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three different U.S. Federal Circuit 
Courts (3rd Circuit for New Jersey; 7th Circuit for Illinois; and 9th Circuit for California). 
In addition, the EPA has determined 
that this rule has nationwide scope or effect because it addresses a common core of knowledge and analysis involved in formulating the decision and a common interpretation of the requirements of 40 CFR 51 appendix V applied to determining the completeness of SIPs in states across the country. This determination is appropriate because, in the 1977 CAA Amendments that revised CAA section 307(b)(l), Congress noted that the Administrator’s determination that an 
action is of ‘‘nationwide scope or effect’’ would be appropriate for any action that has ‘‘scope or effect beyond a single judicial circuit.’’ H.R. Rep. No. 95–294 at 323–324, reprinted in 1977 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1402–03. Here, the scope and effect of this action extends to the three judicial circuits that include the states across the country affected by this action. In these circumstances, CAA section 307(b)(1) and its legislative history authorize the Administrator to find the rule to be of ‘‘nationwide scope or effect’’ and, thus, to indicate that venue for challenges lies in the District of Columbia Circuit. Accordingly, the EPA is determining that this rule is of nationwide scope or effect. 
Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, 
petitions for judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit within 60 days from the date this final action is published in the Federal Register. Filing a petition 
for review by the Administrator of this final action does not affect the finality of the action for the purposes of judicial review, nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review must be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or action. 
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 
Environmental protection, Approval 
and promulgation of implementation 
plans, Administrative practice and procedures, Incorporation by reference, Air pollution control, Intergovernmental relations, and Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 
Dated: November 29, 2017. 
William L. Wehrum, 
Assistant Administrator. 
[FR Doc. 2017–26537 Filed 12–8–17; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
AGENCY 
40 CFR Part 82 
[EPA–HQ–OAR–2017–0472; FRL–9968–24– 
OAR] 
RIN 2060–AT53 
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: 
Revision to References for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Sector To Incorporate Latest Edition of Certain Industry, Consensus-Based Standards 
AGENCY : Environmental Protection 
Agency (EPA). 
ACTION : Direct final rule. 
SUMMARY : The U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency (EPA) is taking direct final action to modify the use conditions required for use of three flammable refrigerants, isobutane (R–600a), propane (R–290), and R–441A, in new household refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerators and freezers under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. The use conditions, which address safe use of flammable refrigerants, are being revised to reflect the incorporation by reference of an updated standard from Underwriters Laboratories. 
DATES : This rule is effective on March 
12, 2018 without further notice, unless EPA receives adverse comment by January 25, 2018. If EPA receives adverse comment, we will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that the 
rule will not take effect. Any party requesting a public hearing must notify the contact listed below under 
FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT by 
December 18, 2017. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of March 12, 2018. 
ADDRESSES : EPA has established a 
docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2017–0472. All documents in the docket are listed on the https://www.regulations.gov Web 
site. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business information 
(CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available electronically through https:// 
www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at 
the Air and Radiation Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744, and the telephone number for the Air and Radiation Docket is (202) 566–1742. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : 
Chenise Farquharson, Stratospheric Protection Division, Office of Atmospheric Programs (Mail Code 6205T), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: 202–564–7768; email address: farquharson.chenise@epa.gov. Notices 
and rulemakings under EPA’s Significant New Alternatives Policy program are available on EPA’s Stratospheric Ozone Web site at https:// 
www.epa.gov/snap/snap-regulations. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : We are 
modifying the use conditions for three flammable hydrocarbon refrigerants, isobutane (R–600a), propane (R–290), and R–441A, used in new household refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerators and freezers (hereafter ‘‘household refrigerators and freezers’’) by replacing four of the five use conditions in our previous hydrocarbon refrigerants rules (76 FR 78832, December 20, 2011; 80 FR 19454, April 10, 2015) with the updated Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard 60335–2–24 (2nd edition, April 28, 2017), ‘‘Household and Similar Electrical Appliances—Safety— Part 2–24: Particular Requirements for Refrigerating Appliances, Ice-Cream Appliances and Ice-Makers.’’ See EPA’s two previous rules (76 FR 78832, December 20, 2011; 80 FR 19454, April 10, 2015) for information on the SNAP program and the use conditions for isobutane, propane, and R–441A. UL Standard 60335–2–24 supersedes the current edition of UL Standard 250 (10th edition, August 25, 2000), ‘‘Household Refrigerators and Freezers,’’ which EPA previously incorporated by reference in the use conditions of the acceptability listings for these three refrigerants (76 FR 78832, December 20, 2011; 80 FR 19454, April 10, 2015). This action applies to new refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerator and freezers manufactured after the effective date of this regulation. This action does not place any significant burden on the regulated community and ensures consistency with standard industry practices. 
EPA is publishing this rule without a 
prior proposed rule because we view this as a noncontroversial action and 
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anticipate no adverse comment. In the 
‘‘Proposed Rules’’ section of this Federal Register, we are publishing a separate document that will serve as the proposed rule to modify these use conditions if adverse comments are received on this direct final rule. We will not institute a second comment period on this action. Any parties interested in commenting must do so at this time. For further information about commenting on this rule, see the 
ADDRESSES section of this document. 
If EPA receives adverse comment, we 
will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that all or part of this direct final rule will not take effect. We would address all public comments in any subsequent final rule based on the proposed rule. 
If requested by the date specified in 
the 
DATES section of this notice, EPA 
will hold a public hearing to accept oral testimony on this proposal on or before December 26, 2017 in Washington, DC. EPA will post all information regarding any public hearing on this proposed action, including whether a hearing will be held, its location, date, and time, if applicable, and any updates online at https://www.epa.gov/snap. In addition, 
you may contact Ms. Chenise Farquharson at (202) 564–7768 or by email at farquharson.chenise@epa.gov with public hearing inquiries. EPA does not intend to publish any future notices in the Federal Register regarding a public hearing on this action and directs 
all inquiries regarding a hearing to the Web site and contact person identified above. 
You may claim that information in 
your comments is CBI, as allowed by 40 CFR part 2. If you submit comments and 
include information that you claim as CBI, we request that you submit them directly to Chenise Farquharson at the address under 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION  
CONTACT in two versions: One clearly 
marked ‘‘Public’’ to be filed in the Public Docket, and the other marked ‘‘Confidential’’ to be reviewed by authorized government personnel only. This information will remain confidential unless EPA determines, in accordance with 40 CFR part 2, subpart B, that the information is not subject to protection as CBI. 
Table of Contents 
I. Does this action apply to me? 
II. Background 
A. What is the affected end-use? B. Refrigerant Flammability C. Use Conditions D. Revised UL Standard 60335–2–24 
III. What action is the Agency taking? 
A. Use Conditions B. Incorporation by Reference C. Equipment Manufactured Prior to 
Effective Date of This Rule 
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews 
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 
Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing 
Regulation and Controlling Regulatory 
Costs 
C. Paperwork Reduction Act D. Regulatory Flexibility Act E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 
and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments 
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 
Children From Environmental Health and Safety Risks 
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions 
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use 
J. National Technology Transfer and 
Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 1 CFR Part 51 
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions 
To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations 
L. Congressional Review Act 
V. References 
I. Does this action apply to me? 
This final rule regulates the use of 
three flammable hydrocarbon 
refrigerants, isobutane, propane, and the hydrocarbon blend R–441A, in new household refrigerators and freezers. Table 1 identifies industry subsectors that may wish to explore the use of these flammable refrigerants in this end- use or that may work with equipment using these refrigerants in the future. Regulated entities may include: 
TABLE 1—P OTENTIALLY REGULATED ENTITIES BY NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (NAICS) C ODE 
Category NAICS code Description of regulated entities 
Industry ............................... 333415 Manufacturers of Refrigerators, Freezers, and Other Refrigerating or Freezing Equipment, Elec-
tric or Other (NESOI); Heat Pumps Not Elsewhere Specified or Included; and Parts Thereof. 
Industry ............................... 335222 Household Refrigerator and Home Freezer Manufacturing. 
Industry ............................... 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance. 
This table is not intended to be 
exhaustive, but rather provides a guide 
for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether your entity is regulated by this action, you should carefully examine the applicability criteria found in 40 CFR part 82. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION  
CONTACT section. II. Background 
A. What is the affected end-use? 
Household refrigerators, freezers, and 
combination refrigerators and freezers 
are intended primarily for residential use, although they may be used outside the home (e.g., workplace kitchen 
pantries). The designs and refrigeration capacities of equipment vary widely. This equipment is composed of three main categories—household freezers only offer storage space at freezing temperatures, household refrigerators only offer storage space at non-freezing temperatures, and products with both a refrigerator and freezer in a single unit are most common and are referred to as combination refrigerators and freezers. Small refrigerated household appliances exist (e.g., chilled kitchen drawers, wine coolers, and mini-fridges) that are also 
within this end-use. Throughout this notice, we refer to all of these uses with the phrase ‘‘household refrigerators and freezers.’’ Household refrigerators and freezers have all refrigeration components integrated, and for the smallest types, the refrigeration circuit 
is entirely brazed or welded. These systems are charged with refrigerant at the factory and typically require only an electricity supply to begin operation. 
The 2014 American Society of 
Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Handbook of Refrigeration provides an overview of food preservation in regards to household refrigerators and freezers. Generally, a storage temperature between 32 and 39 °F (0 to 3.9 °C) is desirable for preserving fresh food. 
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1ASHRAE, 2016. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34– 
2016: Designation and Safety Classification of 
Refrigerants. 2Isobutane and R–441A: 75 FR 25799, May 10, 
2010 (proposed rule); 76 FR 78832, December 20, 2011 (final rule). 3Propane: 79 FR 38811, July 9, 2014 (proposed 
rule); 80 FR 19454, April 10, 2015 (final rule). Humidity and higher or lower 
temperatures are more suitable for certain foods and beverages. Wine chillers, for example, are frequently used for storing wine, and have slightly higher optimal temperatures from 45 to 65 °F (7.2 to 18.3 °C). Freezers and 
combination refrigerators and freezers that are designed to store food for long durations have temperatures below 8 °F (¥13.3 °C) and are designed to hold 
temperatures near 0 to 5 °F (¥17.7 to ¥15 °C). In single-door refrigerators, the 
optimum conditions for food preservation are typically warmer than this due to the fact that food storage is not intended for long-term storage. 
B. Refrigerant Flammability 
American National Standards 
Institute (ANSI)/ASHRAE Standard 34– 
2016 assigns a safety group classification for each refrigerant which consists of two alphanumeric characters (e.g., A2 or B1). The capital letter 
indicates the toxicity and the numeral denotes the flammability. ASHRAE classifies Class A refrigerants as 
refrigerants for which toxicity has not been identified at concentrations less than or equal to 400 parts per million (ppm) by volume, based on data used to determine threshold limit values (TLV)– time weighted average (TWA) or consistent indices. Class B signifies 
refrigerants for which there is evidence of toxicity at concentrations below 400 ppm by volume, based on data used to determine TLV–TWA or consistent indices. The refrigerants are also assigned a flammability classification of 1, 2, or 3. Tests are conducted in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E681 using a spark ignition source at 60 °C and 101.3 kPa.
1 
The flammability classification ‘‘1’’ is 
given to refrigerants that, when tested, show no flame propagation. The flammability classification ‘‘2’’ is given to refrigerants that, when tested, exhibit flame propagation, have a heat of combustion less than 19,000 kJ/kg (8,174 British thermal units (BTU)/lb), 
and have a lower flammability limit (LFL) greater than 0.10 kg/m
3. 
Refrigerants within flammability classification ‘‘2’’ may optionally be designated in the subclass ‘‘2L’’ if they have a maximum burning velocity of 10 cm/s or lower when tested at 23.0 °C and 101.3 kPa. The flammability classification ‘‘3’’ is given to refrigerants that, when tested, exhibit flame propagation and that either have a heat of combustion of 19,000 kJ/kg (8,174 BTU/lb) or greater or an LFL of 0.10 kg/ 
m
3or lower. Thus, refrigerants with 
flammability classification ‘‘3’’ are highly flammable while those with flammability classification ‘‘2’’ are less flammable and those with flammability classification ‘‘2L’’ are mildly flammable. For both toxicity and flammability classifications, refrigerant blends are designated based on the worst-case of fractionation determined for the blend. Figure 1 illustrates these safety group classifications. 
C. Use Conditions 
EPA previously found isobutane, 
propane, and R–441A acceptable, 
subject to use conditions, in new household refrigerators and freezers. In the proposed and final rules, EPA provided information on the environmental and health properties of the three refrigerants and the various 
substitutes available for use in household refrigerators and freezers. Additionally, EPA’s risk screens for the three refrigerants are available in the docket for these rulemakings (EPA–HQ– OAR–2009–0286 and EPA–HQ–OAR– 2013–0748).
23 Isobutane, propane, and R–441A have 
an ASHRAE classification of A3, 
indicating that they have low toxicity and high flammability. The flammability risks are of concern because household refrigerators and freezers have traditionally used refrigerants that are not flammable. In the presence of an ignition source (e.g., static electricity, a spark resulting from a closing door, or a cigarette), an explosion or a fire could occur if the concentration of isobutane, propane, and R–441A were to exceed the LFL of 18,000 ppm, 21,000 ppm, and 20,500 ppm, respectively. To address flammability, EPA listed 
the refrigerants as acceptable, subject to 
use conditions, in new household refrigerators and freezers. The use conditions address safe use of flammable refrigerants and include incorporation by reference of Supplement SA to UL Standard 250, 
refrigerant charge size limits, and requirements for markings on equipment using the refrigerants to inform consumers and technicians of potential flammability hazards. Without appropriate use conditions, the flammability risk posed by the refrigerants could be higher than non- flammable refrigerants because 
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4Sometimes conversion refrigerant substitutes are 
inaccurately referred to as ‘‘drop in’’ replacements. individuals may not be aware that their 
actions could potentially cause a fire, and because the refrigerants could be used in existing equipment that has not been designed specifically to minimize flammability risks. Our assessment and listing decisions (76 FR 78832; December 20, 2011 and 80 FR 19454; 
April 10, 2015) found that with the use conditions, the overall risk of these substitutes, including the risk due to flammability, does not present significantly greater risk in the end-use than other substitutes that are currently or potentially available for that same end-use. 
The use conditions required the 
following: 
1. New equipment only; not intended 
for use as a retrofit alternative: These refrigerants may be used only in new equipment designed specifically and clearly identified for the refrigerant (i.e., none of these substitutes may be used as a conversion or ‘‘retrofit’’
4refrigerant 
for existing equipment designed for a different refrigerant); 
2. UL standard: These refrigerants 
may be used only in a refrigerator or freezer, or combination refrigerator and freezer, that meets all requirements listed in Supplement SA to the 10th edition of the UL Standard for Household Refrigerators and Freezers, UL 250, dated August 25, 2000). In cases where the final rule includes requirements more stringent than those of the 10th edition of UL Standard 250, the appliance must meet the requirements of the final rule in place of the requirements in the UL standard; 
3. Charge size: The charge size must 
not exceed 57 grams (2.01 ounces) in any refrigerator, freezer, or combination refrigerator and freezer in each circuit; 
4. Color-coded hoses and piping: As 
provided in clauses SA6.1.1 and SA6.1.2 of UL Standard 250, 10th edition, the refrigerator, freezer, or combination refrigerator and freezer must have red Pantone Matching System (PMS) #185 marked pipes, hoses, or other devices through which the refrigerant passes, to indicate the use of a flammable refrigerant. This color must be present at all service ports and other parts of the system where service puncturing or other actions creating an opening from the refrigerant circuit to the atmosphere might be expected and must extend a minimum of one (1) inch in both directions from such locations; and 
5. Labeling: The following markings, 
or the equivalent, must be provided and must be permanent: a. ‘‘DANGER—Risk of Fire or 
Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. 
Do Not Use Mechanical Devices To Defrost Refrigerator. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing.’’ This marking must be provided on or near any evaporators that can be contacted by the consumer. 
b. ‘‘DANGER—Risk of Fire or 
Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. To Be Repaired Only By Trained Service Personnel. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing.’’ This marking must be located near the machine compartment. 
c. ‘‘CAUTION—Risk of Fire or 
Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. 
Consult Repair Manual/Owner’s Guide Before Attempting To Service This Product. All Safety Precautions Must be Followed.’’ This marking must be located near the machine compartment. 
d. ‘‘CAUTION—Risk of Fire or 
Explosion. Dispose of Properly In Accordance With Federal Or Local Regulations. Flammable Refrigerant Used.’’ This marking must be provided on the exterior of the refrigeration equipment. 
e. ‘‘CAUTION—Risk of Fire or 
Explosion Due To Puncture Of Refrigerant Tubing; Follow Handling Instructions Carefully. Flammable Refrigerant Used.’’ This marking must be provided near all exposed refrigerant tubing. 
f. All of these markings must be in 
letters no less than 6.4 mm (
1⁄4inch) 
high. 
D. Revised UL Standard 60335–2–24 
UL first established Standard 60335– 
2–24 on August 21, 2006, to address the 
safety of household and similar electrical appliances that use flammable refrigerants. Specifically, the standard applies to the safety of refrigerating appliances for household and similar use, ice-makers incorporating a motor- compressor and ice-makers intended to be incorporated in frozen food storage compartments, and refrigerating appliances and ice-makers for use in camping, touring caravans and boats for leisure purposes. In response to industry’s interest to reconsider the use of flammable refrigerants in refrigeration and air conditioning (AC) equipment and at larger charge sizes, UL formed a Joint Task Group (JTG) comprised of members of its Standards Technical Panel (STP) in 2011. The JTG was tasked with developing recommendations for addressing the use and safety of refrigerants classified as A2, A2L, and A3. 
One of the outcomes of the work of 
the JTG is the revised UL Standard 60335–2–24, which is based on International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 60335–2–24 ‘‘Household and Similar Electrical Appliances—Safety—Part 2–24: Particular Requirements for Refrigerating Appliances, Ice-Cream Appliances and Ice-Makers’’ (edition 7.1, May 2012). The revised UL Standard 60335–2–24 was developed in an open and consensus-based approach, with the assistance of experts in the refrigeration and AC industry as well as experts involved in assessing the safety of products. The revision cycle, including final recirculation, concluded on February 6, 2017, and UL published the updated standard on April 28, 2017. The 2017 standard supersedes the previous edition published in August 2006, and also replaces the current edition of UL Standard 250 (10th edition, August 2000). 
The revised UL Standard 60335–2–24 
establishes requirements for the evaluation of household and similar electrical appliances and the safe use of refrigerants with a flammability classification of A2, A2L, or A3. The charge size limit for each separate refrigerant circuit (i.e., compressor, 
condenser, evaporator, and refrigerant piping) is 150 grams (5.3 ounces). This differs from the charge size limit in Supplement SA to UL 250, which was 50 grams. Similar to Supplement SA to UL 250, UL Standard 60335–2–24 requires testing of refrigeration appliances containing flammable refrigerants, including leakage tests, temperature and scratch tests, and heat testing requirements to address the hazards due to ignition of leaked refrigerant by potential ignition sources associated with the appliance (see sections 22.107–22.110 and the relevant annexes of the standard for specific testing requirements). These tests are intended, among other things, to ensure that any leaks will result in concentrations well below the LFL, and that potential ignition sources will not be able to create temperatures high enough to start a fire. Appliances that are in compliance with UL Standard 60335–2–24 have passed appropriate ignition or leakage tests as stipulated in the standard. Passing the leakage test ensures that refrigerant concentrations in the event of a leak do not reach or exceed 75 percent of the LFL inside any internal or external electrical component compartments. 
III. What action is the Agency taking? A. Use Conditions 
In this direct final rule, EPA is 
replacing the reference to the 2000 UL 
Standard 250 in use condition ‘‘2’’ with the updated 2017 UL Standard 60335– 2–24 ‘‘Safety Requirements for 
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5Sometimes conversion refrigerant substitutes are 
inaccurately referred to as ‘‘drop in’’ replacements. Household and Similar Electrical 
Appliances, Part 2: Particular Requirements for Refrigerating Appliances, Ice-Cream Appliances and Ice-Makers’’ (2nd Edition, April 28, 2017). In addition, EPA is replacing the use conditions in ‘‘3,’’ ‘‘4,’’ and ‘‘5’’ with the updated 2017 UL standard 60335–2–24 because the UL standard provides for the identical requirements in those use conditions and thus provides the same level of assurance 
that the three substitutes can be used as safely as nonflammable alternatives. The revised use conditions apply to new household refrigerators and freezers manufactured after the effective date of this regulation. The new use conditions are as follows: 
1. New equipment only; not intended 
for use as a retrofit alternative: Propane, isobutane, and R–441A may be used only in new equipment designed specifically and clearly identified for the refrigerant (i.e., none of these 
substitutes may be used as a conversion or ‘‘retrofit’’
5refrigerant for existing 
equipment designed for a different refrigerant); and 
2. UL standard: These refrigerants 
may be used only in equipment that meets all requirements in UL Standard 60335–2–24 (2nd edition, April 28, 2017). 
a. Charge Size 
EPA previously required a charge size 
limit of 57 grams (2.01 ounces) for each 
separate refrigerant circuit in a refrigerator or freezer in use condition ‘‘3.’’ In this action, EPA is removing use condition ‘‘3.’’ To comply with UL Standard 60335–2–24, the maximum charge size for each separate refrigerant circuit in a refrigerator or freezer would need to be 150 grams (5.29 ounces), consistent with UL Standard 60335–2– 24. 
EPA evaluated reasonable worst-case 
and more typical, yet conservative, scenarios to model the effects of the sudden release of each refrigerant from a household refrigerator or freezer containing the maximum charge size of 150 grams (5.29 ounces). This was done to determine whether the refrigerants would present flammability or toxicity concerns for consumers or workers, including those servicing or disposing of appliances. To represent a reasonable worst-case scenario, it was assumed that a catastrophic leak of each refrigerant would occur while the refrigerator or freezer unit is located in a residential kitchen with a height of approximately 2.4 meters (i.e., a standard 8-foot ceiling) and a minimum effective 
volume of 18 m
3(640 ft3) or an effective 
volume of 53 m3(1,870 ft3) (i.e., 
excluding the space filled by cabinets, other kitchen equipment) (Murray 1997). The minimum kitchen volume of 18 m
3(640 ft3) does not consider 
residential kitchen spaces that are often connected to other rooms (e.g., living 
room, dining room) through open pathways or swinging doors, which would also increase the effective volume of the space into which a refrigerant would be released, thereby reducing the likelihood that the instantaneous concentration of the refrigerants would exceed the LFL. Conversely, the larger kitchen volume used in the analysis (i.e., 53 m
3) 
considers air-mixing that is likely to occur within the spaces that are adjacent to the kitchen (Murray 1997). Both kitchen volumes modeled in this analysis are conservative, as the average kitchen zone volume in the United States is 199 m
3; the minimum kitchen 
zone volume is 31 m3; and 99 percent 
of the sampled kitchen zones are larger than 53 m
3(Murray 1997). 
EPA’s analysis for each of the 
refrigerants revealed that even if the unit’s full charge were emitted within one minute, the concentration would not reach the LFL for that refrigerant in the less conservative 53 m
3(1,870 ft3) 
kitchen, showing a lack of flammability risk. The threshold analyses demonstrated that a flammability concern could exist in the minimum modeled kitchen volume (i.e., 18 m
3 
(640 ft3)) if the charge size of the 
household refrigerator or freezer exceeded 120 grams, which is slightly smaller than the maximum modeled charge size (i.e., 150 grams). However, 
the estimated exposures were derived using conservative assumptions (e.g., small room size, no ventilation). A 150- gram household refrigeration unit would have to be installed in a kitchen at least 2.3 times smaller than the less conservative kitchen size modeled in the worst-case conditions at end-use in order for flammability to be of concern. As a result, EPA determined that a release of a 150-gram unit does not present a significant flammability risk in the reasonable worst-case scenario for the three refrigerants in household refrigerators and freezers. 
Concerning toxicity of the 
refrigerants, our risk screens find that the 30-minute acute exposure guideline level (AEGL) (i.e., 6,900 ppm) is 
exceeded only in the worst-case scenario for the minimum kitchen volume (i.e., 18 m
3). Based upon our 
analysis, the minimum room sizes in 
which installed equipment could cause a toxicity concern would have to be 
approximately 0.8 times smaller than the maximum modeled room size of 53 m
3(1,870 ft3), which is a conservative 
kitchen volume in the United States (Murray 1997). Thus, we have determined that isobutane, propane, and R–441A do not pose significantly greater flammability and toxicity risks than other acceptable refrigerants in the household refrigerators and freezers end-use. The higher charge size included in the revised use condition will provide greater flexibility to appliance manufacturers in the design of equipment while also ensuring that such equipment will not pose greater risk than similar equipment using other acceptable alternatives. For more information about EPA’s risk assessments, see the docket for this rulemaking (EPA–HQ–OAR–2017– 0472). 
b. Color-Coded Hoses and Piping, and 
Labeling 
UL Standard 60335–2–24 includes 
requirements for red PMS #185 marked pipes, hoses, and other devices through which the refrigerant passes, and requirements for markings in letters no less than 6.4 mm (
1⁄4inch) high to 
inform consumers and technicians of potential flammability hazards are addressed in (see sections 7.1 and 22.106 of the standard for additional 
information on the required marking and warning labels). Retaining the use conditions in ‘‘4’’ and ‘‘5’’ in EPA’s previous hydrocarbon refrigerants rules would be redundant of the updated standard. Therefore, we are replacing the use conditions in ‘‘4’’ and ‘‘5’’ with UL Standard 60335–2–24. 
B. Incorporation by Reference 
Through this action EPA is 
incorporating by reference UL Standard 
60335–2–24, ‘‘Safety Requirements for Household and Similar Electrical Appliances, Part 2: Particular Requirements for Refrigerating Appliances, Ice-Cream Appliances and Ice-Makers’’ (2nd edition, April 2017), which establishes requirements for the evaluation of household and similar electrical appliances, and safe use of flammable refrigerants. This approach is the same as that used to incorporate Supplement SA to UL 250 10th edition in our previous rules on flammable refrigerants (76 FR 78832, December 20, 2011; 80 FR 19454, April 10, 2015). 
The UL standard is available for 
purchase by mail at: COMM 2000, 151 Eastern Avenue, Bensenville, IL 60106; Email: orders@shopulstandards.com ; 
Telephone: 1–888–853–3503 in the U.S. or Canada (other countries dial 1–415– 
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6ICF, 2017a. Risk Screen on Substitutes in 
Household Refrigerators and Freezers; Substitute: 
Propane (R–290). 
7ICF, 2017b. Risk Screen on Substitutes in 
Household Refrigerators and Freezers; Substitute: Isobutane (R–600a). 
8ICF, 2017c. Risk Screen on Substitutes in 
Household Refrigerators and Freezers; Substitute: R–441A. 352–2178); Internet address: http://
www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL60335-2-24 _
2_B_20170428(ULStandards2). The cost 
of UL 60335–2–24 is $454 for an electronic copy and $567 for hardcopy. UL also offers a subscription service to the Standards Certification Customer Library (SCCL) that allows unlimited access to their standards and related documents. The cost of obtaining this standard is not a significant financial burden for equipment manufacturers and purchase is not required for those selling, installing and servicing the equipment. Therefore, EPA concludes that the UL standard being incorporated by reference is reasonably available. 
C. Equipment Manufactured Prior to 
Effective Date of This Rule 
The use conditions in this rule apply 
to new household refrigerators and freezers manufactured after the effective date of this regulation. New household refrigerators and freezers manufactured and used with isobutane on or after January 19, 2012, or such equipment manufactured and used with propane or R–441A on or after May 10, 2015, was required to meet the requirements of the earlier use conditions of the December 20, 2011 and April 10, 2015 final rules, including compliance with UL 250 (10th edition, August 25, 2000), ‘‘Household Refrigerators and Freezers.’’ This rule does not apply to or affect equipment manufactured before the effective date of this rule and which was manufactured in compliance with the SNAP requirements applicable at the time of manufacture. 
IV. Statutory and Executive Order 
Reviews 
Additional information about these 
statutes and Executive Orders can be found at https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders. 
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 
Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review 
This action is not a significant 
regulatory action and was therefore not submitted to the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) for review. 
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing 
Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs 
This action is not an Executive Order 
13771 regulatory action because this action is not significant under Executive Order 12866. C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) 
This action does not impose any new 
information collection burden under the 
PRA. OMB has previously approved the information collection requirements contained in the existing regulations and has assigned OMB control number 2060–0226. This rule contains no new requirements for reporting or recordkeeping. 
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act 
I certify that this action will not have 
a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities under the RFA. In making this determination, the impact of concern is any significant adverse economic impact on small entities. An agency may certify that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory burden, has no net burden or otherwise has a positive economic effect on the small 
entities subject to the rule. 
The use conditions of this rule apply 
to manufacturers of new household refrigerators and freezers, that choose to use flammable refrigerants. This action allows equipment manufacturers to use flammable refrigerants at a higher charge size than previously allowed in new household refrigerators and freezers but does not mandate such use; the change to the use conditions allows more flexibility for manufacturers in the design of equipment and thus reduces the regulatory burden to the regulated community. In some cases, it may reduce costs by allowing manufacturers to design equipment with a single, larger refrigerant circuit instead of multiple, smaller refrigerant circuits for the same piece of equipment. 
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
(UMRA) 
This action does not contain any 
unfunded mandate as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531–1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The action imposes no enforceable duty on any state, local or tribal governments or the private sector. 
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 
This action does not have federalism 
implications. It will not have substantial 
direct effects on the states, on the relationship between the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 
and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments 
This action does not have tribal 
implications as specified in Executive Order 13175. It will not have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on the 
distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action. 
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 
Children From Environmental Health and Safety Risks 
This action is not subject to Executive 
Order 13045 because it is not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866, and because EPA does not believe the environmental health or safety risks addressed by this action present a disproportionate risk to children. This action’s health and risk assessments are contained in risk screens for the various substitutes.
678 
The risk screens are available in the docket for this rulemaking. 
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions 
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use 
This action is not a ‘‘significant 
energy action’’ because it is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution or use of energy. 
J. National Technology Transfer and 
Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 1 CFR Part 51 
This action involves a technical 
standard. EPA is revising the use conditions for the household refrigerators and freezers end-use by incorporating by reference the UL Standard 60335–2–24, ‘‘Safety Requirements for Household and Similar Electrical Appliances, Part 2: Particular Requirements for Refrigerating Appliances, Ice-Cream Appliances and Ice-Makers’’ (2nd edition, April 2017), which establishes requirements for the evaluation of household and similar electrical appliances, and safe use of flammable refrigerants. UL Standard 60335–2–24 
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supersedes the current edition of UL 
Standard 250, Supplement SA, ‘‘Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System’’ (10th Edition, August 2000). EPA’s revision to the use conditions will replace the 2000 UL standard 250 with the 2017 UL standard 60335–2–24. This standard is available at https://standardscatalog.ul.com/standards/en/ standard_ 60335–2–24_ 2, and may be 
purchased by mail at: COMM 2000, 151 Eastern Avenue, Bensenville, IL 60106; Email: orders@shopulstandards.com; 
Telephone: 1–888–853–3503 in the U.S. or Canada (other countries dial 1–415– 352–2178); Internet address: http://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL60335-2-24 _
2_B_20170428(ULStandards2). The cost 
of UL 60335–2–24 is $454 for an electronic copy and $567 for hardcopy. UL also offers a subscription service to the Standards Certification Customer Library (SCCL) that allows unlimited access to their standards and related documents. The cost of obtaining this standard is not a significant financial burden for equipment manufacturers and purchase is not required for those selling, installing and servicing the equipment. Therefore, EPA concludes that the UL standard being incorporated by reference is reasonably available. 
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal 
Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations 
The human health or environmental 
risk addressed by this action will not have potential disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority, low- income or indigenous populations. This action’s health and environmental risk assessments are contained in the risk screens for the various substitutes. The risk screens are available in the docket for this rulemaking. 
L. Congressional Review Act (CRA) 
This action is subject to the CRA, and 
EPA will submit a rule report to each 
House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). 
V. References 
Unless specified otherwise, all 
documents are available electronically 
through the Federal Docket Management System, Docket # EPA–HQ–OAR–2017– 0472. 
ASHRAE, 2016. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 
34–2016: Designation and Safety 
Classification of Refrigerants. 
ICF, 2017a. Risk Screen on Substitutes in 
Household Refrigerators and Freezers; Substitute: Propane (R–290). 
ICF, 2017b. Risk Screen on Substitutes in 
Household Refrigerators and Freezers; Substitute: Isobutane (R–600a). 
ICF, 2017c. Risk Screen on Substitutes in 
Household Refrigerators and Freezers; Substitute: R–441A. 
Murray, D.M. (1997). Residential house and 
zone volumes in the United States: empirical and estimated parametric distributions. Risk Anal 17: 439–446. 
Available online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00884.x/full. 
UL 250. Household Refrigerators and 
Freezers. 10th edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. August 2000. 
UL 60335–2–24. Safety Requirements for 
Household and Similar Electrical Appliances, Part 2: Particular Requirements for Refrigerating Appliances, Ice-Cream Appliances and Ice-Makers. 2nd edition. April 2017. List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82 
Environmental protection, 
Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Recycling, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Stratospheric ozone layer. 
Dated: November 20, 2017. 
E. Scott Pruitt, 
Administrator. 
For the reasons set out in the 
preamble, 40 CFR part 82 is amended as 
follows: 
PART 82—PROTECTION OF 
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE 
■1. The authority citation for part 82 
continues to read as follows: 
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7414, 7601, 7671– 
7671q. 
Subpart G—Significant New Alternatives Policy Program 
■2. Amend Appendix R to subpart G of 
part 82 by: 
■a. Revising the heading; 
■b. Removing the two entries in the 
table for ‘‘Household refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerators and freezers (New equipment only)’’ and adding a new entry in their place; and 
■c. Revising the NOTE at the end of the 
table. 
The revisions and additions to read as 
follows: 
Appendix R to Subpart G of Part 82— 
Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions Listed in the December 20, 2011, Final Rule, Effective February 21, 2012, in the April 10, 2015 Final Rule, Effective May 11, 2015, and in the December 11, 2017 Final Rule, Effective March 12, 2018 
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9Prior to this date, manufacturers of new 
household refrigerants and freezers must comply 
with the use conditions in EPA’s previous hydrocarbon refrigerants rules (76 FR 78832, December 20, 2011; 80 FR 19454, April 10, 2015), codified at 40 CFR part 82, Appendix R to subpart G, which include a charge limit of 57 grams for each separate refrigerant circuit and a requirement to meet Supplement SA to the UL 250 Standard, 10th edition, for household refrigerators and freezers. SUBSTITUTES THATAREACCEPTABLE SUBJECT TO USECONDITIONS  
End-use Substitute Decision Use conditions Further information 
Household refrig-
erators, freezers, 
and combination refrigerators and freezers (New equipment only).Isobutane (R- 
600a) Pro-pane (R- 290) R-41A.Acceptable 
subject to use con-ditions.As of March 12, 2018:
9These refrigerants may be 
used only in new equipment designed specifically and clearly identified for the refrigerant (i.e., none of these substitutes may be used as a conversion or ‘‘retrofit’’ refrigerant for existing equipment de-signed for a different refrigerant).
These refrigerants may be used only in a refrigerator 
or freezer, or combination refrigerator and freezer, 
that meets all requirements listed in the 2nd edition of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard for Safety: Household and Similar Electrical Appli-ances—Safety—Part 2–24: Particular Require-ments for Refrigerating Appliances, Ice-Cream Ap-pliances and Ice-Makers, UL 60335–2–24, dated April 28, 2017.Applicable OSHA requirements at 29 CFR part 1910 
must be followed, including those at 29 CFR 1910.106 (flammable and combustible liquids), 1910.110 (storage and handling of liquefied petro-leum gases), 1910.157 (portable fire extinguishers), and 1910.1000 (toxic and hazardous sub-stances).Proper ventilation should be maintained at all times during the manufacture and storage of equipment containing hydrocarbon refrigerants through adherence to good manufacturing practices as per 29 CFR 1910.106. If refrigerant levels in the air surrounding the equipment rise above one- fourth of the lower flammability limit, the space should be evacuated and re-entry should occur only after the space has been properly ventilated. 
Technicians and equipment manufacturers should 
wear appropriate personal protective equipment, in-cluding chemical goggles and protective gloves, when handling these refrigerants. Special care should be taken to avoid contact with the skin since these refrigerants, like many refrigerants, can cause freeze burns on the skin. A Class B dry powder type fire extinguisher should be kept near-by. 
Technicians should only use spark-proof tools when 
working on refrigerators and freezers with these re-
frigerants. 
Any recovery equipment used should be designed for 
flammable refrigerants. Any refrigerant releases should be in a well-ventilated area, such as outside of a building. Only technicians specifically trained in handling flammable refrigerants should service re-frigerators and freezers containing these refrig-erants. Technicians should gain an understanding of minimizing the risk of fire and the steps to use flammable refrigerants safely. 
*******  
Note: The use conditions in this appendix contain references to certain standards from Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL). The standards are incorporated by ref-
erence, and the referenced sections are made part of the regulations in part 82: 
1. UL 471. Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers. 10th edition. Supplement SB: Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing a Flammable Refrigerant 
in the Refrigerating System. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. November 24, 2010. 
2. UL 484. Room Air Conditioners. 8th edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Room Air Conditioners Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating 
System and Appendices B through F. December 21, 2007, with changes through August 3, 2012. 
3. UL 541. Refrigerated Vending Machines. 7th edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Refrigerated Venders Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrig-
erating System. December 30, 2011 
4. UL Standard 60335–2–24. Standard for Safety: Requirements for Household and Similar Electrical Appliances,—Safety—Part 2–24: Particular Requirements for 
Refrigerating Appliances, Ice-Cream Appliances and Ice-Makers, Second edition, dated April 28, 2017. 
The Director of the Federal Register approves the incorporation by reference of the material under ‘‘Use Conditions’’ in the table ‘‘SUBSTITUTES THAT ARE AC-
CEPTABLE SUBJECT TO USE CONDITIONS’’ (5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51). Copies of UL Standards 60335–2–24, 471, 484, and 541 may be purchased by 
mail at: COMM 2000, 151 Eastern Avenue, Bensenville, IL 60106; Email: orders@shopulstandards.com; Telephone: 1–888–853–3503 in the U.S. or Canada (other 
countries dial 1–415–352–2178); Internet address: http://www.shopulstandards.com/Catalog.aspx. 
You may inspect a copy at U.S. EPA’s Air Docket; EPA West Building, Room 3334; 1301 Constitution Ave. NW.; Washington, DC or at the National Archives and 
Records Administration (NARA). For questions regarding access to these standards, the telephone number of EPA’S Air Docket is 202–566–1742. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. 
* * * * * 
[FR Doc. 2017–26085 Filed 12–8–17; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration 
50 CFR Part 665 
[Docket No. 170120106–7999–01] 
RIN 0648–XF186 
Pacific Island Fisheries; 2017 Annual 
Catch Limits and Accountability Measures 
AGENCY : National Marine Fisheries 
Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce. 
ACTION : Final specifications. SUMMARY : In this final rule, NMFS 
specifies annual catch limits (ACLs) for 
Pacific Island crustacean, precious coral, and territorial bottomfish fisheries, and accountability measures (AMs) to correct or mitigate any 
overages of catch limits. The ACLs and AMs will be effective for fishing year 2017. Although the 2017 fishing year has nearly ended for most stocks, we will evaluate 2017 catches against these final ACLs when data become available in mid-2018. The proposed ACLs and AMs support the long-term sustainability of fishery resources of the U.S. Pacific Islands. 
DATES : The final specifications are 
effective January 10, 2018. The final specifications are applicable from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 
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