G/SPS/GEN/1333  
 
12 June 2014  
(14-3415)  Page: 1/8  
Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures    
 
ANNUAL REPORT ON THE IMPL EMENTATION OF ARTICLE 6 
OF THE AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY  
AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 
NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT1 
Article 6 of the SPS Agreement requires that measures take into account pest- or disease-free 
areas or areas of low pest or disease prevalence. This concept is frequently referred to as 
"regionalization". At the 2-3 April 2008 meeting, the Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary 
Measures adopted guidelines to further the practical implementation of Article 6.2 These guidelines 
are intended to provide assistance to Members in  the implementation of Article 6 by improving 
transparency, exchange of information, predictability, confidence and credibility between importing 
and exporting Members. 
The guidelines require the Secretariat to prepare an annual report to the Committee on 
implementation of Article 6 based on the in formation provided by Members concerning: 
a. requests for recognition of pest- or disease-free areas or areas of low pest or disease 
prevalence; 
b. determinations on whether to recognize a pest- or disease-free area or area of low pest 
or disease prevalence; and/or 
c. Members' experiences in the implementation of Article 6 and the provision of relevant 
background information by Members on their decisions to other interested Members. 
This report, which covers the period from 1 June 2013 until 31 March 2014, is based on 
information provided by Members through notifica tions and from information presented during SPS 
Committee meetings. This information was frequently  provided under the agenda item "Pest- and 
or Disease-Free Areas - Article 6". Relevant information provided under other agenda items is also 
included in the report. 
1  REQUESTS FOR RECOGNITION OF PEST- OR DISEASE-FREE AREAS OR AREAS OF LOW 
PEST OR DISEASE PREVALENCE 
1.1  June 2013 meeting (G/SPS/R/71) 
1.1.  Australia reported that the H7N7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus had been 
found in November 2012 in one free-range poultry enterprise producing eggs. The OIE had been notified of the occurrence of the virus and Au stralia had provided regular updates on the 
development of the incident. By 20 December 20 12, stamping-out operations (including humane 
destruction, disposal, cleansing and disinfection) had been completed and reported to the OIE. No further occurrences of the virus had been reported and Australia had on 20 March 2013 again 
met the requirements of the OIE to be recognised as a country free from HPAI. Australia thanked 
those trading partners that did not apply additional measures or that adopted measures that produced minimal trade disruption. Australia requ ested those Members that were still applying 
restrictive trade measures in response to this incident to remove these measures and recognise 
Australia as a country free from HPAI. 
                                               
1 This document has been prepared under the Secret ariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice 
to the positions of Members or to their rights or obligations under the WTO. 
2 G/SPS/48. G/SPS/GEN/1333 
 
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  1.2  October 2013 meeting (G/SPS/R/73) 
1.2.  Costa Rica recalled that in May 1999, the OIE had established a procedure for annually 
categorizing member countries according to thei r bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) risk 
based on the provisions of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. In May 2012, the OIE had updated 
the procedure for member countries to follow to achieve official recognition and maintenance of 
status for certain animal diseases. Costa Rica had followed the procedures established by the OIE in order to achieve official recognition with respect to BSE. 
1.3.  During the 81
st General Session of the OIE in May 2013, the Assembly had recognized Costa 
Rica as having a controlled BSE risk in accord ance with Chapter 11.5 of the Terrestrial Code. 
In order to benefit from hard-won achievement by  the public and private sector, it was important 
that this status be recognized, and for this reason, Costa Rica requested that Members implement 
Article 6 of the SPS Agreement and the guidelines in G/SPS/48. 
1.3  March 2014 meeting (G/SPS/R/74) 1.4.  In October 2013, Australia had advised the OIE and trading partners of the finding of an 
H7N2 HPAI virus in layer hens. Immediate surveillance and tracing had led to the detection of a 
second infected premise, which was also reported to the OIE. Since then, Australia had provided regular updates on developments on this incident to the OIE, in accordance with OIE 
requirements. Australia reported to the OIE in November 2013 that stamping out operations - 
including humane destruction, disposal, cleansing and disinfection - had been completed on both 
infected premises. Following surveillance for residual infection and absence of further reports of highly pathogenic avian influenza, there had been no further occurrences of the disease in 
domestic poultry. Australia thus again met OIE re quirements of freedom from highly pathogenic 
avian influenza. 
1.5.  Australia thanked trading partners who had either not applied additional measures or had 
applied only measures that caused minimal disruption to trade of avian products, and those who 
had lifted measures put in place in response to this incident. Australia requested those trading partners who continued to apply trade restrictive measures on the importation of Australian birds 
and avian products in response to this incident to remove such measures and to again recognise 
Australia as a country free from highly pathogenic avian influenza. 
1.6.  South Africa reported that the outbreak  of foot-and-mouth (FMD) in its free zone in 
February 2011 had resulted in the suspension of its FMD free zone status and in a number of trade 
restrictions by Members on cloven hoofed anim als and products from South Africa. Following 
intensive efforts to eradicate FMD from the free zone and ensure the necessary monitoring and 
control measures, the OIE officially reinstated this zone as an "FMD free zone where vaccination is 
not practised" with effect from 14 February 2014. South Africa urged all trading partners to 
immediately remove any restrictions imposed following the February 2011 outbreak so as to allow trade of cloven hoofed animals and products orig inating from the recognized free zone into their 
markets. 
2  DETERMINATION ON WHETHER TO RECOGNIZE A PEST- OR DISEASE-FREE AREA OR 
AREA OF LOW PEST OR DISEASE PREVALENCE 
2.1  June 2013 meeting (G/SPS/R/71) 
2.1.  OIE tabled a document describing the OIE BSE risk assessment process that had been in 
place since 2004 (G/SPS/GEN/1256). OIE also indicated that the latest results of the official disease status recognition of OIE members were available for FMD, BSE, contagious bovine 
pleuropneumonia and, for the first time, also for African Horse sickness. This information could be 
found in G/SPS/GEN/1255. 
2.2  October 2013 meeting (G/SPS/R/73) 
2.2.  A US-funded project to enhance the expo rt competitiveness of Philippine mangoes was 
conducted from 2006 to 2009. One of the components  of the project was the conduct of detection 
surveys which confirmed the absence of Mango Pulp Weevil (MPW) in the Philippines, except G/SPS/GEN/1333 
 
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  Palawan, and the absence of Mango Seed Weevil (MSW) in the whole Philippines. Monitoring 
surveys for these two pests were continuously conducted. In February  2013, USDA-APHIS had 
informed the Bureau of Plant Industry that th e request for Area Freedom Certification for MPW 
(except Palawan) and MSW for the whole Philippines would be processed using the streamlined 
system for rule making. Once the United States issued the final rule, mangoes for export to the 
United States could be sourced from all the Philippines except Palawan.  
2.3.  The Philippines noted that two AUSAID-ACIA R funded projects dealing with the MPW and 
MSW had been conducted from February 2006 to February 2007 and from March 2007 to 
February 2008. The detection surveys under these two projects had confirmed the absence of the 
two pests in Davao del Sur, Saranggani and Samal Island in Mindanao. Quarantine checkpoints had been established in the entry and exit points  of these areas to maintain area freedom from 
these pests and continuous low monitoring surveys were conducted. Both Davao del Sur and 
Samal Island had been recognized by Australian DAFF as areas free from MPW and MSW in December 2011, and had commenced commercial export of mangoes to Australia in June 2013. 
Guimaras Island was already established as a source of mangoes for export to Australia. The 
Philippines was negotiating with Australia to recognize the whole of Philippines, except for Palawan, as MPW and MSW free. 
2.4.  Chile reported that it had recently recognized some municipalities of Brazil as areas free from 
South American fruit fly, and had also recognized the Patagonia region of Argentina as an area free from South American fruit fly. 
2.5.  Indonesia noted that it had finished a comprehensive evaluation and assessment of the fruit 
fly Ceratitis capitata  in Sargodha District of the Punjab pr ovince, Pakistan, and that the territory 
had been declared pest free in kinnow citrus, und er Ministerial Decree No. 27-21 of 2013. Pakistan 
highlighted that this recognition by Indonesi a would further strengthen the excellent trade 
relations between the two countries. 
3  MEMBERS' EXPERIENCES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 6 3.1  June 2013 meeting (G/SPS/R/71) 
3.1.  Argentina indicated that in May 2013, the OIE had recognised the province of San Juan as 
free from FMD without vaccination (Resolution No.17 of the 81
st OIE General Session). The other 
three FMD-free areas of Argentina were: a) Centro Norte, FMD-free with vaccination; b) Cordón Fronterizo, FMD-free with vaccination; and c) Patagonia Argentina, FMD-free without vaccination. 
Argentina would soon provide detailed information on all four FMD-free areas. Furthermore, the 
OIE had recognised Argentina as a country free from African horse sickness (Resolution No. 21 of the 81
st OIE General Session). 
3.2  October 2013 meeting (G/SPS/R/73) 
3.2.  Mexico informed Members of the various communications that had been circulated. These 
included the declaration of a municipality in Michoacán as an area free from the large avocado 
seed weevil ( Heilipus lauri ), the small avocado seed weevil ( Conotrachelus aguacatae  and 
C. persea ) and the avocado seed moth ( Stenoma catenifer ), following the introduction of 
phytosanitary measures to determine the absence of these pests based on phytosanitary status assessments. Various municipalities in the State of Aguascalientes were declared as areas free 
from fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha  of quarantine significance, as the absence of this pest had 
been determined based on phytosanitary status  assessments. A number of communities of the 
State of Michoacán had been determined to be areas with a low prevalence of fruit flies of the 
genus Anastrepha  of quarantine significance. 
3.3.  Paraguay reported that, pursuant to Article 6 of the SPS Agreement, and in connection with 
the framework for declaration of a phytosanitary emergency, citrus greening disease (HLB), 
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus , had been declared a quarantine pest subject to official control 
throughout the national territory in accordance with ISPM No. 8 "Determination of Pest Status in an Area" and ISPM No. 5 "Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms". The phytosanitary emergency had been notified in document G/SPS/N/PRY/24. Details of the phytosanitary measures introduced to 
contain the spread of the pest were available at: http://www.senave.gov.py/hlb.html . G/SPS/GEN/1333 
 
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  3.4.  Peru reported that there had been no case s of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in its territory 
since July 2004. In 1998, Peru's National Agrarian Health Service (SENASA) had initiated the eradication process by launching the National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Programme (PRONAFA) under a project financed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). An emergency health 
plan had been formulated and border conventi ons in northern and southern Peru had been 
strengthened. In order to carry out the programme, the country was divided into three zones, and each zone had been set targets to permit recognition by the OIE. In May 2005, the OIE had 
granted FMD-free without vaccination status to ten regions in Peru. In May 2007, the OIE had 
granted FMD-free without vaccination status to a further seven regions in the country, which meant that 88.4% of the national territory was internationally recognized as FMD-free without vaccination. In May 2013, the OIE had granted FMD-free without vaccination status to another 
six regions and FMD-free with vaccination status to three regions. Therefore, all of Peru was now 
recognized as FMD-free, 98.4% without vaccination and 1.6% as with vaccination. 
3.5.  Guatemala reported that, in the context of its obligations under Article 6 of the 
SPS Agreement, two Ministerial decisions had been enacted declaring several municipalities free of 
Mediterranean fruit fly ( Ceratitis capitata  Wied.) and other fruit flies of the genera 
Anastrepha  spp., Dacus  spp. and Bactrocera  spp. Activities to eradicate these pests had started 
three decades ago to enable Guatemala to develop fruit for export markets, especially papaya. In 
order to maintain freedom, Guatemala had established regulations and procedures for various sites and locations which were either free from or had a low prevalence of Mediterranean fruit flies. 
In this manner, regulations were established to ensure internal quarantine to contain the 
movement of the Mediterranean fly host fruits and the monitoring of trade of food within 
Guatemalan territory. In 2011, Guatemala had succeeded  in declaring a fruit fly free region, in line 
with the international standards, which was signific ant in the production of various types of fruits. 
Similarly, activities had been developed in the ce ntre of the country, where an area free from the 
fruit fly had also been declared. Guatemala was working towards creating another fly free area in the south coast. Guatemala underscored the efforts taken by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock 
and Food and the commitment by Guatemala to improve its phytosanitary system. 
3.6.  Chile declared its whole territory free from ovine and goat scrapie (Scrapie o Prurigo lumbar) 
pursuant to resolution No. 4321/2013 of the Agriculture and Livestock Service. Chile had been evaluating the country's disease status for severa l years, and during this time, no outbreaks had 
been established. 
3.3  March 2014 meeting (G/SPS/R/74) 3.7.  The European Union announced the detection of African swine fever (ASF) in two of its 
member States, Lithuania and Poland. Stringent measures had been immediately taken by the 
affected members States in accordance with international standards. These precautionary measures would be in place for a number of years to avoid the spread of ASF from the East. 
Furthermore, the European Union was providing technical assistance to its neighbouring countries, 
which had been unable to control the spread of ASF. The European Union urged its trading partners not to take more trade restrictive measur es than necessary in light of the principle of 
regionalization. 
3.8.  Honduras reported that the Finca Santa Rosa  in the municipality of Nacaome, department of 
Valle, was a pest free area for Ceratitis Capitata  Wied., in accordance with Section 3.3 of ISPM 
No. 10 (Requirements for the Establishment of Pest Free Places of Production and Pest Free 
Production Sites). 
3.9.  Paraguay indicated that they had recovered their OIE FMD-free with vaccination status as of 
1 November 2013. Paraguay thanked the veterinary  services of all members of the Standing 
Veterinary Committee and the Pan American FMD Centre for the collaboration they provided 
throughout the process. 
3.10.  Paraguay also noted that the "Better trai ning for safer food" initiative, funded by the 
European Union (DG SANCO) had organized a workshop on FMD in Paraguay, 18-21 March. 
Paraguay thanked the European Union for its support to veterinary services in the region. This 
support undoubtedly contributed towards the object ives of improving the technical capacity of 
staff, guaranteeing the safety of products and improving development prospects. G/SPS/GEN/1333 
 
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  3.11.  Guatemala recalled that Senegal had requested further information regarding the areas 
declared free of Mediterranean fruit fly by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food (G/SPS/GEN/1326). These areas met the FAO definition of a pest-free zone, as demonstrated through a surveillance system using trapping and sampling carried out through the MOSCAMED 
programme. This status was maintained by the application of phytosanitary measures in line with 
international standards NAPPO and IPPC. Guatemala had implemented an integrated management system for pest control using the latest technology, and the principal component was the sterile fly 
technique (TIE) applied "area-wide". 
3.12.  Ecuador reported on its progress towards recognition as an FMD-free country. Since 
August 2011, the Livestock Ministry and sanitary authorities, alongside the private livestock sector, had undertaken a project to eradicate FMD. In this  context, Ecuador had been able to confirm the 
absence of FMD for 33 months. The carrying out bi-yearly campaigns enabled Ecuador to enhance 
monitoring and implement a notification system, linked with the progressive control of beef t h r o u g h  e l e c t r o n i c  f o l l o w - u p s .  A s  a  r e s u l t  o f  t h i s  w o r k  c a r r i e d  a n d  o f  t h e  c o n f i d e n c e  o f  t h e  
international community in the sanitary services of Ecuador, the OIE had officially recognized 
Ecuador's FMD official control programme. This was an important basis for the recognition and declaration of Ecuador as an FMD-free country with vaccination, expected for 2015. 
3.13.  Indonesia provided information on its National Plant Protection Organization. The 
Indonesian Agriculture Quarantine Agency had been facilitating access for Members' consignments into Indonesia. Pest quarantine protection measures were listed in the Ministerial Decree of Agriculture No. 93 2011. Based on this list, Indonesia applied quarantine measures at pre-border, 
border, and post-border stages. During the period of 2013-2014, the Indonesian Minister of 
Agriculture had endorsed requests of recognitio n of pest-free areas from several Members. In 
order to obtain recognition of pest- or disease-free areas, Members should submit completed 
technical data to facilitate the conduct of a pest risk analysis by an Indonesian expert team. 
4  NOTIFICATIONS RELATED TO ARTICLE 6 4.1.  From June 2013 through March 2014, 80 notifications (34 regular and 46 emergency) related 
to Article 6. Fifteen of those notifications (both regular and emergency) indicated that the notified 
measure was trade facilitating; these notifications mainly inform of measures that will simplify the requirements for the import of products originating from certain regions, as well as the recognition of pest-free or disease-free areas. 
Table 4.1: Trade Facilitating Notifications Related to Article 6 
Document symbol Notifying Member Description of content 
G/SPS/N/AUS/326  Australia DAFF has issued a draft policy review of the risk 
management of avian paramyxovirus 2 and 3 in 
hatching (fertile) eggs of domestic chickens and turkeys for a 60-day consultation period. 
The review was initiated in response to the interest 
from stakeholders in updating the conditions under which hatching (fertile) eggs of domestic chickens and turkeys can be imported into Australia. 
G/SPS/N/AUS/327  Australia These documents include a review of available 
scientific information on hantavirus in mouse 
embryos which concludes that the risk mitigation 
measures required for hantavirus in mouse 
embryos are no longer necessary. Amended 
biosecurity measures are detailed in the second 
document. 
G/SPS/N/JPN/317  Japan The animal health requirements for pig meat etc. to 
be exported to Japan from the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil are set to allow the export of pig 
meat etc. from the State of Santa Catarina to Japan 
since the State of Santa Catarina is recognised as a free zone of foot-and-mouth disease, Classical 
swine fever and African swine fever. G/SPS/GEN/1333 
 
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  Document symbol Notifying Member Description of content 
G/SPS/N/JPN/331  Japan The "animal health requirements for meat and 
viscera derived from pigs, and for sausages, ham 
and bacon made from the said meat and viscera as 
raw materials, to be exported to Japan from 
Portugal" are set to allow the export of pig meat 
etc. from Portugal to Japan since Portugal is 
recognised as a free country of foot-and- mouth 
disease, Classical swine fever and African swine 
fever. 
G/SPS/N/MEX/243  Mexico The phytosanitary requirements for the importation 
into Mexico of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris  L.) seeds 
originating in New Zealand and coming from the Netherlands, established on the basis of a pest 
risk analysis or a risk assessment, have been 
submitted to public comment. A phytosanitary certificate issued by the Dutch 
plant health authority is required and must state 
that the seeds originate in New Zealand and are free from the following: Cercospora beticola , 
Peronospora farinose  f.sp. betae , Pleospora betae , 
Colletotrichum circinans , Uromyces beticola , 
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens  pv. betae , 
Pseudomonas syringae  pv. aptata , Radish yellow 
edge virus , Bromus sterilis , Cuscuta europaea , 
Euphorbia helioscopia , Fumaria officinalis , 
Hibiscus trionum , Polygonum persicaria  and 
Asphodelus tenuifolius . 
G/SPS/N/MEX/244  Mexico The phytosanitary requirements for the importation 
into Mexico of onion seeds ( Allium cepa L.) 
originating in Italy and coming from the 
Netherlands, established following the pest risk 
analysis or a risk assessment, have been submitted 
for comment. 
The phytosanitary authority of the Netherlands is to 
issue a phytosanitary certificate stating that the 
onion seeds originate in Italy and that they have 
undergone inspection and been found free of 
Botrytis aclada , Colletotrichum circinans , Fusarium 
oxysporum  f. sp. Cepae , Pleospora herbarum , 
Puccinia allii , Stemphylium vesicarium , Abutilon 
theophrasti , Cuscuta europea , Fumaria officinalis  
and Polygonum convolvulus . 
G/SPS/N/MEX/246  Mexico The phytosanitary requirements governing the 
importation into Mexico of botanical seeds of barley 
(Hordeum vulgare  L.) originating in and coming 
from France, established on the basis of a pest risk 
analysis, have been submitted to public comment. 
G/SPS/N/MEX/248  Mexico The phytosanitary requirements governing the 
importation into Mexico of botanical seeds of barley 
(Hordeum vulgare  L.) originating in and coming 
from the State of Colorado, United States, 
established on the basis of a pest risk analysis, 
have been submitted to public comment. 
Furthermore, botanical seeds of barley ( Hordeum 
vulgare  L.) are required to be certified as free from 
Cynaeus angustus , Xanthomonas translucens , 
Cephalosporium gramineum , Phaeosphaeria 
nodorum , Pyrenophora teres  f. sp. maculata , Tilletia 
controversa , Ustilagonuda , Cirsium arvense , 
Fumaria officinalis  L., Hibiscus trionum  L., Lolium 
temulentum  L., Polygonum convolvulus  L., Salsola G/SPS/GEN/1333 
 
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  Document symbol Notifying Member Description of content 
collina , Sinapsis arvensis  L., Solanum ptycanthum  
and Sonchus arvensis  L., on the basis of the results 
of a laboratory diagnosis. 
G/SPS/N/MEX/254  Mexico The phytosanitary requirements governing the 
importation into Mexico of onion ( Allium cepa  L.) 
seeds originating in Spain and coming from the 
Netherlands, established on the basis of a pest risk 
analysis, have been submitted to public comment. Onion ( Allium cepa  L.) seeds are required to be 
certified as free from Botrytis aclada , 
Colletotrichum circinans , Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp. 
cepae , Peronospora destructor , Puccinia allii  and 
Stemphylium vesicarium  on the basis of the results 
of a laboratory diagnosis. 
G/SPS/N/PHL/226  Philippines The Philippines is lifting the ban on the importation 
of domestic and wild birds and their products 
including poultry meat, day-old chicks, eggs, and 
semen originating from New South Wales, 
Australia. 
G/SPS/N/PHL/235  Philippines This circular governs the importation of fresh 
paprika from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 
G/SPS/N/ARE/23  United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates lifted the ban on the 
importation of domestic and wild birds and their 
products including poultry meat, day-old chicks and 
eggs originating from Bulgaria. 
G/SPS/N/ARE/24  United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates is applying a ban on the 
importation of domestic and wild birds and their 
products including poultry meat, day-old chicks and eggs originating from Italy. 
G/SPS/N/USA/2617  United States APHIS is proposing to amend the regulations 
governing the importation of certain animals, meat, 
and other animal products by allowing, under 
certain conditions, the importation of fresh (chilled 
or frozen) beef from a region in Brazil (the States of 
Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espirito Santo, Goias, Mato 
Grosso, Mato Grossodo Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, 
Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondonia, Sao 
Paulo, Sergipe, and Tocantins). Fresh (chilled or 
frozen) beef can be safely imported from those 
Brazilian States provided certain conditions are 
met. 
G/SPS/N/USA/2622  United States APHIS is advising the public that a region of 
Argentina, consisting of the areas of Patagonia 
South and Patagonia North B, is free of foot-and-
mouth disease. APHIS is making that determination, as well as an evaluation we have 
prepared in connection with this action, available 
for review and comment. In addition, we have prepared an evaluation assessing the rinderpest status of South America, which includes Argentina, 
and have determined, based on our evaluation, that 
rinderpest is not present in the entirety of Argentina. We are also making that determination, 
as well as our evaluation, available for review and 
comment. 
 G/SPS/GEN/1333 
 
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  5  SPECIFIC TRADE CONCERNS AND REGIONALIZATION 
5.1.  Specific trade concerns (STCs) can be raised due to issues pertaining to regionalization. From 
June 2013 through March 2014, no new STCs that  related to regionalization were raised. 
5.2.  For the same period, one previously raised STC that related to regionalization (332) was 
brought again to the attention of the Committee. 
5.3.  In addition, panel proceedings in the co ntext of the WTO dispute settlement resolution 
procedures continued with respect to one previo usly raised STC (US failure to recognize South 
Patagonia as FMD-free and to Import Beef from North of the 42nd Parallel (STC 318 raised by 
Argentina, June 2011)). 
Table 5.1: Previously Raised STC's Relate d to Regionalization (June 2013 – March 2014) 
 
STC No Title Member raising 
the concern Member 
maintaining 
the measure Date first 
raised 
332 Restrictions related to FMD Argentina Japan 10/07/2012 
 
 
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