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Trade Policy Review Body    
 
*In Original language only/ En langue originale seulement /En el idioma original solamente . 
  
BRAZIL 
DRAFT MINUTES  OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 23 AND 25 NOVEMBER 2022  
Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the 
Secretariat ( Mrs Daniela  Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , or to  tprd@wto.org ) no later 
than 14 February  2023. 
 
Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales  
 
BRÉSIL 
PROJET DE COMPTE RENDU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 23 AND 25 NOVEMBRE 2022  
Les délégations sont invitées à soumettre  leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs 
propres déclarations au Secrétariat ( Mme Daniela  Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , ou 
tprd@wto.org ) le 14 février  2023 au plus tard.  
 
Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales  
 
BRASIL 
PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 23 Y 24 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2022  
Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría (Sr a. Daniela  Salas : 
danielamariana.salas@wto.org , o tprd@wto.org ) a más tardar el 14 de febrero de 2023  las 
correcciones fácticas que deseen introducir en sus propias declaraciones.  
 
 
_______________  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
BRAZIL 
DRAFT  MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez (Mexico)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  3 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BRAZIL  ................................ ....... 5 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  9 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  14 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BRAZIL AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  ...........  67 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  72 
7  ADOPTION OF TPRB'S ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2022  ................................ .....................  74 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Brazil are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/432/Add.1 and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The eighth  Trade Policy Review of Brazil  was held on 23 and 25 November  2022. The 
Chairperson, H.E. Mr  Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez (Mexico)  welcomed the delegation of Brazil , headed 
by Mr Fernando Meirelles de Azevedo Pimentel , Director of the Trade Policy Department of the 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs ; the rest of t he delegation; and the discussant, Dr Muhammad Mujtaba 
Piracha  (Pakistan) . 
1.2.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Interprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membe rship.  
1.3.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The Report by Brazil  is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 432, and that of the WTO 
Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 432. 
1.4.  Questions by the following delega tions were submitted in writing before the deadline: Oman, 
Thailand, Guatemala, Iceland, Singapore, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Israel, China, Norway, 
United  States, Costa  Rica, Kingdom of  Saudi  Arabia, Colombia, Russian  Federation, European  Union, 
Ukraine,  Sri Lanka, Plurinational  State  of Bolivia, Argentina, Chinese  Taipei, New  Zealand, 
Switzerland, Uruguay, United  Kingdom, Malaysia, Philippines , and India. The following delegations 
submitted written questions after the deadline: Republic  of Korea, Chile, Türkiye , 
Dominican  Republic, Viet  Nam, El  Salvador, Ecuador, Japan, and Indonesia.  
1.5.  The Chairperson started  by recalling some elements of Brazil's previous Review and 
developments since then, as well as by identifying some key issues arising from the advanc e written 
questions submitted by Members for this TPR.  
1.6.  During the previous TPRB meeting on 17 and 19  July 2017, Members had commended Brazil 
for its sound economic fundamentals and stable financial system as well as for stay ed in the course 
of fiscal resp onsibility and attract ed substantial foreign investment. For the current Review, Members 
through their advance written questions sought information on issues relating to fiscal imbalance ; 
the floating exchange rate system ; labour productivity ; participatio n in global value chains ; tax 
reform ; labour ; Micro, small and medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs) policy ; and gender and 
indigenous people financial and trade inclusion.  
1.7.  At the time of the previous Review, Members had welcomed Brazil's furthering of its WTO 
commitments and its constructive participation in all areas of WTO work. At the same time, they had 
referred to its efforts toward the expansion of MERCOSUR's regional trade agreements. For the 
current Review, severa l Members requested more details on: Brazil's participation in the WTO 
dispute settlement and its "appeal in the void" initiative; numerous MERCOSUR -related technical 
issues, developments and plans; and Brazil's participation in the Global System of Trade Preferences 
among Developing Countries. Interest was also expressed on developments in Brazil's trade policy 
formulation, objectives and regulatory/institutional framework as well as its foreign direct 
investment and business environment.  
1.8.   With regard to t rade policy, at the time of the previous Review, Members had encouraged 
further efforts to address shortcomings in some areas of IPR protection and enforcement. Concern 
was expressed over Brazil's complex tax regime; the large gap between bound and applied  MFN 
tariff rates; the extensive use of non -automatic import licensing and anti -dumping measures; the 
continued reliance on local content and local production requirements; support measures or 
programmes in certain manufacturing activities; and market barr iers due to operational aspects of 
TBT and SPS systems. For this Review, in their advance written questions, some Members expressed 
interest in learning more inter alia about: several tariff and binding issues; some internal tax rates 
differentials; the us e of trade remedies; certain incentives; several standards and technical 
regulations and SPS issues; state trading, state -owned enterprises and privatization developments; 
government procurement and progress in the accession to the WTO GPA; and, numerous i ntellectual 
property rights protection matters.  
1.9.  In terms of sectoral trade policies, Members were interested in having more clarity on: 
programmes to support agricultural production, to mitigate climate change and promote 
environmental sustainability; cert ain mining and renewable energy issues; non -automatic licensing, WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  quotas and other import restrictions for manufactured goods; structural reforms at the services 
sector; experience and regulation on electronic transfer and payment system; the main regulator y 
changes by "BR do Mar" programme for cabotage; the use of international credit cards in Brazilian 
e-commerce websites; and, the recognition of foreign qualifications for professional services.  
1.10.  In total, Brazil received 949  advance written questions from  38 delegations for this review, 
out of which 832 were sent within the established deadline, covering a broad range of topics. Prior 
to the meeting, Brazil provided written replies to all questions submitted within the established 
deadline.  
1.11.  The meeting was a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of interest 
to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. It was also an opportune 
moment for Brazil to update the Membership on the impact of COVID -19 on its econ omy, the 
measures it has taken in response and their outcome. The Chairperson was looked forward to a 
fruitful exchange.  
1.12.  The Chairperson closed h is introductory remarks by wishing Brazil  a very successful 
eighth  Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BRAZIL (MR  FERNANDO MEIRELLES 
DE AZEVEDO PIMENTEL ) 
2.1.  We would like to thank the Secretariat for their  work and cooperation in this TPR exercise. In 
particular, we appreciate the TPR team 's visit to  Brasilia, which allowed for broad consultations with 
a wide number of governmental bodies.  
2.2.  I also would like to thank today 's discussant,  Ambassador H .E. Dr Muhammad  Mujtaba Piracha,  
Permanent Representative of Pakistan, for taking the  time to examine our TPR reports and providing 
all Memb ers with valuable insights and remarks. We really  appreciate your participation and your 
contribution to  a fruitful discussion.  
2.3.  We also appreciate the high degree of Members'  engagement in our TPR. We received more 
than 8 30 questions on a wide variety of a reas from many  Members. We replied to all of them  and 
remain open to  clarify further any topic of interest. Written questions received after the deadline will 
also be replied in due course.  
2.4.  The review period under examination (2017 -2021) encompasses an unprecedented challenge 
for the global  economy, - mainly due to the COVID -19 pandemic -, which had significant 
repercussions on many public policies  in Brazil, as both TPR reports show.  
2.5.  Despite the global slowdown, our economy showed resilie nce. The GDP in 2021 responded very 
well to a  successful mix of fiscal policies and completely overcame the GDP  loss from year 2020.  
2.6.  In the period under review, Brazil has promoted an ambitious supply -side reform agenda. 
Market friendly structural reforms have been moving ahead despite the pandemic. Some of the most 
significant developments include : institutional reforms; autonomy for the Central Bank; 
privatizations; labour market and pension reform; efficiency and inclusiveness policies in the 
financial s ector; new mechanisms to control mandatory spending growth; import tariffs reductions; 
and new laws on sanitations, start -ups, natural gas, and bankruptcy, among others.  
2.7.  Regarding the business environment as a whole, it is worth highlighting the enactment of the 
Economic Freedom Act, the Regulatory Agencies' Law, and the Business Environment Act.  
2.8.  Trade negotiations and the  WTO also remained central to Brazil 's economic reform agenda . 
2.9.  Brazil has pursued a trade agenda based on three  pillars: (i)  intensificat ion of the trade 
agreements  network and trade negotiations, including at the WTO;  (ii) modernization of the 
MERCOSUR tariff structure;  and (iii)  trade facilitation.  
2.10.  While there is still a lot of work to be done,  Brazil was able to deliver significant outcomes in  
each of these pillars.  
2.11.  The multilateral trading system is a priority for  Brazil's foreign trade policy. Brazil believes 
that well-functioning multilateral trade rules are  essential for the good functioning of the global 
economy and can also contribute to sustainable development.  
2.12.  Over the review period, Brazil has maintained and  enhanced its engagement with the WTO in 
all its  pillars and negotiating formats, seeking to  strengthen and modernize the Organization, while  
not neglecting lo ngstanding issues, such as  agriculture trade.  
2.13.  This commitment to the WTO was  highlighted during the Twelfth Ministerial Conference, as 
well as by Brazil's participation in WTO joint  initiatives.  
2.14.  We expanded our network of extra -regional free trade  agreements, such as the ones with the 
European  Union,  EFTA, Canada, the Republic of Korea , and Singapore, all  of which are very 
comprehensive in their coverage of  issues.  
2.15.  In our last TPR, the Secretariat had expressed a  general view that the Brazilian econ omy was  
"inward -oriented". In this review period, given the  progress we made in deepening our integration WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  to world  trade, the Secretariat highlighted the fact that  "trade to GDP" ratio increased from 24.3% 
in 2017 to  39.2% in 2021, with both exports and im ports contributing to that improvement.  
2.16.  In July  2022, jointly with our MERCOSUR partners, we  decided to reduce permanently the 
bloc's Common  External Tariff by 10%. This cut is the most comprehensive unilateral tariff change 
ever adopted in the bloc since the creation of the Common External Tariff.  
2.17.  Brazil has  continued to  promote food security and the elimination of trade  distortions - such 
as those that exist in trade in  agriculture - that undermine opportunities for  developing countries.  
2.18.  I would lik e to take the opportunity to talk about a few developments in more detail.  
First, tariffs and trade facilitation  
 
2.19.  All Brazilian trading partners receive at least MFN  tariff treatment with a simple average 
of 9.4%, as of  July 2022, which represents an 18% d ecline (or 2.2  percentage points) relatively  
to 2017.  In other words, Brazil has managed to further liberalize trade during challenging times for 
the world economy, when many other parts of the world went in a different direction.  
2.20.  In response to the COVID -19 pandemic, Brazil reduced  to zero the MFN import duties on 
certain medical and  protective equipment between March  2020 and  December  2022. As of 
August  2022, the list covers 548  products.  
2.21.  In line with the Economic Freedom Act provisions and  TFA comm itments, Brazil has removed 
more than 700 ,000 automatic  and non -automatic import licensing requirements.  
2.22.  We have also reduced from 13 to  5 days the average export time, with estimated annual  
savings of USD  14 billion for the private sector, by implementing  a new export process related to 
our single window programme.  
Second, agriculture  
 
2.23.  Agri-business  accounted for almost 27.5% of Brazil 's GDP and generated a surplus of more 
than USD  105 billion in 2021. Family farming employs more than 10  million people in Brazil, which 
represents 67% of all people employed in agriculture. Family farming is also responsible for 23% of 
the total value of Brazilian agricultural production. Brazil is the leading world exporter  of soybeans, 
sugar, poultry meat,  bovine meat, and orange  juice.  
2.24.  Since the pandemic, Brazil has redoubled its efforts  in favour of a more liberalized agricultural 
sector.  Domestically, we reduced or zeroed tariffs for dozens  of foodstuffs and we have not applied 
any export  restriction on food, in line with our historic commitment to food security.  
2.25.  At the WTO, Brazil remains focused on fulfilling the reform mandate established in Article  20 
of the Agreement on Agriculture. We were one of the most  active players of agricultural negotiations 
for MC11  and MC12, submitting proposals on domestic support,  public stockholding for food security 
purposes, market  access, and transparency.  
2.26.  Brazil is determined to be a sustainable agricultural producer, contributing to both global food 
security and sust ainability. Brazil is doing this with less, no more subsidies.  
2.27.  Another key area for Brazil was the implementation  and application of the SPS  Agreement 
with a focus on promoting trade of agricultural products and  strengthening the role of the WTO. Our 
autho rities, in  the past years, have helped sustain the efforts to  consolidate a reliable, science -based 
and transparent  regulatory system supported by strong institutions.  
2.28.  We continue to be fully engaged in this process as one of  the facilitators of the discussions on 
the role of SPS  Agreement to support food security and more  sustainable food systems.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  Third, MERCOSUR and regional trade agreements  
 
2.29.  Besides the permanent cut in  the bloc's common external tariff, I want to highlight that the 
members of ME RCOSUR have signed  trade-related agreements on various issues, such as  trade 
facilitation; geographical indications; trade in  services; digital signatures and elimination of  roaming 
taxes in telecommunications.  
2.30.  MERCOSUR  has also intensified negotiations on extra -regional  FTAs, such as the ones with 
the EU, EFTA, Canada, the Republic of Korea , and Singapore.  
Fourth, investment  
 
2.31.  Brazil has an open investment regime for FDI, with  national treatment for companies 
established in Brazil  enshrined in our Constitution, and remains, despite  the pandemic, one of  the 
top FDI  destinations in the world.  
2.32.  At the WTO, Brazil has been from the beginning one of  the most active participants of the JSI 
on investment  facilitation and remains committed t o the goal of  concluding text negotiations until 
the end of 2022.  
Fifth, WTO reform  
 
2.33.  During the review period, Brazil engaged in all WTO  Reform discussions and contributed  
towards a satisfactory outcome for the MC12.  
2.34.  In this regard, we highlight the Brazilian proposal  of annual ministerial conferences in Geneva 
as a way  to build trust among Members and increase the  responsiveness of the Organization in a 
pragmatic  manner.  
2.35.  Moreover, it has been almost three years since the Appellate  Body became non -operational, 
and Members still need to  find a way to overcome the current impasse. We must  recover the capacity 
of the dispute settlement system  to deliver enforceable outcomes.  
Last but not least, sustainability  
 
2.36.  In agriculture,  Brazil has pursued the adoption of land -saving  technologies, conservation 
measures, and policies to  foster agriculture productivity , and sustainability.  
2.37.  Agricultural sustainability as a concept means the  possibility of agricultural systems to 
maintain  long-term production, witho ut sensitive depletion of the  resources that give rise to them, 
such as  biodiversity, soil fertility , and water resources.  
2.38.  Brazil 's credentials in the area of environmental  sustainability were acknowledged in several 
sections of the  Report from the Secreta riat. 
2.39.  We would like to particularly highlight that the Brazilian  energy matrix continued as  one of 
the cleanest in the world during the period in review; in 2021, 45% of energy came from  renewable 
sources compared to an average of less than  15% for the res t of the world and 11.5% for the 
OECD  members.  
2.40.  In Brazil 's view, the world will not have the tools  to face the challenges of mitigating and 
adapting to  climate change unless we promote more growth and more  sustainable development. 
This is particularly true for developing  economies.  
2.41.  In order to reach this goal in a sustainable way,  trade must play a central role.  
2.42.  WTO Members cannot face the environmental question  effectively if we lose sight of the bigger  
picture.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  2.43.  Sustainable development onl y materializes through the simultaneous improvement of its 
three  core dimensions: economic, social , and environmental. It is precisely because international 
trade helps improve conditions in all three that it can be such a powerful tool in that process.  
2.44.  International trade has a proven beneficial effect by providing opportunities for medium and 
small companies, as well as for families, to access new markets and improve their income and escape 
poverty. Frequently that is also what is necessary to enable thos e stakeholders to improve their 
environmental practices and to abandon environmentally harmful production methods.  
2.45.  Ambassador  Piracha, Mr Chair, Secretariat, delegates, I thank you for your kind attention and 
for the high -level interest in the Brazilian po licies and achievements since our last Trade Policy 
Review in 2017.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  I wish to warmly welcome the Brazilian delegation led by H .E. Minister Fernando Meirelles  
de Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to 
their eighth Trade Policy Review.  
3.2.  I would like to acknowledge the Secretariat and Brazilian TPR team here in Geneva and in the 
Capital for preparing excellent r eports for this TPR. Having recently been under review, I am 
personally aware of the amount of work this process involves.  
3.3.  It is indeed an honour for me personally and for my country to be the discussant at this trade 
policy review of one of the largest em erging economies in the world, known for its "vast and bountiful 
lands ", its vibrant people and culture and of course, football!  
3.4.  The discussant at the previous Trade Policy Review of Brazil quoted the famous Brazilian saying, 
translated a s: "Good sailors are not born by quiet seas". This remains relevant during the period 
under review as Brazil fared through rough seas especially as a result of the pandemic – like many 
other countries around the globe, nevertheless, it has managed to keep the wheel  turning and 
direction of its economy and reform pointed in the right direction.  
3.5.  The reform agenda carried out since the previous review has certainly contributed to this result. 
However, going through some material on Brazil while preparing, I could not h elp feel that 
expectations from Brazil are quite high. But as we all know, no matter how technically sound, reforms 
are always politically driven, not an easy task in a vibrant and large democracy like Brazil. For 
technical gurus, these are always too slow  and too little! Brazil has been on a path of steady reforms 
since the 1990s, when it was one of the early movers in granting autonomy to its Central Bank, 
amongst other reforms to privati ze and liberali ze its economy. Brazil has also a demonstrated abilit y 
to undertake huge programs successfully, a clear indicator of strong public institutions: the globally 
exemplified, Bolsa  Familia program me that brought out 25  million people over the poverty line, 
being a case in point.  
3.6.  Amongst the top 15  economies glob ally, Brazil remains a top destination for investments, an 
important trading partner for many countries as it is home to about half of the South America 's 
population and wealth. Brazil is resource rich, that has historically been a curse for some countries  
as well and that needs to be learnt from. However, Brazil is rich in human capital as well. Its natural 
endowment, including the Amazon forest and its biodiversity are irreplaceable assets not just for 
Brazil but the whole world. So , Brazilian Government policies are clearly of immense interest to the 
global community.  
3.7.  Allow me to first layout the context of the period under review.  
3.8.  Brazil was on a recovery path from the 2015 -16 recession through a comprehensive reform 
agenda. However, the global trade ref lected a gloomy outlook due to trade disputes, increasing trade 
barriers, tighter financial conditions, slowdown in domestic investments, uncertainty resulting in 
lesser long -term spending, geopolitical tensions, social unrest, and intensifying climate ris ks. 
The UN SG 2019 report raised similar concerns over the sustainability of global economic growth in 
the face of rising financial, social and environmental challenges. Unfortunately, while these issues 
were enough for putting a break to development effor ts, the COVID pandemic added an additional 
and thick layer of challenges.  
3.9.  Thus, today 's discussion must factor in all these issues and challenges while evaluating the 
policy decisions taken by Brazilian Government and their impact domestically and internat ionally. 
This approach will give a more relevant context to the various policy decisions the Government took 
in order to grow the economy while grappling with underlying structural and economic challenges 
as well as the health emergency.  
3.10.  The various reform s during the period under review mainly addressed productivity and 
business environment.  
3.11.  To address productivity issues, various reforms were undertaken in the labour market, in 
financial management, and in the areas of governance and trade enhancement.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  3.12.  Within the financial sector, several reforms were introduced with a view to bring in efficiency, 
stability , and inclusiveness. The Central Bank (BCB) has been given technical and operational 
autonomy with a mandate to guarantee price stability. The introduct ion of the "Open banking" policy 
for banks and insurances was aimed at increasing competition in the financial sector. Among the 
reforms were the implementation of the instant electronic payment system (PIX) which has seen 
transfers and payments increase m ultiple times; the authorization of fintech credits and payment 
institutions to operate in Brazil; the introduction of the Controlled Testing Environment for Financial 
and Payment Innovations (BCB Sandbox) to assess financial innovations within the Nationa l Financial 
System (SFN) and the Brazilian Payments System; (SPB) and lastly the continued strengthening of 
financial education.  
3.13.  The financial markets underwent profound transformation: direct lending rates were aligned 
with market rates. The benchmark int erest rates, the SELIC, were lowered gradually from 17% in 
January  2017 to a historic low of 2% in 2020 to cope with global economic deceleration caused by 
the pandemic.  
3.14.  Labour and capital being key drivers of growth of the economy, labour market regulator y 
reforms have been undertaken to address unemployment and to create jobs. Furthermore, pension 
reform carried out since 2019 made amendments to the retirement ages and minimum contribution 
for workers in the private and public sectors.  
3.15.  Another major and n otable step forward is the privatization of state -owned enterprises. 
To stimulate the economy by attracting new investors and promoting competition in the domestic 
market, the Government put privatization as one of its key priority agenda. Two  SOEs were 
privatized: Eletrobras and Codesa. Divestments were carried out on SOEs operating in the energy 
sector. Eletrobras, is one of Latin  America 's largest power companies, accounting for 28 % of Brazil 's 
power generation and 40 % of its transmission lines and it ha s been privatized through capitalization 
(i.e. issuance of new shares). Interestingly, Codesa is the first privatization of a public port in Brazil.  
3.16.  A noteworthy point here is the commitment of the Government to liberalize the natural gas 
and oil refinery markets. The Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) through 
cease -and-desist agreements (settlements), secured divestiture commitments from the state -owned 
enterprise (SOE) Petrobras.  
3.17.  During the period under review, Brazil has addressed its challenges related to the complexity 
of its rules and regulations. The first step was the initiation of regulatory reforms for their 
simplification, for increased transparency to encourage trade.  
3.18.  The Economic Freedom Law of 2019 aims at facilitating entrepreneurship and development 
by providing greater administrative simplification for easing the business environment, clearer rules, 
and increased competitiveness.  
3.19.  While the Business Environment Law o f 2021 seeks to simplify the opening and operation of 
companies in Brazil, it aims to facilitate entrepreneurship in the country by promoting simplification, 
legal certainty and reduced bureaucracy. It ensures the protection of minority shareholders, 
facilitates foreign trade, the Integrated Asset Recovery System (Sira), the charges made by 
professional councils, the profession of public translator and interpreter, on obtaining electricity, on 
corporate reduction of bureaucracy, and procedural acts.  
3.20.  As a r esult of various initiatives to ease business, investment increased over the review period 
stabilized somewhat and has started increasing.  
3.21.  The creation of the "single window" for investors or Direct Investments Ombudsman (DIO) 
office in 2019 is another ma jor step to facilitate foreign investment. It supports and guides investors 
to navigate their way through the legal and administrative procedures. It also recommends solutions 
to their grievances (Policy Advocacy); and proposes possible improvements.  
3.22.  To fu rther boost investments, foreign companies' direct participation in government 
procurement bidding was eased; the replacement of previous bilateral investment, promotion, and 
protection agreements signed between 1994 and 1999 by the cooperation and facilit ation investment WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  agreements (CFIAs) has continued during the period under review as well as the conclusion of 
treaties to avoid double taxation.  
3.23.  Similar reforms with respect to customs procedures have resulted in reducing port clearance 
times. The average  customs clearance time for imports across all Brazilian entry points went from 
34.16  hours in 2016 down to 15.32  hours in 2021.  
3.24.  The implementation of the Single Window Programme under the TFA launched in 2014 
continued during the period under review as Br azil persisted in streamlining its foreign trade 
formalities.  
3.25.  Increasing transparency and addressing corruption are key for both foreign investors and 
domestic businesses to support and promote economic activities, through bringing down the cost of 
doing b usiness. Brazil's Inter -Agency Committee for Combating Corruption (CICC) released its 
National Anti -Corruption Strategy 2021 -25 to strengthen accountability, to detect and prevent 
corruption. Furthermore, the national competition authority, the Administrat ive Council for Economic 
Defense (CADE), implemented several initiatives aimed at enhancing transparency and service 
delivery through digital means.  
3.26.  Other regulatory and institutional improvements include the approval of the mandate for the 
preparation of the Action Plan on Responsible Business Conduct (2020), and the revision of the 
operational setting of the National Investment Committee (CONINV) within the scope of the Foreign 
Trade Chamber (CAMEX) of the Ministry of Economy (2019). The legal and institu tional frameworks 
for the protection of intellectual property (IP) rights were modified. The Intellectual Property 
Inter-Ministerial Group (GIPI), established in July  2019, became responsible for IP policy 
formulation. Several legislative amendments affect ing IP protection were enacted and they are 
related to patents, utility models, and trademarks systems. Industrial Property Law (IPL) were 
amended notably on the duration of the protection which has been increased from the former law 
as well as to clarify the compulsory licensing. New National Plan to Combat Piracy for the period 
2022-25 has been approved in order to enforce IP protection.  
3.27.  While services continue to be the dominant sector, the shares of both agriculture and mining 
in GDP rose mainly due to increased commodity prices.  
3.28.  Pursuant to the various structural reforms, trade and trade -related legislation was passed in 
several areas including trade facilitation, anti -dumping, state enterprises, public procurement, 
taxation, tax refunds (Reintegra), in tellectual property rights, automotive, and digital marketing.  
3.29.  Agriculture policies were developed pursuant to the Pluriannual Planning (PPA) 2020 -23. In 
line with the PPA, the Agricultural and Livestock Plan 2021 -22 or Plano Safra developed its policies 
under four main pillars: sustainability, family farming, investments, and agricultural insurance; in 
order to promote sustainability and supporting small farmers.  
3.30.  Brazil has various support mechanisms in place and during the period under review it 
introduce d the 2021 Feed Brazil program me (Programa Alimenta Brasil) replacing the previous 
program me of acquisition of agricultural products from family farming. This program me through the 
purchase of products aimed at ensuring food security, promoting actions rel ated to nutrition and 
building stocks.  
3.31.  Support provided to the agriculture sector consists mainly of agricultural or rural credit at 
administered and preferential interest rates and target both commercial and small -scale family 
farms. Expansion of the mar ket access for agricultural products were pursued through bilateral 
engagements. Clearly, developing countries have much to learn from the Brazilian experience in 
agriculture.  
3.32.  Brazil has undertaken a number of measures and reforms in the review period in various 
areas of the economy including mining, the energy sector – more prominently enunciating a biofuels 
policy – maritime transport, communications generally , and so on and s o forth – as spelt out in 
detail in the TPR  reports, so not repeating here. Suffice it to say that the thrust of these reforms is 
for modernization of the sectors and to make them competitive and investment friendly.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  3.33.  Banking on its trade led growth model, Brazil took various measures to enhance its 
international trade and develop its industries.  
3.34.  Brazil took several measures to facilitate and reduce hurdles impacting imports. It continued 
to streamline trade procedures and upgrade the Integrated Foreign Trad e System (Siscomex) 
through the implementation of its Single Window System launched since 2014. Amongst these 
measures were the elimination of the Registry of Exporters and Importers (REI) and the Integrated 
System of Trade in Foreign Services, Intangible Assets and Other Operations (Siscoserv), the 
increased use of the single import declaration (DUIMP) which is now make 30% imports value.  
3.35.  Non-preferential rules of origin have been expanded and its verification system has been 
updated.  
3.36.  Further measures to r educe trade barriers were the elimination of the import duties on certain 
aeronautical goods, the reduction of imports tariffs on more than 1,000  products and the and the 
reduction to zero all tariffs below 2% duties. The conversion of all tariff line whic h are all bound in 
ad valorem  contributes for more transparency in its trading system.  
3.37.  Rules for trade remedies pursuant to the amendment in the framework and transformation of 
its institutional setting were eased. Imports licensing procedures were streaml ined and requirements 
have been eased. The system for export licensing implemented in 2018 was gradually rolled out for 
import licensing in order to support for multiple operations per licence, differentiated licence validity 
periods, and use of the licenc e by different branches of the same company.  
3.38.  Furthermore, rules allowing foreign entry in air transportation and banking have been eased.  
3.39.  Brazil has in place various schemes to support its industries.  
3.40.  Support to the industry such as the draw back scheme ha s been updated for transparency 
and efficiency and compliance. Legal framework for export processing zones (EPZs) has also been 
updated facilitating the creation of EPZs.  
3.41.  Export promotion targets primarily SMEs in order to increase the participation into t he 
international value chain, fostering innovation, design and technology transfer, and encouraging the 
use of "sociobiodiverse" resources.  
3.42.  Two export taxes meant for ensuring supply to the domestic market and to control regularity 
of trade flows were term inated.  
3.43.  The support system for export related financing PROEX underwent reform for efficiency. Its 
legal framework has been amended and consolidated.  
3.44.  Various schemes and assistances are in place, however, the government expenditure on 
incentive and suppor t programmes (excluding forgone revenue) went from 0.33% of the GDP 
in 2017 down to 0.14% in 2021.  
3.45.  Pursuant to the Economic Freedom Rights legislation, the regulatory approval methods by the 
National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO)  have been updated for efficiency: 
cutting red tape and simplification of rules.  
3.46.  Brazil has implemented major reforms in its competition policy pursuant to the OECD review 
and recommendations. Further efforts were made towards the formalization of internat ional 
cooperation on competition policy. CADE has 21  non-binding technical cooperation agreements with 
overseas competition authorities and international organizations.  
3.47.  To complement its international trade policy, Brazil pursued and strengthened its regio nal and 
economic integration through MERCOSUR and Latin American Integration Association (LAIA/ALADI) 
RTAs. Four  RTAs outside the region were also concluded and implemented. Signature and ratification 
of two RTAs with the European  Union and the European Free Trade Association and negotiation of 
other agreements are ongoing.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  3.48.  Equally to its key role globally, Brazil is an active Member at the WTO. It has stated that the 
multilateral trading system is a priority in Brazil's foreign trade policy, hen ce its active participation 
and engagement in several committees to support the strengthening of the multilateral system. 
Brazil continues to pursue the development agenda even if it has unilaterally decided to forego its 
special and differential treatment  in WTO negotiations in 2019. Brazil 's commitment to transparency 
has been demonstrated by its impressive track record on notifications. Brazil has been advocating 
to restore the two -tier adjudication function of the WTO and is an active participant of the  MPIA. 
Brazil has been working actively for reforms in agreement of agriculture and is a fellow member of 
the Cairns group that promotes fair trade in agriculture.  
3.49.  Brazil has expanded its WTO commitments with its accession to the WTO  Agreement  on 
Governme nt Procurement (GPA) and its application to join the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft 
in June  2022.  
3.50.  On a personal note , I would like to acknowledge the tremendous intellectual leadership 
provided by the Brazilian delegation in Geneva under Ambassador A lexandre  Parola and many here 
will miss his reflective and "philosophical " interventions.  
3.51.  The reforms Brazil has carried out during the period under review are noteworthy, given the 
global difficulties we all faced in this period, and that Brazil was espec ially hit hard by COVID. Most 
of these reforms were in line with the recommendations from the international fora, thus signalling 
the strong commitment of the Government for its development and growth to be aligned with its 
international obligations and go od practices and its objective to use trade as its engine of growth.  
3.52.  Notwithstanding all the efforts so far, pursuing its objectives for sustainable growth will 
require the Government to further address its multi -layered system of governance, where federal , 
state-level and city -level authorities all have significant legislative power; its taxation system, to 
continue the reforms already made on privatization, to take further steps on competition, on 
facilitating trade and investments, on tackling infrastruc ture deficiencies, and on education as means 
to contribute to the reduce social inequalities. Efficiency in the various support mechanisms would 
contribute and play significant role to bolster productiv ity. 
3.53.  Furthermore, coordination between the levels of G overnment will help to advance the 
development and implementation of strategic policies. While the ease of doing business has been 
improved, the reduction in cost of doing business needs to be further addressed.  
3.54.  To stimulate the economy further actions to promote economic competitiveness, to increase 
the participation of the private sector and to further facilitate investment may also be considered. 
Special consideration may be given to the services sector which has a large potential for growth. 
Furthermore , while pursuing its sustainable growth and raising living standards, Brazil would need 
to strike a balance between the measures for its development and its impacts at the international 
level as Brazil remains a major global player.  
3.55.  It is noteworthy to poi nt out that some of these necessary reforms are already on the agenda, 
especially the reforms on taxation; the 2021 tax reform proposal and the proposed constitutional 
amendment aimed at a comprehensive tax reform of consumption taxes on is part of an ongo ing 
discussion at the Congress.  
3.56.  Let me conclude by saying that the Government took bold actions to pursue its growth 
especially due to plethora of exogenous challenges it faced including the pandemic. There are 
however some remaining challenges to strength en the economy for a sustained growth.  
3.57.  The last comment from someone who represents a country high up on the climate change 
vulnerability list.  I believe the world welcomes Brazil 's recent announcement to protect the 
rainforest. But the world needs to find  the right incentives for Brazil and its people to persist in this 
policy. And for Brazil and the world to find sustainable ways of exploiting its natural endowments.  
3.58.  I really look forward for a fruitful exchange and discussions with Members .  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
OMAN  
4.1.  It is a great pleasure for the delegation of the Sultanate of Oman to participate in the 
eighth Trade Policy Review of Brazil and we join other WTO Members in welcoming H.E.  Minister 
Fernando Meirelles de Azevedo Pimentel, Direct or of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of 
Foreign Affairs and his distinguished delegation.  
4.2.  I would like to take this opportunity to thank the WTO  Secretariat and the Government of Brazil 
for their detailed and comprehensive Trade Policy Review reports. I also thank the discussant 
Dr Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the WTO.  
4.3.  The Sultanate of Oman and Brazil enjoy a friendly relationship which has been strengthened in 
recent years. Brazilian – Omani relations focus on peace and security policy, economic affairs, and 
sustainable development. A special emphasis is placed on promoting stability at the international 
level.  
4.4.  In May  2022, Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry received a high -level Brazilian 
economic delegation headed by Mr  Flavio  Augusto  Rocha, Minister of Strategic Affairs of the Republic 
of Brazil, and a number of officials in government institutions and private companies. Discussions 
were held on several issues that dealt with relations and future work.  
4.5.  Economic data indicate that the trade exchange between the two  countries amounted to about 
USD 2,240 billion in 2021, with both countries pointing to the potential for enhanced trade in a 
number of areas. Brazilian investment in Oman is concentrated in Vale Oman set up in Sohar with 
an investment of more than USD 1 billion. Brazilian exports to the Sultanate of Oman amounted to 
USD 1.546  Billion in 2021, while Omani exports to Brazil during the same year amounted to about 
USD 692 million.  
4.6.  Oman congratulates Brazil for efforts undertaken to improve economic fundamentals and 
strengthen macroeconomic resilience. Brazil's annual GDP growth rate bounced back to an estimated 
4.6% in 2021 as a result of timely adopted support measures.  
4.7.  Brazil's openness to international trade and its integration into the world economy continued 
to be reflected by the ratio of the country's trade (exports plus imports) in goods and services to 
GDP, which rose significantly from 24.3% in 2017 to 39.2% in 202 1 due to an increase of both 
exports and imports in 2020 and 2021.  
4.8.  Oman would like also to commend Brazil which took during the review period several steps to 
improve the business climate via regulatory (e.g. the 2021 New Business Environment Law) . 
4.9.  Brazil  is a founding Member of the WTO and participates actively in the Organization activities 
in general as well as in different negotiations ' issues.  
4.10.  We would like to thank the delegation of Brazil in advance for their replies to our questions 
on specific asp ects of its trade policy.  
4.11.  To conclude, the delegation of Oman wishes the delegation of Brazil a very successful eighth 
Trade Policy Review.  
THAILAND   
4.12.  It is my pleasure to participate in the eighth  Trade Policy Review of Brazil and we would like 
to join Oma n in welcoming delegation of Brazil led by H.E.  Minister Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo 
Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  
4.13.  I also would like to express my sincere thanks for the briefing by Dr  Muhammad Muj taba 
Piracha of Pakistan and for his thorough examination of the Brazilian Trade Policy Report. We also 
thank the Government of Brazil and the WTO Secretariat for preparing such comprehensive reports.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.14.  Trade relation between Thailand and Brazil has continue d to grow despite the challenges of 
geographical distance and the COVID -19 pandemic. Brazil is Thailand's number one  trading partner 
in Latin  America while Thailand is Brazil's number three  trading partner in ASEAN, with bilateral 
merchandise trade valued at USD 5.3 billion  in 2021, increasing by 44.6% from the previous year. 
While the main products Thailand exported to Brazil are automobiles and parts, rubber and its 
products, machinery and equipment, and plastics. It is important to highlight that Thailan d imports 
soybean, which is important for animal feed, from Brazil approximately 83% of Thailand 's total 
imports of the product.  
4.15.  In this respect, Thailand and Brazil are very important strategic partner in terms of the 
agricultural sector. Also, I would li ke to highlight a few issues that I have observed in the Brazil 's 
development of trade policy which is partly drawn from the Report.  
4.16.  First of all, I would like to highlight characteristics that Thailand and Brazil have in common. 
Both countries are largel y agriculture -based and are upper middle -income country with abundant 
natural resources and agricultural raw materials. Agricultural sector continues to play an important 
role in both countries in terms of economic development, trade, employment, and livel ihood of a 
large number of population. Another issue which I would like to highlight is that Brazil 's advancement 
in agricultural technology, including its ethanol production from sugarcane, and sustainable 
agricultural practices would provide an opportuni ty for bilateral future cooperation and knowledge 
sharing which will benefit green and sustainable development in line with Thailand 's national agenda 
on bio -circular -green economy (BCG) model. In my view, even though we are competing in the 
same sectors and have similar aspirations, I would rather wish to see our bilateral relations in terms 
of greater cooperation in the future, rather than being competitive. One thing we can do is to 
strengthen the rules in the respective sectors such as agricult ure, environment, and bio economy in 
the future. We look forward to having greater cooperation in this area.  
4.17.  Secondly, Thailand welcomes Brazil 's efforts in structural reforms aiming to diversify 
production, increase productivity, and improve business envi ronment. From the last review, we are 
broadly satisfied and applaud the progress made by Brazil. However, I would like to highlight a few 
issues that Thailand will continue to monitor closely on Brazil 's development.  
• The first area concerns Brazil 's tarif f regime. As is the case with Brazil 's last TPR in July  2017, 
the simple average rate for dutiable lines increased from 12.6% in 2017 to 14% in 
April 2022. Additionally, it has still been observed that Brazil 's tariff regime still has high 
binding coverage , large tariff binding overhangs, and very few products bound at zero tariffs. 
We hope that if Brazil can undertake measures to close the gap in specific areas, they would 
help greatly improve trade predictability and business climate as well as internatio nal 
competitiveness in line with policy reform.  
• Moreover, Thailand has been following closely the development of the policies of Brazil, it 
could also be observed that there has been a shift in sectors favoured by Brazil 's trade policy 
from chemicals to mo tors and other manufactures which would have an impact on our 
competitiveness. Again, I would hope that we would strengthen rules in the respective areas 
where both countries are major trading partners.  
4.18.  Brazil has always been an immense contributor to the WTO, both in the regular work, 
especially in transparency and compliance with notification requirements, and various negotiations 
particularly on agriculture and fisheries subsidies. We have worked closely with Brazil as an active 
member of Cairns Group. Also, Brazil has been active in various joint initiatives.  
4.19.  Thailand would like to continue working closely with Brazil. We also thank Brazil for responding 
to our questions and we will study them with great interests. In closing, Thailand appreciates the 
opportunity to participate in the eighth  TPR of Brazil today  where we have learn t enormously about 
the latest development of Brazil 's trade and economic policies. Thailand wishes Brazil every success 
in its eight Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  GUATEMALA  
4.20.  En nombre de Guatemala, damos la más cordial bienvenida a la delegació n de Brasil, 
encabezada por el Sr.  Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director del Departamento de 
Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, así como al equipo destacado en Ginebra, 
con quienes hemos tenido el gusto de trabajar de ce rca en estos años. Saludamos también al 
personal que ha viajado desde la capital.  
4.21.  Guatemala reconoce la acuciosa investigación de la Secretaría de la OMC, reflejada en el 
informe preparado en el marco de este examen. Su contenido describe con visión amplia  y completa 
del entorno económico y los avances en los últimos años, de las políticas comerciales implementadas 
por Brasil . Agradecemos también a l Presidente del Órgano de Políticas Comerciales por sus palabras 
introductorias, así como al Embajador Muhamma d Mujtaba Piracha, Representante Permanente de 
Pakistán ante la OMC, por el completo enfoque analítico que en su calidad de ponente, ha compartido 
con nosotros en esta sesión.  
4.22.  Las relaciones entre Guatemala y Brasil se basan en lazos de amistad y apoyo mu tuo. En el 
ámbito comercial, a diciembre de 2021, el flujo anual de comercio entre nuestros dos países ascendió 
a más de US D 369 millones. Los principales productos que Guatemala exporta a Brasil son 
insecticidas, fungicidas, desinfectantes, plomo, caucho natural y productos de la industria química. 
En sentido inverso, dentro de los principales brasileños importados a Guatemala, se encuentran las 
máquinas y los aparatos mecánicos para usos electrotécnicos, materiales plásticos y sus 
manufacturas y vehículos  y material de transporte.  
4.23.  En la OMC, ambos formamos parte del G20 y el Grupo Cairns coaliciones de Miembros de esta 
Organización en las que hemos podido profundizar nuestros intercambios, con miras a lograr un 
balance en el comercio agrícola internaciona l. Así como en otras iniciativas conjuntas en diversos 
temas como facilitación de inversiones, mipymes y comercio electrónico.  
4.24.  Si bien nuestro comercio bilateral ha sido estable y ha aumentado progresivamente en la 
última década, consideramos que existe u n importante potencial para poder incrementar los 
intercambios de mercancías y servicios.  
4.25.  En relación con la revisión de las políticas comerciales de Brasil que hoy se realiza, 
observamos que, durante el período estudiado, se llevaron a cabo importantes in iciativas de reforma, 
con el objetivo de mejorar el entorno empresarial tal es el caso de la nueva Ley del Entorno 
Empresarial de 2021.  
4.26.   Otro aspecto positivo es la apertura que mantiene el país a la inversión extranjera, cuestión 
que se ve reflejada a través de la mayor apertura de nuevos sectores de su economía, así como el 
refuerzo del marco regulatorio.  
4.27.  En el ámbito de la facilitación  del comercio, ha seguido simplificando los trámites de comercio 
exterior y aplicando gradualmente su Programa de Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior .  
4.28.  Reconocemos los esfuerzos emprendidos por Brasil para seguir adelante con la 
implementación de sus pol íticas comerciales y esperamos continuar fortaleciendo nuestros vínculos 
comerciales a nivel bilateral y regional.  
4.29.  Agradecemos también las respuestas a las preguntas planteadas por Guatemala en el marco 
de este examen.  
4.30.  Deseamos a la delegación que hoy los  representa, una exitosa conclusión de su examen de 
políticas comerciales.  
SINGAPORE  
4.31.  Allow me to begin by extending a very warm welcome to the delegation from Brazil, led by 
Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , Fernan do Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel . Singapore would like to thank Brazil for its comprehensive Government Report 
and statement. We would also like to express our appreciation to the Chair, Ambassador Ángel WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  Villalobos (Mexico); the discussant, Ambassador Muha mmad Mujtaba Piracha (Pakistan); and the 
Secretariat for your valuable insights. Allow me to make three points.  
4.32.  First, Singapore would like to commend Brazil for her continued commitment to the 
rules-based multilateral trading system despite global headwi nds caused by the COVID -19 pandemic 
and geopolitical challenges. This is important given that Brazil is a major economy and a key node 
in global trade. Brazil 's economy is making a sustained recovery to pre -pandemic levels, with 
improved employment rates a nd restoration of business and consumer confidence.  
4.33.  We note that Brazil has moderni zed and improved its trade and business infrastructure since 
its last Trade Policy Review in 2017. During the period under review, Brazil has progressively sought 
to reduce  non-tariff barriers to trade through simplifying regulations, increasing transparency and 
encouraging the use of digital tools and services. For example, Brazil has upgraded its Single Window 
Programme through greater consolidation of services and require d documents and presenting more 
options for digital submission. These improvements have created significant time and cost savings 
for exporters and importers.  
4.34.  Over the past four decades, by embracing free trade, foreign direct investment and new 
technolog ies, Brazil has successfully transformed itself from being a net importer of food to one of 
the largest exporters of agricultural products in the world, and has the potential to contribute 
positively to global food security. Singapore has benefited from th is, with Brazil being the single 
largest supplier of meat (beef, chicken, and pork) to Singapore.  
4.35.  Second, Singapore and Brazil enjoy excellent and long -standing political and economic 
relations. Brazil is Singapore 's biggest trading partner in Latin  Ameri ca. In 2021, our bilateral trade 
in goods reached its highest level ever, growing by 42% year -on-year to a value of US D 5.4 billion. 
Singapore and Brazil are also strengthening collaboration in technology and digital innovation. 
Singapore companies such as  AI solution providers CrayonData and ViSenze have established offices 
in Brazil. Additionally, there are ongoing efforts between Brazilian and Singaporean companies to 
co-create innovative technology -driven solutions. An example is Brazilian start -up Agte ch Garage, 
which is helping to accelerate and incubate innovative Singapore start -ups in the agri -business  
sector. Brazil 's booming e -sports ecosystem has also provided many opportunities for Singapore 
companies to be involved in streaming and platform development. At a regional level, the 
MERCOSUR and Singapore have substantially completed FTA negotiations, and I am confident that 
our ec onomic relations will continue to grow from strength to strength upon its entry into force.  
4.36.  Third, on the multilateral front, Brazil has played an influential and constructive role at 
the WTO. Apart from its many outstanding diplomats, the sixth Director -General of the WTO 
Roberto  Azevêdo hailed from Brazil. Singapore shares Brazil 's commitment to ensuring that the WTO 
remains fit -for-purpose to address the challenges of today and tomorrow, and we are active 
participants in the various Joint Statement Init iatives (JSIs) and the Trade and Environmental 
Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD). We welcome Brazil 's on-going accession to the 
Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) and encourage Brazil to complete the accession 
procedures expeditiously. As t he first Latin American Member to seek accession to the GPA, Brazil 's 
accession will send a strong signal of the importance of establishing open, fair and transparent 
conditions of competition in government procurement processes.  
4.37.  In closing, Singapore loo ks forward to working closely with colleagues at the Permanent 
Mission of Brazil in Geneva to strengthen our bilateral ties as well as further contribute to the 
continued success of the WTO. I wish Brazil every success for its eighth Trade Policy Review. F inally, 
on a more personal note, I wish to register my appreciation to Ambassador Alexandre Parola, who 
has just completed his assignment as Brazil 's Permanent Representative to the WTO. Alexandre was 
a wonderful friend, a reliable colleague, and a support er of the WTO.  
AUSTRALIA  
4.38.  Welcome to Mr  Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel . Thank you, Ambassador Piracha for 
your efforts as discussant, and to the Secretariat for preparing its Report. In his absence, we also 
wanted to express our delegation 's gratitu de to Ambassador Parola for his energy and leadership 
over his years in Geneva.   WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.39.  Brazil 's contribution to the global trading system and to the WTO is indispensable, built on a 
recognition of the role open markets and free trade can play in delivering incl usive development. 
Brazil 's leadership is reflected in its contribution to rulemaking, including as a constructive participant 
in all four Joint Statement Initiatives and as the first Latin  American Member seeking to accede to 
the Government Procurement Ag reement. It is also reflected in Brazil 's commitment to ensuring the 
enforceability of the rules, as a party to the Multi -Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Mechanism and 
active participant in dispute settlement reform discussions.  
4.40.  Nowhere is Brazilian lead ership at the WTO more evident than in agriculture. Brazil and 
Australia share a strong commitment to meaningful agricultural trade reform, including to level the 
playing field in agriculture and to advance environment and food security outcomes. The failu re to 
reach consensus at MC12 on agriculture highlighted the need to work together to reshape and 
reinvigorate discussions. We know that we can count on Brazil to continue to play a leading role as 
we work to build a global consensus on agricultural trade reform.  
4.41.  Australia also looks forward to continuing to deepen our bilateral relationship with Brazil, 
which has strengthened since the last Trade Policy Review. As both our countries look to diversify 
markets, there are opportunities to deepen investment and commer cial ties in key growth sectors 
such as renewable energy and green hydrogen, noting Brazil 's ambitious transition to renewable 
energy. We welcome the opportunity for further engagement on clean energy regulatory issues 
including hydrogen certification and emissions accounting.  
4.42.  Australia acknowledges the severe impact of the COVID -19 pandemic on Brazil 's economy 
and were pleased to see rebounding growth in 2021. Australia welcomes the measures undertaken 
by Brazil to improve trade and global supply chains an d promote best practise to boost agricultural 
production, to counter protectionism in agricultural trade.   
4.43.  Australia has submitted several written questions as part of this review and looks forward to 
receiving Brazil 's response. We wish Brazil well in th is Trade Policy Review and look forward to 
continuing to cooperate with Brazil here at the WTO and elsewhere.  
CANADA  
4.44.  Canada joins other WTO Members in welcoming the Brazilian delegation headed by the 
Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr  Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel. We are very pleased to participate in this eight Trade Policy Review. We thank  
the Government of Brazil, in particular those who have joined from capital, the WTO Secretariat for 
the reports, a nd of course, my colleague, Ambassador Piracha for your insights as discussant.  
4.45.  I would like to begin by acknowledging Brazil 's significant efforts towards improving economic 
fundamentals and strengthening macroeconomic resilience. The period for this Trad e Policy Review 
has been extremely taxing for all. Nevertheless, Brazil has managed to undertake trade -related 
structural reforms to boost productivity, potential growth, and living standards in several areas, 
which have attracted private investment into t ransportation, energy, and water and sewage, and 
are expected to generate additional infrastructure investment in the coming years.  These are all 
good things.  
4.46.  We are pleased to see Brazil 's efforts in digitalization of processes, which contributes to red 
tape reduction and rationalization of trade regulations in key sectors such as sanitation , this is an 
area that has been highlighted in past TPRs and so we commend Brazil for the efforts towards 
reform.  A special mention to Brazil 's new public procurement law enacted in 2021 that prohibits 
discriminatory treatment between national and foreign suppliers.  
4.47.  However, Brazil 's recent policy choices raise concern in key areas. The recent approval of 
PEC 1/2022 for example, while in the short -term contributing to fight the effects of inflation, may 
have the opposite impact when its temporary tax reductions and benefits cease, if not transitioned 
according to a new framework in January  2023. Pending definitions regarding Brazil 's intellectual 
prope rty rules also impact foreign trade and hamper investor confidence.  
4.48.  Moreover, despite promising initiatives and progress, Brazil still presents significant 
challenges for companies wishing to do business in the country. The need for effective and timely WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  implementation of a significant tax reform in Brazil and further reduction of regulatory burden on 
businesses remain key concerns to Canada, as well as closing infrastructure gaps. Canada is also 
particularly keen in seeing ratification of our bilateral air  transportation agreement with Brazil 
happen soon, as it has been pending since the agreement was signed in August  2011.  
4.49.  With respect to Brazil's participation at the WTO, I would like to note Brazil's good overall 
notification and transparency record. I w ould also like to underscore, as many have, the inspirational 
participation of our dear friend Alexandre  Parola, who is off to, I will not sa y "greener pastures" in 
Paris,  this is the greenest pasture of them all, but I would just like to take a moment to really 
underscore the impact that Alexandre had as Ambassador here. I arrived only in mid -August  was 
told about how impactful he  is and his leadership has been in this house , before I arrived and saw 
it in spades in the three short months that I was able t o work with him, so I would really like to 
underscore that , and we look forward to continued collaboration and work with the Brazilian 
delegation here in Geneva going forward.   
4.50.  We also look  forward to continu ing collaboration with Brazil in the JSIs on E-commerce, on 
Services Domestic Regulation, and on Investment Facilitation for Development, as well as in the 
MSMEs and Trade and Gender informal working groups and in the Trade and Environmental 
Sustainability Structured Discussions  for which Canada co -sponsors. We also welcome Brazil 's 
application to join the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft.  
4.51.  In conclusion, I would like to again commend Brazil for its very productive efforts during a 
very challenging period. We have submitted questions on some of the t hemes I have touched upon 
and have already received responses which we will review. We look forward to a constructive 
exchange of views on all aspects of Brazil 's trade policy. We wish the delegation the utmost success 
during this review.  
MÉXICO  
4.52.  México da la más cordial bienvenida a la delegación de Brasil, encabezada por el Ministro 
Fernando  Meirelles de Azevedo Pimentel, Director del Departamento de Política Comercial del 
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Asimismo, mi delegación agradece al Dr.  Muhammad Mujtaba 
Piracha, Embajador de Pakistán, por su puntual análisis.  
4.53.  Quisiera aprovechar la oportunidad para reconocer la muy activa labor de la Misión de Brasil, 
así como agradecer a la Secretaría de la OMC por la elaboración de su informe.  
4.54.  México y Brasil gozamos de estrechos lazos de hermandad que se extienden al área comercial. 
Contamos con tres Acuerdo s de Complementación Económica (ACE), así como varios acuerdos 
regionales que rigen nuestro intercambio comercial preferencial, todos en el marco de la Asociación 
Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI), y también con acuerdos en materia de turismo, comerci o 
y medio ambiente. Gracias a estos acuerdos y a la inversión entre los dos países, cada vez son 
mayores y más importantes las oportunidades para que empresas mexicanas logren expandir sus 
operaciones en Brasil y viceversa.  
4.55.  Brasil es el primer socio comerc ial de México en América  Latina y el Caribe y el décimo socio 
comercial a nivel mundial, con un comercio en 2021 de más de USD 12.000 millones de dólares.  
4.56.  Al igual que la tendencia observada en diversas economías en el mundo entero, Brasil vio su 
crecimien to económico frenado por la pandemia del COVID -19. Sin embargo, durante el periodo del 
examen, el Gobierno brasileño  adoptó reformas estructurales con el objetivo de impulsar la 
productividad, la innovación, y el crecimiento, las cuales seguramente le ayud aran en la recuperación 
económica, aunque ésta no vendrá sin retos, como son el desequilibrio fiscal y las presiones 
inflacionarias.  
4.57.  El informe de la Secretaría señala que, la apertura comercial de Brasil y su integración en la 
economía mundial se refleja en el aumento considerable del comercio de bienes y servicios en 
relación al PIB, pasando de 24,3% en 2017 al 39,2% en 2021, lo que incluye crecimiento aún en 
medio de la pandemia. Asimismo, esta mayor apertura se constata en su estrategia de concluir 
acuerdos de "nueva generación" más profundos con otras economías, los que se suman a los WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  concertados con sus socios latinoamericanos tradicionales, aunque aún es poca la integración de 
Brasil al mundo.  
4.58.  También es importante destacar su baja participación en la s cadenas de valor mundial y el 
incremento de su participación progresiva pero una disminución de su participación regresiva.  
4.59.  Un punto de preocupación para México es el complejo régimen tributario interno del Brasil, 
que el mismo informe de la Secretaría r econoce que afecta particularmente al trato de los bienes y 
servicios importados. El que las transacciones internas y transfronterizas estén sujetas a varios 
gravámenes federales y subfederales no solo crea mayores costos para los exportadores a Brasil y 
la posibilidad de que esos impuestos sean objeto de acumulación cruzada, sino también genera 
ineficiencia en el sistema. A ello se suman las medidas administrativas y los obstáculos no 
arancelarios.  
Ligado a esto se encuentra la gran complejidad que produce  el sistema de derogaciones individuales 
y excepciones de las cuales Brasil se beneficia dentro del MERCOSUR. El bloque no ha logrado 
avanzar hacia la meta de lograr homogenizar los procedimientos tributarios y aduaneros lo cual 
genera incertidumbre y mayo res costos para los operadores económicos. Alentamos a Brasil a 
redoblar esfuerzos con sus contrapartes del MERCOSUR para lograr un arancel externo común.  
4.60.  México comparte con Brasil el compromiso de preservar y fortalecer el sistema multilateral 
de comerci o basado en normas en el que la OMC ocupe un lugar central. En ese sentido:  
a) México felicita a Brasil por sus esfuerzos en materia de facilitación del comercio, entre los 
que ha continuado simplificando los trámites de comercio exterior y mejorando su Siste ma 
Integrado de Comercio Exterior (SISCOMEX) en el marco de su Programa de Ventanilla Única 
de Comercio Exterior. Aplaudimos sus logros en las formalidades de exportación plenamente 
digitalizadas, la modernización del Programa de Operadores Económicos Auto rizados (OEA) 
y la publicación del Estudio sobre el tiempo necesario para el levante. Asimismo, señalamos 
la aspiración de contar con la interoperabilidad de nuestras ventanillas únicas de comercio 
exterior, lo que  sin duda, beneficiará el comercio bilater al disminuyendo costos y tiempos.  
b) También reconocemos a Brasil su esfuerzo para mejorar el sistema brasileño de propiedad 
intelectual, poniendo en marcha su Estrategia Nacional de Propiedad Intelectual (NIPS), que 
ya ha logrado reducir el número de solicit udes de patentes pendientes en un 80%.  
c) Aplaudimos el cumplimiento de Brasil con las obligaciones de transparencia y notificación en 
los diferentes Órganos de la OMC ya que no tiene notificaciones pendientes.  
d) México aprecia la activa participación de Brasil en las negociaciones de las Iniciativas 
Conjuntas sobre el Comercio Electrónico, la Facilitación de las Inversiones para el Desarrollo 
y la Reglamentación Nacional en el ámbito de los Servicios.  
e) En relación al apoyo a las pequeñas e mpresas, entre varias iniciativas, destacan los capítulos 
en acuerdos comerciales regionales dedicados al apoyo a las mipymes en el comercio 
transfronterizo; y la plataforma digital BRAEXP basada en el concepto de "Servicios 
Integrados de Comercio Internac ional para las Mipymes" (ISMIT), es decir, en la 
digitalización y la integración de todos los servicios que posibilitan las exportaciones.  
4.61.  Por otra parte, el informe de la Secretaría señala que Brasil actualizó el proceso de verificación 
del comercio no pr eferencial, alentamos a Brasil a la revisión del proceso de verificación del comercio 
preferencial, que en nuestra experiencia ha resultado en extremo demandante para empresas y 
gobiernos lo que desestimula el comercio al generar excesivos costos adicional es a los operadores 
económicos.  
4.62.  Finalmente, México quisiera reiterar su compromiso con el fortalecimiento de sus relaciones 
comerciales con Brasil. Confiamos que nuestra cooperación logrará ampliar nuestros mercados y 
consolidarnos como socios prioritarios . Agradecemos las respuestas a las preguntas formuladas por 
mi delegación y le deseamos mucho éxito en el presente examen.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  ISRAEL  
4.63.  Israel is pleased to participate in Brazil 's eighth Trade Policy Review at the WTO. We want to 
extend our warm welcome to the Brazilian delegation headed by Minister Fernando  Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 
Finally, yet importantly, we would like to thank Ambassador Dr  Muhammad Mujtaba Pirac ha 
(Pakistan) for his insightful initial remarks.  
4.64.  International trade plays a dominant role in the economies of both of our countries. Brazil is 
Israel 's largest trading partner in Latin  America, and Israel was the first partner to have an FTA with 
MERCOSU R outside of the region. Furthermore, Brazil and Israel have a long -standing cooperation 
and exchanges in the technical, scientific, and technological areas. For instance, ever since the 
1960s, Israeli companies have been involved in irrigation projects in  Brazil.  
4.65.  Brazil and Israel have enjoyed healthy and steady growth in bilateral trade in recent years, 
with two -way trade amounting to more than USD  1.9 billion for 2021, following a growing trend 
expected to remain for 2022. Israeli exports to Brazil are d ominated by fertilizers, chemicals, optical 
and medical apparatus, machinery, and electronic equipment. Brazil 's exports to Israel are 
dominated by meat, minerals, oils, seeds and fruits, cereals, and agricultural products in general.  
4.66.  We believe that ther e is much more potential and value yet to be extracted both ways from 
our trade relations. In addition, nowadays, there is significant activity by Israeli companies operating 
in high -value -added sectors in Brazil, including agrotechnology, water, food and beverage, 
cybersecurity, cleantech, new media, oil and gas, and health.  
4.67.  Today, Brazil is one of the world's largest economies, and as such, Israel believes Brazil can 
be one of the leaders in international trade and investment. In this context, we look fo rward to see 
Brazil continuing to pull its leadership weight in MERCOSUR to help maintain the bloc as a modern 
and outward -looking customs union. We also look forward to deepening our bilateral trade relations 
with Brazil and MERCOSUR within the framework of our FTA.  
4.68.  At the WTO, we work alongside many issues and platforms, multilaterally and plurilaterally. 
For example, we are both actively engaged in the Joint Initiative on E -commerce. Both nations also 
worked hard towards the successful conclusion of the  Joint Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation 
negotiations last year. Another example of collaboration is the joint proposal on horizontal 
transparency we are co -sponsoring along with other Members. Israel would like to note Brazil's high 
commitment to  the WTO. Although we have sometimes had different views on various issues in 
the WTO, we recognize Brazil's constructive role in the Organization with its active participation and 
tabling of discussion papers and proposals.  
4.69.  We also want to point out the p otential benefits Brazil would gain by acceding to the 
Government Procurement Agreement. We understand that the accession process is ongoing, and we 
remain confident this will remain a priority for Brazil. Israel stands ready to assist Brazil on this 
matte r should it wish so.  
4.70.  Israel submitted various questions to Brazil during this exercise, and we look forward to 
reviewing the replies carefully. The areas of interest for Israel include, among others, dispute 
settlement, government procurement, technical a ssistance, RTAs, customs, and trade remedies.  
4.71.  We want to take this opportunity to extend our sincere appreciation to the hard -working team 
in the Mission of Brazil, ably led by H.E.  Mr Alexandre Parola, who will soon be leaving Geneva. We 
wish him every su ccess in his future endeavours.  
4.72.  To conclude, allow me to wish Brazil every success in its eighth Trade Policy Review.  
CHINA   
4.73.  Let me first extend my warm welcome to Minister Fernando Meirelles de Azevedo Pimentel 
and his delegation to the eighth  Trade Polic y Review of Brazil. Allow me to express my gratitude to 
the Secretariat and the Brazilian Government in preparing the reports, and my thanks to you 
Mr Chair and the discussant Ambassador Dr  Muhammad  Mujtaba  Pirach a in facilitating this review.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.74.  China comme nds Brazil 's efforts in strengthening its macroeconomic resilience and adopting 
trade and trade related reforms to boost productivity and raising living standards. Although heavily 
hit by the COVID -19 pandemic and negatively affected by the changes of inte rnational monetary 
policy, Brazil 's average GDP growth during this review period is higher than the figure in the previous 
one. Trade is one of the main factors supporting Brazil 's gradual economic recovery. The ratio of 
trade to GDP reached nearly 40% in 2021, up by 15  percentage points compared with the figure 
in 2017. China underscores Brazil 's openness to international trade, particularly facing multiple 
challenges such as supply chain disruption and increasing food insecurity.  
4.75.  Brazil continues to remain as a breadbasket during the review period. It accounted for 5.2% 
of the world's total agricultural exports in 2020, according to the Secretariat Report. As the world 's 
biggest supplier of soybean, meat and sugarcane, Brazil makes its contributions t o the global supply 
chain security and stability by improving productivity and promoting export.  
4.76.  Brazil remains committed to the multilateral trading system and actively participated in all 
areas of WTO 's work. We commend Brazil 's important contribution i n securing multilateral outcomes 
in MC12 as well as its active participation in the process of WTO reform, especially the efforts and 
contributions of Ambassador Alexandre  Parola and his team in Geneva. As is demonstrated in the 
BRICS  Statement on Strength ening the Multilateral Trading System and Reforming  the WTO, Brazil 
underlines the importance and urgency of restoration of the Appellate  Body and recognizes that 
measures taken to tackle climate change must not constitute disguised restriction on internat ional 
trade.  
4.77.  China notes with pleasure that Brazil participated in all WTO JSIs. As a member of the FIFD 
Group, Brazil plays a leading role in the ongoing negotiations on Investment Facilitation for 
Development, with the aim to conclude the text negotiati ons by the end of this year.  
4.78.  As is stated in the Government Report, intensification of its trade agreements network is one 
of three pillars in Brazil 's trade agenda. China notes that Brazil has concluded several RTAs and 
renewed or started new trade agree ment negotiations with its trading partners. China believes it is 
key to enhance Brazil 's regional integration and export diversification. In this regard, China 
encourages Brazil to play an active role in expanding MERCOSUR RTAs network with major trading 
partners.  
4.79.  Bilaterally, China has been Brazil 's largest trading partner for 13  consecutive years 
since 2009. The total value of imports and exports between the two countries reached a peak of 
USD 164 billion in 2021, registering a year -on-year increase of 36%. China remains the largest 
export market and source country of imports for Brazil. Export to China contributes to a large share 
of Brazil 's trade surplus.  
4.80.  Investment cooperation is another driver in our strategic partnership. Brazil remains China 's 
major investment destination in Latin  America, with USD 3.2 billion accumulative FDI by 2020. China 
expects revived investment cooperation as Brazil gradually recovers from the pandemic and 
continues to improve conditions of competition for foreign firms, en hancing predictability and putting 
down bureaucracies.  
4.81.  The two countries also have good collaboration in response to the COVID -19 pandemic. As 
strategic partners and key emerging markets, China will continue to work with Brazil to build an 
open world economy with more inclusiveness and win -win cooperation.  
4.82.  For the purpose of this review, China has submitted written questions to Brazil, covering 
Brazil 's taxation regime, export credit insurance and financing policy, rural insurance and credit as 
well a s trade remedies measures. We thank Brazil for their timely response and will study it carefully.  
4.83.  Finally, I wish the Brazilian delegation a full success of this review.  
ICELAND  
4.84.  It is with pleasure that Iceland welcomes the distinguished delegation of Bra zil to their Trade 
Policy Review, led by Minister Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy 
Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . We also express appreciation to the WTO Secretariat WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  as well as Brazil for the reports prep ared, as well as to the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador 
Dr Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, for the excellent framing of the issues for our discussion today.  
4.85.  First, let me mention the ongoing negotiations towards a comprehensive Free Trade 
Agreement between the four MERCOSUR States, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and the 
four EFTA States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway , and Switzerland. Iceland welcomes the good 
cooperation that has characterized the negotiations and hopes that a solution will be found to t he 
few outstanding issues in order for MERCOSUR and the EFTA countries to start enjoying the economic 
benefits of such an agreement.  
4.86.  As described in the TPR Report Brazil has, since the last TPR five  years ago, made efforts to 
improve their economy. The ac tions taken by the Brazil Government contributed to an increase in 
their GDP in the years before the COVID -19 pandemic. However, as for other Member states Brazil 's 
economy was gravely affected by the health crisis and Iceland welcomes initiatives undertak en by 
the Government to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.  
4.87.  As one of the co -chairs of the Informal Working Group on Trade and Gender, Iceland 
appreciates Brazil 's constructive participation within the WTO on trade and gender.  
4.88.  This work is particularly important in the current global environment. COVID -19 related 
challenges continue to be felt and have been recognized to unevenly impact societies and 
populations. The economic and trade impacts of the pandemic have had a disproportionately ad verse 
impact on women. This is a pattern that sadly also applies to other crisis arising from ongoing 
geopolitical conflicts.  
4.89.  At the MC12 the ministers acknowledged for the first time the importance of addressing 
women 's economic empowerment at the WTO – and recogni zing the positive benefits that it will 
have on our economies.  
4.90.  The sharing of best practices of respective experiences relating to policies and rulemaking on 
advancing women 's economic empowerment is an important element of the work of the Inform al 
Working Group on Trade and Gender.  
4.91.  In the spirit of supporting relevant data gathering in this field, Iceland has submitted in 
advance written questions on the participation of women in the economy of Brazil.  
4.92.  We welcome the replies as the answers will b e useful in gathering best practices in the 
promotion of gender -equality within trade.  
4.93.  Finally, Iceland once again appreciates Brazil 's active participation and firm support to the 
multilateral trading system and its active engagement in the WTO. We wish t he delegations of Brazil 
every success for their Trade Policy Review.  
NORWAY  
4.94.  Norway and Brazil have had a trade -related bilateral relationship since the trade in bacalhau 
and coffee was established around 180  years ago. Norway highly appreciates our longst anding and 
strong bilateral relationship. Brazil is very present in our domestic economy, through exports of raw 
materials and foodstuffs for our local production. And Brazil is a primary recipient of Norwegian 
investments, where the value of accumulated i nvestments is US D 32.5 billion , 71% of that is 
invested in the energy sector. Much of the investments are made by the major Norwegian 
companies, which all found their way to navigate, adapt, grow , and prosper within the Brazilian 
framework of doing busines s. 
4.95.  The potential for further export of Norwegian seafood to Brazil is considerable, including the 
export of Norwegian salmon. We commend Brazil for its availability for technical discussions to make 
market access more predictable, based on international st andards and guidelines. Through these 
bilateral discussions Norway and Brazil have already achieved several milestones to facilitate the 
trade between our two markets. However, there are still issues to be solved both for current trade 
and for potential ne w Norwegian species entering the Brazilian market.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.96.  Today stockfish and salted cod – "bacalhau " - represent about 97 % of our total seafood trade 
to Brazil. We thank Brazil for a fruitful technical meeting in Norway this summer. However, we 
struggle with the  format of Brazilian data registration systems, as well as different methods of 
measuring the content of salt in stockfish and salted cod. We urge Brazilian authorities to show 
flexibility in this regard and look forward to further cooperation to find a so lution. We also hope to 
engage in negotiations with Brazilian authorities to be able to export salmon to Brazil. This trade 
has so far not been possible.  
4.97.  The Free Trade Agreement between EFTA and MERCOSUR will bring new opportunities for 
trade and economic  cooperation between Brazil and Norway. These opportunities, with special 
attention on implementation of the Free Trade Agreement, will probably entail further dialogue  with 
special attention on market access issues. Norway wants to conclude the discussion s on the 
outstanding FTA issues as soon as possible.  
4.98.  Increased competition within a predictable regulatory framework will strengthen the 
competitiveness of companies, and the productivity in important Brazilian sectors, such as energy.  
4.99.  Predictability is a lso key for foreign investment stimulation. Norway sees huge opportunities 
for future investments in Brazil where predictable and clear conditions are in place.  
4.100.   The signing of the bilateral agreement for the elimination of double taxation with respect to 
taxes on income and the prevention of tax evasion and avoidance this month ( 4 November ) was an 
important milestone for the Norwegian business community in Brazil. Norway hopes the ratification 
process will be concluded soon.  
4.101.   Norway commends Brazil for its  work on aligning itself with OECD 's standards and we support 
and look forward to working with you on Brazil 's accession to the OECD.  
4.102.   Brazil has an enormous potential for renewable energies, and Norway welcomes Brazil 's 
efforts in making renewable energy e conomically competitive. There are booms in various sectors, 
especially solar and wind. But the prolonged process of building a regulatory framework for new 
technologies is of concern.  
4.103.   We welcome an increased implementation of projects in sectors such as Offshore Wind and 
Hydrogen, where Brazil and Norway have mutual interest and Norway has relevant experience to 
share with Brazil. Such projects could become a prerequisite for future investments as well as a 
well-functioning supply chain prepared to execut e future projects.  
4.104.   The Norwegian Government recently launched a new export strategy for a green transition, 
to strengthen value creation and cut emissions. There are areas of priority, such as hydrogen, 
offshore wind, carbon capture and storage, batteries , and bioeconomy, where I believe our 
two countries could benefit from collaborating.  
4.105.   Norway welcomes the reported regulatory developments in the maritime transport sector in 
Brazil by the removal of cargo sharing agreements and government cargo restricti ons as well as the 
reform of the domestic maritime transport regulations. This will contribute to free and fair 
competition, reduced freight costs and stimulate the use of maritime transport. We appreciate these 
developments, that could serve as inspiratio n and examples for others to follow suit – including the 
removal of remaining Brazilian restrictions related to maritime transport of oil and oil products.  
4.106.   Norway calls upon Brazil to look into the institutional strengthening of the Brazilian 
environmental  licensing system, both when it comes to environmental impact assessment and 
protection of the environment, and in becoming more agile and predictable. In this way Brazil would 
not risk that environmental licen sing could become a non -tariff barrier for fut ure business and 
investments in Brazil.  
4.107.   Finally, a recurring complaint by companies in Brazil is the costly and burdensome 
administration of tax payments. We therefore ask for updates on plans to reform, simplify and unite 
these systems.  
4.108.   Norway wishes Brazil a successful Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  UNITED  STATES  
4.109.   The United  States is pleased to welcome Minister Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, 
Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the rest of the Brazilian  
delegation to the eighth  Trade Policy Review of Brazil. We welcome the Secretariat and Government 
reports and appreciate the opportunity to review the significant work Brazil has undertaken in the 
past five  years in Brazil and with partner countries, incl uding the United  States.  
4.110.   As described in these reports, over the past five  years Brazil has been implementing 
ambitious long -term structural reforms, designed to make its economy more competitive and 
resilient. With the onset of the pandemic, Brazil 's projected growth came to a stop, and the 
government redirected resources to meet the urgent needs of Brazilians.  
4.111.   As our countries emerge from the pandemic, the United  States believes that we have 
opportunities to expand trade ties with Brazil in a manner t hat reflects shared values. Given the size 
and diversity of each of our economies, our trade covers everything from complex machinery and 
aircraft, sophisticated financial and information technology services, and pharmaceuticals. 
We believe that the rules we use for fair bilateral trade and sustainable growth can have a positive 
impact beyond our two  countries.  
4.112.   Brazil and the United  States have found areas for close bilateral collaboration since the 
last TPR. In 2020, we concluded negotiations on the Protoc ol to the Agreement on Trade and 
Economic Cooperation Relating to Trade Rules and Transparency (or the ATEC  Protocol), including 
three  annexes covering customs administration and trade facilitation, good regulatory practices, and 
anti-corruption. Although this negotiation was bilateral, the priorities reflected in the outcome 
support and complement our multilateral work in Geneva. The provisions on trade facilitation build 
from and expand on the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, reflecting new developments for customs 
administration in areas such as digitalization and implementation of a single window for imports. In 
the area of good regulatory practices, the ATEC  Protocol rests on significant legislation Brazil had 
already undertaken to improve its domestic  processes and business competitiveness, including the 
Regulatory Agencies Law and the Economic Freedom Act. We appreciated hearing about Brazil 's 
work and innovations in the GRP thematic session last week for the TBT  Committee, exploring 
domestic implemen tation of good regulatory practices and how these provisions are included in trade 
agreements. The ATEC  Protocol entered into force in 2021, with broad support in Brazil 's Congress. 
We believe it will be an important building block for our bilateral and mu ltilateral work with Brazil.  
4.113.   During the period of review, Brazil has taken important steps to strengthen connections to 
international institutions and instruments that can help diversify its economy, promote 
competitiveness, and create opportunities for B razilians. These include its bid to join the Government 
Procurement Agreement (GPA) and the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft, which we were glad to 
endorse at that Committee's formal meeting earlier this month. Brazil 's request to accede to the 
GPA is supported by a new procurement law that has already significantly improved transparency in 
its domestic system. The United  States welcomes positive developments in the area of intellectual 
property (IP), including Brazil joining the Madrid  Protocol and tak ing important steps to accede to 
the Hague  Agreement. Since  2019, Brazil has also greatly reduced backlogs in processing patent 
applications and expanded the scope of its Patent Prosecution Highway program me. However, we 
continue to urge Brazil to join cer tain other IP treaties, including the WIPO Copyright Treaty and 
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty.  
4.114.   Most significantly, Brazil has been invited to join the OECD. We look forward to working with 
Brazil in its accession process.  
4.115.    The United  States par ticularly appreciated Brazil 's leadership earlier this year at MC12. 
Although we may not always agree on every issue, we share the idea that the WTO can be – and 
needs to be – a forum to negotiate meaningful outcomes on trade that improve the lives of peop le. 
We appreciate and value Brazil 's recognition that it will forgo blanket special and differential 
treatment in future WTO negotiations. We agree with Brazil 's statement in its Government Report 
that S&DT should be focused, needs -based, and directed to f ull implementation of WTO 
commitments. We appreciate Brazil's support for efforts to improve transparency and notification 
practices through practical process improvements and other actions that would streamline 
submission of notifications and improve Memb ers' capabilities. We welcome Brazil 's collaboration on WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  how to meet the global challenge of food security. Brazil 's dedication to the work at the WTO has 
been essential to the successes we have achieved.  
4.116.   The pandemic has shown all Members the necessity fo r governments to support health of 
our people, address inequality, and foster resilience in our economies. We hope that recent 
improvements in unemployment and in business and consumer confidence are a signal of this 
resilience. We look forward to working with Brazil as a partner in building a resilient, rules -based 
trading system that meets the needs of people and fosters sustainable recovery around the world.  
4.117.   We would also like to take this opportunity to acknowledge and thank Ambassador 
Alexandre  Parola for his tireless work in Geneva and for his leadership of Brazil 's Mission. Brazil 's 
Mission team has been a driving force behind many important initiatives, and we have benefited 
greatly from Alexandre 's insights and perspectives as we worked together to advance common goals. 
We wish him success in his onward assignment.  
4.118.   Thank you and we look forward to a robust discussion and productive Trade Policy Review.  
COSTA  RICA 
4.119.   En nombre del Gobierno de Costa  Rica quisiera dar una cordial bienvenida a la delegación 
de Brasil, encabezada por el Sr. Fernando  Meirelles de  Azevedo, Director del Departamento de 
Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, así como al equipo de la Misión Permanente 
Brasil ante la OMC a quienes agradecemos su informe y la presentación realizada esta mañana. 
Hago extensivo el agradecimiento también al ponente, el Embajador Piracha de Pakistán, por sus 
valiosos comentarios, y a la Secretaría de la OMC por su informe y por su siempre valioso trabajo.  
4.120.   Pasando ahora al objeto de esta reunión, como Miembro fundador de la OMC, Brasil ha 
jugado un papel fundamental en la conformación del sistema y continúa teniendo un rol clave en las 
negociaciones para la reforma de la OMC. Cost a Rica y Brasil comparten una visión común sobre la 
importancia del comercio agrícola como fuente de empleo y prosperidad, y trabajamos muy de cerca 
en diferentes iniciativas al respecto, especialmente en el área de subsidios. Costa  Rica también 
reconoce e l liderazgo de Brasil en el área de medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias y celebra la 
aprobación exitosa de la Declaración relacionada con este tema en la MC12. Confiamos en trabajar 
colaborativamente en este tema en el futuro.  
4.121.   Costa  Rica también comparte c on Brasil la importancia de una participación activa en la OMC 
para generar nuevas ideas y crear una Organización que responda a los nuevos desafíos que se van 
planteando. En esa línea, vemos de forma positiva la incorporación de Brasil a todas las iniciat ivas 
conjuntas y su copatrocinio del Dialogo Estructurado sobre Sostenibilidad Ambiental y Comercio. 
También nos complace el apoyo de Brasil a la exitosa finalización de las negociaciones sobre 
regulación doméstica en el área de servicios en diciembre  de 2021. 
4.122.   A nivel doméstico, el informe de la Secretaría recalca los esfuerzos de Brasil para mejorar 
los fundamentos de su economía mediante reformas estructurales orientadas a impulsar la 
productividad, el crecimiento potencial y los niveles de vida. También se destaca el trabajo realizado 
durante la pandemia que permitió reducir el impacto negativo sobre la economía. Dicho esto, se 
presentan también retos en materia macroeconómica que , si no se abordan a tiempo, podrían 
incrementar los riesgos endógenos, espe cialmente ante un entorno internacional que ha recibido 
shocks de precios importantes. El informe de la Secretaría apunta a una tasa de crecimiento de la 
economía bastante baja previo a la pandemia que apunta a desafíos estructurales, altas tasas de 
inflac ión en el último año y un incremento de la tasa de desempleo producido por la pandemia que 
se mantiene por encima del 13%. Esperamos que las reformas iniciadas para abordar estos 
problemas generen frutos pronto y se normalicen estos indicadores.  
4.123.   A nivel co mercial, nos complace saber que la participación del comercio en el PIB se ha 
incrementado significativamente y alcanzó un 39 ,2% del PIB en 2021. Por otro lado, se mantiene 
una alta concentración de las exportaciones en socios y productos básicos, lo que i ncrementa la 
vulnerabilidad de la economía ante shocks externos. Instamos a Brasil a seguir trabajando en la 
diversificación de mercados y productos y en la atracción de inversión extranjera directa en sectores 
clave para el entorno empresarial. También lo s invitamos a explorar formas de intensificar el uso de 
acuerdos comerciales bajo diferentes formatos más allá del MERCOSUR. Igualmente, se pueden WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  generar importantes ganancias a través de una reducción del nivel arancelario aplicado en el sector 
no agríco la y la simplificación del régimen tributario.  
4.124.   Dicho lo anterior, Costa  Rica ve positivamente los esfuerzos por facilitar el comercio a través 
de la continua modernización de la Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior. También vemos 
positivamente la candidat ura de Brasil para formar parte de la OCDE, un proceso que en nuestro 
caso ayudó a identificar y corregir cuellos de botella críticos y que estamos seguros será de gran 
valor para Brasil. Cuentan con el apoyo de Costa  Rica en esta tarea.  
4.125.   En el marco de est e examen, Costa  Rica presentó preguntas sobre políticas de inversión e 
integración regional. También seguimos con interés la implementación de las políticas de Brasil sobre 
adaptación al cambio climático, especialmente en lo referente a la sostenibilidad a grícola y 
energética. Por último, quisiera agradecer una vez más a Brasil por su reporte y la presentación 
realizada el día de hoy, y le deseamos grandes éxitos en este octavo examen de políticas 
comerciales.  
KINGDOM OF SAUDI  ARABIA  
4.126.   The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia is very pleased to take part in the eighth  Trade Policy Review 
of Brazil and would like to extend a very warm welcome to its distinguished delegation headed by 
H.E. Mr Fernando  Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of  the 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs . 
4.127.   The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia thanks Brazil and the WTO Secretariat for their detailed and 
comprehensive Trade Policy Review reports. We also thank the discussant H.E.  Dr Muhammad 
Mujtaba Piracha , Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the WTO for his insightful 
comments.  
4.128.   Since 2017, a considerable amount of effort has been made by Brazil to improve its economic 
fundamentals. In 2018, Brazil's annual GDP growth rate increased to 1 .8%, although it decreased 
to -3.9% in 2020 due to the COVID -19 outbreak. The Government of Brazil, in its efforts to overcome 
the disastrous impact of COVID -19 pandemic, has adopted timely support measures to enhance 
productivity and living standards in m any areas, including organizational and institutional issues, 
labour market and privatization.  
4.129.   Brazil is an active participant in the multilateral trading system, and it continues to play a 
central role in the reinforcement of the system. It has participat ed in all WTO Joint Statement 
Initiatives. Simultaneously, Brazil has continued strengthening regional economic integration by 
singeing 34  regional trade agreements (RTAs) with many countries whether in Latin  American or 
outside.  
4.130.   We also praise Brazil for its performance in many areas such as the fully digitized export 
formalities, the upgraded Authorized Economic Operator (AEO), the improvement of its business 
climate through the 2021 New Business Environment Law and the creation of the Direct Investments 
Ombudsman (DIO) which has attracted significant foreign investments, especially in the fields of 
transportation, energy, water and sanitation, and this would also generate additional investments in 
infrastructure.  
4.131.   The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia and Brazil are  prominent partners in international trade, and 
they have a strong trade relationship which is supported by their shared membership in the G20. 
Trade exchange between the two  countries has increased over the past five years and exceeded 
USD 5 billion in 20 21.  
4.132.   To conclude, I would like to thank H.E.  Mr Alexandre  Parola , former  Ambassador and 
Permanent Representative of Brazil to the WTO and his esteemed delegations for the excellent 
cooperation between our two missions which serves our mutual interests and thank them for their 
active engagement in all WTO activities. Finally, I  would like to congratulate Brazil for its solid 
economic performance, and I wish the delegation of Brazil a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.133.   May I warmly welcome Brazil 's delegation, led by Minister Fernando  Meirelles de  Azevedo 
Pimen tel, to their eighth  Trade Policy Review.  
4.134.   We are grateful to the Government of Brazil and to the WTO Secretariat for their reports 
and, in particular, to the esteemed Chair and the discussant, for their expert insights.  
4.135.   Following Brazil 's recent federal el ections, we look forward to continuing to work together 
constructively with the incoming Government to find bilateral opportunities and to advance 
progressive multilateral solutions, including here at the WTO.  
4.136.   In our written questions for this review, the  UK was keen to gain a deeper understanding 
regarding geographical indications, import and customs requirements, environmental and 
sustainability measures, and government procurement.  
4.137.   As Brazil 's previous 2017  TPR and the Secretariat Report for this revie w note, Brazil remains 
a somewhat inward -oriented economy. However, we were pleased to note developments in the 
moderni zation of Brazil 's economy and commend Brazil 's clear commitment to reaffirm the WTO as 
a central pillar of global economic governance an d its cooperation within the multilateral trading 
system. We also recogni ze Brazil 's active engagement on various Joint Statement Initiatives.  
4.138.   We are encouraged by Brazil 's ongoing openness to international investment. We agree with 
Brazil that economies, like the multilateral trading system itself, should function as an instrument to 
improve the lives of everyone, and that investors depend on predictability and stability.  
4.139.   As such, there are key opportunities for Brazil and the UK to build on common ground.  For 
instance, the UK Global Tariff, which came into effect in January  2021, has secured over 
GBP 2.1 billion of import value by unilaterally removing barriers to green trade. This measure 
supports wind turbine components, renewable energy generation, and advancing carbon capture 
innovations and research. This measure reflects the importance of trade in greening the global 
economy, as highlighted in Director -General Ngozi 's recent comments at COP  27 and in the WTO 
World Trade Report, that tr ade must be a cornerstone of climate action.  
4.140.   Similarly, to grow international trade, UK Export Finance offers a dedicated GBP 2 billion 
clean growth direct lending facility, and long -dated financing (up to 18 -years for renewable energy 
projects) to provide  a safety net for businesses. These are just a few examples of how the UK is 
supporting and expanding global sustainable transitions and economic growth.  
4.141.   Turning to new trade policy developments, we are proud to support Brazil to be the first 
Latin America  country to have a digital marketplace of export services tailor -made for MSMEs ' needs, 
which is based on the United National Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business integrated 
services for MSMEs in international trade.  
4.142.   We also note that the  BRAEXP platform is due to be fully developed by March  2023 and we 
look forward to seeing the trade -facilitating benefits which it will provide.  
4.143.   let me pay tribute to Brazil 's commitment to the trade facilitation agenda. Through the Trade 
Facilitation in Middle Income Countries programme, we were glad to support the World  Bank Group 
and the World Customs Organization to deliver to Brazil a Time Release Study, a WTO  TFA Gap 
Assessment, a Trade and Gender Survey, and a Poverty Impact Assessment.  
4.144.   We encourage  Brazil to keep implementing the solutions appointed in those deliverables. 
These will enhance transparency and improve the effectiveness of international trade procedures, 
ensuring that benefits are reaped regardless of socio -economic status, ethnicity, o r gender.  
4.145.   We are also pleased that the Secretariat 's Report notes that Brazil has eliminated important 
duties on certain aeronautical goods and has implemented temporary tariff reductions in response 
to the COVID -19 pandemic. These measures demonstrate fl exibility and an openness to international 
trade, and we encourage Brazil to implement further, similar, outward -looking measures.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.146.   Regarding Geographic Indication, the UK particularly welcomes Brazil 's recent commitment 
to progress the UK 's application for  the protection of GIs in relation to Scotch whisky, and we are 
pleased with the progress which we have made on a double taxation agreement to boost trade and 
investment between our countries.  
4.147.   We were also glad to share with Members that last Thursday 17  October we completed 
negotiations with Brazil on the UK Goods Schedule at the WTO, a great step in our bilateral 
relationship. Earlier this year, the UK welcomed the OECD Council 's unanimous invitation to Brazil 
to start on the path towards formal organiza tion membership, a process which will surely prosper in 
the capable hands of Ambassador  Parola. Geneva 's loss is undoubtedly Paris ' gain. 
4.148.   Concerning Brazil 's accession to the GPA, the UK was pleased to receive Brazil 's latest market 
access offer in June  2022. To fully unlock the richness of our trading relationship, the UK would 
welcome further engagement to progress Brazil 's accession to the GPA, and in doing so become the 
first Latin  American country to accede. All of these proactive steps underline Brazi l's strong 
commitment to multilateralism.  
4.149.   To conclude, we wish Brazil well in building on its trade -centred growth path and we thank 
our colleagues in Brazil and here for their fruitful engagement in this important transparency 
exercise.  
4.150.   Finally, I say to  our Brazilian friends, good luck to Seleção Canarinha . See you in the final.  
COLOMBIA  
4.151.   Saludamos a la delegación de Brasil, encabezada por S.E.  Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo 
Pimentel , Director del Departamento de Política Comercial, del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 
a los representantes de gobierno hoy presentes, y a todo el equipo de la Misión de Brasil, con quienes 
tenemos excelentes vínculos de trabajo.  
4.152.   Agradecemos el análisis y comentarios del ponente, Embajador Muhammad Piracha. Los 
pertinentes elementos expuestos han contribuido a enriquecer esta discusión. Igualmente 
reconocemos el dedicado trabajo de la Secretaría y las autoridades de Brasil en la elaboración de 
los informes.  
4.153.   Brasil tiene una economía dinámic a, y un sector externo robusto. Si bien las tasas de 
crecimiento han sido bajas y golpeadas por los efectos de la pandemia, resalta que la participación 
del comercio en el PIB aumentó casi 15  puntos llegando a 39% en 2021 y registra un superávit en 
el come rcio de mercancías.  
4.154.   En la política comercial, se destacan cambios importantes en la estructura arancelaria y 
avances en la facilitación del comercio, pero persisten aspectos que hacen de Brasil una economía 
aun orientada hacia el mercado interno.  
4.155.   Los informes dan cuenta de una estructura arancelaria que continúa registrando 
complejidades en la diversidad de tipos arancelarios y mantiene un sistema progresivo que tiende a 
proteger ciertos sectores de la manufactura. La reciente medida de reducción h orizontal del arancel 
NMF es un paso positivo.  
4.156.   El sistema impositivo plantea importantes complejidades, en especial a los importadores, 
por la diversidad de impuestos y trámites asociados, y por las ventajas que se ofrecen a ciertas 
empresas exportadoras.  En particular , el impuesto sobre los productos industriales (IPI) resulta 
complejo y limita la competitividad de los bienes manufacturados. Damos la bienvenida a las 
reducciones recientemente implementadas de este impuesto, que tendrán un efecto important e en 
la dinámica comercial.  
4.157.   Colombia comparte con Brasil los objetivos de diversificación las exportaciones, el desarrollo 
industrial, así como la vocación hacia el libre comercio. En este contexto, encontramos de interés el 
programa de incentivos y los b eneficios tributarios y arancelarios a empresas predominantemente 
exportadoras.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.158.   Igualmente llamativos resultan los mecanismos de financiación y crédito para las 
exportaciones, que han cobrado más importancia y se han ajustado a los estándares de la OCDE.  
4.159.   Destacamos  también el  crecimiento del sector de servicios  que registras bajas restricciones 
y un marco regulatorio es estable , y además aporta de manera importante al empleo y a la 
diversificación económica . El comercio electrónico también registra avances  en especial en 
conectividad, gobernanza de datos y la transformación digital del sector público.  
4.160.   En lo que se refiere a los procedimientos aduaneros, felicitamos los avances en la  
simplificación de trámites y regulaciones, el desarrollo y ampliación de l a VUCE, y de la OEA y la 
implementación de las certificaciones electrónicas de origen. La facilitación en el ámbito de las 
inversiones es otro elemento destacad o, y figuras como el Obudsman de Inversiones son 
innovadoras. Además, celebramos los avances en el proceso de adhesión de Brasil al Acuerdo sobre 
Contratación Pública.  
4.161.   En las copas del mundo, Brasil tiene un récord sin igual: ha estado en todos los mundiales, 
y siempre ha estado al menos en las últimas fases. Igualmente, en la OMC es un Miembro con a lto 
liderazgo, comprometido con el sistema multilateral basado en reglas, que es propositivo en jugadas 
multilaterales y en activo en todas las iniciativas plurilaterales.  
4.162.   El liderazgo de Brasil en las negociaciones sobre la Agricultura ha estado a la alt ura del 
pentacampeón mundial, con planteamientos técnicos y políticos ambiciosos para avanzar en el 
cumplimiento del mandato bajo el artículo 20. Coincidimos en que la CM13 debe traer un resultado 
concreto en esta área.  
4.163.   Felicitamos el excelente historial en materia de  transparencia y cumplimiento de las 
obligaciones de notificación. Un destacado jogo bonito en beneficio de la Organización.  
4.164.   La selección de Brasil conoce la importancia del trabajo en equipo y la complementariedad 
entre jugadores. Por lo tanto, no extraña la importancia que tiene MERCOSUR en su política 
comercial, al igual que la ALADI, y la red de acuerdos comerciales y de coo peración que ha 
desarrollado.  
4.165.   A nivel bilateral, tenemos una relación basada en la confianza y la solidaridad que se remonta 
a 1907. Somos naciones vecinas y hemos desarrollado alianzas para enfrentar los retos comunes en 
la zona fronteriza y proteger la región amazónica. Los vínculos comerciales se han afianzado 
progresivamente, por medio de acuerdos de complementación económica en el marco de la ALADI, 
y permiten a Colombia tener un nivel importante y creciente de exportaciones de productos 
industriales hacia Brasil . 
4.166.   En este EPC Colombia presentó preguntas sobre aspectos de interés en nuestra relación 
comercial como los programas de apoyo al sector agrícola; regulación de los servicios de 
telecomunicaciones; el régimen de derechos de propiedad intelectual  y sobre subsidios a la pesca. 
Agradecemos las respuestas de las autoridades brasile ñas. 
4.167.   Para concluir, en el  mundial, y por la actuación destacada de su selección, Brasil siempre 
está entre los favoritos, muchos lo tenemos en nuestras apuestas como ganado r. Igualmente, en la 
OMC, y por el liderazgo y peso de su economía, hay altas expectativas sobre el rol de Brasil, los 
invitamos a que sigan teniendo una actuación destacada en cada uno de los pilares de esta casa y 
sigan marcando goles en beneficio del mu ltilateralismo.  
4.168.   Finalizo deseándole a los Brasil un exitoso cierre del examen de sus políticas comerciales. 
Extendemos un cordial reconocimiento a su Excelencia Alexandre  Parola, Embajador ante la OMC 
hasta los últimos tiempos y a la Misión en Ginebra.  
RUSSIAN  FEDERATION  
4.169.   I would like to extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Brazil. We appreciate the 
comprehensive reports by the Government and the WTO  Secretariat. Our thanks also go to the 
discussant, Ambassador Dr  Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha (Pakistan), for his thoughtful remarks. We WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  hope that today 's discussion will contribute significantly to the transparency of current trends in 
Brazil 's economy.  
4.170.   Over the years, economic relations between the Russia n Federation  and Brazil have been 
developing in many a reas and are underpinned by successful and fruitful cooperation in different 
international fora, in particular, BRICS.  
4.171.   In the first half of 2022 our trade turnover increased by 47% compared to the same period 
of the previous year and amounted to USD  6 billion. Exports and imports increased by 68% and 
11%, respectively. The Russia n Federation  is an important destination for Brazil 's agricultural 
products, which account for 71% of its exports to our country. Russian companies are participating 
in several large -scale projects in various industrial sectors in Brazil. Our investments in this country 
accounted for USD  60 million in 2021.  
4.172.   Nevertheless, we see a great untapped potential for further enhancing the bilateral trade in 
goods and services and  increasing investment flows.  
4.173.   The Russia n Federation  welcomes Bra zil's commitment to strengthening the rules -based 
MTS with the WTO at its core. We commend Brazil 's active participation in the negotiations in the 
lead-up and during the MC12.  
4.174.   We have submi tted a number of written questions to Brazil, in particular, on trade defence 
measures, subsidies, SPS and technical requirements, investment policies and thank the delegation 
of Brazil for comprehensive replies. We look forward to further boosting economi c and trade ties and 
developing our bilateral cooperation in international fora.  
4.175.   In conclusion, we would like to thank the delegation of Brazil, the Secretariat , and the 
discussant for the impressive work done so far and wish Brazil a successful Trade Poli cy Review.  
EUROPEAN  UNION   
4.176.   On behalf of the European  Union, I am pleased to participate in the eighth  Trade Policy 
Review of Brazil. I would like to warmly welcome Minister Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel  
and his team to Geneva.  
4.177.   Brazil is a strateg ic partner of the European  Union not just because its unique geographic 
and economic size on the South  American continent, but also because it has consistently produced 
many of the world 's finest diplomats and trade negotiators. This reflects a deep commit ment both 
to open trade and to multilateral institutions. It is no exaggeration to say that your Government has 
played a key role in shaping the Organi zation in which we are deliberating today.  
4.178.   Only last week we bade farewell to my friend and colleague Al exandre  Parola, to whom we 
collectively owe a debt of gratitude, not just for the eloquence of his statements and interventions, 
but also for his determination and sense of purpose in calling on WTO Members to rediscover their 
common sense of purpose and t o explore new ways of negotiating.  
4.179.   The EU is Brazil's second  trading partner, and we are also the largest foreign investor in 
Brazil, with about 50% of total stock of foreign direct investment in your country. Therefore, we 
have a strong economic relations hip and a large stake in your continued success.  
4.180.   As you are in transition to a new government after last month 's elections, we would like first 
of all to pay tribute to the current administration for the measures taken over the last years to 
facilitate tra de and investment, to improve the business climate, to put in place new public 
procurement rules, and to further open the Brazilian economy to the world. There is always more 
work to do, but we would be remiss in not acknowledging these efforts.  
4.181.   Looking ahead, we welcome the opportunity to continue our engagement with the 
Government of Brazil, and will be encouraging you as you pursue the goals of social cohesion, fiscal 
stability and a further opening of the economy. The EU will also encourage Br azil to address a number 
of environmental challenges, notably to reverse the current trend of rising deforestation, and to 
ensure that trade does not serve as a driver for such deforestation.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.182.   I would like to express our support for the improvements record ed in the period under 
review. One example are the recent measures in the field of IPR adopted in Brazil, which can be 
expected to reduce the current backlog of patent applications if the required resources are 
committed. We have also warmly welcomed the s teps in the area of IPR enforcement.  
4.183.   At the multilateral level, I wish to convey the EU's appreciation for Brazil 's enduring support 
for a strong WTO, in which the Organi zation is able to rediscover the art of conducting and concluding 
negotiations success fully.  
4.184.   At the regional level, the EU is fully committed to our agreement with MERCOSUR. We are 
hopeful that the conditions can be put in place to enable signature in coming months and look 
forward to engagement with the current and incoming administration s to achieve this.  
4.185.   Notwithstanding the overall positive message I have just given, we also have some concerns 
and I would like to turning to these. I will single out only some, which are of particular interest to 
EU companies and Member States given the t ime constraints:  
4.186.   First of all, we want to encourage you to advance on the way to an effective and unified 
application of the import and customs procedures. European operators are frustrated by 
burdensome, costly and often redundant import procedures that require a disproportionately large 
quantity of documents. Cutting unnecessary red tape is a win -win, as it will reduce the expenses of 
Government while at the same time making the economy more competitive.  
4.187.   We would like to emphasi ze the importance of shari ng information on sanitary and 
phytosanitary matters and resuming our technical dialogue, which has unfortunately not taken place 
since 2018. This is regrettably long. Specifically we would encourage Brazil to speed up the approval 
of imports from the EU o f products of animal and plant origin, the definitive pre -listing of 
establishments, and the audits to EU facilities. We also encourage Brazil to take the necessary steps 
to treat the EU as a single entity, as quickly and pragmatically as possible. These a re our biggest 
concerns in this vital area.  
4.188.   For imported products generally, we look forward to Brazil 's full implementation of the Single 
Window Programme to facilitate trade. We believe this could lead to a reduction in the number of 
non-automatic licen ces, and help to overcome some of the difficulties caused by Brazil 's unduly 
onerous import licensing system.  
4.189.   Tax discrimination is another area of concern. We would appreciate further information on 
Brazil 's current tax reform plan, including its timeframe. In particular, we would be interested in 
knowing how the Government will address existing tax distortions between imported and domestic 
products that we believe are without justification.  
4.190.    In the field of  services, we strongly encourage Brazil to further open up its markets to 
foreign enterprises, in particular in the financial and insurance sectors and the legal professions, and 
at the same time make progress in improving the system of mutual recognition of professional 
qualifications and diplomas.  
4.191.   A week after the COP27 meeting and ahead of the COP on Biodiversity, we cannot fail to 
mention our shared aspirations in the field of the protection of biodiversity and the urgent fight 
against climate change. We have strongly welcomed the speech made at Sharm  El Sheikh by your 
President -elect. Trade and investment have an important role to play. We encourage Brazil to 
continue to create an investment climate favourable to renewable energy and to take action to 
decouple agricultural production and trade from deforestation. We are ready to cooperate with you 
as you try to meet this challenge.  
4.192.   On behalf of the EU, I look forward to further exchanges of views during this Trade Policy 
Review, which I wish the utmost  success.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  UKRAINE  
4.193.   Ukraine is pleased to welcome the distinguished delegation of Brazil on its eighth  Trade 
Policy Review.  
4.194.   We would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Brazil for their 
respective reports and express appreciation to Ambassador Dr  Muhammad  Mujtaba  Piracha 
(Pakistan) for his valuable remarks and comments  
4.195.   Over the last few years, we acknowledge that the COVID -19 pandemic had adverse impact 
on Brazilian economy. However, Brazilian economy showed a strong recovery in 2 021 with 4 .6% 
GDP growth resulting from timely adopted support measures.  
4.196.   Ukraine is pleased to note Brazil 's openness to international trade and its integration into 
the world economy, implementation of trade and trade -related structural reforms aimed, am ong 
others, at boosting further economic growth and living standards.  
4.197.   Nowadays, we are witnessing new geopolitical challenges, caused by the 
Russian  Federation's  unprovoked and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine. Its 
repercussions are hindering open trade and economic development all over the world, worsening 
global growth expectations, including the forecasts of Brazil 's economic indicators.  
4.198.   Ukraine is grateful for Brazil 's understanding and mentioning such global negative effects of 
the war on  the Brazilian economy in its Report.  
4.199.   We commend efforts of the Brazilian Government and recent measures adopted to face 
current challenges and to provide resilient economic performance and we hope that Brazil will 
continue its growth pathway.  
4.200.   Ukraine con siders Brazil an important economic partner in the Latin  American region. We  are 
sure that our mutual interest is to expand our trade in goods and services and to improve trade 
balance by creating better conditions for trade, promoting business development , stimulating 
investments and attaining prosperity. We are looking forward to eliminating trade barriers and 
opening up our markets on mutually beneficial basis.  
4.201.   The war of aggression has led to the huge decrease in our bilateral trade.  
4.202.   During the past eight months of the current year, the volume of our bilateral trade in goods 
contracted by 59 .5% compared to the same period of 2021 and amounted to USD  169.4 million 
(exports fell by 90 .6%, imports – by 42 .2%). Prior to the war, our trade in goods and servi ces 
recorded continuous growth – it increased almost twofold in 2019 -2021 (from USD  296 million to 
USD 572 million).  
4.203.   We are convinced that regardless the war and ongoing challenges, we can continue 
developing our bilateral trade and economic relationships .  
4.204.   We would also like to recognize Brazil 's active participation in the WTO, its efforts to 
strengthen the rules -based multilateral trading system and to promote open and predictable trade. 
We thank Brazil for its commitment to engage in discussions on ref orm of the WTO 's dispute 
settlement system and in the negotiations of the WTO joint initiatives.  
4.205.   Reform on agriculture, with the aim of leading to fairer competition and a less distorted 
sector is also one of the top priorities for Ukraine. We welcome the opportunity to strengthen our 
cooperation with Brazil on advancing agricultural negotiations in t he WTO to achieve successful 
outcome concerning domestic support and market access in agriculture.  
4.206.   We are pleased to see that Brazil is continuing to cut its tariffs unilaterally with the purpose, 
among other things, to mitigate the negative effects of th e Russian Federation' s war against Ukraine, 
including rising living expenses for lower -income Brazilians and higher costs for companies.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.207.   Ukraine considers the issue of tariff liberalization as of extreme importance for recovery of 
exports and imports flow s after the Russian -brought supply chains disruptions and support for 
fostering future economic growth. Ukraine raised questions to Brazil on its tariff regime and 
possibilities of its further liberalization, taking into account the current economic situation.  
4.208.   It is worth not ing, that currently Brazil is applying two anti -dumping  measures regarding 
products originating in Ukraine (heavy plates, seamless carbon steel line pipes for oil and gas 
pipelines). In our view, the export potential of Ukrainian producers could not threat en to cause any 
material injury to the Brazilian domestic industry because of emergency circumstances in Ukraine. 
Therefore, we submitted written question about possible revocation or review of anti -dumping 
measures on an expedited basis according to Brazi lian domestic legislation.  
4.209.   Other questions of our interest concern customs cooperation agreements, Brazil 's views on 
future discussions related to dispute settlement and agriculture issues in the WTO, its experience in 
the fields of intellectual property and telecommunications, etc.  
4.210.   Ukraine once again appreciates Brazil 's active engagement in the WTO and wishes the 
delegation of Brazil a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
SRI LANKA  
4.211.   Sri Lanka delegation welcomes the delegation of Brazil led by Minister Fe rnando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We 
thank the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Brazil, for their comprehensive reports, and 
appreciate Ambassador Dr  Muhammad Mujtaba Pira cha of Pakistan, on his insightful analysis as the 
discussant.  
4.212.   We acknowledge Brazil has identified industrial development; production diversification; 
technological upgrading; raising competitiveness; integration into global value chains and 
internationa l markets; intensifying and diversifying exports; as priority areas in its trade -related 
policy objectives.  
4.213.   We have noted that Brazil 's openness to international trade and integration into the world 
economy. Brazil remains open to inward FDI across the eco nomy, despite certain foreign ownership 
prohibitions and limitations, or prior approval requirements in some sectors.  
4.214.   During the review period, Brazil took several steps to improve the business climate via 
regulatory, institutional, and procedural changes , and to facilitate foreign investment participation 
in several sectors. The legal and institutional frameworks for the protection of IP rights have been 
modified.  
4.215.   Brazil adopted measures to simplify regulations; increase transparency; encourage trade; 
introduced good regulatory practices; made progress in e -government and anti-corruption; continue 
streamlining foreign trade formalities; and gradually implementing its Single Window programme.  
4.216.   Brazil has taken steps to strengthen the governance, and transpa rency of federal 
state-owned enterprises, and facilitate the entry of competitors. A new public procurement law was 
enacted in 2021 prohibiting discriminatory treatment between national and foreign suppliers.  
4.217.   We appreciate active participation of Brazil i n regular activities of the WTO and negotiations 
on new trade -related topics and giving its great importance to the smooth functioning of a 
rules-based multilateral trading system. Moreover, Brazil has continued strengthening regional 
economic integration through RTAs with its main trading partners, within and outside the region.  
4.218.   However, we have noted that the relatively complex internal tax system, lack of a 
fully-fledged competitive financing system, infrastructure bottlenecks, fiscal imbalance, inflatio nary 
pressures continue to hinder, the full sectoral efficiencies in Brazil. However, we believe that 
structural reforms in necessary areas will enhance future prosperity, and sustainable growth of the 
economy.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.219.   When consider bilateral trade relations betwe en Sri  Lanka and Brazil, the value of Sri  Lanka 's 
exports to Brazil has recorded a 39% growth in 2021 compared to 2020. Sri  Lanka 's exports of 
apparel, rubber -based products, machinery components have increased substantially to Brazil 
in 2021.  
4.220.   The pattern of the value of imports from Brazil to Sri  Lanka, has been rather erratic during 
2017-2021, while synthetic rubber, woven fabrics , etc., have become major imports from Brazil.  
4.221.   It is commendable to mention that the Brazilian Cooperation Agency has agreed t o provide 
technical assistance, with collaboration of the Federal University of Viçosa, for the development of 
dairy sector in Sri  Lanka, and together with the Federal University of São Carlos , for the development 
of sugarcane industry in Sri  Lanka. Furthe r, the Brazilian Cooperation Agency is scheduled to visit 
Sri Lanka later this year, to assess requirements in the dairy and sugarcane sectors, and explore 
opportunities in other areas for cooperation as well.  
4.222.   We also would like to mention that a technical  team from the Ministry of Agriculture, 
Livestock and Food supply of Brazil visited Sri  Lanka to inspect Sri  Lanka 's compliance in necessary 
regulatory requirements to export king coconut water to Brazil. Following the visit, the team has 
issued a satisfac tory report to the inspected coconut manufacturing plants, and laboratories in 
Sri Lanka, suggesting certain minor amendments to comply with the Brazilian standards.  
4.223.   We acknowledge that Sri  Lankan Association for Software and Service Companies, and the 
IT Association of Brazilian Companies signed a MOU in 2021, to promote ICT Sector between the 
two countries. During  2022, both associations target to focus on opportunities in the artificial 
intelligence sector.  
4.224.   Further, the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce of Sri  Lanka and the São Paulo Chamber of 
Commerce in Brazil have signed a MOU to promote bilateral trade between the two countries.  
4.225.   Sri Lanka believes that there could be many more potential areas to strengthen the bilateral 
relations between the two countries, and we look forward to exploring those opportunities.  
4.226.   We thank Brazil for its written replies to our questions, and we will forward them to our 
capital for examination and follow -up. 
4.227.   In concluding, with appreciation we would like to mention the dynamic role played by 
Ambassador Alexandre  Parola and proactive engagement of his team in Geneva in ongoing 
negotiations and activities of WTO, is highly commendable.  
4.228.   We sincerely wish Brazil a constructive and fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
ESTADO PLURIN ACIONAL DE BOLIVIA  
4.229.   El Estado  Plurinacional de Bolivia da la bienvenida al Ministro Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo 
Pimentel, Director del Departamento de Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, al 
Ministro Braz Baracuhy  Neto, Representant e Permanente Alterno y a toda su honorable delegación 
tanto de capital como en Ginebra.  
4.230.   Agradecemos la presentación tan exhaustiva de su octavo examen de política comercial y la 
información compartida con todos los Miembros de la OMC. Asimismo, agradecemo s a la Secretaría 
por su informe y al Embajador Dr.  Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha de Pakistán por sus importantes 
contribuciones.  
4.231.   Brasil es un importante socio comercial para Bolivia, principalmente en el comercio de gas 
natural en estado gaseoso, urea, gas licuado de petróleo, boratos de sodio naturales y sus 
concentrados, plata, aceites en bruto, entre otros. Asimismo, Bolivia importa desde Brasil, barras 
de hierro, preparaciones compuestas para la elaboración de bebidas, polipropileno, pasta química 
de mad era, entre otros. Caracterizando a nuestra balanza comercial como generalmente 
superavitaria , incluso  antes de la irrupción de la pandemia. Sin embargo, tal y como la delegación 
lo ha señalado, el COVID -19 ha sido factor determinante de la baja del volumen  de las exportaciones.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.232.   Es en este contexto, y bajo el espíritu constructivo que caracteriza el EPC, Bolivia ha 
formulado preguntas en relación con los regímenes aduaneros, la situación impositiva y estímulos 
fiscales, agricultura y facilitación del comerc io y digitalización con miras a una mejor comprensión 
de sus buenas prácticas dentro de los tres pilares que comprenden su programa de comercio, en 
este sentido, apreciamos  y agradecemos  sus amables respuestas  que serán enviadas a capital .  
4.233.   Encontramos con vergencias en diversos temas que se abordan en esta casa tales como la 
reforma de la OMC, el funcionamiento del Órgano de Apelación, la reforma agrícola , respetando a 
un sistema multilateral de comercio basado en normas . Así como la preservación del Amazon as en 
el marco de la Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (OTCA), por lo que esperamos 
continuar fortaleciendo nuestr as relaciones y poder avanzar a una integración regional robustecida.   
4.234.   Finalmente, reiteramos el agradecimiento a la delegació n de Brasil por la información 
presentada y les deseamos una exitosa conclusión de su octavo examen de las política s comercial es. 
ARGENTINA  
4.235.   Quiero dar una fraterna bienvenida a la delegación de Brasil, presidida por el Sr. Ministro 
Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director del Departamento de Política Comercial del 
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y agradecer a todo el equipo de la M isión de Brasil por el 
excelente y constructivo trabajo que realizan en Ginebra. Permítame también agradecer al 
Dr. Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha , Embajador  de Pakistán , por su presentación.  
4.236.   La relación económica y comercial entre Argentina y Brasil es intensa y estratégica para 
ambos países. Brasil es nuestro principal socio comercial y Argentina es el tercer  socio comercial de 
Brasil. La interdependencia comercial de ambos países se evidencia en la composición del comercio, 
con una alta participación de manufa cturas. En ese sentido, el comercio bilateral es clave en el 
mantenimiento y generación de empleo de calidad en ambos países.  
4.237.   En 2021 las exportaciones argentinas a Brasil estuvieron compuestas en un 54% de 
manufacturas industriales – dentro de las cuales  41% fueron productos del sector automotriz, 33% 
productos del agronegocio y 13% productos del rubro de combustibles, energía y minerales. 
Las exportaciones brasileñas a Argentina se distribuyeron en un 83% de manufacturas de origen 
industrial – con un 42%  provenientes del sector automotriz, 11% del agronegocio y 6% del rubro 
combustibles, energía y minerales.  
4.238.   Más allá de esto, existen oportunidades para intensificar la relación comercial y el flujo de 
inversiones entre ambos países.  
4.239.   La energía es un secto r clave para el desarrollo económico de ambos países. En un contexto 
regional y global de incertidumbre respecto a la disponibilidad de este recurso, estamos trabajando 
conjuntamente para avanzar en la integración y complementación energética para satisfac er la 
demanda de nuestros sectores productivos y consumidores.  
4.240.   La República Argentina observa con gran interés el proceso de recuperación económica en 
Brasil. En este contexto, nuestro país desea destacar los planes del Gobierno brasileño para encarar 
reformas estructurales y fiscales que permitan consolidar el proceso de recuperación económica. 
Asimismo, resaltamos la importancia de las medidas vinculadas con procedimientos aduaneros y de 
facilitación del comercio. Reconocemos los desafíos que representó la pandemia y celebramos que 
la economía brasileña muestre signos de una recuperación sostenida.  
4.241.   Respecto a la industria agrícola, Argentina destaca particularmente que Brasil, con bajos 
niveles de ayuda interna y baja protección, es un exportador competit ivo de productos agropecuarios 
a nivel mundial.  
4.242.   En cuanto a la inversión privada, destacamos que las reformas implementadas estén 
contribuyendo a la expansión de la infraestructura. Argentina también ve con buenos ojos que el 
Brasil siga siendo un país at ractivo para la inversión extranjera directa.  
4.243.   El Gobierno argentino ha ratificado que la relación bilateral, en el marco del proyecto 
MERCOSUR, continúa siendo el eje de nuestra inserción económica internacional. Valoramos la WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  inserción internacional conju nta que fortalece nuestra posición negociadora. En este contexto, la 
agenda de relacionamiento externo del MERCOSUR mantiene un gran dinamismo. Destacamos la 
intensificación de la red de acuerdos comerciales del MERCOSUR, la modernización del arancel 
externo común y la reducción de obstáculos no arancelarios al comercio.  
4.244.   En cuanto a los avances realizados a nivel MERCOSUR, destacamos las revisiones a los 
acuerdos en materia de servicios financieros, el reconocimiento mutuo de certificados de ciertos 
servic ios profesionales, el Protocolo de Cooperación y Facilitación de Inversiones y el Acuerdo sobre 
Comercio Electrónico, todos instrumentos para que el bloque acompañe la evolución del comercio 
entre sus socios.  
4.245.   La República Argentina reconoce en Brasil un f irme defensor del sistema multilateral de 
comercio y socio en nuestras preocupaciones principales con el que trabajamos activamente en 
la OMC y en otros foros .  
4.246.   Quisiéramos destacar en particular los esfuerzos multilaterales que ambos países estamos 
llevan do a cabo para la continuación del proceso de reforma del comercio como miembros del Grupo  
de Cairns, como socios del MERCOSUR y como países de la región latinoamericana. Estamos 
firmemente comprometidos en avanzar hacia la liberalización del comercio agrí cola, con el fin de 
lograr reducción de la ayuda interna y las distorsiones del mercado. Ello, sin desconocer que ninguna 
reforma de la agricultura estará completa si no se amplía el acceso a los mercados para los productos 
agrícolas, teniendo incluso en c uenta las repercusiones negativas de los obstáculos no arancelarios 
al comercio.  
4.247.   En el marco de este examen de política comercial, la República Argentina agradece a Brasil 
por las respuestas brindadas a nuestras preguntas.  Las respuestas serán analizadas d etenidamente 
por nuestros y nuestras colegas en Buenos  Aires.  
4.248.   Finalizando, y al tiempo de reiterar nuestro reconocimiento por esta nueva oportunidad de 
intercambiar opiniones y consideraciones sobre las políticas y prácticas comerciales de Brasil, no 
quisiéramos dejar de resaltar una vez más la importancia de este ejercicio de transparencia en todos 
sus aspectos y desear a sus autoridades la exitosa conclusión de este ejercicio.  
THE SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU  
4.249.   On behalf of  the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, I would 
like to extend our warm welcome to Brazil 's delegation, led by Minister Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel , Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , for 
its eighth Trade Policy Review. I  would also like to express our thanks to the discussant, 
Dr Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha (Pakistan), for his insightful comments, and the Secretariat for 
providing a comprehensive Report.  
4.250.   As noted in both  reports, we are pleased to see that Brazil has made substantial trade policy 
efforts and has undertaken trade -related structural reforms which improve economic fundamentals 
and macroeconomic resilience since Brazil 's last review in 2017. We commend Brazil  for adopting 
measures to simplify regulations and increase transparency in trade, as well as for promoting the 
use of several tools related to good regulatory practices, including the obligation of conducting 
Regulatory Impact Analyses/Assessments. We ack nowledge Brazil 's achievement in advancing 
e-government and anti -corruption.  
4.251.   Brazil 's continued efforts to streamline customs procedures through its Single Window 
programme are welcomed. Notable developments include the fully digitized export formalities, the 
upgraded Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) programme. Although the risks to growth remain in 
place, we encourage Brazil to continue its efforts on productivity -enhancing structural reforms in 
revamping the complex tax and incentives regime, reducing t he regulatory burdens on businesses, 
as well as closing infrastructure gaps for its sustainable prosperity.  
4.252.   At a multilateral level, we are delighted to see that Brazil remains active and committed to 
the WTO by its participation and engagement in all WTO Joint Statement Initiatives, including 
E-Commerce, Investment Facilitation for Development, MSMEs, and Services Domestic Regulation. 
We hope to see Brazil continue to advance discussions in these initiatives. In light of the WTO 's WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  plurilateral negotiation,  it is commendable that Brazil has achieved great progress since May  2020 
in its procedure for accession to the Government Procurement Agreement （GPA ). We are pleased 
to see that in June  2022 Brazil applied to join the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft a nd we look 
forward to Brazil 's accession to both agreements in the near future.  
4.253.   At a regional level, we closely watch Brazil 's policy objectives of greater integration in the 
world economy through MERCOSUR and Latin  American Integration Association (LAIA/A LADI) with 
an emphasis on deepening existing agreements and negotiating agreements with trading partners.  
4.254.   On the bilateral front, we keep exploring opportunities to expand our trade volume in fields 
of mutually beneficial sectors. We submitted our written  questions in advance regarding certain 
aspects of Brazil's trade policies that are of particular interest to us. We thank Brazil for its answers, 
which we shall examine carefully.  
4.255.   In conclusion, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and  Matsu 
appreciates the opportunity to participate in this review. We look forward to continuing close 
cooperation with Brazil in bilateral and multilateral relations and wish Brazil a most successful and 
fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
NEW ZEALAND  
4.256.   New Zealand welcomes this opportunity to comment on the eighth  Trade Policy Review of 
the Federative Republic of Brazil. Thank s to the Government of Brazil and to the Secretariat for 
preparing for this review. I also welcome the Brazilian delegation, led by Mi nister Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel .  
4.257.   Brazil is a strong supporter of the rules -based trading system and a trusted partner for 
New Zealand in strengthening this system. We work closely together on agricultural trade 
liberali zation as members of the Cairns Group. We are both Members of the Ottawa Group and WTO 
reform is an area in which we collaborate. We commend Brazil on the constructive and creative 
approach they have taken to tabling proposals in pursuit of reform. We congr atulate Brazil for its 
active participation at MC12, including in support of fish subsidies reform.  
4.258.   Brazil 's constructive engagement in the Joint Initiatives is commendable, particularly in 
e-commerce and investment facilitation, as is its participation i n the Multi -Party Interim Arbitration 
Arrangement. New  Zealand supports Brazil 's OECD accession and welcomes the progress made so 
far in the accession process.  
4.259.   We welcome Brazil 's consideration of how to incentivi ze sustainable agricultural practices. 
We e ncourage further progress in this area, particularly by ensuring regulation and compliance 
measures are fully implemented. New  Zealand welcomes further measures to develop carbon and 
methane trading schemes that could function inter -operably with internati onal markets.  
4.260.   New Zealand encourages Brazil to ensure TBT and SPS notifications are provided at least 
60 days in advance of the measure being adopted. This would bring Brazil in line with WTO practices 
and ensure Members have sufficient time to comment.  
4.261.   We are pleased to highlight Brazil 's commitment to promoting digital trade, which enables 
diverse communities to benefit from the international trading system. New  Zealand encourages 
continued efforts from Brazil to reduce gender and racial inequality in rat es of participation in 
international trade.  
4.262.   The current global energy crisis, caused by the Russia n Federation' s unlawful invasion of 
Ukraine, underscores the need to shift away from global dependence on environmentally harmful 
and inefficient fossil fuel subsidies. In light of this, New  Zealand welcomes Brazil 's consideration of 
becoming a co -sponsor to the WTO Joint Ministerial Statement on Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform that 
seeks to create concrete steps towards the reform of fossil fuel subsidies ahead of MC13.  
4.263.   We wish Brazil all the best for their Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  SWITZERLAND  
4.264.   I would like to join others by extending a warm welcome to the Brazilian delegation led by 
Director Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, I would also like to thank the Secre tariat for its 
substantive contribution to this review as well as Ambassador  Muhammad  Mujtaba Piracha of 
Pakistan for his observations.  
4.265.   Brazil is a very important partner for Switzerland, in all regards – and relations date back to 
200 years ago when sever al thousand Swiss nationals migrated to Brazil, founded cities such as 
Nova Friburgo, Leopoldina or Joinville, and contributed to the economic devolvement of their new 
country.  
4.266.   Nowadays, economic relations between Brazil and Switzerland are very substantia l. With 
bilateral trade amounting to around USD 4 billion in 2021, Brazil is Switzerland 's most important 
economic partner in Latin  America. Brazil is also host to 400+ Swiss companies which, together, 
employ around 60 ,000 people  in Brazil , with investment s representing more than USD 8 billion.  
4.267.   Here at the WTO, Switzerland would like to recognize Brazil's active role in negotiations and 
discussions, including participation in WTO joint statement initiatives. Switzerland also welcomes the 
Brazilian commitmen t of 2019 to renounce to special and differential treatment in WTO negotiations, 
as well as its decision to join the WTO plurilateral agreements on government procurement (GPA) 
and on Trade in Civil Aircraft.  
4.268.   Brazil 's economy has been particularly affected  by the COVID -19 pandemic, both in social 
and economic terms. In that sense,  the return of growth in 2021 is a good sign of Brazil 's economic 
resilience.  
4.269.   Since its last review , we had value the measures undertaken in Brazil to improve the 
business climate, for example through regulatory adaptations, the reform of the pensions system, 
the partial privati zation of some SOEs, or the establishment of a new public procurement law. And 
we wi sh to encourage the current as well as the incoming Brazilian administration to continue to 
work in this direction. In this context, we welcome and support Brazil's accession process OECD . 
Stable and modern framework conditions, including in tax matters, a llow predictability and are key, 
in the long run, valorize economic potential that remains untapped.  
4.270.   In addition, we remain convinced that diversification of foreign trade will continue to be 
essential to overcome temporarily disruptions of supply chains a nd that it will further improve Brazil 's 
competitiveness on world markets. That is why Brazil and Switzerland are working together towards 
the finalization of a Free Trade Agreement between the EFTA States and the MERCOSUR States, with 
the objective to bri ng mutual benefits to our economies.  
4.271.   Increased trade is, no doubt, a driving force for economic growth. However, in our view, 
trade openness should go hand in hand with considerations for sustainable development. We 
therefore invite Brazil to continue to  consider the preservation of the environment, the protection of 
indigenous people and the reduction of social inequalities when defining its economic and trade 
policies for the future.  
4.272.   To that end, Switzerland remains committed to work with Brazil both in s trengthening WTO 's 
capacity in  addressing today 's challenges, and in expand ing trade and investment between our 
countries.  
4.273.   Ahead of this  review, Switzerland submitted a number of questions in writing, in particular 
regarding the applied MFN tariff, binding s, the automotive sector, as well as some sectoral policies. 
We thank Brazil for its replies.  
4.274.   We wish Brazil constructive and fruitful exchanges within this Trade Policy Review.  
4.275.   Finally, let me note that quite unfortunately for us Brazil and Switzerland ar e at the same 
group at the World Cup. The game will be next Monday, so may the best win.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  URUGUAY  
4.276.   Uruguay desea brindar la más cordial bienvenida a la delegación de Brasil, encabezada por 
el Ministro Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director del De partamento de Política Comercial 
del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, en oportunidad del octavo  examen de sus políticas 
comerciales y a quien agradecemos por su presentación. Asimismo, agradecemos a la Secretaría por 
su completo informe y al Embajador Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha de Pa kistán, por su ilustrativa 
ponencia.  
4.277.   Este examen de política comercial se realiza en un contexto de recuperación de las 
consecuencias generadas por la pandemia COVID -19 que constituyó para Brasil, al igual que para 
otras econ omías, un gran desafío, incluyendo una desaceleración de la demanda interna y de 
importaciones. Sin embargo, reconocemos que Brasil no adoptó políticas o medidas restrictivas a 
pesar de la situación que experimentó y continúa enfrentando.  
4.278.   Brasil es un socio comercial estratégico para Uruguay y nuestra relación se nutre de los lazos 
históricos y culturales que unen a nuestros pueblos.  
4.279.   Es por ello lógico que junto a Brasil somos miembros fundadores del Mercado Común del 
Sur (MERCOSUR) y a tr avés de este proceso buscamos desarrollar una política comercial que nos 
permita vincularnos de manera privilegiada con el mundo. En ese sentido, celebramos los esfuerzos 
que estamos llevando adelante en el MERCOSUR para ampliar la red de acuerdos comercia les.  
4.280.   Brasil es el segundo socio comercial de Uruguay en el comercio de mercancías, solo por 
detrás de China. A Brasil le exportamos energía eléctrica, malta, plásticos y sus manufacturas, 
autopartes, trigo, cereales, productos lácteos, entre otros. Urugua y importa automóviles, plásticos 
y sus manufacturas, bienes de capital y muebles, por mencionar algunos sectores. Asimismo, Brasil 
constituye un aliado natural a la hora de pensar en construir cadenas regionales de valor, que 
permitan añadir valor a nuestr os productos.  
4.281.   Por otra parte, deseo destacar la apertura de la economía brasileña a la inversión extranjera. 
Brasil continúa siendo uno de los principales países de origen de inversión en la región. De esta 
manera, nuestro país se encuentra en los primero s puestos como destino de inversión extranjera 
directa emitida por Brasil.  
4.282.   Es de interés destacar el trabajo realizado en materia de mejora a las estadísticas del 
comercio de servicios, en particular, el desglose por país de origen o destino. Ello da cuen ta de la 
dimensión considerable de ese comercio y contribuye a enriquecer la relación entre ambos países.  
4.283.   Uruguay y Brasil coincidimos en la importancia que le otorgamos al rol central de la OMC en 
el sistema multilateral de comercio basado en normas y com partimos la necesidad de asegurar que 
ésta siga siendo relevante en el futuro y se encuentre a la altura de las circunstancias. Trabajamos 
juntos en la implementación de los compromisos asumidos en la CM12, el "Paquete de Ginebra ", 
especialmente en defende r el mandato del art ículo 20 del Acuerdo sobre Agricultura, la reactivación 
del Órgano de Apelaciones, la implementación del acuerdo para impedir los subsidios a la pesca 
ilegal, no declarada y no reglamentada, así como en todos los temas relativos a lucha  contra la 
pandemia COVID -19. 
4.284.   Brasil es parte de Grupo Informal sobre Mipymes, con una actitud proactiva a la hora de 
proponer nuevos temas en la agenda y constatamos con satisfacción en este octavo examen, que 
ha incorporado muchas de las recomendaciones que el grupo ha acordado. Brasil es un buen ejemplo 
de cómo implementar las recomendaciones de l paquete de  diciembre  de 2020 y abrir la agenda a 
nuevos temas, tales como las mipymes en el medio rural.  
4.285.   Me gustaría reconocer y agradecer el in tenso trabajo que llevó adelante el Embajador 
Alexandre  Parola durante su período en Ginebra y a todo su equipo, a la hora de coordinar posiciones 
y siempre mantener un enfoque constructivo para atender los asuntos que nos interesan.  
4.286.   Para finalizar, quisi éramos reiterar nuestra apreciación por este nuevo ejercicio de 
intercambio sobre las prácticas comerciales de Brasil, y esperamos seguir estrechando lazos y 
cooperando en todos los frentes: el multilateral, el regional y de manera privilegiada, en el bila teral.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.287.   Reciba la delegación de Brasil los mejores deseos para un examen exitoso de su política 
comercial.  
MALAYSIA  
4.288.   At the outset, allow me to warmly welcome H .E. Minister Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo 
Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of t he Ministry of Foreign Affairs and his 
delegations to its eighth Trade Policy Review. Our appreciation goes to the Brazilian Government 
and the WTO Secretariat for the comprehensive review reports and to Ambassador Dr  Muhammad 
Mujtaba Piracha from Pakistan  for his valuable remarks and assessment of Brazil 's trade policy 
development since its last review in 2017.  Malaysia appreciates the opportunity to participate in 
Brazil's eighth Trade Policy Review today.  
4.289.   Malaysia lauds Brazil 's role in the multilateral trading system and its continuous support to 
the WTO and in facilitating international trade against the turmoil facing the global economy. We 
also acknowledge Brazil 's participation in various regional integration efforts and free trade 
arrangements that promotes access to its market and attract investment.  
4.290.   At the multilateral front, Malaysia appreciates Brazil 's active and constructive role in the 
WTO such as the implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) as well as in the 
negotiations proc ess in the run -up to the MC12 in issues related to among others, fisheries subsidies, 
WTO response to pandemics and WTO reform. As a fellow Cairns Group member, Malaysia 
appreciates Brazil 's contribution towards multilateral agriculture reform work. Malays ia also welcome 
Brazil 's participation in the WTO joint initiatives, that Malaysia has also taken part in, on 
E-Commerce, Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD), Micro, Small and Medium -sized 
Enterprises (MSMEs) . 
4.291.   Bilaterally, Malaysia views with gre at importance of our trade relationship with Brazil, as 
Brazil is one of Malaysia 's largest trading partners in Latin  America. Malaysia is also Brazil 's second 
largest trading partner among ASEAN member States. Malaysia and Brazil enjoy closer and 
substant ive economic relations over the years. In 2021, Malaysia 's total trade with Brazil increased 
by 35% to USD  3.83 billion compared with USD  2.81 billion in 2020; while our total exports to Brazil 
increased by 40.4% to USD  1.04 billion from USD  0.73 billion in 2020.  
4.292.   On the investment front, as of December  2021, a total of three  manufacturing projects with 
participation of Brazilian investments have been implemented worth USD  9.77 million. In 2021, 
Malaysia 's Direct Investment in Brazil was valued at U SD 1.12 million.  
4.293.   The positive economic relations between Malaysia and Brazil are not just on the bilateral 
front, but also within the context of regional and multilateral economic integration. The recently held 
Joint Trade Committee between Malaysia and B razil hold promises for a potential enhanced economic 
cooperation between the two countries.  Perhaps, a cooperation between ASEAN and MERCOSUR can 
be explores in the near future.  
4.294.   For this review, Malaysia had submitted written questions on areas related to  government 
procurement; Micro, MSMEs ; and investment and trade requirements.  
4.295.   We would like to take this opportunity to thank the delegation of Brazil for responding to our 
questions as we remain keen to explore the responses further.  
4.296.   With that, we wish B razil a productive and successful eighth Trade Policy Review.  
PHILIPPINES  
4.297.   The Philippines warmly welcomes and congratulates the delegation of Brazil led by Minister 
Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Min istry of 
Foreign Affairs, and Minister Braz Baracuhy Neto , Deputy Permanent Representative of the Mission 
of Brazil to the WTO on their eighth  Trade Policy Review. We also thank Ambassador Dr  Muhammad 
Mujtaba Piracha of Pakistan for his insightful comments  as discussant, and the WTO Secretariat for 
its comprehensive Report.  We would also like to express our profound appreciation for the 
contributions of Ambassador Alexandre  Parola to MC12 and to our work here in Geneva.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.298.   The Philippines enjoys a longstanding  relationship with Brazil. To further expand and deepen 
the bilateral cooperation between the two countries, a bilateral consultation meeting  (BCM)  is 
regularly conducted between Manila and Brasilia with the latest meeting convened in 
September  2021. The B CM provides a platform for exchanging views on issues of mutual concern, 
exploring new initiatives and discuss other aspects of the bilateral relations. Through the years, we 
have witnessed the growing breadth and depth of Philippines -Brazil bilateral coop eration.  
4.299.   In 2021, Brazil ranked as the Philippines ' 18th trading partner in the world with total bilateral 
trade amounting to USD  1.37 billion. Among the Philippine top exports to Brazil are parts and 
accessories of data processing machines, storage units,  digital monolithic integrated circuits (ICs), 
and carrageenan and seaweeds while top imports from Brazil include iron ores and concentrates, 
meat of bovine animals (boneless, frozen), cuts and offal of fowls (frozen) and other meat of swine 
(frozen).  
4.300.   As noted in both reports by the Secretariat and Brazil, the outbreak of the COVID -19 
pandemic adversely affected the Brazilian economy. Economic activities and the labour market were 
upset by health measures and supply shortages in both domestic and internatio nal value chains. We 
note that in 2020, Brazil put in place a targeted, and time -bound fiscal package to protect the poor 
and the most vulnerable disproportionally affected by the pandemic. The new spending measures, 
estimated to be 8% to 11.4% of its GDP,  were focused on health spending, social assistance, and 
support to firms and workers.  
4.301.   Brazil is a firm supporter of the multilateral trading system and an active Member of the 
WTO including its dynamic participation in all WTO joint statement initiatives,  such as e -commerce, 
investment facilitation for development, MSMEs, and services domestic regulation.  
4.302.   During MC12, Brazil announced it would join the Trade and Environmental Sustainability 
Structured Discussions (TESSD) Ministerial Declaration and become a co -sponsor of the initiative. 
We welcome this announcement and as a party to the Information Technology Agreement, the 
Philippines encourages Brazil to also consider joining the ITA.  
4.303.   We also note that Brazil initiated its accession to the Agreemen t on Government Procurement 
(GPA) in May  2020 and is posed to be the first Latin  American country to become a full party to the 
GPA. More recently, Brazil started its application to the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft in 
June 2022. Brazil has also announced that it would begin to forgo special and differential treatment 
in WTO negotiations in March  2019.  
4.304.   Moreover, Brazil has been graduated from the GSP schemes of Japan, in 2019, and the 
Eurasian Economic Union in 2021. It remains a beneficiary of th e GSP schemes of Australia, 
New Zealand, Norway, and Switzerland, while the renewal of its United  States GSP program me is 
still under legislative discussion.  
4.305.   Further, Brazil took several steps to improve its business climate, specifically in facilitating 
foreign investment participation in air transport and financial services, as well as government 
procurement bidding.  
4.306.   Since the last trade policy review in 2017, Brazil concluded and implemented 4 regional 
trade agreements (RTAs) to its network, which curren tly consists of 51  countries. Brazil is also on 
the process of signing and ratifying two RTAs and has several ongoing negotiations of new 
agreements and expansion of the scope of existing agreements.  
4.307.   The Philippines notes the significant developments in th e economic policies of Brazil, and we 
appreciate the opportunity to learn more about these policies through this Trade Policy Review. Our 
delegation has submitted advance written questions and we thank the delegation of Brazil for its 
timely responses.  
4.308.   In closing, the Philippines looks forward to further enhancing the mutually beneficial 
economic relations with Brazil in the bilateral, regional, and multilateral fora.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  INDIA  
4.309.   Let me begin by extending a warm welcome to the Brazilian delegation led by H .E. Minister 
Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel , Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of 
Foreign Affairs . India is pleased to be part of the eight  Trade Policy Review of Brazil today . My 
delegation further would like to commend the Gover nment of Brazil and also its delegation to the 
WTO in Geneva, led by my friend Minister Minister Braz  Baracuhy  Neto, and to the WTO Secretariat 
for the comprehensive reports prepared for this review. I would also like to thank the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassad or Dr Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha (Pakistan) for his insightful remarks.  
4.310.   India and Brazil enjoy extremely cordial relations based on shared democratic values and 
developmental aspirations, frequent exchange  of high-level visit s in recent years between the two  
countries has resulted in further strengthening and deepening our bilateral relations . Our continued 
cooperation and coordination in fora like the I BSA, BRICS, G20, G4 , as well as in the wider 
multilateral arena, including the WTO, UN, UNESCO, WIPO, et c., is in line with our shared vision of 
the evolving global order.  
4.311.   Economic and commercial relations have always been an important pillar of this relationship . 
India the fifth largest trading partner of Brazil and the bilateral trade in 2021 was close to abo ut 
USD 12 billion.  
4.312.   Investment by Indian companies in Brazil is growing steadily, a large number of Indian 
companies are present in areas including IT, mining, energy, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, 
agri-business, manufacturing, to name a few . The total estimat ed investment is roughly 
USD 6 billion, both countries, while they have complementary trade baskets with a tremendous 
potential to diversify and expand their  bilateral trade, certain specific concerns are undermining the 
realization of our vast potential for further growth .  
4.313.   In this regard, my delegation has submitted a number of questions on various policies and 
measures of the Brazilian Government, and we look forward to reviewing the replies provided by the 
Brazilian delegation . However, we also take this opportunity to highlight some of those concerns and 
challenges . 
4.314.   We have been engaged bilaterally with Brazil on how to improve market access for a number 
of our exp orts, where phytosanitary  measures have been the real stumbling block and we hope  that 
these discussions can be taken forward quickly so that it helps augment our trade further . Similarly, 
other non -tariff barriers which are basically the TB T, technical and procedu ral requirements , they 
also need  addressing . Indian investors face considerable difficulties related to the complex regulated  
mechanisms for registration, the long -grown procedures, for instance, on issuing licen ces, taxation 
procedures, and certain legal  hurdles  for investment approv als. 
4.315.   Major Indian pharmaceutical and IT companies which have presen ce in Brazil and are 
contributing already to the growth of Brazilian economy, are also facing similar problems, including  
in movement of qualified professionals , taxation, work permits , visas,  and sometimes language 
barrier  related issues, particularly in the area of business documentation . We hope and urge  the 
Government of Brazil to look into these issues comprehensively so that they can be addressed for 
our mu tual benefit . 
4.316.   As per the Secretariat Report, we note that Brazil, like most economies, also faced the 
downturn  in economic growth owing to the COVID -19 pandemic . However, the trade and trade 
related structural reforms focused on boosting productivity poten tial for growth and living, improving 
living standards  that have been undertaken in several areas, including regulatory institutional issues, 
privatization , and the need also of the labour market are proving to be extremely beneficial to Brazil 
and also ha ve been helping  to attract further foreign investment to the country.  
4.317.   Since the last Review of Brazil , we note that a number of  constitutional amendments relating 
to further financial resources , emergency to address socio -economic consequences of COVID -19 
pandemic, they all have been undertaken . Similarly, we also see that despite the economic 
challenges , the Brazilian Government initiative to either eliminate or simplify or streamline several 
border measures, including targeted domestic support, administrative  process es have been helpful WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  to ensure that these concessions  remain important to the se sectors and then it has also helped  in 
the growth of the sector s in a number of areas.  
4.318.   Finally, we welcome the commitment of Brazil to the multilateral trading system, both India 
and Brazil have a shared interest in a strong and effective  multilateral trading system led by the 
WTO, and we l ook forward to working with Brazil closely in achieving the shared objective . We also 
remain committed to cooperate and partner with Brazil  in further expanding and deepening our 
bilateral trade and investment ties our mutual benefit . 
4.319.   In closing,  India wishes the delegation of Brazil a productive and successful Trade Policy 
Review.  
REPUBLIC OF KOREA  
4.320.   The Korean delegation joins other speakers in welcoming H .E. Minister Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Min istry of Foreign Affairs of 
Brazil, and his delegation to Geneva. We also thank Deputy Permanent Representative 
Braz Baracuhy  Neto. Our thanks also go to Ambassador Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha of Pakistan for 
his insightful remarks as a discussant and the Sec retariat for its comprehensive Report.  
4.321.   At the outset, my delegation appreciates the strategic and cooperative partnership between 
the Republic of Korea and Brazil. Brazil is Korea 's key partner in Latin America. It is Korea 's number 
one investment destinat ion in the region, totalling up to more than USD 10 billion. Brazil is also 
Korea 's second largest trading partner in the region with the trade volume exceeding USD 11 billion. 
More than 120  Korean companies in automobile, electronics, and steel industries  are active in the 
Brazilian market. So as to strengthen economic integration through RTAs, the Republic of Korea and 
Brazil have also been working on the Korea -MERCOSUR FTA since 2018. My delegation is positive 
that the conclusion of the negotiations, which has been in progress since 2018, will give further 
momentum to the expansion of our relations.  
4.322.   On the multilateral front, the Korean delegation commends that Brazil has continued its 
efforts to further integrate into trade and also to c ontribute to the multilateral trading system. 
Brazil 's priority in facilitating the multilateral trading system is shown clearly through its active 
participation in the WTO. Brazil is a steady participant in the regular committees, while my delegation 
also highly appreciates Brazil 's efforts to champion the WTO reform process. Brazil is also 
participating actively the joint statement initiatives (JSIs) on domestic regulations, e -commerce, 
investment facilitation, and MSMEs. In the e -commerce JSI in particul ar, the Republic of Korea and 
Brazil have been cooperating on the joint proposal on Access to Online Platforms. My delegation also 
welcomes the ongoing process of Brazil 's accession to the GPA and the Agreement on Trade in Civil 
Aircraft. In this spirit, w e encourage Brazil to also consider joining the Information Technology 
Agreement (ITA).  
4.323.   From a trade policy perspective, it is commendable that Brazil has been exerting efforts to 
improve and streamline its trade policies across sectors, based on its three  pillars of work including 
through trade agreement networks, the modernization of the tariff structure, and strengthening 
trade facilitation. In particular, we note the rapid digitalization of Brazil 's trade formalities, including 
its Single Windows Progra mme.  
4.324.   It is encouraging to witness sustained recovery in Brazil after being impeded by the restricted 
measures and disruption in value chains arising from the COVID -19 pandemic.  
4.325.   It is expected that additional efforts to reduce the unemployment rate and to further promote 
the recovery of industries would contribute to restoring pre -pandemic levels of growth. The 
implementation of various incentive programmes would also encourage increased production and 
investment. In the longer run, more measures with a focus on sustainability and increased support 
for start -ups and innovation will contribute to enhancing the technology and competitiveness of 
companies, on both domestic and international levels.  
4.326.   On the other hand, it is also recommended to continue to st rengthen measures to improve 
governance practices and enhance transparency, with a view to creating a favourable business 
environment and in the operation of SOEs. Furthermore, the complexities of Brazil 's taxation system, WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  including cross -border taxation r equirements and varying requirements across the federative states, 
may be challenging for foreign businesses.  
4.327.   In this vein, my delegation submitted questions regarding the continuation of the Local 
Content Requirements (LCR) that is mentioned in the report  and Brazil 's taxation system. As it is in 
the interest of foreign companies to receive more information and clarity on the taxation system —
including internal taxation, export border adjustment, and tax incentives —my delegation looks 
forward to Brazil 's continued attention to supporting a favourable business environment for foreign 
companies. We will study Brazil 's response to this issue carefully once we receive them.  
4.328.   My delegation once again appreciates Brazil 's steadfast support for the rules -based 
multilateral trading system. My Government looks forward to continuing its close cooperation with 
Brazil in the collective efforts to strengthen and facilitate the global trade environment.  
4.329.   In closing, the Korean delegation wishes Brazil a successful T rade Policy Review . 
CHILE  
4.330.   Chile saluda a la delegación de Brasil, encabezada por el Ministro Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel, Director del Departamento de Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones 
Exteriores, y felicita a este país por el trabajo reali zado desde su último examen.  
4.331.   Saludamos también a todo el equipo de la Misión de Brasil ante la OMC. Reconocemos el 
trabajo realizado tanto por la Secretaría como por Brasil en la elaboración de los respectivos informes 
y felicitamos al ponente, Su Excelen cia Dr. Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha , Representante Permanente 
de Pakistán.  
4.332.   Chile y Brasil han sostenido históricamente una positiva relación bilateral económica y 
comercial, propendiendo a aunar esfuerzos que potencien los flujos comerciales.  
4.333.   Para Chile, Bra sil es el primer socio comercial en la región y el tercero a nivel mundial. En el 
año 2021, más de 1.000  productos y servicios, provenientes de casi la totalidad de las regiones de 
nuestro país, fueron exportados a Brasil, a través de 1.109  empresas de las  cuales un 31% 
correspondió a pymes. El 23% de nuestras exportaciones a Brasil correspondieron a alimentos, 
siendo un importante destino para nuestra oferta exportable no tradicional. De hecho, prácticamente 
el 52% de los envíos son embarques no cobre.  
4.334.   Asimismo, Brasil es el principal receptor de la inversión directa de Chile en el exterior, con 
un stock acumulado de US D 37.915  millones en el periodo 1990 -2020, equivalentes a un 28% del 
total de las inversiones chilenas directas en el mundo. Ello a través d e 130  empresas que desarrollan 
más de 260  proyectos.  
4.335.   Profundizar esta relación es prioritario para mi país, más aún en el contexto de las 
dificultades que han enfrentado el comercio y la inversión como efecto de la pandemia, además de 
los desafíos que impo ne la nueva era de la economía digital, con nuevos enfoques sobre el comercio 
de bienes y servicios, la inversión, la innovación tecnológica y científica, así como cadenas globales 
de valor y encadenamientos productivos.  
4.336.   La relación comercial entre Chile y  Brasil se enmarca en el Acuerdo de Complementación 
Económica N ro. 35 Chile -MERCOSUR (ACE N ro. 35), vigente desde hace 26  años con los cuatro 
países fundadores de este bloque.  
4.337.   Esta relación se vio fortalecida por la suscripción en 2018 del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio 
Chile-Brasil que entró en vigencia en enero del presente año y que forma parte del ACE  35 a través 
de su Protocolo N ro. 64.  
4.338.   Este Acuerdo de Libre Comercio incluye disposiciones sobre comercio electrónico, buenas 
prácticas regulatorias, tran sparencia y anticorrupción, cadenas regionales y globales de valor, 
género, medio ambiente y asuntos laborales.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.339.   El capítulo sobre cadenas regionales y globales de valor reviste a este Acuerdo con una visión 
de integración comercial moderna, que permite nu evas oportunidades de negocios a través de la 
articulación de encadenamientos productivos entre empresas de ambos países. En este sentido, 
destaca el capítulo de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas y emprendedores, en el que ambos 
países determinaron apoya r el crecimiento y el desarrollo de las mipymes, aumentando su capacidad 
de participar y beneficiarse de las oportunidades creadas por este Acuerdo.  
4.340.   Me permito destacar, asimismo, el capítulo de Género que tiene como objetivo general 
aumentar la participac ión de la mujer en el comercio internacional. En él se reconoce la importancia 
de incorporar la perspectiva de género en la promoción del crecimiento económico inclusivo y el rol 
fundamental que las políticas de género pueden desempeñar para lograr un desa rrollo económico 
sostenible. Se contemplan actividades de cooperación, entre las que se mencionan la creación de 
capacidades en las esferas de decisión y los directorios corporativos; liderazgo de las mujeres en las 
ciencias, tecnología, ingeniería, matemá ticas, negocios e innovación; educación financiera; 
emprendimiento y el espíritu empresarial; políticas de cuidado y programas con perspectiva de 
género y de responsabilidad social compartida en el sector público y privado; promover proyectos 
conjuntos fin anciados por organismos internacionales; y recolección de información interseccional 
desagregada por sexo.  
4.341.   La fructífera relación entre Chile y Brasil también se enmarca en el diálogo existente entre 
la Alianza del Pacífico y MERCOSUR, instancias que actua lmente se encuentran en conversaciones 
sobre un Memorándum de Entendimiento que establecería una Comisión para la facilitación y 
fortalecimiento del comercio conjunta, con funciones que permitan discutir a nivel político asuntos 
relacionados tanto con la f acilitación de comercio como con las barreras no arancelarias y así poder 
identificar acciones a ser desarrolladas a nivel técnico para facilitar el comercio entre los países de 
ambas instancias.  
4.342.   En el ámbito de la OMC, consideramos a Brasil como un impor tante socio incluyendo la 
participación conjunta en grupos de discusión en materias como agricultura, reforma de la 
Organización y el restablecimiento del mecanismo de solución de diferencias. También coincidimos 
como participantes de las distintas declara ciones de iniciativas conjuntas relativas a comercio 
electrónico, facilitación de las inversiones para el desarrollo, mipymes y reglamentación nacional en 
el ámbito de los servicios.  
4.343.   Brasil también es parte de diálogos relativos al comercio y el empoderam iento económico 
de las mujeres y, más recientemente, al comercio y la sostenibilidad medio ambiental de los que 
Chile también participa y que mi país considera clave para el análisis sobre cómo el comercio puede 
aportar a los esfuerzos por abordar importan tes desafíos actuales.  
4.344.   Para este examen, Chile ha formulado preguntas, entre otras, relacionadas a inversiones, 
reglamentación técnica, servicios, telecomunicaciones, transformación digital, aspectos con 
objetivos de política comercial en el contexto de A mérica del Sur y el MERCOSUR, entre otros.  
4.345.   Asimismo, queremos destacar los programas y políticas que se detallan en el informe del 
Gobierno orientados a incentivar y desarrollar el camino de las mipymes de Brasil en la exportación 
de sus productos y servic ios, así como las políticas que se han incorporado para que más mujeres 
puedan aprovechar los beneficios del comercio exterior.  
4.346.   Finalmente, deseamos a Brasil un exitoso octavo  examen de sus políticas comerciales.  
REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA  
4.347.   La delegación de la Re pública  Dominicana desea agradecer la presentación del informe 
presentado por el Ministro Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director del Departamento de 
Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Brasil. Asimismo, queremos agradece r 
la presentación del Embajador Dr.  Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, Representante Permanente de 
Pakistán.  
4.348.    Los informes presentados muestran como el hermano país de Brasil, al igual que la gran 
mayoría de los Estados Miembros de nuestra Organización, ha tenido q ue redoblar esfuerzos en los 
últimos dos  años para mejorar los fundamentos de la economía y fortalecer la resiliencia WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  macroeconómica, como consecuencia de la pandemia del COVID -19. Observamos como el impacto 
de la pandemia del COVID -19 tuvo un efecto negat ivo en su crecimiento económico, pero con una 
recuperación en el 2021, con estimaciones de crecimiento económico de 4 ,6% en 2021, como 
resultado de las medidas adoptadas.  
4.349.   El informe señala mejoras en el entorno empresarial, pero también las deficiencias ex istentes 
en varias esferas en las que se han emprendido reformas. Sin embargo, también se hace referencia 
a las nuevas amenazas como la inflación y el desempleo.  
4.350.   Con miras a impulsar la productividad, el crecimiento potencial y la calidad de vida de su 
población, en los últimos cinco años Brasil ha adoptado reformas estructurales comerciales y 
relacionadas con el comercio en diversos ámbitos, como las cuestiones reglamentarias e 
institucionales, la privatización y el mercado de trabajo. Estas reformas han t enido resultados 
positivos para las inversiones privadas en los sectores del transporte, la energía, y el agua, entre 
otros. Asimismo, se señala la adopción de medidas fiscales amplias, específicas y limitadas en el 
tiempo, centradas en el gasto sanitario,  la asistencia social y la prestación de apoyo a las empresas 
para contener los despidos.  
4.351.   Observamos que los objetivos de la política comercial del Brasil han continuado siendo el 
desarrollo industrial, la diversificación de la producción, el perfeccionamiento tecnológico, el 
aumento de la competitividad de los productos nacionales y la integra ción en las cadenas de valor 
mundiales y los mercados internacionales, así como la intensificación y diversificación de las 
exportaciones.  
4.352.   Las relaciones formales de la República  Dominicana y Brasil datan de hace más de un siglo. 
Estas relaciones se forta lecen cada día. Actualmente, la República  Dominicana y Brasil no cuentan 
con un acuerdo comercial. Respecto al comercio de mercancías, las exportaciones de la 
República  Dominicana hacia Brasil en los últimos 10  años se han mantenido a niveles bajos, mientr as 
que las importaciones provenientes desde Brasil han alcanzado un promedio de unos 
USD 600 millones, anualmente.  
4.353.   Con relación al comercio de servicios, específicamente respecto al turismo, la 
República  Dominicana recibió en el año 2019, previo a la pandemia, unos 111 .000 turistas 
provenientes de Brasil. En este año 2022 la República  Dominicana espera recibir vía aérea cerca 
de 8 millones de pasajeros, y más de 1 millón de turistas a través de sus puertos turísticos. En este 
sentido, observamos con ag rado cómo el turismo proveniente de Brasil se va acercando a los niveles 
previo a la pandemia.  
4.354.   La delegación de la República  Dominicana quisiera agradecer de antemano a la delegación 
de Brasil por las respuestas a ser ofrecidas a las preguntas que por escr ito presentará nuestro país, 
las cuales merecerán toda nuestra atención.  
4.355.   Al concluir, queremos aprovechar la ocasión para agradecer nuevamente a Brasil y desearle 
un exitoso examen de su política comercial. Deseamos todo lo mejor a su pueblo y su gobierno,  
sobre todo respecto a continuar la mejora en su calidad de vida, y su desarrollo y liderazgo en el 
escenario internacional.  
VIET NAM 
4.356.   Viet Nam would like to thank the delegation of Brazil led by Minister Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel , Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , and 
the WTO Secretariat for their comprehensive reports which created the foundation for our discussion 
today. We would also like to express our appreciation to the discussant , H.E. Ambassador  
Dr Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, Permanent Representative of Pakistan for his insightful comments.  
4.357.   Viet Nam acknowledges Brazil 's major contributions and commitments to the WTO as well 
as its engagement in various processes ongoing in the multilateral tradin g system, particularly its 
active participation in the negotiations during the WTO 's MC12.  
4.358.   Viet Nam commends Brazil achievements as recognized in the Secretariat Report, notably 
in 2021, Brazil was estimated the largest economy in Latin  America and the Car ibbean, the WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  third largest in the Americas, and the twelfth  largest in the world in terms of gross domestic 
product  (GDP). Viet  Nam takes good note that during the review period, Brazil adopted measures to 
simplify regulations, increase transparency, encour age trade, as well as made progress in 
e-government and anti -corruption. Brazil has participated in all WTO joint initiatives and remains 
open to and encourages inward foreign direct investment (FDI). Viet  Nam also notes Brazil 's massive 
efforts in response to COVID -19 through a large, targeted, and time -bound fiscal package focused 
on health spending, social assistance, as well as support to firms and workers, including SMEs.  
4.359.   As regards bilateral trade, Brazil has always been Viet  Nam's biggest trad ing partner in 
Latin America. Since the two countries ' official establishment of diplomatic relations in 1989, bilateral 
trade volume has grown substantially. In 2021, the two -way trade volume hit a record of 
USD 6.36 billion, an increase of 35.2% compared  to 2020; among these, Viet  Nam exports to Brazil 
were USD 2.26 billion, and Brazil 's exports to Viet  Nam were USD 4.1 billion. Positive results are 
maintained in 2022, with a bilateral trade volume of USD 5.05 billion by the end of September, 
up 5.4% over  the same period; among these, Viet  Nam exported to and imported from Brazil were 
USD 1.66 billion and USD 3.38 billion, respectively. We do hope that the two countries can continue 
working closely toward a more balanced trade in the coming time.  
4.360.   Before c oncluding, Viet  Nam would like to register our interest in Brazil 's policy on the 
evaluation of the economy 's market status. We believe that deeper engagement with Brazil on this 
issue will be critical for us to better understanding their approach, thereby  further making use of the 
untapped potentials awaiting the two  countries. This issue was elaborated with some other questions 
which we have sent in writing prior to this meeting to the Brazilian Delegation. We sincerely look 
forward to receiving the respo nse soon.  
4.361.   Last but not least, Viet  Nam would also like to thank H.E . Mr Alexandre  Parola and his team 
at the Mission in Geneva for their active engagement and encourages Brazil to continue playing an 
active role in the WTO to improve the functioning of th e multilateral trading system. Viet  Nam wishes 
Brazil every success in its Trade Policy Review.  
EL SALVADOR  
4.362.   En nombre del gobierno de El  Salvador, me complace darle la bienvenida a la delegación del 
Gobierno del Brasil encabezada por el Ministro Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director del 
Departamento de Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Así mismo, al Ministro 
Braz Baracuhy  Neto en su calidad de Representante Permanen te Adjunto del Brasil ante la OMC y a 
todo el equipo de la Misión Permanente en Ginebra.  
4.363.   Agradezco el informe tan completo realizado por la Secretaría. De igual forma, por las 
concretas y acertadas apreciaciones del ponente, el Sr.  Embajador Muhammad Mujt aba Piracha.  
4.364.   El Salvador considera de suma importancia participar en este ejercicio de transparencia el 
cual asegura el funcionamiento e incentiva la confianza entre los Miembros a nivel multilateral. 
El examen de políticas comerciales de Brasil ofrece un a visión integral, detallada y sistemática de 
las políticas comerciales adoptadas en el período analizado en diferentes áreas de interés para los 
países de la región latinoamericana.  
4.365.   A nivel mundial, todos los Miembros nos encontramos experimentando retos  como 
consecuencia de la crisis derivada de la pandemia, donde nuestras economías se vieron afectadas 
fuertemente por la escasez generalizada de suministros en las cadenas de valor. En ese sentido, es 
importante destacar las medidas fiscales adoptadas por Brasil, las cuales han ayudado a mitiga r el 
impacto de la crisis tanto a la población vulnerable, como en las empresas, quienes juegan un rol 
primordial en el funcionamiento de la economía.  
4.366.   Otro aspecto relevante para mencionar es el enfoque de las medida s adoptadas respecto al 
incremento de productividad y fomento del mercado de trabajo, los cuales generan un efecto positivo 
en la economía y se reflejan en el incremento de la inversión de extrajera directa (IED) en el sector 
servicios. Lo anterior se pued e traducir en un impacto positivo en los niveles de ingreso de la 
población. No obstante, en el reporte de la Secretaría se refleja un incremento en el coeficiente de 
Gini, lo cual indica que al igual que en otras economías, los retos que se tienen en esta  materia.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.367.   En temas comerciales, El  Salvador considera que los pilares de la política comercial del Brasil 
en cuanto al crecimiento de la red de acuerdos comerciales, la modernización de la estructura del 
Arancel Externo Común del MERCOSUR y la reducción de  los obstáculos no arancelarios al comercio 
son estratégicos para alcanzar los objetivos planteados sobre la diversificación de las exportaciones, 
desarrollo industrial, incremento de la competitividad de los productos nacionales  y la integración 
en las ca denas de valor mundiales. En ese sentido, El  Salvador congratula todos los esfuerzos que 
Brasil realiza en materia de modernización y simplificación de reglamentación.  
4.368.   En el marco multilateral, es importante hacer eco sobre la activa participación del Bra sil 
tanto en los comités ordinarios como en las iniciativas conjuntas y todos los temas novedosos que 
recientemente se discuten en esta Organización. Brasil es un Miembro que continuamente promueve 
la transparencia en las medidas adoptadas por los Miembros  y es promotor de un sistema multilateral 
de comercio basado en normas, que permitan lograr un real y efectivo aprovechamiento para los 
países en desarrollo. Al igual que Brasil, El  Salvador impulsa las negociaciones agrícolas, con miras 
a reducir los obst áculos al comercio y facilitar el comercio para nuestros exportadores.  
4.369.   Respecto a las relaciones bilaterales, es importante mencionar que a partir del año 2021 se 
ha registrado inversión extranjera directa de Brasil en El  Salvador, la cual ha tenido un in cremento 
del 16% en el segundo trimestre entre el año 2021 y 2022. Sobre los flujos comerciales, se puede 
evidenciar que estos han tenido una evolución positiva en los últimos años ya que el valor de las 
exportaciones salvadoreñas refleja un crecimiento de  más del doble del 2021 al 2022, teniendo como 
principal producto de exportación herbicidas, inhibidores de germinación y reguladores del 
crecimiento de las plantas. Razón por la cual esperamos que en los próximos años estas relaciones 
puedan consolidar y fortalecer.  
4.370.   Hemos enviado una pregunta a la delegación de Brasil, sobre las medidas adoptadas para 
mejorar el clima empresarial y los acuerdos bilaterales de promoción y protección de las inversiones, 
sobre las cuales estaremos atentos a las respuestas.  
4.371.   No me queda más que desear a Brasil muchos éxitos en este examen.  
ECUADOR  
4.372.   El Ecuador quisiera dar la bienvenida a la delegación de Brasil, encabezada por el Director 
del Departamento de Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Sr.  Fernand o 
Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel. Aunque no esté entre nosotros, quiero enviar un saludo especial a 
mi colega el Embajador Alexand re Parola, por su sólida y profesional gestión al frente de la 
representación de su país en una época crítica por los retos int ernacionales a la economía y al 
comercio. Reconocemos además el análisis y puntos de vista que nos ha presentado hoy el ponente 
a este examen, su excelencia Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, Embajador de Pakistán.  
4.373.   Ecuador augura que la economía brasileña siga por el camino de la recuperación luego de la 
crisis que supuso la pandemia por la COVID -19 y sus secuelas humanas y económicas. Los 
prospectos se presentan positivos, aunque , como todos los países, se requerirá de la continuada 
acción pública y de la sociedad civil hacia propósitos de interés colectivo. Podemos identificar que 
esos esfuerzos se hallan en marcha, de manera organizada y sistemática, según se desprende de 
los rep ortes tanto de la Secretaría como del informe presentado por Brasil. En esos documentos se 
da cuenta de los esfuerzos para fomentar la innovación, fortalecer a las mipymes, y sentar bases 
sólidas que favorezcan la atracción de inversiones, entre otros.  
4.374.   La delegación ecuatoriana ha seguido con particular interés los mecanismos de análisis de 
impacto regulatorio y la implementación del Ombudsman de las Inversiones Directas (OID). 
Esperamos todos estos esfuerzos se reflejen en el fortalecimiento del sistema pr oductivo y la 
concomitante mejora en el  nivel de vida de los brasileños, marcando un buen ritmo para alcanzar 
los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y la Agenda 2030.  
4.375.   Brasil es un importante socio político y comercial del Ecuador. Importamos desde Brasil u na 
amplia gama de productos manufacturados, incluyendo automóviles, maquinaria pesada y 
medicinas. Ese hermano país también es uno de los socios comerciales que nos abastece de trigo. 
En 2021 el valor de las importaciones alcanzó un valor de USD 919 millon es. WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.376.   En 2021, las exportaciones ecuatorianas al mercado brasileño alcanzaron un valor de 
USD 118 millones. Nos gustaría seguir ampliando nuestra relación comercial con Brasil y que 
nuestros productos estrella: banano y camarón expandan su presencia en el mercado brasileño. Por 
otro lado, me complace mencionar que Brasil es una fuente de inversión extranjera directa para el 
Ecuador , USD  299 millones entre los años 2017 y 2021. Esperamos que el clima de inversiones del 
Ecuador, las nuevas medidas que ha toma do mi país para promover las inversiones productivas y la 
magnífica relación entre los dos países, coadyuve al incremento del flujo de IED.  
4.377.   En el marco de la OMC, Ecuador comparte con Brasil su compromiso con el multilateralismo 
y por la aplicación compren siva de las normas de comercio que encuadran la acción de nuestra 
Organización. En ese sentido coincidimos en abogar por el nombramiento de los miembros del 
Órgano de Apelación para el normal funcionamiento del Mecanismo de Solución de Diferencias, a fin 
de reconstituir la institucionalidad del sistema multilateral de comercio.  
4.378.   En honor al tiempo no voy a referir otras positivas posiciones de Brasil en la OMC y sus 
órganos subsidiarios con las que coincide Ecuador. Sin embargo, me permitirá solo recordar qu e 
junto con Brasil y otros países latinoamericanos, impulsamos en el marco de la 12ª  Conferencia 
Ministerial de la OM C, la presentación de una declaración conjunta sobre las negociaciones agrícolas. 
En ella hemos dado cuenta del interés que tenemos de prom over la reforma de las reglas conforme 
el mandato del artículo  20 del Acuerdo de Agricultura, con el fin de, a través del comercio, preservar 
la seguridad alimentaria y garantizar el desarrollo sostenible.  
4.379.   Ecuador ha remitido preguntas para consideración d e Brasil, por medio de la Secretaría, 
aguardamos con interés sus gentiles respuestas a las mismas.  
4.380.   Para concluir, auguro éxitos a Brasil en este examen de política comercial.  
TÜRKIYE  
4.381.   We welcome the delegation of Brazil headed by Minister Fernando Meirelle s de Azevedo 
Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  
4.382.   We thank the Secretariat and the Government of Brazil for their detailed reports as well as 
discussant Ambassador Dr  Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha of Pakistan for  his invaluable remarks.  
4.383.   During the review period, although effected by the pandemic, Brazil 's economy continued to 
be one of the biggest economies in the world.  
4.384.   Trade and trade related structural reforms were driving force behind its economic success 
which also contributed to its multilateral trade outlook.  
4.385.   We commend Brazil 's active participation in negotiations, discussions and work of the WTO 
regular bodies. We are pleased to collaborate with Brazil in all joint statement initiatives.  
4.386.   Brazil is one o f our strategic partners in Latin  America. We see Brazil not only as a key 
partner in its region, but also as a global player. In this regard, we support Brazil 's OECD 
membership.  
4.387.   Brazil is our largest trading partner in the Latin  America and Caribbean reg ion and we still 
have an untapped potential.  
4.388.   We are happy that our annual trade volume reached almost USD 5 billion in 2021. As agreed, 
we should aim to increase this figure to USD 10 billion.  
4.389.   Having said that, we should try to make our bilateral trade more balanced.  
4.390.   In this regard, we believe that holding the next meeting of Joint Economic Commission would 
be helpful.  
4.391.   We consider that an FTA between Türkiye and MERCOSUR will also increase our trade. We 
expect Brazil 's support in resuming FTA nego tiations.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.392.   On the investment side, Türkiye 's direct investments in Brazil have reached USD 41 million 
in 2021.  
4.393.   In addition, Istanbul -São Paulo  flights of Turkish  Airlines have been operating successfully 
since 2009. Turkish  Airline 's flights have brought our countries closer together and contributed to 
the development of both our commercial relations as well as social and cultural ties.  
4.394.   We hope that we will further develop our relations in every possible field.  
4.395.   In conclusion, we would like to take this opp ortunity to thank our good friend 
Alexandre  Parola and wish him all the best in his new assignment, and I would also like to thank the 
Permanent Mission of Brazil to the WTO for the excellent preparation for this review, as well as their 
important contribu tions to WTO activities.  
4.396.   We wish Brazil a successful Trade Policy Review.  
JAPAN  
4.397.   Japan welcomes the distinguished delegation of Brazil, headed by the Minister Fernando 
Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry o f Foreign 
Affairs of Brazil. Japan also expresses its appreciation to the Government of Brazil and to the WTO 
Secretariat for their respective reports produced for this review, as well as to the discussant, 
H.E. Dr Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, Ambassador of P akistan for his insightful illustration.  
4.398.   Brazil 's economy, in this review period, was affected among others by our common challenge 
of COVID -19 pandemic, before it reported last year a good recovery, supported by its physical 
response policy targeted to th e most vulnerable, and improvements in its terms of trade.   
4.399.   Japan commends Brazil's efforts, including during this difficult period, to improve its 
investment and business environment. We further look forward to initiatives to address issues 
including the  complexities in its tax system and improvements in infrastructure. And in those future 
efforts, we count on the Government of Brazil to continue to collaborate with, and attend the needs 
of, the private sector including foreign business operating in Brazi l. 
4.400.   Japan and Brazil are strategic global partners sharing fundamental values, and have nurtured 
a friendly relation with history, supported by ties among our people, Japanese migrants ' descendants 
in Brazil and the Brazilian community in Japan. We have sub stantive, mutually complementary trade 
relations with a good diversity.   
4.401.   As a recent example of our extensive collaboration agenda, July this year, two countries ' 
Ministries of Environments signed a declaration for promoting bilateral environmental cooper ation 
and response to climate change, including towards creation of market mechanism for reduction and 
sequestration of greenhouse gas emissions and further creation of investment opportunities for 
green projects. We are committed to deepen and advance our  diverse economic collaboration agenda 
of mutual interest.   
4.402.   In recent years, Brazil has made extensive efforts to advance its FTA and other external 
trade agenda, including those of MERCOSUR. We appreciate those efforts complement and 
strengthen the Multilateral Trading System. Japan also welcomes the long -waited commencement 
of Brazil's OECD accession process. We will contribute to the advancement of the process.  
4.403.   Lastly but not the least, Japan commends Brazil's active engagement in all aspects of th is 
institution, including her contribution of inspirations on the WTO reform, its active participation in 
the Joint Statement Initiative projects, as well as the efforts currently underway for its accession to 
two plurilateral agreements of the WTO. This d elegation would like to join the previous speakers, in 
expressing our appreciation to the contribution made and insights shared Ambassador 
Alexandr e Parola in his days in Geneva.  
4.404.   We find in Brazil a very strong partner in maintaining and strengthening the multilateral 
trading system with the WTO at its core, and look forward to further collaborating with Brazil.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.405.   In conclusion, we wish the delegation of Brazil a successful Trade Policy Review.  
INDONESIA  
4.406.   Indonesia warmly welcomes the Brazilian delegation, led  by Minister Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel, for the eighth  Brazilian Trade Policy Review.  
4.407.   Indonesia appreciates and thanks Brazil for providing a concise and clear Government Report 
outlining important information on Brazil's trade, trade -related and investment policies, including its 
domestic trade strategy and its participation in international trade for a and negotiations. We would 
also like to commend the WTO Secretariat for providing a Report to Members, which provides more 
insight into this review process.  
4.408.   We thank the TPRB Chair, Ambassador Ángel Villalobos of Mexico, as well as our appreciation 
to the TPR discussant, Ambassador Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha of Pakistan, for their insightful 
perspectives.  
4.409.   Today's Review is an important avenu e for Indonesia in terms of trade relations with Brazil. 
From Indonesia's perspective, we see significant opportunities for Indonesia and Brazil to expand 
mutually beneficial trade with greater involvement and room for improvement, given Brazil's 
importanc e as a strategic market and country in the South  American region. This establishes Brazil 
as a possible export destination for Indonesia.  
4.410.   We appreciate the Brazilian Government for not obstructing Indonesian imports. However, 
Indonesia observes that our tr ade has been volatile over the past five years. Our total trade 
decreased in 2018 and 2019 to USD  2.95 billion and USD  2.94 billion, respectively.  
4.411.   In 2021, palm kernel oil and babassu, palm oil, natural rubber, motorcycle parts and 
accessories, as well as gear boxes and their components dominate Indonesia's exports to Brazil. 
Meanwhile, oilcake, raw cane sugar, cotton, iron ore, and tobacco dominate Indonesia's imports 
from Brazil.  
4.412.   Collaboration between Indonesia and Brazil through the Indonesia - MERCOSUR 
Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IM -CEPA) negotiations is expected to stimulate 
economic development, expand the value chain, and improve the welfare of both parties, especially 
in the post -pandemic recovery context.  
4.413.   According to the Secretaria t Report, Brazil's economy has recovered from the COVID -19 
pandemic to around 4.6% in 2021. This is due to the government 's strong policy response, booming 
terms of trade, a pick -up in commodity prices, recovery in domestic and external demand, and 
robust private sector credit growth.  
4.414.   Indonesia believes that the efforts of the Brazilian Government to improve the business 
environment have made the Brazilian economy more competitive.  
4.415.   Nevertheless, despite all of its achievements, Brazil has introduced some tr ade policies and 
regulation during the period of review in which Indonesia seeks clarifications and elaboration, such 
as: (1) the implementation of the TFA, particularly in terms of transparency and NCTF; (2) market 
competition in the telecommunications se ctor; and (3) Brazil's new regulation regarding 
transnational subsidy.  
4.416.   Furthermore, Indonesia hopes that the approval procedure process for fishery products can 
be carried out in a transparent manner, with undue delays, given the high demand for and potent ial 
for Indonesian fishery products in the Brazilian market.  
4.417.   Indonesia has submitted a number of further written questions regarding these issues, and 
we look forward to further responses and clarifications from Brazil.  
4.418.   Indonesia believes that the TPR proc ess can become a forum for overcoming these problems, 
with the hope that in the future it can increase trade and economic cooperation between Indonesia 
and Brazil.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.419.   Finally, I would like to end my remarks by conveying once again my deepest appreciation to 
the Brazilian delegation for its hard work and wishing Brazil every success in its eight  Trade Policy 
Review . 
JAMAICA  
4.420.   Jamaica joins other delegations in extending a warm welcome to the Brazilian delegation 
headed by Honourable Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy 
Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We also extend thanks to you Chair for the 
arrangements for the meeting, and commend our discussant, Ambassador Muhammad Mujtaba 
Piracha for the insight provided on issue s emanating from the Report of the Brazilian Government. 
In this regard, we thank the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the WTO Secretariat 
for their comprehensive reports.  
4.421.   Brazil was among the first Latin  American countries with which Ja maica established 
diplomatic relations following our independence in 1962. This year, therefore, marks 60  years of 
friendly bilateral relations. Since then, our cooperation has continued to thrive, covering a wide 
range of issues including energy, health, trade, culture, and investment. Although the bilateral trade 
balance is in the favour of Brazil, we believe there is significant potential for future expansion of the 
economic and trade relationship between our countries.  
4.422.   Jamaica and Brazil have held seve ral high -level exchanges and cooperate within multiple 
international fora such as the United  Nations. Jamaica also has a strong intra -regional institutional 
relationship with Brazil within the context of the Community of Latin  American and Caribbean States  
(CELAC), and the Organi zation of American States (OAS).  
4.423.   We look forward to continuing our bilateral, regional, and multilateral cooperation in this 
regard.  
4.424.   Brazil 's continued investments in various fields such as energy, health, defence, food and 
agricult ure and trade make it a formidable player in global trade. Also, a major player in the global 
food chains, Brazil has cemented its place in the global trading system.  
4.425.   Before the onset of the COVID -19 pandemic, Brazil registered modest growth of 1.8% and 
1.2% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The World  Bank reported that it had one of the highest tolls 
globally in terms of lives lost and did not escape the negative effects of the COVID -19 pandemic. In 
addition to vaccination, Brazil undertook other measures su ch as the adoption of fiscal, monetary, 
and regulatory measures to alleviate the impacts, including on the country 's economy. These 
initiatives were effective in saving lives, restoring consumer and business confidence, and lowering 
unemployment.  
4.426.   We welcom e the Brazilian government 's commitment to deepening its integration into the 
global economy through its implementation of various legislative and other policy initiatives. We 
take note that Brazil has pursued an ambitious supply -side reform agenda, including structural and 
institutional reforms. We further note positively its enactment of the Economic Freedom Act (Law 
No. 13,874/2019), Regulatory Agencies Law, Business Environment Act, Legal Framework for 
Science, technology, and Innovation (Decree N o. 9,283/2018), as well as Legal Framework for 
Startups and Innovative Entrepreneurship (Supplementary Law No.  182/2021). We support the 
government 's action to improve the regulatory framework of its financial system and enhance the 
transparency of its pro curement processes at all levels of government.  
4.427.   Like Jamaica, Brazil has sought to take advantage of the benefits of trade. Remarkably, its 
foreign trade increased from 24.3% in 2017 to 39.2% in 2021, notwithstanding the impact of the 
pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Moreover, during the period under review, Brazil experienced significant 
surpluses in goods trade, with exports to Asia registering the biggest increase among the 
destinations of Brazilian exports. Brazil has also undertaken steps to reduce the cost of government 
intervention on foreign trade operations; thereby, enhancing trade with its partners. We further 
commend the Government 's upgrading of its Integrated Foreign Trade System (SISCOMEX), as well 
as the launch of its National IP Strategy.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.428.   Indeed, Brazil has sought to broaden its network of trade partners through the negotiation 
of new, bilateral, regional, and extra regional trade agreements. We note positively from the 
Government 's Report that it has sought to strengthen regional economic integration through regional 
trade agreements including the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), the Latin  American 
Integration Association (LAIA/ALADI), and Brazil -Chile free trade agreement. We note further that 
other negotiations under MERCOSUR are ongoin g.  
4.429.   Jamaica and Brazil place a high value on a well -functioning multilateral trading system. We 
commend the Government 's active participation in the work of the WTO. In line with its belief that 
the Organi zation is a central pillar of the global governance  system, Brazil has participated in 
negotiations aimed at advancing work on several issues on the WTO 's agenda including agriculture, 
dispute settlement, TRIPS, fisheries subsidies, and WTO reform. We also commend the delegation 
of Brazil, particularly und er the leadership of Brazil 's former Ambassador to the WTO, H .E. Alexandre 
Parola, for its active participation across WTO committees, including  the Trade Facilitation 
Committee.  
4.430.   We, however, note that several delegations have raised concerns related to B razil's limited 
progress on the 2021 tax reform; criteria for participation in and benefits from the Brasil Mais 
initiative; rules of procedure providing better protection to investors; measures affecting imports 
and exports; intellectual property rights a mong others. We hope that the Brazilian delegation can 
provide comprehensive responses that allays Members ' concerns, and safeguard the effective 
operations of the WTO, and the multilateral trading system.  
4.431.   Jamaica thanks the Brazilian delegation to the WTO  for their continued constructive 
engagement in the work of the Organi zation, particularly as we move to implement the outcomes of 
the MC12 and begin preparations for the MC13.  
4.432.   In closing, Jamaica once more extends its best wishes to Brazil for a successfu l Trade Policy 
Review.  
MAURITIUS  
4.433.   Mauritius would like to welcome the delegation from the Republic of Brazil led by 
H.E. Minister Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of 
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil.  
4.434.   We thank the Secretariat and the Government of Brazil for their reports. We also thank 
Ambassador Dr  Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha of Pakistan for his insightful remarks as discussant for 
this TPR.  
4.435.   Mauritius congratulates Brazil for the successfully led general elections last month. We 
applaud the upholding of democratic principles.  
4.436.   Today, Brazil stands in the top tier of the largest economies in the world, the largest economy 
in Latin  America and the third largest in the Americas. We commend the progress the cou ntry has 
continuously and made the resilience it has shown post -covid.  
4.437.   Brazil was thus able to overturn the -3.9% contraction in GDP growth in 2020 and making 
it bounce back to 4.6% in 2021.  
4.438.   Brazil has always been a significant exporter of agricultural pr oducts to the world market 
thus contributing to overall food security.  
4.439.   We note that the country maintains relatively low levels of domestic support to its 
agricultural sector, which reflects its competitiveness and the sustainability of its practices.  
4.440.   We support Brazil 's view that it is important to reform the rules on agriculture to ensure 
fairer trade whilst bearing in mind that not all countries have the same competitive capacity e.g. 
SIDS.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.441.   We also appreciate Brazil 's participation in new issues includi ng the JSIs on domestic 
regulations, e -commerce, MSMEs and investment facilitation.  
4.442.   We also note with interest that in 2019, Brazil decided to begin to forgo the use of special 
and differential treatment in current and future WTO negotiations. We are curio us to know whether 
Brazil also intends not to avail of the various GSP Schemes from which it currently benefits.  
4.443.   We also note with interest Brazil 's decision to allow the privatization of two important 
state-owned enterprises in 2022 relating to port autho rity and electricity and the disinvestments in 
other SOE 's dealing with storage and port authority. We see this as Brazil 's pursuit of its 
competitiveness agenda. We see this continued stepping up of competitiveness also in Brazil 's 
expansion of its networ k of trade agreements.  
4.444.   On a bilateral, Mauritius and Brazil are geographically distant and not surprisingly bilateral 
trade is not what it could be.  
4.445.   Both our countries and producers of sugar and whilst Mauritius could never have the 
competitiveness of an e conomy of scale like Brazil, we believe that our two countries could benefit 
from knowledge sharing and technology transfer.  
4.446.   Brazil will play an important role in shaping the post -pandemic global economy. We look 
forward to work with the delegation in Gen eva to help build a fair and inclusive future for the 
multilateral trade system.  
4.447.   In conclusion, Mauritius, would like to extend its compliments to Brazil for the very active 
role it plays in the WTO through the dynamic contribution made by Ambassador Alexa ndre Parola 
until his departure for Paris and also by the Brazilian DPR.  
4.448.   We wish Brazil a successful Trade Policy Review.  
CABO  VERDE  
4.449.   La délégation  du Cabo  Verde souhaite chaleureusement la bienvenue au ministre Fernando 
Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Directeur du Département de la politique commerciale du Ministère 
des affaires étrangères, et à sa distinguée délégation. Elle félicite le Brésil et le  Secrétariat pour le 
rapport présenté. Ma délégation souhaite également féliciter l'Ambassadeur Alexandre Parola, ancien 
Représentant permanent du Brésil pour son travail à l'OMC ces dernières années, ainsi que le Chargé 
d'Affaires à l'occasion du huitième  examen de la politique commerciale du Brésil.  
4.450.   Le Brésil a connu des changements économiques importants au cours de la période 
examinée. L'augmentation de 40% du commerce extérieur du Brésil est le résultat des réformes 
commerciales et économiques du pays . Cela inclut l'amélioration de l'environnement commercial. 
Alors que l'économie subissait le contrecoup de la pandémie de COVID -19, nous constatons que le 
Brésil a continué à travailler à son redressement.  
4.451.   En outre, le plan national d'exportation culturel le est également un exemple significatif de 
l'engagement du Brésil à améliorer la participation des MPME aux exportations et à rationaliser les 
processus commerciaux. L'un des exemples est également la poursuite des travaux sur le 
programme de guichet uniq ue, qui permet aux commerçants et aux entreprises du monde entier 
d'accéder facilement aux marchés brésiliens. Nous félicitons également le Brésil pour avoir réduit la 
bureaucratie en modernisant les approbations réglementaires de l'Institut national de mé trologie, 
de qualité et de technologie, ce qui contribue à consolider la position du Brésil dans le commerce 
mondial.  
4.452.   Le Cabo  Verde reconnaît la participation exceptionnelle du Brésil à l'OMC et ses engagements 
depuis des décennies. Le Brésil reste attaché  à cette institution et à ses engagements.  
4.453.   Les efforts du Brésil pour étendre ses partenariats au -delà de la région par le biais d'accords 
commerciaux sont également notables. Nous nous réjouissons de la mention, dans les rapports de 
la délégation du Brési l et du Secrétariat, des nombreuses initiatives de coopération bilatérale entre 
le Brésil et le Cabo  Verde, parmi lesquelles figurent des règlements techniques et des accords sur WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  les services aériens. Parmi celles -ci, nous aimerions faire référence à la co opération douanière, aux 
règlements techniques et aux accords de services aériens et aux protocoles d'accord avec le 
Cabo Verde, ainsi qu'aux négociations sur les 7e droits de trafic pour toutes les cargaisons. Ce sont 
des éléments très importants de l'int égration et des relations commerciales.  
4.454.   Pour conclure, nous souhaitons au Brésil de réussir cet EPC et le félicitons pour sa 
transformation économique et son engagement continu à développer le commerce aux niveaux 
régional et multilatéral.  
BARBADOS  
4.455.   Barbados wishes to congratulate Brazil on the eighth  Review of its trade policies and 
practices. I would like to welcome and commend the entire delegation of Brazil, led by Fernando 
Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel , Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs . 
4.456.   We thank our discussant Dr  Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of Pakistan to the WTO, for his analytical and insightful remarks.  
4.457.   Brazil is a key player in global trade and a traditionally stro ng advocate of a robust 
multilateral trading system. We look forward to seeing this commitment continue and to Brazil 's 
continued support of the specific vulnerabilities of small island states and small vulnerable 
economies.  
4.458.   Barbados recogni zes the effort s taken by Brazil, since its last Review in 2017, to improve its 
economic fundamentals and strengthen macroeconomic resilience. We commend the Government 
of Brazil for the efforts made to address the impact of the poly crisis on its economy and its 
commitm ent to increase the productivity and competitiveness of its economy.  
4.459.   During the review period, Brazil participated actively in the work at the WTO, for example, 
in all the WTO joint statement initiatives. We also recall your ongoing accession to the 
WTO Agreement  on Government Procurement (GPA) and your application to join the Agreement on 
Trade in Civil Aircraft. This is all a testament to your commitment to a rules -based multilateral 
trading system.  
4.460.   Barbados has also taken good note of Brazil 's March  2019, announcement that it would begin 
to forgo special and differential treatment in WTO negotiations. This was an important political 
statement and we commend Brazil for however continuing to recognize the important role of Special 
and Differentiated Treatm ent for LDCs, small economies and other low income developing countries.  
4.461.   Brazil has based its trade agenda on three pillars: (i)  the promotion of trade agreements; 
(ii) the modernization of the tariff structure; and (iii)  the reduction of non -tariff barrie rs. 
Consequently, import tariffs have been reduced by 20 % across -the-board and unilaterally, and a 
significant number of items no longer require import licen ces. 
4.462.   Structural reforms have been undertaken to make the Brazilian economy more open, 
efficient, an d business -friendly. We note, for instance, that it has successfully approved new 
regulatory frameworks for sectors such as sanitation, natural gas, start -ups, telecommunications, 
railways, and ports, leveraging private sector investment commitments of the  order of 
USD 200 billion  over the next 10 years. There is much for other developing countries to learn from 
the Brazilian experience and I hope that Brazil will remain committed to south -south cooperation, 
including around the Aid for Trade agenda.  
4.463.    At the bilateral level, Barbados and Brazil have maintained consistent trade ties over the 
years. For instance, in 2019, bilateral trade totalled USD 16.9 million with the bilateral trade balance 
in favour of Brazil, with a surplus of USD 16.7 million. There i s, of course, scope for increased trade 
as we explore a diversification of trading activities between the two countries. This is an area that 
we would be very keen to move forward on especially in services, cultural exchange, and green 
technology.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.464.   To concl ude, Barbados acknowledges the initiatives and reforms undertaken by the 
Government of Brazil to improve the business environment for trade and investment to thrive and 
recogni zes its efforts to safeguard a transparent and predictable rules -based multilateral trading 
system. We stand ready to continue working closely with Brazil across the various WTO bodies and 
processes to strengthen and enhance an equitable and efficient multilateral trading system.  
4.465.   Barbados again congratulates the entire delega tion of Brazil for their engagement and we 
wish them a successful Trade Policy Review.  
ANGOLA  
4.466.   The delegation of the Republic of Angola would like to warmly congratulate Brazil, a sister 
country, on its eighth Trade Policy Review, public presentation and di scussion. The Official Report 
clearly stresses Brazil 's increased integration into the international trading system as a pivotal factor 
in fostering productivity, economic competitiveness and growth.  
4.467.   In fact, since 2019, Brazil has been pursuing a trade a genda based on three associated 
pillars: (i)  intensification of the trade agreements network; (ii)  modernization of the MERCOSUR 
tariff structure; and (iii)  trade facilitation. To this fact, one can observe that Brazil has removed part 
of its import licen ces, reformed its contributions to food security, and has, accordingly, eliminated 
several trade distortions, namely in the agricultural sector, which are positive contributions for 
enhancing fair trade opportunities for developing countries, especially the  LDC.  
4.468.   However, and despite promising GDP growth from 2017, Brazil's social fabric, economy, and 
trade were affected dramatically by the outbreak of the COVID -19 pandemic, which impacted the 
country's economic recovery and financial stabilization process. As in most countries worldwide, 
Brazil adopted several state -sponsored social measures to provide financial assistance to the 
population, companies, and vulnerable communities. The cost of these measures has amounted to 
approximately 8.5% of GDP, which led  to a fiscal primary deficit equivalent to 10% of GDP, 
increasing public debt to 88.59% in December  2020. Regardless of these undesirable figures, Angola 
acknowledges the sound economic recovery of Brazil registered since early 2022, namely through 
an incr ease in employment and an improvement in business and consumer confidence, as well as a 
renewed compromise to support the multilateral trading system and to resume an active role in the 
WTO.  
4.469.   The Angola delegation commends the exhaustive 200 -page Report fr om the WTO Secretariat 
that provides a thorough review of Brazil 's economic environment in the last five years, trade and 
investment regimes, trade policies and measures by sectors, including detailed reviews of 
agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining, en ergy, to name a few.  
4.470.   Angola and Brazil are much more than friendly countries or trade partners. Millions of 
Angolans, from the early 16th century, were sent to Brazil as slaves to work in the sugar plantations, 
thus creating a deeply rooted relationship. Angola will not forget the role that Brazil played in the 
first years of its independence, helping Angola rebuild an economy devastated by the colonial war.  
4.471.   Accordingly, our trade relations were increasing in the last 25  years at a 6.5% annual rate. 
Howeve r, due to the pandemic, it registered a downturn in 2020, where Brazilian exports to Angola 
reached the amount of USD  350 million , and Angolan exports to Brazil were reduced to a mere 
USD 179 million . Therefore, there is an enormous set of trade, investmen ts, and cooperation 
opportunities to be renewed, and Angola is confident and hopeful that the democratic election of 
President Lula  da Silva, a long -term friend of Angola, will reopen a new era of bilateral trade 
development, multidisciplinary cooperation and reinvestment in our country 's economic priorities, 
on reindustrialization, agri -business , logistics, technologies, and education.  
4.472.   Dear Chair, discussant, and Head of the Brazilian delegation, we are thankful for your 
attention, and we strongly recommen d Brazil's Trade Policy Review with the utmost positive 
appreciation.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  PARAGUAY  
4.473.   La República del Paraguay quisiera extender una cordial bienvenida a la delegación de Brasil 
en este octavo examen de las políticas comerciales, en especial al Ministro Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel, Director del Departamento de Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones  
Exteriores. De igual manera, quisiéramos agradecerle a usted por la cond ucción de este examen y 
al Embajador  Piracha de Pakistán por su excelente ponencia, así como a la Secretaría por la 
elaboración del exhaustivo informe.  
4.474.   Paraguay comparte con el país hermano objeto de examen la calidad de socio fundador y la 
participación en uno de los bloques comerciales con mayor incidencia en la región. Al igual que el 
Brasil, la política comercial del Paraguay está estrechamente ligada a su participación en el 
MERCOSUR, y en este sentido, luego de 31  años desde su fundación, podemos con statar que el 
MERCOSUR se ha convertido en una plataforma de proyección internacional conjunta.  
4.475.   Como bien lo señala el informe de la Secretaría, el periodo objeto de examen fue desafiante 
como consecuencia de la pandemia causada por la COVID -19. Sin embar go, los sectores productivos 
vinculados con la exportación, particularmente el sector agrícola y agrícola procesado fueron los que 
manifestaron un mejor desempeño.  
4.476.   En este sentido, compartimos los intereses de fortalecer este sector, así como el sector de 
manufacturas de origen industrial por su importancia e impacto socioeconómico para el MERCOSUR 
y seguir trabajando para lograr un mayor acceso a los mercados de nuestros productos en las 
negociaciones multilaterales, regionales y bilaterales.  
4.477.   Con respecto a los temas comunes de la agenda MERCOSUR, hacemos énfasis en el proceso 
de revisión del Arancel Externo Común y la intensa actividad en el ámbito del relacionamiento 
externo.  
4.478.   Con respecto a la agenda intra -MERCOSUR, durante la pasada presidenci a pro  tempore de 
Paraguay durante el primer semestre del corriente año, hemos acordado la reducción del 10% del 
Arancel Externo Común luego de intensas negociaciones.  
4.479.   En el ámbito externo, hemos concluido un acuerdo de última generación con Singapur, el 
primero con un país del sudeste asiático, estamos en la etapa de revisión legal para su firma en el 
más breve plazo.  
4.480.   En ese contexto el Paraguay reitera su posición de que las mismas se deben encuadrar en 
el marco de la letra y el espíritu de los textos fund acionales de nuestro bloque.  
4.481.   Esperamos continuar estrechando nuestros vínculos comerciales con otros Miembros a 
través del MERCOSUR. Debemos reconocer la importante labor del bloque en la búsqueda y apertura 
de nuevos mercados y destacar el avance de las n egociaciones extra regionales. Hemos concluido 
negociaciones para un Acuerdo de Asociación con la Unión  Europea y EFTA hace un tiempo atrás y 
esperamos dar los pasos necesarios para su pronta suscripción. Igualmente, la agenda externa de 
nuestro bloque inc luye negociaciones con Canadá, la República de Corea  y Líbano, así como diálogos 
exploratorios con otros importantes países y grupo de países.  
4.482.   Por otro lado, no podemos dejar de resaltar los esfuerzos del bloque para la superación de 
las asimetrías y la cr eación del Fondo para la Convergencia Estructural del MERCOSUR (FOCEM), 
que ha financiado proyectos que promueven la convergencia estructural, el desarrollo de la 
competitividad, la cohesión social y el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad entre los Est ados parte, 
con una cartera de proyectos por USD 1.548  millones para el financiamiento de 49  proyectos.  
4.483.   En el ámbito de la OMC, nos gustaría destacar el trabajo conjunto con Brasil en distintos 
temas, en particular, en materia de agricultura en el context o del Grupo de Cairns, en la búsqueda 
de mayor acceso a mercados a través de la reforma agrícola mandatada por el artículo  20 del 
Acuerdo sobre Agricultura. De igual manera, Paraguay desea felicitar el liderazgo de Brasil en 
propuestas relativas a acceso a  los mercados, en el ámbito de PSH, TE SSD, y a su vez sus 
contribuciones a las discusiones en otros temas como el comercio electrónico, la facilitación de 
inversiones para el desarrollo, el empoderamiento económico de la mujer y las mipymes, iniciativas WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  en las que participamos por la importancia que revisten estos temas como respuesta a los desafíos 
del siglo  XXI. 
4.484.   Asimismo, quiero aprovechar esta oportunidad para reiterar la disposición de mi país para 
seguir trabajando en la necesaria reforma de la OMC, pa ra tener un sistema multilateral de comercio, 
basado en reglas claras, previsibles y transparentes, reiterando un trato especial y diferenciado para 
los miembros en desarrollo sin litoral.  
4.485.   En nombre de mi país, reitero mis felicitaciones a quienes tienen a  su cargo la conducción 
de este examen, a la delegación de Brasil, con una especial mención a los delegados de la Misión 
Permanente de Brasil en Ginebra, por su siempre activa participación y contribución a los trabajos 
de esta Organización.  
PANAMÁ  
4.486.   La Misión Permanente de Panamá ante la OMC desea felicitar atentamente a S .E. Fernando 
Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Jefe de Delegación y a toda la delegación brasileña por su destacada 
preparación en su octavo examen de políticas comerciales. Felicit amos  también a todo el equipo en 
la Misión Permanente de Brasil en Ginebra  bajo el liderazgo, hasta muy recientemente, del  
Embajador  Alexandre  Parola , a quien le deseamos éxito en sus nuevas responsabilidades.  
4.487.   Agradecemos también al Embajador Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha de Pakistán, ponente en 
este examen, por su excelente análisis que capturó el entorno actual de las políticas comerciales de 
Brasil. También deseamos encomiar la labor de la Secretaría y de las autoridades brasileñas por la 
elaboración los respecti vos reportes.  
4.488.   Brasil es un país de gran importancia para Panamá y para el mundo. Brasil es el cuarto 
exportador mundial en granos que llegan a 800  millones de personas en el mundo; por ende, tiene 
un rol muy importante que jugar en la seguridad alimentaria  mundial.  
4.489.   En el periodo objeto de examen, al igual que muchos países, Brasil sufrió las consecuencias 
de la pandemia COVID -19, que afectó fuertemente su economía.  
4.490.   Sin embargo, en el 2021, los avances en la vacunación y la flexibilización de las medidas 
restrictivas comenzaron a tener efectos económicos positivos. En el 2022, la economía brasileña ya 
muestra indicios de una recuperación sostenida, con un aumento y una mejora de la confianza de 
las empresas y los consumidores. Esperamos que estos pronósticos  se cumplan.  
4.491.    En términos de la relación bilateral, tradicionalmente, la balanza comercial con Brasil es 
deficitaria para Panamá. En el 2018 alcanzó USD -235 millones . Mas recientemente en el 2020, 
debido a la pandemia de la COVID -19, la balanza comercial disminuyó. Por su parte, Panamá importó 
de Brasil: partes para máquinas, medicamentos, muebles de madera, agrícolas, entre otros. Las 
exportaciones de Panamá bajaron en un 75%, de USD 8 millones  en el 2018 a USD 2 millones  
en 2020.  
4.492.   Esperamos que el mejoram iento de la condición sanitaria en nuestros países permita que el 
intercambio comercial regrese, o supere, a los niveles prepandemia.  
4.493.   Los principales productos exportados hacia Brasil fueron: tabaco, desechos de aluminio y 
pescado.  
4.494.   Destacamos el Memorando  de Entendimiento firmado en el 2018 entre la Asociación de 
Productores de Soja y Maíz de Mato Grosso (Aprosoja) de Brasil, con el Canal  de Panamá. Es un 
tema importante para la seguridad alimentaria mundial. El tránsito de graneleros por el 
Canal  de Panam á representó alrededor del 22 ,2% de los tránsitos totales de la vía interoceánica 
durante el año fiscal 2018.  
4.495.   Panamá comparte el objetivo de Brasil de apoyar a las pymes y empresas emergentes, y 
fomentar el espíritu empresarial innovador. En ese sentido, n os complace conocer sobre la Ley 
Complementaria N ro. 182/2021.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.496.   Dicha ley tiene múltiples objetivos: reduce los trámites burocráticos para las empresas más 
pequeñas, aumenta la protección jurídica de los inversores en empresas emergentes, establece 
medidas  para incrementar el capital riesgo disponible para dichas empresas, y establece un 
procedimiento de contratación pública para la adquisición de soluciones innovadoras. Panamá estará 
siguiendo con mucho interés los resultados de esta Ley.  
4.497.   Cabe resaltar tam bién que nuestros países cooperan constantemente de manera bilateral en 
distintos ámbitos de interés mutuo como: energía, medio ambiente, educación y agricultura, como 
fuera evidenciado por la primera  Reunión del Grupo de Trabajo de Cooperación Técnica entre los 
Gobiernos de Panamá y Brasil, que concluyó con seis proyectos de cooperación técnica destinados 
a fortalecer las capacidades técnicas instaladas en las instituciones panameñas.  
4.498.   Queremos felicit ar a Brasil por su activa participación en el sistema multilateral de comercio 
y en la OMC.  
NEPAL  
4.499.   My delegation welcomes the delegation of Brazil led by H.E.  Minister Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Mi nistry of Foreign Affairs. 
Nepal commends him for the insightful highlights of Brazil 's eight Trade Policy Review at the 
beginning of the meeting. I appreciate H.E.  Dr Piracha, Ambassador of Pakistan for his 
comprehensive deliberation as discussant of this  review meeting.  
4.500.   My delegation commends the Government of Brazil and the WTO Secretariat for valuable 
reports. These reports have shed light on understanding the major initiatives and progress in trade 
and investment regimes in Brazil during the review pe riod.  
4.501.   My delegation considers that the periodic review mechanism of trade policies of Members as 
a key element of the multilateral trading system embodied in the WTO, contributing to a more 
transparent and comprehensive understanding of Members' trade pol icies and regulatory 
frameworks.  
4.502.   I am pleased to take good note of 4.6% GDP growth in 2021 after an efficient recovery from 
the COVID -19 as a result of  timely adopted support measures, booming terms of trade, and a pick -up 
in commodity prices, among others. Government's initiatives in reforming trade and investment 
regimes especially focusing on boosting productivity, potential growth, and living standar ds, among 
others, remained praiseworthy during the review period.  
4.503.   I commend Brazil's openness to international trade and its integration into the world 
economy which can be reflected in continuous rise of trade to GDP ratio from 24.3% in 2017 to 
39.2% in 2021.  
4.504.   The reform initiatives taken by the Government of Brazil to improve the business climate via 
regulatory, institutional such as creation of the Direct Investments Ombudsman, and procedural 
changes are highly appreciated. The measures adopted to simpl ify regulations, increase 
transparency, and encourage trade were also praiseworthy.  
4.505.   My delegation highly commends Brazil 's continued commitment to and active participation 
in the multilateral trading system and the WTO functioning. Hosting the eleventh Mi nisterial 
Conference of the WTO in Buenos  Aires is an example of its commitment.  
4.506.   I take good note of Brazil 's trade agenda based on three pillars: (i)  intensification of the 
trade agreements network; (ii)  modernization of the MERCOSUR tariff structure; an d (iii)  trade 
facilitation.  
4.507.   My delegation is of the view that the future development perspectives laid down in the 
Brazil 's Report such as focus on fiscal sustainability and structural reforms, pro -market 
microeconomic reforms, fiscal consolidation, impro vement of legal frameworks and improvement of 
the overall business environment will contribute to achieving the targeted socio -economic objective 
of the country.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.508.   Let me turn to the bilateral front. Nepal and Brazil have been enjoying cordial relation sinc e 
long back and this relation has been further strengthened after the establishment of diplomatic 
relations in 1976 and other regular bilateral activities since then.  Both the countries have their 
residential embassies in each other 's capitals. Notwithstan ding the geographical distance, both the 
countries hold similar views to promote the interests of developing countries in order to achieve the 
objective of a just and equitable world including at the WTO functioning for safeguarding the 
multilateralism wit h fair and inclusive global trade.  
4.509.   Agreements on technical cooperation, visa exemption for holders of diplomatic and official 
passports and the establishment of Bilateral Consultation Mechanism are some instruments for 
strengthening mutual cooperation.  
4.510.   Furthermore, regular exchange of high -level visits has further cemented our friendship.  
4.511.   As Brazil is said to have the world 's largest hydropower potentials, Nepal may benefit from 
the experience and expertise acquired by Brazil in harnessing water resource s.  
4.512.   My delegation is of the view that both the countries can explore the opportunities for 
cooperation in the areas of mutual interest such as agriculture and agro -business, joint venture in 
industries and hydropower, trade, tourism and transfer of technol ogy, among others.  
4.513.   Based on the primary data Nepal imported goods worth of NPR 7.4 billion in the year 2021 
from Brazil while it exported to Brazil worth of just NPR 51 million in the same year. Such trade data 
reveals wide trade gaps in Nepal's bilateral trade with Brazil. However, this can be an opportunity 
of further collaboration and cooperation focusing on reducing this trade gap by further exploring and 
exploiting the potential of mutual ben efits as mentioned above.  
4.514.   Nepal looks forward to strengthening its relationship with Brazil in the days ahead. My 
delegation wishes a successful Trade Policy Review of Brazil.  
HONDURAS  
4.515.   Honduras le da la más cordial bienvenida a la delegación de Brasil, en cabezada por su 
excelencia, Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director de l Departamento de  Política 
Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores , y extendemos nuestro reconocimiento a nuestros 
colegas y amigos de la Misión de Brasil en Ginebra p or su excelente labor, al tiempo que les 
agradecemos por su declaración y su informe.  
4.516.   Nuestro agradecimiento a usted Presidente por su conducción y orientación, al ponente 
Dr. Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, por sus valiosos aportes y a la Secretaría de la OMC p or el excelente 
trabajo realizado.  
4.517.   Honduras se complace de participar en este ejercicio de transparencia y nos satisface 
observar que, de los informes evaluados, se desprenden importantes indicadores de Brasil, donde 
destaca su posición como la economía má s grande de América  Latina y el Caribe, la tercera mayor 
economía de las Américas y la décima segunda economía del mundo en términos de PIB. 
4.518.   Asimismo, observamos que Brasil es considerado el quinto país más importante del mundo 
en términos de población dig ital y según el Índice Mundial de Innovación de la OMPI de 2021, Brasil 
ocupó el puesto 57de 132 economías.  
4.519.   De igual modo, Brasil siguió ocupando una posición importante en la industria minera 
internacional como el segundo productor mundial de mineral de h ierro y manganeso, y en 2020 
ocupo el primer lugar como productor mundial de niobio y uno de los principales productores de 
bauxita y estaño, y fue el mayor exportador del mundo de azúcar, jugo de naranja, café, carne de 
aves de corral, carne de bovino y h abas de soja.  
4.520.   Observamos que, durante el período objeto de examen se adoptaron reformas estructurales 
comerciales relacionadas con el comercio centrado, a fin de impulsar la productividad, el crecimiento 
potencial y los niveles de vida, en diversos ámbitos  como las cuestiones reglamentarias e 
institucionales, la privatización y el mercado de trabajo.  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.521.   Vemos con particular atención, el Programa de Clemencia del Brasil, el cual ha evolucionado 
constantemente y actualmente es uno de los aspectos más importantes  de la aplicación de la 
legislación contra los cárteles, lo que ha despertado el interés de otras jurisdicciones del mundo, 
incluida la nuestra.  
4.522.   Por otro lado, observamos que en el 2020, Brasil publicó su primer estudio sobre el tiempo 
necesario para el l evante realizado de conformidad con la metodología de la Organización Mundial 
de Aduanas, sobre la base casi 300 .000 operaciones de importación por aire, mar y carretera, y 
determinó que en promedio, transcurren 7,4  días desde la llegada de las mercancías hasta su salida 
efectiva de la zona bajo control aduanero y el plazo medio necesario para el levante de los envíos 
que llegan por aire, mar y carretera es de 5,8  días, 9,7  días y 2,3  días, respectivamente.  
4.523.   En cuanto a nuestra relación bilateral, Brasil y H onduras establecieron relaciones 
diplomáticas en 1906 y tradicionalmente, las mismas se han caracterizado por lazos de hermandad, 
así como por una promoción y defensa de la cooperación para el desarrollo que redunde en intereses 
de nuestras poblaciones.  
4.524.   En 2021, el flujo comercial bilateral ascendió a US D 157 millones registrando un saldo 
superavitario para Brasil, donde las importaciones brasileñas totalizaron US D 147 millones, mientras 
que las exportaciones de Honduras sumaron US D 10 millones.  
4.525.   Brasil, ti ene una importante cartera de proyectos bilaterales y trilaterales con Honduras y 
en la VII  Reunión del Grupo de Trabajo de Cooperación Técnica Brasil -Honduras, que se celebró en 
Tegucigalpa en junio de 2019, se acordaron nuevas iniciativas sobre cuestione s relacionadas con la 
capacitación de los servicios públicos y bomberos, la irrigación y la producción de hortalizas, la 
inspección sanitaria y el desarrollo de la cadena alimentaria fría entre otros.  
4.526.   Nuestras autoridades han expresado el interés en aumentar la cooperación en el ámbito 
agrícola y ganadero y en noviembre de 2020, Brasil hizo una donación de US D 25.000 al país para 
atención de emergencia tras el paso de los huracanes ETA e IOTA, la cual reconocemos y 
agradecemos a nuestros hermanos bras ileños.  
4.527.   Honduras coincide con los pilares estratégicos presentados por Brasil en cuanto a la 
necesidad de mejorar el clima de negocios y reducir las lagunas de infraestructura para mejorar la 
competitividad; promover la integración nacional e internacional  para incrementar la capacidad 
productiva; construir un sector público más eficaz que promueva la sostenibilidad fiscal; y reducir la 
desigualdad social y la falta de oportunidades mediante la mejora de la eficiencia de las políticas 
públicas en pro del in terés común.  
4.528.   Para concluir,  Honduras reconoce los aportes, logros y la activa participación de Brasil en la 
OMC y les deseamos el mayor de los éxitos en la presentación de su octavo examen de políticas 
comerciales.  
BANGLADESH  
4.529.   At the outset, the Bangladesh delegation welcomes H.E.  Minister Fernando Meirelles 
de Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and 
thanks for his introductory presentation at the eighth  TPR. We also thank Ambassador 
H.E. Dr Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha of Pakistan for his insightful discussions and thoughtful 
comments. Our sincere appreciation goes to the Government of Brazil and the WTO Secretariat for 
the comprehensive reports and diligent works.  
4.530.   Trade has long been an import ant part of Brazilian economy and also an important 
connector. This has been reinforced during the global COVID -19 pandemic. This eighth  Trade Policy 
Review of Brazil covers a period of great international economic instability. As an open economy 
with stro ng economic ties with the international community, Brazil has also been hit by the adverse 
effects of COVID -19 and other shocks.  
4.531.   It is encouraging to see that prudent macro -economic measures adopted by the country 
have resulted in impressive economic grow th and remarkable improvement in almost all ind exes. 
Since the last TPR, relatively strong economic fundamentals and solid buffers to external shocks, WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  have helped the country maintain macroeconomic stability. The strong outward orientation of the 
Brazilian  economy has been one of the pillars of growth for many years. Brazil has sought to expand 
its integration in international trade to increase the productivity and competitiveness of its economy 
and guarantee sustainable growth, and has been pursuing a trad e agenda based on three  pillars 
such as: (i)  intensification of the trade agreements network; (ii)  modernization of the MERCOSUR 
tariff structure; and (iii)  trade facilitation since 2019, though it is true that many challenges persist, 
significant progress  has been made in several areas.  
4.532.   As a firm supporter of the multilateral trading system Brazil remains actively engaged at the 
WTO. It took leadership roles in various WTO bodies. Bangladesh welcomes Brazil's trade policy 
priority on multilateral, non -discriminatory rules complemented by a goal of continuous expansion 
and deepening of trade relations through regional and bilateral approaches. It attaches high 
importance to reducing gaps in the level of development between nations, to promoting the further 
integration of developing and least developed countries into the global economy, and to the need to 
make economic development more sustainable.  
4.533.   As one of the largest economy and MERCOSUR and BRIC S partner, Brazil also an important 
trading partners of Bangl adesh. Bilateral trade between two countries in 2021 was USD  1.67 billion 
but it is heavily tilted towards Brazil. Brazil exported USD 1.53 billion  to Bangladesh and the main 
products are raw sugar, raw cotton, and soybeans. During the last 25  years the ex ports of Brazil to 
Bangladesh have increased at an annualized rate of 11.1. Bangladesh exported USD 132 million  to 
Brazil and the main products were knit sweaters, non -knit men's shirts, and non -knit men's suits 
and increased at an annualized rate of 9.08%. There are ample opportunities to import Bangladeshi 
ready made garments, leather and both traditional and non -traditional SME products and invites 
Brazil to consider those for the betterment of  the both.  
4.534.   To conclude, we wish the delegation of Brazil a productive and successful TPR. My delegation 
will continue to work closely with the Brazil delegations, led by Ambassador 
H.E. Mr Alexandre  Parola, to strengthen the multilateral trading system whi le we strive to enhance 
our bilateral trade.  
KENYA  
4.535.   We join the other delegates in conveying warm welcome to the delegation of Brazil led by 
Minister Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, the Director of the Trade Policy Department of the 
Ministry of For eign Affairs, for the eighth Trade Policy Review. We also commend the discussant, 
Ambassador Piracha of Pakistan for his insightful intervention.  
4.536.   This review comes when the world is recovering from the devastating impact of the 
COVID -19 pandemic, an episod e that was characterized by trade and travel disruptions, which had 
adverse effects on all economies. Brazil 's adoption of fiscal, monetary, and regulatory stimulus 
measures to protect the incomes of families and companies and to safeguard the liquidity of  the 
economy helped to mitigate the effect of the pandemic. Consequently, the economy was able to 
gradually recover and record a 4.6% GDP growth in 2021, after a decrease of 3.9% in GDP in 2020.  
4.537.   We take note of the significant increase in Brazil 's foreign  trade from USD  379 billion in 2017 
to USD  532 billion in 2021, a 40% leap. Consequently, Brazil registered an upward trend in its share 
of global exports, moving from 1.2% in 2017 to 1.3% in 2021, with manufacturing accounting 
for 56% of the exports while  agriculture, forestry and fishing accounted for 20% of Brazil 's exports 
in 2021.  
4.538.   We are glad to underscore Brazil 's unwavering commitment to multilateral trade. It has and 
continues to play an active role at the WTO in the efforts to strengthen and suppor t a well -functioning 
multilateral trading system and reaffirm its relevance as a central pillar of the global economic 
governance. The WTO ought to be more responsive to the contemporary issues of the international 
economic order, as well as to its Members ' interests and concerns. We commend Brazil 's active 
participation in the ongoing discussions to revitalize the WTO and address the challenges that it 
currently faces to ensure its proper functioning.  
4.539.   In addition, Brazil has adopted measures aimed at stre ngthening it to adequately address 
the prevailing challenges. These include fiscal sustainability and structural reforms necessary for a WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  sustained economic recovery, improvement of the social safety net, the sustainable fiscal framework 
and the competitive ness of the economy. Its quest to enhance its footprint in international trade and 
increase its productivity in order to guarantee sustainable growth is laudable. The three -pillar trade 
agenda that Brazil has recently been pursuing, anchored on (i)  intensi fication of trade agreements 
network; (ii)  modernization of the MERCOSUR tariff structure; and (iii)  trade facilitation; will 
certainly go a long way supporting Brazil 's endeavours.  
4.540.   Among national economic endeavours, the government 's strong commitment to regional 
trade is clear. We recognize the government 's determination to expand trade ties in the region and 
beyond through existing arrangements such as MERCOSUR, as well as new agreements with different 
trading partners. These initiatives will further inc rease opportunities for the people of the region and 
strengthen economic integration.  
4.541.   Kenya enjoys cordial political and trade relations with Brazil and to buttress this relationship, 
Kenya opened a Commercial Office in Brasilia in October this year. This  office will serve to promote 
Kenya 's trade and commercial interests, and will enhance the economic relations, not just with Brazil, 
but also with the rest of the South  American countries. Kenya is keen to leverage its relations with 
Brazil and increase it s market share. Kenya 's exports to Brazil increased by 110.27%, from 
USD 224,000 in 2020 to USD  471,000 in 2021.  
4.542.   In conclusion, Kenya underscores Brazil 's commitment to improve the economic and trading 
environment in the country, the region and beyond, in cluding the multilateral trading system. The 
policies and interventions that it has adopted, have positive impact on business, citizens, and 
productivity, and will enhance development.  
PERÚ1 
4.543.   El Perú desea dar la bienvenida a su excelencia el Sr. Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo 
Pimentel, Director del Departamento de Política Comercial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de 
Brasil, y a su honorable delegación, así como sumarse a los agradecimi entos expresados por otras 
delegaciones por el informe presentado sobre el desempeño macroeconómico y su régimen de 
política comercial en ocasión de su  octavo  examen de política comercial. Asimismo, agradecer a la 
Secretaría por el informe alcanzado a los Miembros y al Embajador Piracha por sus acertados y 
precisos comentarios como ponente.  
4.544.   Nuestra delegación al igual que lo expresado por otros Miembros el último miércoles, aprecia 
la recuperación del crecimiento económico de Brasil en el período objeto de examen. Un crecimiento 
basado, entre otros factores, en una oportuna política de ayudas, la recuperación de la demanda 
interna y el crecimiento del crédito al sector privado.  
4.545.   Asimismo, es de destacar el despliegue de medidas para simplificar la reglamentac ión, 
aumentar la transparencia y fomentar el comercio, así como para promover el uso de varias 
herramientas relacionadas con las buenas prácticas de reglamentación, incluida la obligación de 
llevar a cabo análisis/evaluaciones de impacto de la reglamentaci ón, un esfuerzo en el que el Perú 
también está inmerso. Además, saludamos que Brasil siga simplificando los trámites de comercio 
exterior y aplicando gradualmente su Programa de Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior. En esa 
línea, el Perú comparte con Bras il el objetivo del fortalecimiento del sistema multilateral de comercio 
transparente, inclusivo y basado en normas.  
4.546.   Como cualquiera de nosotros, Brasil tiene espacios para continuar mejorando y retos por 
delante, especialmente las referidas a la I+D y la i ntegración a la economía mundial, los 
desequilibrios fiscales y la presión inflacionaria, retos comunes en nuestra región latinoamericana.  
4.547.   En lo que se refiere a las relaciones comerciales bilaterales, Brasil es nuestro cuarto socio 
comercial en el mundo y  el primero en nuestra región. Si bien nuestros intercambios se redujeron 
en 2020 debido a la pandemia, nuestro comercio superó los US D 4.275 millones en 2021, 
alcanzando con ello una cifra récord.  
 
1 The following statements were delivered during the second day of the meeting . WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  4.548.   En 2021 la exportación peruana a Brasil creció en un 47% g racias a la mayor venta de 
minerales, destacando los envíos de plata, fosfato de calcio, antracita, zinc y cobre. Mientras que 
nuestras importaciones de Brasil aumentaron en un 69% en el mismo año, por la mayor adquisición 
de crudo de petróleo, tractores, vehículos, plástico, madera y papel.  
4.549.   Para el Perú, Brasil representa el primer  proveedor de crudo de petróleo del mundo, y el 
segundo  para el caso de vehículos después de China. Mientras que el Perú representa para Brasil el 
quito proveedor de prendas de vestir. Sin embargo, creemos que existen más oportunidades 
comerciales mutuas tanto en el sector agropecuario como en el textil. Por ejemplo, el Perú ve 
oportunidades en el mercado brasileño para el chocolate, las naranjas y las uvas secas, así como 
para p roductos de otros sectores como las barras de acero y el cloruro de potasio.  
4.550.   Pasando al sistema multilateral, no quiero dejar de saludar el activo rol y los esfuerzos de 
Brasil en este foro, y valorar sinceramente que este examen haya servido de marco par a que Brasil 
renueve su compromiso con la estabilidad y la solidez del sistema multilateral del comercio.  
4.551.   Habiendo señalado estos importantes puntos, solo me resta agradecer a la delegación de 
Brasil por este ejercicio, y desearle un exitoso examen de sus políticas comerciales.  
EGYPT  
4.552.   On behalf of the Egyptian delegation, allow me, at the outset, to join previous speakers in 
extending a very warm welcome to the delegation of Brazil.  
4.553.   We would like to express our appreciation to the Government of Brazil as well as the WTO 
Secretariat for their comprehensive reports. We also thank H.E. Ambassador Dr  Muhammad Mujtaba 
Piracha of Pakistan, who assumed the role of the discussant.  
4.554.   We commend Brazil for the efforts made during the review period to improve their 
macroeconomic conditions and trade policies, modernize their legal and regulatory frameworks and 
to achieve resilient and inclusive recovery from the pandemic. All these efforts have paved the way 
to a conducive environment to attract private investments in m any important sectors in the country. 
Furthermore, Brazil is an important and active Member of WTO and has a significant role in its work.  
4.555.   Egypt is pleased to take part in this Trade Policy Review, as we enjoy cordial and deep 
relations with Brazil, includ ing on the economic front. Brazil is an important trade partner to Egypt 
and we recogni zed an increase in trade flows between the two countries since the entry into force 
of the free trade agreement between the MERCOSUR and Egypt, in 2017. Such agreement, 
compounded with scheduled liberalization of trade goods, could have potential to further boost trade 
flows between the two countries. According to the statistics of 2021, bilateral trade between Egypt 
and Brazil reached USD 2.7 billion and Egypt 's imports from Brazil reached USD 2.2 billion . 
4.556.   However, Egypt believes that there is room for enhancing economic relations with Brazil, 
especially in trade, as we have some concerns as follows:  
• The extension of anti -dumping duties imposed since 2014 on Egyptian exp orts of colourless 
float flat glass to Brazil (HS  code 7005.29), for a period of five years, starting 21  May 2021. 
These duties, accounted for at USD 185 per ton ne, is negatively affecting our exports of this 
product to Brazil. We would like to request Brazil to review its decision on the extension of 
these anti -dumping duties on Egyptian exports of colourless float flat glass, with a view to 
eliminating them.  
• The time consumed in registering the Egyptian agricultural products, due to the bureauc ratic 
procedures and approvals needed from both the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Ministry 
of Agriculture, which may take years, hinders the market access of these products to the 
Brazilian market, thus represents an obstacle to trade flows between the two countries. 
Furthermore, only limited access for the Egyptian agricultural exports was allowed to the 
Brazilian market, namely citrus (which its registration process took about six years), despite 
the fact that the free trade agreement between the M ERCOSUR and Egypt exempt most of 
the agricultural exports items from customs duties. Therefore, we would like to ask Brazil to WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  take the necessary measures to facilitate access of the Egyptian agricultural products to its 
markets.  
4.557.   Egypt is actively engaging  with Brazil on these concerns, both on the bilateral level and 
MERCOSUR level. We very much appreciate the free trade agreement that we have with MERCOSUR, 
according to which the Egyptian exports receive preferential treatment.  
4.558.   Finally, Egypt would like to wish the delegation of Brazil a fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BRAZIL  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  
5.1.  It is a pleasure to resume this meeting after the fruitful last couple of days, both in Geneva 
and Doha.  
5.2.  I want to thank you,  Mr Chair, and the Secretariat once again for the organization of this 
meeting, as well as the delegations that have formulated questions for Brazil, including follow -up 
questions, which we will reply in the coming weeks.  
5.3.  I especially want to thank all tho se Members who made statements on Wednesday and today. 
We took careful note of all of them. Taken as a whole, they were a rather positive evaluation of 
bilateral relations, of Brazil's engagement in the WTO and of our trade policy during the period under 
review.  
5.4.  I have spoken with Ambassador  Parola and he is also very grateful for your kind words. 
Ambassador Parola 's enthusiasm and sterling track record during the years he has served in Geneva, 
always with the invaluable support of Minister  Braz and his who le team, build upon the legacy of 
many others before him, and give a clear testimony of Brazil historic and firm commitment to 
strengthening of the multilateral trading system.  
5.5.  My delegation was particularly encouraged by the many expressions of confidence  in Brazil 's 
economic policies and reform agenda, and for the acknowledgement that we were able to pursue 
this agenda during challenging times for the world economy, and Brazil.  
5.6.  As several members have highlighted, the current global challenges include th e pressing need 
to make our economies more sustainable. As I have mentioned on my opening statement, Brazil is 
ready to contribute to the common cause of global sustainability and global food security, building 
upon the strong credentials of our sustainabl e agriculture practices and our clean energy matrix, 
with almost 50% of renewables. We are convinced the WTO has a role to play in this discussion, 
because international trade is an inevitable part of the solution.  
5.7.  In Brazil's view, international trade is key to the pursuit of sustainable development in its three 
inseparable dimensions: social, economic , and environmental. That is precisely why it will never be 
possible to truly achieve sustainable development if WTO Members resort to protectionism and 
unilateralism. Unfortunately, we see worrying trends pointing to just that.  
5.8.  This also relates to another recurrent subject in your statements, which was the WTO reform. 
The ministerial mandate clearly states that the reform process shall address development is sues. As 
a developing country, Brazil will continue to take part in all WTO reform discussions never losing 
sight of the development dimension and our shared goal for sustainable development.  
5.9.  For Brazil, Sustainability, Food Security, and Development are i nterconnected, and advancing 
these objectives necessarily involves the reform of agricultural trade, as mandated by Article  20 of 
the Agreement on Agriculture. As I have mentioned before, Brazil will remain committed to a reform 
process encompassing trade liberalization in agriculture, food and nutrition security. It is worth 
noting that during the whole period under review in this TPR, Brazil has provided very low levels of 
Amber  Box support, particularly market -price support, and has remained strongly com mitted to less 
distortive forms of support to agricultural production.  
5.10.  Another aspect of the WTO reform that I did not have time to mention on Wednesday, but 
several of you did, was transparency and notifications. As many of you have noted, Brazil has a ve ry 
positive record on this subject. A key area which is essential for the proper assessment of Members' 
commitments, and which we see as an indispensable part of WTO reform.  
5.11.  Many Members also highlighted trade facilitation. As I said, we have eliminated mo re than 
700,000 automatic and non -automatic import licensing requirements. And our single window has 
been completely implemented for the new export process, reducing export time from 13 to 5 days.  
5.12.  The new import process is being implemented in phases. Las t week, new features were added 
to the system, especially regarding risk management and inspection of agricultural and medical and WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  pharmaceutical products. As of today, the new import process covers the equivalent of 40% of total 
imports in Brazil, and tim e to import has already been reduced from 17 to 8 days.  
5.13.  Another important subject raised by Members on Wednesday was intellectual property. Brazil 
appreciates the recognition of the reduction in our patent "backlog" by more than half and of our 
accession to new international IP instruments.  
5.14.  Brazil recognizes in IP a driver for innovation, investment, improved business environment 
and economic development. Throughout the review period, the Brazilian Government has 
strengthened our IP infrastructure, updati ng our legal framework and reinforcing our institutional 
capabilities.  
5.15.  I also want to take the opportunity to thank those Members who have expressed support for 
Brazil 's accession to the OECD, which in our view demonstrate both the confidence that you place in 
our economy and our democracy.  
5.16.  I will address a few topics that were raised in a less positive tone. Many Members mentioned 
the complexity of the tax system in Brazil. As you can imagine, this is not a simple matter.  
5.17.  There are different bills in the National Congress that aim to unify and eliminate various 
indirect taxes, in addition to introducing features which should reduce the complexity of our tax 
system. It is expected that Brazil will make progress on a Tax Reform in the coming years, but t his 
reform might be implemented gradually.  
5.18.  I would also like to clarify a topic related to tariffs that was mentioned in many written 
questions and in some interventions by delegations. Brazil has promoted a horizontal tariff reduction 
in the last years a nd has also been reducing systematically tariff lines over the review period. Brazil 
simple average MFN tariff declined by 2.2  percentage points relative to 2017, from 11 .6% to 9 .4%. 
However, as noted by Members, the simple average rate for dutiable lines has increased marginally. 
This is the result of a statistical effect of cutting tariff lines previously charged 2% to 0%, on more 
than 2 ,000 tariff lines. I stress that there has not been any tariff elevation in practice.  
5.19.  Together with the trade agreement s, the tariff modernization in MERCOSUR and all the 
structural reforms, Brazil 's economic landscape has changed significantly during the period under 
review. Our commitment to the WTO, however, has remained steadfast and will continue to do so 
in the years  to come.   
5.20.  We are grateful for the interest with which Members participated in our TPR and, most 
importantly, my delegation is encouraged by the support from many of you to our national team in 
the World Cup. See you in the finals!  
DISCUSSANT  
5.21.  Good morning  and welcome back to this second day of the Trade Policy Review of Brazil.  
5.22.  The active participation of Members at the first day of Brazil is a testimony of the importance 
of this review mechanism as well as the importance of Brazil as a global player.  
5.23.  We all listened in to what the Members had to say, so I am not going to repeat all that. 
Generally, Members were appreciative of the reforms carried out during the period under review and 
took interest in furthering their understanding of the Government policies during the review period 
and the contribution of these to Brazil's objective for sustainable growth.  
5.24.  Members' questions were on the reforms and the measures to improve trade and business 
environment specially to facilitate trade, foster comp etitiveness, reduce cost of doing business, 
address the structural reforms to increase productivity and overall to improve Brazil's 
macroeconomic indicators.  
5.25.  This review has also given Members the opportunity to convey some of their concerns on the 
various  policies and measures that Brazil has already in place in addition to those implemented WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  during the period under review with the objective to strengthen the trade relations and to mutually 
benefit from trade.  
5.26.  I wish to thank Brazil in providing in a timely  manner, all the necessary clarifications in the 
areas of its trade policies for Members to better understand the rationale and the way how Brazil 
developed its policies to meet its general socio -economic policy objectives. As a discussant here and 
general ly as a development practitioner I have always put forward my view that trade is a means to 
an end. The end for any government is the general welfare, prosperity, and happiness of its people.  
5.27.  During the period under review, almost half of it spent under an  adverse global context, Brazil 
made efforts to stick to its reform agenda. It articulated policies to address some legacy challenges: 
foster an opportune business environment and started to address the structural complexity of 
Government regulations, taxa tion system, direct state involvement in economic activities, lack of 
competitiveness, weak infrastructure, and productivity both in the services and manufacturing 
sectors.  
5.28.  It is clear that Brazil has tried to strike a balance between its growth targets, t he well -being 
of its population and the sustainability of its environment.  
5.29.  Given the size and the structure of its economy, the impacts of the reforms and actions 
undertaken during the period under review were not yet fully reflected in the macro indicator s as 
the pandemic was an additional challenge. The recovery post pandemic will certainly see further 
growth pending further implementation of the reforms already made.  
5.30.  Brazil's process of accession to the OECD is a significant step forward in the reforms i t would 
have to undertake to address its economic challenges.  
5.31.  Promising signs in the way forward such as the tax reforms proposals being debated at 
congressional level. The actions under the National Investment Plan (PNI) have started to take place 
in view  of promoting and facilitating investment.  
5.32.  This trade policy review is also a learning opportunity and a tool for Brazil to inform and fine 
tune its efforts to reform at the opportune time. Members have highlighted some areas where further 
improvements wou ld be required. The review is not simply a desk research, inputs by Members 
based on their experience of trading with the country under review is an exercise in real time. I am 
sure the Brazilian team, especially from capital have lots of feedback and sugg estions from this 
forum that they will be taking back with them. Pakistan found it very helpful that the TRP nowadays 
allows virtual participation, so we got high officials from almost 15  Ministries and government 
organizations attending online from the capital. This exposes many more people in the capital to the 
WTO and its Membership and gives them a first -hand experience of hearing what trading partners 
have to say about their policies and procedures. This is perhaps the only  positive impact of COVID . 
5.33.  As we are all aware, trade and investment policies are one of the many policy tools 
Government deploy to achieve their overarching social and economic objectives of public policy. 
There is a need to factor in the political and social context to better unders tand the directions the 
Government took to formulate those policy options.  
5.34.  I sincerely wish to thank Members for their contributions to this review exercise.  
5.35.  In the end, I wish Brazil every success in all its initiatives and efforts, and I wholeheartedly 
congratulate H.E.  Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department 
of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and his team from capital and the Brazilian Mission in Geneva for 
this TPR which was an excellent opportunity of information  and views.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.36.  I would like to address  my thanks to the Minister for responding this morning to the range of 
issues raised by Members during day one.  I also want to acknowledge and appreciate the work of 
the Brazilian delegation, we recognize ho w much work  goes into these TPRs and we really appreciate 
the hard work that you put in responding to our written questions and to making this a successful WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  process , and hope that you have learn t something as well . We have submitted a few follow -up 
question s this morning and we look forward to receiving responses . 
5.37.  I just want to comment briefly on what we understood to be the overwhelmingly positive tone 
of this TPR, and I think it is a testament to Brazil's engagement with partners here in Geneva and 
also in Brasilia to engage in a serious dialog ue to talk through trade issues as they arise. We greatly 
appreciate our productive bilateral dialog ue with Brasilia on a broad range of issues and we look 
forward to deepening our cooperation with Brazil here in Gen eva. Particularly , through initiatives 
such as the SPS work plan on new and emerging challenges facing the world's agricultural producers 
through meaningful work to address food insecurity and improve our collective understanding of the 
global challenges f acing farmers, on resetting the WTO discussion on development , so that we can 
update our dialog ue here to better link our trade policies with economic growth priorities , and we 
would urge all WTO M embers to support  Brazil's practical proposal to include private sector voices 
in the thematic sessions of the trade facilitation  committee and look forward to moving that 
significant proposal forward with Members . 
5.38.  In conclusion, I would like to , once again , thank Brazil fo r its leadership here in Geneva and 
to signal our delegation's ongoing support and cooperation as we work together to reform and 
rejuvenate the Organization . Congratulations on a successful TPR. 
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.39.  On behalf of the E uropean  Union, I would first  like to thank the delegation of Brazil for 
comprehensive replies to our advance questions and for the information provided today and 
Wednesday about the recent developments and future plans of Brazil 's economic and trade policies , 
as well as their respons es provided to the issues raised. We do not have any follow -up questions.   
5.40.  The fact that Brazil is the largest economy of Latin  America and an important trading partner 
for many WTO Members was clearly reflected by the numerous statements and the keen interest 
shown during  this review. The EU is no exception – being Brazil 's second trading partner and the 
largest foreign investor i n Brazil shows the strength and depth of our bilateral trade and investment 
relationship.  
5.41.  The EU acknowledges the efforts Brazil has made to cope with the consequences of the 
COVID -19 pandemic, implementing extraordinary fiscal assistance and monetary and regulatory 
measures. We warmly welcome Brazil 's reforms to facilitate trade and investment, improve the 
business environment and public procurement and IPR enforcement, and the efforts of further 
integration in the world economy as well as the OECD accessi on. We hope that Brazil will continue 
these efforts, while pursuing the goal of social cohesion, fiscal stability and further opening of the 
economy and trade.  
5.42.  As many others, the EU appreciates Brazil 's strong support for the multilateral trading system,  
in particular the constructive approach in this Organization. We are confident that our joint 
commitment to multilateralism will continued.  
5.43.  The EU would like to express its support to Brazil 's interest to join the WTO Government 
Procurement Agreement. Th e accession of Brazil to the GPA would be beneficial for global trade and 
would give a strong signal to the international community and in particular to the WTO during 
challenging times.  
5.44.  We also welcome Brazil 's interest in regional and bilateral negotiat ions and the EU remains 
committed to the EU -MERCOSUR agreement. We look forward to our continued dialogue on 
multilateral, regional and bilateral level.  
5.45.  Finally, the EU would like to thank Brazil for the constructive exchange of views during this 
review a nd congratulates Brazil's delegation on successful eight Trade Policy Review.  
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  CHINA  
5.46.  China would like to again express our thanks to the delegation of Brazil for its constructive 
engagement in this TPR. We gained a better understanding of Brazil through t he delegation 's 
excellent presentations, timely and detailed replies to all our written questions as well as the 
comments of a large number of Brazilian trading partners.  
5.47.  China also thanks the discussant, Ambassador Dr  Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha for his 
informative introduction of and valuable comments on Brazil. And, as always, China appreciates the 
Secretariat for its exhaustive Report.  
5.48.  China values the longstanding strategic partnership with Brazil, especially the increasingly 
close trade and investment relations. We do believe that our friendly cooperative relations are bound 
to face great and historical opportunities.  
5.49.  China stands ready and willing to strengthen communication and cooperation with Brazil 
under the framework of WTO and BRICS. W e appreciate the new Brazilian government 's commitment 
to establish partnerships in Brazil 's interests. To this end, China sincerely hopes that Brazil, being a 
founding member of MERCOSUR, can play a positive and constructive role in considerations of 
negotiations between MERCOSUR and China.  
5.50.  China is pleased to see that the new Brazilian Government will devote to build Brazil into a 
country with credibility, predictability and stability, and this will enhance international investors ' 
confidence in Brazil. W e wish that investment in Brazil will be further expanded.  
5.51.  As two major developing countries and key emerging economies, Brazil and China share broad 
common interests and responsibilities.  
5.52.  We noticed that reducing hunger and fighting extreme poverty will b e the top priority of the 
new Brazilian Government. China has resolved the problem of absolute poverty in the county, and 
won the largest battle against poverty in human history. We are ready to share our practices in 
poverty alleviation with Brazil.  
5.53.  China  admires Brazilian 's greenest energy matrix in the world and the government 's effort to 
support reaching the country's climate goals in line with its COP26 commitments. We commend the 
government 's goal of achieving sustainable development by balancing prod uction and biodiversity 
protection. China has acted on the idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. 
We will continue to pursue a model of sound development featuring improved production, higher 
living standard and healthy ecosystems . China is eager to learn from and exchange views with Brazil 
on ecological conservation and environmental protection.  
5.54.  In closing, we congratulate Brazil on another successful TPR . 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  The eighth  Trade Policy Review of B razil has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our 
understanding of recent developments in, and challenges to, its trade, economic, and investment 
policies. Since its seventh  TPR in 2017, Brazil's initiatives to maintain its participation in the 
Multila teral Trading System and take advantage of the opportunities it offers were greatly 
appreciated. Indeed, the 958  advance written questions submitted by 38  Members and the 
51 delegations that took the floor during the first and second day underline the impo rtance attached 
by Members to Brazil's trade and investment policies and practices.  
6.2.  I would like to thank Brazil's delegation, led by Minister Fernando Meirelles de  Azevedo 
Pimentel, Director of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affair s, for its active 
participation in this exercise. I would also like to thank our discussant H.E.  Ambassador 
Dr Muhammad Mujtaba Piracha, Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the WTO, for his insightful 
remarks, and all the delegations that took the floo r for their valuable contributions to this review.  
6.3.  Members commended Brazil for the improvements of its economic fundamentals and 
macroeconomic resilience as well as for maintaining its level of openness of trade and investment 
regimes despite the economic  turmoil caused by the COVID -19 pandemic. Members were pleased to 
see rebounding growth in 2021 as a result of timely implemented support measures. Brazil was 
praised for its ambitious supply -side trade -related structural reforms to boost productivity, pot ential 
growth, and living standards in several areas. At the same time, several Members encouraged 
effective and timely implementation of a significant tax reform as well as further reduction of 
regulatory burden on businesses and to continue strengthening  measures to improve governance 
practices and enhance transparency. Brazil was also invited to address a number of environmental 
challenges including rising deforestation, as well as to continue creating an investment climate 
favourable to the further deve lopment of renewable energy. Some Members noted the rise of the 
share of foreign trade to GDP notwithstanding the impact of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Several 
Members saw untapped potential for further enhancing bilateral trade in goods and services an d 
increasing investment flows in many areas. Diversification of foreign trade remained essential to 
overcome temporary disruptions of supply chains and to further improve Brazil 's international 
competitiveness.  
6.4.  Brazil was praised for its continued commitme nt to the rules -based multilateral trading system, 
as well as its leadership, constructive and valuable role at the WTO, including its contribution in 
securing successful outcomes in MC12. Brazil 's recognition to forgo special and differential treatment 
in future WTO negotiations was commended. Members appreciated its active participation in the 
various Joint Statement Initiatives (JSIs), including E -Commerce, Investment Facilitation for 
Development, MSMEs, and Services Domestic Regulation, as well as the T rade and Environmental 
Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD), the Multi Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Mechanism 
and WTO reform discussions. Members welcomed its on -going accession to the Government 
Procurement Agreement (GPA) noting that Brazil was the first Latin  American Member seeking to do 
so, and encouraged the expeditious completion of the pending procedures. Brazil 's recent application 
to join the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft was also commended. Members noted Brazil 's positive 
overall notification and transparency record and encouraged to submit outstanding notifications with 
respect to import licensing procedures and quantitative restrictions as well as to ensure the 
submission of TBT and SPS notifications at least 60  days in advan ce of the measure being adopted. 
Members welcomed the progress made so far in Brazil 's OECD accession process. Brazil was 
encouraged to play an active role in inter alia expanding MERCOSUR RTAs network with major 
trading partners outside the region.  
6.5.  Member s noted that since the last TPR the overall simple average MFN tariff rate had declined 
but the rate on dutiable items had increased. Despite a high tariff binding coverage, they encouraged 
to close large tariff binding overhangs. Brazil had progressively sought to reduce non -tariff barriers 
to trade through simplifying regulations, increasing transparency, and encouraging the use of digital 
tools and services. Concern was expressed over persisting burdensome, costly, and often redundant 
import procedures i nvolving a disproportionately large number of documents. Suggestions were 
made to further reduce the number of non -automatic import licences. Tax discrimination was another 
area of concern and Brazil was requested to address perceived tax rate distortions between imported 
and domestic products. Support was expressed for action to improve the regulatory framework of 
its financial system and enhance the transparency of its procurement processes at all levels of 
government. Members welcomed positive developmen ts in the area of intellectual property WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  (IP) rights, including joining the Madrid Protocol and taking steps to accede to the Hague Agreement, 
as well as its action for reducing backlogs in processing patent applications and expanding the scope 
of its Paten t Prosecution Highway program me. Brazil was urged to join certain other IP treaties.  
6.6.  At the sectoral level, several Members welcomed Brazil's active role in the agriculture trade 
negotiations as a member of the Cairns Group. Members acknowledged Brazil's importance as an 
agriculture powerhouse for a number of trading partners and its contr ibution for meeting the global 
food security challenge. Members noted the significance of Brazil's exports of mining products and 
commended the new regulatory framework for natural gas. Members commended Brazil's ambitious 
renewable energy plans and encour aged further regulatory reforms to foster investments in the 
energy sector.  
6.7.  Concerning services, Brazil was urged to further open up  its markets to foreign enterprises, in 
particular in the financial, insurance and the legal professions activities. Members praised Brazil's 
openness in the telecommunications sector. The removal of maritime cargo sharing agreements and 
government cargo r estrictions as well as the reform of the domestic maritime transport regulations 
were appreciated. The privatizations and concessions undertaken in the administration of airports, 
maritime ports, and energy distribution were also commended.  
6.8.  The above point s are some of the key issues that had emerged in our discussion. I hope that 
the Brazilian delegation will consider and further reflect on these issues and on the many constructive 
comments, both broad and detailed, that it has received during this review.  Members look forward 
to receiving the answers from Brazil to any outstanding and follow -up questions within one month, 
at which point the eighth Trade Policy Review of Brazil will be successfully concluded.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 218 
 
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  7  ADOPTION OF TPR B'S ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2022  
CHAIRPERSON  
7.1.  I would now like to ask delegations to consider the TPRB's Annual Report for 202 2, which was 
initially distributed on 2 0 October  2022 in document WT/TPR/W/ 214. We had set a deadline of 
31 October  2022 for comments . Eight delegations submitted writt en comments (six before the 
deadline, and two after the deadline). A revision of the Annual Report was issued on 
4 November  2022 in document WT/TPR/W/214/Rev.1, in track changes mode.  
7.2.  A new revised version of the of the draft Annual Report will be distribu ted in document 
WT/TPR/W/214/Rev.2. I suggest that Members be given one week, that is until Friday 
2 December  2022, to consider this new version, after which time the Report will be considered 
adopted and distributed as WTO document WT/TPR/488.   
7.3.  With this,  I declare the meeting closed. I thank you all for your participation and please note 
that the next meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body will be held on 5 and 7 December  2022, when 
the TPRB will discuss the TPR of Seychelles . 
 
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