IP/N/1/JPN/T/5  
 
24 June 2013  
(13-3267)  Page: 1/48  
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights  Original: English/anglais/inglés  
 
 MAIN DEDICATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS AND REGULATIONS 
NOTIFIED UNDER ARTICLE 63.2 OF THE AGREEMENT 
JAPAN 
The present document reproduces the updated text1 of the Trademark Act (Act No. 127 of 
13 April 1959, as amended up to the revisions of Act No. 63 of 2011), which entered into force on 
1 April 2012, as notified by Japan on 10 April 2013 under Article 63.2 of the Agreement (see document IP/N/1/JPN/12). 
 
 
Conseil des aspects des droits de propriété 
intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce 
 
PRINCIPALES LOIS ET RÉGLEMENTATIONS CONSACRÉES À 
LA PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE NOTIFIÉES AU TITRE 
DE L'ARTICLE 63:2 DE L'ACCORD 
JAPON 
Le présent document contient le texte actualisé1 de la Loi sur les marques (Loi n° 127 du 
13 avril 1959, modifiée en dernier lieu par la Lo i n° 63 de 2011), qui est entrée en vigueur le 
1er avril 2012, et a été notifiée par le Japon le 10 avril 2013 au titre de l'article 63:2 de l'Accord 
(voir le document IP/N/1/JPN/12). 
 
 
Consejo de los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad 
Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio 
PRINCIPALES LEYES Y REGLAMENTOS DEDICADOS A LA 
PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL NOTIFICADOS EN VIRTUD 
DEL PÁRRAFO 2 DEL ARTÍCULO 63 DEL ACUERDO 
JAPÓN 
En el presente documento se reproduce el texto actualizado1 de la Ley de Marcas de Fábrica o de 
Comercio (Ley N° 127, de 13 de abril de 1959, modificada la última vez por la Ley N° 63 de 2011), 
que entró en vigor el 1° de abril de 2012 y fue notificado por el Japón el 10 de abril de 2013 en 
virtud de lo dispuesto en el párrafo 2 del artículo 63 del Acuerdo (véase el documento IP/N/1/JPN/12).
                                               
1 In English only. The text in the original language is available for consultation by interested Delegations 
at the WTO Secretariat./En anglais seulement. Les délégations intéressées peuvent consulter le texte dans sa 
langue d'origine, au Secrétariat de l'OMC./En inglés so lamente. Las delegaciones in teresadas podrán consultar 
en la Secretaría de la OMC el texto en su idioma original. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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 Trademark Act (Act No. 127 of April 13, 1959) 
 
Table of Contents 
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS (ARTICLES 1 AND 2) 
CHAPTER II TRADEMARK REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF 
TRADEMARK (ARTICLES 3 TO 13-2) 
CHAPTER III EXAMINATION (ARTICLES 14 TO 17-2) 
CHAPTER IV TRADEMARK RIGHT 
Section 1 Trademark Right (Articles 18 to 35) Section 2 Infringement of Right (Articles 36 to 39) 
Section 3 Registration F ees (Articles 40 to 43) 
CHAPTER IV-2 OPPOSITION TO REGIST RATION (ARTICLES 43-2 TO 43-15) 
CHAPTER V APPEAL AND TRIAL (ARTICLES 44 TO 56-2) CHAPTER VI RETRIAL AND LITIGA TION (ARTICLES 57 TO 63-2) 
CHAPTER VII DEFENSIVE MARK (ARTICLES 64 TO 68) 
CHAPTER VII-2 SPECIAL PROVISIONS UN DER THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE 
MADRID AGREEMENT 
Section 1 Application for International Registration (Articles 68-2 to 68-8) 
Section 2 Special Provisions Pertaining to  International Applications for Trademark 
Registration (Articles 68-9 to 68-31) 
Section 3 Special Provisions Concerning Applications for Trademark Registration, etc. 
(Articles 68-32 to 68-39) 
CHAPTER VIII MISCELLANEOUS PROVIS IONS (ARTICLES 68-40 TO 77-2) 
CHAPTER IX PENAL PROVISIO NS (ARTICLES 78 TO 85) 
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS 
  この商標法の翻訳は、平成二十三年法律第六十三号までの改正（平成２４年４月１日施行）について作
成したものです。 
この法令の翻訳は公定訳ではありません。法的効力を有するのは日本語の法令自体であり、翻訳はあく
までその理解を助けるための参考資料です。この翻訳の利用に伴って発生した問題について、一切の責任
を負いかねますので、法律上の問題に関しては、官報に掲載された日本語の法令を参照してください。 
 
  This English translation of the Trademark Act has been prepared (up to the revisions of Act 
No. 63 of 2011 (Effective April 1, 2012 )). 
  This is an unofficial translation. Only the original Japanese texts of laws and regulations 
have legal effect, and the translations are to be used solely as reference material to aid in 
the understanding of Japanese laws and regulations.  
  The Government of Japan shall not be responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the legislative material provided in this Website, or for any consequence resulting from use of the information in this Website. For all purposes of interpreting and applying law to 
any legal issue or dispute, users should consult the original Japanese texts published in the 
Official Gazette. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS 
 
 (Purpose) 
Article 1  
The purpose of this Act is, through the protection of trademarks, to ensure the maintenance of 
business confidence of persons who use trademarks and thereby to contribute to the development of the industry and to protect the interests of consumers. 
 
 (Definitions, etc.) 
Article 2  (1) "Trademark" in this Act means any character(s), figure(s), sign(s) or three-dimensional 
shape(s), or any combination thereof, or any combination thereof with colors (hereinafter 
referred to as a "mark") which is:  (i) used in connection with the goods of a person who produces, certifies or assigns the goods 
as a business; or 
 (ii) used in connection with the services of a person who provides or certifies the services as a 
business (except those provided for in the preceding item). 
 (2) "Services" set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph shall include retail services and 
wholesale services, namely, the provision of benefits for customers conducted in the course of retail and wholesale business. 
 (3) "Use" with respect to a mark as used in this Act means any of the following acts: 
 (i) to affix a mark to goods or packages of goods; 
 (ii) to assign, deliver, display for the purpose of assignment or delivery, export, importor 
provide through an electric telecommunication line, goods or packages of goods to which a 
mark is affixed; 
 (iii) in the course of the provision of services, to affix a mark to articles to be used by a person 
who receives the said services (including articles to be assigned or loaned; the same shall 
apply hereinafter); 
 (iv) in the course of the provision of services, to provide the said services by using articles to 
which a mark is affixed and which are to be used by a person who receives the said services; 
 (v) for the purpose of providing services, to disp lay articles to be used for the provision of the 
services (including articles to be used by a person who receives the services in the course of 
the provision of services; the same shall apply hereinafter) to which a mark is affixed; 
 (vi) in the course of the provision of services, to affix a mark to articles pertaining to the 
provision of the said services belonging to a person who receives the services; 
 (vii) in the course of the provision of services through an image viewer, by using an 
electromagnetic device (an electromagnetic device shall refer to any electronic, magnetic or 
other method that is not recognizable by human perception; the same shall apply in the 
following item), to provide the said services by displaying a mark on the image viewer; or 
 (viii) to display or distribute advertisement materials, price lists or transaction documents 
relating to goods or services to which a mark is affixed, or to provide information on such 
content, to which a mark is affi xed by an electromagnetic device. 
 (4) To affix a mark to goods or other articles provided for in the preceding paragraph shall include 
to form in the shape of the mark goods, packages of goods, articles to be used for the provision 
of services, or advertisement materi als relating to goods or services. 
 (5) "Registered trademark" in this Act mean s a trademark that has been registered as a 
trademark. 
 (6) In this Act, the scope of those similar to goods may include services, and the scope of those 
similar to services may include goods. 
 
CHAPTER II TRADEMARK REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION FOR TRADEMARK 
REGISTRATION 
 
 (Requirements for trademark registration) 
Article 3 
 (1) Any trademark to be used in connection with goods or services pertaining to the business of 
an applicant may be registered, unless the trademark: 
 (i) consists solely of a mark indicating, in a common manner, the common name of the goods 
or services; 
 (ii) is customarily used in connection with the goods or services;  (iii) consists solely of a mark indicating, in a common manner, in the case of goods, the place 
of origin, place of sale, quality, raw materials, efficacy, intended purpose, quantity, shape IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  (including shape of packages), price, the method or time of production or use, or, in the case 
of services, the location of provision, quality, articles to be used in such provision, efficacy, intended purpose, quantity, modes, price or method or time of provision; 
 (iv) consists solely of a mark indicating, in a common manner, a common surname or name of 
a juridical person; 
 (v) consists solely of a very simple and common mark; or  (vi) is in addition to those listed in each  of the preceding items, a trademark by which 
consumers are not able to recognize the goods or services as those pertaining to a business 
of a particular person. 
 (2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a trad emark that falls under any of items (iii) to (v) 
of the preceding paragraph may be registered if, as a result of the use of the trademark, 
consumers are able to recognize the goods or services as those pertaining to a business of a 
particular person. 
 
 (Unregistrable  trademarks) 
Article 4  (1) Notwithstanding the preceding Article, no trademark shall be registered if the trademark: 
 (i) is identical with, or similar to, the national flag, the imperial chrysanthemum crest, a 
decoration, a medal or a foreign national flag; 
 (ii) is identical with, or similar to, the coats of arms or any other State emblems (except 
national flags of any country of the Union to the Paris Convention, member of the World Trade 
Organization or Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty) of a country of the Union to 
the Paris Convention (refers to the Paris Conventi on for the Protection of Industrial Property 
of March 20, 1883, as revised at Brussels on December 14, 1900, at Washington on June 2, 
1911, at the Hague on November 6, 1925, at London on June 2, 1934, at Lisbon on October 
31, 1958 and at Stockholm on July 14, 1967; the same shall apply hereinafter), a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty designated 
by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry; 
 (iii) is identical with, or similar to, a mark indicating the United Nations or any other 
international organization which has been designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry; 
 (iv) is identical with, or similar to, the emblem s or titles in Article 1 of the Act Concerning 
Restriction on the Use of Emblems and Titles of the Red Cross and Others (Act No.159 of 
1947) or the distinctive emblem in Article 158(1) of the Act Concerning Measures to Protect 
Japanese Citizens During Armed Attacks and Others (Act No.112 of 2004); 
 (v) is comprised of a mark identical with, or similar to, an official hallmark or sign indicating 
control or warranty by the national or a local government of Japan, a country of the Union to 
the Paris Convention, a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the 
Trademark Law Treaty which has been designat ed by the Minister of Economy, Trade and 
Industry, if such a trademark is used in connection with goods or services identical with, or similar to, the goods or services in connection with which the hallmark or sign is used; 
 (vi) is identical with, or similar to, a famous mark indicating the State, a local government, an 
agency thereof, a non-profit organization undertaking a business for public interest, or a non-profit enterprise undertaking a business for public interest; 
 (vii) is likely to cause damage to public policy; 
 (viii) contains the portrait of another person, or the name, famous pseudonym, professional 
name or pen name of another person, or famous abbreviation thereof (except those the 
registration of which has been approved by the person concerned); 
 (ix) is comprised of a mark identical with, or similar to, a prize awarded at an exhibition held by 
the national or a local government (hereinafter referred to as the "Government, etc.") or by 
those who are not the Government, etc. that conforms to the standards specified by the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office, or at an international exhibition held in a foreign country 
by the Government, etc. of the foreign country or those authorized thereby (except those used by the recipient of such a prize as part of his/her own trademark); 
 (x) is identical with, or similar to, another person's trademark which is well known among 
consumers as that indicating goods or services in connection with the person's business, if such a trademark is used in connection with such goods or services or goods or services 
similar thereto; 
 (xi) is identical with, or similar to, another person's registered trademark which has been filed 
prior to the filing date of an application for registration of the said trademark, if such a trademark is used in connection with the designated goods or designated services relating to 
the said registered trademark(referring to goods or services designated in accordance with IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  Article 6(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(1)); 
the same shall apply hereinafter), or goods or services similar thereto; 
 (xii) is identical with a registered defensive mark of another person (referring to a mark 
registered as a defensive mark; the same shall ap ply hereinafter), if such a trademark is used 
in connection with designated goods or designated services relating to the defensive mark; 
 (xiii) deleted  (xiv) is identical with, or similar to, the name of a variety registered in accordance with Article 
18(1) of the Plant Variety Protection and Seed  Act (Act No. 83 of 1998), if such a trademark 
is used in connection with seeds and seedlings of the variety or goods or services similar thereto; 
 (xv) is likely to cause confusion in connection with the goods or services pertaining to a 
business of another person (except those listed in items (x) to (xiv) inclusive); 
 (xvi) is likely to mislead as to the quality of the goods or services;  (xvii) is comprised of a mark indicating a place of origin of wines or spirits of Japan which has 
been designated by the Commissioner of the Patent Office, or a mark indicating a place of 
origin of wines or spirits of a member of the World Trade Organization which is prohibited by the said member from being used on wines or spirits not originating from the region of the 
said member, if such a trademark is used in connection with wines or spirits not originating 
from the region in Japan or of the said member; 
 (xviii) consists solely of a three-dimensional shape of goods or their packaging which is 
indispensable for such goods or their packaging to properly function; or 
 (xix) is identical with, or similar to, a trademark which is well known among consumers in 
Japan or abroad as that indicating goods or services pertaining to a business of another person, if such trademark is used for unfair purposes (referring to the purpose of gaining 
unfair profits, the purpose of causing damage to the other person, or any other unfair 
purposes, the same shall apply hereinafter) (except those provided for in each of the 
preceding items); 
 (2) Where the State or a local government, an agency thereof, a non-profit organization 
undertaking a business for public interest, or a person undertaking a non-profit activity for public interest files an application for trademark registration falling under item (vi) of the preceding paragraph, the provision of  the said item shall not apply. 
 (3) Items (viii), (x), (xv), (xvii) and (xix) of paragraph (1) shall not apply to a trademark falling 
under any of the said items which does not fall under the said item at the time of filing of an application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Application for trademark registration) 
Article 5 
 (1) Any person who desires to register a trademark shall submit an application to the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office accompanied by the required documents. The application shall state the following matters:  (i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant for trademark registration; 
 (ii) the trademark for which registration is sought; and 
 (iii) the designated goods or designated services  and the class of goods or services provided by 
Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2). 
 (2) Where a person desires to register a trad emark consisting of a three-dimensional shape 
(including those combined with character(s), figure(s), sign(s) or color(s) or any combination thereof) (hereinafter referred to as a "three-dimensional trademark"), the application shall 
contain a statement indicating thereof. 
 (3) Where a person desires to register a trademark consisting solely of characters designated by 
the Commissioner of the Patent Office (hereinafter referred to as "standard characters"), the application shall contain a statement indicating thereof. 
 (4) Where a portion of the trademark for which a registration is sought is in the same color as 
that of the column in which a trademark for which a registration is sought is required to be stated, the said portion of the trademark shall be  deemed not to be a part of the trademark; 
provided, however, that this shall not apply to an area specified and identified as an area to be 
colored in the same color as that of the column. 
 
 (According of filing date, etc.) 
Article 5-2  (1) The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall accord as the filing date of an application for 
trademark registration the date of submission of the application relating thereto, unless the 
application for trademark registration falls under any of the following items: IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (i) the statement of intent to register a trademark is unclear; 
 (ii) the name of the applicant for trademark registration is not stated or the statement thereof 
is not sufficient to identify the applicant; 
 (iii) the trademark for which a registration is sought is not stated in the application; and 
 (iv) the designated goods or designated services are not stated. 
 (2) Where an application for trademark registrati on falls under any of the items of the preceding 
paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall require the person who desires to 
register the trademark registration to supplement the application, designating a reasonable time 
limit for such purpose. 
 (3) Supplement of an application for trademark registration shall be made by submitting a 
document with respect to the supplement (hereinafter referred to as a "Written Supplement"). 
 (4) Where an applicant who was required to supplement an application for trademark registration 
under paragraph (2) supplements the said application within the designated time limit as provided in the said paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall accord the date of 
submission of the Written Supplement as the filing date of the application for trademark 
registration. 
 (5) Where an applicant who has been required  to supplement an application for trademark 
registration under paragraph (2) fails to supplement the said application within the designated 
time limit as provided in the said paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office may dismiss the said application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Single trademark on each application) 
Article 6  (1) An application for trademark registration shall be filed for each trademark and designate one 
or more goods or services in connection with which the trademark is to be used. 
 (2) The designation provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be made in accordance with the 
class of goods and services provided by Cabinet Order. 
 (3) The class of goods and services provided for in the preceding paragraph shall not be perceived 
as prescribing the scope of similarities of goods or services. 
 
 (Collective trademarks) 
Article 7 
 (1) Any incorporated association established pursua nt to Article 34 of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 
1896) or other association (except those which do not have juridical personality, and 
companies), or any other association established pursuant to a special Act including business 
cooperative (except those which do not have juridical personality), or a foreign juridical person equivalent thereto shall be entitled to obtain a collective trademark registration with respect to a 
trademark to be used by their members. 
 (2) For the purpose of the application of Articl e 3(1), in the case of the preceding paragraph, 
"applicant" in the said paragraph shall read "applicant or its members." 
 (3) Any person who desires to register a collective trademark pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, at 
the time of filing of an application for trademark registration pursuant to Article 5(1), submit to 
the Commissioner of the Patent Office a document certifying that the applicant for trademark registration is a juridical person that falls under paragraph (1). 
 
 (Regional collective trademarks) 
Article 7-2 
 (1) Any association established by a special Act, including a business cooperative (those which do 
not have juridical personality are excluded, an d limited to those which are established by a 
special Act providing, without a just cause, that the association shall not refuse the enrollment of any person who is eligible to become a member or that the association shall not impose on 
any of its prospective members any condition that is heavier than those imposed on its existing 
members) or a foreign juridical person equivalent thereto (hereinafter referred to as an "Association, etc.") shall be entitled to obtain a regional collective trademark registration with 
respect of any of the following, provided that the trademark is used by its members and, as a 
result of the use of the said trademark, the said trademark is well known among consumers as 
indicating the goods or services pertaining to  the business of the applicant or its members, 
notwithstanding the provision of Article 3 (excep t a case falling under item (i) or (ii) of 
Article 3(1)):  (i) a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of 
the region and the common name of the goods or  services pertaining to the business of the 
applicant or its members; IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (ii) a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of 
the region and the name customarily used as a name indicating the goods or services pertaining to the business of the applicant or its members; or 
 (iii) a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of 
the region and the common name of the goods or  services pertaining to the business of the 
applicant or its members or the name customarily used as a name indicating thereof, and characters customarily added in indicating, in a common manner, the place of origin of the 
goods or the location of provision of the services. 
 (2) The term "name of the region" as used in the preceding paragraph means, even prior to the 
filing of the said application, the name of the place of origin of the goods, the location of 
provision of services, or the name of the region which is considered to have a close relationship 
with the said goods or services to the equivalent extent, for which the trademark pertaining to 
the said application has been used by the applicant or its members, or abbreviation thereof. 
 (3) For the purpose of the application of Article 3(1)(limited to the part pertaining to items (i) and 
(ii)) in the case of paragraph (1), "applicant" in the said paragraph shall read "applicant or its 
members." 
 (4) Any person who desires to register a regional collective trademark pursuant to paragraph (1) 
shall, at the time of filing of an application for trademark registration pursuant to Article 5(1), 
submit to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a document certifying that the applicant for trademark registration is an Association, et c. and documents necessary to prove that the 
trademark for which the registration is sought contains the name of a region as provided in 
paragraph (2). 
 
 (Prior application) 
Article 8 
 (1) Where two or more applications for trademark registration relating to identical or similar 
trademarks which are to be used in connection with identical or similar goods or services have 
been filed on different dates, only the applicant who filed the application for trademark 
registration on the earlier date shall be entitled to register the trademark in question. 
 (2) Where two or more applications for trademark registration relating to identical or similar 
trademarks which are to be used in connection with identical or similar goods or services have 
been filed on the same date, only one applicant who is to be determined by consultations among 
the applicants who filed such applications shall be entitled to register the trademark in question. 
 (3) Where an application for trademark registration  is abandoned, withdrawn or dismissed, or an 
examiner's decision or a trial decision on an application for trademark registration becomes final 
and binding, such application shall, for the pu rposes of the application of the preceding two 
paragraphs, be deemed never to have been filed. 
 (4) In the case of paragraph (2), the Commiss ioner of the Patent Office shall require the 
applicants for trademark registration to arrange consultations among the applicants as set forth in the said paragraph and to report the result thereof, designating a reasonable time limit for 
such purpose. 
 (5) Where no agreement is reached in the consultations held pursuant to paragraph (2) or no 
report is submitted within the designated time limit set forth in the preceding paragraph, only one applicant, selected by a lottery in a fair and just manner conducted by the Commissioner of 
the Patent Office, shall be entitled to register the trademark in question. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning time of filing of application) 
Article 9 
 (1) Where an application for trademark registration is filed in connection with a trademark used 
for goods or services exhibited at an exhibition held by the Government, etc., an exhibition held 
by those who are not the Government, etc. that  conforms to the standards specified by the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office, an international exhibition held by the Government, etc. of a 
country of the Union to the Paris Convention, a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty or by those authorized thereby to hold such an 
exhibition in its territory, or an international exhibition held by the Government, etc. of a 
country which is not a country of the Union of the Paris Convention, a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty or by those authorized 
thereby to hold such exhibition in its territory that conforms to the standards specified by the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office, by the exhibitor of such goods or services bearing the trademark within six months from the date of exhibition of such goods or services, the said application shall be deemed to have been filed at the time of exhibition of such goods or 
services. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) Any person who desires to apply the prec eding paragraph in connection with a trademark 
relating to an application for trademark registration shall submit to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a document stating thereof at the time of filing of the application for trademark registration, and documents proving the fact that the trademark pertaining to an application for 
trademark registration and its designated goods or  designated services fall under the trademark 
and goods or services provided in the said paragrap h, within thirty days from the filing date of 
an application for the trademark registration. 
 
 (Priority claim governed by the Paris Convention) 
Article 9-2  
A right of priority based on an application for re gistration of a trademark filed in a country of 
the Union to the Paris Convention (limited to a trademark equivalent to a trademark provided in 
Article 2(1)(ii)) may be claimed as governed by the same rules as Article 4 of the Paris Convention in connection with a right of priority based on an application for registration of a 
trademark equivalent to the tradem ark provided in Article 2(1)(i). 
 Article 9-3  
A right of priority based on an application filed by a person stated in the left column of the 
following table in a country stated in the right column of the same table may be claimed in connection with an application for trademark registration as governed by Article 4 of the Paris Convention. 
 
Japanese nationals or nationals of a country of 
the Union to the Paris Convention (including 
those who are deemed to be nationals of a country of the Union as provided by Article 3 of 
the Paris Convention) A member of the World Trade Organization or 
a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty 
Nationals of a member of the World Trade 
Organization (refers to nationals of a member 
provided in paragraph 3 of Article 1 of Annex 1C to the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization) or nationals of a 
Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty A country of the Union to the Paris Convention, 
a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty 
 
 (Amendment of designated g oods, etc. or trademark for which registration is sought 
and change of gist thereof) 
Article 9-4  
Where, after the registration of establishment of a trademark right, any amendment made to 
the designated goods or designated services, or trademark for which registration is sought stated in the application, is found to cause any change of the gist thereof, the application for trademark registration shall be deemed to have been filed at the time of submission of the 
written amendment relating thereto. 
 
 (Division of application for trademark registration) 
Article 10 
 (1) An applicant for trademark registration may file one or more new applications with regard to 
part of an application which designates two or mo re goods or services as its designated goods or 
designated services, provided that the applicat ion for trademark registration is pending in 
examination, trial examination or retrial examination, or that a suit against a trial decision to refuse the application is pending in court. 
 (2) In the case of the preceding paragraph, the new application for trademark registration shall be 
deemed to have been filed at the time of filing of the original application for trademark 
registration; provided, however, that this shall not apply for the purpose of Article 9(2) of this Act and Article 43(1) and 43(2) of the Patent Act (Act No.121 of 1959) as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act (including cases where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 43-2(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act). 
 (3) Where a new application for trademark registration is filed as provided in paragraph (1), 
statements or documents submitted in connection with the original application for trademark registration which are required to be submitted in connection with the new application for trademark registration pursuant to Article 9(2) of this Act or Article 43(1) and 43(2) of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act (including its IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  mutatis mutandis application pursuant to Article 43-2(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act) shall be deemed to have been submitted to the Commissioner of the Patent Office at the time of filing the new application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Conversion of application) 
Article 11 
 (1) An applicant for trademark registration may convert an application for trademark registration 
of a collective trademark into a regular applicatio n for trademark registration (referring to an 
application for trademark registration other than those of collective trademarks and regional collective trademarks; the same shall apply hereinafter) or an application for trademark 
registration of a regional collective trademark. 
 (2) An applicant for trademark registration may convert an application for trademark registration 
of a regionally based collective trademark into a regular application for trademark registration or 
an application for trademark registration of a collective trademark. 
 (3) An applicant for trademark registration may convert a regular application for trademark 
registration into an application for trademark registration of a collective trademark or an 
application for trademark registration of a regionally based collective trademark. 
 (4) The conversion of an application for trademar k registration pursuant to the provisions of the 
preceding three paragraphs may not be made after an examiner's decision or a trial decision on 
the application for trademark registration becomes final and binding. 
 (5) Where the conversion of an application fo r trademark registration is made pursuant to 
paragraphs (1) to (3), the original application for trademark registration shall be deemed to have been withdrawn. 
 (6) The provisions of Articles 10(2) and 10(3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the conversion of 
an application for trademark registration pursuant to paragraphs (1) to (3). 
 
Article 12 
 (1) An applicant for a defensive mark registration may convert such an application into an 
application for trademark registration. 
 (2) The conversion of an application pursuant to the preceding paragraph may not be made after 
an examiner's decision or a trial decision on the application for a defensive mark registration 
becomes final and binding. 
 (3) The provisions of Articles 10(2), 10(3) and 11(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the 
conversion of an application pursuant to paragraph (1). 
 
 (Laying open of application) 
Article 12-2 
 (1) Where an application for trademark registration is filed, the Commissioner of the Patent Office 
shall lay open the trademark application. 
 (2) The laying open of a trademark application shall be effected by stating the following matters in 
the Trademark Gazette; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the matters listed in 
items (iii) and (iv), where the Commissioner of the Patent Office finds that publishing the said matters in the trademark bulletin is likely to cause damage to public policy. 
 (i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant for the trademark registration; 
 (ii) the number and date of the application for trademark registration;  (iii) the trademark stated in the application (in the case provided in Article 5(3), the trademark 
represented in standard characters; the same shall apply in Articles 18(3)(iii) and 27(1)); 
 (iv) the designated goods or designated services; and  (v) other necessary matters in addition to those matters listed in the preceding items. 
 
 (Application mutatis mutandis of provisions of the Patent Act) 
Article 13  (1) The provisions of Paragraphs (1) to (4) of Article 43, 43-2(2) and (3) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to an application for trademark registration. In this case, the term "one 
year and four months from the earliest of the fo llowing dates" in Article 43(2) of the Patent Act 
shall be deemed to be replaced with "three months from the filing date of an application for 
trademark registration"; "or members of the World Trade Organization" in Article 43-2(2) of the 
said Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "members of the World Trade Organization or Contracting Parties to the Trademark Law Treaty"; "or nationals of members of the World Trade Organization" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "nationals of 
members of the World Trade Organization or nati onals of Contracting Parties to the Trademark IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  Law Treaty"; and "preceding two paragraphs" in paragraph (3) of the said Article shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "preceding paragraph." 
 (2) The provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3) of Articles 33 and paragraphs (4) to (7) of Article 34 
(Right to obtain patent) of the Patent Act sha ll apply mutatis mutandis to the rights deriving 
from an application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Right to monetary claim, etc. prior to registration of establishment of trademark 
right) 
Article 13-2  (1) Where an applicant for trademark registration issues a warning after filing an application for 
trademark registration by presenting a document  stating a description of the application, the 
applicant may claim against any person who uses the trademark pertaining to the application, 
for the designated goods or designated services in the application during the period from the 
warning to the registration of establishment of  the trademark right, the payment of money in 
the amount equivalent to the loss incurred in the course of business due to such use. 
 (2) The right to claim under the preceding paragraph may not be exercised prior to the 
registration of establishment of the trademark right. 
 (3) The exercise of the right to claim under para graph (1) shall not preclude the exercise of the 
trademark right. 
 (4) The right to claim under paragraph (1) shall be deemed never to have arisen in any of the 
following cases: where an application for trademark registration is abandoned, withdrawn or 
dismissed; where an examiner's decision or a trial decision to the effect that an application for 
trademark registration is to be refused becomes final and binding; where a ruling to rescind a trademark under Article 43-3(2) becomes final and binding; or where, excluding the cases 
falling under the proviso to Article 46-2(1), a tr ial decision to the effect that a trademark 
registration is to be invalidated becomes final and binding. 
 (5) The provisions of Articles 27 and 37 of this  Act, Articles 104-3(1) and (2), 105, 105-2, 105-4 
to 105-6 and 106 of the Patent Act as applied mu tatis mutandis under Article 39 of this Act, and 
Articles paragraphs (3) to (6) of Article 168 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) of this Act and Articles 719 and 724 (Tort) of the Civil Code (Act No.89 of 1896) 
shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise of the right to claim under paragraph (1). In this 
case, where prior to the registration of the es tablishment of the trademark right, the person 
having the right to claim becomes aware of the fact that the trademark in connection with the application for trademark registration is used, and the identity of the person using the 
trademark, the term "by the victim or his/her legal representative within three years from the 
time when he/she comes to know of the dama ges and the identity of the perpetrator" in 
Article 724 of the said Code shall be deemed to be replaced with "by the person having the right 
to claim within three years from the date of the registration of the establishment of the 
trademark right." 
 
CHAPTER III EXAMINATION 
 
 (Examination by an examiner) 
Article 14  
The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall direct the examination of applications for 
trademark registration by an examiner. 
 
 (Examiner's decision of refusal) 
Article 15  
Where an application for trademark registration  falls under any of the following items, the 
examiner shall render a decision to the effe ct that the application is to be refused: 
 (i) the trademark pertaining to an application for trademark registration is not registrable 
pursuant to the provisions of Articles 3, 4(1), 7-2(1), 8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including the case of its mutatis mutandis application under Article 52-2(2)), 53(2) of this Act or Article 25 of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under 77(3) of this Act; 
 (ii) the trademark pertaining to an application for trademark registration is not registrable 
pursuant to the provisions of a relevant treaty; or 
 (iii) the application for trademark registration does not comply with the requirements provided 
in Article 6(1) or 6(2). 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (Notification of reasons for refusal) 
Article 15-2  
Where the examiner intends to render a decision to the effect that an application is to be 
refused, the examiner shall notify the applican t for trademark registration of the reasons for 
refusal and provide the applicant an opportunity to submit a written opinion, designating a 
reasonable time limit for such purpose. 
 
Article 15-3 
 (1) Where a trademark pertaining to an application for trademark registration is identical with, or 
similar to, another person's trademark pertaining to an application for trademark registration filed prior to the filing date of the said application, if the said trademark is used for goods or 
services identical with, or similar to, the designated goods or designated services pertaining to 
such other person's trademark, the examiner may notify the applicant for trademark registration 
of the fact that the said application for trademar k registration will fall under Article 15(i) when 
the said other person's trademark is registered, and provide the applicant with an opportunity to 
submit a written opinion, designating a reasonable time limit for such purpose. 
 (2) Where the notification set forth in the preceding paragraph has already been served and the 
said other person's trademark is registered, the examiner shall not be required to serve the 
notification set forth in the preceding Article. 
 
 (Examiner's decision of  trademark registration) 
Article 16  
Where no reasons for refusal are found in connection with an application for trademark 
registration within the time limit provided by Cabinet Order, the examiner shall render a decision 
to the effect that the trademark is to be registered. 
 
 (Dismissal of amendment) 
Article 16-2 
 (1) Where an amendment made to the designat ed goods or designated services, or to the 
trademark for which registration is sought as stated in the application, is considered to cause any change of the gist thereof, the examin er shall dismiss the amendment by a ruling. 
 (2) The ruling dismissing an amendment under th e preceding paragraph shall be made in writing 
and state reasons therefor. 
 (3) Where a ruling dismissing an amendment under  paragraph (1) is rendered, the examiner shall 
not render any decision on the said application for trademark registration before the expiration 
of a three month period from the date of  service of a transcript of the ruling. 
 (4) Where an applicant for trademark registration files a request for a trial under Article 45(1) 
against the ruling dismissing an amendment und er paragraph (1), the examiner shall suspend 
the examination of the application for trademark registration until the trial decision becomes final and binding. 
 
 (Application mutatis mutandis of provisions of the Patent Act) 
Article 17  
The provisions of Articles 47(2) (Qualification of Examiners), 48 (Exclusion of Examiners), 52 
(Formal Requirements for Examination) and 54 (Relationship with Litigation) of the Patent Act 
shall apply mutatis mutandis to the examination of applications for trademark registration. In this case, the term "a trial decision" in Article 54(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be 
replaced with "a ruling on an opposition  to registration or a trial decision." 
 
 (Mutatis mutandis application of the Design Act) 
Article 17-2 
 (1) The provision of Article 17-3 (New Application for Designs as Amended) of the Design Act (Act 
No. 125 of 1959) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where an amendment is dismissed by 
a ruling pursuant to Article 16-2(1) of this Act. 
 (2) The provision of Article 17-4 of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case of an 
extension of the time limit provided in Articl e 17-3(1) of the Design Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis to the preceding paragraph or Article 55-2(3) (including its mutatis mutandis 
application under Article 60-2(2)) of this Act. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  CHAPTER IV TRADEMARK RIGHT 
Section 1 Trademark Right 
 
 (Registration of establishment of trademark right) 
Article 18  
 (1) A trademark right shall arise upon registration of establishment of such right.  (2) Where the registration fee under Article 40(1)  or the registration fee due and payable within 
thirty days from the date of service of a transcript of an examiner's decision or a trial decision to 
the effect that a trademark is to be registered pursuant to Article 41-2(1) is paid, the establishment of the trademark right shall be registered. 
 (3) Upon registration set forth in the preceding paragraph, the following matters shall be 
published in the trademark bulletin: 
 (i) the name and the domicile or residence of the holder of trademark right;  (ii) the number and date of the application for trademark registration; 
 (iii) the trademark stated in the application; 
 (iv) the designated goods or designated services;  (v) the registration number and the date of registration of establishment; and 
 (vi) other necessary matters in addition to those listed in the preceding items. 
 (4) The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall make application documents and their annexed 
articles available for public inspection at the Patent Office for two months from the date of issuance of the trademark bulletin containing matters listed in each item of the preceding 
paragraph (hereinafter referred to as "bulletin containing the trademark") pursuant to the 
provisions of the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this shall not apply to documents or articles that are likely to damage the reputation or disturb the peaceful existence 
of an individual or to cause damage to public policy, and the Commissioner of the Patent Office 
finds necessary to be kept confidential. 
 (5) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office intends to make available for public inspection 
documents or articles which are likely to damage the reputation or disturb the peaceful 
existence of an individual and are other than th ose the Commissioner of th e Patent Office finds 
necessary to be kept confidential pursuant to the proviso set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall notify the person who submitted the documents or 
the articles thereof and the reasons therefor. 
 
 (Duration) 
Article 19 
 (1) The duration of a trademark right shall expire after ten years from the date of registration of 
establishment of such right. 
 (2) The duration of a trademark right may be rene wed by the holder of trademark right by filing 
an application for registration of renewal. 
 (3) Where the renewal of the duration of the trad emark right is registered, the duration shall have 
been renewed at the time of expiration of the duration. 
 
 (Application for registration of renewal of duration) 
Article 20 
 (1) A person filing a request for registration of renewal of the duration of a trademark right shall 
submit to the Commissioner of the Patent Office an application stating the following matters:  (i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant; 
 (ii) the registration number of the trademark registration; and 
 (iii) in addition to those listed in the precedin g two items, the matters provided by Ordinance of 
the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 (2) An application for registration of renewal shal l be filed during the period from six months prior 
to the expiration of the duration of a tradem ark right to the date of expiration thereof. 
 (3) Where the holder of trademark right is unable to file an application for registration of renewal 
within the time limit provided in the preceding paragraph, the holder of trademark right may file 
the said application within six months even after the expiration of the said time limit. 
 (4) Where the holder of trademark right fails to file an application for registration of renewal 
within the time limit for such request pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the 
trademark right shall be deemed to have been extinguished retroactively from the time of the 
expiration of its duration. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (Restoration of trademark right) 
Article 21  (1) Where the original holder of a trademark ri ght which was deemed to have been extinguished 
pursuant to Article 20(4) has justifiable reasons for having been unable to file an application for 
registration of renewal within the time limit for such application pursuant to Article 20(3), the 
original holder of the trademark right may file the said application within two months from the date on which the reasons ceased to exist but not later than six months after the expiration of 
the said time limit. 
 (2) Where an application for registration of re newal is filed under the preceding paragraph, the 
duration shall be deemed to have been renewed retroactively at the time of expiration of the duration. 
 
 (Limitations of effects of  restored trademark right) 
Article 22  
The effects of a trademark right restored pursuant to Article 21(2) may not extend to the 
following acts committed after the expiration of the time limit for the filing of the application for registration of renewal provided in Article 20(3) and before the registration of renewal of the 
duration of the trademark right by the application under Article 21(1): 
 (i) the use of the registered trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated 
services; and 
 (ii) the acts provided for in each item of Article37. 
 
 (Registration of renewal of duration) 
Article 23 
 (1) Where the registration fee under Article 40(2)  or the registration fee due and payable at the 
time of filing of the application for registration of renewal pursuant to Article 41-2(2) is paid, the renewal of the duration of the trademark right shall be registered. 
 (2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, where an application for registration of renewal is 
filed pursuant to Article 20(3) or 21(1), the renewal of the duration of the trademark right shall be registered at the time of payment of the registration fee under Article 40(2) and the registration surcharge under Article 43(1), or the registration fee due and payable at the time of 
filing of the application for registration of re newal under Article 41-2(2) and the registration 
surcharge under Article 43(2).  
 (3) Upon registration as set forth under the pr eceding two paragraphs, the following matters shall 
be published in the trademark bulletin: 
 (i) the name and the domicile or residence of the holder of trademark right;  (ii) the registration number and the date of registration of renewal; and 
 (iii) other necessary matters in addition to those listed in the preceding two items. 
 
 (Division of trademark right) 
Article 24 
 (1) Where there are two or more designated good s or designated services for which a trademark 
right shall apply, the trademark right may be divided for each of the designated goods or 
designated services. 
 (2) Where a request for a trial is filed under Article 46(2), the division provided for in the 
preceding paragraph may be made even after the extinguishment of the trademark right, provided that a trial, retrial or court proceeding in connection with the case is pending. 
 
 (Transfer of trademark right) 
Article 24-2  (1) Where there are two or more designated g oods or designated services, the trademark right 
may be divided into each of the designated goods or services in transferring such right. 
 (2) A trademark right in connection with an application for trademark registration which falls 
under Article 4(2) filed by the State, a local go vernment, an agency thereof, or a non-profit 
organization undertaking a business for public interest may not be assigned. 
 (3) A trademark right in connection with an application for trademark registration that falls under 
Article 4(2) filed by a non-profit enterprise undertaking a business for public interest, may not 
be transferred unless the business is transferred together with such right. 
 (4) A trademark right in connection with a regionally based collective trademark may not be 
assigned. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (Transfer of collective trademark right) 
Article 24-3  (1) Upon transfer, the trademark right to a coll ective trademark shall be deemed to have been 
converted to a regular trademark right, except  in the case as provided in the following 
paragraph. 
 (2) Where the right holder of a collective tradem ark desires to transfer the collective trademark 
right, the said right holder shall submit an app lication for registration of transfer accompanied 
by a document stating thereof, and the document s provided in Article 7(3), to the Commissioner 
of the Patent Office. 
 
 (Request for indication to prevent confusio n arising from transfer  of trademark right) 
Article 24-4  
Where, as a result of transfer of a trademark ri ght, the trademark right to a similar registered 
trademark to be used in connection with identical goods or services, or the trademark right to an 
identical or similar registered trademark to be used in connection with similar goods or services 
becomes owned by a different holder of trademark right, if the use of one of such registered 
trademarks for its designated goods or designated  services by its holder of trademark right, 
exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use is likely to damage business interests (limited 
to those pertaining to the designated goods or designated services using the said other registered trademark) of the other holder of tr ademark right or of exclusive right to use, the 
other holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use may request the holder of trademark 
right, exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use to affix an indication that may 
sufficiently prevent any confusion between the goods or services pertaining to the business of the other party and those of its own. 
 
 (Effects of trademark right) 
Article 25  
The holder of trademark right shall have an excl usive right to use the registered trademark in 
connection with the designated goods or designat ed services; provided, however, that where an 
exclusive right to use the trademark is established in connection with the trademark right, this provision shall not apply to the extent that the ho lder of exclusive right to use has an exclusive 
right to use the registered trademark. 
 
 (Limitations of effect s of trademark right) 
Article 26 
 (1) A trademark right shall have no effect on any of the following trademarks (including those 
which constitute part of other trademarks): 
 (i) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, one's own portrait, name, famous 
pseudonym, professional name, pen name or famous abbreviation thereof; 
 (ii) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, the common name, place of origin, place of 
sale, quality, raw materials, efficacy, intended  purpose, quantity, shape (including shape of 
packages; the same shall apply in the following it em), price, the method or time of production 
or use of the designated goods or goods similar thereto, or the common name, location of provision, quality, articles to be used in such provision, efficacy, intended purpose, quantity, 
modes, price or method or time of provision of services similar to the designated goods; 
 (iii) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, the common name, location of provision, 
quality, articles to be used in such provision, efficacy, intended purpose, quantity, modes, 
price or method or time of provision of the desi gnated services or services similar thereto, or 
the common name, place of origin, place of sale, quality, raw materials, efficacy, intended purpose, quantity, shape, price, the method or time of production or use of goods similar to 
the designated services; 
 (iv) a trademark customarily used for the designated goods or designated services or goods or 
services similar thereto; or 
 (v) a trademark consisting solely of a three-dimensional shape of goods or their packaging 
which is indispensable for such goods or their packaging to properly function. 
 (2) Item (i) of the preceding paragraph sha ll not apply where, after the registration of 
establishment of the trademark right, one's own portrait, name, famous pseudonym, 
professional name, pen name or famous abbreviation thereof is used for the purpose of unfair 
competition. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (Scope of registered trademark, etc.) 
Article 27  (1) The scope of a registered trademark shall be determined based on the trademark stated in the 
application. 
 (2) The scope of the designated goods or design ated services shall be determined based on the 
statement in the application. 
 
Article 28 
 (1) A request for an advisory opinion on the effects of a trademark right may be filed to the 
Patent Office. 
 (2) Upon receipt of the request under the prec eding paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office shall designate three appeal examiners and have them make an advisory opinion. 
 (3) Articles 71(3) and 71(4) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the advisory opinion 
provided for in paragraph (1). 
 
Article 28-2  (1) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office is commissioned by a court to provide an expert 
opinion on the effects of a trademark right, the Commissioner shall designate three appeal 
examiners and have them provide such expert opinion. 
 (2) Articles 71-2(2) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the commissioned provision 
of the expert opinion provided for in paragraph (1). 
 
 (Relationship with another pe rson's patent right, etc.) 
Article 29  
Where the use of a registered trademark in a particular manner in connection with its 
designated goods or designated services conflicts with another person's right to a patent, utility 
model or design for which an application has been filed prior to the filing date of an application of 
the said registered trademark or upon another pe rson's copyright arising prior to the filing date 
of the same, the holder of trademark right, exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use may not use the registered trademark in the same manner on the conflicting part of the designated goods or designated services. 
 
 (Exclusive right to use) 
Article 30 
 (1) The holder of trademark right may establish an exclusive right to use to the trademark to 
which he/she holds the right; provided, however, that this provision shall not apply to the trademark right pertaining to an application for trademark registration provided in Article 4(2) 
or a regionally based collective trademark. 
 (2) The holder of exclusive right to use shall have an exclusive right to use a registered trademark 
in connection with the designated goods or design ated services to the extent provided by the 
agreement under which such right is granted. 
 (3) The exclusive right to use may be transfer red only where the consent of the holder of 
trademark right is obtained or where the transfer falls under general succession including inheritance. 
 (4) Articles 77(4) and 77(5) (establishment of pledge, etc.), 97(2) (waiver), and 98(1)(ii) and 
98(2) (effects of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an exclusive right to use. 
 
 (Non-exclusive right to use) 
Article 31  (1) The holder of trademark right may grant to another person a non-exclusive right to use to the 
trademark to which he/she holds the right; prov ided, however, that this provision shall not 
apply to the trademark right pertaining to an application for trademark registration provided in Article 4(2). 
 (2) The holder of non-exclusive right to use sha ll have the right to use the registered trademark 
for the designated goods or designated services to the extent provided by the agreement under 
which such right is granted. 
 (3) A non-exclusive right to use may be transf erred only where the consent of the holder of 
trademark right (the holders of trademark right an d of exclusive right to use in the case of a 
non-exclusive right to use granted in connection wi th an exclusive right to use) is obtained or 
where the transfer falls under general succession including inheritance. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (4) When a non-exclusive right to use is regist ered, the non-exclusive right to use shall have 
effect on any person who subsequently acquires the trademark rght or the exclusive right to use, or the exclusive right to use on the trademark right. 
 (5) The transfer, modification, extinguishment or restriction on disposition of a non-exclusive right 
to use shall have no effect on any third party unless registered. 
 (6) Articles 73(1) (joint ownership), 94(2) (establishment of right of pledge) and 97(3) (waiver) 
of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a non-exclusive right to use. 
 
 (Right of members of co rporation or association) 
Article 31-2  (1) Members of a juridical person provided in Article 7(1) holding a trademark right to a collective 
trademark (hereinafter referred to as "collective members") or members of an association, etc. 
holding a trademark right to a regionally based collective trademark (hereinafter referred to as "regional collective members") shall have the righ t to use a registered trademark relating to 
collective trademark or regionally based collective trademark for the designated goods or 
designated services as provided by the said ju ridical person or association, etc.; provided, 
however, that in the case and only to the extent  that an exclusive right to use the registered 
trademark (limited to the trademark right pertaining to a collective trademark) has been 
established. 
 (2) The right provided for in the main clause of  the preceding paragraph may not be transferred. 
 (3) For the purpose of application of Articles 24-4, 29, 50, 52-2, 53 and 73, collective members or 
regional collective members shall be deemed to be holders of non-exclusive right to use. 
 (4) For the purpose of the application of Article 33(1)(iii) in relation to registered trademarks in 
connection with collective trademarks and regionally based collective trademarks, "or a person 
who has the non-exclusive right to use which is effective regarding the trademark right or the 
exclusive right to use under Article 31(4) of this Act. " in the said item shall read, "or a person who has the non-exclusive right to use which is effective regarding the trademark right or the 
exclusive right to use under Article 31(4) of this Act, or collective members or regional collective 
members who have the right to use the said trademark." 
  (Right to use trademark arising from prior use) 
Article 32 
 (1) Where a trademark identical with, or similar to, the trademark for which the application is filed 
by another person has been used in Japan in connection with the designated goods or 
designated services of the trademark for which the application is filed, or in connection with 
goods or services similar thereto, without any intention to be engaged in unfair competition, from the time prior to the filing of such other person's application for the said trademark 
registration, and as a result, at the time of filing of the application for trademark registration (at 
the time of filing of the original application for trademark registration or the submission of a written amendment, if the application for trademark registration is deemed to have been filed at 
the time of submission of a written amendment under Article 9-4 of this Act or Article 17-3(1) of 
the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 17-2(1) or 55-2(3) of this Act 
(including its mutatis mutandis application under Article 60-2(2))), such trademark has become well known among consumers as that indicating goods or services pertaining to the business of 
the person, the person shall have the right to use the trademark in connection with such goods 
or services as far as the said person continuously uses the trademark for the goods or services. The same shall apply to those by whom such business is succeeded. 
 (2) The holder of trademark right or of exclusiv e right to use may request the person who has the 
right to use the trademark pursuant to the preceding paragraph to affix an indication that may sufficiently prevent any confusion between the good s or services pertaining to the business of 
the said person and those of its own. 
 
Article 32-2  (1) Any person who has been using in Japan a trademark identical with, or similar to, a regionally 
based collective trademark for which an application for registration is filed by another person in 
connection with the designated goods or designated services for which the application for trademark registration is filed, or in connection with goods or services similar thereto, without 
any intention to be engaged in unfair competition,  prior to the filing of such other person's 
application for trademark registration of the said regionally based collective trademark, shall have the right to use the trademark in connection with such goods or services as far as the said person continuously uses the trademark in connection with such goods or services. The same 
shall apply to those by whom such business is succeeded. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) The holder of trademark right may request the person who has the right to use the trademark 
pursuant to the preceding paragraph to affix an indication that may sufficiently prevent any confusion between the goods or services pertaining  to the business of the said person and those 
of its own or its members. 
 
 (Right to use trademark arising from use prior to registration of request for 
invalidation trial) 
Article 33 
 (1) Where, prior to the registration of a request for a trial provided for in Article 46(1), a person 
falling under any of the following items has been using in Japan a registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services or 
goods or services similar thereto without the kn owledge that the said trademark registration 
falls under any of the items of the said paragraph, and the said trademark has become well known among consumers as that indicating goods or services pertaining to its business, the 
person shall have the right to use the trademark in connection with such goods or services as 
far as the said person continuously uses the trademark for such goods or services; the same shall apply to those by whom such business is succeeded: 
 (i) the original holder of trademark right, wher e one of two or more trademark registrations for 
identical or similar trademarks to be used in connection with identical or similar designated goods or designated services has been invalidated; 
 (ii) the original holder of trademark righ t, where the trademark registration has been 
invalidated and a trademark identical with, or similar to, such trademark to be used in 
connection with identical or similar designated goods or designated services is registered for the person who is entitled to such a trademark; or 
 (iii) in the case of the preceding two items, a person who, at the time of registration of the 
request for a trial under Article 46(1), has the exclusive right to use of the trademark right of the trademark registration which has been invalidated or a person who has the non-exclusive 
right to use which is effective regarding the trademark right or the exclusive right to use 
under Article 31(4) of this Act. 
 (2) The said holder of trademark right or of ex clusive right to use shall be entitled to receive 
reasonable compensation from the person who has the right to use the trademark pursuant to 
the preceding paragraph. 
 (3) Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to paragraph (1).  
 (Right to use trademark after expiration  of duration of patent right, etc.) 
Article 33-2  (1) Where a patent right of an application that has been filed prior to or on the same date as the 
filing date of an application for trademark regist ration conflicts with the trademark right of the 
application for trademark registration, upon expirati on of the duration of the said patent right, 
the original patent right holder shall have the right to use the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services 
specified in the application, or goods or services similar thereto, within the limits of the original 
patent right; provided, however, that such trademark is not used for the purpose of unfair competition. 
 (2) Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding paragraph. 
 (3) The preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis, where a utility model or design 
right of an application that has been filed prior to or on the same date as the filing date of an 
application for trademark registration conflicts with the trademark right of the application for 
trademark registration, upon expiration of the du ration of such utility model right or design 
right. 
 
Article 33-3 
 (1) Where a patent right of an application that ha s been filed prior to or on the same date as the 
filing date of an application for trademark regist ration conflicts with the trademark right of the 
application for trademark registration, upon expirati on of the duration of the said patent right, 
the person who, at the time of expiration of th e duration of the patent right, has the exclusive 
license to work the patent right, or a non-exclusive license to work which is effective on the 
patent right or on the exclusive license to wo rk, shall have the right to use the registered 
trademark or a trademark similar thereto, within the limits of the original patent right, in connection with the designated goods or designated services specified in the application for trademark registration, or goods or services similar thereto; provided, however, that such 
trademark is not used for the purpose of unfair competition. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) Articles 32(2) and 33(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding paragraph. 
 (3) The preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis, where a utility model or a design 
right of an application which has been filed prior to or on the same date as the filing date of an application for trademark registration conflicts with the trademark right of the application for 
trademark registration, upon expiration of the du ration of such utility model right or design 
right. 
 
 (Pledges) 
Article 34  (1) Where a pledge is established on a trademar k right, exclusive right to use or non-exclusive 
right to use, unless otherwise provided for by contract, the pledgee may not use the registered 
trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated services. 
 (2) The establishment, transfer, modification, ex tinguishment or restriction on disposition of a 
pledge on a non-exclusive right to use shall have no effect on any third party without 
registration. 
 (3) Article 96 (subrogation) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to pledges on a 
trademark right, exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use. 
 (4) Article 99(3) (effects of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to pledges 
on a non-exclusive right to use. 
  (Application mutatis mutandis of provisions of the Patent Act) 
Article 35  
Article 73 (co-ownership), 76 (Lapse of patent rights in absence of heir), 97(1) (waiver), and 
98(1)(i) and 98(2) (Effect of registration) of th e Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to 
trademark rights. In this case, the term "transfer (excluding those by general succession 
including inheritance)" in Article 98(1)(i) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "division and transfer (excluding those by general succession including inheritance)." 
 
Section 2 Infringement of Rights 
 
 (Right to demand injunction) 
Article 36 
 (1) The holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use may demand a person who is 
infringing or is likely to infringe the trademark right or the exclusive right to use to stop or 
prevent such infringement. 
 (2) In making such a demand under the preceding paragraph, the holder of trademark right or of 
exclusive right to use may demand the person to take measures necessary for the prevention of 
such infringement, including the destruction of articles which constitute the act of infringement 
and the removal of equipment used for or contributing to the act of infringement. 
 
 (Acts deemed to constitute infringement) 
Article 37  
The following acts shall be deemed to constitute infringement of a trademark right or an 
exclusive right to use: 
 (i) the use of a trademark similar to the registered trademark in connection with the designated 
goods or designated services, or the use of the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto in connection with goods or services similar to the designated goods or designated 
services; 
 (ii) the possession for the purpose of assignment, delivery or export of the designated goods, 
or goods similar to the designated goods or de signated services, affixed with the registered 
trademark or a trademark similar thereto on the goods or their packages; 
 (iii) the possession or importation of articles affixed with the registered trademark or a 
trademark similar thereto, that are used in the course of the provision of designated services 
or services similar to the designated services or the designated goods by a person who 
receives the said services, for the purpose of th e provision of the said services through use of 
the said articles; 
 (iv) the assignment, delivery, or possession or importation for the purpose of assignment or 
delivery of articles affixed with a registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto, that 
are used in the course of the provision of de signated services or services similar to the 
designated services or the designated goods by  a person who receives the said services, for 
the purpose of causing the provision of the said  services through use of the said products; IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (v) the possession of products indicating the registered trademark or a trademark similar 
thereto, for the purpose of using the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services, or goods or services similar thereto; 
 (vi) the assignment, delivery, or possession fo r the purpose of assignment or delivery, of 
articles indicating the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto, for the purpose of causing the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto to be used in connection with 
the designated goods or designated services, or goods or services similar thereto; 
 (vii) the manufacture or importation of products indicating the registered trademark or a 
trademark similar thereto, for the purpose of using or causing to be used the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or 
designated services or goods or services similar thereto; and 
 (viii) the manufacture, assignment, delivery or im portation, as a business, of products to be 
used exclusively for the manufacturing of produc ts indicating the registered trademark or a 
trademark similar thereto. 
 
 (Presumption of amount of damage, etc.) 
Article 38 
 (1) Where a holder of trademark right or of ex clusive right to use claims against an infringer 
compensation for damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive right to us e, and the infringer assigned the goods that 
composed the act of infringement, the amount of damage sustained by the holder of trademark 
right or of exclusive right to use may be presumed  to be the amount of profit per unit of goods 
which would have been sold by the holder of trad emark right or of exclusive right to use if there 
had been no such act of infringement, multipli ed by the quantity of goods assigned by the 
infringer (hereinafter referred to as the "Assign ed Quantity"), the maximum of which shall be 
the amount attainable by the holder of trademark ri ght or of exclusive right to use in light of the 
capability of the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use to use such goods; 
provided, however, that if any circumstances exist under which the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use would have been unable to sell the assigned quantity in whole or in 
part, the amount calculated as the number of goods not able to be sold due to such 
circumstances shall be deducted. 
 (2) Where the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use claims against an infringer 
compensation for damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of 
the trademark right or the exclusive right to use, and the infringer earned profits from the act of 
infringement, the amount of profits earned by th e infringer shall be presumed to be the amount 
of damage sustained by the holder of trad emark right or of exclusive right to use. 
 (3) The holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use may claim against an infringer 
compensation for damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive right to use, by regarding the amount the holder of 
trademark right or of exclusive right to use would have been entitled to receive for the use of 
the registered trademark as the amount of damage sustained. 
 (4) The preceding paragraph shall not prevent any relevant party from claiming compensation for 
damage in an amount exceeding the amount provid ed therein. In this case, where the infringer 
committed the infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive right to use without intent or 
gross negligence, the court may take these circumstances into consideration in determining the amount of damages to be awarded. 
 
 (Limitation to assertion) 
Article 38-2  
Where the following trial decisions or rulings have become final and binding after the final 
judgment on a litigation pertaining to infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive right 
to use or to a claim for payment of money as pr ovided in Article 13-2(1) (including cases where 
it is applied mutatis mutandis in Article 68(1)) has become final and binding, a person who was a 
party of the said litigation may not claim that the said trial decisions or rulings have become final 
and binding in the appeal for retrial against th e said final judgment (including appeals for the 
purpose of the claim of the compensation for damages against an obligee of a case of provisional 
seizure order in which the said litigation is the case and appeals for the purpose of the claim of 
the compensation for damages and the return for unjust enrichment against an obligee of the case of provisional disposition order in which the said litigation is the case): 
 (i) appeal/trial decision to the effect that the said trademark registration is to be invalidated; 
 (ii) a decision to the effect that the said  trademark registration is to be rescinded. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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 (Application mutatis mutandis of provisions of the Patent Act) 
Article 39  
Articles 103 (Presumption of negligence), 104-2 (Obligation to clarify the specific condition); 
104-3(1) and (2) (Restriction on exercise of ri ghts of patentee, etc.), 105 to 105-6 (Production 
of documents, etc.; Expert opinion for calculation of damages; Determination of reasonable damages; Protective order; Rescission of protective order and Notice, etc. of a request 
inspection of record, etc.) and 106 (Measures to restore credibility) of the Patent Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to the infringement of a trademark right and an exclusive right to use. 
 
Section 3 Registration Fees 
 
 (Registration fees) 
Article 40 
 (1) A person obtaining the registration of establishment of a trademark right shall pay as a 
registration fee for each trademark registration the amount of 37,600 yen multiplied by the number of classes (referring to classes of goods and services provided by Cabinet Order 
provided for in Article 6(2), to which the design ated goods or designated services belong; the 
same shall apply hereinafter). 
 (2) A person filing a request for the registration of renewal of the duration of a trademark right 
shall pay as a registration fee for each trademark registration the amount of 48,500 yen 
multiplied by the number of classes. 
 (3) The preceding two paragraphs shall not apply to trademark rights belonging to the State.  (4) Where a trademark right is jointly owned by the State and a person or persons other than the 
State, and the portion of their respective shares  of the said trademark right has been agreed, 
notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the registration fee provided for in the said paragraphs shall be the amount of the registration fee prov ided in the said paragraphs multiplied by the 
total ratio of the share of each person other than the State, which shall be paid by the person or 
persons other than the State.  
 (5) Any fractional figures of the registration fee calculated in accordance with the preceding 
paragraph smaller than 10 yen, if any, shall be discarded. 
 (6) The registration fee provided for in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be paid by patent revenue 
stamps as provided by Ordinance of the Minist ry of Economy, Trade and Industry; provided, 
however, that the payment may be made in cash if permitted under the Ordinance of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 
 (Time limit for payment of registration fees) 
Article 41 
 (1) The registration fee under Article 40(1) sha ll be paid within 30 days from the service of a 
transcript of an examiner's decision or appeal/trial decision to the effect that a trademark is to be registered. 
 (2) Upon the request of a person required to pay the registration fee, the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office may extend the period of time pr ovided in the preceding paragraph by a maximum 
of 30 days. 
 (3) The registration fee under Article 40(2) shall b e  p a i d  a t  th e  t i m e  o f  f i l i n g  o f  a  r e q u e s t  f o r  
renewal of registration. 
 
 (Payment of registration fee by installments) 
Article 41-2  (1) Notwithstanding Article 40(1), a person ob taining a registration of establishment of a 
trademark right may pay the prescribed registrati on fee by installments. In this case, 21,900 
yen multiplied by the number of classes shall be paid for each trademark registration within 30 
days from the service of a transcript of an examin er's decision or appeal/trial decision to the 
effect that a trademark is to be registered, and an additional 21,900 yen multiplied by the 
number of classes shall be paid for each trademark registration no later than five years prior to 
the expiration of the duration of the trademark right. 
 (2) Notwithstanding Article 40(2), a person filing  a request for the registration of renewal of the 
duration of a trademark right may pay the prescrib ed registration fee by installments. In this 
case, the said applicant shall pay 28,300 yen multiplied by the number of classes for each trademark registration at the time of filing of th e request for the registration of renewal, and an 
additional 28,300 yen multiplied by the number of classes for each trademark registration no 
later than five years prior to the expiration  of the duration of the trademark right. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
- 21 - 
 
   (3) Where the holder of trademark right is unable to pay the prescribed registration fee no later 
than five years prior to the expiration of the du ration of the trademark right in accordance with 
paragraph (1) or (2), the holder of trademark right may make a delayed payment for such fee within six months even after the expiration of the said time limit. 
 (4) Where the holder of trademark right fails to pay the prescribed registration fee due and 
payable no later than five years prior to the expiration of the duration of the trademark in accordance with paragraph (1) or (2) and the surcharge for late registration provided for in 
Article 43(3) within the time limit permitted to make a delayed payment for the registration fee 
in accordance with the preceding paragraph, the trademark right is deemed to have been extinguished retroactively as of the last day five years prior to the expiration of the duration. 
 (5) The provisions of paragraphs (3) to (5) of Article 40 shall apply mutatis mutandis to 
paragraphs (1) and (2). 
 (6) Article 41(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the payment of the prescribed registration fee 
due and payable within 30 days from the service of a transcript of an examiner's decision or 
appeal/trial decision to the effect that a trad emark is to be registered under paragraph (1). 
 
 (Payment of registration fee by interested person) 
Article 41-3 
 (1) Any interested person may make payment of the registration fee (excluding the registration 
fee due and payable at the time of filing of a request for renewal of registration) even against 
the intention of the person by whom the said fee is to be paid.  
 (2) An interested person who makes payment of the registration fee in accordance with the 
preceding paragraph may demand payment to reimburse the expense thereof from the person by whom the said fee was to have been paid, to the extent that the said person receives actual 
benefits therefrom. 
 
 (Refund of registrati on fee already paid) 
Article 42 
 (1) Only the following registration fees are refundable upon request by a payee: 
 (i) a registration fee paid in excess, or in error; or  (ii) a registration fee due and payable no later than five years prior to the expiration of the 
duration of the trademark right under Article 41-2(1) or 41-2(2) (limited to the case where a 
rescission decision under Article 43-3(2) or appeal/trial decision to the effect that a trademark registration is to be invalidated becomes final and binding no later than five years prior to the 
expiration of the duration of the trademark right). 
 (2) No refund of any registration fee under the preceding paragraph may be requested after the 
lapse of one year from the day on which the regist ration fee is paid in the case of registration 
fees provided for in item (i) of the preceding paragraph and six months from the day on which a 
rescission decision under Article 43-3(2) or appeal/trial decision becomes final and binding in the case of registration fees provided for in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph. 
 
 (Registration surcharge) 
Article 43  (1) A person filing a request for renewal of registration under Article 20(3) or 21(1) shall pay, in 
addition to the registration fee due and payable under Article 40(2), a surcharge in an amount 
equivalent to the registration fee. 
 (2) Where Article 41-2(2) is applicable, a pers on filing a request provided in the preceding 
paragraph shall pay, in addition to the registration fee due and payable at the time of filing of 
the request for registration of renewal under Article 41-2(2), a surcharge in an amount equivalent to the registration fee. 
 (3) Where Article 41-2(3) is applicable, the holder of trademark right shall pay, in addition to the 
registration fee due and payable no later than five  years prior to the expiration of the duration 
of the trademark right under Article 41-2(1) or (2), a surcharge in an amount equivalent to the registration fee. 
 (4) The surcharges under the preceding three paragraphs shall be paid by patent revenue stamps 
as provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; provided, however, 
that the payment may be made in cash, if permi tted by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, 
Trade and Industry. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  CHAPTER IV-2 OPPOSITION TO REGISTRATION 
 
 (Opposition to registration) 
Article 43-2  
Any person may file with the Commissioner of the Patent Office an opposition to registration 
within two months from the date of publication of the bulletin containing the trademark, on the grounds that the trademark registration falls under any of the following items; in this case, an 
opposition to registration may be filed for each of  designated goods or designated services if the 
relevant trademark has been registered in conne ction with two or more designated goods or 
designated services: 
 (i) where the trademark registration has been made  in violation of Article 3, 4(1), 7-2(1), 8(1), 
8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including its mutatis mutandis application under Article 52-2(2)), 53(2) of 
this Act or Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 77(3) of this Act; and 
 (ii) where the trademark registration has been made in violation of a treaty. 
 
 (Decision) 
Article 43-3 
 (1) An examination and decision on an opposition to registration shall be conducted by a panel 
consisting of three or five appeal examiners. 
 (2) Where the appeal examiners find the trademark registration pertaining to an opposition to 
registration falls under any of the items of Article 43-2, the appeal examiners shall render a 
decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be rescinded (hereinafter referred to as "rescission decision"). 
 (3) Where the rescission decision becomes final and binding, the relevant trademark right shall be 
deemed never to have existed. 
 (4) Where the appeal examiners find the trademark registration pertaining to an opposition to 
registration does not fall under any of the it ems of Article 43-2, the appeal examiners shall 
render a decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be maintained. 
 (5) The decision under the preceding paragraph shall not be subject to appeal.  
 (Formal requirements for filing an opposition, etc.) 
Article 43-4  (1) A person filing an opposition to registrati on of a trademark shall submit to the Commissioner 
of the Patent Office a written opposition stating the following matters: 
 (i) the name and the domicile or residence of the opponent to the registration and a 
representative(s) thereof; 
 (ii) the indication of the trademark registration pertaining to the opposition to registration; and 
 (iii) the grounds of the opposition to registra tion and the indication of supporting evidence. 
 (2) An amendment of the written opposition to registration submitted under the preceding 
paragraph shall not change the gist thereof. Notwithstanding, this provision shall not apply to 
any amendment with respect to the matters pr ovided for in item (iii) of the preceding 
paragraph; provided that such amendment is made no later than thirty days from the lapse of the term provided in Article 43-2. 
 (3) The Commissioner of the Patent Office may, upon request or ex officio, extend the period 
provided in the preceding paragraph for a person in a remote area or an area with transportation difficulties. 
 (4) The chief appeal examiner shall transmit a co py of the written opposition to the holder of 
trademark right. 
 (5) Article 46(3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where an opposition to registration is 
filed. 
 
 (Designation of appeal examiners, etc.) 
Article 43-5  
Articles 136(2) and 137 to 144 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under 
Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the panel under Article 43-3(1) and the appeal examiners constituting thereof. 
 
 (Trial Clerk) 
Article 43-5-2  (1) The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall designate a trial clerk for each case of opposition 
to registration. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) The provisions of paragraphs (3) to (5) of Article 144-2 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis under Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the trial clerk provided for in the preceding paragraph. 
 
 (Proceedings of examination, etc.) 
Article 43-6  (1) The examination of the opposition to registration shall be conducted by documentary 
examination; provided, however, that where a petiti on is filed by the holder of trademark right, 
the opponent, an intervenor or ex officio, the chief appeal examiner may decide to conduct the 
proceedings by oral examination. 
 (2) Paragraphs (3) to (5) of Articles 145, 146 and 147 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis under Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to appeall by oral 
examination provided for in the proviso to the preceding paragraph. 
 (3) Where any ground for suspension or termination of procedures is applicable to one of the joint 
holders of trademark right for an examination and decision on an opposition to registration, the 
said suspension or termination shall have effect on all such joint holders of trademark right. 
 
 (Intervention) 
Article 43-7  (1) In an examination to render a decision on an opposition to registration, any person who has a 
right relating to the trademark right or any other person who has an interest in the trademark 
right may intervene in the examination in order to  assist the holder of trademark right until the 
decision on the opposition to registration is rendered. 
 (2) Articles 148(4), 148(5) and 149 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under 
Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the intervenor provided for in the 
preceding paragraph. 
 
 (Examination and preservation of evidence) 
Article 43-8  
Articles 150 and 151 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) of this 
Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the examination and preservation of evidence in the 
examination of the opposition to registration. 
 
 (Ex officio examination) 
Article 43-9 
 (1) In an examination of an opposition to registration, any grounds not pleaded by the holder of 
trademark right, the opponent or the intervenor may be examined. 
 (2) In an examination of an opposition to registration, no examination shall be conducted on any 
designated goods or designated services for which the opposition to registration is not raised. 
 
 (Joint or separate conduct of oppositions) 
Article 43-10 
 (1) Where two or more oppositions to registration are filed in relation to the same trademark 
right, unless special circumstances exist, the ex aminations thereof shall be conducted jointly. 
 (2) An examination conducted jointly in accordance with the preceding paragraph may later be 
divided. 
 
 (Withdrawal of opposition) 
Article 43-11  (1) An opposition to registration, once filed, may not be withdrawn after the notification under 
Article 43-12 is served. 
 (2) Article 155(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(2) of this Act 
shall apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of an opposition to registration. 
 
 (Notification of reasons for rescission) 
Article 43-12  
Where the chief appeal examiner intends to render a rescission decision, the chief appeal 
examiner shall notify the holder of trademar k right and the intervenor of the reasons for 
rescission of the trademark registration and give the said parties an opportunity to submit a written opinion, designating a reasonable time limit. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
- 24 - 
 
   (Formal requirements of decision) 
Article 43-13  (1) The decision with regard to an opposition to registration shall be rendered in writing stating 
the following matters: 
 (i) the case number of the opposition to registration; 
 (ii) the name and the domicile or residence of the holder of trademark right, the opponent, the 
intervenor and their representative(s); 
 (iii) an indication of the trademark registration on which the decision was rendered; 
 (iv) the conclusions of and reasons for the decision; and  (v) the date of the decision. 
 (2) Where a decision has been rendered, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall serve a 
transcript of the decision to the holder of trademark right, the opponent, the intervenor and 
persons whose request for intervention in the examination on the opposition to registration has been refused. 
 
 (Scope of final and binding decision) 
Article 43-14  
A decision with regard to an opposition to registration shall become final and binding for each 
case of opposition to registration; provided, however, that the decision with regard to an opposition to registration filed against the designated goods or designated services shall become final and binding for each designated goods or services. 
 
 (Mutatis mutandis application of provisions concerning appeal/trial) 
Article 43-15 
 (1) Articles 133, 133-2, 134(4), 135, 152, 168, paragraphs (3) to (6) of Article 169, and 170 of 
the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an examination and a decision on an opposition to registration. 
 (2) Article 43-3(5) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a decision under Article 135 of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under the preceding paragraph. 
 
CHAPTER 5 APPEAL and TRIAL 
 
 (Appeal against examiner's decision of refusal) 
Article 44 
 (1) A person who has received an examiner's decision to the effect that an application is to be 
refused and is dissatisfied may file a request for appeal against the examiner's decision of refusal within three months from the date the transcript of the examiner's decision has been 
served. 
 (2) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of the person, the person filing a request for appeal 
pursuant to the preceding paragraph is unable to file the request within the time limit as provided in the preceding paragraph, the said person may, notwithstanding the said paragraph, 
file the request within 14 days (two months for resident abroad) from the date on which the 
reasons for not filing ceased to be applicable, but not later than six months after the expiration of the said time limit. 
 
 (Appeal against examiner's decisi on of dismissal of amendment) 
Article 45 
 (1) Any person who has received a decision of dismissal of amendments under Article 16-2(1) and 
is dissatisfied may file a request for appeal against the decision within three months from the date the transcript of the decision has been serv ed; provided, however, that this provision shall 
not apply where a new application for trademark re gistration provided in Article 17-3(1) of the 
Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17-2(1) of this Act is filed. 
 (2) Article 44(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a request for appeal under the preceding 
paragraph. 
 
 (Invalidation trial of trademark registration) 
Article 46 
 (1) Where a trademark registration falls under  any of the following items, a request for 
invalidation trial of the trademark registration may be filed; iIn this case, where the trademark has been registered in connection with two or mo re designated goods or designated services, a 
request may be filed for each of the designated goods or designated services: IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
- 25 - 
 
   (i) where the trademark registration has been made  in violation of Article 3, 4(1), 7-2(1), 8(1), 
8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 52-2(2)), 53(2) of this Act or Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 77(3) of this Act; 
 (ii) where the trademark registration has been made in violation of a treaty; 
 (iii) where the trademark registration has been made on an application for trademark 
registration filed by a person who has not succeeded the rights deriving from the application 
for trademark registration; 
 (iv) where, after the trademark registration, the holder of trademark right has become unable 
to enjoy the trademark right pursuant to Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 77(3) of this Act, or the trademark registration has become in 
violation of a treaty; 
 (v) where, after the trademark registration, th e registered trademark has become a trademark 
that falls under any of Articles 4(1)(i) to 4(1)(iii), 4(1)(v), 4(1)(vii) and 4(1)(xvi); and 
 (vi) where, after the trademark registration of a regionally based collective trademark, the 
holder of trademark right has ceased to be an Association, etc., or the registered trademark 
has ceased to be a trademark well known among consumers as that indicating goods or 
services in connection with the business of the holder of trademark right or its members, or 
ceases to fall under any of the items of Article 7-2(1). 
 (2) A request for a trial under the preceding paragraph may be filed even after the 
extinguishment of the trademark right. 
 (3) Where a request for a trial is filed under paragraph (1), the chief appeal examiner shall notify 
the holder of exclusive right to use in connection with the trademark right, and other persons who have any registered rights relating to the trademark registration. 
 
Article 46-2  (1) Where a trial decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be invalidated 
becomes final and binding, the trademark right shall be deemed never to have existed; 
provided, however, that where the trademark registra tion falls under any of items (iv) to (vi) of 
paragraph (1) of Article 46, and a trial decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be invalidated becomes final and binding, the trademark right shall be deemed not to have 
existed from the time any of items (iv) to (vi) of the said paragraph first became applicable to 
the trademark registration. 
 (2) In the case of the proviso to the preceding paragraph, where the time at which any of items 
(iv) to (vi) of Article 46(1) first became app licable to the trademark registration cannot be 
specified, the trademark right shall be deemed not to have existed from the date of registration 
of the request for invalidation trial of the said trademark registration. 
 
Article 47  (1) Where a trademark registration has been made in  violation of Article 3, 4(1)(viii), 4(1)(xi) to 
4(1)(xiv), 8(1), 8(2) or 8(5), where a trademark registration has been made in violation of 
Article 4(1)(x) or 4(1)(xvii) (excluding the case where a trademark has been registered for the 
purpose of unfair competition), where a trademark has been registered in violation of Article 4(1)(xv) (excluding the case where a trademark has been registered for unfair purposes), or 
where a trademark registration falls under Article 46(1)(iii), a request for a trial relating to the 
trademark registration under Article 46(1) may not be filed after a lapse of five years from the 
date of registration of the establishment of the trademark right. 
 (2) Where a trademark registration has been made in violation of Article 7-2(1) (limited to the 
case where the trademark was not well known, as a result of the use of the trademark, among consumers as that indicating goods or services in connection with the business of the applicant for the trademark registration or its members) and five years have lapsed from the date of 
registration of the establishment of the trademar k right, and further the registered trademark is 
well known among consumers as that indicating goods and services in connection with the business of the holder of trademark right or its members, a request for a trial pertaining to the 
trademark registration under Article 46(1) may not be filed. 
 Article 48 and Article 49 Deleted 
 
 (Cancellation trial) 
Article 50  (1) Where a registered trademark (including a trademark deemed identical from common sense 
perspective with the registered trademark, in cluding a trademark consisting of characters IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  identical with the registered trademark but in di fferent fonts, a trademark that is written in 
different characters, Hiragana characters, Katakana characters, or Latin alphabetic characters, from the registered trademark but identical with the registered trademark in terms of 
pronunciation and concept, and a trademark consisting of figures that are considered identical in 
terms of appearance as those of the registered trademark; hereinafter the same shall apply in 
this article) has not been used in Japan in connection with any of the designated goods and designated services for three consecutive years or longer by the holder of trademark right, the 
exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use, any person may file a request for a trial for 
rescission of such trademark registration in connection with the relevant designated goods or designated services. 
 (2) Where a request for a trial under the preceding paragraph is filed, unless the demandee 
proves that any of the holder of trademark right,  exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to 
use has used the registered trademark in Japan in connection with any of the designated goods or designated services pertaining to the request within three years prior to the registration of 
the request for the trial, the holder of trademark right may not prevent the rescission of the 
trademark registration in connection with the relevant designated goods or designated services; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the demandee shows just causes for non-use 
of the registered trademark in connection with the relevant designated goods or designated 
services.  
 (3) Where the registered trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated 
services pertaining to the request under paragraph (1) has been used in Japan by any of the 
holders of trademark right, exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use, during the 
period from three months prior to the filing of the request for a trial under paragraph (1) to the date of the registration of the filing of the request, and where the demandant proves that the 
registered trademark has been used after the user became aware of the fact that the said 
request for a trial would be filed, the use of th e registered trademark shall not fall under the use 
of the registered trademark provided in paragr aph (1); provided, however, that this shall not 
apply to the case where the demandee shows just causes for the use of the registered 
trademark. 
 Article 51 
 (1) Where a holder of trademark right intentionally uses, either a trademark similar to a 
registered trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated services, or a registered trademark in connection with goods or services similar to the designated goods or 
designated services or a trademark similar thereto, in a manner that misleads as to the quality 
of the goods or services or causes confusion in connection with the goods or services pertaining 
to a business of another person, any person may file a request for appeal/trial for rescission of 
the trademark registration. 
 (2) The previous holder of trademark right ma y not be granted a registration of the same 
trademark or of a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services for which the trademark registration has been rescinded, or in connection 
with goods or services similar thereto, until after a lapse of five years from the date the 
appeal/trial decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be rescinded under the preceding paragraph becomes final and binding. 
 
Article 52  
A request for appeal/trial under Article 51(1) may not be filed after the lapse of five years from 
the date on which the holder of trademark ri ght ceased to use the trademark in the manner 
provided in the said paragraph. 
 Article 52-2 
 (1) Where a trademark right to a similar registered trademark to be used in connection with 
identical goods or services, or a trademark right to an identical or similar registered trademark to be used in connection with similar goods or services becomes owned by a different holder of 
trademark right as a result of transfer of the trad emark right, if the holder of trademark right of 
one of the registered trademarks uses, for the purpose of unfair competition, the registered 
trademark for its designated goods or designated services in a manner that causes confusion in 
connection with the goods or services pertaining  to the business of the holder of trademark 
right, exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use of the other registered trademark, any person may file a request for appeal/trial for rescission of the trademark registration. 
 (2) Articles 51(2) and 52 shall apply mutatis mutandis to appeal/trial under the preceding 
paragraph. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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Article 53  (1) Where a holder of exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use uses a registered 
trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated services or in connection with 
goods or services similar thereto, or a trademark similar thereto, in a manner that misleads as 
to the quality of the goods or services or causes confusion in connection with the goods or services pertaining to the business of another person, any person may file a request for 
appeal/trial for rescission of the trademark registration; provided, however, that this shall not 
apply to the case where the holder of trademark right was not aware of the fact and using due care. 
 (2) The previous holder of trademark right, exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use 
who used the trademark in a manner provided in the preceding paragraph may not be granted a 
registration of the same trademark or of a tr ademark similar thereto in connection with the 
designated goods or designated services for which the trademark registration has been 
rescinded, or in connection with goods or services  similar thereto, until after the lapse of five 
years from the date the appeal/trial decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be rescinded under the preceding paragraph becomes final and binding. 
 (3) Article 52 shall apply mutatis mutandis to appeal/trial under paragraph (1). 
 Article 53-2  
Where a registered trademark is a trademark pertaining to a right to a trademark (limited to a 
right equivalent to a trademark right) held by a person in a country of the Union to the Paris 
Convention, a member of the World Trade Organiza tion or a Contracting Party to the Trademark 
Law Treaty or a trademark similar thereto, and the designated goods or designated services 
thereof are goods or services pertaining to the sa id right or goods or services similar thereto, 
and further, the application for trademark regist ration was filed without the approval of the 
person who has the right pertaining to the tradem ark, without a just cause, by his/her agent or 
representative or by his/her former agent or re presentative within one year prior to the filing 
date of the trademark registration, the person who has the right pertaining to the trademark may file a request for appeal/trial for rescission of the trademark registration. 
 
Article 53-3  
A request for appeal/trial under Article 53-2 may not be filed after the lapse of five years from 
the date on which the establishment of the trademark right has been registered. 
 
Article 54  (1) Where appeal/trial decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be rescinded 
becomes final and binding, the trademark right shall become extinguished thereafter. 
 (2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, wher e appeal/trial decision to the effect that the 
trademark registration is to be rescinded becomes final and binding by appeal/trial under Article 50(1), the trademark right shall be deemed to have become extinguished on the date of 
registration of the request for appeal/trial under the said paragraph. 
 Article 55  
The provision of Article 46(3) shall apply muta tis mutandis to the case where a request for 
appeal/trial is filed under Article 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 53(1) or 53-2. 
 
 (Special provisions on appeal agai nst examiner's decision of refusal) 
Article 55-2  (1) The provisions of Articles 15-2 and 15-3 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where 
reasons for refusal that are different from those contained in the examiner's decision are found 
in the appeal under Article 44(1). 
 (2) The provision of Article 16 shall apply mutatis mutandis where a request for appeal/trial under 
Article 44(1) is found to have reasonable grounds; provided, however, that this provision shall 
not apply where appeal/trial decision to the effect that a further examination is to be carried out 
under Article 160(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act is rendered. 
 (3) The provisions of Article 16-2 of this Act an d Article 17-3 of the Design Act shall apply mutatis 
mutandis to appeal/trial under Article 44(1) of this Act. In this case, the term "three months" in Article 16-2(3) of this Act and Article 17-3(1) of the Design Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "thirty days" and the term "files a request for appeal/trial under Article 45(1)" in Article 16-
2(4) shall be deemed to be replaced with "institutes an action under Article 63(1)." IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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 (Scope of final and bind ing appeal/trial decision) 
Article 55-3  
appeal/trial decision shall become final and binding for each appeal/trial case; provided, 
however, that the appeal/trial decision of a request for appeal/trial under Article 46(1) of this Act 
filed for each designated goods or designated services shall become final and binding for each designated goods or designated services. 
 
 (Application mutatis mutandis of provisions of the Patent Act) 
Article 56  (1) The provisions of Articles 131(1), 131-2(1)(excluding items (ii) and (iii)), 132 to 133-2, 
134(1), 134(3), 134(4), 135 to 154, 155(1), 155(2), 156(1), 156(3), 156(4), 157, 158, 160(1), 
160(2), 161, 167, 168 to 170 (effect of appeal/trial decision, request for appeal/trial, appeal examiner, appeal/trial procedures in relation to litigation, and costs of appeal/trial) of the Patent 
Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to appeal/trial. In this case, the term "ground for the request 
as provided in paragraph (1) item (iii) of the pr eceding Article in the course of filing a request 
for appeal/trial other than invalidation trial, or in  the event that approval is granted by the chief 
appeal examiner under the following paragraph" in Article131-2(1) of the Patent Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "ground for the request as provided in Article 131(1)(iii) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act in the course of filing a request for appeal/trial other than appeal /trial under Article 46(1) of the Trademark Act", 
the term "invalidation trial or invalidation trial of the registration of extension of duration" in 
Articles 132(1) and 167 of the Patent Act and the term "invalidation trial and a invalidation trial of the registration of extension of duration" in Ar ticles 145(1) and 169(1) of the Patent Act shall 
be deemed to be replaced with "appeal/trial under Article 46(1), 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 53(1) or 
53-2 of the Trademark Act", the term "a party in  t h e  c a s e  o r  a n  i n t e r v e n e r  i n  t h e  c a s e "  i n  
Article 139(i), (ii) and (v) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "a party in the 
case, an intervener in the case, or an opponent to the registration in the case", the term "a 
party in the case or an intervener in the case" in Article 139(iii) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "a party in the case, an intervener in the case or an opponent to the registration in the case", the term ", in appeal/trial other than invalidation trial, notify" in 
Article 156(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "notify" , the term "appeal 
against the examiner's decision of refusal" in Ar ticle 161 of the Patent Act and " appeal against 
an examiner's decision of refusal and correction trial" in Article 169(3) of the Patent Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "appeal/trial under Article 44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act", 
and the term "the decision in another appeal/tri al" in Article 168(1) of the Patent Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "decision on the opposi tion to registration or appeal/trial decision in 
another appeal/trial." 
 (2) The provisions of Article 155(3) (Withdrawal of request for appeal/trial) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to appeal/trial under Article 46(1) of this Act. 
 
 (Mutatis mutandis application of the Design Act) 
Article 56-2   
The provision of Article 51 of the Design Act sh all apply mutatis mutandis to appeal/trial under 
Article 45(1) of this Act. 
 
CHAPTER 6 RETRIAL AND LITIGATION 
 
 (Request for retrial) 
Article 57  (1) A party or intervener in the case may file a request for a retrial against a final and binding 
rescission decision or a final and binding appeal/trial decision. 
 (2) The provisions of Articles 338(1), 338(2) and 339 (grounds for retrial) of the Code of Civil 
Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a request for appeal/trial under 
the preceding paragraph. 
 Article 58 
 (1) Where the demandant of appeal/trial in conspiracy with the demandee has caused appeal/trial 
decision to be rendered for the purpose of harm ing the right or interest of a third party, the 
third party may file a request for a retrial agai nst the final and binding appeal/trial decision. 
 (2) A request for a retrial under the preceding paragraph shall be filed against the demandant and 
the demandee in the appeal/trial as joint demandees. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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 (Limitations of effects of tradem ark right restored by a retrial) 
Article 59  
Where a trademark right pertaining to a rescinded or invalidated trademark registration has 
been restored by a retrial, the trademark right sh all have no effect on any of the following acts: 
 (i) the use of the registered trademark in good faith in connection with the designated goods or 
designated services after the rescission decision or appeal/trial decision became final and 
binding but before the registration of the request for a retrial; and 
 (ii) the acts listed in each of the items in Article 37 committed in good faith after the rescission 
decision or appeal/trial decision became final and binding but before the registration of the request for a retrial. 
 
Article 60  (1) Where a trademark right pertaining to a rescinded or invalidated trademark registration has 
been restored by a retrial or, where the establishment of a trademark right with respect to an 
application for trademark registration refused by appeal/trial decision has been registered through a retrial, and where a person, after the rescission decision or appeal/trial decision 
becomes final and binding but before the registration of a request for a retrial, uses the 
registered trademark or a trademark similar ther eto in Japan in good faith in connection with 
the designated goods or designated services or in connection with goods or services similar thereto, and as a result, such trademark has become well known among consumers as that 
indicating goods or services pertaining to the bu siness of the person at the time of registration 
of the filing of a request for a retrial, the pers on shall have the right to use the trademark in 
connection with such goods or services as far as the said person continuously uses the 
trademark for such goods or services. The same shall apply to those by whom such business is 
succeeded. 
 (2) The provision of Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding paragraph. 
 
 (Mutatis mutandis application of provisions concerning appeal/trial) 
Article 60-2  (1) The provisions of Articles 43-3, 43-5 to 43-9 and 43-12 to 43-15 of this Act, Article 131(1), 
the main clause of Article 131-2(1), 132(3), 154, 155(1) and 156(1), 156(3), 156(4) of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act, and Article 155(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Articles 56(2) of this Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a final and binding rescission decision. 
 (2) The provision of Article 55-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a final and 
binding appeal/trial decision on appeal/trial under Article 44(1). 
 (3) The provisions of Articles 55-3 and 56-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a 
final and binding appeal/trial decision on appeal/trial under Article 45(1). 
 (4) The provision of Article 55-3 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a final and 
binding appeal/trial decision on appeal/trial under Article 46(1), Article 50(1), Article 51(1), 
Article 52-2(1), Article 53(1) or Article 53-2. 
 
 (Application mutatis mutandis of provisions of the Patent Act) 
Article 61  
The provisions of Article 173 (Time limit for request for retrial) and Articles 174(2) and 174(4) 
(Application mutatis mutandis of provisions regarding appeal/trial, etc.) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to a request for a retrial. In this case, the term "appeal/trial decision" in 
paragraphs (1) and (3) to (5) of Article 173 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "rescission decision or appeal/trial decision",  the term "Article 167 to 168" in Article 174(2) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 167, 168", the term "invalidation 
trial or invalidation trial of the registration of extension of the duration" in Article 174(2) of the 
Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with " appeal/trial under Article 46(1), 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 53(1) or 53-2 of the Trademark Act". 
 
 (Mutatis mutandis application of the Design Act) 
Article 62 
 (1) The provision of Article 58(2) (Mutatis mutandis application of provisions concerning 
appeal/trial) of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a final and binding appeal/trial decision on appeal/trial under Article 44(1) of this Act. In this case, the term "the main clause of Article 167-2, 168" in Article 58(2) of the Design Act shall be deemed to be 
replaced with "Article 168." IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) The provision of Article 58(3) of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial 
against a final and binding appeal/trial decision on appeal/trial under Article 45(1) of this Act. In this case, the term "the main clause of Article 167-2, 168" in Article 58(3) of the Design Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 168." 
 
 (Actions against appeal/trial decisions, etc.) 
Article 63 
 (1) The Tokyo High Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any action against a rescission 
decision or appeal/trial decision, an action against a ruling to dismiss an amendment under Article 16-2(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 55-2(3) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60-2(2)) and an action against a ruling to 
dismiss a written opposition or a written request for appeal/trial or retrial. 
 (2) The provisions of paragraphs (2) to (6) of Article 178 (time limit for institution of action, etc.), 
179 to 182 (appropriate party as defendant, notice of institution of action, opinion of the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office in litigation rescinding the appeal/trial decision, rescission of 
the appeal/trial decision or ruling and delivery of  original copy, etc. of judgment) of the Patent 
Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the actions under the preceding paragraph. In this case, the 
term "the appeal/trial" in Article 178(2) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 
"the examination or appeal/trial of the opposition to registration", the term "invalidation trial or 
invalidation trial of the registration of extensio n of the during" in Article 179 of the Patent Act 
shall be deemed to be replaced with "appeal/trial under Article 46(1), 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 
53(1) or 53-2 of the Trademark Act." 
 
 (Relationship between objection and litigation) 
Article 63-2  
The provision of Article 184-2 (Relationship between (administrative) objection and litigation) 
of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to an action demanding the rescission of 
measures (excluding measures provided in Article 77(7)) imposed by this Act or an order 
thereunder.  
 
CHAPTER 7 DEFENSIVE MARK 
 
 (Requirements for defensive mark registration) 
Article 64 
 (1) Where a registered trademark pertaining to goods is well known among consumers as that 
indicating the designated goods in connection with  the business of a holder of trademark right, 
the holder of trademark right may, where th e use by another person of the registered 
trademark in connection with goods other than  the designated goods pertaining to the 
registered trademark or goods similar thereto or in connection with services other than those similar to the designated goods is likely to cause confusion between the said other person's goods or services and the designated goods pertaining to his/her own business, obtain a 
defensive mark registration for the mark identical with the registered trademark in connection 
with the goods or services for which the likelihood of confusion exists. 
 (2) Where a registered trademark pertaining to services is well known among consumers as that 
indicating the designated services in connection with the business of a holder of trademark 
right, the holder of trademark right may, where the use by another person of the registered trademark in connection with services other than  the designated services pertaining to the 
registered trademark or services similar thereto or in connection with goods other than those 
similar to the designated services is likely to cause confusion between the said other person's services or goods and the designated services pertaining to his/her own business, obtain a defensive mark registration for the mark identical with the registered trademark in connection 
with the services or goods for which the likelihood of confusion exists. 
 (3) For the purpose of the application of the preceding two paragraphs in relation to defensive 
mark registrations pertaining to a trademark right pertaining to a regionally based collective 
trademark, the term "his/her own" in the said paragraphs shall be deemed to be replaced with 
"its own or its members' ." 
 
 (Conversion of application) 
Article 65  (1) An applicant for trademark registration may convert an application for trademark registration 
into an application for defensive mark registration. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) The conversion of an application under the preceding paragraph may not be made after the 
examiner's decision or the appeal/trial decision on the application for trademark registration becomes final and binding. 
 (3) The provisions of Articles 10(2), 10(3) and 11(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the 
conversion of an application under paragraph (1). 
 
 (Duration of right based on defensive mark registration) 
Article 65-2 
 (1) The duration of a right based on defensive ma rk registration shall expire after ten years from 
the date of registration of the establishment of such right. 
 (2) The duration of a right based on defensive mark registration may be renewed by filing an 
application for registration of renewal; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the case 
where the registered defensive mark becomes unregistrable as a defensive mark pursuant to Article 64. 
 
 (Registration of renewal of duration of ri ght based on defensive mark registration) 
Article 65-3 
 (1) A person filing an application for registration  of renewal of the duration of a right based on 
defensive mark registration shall submit to the Commissioner of the Patent Office an application stating the following matters:  (i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant; 
 (ii) the registration number of the defensive mark registration; and 
 (iii) in addition to those listed in the precedin g two items, matters provided by Ordinance of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 (2) An application for registration of renewal shal l be filed during the period from six months prior 
to the expiration of the duration of the right base d on defensive mark registration to the date of 
expiration thereof. 
 (3) Where a person filing an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based 
on defensive mark registration has justifiable reasons for having been unable to file the application for registration of renewal within the time limit for such application pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the person may file such ap plication within two months from the date on 
which the reasons ceased to exist but not later th an six months after the expiration of the said 
time limit. 
 (4) Where an application for registration of rene wal of the duration of a right based on defensive 
mark registration is filed, the duration shall be deemed to have been renewed upon expiration of 
the duration (where an application is filed under  the preceding paragraph, upon filing of the 
application); provided, however, that this shal l not apply to the case where the examiner's 
decision or appeal/trial decision to the effect that the application is to be refused becomes final 
and binding or the renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark registration is 
registered. 
 
Article 65-4 
 (1) Where an application for registration of rene wal of the duration of a right based on defensive 
mark registration falls under any of the following items, the examiner shall render a decision to 
the effect that the application is to be refused: 
 (i) the registered defensive mark pertaining to application is filed becomes unregistrable as a 
defensive mark pursuant to Article 64; and 
 (ii) the applicant is not a person who has the right based on the defensive mark registration. 
 (2) Where no reasons for refusal are found in connection with an application for registration of 
renewal of the duration of a right based on de fensive mark registration, the examiner shall 
render a decision to the effect that the renewal is to be registered. 
 
Article 65-5  
The provisions of Articles 14 and 15-2 of this Ac t and Articles 48 (Exclusion of examiners) and 
52 (Formal requirements for examination) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an 
examination of an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark registration. 
 
 (Registration of renewal of duration of right based on defensive mark registration) 
Article 65-6  (1) Where a registration fee under Article 65-7(2) is paid, the renewal of the duration of the right 
based on defensive mark registration shall be registered. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) Upon registration under the preceding paragr aph, the following matters shall be published in 
the trademark bulletin:  (i) the name and the domicile or residence of the person who has the right based on defensive 
mark registration; 
 (ii) the registration number and the date of registration of renewal; and 
 (iii) other necessary matters in addition to those listed in the preceding two items. 
 
 (Registration fees) 
Article 65-7  (1) A person obtaining a registration of establishment of a right based on defensive mark 
registration shall pay as a registration fee for each defensive mark registration the amount of 
37,600 yen multiplied by the number of classes. 
 (2) A person obtaining a registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive 
mark registration shall pay as a registration fee for each defensive mark registration the amount 
of 41,800 yen multiplied by the number of classes. 
 (3) The provisions of paragraphs (3) to (5) of Article 40 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the 
preceding two paragraphs. 
 
 (Time limit for payment of registration fee) 
Article 65-8  (1) A registration fee under Article 65-7(1) sha ll be paid within 30 days from the service of a 
transcript of the examiner's decision or the appeal /trial decision to the effect that a defensive 
mark is to be registered. 
 (2) A registration fee under Article 65-7(2) sha ll be paid within 30 days from the service of a 
transcript of the examiner's decision or the appeal/t rial decision to the effect that the renewal of 
the duration of the right based on defensive mark  registration is to be registered (where the 
service is made prior to the expiration of the duration of the right based on defensive mark 
registration, the date of expiration of the duration). 
 (3) The Commissioner of the Patent Office may extend the period of time provided in the 
preceding two paragraphs by a maximum of 30 days upon the request of a person who is required to pay the registration fee. 
 
 (Payment of registration f ees by interested persons) 
Article 65-9 
 (1) Any interested person may make the payment of the registration fee under Article 65-7(1) or 
65-7(2) even against the intention of the person by whom the said fee is to be paid. 
 (2) The interested person who makes the payment of the registration fee under the preceding 
paragraph may request the person by whom the said payment was to be paid to reimburse the 
expense thereof to the extent that the said person receives actual benefits therefrom. 
 
 (Refund of registration fee pa id in excess or in error) 
Article 65-10 
 (1) A registration fee under Article 65-7(1) or 65-7( 2) paid in excess or in error shall be refunded 
upon the request of the person that paid them. 
 (2) No refund of a registration fee may be requested under the preceding paragraph after the 
lapse of one year from the date of payment. 
 
 (Incidental nature of right base d on defensive mark registration) 
Article 66  (1) The right based on defensive mark registration shall become extinguished when the 
trademark right relating thereto is divided. 
 (2) When a trademark right is transferred, the ri ght based on defensive mark registration shall be 
transferred with the trademark right relating thereto. 
 (3) When a trademark right becomes extinguished, the right based on defensive mark registration 
relating thereto shall become extinguished. 
 (4) Where a trademark right is deemed to have become extinguished under Article 20(4), the 
effects of the right based on defensive mark re gistration pertaining to the trademark right 
restored under Article 21(2) may not extend to the acts provided in each of the items of 
Article 67 committed during the period after the expiration of the time limit for the filing of an application for registration of renewal provided in Article 20(3) but before the registration of 
renewal of the duration of the trademark right by an application under Article 21(1). 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (Acts deemed to constitute infringement) 
Article 67   
The following acts shall be deemed to constitute infringement of a trademark right or an 
exclusive right to use: 
 (i) the use of the registered defensive mark in connection with the designated goods or 
designated services; 
 (ii) the possession for the purpose of assignment, delivery or export of the designated goods 
affixed with the registered defensive mark on the goods or their packages; 
 (iii) the possession or importation of articles affixed with a registered defensive mark, that are 
used in the course of the provision of designat ed services by a person who receives the said 
services, for the purpose of the provision of the said services through use of the said articles; 
 (iv) the assignment, delivery, or possession or importation for the purpose of assignment or 
delivery of articles affixed with a registered defensive mark, that are used in the course of the provision of designated services by a person who receives the said services, for the purpose 
of causing the provision of the said services through use of the said articles; 
 (v) the possession of articles indicating a registered defensive mark, for the purpose of using 
the registered defensive mark in connection with the designated goods or designated 
services; 
 (vi) the assignment, delivery, or possession fo r the purpose of assignment or delivery, of 
articles indicating a registered defensive ma rk, for the purpose of causing the registered 
defensive mark to be used in connection with the designated goods or designated services; 
and 
 (vii) the manufacture or importation of articles indicating a registered defensive mark, for the 
purpose of using the registered defensive mark or causing the registered defensive mark to 
be used in connection with the designated goods or designated services. 
 
 (Mutatis mutandis application of provisions concerning trademarks) 
Article 68 
 (1) The provisions of Articles 5, 5-2, 6(1), 6(2), 9-2 to 10, 12-2, 13(1), and 13-2 shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to an application for defensive mark registration. In this case, the term "(iii) the designated goods or designated services and the class of the goods or services provided by 
Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2)" in Article 5(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 
"(iii) the designated goods or designated serv ices and the class of the goods or services 
provided by Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2), (iv) the registration number of the 
trademark registration pertaining to the application for defensive mark registration," the term 
"(iv) the designated goods or designated services are not stated" in Article 5-2(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with "(iv) the designated  goods or designated services are not stated, 
(v) the registration number of the trademark registration pertaining to the application for 
defensive mark registration is not stated" and the term "Article 37" in Article 13-2(5) shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 67 (e xcept the part pertaining to item (i))." 
 (2) The provisions of Articles 14 to 15-2 and 16 to 17-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the 
examination of an application for defensive mark registration. In this case, the term "Articles 3, 
4(1), 7-2(1), 8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 52-2(2)), 53(2)" in Article 15(i) shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 64." 
 (3) The provisions of Article 18, 26 to 28-2, 32 to 33-3, 35, 38-2 and 69 of this Act and 
Article 104-3(1), (2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 39 of this Act shall apply to a right based on defensive mark registration. In this case, the term "the 
registration fee under Article 40(1) or the regist ration fee due and payable within thirty days 
from the date of service of a transcript of the exam iner's decision or appeal/trial decision to the 
effect that the trademark is to be registered pursuant to Article 41-2(1)" in Article 18(2) shall be deemed to be replaced with "the registration fee under Article 65-7(1)." 
 (4) The provisions of Articles 43-2 to 45, 46 (except paragraph (1)(vi)), 46-2, 53-2, 53-3, 54(1) 
and 55-2 to 56-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an opposition to registration and appeal/trial pertaining to defensive mark registration. In this case, the term "Articles 3, 4(1), 7-2(1), 8(1), 
8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 52-
2(2)), 53(2)" in Articles 43-2(i) and 46(1)(i) shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 64" and the term "where ... the registered trademark has become a trademark that falls under any 
of Articles 4(1)(i) to 4(1)(iii), 4(1)(v), 4(1)(vii) and 4(1)(xvi)" in Article 46(1)(v) shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "where ... the tr ademark registration becomes in violation of 
Article 64." 
 (5) The provisions of Articles 57 to 63-2 shall apply to a retrial and litigation pertaining to 
defensive mark registration. In this case, th e term "each of the items in Article 37" in IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  Article 59(ii) shall be deemed to be replaced with "items (ii) to (vii) of Article 67," the term "a 
trademark right pertaining to ... trademark registration" in Article 60 shall be deemed to be replaced with "a right based on defensive mark registration in connection with ... defensive mark registration," the term "an application for trademark registration" in the same article shall 
be deemed to be replaced with "an application for the registration of a defensive mark or an 
application for the registration of a defensive mark or an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark  registration," the term "the establishment of 
a trademark right ... has been registered" in the same article shall be deemed to be replaced 
with "the establishment of a right based on defensive mark registration or the renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark regi stration ... has been registered" and the term 
"the registered trademark or a trademark simila r thereto ... in connection with the designated 
goods or designated services or in connection with goods or services similar thereto" in the 
same article shall be deemed to be replaced wi th "a trademark identical with the registered 
defensive mark." 
 
CHAPTER 7-2 SPECIAL PROVISIONS UNDE R THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE 
MADRID AGREEMENT 
Section 1 Application for international registration 
 
 (Application for international registration) 
Article 68-2  
 (1) A Japanese national or a foreign national domiciled or resident (or, in the case of a juridical 
person, with a place of business) in Japan who desires to obtain an international registration (hereinafter referred to as an "application for inte rnational registration") provided in Article 2(1) 
of the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of 
Marks adopted at Madrid on June 27, 1989 (hereinafter referred to as the "Protocol") shall file with the Commissioner of the Patent Office an  application (hereinafter referred to as an 
"application for international registration") pursuant  to Article 2(2) of the Protocol based on any 
of the following items; in this case, where requir ements provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of 
Economy, Trade and Industry are applicable, two or more persons may jointly file the application for international registration: 
 (i) the application for trademark registration or application for defensive mark registration of 
the applicant that is pending before the Patent Office (hereinafter referred to as the "application for trademark registration, etc."); or 
 (ii) the trademark registration or defensive mark registration of the applicant (hereinafter 
referred to as the "trademark registration, etc."). 
 (2) Any person who desires to file an application for international registration shall submit the 
prescribed application and required documents in foreign language pursuant to Ordinance of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 (3) The application shall state the following matters: 
 (i) the name(s) of the Contracting Party to the Protocol in which the protection of the 
trademark pertaining to the application for international registration is sought; and 
 (ii) the goods or services in connection with which the protection of the trademark pertaining to 
the application for international registration is sought and the class of the goods and services 
provided by Cabinet Order in Article 6(2). 
 (4) Any person who desires to apply Article 3(3) of the Protocol in connection with a trademark or 
a mark pertaining to the application for international registration shall state in the application a 
statement indicating thereof and the color or the combination of colors claimed and append to 
the application copies of the trademark or mark  pertaining to the application for trademark 
registration, etc., in color, or of the registered trademark or registered defensive mark in color. 
 
Article 68-3 
 (1) The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall send the application for international registration 
and the required documents to the International Bureau provided in Article 2(1) of the Protocol 
(hereinafter referred to as the "International Bureau"). 
 (2) In the case of the preceding paragraph,  where the matters stated in the application 
correspond to the matters stated in the basic application for trademark registration, etc. or in 
the basic trademark registration, etc., the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall state in the 
application the fact thereof and the date of receipt of the application for international registration. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (3) In the case of paragraph (1), the Commissioner of the Patent Office sha ll send to the applicant 
of the application for international registration a copy of the application for international registration sent to the International Bureau. 
 
 (Subsequent designation) 
Article 68-4  
The registered holder of international registration may present to the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office, pursuant to Ordinance of the Mini stry of Economy, Trade and Industry, a request 
for territorial extension provided in Article 3ter of the Protocol (hereinafter referred to as "territorial extension") subsequent to the international registration (hereinafter referred to as the "subsequent designation.") 
 
 (Application for renewal of the dura tion of international registration) 
Article 68-5  
The registered holder of international registration may file with the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office, pursuant to Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, an application for renewal of the duration of international registration provided in Article 7(1) of the 
Protocol (hereinafter referred to as "renewal of the duration of international registration"). 
 
 (Request for recording of change in th e ownership of international registration) 
Article 68-6 
 (1) The registered holder or transferee of intern ational registration may, pursuant to Ordinance of 
the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, pres ent to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a 
request for the recording of a change in the ownership of an international registration, as 
provided in Article 9 of the Protocol (hereinafter referred to as "change in the ownership of 
international registration"). 
 (2) The request provided in the preceding paragraph may be made for each of the goods or 
services listed in the international registration or for each of the Contracting Parties in which the 
international registration has effect. 
 
 (Mutatis mutandis application of provis ions concerning application for trademark 
registration) 
Article 68-7  
Article 17(3) (limited to the part pertaining to item (iii)) and Article 18(1) of the Patent Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 77(2) of this Act, shall apply mutatis mutandis to 
the application for international registration, subsequent designation, an application for the renewal of the duration of international registra tion and a request for the recording of a change 
in the ownership of international registration. 
 
 (Delegation to Ordinance of the Mini stry of Economy, Trade and Industry) 
Article 68-8  
In addition to the provisions of Articles 68- 2 to 68-7, details of matters relating to the 
application for international registration, subsequent designation, an application for renewal of the duration of international registration and a request for the recording of a change in the 
ownership of international registration required for the implementation of the Protocol and the 
regulations thereunder shall be provided by Or dinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and 
Industry. 
 
Section 2 Special Provisions pertaini ng to International Application for 
Trademark Registration 
 
 (Application for trademark registration ba sed on request for territorial extension) 
Article 68-9  
 (1) Any request for territorial extension to designate Japan shall be deemed to be an application 
for trademark registration filed on the date of international registration provided in Article 3(4) 
of the Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the "date of international registration"); provided, 
however, that in the case of subsequent design ation, such request shall be deemed to be an 
application for trademark registration filed on the date on which the subsequent designation 
pertaining to the international registration pursuant to Article 3ter(2) of the Protocol(hereinafter referred to as the "date of subsequent designation") is recorded in the International Register of the International Bureau provided in Article 2(1)  (hereinafter referred to as the "International 
Register"). IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) Matters stated in the left column of the following table contained in the International Register 
pertaining to the international registration designating Japan shall be deemed to be the matters stated in the right column of the said table contained in the application submitted pursuant to Article 5(1). 
 
The name and the domicile or residence of the 
registered holder of international registration The name and the domicile or residence of the 
applicant for trademark registration 
The trademark subject to international registration The trademark for which registration is sought 
The goods or services listed in the 
international registration and the class of the 
goods or services The designated goods or designated services 
and the class of the goods or services provided 
by Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 
6(2); 
 
 (Special provisions concerning time of f iling of international application for trademark 
registration) 
Article 68-10 
 (1) Where a registered trademark (hereinafter in this article referred to as a "registered 
trademark based on international registration") pertaining to the request for territorial extension 
which is deemed to have been an application for trademark registration pursuant to Article 68-
9(1) (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as an "international application for trademark registration") is identical with the registered  trademark prior to the trademark registration 
(except registered trademarks based on internatio nal registration, hereinafter referred to in this 
article as a "registered trademark based on nation al registration") and the designated goods or 
designated services pertaining to the registered  trademark based on international registration 
overlap with the designated goods or designated  services based on national registration, and 
further the holder of trademark right of the registered trademark based on international 
registration is identical with the holder of trademark right of the registered trademark based on national registration, the international application for trademark registration shall be deemed to 
have been filed on the date of filing of the ap plication for trademark registration pertaining to 
the registered trademark based on national regi stration to the extent of the scope which is 
overlapping. 
 (2) The provisions of paragraphs (3) and (4) of Article 68-32 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the 
international application for trademark regi stration under the preceding paragraph. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning time of filing of application) 
Article 68-11  
For the purpose of application of Article 9(2) to an international application for trademark 
registration, the term "at the time of filing of the application for trademark registration" in the 
said paragraph shall be replaced with "within thirty days from the date of the international 
application for trademark registration." 
 
 (Special provisions concerning division of application) 
Article 68-12  
Article 10 shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning  conversion of application) 
Article 68-13  
Articles 11 and 65 shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning matters to be contained in the trademark bulletin 
pertaining to laying open of application) 
Article 68-14  
For the purpose of application of Article 12-2(2)  to the international application for trademark 
registration, the term "the number and date of the application for trademark registration" in item (ii) of the said paragraph shall be replaced with "the number and the date of the 
international registration (in the case of the international application for trademark registration 
pertaining to the subsequent designation, the date of subsequent designation)." 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (Special provisions concerning proceedings  for priority claim governed by the Paris 
Convention, etc.) 
Article 68-15  (1) The provisions of paragraphs (1) to (4) of  Article 43 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis upon reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 13(1) of this Act shall not 
apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 (2) For the purpose of application of Article 43(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 43-2(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the 
specified terms in accordance with Article 13(1) of this Act to the international application for trademark registration, the portion "at the time of filing of the patent application" in the said 
paragraph shall be replaced with "within thirty days from the date of the international 
application for trademark registration." 
 
 (Special provisions concerning the righ t deriving from app lication for trademark 
registration) 
Article 68-16  (1) For the purpose of application of Article 34(4) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 13(2) of this Act to the international application for trademark registration, 
the portion ", except in the case of general succession including inheritance, without the Commissioner of the Patent Office." in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "without notification to the International Bureau." 
 (2) The provisions of paragraphs (5) to (7) of  Article 34 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 13(2) of this Act shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Treatment of international application fo r trademark registration in the case of 
change in the ownership of international registration) 
Article 68-17  
Where all or some of the goods or services list ed in the international registration are divided 
and transferred as a result of a change in the ownership of international registration, the international application for trademark registration shall be deemed to have become applications 
for trademark registration with respect to each  of the registered holders after the change. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning new application for trademark as amended) 
Article 68-18 
 (1) Article 17-3 of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17-2(1) or 55-
2(3) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60-2(2)) of this 
Act shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 (2) Article 17-4 of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17-2(2) of this 
Act shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning registrati on of establishment of trademark right) 
Article 68-19  (1) For the purpose of application of Article 18(2) to the international application for trademark 
registration, the term "where the registration f ee under Article 40(1) or the registration fee due 
and payable within thirty days from the date of service of a transcript of an examiner's decision 
or a appeal/trial decision to the effect that the trademark is to be registered under Article 41-
2(1) is paid" in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "where the communication is made by 
the International Bureau notifying that the pa yment of the individual fee in the amount 
prescribed in Article 68-30(1)(ii) has been recorded in the International Register." 
 (2) For the purpose of application of Article 18(3) to the international application for trademark 
registration, in item (ii) of the said paragraph the portion "the number and date of the 
application for trademark registration" shall be replaced with "the number and the date of international registration (in the case of the international application for trademark registration 
pertaining to the subsequent designation, the date of subsequent designation)" and in item (v) 
of the said paragraph the portion "the registration number and the date of registration of establishment" shall be replaced with "the number of international registration and the date of 
registration of the establishment." 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (Effect of the lapse of international registration) 
Article 68-20  (1) Where all or a portion of the international registration on which the international application 
for trademark registration is based has lapsed, the international application for trademark 
registration shall be deemed to have been withdrawn in respect of all or the portion of the 
designated goods or designated services that have lapsed. 
 (2) Where all or a portion of the international registration on which the international registration is 
based has lapsed, the trademark right based on such international registration the 
establishment of which has been registered und er Article 18(2) as applied upon reading the 
specified terms in accordance with Article 68-19(1) (hereinafter referred to as the "trademark right based on international registration") shall be deemed to have lapsed in respect of all or the 
portion of the designated goods or designated services that have lapsed. 
 (3) The preceding two paragraphs shall take effect as of the date the international registration 
lapses in the International Register. 
 
 (Duration of trademark right base d on international registration) 
Article 68-21 
 (1) The duration of a trademark right based on international registration shall expire after ten 
years from the date of the international registration (where the duration of the international registration has been renewed prior to the regi stration of the establishment of the trademark 
right, the date of most recent renewal). 
 (2) The duration of a trademark right based on international registration may be renewed based 
on the renewal of the duration of the international registration. 
 (3) Where the duration of international registra tion is renewed, the duration of the trademark 
right based on international registration shall be renewed at the time of expiration of the 
duration. 
 (4) Where the duration of international registration is not renewed, the trademark right based on 
international registration shall be deemed to have extinguished retroactively at the time of 
expiration of the duration. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning regi stration of renewal of duration) 
Article 68-22 
 (1) Articles 19 to 22, 23(1) and 23(2) shall not apply to a trademark right based on international 
registration. 
 (2) For the purpose of application of Article 23(3) relating to a trademark right based on 
international registration, the portion "registration as set forth under the preceding two paragraphs" in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "renewal of the duration of 
international registration" and the portion "the registration number and the date of registration 
of renewal" in item (ii) of the said paragraph shall be replaced with "the number of international registration and the date of renewal of the duration of international registration." 
 
 (Special provisions concerning  division of trademark right) 
Article 68-23   
Article 24 shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration. 
 
 (Special provisions pertaining to tr ansfer of collective trademark right) 
Article 68-24 
 (1) A collective trademark right based on international registration may not be transferred, unless 
the document provided in Article 7(3) is submitted. 
 (2) Article 24-3 shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning  waiver of trademark right) 
Article 68-25  (1) The holder of trademark right based on international registration may abandon the trademark 
right. 
 (2) Article 97(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35 of this Act 
shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning effect s of registration of trademark right) 
Article 68-26  (1) A transfer, extinguishment by waiver or restriction on disposition of a trademark right based 
on international registration shall have no effect unless registered. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (2) Articles 98(1)(i) and 98(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the 
specified terms in accordance with Article 35 of this Act shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning regi stration in the Trademark Registry) 
Article 68-27  (1) For the purpose of application of Article 71( 1)(i) to a trademark right based on international 
registration, the term "the establishment, renewal of the duration, division, transfer, 
modification, extinguishment, restoration or restriction on disposition of a trademark right" in the said item shall be replaced with "the establishment, modification due to trust or restriction on disposition of a trademark right." 
 (2) The renewal of the duration, the transfer, th e modification (excluding a modification due to 
trust) or the extinction of a trademark right based on international registration shall have effect in accordance with that registration in the International Register. 
 
 (Special provisions concerni ng amendment of proceedings) 
Article 68-28 
 (1) Any amendment to the designated goods or designated services stated in the international 
application for trademark registration may be made only within the time limit designated in Article 15-2 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 55-2(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60-2(2))) or Article 15-
3 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 55-2(1) (including 
cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60-2(2))). 
 (2) Article 68-40 shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 
 (Extra provisions relating to special prov isions on trademark right covering two or 
more designated goods or designated services) 
Article 68-29   
For the purpose of the application of Article 69 relating to a trademark right based on 
international registration, the portion "20(4) or 33(1) of this Act, Article 97(1) or 98(1)(i) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35 of this Act" in Article 69 shall be 
replaced with "33(1), 68-25(1) or 68-26(1)" and th e term "Article 71(1)(i)" in Article 69 shall be 
replaced with "71(1)(i) as applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 68-27(1), 68-27(2)." 
 
 (Individual fee for trademark right based on international registration) 
Article 68-30 
 (1) Any person who desires to obtain a registration of establishment of a trademark right based 
on international registration shall pay to the International Bureau, as the individual fee provided in Article 8(7)(a) of the Protocol (hereinafter  referred to as the "individual fee") for each 
registration in the following amounts: 
 (i) the amount equivalent to 2,700 yen plus 8, 600 yen for each class of the goods and services; 
and 
 (ii) the amount equivalent to 37,600 yen multiplied by the number of classes of the goods and 
services. 
 (2) The individual fee in the amount prescribed in item (i) of the preceding paragraph shall be 
paid prior to the international registration and the individual fee in the amount prescribed in 
item (ii) thereof shall be paid within the time limit provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of 
Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 (3) Where an examiner's decision or appeal/trial decision is rendered to the effect that a 
trademark pertaining to an international application for trademark registration is to be 
registered, the Commissioner of the Patent Office  shall notify the International Bureau of the 
time limit for the payment of the individual fee pertaining to the application, in the amount prescribed in item (ii) of paragraph (1). 
 (4) Where the individual fee in the amount prescribed in items (ii) of paragraph (1) is not paid, 
and as a result the international registration on which the international application for trademark registration is based is rescinded, the said applic ation shall be deemed to have been withdrawn. 
 (5) A person requesting the renewal of the duration of a trademark right based on international 
registration shall pay as the individual fee to the International Bureau for each registration the amount equivalent to 48,500 yen multiplied by the number of classes. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (6) Articles 40 to 43 and 76(2) (limited to the portion listed under item (i) of the appended table) 
shall not apply to an application for international trademark registration and a trademark right based on the international registration. 
 
 (Delegation to Ordinance of the Mini stry of Economy, Trade and Industry) 
Article 68-31   
In addition to the provisions of Articles 68- 9 to 68-30, details of matters required for the 
implementation of the Protocol and the regulation s thereunder shall be provided by Ordinance of 
the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
  
SECTION 3 SPECIAL PROVISIONS CONC ERNING APPLICATION FOR TRADEMARK 
REGISTRATION, ETC. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning application for trademark registration after rescission 
of international registration) 
Article 68-32 
 (1) Where an international registration relating to a trademark that was the subject of an 
international registration designating Japan is rescinded pursuant to Article 6(4) of the Protocol in respect of all or some of the goods or services listed in the international registration, the person who was the registered holder of the international registration may file an application for 
trademark registration in relation to all or some of the said goods or services. 
 (2) Where an application for trademark registration under the preceding paragraph falls under all 
of the following items, the application shall be  deemed to have been filed on the date of 
international registration (where the international registration under the said paragraph is 
related to the subsequent designation, the date of the subsequent designation pertaining to the said international registration) of the international registration under the said paragraph. 
 (i) the application for trademark registration under the preceding paragraph is filed within three 
months from the date on which the international registration under the said paragraph was rescinded; 
 (ii) the trademark for which the registration is sought is identical with the trademark that was 
the subject of the international registra tion under the preceding paragraph; and 
 (iii) the designated goods or designated services in connection with the application for 
trademark registration under the preceding paragraph are within the scope of the goods or 
services listed in the international registration under the preceding paragraph. 
 (3) Where an international application for trademark registration pertaining to an international 
registration under paragraph (1) enjoyed a right of priority pursuant to Article 4 of the Paris 
Convention, the application for trademark registration under the said paragraph shall also enjoy 
the same right of priority. 
 (4) The preceding paragraph shall also apply to the case where an international application for 
trademark registration pertaining to an international registration under paragraph (1) enjoyed a 
right of priority pursuant to Article 43-2(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis upon 
reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 9-3 or 13(1) of this Act. 
 (5) For the purpose of the application of Article 10(1) to an application for trademark registration 
under paragraph (1), the portion of the said paragraph "part of an application" shall be replaced 
with "part of an application(limited to the goods or services that fall under the scope of those listed in the international registration under Article 68-32(1))." 
 
 (Special provisions concerning applic ation for trademark registration after 
denunciation of Protocol) 
Article 68-33 
 (1) Where, pursuant to Article 15(5)(b) of the Pr otocol, the registered holder of the international 
registration designating Japan becomes no longer entitled as a person eligible to file the international application pursuant to Article 2(1) of the Protocol, the person who was the 
registered holder of the said international registration may file an application for trademark 
registration in connection with the goods or services listed in the said international registration. 
 (2) The provisions of paragraphs (2) to (5) of Article 68-32 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an 
application for trademark registration under paragraph (1). In this case, the portion "within 
three months from the date on which the international registration under the said paragraph was rescinded" in item (i) of Article 68-32(2) shall be deemed to be replaced with "within two years from the date on which the denunciation under Article 15(3) of the Protocol took effect." 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (Special provisions concer ning reasons for refusal) 
Article 68-34  (1) For the purpose of the application of Articl e 15 to an application for trademark registration 
pursuant to Article 68-32(1) or 68-33(1), the portion "falls under any of the following items" in 
Article 15 shall be replaced with "falls under an y of the following items or where an application 
for trademark registration under Article 68-32(1) or 68-33(1) does not comply with the requirements provided in Article 68-32(1), 68-33(1) or each item of 68-32(2) (including cases 
where applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 68-
33(2))." 
 (2) The provision of Article 15 (limited to the part pertaining to item (i) and (ii)) shall not apply to 
an application for trademark registration under Article 68-32(1) or 68-33(1) pertaining to a 
trademark right that was related to the international registration (referred to in Article 68-37 
and 68-39 as "re-filing of trademark right pertaining to former international registration"). 
 
 (Special provisions concerning registrati on of establishment of trademark right) 
Article 68-35  
Notwithstanding Article 18(2), where, in co nnection with an application for trademark 
registration under Article 68-32(1) or 68-33(1), the examiner's decision or the appeal/trial 
decision to the effect that the trademark is to be registered has been rendered within ten years from the date of international registration of the international registration pertaining to the said application (where the duration of the international registration has been renewed, the date of 
most renewal) and the individual fee in the amou nt prescribed in Article 68-30(1)(ii) has been 
paid to the International Bureau prior to the date on which the international registration pertaining to the said application is rescinded pursuant to Article 6(4) of the Protocol or to the 
date on which the denunciation under Article 15(3) of the Protocol takes effect, the 
establishment of the trademark right shall be registered. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning duration) 
Article 68-36  
 (1) The duration of a trademark right provided in Article 68-35 shall expire after ten years from 
the date of the international registration of the international registration pertaining to the said 
application (where the duration of the internatio nal registration has been renewed, the date of 
most recent renewal). 
 (2) Article 19(1) shall not apply to the duration of a trademark right provided in the preceding 
paragraph. 
 
 (Special provisions concerning  opposition to registration) 
Article 68-37   
For the purpose of application of Article 43-2 to a trademark registration pertaining to the re-
filing of a trademark right pertaining to a former international registration, the term "trademark registration" in the said article shall be replaced with "trademark registration (in the case of a 
trademark registration pertaining to the re-filin g of a trademark right pertaining to a former 
international registration, except any trademark registration for which the term provided in this Article has lapsed without any opposition to registration of the former trademark registration 
pertaining to the former international registration)." 
 
 (Special provisions concerning invalid ation trial of trademark registration) 
Article 68-38   
For the purpose of the appeal/trial prescribed in Article 46(1) for the trademark registration 
pertaining to an application for trademark registration under Article 68-32(1) or 68-33(1), the term "falls under any of the following items" in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "falls 
under any of the following items or has been ma de in violation of the provision of Article 68-
32(1), 68-33(1) or each item of Article 68-32(2) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 68-33(2))." 
 
Article 68-39  
For the purpose of the application of Article 47 to  a trademark registration pertaining to the re-
filing of a trademark right pertaining to a former international registration, the portion "may not 
be filed" in the said article shall be replaced with  "may not be filed. The same shall also apply, in 
relation to the trademark registration pertaining to the re-filing of the trademark right pertaining 
to former international registration, even prior to a lapse of five years from the date of 
registration of the establishment of the trademar k right, when a request for appeal/trial under IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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  Article 46(1) can be no longer filed pursuant to this article pertaining to the trademark 
registration pertaining to the former international registration." 
 
CHAPTER 8 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
 
 (Amendment of proceedings) 
Article 68-40 
 (1) The person undertaking a procedure before the Patent Office with regard to an application for 
trademark registration, an application for defensive mark registration, any requests or any other procedures relating to trademark registration or defensive mark registration, may make amendments relating thereto only when the case is pending in examination, examination on 
opposition to registration, appeal/trial or retrial. 
 (2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a person who has applied for trademark 
registration may, at the time of payment of the registration fee under Article 40(1) or 41-2(1), 
make amendments to reduce the number of classes pertaining to the application for trademark 
registration. 
 
 (Special provisions on trademark right co vering two or more designated goods or 
designated services) 
Article 69  
For the purpose of the application of Article 13-2(4) (including where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68(1)), 20(4) and 33(1) of this Act, Article 97(1) or 98(1)(i) of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35 of this Act, Article 43-3(3), 46(2), 46-2 or 54 of this Act, Article 132(1) of the Patent Act as respectively applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act or Article 174(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 61 of this Act, Articl e 59, 60, 71(1)(i) or 75(2)(iv) of this Act, to the 
trademark registration or trademark right covering  two or more designated goods or designated 
services, the trademark shall be deemed to have been registered or the trademark right shall be 
deemed to exist, for each of the designated goods or designated services. 
 
 (Special provisions on trademarks, et c., similar to registered trademarks) 
Article 70 
 (1) The term "registered trademark" as used in Article 25, 29, 30(2), 31(2), 31-2(1), 34(1), 
38(3), 50, 52-2(1), 59(i), 64, 73 or 74 shall include trademarks similar to the registered 
trademark that would be regarded as being identi cal with the registered trademark if they were 
in the same color(s) as the registered trademark. 
 (2) The term "registered defensive mark" as used in Article 4(1)(xii) or 67 shall include marks 
similar to the registered defensive mark that would be regarded as being identical with the 
registered defensive mark if they were in the same color(s) as the registered defensive trademark. 
 (3) The term "trademark similar to the registered trademark" as used in Article 37(i) or 51(1) 
shall not include any trademark similar to the re gistered trademark that would be regarded as 
being identical with the registered trademark if they were in the same color(s) as the registered trademark. 
 
 (Registration in Trademark Registry) 
Article 71 
 (1) The following matters shall be registered in the Trademark Registry maintained in the Patent 
Office:  (i) the establishment, renewal of the duration, division, transfer, modification, extinguishment, 
restoration or restriction on disposition of a trademark right; 
 (ii) the establishment, renewal of the duration , transfer or extinguishment of right based on 
defensive mark registration; 
 (iii) the establishment, maintenance, transfer, modification, extinguishment or restriction on 
disposition of exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use; and 
 (iv) the establishment, transfer, modification, extinguishment or restriction on disposition of a 
right of pledge on a trademark right, exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use. 
 (2) The Trademark Registry may be prepared, in whole or in part, in the form of magnetic tapes 
(including other storage media using a similar method that may record or reliably store certain matters; the same shall apply hereinafter). 
 (3) In addition to those provided in this act, ma tters relating to the registration shall be provided 
by Cabinet Order. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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 (Issuance of certificate of trademark registration, etc.) 
Article 71-2  (1) Upon registration of the establishment of a trademark right or upon registration of the 
establishment of rights based on defensive mark registration, the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office shall issue a certificate of trademark registration or defensive mark registration to the holder of trademark right. 
 (2) The re-issuance of a certificate of trademark registration or defensive mark registration shall 
be provided by Ordinance of the Mini stry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 
 (Request for certificate, etc.) 
Article 72 
 (1) Any person may file a request with regard to trademark registration or defensive mark 
registration to the Commissioner of the Patent Office to issue a certificate, a transcript of 
documents or an extract of documents, to allow the inspection or copying of documents, or to 
issue documents stored on the magnetic tapes that constitute a part of the Trademark Registry; provided, however, that if the Commissioner of the Patent Office considers it necessary to keep 
such documents confidential, this provision shall not apply in the case of the following 
documents:  (i) documents pertaining to appeal/trial under Article 46(1) (including cases where it is applied 
mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(4)), 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 53(1) or 53-2 (including 
cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(4)) or a retrial of the final 
and binding appeal/trial decision rendered in the said appeal/trial, with respect to which the party in the case or an intervener has given notice that a trade secret owned by the said 
party in the case or intervener has been described (trade secret as provided in Section 2(6) of 
the Unfair Competition Prevention Act (Act No. 47 of 1993)); 
 (ii) documents which are likely to cause damage to an individual's reputation or peaceful 
existence; and 
 (iii) documents which are likely to cause damage to public policy. 
 (2) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office approves of the request under the main clause 
of the preceding paragraph with regard to the documents as provided in item (i) or (ii) of the 
said paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall notify the person who submitted the 
said documents thereof and reasons therefor. 
 (3) Provisions of the Act Concerning Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs (Act 
No. 42 of 1999) shall not apply to the documents concerning trademark registration or 
defensive mark registration and the part of the Trademark Registry stored on magnetic tapes. 
 (4) Provisions in Chapter 4 of the Act Concerning Protection of Personal Information Possessed by 
Administrative Organs (Act No. 58 of 2003) shall not apply to the possessed Personal 
Information (referring to the possessed Personal Information as provided in Article 2(3) of the said Act) recorded in the documents concerning trademark registration or defensive mark registration and the part of the Trademark Registry stored on magnetic tapes. 
 
 (Indication of trademark registration) 
Article 73  
Where the holder of trademark right, exclusiv e right to use or non-exclusive right to use 
affixes the registered trademark to the designated goods, packages of the designated goods or articles to be used for the provision of the design ated services, or affixes, in the provision of the 
designated services, the registered trademark to  the goods pertaining to the provision of the 
designated services that belong to the person re ceiving the designated services pursuant to the 
provisions of Ordinance of the Ministry of Ec onomy, Trade and Industry, he/she shall make 
efforts to affix to the trademark an indication (hereinafter referred to as an "indication of 
trademark registration") stating that the trademark is a registered trademark. 
 
 (Prohibition of false indication) 
Article 74   
It shall be prohibited for a pe rson to do the following acts: 
 (i) in using a trademark that is not a registered trademark, to affix an indication of trademark 
registration or an indication confusing therewith to the trademark; 
 (ii) in using a registered trademark for goods or services that are not the designated goods or 
designated services, to affix an indication of trademark registration or an indication confusing therewith to the trademark; IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
- 44 - 
 
   (iii) the possession, for the purpose of assignment or delivery, of articles affixed on goods or on 
their packages, a trademark other than a registered trademark, articles affixed on goods other than the designated goods, or on their packages, a registered trademark in connection with goods, or articles affixed on goods or on their packages, a registered trademark in 
connection with services, where the indication of trademark registration or an indication 
confusing therewith is affixed to the said trademark; 
 (iv) the possession or importation of articles affixed with a trademark other than a registered 
trademark, that are used in the course of the provision of services by a person who receives 
the said services, articles affixed with a registered trademark in connection with services, that are used in the course of the provision of services other than the designated services by a person who receives the said services, or articles affixed with a registered trademark in 
connection with goods, that are used in the cour se of the provision of services by a person 
who receives the said services, where the indication of trademark registration or an indication confusing therewith is affixed to the said trad emark (hereinafter referred to in the following 
item as "articles with a false indication of trademark registration pertaining to services"), for 
the purpose of the provision of the said serv ices through use of the said articles; and 
 (v) the assignment, delivery, or possession or importation for the purpose of assignment or 
delivery of articles with a false indication of trademark registration pertaining to services, for 
the purpose of causing the provision of the said  services through use of the said articles; 
 
 (Trademark Gazette) 
Article 75 
 (1) The Patent Office shall publish the trademark gazette  (2) In addition to those matters provided in this Act, the trademark gazette shall contain the 
following matters: 
 (i) examiner's decisions to the effect that an application is to be refused, or the waiver, 
withdrawal or dismissal of applications for trademark registration or applications for defensive 
mark registration after laying open of application; 
 (ii) succession of right deriving from an application for trademark registration after laying open 
of application; 
 (iii) amendments made to the designated goods or  designated services stated in an application, 
to the trademark for which the registration is sought, or to the mark for which the defensive 
mark registration is sought after laying open of application; 
 (iv) extinguishments of trademark rights (except due to the expiration of the duration and the 
provision of Article 41-2(4)); 
 (v) filing of an opposition to registration or request appeal/trial or a retrial, or withdrawal 
thereof; 
 (vi) final and binding decisions on the opposition  to registration, final and binding appeal/trial 
decisions or the final and binding decision or appeal/trial decision on retrial; and 
 (vii) final and binding judgments in actions under Article 63(1). 
 
 (Fees) 
Article 76  (1) Fees shall be paid by the following persons in an amount to be provided by Cabinet Order in 
view of the actual costs: 
 (i) persons notifying of succession under Article 34(4) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 13(2) of this Act; 
 (ii) persons filing a request for an extension of the term under Article 17-4 of the Design Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17-2(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(2)) of this Act, Article 41(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 41-2(6)) or 43-4(3) (including cases where it 
is applied mutatis mutandis under Article 68(4)) of this Act, Article 65-8(3) or Article 4 or 5(1) 
of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 77(1) of this Act, or a change of the date under Article 5(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 
Article 77(1) of this Act. 
 (iii) persons filing an application for international registration to the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office pursuant to Article 68-2; 
 (iv) persons presenting to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a request for subsequent 
designation pursuant to Article 68-4; 
 (v) persons filing an application for renewal of the duration of international registration to the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office pursuant to Article 68-5; IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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   (vi) persons filing a request to the Commissioner of the Patent Office for the recording of a 
change in the ownership of international registration pursuant to Article 68-6; 
 (vii) persons filing a request for the re-issuance of a certificate of trademark registration or 
defensive mark registration; 
 (viii) persons filing a request for the issuance of a certificate pursuant to Article 72(1); 
 (ix) persons filing a request for the issuance of a transcript of documents or an extract of 
documents pursuant to Article 72(1); 
 (x) persons filing a request to allow the insp ection or copying of documents pursuant to 
Article 72(1); and 
 (xi) persons filing a request for the issuance of documents whose contents are stored on 
magnetic tapes that constitute part of the Trademark Registry pursuant to Article 72(1). 
 (2) The persons listed in the center column of the attached table shall pay fees in the amount as 
provided by Cabinet Order within the range of the amounts specified in the corresponding right-hand column of the table. 
 (3) The preceding two paragraphs shall not apply where the person to pay the fee in accordance 
with these paragraphs is the State. 
 (4) Where the State has co-ownership of a trademark right, a right deriving from an application 
for trademark registration or a right based on an application for defensive mark registration with 
a person other than the State, and the portion of their respective shares of the said right has been agreed, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2), the fees payable thereunder (limited to those provided by Cabine t Order) shall be determined as the sum of the 
provided fees multiplied by the ratios of the shar e of each person other than the State, and, the 
person(s) other than the State shall pay such sum. 
 (5) Where the amount of the fees calculated under the preceding paragraph has a fractional figure 
of less than ten yen, the said portion shall be discarded. 
 (6) The payment of the fees under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be made by patent revenue stamps 
as provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; provided, however, 
that where so provided by Ordinance of the Mi nistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, a cash 
payment thereof shall be accepted. 
 (7) Fees paid in excess or in error shall be refunded upon the request of the person who made 
payment thereof. 
 (8) No request for a refund of the fees under th e preceding paragraph may be filed after one year 
from the date on which the payment thereof has been made. 
 
 (Application mutatis mutandis of provisions of Patent Act) 
Article 77  (1) The provisions of Articles 3 to 5 (time period s and dates) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis 
mutandis to time periods and dates provided in this Act. In this case, the term "Article 121(1)" 
of Article 4 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act." 
 (2) Articles 6 to 9, 11 to 16, 17(3) and 17(4), 18 to 24 and 194 (procedures) of the Patent Act 
shall apply mutatis mutandis to an application for trademark registration, an application for 
defensive mark registration, any petitions or any other procedures pertaining to trademark registration or defensive mark registration. In this case, the portion "file a request for the 
examination of an application" in Article 6(1)(i) of  the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced 
with "file an opposition to registration," the portion "an adverse party files a petition for appeal/trial or retrial" in Article 7(4) of the Pa tent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "an 
opposition to registration in relation to the trademark right or the right based on defensive mark 
registration is filed or appeal/trial or retrial is filed by an adverse party," the portion "appeal against an examiner's decision of refusal" in Article 9 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "appeal/trial under Article 44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act," the portion 
"appeal against an examiner's decision of refusal"  in Article 14 of the Patent Act shall be deemed 
to be replaced with "appeal/trial under Article 44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act," the portion "(ii) where the procedures do not comply with th e formal requirements provided by this Act or 
an order thereunder" in Article 17(3) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "(ii) 
where the procedures do not comply with the form al requirements provided by this Act or an 
order thereunder; (ii)-2 where, pertaining to  the procedures, the registration fee under 
Article 40(2) of the Trademark Act or the registration fee (including the registration surcharge 
due and payable pursuant to Article 43(1) or 43(2)  of the Trademark Act) payable at the time of 
application for registration of renewal pursuant to Article 41-2(2) of the Trademark Act is not paid," the portion "not amendable" in Article 18- 2(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be 
replaced with "not amendable (except cases filing under any of the items in Article 5-2(1) of the IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
- 46 - 
 
  Trademark Act (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(1) of 
the Trademark Act))," the term "appeal/trial" in Article 23(1) and 24 of the Patent Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "examination and decision on an opposition to registration, 
appeal/trial" and the term "appeal/trial" in Article 194(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to 
be replaced with "opposition to registration, appeal/trial." 
 (3) The provision of Article 25 (Enjoyment of rights by foreign nationals) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to a trademark right and other rights relating to the trademark 
registration. 
 (4) Article 26 (Effect of treaties) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the trademark 
registration and defensive mark registration. 
 (5) The provisions of Articles 189 to 192 (Service) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis 
to service provided in this Act. 
 (6) Article 195-3 of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to dispositions under this Act or 
under an order based on this Act. 
 (7) Article 195-4 (Restriction on appeals under Administrative Appeal Act) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to an examiner's decision, a ruling to dismiss an amendment, a rescission decision, appeal/trial decision, a ruling to dismiss a written opposition, a ruling to 
dismiss a written request for appeal/trial or retrial under this Act and to a disposition against 
which no appeal lies in accordance with this act. 
 
 (Transitional measures) 
Article 77-2  
Where an order is established, revised or abolished pursuant to this Act, transitional measures 
(including transitional measures relating to penal provisions) to the extent deemed reasonably 
necessary for the establishment, revision or abolishment may be provided by the said order. 
 
CHAPTER 9 PENAL PROVISIONS 
 
 (Crime of infringement) 
Article 78  
An infringer of a trademark right or an ex clusive right to use (excluding one who has 
committed an act that shall be deemed to constitute infringement of a trademark right or an 
exclusive right to use under Article 37 or Article 67) shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a term not exceeding ten years or a fine not exceeding 10,000,000 yen or combination 
thereof. 
 Article 78-2  
Any person who has committed an act that shall be deemed to constitute infringement of a 
trademark right or an exclusive right to use under Article 37 or Article 67 shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a term not exceeding five years or a fine not exceeding 5,000,000 yen or combination thereof. 
 
 (Crime of fraud) 
Article 79  
Any person who has obtained a trademark registration, defensive mark registration, 
registration of renewal of the duration of tr ademark right or right based on defensive mark 
registration, decision on opposition to registration or appeal/trial decision by means of a 
fraudulent act shall be punished by imprisonment  with work for a term not exceeding three years 
or a fine not exceeding 3,000,000 yen. 
 
 (Crime of false indication) 
Article 80  
Any person who fails to comply with Article 74 shall be punished by im prisonment with work 
for a term not exceeding three years or a fine not exceeding 3,000,000yen. 
 
 (Crime of perjury, etc.) 
Article 81 
 (1) A witness, an expert witness or an interpre ter who has taken an oath under this Act and made 
a false statement or given a false expert opinion or a false interpretation before the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a term 
of between three months and ten years. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
- 47 - 
 
   (2) Where a person who has committed the offense in the preceding paragraph has made a 
voluntary confession before a transcript of the judgment on the case has been served, or a decision on an opposition to registration or appeal/trial decision has become final and binding, the punishment may be reduced or waived 
 
 (Crime of breach of confidentiality order) 
Article 81-2  
 (1) Any person who fails to comply with an order pursuant to Article 105-4(1) (including cases 
where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 13-2(5)) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 39 of this Act shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a term not exceeding five years or a fine not exceeding 5,000,000yen or combination 
thereof. 
 (2) The prosecution of the crime under the preceding paragraph may not be instituted unless a 
complaint is filed. 
 (3) The crime under paragraph (1) shall apply to a person who commits the crime under the said 
paragraph while outside Japan. 
 
 (Dual liability) 
Article 82  (1) Where a representative of a juridical person or an agent, employee or other staff member of a 
juridical person or an individual has committed, in the course of performing social activities for 
the juridical person or individual, any act in violation of the provisions prescribed in the following 
items, in addition to the offender, the juridical person shall be punished by fine as provided in the corresponding items and the individual shall be punished by fine as provided in each article 
prescribed in the following items: 
 (i) Article 78, Article 78-2 or 81-2(1), a fine not exceeding 300 million yen; and  (ii) Article 79 or 80, a fine not exceeding 100 million yen. 
 (2) In the case of the preceding paragraph, a complaint under Article 81-2(2) against the offender 
shall also have effect on the juridical person or individual and a complaint against the juridical person or individual shall also have effect on the offender. 
 (3) Where a fine is imposed on a judicial person or individual pursuant to paragraph (1) with 
regard to a violation of Article 78, 78-2 or 81-2(1) , the period of prescription shall be governed 
by the same rules as for crimes in the provisions thereof. 
 
 (Non-penal fine) 
Article 83  
Where a person who has taken an oath under Article 207(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure as 
applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 151 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 71(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 28(3) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(3) of this Act) of this Act, Article 43-8 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60-
2(1) and 68(4) of this Act) or Article 56(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 68(4) of this Act), Articl e 174(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 61 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant 
to Article 68(5) of this Act), Article 58(2) of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant 
to Article 62(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(5) of this Act), or Article 58(3) of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 62(2) 
(including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(5) of this Act) has 
made a false statement before the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby, the said person shall be liable to a non-penal fine not exceeding 100,000 yen. 
 
Article 84  
A person who has been summoned by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby in 
accordance with this Act and fails to appear or refuses to take an oath, make a statement, 
testify, give an expert opinion or interpret without a just cause shall be liable to a non-penal fine 
not exceeding 100,000yen. 
 
Article 85  
A person who has been ordered by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby to 
submit or present documents or other materials for the purpose of examination or preservation of evidence in accordance with this Act, and fa ils to comply with the order without a just cause 
shall be liable to a non-penal fine not exceeding 100,000 yen. IP/N/1/JPN/T/5 
 
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Supplementary provisions (Extract) 
 
Attached Table (In relation to Article 76) 
 Person responsible for 
payment Amount 
1 Person filing an application for 
trademark registration 6,000 yen per case plus 
15,000 yen for each class 
 
2 Person filing an application for 
defensive mark registration or for registration of renewal of 
the duration of a right based 
on defensive mark registration 12,000 yen per case plus 
30,000 yen for each class 
3 Person requesting the division 
of a trademark right 30,000 yen per case 
4 Person requesting an advisory 
opinion pursuant to Article 28(1) (including cases where 
it is applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 68(3)) 40,000 yen per case 
5 Person filing an opposition to 
registration 3,000 yen per case plus 8,000 
yen for each class 
6 Person requesting to intervene 
in proceedings of an 
opposition to registration 11,000 yen per case 
7 Person filing a request for 
appeal/trial or retrial 15,000 yen per case plus 
40,000 yen for each class 
8 Person requesting to intervene 
in a trial or retrial 55,000 yen per case 
 
  
__________