S/C/N/806  
 
30 June 2015  
(15-3346)  Page: 1/33  
Council for Trade in Services  Original: English  
 
 NOTIFICATION OF NORWEGIAN PREFEREN TIAL TREATMENT TO SERVICES AND  
SERVICE SUPPLIERS OF LE AST-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 
The following notification from the delegation of  Norway, dated 25 June 2015, is being circulated 
to the Members of the Council for Trade in Services. 
 
_______________ 
 
 1. The Permanent Mission of  Norway to the World Trade Organization in Geneva has the 
honour to notify to the World Trade Organization Council for Trade in Services the preferential 
treatment which Norway has made available to services and services suppliers of least-developed 
countries in accordance with the decision by Ministers at the WTO’s Eighth Ministerial Conference on Preferential Treatment to Services and Se rvice Suppliers of Least-Developed Countries 
(WT/L/847), and the decision by Ministers at the WTO’s Ninth Ministerial Conference on 
Operationalization of the Waiver Concerning Preferential Treatment to Services and Service Suppliers of Least-Developed Countries (WT/L/918), with effect from 1 July 2015. 
 
2. The preferential treatment is made in sectors and modes of supply across the board, 
including areas of particular export interest to least-developed countries, as set out in The Collective Request Pursuant to the Bali Decision on the Operationalization of the Waiver 
Concerning Preferential Treatment to Services an d Service Suppliers of Least Developed Countries 
(S/C/W/356). The preferential treatment is set out in a schedule that for easy reference comprises 
both GATS and GATS plus (preferential) treatmen t. Norway intends to maintain these preferences 
for the period of the Waiver. 
  
 
_______________ 
  
 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 2 -  
 
Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
I.  HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS  
 
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED IN THIS SCHEDULE     
All sectors: Establishment - 
General authorisation procedures for acquisition   3),4) A foreign citizen that purchases or leases 
real property as a secondary residence must apply for a concession if the citizen neither lives in Norway, nor has been living in Norway for at least five years. 
  
All sectors: Treatment of 
branches and agencies 3) None 3) Treatment accorded  to subsidiaries of third 
country companies formed in accordance with the law of an EEA Member State and having their registered office, central administration or principal place of business within an EEA Member State may not be extended to branches or agencies established in an EEA Member State by a 
third-country company. 
 Treatment less favourable may be accorded 
to subsidiaries of third-country companies formed in accordance with the law of an EEA Member State having only their registered office in the territory of an EEA Member State unless they show that they possess an effective and continuous link with the economy of one of the EEA Member States. 
  
All sectors: Formation of legal 
entity - limited liability company, foundation  3) None 
  3) The general manage r in a joint stock 
company and at least ha lf of the members of 
the board of directors and of the corporate assembly must be residents of Norway, unless the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Fisheries grants exemption in each individual case. These requirements do not apply to citizens of states which are parties to the EEA agreement if they are residents of such a state. 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 3 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
All sectors: Subsidies (The issue of a definition of subsidies remains to be determined in the context of negotiations under Article XV of the GATS) 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) None      4) None 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) Eligibility for subsidies may be limited to 
juridical persons established in Norway.  Unbound for research and development subsidies and for education services leading to the conferring of State recognized exams and/or degrees  
4) Subsidies available to natural persons may 
be limited to Norwegian citizens 
 
 
All sectors: Movement of personnel 4) Unbound, except for the temporary 
presence and without requiring compliance with an economic needs test of categories A, B, C and D below: 
 
A. INTRA-CORPORATE TRANSFEREES 
Managers and executives, specialists and trainees as intra-corporate transferees, provided that the service supplier is the corporation to which these are attached.    Definitions: Executives/managers  - persons working in a 
senior position within a juridical person, who primarily direct the management of the establishment, receiving general supervision or direction principally from th e board of directors or 
stockholders of the business or their equivalent, including:  4) Unbound except for measures concerning 
the categories of natural persons referred to in the market access column. 
 
 - directing the establis hment or a department 
or subdivision of the establishment; 
- supervising and controlling the work of 
other supervisory, professional or managerial employees;  
- having the authority personally to hire and 
fire or recommend hiring, firing or other personnel actions. 
  
  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 4 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 Specialists  - persons working within a juridical 
person who possesses uncommon knowledge essential to the establishment's service, research, equipment, techniques or management.  In assessing such knowledge, account will be taken not only of the knowledge specific to the establishment, but also whether the person has a high level of qualification referring to a type of work or trade requiring specific technical knowledge, including membership in an accredited profession.  Access is subject to th e following conditions: 
- Temporary entry and stay and work limited 
to a four year period.  
- A residence permit must be obtained. 
- The residence permit must be issued to a 
natural person who is considered to be a higher-level skilled worker or to have special qualifications. 
- The competence of th e natural person must 
be deemed necessary for the recipient of the service.  
- All other requirements regarding entry, 
stay, wages, working conditions and social security benefits shall continue to apply. 
Definition: 
Trainees  – persons with higher education and a 
traineeship within a juridical person.  Access is subject to th e following conditions: 
- Temporary entry and stay and work limited 
to six months.  
- A residence permit must be obtained. 
- All other requirements regarding entry, 
stay, wages, working conditions and social security benefits shall continue to apply. 
  
  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 5 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 B. BUSINESS VISITORS      
Definitions: a) persons who are representatives of a service supplier and are seeking temporary entry for the purpose of negotiating for the sale of services or entering in to agreements to sell 
services for that service supplier, where those representatives will not be engaged in making 
direct sales to the general public or in supplying services themselves.   
 
 b) persons working in a senior position, as 
defined above, within a juridical person, who are responsible for the settin g up in Norway of a 
commercial presence of a service supplier of a Party when: 
- the representatives are not engaged in 
making direct sales or supplying services, and 
- the service supplier has no other 
representative, branch or subsidiary in Norway. 
  
 
 Access is subject to the following conditions for a) 
and b): - Temporary entry, stay and work limited to a 
three month period.  
  
  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 6 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 C. CONTRACTUAL SERVICE SUPPLIERS  
Definition: Temporary presence of natural persons employed by a foreign based company and who are providing services necessary to fulf ill a contract (including 
installers for installation of equipment and machinery) between their employer and a client located in Norway.  Access is subject to th e following conditions: 
- The temporary entry and stay shall be 
limited to three months for installers, six months for others or for the duration of the contract, whichever is the less.  
- The commitment relates only to the service 
activity which is the subject of the contract. 
It does not entitle to exercise the profession 
as such.  
- A residence permit must be obtained. 
- The residence permit must be issued to a 
natural person who is considered to be a higher-level skilled worker or to have special qualifications. 
- The competence of th e natural person must 
be deemed necessary for the recipient of the service.  
- If it is apparent that there will be a 
permanent need for such labour, or if during the last six months a permit has been issued for the performance of the same kind of work for the same recipient of the service, a permit shall not be granted.  
- All other requirements regarding entry, 
stay, wages, working conditions and social security benefits shall continue to apply. 
  
  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 7 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 D. INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONALS 
Definition: Temporary presence of natural persons providing services without being employed by a juridical person who has commercial presence in Norway.   
 Access is subject to th e following conditions:   
 
 - The temporary entry and stay shall be 
limited to six months or for the duration of the contract, whichever is less.  
 
 - The commitment relates only to the service 
activity which is the subject of the contract. It does not entitle to exercise the profession as such. 
- A residence permit must be obtained.  - The residence permit must be issued to a 
natural person who is considered to be a 
higher-level skilled worker or to have special qualifications.    
- The competence of th e natural person must 
be deemed necessary for the recipient of the service.   
- If it is apparent that there will be a 
permanent need for such labour, or if during the last six months a permit has been issued for the performance of the same kind of work for the same recipient of the service, a permit shall not be granted. 
- All requirements regarding entry, stay, 
wages, working conditions and social security benefits shall continue to apply. 
  
  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 8 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
II.  SECTOR  SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS  
 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES     
A. Professional Services 
    
(a) Legal services - legal 
advice on foreign law (concerned parts of CPC 861) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) The advocate is personally responsible for 
his activities.  To have an interest (own 
shares and/or be a member of the board of 
the firm) in a firm of Norwegian advocates is only possible when taking active part in the business. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Foreign advocates can give advice on foreign 
law and international law after application.  
Some restrictions on cooperation with 
Norwegian advocates as a consequence of legislation on how a firm of Norwegian advocates may be organized. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  As for 3), but no restrictions on advice on a strictly occasional basis. 
  
(b) Accounting, auditing and 
bookkeeping services  
 (CPC 862)     
- Auditing services by 
registered and licensed auditors 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None     4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Public certification required based on 
Norwegian exam and 2 year experience in Norway.  Audit reports must be drafted in Norwegian Permanent residence in Norway required. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  As 3). 
  
- Accounting and 
bookkeeping services 1) Accounting shall take place in Norway.  The 
King may decide that accounting takes place abroad. 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
  2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  For authorised accountants, permanent residence in Norway 
required, and a minimum of 2 years practice in Norway during the 5 preceding years. 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 9 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(c) Taxation services 
 (CPC 863)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(d) Architectural services 
 (CPC 8671) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(e) Engineerin g services 
 (CPC 8672)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(f) Integrated engineering 
services (CPC 8673) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
(g) Urban planning and 
landscape architectural services (CPC 8674) 
  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(h) Medical and dental 
services (CPC 9312) 1) None 
2) None 3) None    4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Must speak Norwegian and have passed 
certain national exams in different areas.  Foreign exams giving equivalent competence may be recognized. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  As 3). 
  
(i) Veterinary services  
 (CPC 932) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  Foreign exams giving equivalent competence may be recognized. 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 10 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(j) Deliveries and related 
services, nursing services, physiotherapeutic and para-medical services 
 (CPC 93191) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. Must speak Norwegian and have passed certain national exams in different areas.  Foreign exams giving equivalent competence may be recognized. 
  
B. Computer and Related 
Services 
    
- CPC 84 according to the 
attached description of sectoral coverage  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
C. Research and 
Development Services 
    
(b) R&D services on social 
sciences and humanities 
 (CPC 852)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
D. Real Estate Services 
    
(b) Real Estate Services on a 
fee or contract basis (CPC 822) 
    
- Real estate agency 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  Upon request, education/examination from abroad may be 
accepted. 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 11 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
- Real estate agent  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  Upon request, education/examination from abroad may be accepted. 
  
E. Rental/Leasing Services 
without Operators 
    
(a), (b), (c) Relating to ships1, 
aircraft, other transport equipment  
 (CPC 83102, CPC 83103, 
CPC 83104, CPC 83105) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None other than:  Aircrafts: to be registered in the aircraft 
register of Norway, the aircraft must be 
owned either by Norwegian natural persons 
or by Norwegian juridical persons. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None  
  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(c) Car-hiring  
 (CPC 83101)  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
(d) Relating to other 
machinery and equipment (CPC 83106-83109) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
F. Other Business Services 
    
(a) Advertising services 
 (CPC 871)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
                                               
1  Does not apply to services carried out in the exercise of governmental authority, such as statutory certification.  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 12 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(b) Market research and 
public opinion polling services (CPC 864) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(c),(d)Management and 
administrative services (including management, consultancy) (CPC 865,  CPC 866) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(e) Technical testing and 
analysis services  
 (CPC 8676), except for 
public services functions 
such as statutory 
classification required for ships and floating vessels registered in the Norwegian International Ship Register (NIS) and Norwegian Ordinary Ship Register (NOR).  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
(f)  Advisory and consulting 
services related to agriculture, hunting and forestry (concerned parts of  CPC 881) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(g)  Advisory and consulting 
services related to fishing (concerned parts of  CPC 882) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(h) Services incidental to 
mining (CPC 883 + 5115) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 13 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(i) Advisory and consulting 
services related to manufacturing  
 (CPC 884, CPC 885)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(k) Placement and supply 
services of personnel 
    
- Labour recruitment and 
provision of personnel (nationals and residents with work permit) (concerned parts of  
 CPC 872) 1) None, except when the activity is assessed 
to take place in Norway the rules mentioned under 3) will apply. 
2) None 3) It is not allowed to charge personnel 
seeking employment for employment services. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
  2) None 3) None  
 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
- Executive search 
services (CPC 87201) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
(l) Investigation and 
security activities (CPC 873) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Manager must be a Norwegian citizen 
resident in Norway 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. As 3). 
  
(m) Related scientific and 
technical consulting services (CPC 8675),  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
(n) Maintenance and repair 
of equipment (not 
including maritime vessels, aircraft or other transport equipment) (CPC 633 and CPC 8861-8866) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 14 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(o) Building-cleaning 
services (CPC 874) 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(p) Photographic services 
(CPC 875) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
(q) Packaging services (CPC 
876) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(r) Printing and publishing 
(CPC 88442) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(s) Convention services 
 (CPC 87909) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(t) Other 
    
- Exhibition management 
services (parts of CPC 87909) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
- Interior design 
(concerned parts of 
CPC 87907) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
  
                                               
* Unbound due to lack of  technical feasibility.  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 15 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
- Translation and 
interpretation services, except government authorised translators (Part of CPC 87905) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
2. COMMUNICATION 
SERVICES 
    
B. Courier Services 
 (CPC 7512)  1) None 
2) None 3) No limitations except as specified for 
transportation services 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
C. Telecommunication 
Services 
    
(a) Voice telephony 
(b) Packet-switched data 
transmission services 
(c) Circuit-switched data 
transmission  
(d) Telex services (e) Telegraph services (f) Facsimile services (g) Leased circuit services  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal 
commitments 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal 
commitments  
(o)  Other 
- Mobile and personal 
communications services and systems 
    
- Value-added services 
(excludes voice telephony, telegraph and telex, packet- and circuit-switched data 
services, mobile radio 
telephony, paging and satellite services) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 16 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND 
RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
    
A. General Construction 
Work for Buildings 
 (CPC 512)    1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
  
B. General Construction 
Work for Civil Engineering  
 (CPC 513) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
C. Installation and 
Assembly Work 
 (CPC 514, CPC 516) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  For electrical work, plumbing and water sanitation, foreign exams giving equivalent competence may be recognized on a case by case basis. 
  
D. Building Completion and 
Finishing Work  
 (CPC 517) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
E. Other    
- Pre-erection work at 
construction sites  
 (CPC 511) - Special trade 
construction work 
 (CPC 515) - Renting services relating 
to equipment for 
construction/demolition of buildings/civil engineering works, with operator  
 (CPC 518)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.     
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 17 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
4. DISTRIBUTION 
SERVICES First hand sales of raw fish and private import of alcohol are exempted 
    
A. Commission agents’ 
services (CPC 621) (Trade in arms, alcohol and pharmaceuticals exempted) 
 1) None, except unbound for electricity  
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None, except unbound for electricity 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
B. Wholesale Trade 
Services (CPC 622) (Import and trade in arms and 
pharmaceuticals 
exempted) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
- Wholesale Trade 
Services of electricity 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
C. Retailing Services 
 (CPC 631+632+6111+ 
6113+6121) (Trade in pharmaceutical products, alcohol and arms exempted) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
  
- Retail sales of electricity 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
D. Franchising 
(CPC 8929) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section    
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 18 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
5. EDUCATION SERVICES     
  Educational services 
leading to the conferring of State recognized exams and/or degrees 
 
- Primary and lower 
secondary education services 
 - Upper secondary 
education services 
 1) As 3) 
2) None 3) Primary and secondary education are public 
service functions.  Authorisation may be given to foundations an d other legal entities 
to offer additional parallel or specialized education. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None     4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  Te aching qualifications 
from abroad may be recognized, and an exam must be passed. 
  
- Higher education 
services 
 
- Adult education   Educational services not 
leading to the conferring of State recognized exams and/or degrees 
  
 
 
  1) None 2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
 
  1) None 2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
 
 With the exemption of public service func tions whether owned and operated or contract ed out by local, regional or central gove rnment. 
 
A. Wastewater 
management  
 (CPC 9401)  1) Unbound, except fo r advisory services 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound, except fo r advisory services 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
B. Solid/Hazardous waste 
management. 
 - Refuse Disposal Services  (CPC 9402)  - Sanitation and Similar 
Services (CPC 9403) 
 1) Unbound, except fo r advisory services 
2) None 3) None  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound, except fo r advisory services 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 
  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 19 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
C. Protection of ambient air 
and climate  
    
- Services to reduce 
exhaust gases and other emissions and improve air quality (CPC 94040) 1) None  
2) None 3) None  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
D. Remediation and cleanup 
of soil & water  
 - Treatment, remediation 
of contaminated/polluted soil and water (part of CPC 94060) 1) Unbound, except fo r advisory services 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound, except fo r advisory services 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
E. Noise & vibration 
abatement 
 - Noise abatement 
services (CPC 94050)  
  
1) None 2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
1) None 2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
F. Protection of biodiversity 
and landscape 
 - Nature and landscape 
protection services (part of CPC 9460) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
G. Other environmental & 
ancillary services 
 - Other environmental 
protection services not classified elsewhere (CPC 94090) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 20 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 7. FINANCIAL SERVICES  
 i. Norway undertakes commitments on financial services in accord ance with the "Understanding on Commitments in Financial Servic es" (the Understanding) of the 
WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).  ii. The market access commitments in respect of modes 1) and 2) apply to the transactions indicated in paragraphs B.3 and B.4 o f the market access section of the 
Understanding respectively. 
 
iii. The restrictions and limitations listed in the schedule unde r mode 1) apply to regulatory measures directed towards non-re sident financial service suppliers 
established outside the European Economic Area.  The limitations li sted in the schedule under mode  2) apply to regulatory measu res directed toward s financial service 
consumers residing in Norway.  iv. The following restrictions and limitations apply: 
A. Insurance and 
Insurance-Related 
Services 
 1) In addition to the services listed in 
paragraph B.3 (a) of the Understanding, 
non-resident insurance companies may 
supply insurance related to passenger vessels (including cruise vessels), ocean-going fishing vessels, offshore exploration 
or insurance contracts regarding domestic companies with an activity of at least 10-man-years or annual sales above a certain threshold. As of 2005 this threshold is set at NOK 50 million. 
  Non-resident insurance companies must 
supply the services listed above and in paragraph  B.3(a) of the Understanding through an insurance broker authorised in Norway. 
 2) None 1) None 
 
 
               2) None    
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 21 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 3) No single or coordinated group of investors 
may acquire or hold more than 10% of the share capital in a Norwegian insurance company. A foreign or Norwegian financial institution may however, subject to approval acquire and hold up to 25% of such shares when this is part of a strategic alliance agreement. Th e Ministry of Finance 
may in special circumstances make exemptions from these limitations on single investor ownership. 
  Notwithstanding the foregoing, foreign 
insurance companies may establish partly or wholly owned subsidiaries in Norway.  The other owners of such partly owned 
subsidiaries must be foreign or Norwegian 
financial institutions. 
  For subsidiaries or branches of financial 
institutions not incorporated within the European Economic Area, a separation requirement applies between life insurance, non-life insurance and credit risk insurance. 
  Insurance companies incorporated in 
Norway must be organized as joint stock companies or mutual insurance companies. Insurance brokerage firms incorporated in Norway must be organized as joint stock companies. 
 3) For mutual insurance companies the 
manager, at least half the members of the board of directors and half the members of 
the corporate assembly must be permanent residents of Norway. This requirement does not apply to citizens of a state within the European Economic Area  when residing in 
such state. The Ministry  of Trade, Industry 
and Fisheries may grant exemptions from these rules.  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 22 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
B. Banking and Other 
Financial Services (excluding insurance) 1) None 
2) None 3) No single or coordinated group of investors 
may acquire or hold more than 10% of the share capital of commercial banks, central securities depositories or financing undertakings, or more than 10% of the equity certificates of savings banks. A foreign or Norwegian financial institution may, however, subject to approval acquire and hold up to 25% of such shares, except for clearing houses, or equity certificates when this is part of a strategic alliance agreement. In addition, the Ministry of Finance may in special circumstances make exemptions from these limitations on single 
investor ownership in such institutions. 
  Notwithstanding the foregoing, foreign 
banks and financing undertakings may establish partly or wholly owned subsidiaries in Norway. The other owners of such partly owned subsidiaries must be banks or financial institutions respectively. 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None   
  Commercial banks, central securities 
depositories, secu rities firms and 
management companies for collective investment funds incorporated in Norway must be organized as joint stock companies. 
   In savings banks and financing undertakings 
which are not organized as joint stock companies, the members of decision-making bodies must be citizens  of states within the 
European Economic Ar ea and permanently 
residing in such states.  The Ministry of Finance may grant exemptions from these rules. 
  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 23 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL 
RELATED SERVICES 
    
A. Hotels and Restaurants 
    
 Hotels, camping sites 
and other commercial accommodations, restaurants, cafes, pubs, bars (CPC 641, CPC 642, CPC 643) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
B. Travel Agencies and Tour 
Operators Services 
 (CPC 7471)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
C. Tourist Guides Services 
(CPC 7472) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
10. RECREATIONAL, 
CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES 
    
B. News Agency Services 
 (CPC 962)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 24 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES     
A. Maritime Transport 
    
International transport (freight 
and passengers) (CPC 7211 and 7212 and CPC 7213 wherever applicable) International towing and pushing services (part of CPC 7214) Less domestic transport (1) and domestic towing and pushing services 1) None 
2) None 3) (a) Ships on the Norwegian Ordinary 
Ship Register (NOR).  Ships have to be owned by EEA citizens or by an EEA company  where EEA citizens own at least 60% of the capital. Exemptions from the 60% rule may be granted. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) (a) NOR:  When the ship-owning 
company is  a limited liability company, it must be headquartered in the EEA area. The majority of the members of the board, including the chairman, must be EEA citizens resident in the EEA area having resided in the EEA area the preceding two years.   
  
  (b) Ships on the Norwegian International 
Ship Register (NIS):  None  (b) NIS:  Ships with more than 40% non 
EEA ownership must have a management 
function in Norway. This may be the 
operation by a Norwegian ship-owning company with head office in Norway, or a Norwegian management company or if the ship is registered directly in the NIS by a foreign company, an EEA representative is required. Therepresentative must be domiciled in Norway and be authorised to receive a lawsuit on behalf of the ship owner. 
  
  (c) Other forms of commercial presence:  
None  (c) Other forms of commercial presence:  
None 
  
 4) (a) Ships' crew NOR:  Unbound except 
as indicated in the horizontal section. 
  (b) Ships' crew NIS:  Unbound except as 
indicated in the horizontal section. 
   (c) Shore personnel:  Unbound except 
as indicated in the horizontal section 4) (a) NOR:  Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 
  (b) NIS:  None, except for the captain 
who must be a Norwegian citizen.  Exemptions from this rule may be granted. 
  (c) Shore personnel: Unbound except as 
indicated in the horizontal section 
   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 25 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
Domestic maritime towing and pushing services, including anchor handling, servicing petroleum exploration and production (part of CPC 7214)  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) (a) Ships on the Norwegian Ordinary 
Ship Register (NOR).  Ships have to be owned by EEA citizens or by an EEA company where EEA citizens own at least 60% of the capital. Exemptions from the 60% rule may be granted. 
  (b) Other forms of commercial presence:  
None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) (a) NOR:  When the ship-owning 
company is a limited liability company, it must be headquartered in the EEA area.  The majority of the members of the board, including the chairman, must be EEA citizens resident in the EEA area, having resided in the EEA area the preceding two years.  (b) Other forms of commercial presence:  None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
Maritime auxiliary services:    
 Maritime cargo handling 
services (3) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
- Storage and warehousing 
services (CPC 742);  customs clearance services (4);  container station and depot services (5) 1) Unbound
* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
- Maritime agency services 
(6);  freight forwarding services (7) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
- Other supporting auxiliary 
transport services (8) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
                                               
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 26 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
Auxiliary services as required by maritime transport operators:   The following services are 
made available to international maritime transport suppliers on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions:  1. Pilotage 2. Towing and tug 
assistance 
3. Provisioning, fuelling, 
watering 
 
   4. Garbage collecting, 
ballast waste disposal 
5. Port Captain's services 
6. Navigation aids 7. Shore-based 
operational services essential to ship operations, including communications, water, electrical supplies 
   8. Emergency repair 
facilities  
9. Anchorage, berth, 
berthing services  
10. Container handling, 
storage and warehousing, freight transport. 
  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 27 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
    Where the road, rail, 
coastal shipping and related auxiliary services are not otherwise fully covered in this schedule, a multimodal transport operator shall have the ability to rent, hire or charter trucks, railway carriages and relate equipment, for the purpose of onward forwarding of international cargoes carried by sea, or have 
access to and use of 
these forms of transport services for the purpose of providing multimodal transport services. 
 
C. Air Transport Services  
(Definitions of services are found in the Air Transport Annex) 
    
- Computer reservations 
systems (CRS) services 1) None 
   2) None 3) None    4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound for obligations of parent or 
participating carriers in respect of a CRS controlled by an air carrier of one or more third countries 
2) None 3) Unbound for obligations of parent or 
participating carriers in respect of a CRS controlled by an air carrier of one or more third countries 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
     
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 28 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
- Selling and marketing of 
air transport services 1) None 
  2) None 3) None  1) Unbound for distribution through CRS of air 
transport services provided by CRS parent carrier. 
2) None 3) Unbound for distribution through CRS of air 
transport services provided by CRS parent carrier.  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section   
- Aircraft repair and 
maintenance services 
  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
- Ground handling 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None, except that categories of activities 
depend of the size of the airport. The number of providers in each airport can be limited due to availa ble space constraints 
and to not less than two suppliers for other reasons. Non-discriminatory pre-approval may apply. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None       4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
E. Rail Transport Services 
    
(c) Pushing and towing 
services (CPC 7113) 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
(d) Maintenance and repair 
of rail transport equipment  
 (CPC 8868)
2 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
                                               
2  Service specific constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covere d by the CPC concordance.  
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 29 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(e) Supporting services for 
rail transport services 
 (CPC 743) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
  
F. Road Transport Services 
    
(a), (b) Passenger and freight 
transportation (CPC 7121, CPC 7122, CPC 7123; not including domestic transport) 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None, except for passenger transportation 
for which regular trips and shuttle services are conditioned by an economic needs test based on traffic criteria 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None     4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(e) Supporting services for 
road transport services 
 (CPC 744) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
G. Pipeline transportation 
    
- Offshore upstream 
pipeline transportation of petroleum and natural gas. Central network control and monitoring services exempted (concerned parts of CPC 71310) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section   
  S/C/N/806  
 
- 30 - Modes of supply:  1)   Cross-border supply  2)   Consumption abroad  3)   Commercial presence  4)   Presen ce of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
H. Services Auxiliary to All 
Modes of Transport 
    
(a) Cargo-handling services 
(CPC 741) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(b) Storage and warehouse 
services (CPC 742) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
    
 
 
_______________ 
 
 
                                               
 * Unbound due to lack of  technical feasibility. S/C/N/806 
 
- 31 - 
 
  ANNEX 
UNDERSTANDING ON THE SCOPE OF COVERAGE OF CPC 84 
COMPUTER AND RELATED SERVICES 
1. CPC 84 covers all computer and related services.   
 
2. Technological developments have led to the increased offering of these services as a bundle or package of related services that can include some or all of the basic functions listed in 
paragraph 3. For example, services such as web or  domain hosting, data mining services and grid 
computing each consist of a combination of basic computer services functions.  3. Computer and related services, regardless of whether they are delivered via a network, 
including the Internet, include all services that provide any of the following or any combination 
thereof:   
 consulting, adaptation, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, 
installation, implementation, integration,  testing, debugging, updating, support, 
technical assistance, or management of or for computers or computer systems;  
 consulting, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, installation, 
implementation, integration, testing, debugging, updating, adaptation, maintenance, support, technical assistance, management or use of or for software
1;  
 data processing, data storage, data hosting or database services;  
 maintenance and repair services for office machinery and equipment, including 
computers; and 
 training services for staff of clients, related to software, computers or computer systems, 
and not elsewhere classified.   
4. In many cases, computer and related services enable the provision of other services2  by 
b o t h  e l e c t r o n i c  a n d  o t h e r  m e a n s .   H o w e v e r ,  i n  such cases, there is an important distinction 
between the computer and related service (e.g., we b-hosting or application hosting) and the other 
service2 enabled by the computer and related service. The other service, regardless of whether it 
is enabled by a computer and related service, is not covered by CPC 84.   
_______________ 
  
                                               
1  The term “software” may be define d as the sets of instructions required to make computers work 
and communicate. A number of different  programmes may be developed for specific applications (application 
software), and the customer may have a choice of using ready-made programmes  off the shelf (packaged 
software), developing specific prog rammes for particular requirements  (customized software) or using a 
combination of the two. 
2  E.g., W/120.1.A.b. (accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services), W/120.1.A.d. (architectural 
services), W/120.1.A.h. (medical and dental services), W/120.2.D (audiovisual services), W/120.5. (educational services). S/C/N/806 
 
- 32 - 
 
  ATTACHMENT 
NOTES TO MARITIME TRANSPORT 
 "Reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions" means, for the purpose of 
multimodal transport operations, the ability of the multimodal transport operator to arrange for 
the conveyance of its merchandise on a timely basis, including priority over other merchandise 
which has entered the port at a later date.  A "multimodal transport operator" means the person on whose behalf the bill of lading/multimodal transport document, or any other document 
evidencing a contract of multimodal carriage of goods, is issued and who is responsible for the 
carriage of goods pursuant to the contract of carriage.  1. "Domestic transport" is defined as maritime transport of goods and passengers between 
ports in Norway, including locations on the cont inental shelf where petroleum is explored or 
produced.  
2. "Other forms of commercial presence for th e supply of international maritime transport 
services" means the ability for international maritime transport service suppliers of the other Parties to undertake locally all activities which are necessary for the supply to their customers of a 
partially or fully integrated transport service, within which the maritime transport constitutes a 
substantial element.  (This commitment shall however not be construed as limiting in any manner the commitments undertaken under the cross-border mode of delivery).  
 These activities include, but are not limited to: 
 
a. marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services through direct contact 
with customers, from quotation to invoicing, these services being those operated or 
offered by the service supplier itself or by service suppliers with which the service seller has established standing business arrangements; 
b. the acquisition, on their own account or on behalf of their customers (and the resale to 
their customers) of any transport and related services, including inward transport services by any mode, particularly inland waterways, road and rail, necessary for the supply of the integrated service; 
c. the preparation of documentation concerning  transport documents, customs documents, 
or other documents related to the origin and character of the goods transported; 
d. the provision of business information by any means, including computerized information 
systems and electronic data interchange (subject to the provisions of the Annex on 
telecommunications); 
e. the setting of any business arrangements (including participation in the stock of a 
company) and the appointment of personnel recruited locally (or, in the case of foreign 
personnel, subject to the horizontal commitment on movement of personnel) with any locally established shipping agency; 
f. acting on behalf of the companies, organizing the call of the ship or taking over cargoes 
when required. 
3. "Maritime cargo handling services" means activities exercised by stevedore companies, 
including terminal operators, but not including the di rect activities of dockers, when this workforce 
is organized independently of the stevedoring or terminal operator companies.  The activities 
covered include the organisation and supervision of:  
 the loading/discharging of cargo to/from a ship; 
 the lashing/unlashing of cargo; S/C/N/806 
 
- 33 - 
 
   the reception/delivery and safekeeping of ca rgoes before shipment or after discharge. 
4. "Customs clearance services" (alternatively "customs house brokers' services") means 
activities consisting in carrying out on behalf of another party customs formalities concerning import, export or through transport of cargoes, whether this service is the main activity of the 
service provider or a usual complement of its main activity. 
 5. "Container station and depot services" means activities consisting in storing containers, 
whether in a port area or inland, with a view to their stuffing/stripping, repairing, and making 
them available for shipments.  6. "Maritime agency services" means the activities consisting in representing, within a given 
geographic area, as an agent the business interest s of one or more shipping lines or shipping 
companies, for the following purposes:  
 marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services, from quotation to 
invoicing, and issuance of bills of lading on behalf of the companies; acquisition and resale of the necessary related services, preparation of documentation, and provision of 
business information; 
 acting on behalf of the companies organizing the call of the ship or taking over cargoes 
when required. 
7. "Freight forwarding services" means the activity consisting of organizing and monitoring 
shipment operations on behalf of shippers, through the acquisition of transport and related 
services, preparation of documentation and provision of business information.  
8. "Other supporting and auxiliary transport se rvices" means freight brokerage services; bill 
auditing and freight rate information services;  transportation document preparation services;  
packing and crating and unpacking and de-crating  services;  freight inspection, weighing and 
sampling services; and freight receiving and acce ptance services (including local pick-up and 
delivery).  
__________