G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
29 June 2016  
(16-3491)  Page: 1/21  
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original: English  
 
 STATE TRADING 
NEW AND FULL NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XVII:4(A) OF 
THE GATT 1994 AND PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE UNDERSTANDING 
ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XVII 
UNITED STATES 
The following communication, dated 24 June 2016, is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of the United States. 
 
_______________ 
 
 
Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and Paragraph 1 of the Understanding on the 
Interpretation of Article XVII, the United States makes the following full and new notification of its 
state trading enterprises for 2016: G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  1  COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION 
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES 
 A. Identification of state trading enterprise 
 
The U.S. Department of Agriculture' s Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). 
 
B. Description of products affected 
 Commodities eligible for CCC programs are defined in the legislation or regulations for the specific program. Commodities covered by CCC include: Non-fat dry milk (0402), Butter (0405), Cheese 
(0406), Honey (0409), Dry beans (0713), Wheat (1001), Rye (1002), Barley (1003), Oats (1004), 
Corn (1005), Rice (1006), Sorghum (1007), Soybeans (1201), Peanuts (1202), Flaxseed (1204), Sunflower seeds (1206), Sugar (1212), Cotton (5201), Mohair (5102), Wool (4102), and 
Pulses (0708). 
 II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
 
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
 The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a gove rnment-owned and operat ed entity within the 
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). CCC was cr eated to stabilize, support, and protect farm 
income and prices. CCC also helps maintain balanced and adequate supplies of agricultural commodities and aids in their orderly distribution.  
 
B. Legal authority  
 
CCC was incorporated on 17 October 1933, under a Delaware charter with a capitalization of 
$3 million. It was initially managed and operated in close affiliation with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which funded  its operations. On 1 July 1939, CCC was transferred to USDA 
by the President's Reorganization Plan I. It wa s reincorporated on 1 July 1948, as a federal 
corporation within USDA by the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act  (62 Stat. 1070; 
15 U.S.C. 714).  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONIN G OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
 A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise 
 
The CCC Charter Act, as amended, authorizes CCC to  support prices of agricultural commodities, 
including through purchases and sales of agricultural commodities.   
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights  or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
CCC does not have the exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any product. 
 Organization: CCC is managed by a Board of Directors, subject to the general supervision and 
direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex officio  Director and Chairman of the Board. 
In addition to the Secretary, the Board consis ts of seven members who are appointed by the 
President of the United States with the advice  and consent of the Senate. The members of the 
Board and the Corporation's officers are all officials of USDA. CCC has no operating personnel. Its 
activities are carried out primarily through the pe rsonnel and facilities of agencies within USDA. 
 Financing: CCC has an authorized capital stock of $100 million held by the United States, with the 
authority to have outstanding borrowings of up to $30 billion at any one time. 
 Funds may be borrowed from the U.S. Treasury and may also be borrowed from private lending 
agencies and others. Interest on any borrowings from the Treasury (and on capital stock) is paid 
at a rate based upon the average interest rate of all outstanding marketable obligations (of comparable maturity date) of the U.S. Govern ment as of the preceding month. Interest may G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  also be paid on other notes and obligations at a rate prescribed by the CCC and approved by the 
Secretary of the Treasury.   Export Programs: CCC is authorized to make sales from its inventories to export markets. 
However, CCC has not done so since 1995.  
 Import Programs: CCC has not engaged in import activity. 
 
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
 
As noted, CCC does not have the exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any 
product. All agricultural commodity import and export activities within the customs territory of the United States may be freely entered into by private sector traders without any special conditions 
or restrictions.  
 D. How import/export levels are determ ined by the state trading enterprise 
 
During the notification period, CCC did not import or export any commodities.  E. How export prices are determined  
 
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
 
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government 
 
Although CCC may be authorized by law to negotiate long-term sales contracts, such authority is not currently used. 
 
H. Description of market structure  
Agricultural commodity markets are characterized by numerous independent buyers and sellers. 
 IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION   
 
Table I: Import information by product: Not applicable; no products imported.  
 Table II: Export information by product: Not applicable; no products exported. 
 
Table III: Domestic activities where state trading enterprise also trades products internationally: 
Not applicable; no products traded internationally. 
 
V.  REASON WHY NO FORE IGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE 
 During the period, CCC did not engage in exports or imports because such activity was not 
required to achieve CCC's mission.  
 VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION   
 
None.  G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  2  ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM FUND 
I. ENUMERATION OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
 A. Identification of state trading enterprise 
 
The United States maintains the Isotope Production and Distribution Program Fund (IP&D) within the Department of Energy (DOE).  
 
B. Description of products affected  The products affected are isotopes under Harmonized Tariff System headings 2844 and 2845. 
 
II. REASON AND PURPOSE   
 
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
 DOE provides radioactive and stable isotope products and associated services to a wide and varied 
domestic and international market. The IP&D produces and sells radioactive and stable isotopes, 
by-products, surplus materials, and related isotop e services. These products and services are sold 
worldwide and are used for a variety of resear ch, development, biomedical, and industrial 
applications. The program's objectives are to produce and distribute isotopes for research and 
development, medical diagnostics and therapy, and other applications that are in the national 
interest.   
B. Summary of Basis for Exclusive Rights or Privileges  
 The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 provides the basic authority for DOE to produce and distribute 
isotopes and to support research and development of new isotope products and technology. 
 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONIN G OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
 
A. Overview 
 For over 50 years, this program and its predecessors have been at the forefront of the 
development and production of stable and radioactive isotope products that are now used 
world-wide. DOE applies its unique expertise and capabilities to address technology issues associated with the application, production, handling, and distribution of isotopes. Adequate 
supplies of medical and research isotopes are essent ial to maintain effective diagnosis, treatment, 
and research capabilities in the United States. The program's products and services are sold to over 20 countries. The program produces isotopes only where there is no U.S. private sector capability or other production capacity is insufficient to meet U.S. needs. The specific materials 
sold under the program are listed in Annex I.  
 The program also develops improved means of prod ucing and separating isotopes that are needed 
to serve the national interest. Such services include, but are not limited to, irradiation services, 
target preparation and processing, source encapsulation and other special preparations, analyses, chemical separations, and the lease of stable isotopes for research purposes.  
 
The program supports the production and developmen t of production techniques of radioactive and 
stable isotopes that are in short supply. Isotopes are high-priority commodities of strategic importance for the United States and are essential for energy, medical, national security, and basic 
research. A goal of the program is to make critical isotopes more readily available to meet U.S. 
domestic needs. To this end, the program function s as a business and, therefore, focuses attention 
on the quality of products and services, customer satisfaction, cost control, marketing, pricing 
stability, and revenue and cash collections.  
 The IP&D sells isotopes to government entities, domestic purchasers, and to foreign purchasers. 
 
DOE coordinates its activities with commercial producers to ensure the continued availability of essential isotopes. DOE is streamlining its activities by consolidating or privatizing wherever possible to reduce the cost to U.S. taxpayers. G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  B. Specification of exclusive or special righ ts or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise 
 See (a) above. 
 
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
 
Private companies and universities engaged in the production and distribution of isotopes are 
permitted to import and export isotopes.  
D. How import/export levels are determ ined by the state trading enterprise  
 To ascertain current and future demands of the community, the program develops working groups 
with other federal agencies, fosters interactions between customers and program staff, obtains 
data from site visits, attends society exhibitions, and develops strategic plans and priorities with community input. Research on market sizes, pric ing pressures, and customer feedback is also 
obtained through independent surveys and studies,  as well as program management assessments. 
 E. How export prices are determined  
 
Prices charged for the program's products are based on production costs, market value, and 
research needs.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined 
 Import prices are determined by production costs and market value. 
 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government 
 
Long-term contracts are negotiated often with price discounts for quantity purchases.  
H. Description of market structure 
 The worldwide isotope market has three major components: medical, industry (including homeland 
security), and scientific (non-medical) research. Th is market is characterized by high barriers to 
entry, production facilities that are primarily government owned and operated, and demand driven 
by a few major commercial customers. The number of suppliers for selected major isotopes is growing due to a shortage of suppliers for these key isotopes used in hospitals and the private 
sector. 
 IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
 
2015: Table I. The State Trading Enterprise (Iso tope Production and Distribution (IP&D) is 
engaged in the primary production and distribution of stable (enriched) and radioisotopes, not 
their importation. In 2015, however, several targets with a total activity of 1,504,605 MBq were 
irradiated in foreign facilities and imported into the United States by IP&D to augment domestic supply where IP&D could not meet demand. These i rradiated targets were chemically processed by 
IP&D with the result that significant value was adde d to the product by IP&D prior to being sold in 
a form required by the customers. 
 2015: Table II. Cobalt-60 (HS 2844.40.0010) was not sold to foreign customers during this 
reporting period. Heavy water (HS 2845.10.0000) was not exported during this reporting period. 
 2015: Table III: Because IP&D is engaged in the primary production of these isotopes for 
distribution, no domestic purchases of these materials were made by IP&D during 2015. 
Cobalt-60 (HS 2844.10.0000) and heavy water (HS 2845.10.0000) were not sold domestically in 2015.  G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  V. REASON WHY NO FOREIG N TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE   
 Not applicable.  
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION  
 None. 
 
 
_______________ 
 
 G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  ANNEX 1 
List of isotopes sold in 2015 
 
Actinium-225 
Americium-243 Antimony-121, -123 
Arsenic-73 
Barium-130, -134, -135, -136, -137, -138 Berkelium-249 Beryllium-7 Bismuth-207 Bromine-79 Cadmium-106, -108, -110, -111, -112, -113, -116 Calcium-40, -42, -43, -44, -46, -48 Californium-249, -252 Cerium-136, -140 Chlorine-35, -37 Chromium-50, -53, -54 Copper-63, -65 Dysprosium-160, -162, -163, -164 Erbium -166 Europium-151, -153 Gadolinium-152, -156, -160 Gallium-69 Germanium-74 Hafnium-178, -179, -180 Helium-3 Indium-113 
Iridium-191 
Iron-54, -55, -56, -57, -58 Lead-204, -206, -207, -208, -212 Lithium-6 Lutetium-176 Magnesium-24, -25, -26 Mercury-196, -198, -199, -200, -201, -202, -204 Molybdenum-97, -100 Neodymium-150 
Neptunium-237 Nickel-58, -60, -61, -62, -63, -64 
Osmium-188, -190 
Oxygen-16 Palladium-102, -104, -105, -106, -108 Platinum-192, -194, -195, -196, -198 Plutonium-239, -242 Polonium-209 Potassium-40, -41 Radium-225 Rhenium-185 Rubidium-83, -85, -87 Ruthenium-98, -99, -100, -102, -104 Samarium-144, -147, -148, -149, -150, -152, -154 Selenium-80, -82 Silicon-28, -29, -30, -32 Silver-107, -109 Sodium-22 Strontium-82, -84, -86, -87, -88, -90 Sulfur-32 Technetium-99 Tellurium-125, -128, -130 Thallium-203 Thorium-227, -228 
Tin-119, -122 
Titanium-47, -49 Tungsten-180, -182, -183, -184, -186, -188 Uranium-235 Ytterbium-171, -172 Yttrium-88 Zinc-64, -65, -66, -67, -68 Zirconium-90, -91, -92, -94, -96   
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
- 8 - TABLE I 
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPES PR ODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2015 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number Total Quantity 
Imported Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise Average Import 
Price Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price Mark-up National 
Production 
Element, Isotope & Compound with Radioactivity only -  HS 2844.40.0010 Unknown 0 $0 Unknown Not Applicable Unknown 
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - HS 2844.40.0020 Unknown 1,504,605 MBq $2.01/MBq Unkn own Not Applicable Unknown 
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) – 
HS 2845.10.0000 Unknown 0 $0 Unknown Not Applicable Unknown 
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, nesoi -  HS 2845.90.0000 Unknown 0 $0 Unknown Not Applicable Unknown 
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business Office, Oak Ridge, TN  
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
- 9 - TABLE II 
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPES PR ODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2015 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number Total 
Quantity 
Exported Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise Average 
Procurement 
Price Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price Average Export 
Price National 
Production 
Element, Isotope & Compound with Radioactivity only -  HS 2844.40.0010 Unknown 0 $0 Unknown $0 Unknown 
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - HS 2844.40.0020 Unknown 1,096,047 MBq $1,168,709.31 to tal Unknown $1.07/MBq Unknown 
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000 Unknown 0 $0 Unknown $0 Unknown 
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, nesoi -  HS 2845.90.0000 Unknown 26.716 kg $881,188 total Unknown $33,269.70/kg Unknown 
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business Office, Oak Ridge, TN  
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
- 10 - TABLE III 
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPES PR ODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2015 
Description of Product Including HS Number Domestic Purchases 
by State Trading 
Enterprises National 
Production Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise National Consumption 
Element, Isotope & Compound with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010 $0 Unknown $0 Unknown 
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020 $0 Unknown 16,505,168 MBq 
($1.60/MBq) Unknown 
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000 $0 Unknown $0 Unknown 
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000 $0 Unknown 57 kg 
($32,700.40/kg) Unknown 
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business Office, Oak Ridge, TN G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  3  POWER ADMINISTRATIONS 
I. ENUMERATION OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
 A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
 
The United States maintains the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville), Southeastern Power Administration (Southeastern), Southwestern Power Administration (Southwestern), and Western 
Area Power Administration (Western) within the Department of Energy. Southeastern and 
Southwestern had no foreign transactions in the current or recent reporting periods. Information on these two entities is being provided for transparency purposes.   
B. Description of product affected  
 The product affected is Electrical Ener gy, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2716. 
 
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
 
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprises  
 The Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) market wholesale electricity generated at hydroelectric dams owned and managed by the Un ited States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) 
and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Bonneville also markets electricity 
generated by a nuclear plant owned and operated by Energy Northwest, and by a non-federally 
owned and operated hydro project. Western also markets about 400 MW of capacity generated by 
the Navajo coal-fired plant in Arizona. The fede ral government began to market electricity after 
Congress authorized the construction of the dams and established major water projects by the Corps and Reclamation, primarily in the 1930 s through the 1960s. The Corps and Reclamation 
operate these projects to provide or manage water for such multiple purposes as irrigation, flood 
control, navigation, recreation, water supply, and environmental enhancement. These agencies 
also generate electricity at hydropower plants located at federal water projects. The PMAs sell the power that is not used for project purposes to cooperatives and public bodies, such as municipal 
utilities, irrigation districts, military installations, and to other utilities, and any power surplus to 
those needs to other power purchasing entities.  
In addition to the more general purposes above, the self-financed Bonneville is obligated to meet 
requesting publicly-owned utilities' loads in its Pacific Northwest marketing area; own, operate, and maintain a high-voltage transmission syst em; encourage conservation; and to protect, 
mitigate and enhance the fish and wildlife of the Columbia River and its tributaries. Bonneville sells 
at wholesale and at cost the electric power produced at 31 operating federal hydroelectric projects owned and operated by the Corps and Reclamatio n, and the electric power produced by the 
non-federally owned and operated nuclear and hydro plants previously mentioned. Bonneville 
acquires and sells non-Federal electric power and conservation resources sufficient to meet the 
net, non-generating, requirements of Bonneville public customers. Bonneville's Administrator and the Corps' Division Engineer, Northwestern Division, are directed by Executive Order to be the U.S. 
Entity overseeing the execution of the 1961 Columb ia River Treaty between the United States and 
Canada.  
B. Legal authority 
 The PMAs are separate and distinct entities within the Department of Energy (DOE), operating pursuant to their enabling legislation, including the Department of Energy Organization Act 
of 1977.  
 The Bonneville Project Act of 1937 ("Project Act") established the Bonneville Power Administration 
within the Department of the Interior (later incorporated into the Department of Energy). 
The Bonneville Project Act, the Federal Columbia  River Transmission System Act of 1974, the 
Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980, the Columbia River Treaty 
of 1961, and other federal laws contain provisions that define Bonneville's mission and/or affect 
the way it is carried out.   G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  The missions of the Southeastern Power Administration and the Southwestern Power 
Administration are set forth in section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.  The authority for Western Area Power Administra tion's operations derives from the federal 
reclamation laws, in particular section 9(c) of the Reclamation Project Act of 1939, and consistent 
with section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.   
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
 A. Overview  
The PMAs sell electric power generated by hydroelectric projects (and others as noted) owned and 
operated by Reclamation or the Corps, who also provide or manage water for such multiple purposes as irrigation, flood control, navigation, recreation, municipal water supply, and 
environmental enhancement. 
 B. Specification of exclusive or special righ ts or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprises 
 The PMAs, except the self-financed Bonneville, ar e funded by a variety of methods, including 
annual appropriations to DOE and use of PMA rece ipts. The non-Bonneville PMA revenue that is not 
used to fund PMA activities is deposited in the Miscellaneous Receipts account and the Reclamation 
Fund in the U.S. Treasury. The PMAs are exempt from Federal income taxation and from state and local taxation. 
 
Bonneville is a self-financed federal entity. Bonneville is authorized to use the proceeds in the BPA fund without appropriation and without fiscal year limitation. BPA's revenues are not part of the 
general funds of the U.S. Treasury. To finance its capital programs, Bonneville is authorized by the 
Federal Columbia River Transmission System Ac t of 1974, as amended, to issue to the U.S. 
Treasury up to $7.7 billion of interest-bearing bonds with terms and repayment conditions comparable to debt issued by U.S. government  corporations. Bonneville is statutorily treated 
(16 U.S.C 838i (c)) as a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation under provisions of the 
Government Corporation Control Act (31 U.S.C 9106) for purposes of its financial and budget operations. 
 
C. Type of entities other than the state trad ing enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
 
More than 3,000 private investor-owned, local government-owned, and cooperatively-owned utilities engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity are permitted to 
import and export electricity. 
 
D. How import/export levels are determ ined by the state trading enterprises  
 
The PMAs may import and export electricity as au thorized by each PMA's legislative authority and 
by its management. Southeastern and Southwestern do not import or export power to other countries. Western imports and exports only non-firm power. A portion of the firm power output 
generated at federal and non-federal mid-Columbia River projects is owned by Canada ("Canadian 
Entitlement") under the terms of the Columbia River Treaty, and Bonneville delivers that power to Canada primarily at the US/Canadian border on behalf  of the U.S. Entity and is obligated to do so 
through at least 16 September 2024. Additionally, from time to time, Bonneville may import or 
export short-term non-firm or  firm energy or capacity. 
 The PMAs are not required to obtain export authorizations. Import and export levels are 
determined by supply and demand. 
 E. How export prices are determined 
 
Western and Bonneville export surplus power at market-based rates.  
 G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined 
 The costs Bonneville and Western incur to purchase imported power are incorporated into the power-related production costs for these agencies. Firm power is sold to customers at cost-based 
firm power rates. The price of surplus power sales is set at market prices. This market price can 
vary significantly, depending on market conditio ns. Any excess revenue derived from the sale of 
surplus power is used to reduce future firm power rates, ensuring that the agencies do not recover 
more than their full power-related costs.  
 G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprises. Whether the 
state trading enterprises are used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government 
 Bonneville, Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western sign long-term contracts for the sale of 
federally-generated power within the United States. Western does not sign long-term contracts for 
the exportation or importation of non-firm power. The Columbia River Treaty provides for the delivery of the Canadian share of the Treaty's downstream power benefits to the Canadian border 
through at least 16 September 2024, of approximately 4.3 Terawatt hours annually. 
 H. Description of market structure  
The structure for the electricity market is competitive. Private investor-owned utilities, both U.S. 
and foreign-owned, government instrumentalities and government-owned providers of electricity, are engaged in the generation, transmission and dist ribution of electricity in the United States. The 
regional electric grids are interconnected with Cana da and Mexico. There is no tariff on electricity. 
 IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
 
See attached tables.  V. REASON WHY NO FOREIG N TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE  
 
Not applicable.  
VI. OTHER INFORMATION   
 None. 
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
- 14 - TABLE I 
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2015 
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number Total Quantity 
Imported1 Quantity Imported by State 
Trading Enterprise2 Average 
Import Price Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price3 Mark-up National 
Production4 
Southeastern Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 76 billion kWh 0 N/A 10.42 cents/kWh N/A 4,087 billion kWh 
Southwestern Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 76 billion kWh 0 N/A 10.42 cents/kWh N/A 4,087 billion kWh 
Western Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 76 billion kWh 0.082 billion kWh $0.1078/kWh 10.42 cents/kWh N/A 4,087 billion kWh 
Bonneville Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 76 billion kWh Op Agrmnts: 0.01 billion kWh* 
Energy: 12.77 billion kWh* $.0235/kWh 
@ MidC 10.42 cents/kWh N/A 4,087 billion kWh 
*Source : Power Operations, PGPO, Cana dian Imports/Exports Report 
                                               
1 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Revi ew, May 2016" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Imports). 
2 Southeastern and Western amounts are fiscal year amounts (Octob er 2014 – September 2015) rather than calendar year amounts. Bo nneville amounts include all power 
originating outside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission. 
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly, February 2016" - Table 5.3. Average Retail Price of Electricity to  Ultimate Customers: To tal by End-Use Sector, 
2006 through February 2016 (All Sectors). 
4 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, Ma y 2016" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Net Generation, Total).   
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
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TABLE II 
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2015 
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number Total 
Quantity 
Exported1 Quantity Exported by State 
Trading Enterprise2 Average 
Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Average Export 
Price National Production4 
Southeastern Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 9 billion kWh 0 N/A 10.42 cents/kWh N/A 4,087 billion kWh 
Southwestern Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 9 billion kWh 0 N/A 10.42 cents/kWh N/A 4,087 billion kWh 
Western Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 9 billion kWh 88.0 thousand kWh N/A 10.42 cents/kWh $0.1045/kWh 4,087 billion kWh 
Bonneville Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 9 billion kWh Op Agreements: 4.09 billion kWh*  
Energy: 2.89 billion kWh* N/A 10.42 cents/kWh $0.0235/kWh 
@MidC 4,087 billion kWh 
*Source : Power Operations, PGPO, Cana dian Imports/Exports Report  
 
                                               
1 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Revi ew, May 2016" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Exports). 
2 Southeastern and Western amounts are fiscal year amounts (Octob er 2014 – September 2015) rather than calendar year amounts. Bo nneville amounts include all power 
syncing outside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission. 
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly, February 2016" - Table 5.3. Average Retail Price of Electricity to  Ultimate Customers: To tal by End-Use Sector, 
2006 through December 2015 (All Sectors). 
4 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, Ma y 2016" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Net Generation, Total).   
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
- 16 - TABLE III 
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2015 
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number Domestic Purchases 
by State Trading 
Enterprises1 National Production2 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise3 National Consumption4 
Southeastern Electrical Energy - HS 2716 1.1 billion kWh 4,087 billion kWh 5.4 billion kWh 3,863 billion kWh 
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716 115.1 million kWh 4,087 billion kWh 6.1 billion kWh 3,863 billion kWh 
Western Electrical Energy - HS 2716 7.4 billion kWh 4,087 billion kWh 30.6 billion kWh 3,863 billion kWh 
Bonneville Electrical Energy - HS 2716 2.5 billion kWh* 4,087 billion kWh 79.0 billion kWh** 3,863 billion kWh 
* Domestic purchases by Bonneville = Total purchases for CY 2015 of 2973 M kWh minus 446M kWh imports = 2,527M kWh of domestic purchases. 
(Source : Power Operations, PGPO, MWH Reconciliation Report) 
** Domestic sales by Bonneville = Total sales for CY 2015 of 81,287M kWh minus 2,326M kWh of exports = 78,961M kWh of domestic sales. 
(Source : Power Operations, PGPO, MWH Reconciliation Report) 
                                               
1 Southeastern and Western amounts are fiscal year amounts (Octob er 2014 – September 2015) rather than calendar year amounts. 
2 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, Ap ril 2016" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Net Generation, Total ). 
3 Southeastern and Western amounts are fiscal year amounts (Octob er 2014 – September 2015) rather than calendar year amounts. 
4 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, May 2016" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (End Use, Total). G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  4  STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE 
I. ENUMERATION OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
 A. Identification of state trading enterprise 
 
The United States maintains the Strategic Petroleum Reserve within the Department of Energy.  
B. Description of product affected 
 The product affected is Crude Petroleum,  Harmonized Tariff System Number 2709. 
 
II. REASON AND PURPOSE   
 A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
 
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is a crude oil stockpile, managed by the Department of Energy (DOE). The SPR mission is to reduce vulnerability to economic, national security, and 
foreign policy consequences of supply interruptions.  
 B. Legal authority  
The SPR was created pursuant to the Energy Po licy and Conservation Act of 22 December 1975 
(Public Law 94-163), as amended, to reduce the impact of disruptions in supplies of petroleum 
products and to carry out obligations of the United States under the Agreement on an 
International Energy Program. 
 III. DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
 
A. Overview  The United States, through the SPR, owns and op erates four underground storage facilities for 
crude oil with a combined design storage capacity  of 713.5 million barrels. The SPR acquires both 
domestic and imported crude oil through purchase  and exchange. In recent years, oil has been 
obtained primarily through the competitive purchase of domestic or imported oil to be delivered to 
the SPR. Together the facilities and crude o il represent more than a $39 billion national 
investment.  
During an emergency "drawdown" of crude oil from the reserve, DOE is to competitively sell and 
distribute the crude oil to purchasers primarily through commercial pipelines and marine terminals.  On 12 March 2014, the SPR issued a Notice of Sale for a test sale of five million barrels of crude 
oil. The purpose of the test sale was to eval uate the SPR's sales and drawdown distribution 
capabilities within the SPR TEXOMA distribution system, which includes the SPR sites at Big Hill, Texas and West Hackberry, Louisiana. In 2015, the SPR repurchased crude oil with the proceeds of 
the test sale as required by law. Between May 7 and July 16 of 2015, the SPR received 
25 deliveries totalling 4,194,296 barrels of crude oil at a cost of $238,949,563.   
B. Specification of exclusive or special righ ts or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise 
The SPR, is an agency of the United States Go vernment funded by annual appropriations for the 
Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account and by the SPR Petroleum Account. During an emergency 
drawdown and sale of crude oil, the SPR Petr oleum Account is the source of funding the 
incremental costs of withdrawing oil from the st orage caverns and transporting it to the point 
where purchasers take title. If additional funds are required for drawdown, they may be 
transferred from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account or other DOE offices. The Federal 
Government deposits to the account an amount equa l to receipts realized from sales resulting from 
an emergency drawdown to create addi tional funding to fill the SPR.  G/STR/N/16/USA 
 
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  C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private companies engaged in the exploration, pr oduction, refining, storage and distribution of 
crude oil are permitted to import and export crude oil. 
D. How import/export levels are established for state trading enterprise  
Oil is imported in accordance with Reserve fill plans as determined by legislative or Administration 
direction.  
E. How export prices are determined  
The price of SPR crude oil sold is determined through competition open to all financially 
responsible offerors. 
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Imported and domestic crude oil is commingled in the underground storage facilities. The price 
of SPR crude oil sold is determined through competition open to all financially responsible offerors. 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government 
The SPR has previously used exchange contracts to fill the Reserve. It is anticipated that future 
purchases of crude oil will be done through a competitive purchase program. The SPR is currently 
at 97.4 percent full to its capacity. 
H. Description of market structure The structure of the crude oil market is international and competitive. Vertically-integrated oil 
companies and independent companies, both U. S. and foreign-owned, are engaged in the 
exploration, production, refining, storage and distribution of crude oil in the United States. The tariffs on crude oil are 5.25 cents per barrel for crude oil testing less than 25 degrees API and 
10.5 cents per barrel for crude oil testing 25 degrees API or more.  
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
See attached tables. 
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIG N TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE  
Not applicable. VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION  
None.  
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
- 19 - TABLE I 
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2015 
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number Total Quantity 
Imported Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise Average Import 
Price Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price Mark-up**** National Production 
Crude Oil - HS 2709 2,682,946  
(1,000 Barrels)* 0  
(1,000 Barrels) $46.40** N/A 
(Per Barrel)*** N/A 3,442,205 
(1,000 Barrels)* 
* Source : 2015 U.S. Crude Oil Supply and Disposition, http://eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_crdsnd_k_a.htm  
** Average import price: Total cost of im ports by the STE (c.i.f. basis) divided by  the total quantity imported by the STE 
*** Source : EIA Monthly Energy Review May 2015, Table 9.1: Crude Oil Price Summary 
**** Members may report either under column 4 and 5 or under column 6  
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
- 20 - TABLE II 
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2015 
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number Total Quantity 
Exported Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise** Average Procurement 
Price Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price Average Export 
Price National Production 
Crude Oil - HS 2709 167,258  
(1,000 Barrels)* 0 N/A N/A 
(Per Barrel)*** N/A 3,442,205  
(1,000 Barrels)**** 
* Source : 2015 U.S. Exports of Crude Oil, http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS-Z00_mbbl_a.htm  
** In cases where no exports have taken place under the column "Q uantity Exported by State Tradin g Enterprise", an explanation is provided under Section V, paragraph 5 of 
this questionnaire. 
*** Source : EIA Monthly Energy Review May 2015, Table 9.1: Crude Oil Price Summary 
**** Source : Crude Oil Production http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/ pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm   
  G/STR/N/16/USA  
 
- 21 - TABLE III 
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2015 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number Domestic Purchases by 
State Trading Enterprises National Production Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise National Consumption 
Crude Oil - HS 2709 0 
(1,000 Barrels) 3,442,205 
(1,000 Barrels)* 5,000,000*** 19,544,000 
(1,000 Barrels/Day Average)** 
* Source : Crude Oil Production http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/ pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm  
** Source : 4 Week Average of U.S. Product Supplied of Petr oleum Products, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=MTTUPUS2&f=M  
*** Source : March 2014 Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) Test Sale, http://usitc.gov/publications/docs/tata/hts/bychapter/1400htsa.pdf , 2014 International Trade 
Commission: Harmonized Tariff Schedule 
 
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