FINAL DRAFT UGANDA 
STANDARD  
  FDUS EAS 461-1 
First  Edition  
2013-mm-dd 
 
 Reference number  
FDUS EAS 461-1: 2013 
© UNBS 201 3 
  
Hair dyes – Part 1: Aryl diamine based formulated powders — 
Specification  
 FDUS EAS 461-1: 2013 
ii                © UNBS  2013 - All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible f or its correct application  
© UNBS 20 13 
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior wri tten 
permission from UNBS.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: 256 41 505 995  
Fax: 256 41 286 123  
E-mail: unbs@infocom.co.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 FDUS EAS 461-1: 2013 
© UNBS  2013 - All rights reserved                 iii National foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Tourism, Trade and 
Industry established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda. UNBS is mandate d to co -ordinate the elaboration 
of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT/SPS Agreemen ts of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consum ers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before rec ommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
This Final Draft Uganda Standard, FDUS EAS 461-1: 2013, Hair dyes – Part 1: Aryl diamine based formulated 
powders — Specification , is identical with  and has been r eproduced from an East African  Standard, EAS 461-
1: 2013, Hair dyes – Part 1: Aryl diamine based formulated powders — Specification , and is being proposed 
for adoption as a Uganda Standard.  
Wherever the words, “ East African  Standard" appear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard."   EAS 461 -1: 2013 
ICS 71.100.40  
© EA C 2013                                                                                                                        Second  Edition 2013  
 
EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Hair dyes – Part 1: Aryl diamine based  formulated  powders — 
Specification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  
 EAS 461 -1: 2013 
ii © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice  
This EAC document is copyright -protected by EAC. While the reproduction of this document by 
participants in the EAC st andards development process is permitted without prior permission from EAC, 
neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for 
any other purpose without prior written permission from EAC.  
Requests for per mission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed 
as shown below or to EAC’s member body in the country of the requester:  
© East African Community  2013 — All rights reserved  
East African Community   
P.O.Box 1096  
Arusha  
Tanzania  
Tel: 255 27 2504253/8  
Fax: 255 27 2504481/2504255  
E-mail: eac@eachq.org  
       Web: www.eac -quality.net  
Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.  
Violators may be persecuted  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  v 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  1 
3.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  1 
3.2 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
4 Dye ready for use  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 2 
4.1 Preparation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  2 
4.2 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  2 
4.3 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  3 
5 Packaging and labelling ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  3 
5.1 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  3 
5.2 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  3 
6 Patch test  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  4 
7 Samp ling ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  4 
Annex A (normative)  Determination of pH  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 5 
A.1 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
A.2 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  5 
A.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
Annex B (normative)  Determination of dye content  ................................ ................................ ......................  6 
B.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  6 
B.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  6 
B.3 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  6 
B.4 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  6 
B.5 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  6 
Annex C (normative)  Test for lead using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)  .........................  8 
C.1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  8 
C.2 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  8 
C.3 Standard solutions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  8 
C.4 Sample preparation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  8 
C.5 Instrument conditions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  9 
C.6 Analysis  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  10 
C.7 Calculations  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  10 
C.8 Interferences  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  10 
Annex D (normative)  Test for arsen ic using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)  ..................  11 
D.1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  11 
D.2 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  11 
D.3 Instrument conditions  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  11 
D.4 Sample preparation  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  12 
D.5 Analysis  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  12 
D.6 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  12 
Annex E (normative)  Test for mercury using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)  ..........  13 
E.1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  13 
E.2 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  13 
E.3 Instrument conditions  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  13 
E.4 Sample preparation  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  14 
E.5 Analysis  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  14 EAS 461 -1: 2013 
iv © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 E.6 Calculations  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  14 
Annex F (normative)  Dye identification and dyeing test  ................................ ................................ ............  15 
F.1 Identification by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method  ................................ ........................  15 
F.2 Dyeing test  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  15 
F.3 Reagent and test solution  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  15 
 EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  v 
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requireme nts 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
In order  to achieve this objective, the Community established an East African Standards Committee mandated 
to develop and issue East African Standards.   
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, together 
with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East African Standards 
are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner States. The comments 
received are discussed and incorporated before fi nalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures 
of the Community.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
EAS 461-1 was prepared by Technical Committee EAS/TC 071, Cosmetics and cosmetic products . 
This second edition cancels and re places the first edition (EAS 461 :2004), which has been technically revi sed 
 EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  EAS 461 -1:2013 
 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  1 
 Hair dyes  – Part 1 : Aryl diamine based  formulated  powders — 
Specification  
1 Scope  
This East African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for aryl diamine 
based formulated powder hair dyes.  
This East African standard o nly covers permanent powder hair dyes based on aryl di -amines which act as 
primary intermediates in dyes.  
It does not apply to vegetable -based hair dyes, metallic -based hair dyes and liquid hair dye . 
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documen ts are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
EAS 346 , Labelling of cosmetics — General requirements  
EAS 377 -1, Cosmetics and cosmetic products   Part 1 : List of substances prohibited in  cosmetic product s 
EAS 377 -2, Cosmetics and cosmetic products   Part 2 : List of substances which cosmetic  product s must not 
contain except subject to the  restrictions laid down  
EAS 377 -3, Cosmetics and cosmetic products   Part 3: List of colorants allowed in cosmetic products  
EAS 377 -4, Cosmetics and cosmetic products   Part 4: List of preservatives allowed in cosmetic products  
EAS 377 -5, Cosmetics and cos metic products  Part 5: Use of UV filters in cosmetic products  
ISO 24153, Random sampling and randomization procedures  
3 Requirements  
3.1 General  requirements  
3.1.1 All ingredients used in the manufacture of powder hair dye  shall comply with all parts  of EAS 377 .   
3.1.2 The powder hair dye shall be fine  and free flowing.  
3.1.3 The powder hair dye shall contain an aryl diamine as the active ingredient and a solid peroxide as the 
oxidizing agent.  
3.1.4 The dye shall be dermatologically safe and shall not c ause irritation of the scalp.  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
2 © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 3.1.5 The dye shall have no undesirable effect on the hair.  
3.1.6  The hair dyes may be black or coloured  as ready for use or in powder form.  
3.2 Specific requirements  
3.2.1  The hair dye shall comply with the  chemical  requireme nts given in Table 1 when tested in accordance 
with the methods prescribed therein.  
Table 1 — Chemical r equirements for powder hair dyes  
S/N Characteristic  Requirements  Method of test  
 Black   Coloured  
i.  pH of 5 % (m/m) 
solution in water  7 — 10 7 — 10 Annex A  
ii.  Aryl diamine content %,  
calculated as free base  10 — 30 5 — 10 Annex B 
 
3.2.2  The products shall comply with the limits for heavy metal contaminants in accordance with Table 2.  
Table 2 — Limits  for heavy metal contaminants  
SI No. Characteristic  Limits  Method of test  
i.  Lead, ppm, max . 20 Annex C  
ii.  Arsenic, ppm, max . 2 Annex D  
iii.  Mercury, ppm, max . 2 Annex E  
NOTE  The total amount of heavy metals as lead, mercury and arsenic, in combination, in the 
finished product should not exceed 20 ppm.  
4 Dye re ady for use  
4.1 Preparation  
The dye ready for use shall be prepared by mixing the powder dye with the diluent as recommended by the 
manufacturer in the leaflet describing instructions for use.  
4.2 Requirements  
The aryl di -amine  content  in the solution  after recommended dilution,  calculated as free base  shall be as 
follows:   
 Black : 1.5 % — 3.0 % 
 Coloured : 0.75 % — 1.5 % 
The procedure for calculation is as given in 4.3. The lower limit of dye is specif ied to check the effectiveness 
of the dye while the upper limit is specifi ed to ensure that the concentration of aryl amine remains within safe 
limits.  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  3 
 4.3 Calculation  
The procedure for calculation of active content in solution after recommended dilution with the diluent is as 
follows:  
Aryl di-amine = 
1YX  
where,  
X is the  aryl amine content in powder hair dye, and  
Y  is the number of parts of diluent mixed with 1 part of dye.  
5 Packaging  and labelling  
5.1 Packaging  
The product shall be pack aged  in suitable well -sealed containers that shall prote ct the contents a nd shall not 
cause any contamination or react with the product . 
5.2 Labelling  
5.2.1 The labelling shall be in English, Kiswahili or French or in combination as agreed between the 
manufacturer and supplier . 
5.2.2 The labelling shall comply with the requirements of EAS 346 . In addition  each package shall be legibly 
and indelibly labelled with the following : 
a) Intended use shall be labelled as ‘PERMANENT HAIR DYE’  In addition , , the following information 
shall be given in the leaflet:  
 procedure for conducting preliminary test for sensitivity ( see patch test  in clause 6 ). 
 instructions for use.  
b) precaution/warning : 
i. The following warnings shall be printed on the label if the package is for general use:  
 ‘can cause an allergic reaction’ ; and  
 ‘do not us e to dye eyelashes or eyebrows’.  
ii. The following warnings shall be printed on the label if the package is for professional use:  
 ‘for professional use only’ ; 
 ‘can cause an allergic reaction’ ; and  
 ‘wear suitable gloves’.  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
4 © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 6 Patch test  
Each package shall contain  instructions in English, Kiswahili or French  or in combination as agreed between 
the manufacturer and supplier. for carrying out a preliminary test by the intended user to avoid skin irritation . 
Para -phenylenediamine containing preparations may cause serio us inflammation of the skin in some cases 
and so a preliminary test should always be carried out to determine whether or not special  sensitivity exists. 
For carrying out the test, cleanse a small area of skin behind the ear or upon the inner surface of the  forearm, 
using either soap and water or alcohol.  
Apply a small quantity of the hair dye as prepared for use to the area and allow it to dry. After 48, h wash the 
area gently with soap and water. If no irritation or inflammation is apparent, it shall be as sumed that no hyper 
sensitivity to the dye exists. The test shall, however, be carried out before each and every application. This 
preparation shall on no account be used for dyeing eyebrows or eyelashes as severe inflammation of the eye 
or even blindness may result’.  
7 Sampling  
Random samples of the product shall be drawn for test in accordance with ISO 24153 from the market, factory 
or anywhere else . EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  5 
 Annex A  
(normative)  
 
Determination of pH  
A.1 Apparatus  
A.1.1  pH meter , equipped with a glass electrode  
A.1.2 Beaker , of 100 mL capacity   
A.2 Reagents  
A.2.1 pH 7.0 buffer solution  
A.2.2 pH 4.0 and pH 9.0 buffer solutions  
A.2.3 Deionised water  
A.3 Procedure  
A.3.1  Dip the pH meter into about 50 mL of pH 7.0 buffer solution. Ensure that the reading is 7.0.  
A.3.2 Rinse the meter with deionised water, and dip it into about 50 mL of pH 4.0 buffer solution.  Ensure 
that the reading is 4.0. Repeat using pH 9.0 buffer solution.  
A.3.3  Prepare 5 % solution (m/m) of the powder dye in water. Determine its pH at 25 C ± 2 C using the  
pH meter. Give the results, correct to an integer.  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
6 © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 Annex B  
(normative)  
 
Determination of dye content  
B.1 Principle  
This method estimates the para -phenylenediamine as diacetyl derivative of para -phenylenediamine.  
B.2 Apparatus  
B.2.1  G4 sintered glass crucibles  
B.2.2  Continuous extraction apparatus  as illustrated in Figure B.1 
B.3 Reagents  
B.3.1  Chloroform  
B.3.2  Acetic anhydride  
B.4 Procedure  
B.4.1  Weigh accurately 1 g to 2 g of the sample into the inner tube of the continuous extractor previously 
charged with chloroform. Add about 60 mL of chloroform, and completely extract the dye. About 5 h of 
extractions is sufficient ( see Figure B.1). 
B.4.2  Remove the flask and transfer the filtrate to a 250 -mL beaker. Rinse with a few small portions of 
chlorof orm. Evaporate the chloroform to about 25 mL and add 1 mL of acetic anhydride slowly, with stirring. 
Let it stand for one hour and filter on a weighed G4 sintered glass crucible. Wash the beaker and the 
precipitate with three or more 5 mL portions of chlor oform. Carefully remove the last traces of the precipitate 
from the beaker . Dry the crucible to constant mass at 120 °C and weigh the precipitate.  
B.5 Calculation  
The p -phenylenediamine content shall be calculated as follows:  
p-phenylenediamine, percent by  mass = 
21 100 0.5626
MM    
where,  
M1  is the mass , in grams,  of the precipitate, and  
M2 is the mass in g rams , of the sample taken for extraction.  
 EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  7 
 
 
All dimensions in millimetres  
Figure B.1 — Continuous extraction apparatus  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
8 © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 Annex C  
(normative)  
 
Test f or lead using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)  
C.1 Scope  
This method describes the determination of lead in various cosmetic products. No interference occurs from 
the high concentrations of bismuth which do interfere in the dithzone calorimetric p rocedure.  
C.2 Reagents  
C.2.1 Lead nitrate , Pb(NO 3)2 
C.2.2 Dimethylacetamide  DMA  
C.2.3 Nitric acid HNO 3, 3N. Prepare by diluting 195 mL of concentrated HNO 3 (15.4 N) to one litre with 
deionized water.  
C.2.4 Ethanol  C2H5OH  
C.2.5 Bismuth oxychloride  BiOCl  
C.2.6 Hydrochloric acid  HCl, 6 N. Prepare by diluting 516 mL of concentrated HCl (11.6 N) to one litre with 
deionized water.  
C.2.7 Hydrochloric acid  HCl, 2 N. Prepare by diluting 172 mL of concentrated HCl (11.6 N) to one litre with 
deionized water.  
C.2.8 Hydrochloric acid  HCl, 0.5 N. Prepare by diluting 25 mL of 2 N HCl to 100 mL with deionized water.  
C.3 Standard solutions  
C.3.1 Lead standard solution , 100 μg/mL. Dissolve 0.1598 g of Pb(NO 3)2 in 10 mL of dilute HNO 3 and 
dilute to 1000 mL with deionized water . 
C.3.2 Lead standard solution , 1000 μg/mL in DMA. Dissolve 0.1598 g of Pb(NO 3)2 in DMA. Dilute to 100 
mL.  
C.4 Sample preparation  
C.4.1  Aerosols  
For hai r, deodorant spray or similar aerosols, weigh accurately about 5 g of sample and dissolve in 50 mL of 
ethanol. For shaving cream spray or similar aerosols weigh accurately about 1 g of sample and dissolve in 50 
mL of ethanol.  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  9 
 C.4.2  BiOCl or cosmetics conta ining B iOCl 
Dissolve 1 g of sample (5 g if the lead level is expected to be less than 10 μg/g) in 15 mL of 6 N HCI and dilute 
to 100 mL with 0.5 N HCI. If the sample is coated with an organic material, it is necessary to ignite the sample 
to 500 C to ash before analysis.  
C.5 Instrument conditions  
C.5.1 Standard atomic absorption conditions fo r lead  
C.5.1.1  Recommended flame air -acetylene , oxidizing (lean, blue)  
C.5.1.2  Data obtained with a standard nebulizer and flow spoiler. Operation with a High sensitivity 
nebulizer or impact bead will typically p rovide a 2 -3x sensitivity improvement.  
C.5.1.3 Characteristic concentration with a N 2O-C2H2 flame at 283.3  nm: 2.7  mg/L.  
Table C.1 — HCl data EDL sensitivity values  for lead  
Wavelength , 
nm Slit  
nm Relative noise  Characteristic 
concentration , 
mg/L  Characteristic 
concentration 
check ,  
mg/L  Linear range , 
mg/L  
283.3  0.7 0.43 0.45 20.0 20.0 
217.0  0.7 1.0 0.19 9.0 20.0 
205.3  0.7 1.4 5.4 250.0  - 
202.2  0.7 1.8 7.1 350.0  - 
261.4  0.7 0.35 11.0 500.0  - 
368.3  0.7 0.40 27.0 1200.0  - 
364.0  0.7 0.33 67.0 3000.0  - 
 
C.5.2 Standard flame emission condition s for lead  
Stock standard solution, lead, 1000 mg/L . Dissolve 1.598  g of lead nitrate, Pb(N O3)2 in 1 %(v/v)  HNO 3 and 
dilute to 1 litre with 1 % (v/v) HNO 3 
Table C.2 — Flame  emission conditions for lead  
Wavelength (nm)  Slit (nm)  Flame  
405.8  0.2 Nitrous oxi de- acetylene  
 
C.5.3  Light sources  
Both Electrodeless Discharge Lamps (EDLS) and Hollow Cathode Lamps are available for lead. EDLs provide 
greater light output and longer life than Hollow Cathode Lamps. For lead, both EDLs and Hollow Cathode 
Lamps provide  approximately the same sensitivity and detection limit. With multi -element lamps containing 
copper, the Cu 216.5 nm resonance line may interfere with lead determinations at the lead 217.0 nm line. The 
lead 283.3 nm line should be used instead.  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
10 © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 C.5.4  Interferences  
Large excesses of other elements (for example, 10 000 mg/L Fe) May interfere with the lead signal.  
C.6 Analysis  
Determine the concentration of lead in the sample solutions of aerosols and similar products using the 
standard conditions for lead a nd standards prepared in ethanol. The standard solutions shall be the following 
concentrations: 0  ppm, 10  ppm, 20  ppm, 30  ppm, 40  ppm and 50 ppm. Determine the concentration of lead in 
the BiOCI solutions using the standard conditions for lead and the meth od of additions.  
C.7 Calculations  
The total amount of lead shall be calculated as follows:  
µg/g Pb =
sampleofgPbμg/mL x 50 
C.8 Interferences  
No interference was found from 1000 μg/mL of Na, Mg, K, or Ca, or from 500 μg/mL of Mn, Co or Ni. A 
background  absorption interference was noted with 1000 μg/mL of Al, Fe or Bi, which can be eliminated by 
correcting the lead absorption at 283 nm by any absorption observed at 280 nm, or by using the Deuterium 
Background Corrector.  
 EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex D  
(normative)  
 
Test for ars enic using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)  
D.1 Scope  
This method describes the determination of arsenic in various cosmetic products.  
D.2 Reagents  
The reagents used should be of analytical reagent grade. Water shall be distilled or di -ionised.  
D.3 Instrument conditions  
D.3.1 Standard atomic absorption conditions for arsenic  
D.3.1.1  Recommended flame; air -acetylene, reducing (rich, slightly yellow)  
D.3.1.2  Data obtained with a standard nebulizer and flow spoiler. Operation with a High Sensitivity  
nebulizer or impact bead will typically provide a 2 -3X sensitivity improvement.  
D.3.1.3  Characteristic concentration with a N 2O-C2H2 flame at 193.7 M: 1.4mg/L  
D.3.1.4  Table contains EDL data.  HCL sensitivity values are more than 25 % poorer.  
Table D.1 — HCl data EDL sensitivity values  for arsenic  
Wavelength ,  
nm Slit,  
nm Relative noise  Characteristic 
concentration ,  
mg/L  Characteristic 
concentration 
check ,  
mg/L  Linear range , 
mg/L  
193.7  0.7 1.0 1.0 45.0 100.0  
189.0  0.7 1.8 0.78 40.0 180.0  
197.2  0.7 0.95 2.0 90.0 250.0  
 
D.3.2  Stock standard solution  
Arsenic , 1000 mg/L . Dissolve 1.320 g of Arsenious oxide As 2O3, in 25  mL of 20  % (w/v) KOH solution. 
Neutralize with 20  % (v/v) H 2SO 4 to a phenolphthalein endpoint. Dilute to one litre with 1  % (v/v) H 2SO 4. The 
standard solutions shall be of the following concentrations: 0 ppm, 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm and 10 ppm.  
D.3.3  Flames  
The air -acetylene flame absorbs or scatters more than 60 % of the light source radiation at the 193.7 nm 
arsenic line. Flame absorp tion is reduced with the use of the nitrous oxide -acetylene flame, although 
sensitivity is also reduced. Use of background correction is recommended, as it will correct for flame 
absorption and thus improve the signal to noise ratio.  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
12 © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 D.3.4  Light  sources  
Both HCL and EDL sources are available for arsenic. EDLS, which are more intense, provide better 
performance and longer life.  
D.3.5  Interferences  
Sample with high total salt content (greater than 1 %) can produce non -specific absorption at the 193.7 mn 
arsenic line, even when the metal is absent. It is therefore advisable to set background correction.  
D.4 Sample preparation  
As in C.4.  
D.5 Analysis  
As in C.6.  
D.6 Calculation  
As in C.7  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  13 
 Annex E  
(normative)  
 
Test for mercury using the Atomic Absorption Spectro photometer (AAS)  
E.1 Scope  
This method describes the determination of mercury in various cosmetic products.  
E.2 Reagents  
The reagents used should be analytical reagent grade.  Water shall be distilled or de -ionised.  
E.3 Instrument conditions  
E.3.1 Standar d atomic absorption conditions for mercury  
E.3.1.1  Recommended flame: air -acetylene, oxidizing (lean, blue)  
E.3.1.2  Data obtained with a standard nebulizer and flow spoiler. Operation with a High Sensitivity 
nebulizer or impact bead will typically provide a 2-3X sensitivity improvement.  
E.3.1.3  Characteristic Concentration with a N 2O-C2H2 flame at 253.7 nm: 12 mg/L  
E.3.1.4  Table contains EDL data.  HCL sensitivity values more than 25 % poorer  
Table E.1 — HCl data EDL sensitivity values  for mercury  
Waveleng th,  
nm Slit,  
nm Relative noise  Characteristic 
concentration ,  
mg/L  Characteristic 
concentration 
check ,  
mg/L  Linear range , 
mg/L  
253.7  0.7 1.0 4.2 200.0  300.0  
 
E.3.2 Standard flame emission conditions for mercury  
Table E.2 — Flame  emission conditions fo r mercury  
Wavelength (nm)  Slit (nm)  Flame  
253.7  0.2 Nitrous oxide - acetylene  
E.3.3 Stock standard solution  
Mercury , 1000 mg/L — Dissolve 1.080 g of mercury (II) oxide, HgO, in a minimum volume of (1 + 1) HCI. 
Dilute to one litre with deionized water. The  standard solutions shall be of the following concentrations: 0  ppm, 
2 ppm, 4  ppm, 6  ppm, 8  ppm and 10 ppm.  EAS 461 -1: 2013 
14 © EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  
 E.3.4 Light sources  
Both Electrodeless Discharge Lamps (EDLS) and Hollow Cathode Lamps are available for Mercury. However, 
the light output of mercu ry Hollow Cathode Lamp is significantly poorer than with EDLs, and the sensitivity and 
detection limit achieved also are much poorer. In addition, the life of Hollow Cathode Lamps is much shorter.  
E.3.5  Interferences  
Large concentrations of cobalt will abs orb at the mercury 253.7 nm resonance line. A 1000 mg/L cobalt  
solution produces approximately 10 % absorption. Ascorbic acid, stannous chloride, or other reducing agents 
may reduce the mercury present to Hg (I) or elemental mercury. These give higher sen sitivities than Hg (II), 
and their presence can generate erroneously high results.  
E.4 Sample preparation  
As in C.4.  
E.5 Analysis  
As in C.6.  
E.6 Calculations  
As in C.7  
. EAS 461 -1: 2013 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved  15 
 Annex F  
(normative)  
 
Dye identification and dyeing test  
F.1 Identification by Thin Layer Chromatography ( TLC) method  
To about 1 g of the product add 5 mL of mixture of ethanol and strong ammonia solution (95:5). After shaking, 
use the centrifuged supernatant as the test solution. Separately, to mixture of ethanol and strong ammonia 
solut ion (95:5) add 2.5 g of p -phenylenediamine sulfate, 0.05 g of o -aminophenol , 0.30 g of m -Aminophenol, 
0.05 g of p -Aminophenol and 0.40 g of m -phenylenediamine sulfate to make 50 mL of the standard solution on 
a thin layer. Perform the test by Thin -layer c hromatography with diethylether as developer. When spraying p -
dime thy!aminobenzaldehyde TS on the thin layer, the spot colors and Rf values obtained from the test solution 
and the standard solution are equal.  
F.2 Dyeing test  
To 3 g of this product add 30 m L of water to make tint mixture. Soak white test wool cloth in the tint mixture 
and leave it for 20 min at 30 °C. When water -washed and dried at 80 °C, the test cloth shall display the colour 
of the dye.  
F.3 Reagent and  test solution   
F.3.3  To 3 g of p -Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde add 60 mL of methanol, and add 20 mL of hydrochloric acid.  
F.3.2  White  test wool cloth  
 EAS 461-1: 2013   
 
© EAC 2013 – All rights reserved