WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
WT/REG294/1 
29 August 2012 
 (12-4651) 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements  
  
 
 
 
 
FACTUAL PRESENTATION 
 
Free Trade Agreement  
between  
Turkey and Jordan 
(Goods) 
 
Report by the Secretariat 
 
 
 
 This report, prepared for the consideration of the Free Trade Agreement between Turkey and Jordan has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its own 
responsibility and in full consultation with th e Parties.  The report has been drawn up 
in accordance with the rules and proce dures contained in the Decision for a 
Transparency Mechanism for Regiona l Trade Agreements (WT/L/671).  
 Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Rohini Acharya 
(tel: +41 22 739 5874).  WT/REG294/1 
 Page iii 
 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
  Page 
 
I.  TRADE ENVIRONMENT 1  
A.  BACKGROUND  1  
II.  CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT 3  
A.  BACKGROUND INFORMATION  3  
III.  PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS 4  
A.  IMPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  4  
1.  General provisions 4  
2.  Liberalization of trade and tariff lines 5  
3.  Liberalization schedule 6  
(a)  Turkey 6  
(b)  Jordan 7  
4.  Tariff rate quotas 9  
B.  RULES OF ORIGIN  9  
C.  EXPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  10  
D.  REGULATORY PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  10  
1.  Standards 10  
(a)  Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 10  
(b)  Technical barriers to trade 11  
2.  Safeguard mechanisms 11  
(a)  General safeguards 11  
(b)  Safeguards for balance of payments reasons 11  
(c)  Other 11  
3.  Anti-dumping and countervailing measures 12  
4.  Subsidies and State-aid 12  
5.  Customs-related procedures 13  
6.  Other regulations 13  
(a)  Competition 13  
E.  SECTOR -SPECIFIC PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  14  
IV.  GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT 14  
A.  TRANSPARENCY  14  
B.  CURRENT PAYMENTS AND CAPITAL MOVEMENTS  14  
C.  EXCEPTIONS  14  
D.  ACCESSION AND WITHDRAWAL  14  
E.  INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK  14  
F.  DISPUTE SETTLEMENT  15  
G.  RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED BY THE PARTIES  16  
H.  GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  17  
I.  INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS  17  
J.  OTHER  17 
1.  Economic and technical co-operation 17  
ANNEX I 19 
ANNEX II 22 
  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 1 
 
 
   
Key Facts 
 
Parties to the Agreement:    Turkey and Jordan 
 
Date of Signature:   1 December 2009 
 
Date of Entry into Force:   1 March 2011 (goods) 
 Date of Notification:    7 March 2011 
 Date of full implementation:  2023  
 
 
 
I. TRADE ENVIRONMENT 
A. BACKGROUND  
1. The Association Agreement between Tu rkey and Jordan is Turkey's 19th regional trade 
agreement notified to the WTO and 11th outside of the European region and Jordan's sixth agreement 
notified to the WTO, all six of which are w ith partners outside the Middle-East region.1     
2. Per capita GDP in Turkey is double that in Jordan, around US$10,000 compared to US$4,500 
in Jordan in 2010.  Turkey ranks 22 in the world in terms of merchandise exports (excluding intra-EU 
trade) and 15th in terms of imports while Jordan ra nks 96 and 77 respectively.  For Turkey 
manufactures account for the largest share of expor ts and imports (77.6% and 62.5% of the total 
respectively), followed by food and agriculture for e xports (10.9%) and fuels a nd minerals for imports 
(27.4%).  Manufactures are also Jordan's largest export and import sector (72.6% and 55.8% respectively), although fuels and minerals account for a significant share of imports (24.2%).  Jordan's 
trade to GDP ratio was 116.6 in 2008-2010 and Turkey's 49.3. 
3. Bilateral trade between the Parties is relatively sm all.  Charts I.1 and I.2 below show trends in 
the parties trade in goods during the period 2000 to 2010.  Both Parties ran global merchandise trade 
deficits, which widened especially for Jordan.  In bi lateral trade Turkey's tr ade surplus with Jordan 
has continued to widen steadily. 
                                                      
1 Turkey's other extra-regional agr eements are with Israel, the Pales tinian Authority, Tunisia, Morocco, 
Syria, Egypt, Georgia, and Chile a nd the ECO and PTN agreements.  Jordan 's other extra-regional agreements 
that are in force and have been notified to the WTO are:   the Pan-Arab Free Trade Ar ea, with the United States, 
EFTA, EU and Singapore. WT/REG294/1 
Page 2  
 
  0.00.51.01.5
050100150200250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010US$billion US$billionChart I.1 - Turkey: Merchandise tr ade with world and Jordan, 2000-2010
Imports from Jordan
Exports to JordanTotal imports
Total exportsLeft hand scale: Right hand scale:
 
 
0.00.51.01.52.0
05101520
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010US$billion US$billionChart I.2 - Jordan: Merchandise tr ade with world and Turkey, 2000-2010
Imports from Turkey
Exports to TurkeyTotal imports
Total exportsLeft hand scale: Right hand scale:
 
 
 
4. Chart I.3 below shows the commodity structure of the Parties' bilateral and global trade 
during the period 2008-2010 by broad HS Section.  Of  Jordan's five largest global exports (chemicals, 
textiles, machinery, precious stones and minerals) which accounted for 68.9% of its exports, Turkey's 
main imports are chemicals, minera ls and textiles, which accounted for 86.8% of its imports.  Of 
Turkey's four largest export categories (textiles, b ase metals, vehicles and machinery) which together 
accounted for 63.6% of its global exports, all except vehicles accounted for Jordan's top three imports 
from Turkey (accounting for 48.6% of its imports).  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 3 
 
 
  18.4 
16.3 
14.6 14.3 7.4 4.6 4.5 4.3 3.8 3.3 2.4 5.9 
23.8 
15.3 
13.4 11.4 7.8 6.2 5.2 4.2 2.6 2.2 8.0 31.1 
14.1 
9.6 7.1 7.0 6.5 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.1 2.6 2.4 3.9 
22.8 
19.2 
14.7 9.2 8.6 6.1 5.7 2.1 2.0 2.0 7.6 
21.0 
15.1 
9.3 
9.1 7.8 6.7 5.8 5.5 4.0 3.5 2.4 9.8 59.3 
17.2 10.3 4.2 3.0 6.1 Chart I.3
Turkey and Jordan: product composition of merchandise trade, annual average (2008-2010)
Turkey's imports from Jordan
Jordan's imports from TurkeyPer cent
Total:  US$ 29 million
Total:  US$ 470 millionTotal:  US $176 billion
Total: US$ 15 billionTotal:  US$ 7 billion
Total:  US$ 116 billionJordan's global exports
Turkey's global exportsTurkey's global imports
Jordan's global imports
Animal products
Vegetables
Fats and oils
Prepared foodsMinerals
Chemicals
Plastics, rubber
Raw hidesArticles of wood
Wood pulp
Textiles
FootwearStone, cement
Precious stones
Base metals
MachineryVehicles
Optical
Miscellaneous
Works of artOther
 
 
 
II. CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT 
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION  
5. The Association Agreement between the Republic  of Turkey and the Hashemite Kingdom of 
Jordan (hereinafter "the Agreement") was si gned on 1 December 2009 and entered into force on 
1 March 2011.  It was notified to the WTO Under Article XXIV:7(a) of GATT 1994 and the 
Understanding on the Interpretation of  Article XXIV on 25 February 201 1.  The text and annexes of 
the Agreement are available on the Parties' websites: 
Turkey:  
http://www.economy.gov.tr/index.cfm?sayfa=trad eagreements&bolum=fta&country=JO&region=0  
 
Jordan: 
http://www.mit.gov.jo/portals/0/J O%20EN%20Agreement%20Text.pdf  
 
6. The Agreement is of indefinite duration and c onsists of 53 Articles and four annexes which 
form an integral part of the Agreement: WT/REG294/1 
Page 4  
 
  Box II.1: Structure of the Agreement 
Preamble  
Article I Objectives 
Title I Free movement of goods 
  Chapter I Industrial products 
  Chapter II Basic agricultural, processed agricultural and fishery products 
  Chapter III Common provisions 
  Chapter IV State monopolies, competition rules, payments and other economic provisions 
Title II Economic and Technical co-operation 
Title III Institutional and final provisions 
  Annex I List of products referred to in Articles 4 and 11 
  Annex II Lists referred to in Article 5 (A, B1, B2, B3) 
     Protocol I Referred to in Article 12 
        Annex I Tariff rate quotas applied by Jordan on imports of agricultural products originating in 
Turkey 
         Annex II Tariff rate quotas applied by Turkey on imports of agricultural products originating 
in Jordan 
     Protocol II Concerning the definition of the concept of 'o riginating products ' and methods of 
administrative co-operation 
 
Source:  The Agreement. 
7. The Agreement aims to increase and enhance ec onomic co-operation between the Parties and 
to raise the living standards of their populations;  to gradually eliminate difficulties and restrictions on 
trade in goods, including in agriculture;  to promot e through the expansion of reciprocal trade, the 
harmonious development of their ec onomic relations;  to provide fa ir conditions for competition in 
bilateral trade;  to create conditions for further en couragement of investments, particularly for the 
development of joint investments in both Parties;  and to promote trade and co-operation between the 
Parties in third country markets (Article 1).  A fr ee trade area is to be established between the Parties 
within a transition period of 12 years from the date of entry into force of the Agreement. 
8. The Agreement includes an evolutionary clause (A rticle 49) whereby if either Party considers 
that it would be useful and in the interests of th eir economies to extend their relations to fields not 
covered in the Agreement, it shall submit a request to the other Party.  The Association Council may 
instruct the Association Committee to examine the request and where appropriate, to make 
recommendations to them, particularly with a view  to beginning negotiations .  Agreements resulting 
from such negotiations will be subject to ratificatio n or approval by the Parties in accordance with 
their national legislation. 
III. PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  
A. IMPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  
1. General provisions 
9. The scope of tariff liberalization under the Agreement covers non-agricultural products 
(products in HS Chapters 25-97 with the excep tion of products listed in Annex I to the WTO 
Agreement on Agriculture);  a number of agricultu ral products (under HS Chapters 1-24 except those 
in Annex I) are subject to concessions in the form  of tariff rate quotas (see section 4 and Annex II 
below).  In their mutual trade covered by the Ag reement, the Parties shall apply their respective 
national customs tariffs on the classification of goods.  The base duty on which successive tariff 
reductions are to be based is the MFN duty that w as in force in the Parties on 1 January 2009.  Any 
additional tariff reductions after 1 January 2009, in particular, resu lting from tariff negotiations in the 
WTO, are to be applied on an erga omnes  basis and replace the base rate.  In this regard, the Parties 
are to communicate their respective b ase duties to each other (Article 3).  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 5 
 
 
  10. With regard to products under Chapters 25- 97 covered by the Agreement, no new customs 
duties or charges having equivalent effect are to be  introduced, nor shall existing duties or equivalent 
charges be increased, other than as permitted by the Agreement (Article 4), not ably under Article 17 
for structural adjustment purposes (see Section D2 below);  these provisions also apply to customs 
duties of a fiscal nature (Article 6).  Customs duti es are to be either abolished immediately or reduced 
annually between 1 January 2011 a nd 1 January 2018 when the remaining duties and charges for these 
products are to be eliminated;  different tari ff reduction rates are applied between 2011 and 2018 
depending upon whether the product is in Category B1 , B2 or B3 of Annex II.  Arrangements to be 
applied to products in List A of Annex II to the Ag reement are to be re-examined by the Association 
Council three years after the entry into force of the Agreement (2014).  During its examination the 
Council will determine the transition period which would apply to the elimination of tariffs on these 
products. 
11. The Parties commit themselves to apply any inte rnal taxes and other charges and regulations 
in accordance with Article III of the GATT 1994 a nd other relevant WTO Agreements (Article 15). 
12. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article  14 and 19 (special a nd general safeguards 
respectively) Article 8 prohibits as of the date of  entry into force of the Agreement new quantitative 
restrictions on imports or measures having equivalent effect on trade between the Parties.  In addition 
all existing quantitative restrictions and measures ha ving equivalent effect were abolished in trade 
between the Parties on the date of en try into force of the Agreement.  
2. Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  
13. Overall tariff elimination is shown in Tables III.1A  and B for Turkey and Jordan respectively.  
Table III.1A shows that in 2011 a little less than a qua rter of Turkey's tariff was duty free on an MFN 
basis, corresponding to 22.9% of its average imports from Jordan during 2008-10.2  As a result of the 
Agreement, Turkey liberalized a further 9,669 tari ff lines or around 58.8% of its tariff for imports 
from Jordan.  This liberalization corresponded to al most three quarters of its imports from Jordan 
during 2008-10.  At the end of liberalization 2,95 7 lines (18%) will remain dutiable, corresponding to 
around 2.5% of Turkey's imports from Jordan.    
14. Table III.1B, shows that when the Agreement en tered into force in 2011 53.4% of Jordan's 
tariff (3,441 lines) was already duty free on an MF N basis, corresponding to 42.4% of its imports 
from Turkey during 2008-10.3  As a result of the entry into force of the Agreement 554 tariff lines 
were liberalized for imports from Turkey in 2011,  corresponding to 5.3% of imports from Turkey in 
2008-10.  Further liberalization is to take place in  2014, 2017, when the bulk of liberalization takes 
place (1,292 lines), and in 2018.  At the end of liber alization in 2018, 716 tariff lines (11.1%) are to 
remain subject to duties, corresponding to 13.8% of its imports from Turkey. 
                                                      
2 Turkey's applied MFN tariff in 2011 consisted of 16 ,448 lines at the HS-12 digit level.  Of these, 
16,170 (98.31%) have ad valorem  rates of duty.  Of the remainder, 195, 55 and 26 lines respectively had 
compound, mixed and specific rates of duty;  2 lines had other duties.  In its calculations the Secretariat has used 
only the ad valorem  part of compound and mixed rates of duty. 
3 Jordan's applied MFN tariff in 2011 consisted of 6,449 lines at the HS-8 digit level.  Of these, 12 lines 
carry non ad valorem  rates of duty, 7 compound and 4 specific;  1 line has no duty rate.  In its calculations, the 
Secretariat has used only the ad valorem  part of the compound rates of duty. WT/REG294/1 
Page 6  
 
  Table III.1 
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade 
A. Turkey 
Duty phase-out 
period Number of lines % of total lines in 
Turkey's tariff 
schedule Value of Turkey's imports 
from Jordan 
(2008-2010) in million US$ % of Turkey's total 
imports from Jordan 
2008-2010 
MFN duty free 
(2011) 3,822 23.2 6.7 22.9 
2011 9,669 58.8 21.9 74.6 
Remain dutiable 2,957 18.0 0.7 2.5 
Total 16,448 100.00 29.3 100.0 
 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provided by Turkey. 
 
 
Table III.1 
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade 
B. Jordan 
Duty phase-out 
period Number of lines % of total lines in 
Jordan's tariff 
schedule Value of Jordan's imports 
from Turkey  
(2008-2010) in million US$ % of Jordan's total 
imports from Turkey 
2008-2010 
MFN duty free (2011) 3,441 53.4 196.6 42.4 
2011 554 8.6 24.5 5.3 
2014 190 2.9 13.5 2.9 
2017 1,292 20.0 148.5 32.0 
2018 256 4.0 16.6 3.6 
Remain dutiable 716 11.1 64.2 13.8 
Total 6,449 100.0 464.0 100.0 
 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provided by Jordan. 
 
3. Liberalization schedule 
(a) Turkey 
15. Details of Turkey's liberalization schedule ar e given in Table III.2 and Chart III.1 below.  
Table III.2 shows following liberalization under the Ag reement in 2011, Turkey will still apply tariffs 
on imports from Jordan principally in HS Sections I-IV but also IX and XII, while some tariffs also 
remain in HS Sections VI, XIII and VIII and XII, an d to a lesser extent in Sections VI, XIII and XV.  
Average final tariffs remaining are highest for S ections I-IV, ranging from 28% to 80.2%.  Chart III.1 
below shows that average remaining tariffs are high est in HS Chapters 2, 4, 16 and 10, ranging from 
65.5% for Chapter 10 up to 126.8% for Chapter 2.  
Table III.2 
Turkey:  Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS section 
HS 
section  MFN 
average%  Total  
No of lines  MFN 2011  Number of duty-free lines Remain 
Dutiable Avg. Final Tariff 
(Dutiable) a 2011
I 71.7 892 93 3 796 80.2 
II 29.1 776 80 10 686 32.3 
III 22.7 201 31 8 162 28.0 
IV 47.2 1,067 76 13 978 50.8 
V 1.2 421 233 188   
VI 4.7 3,046 633 2,374 39 9.9 
VII 4.1 483 115 368   
VIII 2.9 220 60 160   
IX 1.9 322 175 147   
X 0.0 441 441    
XI 7.9 2,332 91 2,049 192 9.3 
XII 7.3 154 3 79 72 7.3 
XIII 3.9 424 48 352 24 1.5 
Table III.2 (Cont'd) WT/REG294/1 
 Page 7 
 
 
  HS 
section  MFN 
average%  Total  
No of lines  MFN 2011  Number of duty-free lines Remain 
Dutiable Avg. Final Tariff 
(Dutiable) a 2011
XIV 1.1 94 65 29   
XV 4.3 1,846 628 1,210 8 14.9 
XVI 2.0 2,344 709 1,635   
XVII 5.2 442 53 389   
XVIII 2.2 573 205 368   
XIX 2.2 28 5 23   
XX 2.6 328 64 264   
XXI 0.0 14 14    
Total 12.0 16,448 3,822 9,699 2,957 48.4 
 
a average of ad valorem  tariffs and ad valorem  component of non- ad valorem  duties. 
-- specific duties 
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs, on ly the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for the calc ulation of  
 averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Turkey.  
020406080100120140
123456789 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 9 3 3 3 5 3 8 5 7 6 1 6 2 6 4 6 9 7 2
HS ChapterMFN PreferentialChart III.1
Turkey: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter
Average rate of duty (%)  
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs only the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for the calcu lation of  
averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem parts of alternate rates are included.
For HS Chapter 33 the preferential tariff only contains specific duty.
Source :  WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Turkey.  
 
 
(b) Jordan 
Details of Jordan's tariff liberalization for imports  from Turkey are shown in Table III.3 and Chart 
III.2 below.  No tariffs in HS Sections I-IV are liberalized under the Agreement.  At the end of 
implementation the lines remaining subject to tari ffs for imports from Turkey are mainly found in 
Sections I-IV, XI and XII.  Final average rates of  duty for these lines are highest for Section IV, XIV, 
XII, III and XV.  Chart III.2 shows the same inform ation according to HS Chapter.  While average 
remaining tariffs in most Chapters are around 20 %, the highest average tariffs are found in 
Chapters 22 (beverages, spirits and vinegar) a nd 24 (tobacco) of 131% and 106% respectively.  
 WT/REG294/1 
Page 8  
 
  Table III.3 
Jordan: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS section 
HS 
section  MFN 
average%  Total No. of 
lines  Number of duty-free linesNo. of lines 
remaining 
dutiable Avg. Final Tariff 
(Dutiable) 
% MFN 2011 2011 2014 2017 2018 
I 9.9 258 94     164 15.5 
II 15.6 321 91     230 21.8 
III 11.0 67 38     29 25.5 
IV 27.9 266 90     176 42.4 
V 8.0 171 106 16 4 45    
VI 1.8 950 767 89 49 42 2 1 6.5 
VII 5.1 306 188 28 43 47    
VIII 12.9 73 36  3 29  5 10.0 
IX 11.1 134 67 18  48 1   
X 11.8 230 106 25 8 91    
XI 8.3 842 475 22 5 86 195 59 19.8 
XII 26.2 50 5 2  21 2 20 28.0 
XIII 16.4 193 60 22 8 95 2 6 23.3 
XIV 15.1 60 5 24 1 22 6 2 30.0 
XV 10.5 797 388 123 36 238 8 4 25.0 
XVI 8.4 1,041 660 86 11 256 28   
XVII 8.3 221 128 37 5 44 7   
XVIII 13.1 293 107 46 14 126    
XIX 25.8 24  8  16    
XX 23.1 143 29 7 3 79 5 20 30.0 
XXI 23.3 9 1 1  7    
Total 10.0 6,449 3,441 554 190 1,292 256 716 25.7 
 
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs, on ly the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for the calc ulation of  
 averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :   WTO estimates based on data provided by Jordan. 
 
020406080100120140
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 34 43 57 61 62 64 68 69 71 72 94Chart III.2
Jordan: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter
Average rate of duty (%)  
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs only the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for the calcu lation of  
averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem parts of alternate rates are included.
Source :  WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Jordan.MFN = Preferential rateHS Chapter
 
  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 9 
 
 
  4. Tariff rate quotas 
16. Both Parties apply tariff rate quotas (TRQs)  on imports of certain agricultural products 
(defined according to the WTO Agreement on Agri culture).  Turkey's TRQs are for products 
including mainly fruit and vegetables, eggs, sugar, c hocolate, pasta and bread.  Jordan's TRQs are for 
products including mainly fish, fruit and vegetables, nuts, sugar, chocolate, pasta and bread.  In 
general imports of these products within the a nnual quota are subject to zero rates of duty (100% 
margin of preference over the prevailing MFN rate ) with in some cases a 20% margin of preference 
over the MFN rate being provided (Annex II below).  There are no provisions in the Agreement either 
to phase out the TRQ or to increase the quota  once the Agreement is fully implemented.   
B. RULES OF ORIGIN  
17. Rules of origin are covered in Article 22 and Protocol II which also lays down provisions on 
customs administration and administrative co-operati on.  Under Protocol II originating products are 
defined as:  (i) those wholly obtained in Jordan an d Turkey within the meaning of Article 5 of the 
Agreement;  and (ii) products obtained in the Pa rties which have not been wholly obtained there 
provided that such materials have undergone suffici ent working or processing in Jordan or Turkey 
within the meaning of Article 6 which considers such  products to be sufficiently worked or processed 
when the conditions set out in Annex II are fulfille d.  Annex II lists working or processing that can 
confer origin on non-origina ting goods and ranges from inputs whose value does not exceed in 
general 30% or 50% of the ex-works price of th e product.  In certain cases the value should not 
exceed 20%, or 60% of the ex-works price of  the product.  Notwithstanding these rules, 
non-originating products which do not qualify under the conditions indicated, may nevertheless be 
used provided that their total value does not exceed 10% of the ex-works price of the product, and any 
of the percentages given in the list for the ma ximum value of non-originating materials are not 
exceeded.  This de minimis  rule does not apply to HS Chapters 50-63 (textiles and clothing which are 
generally subject to a requirement that non-origin ating inputs must not exceed 50% of the ex-works 
price of the product) (Article 6).  It also does not apply to operations considered as insufficient 
working or processing to confer the status of origin ating product, regardless of whether they meet the 
conditions of Article 6 such as operations to preser ve products in good conditi on during transport and 
storage, breaking up and assembly of packages etc. (Article 7).  Certain inputs such as accessories, 
spare parts and tools dispatched with a piece of eq uipment, machine apparatus or vehicles which are 
considered to be part of the normal equipment and included in its price as well as sets when all component products are originating are considered  under Articles 9 and 10 to be originating.  
Determining the origin of neutral elements such as energy and fuel, plant and equipment, machines 
and tools and goods which do not a nd are not intended to enter into the final composition of the 
product is not required (Article 11).   
18. Subject to a few exceptions, the conditions for ac quiring originating status must be fulfilled in 
the Parties without interruption.  The exceptions a pply to cumulation (see below) and goods that are 
exported by the Parties and re-imported if it can be  demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs 
authorities that they are the same as those expor ted, they have no undergone any operation beyond 
that necessary to preserve them in good condition while in the country or while being exported.  Materials that are exported from the Parties and re -imported after working or processing in a third 
party may qualify for originating status if the mate rials are wholly obtained in the Parties or have 
undergone working or processing beyond the operations in Article 7 (insufficient working or 
processing) prior to export;  and it can be demonstr ated to the satisfaction of the customs authorities 
that the re-imported goods have been obtained by working or processing the exported materials;  and 
the total value added acquired outside the Parties does not exceed 10% of the ex-works price of the 
end product for which originating status is claimed (Article 12). WT/REG294/1 
Page 10  
 
  19. The Agreement permits diagonal cumulation betw een the Parties, EFTA, and the EU and the 
countries which are participants in the euro-Med iterranean partnership based on the Barcelona 
Declaration adopted at the euro-Mediterra nean Conference on 27 and 28 November 1995
4, provided 
that the working or processing goes beyond the operations in Article 7 (see above).  Where it does not go beyond these operations, the product shall be consid ered originating in either of the Parties only 
where the value added there is greater than the valu e of the materials used originating in any of the 
countries mentioned above.   
20. Duty drawback or exemptions from customs duty are prohibited by Article 15 of Protocol II 
to the Agreement.  However, Jordan may, except for products under HS Chapters 1-24, apply 
drawback of or exemption from customs duties or charges having equivalent effect, applicable to 
non-originating materials used in the manufacture of  originating products, as follows:  a 5% rate of 
customs duty shall be retained for products in Chapters 25-49 and 64-97 or a lower rate as in force in Jordan;  and 10% for products in Chapters  50-63 or lower as in force in Jordan.   
21. All goods qualifying for preferential treatment  must be transported directly between the 
Parties or through the territories of the other countri es with which cumulation is permitted.  However, 
products constituting one consignment may be tr ansported through other territories, with 
trans-shipment or temporary warehousing in these territories provided that they remain under the surveillance of the customs authorities in the coun try of transit or warehousing and do not undergo 
operations other than unl oading, reloading or any operation de signed to preserve them in good 
condition (Article 13).  Finally, Title V (Articl es 16-31) detail procedures and proof of origin. 
C. E
XPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  
22. The Agreement does not permit new customs dut ies or new quantitative restrictions on 
exports or charges or measures having equivalent e ffect on trade between the Parties from its date of 
entry into force.  In addition, all existing cust oms duties or quantitative restrictions on exports or 
charges or measures having equivalent effect on trad e between the Parties shall be abolished as of the 
date of entry into force of the Agreement (Articles 7 and 9 respectively).  This prohibition is without 
prejudice to the provisions of Article 45 of the Agreement on general excep tions and other related 
provisions of GATT 1994. 
23. Under Article 15 exports may not benefit from re funds of internal indirect taxation, which 
exceeds the amount of indirect taxation that has di rectly or indirectly been imposed on products 
exported to the territory of one of the Parties. 
D. REGULATORY PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  
1. Standards 
(a) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 
24. Under Article 13 the Parties agree to not apply th eir regulations in SPS matters as an arbitrary 
or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on their mutual trade.  Their rights and obligations with respect to SPS measures shall be governed by th e WTO Agreement on Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary measures. 
                                                      
4 These partners are Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, West Bank and 
Gaza Strip.  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 11 
 
 
  (b) Technical barriers to trade 
25. The Parties' rights and obligations with resp ect to technical regulations, standards and 
conformity assessment are governed by the WTO Agre ement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT).  
The Parties also agree to strengthen co-operation in technical regulations, standards, conformity 
assessment, metrology and accreditation with a view  to increasing mutual understanding of their 
respective systems and facilitating access to their ma rkets, thereby preparing the ground for mutual 
recognition agreements.  Consultati ons will be held in the Association Committee to implement these 
objectives.  Without prejudice to their rights and obligations under the TBT Agreement, the Parties agree to hold immediate consultations in the A ssociation Committee if either Party has taken 
measures that have created or are likely to create an obstacle to trade, to find an appropriate solution 
in conformity with the TBT Agreement.  The Part ies also agree to revise their existing bilateral 
co-operation agreement in standardization signed in  1998 (Article 10).  According to the Parties not 
steps have been taken in this regard to date.  
2. Safeguard mechanisms 
(a) General safeguards 
26. Other than reiterating the Parties' rights and obligations under Article XIX of GATT 1994 and 
the WTO Agreement on Safeguards which allows them to take safeguard measures in the event of any 
product being imported into either of the Parties in such increased quantities, the Agreement does not 
confer any additional rights or obligations on the Parties (Article 19). 
(b) Safeguards for balance of payments reasons 
27. Where either Party is experiencing serious bala nce of payments difficulties or is under threat 
thereof, the Party concerned may under Article 27, in accordance with the conditions laid down within 
GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreements adopt restrictive measures.  These measures shall be of limited duration and may not go beyond that necessary to reme dy the balance of payments situation.  The 
Party concerned shall inform the other Party fo rthwith of the introduction of such measures and 
present it, as soon as possible, with a time schedule for their removal. 
(c) Other 
(i) Special safeguards 
28. Notwithstanding any other provisions in the Agre ement and given the particular sensitivity of 
agricultural products, if agricultural imports from a Party which are subject to concessions under the 
Agreement cause or threaten to cause serious injury to markets or their domestic regulatory 
mechanisms in the other Party, both Parties sha ll enter into consultations immediately to find an 
appropriate solution following notif ication and consultation procedur es outlined in Article 21 of the 
Agreement (see section IV.F below).
  The Parties indicate that no such measures are in place 
currently.   
(ii) Re-export and serious shortages 
29. The Parties may also take measures in cases where compliance with Articles 7 and 9 of the 
Agreement, (which deal respectiv ely with the elimination of customs duties and charges having 
equivalent effect on exports and quantitative restrictions and meas ures having equivalent effect on 
exports), leads to (i) re-exports towards a third party against which the exporting Party maintains for 
the product concerned quantitative export restric tions, export duties or measures or charges having 
equivalent effect;  or (ii) a serious shortage, or threat thereof, of a product essential to the exporting WT/REG294/1 
Page 12  
 
  Party and where such situations give rise to or are likely to give rise to major difficulties for the 
exporting Party.  In such cases, the Party wishing to take measures must follow procedures laid down 
in Article 21 of the Agreement (see section IV.F  below).  The measures must be non-discriminatory 
and shall be eliminated when conditions no longer ju stify their maintenance (Article 20).  According 
to the Parties there are no such  measures in place currently.  
(iii) Structural adjustment 
30. Article 17 of the Agreement permits Jordan  to take exceptional measures of limited 
derogation to protect infant industries or certain se ctors undergoing restructuring or facing difficulties, 
particularly where the difficulties produce important  social problems.  In such cases Jordan may 
increase customs duties on imports from Turkey but so that the duty does not exceed 25% and must 
continue to maintain an element of preference for products originating in Turkey, where according to 
the Parties "an element of preference" indicates th at Turkey shall be granted a preferential rate 
compared to third countries even in the case of such an increase.   In addition, the total value of 
imports subject to such measures may not exceed 20 % of total imports of i ndustrial products (covered 
by HS Chapters 25-97) from Turkey during the l ast year for which statistics are available. 
31. The measures may be applied for a period not exceeding five years unless authorized by the 
Association Committee and in any case must cease to be applied at the end of the transition period 
(2018).  No such measures can be introduced if more than three years have passed since the 
elimination of all duties and quantitative restricti ons and charges or measures having an equivalent 
effect concerning the product. 
32. Jordan must inform the Association Committee of its intention to take such measures.  
Consultations will be held in the Committee at the request of Turkey on the measures and the sectors 
for which they are intended before they are applied.   When taking the measures Jordan must provide 
the Committee with a schedule for the eliminatio n of the customs duties it applies under this 
provision, including a phasing out of the duties at the latest two years after their introduction, in equal instalments.  The Association Committee may decide on a different schedule.  Jordan indicates that no 
measures have been taken to date. 
3. Anti-dumping and countervailing measures 
33. Article 18 maintains the Parties' rights and obligations under the Agreement on 
Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 a nd the rules established by the Agreement on 
Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994.  Acco rding to these rights, if a Party finds that 
dumping, within the meaning of Article VI is ta king place in trade relations governed by the 
Agreement, it may take appropriate measures as pe rmitted by Article VI.  No  additional rights or 
obligations are conferred by the Agreement with regard to the application of anti-dumping and 
countervailing measures by the Parties. 
4. Subsidies and State-aid 
34. Under Article 26 of the Agreement the Parties ma intain their rights and obligations in respect 
of subsidies under Articles VI and XVI of the GATT 1994, the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures and the WTO Agreemen t on Agriculture.  For practices that are 
incompatible with these provisions, in cases where the GATT 1994 and WTO provisions apply, appropriate measures may only be taken in conform ity with procedures and conditions laid down by 
the GATT and WTO Agreements and any other rele vant instrument negotiated under its auspices 
which are applicable between the Parties.  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 13 
 
 
  35. On State-aid the Parties agree to ensure tran sparency requiring furthermore, that upon request 
by one Party, the other Party provide informa tion on particular individual cases of State-aid 
(Article 26).  Jordan is permitted to take excep tional measures of limited duration in the form of 
increased customs duties on imports from Turkey for protection of infant industries or for certain 
sectors that are being restructured or face diffi culties, in particular where the difficulties produce 
important social problems (see Section 2 above).  Jo rdan indicates that no such measures are currently 
in force.   Article 23 of the Agreement commits the Parti es to progressively adjust any state monopoly 
of a commercial character so as to ensure that by  the end of the fifth year following the entry into 
force of the Agreement (2016), no discrimination regarding the conditions under which goods are 
procured and marketed will exist between their nationals. 
5. Customs-related procedures 
36. Administrative co-operation arrangements between the customs authorities of the Parties are 
detailed under Title VI of Protocol II to the Agreem ent (Articles 32-36).  The Parties agree that their 
customs authorities shall provide each other mutual a ssistance.  Verification of proofs of origin shall 
take place at random or whenever the cust oms authorities have reasonable doubts about the 
authenticity of documents provided.  If the customs authorities of the importing Party suspend 
preferential treatment while awaiting the results of verification of documents by the exporting Party's 
customs authorities, release of the products sha ll be offered to the importer subject to any 
precautionary measures judged necessa ry.  The customs authorities requesting verification should be 
informed of the results as soon as possible.  If in cases of reasonable doubt there is no response within 
ten months of the verification request or if the reply does not contain sufficient information to 
determine the authenticity of the document in ques tion or the real origin of the products, the 
requesting customs authorities, shall, except in exceptional circumstances, refuse preferential 
treatment (Article 33).  Any disputes on the veri fication procedure which cannot be settled between 
the customs authorities or any questions on the interp retation of Protocol II shall be submitted to the 
Association Committee (Article 34).  The Parties may impose penalties for any person who draws up 
or causes to be drawn up, a document containing in correct information for the purpose of obtaining 
preferential treatment (Article 35). 
6. Other regulations 
(a) Competition 
37. Article 25 declares the following to be incomp atible with the proper implementation of the 
Agreement, insofar as they affect  trade between the Parties:  (a) all agreements between undertakings, 
decisions by associations of undertakings and c oncerted practices between undertakings which have 
as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition;  and (b) abuse by one or more undertakings of dominant position in the territories of the Parties as a whole or in a 
substantial part thereof.  If the Parties consider that a particular practice is incompatible with these 
conditions and if such practice causes or threatens to cause serious prejudice to the interests of the 
other Party or material injury to its domestic i ndustry, including services, it may take appropriate 
measures as provided under Article 21 (notification and consultations procedures).  To increase 
mutual understanding of their respective systems, the Parties also agree to cooperate, exchange experiences and provide mutual technical experience in their competition laws and policies.  They 
shall consult each other in the Association Committ ee to meet the objectives set out in this Article 
including the exchange of information taki ng into account the limitations imposed by the 
requirements of professional and business secrecy. WT/REG294/1 
Page 14  
 
  E. S
ECTOR -SPECIFIC PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  
38. Apart from an agreement to cooperate in ce rtain fields, including agriculture, industry, 
services, and transport (see J.1 below), there are no sector specific provisions in the Agreement. 
IV. GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT 
A. TRANSPARENCY  
39. There are no specific provisions in the Agreement on transparency.  However, various 
Articles provide for an exchange of information and notifications between the Parties such as on 
customs co-operation with regard to rules of origin, competition, State aid, as well as economic and technical co-operation in the various fields identified by Title II (see Section J below). 
B. C
URRENT PAYMENTS AND CAPITAL MOVEMENTS  
40. The only provision on payments is in Article  24 which requires any payment arising from 
trade between the Parties to be made in convertible currency, in  accordance with their respective 
national legislations. 
C. EXCEPTIONS  
41. Articles 45 and 46 of the Agreement, respectiv ely, cover security and general exceptions.  
Nothing in the Agreement will prevent the Parti es from taking any measures which they consider 
necessary to their essential security interests as long as the measures are consistent with Article XXI 
of the GATT 1994.  Article 46 permits prohibitions or  restrictions on imports , exports or goods in 
transit on the grounds of public morality, policy or  security;  the protection of health and human, 
animal or plant life;  the protection of national treasures possessing artistic, historic or archaeological value;  and the protection of intellectual, industr ial and commercial property.  Such prohibitions or 
restrictions, however, must not constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction 
on trade between the Parties. 
D. A
CCESSION AND WITHDRAWAL  
42. There are no provisions for third party accessions to the Agreement.  Either Party may 
withdraw from the Agreement through a written notifi cation to the other Party.  The Agreement will 
terminate on the first day of the seventh month fo llowing the date on which the other Party received 
the notice of denunciation (Article 52). 
E. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK  
43. The Agreement establishes the Turkey-Jordan A ssociation Council headed by Ministers in 
charge of foreign trade and including officials and public sector representatives of the Parties (Articles 40-42).  It meets at least once a year in accordance  with the conditions laid down in its rules of 
procedure.  Its function is to review progress ma de in implementing the Agreement and to examine 
any major issues arising from the Agreement, includi ng its economic and social impact and any other 
bilateral or international issues of mutual interest.  The Parties indicate that the Association Council has not yet met.  The Council has the power to take decisions and make recommendations by 
agreement between the two Parties with regard to its functions under the Agreement.  Its decisions 
shall be binding upon the Parties who shall take the measures necessary to implement the decisions 
taken.  The Council may also, if necessary, establish working groups or bodies to implement the Agreement.  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 15 
 
 
  44. The Association Council may also delegate any of its powers, in full or in part, to the 
Association Committee.  The Asso ciation Committee, formed under Article 43 is responsible for 
settling disputes between the Parties (see Section F be low).  It shall meet at an appropriate level 
whenever necessary at the request of the Parties but at least once annually, alternatively in Turkey and 
Jordan.  The Parties indicate th at the Association Committee has not  yet met.  The Committee will 
have the power to take decisions for the implemen tation of the Agreement in those areas delegated to 
it by the Council.  Like the Council, the Committee' s decisions shall be taken by agreement between 
the Parties and shall be binding upon them to take  the necessary measures to implement the decisions 
taken. 
F. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT  
45. Under Article 48, which describes the Agreement' s dispute settlement procedures, the Parties 
agree to take all necessary measur es to ensure that the objectives of and their obligations under the 
Agreement are met.  If, however, either Party cons iders that the other Party has failed to fulfil an 
obligation under the Agreement, or if there is a di spute relating to the interpretation of the provisions 
of the Agreement, it may refer the dispute to th e Association Committee.  A decision taken by the 
Committee settling the dispute must be fully implemente d by the Parties.  If the dispute has not been 
settled by the Committee within 60 days of being refe rred to it, or within such other period as the 
Committee has agreed, the complaining Party must re quest the other Party in writing to establish an 
arbitration tribunal.  The arbitration tribunal shall be composed of three members.  Each Party must 
appoint one member within 30 days of receipt of  the request to establish the tribunal;  the third 
appointee who serves as the chairman of the tribun al must be chosen by the two members within 
30 days of their nomination.  The Parties are to di scuss the development of rules for the selection and 
conduct of members of the arbitration panel and its model rules of procedure at the first meeting of 
the Association Committee.  
46. The tribunal must present its initial report to th e Parties within 90 days of the third member 
being appointed.  The tribunal shall base its report on the relevant provisions of the Agreement and 
the arguments of the Parties and make recommendati ons to resolve the dispute.  The tribunal may 
modify its report after considering any comments by the Parties on its initial report and any further 
examination it considers appropriate.  The final re port will be presented to the Association Committee 
within 30 days of presenting the initial report. 
47. Based on the final report by the arbitral tr ibunal the Association Committee will take its 
decision to settle the dispute and the Parties ar e bound to take the necessary steps needed to 
implement the decision.  If the Party complained against fails to implement the Committee's decision, 
the complaining Party is entitled to take measur es in line with the Committee's decision.    
48. In addition to Article 48, Article 21 provid es notification and consultation procedures 
between the Parties for some issues including saf eguards (Special Safeguards, Re-export and serious 
shortage), competition, subsidies and failure to fu lfil obligations under the Ag reement (Article 47).  
Article 21 requires that before the Parties take measures permitted under the Agreement, they shall 
endeavour to resolve any differences through direct  consultations.  A Part y which is considering 
taking such measures must promptly notify the Asso ciation Committee and provide it with all relevant 
information and give it any assistance required to  examine the case.  Consultations between the 
Parties shall take place without delay in the Co mmittee with a view to finding a commonly acceptable 
solution.   
49. If the Party complained against fails to end th e objectionable practice within 30 days of the 
matter being notified to the Association Committee and in the absence of a decision by the Committee 
on the matter, the Party wishing to take the measure s it feels are necessary, can do so.  Any measures 
taken must be notified immediately to  the Committee and shall be restrict ed with regard to their extent WT/REG294/1 
Page 16  
 
  and duration to that strictly necessary to rectify the situation giving rise to their application and shall 
not be in excess of the damage caused by the practice or the difficulty in question.  Priority shall be 
given to measures that least disturbs the functioning  of the Agreement.  The measures will be subject 
to regular consultations in the Association Comm ittee with a view to their relaxation or abolition 
when conditions no longer justify their maintenance. 
50. Where exceptional circumstances require i mmediate action and make prior examination 
impossible, the Party concerned may apply precau tionary measures that are strictly necessary to 
remedy the situation.  The measures are to be no tified immediately to the Association Committee and 
consultations between the Parties ar e to take place in the Committee.  
G. R
ELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED BY THE PARTIES  
Table IV.1 
Turkey and Jordan:  Participation in other RTAs (not ified and non-notified in force), as at August 2012 
Partner / Agreement Date of 
entry  
into force Type of 
agreement GATT/WTO Notification 
Year WTO Provision 
TURKEY 
Chile 01.03.11 Goods 2011 GATT Art. XXIV 
Serbia 01.09.10 Goods 2010 GATT Art. XXIV 
Montenegro 01.03.10 Goods 2010 GATT Art. XXIV 
Georgia 01.11.08 Goods 2009 GATT Art. XXIV 
Albania 01.05.08 Goods 2008 GATT Art. XXIV 
Egypt 01.03.07 Goods 2007 Enabling  Clause 
Syria 01.01.07 Goods 2007 GATT Art. XXIV 
Morocco 01.01.06 Goods 2006 GATT Art. XXIV 
Tunisia 01.07.05 Goods 2005 GATT Art. XXIV 
Palestinian Authority 01.06.05 Goods 2005 GATT Art. XXIV 
Bosnia and Herzegovina 01.07.03 Goods 2003 GATT Art. XXIV 
Croatia 01.07.03 Goods 2003 GATT Art. XXIV 
FYROM 01.09.00 Goods 2001 GATT Art. XXIV 
Israel 01.05.97 Goods 1998 GATT Art. XXIV 
EU 01.01.96 Goods 1995 GATT Art. XXIV 
EFTA 01.04.92 Goods 1992 GATT Art. XXIV 
ECO 17.02.92 Goods 1992 Enabling  Clause 
PTN 11.02.73 Goods 1971 Enabling  Clause 
JORDAN 
Singapore 22.08.05 Goods & Services 2006 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS V 
EU 01.05.02 Goods 2002 GATT Art. XXIV 
EFTA 01.01.02 Goods 2002 GATT Art. XXIV 
United States 17.12.01 Goods & Services 2002 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS V 
PAFTA 01.01.98 Goods 2006 GATT Art. XXIV 
Israel 19.04.96 Goods Not notified  
Agadir 06.07.06 Goods Not notified  
FYROM: Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. 
ECO:  Economic Cooperation Organization. 
PTN: PROTOCOL ON TRADE NEGOTIATIONS. PAFTA:  PAN-ARAB FREE TRADE AREA. 
 
Source: WTO Secretariat.  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 17 
 
 
  H. GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  
51. Under Article 29 the Parties agree on the objectiv e of a progressive liberalization of public 
procurement.  The Association Council is to hold consultations on the implementation of this 
objective.  The Parties indicate that no such  consultations have been held to date. 
I. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS  
52. The Parties agree to provide suitable and effec tive protection of intellectual, industrial and 
commercial property rights in line with the WTO Ag reement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual 
Property Rights (TRIPS).  They agree to regularly assess implementation of this commitment.  If difficulties which affect trade arise in connection w ith intellectual, industrial and commercial property 
rights, either Party may request urgent consultations  to reach a mutually satis factory solution in the 
Association Committee. 
J. O
THER  
1. Economic and technical co-operation 
53. Title II of the Agreement (Articles 30-39) d eals with economic and technical co-operation 
between the Parties.  Its objectives include effort s to develop mutual economic, scientific, technical 
and commercial co-operation;  and to promote a nd facilitate continuously  the enhancement and 
diversification of trade and economic and technical co-ope ration between their economic 
establishments, enterprises, organizations and institu tions within the framework of their respective 
rules and regulations and their international obliga tions.  Turkey will prioritize technical co-operation 
for Jordan in the primary fields of economic co- operation listed in Article 33 (industry, agriculture, 
services, transportation, small and medium sized  enterprises and trade development, including 
business co-operation).  Finally, the Parties wi ll encourage operations designed to develop 
co-operation among the countries of the region and particularly those in the Euro-Mediterranean 
Partnership. 
54. The focus of co-operation and technical assistance will be primarily on:  infant industries, 
sectors suffering from "internal difficulties"5 or affected by the liberalization of mutual trade;  and 
areas likely to bring the economies of the Parties cl oser together;  capacity building and training 
programmes which would assist in creating the necessary institutions and human resources for 
implementation of the Agreement.  Co-operation and technical assistance will also encourage the implementation of measures designed to develop intr a-regional co-operation;  support joint ventures, 
twinning initiatives and joint investments by the private sector;  and support joint marketing and 
promotion of the Parties' products and services in each others' markets as well as third markets.  The 
Parties also agree to extend economic co-operatio n to areas not covered by the Chapter including 
irrigation, transportation, communications, higher education, tourism, banking and finance, public 
works, shipping, shipbuilding, development and pl anning, engineering, consultancy, contracting 
works and other possible economic transactions. 
55. Implementation of agreements on economic, commercial, technical and scientific 
co-operation is to be without prejudice to the provi sions of the Agreement.  The Parties will determine 
the methods and modalities for economic co-operation a nd technical assistance in particular within the 
Association Council, which may in turn, decide to establish sub-committees.  Implementation will 
take place as detailed in Article 32.  Economic, scie ntific and technical co-operation projects are to be 
                                                      
5 "Internal difficulties" according to the Parties i ndicates the economic and technical problems which 
may arise due to the relative condition of the country and which it is deemed could be addressed by co-operation 
and technical assistance provi ded by the other Party. WT/REG294/1 
Page 18  
 
  arranged through individual programmes, agreements  and contracts to be concluded between the 
participating companies and establishments of the Par ties in accordance with their relevant legislation.  
The provision of expert, advisory and other technical  persons by the Parties are to be arranged through 
individual protocols to be concluded between the co mpetent authorities of the Parties.  The Parties 
indicate that no such protocols have been conclude d to date.  Articles 34-39 detail the co-operation to 
take place in the primary sectors identified by  the Parties, including trade co-operation.  WT/REG294/1 
 Page 19 
 
 
  ANNEX I 
 
Market Access under the Agreement 
 1. A comparison of the scheduled elimination of tariffs under the Agreement is shown in Tables 
AI.1 and AI.2 below for Turkey and Jordan respectively by total, agricultural and non-agricultural 
products.  While 23.2% of Turkey's tariff was duty free for MFN imports in 2011, 25.2% of non-agricultural products were duty free compared to  13.6% for agricultural products.  Its overall 
average MFN tariff was 12%, of which 46.9% for ag ricultural products and 5.1% for non-agriculture.  
As a result of the Agreement, 82% of imports from Jordan enter Turkey duty free, of which 95.2% for 
non-agricultural products but significantly lower at  16.3% for agricultural products.  The average 
margin of preference for exporters from Jordan resulting from the Agreement was 28.3%, 76.5% for 
non-agricultural products and significantly lowe r at 1.3% for agricultural products.  
2. Jordan provided duty free entry in 2011 for 53.4% of its imports, of which 55.8% for non-
agricultural products and 37.4% for agricultural pr oducts.  The overall average MFN tariff was 10%, 
9% for non-agricultural products and 16.8% for agricu ltural products.  As a result of the Agreement, 
Jordan provided duty free access for 61.9% of its tariff for imports from Turkey although market 
access for agricultural products was unchanged.  As  a result the average ma rgin of preference for 
exporters from Turkey was 9% overall, 12.2% for non-agricultural products and zero for agricultural 
products.  At the end of implemen tation 88.9% of Jordan's tariff will become duty free for imports 
from Turkey, of which 96.7% for non-agriculture and considerably lower, at 37.7% for agriculture. 
Table AI.1 
Turkey: Indicators of MFN tariff rates a nd preferential rates for imports from Jordan 
Origin 
of 
goods Year ALL PRODUCTS Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products 
Average applied tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2011 12.0 15.6 23.2 46.9 54.3 13.6 5.1 6.8 25.2 
Jordan 2011 8.6 48.4 82.0 46.3 55.4 16.3 1.2 24.5 95.2 
 
a WTO Definition. Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs, on ly the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for the calc ulation of  
averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included.  Based on the HS 2007 
nomenclature. 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Turkey. 
 
Table AI.2 
Jordan:  Indicators of MFN tariff rates a nd preferential rates for imports from Turkey 
Origin 
of 
goods Year ALL PRODUCTS Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products 
Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2011 10.0 21.5 53.4 16.8 26.9 37.4 9.0 20.3 55.8 
Turkey 2011 9.1 24.0 61.9 16.8 26.9 37.4 7.9 23.1 65.7 
 2012 8.0 21.0 61.9 16.8 26.9 37.4 6.7 19.4 65.7 
 2013 6.9 18.3 61.9 16.8 26.8 37.4 5.5 15.9 65.7 
 2014 6.0 17.0 64.9 16.7 26.8 37.4 4.3 14.0 69.1 
 2015 5.1 14.4 64.9 16.7 26.8 37.4 3.3 10.6 69.1 
 2016 4.1 11.8 64.9 16.7 26.8 37.4 2.2 7.2 69.1 
 2017 3.0 19.7 84.9 16.7 26.9 37.7 0.9 11.2 92.1 
 2018 2.8 25.7 88.9 16.7 26.9 37.7 0.7 22.1 96.7 
a WTO Definition. Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs, only the out-of-quota dut y is included in the tariff-related calculations;  for the cal culation of  
averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included.  Based on the HS 2007 
nomenclature. 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Jordan. WT/REG294/1 
Page 20  
 
  3. Tables AI.3 and AI.4 respectively, show ma rket access for Jordan's  and Turkey's top 
25 exports in each others' markets.  Table AI.3 s hows that of Jordan's top 25 global exports during 
2008-10, which accounted for 57% of its exports a nd 113 tariff lines, 33 lines were already duty free 
on an MFN basis in 2011.  When the Agreement entered into force it liberalized a further 38 tariff 
lines;  of the 21 lines that will continue to remain  dutiable once the Agreement is implemented, the 
highest average rates apply to tomatoes (48.6%),  cucumbers and gherkins (29.7%), other alcoholic 
beverages (26.5%).  Table AI.4 shows that of Tu rkey's top 25 global exports during 2008-10, which 
accounted for 34.8% of its global exports, and covere d 78 lines, 40 of which were already duty free on 
an MFN basis in 2011.  When the Agreement entered into force it lib eralized seven lines, followed by 
three, 15 and 12 lines to be liberalized in 2014, 2017 and 2018 respectively.  At the end of 
implementation, one line out of Turkey's top 25 ex ports relating to shelled hazelnuts will continue to 
remain subject to duty with an average MFN tariff of 15%. 
Table AI.3 – Turkey: Market access opportunities  under the agreement for Jordan's top 25 exports 
Jordan's top export products in 2008-2010 Access Conditions to Turkey's import markets 
MFN (2011) 
Duty-
free in 
2011 Remain 
Dutiable Avg. 
applied 
rate (%) Number of tariff 
lines 
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports (%)Duty-
free Dutiable  
310490 - other 8.8 0.0 3    
251010 - unground 6.0 0.0 3    
300490 - other 5.8 0.0 12    
611420 - of cotton 4.7 12.0  1 1  
310290 - other, including mixtures not specified 
in the foregoing subheadings 4.6 6.5  2 2  
070200 Tomatoes, fresh or chilled. 2.8 48.6  1  1 
710812 -- other unwrought forms 2.4 0.0 1    
280920 - phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric 
acids 2.1 5.5  5 5  
611490 - of other textile materials 1.9 12.0  1  1 
761290 - other 1.8 6.0  4 4  
300390 - other 1.7 0.0 5    
711319 -- of other precious metal, whether or not 
plated or clad with precious metal 1.7 2.5  2 2  
610910 - of cotton 1.5 12.0  1 1  
854420 - co-axial cable and other co-axial electric 
conductors 1.4 3.7  4 4  
851712 -- telephones for cellu lar networks or for 
other wireless networks 1.3 0.0 4    
070700 Cucumbers and gherkins, fresh or chilled. 1.1 29.7  2  2 
611020 - of cotton 0.9 12.0  3 3  
480300 Toilet or facial tissue stock, towel or 
napkin stock and similar paper of a kind 
used for household or sanitary purposes, 
cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibres, whether or not creped, crinkled, 
embossed, perforated, surface-coloured, 
surface-deco 0.9 0.0 4    
310390 - other 0.9 0.0 1    
621143 -- of man-made fibres 0.9 12.0  5  5 
283421 -- of potassium 0.9 5.5  1 1  
210690 - other 0.9 26.5  12  12 
870829 -- other 0.8 3.8  10 10  
880330 - other parts of aeroplanes or helicopters 0.8 2.7  1 1  
854411 -- of copper 0.7 3.7  4 4  
Total of above  57.0  33 59 38 21 
 
Note: Based on HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Turkey and UNSD, Comtrade database.   WT/REG294/1 
 Page 21 
 
 
  Table AI.4 – Jordan: Market access o pportunities under the agreement for Tu rkey's top 25 exports to the world 
Turkey's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Jordan's import markets  
MFN (2011)
Duty-free in  
Remain dutiable  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of 
tariff linesDuty-free 
Dutiable 
2011 
2014 2017 
2018 
721420 - containing indent ations, ribs, grooves or 
other deformations produced during the 
rolling process or twisted after rolling 4.5 21.3  4  1 2 1  
710812 -- other unwrought forms 3.0 0.0 1       
271019 -- other 2.7 10.0 2 3 1  2   
870421 -- g.v.w. not exceeding 5 tonnes 2.7 16.7 2 4  1 3   
870331 -- of a cylinder capacity not exceeding 
1,500 cc 1.7 7.5 3 1    1  
610910 - of cotton 1.7 20.0  1 1     
852872 -- other, colour 1.5 20.0  1 1     
870323 -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,500 
cc but not exceeding 3,000 cc 1.5 6.4 11 3 2   1  
870322 -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,000 
cc but not exceeding 1,500 cc 1.5 6.0 4 1    1  
271011 -- light oils and preparations 1.4 10.0 2 3 1  2   
711319 -- of other precious metal, whether or not 
plated or clad with precious metal 1.2 15.0  2   1 1  
720711 -- of rectangular (including square) cross-
section, the width measuring less than 
twice the thickness 1.1 0.0 1       
870332 -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,500 
cc but not exceeding 2,500 cc 1.0 7.5 6 2 1   1  
620462 -- of cotton 0.9 20.0  1    1  
870210 - with compression-ignition internal 
combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-
diesel) 0.9 15.0  1   1   
854449 -- other 0.9 3.8 3 1    1  
620342 -- of cotton 0.9 20.0  1    1  
840999 -- other 0.8 20.0  2   2   
890120 - tankers 0.8 0.0 1       
252329 -- other 0.8 10.0  1  1    
570242 -- of man-made textile materials 0.7 20.0  1    1  
080222 -- shelled 0.7 15.0 1 1     1 
870899 -- other 0.6 6.0 3 2   2   
610990 - of other textile materials 0.6 20.0  1    1  
611020 - of cotton 0.6 20.0  1    1  
Total of above 34.8  40 38 7 3 15 12 1 
 
Note: Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Jordan and UNSD, Comtrade database. WT/REG294/1 
Page 22  
 
  ANNEX II 
 
Tariff rate quotas 
 
Table AII.1 
Tariff rate quotas applied by  Turkey on agricultural im ports originating in Jordan 
HS Code Product Annual quota 
volume 
(Metric tonnes) Reduction of the MFN 
duty (%) Current MFN 
rate (%) 
0406.90 Other cheese 150 100 45 to 180 
0407.00.11.10.11 
0407.00.11.10.19 
0407.00.19.10.11 0407.00.19.10.19 
0407.00.90.10.11 
0407.00.90.10.19 Eggs for hatching 3 million pieces 100 0 
0603 (excluding 
0603.90) Cut flowers and flower buds of a kind 
suitable for bouquets or for ornamental purposes, fresh, dried, dyed, bleached, impregnated or 
otherwise prepared (excluding dried, 
dyed, bleached, impregnated or otherwise prepared) 10 100 46.8 
0701 Potatoes, fresh or chilled 100 100 19.3 
0702 Tomatoes, fresh or chilled (from 1 
June to 30 September) 7,000 100 48.6 
0705.11 Cabbage lettuce (head lettuce) 200 100 19.5 
0706.10 Carrots and turnips 150 100 36.9 
0707.00 Cucumbers and gherkins, fresh or 
chilled (from 1 June to 30 September) 5,000 100 29.7 
0708.20 Beans (Vigna spp., Phaseolus spp.) 300 100 19.5 
0708.90 Other leguminous vegetables 200 100 19.5 
0709.20 Asparagus 300 100 19.5 
0709.30 Aubergines (from 1 July to 30 
September) 300 100 19.5 
0709.60 Fruits of the genus Capsicum or the 
genus Pimenta (from 1 July to 30 
September) 200 100 19.5 
0709.90 (excluding 
0709.90.31; 
0709.90.39) Other vegetables (excluding olives) 200 100 5 to 19.5 
0804.10 Dates 4,000 100 25 
0805.10 Oranges (from 1 June to 30 
September) 500 100 54 
0805.20 Mandarins (incl uding tangerines and 
satsumas), clementines, wilkings and 
similar citrus hybrids 150 100 54 
0805.40 Grapefruit, including pomelos 200 100 54 
0805.50 Lemons (citrus limon, citrus 
limonum) and limes (citrus 
aurantifolia, citrus  latifolia) (from 1 
June to 30 September) 1,000 100 54 
0806.10 Fresh grapes (from 1 January to end 
of February) 250 100 54.9 
Table AII.1 (Cont'd) WT/REG294/1 
 Page 23 
 
 
  HS Code Product Annual quota 
volume 
(Metric tonnes) Reduction of the MFN 
duty (%) Current MFN 
rate (%) 
0807 Melons (including watermelon) and 
pawpaws (papayas), fresh (from 1 November to 15 April) 3,000 100 86.4 
0808.10 (excluding 
0808.10.80.00.11, 
0808.10.80.00.13 and 
0808.10.80.00.14) Apples (excluding golden, starking, 
starkrimson) 200 100 60.3 
0808.20 Pears and quinces 200 100 60.3 
0809.30 Peaches, including nectarines 200 100 55.8 
0810.10 Strawberries 500 100 55.8 
1211.20 Ginseng roots 200 100 35 
1211.30 Coca leaf   35 
1211.90.85.00.18 Liquorice roots   10 
1704 Sugar confectionary (including white 
chocolate) not containing cocoa 1,000 20 Specific duties; 
13.4 
1806 Chocolate and other food 
preparations containing cocoa 1,000 20 Specific duties 
1902 Pasta, whether or not cooked or 
stuffed (with meat or other substances) or otherwise prepared, 
such as spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, 
lasagne, gnocchi, ravioli, cannelloni, couscous, whether or not prepared 1,000 20 Specific duties; 
7.7 to 37 
1905 Bread pastry, cakes, biscuits and 
other bakers' wares, whether or not 
containing cocoa;  communion 
wafers, empty cachets of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use, 
sealing wafers, rice paper and similar 
products 1,000 20 Specific duties; 
9 
2103.20 Tomato ketchup and other tomato 
sauces 500 100 10.2 
 
Note: Lines for which the tariff quota quantity is marked as unl imited and subject to a zero in- quota duty are considered to be  
liberalized and are included by the Secretariat in its calculati on of tariff liberalization under the Agreement.  For Turkey th ese 
products are:  edible products of animal orig in n.e.s. (0410 (excluding 0410.00.00.00.13)). 
 
Source:  Annex II to Protocol 1. 
 
Table AII.2 
Tariff rate quotas applied by Jordan on agr icultural imports originating in Turkey 
HS Code Product Annual quota 
volume 
(Metric tonnes) Reduction of the MFN 
duty (%) Current MFN 
rate (%) 
0406.30 Processed cheese, not grated or 
powdered 150 100 0 
0406.909 Other   0 
0407.001 For hatching 3 million pieces 100 20 
0702 Tomatoes, fresh or chilled (from 1 
June to 30 September) 7,000 100 30 
0703.10 Onions and shallots 5,000 100 5 to 30 
0706.10 Carrots and turnips 5,000 100 20 
0707.00 Cucumbers and gherkins, fresh or 
chilled (from 1 July to 30 September) 5,000 100 30 
Table AII.2 (Cont'd)  WT/REG294/1 
Page 24  
 
  HS Code Product Annual quota 
volume 
(Metric tonnes) Reduction of the MFN 
duty (%) Current MFN 
rate (%) 
0709.60 Fruits of the genus Capsicum or of 
the genus Pimenta 200 100 30 
0710.80 Other vegetables 500 100 20 
0712.90 Other vegetables;  mixtures of 
vegetables   0 to 30 
 
0713.33 Kidney beans, including white pea 
beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)   0 
0713.40 Lentils   0 
0713.20 Chickpeas (garbanzos) 5,000 100 0 
0805.10 Oranges (from 1 June to 30 
September) 500 100 30 to 35 
0805.20 Mandarins (incl uding tangerines and 
satsumas), clementines, wilkings and 
similar citrus hybrids 150 100 20 
0805.40 Grapefruit 200 100 30 
0805.50 Lemons (citrus limon, citrus 
limonum) and limes (Citrus aurantifolia, citrus  latifolia) (from 1 
June to 30 September) 1,000 100 30 
0807 Melons (including watermelons) and 
pawpaws (papayas), fresh (from 1 
November to 15 April) 3,000 100 20 to 30 
0808.10 Apples (from 1 December to end 
February) 1,000 100 + 30%  250  
Dinar/Ton;  
35 
0809.20 Cherries 100 100 25 
0809.30 Peaches, including nectarines 200 100 20 
0910.99 Other spices 100 100 15 
1512.19 Sunflower seed or safflower oil and 
fractions thereof (RBD) not crude 100 100 0 to 20 
1517.10 Margarine, excluding liquid 
margarine 100 100 0 to 20 
1517.90 Other 100 100 0 to 20 
1704 Sugar confectionary (including white 
chocolate), not containing cocoa 1,000 20 0 to 20 
1806 Chocolate and other food 
preparations containing cocoa 1,000 20 0 to 20 
1902 Pasta, whether or not cooked or 
stuffed (with meat or other 
substances) or otherwise prepared 
such as spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, lasagne, gnocchi, ravioli, cannelloni, 
couscous, whether or not prepared 1,000 20 0 to 30 
1905 Bread pastry, cakes, biscuits and 
other bakers' wares, whether or not 
containing cocoa, communion wafeters, empty cachets of a kind 
suitable for pharmaceutical use, 
sealing wafers, rice paper and similar products 1,000 20 0 to 30 
Table AII.2 (Cont'd)   WT/REG294/1 
 Page 25 
 
 
  HS Code Product Annual quota 
volume 
(Metric tonnes) Reduction of the MFN 
duty (%) Current MFN 
rate (%) 
2007 Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit 
or nut pure and fruit or nut pastes, obtained by cooking, whether or not 
containing added sugar and other 
sweetening matter. 50 100 20 
2008 Fruit, nuts and other edible parts of 
plants, otherwise prepared or preserved, whether or not containing 
added sugar or other sweetening 
matter or spirit,  not otherwise specified or included 50 100 0 to 25 
2104.10 Soups and broths and preparations 
therefor 250 100 20 
 
Note: Lines for which the tariff quota quantity is marked as unl imited and subject to a zero in- quota duty are considered to be  
liberalized and are included by the Secretar iat in its calculation of tariff liberaliza tion under the Agreement.  For Jordan th e 
products concerned are:  bluefin tuna, trout and frozen filets (0302.35, 0302.69,  0303.21, 0304.20), h oney (0409.00), hazelnuts , 
chestnuts, pistachios and dried figs (0802.21, 0802.22, 0802.40, 08 02.50 and Ex 0804.20 ), dried grapes (0806.20), dried aprico ts 
(0813.10), prepared fish, caviar and s ubstitutes (1604), cucumbers and gherkins (2001.10, 2001.90), a nd olives (2005.70). 
 
Source Annex I to Protocol 1. 
__________