WT/TPR/M/379  
6 February 2019  
(19-0659) Page: 1/35 
Trade Policy Review Body   
20 and 22 November 2018  
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
ARMENIA  
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr. Junichi Ihara (Japan)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMA RKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT  BY THE REPRESENTATI VE OF ARMENIA  ................................ .... 4 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  9 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEM BERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  14 
5  REPLIES BY THE RE PRESENTATIVE OF ARME NIA AND ADDITIONAL C OMMENTS  ....... 29 
6  CONCLUDING REMARK S BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  33 
7  ADOPTION OF THE T PRB'S ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2018  ................................ ..............  35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Armenia  are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 379/Add.1  and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The second Trade Policy Review of Armenia was held on 20 and 22 November 2018. Due to the 
absence of the TPRB chairman , H.E. Mr. Eloi  Laourou  (Benin) , the Chair of the General Council, 
H.E.  Mr. Junichi Ihara (Japan), chaired the meeting in accordance with paragraph 8 of the Rules of 
Procedure of the Trade Policy Review Body. He welc omed the delegation of Armenia,  headed by 
Mr. Avag Avanesyan, Deputy Minister of Economic Development and Investment; the rest of the 
delegation; and the discussant, H.E. Mr. Michael  Gaffey (Ireland).  
1.2.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of trade policy re views and the main elements of 
procedures for the meeting. The report by Armenia was contained in document WT/TPR/G/379 and 
that of the WTO Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/379.  
1.3.  Questions by the following delegations had been submitted in writing before th e deadline: 
Iceland; China; United States; Japan; European Union; and Ukraine . The following delegations 
submitted written questions after the deadline: Argentina; Thailand; Canada; and India . 
1.4.  During its previous Review in 2010, Members had commended Armenia for the progress it had 
made since acceding to the WTO in 2003. Members  had noted that Armenia 's open attitude to trade 
and investment, aided by remittances from Armenians living abroad, had been  critical factors in the 
rapid economic gro wth and poverty reduction at that time. However, the glo bal economic downturn 
in 2008/ 09, exacerbated by a narrow export base, demonstrated that a major challenge for the 
Government was to encourage diversification in order to reduce exposure to external s hocks.  
1.5.  At that time, Members ' questions had focused on a number of areas, including: potential market 
access limitations resulting from border procedures, rules of origin and customs valuation; the 
transparency and application of SPS and TBT measures; and laws on intellectual property and 
geographical indications.  
1.6.  In the period under review, the major change to Armenia 's trade policy was its accession to 
the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015. This means  that most aspects of trade policy are now 
decided  at the EAEU level , which is responsible for, inter alia , the common external tariff, 
contingency measures, customs procedures, rules of origin, customs valuation, the development of 
technical requirements and SPS measures, and negotiations on free trade a greements. However, 
responsibility for trade in services and investment policy remain s largely with the individual EAEU 
member States. In parallel, Armenia continued to cooperate with the E uropean Union, having signed 
the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partner ship Agreement (CEPA) which had been  ratified by both 
parties in June 2018.  
1.7.  There were contrasting aspects resulting from Armenia joining the EAEU. On the one han d, the 
simple average tariff increased from 2.7% to 7.5% and, on the other hand , for example, customs 
procedures of the EAEU require d customs clearance in four hours, electronic documents and a single 
window. These requirements obliged Armenia to upgrade its customs posts. As a result, customs 
procedures are now considered to be more efficient, req uire fewer documents, and cost less.  
1.8.  Other measures taken by Armenia over the past few years also improved the business climate. 
These include efforts to improve governance through transparency in government procurement by 
means of an open online system, and Armenia becoming a party to the revised GPA. The review 
period also witnessed improved legislation on competition policy and its enforcement, and a 
comprehensive legal framework for intellectual property protecti on, although enforcement appears  
to remain problematic in some areas.  
1.9.  In terms of its membership of the WTO, Armenia ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement, 
deposited its instrument of acceptance, and notified provisions for implementation under categories  
A, B, and C. However, it is not a party to the Informat ion Technology Agreement and has  yet to 
accept the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement.  
1.10.   Regarding its trade performance, Armeni a's persistent trade deficit  narrowed considerably 
over the past few years , as exports of agricultur al products, tourism and mining products increased. 
Interestingly, mining represented  only 3.5% of GDP but mining products (including gold) 
represent ed over half of exports.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  1.11.   With a narrow geographic and product export base, high dependence on expatriate 
remittances, and about 60% of bank loans and deposits in  U.S. dollars, Armenia continues  to be 
exposed to external shoc ks. As shown in the Government R eport, the authorities are aware of the 
risks and the Armenian Development Strategy 2014 -25 emphasizes  the importance of improving the 
business and investment environment, and competitiveness.  
1.12.   Based on the advance written quest ions posed by Members for this R eview, the Chairperson 
drew Members ' attention to some issues of interest to them. These include d, among  others, the 
following: coordination of Armenia 's trade policies with the Commission of the EAEU in particular 
with regard to trade defence instruments; measures being undertaken to increase and diversify 
exports in goods and services and attract foreign i nvestment; how technical regulations and SPS 
measures have been adopted since accession to the EAEU; developments in competition policy and 
government procurement; strengths and weaknesses of the evolving IPR system; and how Armenia 
is seeking to improve e conomies of scale in agricultural production under the current Action Plan.  
1.13.   This meeting served  as a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of 
interest to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. The Ch airperson 
looked  forward to a fruitful exchange.  
  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVE OF ARMENIA ( MR. AVAG AVANESYAN)  
2.1.  I have the honour to head the Armenian delegation to attend the second WTO Trade Policy 
Review of Armenia. I would like to personally thank you, Ambassador Ihara, for the kind opening 
remarks. Our thanks go to His Excellency Mr. Michael Gaffey for agreeing to act as the discussant. 
We also extend our special appreciation to the WTO Secretariat and , in particular , to the TPR Di vision, 
John Finn, Mario Kakabadse, Fatima Chaudhri, Patricia Curran, as well as Mr. Samer Seif El Yazal for 
their hard and excellent work in preparing and supporting the preparation of the TPR report of 
Armenia, as well as to all WTO Members that have sho wn their interest in the trade policy review of 
Armenia and submitted their written questions. We are glad to note that Armenia has provided its 
written answers to the more than 120 questions submitted by the WTO Members both before and 
after the deadline,  with the exception of questions received from India a few days ago, which we 
will answer  as soon as possible. We also look forward to the exchange of views that will take place 
during the meetings.  
2.2.  We believe that the Trade Policy Review Mechanism is a ve ry important instrument to ensure 
the transparency of trade policies of the WTO Members, that allows for an evaluation of the 
adherence of the trade regulations to WTO rules, as well as providing a forum for presenting the 
positive developments and achieve ments of WTO Members in trade liberalization, highlighting the 
challenges in various areas and the economic and development needs of the country necessary to 
overcome them. We would like to use this opportunity to receive feedback from other WTO Members 
with regard to the drawbacks in the trade policy where further efforts should be undertaken. We 
hope that the TPR reports and the answers already provided by Armenia to the questions of WTO 
Members will help to better understand the trade policy of Armenia.  
Trade policy achievements  
2.3.  Being a small and land -locked country with no significant deposits of natural resources to boast  
despite the strong mining sector , trade has been the only feasible pathway for growth in Armenia. 
Thus, despite having closed borders  with two of our neighbours, and with a comparatively small 
share in global trade in goods and services, Armenia has made significant strides in its economic 
development, considerably improving the trade policy and the business environment since the f irst 
Trade Policy Review of Armenia in 2010. This has been achieved through successful implementation 
of reforms and the invaluable assistance and cooperation from our international partners.  
2.4.  While the Secretariat report and the Report of Armenia shed more det ailed light on each sector 
of trade policy of Armenia, allow me to highlight a few areas where we think we have made significant 
progress.  
2.5.  The improvement of trade policy is a key component of economic development for Armenia. 
The trade policy of Armenia h as competitiveness at its core and, among others, targets the 
improvement of business environment and investment climate. This is achieved through continuous 
elimination of trade barriers, modernization of infrastructure, ensuring smoothness of cross -borde r 
trade procedures as well as promotion of entrepreneurship , small -, medium - and micro . The cross -
cutting umbrella policy is ensuring equal opportunities for all and guaranteeing the rule of law.  
2.6.  Armenia has had a rapidly growing economy since early 2000 's, with an average GDP growth 
of 11.3%, with a short decline resulting from the Global Financial Crisis over the 2008 -2009 period. 
The economy of Armenia has since gradually recovered from the decline, showing an annual average 
real GDP growth of 4% and rea ching a real GDP growth of 7.5% in 2017. The external trade turnover 
has increased by 32% since the last TPR, reaching USD 6.3 bill ion in 2017 compared to 
USD 4.8 billion in 2010, with a 113.6% increase in exports.  
2.7.  The Government of Armenia gives high impo rtance to the development and structural change 
of the agriculture sector, considering its average 17.5% share in the GDP and 33% share in 
employment. Through persistent efforts in eliminating trade barriers and providing profitability 
raising incentives, introduction of modern technologies and creating favourable conditions for 
economic activity in the sector, we have achieved a near 42.4% increase in gross agricultural output 
compared to 2010.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  2.8.  The regulatory and supervisory environment of the financial se ctor in general, and the banking 
and insurance sector in particular, has been significantly improved to comply with international best 
practice and standards, and accordingly has received very good appraisals from international 
organizations  and partners . 
2.9.  IT industry is one of the rapidly growing sectors of the economy in Armenia. Compared to 2010, 
the employment rate in the sector has tripled, and the total revenue has increased by five times as 
of 2017. Armenia is considered to be a regional leader in IT and high -tech industry.  
2.10.   Taking into account the unique historical and cultural heritage of Armenia and as a result of 
substantial efforts of the Government to develop the tourism sector, the number of tourists visiting 
Armenia has increased by nearly 119%  compared to 2010.  
Liberalization and reforms  
2.11.   The mentioned economic achievements have been accomplished through major reforms and 
liberalization efforts in key areas.  
2.12.   Since joining the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015, Armenia implements customs tariff an d 
non-tariff regulations based on the EAEU Treaty, and the Customs Code of the EAEU has entered 
into force in 2018. Significant improvements have been made in c ustoms procedures, namely, 
self-declaration desks at customs houses and warehouses and a risk ma nagement system have been 
introduced, a Single Window portal was launched, three border crossing points have been 
modernized. Armenia ratified the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement on 20 March 2017, which was 
an important step towards further trade liberali zation. I would like to highlight that more than half 
of the TFA commitments have been implemented as part of Category A commitments, while around 
40% of the commitments will be implemented after a transition period, and Armenia will need 
support to implem ent three remaining commitments.  
2.13.   The Government has taken a number of measures to reduce non -tariff barriers to trade, 
among which are the modernization and improvement of the legislation and infrastructure for 
technical regulations, accreditation and conf ormity assessment, standardization, metrology, market 
surveillance and food safety system.  
2.14.   Recognizing the importance of foreign investments as drivers of technological change, 
Armenia has significantly liberalized its investment policy. The main objective s of the investment 
policy are the improvement of the legal framework, attraction of investments through the creation 
of favourable business environment, providing necessary incentives and guarantees to investors, 
increasing transparency of the regulatory environment and public service delivery. To this end, 
Armenia has signed bilateral treaties on investment promotion and protection with 42 countries.  
2.15.   The Government 's efforts in the business environment are directed at simplification of tax and 
customs ad ministration, simplification of company registration process, protection of interests of 
small shareholders, etc. Since the first TPR of Armenia, significant improvements have been achieved 
in these areas, as also evidenced by the high ratings of the studi es of international organizations.  
2.16.   Armenia acceded to the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement on 15 September 2011 
and to the WTO Revised Agreement on Government Procurement on 5 June 2015. In 2016 , the new 
law "On Procurements " was adopted to ensure c ompliance with the revised GPA, to increase 
transparency and to ensure independence of the procurement appeal system.  
2.17.   The aviation policy has been significantly liberalized in line with the "open sky " policy adopted 
by the Government, aiming to simplify p rocedures, reduce bureaucracy and create a predictable 
environment for all stakeholders. Furthermore, the EU -Armenia Common Aviation Area Agreement 
was initialled in November 2017.  
International cooperation and multilateral trading system  
2.18.   Armenia is a stro ng supporter of free trade, bilateral and plurilateral international cooperation, 
which we believe are key in achieving economic development for small economies. The expansion 
of the geography of foreign economic relations is one of the priority directions  of the Government of WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  Armenia. WTO plays a key role in this matter, by ensuring a predictable trade system and providing 
a forum for negotiations  and clarifications of our trade policy . 
2.19.   One of the main developments in this area is the accession of Armenia to the Eurasian 
Economic Union o n 2 January 2015. The accession has opened new trade and develo pment 
opportunities for Armenia  providing for the free movement of goods, services, capital and labour  in 
a market of 118 million consumers . 
2.20.   On 24 November 2017,  the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement was signed 
between Armenia and the EU, which has provisionally entered into force since 1 June 2018. The 
Agreement is a new step towards the strengthening of the economic relations and the bilateral 
dialogue between the EU and Armenia, as well as providing  opportunities to improve market 
contestability and business regulatory environment.  
2.21.   In May 2015 , the Republic of Armenia and the United States of America signed a Trade and 
Investment Framework Agreem ent. The TIFA provides a framework and principles for dialogue on 
trade and investment issues, with the objective of improving cooperation and enhancing 
opportunities for trade and investment.  
2.22.   Armenia maintains its bilateral free trade agreements signed be fore the accession to the 
EAEU. Furthermore, in the EAEU framework, the free trade agreement betwe en the EAEU and 
Viet Nam entered into force in 2016, a framework agreement for economic cooperation was signed 
with China and an Interim Agreement leading to formation of a free trade area was signed with the 
Islamic Republic of Iran, both in May 2018, the FTA negotiations are ongoing with a number of 
countries.  
2.23.   Armenia continues to participate in the ongoing WTO processes. As mentioned, Armenia 
acceded to the  WTO Agreement on Government Procurement and the WTO Revised Agreement on 
Government Procurement, as well as the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. Internal consultations 
to join other WTO initiatives are underway.  
Challenges  
2.24.   Notwithstanding the positive ap proach of my speech and the highlights of the main 
achievements, it is also necessary to point out that Armenia faces a number of challenges and issues 
on the way of its economic development, trade facilitation, elimination of trade barriers and 
institutio nal capacity building. Armenia welcomes all and any assistance or support initiatives and 
projects from the international community.  
Closing remarks  
2.25.   To conclude my statement, I would like to reiterate the willingness and commitment of 
Armenia to actively e ngage in WTO processes and adhere to the multilateral trading rules set up by 
the WTO. I would also like to once again thank all the participating Members for their interest in the 
second TPR of Armenia and the WTO Secretariat for the invaluable support du ring the process.  
2.26.   I look forward to hearing the statements, comments and questions of the WTO Members 
today, which we will be glad to address.  
2.27.   Mr. Chairperson, could we please pass the floor to Mr. Mr. Tigran Davtyan, our Representative, 
for remarks and information regarding our ongoing compensatory negot iations.  
MR. TIGRAN  DAVTYAN   
2.28.   First of all, I would like to join the Head of our del egation and warmly welcome the M embers 
of the distinguished delegations present at our Trade Policy Review meeting today.  
2.29.   We understand that observation and monitoring of national trade policies are one of the 
fundamental WTO activities and strongly support the TPR mechanism aimed at enhancing of 
transparency and building of confidence in the multilateral trade system.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  2.30.   I would like to briefly present the current status of ongoing compensatory adjustment 
negotiations, which were initiated by Armenia after accession to the EAEU.  
2.31.   As you know, the Republic of Armenia after completion of the ratificatio n procedures on 
2 Janua ry 2015, has become  a full member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and since then 
it has been applying the Common External Tariff (CET) of the EAEU, as well as other regulations, 
including special anti-dumping  and compensatory measures of the EAEU.  
2.32.   Armenia has submitted its notification under the procedures laid down in GA TT Article XXIV:6, 
particularly  the modification of its commitments in Armenia 's Schedule CLV. We have also informed 
interested Members that we would be ready to enter into GAIT Artic les XXIV and XXVIII procedures, 
including tariff negotiations or consultations to address the compensatory adjustments provided 
under Article XXIV:6 of GAIT 1994.  
2.33.   We have received claims of interests from the various interested WTO Members and entered 
into GATT Articles XXIV and XXVIII procedures including tariff negotiations and consultations to 
address the compensatory adjustments provided under Article XXIV.  
2.34.   Meanwhile, we have received a number of technical requests from the interested Members. 
Some of t he Members asked for a more clarified and comprehensive statistics, while others request 
for concordance or correlation tables between goods nomenclature. With the support of the 
Secretariat all required information as well as updated statistics was prepar ed and now is available 
to the interested M embers.  
2.35.   During this period, we have had a number of formal and informal meetings  and negotiations 
with all interested M embers. We consider them as positive an d productive and appreciate the 
delegations ' efforts pu t and the time spent. Currently, we are continuing consultations and 
communications with the respective Members ' representatives, as well as discussions and exchange 
of information on the concerned issues.  
2.36.   After substantive discussions with our partners in  EAEU, we have prepared new proposal on 
compensation request with the comprehensive list of industrial goods for which we are ready to 
consider the possibility for further liberalization of our bound import duties.  
2.37.   The list was approved by the Board of the  EAEU Co mmission and submitted in April  2018.  
2.38.   On 15 May 2018 , bilateral (multilateral) meetings have been organized in Geneva between 
Armenia and EU delegations with participation of EAEU countries representatives. During the 
meetings we had very construct ive discussions and consultations on the above -mentioned proposal 
and agreed on steps to be done further.  
2.39.   We do hope that our new proposal will lay sound grounds for substantive negotiations and 
that the progress aimed at acceleration of the ongoing process will be achieved.  
2.40.   Meanwhile, we have prepared our proposal on TRQ for agricultural goods, and presented it to 
our EAEU partners. Discussions within EAEU structures are progressing and I do hope that the 
decision -making process will be completed soo n. And thus, we would be able to provide our 
comprehensive reply and proposal for compensation request on the agricultural goods, as it has 
been already done for industrial goods.  
2.41.   At th e same time, we understand that  taking into accoun t the number of the i nterested 
Members involved in the process, as well as the scope of the technical work to be done, additional 
time would be required to bring the process to the end.  
2.42.   And, as you know, during the CTG meeting last Monday , the Council has agreed to provide 
with 12-month extension  until 2 January 2020 for conducting compensatory adjustment negotiations 
under Articles XXIV and XXVIII:3 of the GAIT 1994.  
2.43.   I would like to mention that during the Council meeting we have expressed our readiness to 
discuss the possibil ity of organiz ing the next round of negotiations with all the interested M embers 
by the end of the year in Geneva.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  2.44.   We do hope that the progress aimed at acceleration of the ongoing process will be reached 
and we are ready to continue our communication with  the inte rested WTO M embers in a pragmatic 
and constructive way.  
2.45.   We believe that further consultations and negotiations would be successful and assure our 
colleagues that Armenia will everything  to complete the process as soon as possible in full 
complianc e with the WTO rules and procedures . 
2.46.   Taking this opportunity , I would like  to, once again , express appreciation to the distinguished 
delegations for the attention and wish us a very success in the Trade Policy Review exercise today.  
  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSANT  
Introduction  
3.1.  I would like to begin by thanking you, Mr Chairman, for this opportunity to take on the role of 
discussant for the second Trade Policy Review of Armenia. I hope my comments will be of interest 
to the Armenian delegation. I represent a c ountry, Ireland, which provides evidence of the important 
economic benefits of the global rules -based system for small open economies. Ireland, a strongly 
committed member of the European Union, is a strong supporter of the multilateral trading system.  
3.2.  I would like to thank the Secretariat for their  hard work and  effectiveness in compiling the 
report and I thank the Armenian delegation for the Government report.  
3.3.  Finally, let me extend a warm welcome to the Deputy Minister of Economic Development and 
Invest ment of Armenia, Mr . Avag Avanesyan, and his team of officials, who have travelled from 
Yerevan. This review session is an important function of the WTO and an invaluable opportunity to 
focus on one Member and review all issues affecting its trade policy.  
Wider c ontext  
3.4.  At the outset, I should set out briefly the wider context for this discussion. Trade and economic 
development do not take place in a vacuum.  
3.5.  Since its last Review in 2010, Armenia has undergone a phase of political reform, moving from 
a semi-presidential to a parliamentary system through the adoption of amendments to the 
constitution which came into effect in 2015. Under the new system, the President 's powers include 
the conclusion of international t reaties  on the recommendation of the Go vernment, while the Prime 
Minister determines the main direction of Government policy. The strength of the democratic system 
was highlighted earlier this year when large scale popular protests and political upheaval res ulted in 
a change of Government  witho ut violence and in accordance with the rule of law.  
3.6.  In terms of international economic partnerships since the last review, the most significant 
developments have been the accession of Armenia to the Eurasian Economic Union, in 2015, and 
the Comprehensive a nd Enhanced Partnership Agreement between Armenia and the European Union 
which came into force this year.  
3.7.  Within Armenia, other major changes since 2010 include a significant reform of the judicial 
system, as well as amendments to the tax system, new capit al requirements on banks, and ongoing 
changes to the energy sector.  
Economic and trade c ontext  
3.8.  Armenia is an open economy, dependent on trade, investment, tourism and remittances. 
Imports and exports of goods and services represent the equivalent of 87% of  GDP. Foreign 
remittances account for some 13% of GDP. This underlines the importance of formal trading and 
economic relationships, a functioning international trading system and global economic growth.  
3.9.  The Armenian economy has performed quite well since t he last Trade Policy Review in 2010 on 
the back of strong economic management and reform. Although growth has varied considerably 
from one year to the next, GDP per capita increased by 27% to more than USD  3,872.  
3.10.   Other positive indicators include: inflati on under control, credit increasing, growing foreign 
exchange reserves, while export growth has outpaced import growth and inward investment has 
outgrown outward investment. In addition, unemployment has fallen although it remains high by 
international sta ndards.  
3.11.   On the trade side, in the period 2010 to 2017, exports of goods almost doubled although they 
remain concentrated in mining and agriculture products. Exports of services also increased 
considerably mainly due to rising receipts from tourism.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  3.12.   Althoug h Armenia continues to have a trade deficit, exports have been increasing faster than 
imports. The trade deficit has narrowed, while remittances have remained strong and the current 
account deficit has fallen from about 13% to 3% of GDP.  
3.13.   However, exports a re not only concentrated in a small number of products and services but 
also in a small number of markets. The European Union and the Russian Federation account for well 
over half of all exports and imports.  
3.14.   As noted earlier, accession to the EAEU in 2015,  the signing of a Comprehensive and Enhanced 
Economic Agreement with the EU and the conclusion or continuing negotiation of Free Trade 
Agreements with third parties, are the major external developments in economic and trade policy.  
3.15.   These agreements are tes tament to Armenia 's export -led growth strategy and serve to 
underline Armenia 's desire to develop economically through formal partnerships with neighbours 
and other parties, and in keeping with global trade rules and norms.  
3.16.   However, it should also be note d in this context that , as a consequence of joining the EAEU, 
Armenia 's average import tariff has increased from 2.7% to 7.5%: the number of duty free tariff 
lines has fallen from nearly three -quarters of all tariff lines to less than one -fifth, and the nu mber of 
tariff lines subject to complex tariffs has increased. Armenia is currently in the p rocess of negotiating 
with WTO M embers on addressing the consequences. I would also note that , as a consequence of 
accession to the EAEU, the Eurasian Economic Comm ission is now responsible for anti -dumping, 
countervailing and safeguard measures, in line with its responsibilities for the EAEU as a whole. This 
has resulted in an increase in trade -defence measures.  
3.17.   On the other hand, it should be pointed out that acces sion to the EAEU appears to have 
improved some trade policies and practices including customs administration, with electronic 
documents, a single window, and automatic release of goods among the operations required under 
the Union 's Customs Code.  
3.18.   Armenia c ontinues to be an attractive destination for foreign inward investment, following an 
"open-door" policy. According to Armenia, it has signed bilateral investment treaties with 
42 countries. Target sectors for investment are energy, telecommunications, mini ng, transportation 
and manufacturing. As of 2017, the Russian Federation, France, Germany and Argentina were the 
largest sources of foreign investment.  
3.19.   In broad terms, Armenia 's international rankings have improved over the review period, on 
foot of various regulatory reforms, and particularly in the areas of business start -ups. 
3.20.   Overall, therefore, the prospects for the Armenian economy appear bright and I note that, 
according to the IMF, the outlook is "very favourable " against a backdrop of Governme nt policy 
designed to instil the conditions for sustainable economic growth.  
Policy and sectoral c ontext  
3.21.   During the review period, there have been a number of major economic policy developments 
and initiatives domestically, with underpinning legislation, t o ensure that the Armenian economy is 
both compliant and competitive on an international basis.  
3.22.   New policy developments since the last review include:  
• Continued privatiz ation of state -owned enterprises – as of 1 January 2018 , there were 
156 commercial enti ties with more than 50% state ownership, the majority being in the 
healthcare sector. According to Armenia,  there are no tax privileges accruing to such state -
owned enterprises.  
• Competition policy continues to be strengthened including to meet internationa l standards 
required by the EAEU and the CEPA agreement with the European Union.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  • Government Procurement accounts for about 30% of Armenian governm ent spending. 
Armenia became a M ember of the WTO Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement 
in 2011.  
• Agriculture plays an important role and exports have increased, albeit mainly due to 
phenomenal growth in exports of cigarettes. In WTO terms, government support for the sector 
is quite modest.  
• Mining and quarrying accounted for 40% of goods exports in 2017.  
• Banking is a major sector but is seriously exposed to exchange rates with two -thirds of 
deposits and lending denominated in dollars. Legislative requirements that strengthen the 
potential of the banking system to contribute to economic development have been introduced. 
The Central Bank of Armenia has assumed greater responsibility for regulating the sector and 
there are no restrictions on foreign investment.  
• In the electricity sector, Armenia is aiming to move from a 'single -buyer' system to a more 
liberalized regime where independent entities can have better opportunities to access the 
market.  
• Tourism represented 29% of exports of goods and services with the number of arrivals 
doubling since 2010. The introduction of an 'open skies ' policy will enhance b oth trade and 
tourism potential. There are proposals to strengthen tourism standards and consumer rights.  
• However, as regards intellectual property, while the framework for protection is strong, the 
mechanisms for enforcing protection are not. It is hoped that the EAEU treaty, which aims to 
create a common system for IP protection, can lead to an improvement.  
• Finally, Armenia aims to continue to improve the business environment through its 
Development Strategy 2014 -2025, including through:  
o Increasing inter national competitiveness  
o Appropriate monetary policy  
o Expanding the tax base  
o Promotion of enterprise and exports  
o Developing the tourism, agriculture and IT sectors.  
3.23.   There are also separate ongoing initiatives to enhance the promotion of foreign investment,  
to promote Free Economic Zones, to develop public private partnerships and to create diaspora 
investment funds.  
Issues r aised at the 2010 Review  
3.24.   This is the second Trade Policy R eview since Armenia joined the WTO in 2003. It was evident 
at the first revie w, completed in 2010, eight years ago, that Armenia had a policy of openness 
towards trade and investment, helped also by remittances from the Armenian Diaspora.  
3.25.   However, the challenges posed by the economic downturn in 2008 exposed certain 
weaknesses in the Armenian economic model, notably the narrow export base, the dependence on 
remittances to cover the balance -of-payments deficit and unsustainable growth in the construction 
sector.  
3.26.   A key issue therefore was the need to reduce exposure to external and internal shocks through 
the diversification of the economy and of its export trade.  
3.27.   Secondly it was emphasiz ed that economic reforms needed to continue with a focus on 
implementation of policies in addition to legislative and institutional reform.  
3.28.   In terms of WTO commitments, key issues to be addressed were:  
• Early accession to the Government Procurement Agreement . WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  • The need to address a variety of procedural and regulatory requirements that might inhibit 
inward trade such as Rules of Origin, Customs Val uation, SPS and TBT measures and the 
discriminatory application of VAT.  
• Compliance with WTO agreements on intellectual property.  
3.29.   Undoubtedly , Members will want to revisit these elements in the forthcoming sessions.  
Armenia and Ireland  
3.30.   At this point, I hope you can indulge me if I compare briefly some common themes in the 
economic development of Armenia and my own country, Ireland.  
3.31.   There are a number of similarities and a number of similar staging points that have shaped 
our development.  These will include:   
• The specific  challenges of being an island or a landlocked country;  
• A historic dependence on agriculture and construction;  
• A heavy trade dependence historically with a near neighbour;  
• An engaged diaspora;  
• A conscious policy to opt fo r an economic model based on trade and investment;  
• An ongoing need to diversify trade and foster new technology -based enterprise to counter 
economy -wide shocks;  
• The need to forge partnerships among the international economic community;  
• Adhering to the wor ld trade order and rules -based relationships with the rest of the trading 
world.  
• And finally, in that context, the importance of a strong, fully -functioning and effective global 
trading system.  
Challenges a head  
3.32.   Review ing the questions submitted by M embers,  there are a number of themes that I expect 
to arise in our discussions.  
3.33.   In terms of the broad economic environment, there are questions around the stability of 
Armenia 's currency and interventions in the market by the Central Bank, as well as the particip ation 
of women in the economy and in trade.  
3.34.   On trade issues, there are questions around the need to diversify exports of goods and 
services, the nature of measures to develop SMEs and supports to the agriculture sector.  
3.35.   There are a number of questions rela ting to the role of the EAEU in Armenia 's trade policy.  
3.36.   On trading sectors, there are questions regarding agriculture development policies and on 
specifically in relation to illicit trade in tobacco.  
3.37.   On energy there are quest ions regarding further liberali zation in the sector and particularly 
on incentives to the geothermal sector.  
3.38.   On financial s ervices there are concerns around the licensing and regulatory issues, 
particularly for the non -banking sector.  
3.39.   On tourism there are questions around certification and licensing of tourism entities.  
3.40.   There is also a range of questions on trade -related policy measures including int ellectual 
property, government p rocurement, competition policy, Free Economic Zones, as  well as on 
measures in the areas of tariffs, anti -dumping,  safeguards, export i nsurance and SPS.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  Conclusion  
3.41.   In summary, Mr Chairman and Members, I believe that against a background of economic 
reforms aimed at continued  export -led growth and liberaliz ation of the Armenian market, our focus 
will be on the practical effects of various measures rather than the policies per se , and designed to 
encourage Armenia to continue as a fully engaged M ember of the world trading system.  
3.42.   In that context , I note the c omments in the Armenian paper about the importance of technical 
assistance and , in particular , for training programmes in the area of world trade law. Thank You.  
  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBER S 
ICELAND  
4.1.  As the WT O report notes, since the last R eview in 2010, econom ic growth has recovered from 
the severe downturn resulting from the global financial crises. Iceland welcomes the various 
initiatives and reforms that Armenia has undertaken in the review period, or is preparing currently 
to improve the business environmen t, attract investment with the goal of raising economic growth 
and making it more inclusive.  
4.2.  On the occasion of the 11th Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires last December , more than 
120 WTO Members and O bservers launched a joint declaration on trade wom en's economic 
empowerment that aims , inter alia , at sharing best practices and working together here at the WTO 
to remove barriers for women 's economic empowerment and increase their participation in trade. 
This declaration is the fruit of the Trade Impact  Working Group that was established under the 
auspices of the International Gender Champions – Geneva, that Ice land is co -chairing with 
Sierra  Leone and the ITC.  
4.3.  The trade policy review provides an excellent opportunity to share best practices in this fie ld. 
Iceland submitted advance written questions on the participation of women in the economy of 
Armenia, as well as on the initiatives that Armenia is undertaking on making economic growth  more 
inclusive. We wish to thank Armenia for the responses to our w ritten questions. We will review the 
answers thoroughly and request clarifications as necessary during the course of this TPR. The 
answers are very useful as we implement the joint declaration and gather best practices.  
4.4.  Iceland appreciates Armenia 's active  engagement in the WTO and their continued support for 
the multilateral trading system. We wish the delegation of Armenia every success for their second 
Trade Policy R eview.  
CHINA  
4.5.  We are pleased to see that since the first Trade Policy Review of Armenia in  2010, Armenia 's 
economy has recovered from the 2008 global financial crises, with an average GDP growth of 4% 
though with some fluctuations in between. Especially in 2017, the real growth of GDP reached 7.5%. 
Furthermore, according to Asian Development Ou tlook 2018 of Asian Development Bank, Armenia 's 
GDP is expected to grow by 5.3% this year and 4.5% in 2019. Meanwhile, since the first Review of 
Armenia 's trade policy, its inward FDI was consistently greater than outward FDI suggesting that 
Armenia is bec oming an attractive destination for investment. These positive signs make us more 
confident that Armenia has laid a good foundation for future sustainable development and economic 
growth. In this process, it has been well recognized that trade and investme nt played an important 
role in the above achievements. Therefore, we are encouraged by Armenia 's continuing 
commitments to an open and liberal trade and investment regime and believe such efforts will help 
Armenia to achieve its Dev elopment Strategy 2014 -25. 
4.6.  Besides, we commend Armenia 's strong support to the multilateral system and resistance to 
the unilateralism. We value the efforts by Armenia to ensure its laws, regulations and various 
measures to be compliant with its commitments in WTO. We welcome Arm enia's ratification and 
notification on the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), including its early  implementation of some 
Category B provisions. We encourag e Armenia to implement all the C ategory B pr ovisions in an early 
date, and C ategory C as well when technical assistance is available. With another agreement which 
was reached in the recent years, that is In formation Technology Agreement Expansion, we also see 
the value for Armenia. In Armenia 's own report, it mentions that Armenia is considered as a hub  for 
software development, industrial computing, electronics, and semiconductor production, and 
continues to be the regional leader in IT and high -tech. IT sector has made great contributions to 
Armenia 's revenue and employment. We note that since some of EAEU members are already 
participants of ITA I, EAEU should have applied zero tariff rates for all the ITA I covered products. 
As accessing to the EAEU ，Armenia is supposed to have de fa cto already implemented ITA I. To 
unleash Armenia 's great potential in IT sector and to let Armenia well engaged in the global value 
chain, we encourage Armenia to join the ITA I and to work together with other EAEU members for 
an early accession to the ITA Expansion.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.7.  With regard to the bilateral trade, recent years have seen  rapid growth in trade and investment 
between China and Armenia. According to China 's statistics, the two -side trade reached 
USD 311 million from January to August 2018 and increased about 21.69 % year on year. China has 
become Armenia 's second largest trading partner. China and EAEU signed the Agreement on 
Economic and Trade Cooperation on 17 May 2018. China believes this agreement will also enhance 
the China and Armenia bilateral trade and investment cooperation. However, due to Armeni a's 
accession to the EAEU, it has resulted in an overall increase in tariffs and a more complex tariff 
structure. China has submitted the claim of interest and has been working with Armenia under GATT 
Article 28. We look forward to an early outcome in this  regard.  
4.8.  Furthermore, China will further promote cooperation with Armenia through the Belt and Road 
Initiative, strengthening synergy between the development strategies and boosting economic growth 
in the region.  
4.9.  To better understand the latest developme nt in Armenia 's trade policy, we have raised some 
questions regarding polices on agricu ltural and foreign investment. We appreciate the replies 
provided by Armenia and we  would further study them.  
4.10.   To conclude, I wish this Review a complete success.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.11.   On behalf of the United States, I would like to join others in warmly welcoming Deputy Minister 
Avanesyan and the rest of the delegation for this Trade P olicy Review of Armenia. Nearly a decade 
has passed since Armenia 's first review in 2010, and th e Government has made significant changes 
to its economy, including its accession into the Eurasian Econo mic Union (EAEU) in 2015.  
4.12.   During its first TPR, Armenia was widely commended for its sectoral reforms and 
market -driven polices, which resulted in an i mproved busines s climate and economic growth. 
Armenia was on the cusp of acceding to the Agreement on Government Procurement, its average 
applied tariff ra te was among the lowest of WTO M embers, and – as stated by the Secretariat – "in 
many areas, particul arly in services, Armenia 's trade policies [were] more liberal tha n its WTO 
accession commitments ". 
4.13.   In addition  to these broad commendations, M embers also highlighted a few areas in which 
additional efforts were needed to sustain this economic performance:  tax policy reform, enforcement 
of intellectual property rights, and various improvements in the areas of SPS and TBT.  
4.14.   Armenia should continue to be encouraged since its last review; its persistent sectoral reforms 
and sound macroeconomic policies have re mained largely successful, in particular a simplified tax 
code, improvements in its tax administration, and a redoubling of efforts to improve its business 
climate have all contributed to Armenia 's respectable economic gro wth over the period of review. 
Furthermore, United States would like to commend Armenia on becoming party to the Agreement 
on Government Procurement in 2011 and the revised agreement in 2015, and more recently, on 
Armenia 's ratification of the Trade F acilitation Agreement in 2017.  
4.15.   The United States offers our questions and comments on the Armenian trade regime in a 
constructive spirit, and we would like to thank the Armenian delegation in advance for consi dering 
and responding to them. We are particularly interested in better understand ing the impact of 
membership in the EAEU on Armenia 's authority and decision -making across a range of issues, 
including in the  area of TBT and SPS measures. We look forward to understanding how Armenia 
defines the term "international standard, " the process for determining conformity assessment for 
EAEU technical regulations, and the status in Armenia of EAEU technical regulations that it has not 
yet notified to the WTO.  
4.16.   We urge Armenia to ensure prompt and full notification to WTO members of ste ps Armenia 
intends to take to modify these measures. We also urge Armenia to recognize the WTO TBT 
Committee Decision on international standards, and we would welcome greater detail on how 
Armenia is managing these regulatory processes since joining the EA EU. WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.17.   In addition, we seek clarification regarding the EAEU process for public consultations on draft 
technical  regulations.  Specifically, whether these consultations also take place regarding draft 
conformity assessment procedures and SPS measures; if inter ested parties from outside the EAEU 
are able to participate in the consultations; and if comments received during public consultation and 
comments received as a result of WTO notification are given equal consideration.  
4.18.   In the area of competition law, the U nited States requests more information on Armenia 's 
recent amendments to The Law on Protection of Economic C ompetition. Specifically, we would be 
grateful for more information on whether Armenia intends to further harmonize its Competi tion Law 
with that of  the EAEU.  In addition, the United States would welcome a more detailed explanation of 
how these amendments affect the selection of Members of the State Commission for the Protection 
of Economic Competition.  
4.19.   Finally, the United States also requests additi onal information concerning Armenia 's definitive 
dates for the implementation of provisions in the Trade Facilitation Agreement designated as 
Category B.   
4.20.   In closing, the United States appreciates the opportunity to participate in this review and 
provide constructive obs ervations to a valued partner. We look forward to continued cooperation 
with Armenia and a dee pening of our common interests.  We also look forward to hearing of Armenia 's 
continued success during its next Trade Policy R eview.  
JAPAN  
4.21.   We appre ciate the answers provided by Armenia to our written questions on IPR issues. We 
encourage Armenia to develop a more solid foundation for protection and enforcement of IPR.  
4.22.   Eight years have passed since Armenia 's last TPR in 2010. During that period, Armen ia has 
developed a solid macroeconomic foundation supported by its trade and investment policy. 
Consequently, Armenia has achieved outstanding economic development with annual average 
growth of 4%, and notably over 7% growth in 2017.  
4.23.   Among many macroeconom ic factors, trade is crucially important for Armenia 's economy 
considering the fact that exports and imports of goods and services correspond to 87% of its GDP. 
In this regard, we appreciate Armenia 's rapid increase in exports, especially of mining product s and 
agricultural products such as cigarettes. This has definitely contributed to a decrease in current 
account deficits. Also, in terms of achieving a level playing field, it should be underscored that 
Armenia does not provide subsidies contingent on exp ort performance.  
4.24.   In addition, we truly appreciate Armenia 's achievement of an increase in net inward Foreign 
Direct Investment (FDI) while maintaining the balance of payments. This is attributed to the adoption 
of the Law on Free Economic Zones (FEZs) in 2011. Based on the law, Armenia has provided various 
incentives to foreign investors, for example in the form of taxation measures to facilitate foreign 
investments to FEZs.  
4.25.   We therefore highly appreciate Armenia 's trade and investment policy as a key ena bler for its 
economic development. At the same time, the heavy dependence of Armenia 's economy on specific 
trading partners comes with a certain amount of risk. To this effect, we truly welcome Armenia 's 
continuous efforts to pursue broader economic partne rships by acceding to the Eurasian Economic 
Union (EAEU) in 2015, implementing the EU -Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership 
Agreement (CEPA) in 2018 and concluding many FTAs.  
4.26.   Additionally, we appreciate Armenia 's continuous efforts to submit notif ications to the WTO 
regarding TBT and SPS measures. We believe that such efforts in the area of notification will 
definitely contribute to enhancing the predictability and transparency of Armenia 's market and 
attracting foreign investments.  
4.27.   Furthermore, we  appreciate Armenia 's continuous efforts on trade facilitation through 
introduction of the efficient single window system.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.28.   In conclusion, we are sure that by observing its commitments to the WTO Armenia will be 
placed to continue pursuing open, transparent  and non -discriminatory markets. We wish Armenia a 
successful and productive TPR, and look forward to hearing of further progress regarding its trade 
and investment policies at its next TPR.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.29.   The EU would like to start by highlighting some of  the positive developments that have 
emerged during the period under review.  
4.30.   Since Armenia 's last TPR in 2010, macroeconomic stability has been significantly enhanced. 
We commend Armenia for its average GDP growth of 4.0% during the period 2010 -2017. The E U 
supports the implementation of reforms in Armenia focusing on enhanced democracy, transparency, 
accountability and the rule of law, which should contribute to a better business environment.  
4.31.   We also welcome the encouraging statements and objectives of th e new Armenian Cabinet to 
improve the business and investment climate. The EU is ready to support Armenia in its reform 
agenda. We look forward seeing  these political commitments being translated into action in the near 
future.  
4.32.   We encourage Armenia to cont inue its constructive engagement with the WTO. In particular, 
we would commend Armenia for acceding to the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) in 
2011, as well as having signed the revised GPA. Likewise, we welcome Armenia 's ratification of the 
Trade Fa cilitation Agreement (TFA).  
4.33.   Since Armenia 's last TPR, there have been significant changes in the legal framework 
governing EU -Armenia trade relations. Since 1 June 2018, the EU -Armenia Comprehensive and 
Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) entered into p rovisional application. This agreement 
provides for a deepening of the political, economic and trade relations between Armenia and the EU. 
We expect the agreement to play an important role in further improving the business climate in 
Armenia, as well as cr eating a level playing field conducive to foreign investment and jobs growth. 
We welcome Armenia 's commitment to implement the Agreement effectively and to pursue an 
ambitious reform agenda.  
4.34.   The overall long -term trend in EU -Armenia bilateral trade is equa lly positive. Bilateral trade is 
increasing, and since the last TPR, the total amount of trade between the two sides increased from 
€816 million in 2010 to about €1.1 billion in 2017.  
4.35.   The EU assists Armenia 's continued economic development. Armenia benefit s from the EU 's 
General Scheme of Preferences plus (GSP+) arrangement, and has a very high utilization rate of 
this scheme (around 93%). As a member of our Eastern Partnership, Armenia has also benefited 
from EU financial support, such as the €70 million o f grants disbursed from the Neighborhood 
Investment Facility since 2014.  
4.36.   We also would like to underline some topics on which we encourage Armenia to improve the 
current situation, or to pay special attention to.  
4.37.   First, and whilst acknowledging that Armeni a has been taking certain actions in this area since 
the last TPR, we encourage Armenia to continue diversifying its export base. For example, we note 
that Armenia 's exports continue to be concentrated in the mining sector (in case of goods) and 
tourism (a s far as services are concerned).  
4.38.   Secondly, we have some specific concerns regarding government procurement. We are 
concerned about some legislative changes as a result of Armenia 's EAEU accession, such as some 
harmonised EAEU blacklisting provisions, and their compatibility with the GPA. Likewise, we are 
afraid that legislative changes in 2018 might have weakened the independence of Armenia 's 
Procurement Review Board.  
4.39.   Thirdly, the protection of intellectual property rights remains an important issue. We wo uld 
like to see more effective enforcement and progress in Armenia 's capacity -building in the protection 
of IPRs.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.40.   Finally, we note that cigarettes and other tobacco products manufacturing is becoming 
increasingly important for Armenian government revenue. In EU -Armenia trade relations, we have 
seen an important rise in cigarette exports. We encourage Armenia to continue its efforts to control 
and fight against illicit trade of tobacco products.  
4.41.   In conclusion, the EU encourages Armenia to proceed with its positive engagement with the 
multilateral trading system, and to further concretize initiatives that will improve its bu siness and 
investment climate.  
4.42.   On behalf of the EU, I look forward to a constructive exchange of views during this review and 
I wish the  delegation of Armenia the utmost success during its second  Trade Policy Review since 
joining the WTO in 2003.  
UKRAINE  
4.43.   We would like to highlig ht the good progress of Armenia 's economy during the period under 
review as showed by its average annual growth of 4%, attributed to sound macroeconomic 
management and sectoral reforms. Ukraine believes that Armenia will maintain the growth 
momentum with further reforms and trade liberal ization.  
4.44.   With reference to our bilateral relationship, Armenia is one of Ukraine 's important trading 
partner. Our bilateral trade in go ods increased in the 2015 -17 period by 6,5% and in 2017 the trad e 
turnover of goods amounted USD 116,0 million. The compo sition of this trade is agricultural products, 
iron, electrical machinery and equipment, paper, pharmaceutical, chemical and other industrial 
goods.  
4.45.   At present, our bilateral trade is carried out under free trade agreement provisions, which 
provide for the  elimination of duties.  
4.46.   In this respect, we would like to underline some issues where we encourage Armenia to pay 
special attention.  
4.47.   In the context o f the renegotiations of Armenia' s WTO Schedule held due to its accession to 
the Eurasian Economic Union (EA EU), Ukraine is interested in further developing our trade relations 
based on free trade regime. On that subject, Ukraine asked Armenia to clarify the procedure for the 
territorial application of trade regime of the Eurasian Economic Union, in particular, the application 
of the common external tariff with the parties of free trade agreements.  
4.48.   Besides, to better understand the latest development of Armenia 's trade policy, we submitted 
written questions in areas of agriculture, anti -dumping and safeguard meas ures, enforcement of 
intellectual property rights, financial services, further activities within the WTO on electronic 
commerce and domestic regulation in services.  
4.49.   We appreciate the replies provided by Armenia to our questions.  
4.50.   However, we would like to draw attention to the application of trade defense measures on the 
territory of Armenia.  
4.51.   Ukraine is concerned with Armenia 's practice to avoid bearing responsibility for fulfilment  of 
its commitments under the WTO trade remedies agreements. Membership in t he EAEU and 
delegation of relevant competence to the Eurasian Economic Commission are used by Armenia as 
an excuse.  
4.52.   We understand the complexity of simultaneous participation in several international 
organizations, but strongly believe that Armenia will a dhere to the WTO rules.  
4.53.   In conclusion, Ukraine encourages Armenia to continue its efforts to create favourable 
conditions for a sustainable pattern of economic growth and to im plement the announced reforms.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.54.   On behalf of Ukraine, we look forward to a constr uctive exchange of views in the course of 
this meeting and wish the delegation of Armenia the utmost success during its second  Trade Policy 
Review.  
ARGENTINA  
4.55.   Argentina is pleased to note that annual economic growth in Armenia averaged 4% during 
the review period, with an outstanding performance in 2017. Argentina also notes the fluctuations 
attributable to external factors, but wishes to highlight, nonetheless, the sound macroeconomic 
management and sectoral reforms that have underpinned this growth.  
4.56.   It is noteworthy that exports of goods, although still highly concentrated, have more than 
doubled since the last TPR in 2010. When we analyse exports from Armenia to Latin America, we 
see that Argentina occupies second position.  
4.57.   We note that imports are for the  most part not subject to prohibitions, quotas or licensing 
requirements . It should also be emphasized that the TBT measures notified by Armenia have not 
given rise to specific trade concerns . 
4.58.   As regards trade facilitation, we commend Armenia's efforts to implement the Customs Code 
of the Eurasian Economic Union  and the innovations introduced by  the Code relative to the previous 
system. Armenia's good position in the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index  is also 
noteworthy . 
4.59.   On a separate topic, we share the Secretariat's view, as expressed in its report, that, while 
Armenia has made some progress on issues related to intellectual property rights , strengthening 
enforcement mechanisms remains necessary.  
4.60.   Bilateral instruments co ncluded between Argentina and Armenia include an intergovernmental 
agreement on economic cooperation, signed in 2014. I would also like to mention that, in that same 
year, our two countries signed an intergovernmental agreement on the free exercise of remu nerated 
activities by family members of the staff of diplomatic and consular missions . 
4.61.   As part of this trade policy review we submitted questions relating to tariffs and border 
measures. We are grateful for the responses provided by Armenia, which are bein g analysed in our 
capital.  
4.62.   While reiterating our appreciation of this renewed opportunity to exchange points of view and 
reflections on the trade policies and practices of Armenia, we would like to draw attention once again 
to the importance of this exerci se in transparency, in all its aspects, and to wish the Armenian 
authorities a successful conclusion to this review.  
CANADA  
4.63.   Please allow me to join others in extending a warm welcome  to the delegation of Armenia. 
Canada is pleased to participate in this tr ade policy review as we follow with interest Armenia 's 
progress in the development and implementation of economic and legislative reforms. As was 
highlighted during the recent visit of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to Yerevan, on the 
margins of a successful Francophonie Summit for which we would like to congratulate Armenia, 
Canada views Armenia as an important commercial and bilateral partner in the region. As an example 
of this importance, our leaders discussed their intention to begin talks on e xpanding air services 
between Canada and Armenia, which would facilitate travel, tourism, and trade, and strengthen the 
ties between the people in both countries.  
4.64.   Canada takes this opportunity to express its continued interest in supporting the ongoing 
transition in Armenia and in furthering trade cooperation, including in the area of corporate 
transparency and governance.  
4.65.   I would be remiss if I did not begin my co mments by acknowledging the positive 
advancements the Armenian economy has made since its last trade policy review as it recovers from 
the 2009 global financial crisis; particularly in light of the fact that its transition to a market economy WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  occurred just  over 25 years ago.  In that regard, both the IMF and the World Bank have forecast 
positive growth in the near term and already in the first half of 2018, Armenia 's GDP registered ov er 
an 8% year -on-year increase.  Inflation remains low, the poverty rate is  declining and as the 
Secretariat noted in its report, Armenia has made significant strides in enhancin g its macroeconomic 
stability. Moreover, since Armenia 's last trade policy review, its exports of goods ha ve more than 
doubled in value.  
4.66.   I also believe i t is important to acknowledge the large role trade plays in Armenia 's economy, 
with trade in goods and services accounting for  approximately 87% of its GDP. In that regard, 
Canada fully supports the advances Armenia has made towards economic integration wi th countries 
of importance to Armenia and through agreements such as the Comprehensive and Enhanced 
Partnership Agreement it signed last year with the European Union.  
4.67.   I would like to commend Armenia for ratifying and acceding to the WTO Trade Facilitation 
Agreement. I would also note that further to notifying its A, B and C category commitments, Armenia 
has already implemented, according to the Secretariat report, many of the B category commitments 
earlier than indicated in the notification.  
4.68.   Canada also rec ognizes Armenia 's positive record of ensuring its goods transparency 
commitments  to WTO Members are fulfilled. However, Canada would encourage Armenia to make 
special efforts to update its Import Licensing and Quantitative Restrictions notifications which have 
not been filed in several years. By doing so, Armenia is supporting the WTO 's monitoring function 
and the ability of other members to understand the policy actions taken by Armenia.  
4.69.   Canada notes that while Armenia has an overall liberal trade regime, the pace of necessary 
reforms ha s slowed down in recent years. This is reflected in Armenia 's weak performance in three 
key categories that are indicative of the types of obstacles to expanding trade Canadian companies 
have experienced in Armenia: ease of doing business, corruption and underdeveloped transportation 
links.   
4.70.   First, in 2018 Armenia fell 9 places in the World Bank 's "ease of doing business ranking ", and 
eleven places on the Heritage Foundation "Index of Economic Freedom " both of which represen t 
important measures of a country 's business environment.  
4.71.   Second, Armenia has not shown any demonstrable improvement as it relates to transparency 
and co rruption in recent years.  On Transparency International 's most recent "Corruption Perception 
Index ", Armenia ranked 107th with a score of 35 out of 100; its average s core over the past four 
years.  
4.72.   Finally, on the World Bank 's LPI index, which measures a countries performance of trade 
logistics, Armenia has shown little improvement with a ranking of 92 out of 160 countries and a 
score of 2.61 in 2018, only slightly better than its four -year average score of 2.51.  
4.73.   That being said, I am heartened by the cur rent Armenian G overnment 's approach to these 
and other issues as Prime Minister Pashinyan has affirmed hi s commitment to enforce the rule of 
law and combat all forms of corruption, to increase competition, and to put in place programs and 
legislation which will encourage companies to be socially and environmentally responsible, amongst 
others.  Additionally, Armenia is undertaking reforms towards changing its economic structure in 
order to strengthen Armenia 's position as a leading technological country.  
4.74.   I would like to conclude my remarks by expressing Canada 's supp ort for these ongoing 
reforms. As Prime Mini ster Trudeau stated during his recent visit to Armenia, Canada hopes to work 
more closely with Armenia in advancing priorities and initiatives in support of gender equality, the 
empowerment of women and girls, and the strengthening of civil society and the  democratic process 
– all of which we believe are critical components to creating a healthy and prosperous economy. 
Furthermore, Canada is committed to supporting Armenia 's anti -corruption efforts by sharing best 
practices in Corporate Social Responsibilit y and to helping the country develop an environment more 
conducive to the attraction and retention of foreign trade and investment.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.75.   To further advances these priorities and objectives, we would encourage Armenia to consider 
participating in the discussion s supporting the different Joint Statement Initiatives and the Joint 
Declaration on Trade and Women 's Economic Empowerment.  
4.76.   We have submitted written questions with respect to its mining code and mining sector 
development strategy, government procurement,  agricultural import tariffs and the Eurasian 
Economic Union (EAEU), with a view to deepen our understanding of Armenia 's trade and investment 
regime.  
4.77.   In conclusion, Canada wi shes Armenia a very successful Trade Policy R eview, and we look 
forward to a cons tructive exchange of views this week.  
THAILAND  
4.78.   In 2017, total trade value between Thailand and Armenia was USD20 million. Although the 
bilateral trade is still relatively small, there is trade potential that can be explored. For exports from 
Thailand, such  potential may exist in jewellery , rice, fish, machinery, and paper, while diamonds and 
jewellery  can be considered potential exports from Armenia.  
4.79.   Thailand would like to congratulate Armenia on its solid average annual economic growth of 
4% from 2010 to 2017, which was driven mainly by sound macroeconomic management and sectoral 
reforms.  
4.80.   Trade plays a significant role in Armenia 's economy, amounting  to 87% of its GDP. However, 
due to a narrow export base in both goods and services, we would encourage Armenia to consider 
measures to increase and diversify exports of goods and services in order to reduce export instability 
arisen from inelastic and uns table global demand.  
4.81.   Thailand welcomes Armenia 's accession to the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015, which is 
expected to boost the demand for the Armenian agricultural output and improve technical 
regulations of Armenia.  
4.82.   Thailand commends the reforms that A rmenia has undertaken to make the economy more 
competitive, which include the adoption of the Law on Free Economic Zones and the regulations to 
attract foreign investment and the modernization of the competition policy.  
4.83.   Thailand values Armenia 's contributi ons and commitments to the rules -based multilateral 
trading system. Up to May 2018, Armenia had submitted 92 notifications to the WTO on TBT 
measures. No specific trade concerns have been raised by other WTO Members about TBT measures 
taken by Armenia. In 2017, Armenia ratified and acceded to the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement 
and fulfilled its notification commitments under the Agreement. Moreover, Armenia has already 
implemented many of the B category commitments earlier than indicated in the notificati on.  
4.84.   In this review, Thailand submitted a few questions regarding the intellectual property rights. 
We would like to thank Armenia for timely responses to our questions and will study them in detail 
with great interest.  
4.85.   In conclusion, we wish Armenia every  success in this Trade Policy Review.  
INDIA  
4.86.   The economy of Armenia has grown at an average rate of 4% since the last trade policy review 
in 2010. The growth rate has fluctuated ranging from 0.2% in 2013 to over 7% in 2017 mainly due 
to commodity prices and  external factors. Goods and services trade is equivalent to 87% of the GDP. 
The share of services sector in the GDP is also growing followed by other areas including agriculture, 
fisheries, forestry, manufacturing, construction and mining. Foreign direct investment flows in areas 
like mining, communications, financial services, software and IT have also increased in recent years. 
Armenia 's economy also faces challenges which include vulnerability to external shocks, limited 
natural resources, dependence on  foreign remittances, a concentrated basket of exports, mainly to 
Russia and EU, and addressing infrastructural and development needs. We commend the 
Government of Armenia for the various measures it is taking to address the challenges under the WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  Armenian D evelopment Strategy 2014 -25 which include improving business regulatory environment, 
modernising infrastructure and promoting foreign investments.  
4.87.   Armenia acceded to the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015 and is harmonizing its trade policies 
and external ta riffs in line with the union. We find from the reports that accession to the union has 
led to an increase in tariff on many tariff lines for Armenia with the average applied tariff increasing 
from 2.7% to 7.5% and the percentage of non -ad valorem tariff in creasing from 0.5% to 13% 
compared to 2009. Armenia is currently engaged in negotiations with the WTO members to negotiate 
under Article XXIV and XXVIII of GATT with over 6500 tariff lines. We hope Armenia will conclude 
these negotiations at an early date.   
4.88.   India and Armenia share historic warm and friendly relations going back to several centuries 
of exchanges between both countries. In recent years, there have been regular political exchanges 
between India and Armenia. There is a broad institutional frame work in place for strengthening 
relations between both countries including in the areas of trade and economic relations. Trade 
between Armen ia and India which stood at USD 33.91 million in 2017 -18 has fluctuated and 
decreased in the last few years. There is , however, considerable potential to strengthen trade 
between both countries in areas including agricultural products, textiles, precious stones, 
pharmaceuticals, metals and minerals, machinery and other areas. We had posed some questions 
to Armenia for th e TPR and the responses, when received, would be examined by our authorities. 
We look forward to engaging with the authorities in Armenia to find ways for further promoting our 
trade and investments and to address the causes for the recent decline.  
4.89.   India also has an active development partnership cooperation with Armenia and has provided 
assistance in the areas of information technology education, setting up a tele -medicine project, IT 
labs and has provided other humanitarian assistance. For capacity  building and human resources 
development, India is regularly offering scholarships to Armenian professionals under India 's 
Economic and Technical Cooperation programme.   
4.90.   To conclude, we look forward to further strengthening our trade and investment relat ions with 
Armenia and wish the delegation of Armenia a productive and successful TPR.  
SINGAPORE  
4.91.   We note the growing role of trade in relation to Armenia 's economy, as well as the positive 
economic developments that have taken place since Armenia 's last TPR  in 2010. In particular, from 
2010 to 2017, exports of goods from Armenia more t han doubled in value to over USD 2 billion, while 
annual GDP has grown at an average rate of 4% since 2010. We also welcome the initiatives that 
Armenia has launched to improve the business and investment environment, including its 
introduction of an open sky policy.   
4.92.   Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015. In this regard, Singapore looks 
forward to growing trade and investment links with Armenia, as we work t owards concluding 
negotiations on a comprehensive EAEU -Singapore FTA.   
4.93.   We welcome Armenia 's ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement, as well as Armenia 
becoming a party of the Government Procurement Agreement and in acceding to the Revised 
Govern ment Procurement Agreement. We encourage Armenia to become a party to the Information 
Technology Agreement, and to ratify the Protocol amending the Agreement on Trade -Related 
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) soon, as well as to str engthen its 
framework for protecting intellectual property rights.   
4.94.   We note from the Secretariat 's report that there are some gaps in Armenia 's record of WTO 
notifications, including in the areas of market access, import licensing, subsidies and countervailing 
measu res, and agriculture (domestic support). We urge Armenia to fulfil its notification obligations. 
Members ' timely and complete notifications are crucial to the WTO 's monitoring function, and 
contribute to the predictability and transpare ncy of the international trading system.   
4.95.   Thank you, and we wish Armenia every success in its second Trade Policy Review.  
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  KYRGYZ  REPUBLIC  
4.96.   From the beginning of its membership to the WTO Armenia has demonstrated its highest 
dedication to the WTO rules an d as it has been said in TPR of 2010, Armenia has convincingly shown 
its commitment to trade liberalization reforms under the multilateral trading system centered on the 
WTO.  
4.97.   The diplomatic relations between the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Armenia  were 
established in 1993, and since then our countries are closely collaborating bilaterally as well as 
multilaterally through the different global and regional platforms such as Eurasian Economic Union, 
Organization for Security and Co -operation in Europ e, Commonwealth of Independent States and 
Collective Security Treatment Organization.  
4.98.   On the 12th of August 2015 the Kyrgyz Republic became a full member of the EAEU joining 
Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation in further regional econom ic integration. 
Accession to Customs Union has opened a wide spectrum of opportunities to the Kyrgyz Republic for 
promotion of the Kyrgyz goods and services to markets of the Republic of Armenia and other 
member -states of the EAEU.  
4.99.   Membership of the Kyrgyz  Republic and the Republic of Armenia in Eurasian Economic Union 
strengthens our trade and economic ties and explores new horizons for cooperation. The 4 pillars of 
the EAEU such as free movement of goods, services capital and natural persons create favour able 
ground for further integration of our economies.  
4.100.   The republic of Armenia accounts for a small share in trade turnover of the Kyrgyz Republic 
- 0,01% total ly. During the period of 2015 -17, trade turnover of the Kyrgyz R epublic has been 
increased at 3. 9 times, including import – at 5.5 times, but export has been decreased by 14. 7%. 
4.101.   In January -August 2018 , Kyrgyzstan 's trade turnover with Armenia comprised USD0,393 
million and, in comparison to similar period was decreased by 12%, where the volume of impo rt was 
USD0,262 million and reduced by 39%, and the volume of export increased almost at 8 times and 
comprised USD0,131 million .  
4.102.   Medicines account for basic share and different food products, electric appliances have small 
shares in import of the Kyrgyz Republic. Kyrgyzstan 's exports to Armenia consist of beans and 
confectionary products.  
4.103.   The Kyrgyz Republic has a capacity in export expansion of natural production such as honey, 
walnut, raisins, mushrooms, meet and others. Also, the services sector such as tourism and 
education give hope for further expansion of economic links.  
4.104.   The Kyrgyz Republic wishes a very success ful Trade policy review to the d elegation of 
Armenia.  
BRAZIL  
4.105.   Brazil is pleased to take part in the second Trade Policy Review of Armenia. I n the period 
under review, the Armenian economy has grown by an average of 4% each year. The appropriate 
macroeconomic management and sectoral reforms adopted by the Armenian government 
contributed to this economic expansion.  
4.106.   On a less positive note, the a ccession of the country to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 
in 2015 has resulted in increases in tariffs on many tariff lines. Compared to 2009, the applied 
average tariff has increased from 2.7% to 7.5%.  
4.107.   Let me now turn to our bilateral relations, which  can be traced back to the arrival of the first 
Armenians to the southeast of Brazil in the second half of the nineteenth century. Today, the 
Armenian community in Brazil is estimated in around 100.000 people.  
4.108.   In 2017, bilateral trade flows totalled USD24.7 million. The average of bilateral trade flows 
in the last ten years is around USD30 million. Brazilian exports to Armenia are basically made up of WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  agricultural products, such as sugar and tobacco. Armenian exports to Brazil are mainly composed 
by textile s. We then believe that there are opportunities for diversification and that our bilateral 
trade relations have a clear potential for growth.  
4.109.   Brazil will continue to follow with interest domestic developments in Armenia regarding its 
trade policy. Let me c onclude  by wishing the delegation of Armenia a successful Trade Policy Review.  
KAZAKHSTAN  
4.110.   Kazakhstan welcomes Armenia 's policies, that allowed to recover economic growth from the 
global financial crisis of 2009 and achieve 4% growth on average during the last 8 years. It is 
important to note that over the years the share of industry and services continued to grow, with the 
latter becoming the largest contributor to GDP in 2017. We are confident that the Armenian 
Government is well set to maintain sustainab le economic growth in the future.  
4.111.   Armenia is long time trade and economic partner of Kazakhstan. In 2006 , Kazakhstan and 
Armenia signed an Agreement on Mutual Protection and Encouragement of Investment, which 
entered into force in 2010. Over the past years  Kazakhstan has invested more than USD56 million 
in Armenian economy. There are 202 legal entities and representatives with Armenian participa tion 
operating in Kazakhstan.  
4.112.   Our countries are actively cooperating in the area of transport and transit. Startin g from 
2007 our Governments have enacted the Agreement on international road traffic providing for an 
authorization free system of organizing international road transport.  
4.113.   Within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union Kazakhstan and Armenia are 
cooperating in the area of technical regulation. In 2001 , a bilateral Agreement was concluded on 
cooperation in the field of standardization, metrology, certification and accreditation.  
4.114.   For an adequate utilization of the benefits provided by the EAEU, Kazakhst an sees potential 
in bilateral trade growth in such goods like chemicals, machines, equipment, tools, metal products, 
products of animal and vegetable origin, prepared food products.  
4.115.   Armenia is an important partner for Kazakhstan and I believe that there is a bright future 
for further enhancing trade and economic cooperation trough the instruments of the EAEU.  
4.116.   I would like to wish to the d elegation of Armenia a successful Trade Policy Review.  
PARAGUAY  
4.117.   We are pleased to note the positive performance of the  Armenian economy, which has grown 
at an average rate of 4% in recent years thanks to sound macroeconomic management and sectoral 
reforms. We would like to draw attention to Armenia's Development Strategy for 2014 -2025, which 
sets out national trade, econo mic and investment policies aimed at removing trade barriers, 
modernizing infrastructure and promoting foreign investment, and to the adoption of the new 
Customs Code at the start of this year. These are factors which will help Armenia to advance along 
the path of growth and development.  
4.118.   The Republic of Paraguay shares with Armenia the status of being a landlocked developing 
country (LLDC) – a geographical situation that generates specific challenges. High transport costs 
and inadequate infrastructure are barriers to the effective integrat ion of LLDCs in world markets. In 
this connection, we would like to raise certain points addressed in the reports under consideration 
today – namely, connectivity and infrastructure, trade facilitation and economic transformation – 
which in turn reflect so me of the priorities established in the Vienna Programme of Action for 
Landlocked Developing Countries . 
Connectivity and infrastructure  
4.119.   Because Armenia is an LLDC, most goods exported to foreign markets must be transported 
overland. As the report by the Se cretariat rightly states, Armenia's economy is to a great extent 
dependent on international transport and cross -border access.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.120.   Being familiar with this problem, we are particularly interested in Armenia's Transport Sector 
Development Strategy , which is des igned to maximize transport sector performance by 2020 and 
envisages long -term prosperity through the establishment of efficient, cost -effective, and 
environmentally and socially sustainable transport infrastructures and services. We wish Armenia 
every suc cess with the Strategy's implementation.  
Trade facilitation  
4.121.   We also learn from the reports that Armenia has made tra ding easier by introducing 
self-declaration desks at customs houses and warehouses , investing in new equipment in order to 
improve border op erations, and introducing a risk management system. We urge the Government  
to establish a national trade facilitation committee as soon as possible. We believe the assistance 
that the Secretariat can provide in this task will be key to its prompt and succe ssful establishment.  
4.122.   We would like to take this opportunity to encourage donors to provide technical and financial 
assistance to Armenia, as the country itself has requested, to enable it to implement its category C 
commitments under the WTO Trade Facilita tion Agreement in a timely manner.  
Structural transformation  
4.123.   Structural transformation of the economy is one of the most difficult goals for LLDCs to 
achieve. It is also one of the most important, as structural transformation helps countries to reduce 
their dependence on certain exports and their vulnerability to external shocks.  
4.124.   We note with satisfaction the changes in the sectoral structure of the Armenian economy 
observed in recent years, which have entailed a gradual expansion of the industrial sector.  
4.125.   On behalf of my country, I extend renewed congratulations to those conducting this review 
and to the delegates from the Permanent Mission of Armenia in Geneva for their contribution to this 
Organization's work.  
URUGUAY  
4.126.   Both the Secretariat report and the r eport by the Government of Armenia brought the 
importance of the Armenian Development Strategy for 2014 -2025 to our attention. The aims of the 
Strategy are to improve the regulatory environment for businesses, to ensure favourable external 
regimes, to elim inate trade barriers, to modernize infrastructure and to promote foreign investment.  
4.127.   The Strategy for 2014 -2025 reflects the objectives of the country's trade, economic and 
investment policies and we noted with great satisfaction that the Government of Arm enia accords 
special importance to small and medium -sized enterprises.  
4.128.   We would like to emphasize that priority aspects of the Government's programme of work 
and the guiding principles of the national strategy for economic development are aimed at resolvin g 
the main challenges facing the economy and its various economic operators.  
4.129.   We would particularly highlight the country's efforts to promote competitiveness and good 
corporate governance, and to create the conditions necessary for the development of a pri vate sector 
operating under efficient, responsible and transparent management.  
4.130.   In the policies and initiatives that it has adopted, the Government of Armenia has focused 
on key issues such as creating equal conditions for all businesses, eliminating the shadow economy 
and guaranteeing the rule of law.  
4.131.   Uruguay also wishes to draw attention to initiatives intended to transform and upgrade 
traditional industries, foster infant industries, stimulate innovation, promote development in remote 
areas and enhance the competitiveness of small and medium -sized enterprises . 
4.132.   In conclusion, Uruguay, in its capacity as general coordinator of the MSME initiative, takes 
the opportunity to highlight the Armenian Government's efforts to support the MSME sector.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.133.   Uruguay wishes Armenia every success in its trade policy review.  
TAJIKISTAN  
4.134.   The Tajik -Armenian partnership is now on its new level of development. The main feature is 
the further expansion of trade relations, implementation of joint socio -economic projects and 
deepening cooperation in different areas of economy.  
4.135.   The summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of Independent States' 
took place recently in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Among other high -level participants, the Prime Minister 
of Armenia has par ticipated in and on the margin of this summit the parties have exchanged views 
on issues of CIS cooperation.  
4.136.   As the trade relations' indicators are not significant, the relevant measures are being taken 
in order to strengthen and raise the trade turnover between two countries.  
4.137.   I would like to point out number of important areas of cooperation between Tajikistan and 
Armenia, including energy, agriculture, information and telecommunication, transport and 
communication infrastructure, and tourism sectors.  
4.138.   This second Trade Policy Review of Armenia is an excellent opportunity to deepen our 
understanding of its trade regime.  
4.139.   Here, I would like to address some developments of Armenian economy. Since 2000's till 
the Global Financial Crisis, the Armenian economy w as rapidly expanding with average  GDP growth 
of 11.3%. In 2017, the real growth of GDP reached 7.5%. The economic growth was mostly driven 
by the services (12.4%) and industry (6.6%).  
4.140.   Armenia has eight bilateral free trade agreements in force: including w ith Republic of 
Tajikistan.  
4.141.   Armenia as a Member of the WTO has taken commitment to improve trade facilitation 
processes. Armenia ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) in 2017 and notified provisions 
for implementation under Categories A, B, and C.  
4.142.   My delegation acknowledges Armenia's continued efforts to improve the business 
environment and facilitate foreign trade. We are confident that by its active participation Armenia 
will continue to support the development and expansion of multilateral tr ading system.  
4.143.   In conclusion I wish Armenia a very productive and successful Trade Policy Review.  
GEORGIA  
4.144.   At the outset, Georgia wishes to underline the fruitful and amicable relations existing 
between our two states, and wishes to highlight the mutually  beneficial cooperation, which yields  
productive developments.  
4.145.   Since the last R eport in 2010, despite the severe economic downturns resulting in world 
economic crisis, Armenia showcased significant recovery with GDP increasing to about 
USD11.5  million in 2017. These positive developments were preconditioned by Armenia 's sound 
macroeconomic management and sectoral reforms.  
4.146.   Georgia applauds Armenia 's endeavour  in introducing innovative approaches and projects in 
almost every sector of economy including tran sport, customs facilitation, tourism development and 
other important areas.  
4.147.   Agriculture continues to play a vital role in Armenia 's economic growth as a sourc e for the 
expansion of exports.  Number of agricultural support program mes have been initiated and  important  
strategic documents elaborated.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.148.   Georgia wishes to particularly underline a Comprehensive and Enhanced Economic 
Partnership Agreement which Armenia signed with the European Union in 2017. We encourage 
Armenia 's desire in establishing stronger ec onomic ties with the European  Union and assure our 
support in sharing Georgia 's experience in this direction.  
4.149.   Today, Georgia and Armenia enjoy the free trade regime under bilateral and multilateral 
formats. Over the years, we could see increasing  trends i n trade and economic activities. Armenia 
traditionally takes the front positions in Georgia 's trade partner countries. Trade turnover between 
two states increased by 24% according to the latest data, estimating USD450 million. Export from 
Georgia to Armeni a has grown significantly by 35% and amounted to USD200 million, where the 
main export commodities are automobiles, heavy machinery, nuts, oil products, fertilizers and 
others.   
4.150.   Import from Armenia has increased by 17% as well, reaching USD250 million. It  is mainly 
based on the commodities like copper ores and concentrates, glass, medicaments and other 
products.  
4.151.   We are delighted to see the continued developing trends in the context of economic and 
political relations and will take all the possible efforts to retain this positive path.  
4.152.   We wish the Republic of Armenia a very successful review.  
RUSSIAN  FEDERATION  
4.153.   Historically , Russia and Armenia  have close ties. Our peoples have lived alongside by 
centuries. Cultural, humanitarian, religious, economic  interaction is expanding . 
4.154.   Armenia is a member  of the Eurasian Economic Community. As such, a free movement of 
goods is applied between Yerevan and EAEU 's Member States, as well as a common  regime for trade 
in goods with third parties is applied by Armenia  together with the EAEU 's Member  States. Armenia 
is also a party to the Free Trade Area Agreement of the CIS States and has a status of a dialogue  
partner in the Shanghai Cooperation  Organization.  
4.155.   We commend Armenia for ratifying WTO Trade Facilitation Agr eement.  
4.156.   The Russian Federation and the Republic of Armenia have a long history of friendly relations, 
which have always been featured by broad and progressing bilateral cooperation across vast 
economic, trade and investment areas. Our two countries also ma intain close cooperation within the 
Eurasian Economic Union with regards to WTO -related issues.  
4.157.   Russia is pleased to see Armenia 's solid economic results, as the economy has grown by 
25% since the last TPR in 2010, and the GDP growth in 2017 exceeded 7% . 
4.158.   Armenia is an important trading partner for Russia. In 2017 the bilateral turnover increased 
by 30% in comparison  to 2016 and reached 1.74 billion dollars. The share of Russia in the total trade 
turnover of Armenia is 28%, which makes it Armenia 's leading t rade partner. Russia 's export is 
USD1.17 billion, and our imports from Armenia amounted to USD541 million . The main products of 
Russia 's exports to Armenia are natural gas (26%), mineral oils (13%), machi nery, cereals, 
aluminum (6 to 8 %). Russia imports fr om Armenia mostly beverages (37%), a pparel (13%) and 
furniture (7% ). 
4.159.   Russia also holds the position of the main foreign investor in the economy of Armenia, with 
accumulated investment  of USD1.8 billion . 
4.160.   Our bilateral economic and political cooperation stan ds on a solid legal base. More than 
270 interstate, inter -governmental and interagency treaties and agreements have been signed 
between Moscow and Yerevan. Over 70 regions of the Russian Federation are involved into bilateral 
cooperation with Armenia.  WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  4.161.   Let me give some specific examples of successful bilateral cooperation. Since 2017 , Russian 
payment system "Mir" has been maintained on the territory of Armenia and Armenian payment 
system "ArCa" — in the Russian Federation. It is the first project of this kin d in the EAEU territory.  
4.162.   Russia is  a key partner of the Armenian G overnment in the development and modernization 
of energy infrastructure. In 2013 the fifth block of a large Razdan Power Station was put into 
commercial operation.  
4.163.   Russia also modernizes the  railway infrastructure of Armenia. The volume of investment in 
this area has reached USD100 million . 
4.164.   The level of humanitarian ties can be figured by considering the number  of Armenian citizens 
living in Russia — over 650 thousand , with total population of Armenia of 2.9 million . However, in 
reality , the Armenian diaspora in Russia is by far larger than these estimates, as a lot of Armenian 
nationals have Russian citizenship.  
4.165.   Humanitarian ties are the cornerstone of our economic re lations. We believe that remittances 
from Russia, which amount to nearly USD1 billion  per year, play a meaningful role for the Armenian 
economy.  
4.166.   We wish part ners from Armenia a successful T rade Policy R eview.  
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRE SENTATIVE OF ARMENIA  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  
5.1.  I would like to extend my appreciation to you, Ambassador Ihara, and you, Mr. Gaffey, for your 
thoughtful insights and remarks. I want to also thank all the  Members and Observers that 
participated in the first day of the TPR of Armenia,  and particularly to the 19 Members  that provided 
statements during the first day for their warm welcomes and wishes, as well as the constructive 
comments and observations.  
5.2.  The majority of the statements were on a positive note, commending Armenia for its economic 
advancement  and improvement of the trade policy since the first TPR of Armenia, for the sound 
macroeconomic management and sectoral reforms, efforts to improve the business environment, 
including the simplification of the  Tax Code and improving the tax administration,  not providing 
subsidies contingent on export performance, working towards expanding bilateral economic relations 
and economic integration, active engagement in the WTO, commitment to core values of rules -based 
multilateral trading s ystem, acceding to the Government Procurement Agreement , etc., all of which 
have contributed for Armenia to become an attractive destination for trade and investment. Many 
delegates indicated that they see significant potential for the increase in trade an d the expansion  of 
economic relations between Armenia and their respective countries.  
5.3.  Nevertheless, a few points of concern were raised by the Members in their statements which I 
would like to address.  
5.4.  The suggestion for Armenia 's more active engagement in  WTO processes was made by several 
WTO Members during the first day, specifically by joining the Information Technology Agreement, 
Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement, as well as  different Joint Statement initiatives and the 
Joint Declaration on Trade an d Women 's Economic Empowerment. I would like to reassure Members 
that Armenia closely follows the developments in WTO, and the question of joining various initiatives 
and agreements are in the process of ongoing internal discussions.  
5.5.  Several Members voiced  concerns over Armenia 's narrow export base and the need to increase 
and diversify exports  of goods and services to reduce risks from external shocks. The issue of 
diversification of exports is one of the priorities of the Government of Armenia, and we are  taking 
active steps to address the issue. Moreover, Armenia is actively engaged with international partners 
towards strengthening bilateral and plurilateral trade relations and economic integration.  
5.6.  Members also raised their concerns over the increase of the average tariffs and a more complex 
tariff structure of Armenia resulting from its accession to the EAEU. I would like to mention here that 
Armenia entered into GATT Article 24 and 28 negotiations with WTO Members that have been 
affected by the increase  of tariffs  to provide equivalent compensations. Furthermore, the accession 
to the EAEU resulted also in the decrease of applied tariffs for a number of goods, which will create 
new trade opportunities.  
5.7.  Concerns were expressed regarding the gaps in the WTO  notifications re cord of Armenia in a 
few areas.  Please be assured that Armenia is committed to the rules based multilateral trading 
system and sees the transparency of the system as one of its vital components. We will do our best 
to fill the gaps as soon  as possible.  
5.8.  The United States were interested in the status of Armenia 's notification of the definitive dates 
for implementation of its TFA Category B commitments, and Paraguay encouraged Armenia to 
establish the National Trade Facilitation Committee as  soon as possible. I would like to inform that 
the relevant notification has been submitted to the WTO Secretariat for circulation among WTO 
Members in early November, while regarding the Committee,  Armenia is holding internal discussions 
and consultations  to figure out the best possible approach in setting up the National Committee. As 
mentioned in Armenia 's TPR report, any assistance in this regard would be greatly appreciated and 
I thank Paraguay for also emphasizing this issue.  
5.9.  Armenia took note of Cana da's concerns regarding the slowing down of reforms, weak 
performance or no advancement in ease of doing business, corruption and underdeveloped 
transportation as evidenced by the researches of several international organizations. Armenia is 
dedicated to p romoting the business environment and to advancing transparency, accountability and 
the rule of law as can be seen from the TPR reports. We hope, in fact we are assured, that the WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  ongoing processed in the mentioned directions initiated by the Government of Armenia will result in 
significant improvement.  
5.10.   I would like to also separately address the concern s raised by Ukraine that Armenia 
perceivably  avoids bearing responsibility for fulfilment  of its commitments under the WTO trade 
remedies agreements. The TPR mechanism is valuable in that it provides opportunities to express 
the drawbacks Members  perceive in the trade policies of other Members, and we thank Ukraine for 
utilizing this opportuni ty. However, I would like to address Ukraine 's concerns by stating that 
Armenia, while being an EAEU member and applying common trade defence  measures withi n the 
EAEU, is a sovereign WTO M ember and holds full responsibility for all its actions in accordanc e with 
the relevant WTO Agreements.  
5.11.   Armenia took note of the highlights and summaries of the written questions that several 
Members presented during the first day. Given the extensive nature of most of the questions  and to 
allow for a more targeted and constructive exchange, I would like to encourage Members to analyse  
the provided answers and submit any additional or follow -up questions in accordance with the TPR 
procedures. Additionally, if Members consider that Arm enia has not satisfactorily addressed their 
concerns raised during the first day, I encourage them to submit written questions and we stand 
ready to provide the necessary information  as soon as possible . 
5.12.   To conclude, I would like to once again thank everyo ne present here for participating in the 
second  TPR of Armenia, which I am glad to say I consider to be a success.   
DISCUSSANT  
5.13.   Without doubt, the tenor of comments and questions in this room on the first day of the Trade 
Policy Review of Armenia reflected an extremely positive overall reaction to Armenia 's economic 
develop ment policies, and their impact  since the last review in 2010.  
5.14.   Most interventions acknowledged the effective economic management since the period of 
financial crisis, the strong GDP growth  over the review period, the strong trade and investment 
performance and the continuin g economic reforms, particularly  in the areas of tax, competition and 
banking regulation.  
5.15.   There was recognition of Armenia 's strategic engagement with neighbours and part ners, 
through its accession to the EAEU, and through the signing of the CEPA with the European Union, as 
well as through continuing engagement with free trade partnership arrangements and bilateral 
investment treaties.  
5.16.   There was acknowledgement of Armenia 's continuing commitment to the WTO, its efforts to 
meets its obligations and its increasing level of obligation notably in terms of the Government 
Procurement Agreement and the Trade Facilitation Agreement. Many delegations noted in particular 
the improved  customs procedures arising from EAEU accession.  
5.17.   So, the general thrust of the review, as evidenced by the interventions of a large number and 
wide range of M embers, was to encourage Armenia to stay on the path of trade and investment 
openness, to diversif y its export markets and sectors, and to develop economic partnerships within 
the spirit of the multilateral trading system.  
5.18.   I would note that many M embers thanked Armenia for the replies they had received to their 
written questions and promised to study t hem, and to revert, if necessary.  
5.19.   Within that context, M embers identified a number of areas on which Armenia might focus into 
the future, with a view to strengthening their trade potential and impact.  
5.20.   A number of M embers raised questions around the impact of EAEU membership on various 
trade policies and measures. These include: market access; domestic subsidies; notifications to the 
WTO; on Government Procurement policy; Trade Defence Instruments; definitions of international 
standards; consultations on SPS  measures; intellectual property enforcement; competition policy; 
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  5.21.   In the context of EAEU membership, M embers urged Armenia to complete its negot iations 
with fellow M embers to compensate for the changes in tariff rates and structures as a result of 
accession. In its statement to the meeting, Armenia committed to doing so . 
5.22.   I am sure that this broad area of EAEU membership. and its effect on Armenian trade policies 
and m easures, is an issue that Members will want to see a focus on into the future and to seek 
evidence that this regional agreement contributes both to greater market access for its own 
membe rship, but also for fellow WTO M embers.  
5.23.   Moving on to other areas of concern, while welcoming accession to the  Trade Facilitation 
Agreement, M embers urged Armenia to complete the i mplementation of the provisions  under the 
various categories, as quickly as possible.  
5.24.   Members encouraged Armenia to join the WTO Information Tech nology Agreement in light of 
the development and the potential of the country 's IT sector. In the same context, M embers similarly 
encouraged Armenia to engage fully in the WTO negotiations on e -commerce trade.  
5.25.   Some M embers suggested that Armenia would  benefit from joining the WTO Joint Declaration 
on Trade and Women 's Economic Empowerment .  
5.26.   While there was general recognition of Armenia 's improved rankings in various international 
business environment tables, there was reference to the need to be vigilant i n relation to the ease 
of doing business, on trade logistics and on transparency and corruption.  
5.27.   In the context of diversification  of the Armenian economy, many M embers suggested sectors 
and markets in which bilateral engagement with them might prove fruit ful, and I have no doubt that 
Armenian officials will have taken careful note of those suggestions.  
5.28.   Finally, a number of M embers looked forward to the next review of Armenian Trade Policy and 
to evidence of further reforms, continuing openness to trade and  investment and further integration 
into the WTO rules -based trade system.  
5.29.   Finally, I would like to thank Minister Avanesyan and his delegation and to wish them all the 
best i n their work leading the economic development of Armenia. Thank you.  
EUROPEAN  UNION 
5.30.   Let me first thank the delegation of Armenia for a comprehensive overview presented last 
Tuesday and this morning of the main developments which occurred during the review period.  
5.31.   The EU is pleased to note that this review has been very useful for bette r understanding the 
trade policy of Armenia and hopes that Armenia will take into account some of the few challenges 
highlighted by Members.  
5.32.   The EU also appreciates the replies provided to the EU questions. We have submitted one 
follow -up question related to Armenia 's request for clarification on one of our question on 
government procurement which we have provided hopefully and we look forward for the reply in 
due time.  
5.33.   In conclusion, the EU would like to thank Armenia for its very constructive participatio n in this 
exercise.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.34.   The United States would very much like to thank the entire delegation of Armenia for your 
presence here today, and to express appreciation for the serious and thoughtful work which has 
gone into preparation for this Trade Policy Review. We also greatly value the astute insights re ceived 
from Ambassador Gaffey and, as always, the expert cont ributions of the Secretariat.  
5.35.   We would also like to express thanks for the constructive discussion on both days of this T PR 
and the detailed responses provided to our many previously submitted questions; our authorities in WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  Washington are stu dying everything closely. The United States also submitted several follow -up 
questions overnight; without going into detail at this mome nt, those follow -up questions center on 
notification procedures and implementation of the WTO TBT Committee Decision on  International 
Standards.  
5.36.   We appreciate the summary of issues given here today, and have taken good note of topics 
raised of both widespr ead and particular importance, including those related to macroeconomic 
concerns, vulnerability to external shocks, the need for diversification of exports, landlocked co untry 
issues, and remittances. The United States is seeking to understand the full imp lications of Armenia 's 
accession to the Eurasian Economic Uni on, including tariff concerns. In addition, our authorities will 
be carefully following progress in trade facilitation efforts, improvement of the business environment, 
intellectual property prot ection, a nd infrastructure development.  
5.37.   The United States deeply values our bilat eral relationship with Armenia.  We share deep 
historical and cultural ties; in fact, hundreds of thousands of Americans pr oudly claim Armenian 
heritage. The United States was very glad to establish the Trade and Investment Framework 
Agreement with Armenia in recent years, and we look forward to close and continuing joint efforts 
to build s trong bilateral economic ties. We also look forward to ongoing cooperation in many other 
areas of endeavour  such as energy development, reduction of corruption, and fr uitful educational 
exchanges.  
5.38.   In closing, we would like to congratulate Armenia 's team on a successful second TPR and look 
forward to the delegation 's continued active enga gement in the work of the WTO. Please accept our 
best wishes.  
AFGHANISTAN  
5.39.   Afghanistan congratulates Armenia 's 2nd trade policy review meeting and extends its warmest 
welcome to the Armenian delegation headed by H.E. Mr. Avag Avanesyan.  
5.40.   Since it is our first participation  in Armenia 's TPR, we would like to thank you Mr. Chair, 
Mr. discussant and the Secretariat for convening this meeting. We also want to extend our 
congratulation to Ambassador Mr. Tigran Davtyan for his leadership and constant good work at the  
WTO.  
5.41.   My delegation commends the Government of Armenia presenting its comprehensive trade 
policy report , and supports the positive development and progress Armenia has made to improve 
and upgrade its institutional and legal frameworks through conducting in tensive reforms and 
adopting its public and business capacities.  
5.42.   Armenia is an important partner of Afghanistan, we highly value the bilateral trade and 
cooperation between Armenia and Afghanistan,  and appreciate all the support that we have received 
from the Armenian Government during the reconstruction of Afghanistan since 2002  and, in 
particular, during Afghanistan 's accession to the WTO.  
5.43.   I would like to end my statement by wishing the esteemed  delegation of Armenia a successful 
and productive Trade Poli cy Review.  
MR. AVAG  AVANESYAN  (HEAD  OF DELEGATION)  
5.44.   I believe that this exercise was extremely important for us and, once again, I would like to 
extend our thanks to all the Members who were present and expressed interest in Armenia as a 
country and our tra de and economic policies in particular.  
5.45.   I would  once again  like to thank the WTO Secretariat, you Mr. Ambassador and Mr. Gaff ey for 
valuable comments and insights. We believe that some of those will shape our trade policy in the 
future. Once again , Members , thank you so much for being present here.  
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  This second Trade Policy Review of Armenia has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our 
understanding of recent developments in, and challenges to, its trade and investment policies. I 
would like to thank the delegation from Armenia, led by Mr. Avag Ava nesyan, Deputy Minister of 
Economic Development and Investment, for their constructive engagement throughout this exercise. 
I would also like to thank our discussant, Ambassador Michael Gaffey, Permanent Representative of 
Ireland to the WTO, for his stimul ating, analytical observations, as well as the 20  delegations which 
took the floor, for their active participation in this Review.  
6.2.  Members noted Armenia 's improvement in its economic and trade performance since its first 
review in 2010, in particular its r ecovery from the 2008 global financial crisis with an average annual 
4% GDP growth rate, albeit with some fluctuations. Members recognized that Armenia 's economy 
was characterized by low inflation, declining poverty and significant progress in enhancing it s 
macroeconomic stability in which trade in goods and services, which is the equivalent of 87% of 
GDP, played a growing role.  
6.3.  While commending Armenia for these achievements, Members also noted the challenges 
remaining in some areas, including the country 's vulnerability to external shocks and the need to 
step up efforts to diversify the narrow production and export base which continue s to be 
concentrated in the mining and tourism sectors and reliant on a limited number of trading partners.  
6.4.  Members theref ore welcomed Armenia 's efforts to pursue broader economic partnerships by 
acceding to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015, to the EU -Armenia Comprehensive and 
Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in 2018 and to several free trade agreements. Member s 
were encouraged by many of the advances towards further economic integration into the world 
economy and the objectives of Armenia 's Development Strategy 2014 -2025.  
6.5.  However, Members were also interested in better understanding the impact of membership of  
the EAEU on Armenia 's trade policy and its WTO obligations. A number of issues were raised in this 
regard:  
• First, accession to the Union had led to tariff increases on many tariff lines with the average 
applied tariff increasing from 2.7% in 2009 to 7.5% in 2018. Noting that Armenia was 
currently engaged in negotiations with interested parties under GATT Articles XXIV and 
XXVIII, Members hoped that Armenia would be able to conclude these negotiations at an 
early date;  
• Second, in the area of TBT and SPS mea sures, Armenia was asked to clarify inter alia the 
status in Armenia of EAEU technical regulations not yet notified to the WTO;   
• Third, Members also raised concerns about certain legislative changes in government 
procurement as a result of Armenia 's EAEU accession, such as harmoniz ed EAEU 
blacklisting provisions and their compatibility with the GPA;  
• Finally, Members requested clarification of recent amendments to harmonize Armenia 's 
Competit ion Law with that of the EAEU.  
6.6.  Encouraging Armenia to continue its  constructive engagement with the WTO, Members 
commended Armenia for acceding to the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) in 2011 and 
the revised agreement in 2015, and more recently on Armenia 's ratification of the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement in 2017. Members noted that further to notifying its A, B and C category commitments, 
Armenia had already implemented many of the B category commitments earlier than indicated in 
the notification. Members also encouraged Armenia to become a party to the Information  Technology 
Agreement and to ratify the protocol amending the TRIPs Agreement in the near future.  
6.7.  Members recognized Armenia 's positive record of fulfilling its WTO transparency commitments. 
However, they also encouraged Armenia to make further efforts to fill some remaining gaps in its 
WTO notifications, including in the areas of: import licensing and quantitative restrictions; subsidies 
and countervailing measures; and domestic support for agriculture. Members underlined that by WT/TPR/M/379 • Armenia  
 
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  fulfilling its notificatio n obligations, Armenia was helping to support the WTO 's monitoring function 
and the capacity of other Members to properly appreciate the policy measures taken by Armenia.  
6.8.  Members praised Armenia 's general openness to FDI and its recognition of the importa nt 
contribution it can have on economic development. At the same time, Members encouraged further 
domestic regulatory reforms to continue improving Armenia 's business environment with a view to 
facilitating commercial activity and stimulating sustainable g rowth. However, Members also 
highlighted that they wanted to see more effective enforcement and  progress in Armenia 's 
capacity -building in the protection of intellectual property rights. Noting that cigarettes and other 
tobacco products manufacturing was b ecoming increasingly important as a source of revenue, 
Members encouraged Armenia to continue its efforts to control the illicit trade in tobacco products.  
6.9.  In conclusion, Armenia has provided answers to all of  the written questions submitted before 
the deadline and nearly all of those submitted after it. This TPR will be successfully concluded in a 
month 's time when Armenia has replied to all outstanding questions and any follow -up questions 
that emerged during  this meeting. I  sincerely hope that the discussion held during this Review will 
prove useful to Armenia in the continued implementation of economic and trade reforms and in its 
pursuit of policies to achieve sustainable growth.  
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  7  ADOPTION  OF THE TPRB 'S AN NUAL REPORT FOR 2018  
CHAIRPERSON  
7.1.  I would like to ask delegations to consider the TPRB 's Annual Report for 2018, which was 
distributed on 31 October 2018 in document WT/TPR/W/155.   
7.2.  The Secretariat has not received any comments from delegations. I therefore trust that this 
version could be considered the final one.  
7.3.  The floor is open if any delegation would like to speak. Otherwise, I propose the adoption of 
the Annual Report as contained in document WT/TPR/W/155.  
UNITED  STATES  
7.4.  The United States appreciates th e opportunity to comment on the draft annual report.  
7.5.  The United States continues to place high importance on the work of the TPRB including Trade 
Policy Reviews. The TPR process is a fundamental core tenet of the WTO, transparency.  
7.6.  We know this very well. No Member has undergone more TPRs than the United States. In fact, 
we are looking forward to our own 14th TPR next month.  
7.7.  I would like to make a few brief comments on the report. In particular, I  want to note the 
consistently high -quality work of the Secretariat in drafting the Secretariat report for each TPR 
meeting. These are valuable reports, and the information they contain is useful long after the TPR 
meeting has ended.  
7.8.  As with any process, t here are elements here and there that might benefit from additional 
attention. I 'll briefly mention two today.  
7.9.  First, we have observed instances where Members may not have been tr eated similarly in 
Secretariat r eports regarding concerns raised in other WTO  committees. As an example, a Report 
may have noted concerns raised about one Member 's trade policies or measures in a certain 
committee; however, the concerns raised by that Member in the same committee regarding other 
Members ' policies or measures were n ot mentioned in the Secretariat r eports for the TPRs of those 
Members. We would encourage a consistent approach  in this regard . 
7.10.   Second, we have observed that new lan guage added to the Secretariat r eport after the 
Secretariat 's visit to capital is not alway s flagged for the Member under review. In our view, the 
Secretariat 's consultation with the Member would be further strengthened from such a practice.  
7.11.   Our suggestions today are made in the spirit of always seeking to build on the Secretariat 's 
strong record of high -quality work.  
7.12.   Finally, we would like to propo se two small edits to Footnote 1. Footnote 1  correctly notes the 
Members who will have a TPR  in 2019, as listed in Annex III . For consistency, Footnote I should also 
note the two Members who will have a TPR in 2020, as listed in Annex IV. For each of these Members, 
a parenthetical could be added that states "to be reviewed in 2020. " The two Members are Tajikistan 
and Cuba.  
CANADA  
7.13.   Thank you for the Report. W e have read it and have no further co mment s. Just to say that 
we had  noticed the same thing as my colleague from the United States,  on the Footnote , just for  
consistency that it would be good to add the dates for 2020 as well, because they are in Annex IV 
of the document.  It would be a little bit more consistent to have all the dates.  
CHAIRPERSON  
7.14.   The TPRB takes note of the intervention s and adopts its Annual Report  to be amended . 
__________