FINAL DRAFT UGANDA 
STANDA RD  
  FDUS EAS 18-1 
First  Edition  
2018-mm-dd 
 
 Reference number  
FDUS EAS 18-1: 2017 
© UNBS 201 8 
  
Cement — Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity 
criteria for common cements  
 US EAS  18-1:2017 
ii                © UNBS  2018 - All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its corr ect application  
© UNBS 20 18 
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permis sion from UNBS.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: +256 41 7 333 2 50/1/2 
Fax: +256 41 4 286 123  
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 US EAS 18-1:2017 
© UNBS  2018 - All rights reserved                 iii National foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended.  UNBS is  mandated to co -
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agre ement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
This Uganda Standard, US EAS 18-1: 2017, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity 
criteria for common cements , is identical with  and has been reproduced from a n East African  Standard , EAS 
18-1: 2017, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity criteria for common cements , and 
adopt ed as a Uganda Standard.  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/TC 3, Building and construction . 
This s tandard cancels and replaces US 310 -1:2016, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specification and 
conformity criteria for common cements , which has been technically revised.  
Wherever the words, “ East African  Standard"  appear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard."  
 
   EAS 18-1: 201 7 
ICS 91.100.1 0 
© EAC 2017                                                                                                                       Second Edition 201 7 
 
EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Cement — Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity criteria for 
common cement s 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  EAS 18-1: 201 7 
ii © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice  
This EAC document is copyright -protected by EAC. While the reproduction of this document by 
participants i n the EAC standards development process is permitted without prior permission from EAC, 
neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for 
any other purpose without prior written permission from EAC.  
Requ ests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed 
as shown below or to EAC’s member body in the country of the requester:  
© East African Community  2017 — All rights reserved  
East African Community  
P.O.Box 1096  
Arusha  
Tanzania  
Tel: 255 27 2504253/8  
Fax: 255 27 2504481/2504255  
E-mail: eac@eachq.org  
       Web: www.eac -quality.net  
Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.  
Violators may be persecuted  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
4 Description of cement  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
5 Constituents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  4 
5.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  4 
5.2 Main constituents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 4 
5.2.1  Portland cement clinker  (K) ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  4 
5.2.2  Granulated blast furnace slag (S)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  4 
5.2.3  Pozzolanic materials (P, Q)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  5 
5.2.4  Fly ashes (V, W)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 5 
5.2.5  Burnt shale (T)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 6 
5.2.6  Limestone (L, LL)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 6 
5.2.7  Silica fume (D)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  7 
5.3 Minor additional constituents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  7 
5.4 Calcium sulphate  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 7 
5.5 Additives  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  8 
6 Composition and notation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  8 
6.1 Common cements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 8 
6.2 Sulphate resisting common cements (SR -Cement)  ................................ ................................ .........  10 
6.3 Low early strength common cements  ................................ ................................ ...............................  11 
7 Mechanical, physical, chemical and durability requirements  ................................ ........................  11 
7.1 Mechanical requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  11 
7.1.1  Standard  strength  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  11 
7.1.2  Early strength  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 11 
7.2 Physical requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  12 
7.2.1  Initial setting time  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  12 
7.2.2  Soundness  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  12 
7.2.3  Heat of hydration  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 12 
7.3 Chemical requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  13 
7.4 Durability requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  13 
7.4.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  13 
7.4.2  Sulphate resistance  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  14 
8 Standard designation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  14 
9 Conformity criteria  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  16 
9.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  16 
9.2 Conformity criteria for mechanical, physical and chemical properties and evaluation 
procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  17 
9.2.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  17 
9.2.2  Statistical conformity criteria  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  17 
9.2.3  Single result confor mity criteria  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  21 
9.3 Conformity criteria for cement composition  ................................ ................................ ....................  22 
9.4 Conformity criteria for properties of the cement constitu ents ................................ .......................  22 
10 Marking, labelling, packaging and storage  ................................ ................................ .......................  22 
10.1  Marking and labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  22 
10.2  Packaging and storage  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  23 EAS 18-1: 201 7 
iv © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Development of th is Draft East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing 
requirements governing quality of products and services in the E ast African Community. It is envisaged that 
through harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are 
exchanged within the Community will be removed.  
In order to achieve this objective, the Community established a n East African Standards Committee mandated 
to develop and issue East African Standards.   
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, together 
with the representatives from the private sectors and consum er organizations. Draft East African Standards 
are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner States. The comments 
received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedu res 
of the Community.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implement ing.  
EAS 18-1 was prepared by Technical Committee E ASC/TC/ 026, Cement, building lime,  clay and related 
products . 
In the preparation of this East African Standard, reference was made to the following standard:  
EN 197-1: 2011:  Cement – Part 1; Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements  
The assistance derived from the above source is hereby acknowledged with thanks.  
This second  edition cancels a nd replaces the first  edition (EAS  18-1: 2000 ), which has been technically 
revised.  
EAS 18 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cement —: 
Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity criteria for common cement  
Part 2: Conformity evaluation  
 EAST AFRICAN STANDARD                                             EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
 
© EAC  2015  – All rights reserved  1 
 Cement  — Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity criteria  for 
common cements  
1 Scope  
This East  African  standard gives the specifications which include  mechanical, physical and chemical 
requirements of 27 distinct common cement s, seven sulphate  resisting common cements as well as three 
distinct low early strength blast  furnace cements and two sulphate  resisting low early strength blast cements  
and their constituents.  
The standard also gives  the composition of each cement in terms of proportions and requirements of  the 
constituents which are to be combined to produce the se distinct products in a range of nine strength classes.  
Furthermore, this standard states  the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability 
requirements are also given . 
NOTE 1  In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of ad ditional information between the cement 
manufacturer and user may be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard  but 
should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or regulations or may be agreed betwe en the parties 
concerned.  
NOTE 2  The word "cement" in this standard  is used to refer only to common cements unless otherwise specified.  
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
ASTM C311/C311M –13, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for 
Use in Portland -Cement Concrete  
ASTM C494/C494M –13, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete  
ASTMC 1777 Standard Test Method for  Rapid Determination of the Methylene Blue Value for Fine  Aggregate 
or Mineral Fi ller Using a Colorimeter  
EAS 18-2, Cement — Part 2: Conformity evaluation   
EAS 131 -1, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity  
EAS 148 -1, Cement  — Test m ethods  — Part 1: Determination of strength   
EAS 148 -2, Cement  — Test methods  — Part 2: Chemical ana lysis of cement  
EAS 148 -3, Cement  — Test methods  — Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness  
EAS 148 -5, Cement  — Test methods  — Part 5: Pozzolanicity test for Pozzolanic cements   EAS 18-1: 201 7 
2 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 EAS 148 -6, Cement — Test methods  — Part 6: Determination of finenes s  
EAS 148 -7, Cement — Test methods  — Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement  
EN 13639 , Determination of total organic carbon content in limestone  
ISO 9277, Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption using the BET method  
ISO 9286, Abrasive grains and crude — Chemical analysis of silicon carbide  
ISO 29582 -2, Methods of testing cement —Determination of the heat of hydration —Part 2:  Semi -adiabatic 
method  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, t he following terms and definitions shall apply . 
3.1 
reactive calcium oxide (CaO)  
fraction of the calcium oxide which under normal hardening conditions can form calcium silicate hydrates or 
calcium aluminate hydrates  
NOTE  To evaluate this fraction the tot al calcium oxide content (see EAS 148-2) is reduced by the fraction 
corresponding to calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), based on the measured carbon dioxide (CO 2) content ( EAS 148-2) and the 
fraction corresponding to calcium sulphate  (CaSO 4), based on the measured  sulphate  (SO 3) content (see EAS 148-2) after 
substraction of the S0 3 taken up by alkalis.  
3.2 
reactive silicon dioxide (SiO 2)  
fraction of the silicon dioxide that is soluble after treatment with hydrochloric acid (HCI) and with boiling 
potassium hydroxi de (KOH) solution  
NOTE  The quantity of reactive silicon dioxide is determined by subtracting from the total silicon dioxide content (see 
EAS 148 -2) that fraction contained in the residue insoluble in hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide (see EAS 148-2), 
both on a dry basis.  
3.3 
main constituent  
specially selected inorganic material in a proportion exceeding 5 % by mass related to the sum of all main and 
minor additional constituents  
3.4 
minor additional constituent  
specially selected inorganic mat erial used in a proportion not exceeding a total of 5 % by mass related to the 
sum of all main and minor additional constituents  
3.6 
strength class of cement  
class of compressive strength  
3.7  
autocontrol testing  
continual testing by the manufacturer o f cement spot samples taken at the point(s) of release from the 
factory/depot  
3.8 
control period  
period of production and dispatch identified for the evaluation of the autocontrol test results  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  3 
 3.9 
characteristic value  
value of a required property outsi de of which lies a specified percentage, the percentile Pk, of all the values of 
the population  
3.10 
specified characteristic value  
characteristic value of a mechanical, physical or chemical property which in the case of an upper limit is not to 
be excee ded or in the case of a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached  
3.11 
single result limit value  
value of a mechanical, physi cal or chemical property which for any single test result  in the case of an upper 
limit is not to be exceeded or in the case of  a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached  
3.12 
allowable probability of acceptance CR  
for a given sampling plan, the allowed probability of acceptance of cement with a characteristic value outside 
the specified characteristic value  
3.13 
sampling pl an  
specific plan which states the (statistical) sample size(s) to be used, the percentile Pk and the allowable 
probability of acceptance CR  
3.14 
spot sample  
sample taken at the same time and from one and the same place, relating to the intended tests. I t can be 
obtained by combining one or more immediately consecutive increments (see  EAS 148-7)  
3.15 
heat of hydration  
quantity of heat  developed by the hydration of  cement within a given period of time  
3.16 
low heat common cement  
common cement with a limit ed heat of hydration  
3.17 
sulphate resisting common cement  
common cement which fulfils the requirements for sulphate resisting properties  
3.18 
low heat low early strength blast furnace cement  
low early strength blast furnace cement with a limited heat of h ydration  
3.19 
sulphate resisting low early strength blast furnace cement  
low early strength blast furnace cement which fulfils the requirements for sulphate resisting properties  
4 Description  of cement  
Cement is a hydraulic binder, that is . a finely ground  inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a 
paste which sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after hardening, 
retains its strength and stability even under water.  
Cement conforming to this standard  termed  CEM cement, shall, when appropriately batched and mixed with 
aggregate and water, be capable of producing concrete or mortar which retains its workability for a sufficient EAS 18-1: 201 7 
4 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 time and shall after defined periods attain specified strength levels and also poss ess long -term volume 
stability.  
Hydraulic hardening of CEM cement is primarily due to the hydration of calcium silicates but other chemical 
compounds may also participate in the hardening process, for example,  aluminates. The sum of the 
proportions of rea ctive calcium oxide (CaO) and reactive silicon dioxide (SiO 2) in CEM cement shall be at 
least 50 % by mass when the proportions are determined in accordance with EAS 148-2.  
CEM cements consist of different materials and are statistically homogeneous in co mposition resulting from 
quality assured production and material handling processes. The link between these production and material 
handling processes and the conformity of cement to this standard  is elaborated in EAS 18-2.  
5 Constituents  
5.1 General  
The requirements for the constituents specified in 5.2 to 5.5 shall be determined in principle in accordance 
with the test methods described in EAS 148 unless otherwise specified.  
5.2 Main constituents  
5.2.1 Portland cement clinker (K)  
Portland cement clinker  is made by sintering a precisely specified mixture of raw materials (raw meal, paste or 
slurry) containing elements, usually expressed as oxides, CaO, SiO 2, Al2O3 Fe2O3 and small quantities of 
other materials. The raw meal, paste or slurry is finely divid ed, intimately mixed and therefore homogeneous.  
Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material which shall consist of at least two -thirds by mass of calcium 
silicates (3CaO.SiO 2 and 2CaO .SiO 2) the remainder consisting of aluminium and iron containing cli nker 
phases and other compounds. The ratio by mass (CaO)/(SiO 2) shall be not less than 2.0. The content of 
magnesium oxide (MgO) shall not exceed 5.0 % by mass.  
Portland cement clinker incorporated in sulphate  resisting Portland cement (CEM I) and sulphat e resisting 
pozzolanic cements (CEM IV) shall fulfill additional requirements for tricalcium aluminate content (C 3A). The 
tricalcium aluminate content shall be calculated by Equation (1) as follows:  
F1.69 2.65AC3
 (1) 
where  
A is the percentage of aluminium o xide (AI 2O3) by mass of the clinker as determined in accordance 
with EAS 148-2; 
F is the percentage of iron (III) oxide (Fe 2O3) by mass of the clinker as determined in accordance with 
EAS 148-2.Sulphate  resisting Portland cements and sulphate  resisting pozzolanic cements are 
clinker in which the C 3A content does not exceed:  
a) for CEM I: 0 % , 3 % or 5 % as appropriate(see 6.2) ; and  
b) for CEM IV/A and CEM IV/B: 9 %  
5.2.2 Granulated blast  furnace slag (S)  
Granulated blast  furnace slag is made by rapid c ooling of a slag melt of suitable composition, as obtained by 
smelting iron ore in a blast  furnace and contains at least two -thirds by mass of glassy slag and possesses 
hydraulic properties when suitably activated.  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  5 
 Granulated blast  furnace slag shall cons ist of at least two -thirds by mass of the sum of calcium oxide (CaO), 
magnesium oxide (MgO) and silicon dioxide (SiO 2). The remainder contains aluminium oxide (AI 2O3) together 
with small amounts of other compounds. The ratio by mass (CaO + MgO)/(SiO 2) shall exceed 1.0.  
5.2.3  Pozzolanic materials (P, Q)  
5.2.3.1  General  
Pozzolanic materials are natural substances of siliceous or silico -aluminous composition or a combination 
thereof. Although fly ash and silica fume have Pozzolanic properties, they are spec ified in separate clauses 
(see 5.2.4 and 5.2.7).  
Pozzolanic materials do not harden in themselves when mixed with water but, when finely ground and in the 
presence of water, they react at normal ambient temperature with dissolved calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2) to 
form strength -developing calcium silicate and calcium aluminate compounds. These compounds are similar to 
those which are formed in the hardening of hydraulic materials. Pozzolanic materials consist essentially of 
reactive silicon dioxide (SiO 2) and aluminium oxide (AI 2O3). The remainder contains iron oxide (Fe 2O3) and 
other oxides. The proportion of reactive calcium oxide for hardening is negligible. The reactive silicon dioxide 
content shall be not less than 25.0 % by mass.  
Pozzolanic materials sha ll be correctly prepared, that is , selected, homogenized, dried, or heat treated and 
comminuted, depending on their state of production or delivery.  
5.2.3.2  Natural Pozzolana (P)  
Natural Pozzolanas are usually materials of volcanic origin or sedimentary rocks with suitable chemical and 
mineralogical composition and shall conform to 5.2.3.1.  
5.2.3.3  Natural calcined Pozzolana (Q)  
Natural calcined Pozzolanas are materials of volcanic origin, clays, shales or sedimentary rocks, activated by 
thermal treatme nt and shall conform to 5.2.3.1.   
5.2.4  Fly ashes (V, W)  
5.2.4.1  General  
Fly ash is obtained by electrostatic or mechanical precipitation of dust -Iike particles from the flue gases from 
furnaces fired with pulverized coal. Ash obtained by other methods s hall not be used in cement that conforms 
to EAS 18-1.  
Fly ash may be siliceous or calcareous in nature. The former has Pozzolanic properties; the latter may have, 
in addition, hydraulic properties. The loss on ignition of fly ash determined in accordance with EAS 148-2, but 
using an ignition time of 1 h, shall not exceed 5.0 % by mass.  
Fly ash with loss on ignition of 5.0 % - 7.0 % by mass may also be accepted, provided that particular 
requirements for durability, especially frost resistance, and for comp atibility with admixtures are met according 
to the appropriate standards and/or regulations for concrete or mortar in the place of use. In the case of fly 
ash with a loss on ignition between 5.0 % and 7.0 % by mass the maximum limit, 7.0 %, shall be stated  on the 
packaging and/or the delivery note of the cement.  
5.2.4.2  Siliceous fly ash (V)  
Siliceous fly ash is a fine powder of mostly spherical particles having Pozzolanic properties. It consists 
essentially of reactive silicon dioxide (SiO 2) and aluminiu m oxide (AI 2O3). The remainder contains iron oxide 
(Fe 2O3) and other compounds.  EAS 18-1: 201 7 
6 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 The proportion of reactive calcium oxide shall be less than 10.0 % by mass;  the content of free calcium oxide, 
as determined by the method described in ASTM C311/C311M –13 shall not exceed 1.0 % by mass. Fly ash 
having a free calcium oxide content higher than 1.0  % by, mass but less than 2.5 % by mass is also 
acceptable provided that the requirement on expansion (soundness) does not exceed 10 mm when tested in 
accordance with EAS 148-3 using a mixture of 30 % by mass of siliceous fly ash and 70 % by mass of a CEM 
I cement conforming to EAS 18-1 (see Clause 6). The reactive silicon dioxide content shall not be less than 
25.0 % by mass.  
5.2.4.3  Calcareous fly ash (W)  
5.2.4.3.1  Calcareous fly ash is a fine powder, having hydraulic and/or Pozzolanic properties. It consists 
essentially of reactive calcium oxide (CaO), reactive silicon dioxide (SiO 2) and aluminium oxide (AI 2O3). The 
remainder contains iron oxide (Fe 2O3) and other comp ounds. The proportion of reactive calcium oxide shall 
not be less than 10.0 % by mass. Calcareous fly ash containing between 10.0 % and 15.0 % by mass of 
reactive calcium oxide shall contain not less than 25.0 % by mass of reactive silicon dioxide.  
5.2.4. 3.2 Adequately ground calcareous fly ash containing more than 15.0 % by mass of reactive calcium 
oxide, shall have a compressive strength of at least 10.0 MPa at 28 days when tested in accordance with EAS 
148-1. Before testing, the fly ash shall be ground and the fineness, expressed as the proportion by mass of 
the ash retained when wet sieved on a 40 -µm mesh sieve, shall be between 10 % and 30 % by mass. The 
test mortar shall be prepared with ground calcareous fly ash only instead of cement. The mortar spe cimens 
shall be demoulded 48 h after preparation and then cured in a moist atmosphere of relative humidity of at 
least 90 % until tested.  
5.2.4.3.3  The expansion (soundness) of calcareous fly ash shall not exceed 10 mm when tested in 
accordance with EAS 148-3 using a mixture of 30 % by mass of calcareous fly ash ground as descr ibed 
above and 70 % by mass of  CEM cement conforming to EAS 18-1.  
NOTE  If the sulphate  (SO 3) content of the fly ash exceeds the permissible upper limit for the sulphate  content of t he 
cement then this has to be taken into account for the manufacture of the cement by appropriately reducing the calcium 
sulphate -containing constituents.  
5.2.5  Burnt shale (T)  
5.2.5.1  Burnt shale, specifically burnt oil shale, is produced in a special k iln at temperatures of approximately 
800 °C. Owing to the composition of the natural material and the production process, burnt shale contains 
clinker phases, mainly dicalcium silicate and monocalcium aluminate. It also contains, besides small amounts 
of free calcium oxide and calcium sulphate , larger proportions of pozzolanically reacting oxides, especially 
silicon dioxide. Consequently, in a finely ground state burnt shale shows pronounced hydraulic properties like 
Portland cement and in addition Pozzolan ic properties.  
5.2.5.2  Adequately ground burnt shale shall have a compressive strength of at least 25.0 MPa at 28 days 
when tested in accordance with EAS 148-1. The test mortar shall be prepared with finely ground burnt shale 
only instead of cement. The m ortar specimens shall be demoulded 48 h after preparation and cured in a moist 
atmosphere of relative humidity of at least 90 % until tested.  
5.2.5.3  The expansion (soundness) of burnt shale shall not exceed 10 mm when tested in accordance with 
EAS 148-3 using a mixture of 30 % by mass of ground burnt shale and 70 % by mass of a CEM I cement 
conforming to EAS 18-1.  
NOTE  If the sulphate  (SO 3) content of the burnt shale exceeds the permissible upper limit for the sulphate  content of 
the cement then this has  to be taken into account for the manufacture of the cement by appropriately reducing the calcium 
sulphate -containing constituents.  
5.2.6  Limestone (L, LL)  
Limestone shall meet the following requirements:  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  7 
 a) the calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) content calculated from the calcium oxide content shall be at least 75 
% by mass ;  
b) the clay content, determined by the methylene blue test in accordance with ASTM C 1  777, shall not 
exceed 1.20  g/100  g. For this test the limestone shall be ground to a fineness of approximate ly 5 000 
cm2/g determined as specific surface in accordance with EAS 148-6; 
c) the total organic carbon (TOC) content, when tested in  accordance with EN 13639 , shall conform to 
one of the following criteria:  
(i) LL: shall not exceed 0.20 % by mass; and 
(ii) L: shall not exceed 0.50 % by mass.  
5.2.7  Silica fume (D)  
5.2.7.1  Silica fume originates from the reduction of high purity quartz with coal in electric arc furnaces in 
the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys and consists of very fine spherical particles c ontaining at least 
85 % by mass of amorphous silicon dioxide. The content of elemental silicon (Si) determined according to ISO 
9286 shall not be greater than 0.4% by mass.  
5.2.7.2  Silica fume shall meet the following requirements:  
a) the loss on ignition sh all not exceed 4.0 % by mass determined in accordance with EAS 148-2 but 
using an ignition time of 1 h ; and  
b) the specific surface (BET) of the untreated silica fume shall be at least 15.0 m2/g when tested in 
accordance with ISO 9277.  
5.2.7.3  For intergrind ing with clinker and calcium sulphate  the silica fume may be in its original state or 
compacted or pelletized (with water).  
5.3 Minor additional constituents  
Minor additional constituents are specially selected, inorganic natural mineral materials, inorg anic mineral 
materials derived from the clinker production process or constituents as specified in 5.2 unless they are 
included as main constituents in the cement.  
Minor additional constituents, after appropriate preparation and on account of their partic le size distribution, 
improve the physical properties of the cement (such as workability or water retention). They can be inert or 
have slightly hydraulic, latent hydraulic or Pozzolanic properties. However, no requirements are set for them in 
this respect .  
Minor additional constituents shall be correctly prepared, that is , selected, homogenized, dried and 
comminuted depending on their state of production or delivery. They shall not increase the water demand of 
the cement appreciably, impair the resistance  of the concrete or mortar to deterioration in any way or reduce 
the corrosion protection of the reinforcement.  
NOTE  Information on the minor additional constituents in the cement should be available from the manufacturer on 
request.  
5.4 Calcium sulph ate 
Calcium sulphate  is added to the other constituents of cement during its manufacture to control setting.  
Calcium sulphate  can be gypsum (calcium sulphate  dihydrate, CaSO 4.2H 2O), hemihydrate (CaSO 4 .1/2H 2O), 
or anhydrite (anhydrous calcium sulphate , CaSO 4) or any mixture of them. Gypsum and anhydrite are found 
naturally. Calcium sulphate  is also available as a by -product of certain industrial processes.  EAS 18-1: 201 7 
8 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 5.5 Additives  
Additives for the purpose of EAS 18-1 are constituents not covered in 5.2 to 5.4 which ar e added to improve 
the manufacture or the properties of the cement.  
The total quantity of additives shall not exceed 1.0 % by mass of the cement (except for pigments). The 
quantity of organic additives on a dry basis shall not exceed 0.5 % by mass of the cement.  
These additives shall not promote corrosion of the reinforcement or impair the properties of the cement or of 
the concrete or mortar made from the cement.  
When admixtures for concrete, mortar or grouts conforming to the ASTM C494/C494M –13 are use d in 
cement , the standard notation of the admixture shall be declared on bags or delivery documents.  
6 Composition and notation  
6.1 Common cements  
The 27 products in the family of common cements, covered by EAS 18-1 and their notation are given in Table 
1. They are grouped into five main cement types as follows:  
a) CEM I  Portland cement;  
b) CEM II  Portland -composite cement;  
c) CEM III  Blast  furnace cement;  
d) CEM IV  Pozzolanic cement;  and 
e) CEM V  Composite cement.  
The composition of each of the 27 products in the fami ly of common cements shall be in accordance with 
Table 1.  
NOTE  For clarity in definition, the requirements for the composition refer to the sum of all main and minor additional 
constituents. The final cement is to be understood as the main and minor additi onal constituents plus the necessary 
calcium sulphate  (see 5.4) and any additives (see 5.5).  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  9 
 Table 1 — The 27 product s in the family of common cements  
Main  
Types  Notation of the 27 
products (types of 
common cement)  Composition percentage by mass a 
Minor  
additio
nal 
constit
uents  
 Main constituents  
Clinker  Blast -
Furnace  Silica 
fume  Pozzolana  Fly ash  Burnt  
Shale  Lime  stone  
Natural  Natural 
calcined  Siliceo
us Calcar
eous   
K S Db p q V W T L LL 
CEM I  Portland  
cement  CEM I  95-100 – – – – – – – – - 0 - 5 
CEM II  Portland –
slag 
cement  CEM II/A -S 80–94 6 - 20 – – – – – – – – 0 - 5 
CEM II/B -S 65–79 21 - 35 - – – – – – – – 0 - 5 
Portland -
silica fume 
cement  CEM I/A -D 90 – 94 – 6 - 10 – – – – – – – 0 - 5 
Portland –
Pozzolana 
cement  CEM II/A -P 80 – 94 – – 6 - 20 – – – – – – 0 - 5 
CEM II/B -P 65- 79 – – 21 - 35 – – – – – – 0 - 5 
CEM II/A -Q 80 - 94 – –  6 - 20 – – – – – 0 - 5 
CEM II / B -Q 65 – 79 – – – 21 -35 – – – – – 0 - 5 
Portland –
fly ash 
cement  CEM II / A -V 80–94 – – – – 6 - 20 – – – – 0 - 5 
CEMII / B -V 65 – 79 – – – – 21 - 35 – – – – 0 - 5 
CEM II/A -W 80–94 – – – – – 6 - 20 – – – 0 - 5 
CEMII/B -W 65 – 79 – – – – – 21 - 35 – – – 0 - 5 
Portland –
burnt 
shale 
cement  CEM II/A -T 80–94 – – – – – – 6 - 20 – – 0 - 5 
CEM II/ B -T 65 – 79 – – – – – – 21 - 
35 – – 0 - 5 
Portland – 
limestone 
cement  CEM II/ A -L 80 - 94 – – – – – –– – 6 - 
20 – 0 - 5 
CEM II/A -L 65- 79 – – – – – – – 21 - 
35 – 0 - 5 
CEM II/A -LL 80 - 94 – – – – – – – – 6 - 
20 0- 5 
CEM II/ B -LL 65 - 79 – – – – – – – – 21 - 
35 0- 5 
Portland 
composite 
cementc) CEM II/ A -M 80–88  
12- 20 0 - 5 
CEM II/ B -M 65 -79  
21 - 35 0- 5 
CEM III  Blast – 
furnace 
cement  CEM III/A  35 - 64 36 -65 – – – – – – – – 0 - 5 
CEM III/B  20 - 34 66 - 80 – – – – – – – – 0 - 5 
CEM III/C  5 - 19 81 - 95 – – – – – – – – 0 - 5 
CEM IV  Pozzolanic 
cement c) CEM IV/A  65 - 88 –  
11 - 35 – - - 0 - 5 
CEM IV/B  45 - 64 –  
36 - 55 – - - 0 - 5 
CEN V  Composite 
cement c) CEM V/ A  40 - 64 18 - 30 -  
18 - 30 – – - - 0 - 5 
CEM V/B  20 - 38 31 - 50 -  
31 - 49 – – - - 0 - 5 
a) The values in the table refer to the sum of the main and minor additional constituents  
b) The proportion of silica fume is limited to 10 %.  
c) In Portland –composite cements CEM II/A –M and CEM II/B –M, in Pozzolanic cements CEM IV/A and CEM IV/B and in composite cements 
CEM V/A and CEM V/B the main constituents other than clinker shall be declared by designation of the cement (for example see Clause 8 ). EAS 18-1: 201 7 
10 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 6.2 Sulphate  resisting common cements (SR -Cement)  
6.2.1  The seven product s in the family of the sulphate  resisting common cements, covered by this 
standard  are given in Table 2.  
6.2.2  They are grouped into three main cement types as follows:  
a) Sulphate  resisting Portland cement:  
(i) CEM I -SR 0   Sulphate  resisting Portland cement (C 3A content of the clinker = 0 %) ; 
(ii) CEM I -SR 3   Sulphate  resisting Portland cement (C 3A content of the clinker ≤ 3 %); and  
(iii) CEM I -SR 5   Sulphate  resisting Portland cement (C 3A content of the clinker ≤ 5 %); 
b) Sulphate  resisting blast furnace cement:  
(i) CEM III/B -SR  Sulphate  resisting blast furnace cement (no requirement on C 3A content of the 
clinker) ; and  
(ii) CEM III/C -SR  Sulphate  resisting blast furnace cement (no requirement on C 3A content of the 
clinker) ; 
c) Sulphate  resisting pozzolanic cement:  
(i) CEM IV/A -SR  Sulphate  resisting pozzolanic cement (C 3A content of the clinker ≤ 9 %); 
(ii) CEM IV/B -SR  Sulphate  resisting pozzolanic cement (C 3A content of the clinker ≤ 9 %); 
6.2.3  The composition of each of the seven products in the family of the sulphate  resisting common 
cements shall be in accordance with Table 2. The cement type no tation shall be in accordance with the 
requirements of this standard with additional notation by SR 0, SR 3, SR 5 for CEM I cements and only “SR” 
for CEM III and IV cements.  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  11 
 Table 2  — Seven products in the family of sulphate  resisting common cements  
Main 
Types  Notation of the  seven 
products(types of sulphate  
resisting common cement)  Composition (percentage by massa) 
Main constituents  Minor 
additional 
constituent
s Clinker  
K Blast 
furnace 
slag 
S Pozzolana 
slag 
P Siliceous 
fly ash  
V 
CEM I  Sulphate  
resisting 
Portland 
cement  CEM I -SR 0  
CEM I -SR 3  
CEM I -SR 5  95 - 100 - - - 0 - 5 
CEM III  Sulphate  
resisting 
blast furnace 
cement  CEM III/B -SR 20 - 34 66- 80 - - 0 - 5 
CEM III/C -SR 5 - 19 81 - 95 - - 0 - 5 
CEM 
IV Sulphateb 
resisting 
pozzolanic  CEM IV/A -SR 65-79 - ---21- 35--- 0 - 5 
CEM IV/B -SR 45-64 - --- 36 - 55--- 0 - 5 
a) The values in the table refer to the sum of the main and minor additional constituents  
b) In sulphate  resisting pozzolanic cements, types CEM IV/B -SR, the main constituents othe r than clinker shall be 
declared by designation of the cement ( for examples, see Clause 8)  
 
6.3 Low early strength common cements  
Low early strength common cements are CEM III blast furnace cements as specified in Table 1. They differ 
from other common c ements regarding the early strength requirements (see 7.1.2). Low early strength CEM III 
cements conforming to the requirements in Table 3 can also be declared as sulphate  resisting common 
cements.  
7 Mechanical, physical, chemical and durability requiremen ts 
7.1 Mechanical requirements  
7.1.1  Standard strength  
The standard strength of cement  is the compressive strength determined in accordance with EAS 148–1 at 28 
days and shall conform to the requirements in Table 3.  
Three classes of standard strength are included: class 32.5 class 42.5 and class 52.5 (see Table 3).  
7.1.2  Early strength  
The early strength of cement  is the compressive strength determined in accordance with  EAS 148–1 at either 
2 days or 7 days and shall conform to the requirements in Table 3.  
Three classes of early strength are included for each class of standard strength, a class with ordinary early 
strength, indicated by N, and a class with high early strength, indicated by R  and a class with low early 
strength, indicated by L.  (see Table  3).  EAS 18-1: 201 7 
12 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 Table 3 — Mechanical and physical requirements given as characteristics values  
Strength  
Class  Compressive strength  
MPa Initial setting 
time Soundness 
(expansion)  
 
2 days  7 days  28 days  min mm 
32.5 La -  12.0- 
 32.5  52.5  75 
 10 32.5 N –  16.0 
32. 5 R  10.0 – 
42.5 La -  16.0 
 42.5  62.5  60 42.5 N  10.0 – 
42.5 R  20.0 – 
52.5 La  10.0 -    
52.5 N  20.0 –  
 52.5  
–  
 45 525 R   30.0 – 
a) Strength class only defined for CEM III cements  
 
7.2 Physical r equirements  
7.2.1  Initial setting time  
The initial setting time, determined in accordance with EAS 148–3, shall conform to the requirements in Table 
3.  
7.2.2  Soundness  
The expansion, determined in accordance with EAS 148–3, shall conform to the require ment in Table 3.  
7.2.3  Heat of hydration  
The heat of hydration of low heat common cements shall not exceed the characteristic value of 270 J/g, 
determined in accordance with  EAS 148-8 at 7 days  or in accordance with  ISO 29582 -2 at 41 h .  
Low heat common cements shall be identified by the notation “LH” 
NOTE 1  Pre-normative research has demonstrated the equivalence of test results for EAS 148-8 at 7 days . 
Nevertheless, in case of dispute bet ween laboratories, the method to be applied should be agreed.  
NOTE 2 Cement with a higher hydration heat value is appropriate for some applications. It is necessary that this value 
should be agreed upon between manufacturer and user, and that this cement should not be identified as low heat cement 
(LH).  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  13 
 7.3 Chemical requi rements  
The properties of the cements type and strength class shown in columns 3 and 4 respectively of Table 3 shall 
conform to the requirements listed in column 5 of this table when tested in accordance with the standard 
referred to in column 2.  
Table 4 — Chemical requirements given as characteristic values  
1 2 3 4 5 
Property  Test reference  Cement type  Strength class  Requirements a) 
Loss on ignition  EAS 148–2 CEM I  
CEM III  All  5.0 %  
Insoluble residue  EAS 148–2 b) CEM I  
CEM III  All  5.0 %  
Sulphate  content  
(as SO 3) EAS 148–2 CEM I  
CEM II c) 
CEM IV  
CEM V  32.5 N  
32.5 R  
42.5 N   3.5 %  
42.5 R  
52.5 N  
52.5 R   
 4.0 %  
CEM III d) All 
Chloride content  EAS 148-2 all e) All  0.10 %f) 
Pozzolanicity  EAS 148–5 CEM IV  All Satisfies the test  
a) Requiremen ts are given as percentage by mass of the final cement.  
b) Determination of residue insoluble in hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate.  
c) Cement type CEM II/B –T and CEM II/B -M with a T content > 20 may contain up to 4.5 % sulphate  (as SO 3) for all 
streng th classes.  
d) Cement type CEM III/C may contain up to 4.5 % sulphate . 
e) Cement type CEM III may contain more than 0.10 % chloride but in that case the maximum chloride content shall be 
stated on the packaging and/or the delivery note.  
f) For pre –stressin g applications cements may be produced according to a lower requirement.  If so, the value of 0.10 % 
shall be replaced by this lower value which shall be stated in the delivery note.  
 
7.4 Durability requirements  
7.4.1  General  
In many applications, particu larly in severe environment conditions, the choice of cement has an influence on 
the durability of concrete, mortar and grouts, for example frost resistance and protection of reinforcement. 
Alkalis from cement or other concrete constituents may react chemic ally with certain aggregates. Adequate 
requirement are given in EAS 131 -1. 
 EAS 18-1: 201 7 
14 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 The choice of cement, from this standard, particularly as regards type and strength class for different 
applications and exposure classes shall follow the appropria te standards and /or regulations  for concrete or 
mortar valid in the place of use.  
Low early strength common cements will have lower early strength compared to other common cement  of the 
same standard strength class and may require additional precautions in their use such as extension of 
formwork stripping times and protection during adverse weather. In all other respects, their performance and 
suitability of applications will be similar to the other common cements, conforming to this standard, of the 
same type and standard  strength class.  
7.4.2  Sulphate  resistance  
Sulphate  resisting common cement shall fulfill the additional chemical requirements specified in table 5. 
Sulphate  resisting common cements shall be identified by the notation SR.  
Table 5  — Additional requirements  for sulphate  resisting common cements given as characteristic 
values  
1 2 3 4 5 
Property  Test reference  Cement type  Strength class  Requirementsa) 
Sulphate  content  
(as SO 3) EAS 148-2 CEM I -SR 0  
CEM I -SR 3  
CEM I -SR 5b) 
CEM IV/A -SR 
CEM IV/B -SR 32.5 N  
32.5 R  
42.5 N  ≤ 3.0 % 
42.5 R  
52.5 N  
52.5 R  ≤ 3.5 % 
C3A 
in clinker  EAS 148 -2c CEM I -SR 0  All = 0 % 
CEM I - SR 3  ≤ 3 % 
CEM I -SR 5  ≤ 5 % 
≤ 9 % 
-e) CEM IV/A -SR 
CEM IV/B -SR 
Pozzolanicity   EAS 148-5 CEM IV/A -SR 
CEM IV/B -SR All Satisfies the test at 8 
days 
a) Requirements are given as percentage by mass of the final cement or clinker as defined in the table.  
b) For specific applications cements CEM I -SR 5 may be produced according to higher sulphate  content. If so the numerical value of 
this requirement for higher sulphate  content shall be declared on the delivery note.  
c) In the specific case of CEM I, it is permissible to calculate the C 3A content of clinker from the chemical analysis of the cement. The 
C3A content of clinker shall be calculated by the formula: C 3A = 2.65 A -1.69 F (see 5.2.1).  
d) Until the test method is finalized the C 3A content of clinker (see 5.2.1) shall be determined on the basis of the analysis of clinker as 
part of the manufacturer’s Factory Production Control (EAS 18-2, 4.2.1).  
 
8 Standard designation  
CEM cements shall be identified by at least the notation of the cement type as specified in Table 1 and the 
figures 32.5, 42.5 or 52.5 indicating the strength class (see 7.1). In order to indicate the early strength class 
the lette r N or the letter R shall be added as appropriate (see 7.1).  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  15 
 EXAMPLE 1:  
Portland cement conforming to this standard of strength class 42.5 with a high early strength is identified by:  
Portland cement EAS 18–1– CEM I 42.5 R  
EXAMPLE 2:  
Portland –limestone cement containing between 6 % and 20 % by mass of limestone with a TOC content not exceeding 
0.50 % by mass (L) of strength class 32.5 with an ordinary early strength is identified by:  
Portland –limestone cement EAS 18–1 –CEM II/A –L 32.5 N 
EXAMPLE 3:  
Portland–composite cement containing in total a quantity of granulated blast  furnace slag (S), siliceous fly ash (V) and 
limestone (L) of between 6 % and 20 % by mass and of strength class 32.5 with a high early strength is identified by:  
Portland –composite c ement EAS 18–1 –CEM II/A –M (S –V–L) 32 .5 R  
EXAMPLE 4:  
Composite cement containing between 18 % and 30 % by mass of granulated blast  furnace slag (S) and between 18 % 
and 30 % by mass of siliceous fly ash (V) of strength class 32.5 with an ordinary early s trength is identified by:  
Composite cement EAS 18–1 –CEM V/A (S –V) 32.5 N  
EXAMPLE 5:  
Blast furnace cement, conforming to this standard , containing between 66 % and 80 % by mass of granulated blast 
furnace slag (S), of strength class 32.5 with an ordinar y early strength and a low heat of hydration and sulphate  resisting is 
designated  by:  
Blast furnace cement  FD EAS 18-1 – CEM III/B 32.5 N - -LH/SR  
EXAMPLE 6:  
Portland cement, conforming to this standard , of strength  class 42.5 with high early strength an d sulphate  resisting with 
C3A content  of the clinker ≤ 3 % by mass is designated by:  
Portland cement EAS- 18-1 – CEM I 42 .5 R – SR3 
EXAMPLE 7:  
Pozzolanic cement, conforming to this standard , containing between 21 % and 35 % by mass of natural pozzolana (P ), of 
strength class 6 with an ordinary early strength and sulphate  resisting with C 3A content of the clinker ≤ 9 % by mass and 
meeting the requirement for pozzolanicity is designated by:  
Pozzolanic cement EAS 18-1 – CEM IV/A (P) 32.5 N – SR 
EXAMPLE 8:  
Blast furnace cement, conforming to this standard  containing between 81 % and 95 % by mass granulated blast furnace 
slag (S) of strength class 32.5, with low early strength and low hydration and sulphate resisting is designated By:  
Blast furnace cement , EAS 18-1 – CEM III/C 32.5 L – LH/SR  
EXAMPLE 9:  
Portland cement, conforming to this standard  of strength class 42.5 with high early strength and where the factory 
produces different cements complying with the same standard designation, is designated by:  EAS 18-1: 201 7 
16 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 Portla nd cement EAS 18-1 – CEM I 42.5 R (1)  
9 Conformity criteria  
9.1 General requirements  
Conformity of the 27 products to this standard  shall be continually evaluated on the basis of testing of spot 
samples. The properties, test methods and the minimum testin g frequencies for the autocontrol testing by the 
manufacturer are specified in Table 6. Concerning testing frequencies for cement not being dispatched 
continuously and other details , see EAS 18–2. Alternative test methods could be used provided that they h ave 
been validated in accordance with the appropriate provision in the cited standards of the reference test 
methods. In the event of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.  
For certification of conformity by an approved certification body, conform ity of cement with this standard  shall 
be evaluated in accordance with EAS 18–2.  
NOTE  1 This standard  does not deal with acceptance inspection at delivery.  
NOTE  2 For certification of conformity by a notified body, conformity  of cement with this standard  is evaluated in 
accordance with EAS 18-2.  
The compliance of common cements with the requirements of this standard and with the stated values 
(including classes) shall be demonstrated by:  
– Initial type testing ; and  
– Factory production control by  the manufac turer, including product assessment . 
Table 6 — Properties, test methods and minimum testing frequencies for the autocontrol testing by 
the manufacturer, and the statistical assessment procedure  
   Autocontrol testing  
Property  Cements to 
be tested  Test 
methoda) b) Minimum testing 
frequency  Statistical assessment 
procedure  
Routine 
situation  Initial 
period for a 
new type of 
cement  Inspection by  
Variables e) Attributes  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
Early strength 
Standard 
strength  All EAS 148–1 2/week  4/week  X – 
Initial setting 
time All EAS 148–3 2/week  4/week  – Xd) 
Soundness 
(Expansion)  All EAS 148–3 1/week  4/week  – X 
Loss on ignition  CEM I, CEM 
III EAS 148–2 2/month
e) 1/week  – Xd) 
Insoluble residue  CEM I, CEM 
III EAS 148–2 2/month
e) 1/week  – Xd) EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  17 
 Sulphate  content All EAS 148–2 2/week 4/week  – Xd) 
Chloride content  All EAS 148–2 2/month
e) 1/week  – Xd) 
C3A in clinker) CEM I -SR 0  
CEM I -SR 3  
CEM – SR 5  EAS 148-2g 2/ month  1/week   xd 
CEM IV/A -SR 
CEM IV/B -SR -h     
Pozzolanicity  CEM IV  EAS 148–5 2/month  1/week  – X 
Heat of hydration  Low heat 
common 
cements  EAS 148-8 
 1/month  1/week   xd 
Composition  All –i) 1/month  1/week  –  
a) Where allowed in the relevant part of EAS 148, other methods than those indicated may be used provided they give 
results correlated and e quivalent to those obtained with reference method.  
b) The methods used to take and prepare samples shall be in accordance with EAS 148–7. 
c) If the data are not normally distributed then the method of assessment may be decided on a case -by-case -basis.  
d) If the number of samples is at least one per week during the control period, the assessment m ay be made by variables.  
e) When none of the test results within a period of 12 months exceeds 50 % of the characteristic value the frequency may 
be reduced to one per month.  
g)In the specific case of CEM I, it is permissible to calculate the C 3A content of clinker from the chemical analysis of the 
cement. The C 3A content shall be calculated by the formula: C 3A= 2.65 A -1.69 F ( see 5.2.1).  
h) Until the test method is  finalized the C 3A content clinker (see 5.2.1) shall be determined on the basis of the analysis of 
clinker as part of the manufacturer’s Factory Production Control ( EAS 18-2, 4.2.1.2 ) 
i) Appropriate test method chosen by the manufacturer.  
 
9.2 Conformity criteria for mechanical, physical and chemical properties and evaluation 
procedure  
9.2.1  General  
Conformity of cement with the requirements for mechanical, physical and chemical properties in this standard  
is assumed if the conformity criteria specified in 9.2.2 and 9.2.3 are met. Conformity shall be evaluated on the 
basis of continual sampling using spot samples taken at the point of release and on the basis of the test 
results obtained on all autocontrol samples taken during the control period.  
9.2.2  Statistical conformity criteria  
9.2.2.1  General  
Conformity shall be formulated in terms of a statistical criterion based on:  
a) the specified characteristic values for mechanical, physical and chemical properties as given in 7.1, 
7.2 and 7.3 of this standard ;  EAS 18-1: 201 7 
18 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 b) the percentile Pk, on which the specified characteristic value is based, as given in Table 7;  
c) the allowable probability of acceptance CR, as given in Table 7.  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  19 
 Table 7 — Required values Pk and CR  
 Mechanical requirements  Physical and 
chemical 
requirem ents Early and standard strength  
(lower limit)  Standard strength  
(upper limit)  
The percentile Pk on which the 
characteristic value is based  5 % 10 %  
Allowable probability of 
acceptance CR  5 % 
 
NOTE  Conformity evaluation by a procedure based on a fini te number of test results can only produce an 
approximate value for the proportion of results outside the specified characteristic value in a population. The 
larger the sample size (number of test results), the better the approximation. The selected probab ility of 
acceptance CR controls the degree of approximation by the sampling plan.  
Conformity with the requirements of this standard  shall be verified either by variables or by attributes, as 
described in 9.2.2.2 and 9.2.2.3 as specified in Table 6.  
The co ntrol period shall be 12 months.  
9.2.2.2  Inspection by variables  
For this inspection the test results are assumed to be normally distributed. Conformity is verified when 
equation(s) ( 2) and ( 3), as relevant, are satisfied:  
LskxA
 (2) 
and;  
UskxA
 (3) 
where  
x
 is the arithmetic mean of the totality of the autocontrol test results in the control period;  
s is the standard deviation of the totality of the autocontrol test results in the control period;  
kA is the acceptability constant;  
L is the specified lower limit given in Table 3 referred to in 7.1;  
U is the specified upper limit given in Tables 3 and 4 referred to in clause 7.  
The acceptability constant kA depends on the percentile P k on which the  characteristic value is based, on the 
allowable probability of acceptance CR and on the number n of the test results. Values of kA are listed in Table 
8. EAS 18-1: 201 7 
20 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 Table 8 — Acceptability constant kA 
Number of test results n kA a) 
For Pk= 5 %  For Pk =10 %  
(early and standard strength, 
lower limit)  (other properties)  
20 - 21 2.40 1.93 
22 - 23 2.35 1.89 
24 - 25 2.31 1.85 
26 - 27 2.27 1.82 
28 -29 2.24 1.80 
30 - 34 2.22 1.78 
35 - 39 2.17 1.73 
40 - 44 2.13 1.70 
45 - 49 2.09 1.67 
50 - 59 2.07 1.65 
60 -69 2.02 1.61 
70- 79 1.99 1.58 
80 - 89 1.97 1.56 
90 - 99 1.94 1.54 
100 - 149 1.93 1.53 
150 - 199 1.87 1.48 
200 - 299 1.84 1.45 
300 - 399 1.80 1.42 
> 400  1.78 1.40 
NOTE  Values given in this table are valid for CR = 5 %.  
a Values of k A valid for interm ediate values of n may also be used.  
 
9.2.2.3  Inspection by attributes  
The number c D of test results outside the characteristic value shall be counted and compared with an 
acceptable number c A, calculated from the number n of autocontrol test results and  the percentile Pk as 
specified in Table 7.  
Conformity is verified when equation ( 4) is satisfied:  
cD  cA  (4)  
The value of C A depends on the percentile Pk on which the characteristic value is based, on the allowable 
probability of acceptance CR and on  a number n of the test results. Values of CA are listed in Table 9.  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  21 
 Table 9 — Values of CA 
Number of test results n a) cA for PK = 10 %  
20- 39 0 
40 -54 1 
55 - 69 2 
70 - 84 3 
85 - 99 4 
100 - 109 5 
110 - 123 6 
124 - 136 7 
NOTE  Values given in thi s table are valid for CR = 5 %  
a) If the number of test results is n  < 20 (for Pk = 10 %) a statistically based conformity criterion is not possible. 
Despite this, a criterion of c A = 0 shall be used in cases where n < 20.  If the number of test results is n > 136, 
CA can be calculated as follows: C A = 0.075 (n -30) 
 
9.2.3  Single result conformity criteria  
In addition to the statistical conformity criteria, conformity of test results to the requirements of this standard  
requires that it shall be verified that  each test result remains within the single result limit values specified in 
Table 10.  
Table10 — Limit values for  single results  
Property   
Strength class  
32.5 
L 32.5
N 32.5
R 42.5
L 42.5
N 42.5
R 52.5
L 52.5
N 52.5
R 
Early strength (MPa)  
lower limit value  2 days  - – 8.0  8.0 18.0 8.0 18.0 28.0 
7 days  10.0 14.0 –  – – - – – 
Standard strength (MPa) 
lower limit value  28 days  30.0 40.0 50.0 
Initial setting time (min) lower limit value  60 50 40 
Soundness (expansion, mm) upper limit 
value  10 
Sulphate  content  
(as % SO 3) 
upper limit value  CEM I  
- 4.0 - 4.0 4.5 - 4.5 CEM II a) 
CEM IV  
CEM V  
CEM I -SR 0  
CEM I -SR 3  
CEM I -SR 5b) 
CEM IV/A -SR - 3.5 - 3.5 4.0  4.0 EAS 18-1: 201 7 
22 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 CEM IV/B -SR 
CEM III/A  
CEM III/B  4.5 
CEM III/C  5.0 
C3A(%).  
Upper limit valu e CEM I -SR 0  1 
CEM I -SR 3  4 
CEM I -SR 5  6 
CEM IV/A -SR 10 
CEM IV/B -SR 10 
Chloride content (%) c) upper limit value  0.10d) 
Pozzolanicity  - Satisfies the 
test at 15 
days  - Satisfies 
the test 
at 15 
days  - Satisfies the test at 
15 days  
Heat of hydrati on 
(J/g).  
Upper limit value  LH 300 
a) Cement types CEM II/B – T and CEM II/B -M with a T content > 20% may contain up to 5.0  % SO 3 for all strength classes.  
b) For specific applications CEM I -SR 5 may be produced according to a higher maximum sulphate  content (see Table 7). If so, the 
upper limit value is 0.5  % above the declared value  
C) Cement type CEM III may contain more than 0.10  % chloride but in that case the maximum chloride content shall be declared.  
d )For pre –stressing applications cements may be produced according to a lower requirement. If so, the value of 0.10 % shall be 
replaced by this lower value, which shall be stated in the delivery note.  
 
9.3 Conformity criteria for cement composition  
At least once per month the composition of the ce ment shall be checked by the manufacturer, using as a rule 
a spot sample taken at the point of release of the cement. The cement composition shall meet the 
requirements specified in Table 1. The limiting quantities of the main constituents specified in Tab le 1 are 
reference values to be met by the average composition calculated from the spot samples taken in the control 
period. For single results, maximum deviations of –2 at the lower and +2 at the higher reference value are 
allowed. Suitable procedures dur ing production and appropriate verification methods to ensure conformity to 
this requirement shall be applied and documented.  
9.4 Conformity criteria for properties of the cement constituents  
The ceme nt constituents shall meet the requirements specified in Clause 5. Suitable procedures during 
production to ensure conformity with this requirement shall be applied and documented.  
10 Marking, labelling, packaging and storage  
10.1 Marking and labelling  
Each bag of cement shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the following information  in English language : 
a) the manufacturer’s name , address, (fac tory physical address)and/or  trademark;  
b) standard designation of cement;  EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  23 
 c) net weight of cement in kilograms;  
d) date of packing and/or batch number  
10.2 Packaging and storage  
10.2.1  The cement shall be packaged in a material that safeguards the quality,  safety and integrity of the 
product.  
10.2.2  The cement shall be stored in dry and cool place that allows easy access for inspection and 
identification, and in suitable waterproof building to maintain quality of the cement. It shall be stored on pallets 
not in contact with the walls / floors and roof.  
 EAS 18-1: 201 7 
24 © EAC 2017 – All rights reserved  
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
List of common cements considered as sulphate res isting in EAC 
member states but not included in table 2  
CEM Cement type  
II/A-S, 
II/B-S, 
II/A-V, 
II/B-V, 
II/A-M, 
II/A-D, 
II/A, 
V/A(S -V), 
II/A-P, 
II/A-M(S-V), 
III/A, 
V/A, 
V/B, 
II/A-R, 
II/A-LL, 
II/B-L, 
II/B-LL, 
II/A-W, 
II/B-P, 
II/B-W, 
II/B-T, 
IV/A,  
IV/A,  
IV/B, 
II/B-M(D,V,S,T,LL),  
IV/A(V)  
 
 
 
 
 
 EAS 18 -1: 201 7 
© EAC 2017 – All right s reserved  25 
 Bibliography  
[1] EN 197-1: 2011; Cement – Part 1; Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements   
 EAS 18-1: 201 7   
 
© EAC 2017 – All rights reserved