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Last Modified:  2011-08-03
N.D. Cent. Code, §§ 47-25.1-01 through 47-25.1-08
47-25.1-01. Definitions.
As used in this chapter , unless the context requires otherwise:  
1. "Improper means" includes theft, bribery , misrepresentation, breach or inducement of a breach of a duty to maintain secrecy , or
espionage through electronic or other means.  
2. "Misappropriation" means:  
a. Acquisition of a trade secret of another by a person who knows or has reason to know that the trade secret was acquired by improper
means; or  
b. Disclosure or use of a trade secret of another without express or implied consent by a person who:  
(1) Used improper means to acquire knowledge of the trade secret;  
(2) At the time of disclosure or use, knew or had reason to know that the person's knowledge of the trade secret was:  
(a) Derived from or through a person who had utilized improper means to acquire it;  
(b) Acquired under circumstances giving rise to a duty to maintain its secrecy or limit its use; or  
(c) Derived from or through a person who owed a duty to the person seeking relief to maintain its secrecy or limit its use; or  
(3) Before a material change of the person's position, knew or had reason to know that it was a trade secret and that knowledge of it had
been acquired by accident or mistake.  
3. "Person" means a natural person, corporation, limited liability company , business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, joint
venture, government, governmental subdivision or agency , or any other legal or commercial entity . 
4. "Trade secret" means information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or process, that:  
a. Derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by
proper means by , other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use; and  
b. Is the subject of ef forts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy .
47-25.1-02. Injunctive relief.
1. Actual or threatened misappropriation may be enjoined. Upon application to the court, an injunction must be terminated when the trade
secret has ceased to exist, but the injunction may be continued for an additional reasonable period of time to eliminate commercial
advantage that otherwise would be derived from the misappropriation.  
2. In exceptional circumstances, an injunction may condition future use upon payment of a reasonable royalty for no longer than the period
of time for which use could have been prohibited. Exceptional circumstances include a material and prejudicial change of position prior to
acquiring knowledge or reason to know of misappropriation that renders a prohibitive injunction inequitable.  
3. In appropriate circumstances, af firmative acts to protect a trade secret may be compelled by court order .
47-25.1-03. Damages.
1. Except to the extent that a material and prejudicial change of position prior to acquiring knowledge or reason to know of misappropriation
renders a monetary recovery inequitable, a complainant is entitled to recover damages for misappropriation. Damages can include both the
actual loss caused by misappropriation and the unjust enrichment caused by misappropriation that is not taken into account in computing
actual loss. In lieu of damages measured by any other method, the damages caused by misappropriation may be measured by imposition
of liability for a reasonable royalty for a misappropriator's unauthorized disclosure or use of a trade secret.  North Dakota Uniform Trade Secrets ActAbout Recently Filed Cases Recent Decisions Legislative Developments Statutes Search
2. If willful and malicious misappropriation exists, the court may award exemplary damages in an amount not exceeding twice any award
made under subsection 1.
47-25.1-04. Attorney's fees.
If a claim of misappropriation is made in bad faith, a motion to terminate an injunction is made or resisted in bad faith, or willful and
malicious misappropriation exists, the court may award reasonable attorney's fees to the prevailing party .
47-25.1-05. Preservation of secrecy .
In an action under this chapter , a court shall preserve the secrecy of an alleged trade secret by reasonable means, which may include
granting protective orders in connection with discovery proceedings, holding in camera hearings, sealing the records of the action, and
ordering any person involved in the litigation not to disclose an alleged trade secret without prior court approval.
47-25.1-06. Statute of limitations.
An action for misappropriation must be brought within three years after the misappropriation is discovered or by the exercise of reasonable
diligence should have been discovered. For the purposes of this section, a continuing misappropriation constitutes a single claim.
47-25.1-07. Effect on other law .
1. Except as provided in subsection 2, this chapter displaces conflicting tort, restitutionary , and other law of this state providing civil
remedies for misappropriation of a trade secret.
2. This chapter does not af fect: 
a. Contractual remedies, whether or not based upon misappropriation of a trade secret;  
b. Other civil remedies that are not based upon misappropriation of a trade secret; or  
c. Criminal remedies, whether or not based upon misappropriation of a trade secret.
47-25.1-08. Short title.
This chapter may be cited as the Uniform T rade Secrets Act.
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