WT/REG255/1  
31 May 2018 
(18-3152) Page: 1/128 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements   
 
 
 
 
FACTUAL PRESENTATION  
ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP  AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CARIFORUM STATES  AND  
THE EUROPEAN UNION  
(GOODS AND SERVICES ) 
Report by the Secretariat  
This report, prepared for the consideration of the Economic Partnership Agreement 
between the CARIFORUM States and the European Union , has been drawn up by the 
WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility and in full consultation with the Parties. The 
factual  presentation reproduces as closely as possible the terminology used in the 
Agreement and in the comments provided and does not imply official endorsement or 
acceptance by the Secretariat of such terminology. The report has been drawn up in 
accordance with  the rules and procedures contained in the Decision for a 
Transparency Mechanism for Regional Trade Agreements (WT/L/671) and thus does 
not imply any value judgement by the Secretariat regarding the contents of the 
Agreement.  
Any technical questions arisin g from this report may be addressed to Jo-Ann Crawford 
(tel: +41 22 739 5422) . Any statistical questions arising from this report may be 
addressed to  Rowena Cabos (tel: +41 22 739 5185) . 
 
 
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 2 - 
 
  TABLE O F CONTENTS  
Page 
1   TRADE ENVIRONMENT  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
1.1   Merchandise Trade  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 5 
1.2   Trade in Services and Investment  ................................ ................................ ................. 10 
2   CHARAC TERISTIC ELEMENTS OF  THE AGREEMENT  ................................ ....................  17 
2.1   Background Information  ................................ ................................ .............................. 17 
3   NATIONAL TREATMENT A ND MARKET ACCESS PRO VISIONS ON TRADE IN 
GOODS  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  18 
3.1   Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions ................................ .................. 18 
3.1.1    General Provisions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...18 
3.1.2    Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  ................................ ................................ ......... 19 
3.1.3    Liberalization Schedule by Product  ................................ ................................ ............. 29 
3.1.4    Tariff Rate Quotas  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....46 
3.2   Rules of origin  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 46 
3.3   Export duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  ................................ .................. 48 
3.4   Regulatory provisions on trade in goods  ................................ ................................ ........ 49 
3.4.1    Standards  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 49 
3.4.1.1    Technical Barriers to Trade  ................................ ................................ ..................... 49 
3.4.1.2    Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures  ................................ ................................ ......49 
3.4.2   Safeguard mechanisms  ................................ ................................ ............................ 50 
3.4.2.1    Global safeguard measures  ................................ ................................ .................... 50 
3.4.2.2    Bilateral safeguard measures ................................ ................................ .................. 50 
3.4.3    Anti-dumping and countervailing measures  ................................ ................................ .51 
3.4.4    Subsidies and State -aid ................................ ................................ ............................ 51 
3.4.5    Customs -related procedures ................................ ................................ ...................... 51 
3.4.6    Customs and administrative cooperation  ................................ ................................ .....51 
3.4.7    Special provisions on administrative cooperation  ................................ ......................... 52 
3.4.8    The Protocol on Mutual Administrative Assist ance in Customs Matters  ............................ 52 
3.5   Sector -specific provisions on trade in goods  ................................ ................................ ...52 
3.5.1    Agriculture and Fisheries  ................................ ................................ .......................... 52 
3.5.2    Sugar  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 53 
4   PROVISIONS  ON TRADE IN SERVICES  AND INVESTMENT  ................................ .........  54 
4.1   Scope and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..54 
4.2   Denial of benefits  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......55 
4.3   Market access  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 55 
4.4   National and MFN treatment  ................................ ................................ ........................ 55 
4.5   Movement of natural persons  ................................ ................................ ....................... 56 
4.6   Liberalization commitments  ................................ ................................ ......................... 58 
4.6.1    The European Union  ................................ ................................ ................................ .58 
4.6.1.1   Horizontal Commitments  ................................ ................................ ........................ 58 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 3 - 
 
  4.6.1.2    Sector Specific Commitments  ................................ ................................ ................. 58 
4.6.2    CARIFORUM States  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..63 
4.6.2.1    Horizontal Commitmen ts ................................ ................................ ........................ 63 
4.6.2.2    Sector Specific Commitments  ................................ ................................ ................. 63 
4.6.3    Regulatory provisions on trade in services  ................................ ................................ ..78 
4.6.3.1    Domestic regulation  ................................ ................................ .............................. 78 
4.6.3.2    Recognition  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 78 
4.6.4    Sector specific regulatory provisions on trade in services  ................................ .............. 78 
4.6.4.1    Computer Services  ................................ ................................ ................................ 78 
4.6.4.2    Courier Services  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...78 
4.6.4.3    Financial Services  ................................ ................................ ................................ .78 
4.6.4.4    International Maritime Transport Services  ................................ ................................ 78 
4.6.4.5    Tourism Services  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..79 
4.6.4.6    E-commerce  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 79 
4.6.5    Other Provisions on Investment  ................................ ................................ ................. 79 
5   PROVISIONS AFFECTING  TRADE IN GOODS, SERV ICES AND INVESTMENT  ...............  79 
5.1   Development and cooperation  ................................ ................................ ...................... 79 
5.2   Transparency  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 80 
5.3   Current payments and capital movements  ................................ ................................ .....80 
5.4   Exceptions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 81 
5.5   Accession  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 81 
5.6   Institutional framework  ................................ ................................ ............................... 81 
5.7   Dispute settlement  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....81 
5.8   Administrative Cooperation  ................................ ................................ .......................... 83 
5.9   Government procurement  ................................ ................................ ............................ 83 
5.10   Intellectual property rights  ................................ ................................ ......................... 84 
5.11   Competition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 85 
5.12   Balance of Payments Safeguards  ................................ ................................ ................ 86 
5.13   Environment  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 86 
5.14   Labour  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 86 
5.15   Cultural Cooperation  ................................ ................................ ................................ .86 
5.16   Relationship with other agreements concluded by the Parties  ................................ ......... 87 
ANNEX 1  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  89 
ANNEX 2  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  124  
 
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 4 - 
 
  Key Facts  
 
Parties to the Agreement:  Antigua and Barbuda; 
Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Dominica; the Dominican 
Republic; Grenada; Guyana; Haiti; Jamaica; St. Kitts and 
Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; 
Trinidad and Tobago; the EU and its Member States  
 
Date of Signature:    15 October 2008  
 
Date of provisional application :  29 December  2008 
 
Date of Notification:    16 October 2008  
 
Full implementation:    1 January 2033  
 
 
 
1  TRADE ENVIRONMENT  
1.1.  The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the CARIFORUM  States and the 
European Union  (hereinafter referred to as CARIFORUM -EU, or 'the Agreement') is composed of 
13 of the 15 member countries of CARICOM,1 the Dominican Republic and the 2 8 Member States 
of the E U.2 It has been provisionally applied since December 2008 and will enter into force once all 
Parties have completed the ratification process. CARIFORUM -EU replaces the trade provisions of 
the Cotonou Agreement which was signed in 2000, through which the E U granted unilateral 
preferences to African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. The Agreement was the first EPA to 
be completed between the E U and one of the six sub -regions of the ACP and the only one to date 
to include provisions on trade in services.  
1.2.  The ranking of the CARICOM countries (with the exception of Trinidad and Tobago and 
Jamaica) in global merchandise trade is broadly similar as shown in Table 1.1. The Dominican 
Republic is larger in population terms than the other CARIFORUM countries combine d, but the 
latter's combined GDP is larger than the Dominican Republic's. The E U's trade to GDP ratio is 
considerably smaller than those of CARIFORUM partners, reflecting the size of its internal market. 
All of the EU's  CARIFORUM partners except Trinidad a nd Tobago ran a global merchandise trade 
deficit in 20 15. The EU ran a trade surplus in that year. The EU ranks in the top five largest trading 
partners in terms of both imports and exp orts for almost all of the CARIFORUM partners . The 
Dominican Republic i s the EU's most  important trading partner  among CARIFORUM countries  in 
terms of exports, ranking 73rd, while Trinidad and Tobago is the largest in terms of imports, 
ranking 66th. 
Table 1.1 CARIFORUM -EU Members ' Merchandise Trade Profiles  
Member  
Population 
2015  
(million)  Merchandise trade - 2015  Rank in world 
trade - 2015  GDP 
US$ 
billion 
(2015)  Trade  
(% GDP,  
2013 -
2015)  Exports 
US$ 
billion  
% 
world 
exports  
Imports 
US$ 
billion  
% 
world 
imports  
Exports  
Imports  
Antigua and 
Barbuda  0.1 0.06 0.00 0.50 0.00 159 156 1.30 49.8 
Bahamas  0.4 0.52 0.00 2.78 0.02 133 117 8.88 46.7 
Barbados  0.3 0.48 0.00 1.62 0.01 136 132 4.45 52.9 
Belize  0.4 0.55 0.00 0.98 0.01 132 145 1.76 63.3 
Dominica  0.1 0.04 0.00 0.22 0.00 164 171 0.54 39.6 
                                                
1 Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Dominica; Grenada; Guyana; Jamaica; St. Kitts 
and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago. Montserrat is not an 
ACP country; Haiti signed the Agreement in December 200 9 but is not yet applying it pending its ratification.  
2 Article 247  of the Agreement provides for the accession of new EU Member States. Croatia acceded to 
the Agreement on 28.11.2017.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 5 - 
 
  Member  
Population 
2015  
(million)  Merchandise trade - 2015  Rank in world 
trade - 2015  GDP 
US$ 
billion 
(2015)  Trade  
(% GDP,  
2013 -
2015)  Exports 
US$ 
billion  
% 
world 
exports  
Imports 
US$ 
billion  
% 
world 
imports  
Exports  
Imports  
Dominican 
Republic  10.5 9.45 0.06 17.20  0.10 63 56 67.10  28.1 
Grenada  0.1 0.03 0.00 0.36 0.00 166 160 0.98 34.2 
Guyana  0.8 1.10 0.01 1.55 0.01 121 134 3.17 65.7 
Jamaica  2.7 1.25 0.01 5.03 0.03 118 96 14.14  51.98  
(CIF) 
St. Kitts and 
Nevis  0.1 0.04 0.00 0.28 0.00 163 164 0.92 35.4 
St. Lucia  0.2 0.19 0.00 0.57 0.00 149 154 1.44 46.0 
St. Vincent and 
Grenadines  0.1 0.05 0.00 0.33 0.00 162 163 0.74 79.0 
Suriname  0.5 1.68 0.01 2.03 0.01 111 127 4.88 49.0 
Trinidad and 
Tobago  1.4 7.69 0.04 5.82 0.04 69 87 27.81  48.0 
EU(28)  509.5  1,985.0  15.18  1,913.7  14.36  2 2 16,301.8  16.9 
Source:  WTO Secretariat Trade Profiles  (December 2016) , authorities of Jamaica, St Vincent and Grenadines,  
Trinidad and Tobago, and World Development Indicators (WDI) on population.  
 
1.1  Merchandise Trade  
1.3.  Developments in recent years in global and intra merchandise trade between the Parties are 
shown in Charts  1.1 to 1.3 and Tables 1.2 and 1.3 . Over the period 200 5 to 20 15, EU trade with 
the CARIFORUM States was more or less i n balance except for 2008 when the EU registered a 
deficit and 2015 when it registered a sizable surplus  (Chart 1.1) . The EU's global  trade balance 
over the period surveyed was mostly in deficit until 2013 when a small surplus was recorded. 
Since then the trade balance has been positive.   
Chart 1.1 EU trade with CARIFORUM States and world, 2005 -2015  
 
Note:  Data for 2005 -2006 is EU(25), 2007 -2012 is EU(27) and 2013 onwards is EU(28).  
Source:  Eurostat.  
1.4.  Trade data between Croatia (which acceded to the Agreement in 2017) and CARIFORUM 
countries is shown in Tables 1.2 and 1.3.  
0123456
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000
X
M
X
M
X
M
X
M
X
M
X
M
X
M
X
M
X
M
X
M
X
M
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion €Billion
Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize
Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guyana
Jamaica St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Exports to extra-EU(left axis) Imports from extra-EU (left axis)WT/REG255/1  
 
- 6 - 
 
  Table 1.2: Croatia and EU(27) imports from CARIFORUM States, 2013 -2016 (€ million)  
 Import  Export  
2013  2014  2015  2016  2013  2014  2015  2016  
Croatia  4.03 1.05 1.17 1.60 1.96 1.30 0.87 1.72 
EU(27)  4,377.11  4,024.07  4,007.93  3,133.41  4,053.10  3,964.28  5,080.44  4,744.65  
Total 4,381.14  4,025.12  4,009.11  3,135.01  4,055.06  3,965.58  5,081.31  4,746.37  
Source: Eurostat . 
 
Table 1.3: Croatia and EU(27) percentage of imports from CARIFORUM States, 2013 -
2016  
 Import  Export  
2013  2014  2015  2016  2013  2014  2015  2016  
Croatia  0.09 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.04 
EU(27)  99.91  99.97  99.97  99.95  99.95  99.97  99.98  99.96  
Total 100.00  100.00  100.00  100.00  100.00  100.00  100.00  100.00  
Source:  Eurostat . 
 
1.5.  The CARIFORUM  States' trade with the EU and the world in the period 2005 -2015 is shown in 
Charts 1.2 and 1.3. With the exception of Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago all CARIFORUM 
States have run a global trade deficit over the period surveyed. Belize, Guyana and Trinid ad and 
Tobago have run a trade surplus with the EU in most years over the period surveyed, while the 
other CARIFORUM States have mostly run a trade deficit.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 7 - 
 
  Chart 1.2 CARIFORUM States' trade with EU and world,  2005 -2015  
 
Note:   Antigua and Barbuda: no export data for 2006 and no trade data for 2008; Dominica: no trade data 
for 2011, 2013 -2015; Grenada: no export data for 2009 -2015, no import data for 2010 -2015.  
 Average exchange rates used: US$ to Euros: 0.804  (2005), 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007), 0.683 
(2008), 0.720 (2009), 0.755 (2010),  0.719 (2011), 0.778 (2012), 0.753 (2013), 0.754 (2014) and 
0.902 (2015).  
 Data for 2005 -2006 is EU(25), 2007 -2012 is EU(27) and 2013 onwards is EU(28).  
Sourc e: UNSD, Comtrade da tabase.  
 
0100200300400500600
0102030405060
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Antigua and Barbuda
(€Million)
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000
020406080100120
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Bahamas
(€Million)
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,600
050100150200250
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Barbados
(€Million)
02004006008001,000
020406080100120
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Belize
(€Million)
050100150200
0510152025
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Dominica
(€Million)
05,00010,00015,00020,000
05001,0001,5002,000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Dominican Republic
(€Million)
050100150200250300
0510152025303540
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Grenada
(€Million)
05001,0001,5002,0002,500
050100150200250300
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Guyana
(€Million)WT/REG255/1  
 
- 8 - 
 
  Chart 1.3 CARIFORUM States' trade with EU and world, 2005 -2015  
 
Note:  St. Kitts and Nevis: no trade data for 2012 -2015; St. Lucia: no trade data for 2009 -2013 and 2015; 
Suriname: no trade data for 20 15. 
 Average exchange rates used: US$ to Euros: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007), 0.683 
(2008), 0.720 (2009), 0.755 (2010),  0.719 (2011), 0.778 (2012), 0.753 (2013), 0.754 (2014) and 
0.902 (2015).  
 Data for 2005 -2006 is EU(25), 2007 -2012 is EU(27)  and 2013 onwards is EU(28).  
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database, Authorities of St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago; 
Eurostat (mirror data on bilateral trade of Trinidad and Tobago for 2011 -2015).  
 
1.6.  The commodity structure of trade between t he EU and the CARIFORUM States, as well as 
their global trade in the period s 2006-2008 and 2013 -2015 are  shown in Chart s 1.4a and 1.4b on 
the basis of Harmonized System (HS) sections. In 2006 -2008, t he EU's i mports of minerals, 
vehicles and chemicals account ed for two thirds of its total imports from CARIFORUM States, while 
the CARIFORUM States' imports of machinery, chemicals and base metals account ed for just over 
half of its imports from the EU.  
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000
0100200300400500600
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Jamaica
(€Million)
050100150200250
024681012141618
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Saint Kitts and Nevis
(€Million )
0100200300400500600
010203040506070
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Saint Lucia
(€Million)
050100150200250300350
05101520253035404550
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
(€Million)
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000
050100150200250300350400450500
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Suriname
(€Million)
02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,000
05001,0001,5002,0002,500
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Trinidad and Tobago
(€Million)WT/REG255/1  
 
- 9 - 
 
  Chart 1.4a EU and the CARIFORUM States:  product composition of merchandise trade, 
annual average (2006 -2008)  
 
Note:  Antigua and Barbuda: no export data for 2006 and no trade data for 2008 . 
 Average exchange rates used for Chart 1.4a: US$ to Euros: 0.797 (2006),  0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008) . 
Source:  Eurostat and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
30
18
1613763223EU's imports from the Cariforum 
States (%)
27
22
77763332227EU's Global Imports (%)
46
15775542227The Cariforum States ' Global Exports 
(%)
29
12
10 995443322223The Cariforum States ' imports from 
EU (%)
22
17
8
8875543322225The Cariforum States ' Global 
Imports(%)
30
14
147644333227EU's Global Exports(%)Total: €4.6billion Total: €1,465 billion
Total: €25.5 billionTotal: €1,250 billionTotal:  €20.3 billion
Total: €2.6 billion
WT/REG255/1  
 
- 10 - 
 
  Chart 1.4b EU and the CARIFORUM  States:  product composition of merchandise trade, 
annual average (2013 -2015)  
 
Note:   No trade data for Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago (2013 -2015); St. 
Lucia (2013 and 2015) and St. Vincent and the Grenadines (2013 -2014).  
 Average exchange rates used: US$ to Euros: 0.753 (2013), 0.754 (2014) and 0.902 (2015).  
Source:  Eurostat and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
1.2  Trade in Ser vices and Investment  
1.7.  In terms of services trade, EU(28) ranks as the world's largest trader in services accounting 
for 24.9% of world exports and 2 0.2% of world imports  in 2015  (Table 1. 4). Its 14 CARIFORUM 
partners account collectively for 0. 35% of world services exports and 0.2 0% of world imports. 
With the exception of Guyana and Suriname, all other CARIFORUM States were net services 
exporters in 2015 . The EU was a net exporter of services in 2015 .  
Table 1.4 CARIFORUM -EU members' Services Trade Profiles  
Member  Services trade - 2015  Rank in world trade - 
2015  
Exports 
US$ billion  % 
world 
exports  Imports 
US$ billion  % world 
imports  Exports  Imports  
Antigua and Barbuda  0.47 0.01 0.24 0.01 119 144 
Bahamas  2.70 0.06 1.19 0.03 70 101 
Barbados  1.15 0.03 0.49 0.01 90 123 
26
17
16131254324EU's imports from the Cariforum 
States (%)
26
22
96664333327EU's Global Imports (%)
16
14
11
9 8776433211The Cariforum States ' Global Exports 
(%)
21
14
13
8855433322223The Cariforum States ' imports from 
EU (%)
24
15
8
866654332226The Cariforum States ' Global 
Imports(%)
26
16
156655442228EU's Global Exports(%)Total: €3.9billion Total: €1,702 billion
Total: €26.9 billion Total: €1,744 billionTotal:  €11.5 billion
Total: €2.5 billion
WT/REG255/1  
 
- 11 - 
 
  Member  Services trade - 2015  Rank in world trade - 
2015  
Exports 
US$ billion  % 
world 
exports  Imports 
US$ billion  % world 
imports  Exports  Imports  
Belize  0.49 0.01 0.22 0.00 120 146 
Dominica  0.13 0.00 0.07 0.00 150 161 
Dominican Republic  7.20 0.15 2.97 0.06 40 64 
Grenada  0.19 0.00 0.09 0.00 140 158 
Guyana (2014)  0.18 0.00 0.43 0.01 144 137 
Jamaica  2.91 0.06 2.08 0.05 67 82 
St. Kitts and Nevis  0.16 0.00 0.14 0.00 147 154 
St. Lucia  0.44 0.01 0.18 0.00 121 150 
St. Vincent and Grenadines  0.15 0.00 0.09 0.00 149 159 
Suriname  0.17 0.00 0.71 0.02 145 122 
Trinidad and Tobago  1.33  2.07    
EU(28)  914.71  24.92  732.31  20.19  1 1 
Source:  Barbados and Belize authorities, Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago and the WTO Secretariat Trade 
Profiles (December 2016).  
 
1.8.  Chart 1.5 shows global trade in commercial services for EU(28) based on the period 
2008-2015. For EU(28), the largest traded services in terms of imports are other business 
services, transport services, charges for the use of intellectual property, and travel, while other 
business services, transport services, travel services and telecom, computer and information 
services are the largest export categories.  
Chart 1.5 EU: Trade in commercial services data with extra -EU, 2008 -2015  
 
Note:  European Union covers data for EU(28). Trade flows excludes intra -EU tra de. 
 Exchange rate used for data from WTO Statis tics Database - EUR per USD are : 0.68 (2008) and 
0.72 (2009).  
 Based on BPM6.  
Source:  WTO Statistics Database and Eurostat (2010 -2015).  
1.9.  Charts 1.6 and 1.7 show the CARIFORUM States ' trade in commercial services with the world 
for the period 2005 -2015. The largest category of services exports is travel services for most 
countries, while transport services is the largest category of imports.  
Manufacturing services on physical 
inputs owned by others
Maintenance & repair services, n.i.e.
Transport services
Travel servicesInsurance and pension 
services
Financial services
Charges for the use of 
intellectual property n.i.e.Telecom, computer and 
information services
Other business servicesConstruction services
Personal, cultural and 
recreational services0100200300400500600700800900
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015A. EU imports from extra -EU
2008 -2015
(€Billion)
0100200300400500600700800900
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015B. EU exports to extra -EU
2008 -2015
(€Billion)WT/REG255/1  
 
- 12 - 
 
  Chart 1.6 CARIFORUM States, total trade in commercial services with world, 2005 -2015  
(Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, 
Grenada)  
 
Note:  Data are incomplete in some sectors in the following years:  Antigua and Barbuda: (2005 -2015); 
Bahamas (2005 -2015); Barbados (2005 -2012, 2014 -2015); Belize (2005 -2015); Dominica (2005 -
2015); Dominican Republic (2005 -2015); Grenada (2005 -2015) . 
 Average exchange rates used: US$ to Euros: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007),  0.683 
(2008), 0.720 (2009), 0.755 (2010), 0.719 (2011), 0.778 (2012).  
 Based on BPM6.  
Source:  WTO Statistics database.  
Exports
(€Million)Imports
(€Million)Antigua and Barbuda
0100200300400500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Bahamas
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
05001,0001,5002,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Barbados
05001,0001,5002,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
0100200300400500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Belize
0100200300400500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
050100150
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Dominica
050100150
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Dominican Republic
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
050100150200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Grenada
050100150
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Manufacturing services on physical 
inputs owned by others
Maintenance & repair services, n.i.e.
Transport services
Travel servicesInsurance and pension 
services
Financial services
Charges for the use of 
intellectual property n.i.e.Telecom, computer and 
information services
Other business servicesConstruction services
Personal, cultural and 
recreational services0100200300400500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015WT/REG255/1  
 
- 13 - 
 
  Chart 1.7 CARIFORUM States, total trade in commercial services  with world, 2005 -2015  
(Guy ana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 
Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago)  
 
Note:  Data are incomplete in some sectors in the following years: Guyana (2005 -2015); Jamaica 
(2005 -2015); Saint Kitts and Nevis (2005 -2015); Saint Lucia (2005 -2015); Saint Vincent and the 
Grenadines (2005 -2015); Suriname (2005 -2015); Trinidad and Tobago (2005 -2015) . 
 Average exchange rates used: US$ to Euros: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007), 0.683 
(2008 ), 0.720 (2009), 0.7 55 (2010), 0.719 (2011), 0.778 (2012).  Based on BPM6.  
Source:  WTO Statistics database.  
Exports
(€Million)Imports
(€Million)Guyana
0100200300400500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Jamaica
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
050100150
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Saint Kitts and Nevis
050100150
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
0100200300400500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Saint Lucia
0100200300400500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
050100150
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
050100150
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
0200400600800
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Suriname
0200400600800
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
0200400600800
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Trinidad and Tobago
0200400600800
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Manufacturing services on physical 
inputs owned by others
Maintenance & repair services, n.i.e.
Transport services
Travel servicesInsurance and pension 
services
Financial services
Charges for the use of 
intellectual property n.i.e.Telecom, computer and 
information services
Other business servicesConstruction services
Personal, cultural and 
recreational services0100200300400500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015WT/REG255/1  
 
- 14 - 
 
  1.10.   The EU's FDI stock with extra -EU countries for the period 2005 -2015 is shown in Chart 1.8. 
Over the period the EU's stock of inward and outward FDI  has increased at more or less the same 
rate. The EU is a net provider of FDI stock.  
Chart 1.8 EU: FDI stock with extra -EU, 2005 -2015 
 
Note:  Data for 2005 -2006 is EU(25), 2007 -2012 is EU(27) and 2013 onwards is EU(28).  
Source:  Eurostat.  
 
1.11.   Chart 1.9 shows the EU's FDI stock with CARIFORUM States  in 2013 -2015. In 2014, the EU 
held a net stock of FDI in most of the CARIFORUM  States with the exception of the Bahamas, Saint 
Kitts and Nevis, Belize, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the Dominican Republic which were 
net investors into the EU.  
1.12.   The CARIFORUM States ' FDI stock with the world for the period 2005 -2015 is shown i n 
Chart  1.10. All CARIFORUM States were net recipients of FDI stock over the period surveyed. The 
Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago and the Bahamas hold the largest stocks of global FDI of 
the CARIFORUM States, while Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and Barbados hold the largest 
stocks of outward FDI.  
 
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015EU FDI stock with extra -EU
2005 -2015
(€Billion) 
Inward OutwardWT/REG255/1  
 
- 15 - 
 
  Chart 1.9 EU, foreign direct investment stock with CARIFORUM States, 2013 -2015  
 
Note:  Data for 2013 onwards is EU(28).  
Source:  Eurostat.  
Guyana
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
SurinameAntigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada0.000.200.400.600.801.00
2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.0020.0040.0060.0080.00
2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.002.004.006.008.0010.00
2013 2014 2015€Billioni
0.000.100.200.30
2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.002.004.006.008.00
2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.000.050.100.15
2013 2014 2015€Billion
-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.30
2013 2014 2015€Billion0.000.100.200.300.40
2013 2014 2015€Billion
-0.100.000.100.200.300.40
2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.000.100.200.300.40
2013 2014 2015€Billion
-2.000.002.004.006.00
2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.000.501.001.50
2013 2014 2015€Billion
Trinidad and Tobago
0.000.050.100.150.20
2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.000.501.001.50
2013 2014 2015€BillionWT/REG255/1  
 
- 16 - 
 
  Chart 1.10 CARIFORUM States, foreign direct investment stock with world, 2005 -2015  
 
Note: Average exchange rates used:  0.804 (2005), US$ to Euros: 0.80(2006), 0.73(2007), 0.68(2008), 
0.72(2009) , 0.76(2010), 0.72(2011), 0.78 ( 2012), 0.75 (2013), 0.75 (2014) and 0.90 (2015).  
 No FDI outward stock for Dominican Republic for 2006 -2008.  No FDI outward stock for Suriname for 
2005-2015 and no FDI inward stock for 2005 -2010, 2014 -2015.  
Source:  UNCTAD.  
Guyana
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
SurinameAntigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada0.01.02.03.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.05.010.015.020.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.02.04.06.08.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.00.51.01.52.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.00.20.40.60.8
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.010.020.030.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.00.51.01.52.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion0.01.02.03.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.05.010.015.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.00.51.01.52.02.5
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.00.51.01.52.02.5
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.00.51.01.52.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
0.00.51.01.52.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
Trinidad and Tobago
0.010.020.030.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015€Billion
WT/REG255/1  
 
- 17 - 
 
  2  CHARACTERISTIC ELEME NTS OF THE AGREEMENT  
2.1  Background Information  
2.1.  The CARIFORUM -EU Economic Partnership Agreement was signed by the Parties on 
15 October 2008 (Guyana signed on 20 October 2008) and has been provisionally applied since 29 
December  2008. The Agreement was notified by the Parties to the WTO unde r Article XXIV:7(a) of 
the GATT 1994  and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article  XXIV of GATT 1994  
(WT/REG 255/N/1/Rev.1) and under Article V:7(a) of the GATS (S/C/N/469/Rev.1). The text of the 
Agreement is available, together with its Annexes, o n the Parties' official website s as follows:  
 http://eur -lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:289:0003:1955:EN:PDF  
 http://www.crnm.org  
2.2.  The Agreement is composed of six parts as follows:  
Box 2.1 Table of Contents of the Agreement  
Part I   Trade Partnership for Sustainable Development  
Part II   Trade and Trade -related Matters  
 Title I    Trade in Goods  
 Chapter 1   Customs Duties  
 Chapter 2   Trade Defence Instruments  
 Chapter 3   Non-Tariff Measures  
 Chapter 4   Customs and Trade Facilitation  
 Chapter 5   Agriculture and Fisheries  
 Chapter 6   Technical Barriers  to Trade  
 Chapter 7   Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures  
Title II    Investment, Trade in Services and E -commerce  
 Chapter 1     General Provisions  
 Chapter 2     Commercial Presence  
 Chapter 3     Cross Border Supply of Services  
 Chapter 4     Temporary Presence of Natural Persons for Business Purpose  
 Chapter 5     Regulatory Framework  
 Chapter 6     Electronic Commerce  
 Chapter 7     Cooperation  
 Title III    Current Payments and Capital Movements  
 Title IV   Trade -related issues  
 Chapter 1     Competition  
 Chapter 2     Innovation and Intellectual Proper ty 
 Chapter 3     Public Procurement  
 Chapter 4    Environment  
 Chapter 5     Social Aspects  
 Chapter 6     Protection of Personal Data  
Part III  Dispute Avoidance and Settlement  
 Chapter 1   Consultations and Mediation  
 Chapter 2    Dispute Settlement Procedures  
Part IV   General Exceptions  
Part V   Institutional Provisions  
Part VI   General and Final Provisions  
 Annexes    
 Protocols    
 Final Act    
Source:  The Agreement . 
 
2.3.  The Agreement builds upon the provisions of the Cotonou Agreement and previous ACP -EU 
partnership agreements in the area of regional cooperation and integration as well as economic 
and trade cooperation (Article 2). The Cotonou  Agreement which was signed in June 2000 and 
entered into force in April 2003 was concluded for a 20 year period, until 2020.3 Its trade 
provisions were provisional, as they were designed to last only until 31  December 2007.  With the 
exception of the devel opment cooperation provisions of the Agreement, in case of any 
inconsistency between the provisions of CARIFORUM -EU and the Cotonou Agreement, the former 
                                                
3 The text of the Agreement is available at:  
http://eur -lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2000:317:0003:0286:EN:PDF  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 18 - 
 
  prevail (Article 241). The trade liberalization provisions of the Agreement apply between the 
CARIFORU M countries and the EU (but not between the CARIFORUM countries themselves). Trade 
among CARICOM countries is governed by the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas. Trade between the 
CARICOM countries  (with the exception of the Bahamas and Haiti)  and the Dominican  Republic is 
currently governed by the FTA between CARICOM and the Dominican Republic which has been 
applied since 1 December 2001  as amended .  
3  NATIONAL TREATMENT A ND MARKET ACCESS PRO VISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  
3.1  Import duties and charges, and quantitative re strictions  
3.1.1   General Provisions  
3.1.  According to Article 15, imports of goods originating in the CARIFORUM States are imported 
free of customs duty into  the EU except for those products listed in Annex II of the Agreement 
which include arms and ammunition, rice and sugar.4 
3.2.  Imports of originating products from the EU into the CARIFORUM States are exempt from all 
customs duties within the meaning of Article 11 of the Agreement other than those listed in 
Annex  III (Article 16). Annex III provides the schedule of tar iff liberalization of the CARIFORUM 
States and lists at the HS  6-digit level the maximum customs duty that may be applied with 
exceptions for specific signatory CARIFORUM States, where applicable. For a period of ten years 
following the signature of the Ag reement, the CARIFORUM States may continue to apply customs 
duties other than those listed in Annex III to any imports originating in the EU, provided that these 
duties were applicable to the product on the date of signature of the Agreement and are impose d 
on the like product imported from all other countries . The CARIFORUM States are not required to 
begin a phased elimination of customs duties other than those listed in Annex III in the s even 
years subsequent to the signature of the Agreement, i.e. until 2015.5 This process is to be 
accompanied by the support of the necessary fiscal reforms. Within six months of signature of the 
Agreement such duties are to be notified to the CARIFORUM -EU Trade and Development 
Committee and their eliminat ion is to be notified promptly.6 
3.3.  In the event of serious difficulties in respect of imports of a given product from the EU, the 
schedule of customs duty reductions and eliminations may be reviewed by the CARIFORUM -EU 
Trade and Development Committee with a view to modif ying (but not extending) the time 
schedule. If no decision is taken by the CARIFORUM -EU Trade and Development Committee within 
30 days of the application to review the timetable, the CARIFORUM States may suspend the 
timetable provisionally for a period tha t may not exceed one year (Article 16.6).7 
3.4.  In light of the special development needs of Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, 
Guyana, St Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines , the Parties may decide 
to modify the level of customs  duties stipulated in Annex III as long as any such modification does 
not result in an incompatibility of the Agreement with the requirements of Article XXIV of the 
GATT  1994 (Article 17). Additionally, the Parties may also decide simultaneously to adjust the 
customs duty commitments stipulated in Annex III and related to other products imported from 
the EU, as appropriate.  
3.5.  After the Agreement's  entry into force, the EU shall grant to the CARIFORUM States any more 
favourable treatment resulting from it bec oming party to an FTA  with third parties. The 
CARIFORUM States (individually or collectively) have the same obligation, but only if the third 
                                                
4 Article 11 of the Agreement defines a "c ustoms duty " as any duty or ch arge of any kind , including any 
form of surtax or surcharge,  imposed in connection with the impo rtation or exportation of goods, but does not  
include internal taxes or other internal charges, anti -dumping, countervailing or safeguard measures, or fees or 
other charges.  
5 The EU indicates that from their side the schedule of liberalization has been adhered to. The 
CARIFORUM Parties indicate that they present their progress on the state of tariff schedule liberalization during 
the annual Trade and Development  Committee meeting held under the Agreement.  
6 The CARIFORUM States indicate that they notified the EU of the customs duties within the meaning of 
Article 11 other than those listed in Annex III in 2011 at the first meeting of the Trade and Development 
Committee. Elimination is not yet due.  
7 The Parties indicate that the schedule has not been modified.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 19 - 
 
  party is a "major trading economy".8 If the CARIFORUM State grants more favourable treatment in 
an agreement with a major trading economy than that offered to the EU, the Parties will consult 
and decide whether the CARIFORUM State may deny the more favourable treatment to the EU 
(Article 19) . 
3.6.  The Parties may not maintain any import prohibitions in the form of  quotas, import licenses 
or other measures as of the date of entry into force of the Agreement and no new such measures 
may be introduced (Article 26).  
3.7.  Products imported from a Party shall not be directly or indirectly subject to internal taxation 
or other internal charges of any kind in excess of those directly or indirectly applied to similar 
domestic products. The Parties shall also refrain from applyi ng any other form of taxation or other 
internal charges with the aim of providing protection for domestic production. Aside from taxation 
or charges, national treatment also applies to laws, regulations and requirements applicable to 
sale, offering for sal e, purchase, transportation, distribution or use on the national market; and to 
any internal regulations relating to the mixing, processing, or use of products according to 
specified quantities or proportions (Article 27).  
3.8.  The Parties agree to consider ext ending the Agreement with the aim of broadening and 
supplementing its scope (Article 246) and agree that the Agreement may need to be reviewed in 
the light of the expiration of the Cotonou Agreement.  
3.1.2   Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  
3.9.  As shown in Tab le 3.1, 24.3% of the EU 's tariff lines were duty free  on an MFN basis in 
20099, corresponding to a range of between 1.4% (St Lucia) and 91.5% (St Vincent and the 
Grenadines) of the EU's imports by value from its CARIFORUM partners in 2006 -2008.10 Following 
the Agreement's provisional application , the EU  liberalized an additional 75.1% of lines  whose 
value ranged from 8.5% of total imports from St Vincent and the Grenadines in 2006 -2008 to 
98.6% of total imports from St Lucia . At the end of impleme ntation  in 2010 99.8% of the EU's 
tariff lines were liberalized, accounting for 100% of all of its CARIFORUM Partners' imports. 22 
tariff lines remain  subject to duties.  
                                                
8 A major trading economy is "any developed country or any country or territory accounting for  a share 
of world merchandise exports above  1% in the year bef ore the entry into force of the free trade agreement. or 
any group of countries acting individually, collectively or through a free trade agreement accounting collectively 
for a share of world merchandise exports above  1.5% in the year before the entry int o force of the 
free-agreement" (Article 19.4). For this calculation official data by the WTO on leading exporters in world 
merchandise trade (excluding intra -EU trade) is to be used.  
9 2009 is used as the first year of preferential tariff liberalization as  data for 2008 were not available 
from the EU.  
10 Of the 9,569  tariff lines in the EU's  schedule, 8,599  (89.9%) are subject to ad valorem  duties, 629 
(6.6%) to specific duties, 249 (2.6%) to compound duties, 58 (0.6%) to mixed duties, and 34 (0.4%) to other  
duties.   
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 20 - Table 3.1 Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade (2006 -2008)  
A. European Union  
Value of imports: € million  
 MFN 2009  EU imports from individual CARIFORUM  States  
Antigua and 
Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Dominica  Dominican 
Republic  Grenada  
No. 
of 
lines  % of total 
lines in 
EU's tariff 
schedule  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value in 
million € % of 
total 
imports  
MFN 
duty-
free 
2009 2,325  24.3 75.5 84.3 292.0  82.4 12.2 32.7 6.3 6.9 3.1 22.9 415.3  56.2 2.8 70.2 
2009 7,182  75.1 14.1 15.7 62.5 17.6 9.6 25.9 52.4 57.8 10.4 77.1 319.1  43.2 1.2 29.8 
2010 40 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.4 41.4 32.0 35.3 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 
Remain 
dutiable  22 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Total  9,569  100.0  89.6 100.0  354.5  100.0  37.2 100.0  90.7 100.0  13.5 100.0  739.4  100.0  4.0 100.0  
 MFN 2009  EU imports from individual CARIFORUM  States  
Guyana  Jamaica  Saint Kitts and 
Nevis  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and 
the Grenadines  Suriname  Trinidad and 
Tobago  
No. 
of 
lines  % of total 
lines in 
EU's tariff 
schedule  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value 
in 
million 
€ % of 
total 
imports  Value in 
million € % of 
total 
imports  
MFN 
duty-
free 
2009 2,325  24.3 49.1 24.4 13.2 2.5 0.7 24.5 1.2 1.4 103.5  91.5 129.1  54.0 330.8  21.4 
2009 7,182  75.1 17.3 8.6 446.9  84.3 2.2 75.5 89.7 98.6 9.6 8.5 103.8  43.4 1,204.4  77.9 
2010 40 0.4 135.1  67.1 70.1 13.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 2.6 10.2 0.7 
Remain 
dutiable  22 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Total  9,569  100.0  201.5  100.0  530.3  100.0  2.9 100.0  91.0 100.0  113.1  100.0  239.0  100.0  1,545.4  100.0  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by EU authorities and WTO -IDB database.  
 
 
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 21 - 
 
  3.10.   Tariff and trade liberalization for the CARIFORUM countries is shown in Tables 3.1A -3.1N. As 
shown in Table 3.1A, 5.3% of Antigua and Barbuda's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 
2010, corresponding to 6% of its imports from the EU in 2005 -2007.11 Following the Agreement's 
provisional application , Antigua and Barbuda liberalized an additional 4.5% of tariff lines 
accounting for 0.1% of its imports from the EU in 2005 -2007. At the end of ten years of 
implementation, 56.5% of Antigua and Barbuda's tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the 
EU. Tariff liberalization continues until 2033 at which point 86.5% of Antigua and Barbuda's tariff 
lines will be duty free, accounting for 80.1% of imports from the EU in 2005 -2007.  
Table 3.1A: Antigua and Barbuda  
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out 
period  Number 
of lines  % of total lines 
in Antigua and 
Barbuda 's 
tariff schedule  Value of Antigua and 
Barbuda 's imports from EU  
(2005 -2007)  
€ million  % of Antigua and 
Barbuda 's total 
imports from  
EU (2005 -2007 ) 
MFN (2010*)  343 5.3 3.9 6.0 
2009 291 4.5 0.1 0.1 
2013 703 10.9 3.5 5.3 
2018 2,306  35.8 7.4 11.3 
2023 1,546  24.0 34.9 53.4 
2028 229 3.6 1.2 1.8 
2033 153 2.4 1.4 2.1 
Remain dutiable  868 13.5 13.0 19.9 
Total  6,439  100.0  65.3 100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
*  MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006) and 0.731 
(2007).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement and import data from the WTO -IDB. 
 
3.11.   As shown in Table 3.1B, 11.2% of the Bahama's tariff lines were duty free on an applied 
rate basis in 2009, corresponding to 44.8% of its imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.12 Following 
the Agreement's provisional application , the Bahamas liberalized an addition al 3.7% of tariff lines 
accounting for 3.6% of its imports from the EU in 2006 -2008. At the end of ten years of 
implementation, 63.4% of the Bahama's tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff 
liberalization continues until 2033 at whic h point 89.2% of the Bahama's tariff lines will be duty 
free, accounting for 84.9% of imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.  
Table 3.1B: Bahamas Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and 
corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out 
period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines 
in Bahamas' 
tariff schedule  Value of Bahamas' 
imports from EU  
(2006 -2008)   
€ million  % of Bahamas' 
total imports 
from EU  
2006 -2008  
Applied rate (2009)  721 11.2 16.5 44.8 
2009 237 3.7 1.3 3.6 
2013 731 11.4 1.8 4.8 
2018 2,387  37.1 4.8 13.0 
2023 1,324  20.6 4.6 12.4 
2028 204 3.2 1.4 3.9 
2033 138 2.1 0.9 2.4 
Remain dutiable  697 10.8 5.6 15.1 
Total  6,439  100.0  36.9 100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO: Applied rates from ITC, MacMap 
(transposed from HS 2007 to HS 2002 using the WCO concordance table), preferential tariffs from 
the Agreement, and import data  from the Authorities and the UNSD, Comtrade database.  
                                                
11 Antigua and Barbuda's tariff (2010) is composed of 6,439 lines of which 99.8% are subject to 
ad valorem  duties. 15 lines are subject to other duties.  
12 The Bahamas tariff (2009) is composed of 6,439 lines of which 99.9% are subject to ad valorem  
duties. Three lines are subject to compound duties.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 22 - 
 
  3.12.   As shown in Table 3.1C, 5.6% of Barbados' tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 
2010, corresponding to 9.2% of its imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.13 Following the 
Agreement's provisional appl ication , Barbados liberalized an additional 57.6% of tariff lines 
accounting for 39.9% of its imports from the EU in 2006 -2008. At the end of ten years of 
implementation, 65.2% of Barbados' tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff 
liberalization continues until 2033 at which point 88.7% of Barbados' tariff lines will be duty free, 
accounting for 79.9% of imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.  
Table 3.1C: Barbados  
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out 
period  Number 
of lines  % of total lines in 
Barbados' tariff 
schedule  Value of Barbados' 
imports from EU  
(2006 -2008)  € million  % of Barbados' 
total imports from 
EU (2006 -2008 ) 
MFN (2010*)  360 5.6 15.1 9.2 
2009 3,712  57.6 65.6 39.9 
2013 35 0.5 0.3 0.2 
2018 98 1.5 0.8 0.5 
2023 1,213  18.8 42.4 25.8 
2028 175 2.7 1.8 1.1 
2033 121 1.9 5.5 3.3 
Remain dutiable  725 11.3 33.1 20.1 
Total  6,439  100.0  164.6  100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
* only MFN2010 is available.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement and import data from the WTO -IDB (2006 -2007) and UNSD, 
Comtrade database (2008).  
 
3.13.   As shown in Table 3.1D, 10% of Belize's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 2008, 
corresponding to 25.6% of its imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.14 Following the Agreement's 
provisional application , Belize liberalized three tariff lines accounting for 0% of its imports from the 
EU in 2006 -2008. At the end of ten years of implementation, 57.7% of Belize's tariff lines will be 
duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff liberalization continu es until 2033 at which point 86.6% of 
Belize's tariff lines will be duty free, accounting for 57.4% of imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.  
Table 3.1D: Belize  
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Belize's tariff 
schedule  Value of Belize's 
imports from EU  
(2006 -2008)  
€ million  % of Belize's 
total imports 
from EU  
2006 -2008  
MFN (2008*)  644 10.0 5.8 25.6 
2009 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 
2013 590 9.1 1.2 5.4 
2018 2,491  38.6 1.7 7.7 
2023 1,497  23.2 3.6 16.1 
2028 209 3.2 0.1 0.6 
2033 154 2.4 0.5 2.1 
Remain dutiable  866 13.4 9.6 42.6 
Total  6,454  100.0  22.6 100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
*  MFN 2009 is available but in HS 2007 nomenclature. MFN2008 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement and import data from the WTO -IDB. 
                                                
13 Barbados' tariff (2010) is composed of 6,439 lines of which 99% are subject to ad valorem  duties. 
35 lines are subject to specific duties, 15 to other duties and 17 lines have no rate.  
14 Belize's tarif f (2009) is composed of 6,454 lines of which 99.3% are subject to ad valorem  duties. 
43 lines are subject to specific duties.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 23 - 
 
  3.14.   As shown in Table 3.1E, 6% of Dominica's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 
2010, corresponding to 20% of its imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.15 Following th e Agreement's 
provisional application , Dominica liberalized an additional 16.4% of tariff lines accounting for 
12.7% of its imports from the EU in 2006 -2008. At the end of ten years of implementation, 58.3% 
of Dominica's tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff liberalization continues 
until 2033 at which point 87.5% of Dominica's tariff lines will be duty free, accounting for 79.2% 
of imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.  
Table 3.1E: Dominica  
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Dominica's tariff 
schedule  Value of 
Dominica's 
imports from EU  
(2006 -2008)  
€ million  % of Dominica's 
total imports 
from EU  
2006 -2008  
MFN (2010*)  388 6.0 3.0 20.0 
2009 1,058  16.4 1.9 12.7 
2013 85 1.3 0.6 4.3 
2018 2,229  34.6 2.1 14.1 
2023 1,514  23.5 3.6 24.0 
2028 206 3.2 0.4 2.7 
2033 153 2.4 0.2 1.4 
Remain dutiable  806 12.5 3.1 20.8 
Total  6,439  100.0  15.0 100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
* only MFN2010 is available.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement and import data from the WTO -IDB (2006 -2007) and UNSD, 
Comtrade database (2008).  
3.15.   As shown in Table 3.1F, 53.5% of the Dominican Republic's tariff lines were duty free on an 
MFN basis in 2009, corresponding to 48.5% of the Dominican Republic's imp orts in 2006 -2008.16 
Following the Agreement's provisional application , the Dominican Republic liberalized an additional 
12.6% of tariff lines accounting for 7% of its imports from the EU in 2006 -2008. At the end of ten 
years of implementation, 75.7% of the  Dominican Republic's tariff lines will be duty free for 
imports from the EU. Tariff liberalization continues until 2033 at which point 91.4% of the 
Dominican Republic's tariff lines will be duty free, accounting for 95.2% of imports from the EU in 
2006-2008. 
Table 3.1F: Dominican Republic  
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Dominican 
Republic's tariff 
schedule  Value of 
Dominican 
Republic's 
imports from  EU 
(2006 -2008)  
€ million  % of Dominican 
Republic's total 
imports from  
EU 
2006 -2008  
MFN (2009)  3,772  53.5 413.6  48.5 
2009 887 12.6 60.0 7.0 
2013 104 1.5 83.5 9.8 
2018 572 8.1 51.4 6.0 
2019 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 
2022 8 0.1 62.5 7.3 
2023 769 10.9 103.7  12.2 
2025 13 0.2 0.0 0.0 
                                                
15 Dominica's tariff (2010) is composed of 6,439 lines of which 99.5% are subject to ad valorem  duties. 
15 lines are subject to oth er duties and 17 lines have no rate.  
16 All of the 7,048 tariff lines in the Dominican Republic's schedule are subject to ad valorem  duties.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 24 - 
 
  Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Dominican 
Republic's tariff 
schedule  Value of 
Dominican 
Republic's 
imports from  EU 
(2006 -2008)  
€ million  % of Dominican 
Republic's total 
imports from  
EU 
2006 -2008  
2027 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 
2028 198 2.8 16.2 1.9 
2033 116 1.6 20.8 2.4 
Remain dutiable  604 8.6 41.3 4.8 
Total  7,048  100.0  853.1  100.0  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation.  
 Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature.  
 Exchange rates EUR per USD used in the calculations are: 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from the Dominican Republic authorities.  
3.16.   As shown in Table 3.1 G, 5.5% of Grenada 's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 
2010, corresponding to 13.9% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007.17 Following the 
Agreement's provisional application , Grenada  liberalized an additional 0.1% of tariff lines 
accounting for 0% of its impo rts from the EU in 200 5-2007. At the end of ten years of 
implementation, 62.4% of Grenada 's tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff 
liberalization continues until 2033 at which point 8 6.5% of Grenad a's tariff lines will be duty free,  
accounting for 7 2.9% of imports from the EU in 200 5-2007. 
Table 3.1G: Grenada   
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Grenada's tariff 
schedule  Value of 
Grenada's 
imports from EU  
(2005 -2007)  
€ million  % of Grenada's 
total imports 
from  EU 
2005 -2007  
MFN (2010*)  351 5.5 10.4 13.9 
2009 6 0.1 0.0 0.0 
2013 750 11.6 7.7 10.3 
2018 2,524  39.2 12.1 16.2 
2023 1,550  24.1 21.4 28.7 
2028 231 3.6 1.9 2.6 
2033 157 2.4 0.9 1.2 
Remain dutiable  870 13.5 20.2 27.1 
Total  6,439  100.0  74.5 100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
*  MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006) and 0.731 
(2007).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement and import data fro m the Grenada authorities . 
 
3.17.   As shown in Table 3.1 H, 9.3% of Guyana's  tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 
2009, corresponding to 33.3% of Guyana's  imports in 2006 -2008.18 Following the Agreement's 
provisional application , Guyana  liberalized an add itional 42.7% of tariff lines accounting for 38.4% 
of its imports from the EU  in 2006 -2008. At the end of ten years of implementation, 62.2% of 
Guyana's tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff liberalization continues until 
2033 at w hich point 86.4% of Guyana's  tariff lines will be duty free, accounting for 90.4% of 
imports from the EU in 2006 -2008.  
                                                
17 Grenada's tariff (2010) is composed of 6,439 lines of which 99.5% are subject to ad valorem  duties. 
One line is su bject to specific duties, 15 lines are subject to other duties and 17 lines have no rate.  
18 All of the 6,306 tariff lines in Guyana's schedule are subject to ad valorem duties.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 25 - 
 
  Table 3.1H: Guyana   
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Guyana's tariff 
schedule  Value of 
Guyana's imports 
from EU  
(2006 -2008)  
€ million  % of Guyana's 
total imports 
from  
EU 
2006 -2008  
MFN (2009)  589 9.3 25.3 33.3 
2009 2,691  42.7 29.1 38.4 
2013 106 1.7 0.2 0.3 
2018 533 8.5 0.7 0.9 
2023 1,204  19.1 11.7 15.4 
2028 195 3.1 0.9 1.2 
2033 144 2.3 0.8 1.0 
Remain dutiable  844 13.4 7.3 9.6 
Total  6,306  100.0  75.9 100.0  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
 Exchange rates EUR per USD used in the calculations are: 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from the Guyana authorities, WTO -IDB and Comtrade database.  
 
3.18.   As shown in Table 3.1 I, 60.2% of Jamaica's  tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 
2007/2008 , corresponding to 56.2% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007.19 Following the 
Agreement's provisional application , Jamaica  liberalized an additional 1.2% of tariff lines 
accounting for 0.6% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007. At the end of ten years of 
implementation, 64.1% of Jamaica's tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff 
liberalization continues until 2033 at which point 88% of Jamaica's  tariff lines will be duty free, 
accounting for 85.8% of imports from the EU in 200 5-2007. 
Table 3.1I: Jamaica   
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Jamaica's tariff 
schedule  Value of 
Jamaica's 
imports from EU  
(2005 -2007)  
€ million  % of Jamaica's 
total imports 
from  
EU 
2005 -2007  
MFN (2007/2008)  3,876  60.2 148.6  56.2 
2009 73 1.1 1.6 0.6 
2013 20 0.3 1.3 0.5 
2018 155 2.4 2.7 1.0 
2023 1,241  19.3 58.5 22.1 
2028 181 2.8 5.5 2.1 
2033 122 1.9 8.8 3.3 
Remain dutiable  770 12.0 37.7 14.2 
Total  6,438  100.0  264.7  100.0  
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
 Exchange rates EUR per USD used in the calculations are: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006) and 0.731 
(2007).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Jamaican authorities.  
                                                
19 Jamaica's tariff (2009) is composed of 6,438 lines all of which are subject t o ad valorem  duties.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 26 - 
 
  3.19.   As shown in Table 3.1 J, 5.6% of St Kitts and Ne vis' tariff lines were duty free on an MFN 
basis in 2010, corresponding to 14.5% of its imports from the EU in 200 6-2008.20 Following the 
Agreement's provisional application , St Kitts and Nevis  liberalized an additional 17.5% of tariff 
lines accounting for 4.4% of its imports from the EU in 200 6-2008. At the end of ten years of 
implementation, 57.9% of St Kitts and Nevis'  tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. 
Tariff liberalization continues until 2033 at which point 86. 6% of St Kitts and Ne vis' tariff lines will 
be duty free, accounting for 76.9% of imports from the EU in 200 6-2008. 
Table 3.1J: St. Kitts and Nevis   
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
St. Kitts and 
Nevis' tariff 
schedule  Value of St. Kitts 
and Nevis' 
imports from EU  
(2006 -2008)  
€ million  % of St. Kitts and 
Nevis' total 
imports from  
EU 
2006 -2008  
MFN (2010*)  362 5.6 2.3 14.5 
2009 1,127  17.5 0.7 4.4 
2013 274 4.3 0.9 5.6 
2018 1,961  30.5 3.1 19.7 
2023 1,498  23.3 4.3 27.8 
2028 212 3.3 0.4 2.8 
2033 142 2.2 0.3 2.1 
Remain dutiable  863 13.4 3.6 23.1 
Total  6,439  100.0  15.6 100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
* MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO u sing MFN from the WTO -IDB, 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement and import data from UNSD, Comtrade and the WTO -IDB. 
 
3.20.   As shown in Table 3.1 K, 39.3% of St Lucia's  tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 
2007/2008 , corresponding to 45.8% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007.21 Following the 
Agreement's provisional application , St Lucia  liberalized an additional 6.3% of tariff lines 
accounting for 0.8% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007. At the end of ten years of 
implementation, 64.3% of St Lucia's  tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff 
liberalization continues until 2033 at which point 88.9% of St Lucia's  tariff lines will be duty free, 
accounting for 75.1% of imports from the EU in 200 5-2007. 
Table 3.1K: St. Lucia   
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
St. Lucia's tariff 
schedule  Value of St. 
Lucia's imports 
from EU  
(2005 -2007)  
€ million  % of St. Lucia's 
total imports 
from EU  
2005 -2007  
MFN (2007/2008)  2,527  39.3 19.7 45.8 
2009 407 6.3 0.3 0.8 
2013 15 0.2 0.0 0.1 
2018 1,190  18.5 1.7 4.0 
2023 1,285  20.0 8.4 19.5 
2028 170 2.6 1.1 2.7 
2033 128 2.0 1.0 2.4 
                                                
20 St Kitts and Nevis' tariff (2010) is composed of 6,439 lines of which 99.4% are subject to ad valorem  
duties. 22 lines are subject to specific duties and 15 lines are subject to other duties.  
21 St Lucia's tariff (2009) is composed o f 6,435 lines of which 99.9% are subject to ad valorem  duties. 
Six lines are subject to specific duties.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 27 - 
 
  Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
St. Lucia's tariff 
schedule  Value of St. 
Lucia's imports 
from EU  
(2005 -2007)  
€ million  % of St. Lucia's 
total imports 
from EU  
2005 -2007  
Remain dutiable  713 11.1 10.7 24.9 
Total  6,435  100.0  43.1 100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006) and 0.731 
(2007).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from St. Lucia authorities.  
 
3.21.   As shown in Table 3.1 L, 8.5% of St Vincent and the Grenadine's  tariff lines were duty free 
on an MFN basis in 2007/2008 , corresponding to 20.4% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007.22 
Following the Agreement's provisional application , St Vincent and the Grenadines  liberalized an 
additiona l two tariff lines accounting for 0% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007. At the end of 
ten years of implementation, 56.7% of St Vincent and the Grenadine's  tariff lines will be duty free 
for imports from the EU. Tariff liberalization continues until 2 033 at which point 86. 5% of St 
Vincent and the Grenadine's  tariff lines will be duty free, accounting for 78.7% of imports from the 
EU in 200 5-2007. 
Table 3.1L: St. Vincent and the Grenadines   
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and correspo nding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
St. Vincent and 
the Grenadine's 
tariff schedule  Value of St. 
Vincent and the 
Grenadine's 
imports from EU  
(2005 -2007)  
€ million  % of St. Vincent 
and the 
Grenadine's total 
imports from  
EU 
2005 -2007  
MFN (2007/2008)  546 8.5 5.1 20.4 
2009 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 
2013 616 9.6 1.9 7.5 
2018 2,485  38.6 4.5 18.1 
2023 1,548  24.0 7.3 29.4 
2028 215 3.3 0.5 1.9 
2033 157 2.4 0.4 1.5 
Remain dutiable  869 13.5 5.3 21.3 
Total  6,438  100.0  24.9 100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006) and 0.731 
(2007).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from St. Vincent and  the Grenadines authorities . 
 
3.22.   As shown in Table 3.1 M, 5.1% of Suriname's  tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis in 
2011, corresponding to 7.1% of its imports from the EU in 200 6-2008.23 Following the 
Agreement's provisional application , Suriname  liberalized an additional 5.6% of tariff lines 
accounting for 4.9% of its imports from the EU in 200 6-2008. At the end of ten years of 
implementation, 58% of Suriname's  tariff lines will be duty free for imports from the EU. Tariff 
liberalization continue s until 2033 at which point 86. 7% of Suriname's  tariff lines will be duty free, 
accounting for 77.7% of imports from the EU in 200 6-2008. 
                                                
22 St Vincent and the Grenadine's tariff (2009) is composed of 6,438 lines of which 99.8% are subject to 
ad valorem  duties. 13 lines are subject to spec ific duties.  
23 Suriname's tariff (2009) is composed of 6,440 lines of which 99.7% are subject to ad valorem  duties. 
15 lines are subject to other duties and one line has no rate.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 28 - 
 
  Table 3.1M: Suriname   
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Suriname's tariff 
schedule  Value of 
Suriname's 
imports from EU  
(2006 -2008)  
€ million  % of Suriname's 
total imports 
from EU  
2006 -2008  
MFN (2011*)  327 5.1 14.2 7.1 
2009 358 5.6 9.7 4.9 
2013 712 11.1 27.0 13.5 
2018 2,333  36.2 47.7 23.9 
2023 1,495  23.2 45.1 22.6 
2028 208 3.2 5.7 2.9 
2033 152 2.4 5.5 2.8 
Remain dutiable  855 13.3 44.4 22.3 
Total  6,440  100.0  199.3  100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
*  MFN 2009 and MFN 2010 are available but in HS 2007 nomenclature. MFN2011 is used as it has the 
same HS 2002 nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.797 (2006), 0.731 (2007) and 0.683 
(2008).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructe d by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement and import data from UNSD, Comtrade . 
 
3.23.   As shown in Table 3.1 N, 61.5% of Trinidad and Tobago's  tariff lines were duty free on an 
MFN basis in 2007/2008 , corresponding to 61.5% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007.24 
Following the Agreement's provisional application , Trinidad and Tobago  liberalized an additional 
0.2% of tariff lines accounting for 0.1% of its imports from the EU in 200 5-2007. At the end of ten 
years of implementation, 64% of Trinidad and Tobago's  tariff lines will be duty free for imports 
from the EU. Tariff liberalization continues until 2033 at which point 87.9% of Trinidad and 
Tobago's  tariff lines will be duty free, accou nting for 91.4% of imports from the EU in 200 5-2007. 
Table 3.1N: Trinidad and Tobago   
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of 
lines  % of total lines in 
Trinidad and 
Tobago's tariff 
schedule  Value of Trinidad 
and Tobago's 
imports from EU  
(2005 -2007)  
€ million  % of Trinidad and 
Tobago's total 
imports from  
EU 
2005 -2007  
MFN (2007/2008)  3,956  61.5 313.3  63.9 
2009 13 0.2 0.4 0.1 
2013 20 0.3 0.4 0.1 
2018 128 2.0 5.2 1.1 
2023 1,239  19.2 116.9  23.9 
2028 180 2.8 3.0 0.6 
2033 121 1.9 8.6 1.8 
Remain dutiable  780 12.1 42.4 8.6 
Total  6,437  100.0  490.3  100.0  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
 Exchange rates EUR per US$ used in the calculations are: 0.804 (2005), 0.797 (2006) and 0.731 
(2007).  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Trinidad and Tobago authorities . 
                                                
24 Trinidad and Tobago's tariff (2009) is composed of 6,437 lines of which 99. 6% are subject to 
ad valorem  duties. 27 lines are subject to specific duties.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 29 - 
 
  3.1.3   Liberalization Schedule by Product  
3.24.   Table 3. 2 shows the EU 's tariff liberalization by HS section. The bulk of lines are liberalized 
upon the Agreement 's provisional app lication , with 40 agricultural products liberalized in 2010. The 
22 lines that remain subject to duties are arms and ammunitions with an average tariff of 2.7%  
(the same as the MFN rates) . 
Table 3.2 European Union: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average
% No. of 
lines  MFN 2009 no. 
of duty -free 
lines  Number of duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable a Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2009  2010  
I 10.3 796 75 721    
II 5.8 526 123 370 33   
III 6.0 124 21 103    
IV 14.1 806 93 706 7   
V 0.9 244 158 86    
VI 4.3 1,200  309 891    
VII 4.8 345 65 280    
VIII 3.0 150 43 107    
IX 2.3 213 99 114    
X 0.0 217 217     
XI 8.0 1,169  39 1,130     
XII 8.0 110 2 108    
XIII 3.9 257 34 223    
XIV 0.7 63 48 15    
XV 1.9 1,003  509 494    
XVI 2.5 1,469  302 1,167     
XVII 4.8 286 31 255    
XVIII 2.5 339 90 249    
XIX 2.2 27 5   22 2.7 
XX 2.6 218 55 163    
XXI 0.0 7 7     
Total  5.0 9,569  2,325  7,182  40 22 2.7 
a Remain dutiable lines belong to HS chapter 93 (Arms and ammunitions; parts and accessories 
thereof).  
Note:  For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate 
rates are included .  
 Based on the HS 20 07 nomen clature.   
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by EU authorities . 
 
3.25.   Table s 3.2A-3.2N show the CARIFORUM countries' tariff liberalization by HS Section. Table 
3.2A shows Antigua and Barbuda's tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 lines are liberalized 
across a range of HS Sections. The 868 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a range of HS 
Sections with the average final dutiable tariff in th ese lines ranging from 9.3% in HS  Section XV to 
37.6% in HS Section XIX. The average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines 
indicating that no reductions of these duties have taken place on a preferential basis (Chart 3.1A).  
Table 3.2A  Antigua and Barbuda : Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2010*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 24.2 321 65 16  33 5 18 12 172 31.4 
II 20.0 400 54 45 2 75 24 30 56 114 33.2 
III 27.0 53    14 8 8 7 16 27.5 
IV 17.8 355 25 1  5 28 22 37 237 21.2 
V 6.2 190 13 93  27 46 10 1   
VI 6.7 959 68 7 30 658 76 6 11 103 15.7 
VII 8.7 246 6 21 35 57 92 23  12 10.4 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 30 - 
 
  HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2010*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
VIII 10.2 84  14 27 11 32     
IX 9.7 124 1 2 8 64 36 6  7 15.0 
X 8.1 172 18 25 13 58 40 3 2 13 19.6 
XI 11.2 961 2 34 80 429 349 2  65 17.9 
XII 16.9 68 1   13 42 12    
XIII 10.3 182 9 1 5 72 73 2 11 9 20.0 
XIV 17.7 62 3   27 18 9 3 2 30.0 
XV 7.5 721 12 30 136 269 195 33 5 41 9.3 
XVI 8.3 890 36  332 293 182 14 8 25 19.8 
XVII 11.3 198 16  8 69 105     
XVIII 10.5 249 9 2 27 113 70 28    
XIX 36.0 24 1       23 37.6 
XX 15.2 172 4   19 117 3  29 18.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  11.3 6,439  343 291 703 2,306  1,546  229 153 868 23.5 
 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
* MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
Chart 3.1A Antigua and Barbuda: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note: Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN 2010 from the WTO -IDB 
(MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature, thus the MFN 2010 is used as it has the same 
HS 2002 nomenclature as the preferential tariffs) and the preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
 
051015202530354045
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 31 - 
 
  3.26.   Table 3.2B shows the Bahama's tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 lines are 
liberalized across a range of HS Sections. The 697 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a 
range of HS Sections with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines ranging from 21.4% to 
44.6%. The average final dutiable t ariffs match the applied rates for these lines indicating that no 
reductions of these duties have taken place on a preferential basis (Chart 3.1B).  
Table 3.2B Bahamas: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
Applied 
Average  
% No. 
of 
lines  Applied 
duty-
free 
lines  
2009  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 20.3 321 84 12  35 11 20 14 145 26.0 
II 21.4 400 91 24 11 89 28 30 47 80 21.4 
III 12.1 53 33   12  1 5 2 35.0 
IV 24.8 355 83 9 7 11 22 18 34 171 28.0 
V 26.9 190 70 2 4 95 9 9 1   
VI 39.2 959 84 32 11 643 71 6 9 103 40.5 
VII 39.1 246 29 1 36 59 88 21  12 44.2 
VIII 37.9 84 13 1 32 20 18     
IX 29.0 124  9 8 58 36 6  7 32.1 
X 37.8 172 9 7 13 81 43 6 1 12 39.6 
XI 36.3 961 11 2 106 435 342 2  63 36.0 
XII 35.7 68    14 42 12    
XIII 41.5 182 9 7 6 72 66 2 11 9 32.2 
XIV 22.9 62 4 15  17 18 5 3   
XV 44.1 721  8 141 295 198 33 5 41 41.5 
XVI 40.6 890 6 63 326 275 173 14 8 25 32.4 
XVII 11.1 198 136 13 3 40 6     
XVIII 32.8 249 33 23 27 114 36 16    
XIX 0.0 24 24         
XX 43.5 172 2 1  22 117 3  27 44.6 
XXI 10.0 8  8        
Total  34.5 6,439  721 237 731 2,387  1,324  204 138 697 31.6 
 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed: Applied rates from ITC, MacMap (transposed from 
HS 2007 to HS 2002 using the WCO concordance table), and the preferential tariffs from the 
Agreement.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 32 - 
 
  Chart 3.1B Bahamas: Average of dutiable rates, by  HS Chapter  
 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO: MFN from ITC, MacMap (transposed 
from HS 2007 to HS 2002 using the WCO concordance table), and the preferential tariffs from the 
Agreemen t. 
 
3.27.   Table 3.2 C shows Barbados'  tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 lines are liberalized 
across a range of HS Section s. The 725 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a range of HS 
Section s with the average final dutiable tariff in these line s ranging from 13.7% to 60%. The 
average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines indicating that no reductions of 
these duties have taken place  on a preferential basis  (Chart 3. 1C). 
Table 3. 2C Barbados : Tariff elimination under the Agree ment, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2010*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 22.1 321 84 38  23 6 19 12 139 33.0 
II 20.0 400 55 138  1 21 30 52 103 36.2 
III 27.0 53  17   8 8 7 13 32.7 
IV 16.8 355 25 73   20 17 21 199 22.9 
V 6.9 190 13 128  2 40 6 1   
VI 6.9 959 66 688 20 18 60 3 11 93 17.2 
VII 8.9 246 6 157   74 4  5 18.0 
VIII 10.5 84  44 7 3 30     
IX 9.7 124 1 76  18 23 2  4 18.8 
X 8.0 172 18 105  1 31 2 1 14 19.6 
XI 11.2 961 2 558  8 335 2  56 20.0 
XII 16.9 68 1 16   40 11    
XIII 10.4 182 9 90  4 65 1 4 9 25.0 
XIV 29.9 62 3 27   18 9 3 2 60.0 
XV 7.5 721 12 566  1 107 18 2 15 13.7 
XVI 7.9 890 36 660 7 9 135 12 7 24 20.4 
XVII 10.5 198 16 102 1 2 77     
XVIII 13.4 249 8 172  5 36 28    
XIX 36.0 24 1       23 37.6 
XX 15.2 172 4 57  3 79 3  26 19.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  11.3 6,439  360 3,712  35 98 1,213  175 121 725 26.2 
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
* Only MFN2010 is available.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement . 
05101520253035404550
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
72
73
76
84
85
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential AppliedWT/REG255/1  
 
- 33 - 
 
  Chart 3. 1C Barbados: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  HS chapter 24 contains combinations of ad valorem  and specific duties.  
 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN 2010 from the WTO-IDB and 
the preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
3.28.   Table 3.2D shows Belize's tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 three lines are 
liberalized. The bulk of liberalization takes place in 2018 and 2023. The 866 lines that remain 
subject to dutie s fall in a range of HS Sections with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines 
ranging from 8.6% to 50%. The average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines 
indicating that no reductions of these duties have taken place on a pref erential basis (Chart 3.1D).  
Table 3.2D Belize: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2008*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 27.2 320 59   48 6 22 12 173 35.7 
II 20.0 400 59  5 101 23 31 60 121 32.1 
III 22.8 53 5   14 8 8 7 11 26.8 
IV 17.9 358 29   5 26 22 37 239 21.5 
V 6.6 192 28 1 3 110 39 10 1   
VI 6.7 959 83 1 19 659 78 4 11 104 15.9 
VII 7.8 246 69 1  72 88 6  10 12.5 
VIII 10.2 84   32 20 32     
IX 11.9 124 1  8 66 36 6  7 23.6 
X 8.2 173 21  11 82 41 3 2 13 23.1 
XI 11.2 962 3  106 437 349 2  65 17.9 
XII 16.2 66 1   13 40 12    
XIII 10.7 183 13  4 70 73 3 11 9 25.0 
XIV 28.0 62 3   27 18 9 3 2 50.0 
XV 6.5 721 124  44 286 190 32 5 40 8.6 
XVI 7.1 893 90  326 280 164 8 5 20 21.3 
XVII 10.5 205 22  5 67 111     
010203040506070
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
*24
28
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 34 - 
 
  HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2008*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
XVIII 12.7 249 29  27 115 50 28    
XIX 28.5 24 1       23 29.8 
XX 15.9 172 4   19 117 3  29 22.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  11.3 6,454  644 3 590 2,491  1,497  209 154 866 24.8 
 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
*  MFN 2009 is available but in HS 2007 nomenclature. MFN2008 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the preferential 
tariffs from the Agreement.  
Chart 3.1D Belize: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  HS chapter 24 contains combination s of ad valorem  and specific duties.  
 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN 2008 from the WTO -IDB and 
the preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
 
3.29.   Table 3.2E shows Dominica's tariff libe ralization by HS section. In 2009 lines are liberalized 
across a range of HS Sections. The 806 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a range of HS 
Sections with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines ranging from 9% to 35%. The average 
final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines indicating that no reductions of these 
duties have taken place on a preferential basis (Chart 3.1E).  
0102030405060
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
*24
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 35 - 
 
  Table 3.2E Dominica: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2010*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. 
Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiabl
e) 
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 20.4 321 108   49 5 18 12 129 32.4 
II 19.9 400 57 58  65 23 30 56 111 33.7 
III 27.0 53  14  2 8 8 7 14 30.7 
IV 18.8 355 25 10  1 24 22 37 236 22.7 
V 6.3 190 13 33  98 38 7 1   
VI 6.9 959 67 78 22 601 72 6 11 102 16.1 
VII 8.7 246 7 79  60 87 5  8 13.1 
VIII 10.5 84  36  16 32     
IX 9.7 124 1 14  62 34 6  7 15.0 
X 8.0 172 18 40  57 39 2 2 14 19.6 
XI 11.2 961 2 188 1 364 348 2  56 20.0 
XII 16.9 68 1 1  13 41 12    
XIII 10.0 182 9 13  65 73 2 11 9 20.0 
XIV 20.2 62 3   27 18 9 3 2 35.0 
XV 7.5 721 12 128 27 283 193 32 5 41 9.0 
XVI 7.8 890 36 321 27 278 181 14 8 25 19.6 
XVII 10.2 198 16 16 4 57 105     
XVIII 11.2 249 8 29 4 112 68 28    
XIX 26.7 24 1       23 27.8 
XX 15.2 172 4   19 117 3  29 18.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  11.1 6,439  388 1,058  85 2,229  1,514  206 153 806 23.9 
 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
* only MFN2010 is available.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
Chart 3.1E Dominica: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN 2010 from the WTO -IDB and 
the preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
 
 
05101520253035404550
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 36 - 
 
  3.30.   Table 3. 2F shows the Dominican Republic 's tariff liberalization by HS secti on. In 2009 lines 
are liberalized across a range of HS Chapters . The 604 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a 
range of HS Chapters with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines ranging from 15.3% to 
25%. The average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines indicating that no 
reductions of duties have taken place (Chart 3.1F).  
Table 3. 2F Dominican Republic : Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
Avg. 
% No. 
of 
lines  
MFN duty -
free lines  
2009  Number of additional duty -free lines under the Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  2009  
2013  
2018  
2019  
2022  
2023  
2025  
2027  
2028  
2033  
I 17.4 403 66 57  33 2 6 14  3 15 21 186 21.7 
II 12.1 447 161 6  73   26   25 56 100 20.0 
III 6.6 67 43 2 1 2   2   5 4 8 25.0 
IV 16.5 355 40 15 13 27   63 13  46 20 118 19.7 
V 2.4 184 132 4 2 18   21   6 1   
VI 2.4 1,138  946 34  45   35   12 5 61 18.1 
VII 7.6 291 122 12  48   77   22  10 15.3 
VIII 9.2 93 43 17 1 6   26       
IX 5.0 130 85 7  3   20   7  8 18.5 
X 6.0 197 121 16  11  2 34   3  10 19.4 
XI 8.3 869 476 278 1 58   50     6 20.0 
XII 16.7 69 8 17  10   31   3    
XIII 9.1 184 81 9 1 14   54   16 4 5 20.0 
XIV 18.1 62  29  30      3    
XV 5.9 680 379 86 1 73   85   24 3 29 19.2 
XVI 3.5 1,081  794 151 2 53   75   1 2 3 18.0 
XVII 8.5 255 62 34 82 28   49       
XVIII 6.2 328 192 78  27   24   7    
XIX 20.0 28            28 20.0 
XX 16.7 180 21 35  13   76   3  32 19.8 
XXI 20.0 7       7       
Total  7.6 7,048  3,772  887 104 572 2 8 769 13 3 198 116 604 20.2 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation .  
Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from the Dominican Republic authorities . WT/REG255/1  
 
- 37 - 
 
  Chart 3.1F Dominican Republic: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Dominican Republic authorities.  
3.31.   Table 3.2G shows Grenada's tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 six lines are 
liberalized. The bulk of liberalization takes place in 2018 and 2023. The 870 lines that remain 
subject to duties fall in a range of HS Se ctions with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines 
ranging from 9% to 35%. The average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines 
indicating that no reductions of these duties have taken place on a preferential basis (Chart 3.1G).  
Table 3.2G Grenada: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2010*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. 
Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiabl
e) 
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 23.8 321 71   49 5 18 12 166 31.7 
II 19.9 400 57 1 7 103 23 31 60 118 32.0 
III 27.0 53    14 8 8 7 16 27.5 
IV 18.5 355 25   5 28 22 37 238 22.1 
V 6.3 190 13  6 112 47 11 1   
VI 6.7 959 68 1 31 658 79 6 11 105 15.8 
VII 8.7 246 6  35 77 93 23  12 10.4 
VIII 10.5 84   32 20 32     
IX 9.7 124 1  8 66 36 6  7 15.0 
X 8.0 172 18 1 13 81 40 3 2 14 19.6 
XI 11.2 961 2  106 437 349 2  65 17.9 
XII 16.9 68 1   13 42 12    
XIII 10.0 182 9  5 73 73 2 11 9 20.0 
XIV 20.2 62 3   27 18 9 3 2 35.0 
XV 7.5 721 12  140 295 195 33 5 41 9.0 
XVI 8.1 890 36  332 293 182 14 8 25 19.8 
XVII 9.9 198 16  8 69 105     
XVIII 11.2 249 8 3 27 113 70 28    
XIX 22.9 24 1       23 23.9 
XX 15.2 172 4   19 117 3  29 18.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  11.3 6,439  351 6 750 2,524  1,550  231 157 870 23.3 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
*  MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based  on tariff data constructed using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the preferential 
tariffs from the Agreement.  
05101520253035
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
28
32
33
34
36
39
44
46
48
56
61
63
69
72
73
76
84
85
93
94
96Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 38 - 
 
  Chart 3.1G Grenada: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff d ata constructed using MFN 2010 from the WTO -IDB (MFN 2009 is 
available but in HS 1996 nomenclature, the MFN 2010 is used having the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs) and the preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
 
3.32.   Table 3. 2H shows Guyana's  tariff liberalization by HS section. The bulk of lines are  
liberalized in 2009 with subsequent liberalization taking place at periodic intervals until 2033 . The 
844 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a range of HS Chapters with the average final 
dutiable tariff in these lines ranging from 7.5% % to 60%. The average final dutiable tariffs match 
the MFN rates for these lines indicating that no reductions of dut ies have taken place  (Chart 3. 1H). 
Table 3. 2H Guyana : Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
Avg. 
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2009  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 28.1 330 58 20  29 6 22 14 181 36.7 
II 20.9 382 49 36 4 70 24 29 57 113 33.7 
III 27.0 53    14 8 8 7 16 27.5 
IV 24.7 359 25 8  5 24 22 37 238 31.3 
V 7.2 187 15 134  10 23 5    
VI 7.1 938 63 679 20 24 48 3 11 90 18.6 
VII 8.9 245 5 141  6 82 6  5 18.0 
VIII 10.5 80  50   30     
IX 10.9 134 1 10 5 59 37 9  13 15.4 
X 7.9 172 20 78  26 29 3 2 14 19.6 
XI 11.1 902 5 199 74 243 317 2  62 17.8 
XII 16.1 60 1 12  2 33 12    
XIII 10.3 186 17 89  2 64 1 4 9 25.0 
XIV 30.9 62 2 28   18 9 3 2 60.0 
XV 7.3 715 23 538  3 108 22 2 19 12.9 
051015202530354045
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 39 - 
 
  HS 
Section  MFN 
Avg. 
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2009  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
XVI 6.7 875 256 427 2 14 132 12 7 25 20.4 
XVII 9.9 198 29 110 1 2 56     
XVIII 13.6 229 16 109  20 57 27    
XIX 7.5 24        24 7.5 
XX 15.0 167 4 23  4 100 3  33 18.5 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  11.9 6,306  589 2,691  106 533 1,204  195 144 844 27.9 
Note:  Based on the HS 20 07 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from the Guyana authorities and WTO -IDB. 
Chart 3.1H Guyana: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Guyana authorities and WTO -IDB. 
3.33.   Table 3.2 I shows Jamaica's  tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 76 lines are 
liberalized. The bulk of liberalization occurs in 2023. The 770 lines that remain subject to duties 
fall in a range of HS Section s with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines ranging from 
13.3% to 39.9%. The average final dutiable tarif fs match the MFN rates for these lines indicating 
that no reductions of these duties have taken place  on a preferential basis  (Chart 3. 1I). 
Table 3. 2I Jamaica : Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN duty -
free lines  
2007/2008  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 26.0 320 81 17  22 6 18 12 164 36.6 
II 19.2 401 190 5  1 21 30 52 102 39.9 
III 25.3 53 18    8 8 7 12 35.0 
IV 17.3 355 72 1   19 20 24 219 22.7 
020406080100120
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 40 - 
 
  HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN duty -
free lines  
2007/2008  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
V 4.2 191 119 14  11 43 4    
VI 3.3 959 775  20 12 49 3 11 89 19.1 
VII 6.0 245 153   5 77 5  5 18.0 
VIII 7.0 84 54    30     
IX 7.2 124 65   26 24 2  7 15.0 
X 5.1 173 125 3   29 2  14 19.6 
XI 8.3 960 559   8 335 2  56 20.0 
XII 15.4 66 12   4 38 12    
XIII 7.5 183 102 3  1 63 1 4 9 15.0 
XIV 17.7 62 3   27 18 9 3 2 30.0 
XV 3.6 721 557 10  2 110 22 2 18 13.3 
XVI 4.1 890 700 1  6 140 12 7 24 20.0 
XVII 7.0 198 129   2 67     
XVIII 8.7 249 130 19  24 48 28    
XIX 20.4 24 4       20 24.5 
XX 14.5 172 28   4 108 3  29 18.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  8.6 6,438  3,876  73 20 155 1,241  181 122 770 26.9 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Jamaican authorities.  
 
Chart 3. 1I Jamaica: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Jamaican authorities.  
 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
 
3.34.   Table 3.2 J shows St Kitts and Nevis'  tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 lines are 
liberalized across a range of HS Section s. The 863 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a 
range of HS Section s with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines ranging from 9.4% to 
05101520253035404550
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 41 - 
 
  37.6%. The average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines indicating that no 
reductions of these duties have taken place  on a preferential basis  (Chart 3. 1J). 
Table 3. 2J St. Kitts and Nevis : Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Sectio n  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2010*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 20.6 321 62   49 5 18 12 175 24.3 
II 19.8 400 55 56 1 61 23 31 60 113 33.2 
III 27.0 53  13  5 8 8 5 14 30.7 
IV 17.2 355 25 25  1 25 21 24 234 20.8 
V 6.2 190 13 112  10 43 11 1   
VI 6.6 959 83 122 17 542 74 6 11 104 15.9 
VII 8.8 246 6 94  46 85 6  9 12.2 
VIII 10.0 84 4 40  8 32     
IX 9.7 124 1 6 6 63 35 6  7 15.0 
X 8.1 172 18 33 12 53 37 3 2 14 19.6 
XI 11.2 961 2 183 13 349 348 2  64 18.1 
XII 16.9 68 1 5  9 42 11    
XIII 10.4 182 9 3 5 70 73 2 11 9 20.0 
XIV 17.4 62 3   27 18 9 3 2 30.0 
XV 7.5 721 14 115 75 249 189 33 5 41 9.4 
XVI 8.2 890 36 216 130 281 180 14 8 25 19.6 
XVII 12.8 198 16 44 1 32 105     
XVIII 10.7 249 9 41 14 87 70 28    
XIX 36.0 24 1       23 37.6 
XX 15.2 172 4 19  19 98 3  29 18.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  11.1 6,439  362 1,127  274 1,961  1,498  212 142 863 22.2 
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
*  MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
 
Chart 3. 1J St. Kitts and Nevis: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  HS chapter 24 contains ad valorem  and specific duties.  
 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN 2010 from the WTO -IDB 
(MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature . MFN 2010 is used as it has  the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs .) and t he preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
051015202530354045
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
*24
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 42 - 
 
  3.35.   Table 3.2 K shows St Lucia's  tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 lines are liberalized 
across a range of HS Section s. The 713 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a range of 
HS Section s with the av erage final dutiable tariff in these lines ranging from 15% to 47.5%. The 
average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines indicating that no reductions of 
these duties have taken place on a preferential basis (Chart 3. 1K). 
Table 3.2 K St. Lucia: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2007/
2008  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 20.7 319 119 43  23  18 12 104 34.0 
II 19.0 400 101 77  41 20 19 48 94 36.4 
III 26.4 53 6 7  4 8 8 7 13 32.7 
IV 20.4 354 35 29  1 20 17 32 220 25.9 
V 5.3 191 68 12  65 42 4    
VI 6.6 959 178 41 14 551 64 3 11 97 19.4 
VII 7.5 245 84 7  67 77 5  5 18.0 
VIII 8.1 84 38 11  8 27     
IX 9.5 124 10 44  36 25 2  7 15.0 
X 5.8 173 98 7  23 30 2  13 19.6 
XI 11.8 960 234 81 1 248 338 2  56 24.4 
XII 18.3 66 6 3  7 38 12    
XIII 9.1 183 58 19  23 66 3 5 9 20.0 
XIV 15.5 62 30    18 9 3 2 30.0 
XV 4.6 721 465 21  58 131 23 3 20 15.0 
XVI 4.6 890 699 3  8 137 12 7 24 23.1 
XVII 8.8 198 136 1   61     
XVIII 8.2 249 132 1  22 66 28    
XIX 39.6 24 4       20 47.5 
XX 15.2 172 26   5 109 3  29 19.1 
XXI 20.6 8     8     
Total  10.1 6,435  2,527  407 15 1,190  1,285  170 128 713 27.2 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from St. Lucia authorities.  
 
Chart 3. 1K St. Lucia: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by St. Lucia authorities.  
 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
 
05101520253035404550
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 43 - 
 
  3.36.   Table 3.2 L shows St Vincent and the Grenadines'  tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 
two lines are liberalized with the bulk of liberalization taking place in 2018 and 2023 . The 869 lines 
that remain subject to duties fall in a range of HS Section s with the average final dutiable tariff in 
these lines ranging from 8.6% to 32.1%. The average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for 
these lines indicating that no reductions of these duties have taken place  on a preferential basis  
(Chart 3. 1L). 
Table 3.2 L St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by 
HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2007/
2008  Number of additional duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  2009  
2013  
2018  
2023  
2028  
2033  
I 20.7 322 68   48 8 18 12 168 25.1 
II 20.1 400 55  7 104 24 31 60 119 32.1 
III 25.7 53    14 8 8 7 16 27.5 
IV 17.7 354 25   5 28 22 37 237 21.1 
V 6.5 191 15  6 110 48 11 1   
VI 6.8 959 68 1 31 658 79 6 11 105 16.7 
VII 7.7 245 67  1 73 88 6  10 11.5 
VIII 10.2 84   32 20 32     
IX 9.8 124 1  8 66 36 6  7 15.0 
X 8.4 173 18  13 82 41 3 2 14 19.6 
XI 11.2 960 2  106 437 348 2  65 17.9 
XII 16.2 66 1   13 40 12    
XIII 10.1 183 9  5 73 73 3 11 9 20.0 
XIV 15.1 62 3   27 18 9 3 2 25.0 
XV 6.8 721 101  63 285 195 32 5 40 8.6 
XVI 7.7 890 83 1 309 268 182 14 8 25 21.6 
XVII 9.8 198 16  8 69 105     
XVIII 11.2 249 9  27 114 70 29    
XIX 23.5 24 1       23 24.6 
XX 15.2 172 4   19 117 3  29 18.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  10.9 6,438  546 2 616 2,485  1,548  215 157 869 22.0 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from St. Vincent and the Grenadines authorities.  
 
Chart 3. 1L St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by St. Vincent and the Grenadines authorities.  
 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
051015202530354045
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 44 - 
 
  3.37.   Table 3.2 M shows Suriname's  tariff liberalization by HS section. In 2009 lines are liberalized 
across a range of HS Section s. The 855 lines that remain subject to duties fall in a range of HS 
Section s with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines ranging from 9% to 40%. The average 
final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines indicating that no reductions of these 
duties have taken place  on a preferential basis  (Chart 3. 1M). 
Table 3. 2M Suriname : Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN 
duty-
free 
lines  
2011*  Number of additional duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 23.5 321 51 3  47 6 22 12 180 27.6 
II 19.8 400 54 7 7 98 24 31 59 120 31.5 
III 27.0 53  4  11 8 8 6 16 27.5 
IV 20.0 355 25 11  5 26 22 37 229 24.7 
V 6.2 190 13 10 5 110 45 6 1   
VI 6.9 959 66 190 31 508 60 2 9 93 16.6 
VII 8.6 246 6 85 1 70 75 6  3 18.3 
VIII 10.2 84   32 20 32     
IX 9.7 124 1  8 66 36 6  7 15.0 
X 8.0 172 18 18 12 70 37 3 1 13 20.0 
XI 11.2 961 2 5 106 437 344 2  65 17.9 
XII 16.9 68 1   13 42 12    
XIII 9.4 183 9 2 5 73 73 1 11 9 10.0 
XIV 22.8 62 3   27 18 9 3 2 40.0 
XV 7.5 721 12 10 140 291 189 33 5 41 9.0 
XVI 7.6 890 36 6 332 287 182 14 8 25 19.0 
XVII 9.8 198 16  8 69 105     
XVIII 11.0 249 9 4 25 113 70 28    
XIX 19.2 24 1       23 20.0 
XX 15.2 172 4 3  18 115 3  29 18.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  11.3 6,440  327 358 712 2,333  1,495  208 152 855 23.4 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
* MFN 2009 and MFN 2010 are available but in HS 2007 nomenclature. MFN2011 is used as it has the 
same HS 2002 nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
Chart 3. 1M Suriname: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN 2011 from the WTO -IDB and 
the preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
0102030405060
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 45 - 
 
  3.38.   Table 3.2 N shows Trinidad and Tobago's  tariff libera lization by HS section. In 2009, 13 lines 
are liberalized. The bulk of liberalization takes place in 2023. The 780 lines t hat remain subject to 
duties fall in a range of HS Section s with the average final dutiable tariff in these lines ranging 
from 13.9% to 35%. The average final dutiable tariffs match the MFN rates for these lines 
indicating that no reductions of these duties have taken place on a preferential basis (Chart 3. 1N). 
Table 3.2 N Trinidad and Tobago: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  
MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  MFN duty -
free lines  
2007/2008  Number of additional duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable
) 2009  2013  2018  2023  2028  2033  
I 24.1 320 77   29 6 18 12 178 30.6 
II 18.1 400 193   6 20 30 51 100 36.9 
III 25.3 53 18    8 8 7 12 35.0 
IV 16.4 355 71 4   19 20 24 217 22.2 
V 4.7 191 146 2  5 35 3    
VI 3.3 959 778  20 9 49 3 11 89 19.1 
VII 6.0 245 153   5 77 5  5 18.0 
VIII 7.0 84 54    30     
IX 7.3 124 64 1  26 24 2  7 15.0 
X 4.7 173 128 3   26 2  14 19.6 
XI 8.3 960 558 1  8 335 2  56 20.0 
XII 15.4 66 12   4 38 12    
XIII 8.2 183 103 1  2 63 1 4 9 25.0 
XIV 15.5 62 30    18 9 3 2 30.0 
XV 3.6 721 567   2 110 22 2 18 13.9 
XVI 4.3 890 699   6 143 11 7 24 20.4 
XVII 6.7 198 139    59     
XVIII 8.6 249 135   22 63 29    
XIX 21.3 24 4       20 25.5 
XX 14.6 172 27 1  4 108 3  29 18.6 
XXI 20.0 8     8     
Total  8.4 6,437  3,956  13 20 128 1,239  180 121 780 25.4 
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Trinidad and Tobago authorities.  
 
Chart 3. 1N Trinidad and Tobago: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Trinidad and Tobago authorities.  
 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
 
051015202530354045
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
28
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
44
46
48
56
61
62
63
69
71
72
73
76
84
85
93
94Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG255/1  
 
- 46 - 
 
  3.1.4   Tariff Rate Quotas  
3.39.   Under the Agreement the Dominican Republic has allocated tariff rate quotas (TRQ) on milk 
powder (HS tariff headings 040210, 040221 and 040229) originating in the EU. The modalities for 
liberal ization are detailed in Table 3.3. The TRQ is not in addition to the commitments made by the 
Dominican Republic in the W TO.  
Table 3.3 Dominican Republic: Tariff -rate quotas for products originating in the EU  
HS Code 
(description)  In quota rate  Out of quota rate  Quantity  
Milk Powder  
040210, 040221, 
040229  20% from July 2008 – June 2018  
18% from July 2018 – June 2019  
16% from July 2019 – June 2020  
11% from July 2020 – June 2021  
5% from July 2021 – June 2022  
0% thereafter  56% ad valorem  22,400 MT annually 
until 30 June 2023. 
Unlimited thereafter.  
Source:  Text of the Agreement.  
 
3.2  Rules of origin  
3.40.   Disciplines regarding rules of origin are set out in Protocol I of the Agreement . Article  1 
contains the definitions of terms used in the Protocol , while Articles  2 to 15 provide the substantive 
rules. Articles 16 -30 contain provisions dea ling with customs procedures . 
3.41.   The basic requirements for a product to be considered originating (Article 2 of Protocol I) 
are:  
a. the product is wholly obtained in one of the Parties; or  
b. the non -originating materials incorporated in a product have undergone sufficient 
working or processing in the Parties, according to specific requirements.25  
3.42.   Originating products made up of materials wholly obtained or sufficiently worked or 
processed in two or more CARIFORUM States are considered as products originating in t he 
CARIFORUM State where the last working or processing took place (Article 1.3 of Protocol I). In 
the case of the products listed in Annex X to Protocol I (which include cane or beet sugar, sugar 
confectionery, cocoa powder, food preparations containing c ocoa, food preparations of flour, 
preparations with a basis of coffee or tea, flavoured or coloured sugar syrups, and preparations 
based on odoriferous substances), the cumulation provision applie d after 1 October 2015; in the 
case of HS tariff heading 100 6 (rice), the provision has been applied since  1 January 2010.  
3.43.   There are no regime -wide rules of origin, but a list of specific criteria that non -originating 
materials should meet so that the final product acquires originating status, as contained in 
Annex II to Protocol I. In most cases , origin is granted if the working or processing carried out on 
non-originating materials results in a change in tariff classification (CTC) at the heading level  of 
the Harmonized System . This rule requires changes from eit her "a heading except that of the 
product"  or from a specific heading or material, as is the case for prepared foodstuffs, wood and 
wood pulp , textiles, footwear, articles of stone and plaster, pearls and base metals. In some cases, 
materials from the same  heading may be allowed, normally within a certain limit (in some 
petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery and miscellaneous manufactured articles) . In a 
few cases, there are headings from which the product cannot be manufactured.  
3.44.   An import cont ent test (MC) can also be provided either to supplement the CTH (some 
prepared foodstuffs, wood pulp, base metals, machinery, transport equipment and measuring and 
musical instruments) or as a standalone rule (for  some vegetables, prepared foodstuffs, chem icals, 
plastics, footwear, machinery and mechanical appliances, transportation equipment, measuring 
                                                
25 For the purposes of determining originating products, the CARIFORUM States are considered as one 
territory under the Agreement.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 47 - 
 
  instruments, arms and ammunition and furniture);26 in the case of chemicals, plastics, machinery 
and mechanical appliances, transportation equipment, measuri ng instruments and furniture the MC 
test is offered as an alternative criteri on;27 the permissible  limit for non -originating materials is 
normally 40 % or 50% , but different thresh olds may apply (ranging from 20 to 50 %). A tec hnical 
test or process rule , requiring that some production processes take place in the territory of the 
Parties, is in place  for some minerals, chemicals, plastics, wood, textiles, hides and skins, glass 
products  and base metals . In the case of textiles and glass products, the technical  test is offered 
as an alternative rule in combination with an import content test. Rules requiring certain materials 
to be obtained in the territory of the Parties  (wholly obtained rules) are used for many processed 
agricultural products.  
3.45.   Article s 3 and 4 provide for cumulation between the Parties and cumulation with the other 
African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states listed in Annex XI to Protocol I and the Overseas 
Countries and Territories (OCT) provided that the materials used have undergone sufficient  
working and processing  beyond the minimal operations described in Article 8 of Protocol I . The 
provisions on cumulation only apply with respect to the OCTs and ACP countries provided that the 
countries involved in the acquisition o f the originating status and the country of destination have 
concluded an agreement on administrative cooperation, the materials and products have acquired 
originating status by the application of the rules of origin identical to those in the Agreement, and  
the Party concerned has provided details of agreements on administrative cooperation with the 
OCTs or ACP states to the other Party. Such notifications are to be published by the Parties.  The 
Parties indicate that in 2015 a derogation was granted to the D ominican Republic to accumulate 
with Haiti in textiles. That derogation was renewed on 7 July 2017 for one year.  
3.46.   In the case of the CARIFORUM States, cumulation of products listed in Annex X of Protocol I 
and rice applied  after 1 October 2015 and 1 January  2010, respectively, and only when materials 
used in the manufacture of such products originate in, or where the working or processing is 
carried out in other ACP states. Cumulation between South Africa and the CARIFORUM States does 
not apply to the produc ts listed in Annex XII to Protocol I originating in South Africa.28 After 
31 December 2009, cumulation between South Africa and the CARIFORUM States applied  to the 
products originating in South Africa listed in Annex XIII of Protocol I.29 
3.47.   Further provision f or cumulation is made in the case of the CARIFORUM States with 
neighbouring developing countries listed in Annex VIII (Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, 
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela). Such materials need not have 
undergone sufficient working or processing provided that the working or processing carried out in 
the CARIFORUM State exceeds minimum working or processing, and the CARIFORUM States, the 
                                                
26 The MC requirement establishes the maximum val ue of non -originating materials allowed in the final 
product, expressed as a percentage of the ex -works price of the product.  
27 Column 3 of Annex II to Protocol I describes the specific rule. When an alternative rule appears in 
column 4, either rule can be  applied.  
28 Such products listed at the HS 8 -digit level include yoghurt; other fermented or acidified milk and 
cream; dairy spreads; edible vegetables; pectic substances; other margarine; fructose; chewing gum; other 
sugar confectionery; cocoa powder; oth er cocoa preparations; food preparations for infant use; pasta; 
prepared foods; bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares; other preparations of vegetables, fruit, 
nuts and other edible parts of plants; miscellaneous edible preparations; water s; vermouth and other wine; 
undenatured ethyl alcohol; cigars; smoking tobacco; acyclic alcohols; essential oils; mixtures of odoriferous 
substances; casein; dextrins; finishing agents; industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids; prepared binders for 
foundry mo ulds; live bovine animals; meat of bovine animals; edible offal; milk and cream; buttermilk; whey; 
butter; cheese and curd; cut flowers; other vegetables; bananas; citrus fruit; apples, pears and quinces; 
maize; rice; grain sorghum; cereal flours, groats a nd grains; starches; wheat gluten; other prepared or 
preserved meat; cane or beet sugar; other sugars; prepared tomatoes; other prepared vegetables; jams; fruit, 
nuts and other edible parts of plants; fruit juices; food preparations; wine; residues and was te from food 
industries; unwrought aluminium; aluminium powders; live fish; fish; crustaceans; molluscs; and stuffed 
pasta.  
29 These include live horses, swine, sheep, goats and poultry; meat of swine, sheep or goats; edible 
offal of poultry; fats; meat and  edible meat offal; milk and cream; buttermilk; whey; cheese and curd; birds' 
eggs; honey; cut flowers; potatoes; cabbages; lettuce; edible roots; cucumbers; leguminous vegetables; other 
vegetables; manioc; nuts; bananas; dates; citrus fruit; grapes; melon s; quinces; apricots; other fruit; fruit and 
nuts; pepper; wheat and meslin; rye; barley; oats; buckwheat; wheat or meslin flour; cereal flours, groats and 
grains; flour; malt; pig fat; soya; olive oil; other oils; sunflower; rape; degras residues; sausage s; other 
prepared or preserved meat; other sugars; pasta; mushrooms, jams; fruit juices; other food preparations; 
wine; other fermented beverages; bran; oilcake; preparations used in animal feeding; and unmanufactured 
tobacco.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 48 - 
 
  EU and the neighbouring developing countries concerned have concluded an  agreement on 
administrative cooperation which ensures a correct implementation of Article 4 of Protocol I .30 The 
Parties agree to notify the Special Committee on Customs Cooperation and Trade Facilitation of the 
products to which the cumulation provisions with neighbouring developing countries do not 
apply .31  
3.48.   The definition of wholly obtained products is contained in Article 6. Vessels and factory ships 
are defined as those that are registered and sail under the flag of one of the EU or CARIFORUM 
Member States and which have an ownership of  at least 50% by nationals of an EU or CARIFORUM 
Member State, or are owned by companies which have their head office and main place of 
business in an EU or CARIFORUM Member State and which have an ownership of  at least 50 % by 
an EU or CARIFORUM Member State, their public entities or nationals.  
3.49.   Article 7.2 of Protocol I provides for an  "absorption principle " - i.e. when a non -originating 
material acquires originating status by meeting the corresponding processing requirement, this 
material is considered to be 100% originating once incorporated into a final product.  
3.50.   The "tolerance rule" in Article 7.3 provides that when the value of all non -originating 
materials that do not undergo the required condition  does not ex ceed 1 5% of the ex-works price of 
the good and the maximum value of non -originating materials (when expressed in a percentage) is 
not exceeded, such materials may be used in the manufacture of a given product.  
3.51.   Article 8 lays down a list of insufficient wor king or processing operations that do not confer 
origin, whether or not the product meets the tolerance rule. Article 9 defines the unit of 
qualification to be used when determining classification using the HS  nomenclature; Articles 10 -12 
deal with how cer tain materials ( accessories, spare parts or tools , sets, and neutral elements) are 
to be treated or valued when determining the origin of the goods.  
3.52.   Article  13 of Protocol I establishes that outward processing is not allowed unless certain 
conditions are f ulfilled. These conditions allow retention of originating status provided that , except 
in case of cumulation, it can be demonstrated that the returning goods are the same as those 
exported and that they have not undergone any operation beyond that necessar y to preserve 
them in good condition. Non -compliance with these conditions will result in the loss of originating 
status. Articles 14 and 15 deal respectively with the transport of goods and goods sent for 
exhibitions.  
3.53.   There is no prohibition o n duty drawb ack in the Agreement.  
3.54.    The Parties agree to review the provisions of Protocol I within the first five years of the 
entry into force of the Agreement with a view to further simplifying the concepts and methods 
used for the purpose of determining origin in the light of the development needs of the 
CARIFORUM States (Article 10).32  
3.3  Export duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  
3.55.   The Parties agree not to apply customs duties on exports of originating goods of the 
CARIFORUM States or the EU (Article 14) . Guyana and Suriname may continue to apply export 
duties on a number of goods but agree to eliminate them within three years of the signature of the 
Agreement, i.e. by October 2011 (Table 3.4).33  
 
 
 
                                                
30 The Parties indicate that the provisions on cumulation with neighbouring countries and on the rules of 
origin review have not yet been activated.  
31 The Parties indicate that this has not happened.  
32 The Parties indicate that the provisions of Protocol I h ave not yet been reviewed.  
33 Guyana's export duties on precious stones, bauxite, unrefined cane sugar, greenheart, aquarium fish 
and molasses have been removed under the Agreement.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 49 - 
 
  Table 3.4 List of Products for which Suriname  maintain s export restrictions  
Product/Description  Export Duty  
Round not 
stripped of bark  Stripped of bark on 
square form  
4403.10.00 Wood in the rough, treated with paint   5% 
4403.10.10 Of coniferous species   5% 
4403.10.20 Of mahogany   5% 
4403.10.90 Of other non -coniferous species   5% 
4403.20.00 Other, coniferous   5% 
4403.41.00 Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti and Meranti 
Bakau  20% 10% 
4403.49.10 Mahogany  20% 10% 
4403.49.90 Other  20% 10% 
4403.99.10 Of greenheart  20% 10% 
4403.99.90 Other  20% 10% 
4404.10.10 Split poles, piles, pickets, stakes and sticks  5%  
4404.10.90 Other  5%  
4404.20.10 Split poles, piles, pickets, stakes and sticks, of 
greenheart  5%  
4404.20.20 Split poles, piles, pickets, stakes and sticks, of 
other wood  5%  
4404.20.90 Other  5%  
4406.10.00 Railway sleepers, not impregnated  5%  
4406.90.00 Other  5%  
Source:  WTO Secretariat, based on the text of the Agreement.  
 
3.56.   The Parties may not maintain any export prohibitions in the form of  quotas, export licenses 
or other measures as of the date of entry into force of the Agreement and no new such measures 
may be introduced (Article 26).  
3.4  Regulatory  provisions on trade in goo ds 
3.4.1   Standards  
3.4.1.1   Technical  Barriers to Trade  
3.57.   Chapter 6 of the Agreement deals with technical barriers to trade (TBT). The Parties affirm 
their rights and obligations under the WTO TBT Agreement  and are committed to facilitating trade 
in goods by preventing and  eliminating unnecessary barriers to trade caused by technical 
regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures , and increasing capacity to ensure 
compliance with international standards and with each other's technical regulations and standards.  
Further provisions of the Chapter relate to regional collaboration and integration, transparency, 
exchange of information and consultation, and cooperation.  
3.4.1.2   Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures  
3.58.   Chapter 7 of the Agreement deals with sanitary and phytosanita ry measures (SPS). The 
Parties affirm their rights and obligations under the WTO SPS Agreement, the International Plant 
Protection Convention (IPPC), the CODEX Alimentarius and the World Organization for Animal 
Health (OIE).  They commit to facilitate trade  while maintaining and increasing the capacity of the 
Parties to protect plant, animal and public health; improv e capacity to identify, prevent and 
minimize trade disruptions; assist the CARIFORUM States in establishing harmonized intra -regional 
SPS measur es with a view to facilitating the recognition of equivalence of such measures in the 
EU; and assist CARIFORUM States in ensuring compliance with the EU's SPS measures. Further 
provisions of the Chapter relate to the designation of competent authorities re sponsible for the 
implementation of SPS measures, regional collaboration and cooperation through which the Parties 
agree on the importance of the harmonization and recognition of equivalence of SPS measures, 
transparency, the exchange of information and co nsultation and cooperation.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 50 - 
 
  3.4.2   Safeguard mechanisms  
3.4.2.1   Global  safeguard measures  
3.59.   The Parties retain the right to adopt safeguard measures in accordance with Article  XIX of 
GATT 1994, the WTO Agreement on Safeguards  and Article 5 of the WTO Agreement on 
Agriculture  (Article 24) . The EU shall exclude imports from the CARIFORUM States from all 
measures taken under these provisions for a period of five years starting from the date of entry 
into force of the Agreement. Not later than 120 days before the end o f this period, the Joint 
CARIFORUM -EU Council shall review these provisions to determine whether to extend their 
application for a further period.34 The origin of the products concerned is to be determined in 
accordance with the non -preferential rules of or igin of the Parties. Global safeguard actions are not 
subject to the dispute settlement provisions of the Agreement.   
3.4.2.2   Bilateral  safeguard measures  
3.60.   Article 25 of the Agreement  sets out the conditions and procedures for the adoption of 
bilateral safeguard me asures if a product originating in one Party is imported in to the other Party's 
territory in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause: 
(a) serious injury to domestic industr y producing like or directly competitiv e products ; (b) sectoral 
disturbances  that produce  major social problems  or economic difficulties ; or (c) disruption in the 
market for similar or competitive  agricultural products markets or of mechanism s that regulate 
those markets.  
3.61.   Bilateral safeguard me asures shall not exceed what is strictly necessary to prevent or 
remedy the serious injury or disruption and may consist  only of one or more of the following: (a) 
suspension of any further reduction of the rate of import duty for the product concerned;  (b) 
increase in the customs duty on the product concerned up to a level which does not exceed the 
customs duty applied for other WTO Members;  and (c) introduction of tariff rate quotas on the 
product concerned  (Article  25.3) . 
3.62.   In the event  that a product originating in the CARIFORUM States is imported in such 
increased quantities as to  cause or threaten to cause the situation described above in one or more 
of the EU's "outermost regions" , the EU may take "surveillance" or "safeguard" measur es as 
provided for in Article 25.4 and which should be limited to the region  concerned. The status of the 
outermost regions is regulated under Article 239. 
3.63.   Paragraph 5(b) of Article 25 contains an infant industry provision for the CARIFORUM States  
which is applicable for a period of up to ten years  from the Agreement's date of entry into force 
with no possibility of extension.  
3.64.   Bilateral safeguard measures must be of limited duration (two years , renewable for a 
further period of no more than two years ), and must not exceed what is necessary to remedy or 
prevent the serious injury or disturbances. Unless otherwise provided by the EPA Committee, no 
safeguard measures may be applied to a product already subject to such measure for a period of 
at least one year f rom the date of expiry of th e measure ( Article 25. 6). Where a signatory 
CARIFORUM State applies a safeguard measure or where the EU applies a measure limited to the 
territory of one or more of its outermost regions, the maximum duration is four  years renew able 
for a further period of no more than four years . Article 25. 7 defines the procedure for application 
of safeguard measures. Article  25.8 provides for provisional  measures in urgent situations. 
Bilateral safeguard measures adopted under the Agreement ar e not subject to WTO dispute 
settlement provisions.  
3.65.   In the event that compliance with the provisions of the Agreement leads to problems with 
the availability of, or access to, foodstuffs or other products essential to ensure food security, the 
CARIFORUM St ates may take safeguard measures following the procedures for bilateral safeguards 
outlined above (Article 40).  
                                                
34 The Parties indicate that the Agreement has not yet entered into force (p ending ratification by some 
countries) and thus the five year period has not yet been reached.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 51 - 
 
  3.4.3   Anti-dumping and countervailing measures  
3.66.   The Agreement  permit s the EU or signatory CARIFORUM States, individually or collectively, 
to adopt anti-dumping or countervailing measures in accordance with relevant WTO Agreements 
(Article 23).  Before imposing definitive AD or CVD duties, the EU must consider constructive 
remedies as provided for in the relevant WTO agreements . For the purpose of anti -dumping and 
countervailing  measures, the origin of the product is determined in accordance with the 
non-preferential rules of origin of the Parties. The EU shall notify the exporting CARIFORUM States 
of the receipt of a properly documented complaint befor e initiating any investigation. The 
provisions on anti -dumping and countervailing measures are  not subject to the dispute settlement 
provisions of the Agreement.  
3.4.4   Subsidies  and State -aid 
3.67.   The provisions on national treatment on internal taxation and regulati on shall not prevent 
the payment of subsidies exclusively to national producers, including payments to national 
producers derived from the proceeds of internal taxes of charges applied consistently with the 
provisions of Article 27 and subsidies effected t hrough governmental purchases of domestic 
products (Article 27.4).  
3.68.   Article 28 prohibits the Parties from introducing any new subsidy program which is 
contingent upon export nor may they increase any existing subsidy on agricultural products which 
are desti ned for the territory of the other Party. For any products covered by Annex I of the WTO 
Agreement on Agriculture for which the CARIFORUM States have committed to the elimination of 
customs duties the EU agrees to phase out all existing subsidies granted u pon the export of that 
product to the territory of the CARIFORUM States.35  
3.4.5   Customs -related  procedures  
3.69.   The general disciplines on customs and trade facilitation are set out in Chapter 4, in which 
the Parties agree to promote customs and administrative coope ration through the exchange of 
information concerning customs legislation and procedures, developing joint initiatives in mutually 
agreed areas, establishing wherever possible, common positions in international organizations in 
the field of customs such as  the WTO and the World Customs Organization (WCO), and promoting 
coordination among related agencies (Article 30). The Parties agree to provide mutual 
administrative assistance in customs matters in accordance with the provisions of Protocol II of the 
Agreement.  
3.70.   The Parties agree to draw upon international instruments and standards applicable in the 
field of customs and trade, including the substantive elements of the revised Kyoto Convention on 
the simplification and harmonization of customs procedures, th e WCO Framework of Standards to 
Secure and Facilitate Global Trade, the WCO data set and the HS Convention (Article 31). The 
Agreement on the Implementation of Article VII of the GATT 1994 governs customs valuation rules 
applie d to the Parties' trade (Arti cle 33).  
3.71.   Customs procedures related to rules of origin are detailed in Articles 16 -30 of Protocol I and 
Protocol II. Articles 16 -30 lay out the administrative requirements and disciplines regarding proof 
of origin. Proof of origin is to be issued by the ex porting authorities at the request of the exporter. 
Annexes III to V contain samples of the EUR.1 Movement Certificate, the invoice declaration, and 
supplier's declaration, respectively. Protocol II contains provisions relating to mutual 
administrative ass istance in customs matters, in particular with respect to mutual assistance, 
execution of requests and information exchange and confidentiality.  
3.4.6   Customs  and administrative cooperation  
3.72.   The Parties agree to reduce, simplify and standardize data and document ation, simplify 
requirements and formalities wherever possible in respect of the rapid release and clearance of 
goods, provide "efficient, prompt, non -discriminatory and easily accessible" procedures enabling 
the right of appeal, and ensure that the highes t standards of integrity are maintained  (Article 31) . 
                                                
35 The EU indicates that it grants no export subsidies on these products.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 52 - 
 
  All legislation, procedures and fees and charges are to be made publicly available, as far as 
possible through electronic means.  The Agreement on the Implementation of Article VII of the 
GATT 1994 gover ns customs valuation rules applied to trade between the Parties (Article 33).  
3.73.   A Special Committee on Customs Cooperation and Trade Facilitation is established and is  
responsible for supervising the implementation and administration of Chapter  4's provisio ns as well 
as the implementation of rules of origin.  
3.4.7   Special provisions on administrative cooperation  
3.74.   Article 20 provides for the temporary suspension of preferential treatment in case of lack of 
administrative cooperation and/or irregularities or fraud. Lack of administrative cooperation occurs 
when a Party  repeatedly : (i) fails to comply with the obligation to verify the origin of a product; 
(ii) refuses to conduct subsequent checks of proof of origin and to communicate their results, or 
does so with und ue delay; or (iii) refuses to grant authorization for a dministrative  cooperation 
mission s to check the authenticity of documents or the accuracy of information relevant to the 
application of preferential treatment.  
3.75.   When a Party obtains proof of a lack of administrative cooperation and/or irregularities or 
fraud, it must notify the EPA Committee and publish a notice in the Official Journal in order to 
inform importers. Consultations between the Parties will be held in the EPA Committee. If no 
accept able solution is found in the three months following the notification, the Party concerned 
may temporarily suspend the application of preferential treatment to imports from the other Party. 
Temporary suspension should not exceed a renewable period of six months  which may be 
renewed .  
3.76.   In an attempt to find an acceptable solution in such cases, the Parties may have recourse to 
a mediator whose opinion is to be provided within a period of three months (Article 20 bis). 
Article  21 provides the possibility for a dopting appropriate measures in case of administrative 
errors. If the competent authorities of a Party make an error in the proper management of the 
preferential scheme which has consequences in terms of import duties, the affected Party may ask 
the EPA Co mmittee to examine the possibility of adopting appropriate measures in order to 
remedy the situation.  
3.4.8   The Protocol on Mutual Administrative Assistanc e in Customs Matters  
3.77.   Protocol II of the Agreement on mutual administrative assistance in customs matters 
obliges the Parties to provide mutual assistance, either upon request or at their own initiative. In 
the first case, the requested authority must provide the applicant Party with information on 
whether a good has been properly imported to or exported from th e Parties' territories. It must 
also ensure the surveillance of persons, goods and/or means of transport which could be in breach 
of customs legislation (Article 3, Protocol II). In case of spontaneous assistance, a Party may 
decide to provide information that it considers to be necessary for the correct application of 
customs legislation (Article 4, Protocol II).  
3.78.   According to Article 7 of the Protocol, the requested authority may act upon the request of 
other authorities or on its own by supplying informa tion already in its possession, by carrying out 
enquires or by arranging for them to be carried out. Authorized officers from one of the Parties 
may also be present at enquires carried out in other Party's territory. The Parties may refuse or 
subject to ce rtain conditions the provision of assistance if they consider that such assistance may: 
(a) prejudice the sovereignty of a CARIFORUM State or an EU Member State; (b)  prejudice public 
policy, security or other essential interests; or (c) disclose an industr ial, commercial or 
professional secret (Article 9, Protocol II).  
3.5  Sector -specific provisions on trade in goods  
3.5.1   Agriculture and Fisheries  
3.79.   Chapter 5 is devoted to agriculture and fisheries. The Parties recognize the economic and 
social importance of activitie s relating to fisheries and the utilization of living marine resources of 
the CARIFORUM States and the need to maximize those benefits to promote food security, WT/REG255/1  
 
- 53 - 
 
  employment, poverty alleviation, foreign exchange earnings and the social stability of fishing 
communities. They recognize the need to avoid major disruption of markets for agricultural, food 
and fish products in CARIFORUM States. They acknowledge that the removal of barriers to trade 
between the Parties may pose significant challenges to CARIFORUM producers in the agricultural, 
food and fisheries sectors and to consumers and agree to consult with each other.  
3.80.   Where compliance with the provisions of the Agreement leads to food security issues in a 
CARIFORUM State and causes major difficulties, that St ate may take appropriate measures in 
accordance with the Agreement's bilateral safeguard mechanism  (Article 40) .  
3.81.   The Parties agree to exchange information and cooperate to improve the sector's 
competitiveness and to develop export marketing capabilities.  
3.5.2   Sugar  
3.82.    The Agreement  liberalizes to a large extent the EU sugar market for imports from 
CARIFORUM countries . Until 30 September 2009, EU sugar imports from the signatory CARIFORUM 
States (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago) were regulated by  Protocol 3 of 
Annex V to the Cotonou Agreement (the "Sugar Protocol").  
3.83.   From 1 October 2009, imports of sugar originating in the CARIFORUM States were 
liberalized. During the period 1 October 2009 to 30 September 2015, the EU implement ed a 
transitional sa feguard mechanism  on tariff heading 1701 permitting an increase in  duties up to the 
applied MFN rate if sugar was imported in excess of the following levels (expressed in white sugar 
equivalent), which were  deemed to cause a disruption in the EU sugar market: 3.5 million tonnes 
in a marketing year for such products originating in all ACP States signatories to the Cotonou 
Agreement (LDC and non -LDC); and 1.38 million tonnes in marketing year 2009/2010 for suc h 
products originating in non LDC ACP countries. Such quota increase d to 1.45 million tonnes in 
marketing year 2010/2011 and to 1.6 million tonnes in the following four marketing years.  
Imports of tariff heading 1701 from LDC CARIFORUM States were not subj ect to the sugar 
safeguard mechanism  but remained subject to the Agreement's bilateral safeguard mechanism . 
The imposition of the applied MFN duty cease d at the end of the marketing year during which it 
was introduced. The adoption of safeguard measures on  imports of sugar must be notified to the 
CARIFORUM -EU Trade and Development Committee (Article 5  of Annex II ).36  
3.84.   As of 1 October 2015, with regard to the application of the Agreement's bilateral safeguard 
mechanism , disturbances in the markets of products  of tariff heading 1701 may be deemed to 
arise in situations where the EU market price of white sugar falls during two consecutive months 
below 80% of the average EU market price for white sugar prevailing during the previous 
marketing year (Article 6  of Annex II ). 
3.85.   During 1 January 2008 and 30 September 2015, the EU could  also apply a "surveillance 
mechanism" on specific products containing sugar, mainly sweets, chocolate preparations and 
syrups (Article 7  of Annex II ). This mechanism was aimed at checking whether "cumulative" 
imports of one or more of those products ha d increased by more than 20% in volume during 
12 consecutive months compared to annual average imports over the previous three 12 month 
periods. When the above mentioned level was reached, the  EU would  analys e the pattern of trade, 
the economic justification and the sugar content of such products and if it conclude d that such 
imports were used to circumvent  the tariff rate quota on sugar , it could  suspend the preferential 
treatment and reintrod uce the specific MFN duty applied on those imports originating in 
CARIFORUM States.37  
3.86.   The Agreement provides that b etween 1 October 2009 and 30 September 2012 no 
preferential import licence was granted unless the importer undert ook to purchase sugar at a p rice 
not lower than 90% of the reference price set by the EU for the relevant marketing year (Article 8  
of Annex II ).  
                                                
36 The Parties indicate that the sugar safeguard was not used.  
37 The Parties indicate that the surveillance mechanism for sugar was not used.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 54 - 
 
  3.87.   Imports of sugar from the CARIFORUM States into the French outermost regions  are not 
liberalized for ten years  from the date of signature  of the Agreement  extendable by a further ten 
years unless the Parties agree otherwise (Article 9  of Annex II ). 
4  PROVISIONS  ON TRADE IN SERVICES  AND INVESTMENT  
4.1  Scope and definitions  
4.1.  Title II of the Agreement – Investment, Trade in Services and E -Commerce – is divided into 
seven chapters . Chapter 1 sets out general provisions. Chapter 2 contains disciplines on 
commercial presence (in services and non -services sectors), Chapter 3 covers  cross-border supply 
of services ( including modes 1 and 2 of the GATS), and Chapter 4 deals with the temporary 
movement of persons. Chapter 5 contains regulatory provisions on certain services sectors, while 
Chapters 6 and 7 address electronic commerce and  cooperation  issues, respectively.  
4.2.  The provisions of Title II do not apply to government procurement, subsidies, nor to 
measures affecting natural persons seeking access to the employment market of the Parties, 
measures regarding citizenship, residence or  employment on a permanent basis (Article 60). 
Measures "adopted or maintained" by the Parties refers to measures taken by central, regional or 
local governments and non -governmental bodies in the exercise of powers delegated by central, 
regional or local governments or authorities (Article 61). A natural person of the Parties is defined 
as a national of one of the Member States of the European Union or of the CARIFORUM States .38 In 
order to be considered a "juridical person of a Party", the juridical person  should engage in 
"substantive business operations" in the territory of the Parties (Article 61). Shipping companies 
established outside the Parties and controlled by nationals of the Parties will benefit from the 
provisions of the Agreement if their vesse ls are registered in accordance with their respective 
legislation and carry the flag of one of the Parties.  
4.3.  Further definitions relating to commercial presence, cross -border supply of services, and 
temporary presence of natural persons – contained in Chapt ers 2 to 4 of Title II, respectively – are 
modelled upon the GATS. Commercial presence is defined in Article 65 as "any type of business or 
professional establishment through the constitution, acquisition or maintenance of a juridical 
person, or the creati on or maintenance of a branch or representative office within the territory of 
the EU Party or of the Signatory CARIFORUM States for the purpose of performing an economic 
activity" which is a broader definition than in the GATS where the purpose is limited  to the supply 
of a service. An economic activity does not include activities carried out in the exercise of 
governmental authority.  
4.4.  The Chapter on commercial presence does not apply to the mining, manufacturing and 
processing of nuclear materials, the pr oduction of or trade in arms, munitions and war material, 
audio -visual services, national maritime cabotage and national and international air transport 
services, whether scheduled or non -scheduled, and services directly related to the exercise of 
traffic rights, other than aircraft repair and maintenance services, the selling and marketing of air 
transport services, computer reservation services, and other ancillary services (Article 66).  
4.5.  The Chapter on cross -border supply of services applies to the supply of services in modes 1 
and 2 of all services except audio -visual services, national maritime cabotage, and national and 
international air transport services, whether scheduled or non -scheduled, and services directly 
related to the exercise of traffic rights, other than aircraft repair and maintenance services, the 
selling and marketing of air transport services, computer reservation system services, and other 
ancillary services. The Chapte r does not apply to services supplied in the exercise of governmental 
authority.  
4.6.  Computer services, courier services, telecommunications services, financial services, 
international maritime transport services, and tourism services are subject to additiona l regulatory 
provisions outlined in Sections 2 to 7, respectively, of Chapter 5.  
                                                
38 The definition of natural persons does not include permanent residents.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 55 - 
 
  4.7.  The Parties agree to cooperate and take measures necessary to prohibit investors from 
generating advantages by means of corruption or not acting in accordance with core inter national 
labour and environmental standards (Article 72).  
4.2  Denial of benefits  
4.8.  Article 61(e) states that should the juridical person only have its registered office or central 
administration  in the territory of the Parties , it shall not be  considered as a j uridical person of the 
Parties and thus is denied the benefits of the Agreement , unless it engages in "substantive 
business operations ". The Agreement specifies that the EU understands that "substantive business 
operations" is equivalent to the concept of an "effective and continuous link" with the economy of 
a Member State, which is enshrined in Article 54 of the TFEU. 
4.3  Market access  
4.9.  Articles 67 and 76 contain a market access provision (with regard to commercial presence 
and cross -border supply of services, respectively) which is generally modelled on GATS  Article XVI, 
and which binds the Parties to grant each other treatment no less f avourable than that provided 
for in their schedules of commitments contained in Annex IV of the Agreement.  
4.4  National and MFN treatment  
4.10.   Articles 68 and 77 contain a similar obligation as GATS Article XVII, whereby the Parties 
commit themselves, for the sect ors inscribed in Annex IV, and subject to the conditions set out 
therein, to grant "commercial presences and investors" (in the case of commercial presence) and 
services and services suppliers (in the case of cross -border supply of services) of the other P arty 
treatment no less favourable than that granted to their own like commercial presences and 
investors and services and services suppliers. Treatment that does not modify the conditions of 
competition between a Party's own investors and services supplier s, and those of the other Party, 
and may be achieved by granting either formally identical or formally different treatment , is 
considered no less favourable treatment . The Parties also recognize that they shall not be required 
to compensate for any inheren t competitive disadvantage that can arise from the foreign character 
of the relevant commercial presences and investors as well as services and/ or services suppliers.  
4.11.   Articles 70 and 79 provide for the Parties to accord treatment no less favourable than t he 
most favourable treatment applicable to commercial presences , investors , services and services 
suppliers of any third country with whom they conclude an economic integration agreement (EIA) 
after the signature of the Agreement. In the case of the CARIFO RUM Parties, MFN treatment is 
limited to any "major trading economy".39 In cases  where more favourable treatment would be 
granted to such a major trading economy , the Parties shall enter into consultations to decide 
whether the signatory CARIFORUM State may  deny that treatment to the EU. 
4.12.   When a Party or a signatory CARIFORUM State concludes a regional EIA creating an internal 
market or requiring th e parties thereto to significantly approximate their legislation with a view to 
removing non -discriminatory obst acles to commercial presence or trade in services, the treatment 
granted to investors and services suppliers of third countries in sectors subject to the internal 
market and the significant approximation of legislation is not subject to the MFN obligation of the 
Agreement.40 In addition, the MFN obligation does not apply to treatment granted under measures 
providing for recognition of qualifications, licences or prudential measures in accordance with 
Article  VII of the GATS or its Annex on Financial Services , under any international agreement 
relating wholly or mainly to taxation, or under measures subject to an MFN exemption listed in 
accordance with Article  II.2 of the GATS  (Article 79) . 
                                                
39 A "major trading economy" is defined as any developed country, or any country accounting for a 
share o f world merchandise exports above 1% in the year before the entry into force of the EIA, or any group 
of countries acting individually, collectively or through an EIA accounting collectively for a share of world 
merchandise exports above 1.5% in the year b efore the entry into force of the EIA (Article 70.4).  
40 At the time of signature of the Agreement, the European Economic Area, pre -accession agreements to 
the European Union, the CARICOM Single Market and Economy, and the CARICOM -Dominican Republic FTA 
were deemed to fall under this exception.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 56 - 
 
  4.13.   Article 71 clarifies that the Agreement does not limit the rights of i nvestors of the Parties to 
benefit from any more favourable treatment provided for in any existing or future international 
agreement relating to investment between EU Member States and the CARIFORUM States.  
4.5  Movement of natural persons  
4.14.   Chapter 4 of Title I I lays out the provisions applying to the temporary presence of natural 
persons for business purposes for the categories of key personnel, graduate trainees, business 
services sellers, contractual services suppliers (CSS), independent professionals (IP) an d short 
term visitors for business purposes (Article 80). Key personnel comprise business visitors (BV) and 
intra-corporate transfers (ICTs) which, in turn, are composed of managers and specialists.  
4.15.   In the case of key personnel and graduate trainees, Arti cle 81 specifies that for every sector 
liberalized for mode 3, the Parties shall allow investors of the other Party to employ key personnel 
or graduate trainees in their commercial presences and may not maintain or adopt limitations on 
the total number of natural persons employed as key personnel and graduate trainees in the form 
of numerical quotas or a requirement of an economic needs test, unless otherwise specified in the 
Agreement.  
4.16.   The Agreement provides for the Parties to allow investors of the other  Party to employ 
graduate trainees (defined as natural persons who have been employed for at least one year in the 
juridical person, possess a university degree and are temporarily transferred to the other Party for 
career development purposes or to obtain  training in business techniques or methods), subject to 
any reservations contained in Annex IV for a period of one year (Article 81).   
4.17.   In the case of contractual services suppliers and independent professionals, the Parties 
reaffirm their respective oblig ations arising from their commitments under the GATS as regards 
the entry and temporary stay of CSS and IP (Article 83 ). 
4.18.   In the case of short term visitors for business purposes, the Parties agree to facilitate the 
entry and temporary stay in their territo ries in the following activities: research and design; 
marketing research; training seminars; trade fairs and exhibitions: sales; purchasing; and tourism 
personnel.  These visitors should not be engaged in selling their goods or services to the public and 
do not on their own behalf receive any remuneration from a source located in the other Party.  
4.19.   The Parties liberalize the temporary movement of natural persons  in accordance with the 
time periods and cond itions as laid out in Table 4.1 .  
Table 4.1 Summary of Commitments on the Temporary Presence of Natural Persons for 
Business Purpose under the Agreement  
Category  Conditions  Time Period 
granted  Commitments  
1. Key Personnel:  
 
 
a) business visitors  
 
 
b) Intra -corporate 
transfers (ICT):  
 (1) managers  
 (2) specialists  - employed within a juridical person 
of the Parties other than a non -
profit organization  
- senior position, responsible for 
setting up a commercial presence  
 
- employed by the juridical person 
or partners in it for at least one 
year 
- senior position  
- uncommon knowledge essential to 
the commercial presence's 
production   
 
 
- up to 90 days 
in any 12 
month period  
 
 
- up to three 
years  
 For every sector liberalized in 
accordance with mode 3 and subject 
to any reservations listed in Annex 
IV of the Agreement. The Parties 
may not maintain or adopt quotas on 
natural persons or require an 
economic needs test unless 
otherwise specified in Annex IV.  
2. Graduate 
Trainees  employed by a juridical person of a 
Party for at least one year and 
possess a university degree. (For 
Spain, France, Germany, Austria 
and Hungary, training must be 
linked to the university degree 
obtained.)  up to one year  For every sector liberalized in 
accordance with mode 3 and  subject 
to any reservations listed in Annex 
IV of the Agreement. The Parties 
may not maintain or adopt quotas on 
natural persons or require an 
economic needs test unless 
otherwise specified in Annex IV.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 57 - 
 
  Category  Conditions  Time Period 
granted  Commitments  
3. Business services 
sellers  temporary entry in order to 
negotiate the sale of services or to 
enter into agreements to sell 
services for a services supplier  up to 90 days 
in any 12 
month period  For every sector liberalized in 
accordance with modes 1 -3 and 
subject to any reservations l isted in 
Annex IV.  
4. Contractual 
services suppliers 
(CSS)  employed by a juridical person of 
one Party which has no commercial 
presence in the other Party and 
which has concluded a bona fide 
contact (other than through an 
agency) to supply services  for a 
period not exceeding 12 months.  not more than 
6 months (25 
weeks for 
Luxembourg) in 
any 12 month 
period  The EU liberalizes mode 4 for CSS in 
29 sub -sectors subject to conditions 
specified in the Agreement and 
Annex IV.  The CARIFORUM  Parties' 
commitments are laid out in Annex 
IV. Additional conditions are 
specified in Article 83.  
5. Independent 
professionals (IP)  natural persons who are self -
employed and have no commercial 
presence in the other Party and 
have concluded a bona fide contract 
to supply services  not more than 
6 months (25 
weeks in the 
case of 
Luxembourg) in 
any 12 month 
period  The EU liberalizes mode 4 for IP in 
11 sub -sectors subject to conditions 
specified in the Agreement and 
Annex IV.  The CARIFORUM Parties' 
commitme nts are laid out in Annex 
IV. Additional conditions are 
specified in Article 83.  
6. Short term 
visitors for business 
purposes  not engaged in selling goods or 
services, do not receive 
remuneration in the other Party and 
are not engaged in the supply of a 
service  up to 90 days 
in any 12 
month period  Mode 4 liberalized by both Parties in 
seven activities:  research and 
design; marketing research; training 
seminars; trade fairs and 
exhibitions: sales; purchasing; and 
tourism personnel.  
Source:  The Agreement . 
 
4.20.   The EU's GATS schedule contains mode 4 commitments for ICT, BV, and CSS but not for 
graduate trainees , IPs or short term visitors for business purposes . The EU has granted market 
access in 29 sub -sectors for CSS of CARIFORUM  firms of which the following a re not in its GATS 
schedule: bookkeeping services; medical and dental services; veterinary services; midwives 
services; services provided by nurses, physiotherapists and paramedical personnel; maintenance 
and repair of equipment; chef de cuisine services; fashion model services; interpretation services; 
environmental services; and tourist guides services.41 For CSS, the service contract must be for a 
period not exceeding 12 months (three months in the EU's GATS schedule).42 The person must 
possess at least th ree years' professional experience at the date of submission of an application. 
With the exception of fashion model services, chef de cuisine services, and some entertainment 
services, the natural persons must possess a university degree or equivalent or p rofessional 
qualifications.  
4.21.   The EU made no commitments on independent professionals  in its GATS  Schedule . Under 
the Agreement, t he EU has granted market access in 11 sub -sectors for the supply of services by 
IPs of the signatory CARIFORUM States as follow s: legal advisory services in respect of 
international public law and foreign law; architectural services; urban planning and landscape 
architecture services; engineering services; integrated engineering services; computer and related 
services; research an d development services; market research and opinion polling; management 
consulting services; services related to management consulting; and translation and interpretation 
services. In the case of IPs, the service contract must be for a period not exceeding  12 months, 
the person must have at least six years professional experience and must possess a university 
degree or equivalent and professional qualifications. The temporary entry and stay of natural 
persons shall be for a cumulative period of not more than s ix months (in the case of Luxembourg, 
25 weeks) in any 12 month period  or for the duration of the contract, whichever is less . 
4.22.   In the case of the ten countries that acceded to the EU in 2004 ,43 the commitments on CSS 
and IP under the Agreement entered into force on 1 January 2011. For Bulgaria and Romania, 
commitments were effective as of 1 January 2014.  
                                                
41 Services related to the sale of equipment or to the assignment of a patent appear in the EU's GATS 
schedule but not in the Agreement.  
42 12 months for computer and related services in the case of Sweden, and no speci fic period for Estonia 
and Latvia in the EU's GATS schedule.  
43 Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic, 
and Slovenia . WT/REG255/1  
 
- 58 - 
 
  4.23.   The CARIFORUM States' horizontal commitments on mode 4 cover key personnel (business 
visitors, managers and specialists) and graduate trainees not availabl e locally. Commitments on 
CSS and IP are generally subject to an economic needs test and apply to country -specific sub -
sectors.  
4.6  Liberalization  commitments  
4.24.   The Parties' schedules of commitments are contained in Annex IV which is broken into 
six subsections:  EU commitments on commercial presence (services and non -services sectors); EU 
commitments on cross -border supply of services; EU reservations on key personnel and graduate 
trainees; EU reservations on contractual services suppliers and independent profess ionals; 
CARIFORUM commitments on commercial presence in economic activities other than services 
sectors; and CARIFORUM commitments on commercial presence, cross -border supply of services, 
key personnel and graduate trainees, and contractual services suppli ers and independent 
professionals.44 All schedules in Annex IV are based on a positive -list approach, meaning that only 
the sectors listed are the subject of commitments.  The schedules include limitations and conditions 
on market access and national treatme nt (listed separately for the CARIFORUM countries, but not 
for the EU), the undertakings relating to additional commitments and where appropriate, the time 
frame for implementation.   
4.25.   The Parties agre e to enter into further negotiations on investment and tr ade in services no 
later than five years from the date of entry into force of the Agreement with the aim of enhancing 
the commitments made (Article 62).45 In addition, they agree to review the legal framework  and 
environment  for investment,  and the flow of investment between them no later than three years 
after the entry into force of the Agreement and at regular intervals thereafter (Article  74).46  
4.26.   The Parties agree to make changes to Annex IV to add the commitments of the Bahamas 
and Haiti  no later than six months after the signature of the Agreement. Pending the adoption of 
such a decision, the preferential treatment granted by the EU shall not be applicable to the 
Bahamas and Haiti (Article 63).47 
4.6.1   The European Union  
4.6.1.1   Horizontal Commitments  
4.27.   The "public utilities carve -out" which the EU maintains in its GATS schedule applies under 
the Agreement.48 The majority of  EU Members have scheduled a limitation on the acquisition of 
land and real estate by foreign investors  under both the Agreement and the GATS. For some 
sectors specific requirements related to the type of establishment requirement are scheduled.   
4.6.1.2   Sector Specific Commitments  
4.28.   Table 4. 2 compares the degree of liberalization by sector in the Agreement with that in the 
EU's GATS schedule. In particular, it indicates whether sectoral commitments in the Agreement 
(except as indicated in the Agreement's horizontal reservations at the national level) are improved 
compared to those in its GATS Schedule.  
                                                
44 Croatia joined the Agreement in November 2017. Specific commitments made by Croatia under the 
Agreement were not provided by the EU.  
45 The Parties indicate that they have been in regular contact and continue to do so.  
46 The Parties indicate that with the exception of regular contacts, no review has occurred.  
47 The EU indicates tha t these changes have not taken place. The CARIFORUM Parties indicate that the 
Bahamas' services commitments were submitted on 26 October 2012 and have been adopted by Decision of 
the Joint CARIFORUM -EU Council.  
48 The EU(25) GATS schedule was certified on 1 8 December 2006 (S/L/286) and is contained in 
document S/C/W/273, and Add.1 and Suppl.1. The WTO ratification of the consolidated version is still pending. 
The GATS schedules for EU(27) and EU(28) have not yet been certified. For ease of reference, compari sons 
made between the EU's commitments under the Agreement and its GATS schedule are based on the EU(25) 
GATS schedule.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 59 - 
 
  Business Services  
4.29.   As in the GATS, the Agreem ent contains commitments in all 11 sub -sectors of the 
professional services category. In professional  services, new commitments are made by all EU 
Member States, subject to certain country -specific reservations. Mode 1 remains subject to 
restrictions in a number of countries and subsectors, while mode 2 is mostly liberalized. Mode 3 
remains subject to an economic needs test in some  EU Member States for a number of subsectors.  
4.30.   Modes 1 to 3 of c omputer and related services are fully liberalized under the Agreement. 
Research and development services are liberalized except for publicly funded R&D services where 
exclusive rights can only be granted to EU nationals and EU juridical persons having their 
headquarters in t he EU. Modes 2 and 3 of  real estate services  have been liberalized, thus opening 
this sector in a number of EU Member States. Modes 2 and 3 of rental/leasing services without 
operators have for the most part been liberalized under the Agreement .  
4.31.   Under oth er business services, the EU has scheduled  additional sub -sectors not listed in its 
GATS  schedule such as model agency services, related scientific and technical consulting, 
maintenance and repair of various vessels and transport equipment, telecommunicati ons 
consulting services and telephone answering services. In some EU markets, n ationality 
requirements  or economic needs tests apply  in some subsectors.  
Telecommunications  Services  
4.32.   The sector classification of postal and courier services is substantially transformed from its 
GATS schedule, and is based on the classification proposed by the EU in the Doha negotiations.49 
The description subdivides the sector into seven distinct services activities, rather than – as in the 
GATS Services Sectoral Classificatio n List (W/120 and corresponding CPC Prov. categories) – 
distinguishing services on the basis of whether they are supplied by private or public operators.  
4.33.   While the new classification used in the Agreement schedule does not lend itself to 
straightforward comparison with the GATS classification as regards the scope of commitments, the 
Agreement schedule suggests certain improvements in terms of bindings. For modes 1 -3, the EU 
Member States maintain no limitations except for a licensing system in areas where a universal 
service obligation exists. In contrast, under the GATS schedule, only five EU Members had 
commitments in  mode 1, and only eight had commit ments in  modes 2 -3 for courier services.  
4.34.   The EU commitments in the Agreement and the GATS contain commitments on "all services 
consisting of the transmission and reception of signals by any electromagnetic means, excluding 
broadcasting". All EU Members  make full commitments in Mode 3 , subject to public participation in 
certain telecommunication operators in some Member States. In satellite broadcast transmission 
services, all EU Member States (except Belgium)  make commitments in modes 1 -3, subject to 
obligations to safeguard general interest objectives related to cont ent. 
4.35.   While the EU's GATS schedule incorporates the Reference Paper obligations for basic 
telecommunications services, similar provisions are contained in Articles 97 -100 of the Agreement. 
The provisions relating to universal service have been expanded rela tive to the Reference Paper 
and include provisions ensuring the eligibility of universal service, transparency and 
non-discrimination.  
Construction and Related  Engineering Services  
4.36.   Construction services are fully liberalized for modes 1 -350 and for all EU Member States  
under the Agreement compared to the variations in scope and modal coverage scheduled under 
the GATS .  
                                                
49 Document S/CSS/W/61, dated 23 March 2001.  
50 For Bulgaria, for projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to  act in 
partnership as subcontractors of local investors.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 60 - 
 
  Distribution  Services  
4.37.   The Agreement expands and, to some extent, harmonizes the coverage of the various 
subsectors. In commission agents' se rvices, Cyprus, the Czech  Republic, Hungary, Malta , Poland 
and the Slovak Republic have undertaken commitments across all modes of supply, while they 
have no commitments in the GATS. In wholesale and retail trade services, restrictions on the 
distribution of tobacco and alcoholic beverages remain in some markets . Restrictions on 
franchising, present in the EU's GATS schedule, have been lifted.   
Educational  Services  
4.38.   As in the EU's GATS schedule, educational services are limited to the provision of private 
services. No liberalization has been offered  compared to the EU's GATS schedule .  
Environmental Services  
4.39.   Mode 1 is unbound f or all sub -sectors of environmental services under the Agreement, 
except for consulting services. This contrasts with the EU 's GATS schedule where some EU 
Members, e.g. Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland scheduled no restrictions on 
mode 1 for one or more sub -sectors of environmental services. Modes 2 and 3 are liberalized for 
all sub -sectors of environment al services under the Agreement in contrast to the EU's GATS 
schedule which remains subject to a number of restrictions .  
Financial Services  
4.40.   In the EU's GATS schedule, the majority of Member States took commitments in accordance 
with the provisions of the "Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services", while the 
remain der made commitments on the basis of the traditional scheduling approach. Under the 
Agreement, commitments are made using a single approach.  
4.41.   In insurance and insurance -related services,  the majority of  EU Member States reserve the 
right to apply market access restrictions in modes 1 and 2 for direct insurance except maritime 
shipping and commercial aviation and space launching and freight and goods in international 
transit. The majority of EU Member States scheduled no commitments in mode s 1 and 2 for direct 
insurance intermediation. About half of EU Member States scheduled reservations in mode 3 for 
insurance and insurance -related services.  
4.42.   In banking and other financial services, the m ajority of  EU Member S tates scheduled no 
mode 1 commitments except for the provision of financial information and financial data 
processing and for advisory and other auxiliary services excluding intermediation. For mode 3, a 
number of EU Member States have listed reservations under the Agreement in the form of 
residency, nationality and incorporation requirements.  
Health and Social Services  
4.43.   Under the Agreement, the commitments taken in mode 1 match those in the EU's GATS 
schedule. All EU Member States have liberalized m ode 2 for hospital services and residential health 
facilities other than hospital services in the Agreement  whereas the GATS schedule is unbound for 
some of the recently acceded EU members, Finland and Sweden. In social services , all EU Member  
States  (except Belgium for which social services other than convalescent homes  is unbound ), have 
full commi tments in  mode 2. This is an improvement over the GATS schedule which is unbound for 
some  EU Member States. In mode 3, the EU has taken a  blanket restriction limiting the 
participation of private operators in the health and social network subject to a concession. 
Economic needs tests may apply.  
Tourism and Travel Related Services  
4.44.   For hotels, restaurants and catering, mode 1 remains unbound  except for catering. For 
travel agencies and tour operators services, some EU Member States have liberalized  modes 1 -3. 
For example , Italy has removed  an economic needs test and Sweden  an establishment WT/REG255/1  
 
- 61 - 
 
  requirement. Tourist guide services remains unbound f or a number of  EU members in mode 1, and 
is liberalized for all EU members for modes 2 -3.  
Recreational , Cultural and Sporting Services  
4.45.   For libraries, archives, museums and other cultural services and sporting and other 
recreational services, mode 3 is unb ound for most EU Member States.  
Transport  Services  
4.46.   For maritime transport services, a majority of  EU Member States b ind feeder services for 
international passenger and freight transportation in modes 1 to 3, subject to authorization while 
in the GATS only Latvia and Malta made commitments. In the GATS, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia and 
Slovenia made  commitments in maintenance  and repair of vessels, a sub -sector  not listed in the 
Agreement. Under services auxiliary to maritime transport in the Agreement, full commitments are 
made  in mode 2 for all sub -sectors, for mode 1 in maritime agency services, maritime freight 
forwarding services and supporting services, and for mode 3 in all sub -sectors except maritime 
cargo handling, customs clearance services, pushing and towing services, supporting services and 
other auxiliary services. This is an improvement over the EU's GATS schedul e, where, for instance, 
only Latvia and Lithuania have full commit ments in  modes 1 and 2 ( also mode 3 for Latvia) in 
pushing and towing services, and supporting services; for cargo handling services mode 3 is 
liberalized for all EU members except Italy (un bound for all but three EU members under the 
GATS); and for storage and warehouse services where modes 2 and 3 are unbound in some  EU 
Member States.  
4.47.   For passenger and freight transportation of internal waterways transport, mode 1 is 
unbound in the EU's GATS schedule and modes 2 and 3 are unbound except for the Czech and 
Slovak Republics (mode 2) and Latvia (modes 2 and 3). Under the Agreement, internal waterways 
transport is subject to existing or future agreements on access .  
4.48.   Under the EU's GATS schedule, modes 1 to 3 of passenger and freight transportation for rail 
transport are unbound (except for Hungary), while under the Agreement, full commitments are 
made in modes 2 and 3 (except for Bulgaria where mode 3 is unbound for direct branching). For 
all auxi liary services to rail transport, full commitments are made in modes 1 to 3 under the 
Agreement for the most part .  
4.49.   Under the Agreement, passenger and freight transportation for road transportation is 
unbound for mode 1, fully committed for mode 2 and subj ect to a number of reservations in 
mode  3. For instance in the case of passenger transportation, foreign investors cannot provide 
transport services except for rental of non -scheduled services of buses with operator. For services 
auxiliary to air transport  services, modes 1 and 2 have been fully committed under the Agreement 
for catering services, storage and warehouse services and freight transport agency services.  
Table 4.2 EU: Sector -specific liberalization under the Agreement at national level, 
excluding mode 4 and horizontal limitations  
Sectors (CPC Classification)  GATS  
Sectoral 
Commitments  Compared to  the 
GATS, the FTA's 
sectoral 
commitments are:  
1. Business services  Partial  improved  
A. Professional  Services  Partial  improved  
B. Computer  and Related  Services  Partial  improved  
C. Research  and Development  Services  Partial  improved  
D. Real  Estate  Services  Partial  improved  
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  Partial  improved  
F. Other  Business  Services  Partial  improved  
2. Communication services  Partial  improved  
A. Postal  services  No commitments  improved  
B. Courier  services  Partial  improved  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 62 - 
 
  Sectors (CPC Classification)  GATS  
Sectoral 
Commitments  Compared to  the 
GATS, the FTA's 
sectoral 
commitments are:  
C. Telecommunication  services  Partial  improved  
D. Audiovisual  services  No commitments  improved  
E. Other  No commitments  No commitments  
3. Construction and related engineering services  Partial  improved  
A. General  construction  work for buildings  Partial  improved  
B. General  construction  work for civil Engineering  Partial  improved  
C. Installation  and assembly  work  Partial  improved  
D. Building  completion  and finishing  work  Partial  improved  
E. Other  Partial  improved  
4. Distribution services  Partial  improved  
A. Commission  agents'  services  Partial  improved  
B. Wholesale  trade services  Partial  improved  
C. Retailing  services  Partial  improved  
D. Franchising  Partial  improved  
E. Other  No commitments  No commitments  
5. Education services  Partial  Same  
A. Primary education services  partial  Same  
B. Secondary education services  partial  Same  
C. Higher education services  partial  Same  
D. Adult education  partial  Same  
E. Other education services  partial  Same  
6. Environmental services  Partial  improved  
A. Sewage services  partial  Improved  
B. Refuse disposal services  partial  Improved  
C. Sanitation and similar services  partial  Improved  
D. Other  partial  improved  
7. Financial services  Partial  Improved  
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services  Partial  Improved  
B. Banking  and other  financial  services  Partial  improved  
C. Other  No commitments  No commitments  
8. Health related and social services  Partial  Improved  
A. Hospital services  partial  Improved  
B. Other Human Health Services  partial  improved  
C. Social Services  partial  Improved  
D. Other  partial  improved  
9. Tourism and travel related services  Partial  Improved  
A. Hotels  and restaurants (including catering)  partial  Improved  
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators  services  partial  Improved  
C. Tourist  guides  services  partial  improved  
D. Other  partial  improved  
10. Recreational and cultural and sporting services  Partial  improved  
A. Entertainment  services  partial  improved  
B. News agency services  partial  improved  
C. Libraries, archives, museums  and other cultural services  partial  improved  
D. Sporting and other recreational services  partial  improved  
E. Other  No commitments  improved  
11. Transport services  Partial  improved  
A. Maritime Transport Services  Partial  improved  
B. Internal Waterways  Transport  Partial  improved  
C. Air  Transport  Services  Partial  improved  
D. Space  Transport  No commitments  No commitments  
E. Rail  Transport  Services  Partial  improved  
F. Road  Transport  Services  Partial  improved  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 63 - 
 
  Sectors (CPC Classification)  GATS  
Sectoral 
Commitments  Compared to  the 
GATS, the FTA's 
sectoral 
commitments are:  
G. Pipeline  Transport  Partial  improved  
H. Services  auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  Partial  improved  
I. Other  Transport  Services  partial  improved  
12. Other services not included elsewhere  partial  improved  
Source:  WTO Secretariat . 
 
4.6.2   CARIFORUM States  
4.6.2.1   Horizontal Commitments  
4.50.   All CARIFORUM  States may reserve national treatment with respect to subsidies and grants. 
Other horizontal commitments are listed by country in Annex IV E and are mostly in the form of 
mode 3 restrictions on incorporation or criteria  applying to establishment . 
4.6.2.2   Sector S pecific Commitments  
4.51.   Table s 4.3-4.5 provide a comparison of  the liberalization by sector in the Agreement 
(modes  1-3) with that in the CARIFORUM States'  GATS schedule s.  
Antigua and Barbuda  
 
4.52.   Antigua and Barbuda's commitments  under the Agreement cover  10 of the 11 services 
sectors of the Services Sectoral Classification List, in contrast to six sectors covered in its GATS 
schedule.   
4.53.   In business services, Antigua and Barbuda has undertaken commitments in several sub -
sectors, typically without limitation s in modes 1 and 2. Where scheduled, mode 3 limitations 
usually concern discriminatory certification, residency and licensing requirements . To a great 
extent commitments are made in c omputer services, without limitations under modes 1 to 3.  
4.54.   Under communication services, the schedule contains commitments on courier services: full 
commitments are made in modes 1 and 2 , with mode 3 unbound . A wide range of 
telecommunication services are subject to commitments. Full commitments are made in 
value-added s ervices in modes 1 to 3, while for basic services the bypass of exclusive operators 
was permitted after 1 January 2012 . Mobile services are subject to partial commitments.  
4.55.   The schedule also includes certain commitments under construction (general construction 
work for buildings, with a joint venture requirement under mode 3), educational (higher education 
and adult education, with limited access under mode 3), and environmental services, for which 
there are no GATS commitments . No commitments are made for d istribution services, as in the 
GATS.  
4.56.   In financial services, Antigua and Barbuda's commitments are limited to payment and 
money transmission, life insurance, and reinsurance and retrocession services, with full 
commitments fo r modes 1 to 3 for the latter two. Commitments are also undertaken in health 
services (hospitals, without limitations in modes 1 to 3), tourism (excluding travel agencies and 
tour operator services as well as tour guide services), and recreational services  (entertainment, 
news agencies, sporting services except gambling).  
4.57.   In transport services, where GATS commitments are limited to certain maritime transport 
services, Antigua and Barbuda has undertaken commitments on maritime (covering more services 
than u nder GATS), internal waterways, air, and rail transport, in addition to storage and 
warehousing services.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 64 - 
 
  Bahamas  
 
4.58.   The Bahamas' commitments51 under the Agreement cover all 11 services sectors of the 
Services Sectoral Classification List. The Bahamas is not a WTO Member and thus has no 
commitments under the GATS.  
4.59.   The Bahamas' commitments on professional services cover all professions indicated in 
W/120 with modes 1 and 2 mostly liberalized and mode 3 unbound for certain professions such as 
legal services, med ical and veterinary services. Computer services are fully liberalized for modes 1 
and 2 with mode 3 subject to restrictions in some subsectors. Research and development services 
are fully liberalized for modes 1 -3. The Bahamas has made no commitments in re al estate 
services. In rental/leasing services without operators , commitments are made relating to aircraft, 
transport equipment and other machinery and equipment, with modes 1 -3 fully liberalized (except 
for transport equipment where mode 3 is unbound). I n other business services commitments cover 
all professions indicated in W/120 except services incidental to energy distribution. Modes 1 and 2 
are fully liberalized for all professions listed with mode 3 unbound (or subject to a joint venture 
limitation) in some subsectors such as advertising services, services incidental to fishing and 
maintenance and repair of equipment.  
4.60.   No commitments are made in postal services. Courier services are fully liberalized for modes 
1-3. Modes 1 -3 of telecommunication servic es for public and non -public use are fully liberalized 
(mode 3 as of 2013). In construction and related engineering services, modes 1 and 2 are 
liberalized for most subsectors with a market access limitation on mode 3. In distribution services 
modes 1 and 2 are liberalized for most subsectors with a market access limitation on mode 3 
(except franchising which is fully liberalized).  In educational services, except for non -profit, public 
and publicly funded juridical persons, modes 1 -2 of primary and seconda ry education services and 
modes 1 -3 of higher education and adult education services are fully liberalized.  In environmental 
services the Bahamas has for the most part liberalized modes 1 -3 except for sanitation and similar 
services for which it made no co mmitments.  
4.61.   In insurance and related services, reinsurance and retrocession and some subsectors of 
auxiliary services have been fully liberalized for modes 1 -3. Life and non -life insurance services are 
subject to market access and national treatment limitat ions. In banking and other financial 
services , the Bahamas has made commitments in most subsectors, subject to certain restrictions. 
In health and social services, tourism and travel -related services, and recreational, cultural and 
sporting services, modes  1-2 are for the most part liberalized with some restrictions in place for 
mode 3.  In transport services, the Bahamas has made commitments in all subsectors except space 
and pipeline transport and has liberalized modes 1 -2 for the most part, with mode 3 un bound in 
some subsectors.  
Barbados   
 
4.62.   Barbados' commitments  under the Agreement cover 10 of the 11 services sectors of the 
Services Sectoral Classification List. Under the GATS, Barbados made commitments in four 
sectors , covering business services , telecommunications, insurance, and entertainment services.  
4.63.   Commitments on professional services under the Agreement cover all professions indicated 
in W/120 except veterinary services. The levels of commitments vary. For instance, m odes 1 to 3 
of taxation ser vices are fully liberalized , while for  legal consultancy , architecture, engineering, 
urban planning, and services of midwifes and other paramedical personnel there are  no limitations 
on modes 1 and 2 and mode 3  is unbound . Computer services, research and d evelopment 
services, and rental/leasing without operations  are subject to partial commitments . Barbados has 
made no commitments in real estate services.  Commitments in "other business services" include 
those on advertising market research and public opinio n poling, management consulting, testing 
and analysis, services incidental to agriculture, fishing, and manufacturing, personnel placement 
services, investigation and security, scientific and technical consulting, equipment maintenance 
and repair, as well as packing, printing/publishing and convention services , most of which are 
liberalized for modes 1 to 3. With the exception of software implementation services, there are no 
commitments in the GATS for these sectors . 
                                                
51 Decision 1/2012 of 26 October 2012 amended Annex IV of the Agreement to incorporate the services 
commitments made by the Bahamas.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 65 - 
 
  4.64.   Modes 1 to 3 of  courier services are fully liberalized as  in GATS, whereas commitments on 
telecommunications reflect liberalization in the sector since the WTO negotiations on 
telecommunications. For example, there is no phase -in of the telecom commitments and no 
limitations are listed for publ ic telecommunications . Non-public telecommunications are subject 
only to a prohibition on two -ended breakout of circuits.  
4.65.   In financial services, Barbados makes commitments  that go beyond those made in GATS. 
Commitments include non -life and reinsurance and  retrocession under insurance services, and 
lending, payment/money transmission services and certain advisory/auxiliary under banking and 
other financial services. The insurance services commitments contain no limitations except that 
mode 1 is unbound for non-life.  
4.66.   In transport services, Barbados has made commitments on passenger transport in road and  
rail, while freight transport and maintenance -repair are committed in all transport sub -sectors 
except space and pipeline transport. Commitments are made for  rental services in air and road 
transport and for supporting services in the air, rail, and road transport sub -sectors.  
4.67.   Other sectors for which Barbados has partial commitments  under the Agreement  include  
construction services , distribution services , environmental services, health services , tourism , and 
recreational services . Of these, commitments are made only for entertainment services in its GATS 
schedule. Barbados has made no commitments in education services in the Agreement.  
Belize   
 
4.68.   Belize's com mitments cover all 11 sectors of the Services Sectoral Classification List, mostly 
partial commitments. Belize's GATS schedule covers only certain professional and 
telecommunication services.  
4.69.   In business services, commitments cover various professional se rvices such as legal 
documentation and certification, legal consultancy in international and home country law, 
accounting, auditing and bookkeeping, taxation services; architectural services, engineering, and 
urban planning and landscape services. Belize a lso undertook commitments in computer services, 
research and development, rental and leasing, and other business services.  
4.70.   In communication services, Belize has partial commitments in courier services. In 
telecommunications, commitments span several sub -sectors, subject to  a number of limitations, 
for example an economic needs test on the number of operators for telephony services, and a 
requirement to use the facilities by licensed ope rators for all basic telecom services in modes 1 and 
3. Belize has undertaken no commitments on mobile services or on fixed satellite services.  
4.71.   Belize also made commitments in construction, distribution, education, environmental, 
financial, health, tourism, entertainment, and transport services, for which it has no GATS 
commitments . In financial services, commitments are limited to actuarial services, which are 
unrestricted for modes 1 and 2. In health services , it has full commitments for hospital se rvices, 
while social service and other human health services  are subject to partial commitments . In 
tourism services, commitments cover certain hotel and restaurant services, marina, and spa 
services. Mode 3 of  hotel services is unrestricted for establishm ents in excess of 50 rooms ; hotels 
of less than 50 rooms are subject to an economic needs test.  
4.72.   In transport services commitments include maritime transport,  air transport services  rail 
transport services , and auxiliary transport services.  
Dominica   
 
4.73.   Dominica 's commitments cover 10 of the 11 sector groups of the Service s Sectoral 
Classification List compared to  the four sectors covered in its GATS Schedule.   
4.74.   In business services, Dominica 's commitments  cover a wide range of activities, none of 
which ap pear in its GATS Schedule. In professional services its  commitments cover accounting, 
taxation, engineering, integrated engineering, urban planning, medical, dental, veterinary, and 
midwife services, for which full market access is generally provided under  modes  1 and 2, with WT/REG255/1  
 
- 66 - 
 
  phase -in periods for mode 3 from 2018 or 2022. Phase -ins for market access under mode 3 also 
appear  in computer and related services, research and development, rental/leasing  and a variety 
of other business services, including advertis ing, market research, management consulting, 
maintenance and repair, packaging and convention services.  
4.75.   In communication services, Dominica has made  commitments in courier services, as in the 
GATS, with a phase -in of 2018 for full market access under mode 3. In telecommunications, full 
commitments in modes 1 to 3 are made for a number of sub-sectors. The r eservation for an  
exclusive operator  in Dominica 's GATS Schedule does not appear  in the Agreement.  
4.76.   In construction services  (for which  Dominica has no GATS commitments) , commitments are 
limited to other civil engineering works, for which Dominica has provided a phase -in in mode 3 
from 2022.  In education services, commitments cover secondary, higher and adult education 
services , subject t o phase -ins from 2018 or 2022 in mode 3.  
4.77.   In environmental services, Dominica has made commitments for  a number of sub -sectors 
including cleaning services for exhaust gases, noise abatement, and pollution control systems for 
factories. In health services, commitments cover hospital services, other human health services, 
and social services, generally with phase -ins for mode 3 as of 2018. It has no commitments in  
environmental or health services in its GATS Schedule.  
4.78.   In financial services, Dominica has made commitments in numerous sub -sectors.  In 
insurance, commitments are generally unbound for  modes 1 and 2, and with phase -ins from 2018 
in mode 3. In banking, the same pattern is observed, with more liberal treatment for some sub -
sectors with respect to modes  1 and 3. It has no GATS commitments in f inancial services.  
4.79.   In tourism  and recreational services , Dominica has made partial commitments in  hotels and 
restaurants, hotel development, marina and spa services, as well as entertainment services, news 
agency , sporting and other recreational services  and yacht rental services.  
4.80.   In transport services, Dominica has made commitments  in maritime transport, air transport, 
rail transport  and auxiliary services.  
The Dominican Republic  
 
4.81.   The Dominican Republic 's commitm ents cover  all 11 sector groups of the  Services Sectoral 
Classification List , compared to seven in its GATS schedule . It has no GATS commitments for 
distribution, education, environmental and recreational services.  
4.82.   In business services, the Dominican Repu blic has made  commitments in most sub -sectors.  
Modes 1 to 3 are fully liberalised for all sub -sectors under computer services, research and 
development services, real estate services, and nearly all sub -sectors under other business 
services .  
4.83.   In communication services, the Dominican Republic has undertaken commitments  in courier 
services and  a wide range of telecom munication  services . Full commitments are made in c ourier 
services  for modes 1 to 3, wh ile in the case of telecommunication services , modes 1 and 2 are 
unbound  and mode 3 is unrestricted.  
4.84.   In almost  all sub -sectors of construction services, distribution services and environmental 
services, the Dominican Republic makes  commitments in modes 1 to 3. In education  services, 
commitments are limi ted to higher education . 
4.85.   The commitments in financial services co mprise all insurance and ba nking services, with the 
exception of money broking, asset management services and settlement and clearing services. In 
insurance  services , modes 1 and 2 are genera lly unbound  - except in the case of the provision of 
marine, aviation and transport (MAT) insurance services . For most banking services, there are no 
commitments for modes 1 and 2  and mode  3 is unrestricted.  
4.86.    In health, tourism and recreational services , the Dominican Republic has made a number of 
commitments subject to some limitations. In  transport services, it has commitments in all main WT/REG255/1  
 
- 67 - 
 
  modes of transport. The cross -border supply of maritime transport is unrestricted. Commitments 
in rail and road trans port services, as well as auxiliary services to all modes of transport, are 
generally unrestricted for modes 1 to 3. Commitments in air transport services include the three 
sub-sectors covered by the GATS, as well as ground -handling services, with full bin dings.  
Grenada  
 
4.87.   Grenada's commitments cover ten  of the 11 sector groups of the Service s Sectoral 
Classification List , compared to four in its GATS schedule . Distribution services is the only sector 
with no commitments in the Agreement .  
4.88.   Grenada's commitmen ts apply to  a number of sub -sectors in business services includ ing 
accounting, auditing and book -keeping, architecture, engineering, urban planning and landscape, 
medical and dental services , legal services on home country law , taxation services , veterinar y 
services  and services provided by midwives. Partial commitments are made in c omputer services , 
research and development services, and rental/leasing services without operators. Grenada has 
made no commitments in real estate services.   
4.89.   In communication services, Grenada has made partial commitments in  courier services. 
Commitments in telecommunication services are for the most part fully liberalized. In construction 
services, Grenada has made partial commitments . Commitments on education services (except 
non-profit, public and publicly funded entities) include unrestricted access under mode 2 for higher 
education, and under modes 1 and 2 for adult education. In environmental services, commitments 
include  certain refuse disposal services , with future commit ments on mode 3 subject to the 
development of relevant regulations.  
4.90.   In financial services, commitments under the Agreement are limited to reinsurance and 
retrocession, lending, trading for own account, participation in issues of securities, asset 
managemen t, advisory and other auxiliary financial services, and provision and transfer of financial 
information. In health services, Grenada has made commitments in hospital and other human 
health services. Partial c ommitments are also taken in tourism services an d recreational services.  
4.91.   Under transport  services , for which Grenada has no GATS commitments , it takes 
commitments on maritime transport, internal waterways, rail, road and air transport  services , as 
well as on auxiliary  services.  
Guyana  
 
4.92.   Guyana's commitments under the Agreement cover the 11 sector groups of the Services 
Sectoral Classification List . In the GATS, Guyana made  commitments on professional  services , 
telecommunications, insurance, banking, tourism, air transport and road transport services. In 
general, with only a few exceptions, the sectors that Guyana scheduled  under the Agreement have 
commit ments  without restrictions.  
4.93.   In business services, Guyana  maintains essentially the same sub -sectors and level of 
commitments for the professions  it has commitments for  under the GATS. This includes full access  
on leg al, accounting, architecture and engineering  and some medical and dental services . The 
other pro fessional services sub -sectors are not subject to commitments . Guyana makes 
commitments in computer services, research and development and rental/leasing without 
operators, and some categories of other business services , mostly without limitation for modes  1 
to 3. No commitments are made in real estate services.  
4.94.   In communications, Guyana commits courier services as well as many telecommunication 
services  for which it has no GATS commitments . Guyana's commitment on voice telephone 
services  applies to non -public use only . Further commitments are made  on a number of value -
added services (e.g. e -mail, voice mail, electronic data exchange, on -line information and/or data 
processing). Under other telecommunications services , Guyana's commitments include terrestria l 
based mobile services, i nternet access services, EDI, and fixed satellite services.   
4.95.   In financial services, commitments cover all sub -sectors of insurance services and six sub -
sectors of banking and other financial services. The se are  acceptance of deposits, lending of all WT/REG255/1  
 
- 68 - 
 
  types, financial leasing, payment and money transmission, advisory/auxiliary services, and 
provision/transfer of financial information and financial data processing. As in other sectors, the 
commitments in financial services are generally without limitations in modes 1 to 3.  
4.96.   In transport services , Guyana's comm itments encompass all transport sub -sectors except 
space and pipeline transport. In the GATS, Guyana made  commitments in air and road transport . 
In the Agreeme nt it adds commitments in maritime transport, internal waterways transport, rail 
transport and services auxiliary to all modes of transport. For the most part the  commitments are 
made with no restrictions, and only a  few sub -activities of  the service s conc erned are excluded.  
4.97.   Other sectors in which  Guyana  has made  commitments include construction, distribution, 
educational, health, and recreational services , none of which are scheduled in  GATS. In 
environmental services, the commitments are limited to the " other" subcategory and include noise 
abatement services and forms of pollution control. Commitments are also made in t ourism services 
with respect to hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and tour operators, and excluding tourist 
guides.  
Jamaica  
 
4.98.   Jamaica' s commitments under the Agreement  cover 10 of the 11  sector groups of the 
Services Sectoral Classification List , compared to eight in the GATS . Distribution services are 
excluded  from its commitments in the Agreement . In the GATS, Jamaica made no commitments in 
construction, distribution, and environmental services , nor in banking and financial services.  It 
should be noted, however, that Jamaica has since ratified the 5th Protocol on Financial Services 
which provides ex panded access in the area of banking and financial services.  
4.99.   In business services, Jamaica maintains essentially the same commitments in professional 
services that it has in  the GATS, and has fully liberalized some sub -sectors such as taxation and 
accounti ng services for modes 1 to 3 . The coverage of computer services , research and 
development services, rental/leasing without operators and other business services is more 
extensive than in the GATS.  
4.100.   In the communications sector, Jamaica has made partial comm itments in courier services . 
The commitments on telecommunications incorporate improvements in the sector since the WTO 
telecom munications  negotiations. Most sub-sectors  contain no restrictions, except for voice 
telephone services.   
4.101.   In financial services, Jamaica makes comprehensive commitments on insurance, as in the  
GATS.  In banking and other financial services, Jamaic a commits on three sub -sectors. These are 
acceptance of deposits, lending of all types, and provision and transfer of financial information and 
financial data processing .  
4.102.   In the transport sector Jamaica makes a number  of new commitments  covering  passenger 
transportation in the maritime, air, rai l and road transport sectors.  It has commitments in f reight 
transport , rental and m aintenance and repair in rail and road transport, while it has commitments 
in supporting services in these, as well as in maritime and air transport. In addition, Jamaica 
makes commitments in  storage and warehousing , freight transport agency services  and mariti me 
agency services. As with other CARIFORUM parties , no commitments are made  in space or pipeline 
transport services.  
4.103.   Jamaica  has made new commitments in the Agreement in construction , and environmental  
services.   
Saint Kitts and Nevis  
 
4.104.   St Kitts and Nevis ' commitments under the Agreement cover 9 of the 11 sector groups of 
the Services Sectoral Classification List , compared to five in the GATS . St Kitts and Nevis has made 
no commitments in distribution and education services in the Agreement.  
4.105.   In business services, for which it has no GATS commitments , St Kitts and Nevis has made 
partial commitments in professional services, computer services, re search and development WT/REG255/1  
 
- 69 - 
 
  services, rental/leasing services without operators and other business services. In some 
sub-sectors of rental/leasing without operators, enterprises with initial investment of less than 
US$1 million may be reserved for nationals.  
4.106.   In communications services, St Kitts has made a full commitment in modes 1 to 3 of 
courier services and a number of new  commitments in telecommunications services.  
4.107.   In financial services, St Kitts and Nevis has made a partial commitment in reinsurance and 
retrocession services, but none in banking services except registration of offshore  financial 
companies and trusts (excluding insurance companies and banks ) to do offshore business.  
4.108.   In the transport Sector, where St Kitts and Nevis has partial commitments i n GATS only for 
supporting services for maritime transport, it has added new commitments in maritime transport, 
internal waterways, air transport, and rail transport services.  
4.109.   Other sectors under the Agreement where St Kitts and Nevis has made new or impro ved 
commitments compared to  the GATS are construction, environmental, health, tourism and 
recreational services . 
Saint Lucia  
 
4.110.   Saint Lucia's commitments  under the Agreement cover ten of the 11 sector groups of the 
Services Sectoral Classification List , compared to five in its GATS schedule . Distribution Services 
are the only sector without commitments in the Agreement . In the GATS, business services, 
communications services, construction, distribution, education, and environmental services are not 
subjec t to commitments .  
4.111.   In business services , St Lucia has taken a number of new commitments in professional 
services, computer services, research and development services, real estate services, 
rental/ leasing without operators and other business services. In computer services, some sub -
sectors are subject to economic needs tests or subject quotas on local persons to be employed. In 
some sub -sectors of rental/leasing without operators, enterprises with initial investment of less 
than US$1 million may be reserved  for nationals.  
4.112.   Under communication services, Saint Lucia has made partial commitments in courier 
services and fully liberalized a number of basic and value -added telecommunication services.  
4.113.   Under  financial services, commitments in insurance are limited t o reinsurance and 
retrocession , and in banking to  payment and money transmission, advisory and other auxiliary 
financial services, and investment and property unit trust services.  
4.114.   In transport services, where Saint Lucia has made partial commitments in maritime 
services and auxiliary services in its GATS schedule, it ha s added new commitments in maritime 
services, internal waterways, air transport, rail transport (fully committed for modes 1 to 3), road 
transport and auxiliary services.  
4.115.   Saint Lucia has made partial  commitments  in construction and educational services and 
added new commitments in educational services and environmental services. It has expanded the 
scope of its commitments in health, tourism and recreational services.  
Saint Vincent and th e Grenadines  
 
4.116.   Saint Vincent and the Grenadine 's commitments under the Agreement cover nine of the 11 
sector groups of the Services Sectoral Classification List, compared to five in its GATS schedule . 
Construction services and distribution services are not  subject to commitments in the Agreement. 
In the GATS, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has commitments in  financial services (insurance), 
health services, tourism, recreational services and transport services.  
4.117.    In business services, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has made a broad range of new 
commitments covering professional services, computer services, research and development 
services, rental/leasing services without operators, and other business services. Mode 3 of some WT/REG255/1  
 
- 70 - 
 
  sub-sectors of professional se rvices is subject to a joint venture requirement. In others , limitations 
on mode 3 apply until 2020 or later. In some sub -sectors of rental/leasing without operators, 
enterprises with initial investment of less than US$1 million may be reserved for nationa ls. 
4.118.   In communications services, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has made partial 
commitments in courier services with full commitments in  a number of telecommunications 
services.  
4.119.   In financial services, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has full commit ments in modes 1 to 
3 of life and non -life insurance services and made partial commitments in reinsurance and 
retrocession. In banking and other financial services, partial commitments are made in payment 
and money transmission services and advisory and other auxiliary financial services.  
4.120.   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has made new partial commitments in higher and adult 
education services, and in environmental services. In health, tourism and recreational services the 
scope of commitments has been expanded . 
4.121.   In transport services, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has added new partial 
commitments in maritime transport, air, rail and auxiliary transport services.  
Suriname  
 
4.122.   Suriname's commitments under the Agreement cover  all 11 service sector groups of the 
Services Sectoral Classification List , compared to three in its GATS schedule : telecommunications, 
tourism, and air transport services.  
4.123.   In business services, Suriname has made commitments on all professional services except 
legal services. In computer and related services  and research and development services , it has full 
commitments in modes 1 and 2, with mode 3 unrestricted for market access as of 1 January 2016  
(1 January 2018 for research and development services) . Suriname has made partia l commitments 
in real estate services, rental/leasing without operator, and in a number of sub -sectors of other 
business services.   
4.124.   In communications services, Suriname has made full commitments in modes 1 to 3 on 
courier services. In telecommunications, t he coverage of  basic and value -added services  is 
expanded. R estrictions are inscribed for voice telephone services supplied through commercial 
presence: for public use, the services are subject to a duopoly, with any future licenses subject to 
an economic needs test and foreign equity participation limited to 40%; for non -public use, 
services must be based on network facilities supplied by the exclusive operators and bypass and 
resale of excess capacity are not permitted. Economic needs tests and equity lim its apply to 
certain sub -sectors.  
4.125.   Commitments in financial services are limited to  insurance  (reinsurance and retrocession ), 
where modes 1 and 2 are unrestricted and mode 3 is subject to an economic needs test and a 
restriction on the legal form of insuran ce companies. No commitments are made on banking and 
other financial services.  
4.126.   In transport services, Suriname has undertaken partial commitments in maritime, air, and 
road transport services. For maritime passenger and freight transportation (less cabotag e), 
mode  3 is subject to several restrictions. Full commitments are made in r ail transport services  for 
modes 1 to 3.  
4.127.   In construction services, commitments cover all sub -sectors, with mode 3 fully liberalize d 
as of 1 January 2013. Suriname has also made new partial  commitments in distribution services , 
educational services and environmental services. Mode 3 of the latter is liberalized  as of 1 January 
2018 and subject to  a technology transfer requirement.  
4.128.   In health s ervices  and recreational services , Surin ame has made new partial  commitments , 
for instance  on hospital services and social services and ambulance and other residential health WT/REG255/1  
 
- 71 - 
 
  facilities services. For Suriname and some other CARIFORUM parties ,52 the establishment of press 
agencies by foreign investors is subject to reciprocity.  
Trinidad and Tobago  
 
4.129.   Trinidad and Tobago' s commitments under the Agreement cover 11 service sector groups 
of the Services Sectoral Classification List, compared to nine in its GATS schedule.  
4.130.   In business services, Trinidad and Tobago's commitments comprise all professional 
services except integrated engineering services. In computer and related services, Trinidad and 
Tobago has made commitments in all sub -sectors . Trinid ad and Tobago makes full commitments in 
modes 1 to 3 of research and development services and new partial commitments in real estate 
services and rental/leasing services without operators for which it has no GATS commitments . The 
number of services committ ed under other business services has increased.  
4.131.   In communication services, Trinidad and Tobago has  made  partially commit ments for  
courier services and has made a number of full commitments in telecommunications covering both 
basic and value -added services .  
4.132.   In financial services, Trinidad and Tobago has expanded the scope of its commitments in 
insurance services (under the GATS only reinsurance and retrocession was covered). There are no 
commitments in b anking and other financial services, apart from servi ces related to the provision 
and transfer of financial information and financial data processing.  
4.133.   In transport services, Trinidad and Tobago has added new partial commitments in 
maritime, internal waterways, air, and road transport as well as services aux iliary to all modes of 
transport. These commitments are subject to a number of restrictions, especially under mode 3: 
for example, maritime passenger and freight transportation and road freight transportation are 
unbound for both market access and national  treatment; air freight transportation is subject to an 
economic needs test; and a joint venture is required for the supply of pushing, towing, vessel 
salvaging and refloating services.  
4.134.   Trinidad and Tobago has expanded the scope of its commitments in cons truction services 
and educational services and added new commitments in distribution services and environmental 
services with few limitations. New commitments are also made in health services, tourism services 
and recreational services.  
                                                
52 Others include Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, the Dominican Repu blic, Grenada, Guyana, St Kitts 
and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago.   
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 72 - Table 4.3 Sector -specific lib eralization under the Agreement , excluding mode 4 and horizontal limitations: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, 
Barbados,  Belize and Dominica  
Sectors (CPC Classification)  Antigua &Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Dominica  
GATS  FTA FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA 
1. Business services  Partial  Partial   Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  
A. Professional  Services  Partial  Partial   Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  
B. Computer  and Related  Services  Partial  Partial   Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
C. Research  and Development  Services  Partial  Full  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
D. Real  Estate  Services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
F. Other  Business  Services  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
2. Communication services  Partial  Partial   Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Postal  services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
B. Courier  services  .. partial   full full .. partial  partial  partial  
C. Telecommunication  services  Partial  Partial   Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
D. Audiovisual  services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
E. Other  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
3. Construction and related engineering services  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. General  construction  work for buildings  .. partial   .. .. .. .. .. partial  
B. General  construction  work for civil Engineering  .. ..  .. partial  .. .. .. .. 
C. Installation  and assembly  work  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
D. Building  completion  and finishing  work  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
E. Other  .. ..  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
4. Distribution services  .. ..  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. .. 
A. Commission  agents'  services  .. ..  .. full .. .. .. .. 
B. Wholesale  trade services  .. ..  .. partial  .. .. .. .. 
C. Retailing  services  .. ..  .. partial  .. partial  .. .. 
D. Franchising  .. ..  .. full .. .. .. .. 
E. Other  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
5. Education services  .. Partial   .. .. .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. Primary education services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. partial  
B. Secondary education services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. partial  
C. Higher education services  .. partial   .. .. .. .. .. partial  
D. Adult education  .. partial   .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
E. Other education services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
6. Environmental services  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. Sewage services  .. ..  .. full .. partial  .. ..  
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 73 - Sectors (CPC Classification)  Antigua &Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Dominica  
GATS  FTA FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA 
B. Refuse disposal services  .. partial   .. partial  .. partial  .. .. 
C. Sanitation and similar services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
D. Other  .. partial   .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
7. Financial services  Partial  Partial   Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services  Partial  Partial   Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
B. Banking  and other  financial  services  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. .. .. Partial  
C. Other  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. partial  
8. Health related and social services  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. Hospital services  .. full  .. partial  .. full .. partial  
B. Other Human Health Services  .. ..  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
C. Social Services  .. ..  .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
D. Other  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
9. Tourism and travel related services  Partial  Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Hotels  and restaurants (including catering)  partial  partial   .. partial  .. partial  partial  partial  
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators  services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
C. Tourist  guides  services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
D. Other  .. partial   .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
10. Recreational and cultural and sporting services  Partial  Partial   Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Entertainment  services  partial  full  partial  partial  .. partial  partial  full 
B. News agency services  .. partial   .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
C. Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural 
services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
D. Sporting and other recreational services  .. partial   .. partial  .. partial  partial  partial  
E. Other  .. partial   .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
11. Transport services  Partial  Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. Maritime Transport Services  Partial  Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
B. Internal Waterways Transport  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. .. .. .. 
C. Air  Transport  Services  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
D. Space  Transport  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
E. Rail Transport  Services  .. Full  .. Full .. Full .. Full 
F. Road  Transport  Services  .. ..  .. Partial  .. .. .. .. 
G. Pipeline  Transport  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
H. Services  auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  .. Partial   .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
I. Other  Transport  Services  .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
Note: ".." means no commitments . 
Source:  WTO Secretariat based on CARIFORUM States' GATS Schedules and the Agreement.   
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 74 - Table 4.4 Sector -specific liberalization under the Agreement, excluding mode 4 and horizontal limitations: Dominican Republic,  Grenada, 
Guyana and Jamaica  
Sectors (CPC Classification)  Dominican Republic  Grenada  Guyana  Jamaica  
GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA 
1. Business services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Professional  Services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
B. Computer  and Related  Services  Partial  Full .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
C. Research  and Development  Services  Partial  Full .. Partial  .. Full Partial  Full 
D. Real  Estate  Services  .. Full .. .. .. .. Partial  Partial  
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
F. Other  Business  Services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
2. Communication services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Postal  services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
B. Courier  services  .. full partial  Partial .. partial  .. partial  
C. Telecommunication  services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
D. Audiovisual  services  Partial  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
E. Other  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
3. Construction and related engineering services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. General  construction  work for buildings  partial  partial  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
B. General  construction  work for civil Engineering  partial  partial  .. partial  .. full .. partial  
C. Installation  and assembly  work  partial  partial  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
D. Building  completion  and finishing  work  partial  partial  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
E. Other  partial  partial  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
4. Distribution services  .. Partial  .. .. .. Partial  .. .. 
A. Commission  agents'  services  .. full .. .. .. full .. .. 
B. Wholesale  trade services  .. partial  .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
C. Retailing  services  .. partial  .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
D. Franchising  .. full .. .. .. full .. .. 
E. Other  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
5. Education services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Primary education services  .. .. .. .. .. full partial  full 
B. Secondary education services  .. .. .. .. .. full partial  full 
C. Higher education services  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  partial  full 
D. Adult education  .. .. .. partial  .. full .. full 
E. Other education services  .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
6. Environmental services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. Sewage services  .. full .. .. .. .. .. .. 
B. Refuse disposal services  .. full .. partial  .. .. .. .. 
C. Sanitation and similar services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
D. Other  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
7. Financial services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
B. Banking  and other  financial  services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  
C. Other  .. partial  .. partial  .. .. .. ..  
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 75 - Sectors (CPC Classification)  Dominican Republic  Grenada  Guyana  Jamaica  
GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA 
8. Health related and social services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Hospital services  partial  full .. partial  .. full partial  full 
B. Other Human Health Services  partial  full .. full .. full .. full 
C. Social Services  partial  partial  .. .. .. full .. partial  
D. Other  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
9. Tourism and travel related services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Hotels  and restaurants (including catering)  partial  partial  partial  partial  partial  partial  partial  partial  
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators  services  partial  partial  .. .. full full partial  full 
C. Tourist  guides  services  partial  full .. .. .. .. .. .. 
D. Other  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
10. Recreational and cultural and sporting services  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Entertainment  services  .. full partial  partial  .. full partial  full 
B. News agency services  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. .. 
C. Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural services  .. partial  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
D. Sporting and other recreational services  .. partial  partial  partial  .. partial  .. partial  
E. Other  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
11. Transport services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Maritime Transport Services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
B. Internal Waterways Transport  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. .. 
C. Air  Transport  Services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  
D. Space  Transport  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
E. Rail  Transport  Services  Full Full .. Full .. Full .. Full 
F. Road  Transport  Services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Full 
G. Pipeline  Transport  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
H. Services  auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
I. Other  Transport  Services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
Note:  ".." means no commitments . 
Source:  WTO Secretariat based on CARIFORUM States' GATS Schedules and the Agreement .  
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 76 - Table 4.5 Sector -specific lib eralization under the Agreement,  excluding mode 4 and horizontal limitations: St Kitts and Nevis,  St Lucia, 
St Vincent and the Grenadines , Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago  
Sectors (CPC Classification)  St Kitts & Nevis  St Lucia  St Vincent & Grenadines  Suriname  Trinidad & Tobago  
GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA 
1. Business services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Professional  Services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
B. Com puter  and Related  Services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
C. Research  and Development  Services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Full 
D. Rea l Estate  Services  .. .. .. Partial  .. .. .. Partial  .. Partial  
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
F. Oth er Business  Services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
2. Communication services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Pos tal services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
B. Courier  services  .. full .. partial  .. partial  .. full .. partial  
C. Tel ecommunication  services  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
D. Audiovisual  services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
E. Oth er .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
3. Construction and related engineering services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. .. .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Gen eral construction  work for buildings  .. partial  .. partial  .. .. .. partial  partial  partial  
B. General  construction  work for civil Engineering  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
C. Ins tallation  and assembly  work  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
D. Building  completion  and finishing  work  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
E. Oth er .. partial  .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
4. Distribution services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. Com mission  agents'  services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
B. Wholesale  trade services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
C. Ret ailing  services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
D. Franchising  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  
E. Oth er .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
5. Education services  .. .. .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Pri mary education services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
B. Secondary education services  .. .. .. partial  .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
C. Hig her education services  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  partial  partial  
D. Adult education  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
E. Other education services  .. .. .. partial  .. .. .. partial  partial  partial  
6. Environmental services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  
A. Sewage services  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial   
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 77 - Sectors (CPC Classification)  St Kitts & Nevis  St Lucia  St Vincent & Grenadines  Suriname  Trinidad & Tobago  
GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA GATS  FTA 
B. Refuse disposal services  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
C. Sanitation and similar services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
D. Other  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
7. Fin ancial services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
B. Ban king and other  financial  services  .. .. .. Partial  .. Partial  .. .. .. Partial  
C. Other  partial  partial  .. partial  .. .. .. .. .. .. 
8. Hea lth related and social services  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Hospital services  .. partial  full full partial  partial  .. partial  partial  partial  
B. Oth er Human Health Services  .. full .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
C. Social Services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
D. Oth er .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
9. Tourism and travel related services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Hot els and restaurants (including catering)  partial  partial  partial  partial  partial  partial  full partial  partial  partial  
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators  services  .. .. .. .. .. .. full full partial  partial  
C. Tou rist guides  services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
D. Other  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
10. Re creational and cultural and sporting services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Entertainment  services  partial  partial  full full partial  full .. partial  partial  partial  
B. New s agency services  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  .. partial  
C. Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural 
services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. partial  .. .. 
D. Spo rting and other recreational services  partial  partial  partial  partial  partial  partial  .. partial  partial  partial  
E. Other  .. partial  .. partial  .. .. .. partial  .. partial  
11. Tr ansport services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  
A. Maritime Transport Services  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  
B. Int ernal Waterways Transport  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. .. .. .. .. Partial  
C. Air  Transport  Services  .. Partial  .. Partial  .. Partial  Partial  Partial  .. Partial  
D. Spa ce Transport  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
E. Rail  Transport  Services  .. Partial  .. Full .. Partial  .. Full .. .. 
F. Roa d Transport  Services  .. .. .. Partial  .. .. .. Partial  .. Partial  
G. Pipeline  Transport  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
H. Ser vices auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  .. .. Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  .. .. .. Partial  
I. Other  Transport  Services  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 
Note: ".." means no commitments . 
Source:  WTO Secretariat based on CARIFORUM States' GATS Schedules and the Agreement . WT/REG255/1  
 
- 78 - 
 
  4.6.3   Regulatory provisions on trade in services  
4.6.3.1   Domestic regulation  
4.135.   Article 87 contains provisions on domestic regulation along the lines of GATS Article  VI:2 
and VI: 3 and built on Article VI:2 .  
4.6.3.2   Recognition  
4.136.   Article 85 calls on the Parties to encourage their relevant professional bodies to prov ide 
recommendations on mutual recognition, with particular emphasis on professional services. The 
Parties agree to encourage the relevant professional bodies to start negotiations no later than 
three years following the entry into force of the Agreement to  jointly develop recommendations on 
mutual recognition, inter alia , in accounting, architecture, engineering and tourism.53 Any 
agreement on mutual recognition of requirements is to be in conformity with the relevant 
provisions of the WTO Agreement, in part icular Article VII of the GATS. The CARIFORUM -EU Trade 
and Development Committee will review progress made in mutual recognition every two years.  
4.6.4   Sector specific regulatory provisions on trade in services  
4.137.   Chapter 5 of the Agreement contains the regulatory framework for a number of specific 
services sectors.  
4.6.4.1   Computer Services  
4.138.   For computer services, Article 88 contains an understanding which applies to EU Member 
States and CARIFORUM countries that have liberalized the sector in their schedule. The 
understand ing clarifies the scope of the sector. In the case of telecommunications 
(Articles  94-102), the Agreement contains provisions on issues addressed in the GATS Reference 
Paper, with additional provisions in certain areas, e.g., licensing, universal service.  
4.6.4.2   Courier Services  
4.139.   For courier services, Articles 89 -93 set out regulatory provisions dealing with prevention of 
anti-competitive practices, universal service, the granting of individual licences, and independence 
of the regulatory bodies. For example, Arti cle 91 mandates the Parties to administer universal 
service obligations in a transparent, non -discriminatory and competitively neutral manner and to 
ensure that such obligations are not more burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal 
service defin ed by the relevant Party.  
4.6.4.3   Financial Services  
4.140.   Articles 103 -108 set out the principles of the regulatory framework that appl y to financial 
services liberalized under the Agreement. The definition of financial services mirrors that found in 
the WTO's Annex on  Financial Services and Article 104 contains a prudential carve -out. Provisions 
on new financial services and data processing echo those found in the WTO's Understanding on 
Commitments in Financial Services.  
4.6.4.4   International Maritime Transport Services  
4.141.   Article 109 contains principles regarding the liberalization of international maritime 
transport services. The Parties agree to apply the principle of unrestricted access to international 
maritime markets and trade on a commercial and non -discriminatory basis. T he Parties grant 
national treatment with regard to access to ports, use of infrastructure and auxiliary maritime 
services, as well as related fees and charges, customs facilities and the assignment of berths and 
facilities for loading and unloading. They a lso agree not to introduce cargo -sharing arrangements 
in future bilateral agreements with third countries and to terminate such agreements within a 
reasonable period of time. They also grant MFN treatment to the establishment and operation of 
                                                
53 The Parties indicate that they have had exchanges on the issue but no negotiations have been 
concluded.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 79 - 
 
  international  maritime services suppliers of the other Party. International maritime services are 
defined as including door -to-door and multi -modal transport operations. Further, Article 109 
provides that Parties shall make available to international maritime transport  suppliers of the other 
Party on reasonable and non -discriminatory terms and conditions various port services, including 
pilotage, towing and tug assistance, and port captain's services.  
4.6.4.5   Tourism Services  
4.142.   In the case of tourism services, the Agreement cont ains an obligation on the prevention of 
anti-competitive practices. The Parties agree to maintain or introduce appropriate measures for 
the purpose of preventing suppliers, in particular in the context of tourism distribution networks54, 
to materially affec t the terms of participation in the relevant market through such anti -competitive 
practices as abuse of dominant position through the imposition of unfair prices, exclusivity clauses 
or refusal to deal. Other provisions relate to access to technology, smal l and medium -sized 
enterprises, mutual recognition, sustainable development, compliance with environmental and 
quality standards, development cooperation and technical assistance and exchange of information 
and consultation (Articles 110 -118).  
4.6.4.6   E-commerce  
4.143.   In Chapter 6, the Parties agree to promote the development of electronic commerce and 
agree that deliveries by electronic means shall be considered as provisions of  services, which 
cannot be subject to customs duties (Article 119). The Parties undertake to  maintain a dialogue on 
additional regulatory aspects of e -commerce.  
4.6.5   Other Provisions on Investment  
4.144.   The EU has made commitments on commercial presence in a number of economic 
activities other than services sectors including agriculture, hunting and forest ry, fishing and 
aquaculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing and the production, transmission and 
distribution on own account of electricity, gas, steam and hot water. In the case of manufacturing, 
the EU binds access in a number of sub -sectors, for th e most part without restrictions.  
4.145.   The CARIFORUM States have made commitments on investment in economic activities 
other than services sectors (Annex IV E). These inclu de agriculture, hunting and forestry; fishing; 
mining and quarrying; manufacturing; and t he production, transmission and distribution on own 
account of electricity, gas, steam and hot water, subject to country -specific reservations or 
limitations. The CARIFORUM States reserve the right to add within two years of the Agreement's 
entry into forc e any non -conforming measures existing at the time of the Agreement's signature 
and not listed in Annex IV E.55  
5  PROVISIONS  AFFECTING TRADE IN G OODS, SERVICES AND I NVESTMENT  
5.1  Development and cooperation  
5.1.  The Agreement contains a number of discipline s on dev elopment cooperation. Part I of the 
Agreement is dedicated to a "trade p artnership for sustainable development" which would reduce 
poverty, promote regional and economic integration,, improve the CARIFORUM States' capacity in 
trade policy and trade -related  issues, support conditions for increasing investment and private 
sector initiative and enhancing supply capacity, and strengthen existing relations between the 
Parties (Article 1). The Parties reaffirm that the objective of sustainable development is to b e 
applied and integrated at every level of their partnership especially with regard to the reduction 
and eradication of poverty (Article 3). The Parties recognize that regional integration and 
development cooperation are integral elements of their partners hip and powerful instruments to 
achieve the Agreement's objectives (Articles 4 and 7). Cooperation can take financial and 
non-financial forms.  
                                                
54 Tourism distribution networks are defin ed in the Agreement as tour operators and other tourism 
wholesalers (both in -bind and out -bound), computer reservation systems and global distribution systems 
(whether or not connected to airlines or provided through the Internet), travel agencies and othe r distributors 
of tourism services.  
55 The CARIFORUM States indicate that they have not notified any additional non -conforming measures.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 80 - 
 
  5.2.  The Parties agree to cooperate in all international fora where issues relevant to the 
Agreement are discussed (Ar ticle 6). Cooperation priorities are identified in Article 8 of the 
Agreement and include the provision of technical assistance, capacity and institution building for 
fiscal reform, private sector and enterprise development, diversification of CARIFORUM ex ports of 
goods and services, and support for infrastructure development. Further provisions on cooperation 
are detailed in various chapters of the Agreement . 
5.3.  The Parties agree on the importance of increasing the competitiveness of agriculture, food 
and fis heries in the CARIFORUM States and recognize the need to facilitate the adjustment of 
these sectors to the progressive changes brought about by the Agreement. The Parties agree to 
cooperate in the field of agriculture and fisheries inter alia  by improving the competitiveness of 
potentially viable production, including downstream processing; developing export marketing 
capabilities; compliance with and adoption of quality standards relating to food production and 
marketing; promotion of private investment an d public -private partnerships in potentially viable 
production; and improvement in the CARIFORUM Parties' ability to comply with national, regional 
and international standards (Article 43).  
5.4.  The Parties recognize the importance of technical cooperation and assistance in order to 
complement the liberalization of services and investment and agree to cooperate in order to 
improve the ability of service suppli ers of the signatory CARIFORUM S tates to meet regulations 
and standards at EU, national and sub -national  levels, and to improve the export capacity of 
CARIFORUM service suppliers, address quality and standards, develop and implement regulatory 
regimes for specific services sectors and establish mechanisms for promoting investment and joint 
ventures between s ervice suppliers of the EU and signatory CARIFORUM S tates (Article 121).  
5.5.  The Parties agree to cooperate in order to support the implementation of the commitments 
and obligations taken in relation to IPR (Article 164).  
5.6.  A Party is not obliged to extend to the other Party any more favourable treatment which is 
applied within either the CARIFORUM States or the EU as part of its respective regional integration 
process (Article 238). Any more favourable treatment and advantag e granted under the 
Agreement by any of the signatory CARIFORUM States to the EU will be exten ded to all signatory 
CARIFORUM S tates subject to the following conditions: any more favourable treatment applies 
immediately upon signature of the Agreement with respect to all products subject to a zero rate of 
duty as specified in the tariff reduction commitments of the Agreement; any more favourable 
treatment and advantage shall apply one year after the date of signature of the Agreement, 
between the "more devel oped countries" of the Caribbean Community (Bahamas, Barbados, 
Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago) and the Dominican Republic with respect to 
all other products specified in Annex III and the provisions of Annex IV of the Agreement; any 
more favourable treatment and advantage shall apply two years after the data of signature of the 
Agreement between the "less developed countries" of CARICOM (Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, 
Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, and St Vincent) and the Dominican Republic with 
respect to all other products specified in Annex III and the provisions of Annex IV of the 
Agreement.  
5.2  Transparency  
5.7.  The Parties agree to ensure that any laws, regulations, procedures and administrative rulings 
of general application  are promptly published or made publicly available and brought to the 
attention of the other Party (Article 235). The Parties agree to respond promptly to all requests 
made by the other Party for specific information of any measure of general application o r 
international agreements which pertain to the Agreement (Article 86). Enquiry points as listed in 
Annex V of the Agreement are to be established.56  
5.3  Current  payments and capital movements  
5.8.  Articles 122 -124 of the Agreement deal with current payments and ca pital movements. The 
Parties do not impose any restrictions on current account payments and transfers as well as on the 
free movement of capital relating inter alia  to investments in service sectors made in accordance 
                                                
56 The Parties indicate that enquiry points for services and investments have been notified by the 
Parties.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 81 - 
 
  with the relevant provisions of the Ag reement. The free movement of capital extends to the 
liquidation and repatriation of capital and profits. According to Article 124, the Parties may take 
safeguard measures with regard to capital movement when payments and capital movements 
between the Part ies threaten to cause serious difficulties for the operation of monetary or 
exchange rate policy.  
5.4  Exceptions  
5.9.  Article 224 lays out the general exception clause of the Agreement which is similar to 
Article  XX of the GATT 1994. Article 225 sets out general e xceptions relating to security concerns 
that are similar to those found in Article XXI of the GATT 1994.  
5.10.   Under Article 226, the Parties are not prevented from distinguishing, in the application of 
their fiscal legislation, between taxpayers who are not in the same situation, in particular with 
regard to their place of residence or the place where their capital is invested. They may also adopt 
or enforce any measures aimed at preventing the avoidance or evasion of taxes. The Agreement 
shall not affect any ri ghts and obligations of the Parties under any tax conventions. In the event of 
inconsistency between the Agreement and any such tax convention, the latter shall prevail.  
5.5  Accession  
5.11.   Any new Member State of the EU shall accede to the Agreement from the date o f its 
accession to the EU (Article 247). Any Caribbean State may accede to the Agreement subject to 
terms and conditions to be agreed between the acceding country and the Parties (Article 248).  
5.6  Institutional  framework  
5.12.   A Joint CARIFORUM -EU Council is establ ished under the Agreement responsible for its 
implementation (Article 227). The Joint Council is also responsible for examining proposals and 
recommendations from the Parties for the review of the Agreement. A CARIFORUM -EU Trade and 
Development Committee i s also established under the Agreement responsible inter alia  for 
supervising the implementation and proper application of the provisions of the Agreement, 
overseeing the further elaboration of the Agreement, undertaking action to avoid and resolve 
dispute s and monitoring the development of regional integration and of economic and trade 
relations between the Parties (Article 230).  
5.13.   A CARIFORUM -EU Parliamentary Committee is established under the Agreement 
(Article  231). It acts as a forum for members of the European Parliament and the CARIFORUM 
States ' legislatures to meet and exchange views. A CARIFORUM -EU Consultative Committee is 
established under the Agreement with the task of assisting the Joint CARIFORUM -EU Council to 
promote dialogue and cooperation be tween representatives of organizations of civil society, 
including the academic community, and social and economic partners (Article 232).  
5.7  Dispute settlement  
5.14.   Disputes concerning the interpretation and application of the Agreement, with the exception 
of the provisions concerning development finance cooperation (which continue to be provided for 
by the Cotonou Agreement) are governed by Part III of the Agreement.  The provisions on dispute 
settlement do not apply to anti -dumping and countervailing measures (Article 23.7) and to global 
safeguard measures (Article 24.4). The Parties may not bring a dispute concerning the 
interpretation and application of the provisio ns on environment and social aspects  unless they 
have exhausted the options for consultations relevant to those disciplines.   
5.15.   The Agreement provides for the settlement of disputes through consultation, mediation, or 
arbitration. If the Parties fail to resolve the dispute by recourse to consultations or mediation, they 
may request the establishment of an arbitration panel.  Article 215 specifies that the Parties may, 
at any time, agree on a mutually satisfactory solution by notifying the CARIFORUM -EU Trade and 
Development Committee of any such solution. They may also decide to refer the dispute to the 
WTO Dispute Settlement Body, providing that a new dispute  settlement procedure for the same WT/REG255/1  
 
- 82 - 
 
  measure is not initiated in another forum before the first proced ure is concluded.57 Meetings of the 
arbitration panel are open to the public unless the arbitration panel decides otherwise 
(Article  216). Arbitration panel rulings are made publicly available unless the CARIFORUM -EU 
Trade and Development Committee decides otherwise (Article 220). Dissenting opinions of 
arbitrations are not made public.  
5.16.   The Agreement's dispute settlement provis ions are illustrated in Chart 5.1 . They provide for 
consultations and for the intervention of a mediator, who must be chosen by the P arties from a list 
of individuals who are not nationals of the Parties. If consultations and/or meditation is not 
conclusive, the complaining Party may request the establishment of an arbitration panel. The 
arbitrators are to be selected from a list of 15 candidates who possess specialist knowledge or 
experience of matters covered by the Agreement. The panel's ruling shall be submitted to the 
Parties within 150  days following its establishment, and under no circumstances later than 
180 days.58 
Chart 5.1 Synopsis of the Dispute Settlement provisions of the Agreement  
 
                                                
57 As specified in Article 222.2, a Party is considered to have initiated a dispute settlement procedure 
under the WTO Agreement once it has requested the establishment of a panel pursuant to Article 6 of the 
WTO DSU. 
58 According to Article 220, the arbitrat ion panel shall endeavour to make consensus -based decisions or, 
in the absence of consensus, by a majority vote.  
(Art. 1802)  
(Art. 1809.4)  
- 
If no notice of implementation or no  
satisfactory solution (Art. 1811)  
- 
4) 
Consultations  (Art. 204)  
Mediation  (Art. 205)  
Composition  of the Panel 
(Art. 207)  
Panel examination   
(Art. 208)  
Arbitration Panel ruling  
(Art. 209  
60 or 30 days  
(perishable goods)  
Written request for 
establishing a Panel  
(Art. 206)  
45 days  
Max 15 days for 
composition  
Panel in terim  report sent 
to the Parties  (Art. 208)  
120 days  
150-180 days after establishment  
(70-90 days for perishable goods)  
10 days from Parties' 
release  
Implementation /compliance  
by agreement among the Parties 
(Art. 210) 
Measu res to achieve compliance   
(Art. 211)  
Within 30 days after receipt 
of ruling  
Request for New arbitration ruling 
(Art. 212)  
If measures claimed as non -
conforming, or  
failure by non -conforming Party to 
implement ruling  
Temporary remedies (Art. 213)  
Panel reconvenes  
upon request from losing party   
(Art. 214)  
Decision (Art 214)  
45 days from panel reconvention  
Max 90 days (45 for 
perishable goods  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 83 - 
 
  5.17.   Each Party shall take all necessary measures to implement the arbitration panel ruling and 
to agree on a time -limit for compliance. By the end of this period of time, the respondent Party 
may notify the complaining Party and the EPA Committee of any measures it has adopted. If the 
complaining Party considers that the measures ad opted by the other Party are incompatible with 
the Agreement 's provisions, it may request, in writing, a ruling by arbitration on the matter. The 
complaining Party shall request the other Party to present an offer for temporary compensation 
where the latte r does not adopt any measures by the time -limit, or the panel finds that the 
measures adopted are incompatible with the Agreement 's provisions. In the event of disagreement 
between the Parties on compensation within 30 days of the end of the reasonable tim e-limit or of 
the panel ruling, the complaining Party shall be authorized, after notifying the other Party, to 
adopt appropriate measures. The complaining Party shall attempt to select measures that least 
affect the attainment of the objectives of the Agre ement and take into consideration their impact 
on the economy of the responding Party. In the event of a dispute related to the provisions on 
environment or social aspects  under the Agreement, a suspension of trade concessions may not be 
made.  
5.8  Administrati ve Cooperation  
5.18.   The Parties recognize the importance of cooperation in order to strengthen tax 
administration and improve the collection of tax revenues (Article 22). They agree to cooperate 
through the provision of technical assistance in the area of fiscal reform with a view to shifting 
dependence from tariff revenues to other forms of indirect taxation.  
5.9  Government  procurement  
5.19.   Chapter 3 of Title IV of the Agreement (Articles 165 -182) establishes the regulatory 
framework for government procurement. EU(28) is a member of the WTO  Agreement on 
Government Procuremen t (GPA). None of the CARIFORUM S tates is a member or observer of the 
GPA. 
5.20.   The general objective of the Chapter, as stated in Article 165, is the recognition of the 
importance of transparent compe titive tendering for economic development taking into account the 
special situation of the CARIFORUM States. Appendix 1 of Annex VI of the Agreement lists the 
procuring entities of the Parties to which the provisions of the Agreement apply and the applicab le 
thresholds. In the case of the CARIFORUM States, central government entities are listed . The  
coverage of EU procurement entities is as listed in Annex 1 to Appendix I of the GPA Agreement 
and thus applies only to central entities. Appendices 2 and 3 of Annex VI of the Agreement provide 
the services and construction services covered by the Parties. Appendix 4 of Annex VI provides the 
general notes and derogations of the Parties. The CARIFORUM States have taken a derogation for 
procurement by the covered e ntities listed under Appendix 1 in connection with the activities in the 
fields of energy and the postal sector, and the EU for procurement by the covered entities listed 
under Appendix 1 in connection with activities in the fields of drinking water, energ y, tra nsport and 
the postal sector.  
5.21.   The Parties agree to ensure that procurement takes place in a transparent manner and offer 
national treatment in procurement by the purchasing entities covered by the Agreement. The 
latter is subject to a decision by the  Joint CARIFORUM -EU Council to this effect. The provisions of 
national treatment on internal taxation and regulation laid down in Article 27 do not apply to the 
laws, regulations, procedures or practices governing public procurement (Article 27.5). The Par ties 
agree to promptly publish any law, regulation, judicial decision and administrative ruling of general 
application  and to ensure that their procuring entities provide for effective dissemination of 
tendering opportunities  (Article 168). Further provisi ons of the Agreement include those relating to 
methods of procurement, selective and limited tendering, technical specifications, qualification of 
suppliers, negotiations, and opening of tenders and awarding  of contracts , information on contract 
award, and  time limits and bid challenges . The CARIFORUM S tates are granted two years from the 
entry into force of the Agreement (which may be extended by a further year) to bring their 
measures into conformity with the procedural obligations  of the Chapter  (Article 180).59 The 
                                                
59 Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, and St Vincent and the 
Grenadines are granted an implementation  period of five years.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 84 - 
 
  Parties agree to review the operation of the Chapter on government procurement every three 
years (Article 181).60  
5.22.   The general thresholds for goods , services and construction services are laid down in 
Table  5.1.  
Table 5.1 Threshold Values for government procurement of goods, services and 
construction services, SDR  
Classification  Goods and Services  Construction Services  
WTO GPA  CARIFORUM -EU 
Agreement  WTO GPA  CARIFORUM -EU 
Agreement  
(EU only)  EU CARIFORUM 
States   (EU only)  EU CARIFORUM 
States  
Annex I – Central 
government 
entities  130,000  130,000  155,000  5,000,000  5,000,000  6,500,000  
Annex II – Sub-
central 
government 
entities  200,000  n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 
Annex III – Other 
entities  400,000  n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 
n/a = not applicable . 
Source:  The Agreement and revised GPA . 
 
5.10  Intellectual  property rights  
5.23.   Chapter 2 of Title IV of the Agreement (Articles 131 -164) contains provisions on innovation 
and intellectual property rights (IPR). Articles 133 -138 contain provisions on innovation which seek 
to foster competitiveness through innovation and creativity, encourage participation in framework 
programmes, and promote cooperation in science and technology, information and communication 
technologies, and eco -innovation and renewable energy.  
5.24.   The Parties agree to ensure an adequate and effective implementation of the international 
treaties dealing with intellectual property to which they are parties and of the WTO TRIPS 
Agreement, and that adeq uate and effective enforcement of IPR should take account of the 
development needs of the CARIFORUM States, provide a balance of rights and obligations, and 
allow the Parties to protect public health and nutrition (Article 139). They agree to implement the  
IPR provisions of the Agreement by 1 January 2014 unless the CARIFORUM -EU Trade and 
Development Committee determines otherwise.61 A waiver is applicable to LDCs parties of the 
Agreement (Haiti) and consequently the IPR provisions need to be implemented as from February  
2021.  
5.25.   The Parties agree to exchange views and information on their practices and policies 
affecting the transfer of technology. They agree to take appropriate measures to prevent or control 
licensing practices or conditions which may adverse ly affect the transfer of technology and that 
constitute an abuse of IPR or an abuse of information asymmetries in the negotiation of licenses. 
The EU agrees to promote the use of incentives for the transfer of technology to the CARIFORUM 
States.  
5.26.   With reg ard to copyrights, the Parties agree to comply with the World Intellectual Property 
Organization (WIPO) 1996 Copyright Treaty, and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty 
(1996). The signatory CARIFORUM States agree to try to accede to the Rome Convent ion for the 
Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations (1961). For 
trademarks, the Parties agree to provide a system for the registration of trademarks. The 
CARIFORUM States agree to endeavour to apply the WIPO Joint R ecommendation relating to 
well-known trademarks, internet use and trademark licenses and to endeavour to accede to the 
                                                
60 The Parties indicate that no review has taken place.  
61 The Parties indicate that the CARIFORUM -EU Trade and Development Committee has not decided 
otherwise.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 85 - 
 
  Protocol to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (1989) and 
the revised Trademark Law Treaty (2006).62  
5.27.   For geographical indications (GIs), the signatory CARIFORUM States agree to establish a 
system of protection of GIs no later than 1 January 2014 and to submit, within six months of the 
entry into force of the Agreement a list of prospective GIs originatin g in the CARIFORUM States for 
discussion and comments.63 Protection afforded in respect of GIs is granted in accordance with the 
legal system and practice of the Party concerned and is indefinite. With regard to industrial 
designs, the CARIFORUM States endeavour to accede to the Hague Agreement for the 
International Registration of Industrial Designs (1999). Further provisions relate to the definition 
of the criteria for protection; the requirement to offer protection for unregistered designs; and, 
subje ct to a request by the right holder and payment of fees, the requirement to offer a term of 
protection of up to 25 years (compared to 10 years under the TRIPS Agreement).64  
5.28.   On patents, the Agreement requires the CARIFORUM States  which are not yet members, to 
accede to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (1970, as modified in 1984) and the Budapest Treaty on 
the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro -organisms for the Purposes of Patent 
Procedure (1977, amended in 1980). The CARIFORUM States shall also endeavour to accede to the 
Patent Law Treaty (2000). Further provisions in the IPR Chapter relate to utility models, in 
particular the requirements for protection, the term of protection, and the relationship to patents; 
exceptions to the exclusive rights granted to plant breeders to allow farmers to save, use and 
exchange protected farm -saved seed or propagating material; and a commitment by the Parties to 
respect, preserve and maintain knowledge of genetic resources, traditional knowledge and 
folklore.65  
5.29.   The provisions on enforcement of IPR in the Agreement cover a range of issues including 
entitled applicants, measures for preserving evidence, right of information, provisional and 
precautionary measures, corrective measures, injunctions, alternative measu res, damages, legal 
costs, publication of judicial decisions, and border measures.  
5.11  Competition  
5.30.   Title IV of the Agreement contains provisions on competition so as to prevent 
anti-competitive business practices which may affect trade in goods and services. T he Parties 
agree to have laws in force addressing restrictions on competition within their jurisdiction within 
five years of the Agreement's entry into force (Article 127). Articles 128 -130 contain a number of 
cooperation and coordination provisions with r egard to exchange of information and enforcement 
cooperation, the designation of public enterprise and enterprises entrusted with special or 
exclusive rights, and technical assistance on competition matters.  
5.31.   The Parties agree to progressively adjust any s tate monopolies of a commercial character so 
as to ensure that by the end of the fifth year following the entry into force of the Agreement no 
                                                
62 The EU indicates that it has implemented its commitments  under the Agree ment. Information 
submitted by CARIFORUM Parties on their IP commitments is contained  in Annex 2 of this Report.  
63 The EU indicates that in November 2013 the Parties commenced exploratory talks in order to 
implement Article 145 (rendezvous clause on GIs). CARIFORUM and the EU have had exchanges on initial lists 
of GIs for protection under Article 145 and have had preliminary discussions on possible text for an agreement. 
Jamaica indicates that it is compliant in establishing a system of protection of GIs wi th the implementation of 
the Protection of Geographical Indications Act 2004. Trinidad and Tobago indicates that it has a GI system 
(Geographical Indication Act Chap. 82:78). The first application was received in February 2017 and is not in 
the opposition phase. Furthermore, lists of potential GIs have already been submitted and additional ones have 
recently come to light and are in the exploratory phase.  
64 Jamaica indicates that w ork is in progress and is far advanced for Jamaica to accede to the Hague 
Agreement for the International Registration of Industrial Designs  (1999) via amendment to existing 
legislation.  
65 The EU indicates that EU  Regulation 2100/94 on the protection of community plant varieties ensures 
the compliance of the EU with the provisio ns related to plant varieties in the EPA. The EU Member States 
comply with the Patent Cooperation Treaty and the Budapest Treaty. By Regulation 511/2014, the EU stands 
by its commitment to implement the Nagoya Protocol, so to respect, preserve and maintain  knowledge of 
genetic resources, traditional knowledge and folklore. The provisions on utility models are optional in the 
Agreement and in the EU any Member States is allowed to provide protection for utility models, but it is not 
harmonized.  For informati on provided by CARIFORUM States on the status of implantation of these 
commitments see Annex 2 of this Report.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 86 - 
 
  discrimination exists regarding the conditions under which goods and services are sold or 
purchased between the P arties, unless such discrimination is inherent in the existence of the 
monop oly in question.  
5.12   Balance of Payments Safeguards  
5.32.   The Parties may adopt or maintain restrictive measures with regard to trade in goods, 
services and establishment in the event of se rious balance of payments and external financial 
difficulties (Article 240).  
5.13  Environment  
5.33.   The Parties agree to take measures to ensure that investors do not manage or operate their 
investments in a manner that circumvents international environmental obliga tions arising from 
agreements to which the EU and the signatory CARIFORUM States are parties (Article 72). In 
addition, the Parties agree to ensure that FDI is not encouraged by lowering domestic 
environmental legislation and standards (Article 73).  
5.34.   In Ch apter 4 of Title IV, the Parties reaffirm that the principles of sustainable management 
of natural resources and the environment are to be applied and integrated at every level of their 
partnership, and resolve to conserve, protect and improve the environm ent and make efforts to 
facilitate trade in goods and services which are considered to be beneficial to the environment 
which may include environmental technologies, renewable and energy efficient goods and services 
and eco -labelled goods. The Parties agre e that the special needs and requirements of the 
CARIFORUM States are to be taken into account in the design and implementation of measures 
aimed at protecting the environment and public health. In the absence of relevant environmental 
standards in nationa l or regional legislation, they agree to use relevant international standards. 
Other provisions in the environment Chapter relate to scientific information, transparency, 
upholding levels of protection, consultation and monitoring and cooperation.  
5.14  Labour  
5.35.   The Parties agree that their investors will act in accordance with core labour standards as 
required by the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, 1998 and will not 
manage or operate their investments in a manner that circumvents int ernational labour obligations 
arising from agreements to which the Parties are parties (Article 72). The Parties also agree to 
ensure that FDI is not encouraged by lowering domestic labour standards or be relaxing core 
labour standards (Article 73).  
5.36.   In Cha pter 5 of Title IV, the Parties reaffirm their commitment to internationally recognized 
core labour standards, as defined by the relevant ILO Conventions, and in particular the freedom 
of association and the right to collective bargaining, the abolition of  forced labour, the elimination 
of the worst forms of child labour and non -discrimination in respect to employment. In Article 193 
the Parties agree not to encourage trade or FDI to enhance or maintain a competitive advantage 
by lowering the level of prote ction provided by domestic social and labour legislation and 
derogating from, or failing to apply such legislation and standards. Article 195 provides for 
consultations on matters concerning the interpretation and application of the provisions on labour 
standards.  
5.15  Cultural  Cooperation  
5.37.   Protocol III of the Agreement contains provisions relating to cultural cooperation under 
which the Parties establish a framework to facilitate the exchange of cultural activities, goods and 
services, including in the audiovisual sector. They agree to facilitate, in conformity with their 
respective legislation, the entry and temporary stay of artists and other cultural professionals 
engaged in certain types of activities for a period of up to 90 days in any twelve -month  period. The 
EU shall endeavour to provide technical assistance to the CARIFORUM States to assist in the 
development of their cultural industries. With regard to the audiovisual sector, the Parties agree to 
encourage negotiation of new and implementation o f existing co -production agreements. The 
Parties agree to facilitate, in conformity with their respective legislation, access of co -productions 
between producers of the Parties, including through the granting of preferential treatment subject WT/REG255/1  
 
- 87 - 
 
  to the condit ions laid out in Article 5.2(a) of Protocol II. Co -Produced audiovisual works will benefit 
from preferential treatment within the EU through their recognition as European works pursuant to 
the relevant EU Directive. Where preferential schemes for the promo tion of local or regional 
cultural content are established by CARIFORUM countries, such treatment will be extended to 
works co -produced between producers of the Parties.66 
5.16  Relationship  with other agreements concluded by the Parties  
5.38.   Article 241 establishes t hat in case of inconsistency between the provisions of the 
Agreement and those of the Cotonou agreement, the former prevail, except for the articles on 
development cooperation in Title II of Part III of the Cotonou Agreement.  
5.39.   According to Article 71, nothi ng shall be taken to limit the rights of investors of the Parties 
to benefit from any more favourable treatment provided for in any existing or future international 
agreement relating to investment to which the EU and the signatory CARIFORUM States are 
parties. 
5.40.   The regional trade agreements entered into by the  Parties are listed in Table 5.2.  
Table 5.2 EU and CARIFORUM Member States: Participation in other RTAs (notified and 
non-notified in force), as of 11 April 2018  
RTA Name  Date of 
entry into 
force  Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year WTO Provision  
EUROPEAN UNION  
EU - Canada  21-Sep-17 Goods & Services  2017 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Colombia and Peru – 
Accession of Ecuador  01-Jan-17 Goods & Services  2017 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Ghana  15-Dec-16 Goods  2017 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - SADC  10-Oct-16 
(4-Feb-18 
for 
Mozambique)  Goods  2017 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Côte d'Ivoire  03-Sep-16 Goods  2008 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Georgia  01-Sep-14 Goods & Services  2014 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Republic of Moldova  01-Sep-14 Goods & Services  2014 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Cameroon  04-Aug-14 Goods  2009 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Ukraine  23-Apr-14 Goods & Services  2014 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Central America  01-Aug-131 Goods & Services  2013 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Colombia and Peru and 
Ecuador  01-Mar-13 Goods & Services  2013 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Eastern and Southern Africa 
States Interim EPA  14-May-12 Goods  2012 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Republic of Korea  01-Jul-11 Goods & Services  2011 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Serbia  01-Feb-10 
01-Sep-13 Goods  
Services  2010 
2013 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
EU - Papua New Guinea / Fiji  20-Dec-09 Goods  2011 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Bosnia and Herzegovina  01-Jul-08 
01-Jun-15 Goods  
Services  2008 
2016 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
EU - Montenegro  01-Jan-08 
01-May-10 Goods  
Services  2008 
2010 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
EU - Albania  01-Dec-06 
01-Apr-09 Goods  
Services  2007 
2009 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
EU - Algeria  01-Sep-05 Goods  2006 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Egypt  01-Jun-04 Goods  2004 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Lebanon  01-Mar-03 Goods  2003 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Chile 01-Feb-03 
01-Mar-05 Goods  
Services  2004 
2005 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
EU - Jordan  01-May-02 Goods  2002 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - San Marino  01-Apr-02 Goods  2010 GATT Art. XXIV  
                                                
66 The Parties indicate that they had exchanges in July 2017 and made some progress in this regard.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 88 - 
 
  RTA Name  Date of 
entry into 
force  Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year WTO Provision  
EU - Former Yugoslav Republic of 
Macedonia  01-Jun-01 
01-Apr-04 Goods  
Services  2001 
2009 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
EU - Mexico  01-Jul-00 
01-Oct-00 Goods  
Services  2000 
2002 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
EU - Israel  01-Jun-00 Goods  2000 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Morocco  01-Mar-00 Goods  2000 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - South Africa  01-Jan-00 Goods  2000 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Tunisia  01-Mar-98 Goods  1999 GATT  Art. XXIV  
EU - Palestinian Authority  01-Jul-97 Goods  1997 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Faroe Islands  01-Jan-97 Goods  1997 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Turkey  01-Jan-96 Goods  1995 GATT Art. XXIV  
European Economic Area (EEA)  01-Jan-94 Services  1996 GATS Art. V  
EU - Andorra  01-Jul-91 Goods  1998 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Syria 01-Jul-77 Goods  1977 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Norway  01-Jul-73 Goods  1973 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Iceland  01-Apr-73 Goods  1972 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Switzerland - Liechtenstein  01-Jan-73 Goods  1972 GATT Art. XXIV 
EU – Overseas Countries and 
Territories (OCT)  01-Jan-71 Goods  1970 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Kosovo  01-Apr-16 Goods  Not notified  
CARICOM Member States - Collectively  
(Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts 
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago ) 
Caribbean Community and 
Common Market (CARICOM)  01-Aug-73 
04-Jul-02 Goods  
Services  1974 
2003 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
CARICOM - Costa Rica  15-Nov-05 Goods  Not notified  
CARICOM - Cuba 01-Jan-01 Goods  Not notified  
CARICOM - Colombia  01-Jan-95 Goods  Not notified  
CARICOM - Dominican Republic  01-Dec-01 Goods  Not notified  
CARICOM - Venezuela  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
Individual CARICOM Member States  
Global System of Trade 
Preferences among Developing 
Countries (GSTP)2 19-Apr-89 Goods  1989 Enabling Clause  
Belize - Guatemala  04-Apr-10 Goods  Not notified  
Brazil - Suriname  26-Jul-06 Goods  Not notified  
Brazil - Guyana - Saint Kitts and 
Nevis  31-May-04 Goods  Not notified  
Venezuela - Guyana  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
Venezuela - Trinidad and Tobago  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC  
Dominican Republic - Central 
America - United States Free 
Trade Agreement (CAFTA -DR) 01-Mar-06 Goods & Services  2006 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Dominican Republic - Central 
America  04-Oct-01 Goods & Services  2012 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Panama - Dominican Republic  08-Jun-87 Goods  2016 Enabling Clause  
CARICOM - Dominican Republic  01-Dec-01 Goods  Not notified  
a The notifications made in February 2013 (see WT/REG332/N/1 and S/C/N/680) stated that: 
"Provisional  application of the Agreement by all signatory parties is expected in the course of the 
second quarter 2013";  
 Further notifications to confirm the dates of entry into force between the EU and Central American 
countries  are awaited.  
b  Caricom States which are parties to the GSTP: Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago.  
Source:  WTO Secretariat.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 89 - 
 
  ANNEX 1  
1. A comparison between the scheduled elimination of tariffs applied to the Parties' mutual 
imports and the duty rates applied by them on MFN imports is shown in Tables A1.1 and A1. A-N, 
by agricultural (W TO definition), non -agricultural and total products. Applied MFN duty rates in 
2009 serve as a comparison.  
2. The EU 's overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 09 was 5.0%. The average applied 
tariff on agricultural goods was 9.1%, compared to an average  applied tariff of 4.2% on 
non-agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 24.3% of all tariff lines. Upon 
provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -free tariff lines in agricultural 
products rose from 18.0% to 98.0%, while the share of duty -free tariff lines in non -agricultural 
products rose from 26.0% to 99.7%. The average tariff for impor ts from the CARIFORUM States 
fell to zero. By the end of the transition period in 20 10, 100% of agricultural products and 99.7% 
of non -agricultural products were duty-free for imports of goods from CARIFORUM countries .  
Table A1.1 European Union: Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for 
imports from CARIFORUM States  
Origin of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of duty -
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of duty -
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable  
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiabl
e (%)  Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2009 5.0 6.7 24.3 9.1 12.4 18.0 4.2 5.7 26.0 
Cariforum  2009 0.0 2.7 99.4 0.0 0.0 98.0 0.0 2.7 99.7 
 2010 0.0 2.7 99.8 0.0 0.0 100.0  0.0 2.7 99.7 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate 
rates are included . 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by EU authorities . 
 
3. Antigua and Barbuda's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 10 was 11. 3% (Table 
A1.1A) . The average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 18.8%, compared to an average 
applied tariff of 9.9% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 5.3% of a ll 
tariff lines. Upon provisional application of the Agreement in 2009, the share of duty -free tariff 
lines rose to 9.8%; for  agricultural products the share rose from 10 .3% to 19.2%, while the share 
of duty -free tariff lines in non -agricultural products r ose from 4.4% to 8.1%. Following 10 years of 
implementation 56.6% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the end of the transition period in 2033, 
55.1% of agricultural products and 92. 7% of non -agricultural products will be duty -free for 
imports of goods f rom the EU.  
Table A1. 1A Antigua and Barbuda : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates 
for imports from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a  Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2010*  11.3 12.0 5.3 18.8 20.9 10.3 9.9 10.3 4.4 
EU 2009 11.1 12.3 9.8 18.3 22.7 19.2 9.7 10.6 8.1 
 2011 10.2 11.3 9.8 17.6 21.8 19.2 8.7 9.5 8.1 
 2013 8.9 11.3 20.8 16.8 21.0 20.0 7.4 9.4 20.9 
 2015 7.9 10.0 20.8 15.9 19.9 20.0 6.3 8.0 20.9 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 90 - 
 
  Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a  Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
 2017 6.8 8.5 20.8 15.0 18.8 20.0 5.1 6.5 20.9 
 2018 6.3 14.5 56.6 14.8 22.3 33.6 4.6 11.9 61.1 
 2019 5.6 12.9 56.6 14.2 21.4 33.6 3.9 10.1 61.1 
 2020 5.5 12.8 56.6 14.2 21.4 33.6 3.9 9.9 61.1 
 2021 4.8 11.0 56.6 13.5 20.4 33.6 3.0 7.8 61.1 
 2022 4.7 10.8 56.6 13.5 20.4 33.6 3.0 7.6 61.1 
 2023 3.7 19.1 80.6 12.9 21.7 40.6 1.9 16.4 88.4 
 2025 3.6 18.4 80.6 12.5 21.1 40.6 1.8 15.7 88.4 
 2027 3.4 17.6 80.6 12.1 20.4 40.6 1.7 14.9 88.4 
 2028 3.4 21.2 84.1 11.9 22.2 46.1 1.7 19.9 91.6 
 2029 3.3 20.8 84.1 11.7 21.8 46.1 1.7 19.6 91.6 
 2031 3.2 20.5 84.1 11.5 21.4 46.1 1.6 19.4 91.6 
 2033 3.2 23.5 86.5 11.2 25.0 55.1 1.6 21.8 92.7 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
* MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
 
4. The Bahamas'  overall average applied tariff rate in 20 09 was 34.5% (Table A1.1B) . The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 22.2%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
36.9% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 11.2% of all tariff lines. 
Upon provisional application of the Agr eement in 2009, the average tariff for imports from the EU 
fell to 27.3% overall, and 19.1% and 28.9% respectively for agricultural and non -agricultural 
products. T he share of duty -free tariff lines rose to 14.9%; for  agricultural products the share rose 
from 25.7% to 30%, while the share of duty -free tariff lines in non -agricultural products rose from 
8.4% to 11.9%. After 10 years of implementation 63.3% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the 
end of the transition period in 2033, 69.9% of agricultural p roducts and 92. 9% of non -agricultural 
products will be duty -free for imports of goods from the EU.  
Table A1. 1B Bahamas : Indicators of applied  tariff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Applied 
rate 2009 34.5 38.9 11.2 22.2 29.9 25.7 36.9 40.3 8.4 
EU 2009 27.3 32.1 14.9 19.1 27.3 30.0 28.9 32.8 11.9 
 2011 21.2 24.9 14.9 16.6 23.7 30.0 22.0 25.0 11.9 
 2013 15.6 21.2 26.2 14.3 21.9 34.6 15.9 21.1 24.6 
 2015 12.1 16.4 26.2 12.7 19.3 34.6 12.0 15.9 24.6 
 2017 8.5 11.5 26.2 11.1 16.9 34.6 8.0 10.6 24.6 
 2018 7.0 19.0 63.3 10.4 21.2 50.8 6.3 18.4 65.8 
 2019 6.1 16.7 63.3 9.9 20.1 50.8 5.4 15.8 65.8 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 91 - 
 
  Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
 2020 6.0 16.5 63.3 9.9 20.1 50.8 5.3 15.4 65.8 
 2021 5.1 13.9 63.3 9.3 18.9 50.8 4.3 12.4 65.8 
 2022 5.0 13.7 63.3 9.3 18.9 50.8 4.2 12.3 65.8 
 2023 4.0 24.7 83.9 8.7 20.5 57.4 3.1 28.0 89.0 
 2025 3.8 23.8 83.9 8.4 19.7 57.4 2.9 26.9 89.0 
 2027 3.7 22.8 83.9 8.1 18.9 57.4 2.8 25.7 89.0 
 2028 3.6 27.8 87.0 7.9 20.9 62.1 2.8 34.1 91.9 
 2029 3.5 27.4 87.0 7.7 20.4 62.1 2.7 33.8 91.9 
 2031 3.5 26.9 87.0 7.5 19.9 62.1 2.7 33.4 91.9 
 2033 3.4 31.6 89.2 7.2 24.1 69.9 2.7 37.9 92.9 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO: Applied rates from ITC, MacMap 
(transposed from HS 2007 to HS 2002 using the WCO concordance table), and the preferential 
tariffs from the Agreement . 
 
5. Barbados'  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 10 was 11. 3% (Table A1.1C) . The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 17.8%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
10.1% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 5.6% of all tariff lines. 
Upon provisional application of the Agreement in 2009, the share of duty -free tariff lines rose to 
63.2%; for agricultural products the share rose from 1 2.3% to 40.6%, while the share of duty -free 
tariff lines in non -agricultural products rose from 4.3% to 67.7%. Following 10 years of 
implementation 65.3% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the end of the transition period in 2033, 
63.2% of agricultural products and  93.7% of non -agricultural products will be duty -free for 
imports of goods from the EU.  
Table A1. 1C Barbados : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultu ral products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2010*  11.3 12.0 5.6 17.8 20.4 12.3 10.1 10.6 4.3 
EU 2009 8.5 23.5 63.2 16.2 27.9 40.6 7.1 22.0 67.7 
 2010 8.5 23.5 63.2 16.2 27.9 40.6 7.1 22.0 67.7 
 2011 7.8 21.6 63.2 15.5 26.7 40.6 6.4 19.9 67.7 
 2013 7.3 20.4 63.8 14.8 25.9 41.2 5.9 18.6 68.2 
 2015 6.7 18.7 63.8 14.0 24.5 41.2 5.3 16.8 68.2 
 2017 6.0 16.8 63.8 13.3 23.1 41.2 4.6 14.6 68.2 
 2018 5.9 17.3 65.3 13.1 24.5 44.7 4.5 14.9 69.3 
 2019 5.3 15.5 65.3 12.5 23.3 44.7 3.9 12.9 69.3 
 2020 5.2 15.3 65.3 12.5 23.3 44.7 3.9 12.7 69.3 
 2021 4.4 12.9 65.3 11.9 22.1 44.7 3.0 9.8 69.3 
 2022 4.3 12.7 65.3 11.9 22.1 44.7 2.9 9.5 69.3 
 2023 3.3 21.8 84.1 11.3 23.7 50.7 1.9 19.9 90.7 
 2025 3.2 20.9 84.1 10.9 22.9 50.7 1.8 19.0 90.7 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 92 - 
 
  Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultu ral products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
 2027 3.1 20.0 84.1 10.4 22.0 50.7 1.7 18.1 90.7 
 2028 3.0 23.8 86.9 10.3 24.4 55.9 1.6 23.0 92.9 
 2030 3.0 23.3 86.9 10.0 23.8 55.9 1.6 22.7 92.9 
 2031 2.9 22.9 86.9 9.8 23.2 55.9 1.6 22.5 92.9 
 2033 2.8 26.2 88.7 9.5 27.3 63.2 1.6 25.0 93.7 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
* only MFN2010 is available.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement . 
6. Belize's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 08 was 11. 3% (Table A1.1D) . The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 19.1%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
9.8% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 10% of all tariff lines. Upon 
provisional application of the Agreem ent in 2009, the share of duty -free tariff lines in agricultural 
products remained the same at  11.8%, while the share of duty -free tariff lines in non -agricultural 
products rose from 9.6% to 9.7%. Following 10 years of implementation 57.8% of tariff lines will 
be duty -free. By the end of the transition period in 2033, 55.2% of agricultural products and 
92.7% of non -agricultural products will be duty -free for imports of goods from the EU.  
Table A1. 1D Belize : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential r ates for imports from 
EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2008*  11.3 12.6 10.0 19.1 21.8 11.8 9.8 10.9 9.6 
EU 2009 11.3 12.6 10.0 19.1 21.8 11.8 9.8 10.9 9.7 
 2011 10.2 11.3 10.0 18.2 20.8 11.8 8.7 9.6 9.7 
 2013 9.0 11.1 19.2 17.3 20.6 15.3 7.4 9.2 19.9 
 2015 7.9 9.8 19.2 16.4 19.4 15.3 6.3 7.8 19.9 
 2017 6.7 8.3 19.2 15.4 18.3 15.3 5.1 6.4 19.9 
 2018 6.3 15.0 57.8 15.2 23.2 33.5 4.6 12.2 62.5 
 2019 5.6 13.4 57.8 14.5 22.2 33.5 3.9 10.4 62.5 
 2020 5.5 13.2 57.8 14.5 22.2 33.5 3.8 10.2 62.5 
 2021 4.8 11.4 57.8 13.9 21.2 33.5 3.0 8.2 62.5 
 2022 4.7 11.2 57.8 13.9 21.2 33.5 3.0 7.9 62.5 
 2023 3.7 20.1 81.0 13.2 22.6 40.2 1.9 17.5 88.9 
 2025 3.6 19.4 81.0 12.8 21.9 40.2 1.9 16.8 88.9 
 2027 3.5 18.6 81.0 12.4 21.2 40.2 1.8 16.0 88.9 
 2028 3.4 22.1 84.2 12.2 23.2 45.8 1.7 20.7 91.7 
 2029 3.3 21.8 84.2 12.0 22.8 45.8 1.7 20.5 91.7 
 2031 3.3 21.4 84.2 11.8 22.4 45.8 1.7 20.2 91.7 
 2033 3.2 24.8 86.6 11.4 26.6 55.2 1.7 22.7 92.7 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
* MFN 2009 is available but in HS 2007 nomenclature. MFN2008 is used as  it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 93 - 
 
  7. Dominica's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 10 was 11. 1% (Table A1.1E) . The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 17.9%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
9.8% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 6% of all  tariff lines. Upon 
provisional application of the Agreement in 2009, the share of duty -free tariff lines rose to 22.5%; 
for agricultural products the share rose from 14.6% to 26.5%, while the share of duty -free tariff 
lines in non -agricultural products ro se from 4.4% to 21.7%. Following 10 years of implementation 
58.4% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the end of the transition period in 2033, 59.9% of 
agricultural products and 92.9% of non -agricultural products will be duty -free for imports of goods 
from the EU.  
Table A1. 1E Dominica : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2010*  11.1 11.8 6.0 17.9 21.0 14.6 9.8 10.2 4.4 
EU 2009 10.5 13.5 22.5 17.3 23.6 26.5 9.2 11.7 21.7 
 2011 9.6 12.4 22.5 16.6 22.6 26.5 8.2 10.5 21.7 
 2013 8.7 11.4 23.8 15.9 21.6 26.5 7.2 9.4 23.3 
 2015 7.6 10.0 23.8 15.0 20.4 26.5 6.2 8.0 23.3 
 2017 6.5 8.5 23.8 14.2 19.3 26.5 5.0 6.5 23.3 
 2018 6.1 14.6 58.4 13.9 22.9 39.0 4.5 12.0 62.2 
 2019 5.4 13.0 58.4 13.3 21.9 39.0 3.8 10.2 62.2 
 2020 5.3 12.8 58.4 13.3 21.9 39.0 3.8 10.0 62.2 
 2021 4.6 11.0 58.4 12.7 20.8 39.0 3.0 7.9 62.2 
 2022 4.5 10.8 58.4 12.7 20.8 39.0 2.9 7.6 62.2 
 2023 3.5 19.4 81.9 12.0 22.1 45.4 1.8 16.9 89.0 
 2025 3.4 18.7 81.9 11.6 21.3 45.4 1.8 16.1 89.0 
 2027 3.2 17.9 81.9 11.2 20.5 45.4 1.7 15.3 89.0 
 2028 3.2 21.3 85.1 11.1 22.5 50.9 1.6 19.8 91.8 
 2029 3.1 21.0 85.1 10.9 22.1 50.9 1.6 19.6 91.8 
 2031 3.1 20.6 85.1 10.6 21.7 50.9 1.6 19.3 91.8 
 2033 3.0 23.9 87.5 10.3 25.7 59.9 1.6 21.8 92.9 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
* Only MFN2010 is available.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB, and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement . 
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 94 - 
 
  8. The Dominican Republic 's overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 09 was 7.6% 
(Table  A1.1F) . The average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 13.1%, compared to an 
average applied tariff of 6.6% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 
53.5% of all tariff lines. Upon provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -
free tariff lines in agricultural pr oducts rose from 31.7% to 34.1%, while the share of duty -free 
tariff lines in non -agricultural products rose from 57.6% to 72.1%. By the end of the transition 
period in 20 33, 71.2% of agricultural products and 95.2% of non -agricultural products will be 
duty-free for imports of goods from the EU .  
Table A1.1 F Dominican Republic: Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for 
imports from the EU  
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2009 7.6 16.3 53.5 13.1 19.2 31.7 6.6 15.5 57.6 
EU 2009 5.6 16.5 66.1 12.7 19.3 34.1 4.2 15.2 72.1 
 2010 5.6 16.5 66.1 12.7 19.3 34.1 4.2 15.2 72.1 
 2011 5.2 15.4 66.1 12.1 18.4 34.1 3.9 14.0 72.1 
 2012 5.2 15.4 66.1 12.1 18.4 34.1 3.9 14.0 72.1 
 2013 4.7 14.5 67.6 11.4 17.7 35.3 3.4 13.0 73.6 
 2014 4.7 14.5 67.6 11.4 17.7 35.3 3.4 13.0 73.6 
 2015 4.2 12.9 67.6 10.6 16.4 35.3 3.0 11.3 73.6 
 2016 4.2 12.9 67.6 10.6 16.4 35.3 3.0 11.3 73.6 
 2017 3.6 11.1 67.6 9.8 15.2 35.3 2.4 9.3 73.6 
 2018 3.4 14.1 75.7 9.4 17.8 47.2 2.3 12.1 81.0 
 2019 3.1 12.7 75.7 8.9 17.0 47.4 2.0 10.5 81.0 
 2020 3.1 12.6 75.7 8.9 16.9 47.4 2.0 10.3 81.0 
 2021 2.7 11.0 75.7 8.3 15.9 47.4 1.6 8.4 81.0 
 2022 2.6 10.9 75.8 8.3 15.9 47.9 1.6 8.3 81.1 
 2023 2.2 16.3 86.7 7.6 17.9 57.4 1.1 14.6 92.2 
 2024 2.2 16.3 86.7 7.6 17.9 57.4 1.1 14.6 92.2 
 2025 2.0 15.6 86.9 7.3 17.0 57.4 1.1 14.2 92.5 
 2026 2.0 15.6 86.9 7.3 17.0 57.4 1.1 14.2 92.5 
 2027 1.9 14.8 87.0 6.8 16.1 57.7 1.0 13.4 92.5 
 2028 1.9 18.3 89.8 6.7 18.7 64.2 1.0 17.9 94.6 
 2029 1.8 17.9 89.8 6.5 18.2 64.2 1.0 17.6 94.6 
 2030 1.8 17.9 89.8 6.5 18.2 64.2 1.0 17.6 94.6 
 2031 1.8 17.5 89.8 6.3 17.6 64.2 0.9 17.3 94.6 
 2032 1.8 17.5 89.8 6.3 17.6 64.2 0.9 17.3 94.6 
 2033 1.7 20.2 91.4 6.1 21.0 71.2 0.9 19.2 95.2 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation .  
 Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from the Dominican Republic authorities.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 95 - 
 
  9. Grenada's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 10 was 11. 3% (Table A1.1G) . The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 18.8%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
9.8% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 5.5% of a ll tariff lines. Upon 
provisional application of the Agreement in 2009, the share of duty -free tariff lines in agricultural 
products rose from 11.1% to 11.2%, while the share of duty -free tariff lines in non -agricultural 
products rose from 4.4% to 4.5%. Following 10 years of implementation 56.4% of tariff lines will 
be duty -free. By the end of the transition period in 2033, 55.2% of agricultural products and 
92.6% of non -agricultural products will be duty -free for imports of goods from the EU.  
Table A1. 1G Grenada : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2010*  11.3 11.9 5.5 18.8 21.2 11.1 9.8 10.2 4.4 
EU 2009 11.3 11.9 5.5 18.8 21.2 11.2 9.8 10.3 4.5 
 2011 10.3 10.9 5.5 18.0 20.2 11.2 8.8 9.2 4.5 
 2013 9.0 10.9 17.2 17.0 20.0 14.8 7.4 9.0 17.7 
 2015 7.9 9.5 17.2 16.1 18.9 14.8 6.3 7.7 17.7 
 2017 6.7 8.1 17.2 15.2 17.8 14.8 5.1 6.2 17.7 
 2018 6.3 14.4 56.4 14.9 22.4 33.3 4.6 11.7 60.9 
 2019 5.6 12.8 56.4 14.3 21.4 33.3 3.9 9.9 60.9 
 2020 5.5 12.6 56.4 14.3 21.4 33.3 3.8 9.7 60.9 
 2021 4.7 10.8 56.4 13.6 20.5 33.3 3.0 7.7 60.9 
 2022 4.7 10.7 56.4 13.6 20.5 33.3 2.9 7.4 60.9 
 2023 3.7 18.9 80.5 13.0 21.8 40.2 1.9 15.9 88.3 
 2025 3.5 18.2 80.5 12.6 21.1 40.2 1.8 15.2 88.3 
 2027 3.4 17.4 80.5 12.2 20.4 40.2 1.7 14.4 88.3 
 2028 3.3 20.9 84.1 12.0 22.2 45.8 1.6 19.2 91.5 
 2029 3.3 20.6 84.1 11.8 21.9 45.8 1.6 18.9 91.5 
 2031 3.2 20.2 84.1 11.6 21.4 45.8 1.6 18.7 91.5 
 2033 3.1 23.3 86.5 11.3 25.2 55.2 1.6 21.0 92.6 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
* MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 96 - 
 
  10. Guyana's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 09 was 11.9% (Table A1.1H) . The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 22.4%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
9.9% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 9.3% of a ll tariff lines. Upon 
provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -free tariff lines in agricultural 
products rose from 10% to 22.8%, while the share of duty -free tariff lines in non -agricultural 
products rose from 9.2% to 57.7%. By the end of the transition period in 20 33, 55% of 
agricultural products and 92.8% of non -agricultural products will be  duty-free for imports of goods 
from the EU .  
Table A1. 1H Guyana : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2009 11.9 13.2 9.3 22.4 24.9 10.0 9.9 10.9 9.2 
EU 2009 9.7 20.1 52.0 21.6 28.0 22.8 7.3 17.3 57.7 
 2011 9.0 18.8 52.0 20.8 27.0 22.8 6.7 15.9 57.7 
 2013 8.4 18.1 53.7 20.1 26.1 23.2 6.1 15.1 59.6 
 2015 7.6 16.4 53.7 19.2 25.0 23.2 5.4 13.3 59.6 
 2017 6.8 14.6 53.7 18.4 23.9 23.2 4.5 11.2 59.6 
 2018 6.6 17.4 62.1 18.2 27.6 34.3 4.3 13.4 67.6 
 2019 6.0 15.7 62.1 17.5 26.7 34.3 3.7 11.4 67.6 
 2020 5.9 15.6 62.1 17.5 26.7 34.3 3.6 11.2 67.6 
 2021 5.2 13.7 62.1 16.9 25.7 34.3 2.9 8.9 67.6 
 2022 5.1 13.5 62.1 16.9 25.7 34.3 2.8 8.7 67.6 
 2023 4.3 22.8 81.2 16.3 27.2 40.1 1.9 18.0 89.2 
 2025 4.1 22.1 81.2 15.9 26.5 40.1 1.9 17.2 89.2 
 2027 4.0 21.3 81.2 15.4 25.8 40.1 1.8 16.4 89.2 
 2028 3.9 25.0 84.3 15.3 28.2 45.7 1.7 21.0 91.9 
 2029 3.9 24.7 84.3 15.1 27.8 45.7 1.7 20.7 91.9 
 2031 3.8 24.4 84.3 14.9 27.3 45.7 1.7 20.5 91.9 
 2033 3.7 27.9 86.6 14.5 32.3 55.0 1.6 22.7 92.8 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 07 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from the Guyana authorities and WTO -IDB. 
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 97 - 
 
  11. Jamaica's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 07/2008  was 8.6% (Table A1.1I) . The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 18.4%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
6.7% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 60.2% of all tariff lines. 
Upon provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -free tariff lines rose to 
61.3%; for  agricultural products the share rose from 37.8% to 40%, while the share of duty -free 
tariff lines in non -agricultural products rose from 64.6% to 65.5%. After 10 years of 
implementation 64.1% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the end of the transition  period in 20 33, 
59.6% of agricultural products and 93.6% of non -agricultural products will be  duty-free for 
imports of goods from the EU .  
Table A1. 1I Jamaica : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2007/
2008 8.6 21.7 60.2 18.4 29.6 37.8 6.7 19.0 64.6 
EU 2009 8.5 22.1 61.3 18.3 30.4 40.0 6.6 19.3 65.5 
 2010 8.5 22.1 61.3 18.3 30.4 40.0 6.6 19.3 65.5 
 2011 8.2 21.2 61.3 17.6 29.4 40.0 6.3 18.4 65.5 
 2012 8.2 21.2 61.3 17.6 29.4 40.0 6.3 18.4 65.5 
 2013 7.6 19.9 61.6 17.0 28.3 40.0 5.8 17.1 65.9 
 2014 7.6 19.9 61.6 17.0 28.3 40.0 5.8 17.1 65.9 
 2015 6.9 18.1 61.6 16.2 27.0 40.0 5.1 15.0 65.9 
 2016 6.9 18.1 61.6 16.2 27.0 40.0 5.1 15.0 65.9 
 2017 6.2 16.1 61.6 15.5 25.8 40.0 4.3 12.7 65.9 
 2018 6.1 16.9 64.1 15.4 26.6 42.1 4.2 13.4 68.4 
 2019 5.4 15.1 64.1 14.8 25.5 42.1 3.6 11.3 68.4 
 2020 5.4 14.9 64.1 14.8 25.5 42.1 3.5 11.1 68.4 
 2021 4.6 12.9 64.1 14.2 24.5 42.1 2.8 8.7 68.4 
 2022 4.6 12.7 64.1 14.2 24.5 42.1 2.7 8.5 68.4 
 2023 3.7 22.2 83.3 13.6 25.6 46.9 1.8 18.6 90.5 
 2024 3.7 22.2 83.3 13.6 25.6 46.9 1.8 18.6 90.5 
 2025 3.6 21.5 83.3 13.2 24.9 46.9 1.7 17.8 90.5 
 2026 3.6 21.5 83.3 13.2 24.9 46.9 1.7 17.8 90.5 
 2027 3.4 20.6 83.3 12.8 24.0 46.9 1.6 16.9 90.5 
 2028 3.4 24.4 86.1 12.6 26.4 52.2 1.6 21.7 92.8 
 2029 3.3 24.0 86.1 12.4 26.0 52.2 1.5 21.5 92.8 
 2030 3.3 24.0 86.1 12.4 26.0 52.2 1.5 21.5 92.8 
 2031 3.3 23.7 86.1 12.2 25.6 52.2 1.5 21.2 92.8 
 2032 3.3 23.7 86.1 12.2 25.6 52.2 1.5 21.2 92.8 
 2033 3.2 26.9 88.0 12.0 29.6 59.6 1.5 23.5 93.6 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Jamaican authorities . 
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 98 - 
 
  12. St Kitts and Nevis'  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 2010 was 11.1% (Table A1.1J) . 
The average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 17.4%, compared to an average applied tariff 
of 9.9% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 5.6% of a ll tariff lines. 
Upon provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -free tariff lines rose to 
23.1%; for agricultural products the share rose from 10.3% to 23.2%, while the share of duty -free 
tariff lines in non -agricultural products rose from 4.7% to 23.1%. After 10 years of implementation 
57.8% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the end of the transition period in 20 33, 55.6% of 
agricultural products and 92.7% of non -agricultural products will be  duty-free for imports of goods 
from the EU .  
Table A1. 1J St. Kitts and Nevis : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for 
imports from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2010*  11.1 11.8 5.6 17.4 19.5 10.3 9.9 10.4 4.7 
EU 2009 10.2 13.3 23.1 16.7 21.9 23.2 9.0 11.7 23.1 
 2011 9.5 12.3 23.1 16.0 21.0 23.2 8.2 10.7 23.1 
 2013 8.5 11.7 27.4 15.2 20.1 23.7 7.2 10.0 28.1 
 2015 7.5 10.4 27.4 14.4 19.0 23.7 6.2 8.6 28.1 
 2017 6.5 8.9 27.4 13.5 17.8 23.7 5.1 7.1 28.1 
 2018 6.0 14.4 57.8 13.3 20.8 35.5 4.6 12.3 62.2 
 2019 5.3 12.7 57.8 12.6 19.9 35.5 4.0 10.5 62.2 
 2020 5.3 12.5 57.8 12.6 19.9 35.5 3.9 10.2 62.2 
 2021 4.5 10.7 57.8 12.0 18.8 35.5 3.1 8.1 62.2 
 2022 4.4 10.5 57.8 12.0 18.8 35.5 3.0 7.8 62.2 
 2023 3.4 18.4 81.1 11.4 19.9 42.1 1.9 16.9 88.7 
 2025 3.3 17.7 81.1 11.0 19.3 42.1 1.8 16.2 88.7 
 2027 3.1 16.9 81.1 10.5 18.5 42.1 1.7 15.4 88.7 
 2028 3.1 20.1 84.4 10.4 20.2 47.6 1.7 20.0 91.6 
 2029 3.0 19.8 84.4 10.2 19.9 47.6 1.7 19.7 91.6 
 2031 3.0 19.5 84.4 10.0 19.4 47.6 1.6 19.5 91.6 
 2033 2.9 22.2 86.6 9.7 22.4 55.6 1.6 21.9 92.7 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
* MFN 2009 is available but in HS 1996 nomenclature. MFN2010 is used as it has the same HS 2002 
nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the 
preferential tariffs from the Agreement.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 99 - 
 
  13. St Lucia's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 2007/2008  was 10.1% (Table A1.1K) . 
The average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 17.7%, compared to an average applied tariff 
of 8.6% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted f or 39.3% of all tariff lines. 
Upon provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -free tariff lines for to 
45.6%; for agricultural products the share rose from 25.1% to 40.9%, while the share of duty -free 
tariff lines in non -agricultur al products rose from 42% to 46.5%. Following 10 years of 
implementation 64.3% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the end of the transition period in 20 33, 
65.6% of agricultural products and 93.5% of non -agricultural products will be  duty-free for 
impor ts of goods from the EU .  
Table A1.1 K St. Lucia: Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from EU  
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2007/
2008 10.1 16.6 39.3 17.7 23.7 25.1 8.6 14.8 42.0 
EU 2009 9.5 17.4 45.6 15.4 26.2 40.9 8.3 15.5 46.5 
 2011 8.6 15.8 45.6 14.8 25.2 40.9 7.4 13.8 46.5 
 2013 7.9 14.5 45.8 14.2 24.2 40.9 6.6 12.5 46.8 
 2015 7.0 13.0 45.8 13.5 23.0 40.9 5.8 10.8 46.8 
 2017 6.1 11.3 45.8 12.9 21.9 40.9 4.8 9.0 46.8 
 2018 5.8 16.4 64.3 12.7 25.1 48.9 4.5 13.8 67.3 
 2019 5.2 14.6 64.3 12.2 24.0 48.9 3.8 11.7 67.3 
 2020 5.1 14.4 64.3 12.2 24.0 48.9 3.7 11.4 67.3 
 2021 4.4 12.3 64.3 11.7 23.0 48.9 3.0 9.1 67.3 
 2022 4.3 12.1 64.3 11.7 23.0 48.9 2.9 8.9 67.3 
 2023 3.5 22.2 84.3 11.1 24.0 53.4 2.0 20.4 90.3 
 2025 3.3 21.4 84.3 10.8 23.3 53.4 1.9 19.6 90.3 
 2027 3.2 20.6 84.3 10.4 22.5 53.4 1.8 18.8 90.3 
 2028 3.2 24.3 86.9 10.3 24.5 57.7 1.8 24.1 92.6 
 2029 3.1 23.9 86.9 10.1 24.0 57.7 1.8 23.8 92.6 
 2031 3.1 23.5 86.9 9.9 23.5 57.7 1.7 23.6 92.6 
 2033 3.0 27.2 88.9 9.6 28.1 65.6 1.7 26.2 93.5 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from St. Lucia authorities . 
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 100 - 
 
  14. St Vincent and the Grenadines'  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 2007/2008  was 
10.9% (Table A1.1L) . The average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 17.7%, compared to an 
average applied tariff of 9.5% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 
8.5% of all tariff lines. Upon provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -
free tariff lines did not change . After 10 years of implementation 56.7% of tariff lines will be duty-
free. By the end of the transition period in 20 33, 55% of agricultural products and 92.7% of 
non-agricultural products will be  duty-free for imports of goods from the EU .  
Table A1. 1L St. Vincent and the Grenadines : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and 
preferential rates for imports from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2007/
2008 10.9 11.9 8.5 17.7 19.8 10.6 9.5 10.4 8.1 
EU 2009 10.8 11.9 8.5 17.7 19.8 10.6 9.5 10.4 8.1 
 2011 9.9 10.9 8.5 16.8 18.8 10.6 8.6 9.4 8.1 
 2013 8.7 10.7 18.1 15.9 18.5 14.2 7.4 9.1 18.8 
 2015 7.7 9.4 18.1 14.9 17.4 14.2 6.3 7.7 18.8 
 2017 6.5 8.0 18.1 14.0 16.3 14.2 5.1 6.3 18.8 
 2018 6.0 14.0 56.7 13.7 20.5 32.8 4.6 11.8 61.4 
 2019 5.4 12.4 56.7 13.1 19.5 32.8 3.9 10.0 61.4 
 2020 5.3 12.3 56.7 13.1 19.5 32.8 3.8 9.8 61.4 
 2021 4.5 10.5 56.7 12.4 18.5 32.8 3.0 7.8 61.4 
 2022 4.5 10.3 56.7 12.4 18.5 32.8 2.9 7.5 61.4 
 2023 3.5 18.1 80.7 11.8 19.7 40.0 1.9 16.5 88.7 
 2025 3.3 17.4 80.7 11.4 19.1 40.0 1.8 15.8 88.7 
 2027 3.2 16.7 80.7 10.9 18.3 40.0 1.7 15.0 88.7 
 2028 3.1 19.8 84.1 10.8 20.0 45.6 1.6 19.5 91.6 
 2029 3.1 19.5 84.1 10.6 19.6 45.6 1.6 19.2 91.6 
 2031 3.0 19.1 84.1 10.3 19.2 45.6 1.6 19.0 91.6 
 2033 2.9 22.0 86.5 10.0 22.5 55.0 1.6 21.4 92.7 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from St. Vincent and the Grenadines authorities . 
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 101 - 
 
  15. Suriname's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 2011 was 11.3% (Table A1.1M) . The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 19%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
9.7% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 5.1% of all tariff lines. Upon 
provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -free tariff lines rose to 10.6%; 
for agricultural products the share rose from 9.8% to 13.7%, whi le the share of duty -free tariff 
lines in non -agricultural products rose from 4.2% to 10.1%. Following 10 years of implementation 
57.9% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the end of the transition period in 20 33, 55.8% of 
agricultural products and 92.8% of non -agricultural products will be  duty-free for imports of goods 
from the EU .  
Table A1. 1M Suriname : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural pr oducts  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Over
all 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2011*  11.3 11.9 5.1 19.0 21.1 9.8 9.7 10.2 4.2 
EU 2009 10.9 12.2 10.6 18.6 21.5 13.7 9.4 10.4 10.1 
 2011 9.9 11.1 10.6 17.8 20.6 13.7 8.4 9.3 10.1 
 2013 8.7 11.1 21.7 16.9 20.4 17.3 7.1 9.2 22.6 
 2014 8.7 11.1 21.7 16.9 20.4 17.3 7.1 9.2 22.6 
 2015 7.7 9.8 21.7 16.0 19.3 17.3 6.0 7.8 22.6 
 2017 6.5 8.4 21.7 15.1 18.2 17.3 4.9 6.3 22.6 
 2018 6.1 14.5 57.9 14.8 22.6 34.7 4.4 11.8 62.5 
 2019 5.4 12.9 57.9 14.2 21.7 34.7 3.7 9.9 62.5 
 2020 5.4 12.8 57.9 14.2 21.7 34.7 3.7 9.8 62.5 
 2021 4.6 11.0 57.9 13.5 20.7 34.7 2.9 7.7 62.5 
 2022 4.6 10.9 57.9 13.5 20.7 34.7 2.8 7.5 62.5 
 2023 3.6 19.2 81.1 12.9 21.9 41.0 1.8 16.3 89.0 
 2025 3.5 18.5 81.1 12.6 21.3 41.0 1.7 15.6 89.0 
 2027 3.4 17.8 81.1 12.1 20.6 41.0 1.6 14.8 89.0 
 2028 3.3 21.0 84.4 12.0 22.5 46.6 1.6 19.2 91.7 
 2029 3.2 20.7 84.4 11.8 22.1 46.6 1.6 18.9 91.7 
 2031 3.2 20.3 84.4 11.6 21.7 46.6 1.5 18.7 91.7 
 2033 3.1 23.4 86.7 11.2 25.4 55.8 1.5 20.9 92.8 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature . 
* MFN 2009 and MFN 2010 are available but in HS 2007 nomenclature. MFN2011 is used as it has the 
same HS 2002 nomenclature as the preferential tariffs.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed by the WTO using MFN from the WTO -IDB and the 
preferen tial tariffs from the Agreement.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 102 - 
 
  16. Trinidad and Tobago's  overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 2007/2008  was 8.4% 
(Table  A1.1N) . The average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 17.1%, compared to an 
average applied tariff of 6.8% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 
61.5% of all tariff lines. Upon provisional application of the Agreement  in 2009 , the share of duty -
free tariff lines rose to 61.7&; for  agricultural products the share rose from 37.8% to 38.2%, while 
the share of duty -free tariff lines in non -agricultural products rose from 66.1% to 66.3%. 
Following 10 years of implementation 64% of tariff lines will be duty -free. By the end of the 
transition period in 20 33, 58.8% of agricultural products and 93.6% of non -agricultural products 
will be  duty-free for imports of goods from the EU .  
Table A1. 1N Trinidad and Tobago : Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for 
imports from EU 
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2007/
2008 8.4 22.0 61.5 17.1 27.9 37.8 6.8 20.0 66.1 
EU 2009 8.4 22.1 61.7 17.1 28.0 38.2 6.8 20.0 66.3 
 2011 8.0 21.0 61.7 16.4 27.0 38.2 6.4 19.0 66.3 
 2013 7.4 19.7 62.0 15.8 25.9 38.2 5.9 17.6 66.6 
 2015 6.7 17.9 62.0 15.0 24.6 38.2 5.2 15.5 66.6 
 2017 6.0 15.8 62.0 14.2 23.3 38.2 4.4 13.1 66.6 
 2018 5.9 16.4 64.0 14.1 24.5 41.4 4.3 13.5 68.4 
 2019 5.2 14.5 64.0 13.5 23.4 41.4 3.6 11.4 68.4 
 2020 5.1 14.3 64.0 13.5 23.4 41.4 3.5 11.2 68.4 
 2021 4.4 12.3 64.0 12.8 22.3 41.4 2.8 8.8 68.4 
 2022 4.3 12.1 64.0 12.8 22.3 41.4 2.7 8.5 68.4 
 2023 3.5 21.1 83.2 12.2 23.2 46.2 1.8 18.9 90.4 
 2025 3.4 20.4 83.2 11.9 22.5 46.2 1.7 18.1 90.4 
 2027 3.2 19.5 83.2 11.4 21.7 46.2 1.6 17.3 90.4 
 2028 3.2 23.1 86.0 11.3 23.9 51.5 1.6 22.1 92.7 
 2029 3.1 22.7 86.0 11.1 23.4 51.5 1.6 21.8 92.7 
 2031 3.1 22.4 86.0 10.9 23.0 51.5 1.6 21.6 92.7 
 2033 3.0 25.4 87.9 10.6 26.6 58.8 1.5 23.9 93.6 
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  Based on HS 20 02 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Trinidad and Tobago authorities . 
 
 
17. Table s A1.2 A-N indicate  the market access opportunities in the EU  for the CARIFORUM 
countries'  top 25  exports. The table s show in which year all HS 8 -digit tariff lines corresponding to 
the product definition will  or have  become duty free under the Agreement.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 103 - 
 
  18. Antigua and Barbuda's  top 25 exports cover a total of 104 HS lines which in 2005, 2007 and 
2009 accounted on average  for 90.2% of its global exports. 24  of these lines were already 
duty-free on an MFN basis in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized upon 
provisional application of the Agreement.   
Table A1.2 European Union: Market access opportunities under the agreement for the 
CARIFORUM partners' top 25 exports to the world  
 
A. Antigua and Barbuda  
Antigua and Barbuda's top export products in 2005, 2007, 
2009*  Access Conditions to EU's import marke ts 
MFN (2009)  
Duty -
free  
in 
2009  HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
271011  -- light oils and preparations  18.2 4.7  12 12 
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals  18.2 3.8  25 25 
271091  -- containing polychlorinated biphenyls  18.2 3.5  1 1 
271099  Waste oils containing mainly petroleum 
or bituminous minerals  18.2 3.5  1 1 
851769  Apparatus for the transmission  or 
reception of voice, images or other 
data 2.6 1.9 4 1 1 
852580  - television cameras, digital cameras 
and video camera  recorders  2.2 5.4 1 4 4 
890399  Vessels for pleasure or sports; rowing 
boats  1.9 2.0  3 3 
711319  -- of other precious metal, whether  or 
not plated or clad with precious metal  1.7 2.5  1 1 
630630  - sails 1.7 12.0  1 1 
840991  -- suitable for use solely or principally 
with spark -ignition internal combustion 
piston engines  1.1 2.7  1 1 
890310  - inflatable  0.9 2.2  2 2 
721240  - painted,  varnished or coated with 
plastics  0.8 0.0 2   
732690  Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s.  0.6 2.7  10 10 
850213  -- of an output exceeding 375 kva  0.6 2.7  3 3 
890391  -- sailboats, with or without auxiliary 
motor  0.6 1.1 1 2 2 
490700  Unused postage, revenue or similar 
stamps of current or new issue  0.5 0.0 3   
220210  - waters, including min eral waters and 
aerated waters  0.4 9.6  1 1 
320890  Paints and varnishes based, incl. 
enamels and lacquers polymers and 
solutions of collodion  0.4 3.9 2 3 3 
220830  - whiskies  0.3 0.0 10   
852610  - radar apparatus  0.3 3.7  1 1 
890392  -- motorboats, other than outboard 
motorboats  0.3 1.1 1 2 2 
850211  -- of an output not exceeding 75 kva  0.2 2.7  2 2 
840999  Parts suitable for use solely or 
principally with compression -ignition 
internal combustion piston engine 
"diesel or semi -diesel engine", n.e.s.  0.2 2.7  1 1 
821210  - razors  0.2 2.7  2 2 
851850  - electric sound amplifier sets  0.2 2.0  1 1 
Total of above  90.2  24 80 80 
* available years .  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 104 - 
 
  19. The Bahamas'  top 25 exports cover a total of 103 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 86.5% of its global exports. 22  of these lines were already duty -free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized upon provisional application of the 
Agreement.   
B. Bahamas  
Bahamas' top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import 
markets  
MFN (2009)  
Duty -
free  
in 
2009  HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
390311  -- expansible  23.2 6.5  1 1 
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, 
n.e.s.  19.7 3.8  25 25 
030611  -- rock lobster and other sea crawfish  12.6 12.5  2 2 
293359  Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen 
hetero -atom[s] only  10.2 2.2 2 1 1 
220840  - rum and other spirits obtained by 
distilling fermented sugar -cane 
products  3.7 - 2 4 4 
251710  - pebbles, gravel, broken or crushed 
stone  2.5 0.0 3   
271011  -- light oils and preparations  1.6 4.7  12 12 
330300  Perfumes and toilet waters.  1.6 0.0 2   
732690  Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s.  1.6 2.7  10 10 
250100  Salt  1.5 - 2 3 3 
850239  Generating sets  0.9 2.7  2 2 
300490  Medicaments consisting of mixed or 
unmixed products for therapeutic or 
prophylactic purposes  0.9 0.0 4   
722790  Bars and rods of alloy steel other than 
stainless, hot -rolled, in irregularly 
wound coils  0.9 0.0 3   
030621  -- rock lobster and other sea crawfish  0.8 12.5  1 1 
250590  Natural sands of all kinds, whether or 
not coloured  0.8 0.0 1   
890190  - other vessels for the transport of 
goods and other vessels for the 
transport of both persons and goods  0.7 1.1 1 2 2 
630900  Worn clothing and other worn articles.  0.6 5.3  1 1 
848790  Parts of machinery of chapter 84, not 
intended for a specific purpose, n.e.s.  0.5 1.7  7 7 
330790  Depilatories and other perfumery, 
toilet or cosmetic preparations, n.e.s.  0.4 6.5  1 1 
890400  Tugs and pusher craft.  0.4 0.6 2 1 1 
840991  -- suitable for use solely or principally 
with spark -ignition internal combustion 
piston engines  0.4 2.7  1 1 
291590  Saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids  0.4 5.5  1 1 
850211  -- of an output not exceeding 75 kva  0.3 2.7  2 2 
870490  Motor vehicles for the transport of 
goods  0.3 10.0  1 1 
820559  Hand tools, incl. glaziers'' diamonds, of 
base metal, n.e.s.  0.3 3.0  3 3 
Total of above  86.5  22 81 81 
- combination of 0% and specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 105 - 
 
  20. Barbados'  top 25 exports cover a total of 82 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 70.2% of its global exports. 21  of these lines were already duty -free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
C. Barbados  
Barbados' top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  Duty -
free  
in 
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff  lines  
2009  
2010  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, 
n.e.s.  17.2 3.8  25 25  
270900  Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals, crude.  9.4 0.0 2    
220840  - rum and other spirits obtained by 
distilling fermented sugar -cane 
products  7.3 - 2 4 4  
300490  Medicaments consisting of mixed or 
unmixed products  5.9 0.0 4    
170111  -- cane sugar  5.0 37.9 €/100
 kg/net   2  2 
711319  -- of other precious metal, whether or 
not plated or clad with precious metal  2.8 2.5  1 1  
252329  Portland cement (excl. white, whether 
or not artificially coloured)  2.6 1.7  1 1  
853339  Wirewound variable electrical resistors, 
incl. rheostats and potentiometers, for 
a power handling capacity > 20 W  2.2 0.0 1    
482110  - printed  1.9 0.0 2    
151710  - margarine, excluding liquid 
margarine  1.8 12.2  2 2  
731029  Tanks, casks, drums, cans, boxes and 
similar containers, of iron or steel  1.5 2.7  2 2  
902190  Articles and appliances, which are 
worn or carried, or implanted in the 
body 1.5 0.0 2    
190531  -- sweet biscuits  1.2 24.2  5 5  
150790  Soya-bean oil and its fractions, 
whether or not refined  1.1 7.4  2 2  
252390  - other hydraulic cements  1.0 1.7  2 2  
330300  Perfumes and toilet waters.  0.9 0.0 2    
380850  - goods specified in subheading note 1 
to this chapter  0.9 6.0  1 1  
380891  -- insecticides  0.9 6.0  5 5  
940600  Prefabricated buildings.  0.9 2.7  5 5  
853340  - other variable resistors, including 
rheostats and potentiometers  0.8 0.0 2    
761010  - doors, windows and their frames and 
thresholds for doors  0.8 6.0  1 1  
910211  -- with mechanical display only  0.7 4.5  1 1  
321000  Other paints and varnishes (including 
enamels, lacquers and distempers  0.7 6.5  2 2  
220870  - liqueurs and cordials  0.7 0.0 2    
300390  Medicaments consisting of two or more 
constituents mixed together for 
therapeutic or prophylactic uses  0.6 0.0 2    
Total of above  70.2  21 61 59 2 
- combination of 0% and specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 106 - 
 
  21. Belize's  top 25 exports cover a total of 82 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 94.3% of its global exports. 13  of these lines were already  duty-free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
D. Belize  
Belize's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  Duty -
free  
in 
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
2009  
2010  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
270900  Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals, crude.  27.4 0.0 2    
200911  Frozen orange juice, unfermented, 
whether or not containing added sugar 
or other sweetening matter  17.0 24.4  4 4  
170111  
-- cane sugar  15.7 37.9 €/100
 kg/net   2  2 
080300  Bananas, including plantains, fresh or 
dried.  9.4 16.0  3 3  
030613  -- shrimps and prawns  6.4 13.2  5 5  
080720  - papaws (papayas)  4.8 0.0 1    
200921  -- of a brix value not exceeding 20  3.6 12.0  1 1  
030612  -- lobsters  1.5 11.0  2 2  
030619  -- other, including flours, meals and 
pellets of crustaceans, fit for human 
consumption  1.2 10.5  3 3  
610190  - of other textile materials  1.1 12.0  2 2  
030611  -- rock lobster and other sea crawfish  1.1 12.5  2 2  
170310  
- cane molasses  0.8 0.35 €/100
 kg/net   1 1  
071310  - peas (pisum sativum)  0.7 0.0 2    
330112  -- of orange  0.5 5.7  2 2  
071333  -- kidney beans, including white pea 
beans (phaseolus vulgaris)  0.5 0.0 2    
080510  - oranges  0.4 14.7  2 2  
481810  - toilet paper  0.3 0.0 2    
210390  Preparations for sauces and prepared 
sauces  0.3 2.6 2 1 1  
330119  Essential oils of citrus fruit, whether or 
not terpeneless  0.3 5.7  2 2  
030339  Frozen flat fish  0.3 10.0  3 3  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, 
n.e.s.  0.2 3.8  25 25  
902300  Instruments, apparatus and models, 
designed for demonstrational purposes  0.2 1.4  2 2  
200941  -- of a brix value not exceeding 20  0.2 15.5  3 3  
440721  -- mahogany (swietenia spp.)  0.1 1.5 1 2 2  
440722  -- virola, imbuia and balsa  0.1 1.5 1 2 2  
Total  of above  94.3  13 69 67 2 
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 107 - 
 
  22. Dominica's  top 25 exports cover a total of 81 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 94.1% of its global exports. 14  of these lines were already duty -free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized in 2009.  
E. Dominica  
Dominica's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  
Duty -free  
in 
2009  HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
080300  Bananas, including plantains, fresh 
or dried.  19.7 16.0  3 3 
340111  -- for toilet use (including medicated 
products)  19.7 0.0 1   
330610  - dentifrices  8.7 0.0 1   
340119  Soap and organic surface -active 
products and preparations  8.5 0.0 1   
321000  Other paints and varnishes  7.5 6.5  2 2 
251710  - pebbles, gravel, broken or  crushed 
stone  5.1 0.0 3   
250590  Natural sands of all kinds, whether or 
not coloured  4.8 0.0 1   
071490  Roots and tubers of arrowroot, salep, 
Jerusalem artichokes and similar 
roots  3.9 3.8  3 3 
080440  - avocados  2.1 4.4  1 1 
330129  Essential oils, whether or not 
terpeneless, incl. concretes and 
absolutes  1.7 1.6 2 4 4 
210390  Preparations for sauces and prepared 
sauces; mixed condiments and 
seasonings  1.4 2.6 2 1 1 
380850  - goods specified in subheading note 
1 to this chapter  1.4 6.0  1 1 
380894  -- disinfectants  1.4 6.0  3 3 
080510  - oranges  1.2 14.7  2 2 
340220  - preparations put up for retail sale  1.0 4.0  2 2 
340290  Surface -active prep arations, washing 
preparations  0.9 4.0  2 2 
220290  Non-alcoholic beverages  0.8 6.7  4 4 
080540  - grapefruit, including pomelos  0.7 1.8  1 1 
220190  Ordinary natural water, not 
containing added sugar, other 
sweetening matter or flavoured; ice 
and snow  0.6 0.0 1   
070990  Fresh or chilled vegetables  0.6 8.6  10 10 
080119  Fresh coconuts, whether or not 
shelled or peeled  0.5 0.0 1   
200980  - juice of any other single fruit or 
vegetable  0.5 19.7  21 21 
081090  Fresh tamarinds, cashew apples, 
jackfruit, lychees, sapodillo plums, 
passion fruit, carambola, pitahaya 
and other edible fruit  0.4 7.2 1 4 4 
080430  - pineapples  0.4 5.8  1 1 
071420  - sweet potatoes  0.4 3.8  2 2 
Total of above  94.1  14 67 67 
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 108 - 
 
  23. The Dominican Republic's  top 25 exports cover a total of 79 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 
accounted on average for 69.6% of its global exports. 22  of these lines were already duty -free on 
an MFN basis in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
F. Dominican Republic  
Dominican Republic's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  Duty -free  
in 
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff  lines  
2009  
2010  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
720260  - ferro-nickel  12.3 0.0 1    
711319  -- of other precious metal, whether or 
not plated or clad with precious metal  7.8 2.5  1 1  
901890  - other instruments and appliances  5.2 0.0 10    
240210  - cigars, cheroots and cigarillos, 
containing tobacco  4.8 26.0  1 1  
271011  -- light oils and preparations  4.5 4.7  12 12  
621210  - brassières  3.4 6.5  2 2  
853650  - other switches  2.9 1.3 3 4 4  
620342  -- of cotton  2.7 12.0  7 7  
640590  Footwear with outer soles of rubber or 
plastics  2.7 10.5  2 2  
520811  -- plain weave, weighing not more 
than 100 g/m2  2.3 8.0  2 2  
902230  - x-ray tubes  2.1 2.1  1 1  
481890  Paper, cellulose wadding or webs of 
cellulose fibres  2.0 0.0 2    
620711  -- of cotton  1.8 12.0  1 1  
721420  - containing indentations, ribs, grooves 
or other deformations produced during 
the rolling process or twisted after 
rolling  1.6 0.0 1    
610990  - of other textile materials  1.6 12.0  2 2  
620791  -- of cotton  1.5 12.0  1 1  
170111  -- cane sugar  1.4 37.9 €/1
00 kg/ne
t  2  2 
180100  Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or 
roasted.  1.4 0.0 1    
853690  - other apparatus  1.3 1.2 2 2 2  
853110  - burglar or fire alarms and similar 
apparatus  1.2 2.2  2 2  
080300  Bananas, including plantains, fresh or 
dried.  1.1 16.0  3 3  
520819  -- other fabrics  1.0 8.0  1 1  
220840  - rum and other spirits obtained by 
distilling fermented sugar -cane 
products  1.0 - 2 4 4  
620349  -- of other textile materials  0.9 12.0  6 6  
392640  - statuettes and other ornamental  
articles  0.8 6.5  1 1  
Total of above  69.6  22 57 55 2 
- combination of 0% and specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 109 - 
 
  24. Grenada's  top 25 exports cover a total of 63 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 82.9% of its global exports. 17 of these lines were already duty -free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
G. Grenada  
Grenada's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import 
markets  
MFN (2009)  
Duty -
free  
in 
2009  HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
110100  Wheat or meslin flour.  17.7 172 €/t  3 3 
030342  -- yellowfin tunas  9.1 21.4  7 7 
090810  - nutmeg  8.7 0.0 1   
481810  - toilet paper  8.3 0.0 2   
230990  Preparations of a kind used in animal 
feeding  5.4 7.0 1 15 15 
630629  -- of other textile materials  4.4 12.0  1 1 
180100  Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or 
roasted.  3.7 0.0 1   
321000  Other paints and varnishes  2.6 6.5  2 2 
711319  -- of other precious metal, whether or 
not plated or clad with precious metal  2.3 2.5  1 1 
610910  - of cotton  2.2 12.0  1 1 
870323  -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 
1,500 cc but not exceeding 3,000 cc  2.2 10.0  3 3 
851762  -- machines for the reception, 
conversion and transmission or 
regeneration of voice, images or other 
data, including switching and  routing 
apparatus  2.0 0.0 1   
851761  -- base stations  2.0 0.0 1   
851712  -- telephones for cellular networks or 
for other wireless networks  1.9 0.0 1   
852560  - transmission apparatus incorporating 
reception apparatus  1.9 0.0 1   
842620  - tower cranes  1.3 0.0 1   
721070  - painted, varnished or coated with 
plastics  1.3 0.0 2   
721030  - electrolytically plated or coated with 
zinc 1.1 0.0 1   
890200  Fishing vessels; factory ships and 
other vessels for processing or 
preserving fishery products.  0.9 0.6 2 1 1 
030341  -- albacore or longfinned tunas  0.7 22.0  4 4 
842611  -- overhead travelling cranes on fixed 
support  0.7 0.0 1   
220290  Non-alcoholic beverages (excl. water, 
fruit or vegetable juices and milk)  0.7 6.7  4 4 
910219  Wrist-watches, whether or not 
incorporating a stop -watch facility  0.6 4.5  1 1 
890190  - other vessels for the transport of 
goods and other vessels for the 
transport of both persons and goods  0.6 1.1 1 2 2 
030267  -- swordfish  0.6 15.0  1 1 
Total of above  82.9  17 46 46 
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 110 - 
 
  25. Guyana's  top 25 exports cover a total of 127 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 88.3% of its global exports. 27  of these lines were already duty -free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
H. Guyana  
Guyana's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  Duty -
free  
in 
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
2009  
2010  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
710812  -- other unwrought forms  20.1 0.0 1    
170111  -- cane sugar  19.7 37.9 €/100
 kg/net   2  2 
260600  Aluminium ores and concentrates.  11.5 0.0 1    
100620  - husked (brown) rice  7.9 264 €/t  8  8 
030613  -- shrimps and prawns  5.3 13.2  5 5  
710210  - unsorted  3.8 0.0 1    
220840  - rum and other spirits obtained by 
distilling fermented sugar -cane 
products  3.3 - 2 4 4  
440729  Tropical wood  3.2 1.5 3 6 6  
100630  - semi-milled or wholly milled rice, 
whether or not polished or glazed  2.3 416 €/t  16  16 
490700  Unused postage, revenue or similar 
stamps of current or new issue  1.8 0.0 3    
030269  Fresh or chilled freshwater and 
saltwater fish  0.8 12.5  25 25  
710231  -- unworked or simply sawn, cleaved 
or bruted  0.8 0.0 1    
440420  - non-coniferous  0.7 0.0 1    
441210  - of bamboo  0.7 10.0  1 1  
440727  -- sapelli  0.6 1.5 1 2 2  
440728  -- iroko 0.6 1.5 1 2 2  
170310  - cane molasses  0.6 0.35 €/100
 kg/net   1 1  
440929  Wood, incl. strips and friezes for 
parquet flooring, not assembled  0.6 0.0 3    
710590  Dust and powder of natural or 
synthetic precious or semi -precious 
stones  0.6 0.0 1    
100640  - broken rice  0.6 128 €/t  1  1 
030499  Frozen fish meat "whether or not 
minced"  0.6 9.1  16 16  
030419  Fresh or chilled fillets and other fish 
meat "whether or not minced"  0.5 12.7  11 11  
440399  Wood in the rough, whether or not 
stripped of bark or sapwood  0.5 0.0 5    
860900  Containers (including containers for 
the transport of fluids) specially 
designed and equipped for carriage by 
one or more modes of transport.  0.5 0.0 2    
440410  - coniferous  0.5 0.0 1    
Total of above  88.3  27 100 73 27 
- combination of 0% and specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 111 - 
 
  26. Jamaica's  top 25 exports cover a total of 138 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 93.5% of its global exports. 16  of these lines were already duty -free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
I. Jamaica  
Jamaica's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to  EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  Duty -
free  
in 
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
2009  
2010  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
281820  - aluminium oxide, other than artificial 
corundum  50.8 4.0  1 1  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, 
n.e.s.  15.4 3.8  25 25  
260600  Aluminium ores and concentrates.  6.5 0.0 1    
170111  -- cane sugar  4.4 37.9 €/100
 kg/net   2  2 
220710  - undenatured  ethyl alcohol of an 
alcoholic strength by volume of 80% 
vol or higher  3.8 19.2 €/hl  1 1  
720449  Waste and scrap of iron or steel  3.0 0.0 3    
220840  - rum and other spirits obtained by 
distilling fermented sugar -cane 
products  2.0 - 2 4 4  
220300  Beer made from malt.  1.6 0.0 3    
090111  -- not decaffeinated  1.3 0.0 1    
071490  Roots and tubers of arrowroot, salep, 
Jerusalem artichokes and similar roots  0.9 3.8  3 3  
290410  - derivatives containing only sulpho 
groups, their salts and ethyl esters  0.4 5.5  1 1  
210390  Preparations for sauces and prepared 
sauces; mixed condiments and 
seasonings  0.4 2.6 2 1 1  
880330  - other parts of aeroplanes or 
helicopters  0.4 2.7  1 1  
080300  Bananas, including plantains, fresh or 
dried.  0.4 16.0  3 3  
200899  Fruit and other edible parts of plants, 
prepared or preserved  0.3 16.2 2 23 23  
190590  Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and 
other bakers'' wares, whether or not 
containing cocoa  0.3 14.9  7 7  
281830  - aluminium hydroxide  0.3 5.5  1 1  
200990  - mixtures of juices  0.3 19.5  19 19  
040630  - processed cheese, not grated or 
powdered  0.2 160.975  €/
100 kg/net   4 4  
210690  Food preparations, n.e.s.  0.2 13.0  7 7  
220210  - waters, including mineral waters and 
aerated waters, containing added 
sugar or other sweetening matter or 
flavoured  0.2 9.6  1 1  
190190  Malt extract; food preparations of 
flour, groats, meal, starch or malt 
extract  0.2 7.7  4 4  
220290  Non-alcoholic beverages  0.2 6.7  4 4  
870410  - dumpers designed for off -highway 
use 0.2 0.0 2    
732690  Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s.  0.1 2.7  10 10  
Total of above  93.5  16 122 120 2 
-combination of 0% and specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade  database.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 112 - 
 
  27. Saint Kitts and Nevis' top 25 exports cover a total of 75 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 
accounted on average for 90.5% of its global exports. 26  of these lines were already duty -free on 
an MFN basis in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized in 2009.  
J. Saint Kitts and Nevis  
Saint Kitts and Nevis' top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  
Duty -
free  
in 
2009  HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%) No. of tariff lines  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
853650  - other switches  30.8 1.3 3 4 4 
851770  - parts 13.7 2.2 2 2 2 
852990  Parts suitable for use solely or 
principally with transmission and 
reception apparatus  13.7 2.7 1 5 5 
853690  - other apparatus  9.6 1.2 2 2 2 
850213  -- of an output exceeding 375 kva  3.9 2.7  3 3 
220300  Beer made from malt.  3.3 0.0 3   
850431  -- having a power handling capacity 
not exceeding 1 kva  2.5 3.7  3 3 
490700  Unused postage, revenue or similar 
stamps of current or new issue  1.9 0.0 3   
220210  - waters, including mineral waters and 
aerated waters  1.5 9.6  1 1 
842959  Self-propelled mechanical shovels, 
excavators and shovel loaders  1.4 0.0 1   
870790  Bodies for tractors, motor vehicles for 
the transport of ten or more persons  1.3 4.5  2 2 
030619  -- other, including flours, meals and 
pellets of crustaceans, fit for human 
consumption  0.8 10.5  3 3 
392520  - doors, windows and their frames and 
thresholds for doors  0.7 6.5  1 1 
220840  - rum and other spirits obtained by 
distilling fermented sugar -cane 
products  0.6 - 2 4 4 
853590  Electrical apparatus for switching or 
protecting electrical circuits, or for 
making connections to or in electrical 
circuits  0.6 2.7  1 1 
220190  Ordinary natural water, not containing 
added sugar, other sweetening matter 
or flavoured; ice and snow  0.5 0.0 1   
731100  Containers for compressed or liquefied 
gas, of iron or steel.  0.5 2.7  6 6 
251710  - pebbles, gravel, broken or crushed 
stone  0.4 0.0 3   
853890  Parts suitable for use solely or 
principally with the apparatus of 
heading 8535, 8536 or 8537  0.4 2.5  4 4 
850300  Parts suitable for use solely or 
principally with the machines of 
heading 85.01 or 85.02.  0.4 2.7  3 3 
330300  Perfumes and toilet waters.  0.4 0.0 2   
220290  Non-alcoholic beverages  0.4 6.7  4 4 
854520  - brushes  0.4 2.7  1 1 
842952  -- machinery with a 360° revolving 
superstructure  0.3 0.0 2   
853339  Wirewound  variable electrical resistors, 
incl. rheostats and potentiometers, for 
a power handling capacity > 20 W  0.3 0.0 1   
Total of above  90.5  26 49 49 
- combination of 0% and specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 113 - 
 
  28. Saint Lucia's  top 25 exports cover a total of 96 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 72.3% of its global exports. 17  of these lines were already duty -free on an M FN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized in 2009.  
K. Saint Lucia  
Saint Lucia's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  
Duty -
free  
in 
2009  HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
080300  Bananas, including plantains, fresh or 
dried.  17.2 16.0  3 3 
220300  Beer made from malt.  13.8 0.0 3   
711319  -- of other precious metal, whether or 
not plated or clad with precious metal  4.9 2.5  1 1 
481910  - cartons, boxes and cases, of 
corrugated paper or paperboard  4.7 0.0 1   
271011  -- light oils and preparations  4.2 4.7  12 12 
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, 
n.e.s.  4.2 3.8  25 25 
271091  -- containing polychlorinated biphenyls  4.2 3.5  1 1 
271099  Waste oils containing mainly petroleum 
or bituminous minerals  4.2 3.5  1 1 
853331  -- for a power handling capacity not 
exceeding 20 w  2.0 0.0 1   
220210  - waters, including mineral waters and 
aerated waters, containing added 
sugar or other sweetening matter or 
flavoured  1.5 9.6  1 1 
251710  - pebbles, gravel, broken or crushed 
stone  1.4 0.0 3   
330300  Perfumes and toilet waters.  1.3 0.0 2   
910119  Wrist-watches of precious metal or of 
metal clad with precious metal  1.2 4.5  1 1 
851762  -- machines for the reception, 
conversion and transmission or 
regeneration of voice, images or other 
data 0.7 0.0 1   
910199  Pocket -watches and the like, incl. stop -
watches  0.7 4.5  1 1 
940600  Prefabricated buildings.  0.7 2.7  5 5 
847420  - crushing or grinding machines  0.7 0.0 2   
220600  Other fermented beverages  0.7 10.36  €/hl  7 7 
841919  Instantaneous or storage water 
heaters, non -electric  0.7 2.6  1 1 
852580  - television cameras, digital cameras 
and video camera  recorders  0.6 5.4 1 4 4 
210390  Preparations for sauces and prepared 
sauces; mixed condiments and 
seasonings  0.6 2.6 2 1 1 
940540  - other electric lamps and lighting 
fittings  0.6 3.7  7 7 
851761  -- base stations  0.5 0.0 1   
910211  -- with mechanical display only  0.5 4.5  1 1 
210690  Food preparations, n.e.s.  0.5 13.0  7 7 
Total of above  72.3  17 79 79 
Note:  Based on the HS  2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
 
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 114 - 
 
  29. Saint Vincent's top 25 exports cover a total of 77 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 84.2% of its global exports. 11  of these lines were already duty -free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
L. Saint Vincent  
Saint Vincent's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  Duty -free  
in 
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
2009  
2010  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
080300  Bananas, including plantains, fresh or 
dried.  22.9 16.0  3 3  
110100  Wheat or meslin  flour.  13.6 172 €/t  3 3  
071490  Roots and tubers of arrowroot  7.6 3.8  3 3  
100630  - semi-milled or wholly milled rice, 
whether or not polished or glazed  6.6 416 €/t  16  16 
230990  Preparations of a kind used in animal 
feeding  4.2 7.0 1 15 15  
853180  - other apparatus  3.8 1.1 1 1 1  
100620  - husked (brown) rice  3.1 264 €/t  8  8 
721041  -- corrugated  3.1 0.0 1    
220290  Non-alcoholic beverages  3.0 6.7  4 4  
481910  - cartons, boxes and cases, of 
corrugated paper or paperboard  2.2 0.0 1    
761010  - doors, windows and their frames and 
thresholds for doors  1.8 6.0  1 1  
843049  Boring or sinking machinery for boring 
earth or extracting minerals or ores, 
not self -propelled and not hydraulic  1.7 0.0 1    
071420  - sweet potatoes  1.4 3.8  2 2  
851762  -- machines for the reception, 
conversion and transmission or 
regeneration of voice, images or other 
data, including switching and routing 
apparatus  1.2 0.0 1    
851761  -- base stations  1.2 0.0 1    
851712  -- telephones for cellular networks or 
for other wireless networks  1.1 0.0 1    
852560  - transmission apparatus incorporating 
reception apparatus  1.1 0.0 1    
091010  - ginger  0.8 0.0 1    
871140  - with reciprocating internal 
combustion piston engine of a cylinder 
capacity exceeding 500 cc but not 
exceeding 800  cc 0.7 6.0  1 1  
220210  - waters, including mineral waters and 
aerated waters  0.7 9.6  1 1  
870323  -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 
1,500 cc but not exceeding 3,000 cc  0.6 10.0  3 3  
621149  -- of other textile materials  0.5 12.0  1 1  
392390  Articles for the conveyance or 
packaging of goods, of plastics  0.5 6.5  2 2  
230230  - of wheat  0.4 66.5 €/t  2 2  
080450  - guavas, mangoes and mangosteens  0.4 0.0 1    
Total of above  84.2  11 66 42 24 
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 115 - 
 
  30. Suriname's  top 25 exports cover a total of 128 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 10.9% of its global exports. 30 of these lines were already duty -free on an MFN basis 
in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
M. Suriname  
Suriname's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  Duty -free  
in 
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
2009  
2010  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
271011  -- light oils and preparations  1.7 4.7  12 12  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, 
n.e.s.  1.7 3.8  25 25  
271091  -- containing polychlorinated biphenyls  1.7 3.5  1 1  
271099  Waste oils containing mainly petroleum 
or bituminous minerals  1.7 3.5  1 1  
100630  - semi-milled or wholly milled rice, 
whether or not polished or glazed  0.6 416 €/t  16  16 
220830  - whiskies  0.6 0.0 10    
100610  - rice in the husk (paddy or rough)  0.5 7.7  9 1 8 
150790  Soya-bean oil and its fractions, 
whether or not refined  0.4 7.4  2 2  
890510  - dredgers  0.3 0.9 1 1 1  
100620  - husked (brown) rice  0.2 264 €/t  8  8 
890590  Light-vessels, fire -floats, floating 
cranes and other vessels  0.2 0.9 1 1 1  
760200  Aluminium waste and scrap.  0.1 0.0 3    
940600  Prefabricated buildings.  0.1 2.7  5 5  
340290  Surface -active preparations, washing 
preparations, incl. auxiliary washing 
preparations and cleaning preparations  0.1 4.0  2 2  
220290  Non-alcoholic beverages  0.1 6.7  4 4  
846789  Tools for working in the hand, 
hydraulic or with self -contained non -
electric motor  0.1 1.7  1 1  
871000  Tanks and other armoured fighting 
vehicles, motorised, whether or not 
fitted with weapons, and parts of such 
vehicles.  0.1 1.7  1 1  
281830  - aluminium hydroxide  0.1 5.5  1 1  
481910  - cartons, boxes and cases, of 
corrugated paper or paperboard  0.1 0.0 1    
840991  -- suitable for use solely or principally 
with spark -ignition internal combustion 
piston engines  0.1 2.7  1 1  
720410  - waste and scrap of cast iron  0.1 0.0 1    
240220  - cigarettes containing tobacco  0.1 33.8  2 2  
220820  - spirits obtained by distilling grape 
wine or grape marc  0.1 0.0 11    
210410  - soups and broths and preparations 
therefor  0.1 11.5  1 1  
220840  - rum and other spirits obtained by 
distilling fermented sugar -cane 
products  0.1 - 2 4 4  
Total of above  10.9  30 98 66 32 
- combination of 0% and specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 116 - 
 
  31. Trinidad and Tobago's  top 25 exports cover a total of 82 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 
accounted on average for 70.2% of its global exports. 21  of these lines were already duty -free on 
an MFN basis in the EU 's market in 20 09 and the remainder were liberalized by 2010.  
N. Trinidad and Tobago  
Trinidad and Tobago's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to EU's import markets  
MFN (2009)  Duty -
free  
in 
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of tariff lines  
2009  
2010  
Duty -
free Dutiable  
271111  -- natural gas  29.1 0.7  1 1  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, 
n.e.s.  18.6 3.8  25 25  
270900  Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals, crude.  12.9 0.0 2    
281410  - anhydrous ammonia  8.3 5.5  1 1  
290511  -- methanol (methyl alcohol)  6.4 5.5  1 1  
271011  -- light oils and preparations  5.6 4.7  12 12  
271119  Gaseous hydrocarbons, liquefied, 
n.e.s.  2.0 0.7  1 1  
720310  - ferrous products obtained by direct 
reduction of iron ore  1.7 0.0 1    
310210  - urea, whether or not in aqueous 
solution  1.6 6.5  2 2  
721399  Bars and rods, hot -rolled, in irregularly 
wound coils, of iron or non -alloy steel  1.5 0.0 2    
271112  -- propane  1.4 1.8 1 5 5  
271113  -- butanes  1.3 0.7  4 4  
260120  - roasted iron pyrites  1.2 0.0 1    
392051  -- of poly(methyl methacrylate)  0.6 6.5  1 1  
260112  -- agglomerated  0.5 0.0 1    
220710  - undenatured ethyl alcohol of an 
alcoholic strength by volume of 80% 
vol or higher  0.4 19.2 €/hl  1 1  
220210  - waters, including mineral waters and 
aerated waters, containing added 
sugar or other sweetening matter or 
flavoured  0.3 9.6  1 1  
720711  -- of rectangular (including square) 
cross-section, the width measuring 
less than twice the thickness  0.3 0.0 4    
240220  - cigarettes containing tobacco  0.3 33.8  2 2  
843041  -- self-propelled  0.2 0.0 1    
890590  Light-vessels, fire -floats, floating 
cranes and other vessels, the 
navigability of which is subsidiary to 
their main function  0.2 0.9 1 1 1  
340220  - preparations put up for retail sale  0.2 4.0  2 2  
220840  - rum and other spirits obtained  by 
distilling fermented sugar -cane 
products  0.2 - 2 4 4  
252329  Portland cement  0.2 1.7  1 1  
170111  -- cane sugar  0.1 37.9 €/100
 kg/net   2  2 
Total of above  94.9  16 67 65 2 
- combination of 0% and specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from EU authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 WT/REG255/1  
 
- 117 - 
 
  32. Table s A1.3 A-D indicate the market access opportunities in the CARIFORUM States  for the 
EU's top 25 exports.1 The tables show in which year all HS 8 -digit tariff lines corresponding to the 
product definition will or have become duty free under the Agreement.  
33. The EU's top 25 exports cover a total of 84 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 24.6% of its global exports  (Table A1.3A) . 40 of these  lines were already duty -free on 
an MFN basis in the Dominican Republic's  market in 20 09. Eight lines were liberalized on the 
Agreement's provisional application and the remainder will be liberalized by 2023.   
Table A1. 3A Dominican Republic : Market access opportunities under the agreement for 
the EU's top 25 exports to the world  
EU's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to Dominican Republic's 
import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2009  No. of duty free lines 
under the agreement  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of 
lines  
2009  
2013  
2018  
2023  duty-free 
dutiable  
300490  Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 
30.02/30.05/30.06/3004.10 -3004.50)  
consisting of mixed or unmixed products 
for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes  3.6 0.5 5 1    1 
870323  -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,500 
cc but not exceeding 3,000 cc  2.7 15.2  5  5   
870324  -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 3,000 
cc 2.3 15.2  5  5   
271020  - petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals (other than crude) 
and preparations not elsewhere specified 
or included  2.1 14.0  1    1 
880240  - aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an 
unladen weight exceeding 15,000 kg  1.6 3.0  1 1    
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, not 
containing biodiesel, n.e.s.  1.1 10.3  6    6 
271012  -- light oils and preparations  1.0 3.5 9 3    3 
710231  -- unworked or simply sawn, cleaved or 
bruted  0.9 20.0  1 1    
870899  Parts and accessories, for tractors, motor 
vehicles for the transport of ten or more 
persons, motor cars and other motor 
vehicles  0.9 8.0  5  5   
847330  - parts and accessories of the machines of 
heading 84.71  0.8 0.0 3      
841191  -- of turbo -jets or turbo -propellers  0.7 0.0 1      
870332  -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,500 
cc but not exceeding 2,500 cc  0.6 15.2  5  5   
880330  - other parts of aeroplanes or helicopters  0.6 3.0  2 2    
300210  - antisera, other blood fractions and 
immunological products  0.6 0.0 6      
848180  - other appliances  0.5 7.0 2 2   2  
293399  Heterocyclic comps. with nitrogen hetero -
atom(s) only (excl. of 2933.11 -2933.91)  0.5 0.0 1      
270900  Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals, crude.  0.5 0.0 1      
711319  -- of other precious metal, whether or not 
plated or clad with precious metal  0.5 20.0  2 2    
851712  -- telephones for cellular networks or for 
other wireless networks  0.5 20.0  1    1 
                                                
1 For the Dominican Republic and Guyana separa te tables have been prepared as their data is in a 
different HS nomenclature.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 118 - 
 
  EU's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to Dominican Republic's 
import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2009  No. of duty free lines 
under the agreement  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of 
lines  
2009  
2013  
2018  
2023  duty-free 
dutiable  
710239  Diamonds, worked, but not mounted or 
set (excl. industrial diamonds)  0.4 20.0  1 1    
901890  - other instruments and appliances  0.4 0.0 8      
841112  -- of a thrust exceeding 25 kn  0.4 0.0 1      
840999  Parts suitable for use solely or principally 
with compression -ignition internal 
combustion piston engine "diesel or semi -
diesel engine", n.e.s.  0.4 0.0 3      
220421  -- in containers holding 2 l or less  0.4 20.0  1 1    
852990  Other parts suitable for use 
solely/principally with the apparatus of 
headings 85.25 to 85.28  0.4 17.0  2   2  
TOTALS  24.6  40 44 8 20 4 12 
Note:  Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from the Dominican Republic authorities and Eurostat.  
 
34. The EU's top 25 exports cover a total of 68 HS lines2 which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 24. 8% of its global exports  (Table A1.3B) . 11 of these lines were already duty free on 
an MFN basis in Guyana's  market in 2009. 33 lines were liberalized on the Agreement's provisional 
application  and all but two lines  will be liberalized by 2023.  
Table A1. 3B Guyana: Market access opportunities under the agreement for EU's top 25 
exports to the world  
EU's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to Guyana's import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2009  No. of duty free 
lines under the 
agreement  
Remain  
dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of 
lines 
2009  
2018  
2023  duty-
free  
dutiable  
300490  Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 
30.02/30.05/30.06/3004.10 -3004.50)   3.4 12.5 1 7   7  
870323  -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,500 
cc but not exceeding 3,000 cc  2.5 35.0  4 1  3  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, not 
containing biodiesel, n.e.s.  2.4 13.2 1 16 14  2  
870324  -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 3,000 
cc 2.2 25.0  2 1  1  
271011  -- light oils and preparations  2.2 4.0 4 1   1  
880240  - aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an 
unladen weight exceeding 15,000 kg  1.6 5.0  1 1    
870899  Parts and accessories, for tractors, motor 
vehicles for the transport of ten or more 
persons, motor cars and other motor 
vehicles  0.9 21.7  3 1  2  
                                                
2 Based on HS 2007.  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 119 - 
 
  EU's top export products in 2006 -2008  Access Conditions to Guyana's import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2009  No. of duty free 
lines under the 
agreement  
Remain  
dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of 
lines 
2009  
2018  
2023  duty-
free  
dutiable  
710231  -- unworked or simply sawn, cleaved or 
bruted  0.9 50.0  1   1  
841191  -- of turbo -jets or turbo -propellers  0.7 5.0  1 1    
847330  - parts and accessories of the machines of 
heading  84.71  0.7 0.0 1      
870332  -- of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,500 
cc but not exceeding 2,500 cc  0.6 25.0  4 2  2  
880330  - other parts of aeroplanes or helicopters  0.6 5.0  1 1    
851712  -- telephones for cellular networks or for 
other wireless networks  0.6 12.5  2 1  1  
848180  - other appliances  0.6 5.0  1 1    
293499  Nucleic acids and their salts, whether/not 
chemically defined  0.6 5.0  1 1    
270900  Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals, crude.  0.5 0.0 2      
847989  Machines and mechanical appliances, 
n.e.s.  0.5 5.0  1 1    
711319  -- of other precious metal, whether or not 
plated or clad with precious metal  0.5 60.0  2    2 
293399  Heterocyclic comps. with nitrogen hetero -
atom(s) only (excl. of 2933.11 -2933.91)  0.5 5.0  1 1    
901890  - other instruments and appliances  0.4 10.0  1  1   
854231  -- processors and controllers, whether or 
not combined with memories, converters, 
logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing 
circuits, or other circuits  0.4 3.3 1 2 2    
851770  Parts of telephone sets, telephones for 
cellular networks or for other wireless 
networks  0.4 5.0  1 1    
300210  - antisera and other blood fractions and 
modified immunological products, whether 
or not obtained by means of 
biotechnological processes  0.4 0.0 1      
841112  -- of a thrust exceeding 25 kn  0.4 5.0  1 1    
840999  Parts suitable for use solely or principally 
with compression -ignition internal 
combustion piston engine "diesel or semi -
diesel engine", n.e.s.  0.4 6.7  3 2  1  
TOTALS  24.8  11 57 33 1 21 2 
Note:  Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from the Guyana authorities, WTO -IDB and Eurostat.  
 
35. Tables A1.3C and A1.3D indicate the market access opportunities in selected CARICOM 
countries for the EU's top 25  exports.  
36. The EU's top 25 exports cover a total of 65 HS lines which in 2006 -2008 accounted on 
average for 25.4% of its global exports.3 The M FN average rates faced by EU exporters in 
CARICOM markets4 ranges from duty -free to 45%. The majority of products are liberalized in 2018 
or 2023 in most CARICOM markets. One product – articles of jewellery or precious metal – is 
excluded from liberalizati on in all CARIFORUM markets except the Bahamas and the Dominican 
Republic.  
                                                
3 Based on HS 2002 nomenclature.  
4 In 2007 to 2010, depending on the availability of data for the export market.   
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 120 - Table  A1.3C Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica and Grenada: Market access opportunities under the agreement for 
the EU's top 25 exports to the world  
EU's top 25 export products (2006 -2008)  MFN average  in selected CARICOM markets  * Tariff elimination in selected CARICOM markets  
Remain 
Dutiable  
 
HS code and description  Share in 
global 
exports  AB BH BR BE DO GR 
2009  
2010  
2013  
2018  
2023  
300490  Medicaments  3.4 8.8 0.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 8.8     AB, BR, BE, 
DO, GR  
870323  -- of a cylinder capacity 
exceeding 1,500 cc but 
not exceeding 3,000 cc  2.5 27.5 0.0 35.0 37.0 31.3 20.0     AB, B R, BE, 
DO, GR   
271019  Medium oils and 
preparations  2.4 6.7 0.0 6.7 5.4 6.7 6.7     AB, BR, BE, 
DO, GR   
870324  -- of a cylinder capacity 
exceeding 3,000 cc  2.1 20.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 22.5 15.0     AB, BR, BE, 
DO, GR   
271011  -- light oils and 
preparations  2.1 - 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0     AB, BR, BE, 
DO, GR   
880240  - aeroplanes and other 
aircraft  1.6 5.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BH, BR, 
DO   AB, BE, 
GR   
852520  
Transmission apparatus  1.2 12.5 45.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5     AB, BH, BR, 
BE, DO, GR   
870899  Parts and accessories, 
for tractors  1.0 17.5 0.0 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5     AB, BR, BE, 
DO, GR   
847330  - parts and accessories 
of the machines of 
heading  84.71  0.8 5.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 BH, BR    AB, DO, 
GR   
710231  -- unworked or simply 
sawn, cleaved or bruted  0.8 30.0 10.0 50.0 50.0 35.0 35.0     AB, BH, BR, 
BE, DO, GR   
841191  -- of turbo -jets or turbo -
propellers  0.7 5.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BH, BR, 
DO  AB, BE, GR     
870332  -- of a cylinder capacity 
exceeding 1,500 cc but 
not exceeding 2,500 cc  0.6 20.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 22.5 15.0     AB, BR, BE, 
DO, GR   
880330  - other parts of 
aeroplanes or 
helicopters  0.6 5.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BH, BR, 
DO   AB, BE, 
GR   
848180  - other appliances  0.6 5.0 45.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BR, DO    AB, BH, 
BE, GR    
293499  Nucleic acids and their 
salts 0.5 5.0 45.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BR   AB, BH, 
BE, DO, 
GR   
854221  Monolithic integrated 
circuits, digital  0.5 5.0 45.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BR   AB, BH, 
BE, DO, 
GR    
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 121 - EU's top 25 export products (2006 -2008)  MFN average  in selected CARICOM markets  * Tariff elimination in selected CARICOM markets  
Remain 
Dutiable  
 
HS code and description  Share in 
global 
exports  AB BH BR BE DO GR 
2009  
2010  
2013  
2018  
2023  
847989  Machines and 
mechanical appliances, 
n.e.s.  0.5 5.0 45.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BR   AB, BH, 
BE, DO, 
GR   
270900  Petroleum oils and oils 
obtained from 
bituminous minerals, 
crude.  0.5 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 BR, DO  AB GR    
711319  -- of other precious 
metal  0.5 30.0 0.0 60.0 50.0 35.0 35.0      AB, BR, BE, 
DO, GR  
293399  Heterocyclic comps.  0.5 5.0 45.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BR   AB, BH, 
BE, DO, 
GR   
901890  - other instruments and 
appliances  0.4 10.0 35.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 BR   AB, BH, 
BE, DO, 
GR   
852990  Parts (transmission and 
reception apparatus for 
radio-telephony)  0.4 5.0 45.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BR   AB, BH, 
BE, DO, 
GR   
300210  - antisera and other 
blood fractions  0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0       
841112  Turbo -jets of a thrust > 
25 kn  0.4 5.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 BH, BR, 
DO  AB, BE, GR     
840999  Parts (compression -
ignition internal 
combustion piston 
engine, n.e.s.)  0.4 13.3 18.3 10.0 6.7 10.0 35.0 BR    AB, BH, BE, 
DO, GR   
TOTALS  25.4             
Note:  Based on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
* MFN rates used are: Antigua and Barbuda (2010), Bahamas (2009 applied rate), Barbados (2010), Belize (2008), Dominica (2010),  Grenada (2010) . 
 AB=Antigua and Barbuda, BH=Bahamas, BR=Barbados, BE=Belize, DO=Dominica, GR= Grenada.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed using MFN from the WTO -IDB, CARICOM authorities, the preferential tariffs from the Agreement and Eurostat.  
 
 
 
  
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 122 - Table  A1.3D Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago: Market access 
opportunities under the agreement for the EU's top 25 exports to the world  
EU's top 25 export products (2006 -2008)  MFN average  in selected CARICOM markets  * Tariff elimination in selected CARICOM 
markets  
Remain 
Dutiable  
HS code and description  Share in 
global 
exports  JA KN LU VG SU TT 
2009  
2010  
2013  
2018  
2023  
300490  Medicaments  3.4 12.5 7.5 8.8 8.8 12.5 12.5     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
870323  -- of a cylinder 
capacity exceeding 
1,500 cc but not 
exceeding 3,000 cc  2.5 31.3 35.0 26.3 27.5 31.3 26.3     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
271019  Medium oils and 
preparations  2.4 10.3 6.7 9.7 10.6 6.7 16.8     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
870324  -- of a cylinder 
capacity exceeding 
3,000 cc  2.1 22.5 25.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 22.5     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
271011  -- light oils and 
preparations  2.1 2.0 - 4.0 2.0 - 6.0 SU    JA, KN, LU, 
VG, TT  
880240  - aeroplanes and other 
aircraft  1.6 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0  KN  VG, SU    
852520  Transmission 
apparatus  1.2 10.0 12.5 10.0 12.5 12.5 10.0     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
870899  Parts and accessories, 
for tractors  1.0 12.5 15.0 15.0 17.5 15.0 13.8     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
847330  - parts and 
accessories of the 
machines of 
heading  84.71  0.8 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0    KN, VG, SU    
710231  -- unworked or simply 
sawn, cleaved or 
bruted  0.8 30.0 30.0 30.0 25.0 40.0 30.0     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
841191  -- of turbo -jets or 
turbo -propellers  0.7 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0   KN, VG, 
SU    
870332  -- of a cylinder 
capacity exceeding 
1,500 cc but not 
exceeding 2,500 cc  0.6 22.5 25.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 20.0     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
880330  - other parts of 
aeroplanes or 
helicopters  0.6 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0    KN, VG, SU    
848180  - other appliances  0.6 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0    KN, VG, SU     
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 123 - EU's top 25 export products (2006 -2008)  MFN average  in selected CARICOM markets  * Tariff elimination in selected CARICOM 
markets  
Remain 
Dutiable  
HS code and description  Share in 
global 
exports  JA KN LU VG SU TT 
2009  
2010  
2013  
2018  
2023  
293499  Nucleic acids and their 
salts 0.5 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0  KN  LU, VG, SU    
854221  Monolithic integrated 
circuits, digital  0.5 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0    KN, VG, SU    
847989  Machines and 
mechanical appliances, 
n.e.s.  0.5 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0  KN  VG, SU    
270900  Petroleum oils and oils 
obtained from 
bituminous minerals, 
crude.  0.5 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0  KN VG, SU     
711319  -- of other precious 
metal  0.5 30.0 30.0 30.0 25.0 40.0 30.0      JA, KN, 
LU, VG, 
SU, TT  
293399  Heterocyclic comps.  0.5 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0  KN  LU, VG, SU    
901890  - other instruments 
and appliances  0.4 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0    JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT    
852990  Parts (transmission 
and reception 
apparatus for radio -
telephony)  0.4 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0  KN  VG, SU    
300210  - antisera and other 
blood fractions  0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0       
841112  Turbo -jets of a thrust 
> 25 kn  0.4 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0   KN, VG, 
SU    
840999  Parts (compression -
ignition internal 
combustion piston 
engine, n.e.s.)  0.4 3.3 11.7 10.0 6.7 5.0 6.7     JA, KN, LU, 
VG, SU, TT   
TOTALS  25.4             
Note:  Based  on HS 2002 nomenclature . 
* MFN rates used are: Jamaica (2007/2008), St Kitts and Nevis (2010), St Lucia (2007/2008), St Vincent and the Grenadines (2007 /2008), Suriname (2011), Trinidad and 
Tobago (2007/2008) . 
 JA=Jamaica, KN=St Kitts and Nevis, LU=St Lucia, VG=St Vincent and the Grenadines, SU=Suriname, TT=Trinidad and Tobago  
Source:  WTO estimates based on tariff data constructed using MFN from the WTO -IDB, CARICOM authorities, the preferential tariffs from the Agreement and Eurostat.  
 
  
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 124 - ANNEX 2  
Table A 2.1: Information on Status of Intellectual Property Legislation provided by CARIFORUM Parties  
 
Issue to be 
addressed  CARIFORUM State  
Antigua and 
Barbuda  Barbados  Dominica  Jamaica  St Kitts and Nevis  St Vincent  
& the 
Grenadines  Trinidad & Tobago  
1. Compliance with 
WIPO 1996 Copyright 
Treaty  Not a signatory, 
but Copyright 
Act 2003 has 
provisions which 
mirror the WIP 
model statute.   In compliance with 
Treaty as provided in 
the Copyright Act, No.5 
of 2003.  yes The Copyright Act 
contains some 
elements of the WCT 
(e.g. rental rights 
and protection of 
databases and 
computer programs) 
but others need 
further expression 
(e.g. right of making 
available to the 
public). Currently 
working with the 
WIPO to review the 
Copyright Act to 
ascertain compliance 
with international 
obligations.  yes Acceded on 28  August 
2008. Provisions are 
contained in the 
Copyright Amendment 
Act, 2008.  
2. Compliance with 
WIPO Performances 
and Phonograms 
Treaty (1996)  Not a signatory.   Amendment to the 
Copyright Act is 
required for full 
compliance with the 
Treaty  yes The Copyright Act 
was passed in 2000, 
4 years after the 
WPPT. While not 
party to the WPPT, 
the contents of that 
treaty are reflected in 
legislation. Therefore, 
protection is available  
for performers and 
producers of 
phonograms.  yes Acceded on 28 August 
2008. Provisions are 
contained in the 
Copyright Amendment 
Act, 2008.   
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 125 -  
Issue to be 
addressed  CARIFORUM State  
Antigua and 
Barbuda  Barbados  Dominica  Jamaica  St Kitts and Nevis  St Vincent  
& the 
Grenadines  Trinidad & Tobago  
3. Taken steps to 
accede to the Rome 
Convention for the 
Protection of 
Performers, Producers 
of Phonograms and 
Broadcasting 
Organizations (1961)  Yes. A new draft 
Copyright Bill is 
being 
considered by 
the Ministry of 
Legal Affairs.  Acceded on 18 
September 1983.  Not acceded to the 
Convention. However, 
the provisions are 
incorporated in the 
Copyright Act.  yes Though a ction in this 
direction is slow, like 
the WPPT and the 
WCT, the laws cover 
the subject matter 
covered by that 
treaty.  Yes Not a member of the 
Rome convention and 
no recommendation to 
accede as provisions are 
contained in the 
Copyright Act  1996. The 
provisions of the WPPT 
also cover the 
obligations of the Rome 
Convention. Therefore, 
performers' rights are 
covered.  
4. System for the 
registration of 
trademarks  A system for the 
registration of  
trademarks is in 
place. See 
Trademark Act 
2003 and the 
related 
regulations of 
2007.  The Trademarks Act of 
1981 Cap. 319 as 
amended governs the 
registration of 
trademarks, service 
marks or collective 
marks. The legislation 
was amended in 2001 
and 2006 to ensure 
compliance with the 
TRIPS Agreement.  The Marks, Col lective 
Marks and Trade 
Names Act No.12 of 
1999 provides a 
system for the 
registration of 
trademarks.  yes The IP Office has 
been registering 
trademarks for more 
than two decades so 
a system in place. 
The governing 
legislation however, 
will soon be under for 
amendments.  yes The Trademarks Act 
2015 incorporates the 
Singapore Trademark 
Act and makes 
provisions for the 
Madrid Protocol, 
electronic filing and 
protection of non -
traditional marks such 
as sound and smell. The 
new Act is awaiting 
finalisation befor e 
coming into force.  
5. Taken steps to 
apply the WIPO Joint 
Recommendation 
relating to well -known 
trademarks, internet 
use and trademark 
licenses  Recommendatio
ns are being 
discussed. No 
bill or Statutory 
Instrument has 
yet been 
proffered.   Act No.12 of 19 99 
provides for Dominica 
to apply the WIPO Joint 
Recommendation 
relating to well - known 
trademarks, internet 
use and trademark 
licences.  yes The 
recommendations 
requirements relating 
to well -known marks 
and trademark 
licenses are 
contained in the 
legislation, but 
amendment would be 
necessary for 
trademark used on 
the internet.  yes Provided for in the 
present trademark 
legislation and the 
Trademarks Act 2015 
once it comes into 
force.   
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 126 -  
Issue to be 
addressed  CARIFORUM State  
Antigua and 
Barbuda  Barbados  Dominica  Jamaica  St Kitts and Nevis  St Vincent  
& the 
Grenadines  Trinidad & Tobago  
6. Taken steps to 
accede to the Protocol 
to the Madrid 
Agreement concerning 
the International 
Registration of marks 
(1989)  Members of the 
Protocol since 
December I999.   Not acceded to the 
Protocol.  Far 
advanced in 
the process  It is being 
considered. Antigua 
and Barbuda is the 
only regional 
signatory. Trinidad 
and Tobago and 
Jamaica are currently 
preparing to accede. 
Their experiences 
have been extremely 
instructive and as 
such, accession for 
SKN would require 
additional resourc es 
for which Cabinet 
approval must be 
gained. The 
assessment 
continues.  yes Provided for in the 
Trademarks Act 2015 
once it comes into 
force. Further to this, 
instruments of 
accession will be 
deposited to trigger its 
coming into force three 
months after.  
7. Accede to the 
Trademark Law Treaty 
(2006)  No steps have 
been taken to 
accede to the 
Treaty.   Not acceded to the 
Treaty.  Far 
advanced in 
the process  Action is this 
direction is still being 
assessed.  yes The Trademarks Act 
2015 incorporates the 
Singapore Trademark 
Act. 
8. Accede to the 
Patent Cooperation 
Treaty (1970, as 
modified in 1984)  Members of the 
protocol since 
March  
2000.  Acceded on 12 March 
1985.  Signed on to the Treaty 
in August 1999.  Under way, 
amendments 
pending  Acceded on 25 
October 2005.  yes Acceded in 1994. 
Provisions are contained 
in the Patents Act, 
Chap. 82:76.  
9. Accede to the 
Budapest Treaty on 
the International 
Recognition of the 
Deposit of Micro -
organisms for the 
Purposes of Patent 
Procedure (amended 
in 1980)  No steps have 
been taken  to 
accede to the 
Treaty.   Not assented to the 
Treaty.  no Action is this 
direction is still being 
assessed.  no Acceded in 
1993.Provisions are 
contained in the Patents 
Act, Chap 82:76.  
10. Taken steps to 
accede to the Patent 
Law Treaty (2000)  No steps have  
been taken to 
accede to the 
Treaty.   Not acceded to the 
Treaty.  Under way, 
amendments 
pending  Action is this 
direction is still being 
assessed.  no Not yet a signatory but 
considering accession 
once negotiations of the 
Substantive Patent Law 
Treaty have been 
completed.   
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 127 -  
Issue to be 
addressed  CARIFORUM State  
Antigua and 
Barbuda  Barbados  Dominica  Jamaica  St Kitts and Nevis  St Vincent  
& the 
Grenadines  Trinidad & Tobago  
11. Requirements for 
protection, the term of 
protection, and the 
relationship to patents 
of utility models; 
exceptions to the 
exclusive rights 
granted to plant 
breeders to allow 
farmers to save, use 
and exchange 
protected farm -saved 
seed or propagating 
materials  This has been 
complied with, 
see Patent Act 
2012.  The Protection of New 
Plant Varieties Act Cap. 
267 together with the 
Regulations and the 
Protection of New Plant 
Varieties Order were 
enacted in 2001 and 
constitute the 
legislation regime for 
the grant of a Plant 
Breeder's Right. The 
legislation which is 
TRIPS compliant makes 
provision for the grant 
of compulsory licences.  Part XI of the Patents 
Act No.8 of 1999 
provides for the 
protection, the term of 
protection, and the 
relationshi p to patents 
of utility models. 
Protec tion of New Plant 
Varieties Act , No.14 of 
1999, Section 18 
provides for exceptions 
to the exclusive rights 
granted to plants and 
breeders to allow 
farmers to save, use 
and exchange 
protected farm -saved 
seed or propagat ing 
material.  Under way. 
Work is in 
progress for 
Jamaica to 
become a 
member of 
the 
International 
Union for the 
Protection of 
Plant 
Varieties.  Under the Patents 
Act, protection is 
extended to patents 
and utility models, 
their attendant term 
of protection is  20 
and 7 years, 
respectively. No IP 
legislation on plant 
varieties. Whether 
such rights are 
conferred to plant 
breeders under other 
legislations are being 
reviewed.  Yes, but not 
for exception 
to the 
exclusive 
rights granted 
to plant 
breeders.  Trinidad and  Tobago has 
plant breeders’ right 
legislation in the form of 
the Protection of New 
Plant Varieties Act, 
Chap. 82:75. It does 
not contain explicit 
exceptions related to 
farm-saved seed. Under 
the definition of the 
scope of the breeders 
right, the saving, us e 
and exchange of farm -
saved seed or 
propagating material 
would be permissible if 
not used for commercial 
marketing and sale i.e. 
can be used for 
subsistence farming 
only. The IPO is 
considering 
amendments to conform 
the current legislation to 
the 1991 Act  of the 
Union for the Protection 
of New Plant Varieties 
(UPOV), which will then 
provide an explicit 
exception for the 
saving, use and 
exchange of farm -saved 
seed or propagating 
material.  
         
  WT/REG255/1  
 
- 128 -  
Issue to be 
addressed  CARIFORUM State  
Antigua and 
Barbuda  Barbados  Dominica  Jamaica  St Kitts and Nevis  St Vincent  
& the 
Grenadines  Trinidad & Tobago  
12. Steps to respect, 
preserve and maintain 
knowledge of genetic 
resources, traditional 
knowledge and 
folklore.  No steps have 
been taken in 
this direction, 
save through 
the protection 
provided by 
other genre of 
IP, e.g. Patent, 
Copyright, 
Trademark and 
Industrial 
Design.   The Traditional 
Knowledge and 
Folklore is protected 
under Copyright Law.  
There is a CARICOM 
effort with the 
assistance of WIPO for 
a Regional Convention 
for the protection of 
Genetic Resources, 
Traditional Knowledge 
and Folklore.  yes Not full members to 
date of the protocol; 
however, steps are  
being taken for 
ratification and 
implantation: a 
national focal has 
already been 
appointed and is 
situated in 
Department of 
Environment. In 
addition to the 
above, the National 
Cultural Policy, which 
also speaks to 
traditional knowledge 
and folklore is bei ng 
revised to meet 
international 
standards.   Trinidad and Tobago 
does not yet have a 
national system for the 
protection of genetic 
resources, traditional 
knowledge, folklore and 
traditional cultural 
expressions. However, it 
is deeply involved in the 
WIPO 
Intergovernmental 
Committee (IGC) 
process to formulate an 
international instrument 
to protect same.  
 
__________