UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS 2267  
First Edition  
2020 -mm-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
DUS 2267 : 2020 
© UNBS 2020   
  
Polymer film for damp -proofing and waterproofing in buildings 
 Monofilament and co -extruded products  
 DUS 2267 : 2020  
ii © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all nece ssary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2020   
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,  including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: +256 4 14 333 2 50/1/2/3  
Fax: +256 41 4 286 123  
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  DUS 2267 :2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  v 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  1 
4  Requirements ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  2 
4.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......  2 
4.2 Type designation and usage  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......  2 
4.3 Composition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  3 
4.3.1  Monofilament films  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  3 
4.3.2  Co-extruded films ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  4 
4.4 Dimensions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 5 
4.4.1  Thickness ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 5 
4.4.2  Width ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  5 
4.4.3  Length  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  5 
4.5 Mechanical and physical properties ................................ ................................ ............................  5 
4.5.1  Monofilament films  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  5 
4.5.2  Co-extruded films ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  6 
4.6 Dispersion of carbon black  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  7 
4.7 Quality verification  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  7 
5 Packing and marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  7 
5.1 Packing  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......  7 
5.2 Marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......  7 
5.2.2  Film ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  8 
6 Inspection and methods of test ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 8 
6.1 Inspection  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 8 
6.2 Test specimens and conditioning  ................................ ................................ ...............................  9 
6.3 Film width  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 9 
6.4 Film length  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9 
6.5 Film thickness ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  9 
6.5.1  Plain film (direct measurement)  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9 
6.5.2  Embossed film (gravimetric thickness) ................................ ................................ .......................  9 
6.6 Film mass ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 9 
6.7 Tensile properties — Breaking strength and elongation at break  ................................ .............  10 
6.7.1  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 10 
6.7.2  Test specimens  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  10 
6.7.3  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 10 
6.7.4  Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  11 
6.8 Puncture resistance  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  11 
6.8.1  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 11 
6.8.2  Test specimens  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  12 
6.8.3  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 12 
6.8.4  Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  12 
6.9 Tear strength ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  12 
6.9.1  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 12 
6.9.2  Test specimens  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  12 
6.9.3  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 13 
6.9.4  Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  13 
6.10 Resistance to accelerated aging  ................................ ................................ ...............................  13 
6.10.1  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 13 DUS 2267 : 2020  
iv © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 6.10.2  Specimens  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 13 
6.10.3  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 13 
6.11 Resistance to accelerated weathering  ................................ ................................ .......................  14 
6.11.1  Procedure  for type E film ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  14 
6.11.2  Procedure for types A, B, C and F film  ................................ ................................ ......................  14 
6.11.3  Testing ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......  14 
6.12 Water vapour transmission rate (WVT)  ................................ ................................ ......................  14 
6.12.1  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 14 
6.12.2  Materials  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 15 
6.12.3  Test specimens  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  15 
6.12.4  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 15 
6.12.5  Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  16 
6.13 Water penetration under hydrostatic pressure  ................................ ................................ ..........  16 
6.13.1  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 16 
6.13.2  Materials  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 17 
6.13.3  Test specimens  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  17 
6.13.4  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 17 
6.14 Carbon black content  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  18 
6.14.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 18 
6.14.2  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 18 
6.14.3  Reagents and materials  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  18 
6.14.4  Test specimens  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  19 
6.14.5  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 19 
6.14.6  Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  19 
6.15 Dispersion of carbon black ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  20 
6.15.1  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 20 
6.15.2  Test specimen  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  20 
6.15.3  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 20 
Annex  A (normative)  Notes to purchasers ................................ ................................ ............................  26 
A.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 26 
Annex  B (informative)  The use and protection of polyolefin film ................................ ..........................  27 
B.1 Function of the film  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  27 
B.2 Applications and installation of the polyolefin film  ................................ ................................ ... 27 
B.3 Protection of the polyolefin film  ................................ ................................ ................................  27 
Annex  C (informative)  Quality verification of polyolefin film  ................................ ................................  28 
C.1 Quality verification  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  28 
C.2 Sampling plans ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  28 
C.3 Laboratory facilities ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  28 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  29 
 DUS 2267 :2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  v 
 Foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade , Indust ry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327 , of the Laws of Uganda , as amended .  UNBS is mandated to co -
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Co dex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT  Agreement  of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders 
including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circula ted to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
The committee responsible for this docum ent is Technical Committee UNBS /TC 03, [Building and 
Constructio ], Subcommittee SC ##, [name of subcommittee] . 
This second/third/… edition cancels and replaces the first/second/… edition ( US nnn-n:yyyy ), which has been 
technically revised.  
US nnn consists of th e following parts, under the general title Introductory element — Main element :  
  Part n: Part title  
  Part [n+1]: Part title  
  Part [n+2]: Part title  
 DUS 2267 : 2020  
vi © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
  
 UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 2267 : 2020  
 
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  1 
 Polymer film for damp -proofing and waterproofing in buildings 
 Monofilament and co -extru ded products   
1 Scope   
This standard  covers the requirements for five types of m onofilament polyolefin film and four types of co -
extruded polyolefin film, for use as a damp -proofing material in walls, under  concrete and under roofing tiles, 
and for  the waterproofing of basements . 
2 Normative references   
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content 
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited appl ies. For undated 
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
ISO 1183 -2, Plastics – Methods for determining the density of non -cellular plastics – Part 2: Density gradient 
column method.  
ISO 6964 , Polyolefi n pipes and fittings – Determination of carbon black content by calcination and pyrolysis – 
Test method , and basic specification.  
ISO 527 -2, Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – Part 2: Test c onditions for moulding and extrusion 
plastics.  
ISO 4591, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of average thickness of a sample, and average 
thickness and yield of a roll, by gravimetric techniques (gravimetric thickness).  
ISO 4892 -2, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: Xenon -arc lamps  
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given shall apply.  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the  following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  
3.1 
acceptable  
acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase  contract , as 
relevant  
3.2 
co-extruded film  
multilay er type of film construction in which the layers are extruded  co-axially and simultaneously, and fused 
together during the extrusion process  DUS 2267 : 2020  
2 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 3.3 
film 
thin, flexible sheeting  
3.4 
monofilament  
polymer film extruded as a single layer  
3.5 
polyolefin compound  
composition consisting of polyolefin(s) or modified polyolefin(s) or their mixtures, compounded with suitable 
additives  
3.6 
suitable  
capable of fulfilling or having fulfilled the intended function, or fit for its intended purpose  
4  Requirements  
4.1 General  
4.1.1  The film shall be either plain or embossed (textured), as specified in accordance with annex A. The 
embossment of an embossed film shall be uniform over the entire area so patterned.  
4.1.2  The edges of a length of film shall be smooth, straight and parallel and the material shall be free from 
blisters, bubbles and occluded dirt or other inadvertent contamination which might impair  in-service 
performance.  
4.1.3  There shall be no cuts, tears, pinholes or any other defect s which might impair in -service 
performance.  
4.2 Type designation and usage  
The film shall be of one of the following types, as specified in accordance with annex A:  
a) type A (see 4.3.1.1 and 4.3.2.1), for use in semi -basement and full basement entankment ; 
b) type B (see 4.3.1.2 and  4.3.2.2), for use as a damp -proof course;  
c) type C (see 4.3.1.2 and 4.3.2.2), for use as a damp -proofing or waterproofing under -surface bed  
membrane;  
d) type E (see 4.3.1.3 and 4.3.2.3), for use as a damp -proofing membrane under concrete or clay roof 
tiles on  a pitched roof; and  
e) type F (see 4.3.1.4 and 4.3.2.4), for use in limited damp -proofing applications in moderate site 
conditions.  
NOTE 1  A type D film was used previously, but this type has now been combined with type C. However, the 
designation of types E  and F remain unchanged, due to familiarity of these designations in the industry.  
NOTE 2  Further guidelines on the use and protection of polyolefin film are given in annex B.  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  3 
 4.3 Composition  
4.3.1  Monofilament films  
4.3.1.1  Type A (see 4.2(a))  
The fil m material shall be a virgin polyolefin compound that incorporates evenly and thoroughly dispersed 
orange pigment and, where necessary, suitable stabilizers in acceptable proportions.  
4.3.1.2  Types B and C film (see 4.2(b) and (c))  
4.3.1.2.1  The film mater ial shall be a polyolefin compound that incorporates evenly and thoroughly 
dispersed pigment and, where necessary, suitable stabilizers in acceptable proportions.  
4.3.1.2.2  Due to custom in the industry, monofilament films of types B and C shall be coloure d as follows:  
a) type B film – black; and  
b) type C film – green.  
4.3.1.3  Type E film (see 4.2(d))  
The film material shall be a virgin polyolefin compound that is pigmented white to comply with the relevant 
requirements of table 1, and that contains no rework ma terial and no additives other than the following:  
a) processing stabilizers, in accordance with the nature of the polymers, namely  
1) for low -density polyethylene (LDPE): light stabilizing additive of content at least a mass fraction of 
0,05 % or any other accep table, functionally equivalent stabilizer in fully corresponding proportion;  
2) for high -density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low -density polyethylene (LLDPE) and LLDPE 
blends: light stabilizing additive of conten t at least a mass fraction of 0. 05 % or any oth er 
acceptable, functionally equivalent stabilizer in fully corresponding proportion; and  
b) white pigment and service -life stabilizers.  
4.3.1.4  Type F film (see 4.2(e))  
4.3.1.4.1  The film material shall be a polyolefin compound incorporating evenly and thorou ghly dispersed 
carbon black or other pigment and, where necessary, suitable stabilizers in acceptable proportions.  
4.3.1.4.2  The carbon black content of type F film, determined in accordance with 6.14, shall be at least a 
mass fraction of 2 %.  
4.3.1.4.3  Due to custom in the industry, type F monofilament film shall be coloured black.  
Table 1 — Type E film – Required additives  
Additive  Content  
% (mass fraction) of polymera 
Titanium dioxide: coated stabilized rutile gradeb, min.  
Light stabilizer or another acceptable, functionally 
equivalent stabilizer in fully corresponding proportion  
Light stabilizer or another acceptable, functionally 
equivalent stabilizer in fully corresponding proportion  2 
0.30 to 0 .50 
 
0.45 to 0 .75 DUS 2267 : 2020  
4 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 a For 20 years minimum life expectanc y. 
b Colour index ref. PW6.  
 
4.3.2  Co-extruded films  
4.3.2.1  Type A (see 4.2(a))  
4.3.2.1.1  The film material shall be a virgin polyolefin compound, as described in 4.3.1.1.  
4.3.2.1.2  One of the outer layers shall be pigmented orange.  
4.3.2.1.3  The other la yers may contain pigment for other colours.  
4.3.2.2  Type B and C film (see 4.2(b) and (c))  
4.3.2.2.1  The film material shall be a polyolefin compound, as described in 4.3.1.2.1, in a multi -layer, co -
extruded construction.  
4.3.2.2.2  Layers which are intende d to be exposed to the environment shall incorporate evenly and 
thoroughly dispersed carbon black or other pigment and, where necessary, suitable stabilizers in acceptable 
proportions. In the case of film layers that contain carbon black, the carbon black content, determined in 
accordance with 6.14, shall be at least a mass fraction of 2 %.  
4.3.2.3  Type E film (see 4.2(d))  
4.3.2.3.1  The film material shall be a virgin polyolefin compound, as described in 4.3.1.3.  
4.3.2.3.2  One of the outer layers shall be p igmented white to comply with the relevant requirements of table 
1, and contain service -life stabilizers as specified in table 1.  
4.3.2.3.3  The other layers may contain pigment for other colours, and service -life stabilizers as specified in 
table 1.  
4.3.2. 4 Colour requirements for co -extruded films  
4.3.2.4.1  The external layers of the film shall be of different colours, in order to distinguish co -extruded 
films from monofilament films.  
4.3.2.4.2  The type identification colour shall be as specified in 4.3.1 .1 and 4.3.1.2.2 (unless otherwise 
specified (see annex A)) for the relevant film type, i.e.:  
a) orange for type A;  
b) black for type B;  
c) green for type C; and  
d) white for type E.  
4.3.2.4.3  The obverse side of the various film types shall be in the following colour s: 
a) black for type A;  
b) blue for type B;  
c) black for type C; and  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  5 
 d) blue for type E.  
4.4 Dimensions  
4.4.1  Thickness  
4.4.1.1  Plain film (without embossment)  
When the film thickness is measured in accordance with 6.5.1, no individual determination shall be less than  
the relevant minimum value given in table 2 (for monofilament films), or table 3 (for co -extruded films).  
4.4.1.2  Embossed film  
When the film is tested in accordance with 6.5.2  
a) no individual determination of the gravimetric thickness shall be less than th e relevant minimum value 
given in table 2 (for monofilament films), or table 3 (for co -extruded films), and  
b) each determined value of the mass per unit area of the film shall be at least equal to that on the 
appropriate line of figure 1 corresponding to the  measured density of the film.  
4.4.2  Width  
4.4.2.1  The minimum width of the film shall be one of the following values (unless otherwise specified 
(see annex A)):  
a) film of type B: 110 mm, 150 mm, 225 mm, 300 mm, 350 mm, 450 mm or 600 mm; or  
b) film other than o f type B: 1.0 m, 1. 5 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, 6 m, 8 m, 10 m or 12 m.  
4.4.2.2  The actual width, when determined in accordance with 6.3, shall not be less than the minimum 
width of the film.  
4.4.2.3  The width shall be marked on the packaged roll (see 5.2.1.2(f)).  
4.4.3  Length  
4.4.3.1  The film shall be supplied in rolls of single continuous length as specified (see annex A), and as 
stated on the label.  
4.4.3.2  When measured in accordance with 6.4, the length of the film in a roll shall not be less than the 
minimum length marked on the packaged roll (see also 5.2.1.2 (e)).  
4.5 Mechanical and physical properties  
4.5.1  Monofilament films  
4.5.1.1  When determined by the relevant test method given in column 7 of table 2, each of the properties 
listed in column 1 shall com ply with the numerical requirements given in columns 2 to 6, as applicable to the 
particular monofilament film type.  
4.5.1.2  Specimens subjected to accelerated weathering in accordance with 6.11 shall show no visible 
effects attributable to this treatment.  DUS 2267 : 2020  
6 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 Table 2 — Mechanical and physical properties for monofilament film  
Property  Requirement  Test method 
sub-clause  Film type  
A B C E F 
Thickness, µm, min.  375 375 250 250 250 6.5.1 or 6.5.2 
as relevant  
Tensile properties   
a) Breaking strength, N/mm of width, min.  
b) Elongation at break, %, min.   
3.75 
350  
3.76 
350  
2.16 
200  
2.16 
200  
2.16 
350  
6.7 
6.7 
Puncture resistance, N/mm of thickness, min.  30.5 25.0 35.0 29.0 29.0 6.8 
Tear strength, N/mm of thickness, min.  53.5 43.0 75.0 65.0 46.5 6.9 
Resistance to accelerated aging, % property retention, min.  
a) Breaking strength  
b) Elongation at break   
– 
–  
– 
–  
– 
–  
90 
90  
– 
–  
6.10 
6.10 
Resistance to accelerated weathering , % property retention, min.  
a) Breaking strength  
b) Elongation at break   
50a 
50a  
50a 
50a  
50a 
50a  
80 
80  
50a 
50a  
6.11 
6.11 
Water vapour transmission rate, g/m2 24 h, max.  1,6 1,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 6.12 
Water penetration under hydrostatic pressure  Nil Nil – – – 6.13 
 
4.5.2  Co-extruded films  
4.5.2.1  When determined by the rele vant test method given in column 6 of table 3, each of the properties 
listed in column 1 shall comply with the numerical requirements given in columns 2 to 5, as applicable to the 
particular co -extruded film type.  
4.5.2.2  Specimens subjected to accelerated  weathering in accordance with 6.11 shall show no visible 
effects attributable to this treatment.  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  7 
 Table 3 — Mechanical and physical properties for co -extruded film  
Property  Requirement  Test method 
sub-clause  Film type  
A B C E 
Thicknessa, µm, min.  250 250 170 180 6.5.1 or 6.5.2 
as relevant  
Tensile properties   
c) Breaking strength, N/mm of width, min.  
d) Elongation at break, %, min.   
3.75 
350  
3.76 
350  
2.16 
200  
2.16 
200  
6.7 
6.7 
Puncture resistance, N/mm of thickness, min.  30.5 25.0 35.0 29.0 6.8 
Tear strength, N/mm of thickness, min.  53.5 43.0 75.0 65.0 6.9 
Resistance to accelerated aging, % property retention, min.  
c) Breaking strength  
d) Elongation at break   
– 
–  
– 
–  
– 
–  
90 
90  
6.10 
6.10 
Resistance to accelerated weatheringa, % property retenti on, min.  
c) Breaking strength  
d) Elongation at break   
50 
50  
50 
50  
50 
50  
80 
80  
6.11 
6.11 
Water vapour transmission rate, g/m2 24 h, max.  1.6 1.9 2.9 2.9 6.12 
Water penetration under hydrostatic pressure  Nil Nil – – 6.13 
a The thickness values shown are i nstituted here on a trial basis, and may be revised upwards if complaints 
regarding product performance are received.  
 
4.6 Dispersion of carbon black  
When the film is tested in accordance with 6.15, the test specimen shall be uniformly opaque, with no br ight 
spots indicating direct passage of light.  
4.7 Quality verification  
See annex C for the quality verification of polyolefin film.  
5 Packing and marking  
5.1 Packing  
Each roll shall be completely packaged in an acceptable material . 
Prepackages, contained in a correctly marked outer container whic h is likely to be opened in the  retail for  
individual sale of the prepackages therein, shall each be marked with a quantity  indication in accordance with 
this requirement unless exempted.  
5.2 Marking  
5.2.1.1 The label shall contain the following information (as a minimum):  
a) the name, trade name  or trademark of the manufacturer;  DUS 2267 : 2020  
8 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 b) the address of the manufacturer;  
c) the type of film;  
d) the recommended application of the film, as follows:  
1) type A – For use in semi -basement and full basement entankment;  
2) type B – For use as a damp -proof course;  
3) type C – For use as a damp -proofing or waterproofing under -surface bed membrane;  
4) type E – For use as a damp -proofing membrane under concrete or clay roof tiles on a pitched 
roof; 
5) type F – For use in limited damp -proofing applications in moderate site conditions; and  
6) film not meeting the requirements of this standard  and applied for general use shall have the 
description "General purpose film used in agriculture and normal households. NOT for 
waterproofing and damp proofing in buildings".  
e) the length of the film on the roll (see 4.4.3);  
f) the width of the film on the roll (see 4.4.2.3);  
g) the minimum thickness of the film on the roll (provided that no point on the surface of the film is 
thinner than the indicated minimum thickness); and  
h) the net mass of the film, i.e. without core and packaging.  
5.2.1.3  The length and width dimensions, and the mass value shown on the label shall comply with the 
applicable tolerances or minimum requirements . 
5.2.1.4  Labels shall have the following background colours:  
a) monofilament types A, B, C , E, F – Green;  
b) co-extruded types A, B, C, E, F – Blue; and  
5.2.2  Film  
The film of each roll shall be legibly and durably marked for types A, C, E and F, at intervals of n ot more than 
1 m along its length, with the following information:  
a) the trade name or trademark of the manufacturer;  
b) the letter designation of the film type; and  
c) the minimum film thickness.  
6 Inspection and methods of test  
6.1 Inspection  
6.1.1  Inspect each  roll of film taken for inspection, after unwrapping as necessary, for compliance with 5.1 
and 5.2.  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  9 
 6.1.2  Unroll the film in each roll for a length of at least 3 m and inspect the exposed surfaces and edges of 
the film for compliance with the relevant requ irements of 4.1.  
6.2 Test specimens and conditioning  
6.2.1  Submit each roll taken for dimensional and mass tests to the tests given in 6.3 to 6.6 (inclusive).  
6.2.2  Submit specimens from each roll taken for the remaining tests to the relevant test procedur es. 
6.2.3  Condition all specimens used for the tests described in 6.5.2, 6.7 to 6.10 (inclusive) and 6.12 to 6.14 
(inclusive) for at least 16 h at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 % ± 4 %. Conduct 
the tests described in 6.7 to 6. 9 (inclusive) and 6.12 under these conditions.  
6.3 Film width  
6.3.1  Measure the width of the film, at an angle of 90° to its edge, at three locations at least 1 m apart in the 
longitudinal direction of the film.  
6.3.2  Record, individually, the result of ea ch measurement so taken, and check for compliance with 4.4.2.  
6.4 Film length  
Take one measurement of the length of the film along a line approximately parallel to the longitudinal centre 
line of the film, and check for compliance with 4.4.3.  
6.5 Film thi ckness  
6.5.1  Plain film (direct measurement)  
6.5.1.1  Using a  micrometer gauge accurate to 0.002 5 mm and of a type that will not deform the film, take 
at least 9 readings of the thickness, the locations being such that the readings are taken across the widt h of 
the film at points approximately equidistant from one another and from the edges of the film.  
6.5.1. 2 Do not take readings within 1. 5 m of the end of the film.  
6.5.1.3  Record the result of each measurement so taken and check for compliance with the re levant 
requirements of 4.4.1.1.  
6.5.2  Embossed film (gravimetric thickness)  
6.5.2.1  Determine the thickness of embossed film in accordance with the method described in ISO 1183 -
2. 
6.5.2.2  Check each individual result for compliance with the re levant requirement of 4.4.1.2.  
6.6 Film mass  
6.6.1  The average film thickness of a film shall be higher than the minimum specified thickness in order to 
meet the requirement of no points on the surface of the film to be thinner than the indicated minimum 
thickness.  
6.6.2  Subsequently, the nett mass of a film shall be higher than the minimum specified mass.  
6.6.3  The minimum mass of a film (in kilograms) is calculated as follows:  
(Rw × Rx × c × e) / 1 000  DUS 2267 : 2020  
10 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 where  
Rw is the roll width, in metres (m);  
Rx is the roll length, in metres (m);  
c is the minimum thickness, in micrometres (µm);  
e is the film density, in grams per cubic centimetres (cm3). 
6.7 Tensile properties — Breaking strength and elongation at break  
6.7.1  Apparatus  
6.7.1.1  Tensile strength testing ma chine, of suitable size and capacity, that has self -aligning jaws, that is 
capable of maintaining a rate of traverse of the moving jaw of 50 mm/min ± 15 mm/min, and that is equippe d 
with a recorder accurate to 0. 5 N. 
6.7.1.2  Measuring devices, suitable for  measuring the dimensions of test specimens before and during 
the test.  
6.7.1.3  Cutting die, that is sharp and of the shape and dimensions corresponding to those of the 
specimen shown in figure 2 (identical to the type 5 specimen die of ISO 527-2), and s uitable for cutting out film 
specimens with smooth edges.  
6.7.2  Test specimens  
6.7.2.1  Using the cutting die, cut out six test specimens (each having the shape and dimensions shown in 
figure 2) from each roll of film in the sample. Cut the specimens from i ndividual locations spaced at least 500 
mm apart in the longitudinal direction of the film, and such that the longitudinal axes of three of the specimens 
are in the machine direction of the film and those of the other three are in the transverse direction.  
NOTE  In the case of film of the narrowest recommended width of 110 mm (see 4.4.2.1), this dimension is acceptable 
as the overall length of a transverse specimen, providing that the cutting die has been placed symmetrically across the 
film. 
6.7.2.2  Examine  the edges of the parallel portions of the specimens under magnification to ensure that 
they are smooth and free from nicks. Discard, and replace with an acceptable fresh one, any specimen that 
fails in this respect. Condition the specimens (see 6.2) befor e testing them.  
6.7.2.3  Draw across the surface of the central portion of each specimen, without injury to it, two reference 
lines perpendicular to the long axis of the specimen, 25 mm ± 1 mm apart, and approximately equidistant from 
its midpoint (see figu re 2).  
6.7.3  Procedure  
6.7.3.1  So clamp the specimen in the jaws of the tensile strength testing machine that not more than 25 
mm and not less than 20 mm of each end is gripped by each jaw. Separate the jaws at a rate of traverse of 50 
mm/min ± 15 mm/min u ntil the specimen breaks.  
6.7.3.2  Measure the distance between the reference lines during the test and record the maximum force 
applied and the distance between the reference lines at break.  
6.7.3.3  Repeat the test on the remaining test specimens.  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  11 
 6.7.4  Calculation  
6.7.4.1  Breaking strength  
6.7.4.1.1  For each test specimen, record the maximum force, in newtons, applied at break; then calculate 
the breaking strength in newtons per millimetre of specimen width, as follows:  
BS=F/d  
Where;  
BS is the breaking str ength, in newtons per millimetre (N/mm);  
F is the maximum force applied at break, in newtons (N);  
d is the width of the narrow parallel portion of the test specimen, in millimetres (mm).  
6.7.4.1.2  Calculate the mean breaking strength for the six test speci mens and check this for compliance 
with the relevant requirements of 4.5.  
6.7.4.2  Elongation at break  
6.7.4.2.1  Calculate the elongation at break of each specimen as follows:  
 
Where;  
EB is the elongation at break, expressed as a percentage (%);  
L is the distance between the reference lines at break, in millimetres (mm);  
Lo is the original distance between the reference lines, in millimetres (mm).  
6.7.4.2.2  Calculate the mean elongation for the six test specimens and check this for compliance with the 
relevant requirements of 4.5.  
6.8 Puncture resistance  
6.8.1  Apparatus  
6.8.1.1  Tensile strength testing machine, as in 6.7.1.1, and designed to record applied forces in the range 
0.5 N to 225 N.  
6.8.1.2  Puncture apparatus (see figure 3), that consists of two li ght metal frames (with the lower frame 
sliding on the rods of the upper frame), and that has the following essential components:  
a) Puncture needle, that is a chromium -plated steel needle of length approximately 60 mm and of 
diameter 4.3 mm, with one end fixe d to the lower surface of the upper member of the lower frame and 
the free portion tapering uniformly, for a distance of about 15 mm at an angle of 6°, to a point rounded 
to a radius of 0.57 mm; and  
b) Specimen holder assembly, that consists of two metal disc s of diameter approximately 60 mm and 
thickness approximately 5 mm, each with a hole of diameter 25 mm in the centre and with the surface 
on one side suitably grooved to provide a grip for the specimen. The discs are held in position in the 
bottom of the u pper frame by means of clamps.  DUS 2267 : 2020  
12 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 6.8.1.3  Cutting means, for example, a sharp knife or razor blade, and a template or a sharp -edged 
circular die, suitable for cutting out test specimens.  
6.8.1.4  Micrometer, that is accurate to 0.0025 mm and of a type that wil l not deform the film in the course 
of measurement.  
6.8.2  Test specimens  
6.8.2.1  From each roll of film in the sample cut out five test specimens of diameter at least 50 mm, from 
locations spaced at least 500 mm apart in the longitudinal direction of the f ilm. 
6.8.2.2  Condition the specimens (see 6.2) before testing them.  
6.8.3  Procedure  
6.8.3.1  Using the micrometer, measure the thickness in the centre of each specimen.  
6.8.3.2  Place and clamp centrally a test specimen between the discs of the puncture app aratus, secure 
the lugs of the apparatus in the jaws of the tensile strength testing machine, and separate the jaws at a rate of 
traverse of 50 mm/min ± 15 mm/min until the specimen is punctured by the needle.  
6.8.3.3  Record the force required to puncture the test specimen.  
6.8.3.4  Repeat the test on the remaining four specimens.  
6.8.4  Calculation  
6.8.4.1  Record individually the maximum force, in newtons, applied at the time of puncturing each 
specimen; then calculate the puncture resistance of each specime n, in newtons per millimetre of specimen 
thickness, and the mean puncture resistance.  
6.8.4.2  Check this for compliance with the relevant requirements of 4.5.  
6.9 Tear strength  
6.9.1  Apparatus  
6.9.1.1  Tensile strength testing machine, of suitable size and capacity, and that is capable of maintaining 
a rate of traverse of the moving jaw of 275 mm/min ± 25 mm/min.  
6.9.1.2  Cutting die, that is sharp, of shape and dimensions that correspond to those of the specimen 
shown in figure 4 and suitable for cutting out  test specimens with smooth edges.  
6.9.2  Test specimens  
6.9.2.1  Using the cutting die, cut out, with a single stroke in each case, 10 specimens (each having the 
shape and dimensions shown in figure 4) from each roll in the sample. Cut the specimens from in dividual 
locations spaced at least 500 mm apart in the longitudinal direction of the film, and such that the longitudinal 
axes of five of the specimens are in the machine direction of the film and those of the other five are in the 
transverse direction.  
6.9.2.2  Examine the edges of the specimens under magnification to ensure that they are smooth and free 
from nicks, particularly in or adjacent to the angle. Discard, and replace with an acceptable fresh one, any 
specimen that fails in this respect.  
6.9.2.3  Condition the specimens (see 6.2) before testing them.  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  13 
 6.9.3  Procedure  
6.9.3.1  So clamp the specimen in the jaws of the tensile strength testing machine that not more than 23 
mm and not less than 20 mm of each end is gripped by each jaw.  
6.9.3.2  Separate th e jaws at a substantially constant rate of traverse of 275 mm/min ± 25 mm/min until 
the specimen is torn across.  
6.9.3.3  Note the maximum force recorded by the machine.  
6.9.3.4  Repeat the test on each of the remaining specimens.  
6.9.4  Calculation  
6.9.4.1  Calculate the tear strength of the film as follows:  
TS=F/T  
Where;  
TS is the tear strength, in newtons per millimetre (N/mm);  
F is the mean of the maximum forces recorded in the tests, in newtons (N);  
T is the film thickness (the mean of the results of the  appropriate thickness determination (see 
6.5.1 or 6.5.2, as relevant)), in millimetres (mm).  
6.9.4.2  Check this value for compliance with the relevant requirements of 4.5.  
6.10 Resistance to accelerated aging  
6.10.1  Apparatus  
6.10.1.1  Oven, that is an air -circulation oven maintained at 82 °C ± 1 °C.  
6.10.1.2  Cutting means, for example, a sharp razor blade, for cutting out test specimens from the film.  
6.10.2  Specimens  
From each roll of film in the sample, cut out six specimens generally as for the tensile tests (see 6.7.2) but 
sufficiently oversized to ensure that if shrinkage takes place during the heat treatment, a regular -sized test 
specimen can still be cut from each of the specimens afterwards.  
6.10.3  Procedure  
6.10.3.1  Place the specimens in the oven at 82 °C (either laid on a mesh or grid shelf, or suspended if the 
shelves are solid) so that both sides of each specimen are reasonably accessible to the circulating air. Leave 
in the oven for 72 h, then remove and allow to condition in the test atmospher e (see 6.2) for at least 16 h.  
6.10.3.2  From each specimen cut out a test specimen as in 6.7.2, and determine the breaking strength 
and elongation at break as in 6.7.3 and 6.7.4.  
6.10.3.3  In the case of each property, calculate the mean result for the six test specimens.  
Compare the results with those from the corresponding tests (see 6.7) on untreated specimens, and check for 
compliance with the relevant requirements of 4.5 for the percentage property retention of breaking strength 
and elongation at break.  DUS 2267 : 2020  
14 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 6.11 Resistance to accelerated weathering  
6.11.1  Procedure for type E film  
Using ISO 4892 -2 (exposure in a xenon -arc weathering apparatus), subject the requisite rectangular 
specimens of film (exposure panels) to radiation from the xenon -arc source, unti l the radiant -energy dose 
delivered to the specimens by the wavelength band 300 nm to 400 nm amounts to 380 MJ/m2  
NOTE  This dosage equates t o an exposure time of 2 700 h.  
6.11.2  Procedure for types A, B, C and F film  
Use the procedure given in 6.11.1, bu t the exposure time may be reduced to 250 h.  
6.11.3  Testing  
6.11.3.1  Determine the tensile properties (see 6.7) and check for compliance with the relevant property 
retention requirements of 4.5.  
6.11.3.2  Ensure that the size and number of test specimens (e xposure panels) are sufficient to enable the 
tensile properties to be determined.  
6.12 Water vapour transmission rate (WVT)  
6.12.1  Apparatus  
6.12.1.1  Shallow aluminium test dishes, of overall size appropriate to the analytical balance used (see 
6.12.1.4), and that are round, square, or rectangular in shape. A dish has the general form shown in figure 5, 
and such that  
a) it has a flange around the opening, equipped with a vertical rim either integral with the flange (figure 
5(a)) or formed by an externally fitt ed aluminium ring (figure 5(b)),  
b) the area of the opening of the dish, corresponding to the effective test area of the specimen (see 
figure 5), is between 3 020 mm2  and 3 220 mm2, 
c) the width of the flange is not more than 5 mm,  
d) the rim height does not excee d the specimen thickness by more than 5 mm, and  
e) the depth of the dish is the practical minimum necessary  
1) to hold enough desiccant for a test to be completed before the total moisture uptake has reached 10 
% of the mass of the desiccant, and  
2) to accommodate  this amount of desiccant when its surface is within 5 mm ± 1 mm of the lower 
surface of the specimen (see figure 5).  
NOTE  A dish depth of more than about 30 mm is unlikely to be required in practice.  
6.12.1.2  Template, the lower surface of which exactly m atches the dish opening in shape and area, with a 
bevelled edge, and with the top terminating short of the rim of the dish, as shown in figure 5.  
6.12.1.3  Light aluminium dish covers, required only if the dish or specimen assemblies are to be removed 
from the test enclosure for the mass measurement, so as to minimize changes in mass while the dishes are 
out of the test atmosphere.  
6.12.1.4  Analytical balance, accurate to 0.000 5 g.  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  15 
 6.12.1.5  A conditioned room or humidity cabinet, maintained at 38 °C ± 1 °C and 95 % ± 5 % relative 
humidity, with the means of circulating the air continuously over the test specimen(s).  
6.12.2  Materials  
6.12.2.1  Desiccant. Anhydrous calcium chloride (granular, dust -free), freshly dried at 200 °C before use.  
6.12.2.2  Wax compoun d, that consists of 60 % microcrystalline wax in intimate blend with 40 % refined 
crystalline paraffin wax (if required).  
NOTE  The wax compound is such that the change in its mass does not exceed 0,001 g when a sample with a 
surface area of 500 mm2 is expo sed to the conditioned atmosphere of the test enclosure for 24 h.  
6.12.3  Test specimens  
6.12.3.1  From each roll of film in the sample, cut out two test specimens so dimensioned that, when 
placed in position over the opening of a test dish, each specimen wi ll peripherally overlap the flange by not 
less than one -half and not more than two -thirds of the width of the flange.  
6.12.3.2  Condition the specimens (see 6.2) before testing them.  
6.12.4  Procedure  
6.12.4.1  Filling the test dish with desiccant, and mounti ng and sealing the specimen  
6.12.4.1.1  Carry out the operations in 6.12.4.1.2 to 6.12.4.1.6 (inclusive) as rapidly as possible, so that the 
absorption of water vapour from the atmosphere is minimized. Ensure that the specimen is not damaged in 
the handling , that handling is minimized and confined to the outermost edges, and that the desiccant does not 
come into direct contact with the specimen.  
6.12.4.1.2  Fill each test dish with desiccant to the prescribed level (see 6.12.1.1(e)(2)).  
6.12.4.1.3  Place a spe cimen over the opening of the dish, and centre it carefully to ensure an even 
peripheral overlap of the flange by the specimen (see 6.12.3).  
6.12.4.1.4  Place the template centrally over the specimen and run molten wax into the annular recess 
between the be velled edge of the template and the rim of the dish, until the resulting wax seal is level with the 
upper surface of the template (see figure 5).  
6.12.4.1.5  To facilitate subsequent removal of the template, apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly to the 
bevelled edge before sealing, ensuring that none is put on the lower surface which will be in contact with the 
specimen. Careful, steady pouring should prevent the formation of bubbles in the wax seal. If any bubbles are 
formed, eliminate them by momentary app lication of a small gas flame, but not so as to produce appreciable 
heating of the dish or template.  
6.12.4.1.6  When the wax has hardened, remove the template, inspect the assembly to ensure that the seal 
is acceptable, and clear any wax from the outside o f the dish or retaining ring.  
NOTE  Any other suitable and effective sealing method may be used instead of the wax method.  
6.12.4.2  Determination of the rate of mass gain  
6.12.4.2.1  Carry out the mass measurement of the dish or specimen assembly directly af ter completion of 
the sealing operation. If, as is preferable, the test enclosure is a conditioned room, carry out this mass 
measurement and all subsequent ones inside the room.  
6.12.4.2.2  Repeat the mass measurement of each assembly at suitable intervals  of such duration that the 
test can be completed before the total water uptake by the desiccant has reached 10 % of the latter's initial DUS 2267 : 2020  
16 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 mass (see 6.12.1.1(e)). Record the time of the mass measurement to a precision of approximately 1 % of the 
interval len gth (for example to the nearest 70 s if mass measurements are made every 2 h). Carry out each 
mass measurement to an accuracy of 1 % of the change of mass between the two preceding mass 
measurements, or to 1 mg, whichever is the larger.  
If the assemblies a re exposed in a cabinet from which they are removed for the mass measurement, ensure 
that all of them are out of the cabinet for the same period and under the same conditions at each successive 
mass measurement. On withdrawal from the cabinet, cover each a ssembly with its lid and allow it to cool to 
the temperature of the room. After the mass measurement, remove the lid and immediately replace the 
assembly in the cabinet. Follow precisely the same routine and time schedule at each successive mass 
measuremen t. Wherever possible, keep the balance and the cabinet in the same room in which the 
atmosphere is controlled at constant temperature and humidity.  
6.12.4.2.3  Plot the mass in milligrams of a dish or specimen assembly against the corresponding time in 
hours of its exposure to the test atmosphere. Consider the rate of gain of mass constant, and conclude the 
test when six consecutive properly spaced points on the plot fall on a reasonably straight line.  
6.12.5  Calculation  
6.12.5.1  In the plot of mass against the corresponding exposure time for each specimen (see 6.12.4.2.3) 
draw a straight line as nearly as possible through those six points which represent the final, substantially 
constant rate of gain. From the graph determine the slope of the line, and calcu late the WVT rate for the 
specimen as follows:  
 
Where;  
W is the water vapour transmission rate, in grams per square metre per twenty -four hours (g/m2/h); 
S is the slope of the final linear portion of the graph, in milligrams per hour (mg/h);  
A is the expo sed area of the specimen, in square millimetres (mm2). 
6.12.5.2  Calculate, and record to the nearest 0.1, the mean of all the WVT rates for the sample.  
Record this as the water vapour transmission rate of the film and check for compliance with the relevant  
requirements of 4.5.  
6.13 Water penetration under hydrostatic pressure  
6.13.1  Apparatus  
6.13.1.1  Test rig  
6.13.1.1.1  A suitable version of the rig is shown in figure 6. The rig consists essentially of a metal cylinder 
with a flange at the bottom, supporte d in a vertical position on a circular baseplate of diameter equal to the 
external diameter of the flange and matching the flange in thickness. The face of the flange is equipped with a 
circular washer of rubber or similar relatively soft and resilient wat erproof material. The top of the baseplate is 
lined with a layer of the same material, to ensure a good grip and peripheral seal on the specimen or paper 
disc assembly mounted between the flange and the baseplate during a test (see 6.13.4 and figure 6).  
6.13.1.1.2  The height of the cylinder is at least 600 mm, and the internal diameter 150 mm ± 2 mm (except 
where the width of film to be tested is less than 200 mm). The thickness of the flange is at least 6,5 mm, and 
its total width at the face (B in figure  6) is at least 22 mm. At least six bolts, equally spaced around the 
cylinder, are provided for clamping the flange to the baseplate. The apparatus stands on a firm, level, DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  17 
 horizontal surface, with the baseplate raised above it (by means of a suitable inte gral support, for example, a 
circular rim, or a set of legs as shown in figure 6) so that the bolts are clear of the surface.  
NOTE  For testing film of width 200 mm or less (see 4.4.2.1(a)), use a cylinder of internal diameter 60 mm ± 1 mm.  
6.13.1.2  Ultravi olet lamp  
This is required only if a fluorescent compound, and not a dye, is used as a marker in the penetration test (see 
6.13.2.1 and 6.13.4.8).  
6.13.2  Materials  
6.13.2.1  Solution of marker compound. A dilute aqueous solution of a fluorescent compound, o r a dye of 
good tinctorial power, capable of producing perceptible intensity of fluorescence or colour when spotted onto 
absorbent white paper. The maximum concentration of the marker compound will depend on its nature, but 
will normally be below 0.25 g/L.  
6.13.2.2  White, absorbent filter paper or blotting paper.  
6.13.3  Test specimens  
NOTE  See also 4.4.2.1(a).  
6.13.3.1  Films of width up to 200 mm  
From each roll of film in the sample cut out six circular specimens, each of diameter (60 + 2n) mm, where n is 
at least equal to the width of the cylinder flange of the test rig used.  
6.13.3.2  Films of width over 200 mm  
From each roll of film in the sample cut out one circular specimen of diameter (150 + 2n) mm, where n is at 
least equal to the width of the cylinder  flange of the test rig used.  
6.13.4  Procedure  
6.13.4.1  Condition the specimens (see 6.2) before testing them.  
6.13.4.2  Cut out a matching disc of filter paper or blotting paper for use with each film specimen.  
6.13.4.3  Mount a film specimen in the test ri g, with the paper disc underneath and in good surface contact, 
ensuring that the assembly is well centred and smooth.  
6.13.4.4  Cut holes for the bolts round the periphery of the assembly. Ensure that these are sufficiently 
oversized to permit effective cen tring and avoidance of bulges and crinkling.  
6.13.4.5  Ensure that the bolting of the cylinder flange to the baseplate is firm and even.  
6.13.4.6  Pour the solution of the marker compound carefully into the cylinder to produce a head of 500 mm 
± 2 mm (see C in figure 6). The appropriate level may be pre -marked inside the cylinder.  
6.13.4.7  Leave the specimen or paper disc assembly under the solution head for 24 h ± 5 min. At the end 
of this period, carefully empty the cylinder and remove the assembly, ensuri ng particularly that the paper disc 
does not accidentally come into contact with any residual solution from anywhere in or on the apparatus.  
6.13.4.8  Separate the paper disc from the specimen and examine (under UV light if a fluorescent marker 
solution has  been used) for evidence of penetration of the solution through the film. Allow the paper to dry 
before the examination.  DUS 2267 : 2020  
18 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 6.13.4.9  Check for compliance with 4.5.  
6.14 Carbon black content  
6.14.1  General  
6.14.1.1  Determine the carbon black content by the rel evant method given in ISO 6964, taking two test 
specimens from each roll in the sample. Test the two specimens separately, and check each for compliance 
with the relevant requirements of 4.3.  
6.14.1.2  Alternatively, the carbon black content may be determin ed using the method given in 6.14.2 to 
6.14.6 (inclusive).  
6.14.2  Apparatus  
6.14.2.1  Electric furnace, that is at least 203 mm long, suitable for use with the combustion tube (see 
6.14.2.3), and capable of reaching the specified temperatures at the specifi ed rate (see 6.14.5).  
6.14.2.2  Muffle furnace, that is capable of maintaining a temperature of approximately 800 °C.  
6.14.2.3  Combustion tube, made of a suitable heat -resistant glass, of internal diameter 28.5 mm, and 
approximately 100 mm longer than the e lectric furnace (see 6.14.2.1).  
6.14.2.4  Two natural rubber or poly -chloroprene stoppers, that fit the combustion tube (see6.14.2.3).  
6.14.2.5  Enough 9.5 mm diameter glass tubing, with matching rubber or plastics tubing to make the 
necessary connections (s ee figure 7).  
6.14.2.6  Combustion boat, that is porcelain or platinum, and of size approximately 90 mm × 20 mm × 12.5 
mm. 
6.13.2.7  An iron -constantan thermocouple and a potentiometer or milli -voltmeter, suitable for determining 
temperatures in the range 30 0 °C to 550 °C.  
6.14.2.8  Flowmeter, that is suitable for measuring gas flow at rates of 1 L/min to 10 L/min.  
6.14.2.9  Two glass traps, of internal diameter 9.5 mm, with removable heads connected to the traps by 
ground -glass joints, plus connecting tubes.  
NOTE These traps are not required if the entire apparatus is placed in a fume cupboard.  
6.14.2.10  Drying tube, that is U -shaped , has an internal diameter of at least 19 mm, and is fitted with 
ground -glass or poly -chloroprene stoppers.  
6.14.2.11  Balance , having a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.  
6.14.3  Reagents and materials  
6.14.3.1  Solid carbon dioxide.  
NOTE  Not required if the entire apparatus is placed in a fume cupboard.  
6.14.3.2  Desiccant, such as anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl 2). 
6.14.3.3  Nitrogen, pre -purified, and that has an oxygen content below a volume fraction of 0.01 %. As a 
safeguard against accidental leakage, contamination, and inadequate purity, purify the gas of oxygen content 
of a volume fraction of 0.002 % or higher, by one of the following proce dures:  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  19 
 a) Pass the nitrogen through a glass trap inserted ahead of the drying tube (see figure 7) and filled to 
approximately one -third of its capacity with an aqueous solution made by dissolving 5 g of pyrogallol 
and 50 g of potassium hydroxide in 100 mL of water. Reagents of grade not inferior to technical grade 
are suitable.  
b) So insert a plug or roll of copper foil or wire, of length 75 mm to 100 mm, into the combustion tube 
ahead of the test specimen so that it is completely within the heated region of the furnace. Ensure that 
channelling of the nitrogen through the plug does not occur. (The extent of blackening of the copper 
may be used as an indication of when the plug should be renewed.)  
c) Pass the nitrogen through the combustion tube filled, over a length of at least 150 mm, with freshly -
reduced copper wire and maintained in a furnace at a temperature of about 500 °C.  
6.14.3.4  Trichloroethylene, of technical grade or better.  
NOTE  Not required if the entire apparatus is placed in a fume cupboard.  
6.14.4  Test specimens  
From each pipe sample, cut two test specimens, each of mass 1.0 g ± 0.1 g.  
6.14.5  Procedure  
6.14.5.1  Assemble the apparatus as shown in figure 7. Both traps following the combustion tube contain 
trichloroethylene, but only the first need be cool ed with solid carbon dioxide. Alternatively, place the entire 
apparatus in a fume cupboard and omit the two traps. Fill the drying tube with the desiccant, and hold it in 
position by loose plugs of glass wool.  
6.14.5.2  Heat the clean combustion boat to red  heat in a bunsen flame and then allow the boat to cool for 
at least 30 min in a desiccator containing fresh desiccant. Remove the boat from the desiccator and weigh it to 
the nearest 0.1 mg as quickly as possible.  
6.14.5.3  Place a test specimen in the boa t and immediately determine, to the nearest 0.1 mg, the mass 
m1 (see 6.14.6) of the specimen.  
6.14.5.4  Adjust the rate of nitrogen flow to 1.7 L/min ± 0.3 L/min. Place the combustion boat (with the 
specimen) centrally in the tube in the furnace. So adjust the thermocouple that the weld is touching the boat, 
and heat the furnace at a rate such that a temperature of 350 °C is reached in about 10 min, 450 °C in a 
further 10 min, and 500 °C after a total of 30 min. Maintain the temperature at 500 °C ± 5 °C for 15 min.  
6.14.5.5  Remove the tube from the furnace (with the boat in place) and allow it to cool for 5 min, the flow 
of nitrogen being maintained. Remove the boat through the inlet end of the tube, and allow it to cool in a 
desiccator for at least 30 min. T hen quickly determine, to the nearest 0.1 mg, the mass m2 (i.e. carbon black 
plus residue) (see 6.14.6) of the contents.  
6.14.5.6  Transfer the boat plus contents to the muffle furnace and heat it at a temperature of about 800 °C 
until all traces of carbon  black are burnt off. Remove the boat from the furnace and allow it to cool in a 
desiccator for at least 30 min. Determine, to the nearest 0.1 mg, the mass m3 (see 6.14.6) of the residue.  
6.14.5.7  Repeat the test on the second test specimen allowing the te mperature of the electric furnace to 
fall to 300 °C or less between determinations.  
6.14.6  Calculation  
6.14.6.1  Calculate the carbon black content of each test specimen as follows:  
 DUS 2267 : 2020  
20 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 Where;  
C is the carbon black content, expressed as a percentage (%);  
m1 is the mass of the test specimen, in grams (g);  
m2 is the mass of the carbon black and the residue, in grams (g);  
m3 is the mass of the residue, in grams (g).  
6.14.6.2  Record the average of the results obtained on the two specimens as the carbon black con tent of 
the sample and check for compliance with the requirement of 4.3.1.4.2.  
6.15 Dispersion of carbon black  
6.15.1  Apparatus  
6.15.1.1  Press, with platens of size at least 120 mm × 120 mm, and capable of being heated to at least  
180 °C.  
6.15.1.2  Means of  temperature measurement, capable of reading to 1 °C, either built into the press or 
external, for example, a contact pyrometer or calibrated thermocouple in good thermal contact with the 
platen(s).  
6.15.1.3  Two flat, smooth -surfaced metal plates, of size suitable for pressing out the test specimens.  
6.15.1.4  Metal shims, of thickness 50 µm ± 5 µm and of face dimensions suitable for use in pressing out 
the test specimens.  
6.15.1.5  Steel ruler, graduated in 1 mm divisions.  
6.15.2  Test specimen  
A strip of pre ssed out film of face dimensions (100 mm ± 5 mm) × (25 mm ± 5 mm) and thickness of 50 µm ± 
5 µm (one from each of the rolls in the appropriate sample).  
6.15.3  Procedure  
6.15.3.1  Preparation of the test specimen   
6.15.3.1.1  From a location at least 1.5 m f rom the outer end of the film on the roll and approximately midway 
between the two edges, cut out a piece of film of such a size that, on being pressed out to the prescribed 
thickness (i.e. 50 µm ± 5 µm), the resulting film can be readily trimmed to the sp ecimen face dimensions.  
6.15.3.1.2  Heat the press platens and the pressing plates to a temperature of 178 °C ± 2 °C, insert the piece 
of film between the plates, flanked at a suitable distance by shims, and press out to the required specimen 
thickness and a face area in moderate excess of the required specimen face dimensions. With the aid of the 
ruler, mark out the specimen face dimensions centrally on the pressed film, and cut out with a pair of sharp 
scissors, a razor blade or a scalpel.  
6.15.3.2  Examina tion of the test specimen   
6.15.3.2.1  Holding the test specimen approximately 100 mm from a 40 W electric light bulb, between the eye 
and the bulb, examine it for compliance with the requirements of 4.6.  
6.15.3.2.2  Deem the specimen to be uniformly opaque if no clearly contrasting areas of darker and lighter 
material can be distinguished.  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  21 
 
 
NOTE  The general relationship between m, p and c is expressed by the straight -line equation  
m = kcp  
where ;  
m is the mass per unit area, in k ilograms per square metre ( k/m2); 
k is the numerical constant 0. 001; 
c is the gravimetrical thickness, in microns. In this graph the lines are plots of the equation, with c = 
375 µm, c = 325 µm and c = 215 µm, respectively;  
p is the sheet density, in gr ams per cubic centimetre (g/cm3). 
Figure 1 — Relationship between the mass per unit area and the density of embossed film for 
minimum gravimetric thicknesses of 375 µm, 325 µm and 215 µm  
A  
A – Overall length, min. 115  DUS 2267 : 2020  
22 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 B – Width at ends 25 ± 1  
C – Length of narrow parallel portion 33  ± 2 
D – Width of narrow parallel portion 
  
R1 – Small radius 14 ± 1  
R – Large radius 25 ± 2  
G – Distance between reference lines 25 ± 1  
H – Initial distance between grips 80 ± 5  
Figure 2 — Tensile test specimen paragraph.  
 
A – Lugs for insertion in jaws of tensile strength  testing machine  
B – Puncture needle  
C – Specimen holder discs  
D – Specimen  
E – Clamping screws  
Figure 3 — Puncture apparatus  
 DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  23 
 
 
Figure 4 — Tear test specimen  
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24 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 
 
A – Internal diameter of cylinder 150 ± 2 or 60 ± 1 (see 6.13.1.1.2)  
B – Width of flange, min. 22  
C – Water head 500 ± 2  
Figure 6 — Test apparatus for water penetration under hydrostatic pressure  
 
a – Pyrogallol solution  
b – Drying tube  
d – Flowmeter  
e – Thermocouple  
f – Heat-resistant glass tube  
h – Electric furnace  
k – Solid carbon dioxide  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  25 
 m – Trichloroethylene  
N2 Nitrogen gas  
Figure 7 — Apparatus to determine carbon black content  
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26 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Notes to purchasers  
 
A.1 General  
The following requirements shall be specified in tender invitations and in each order or contract:  
a) whether the film shall be plain or embossed (see 4.1);  
b) the type of film (see 4.2);  
c) the colour of the co -extruded film (see 4.3.2.4.2);  
d) the minimum width of the film (see 4.4.2); and  
e) the minimum length of film on a roll (see 4.4.3.1).  
 DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  27 
 Annex  B 
(informative)  
 
The use and protection of polyolefin film  
B.1 Function of the film  
The function of the polyolefin film is to prevent the passage of water or moisture from an external source into a 
structure, or from one part of the structure to another part.  
B.2 Applications and installation of the polyolefin film  
Recommendations and directions regarding the applications and installation of the polyolefin film are provided 
in SANS 10021 . 
B.3 Protection of the polyolefin film  
B.3.1  Because the effects of weathering can reduce the service life of the film, protection against exposure 
is required.  
B.3.2  Protection is also required against traffic, particularly on accessible roofs. Such protection may be in 
the for m of masonry, concrete, tiles or similar covering, and should be provided as soon as the film is 
installed.  DUS 2267 : 2020  
28 © UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  C 
(informative)  
 
Quality verification of polyolefin film  
 
C.1 Quality verification  
When a pu rchaser requires on -going verification of the quality of polyolefin film, it is suggested that, instead of 
concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his attention to the manufacturer's quality 
system. In this connection it sho uld be noted that ISO 9001  covers the provision of an integrated quality 
management system.  
C.2 Sampling plans  
If no information about the implementation of quality control or testing during manufacture is available to help 
in assessing the quality of a l ot, and a purchaser wishes to establish by inspection and testing of samples of 
the final product whether a lot of the polyolefin film produced to this standard  complies with its requirements, 
suitable sampling plans can be found in SANS 2859 -1. 
NOTE For the purposes of this standard , the following AQL (acceptance quality limit) values can be used:  
a) for thickness, AQL = 2.5;  
b) for width and length, AQL = 4; and  
c) for the rest of the test, AQL = 4.  
C.3 Laboratory facilities  
Manufacturers shall hav e their own test facilities to measure and test the following parameters:  
a) tensile properties (breaking strength and elongation at break);  
b) puncture resistance;  
c) tear strength; and  
d) water vapour transmission.  DUS  2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  29 
 Bibliography  
[1] SANS 952 -1:2018 , Polymer film for damp -proofing and waterproofing in buildings  - Part 1:  
Monofilament and co -extruded products  
[2] SANS 2859 -1:2004 , Sampling procedures for inspection by  attributes   Part 1: Sampling schemes 
indexed by  acceptance quality limit (AQL) for  lot-by-lot inspectio n 
[3] SANS 10021 :2012 , The waterproofing of buildings  (including damp -proofing and vapour  barrier 
installation)  
 
 
 DUS 2267 : 2020  
© UNBS 2020  – All rights reserved  31 
 Certification marking  
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the fi gure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in acco rdance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from t he Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
 DUS 2267 : 2020    
 
ICS nn.nnn.nn  
Price based on nn pages  
© UNBS 2020 – All rights reserved