KENYA STANDARD                      KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emergency procedure guide - 
Transport (Road, Rail ) 
       Part 2:  Oxidizers  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  No copying of this standard without KEBS permission except as per mitted by copyright law  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
 
2 
  
 
 
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION  
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:  
 
Government chemist  
National Environmental Management Authority  
National Transport and Safety Authorit y 
Kenya Railways  
Directorate occupational health and safety service  
Ministry of Health  
Ministry of Transport  
Kenya Maritime Authority  
Kenya Airways  
Kenya Transport Association  
Kenya ports authority  
Radiation protection board  
National Corridor Transit and transport authority  
Nairobi University  
Kenya police Service (Traffic department)  
Dangerous goods management ltd.  
Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat.  
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee  
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISION OF KENYA STAND ARDS  
 
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly reviewed. Suggestions for 
improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are 
welcome.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                       © Kenya Bureau of Standards, 2018  
Copyright.  Users are   reminded that by virtue of section 6 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 130 of the Laws of Kenya, 
copyright subsists in all Kenya Standards and except as p rovided under section 7 of this Act, no Kenya Standard 
produced by Kenya Bureau of Standards may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted 
by any means without prior permission in writing from the Managing Director.  
 
Permission  may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment.  
 
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the standard and that it is updated 
whenever the standard is amended or revised.  The number and date of the standard s hould therefore be clearly 
identified.  
 
The use of material in print or in electronic form to be used commercially with or without payment or in commercial 
contracts is subject to payment of a royalty.  
 ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 3 ISBN 9966 -23-846 
 
 
 
KENYA STANDARD                   KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
                                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Emergen cy procedure guide -Transport  
         (Road, Rail ) 
 
 
Part 2: Oxidizers  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS)  
 
Head Office:  P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi -00200, Tel.: (+254  020) 605490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020) 604031  
E-Mail: info@kebs.org,  Web:http://www.kebs.org   
 
Coast Region     Lake Region          Rift Valley Region  
P.O. Box 99376, Mombasa -80100   P.O. Box 2949, Kisumu -40100        P.O. Box 2138, Nakuru -20100  
Tel.: (+254 0 41) 229563, 230939/40  Tel.: (+254 057) 23549, 22396        Tel.: (+254 051) 210553, 210555  
Fax: (+254 041) 229448    Fax: (+254 057) 21814  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 
4 
  
 
 
P R E F A C E  
 
This Kenyan standard was developed by the technical committee on transport of dangerous goods  under 
the guidance of the standards project committee, and accordance with the procedures of the Kenya bureau 
of standards.  
The standard  is inten ded for use by first responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident  
involving dangerous good s/hazardous material s. It p rovides guidance to drivers, emergency services and 
others dealing with emergencies involving the transport of oxidizers . 
 
During the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following documents:  
 
Emergency respons e guidebook 2016  
 
 The assistance received from the above documents is acknowledged with thanks.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 5  
 
  
 
KENYA STANDARD  
Emergency procedure guide -Transport (Road, Rail ) 
Part 2: OXIDIZERS  
 
    
                                                                                   OXIDIZERS  
                                                 
    
 
                                            *As described in the KS 2605, KS 2606  
                                                       ꝉTrade or common name on label                        
 
 
                          EMERGENCY CONTACTS  
POLICE DIAL ;911,999,112  
Organization  Location  Telephone  Ask for  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OXIDIZERS – TOXIC          
                                   HAZARD  
FIRE  • These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.  
• Some may decompose explosively when  heated or involved in a fire.  
• May explode from heat or contamination.  
• Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).  
• May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Runoff may create fire o r explosion hazard  NAME  UN No  HAZCHEM  
NAME * 
 
 
 
TRADE NAME ꝉ 
 
 
 
            
 
6 
 HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance ma y cause 
severe injury, burns or death.  
• Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.  
• Runoff from fire control or dilution  water may cause poll  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by t he 
manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters’ protective clothing will only provide limited protection  
 
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them loc ation, material, UN  Number, quantity and emergency contact ( name and 
telephone number) Indicate  condition of the vehicle and any damage observed  
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all di rections for 
at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
Large Spill  
• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 met ers (330 feet).  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2  mile) in 
all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions  
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under  ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk  
SPILL OR LEAK  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
• Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.  
• Do not touch damaged containers o r spilled material unless wearing appropriate 
protective clothing.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
Small Dry Spill  
• With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loos ely; move 
containers from spill area.  
Large Spill  
• Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal.  
 
FIRE  Small Fire  
• Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon may provide limited 
control.  
Large Fire  
• Flood fire area with water from a distance.  
• Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of wat er until well after fire is out.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  
• For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if th is is impossible, 
withdraw from area and let fire burn.  
                              FIRST AID  ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 7 GENERA L • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Give ar tificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• Do not use mouth -to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled  the substance; give 
artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valv e or 
other proper respiratory medical dev ice. 
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing  
EYES OR SKIN  • In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water 
for at least 20 minutes.                        
      OXIDIZ ERS – TOXIC (LIQUIDS)         
                                   HAZARD  
FIRE  • These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.  
• May explode from heat or contamination.  
• Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).  
• May ignit e combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard  
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may 
cause severe i njury,  
burns or death.  
• Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.  
• Toxic/flammable fumes may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, tank 
cars, etc.).  
• Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the 
manufacturer. It may provide  
little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations 
ONLY; it is not  
effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS           
 
8 
 FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them location, material, UN  Number, quantity and emergency contact ( name and 
telephone number) Indicate  condition of the vehicle and any damage observed.  
• As an immediate precautionary measur e, isolate spill or leak area for at le ast 50 
meters (150 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering  
Spill  
• See T able 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted materials. 
For no highlighted  
materials, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessar y, the isolation distance 
shown under “PUBLIC SAFETY”.  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truc k is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2  mile) in 
all directions; also  consider  initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.  
 
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk  
 
SPILL OR LEAK  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
• Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.  
• Fully encapsulating, vapor -protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks w ith 
no fire.  
• Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate 
protective clothing.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift.  
• Do not get water inside containe rs. 
Small Liquid Spill  
• Use a non -combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and 
place into a container  
for later disposal.  
Large Spill  
• Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal  
FIRE  FIRE  
Small Fire  
• Use water. Do not  use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited 
control.  
Large Fire  
• Flood fire area with water from a distance.  
• Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without ris k. 
Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fir e. 
• For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, 
withdraw from  area and let fire burn.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL  • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and ta ke 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
INHALED OR • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 9 INGESTED  • Do not use mouth -to-mouth m ethod if victim ingested or inhaled  the substance; give 
artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valve or 
other p roper respiratory medical device.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
• Remove and isolate conta minated clothing  
EYES OR SKIN  • In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water 
for at least 20 minutes.                      
      OXIDIZERS – (UNSTABLE)        
                                   HAZARD  
FIRE  • May ex plode from friction, heat or contamination.  
• These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.  
• May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).  
• Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Runoff may create fire or explosion haz ard. 
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dust s or substance 
may cause severe injury, burns or death.  
• Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic ga ses. 
• Toxic fumes or dust may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank 
cars, etc.).  
• Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by t he 
manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations 
ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is 
possible.  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them locati on, material, UN Number, quantity and emergency contact ( name and 
telephone number) Indicate  condition of the vehicle and any damage observed.  
 
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for 
at least 50 meters  
(150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering  
          
 
10 
 TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
 Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk  
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2  mile) in 
all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions  
Spill  
• See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted  materials. 
For non -highlighted materials, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessar y, the 
isolation distance shown under “PUBLIC SAFETY  
SPILL OR LEAK   
• ELIMINATE all  ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate 
area).  
• Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate 
protective clothing.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff to contact spilled material.  
• DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.  
Small Spill  
• Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non -combustible material followed with  
plastic sheet t o minimize spreading or contact with rain.  
Large Spill  
• DO NOT CLEAN -UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A 
SPECIALIST.  
 
FIRE  FIRE  
• DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.  
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical, soda ash or lime.  
Large Fire  
• DRY sand, dry chemical, soda  ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.  
• Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads  
• Fight fire from maximum dist ance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL  • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Conta minated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• Do not use mouth -to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled  the substance; give 
artificial respir ation with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valve or 
other proper respiratory medical device.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing  
EYES OR SKIN  • In case of contact with substance, immed iately flush skin or eyes with running water 
for at least 20 minutes.                    ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 11   
      OXIDIZERS – (WATER REACTIVE)         
                                   HAZARD  
FIRE  • May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).  
• React vigo rously and/or explosively with water.  
• Produce toxic and/or corrosive substances on contact with water.  
• Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars.  
• Some may produce flammable hydrogen gas upon contact with metals.  
• Containers may e xplode when heated.  
• Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.  
 
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • TOXIC; inhalation or contact with vapor, substance, or decomposition p roducts may 
cause severe injury or death.  
• Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or to xic gases.  
• Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifi cally recommended by t he 
manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations 
ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the  substance is 
possible.  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them location, material, UN Number, quantity and emergency contact ( name and 
telephone number) Indica te condition of the vehicle and any damage observed.  
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all di rections for at 
least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.  
• Keep unauthorized personne l away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering  
 
 
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Spill  
• See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted materia ls. 
For no highlighted materials, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessar y, the 
isolation distance shown under “PUBLIC SAFETY”.  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2  mile) in 
all directions; also , consider  initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.  
          
 
12 
 SPILL OR LEAK  •ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate 
area).  
• Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing approp riate 
protective clothing.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff to contact spilled material.  
• DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.  
Sma ll Spill  
• Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non -combustible material  followed with 
plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.  
Large Spill  
• DO NOT CLEAN -UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A 
SPECIALIST  
 
FIRE  DO NOT USE WATE R OR FOAM.  
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical, soda ash or lime.  
Large Fire  
• DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.  
• Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.  
• Move containers from fire area if you  can do it without risk.  
Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL  • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect  
themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.  
• Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
• Keep victim under observation.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• Do not use mouth -to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled  the substance; give 
artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valve or  
other proper respiratory medica l device.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult  
EYES OR SKIN  .• In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water 
for at least 20 minutes.  
• Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed  
 
 The emergency procedu res and protective clothing specified on this card should be used 
unless more product -specific information, indicating a lesser degree of risk, is available at the 
scene of the emergency.  
 Any personal items should be put in a secure place for safe keeping and must be returned to 
the owner  
 
 ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 13