G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
11 October  2017 
(17-5461) Page: 1/29 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original: English  
 
 
 
STATE TRADING  
NEW AND FULL NOTIFIC ATION PURSUANT TO AR TICLE XVII:4(A)  
OF THE GATT 1994 AND  PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE U NDERSTANDING  
ON THE INTERPRETATIO N OF ARTICLE XVII  
UNITED STATES 
Revision  
The following communication, dated 22 September 2017, is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of the United States.  
 
_______________  
 
 
Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and Paragraph  1 of the Understanding on the 
Interpretation of Article  XVII, the United States makes the following full and n ew notification of its 
state trading enterprises for 2014.  
 
This updated notification is being circulated to include additional information from the period of 
notification; otherwise, the notification is unchanged and included in its entirety for Members' 
convenience.  
 
 
1  COMMODITY CREDIT COR PORATION  
1.1  Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
a. Identification of state trading enterprise  
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).  
 
b. Description of products affected  
Commodities eligible  for CCC programs are defined in the legislation or regulations for the specific 
program. Commodities currently covered by CCC include: Non -fat dry milk (0402), Butter (0405), 
Cheese (0406), Honey (0409), Chickpeas (0708), Lentils (0708), Dry Peas (0708), Wheat (1001), 
Barley (1003), Oats (1004), Corn (1005), Rice (1006), Sorghum (1007), Soybeans (1201), 
Peanuts (1202), Flaxseed (1204), Rapeseed (1205), Sunflower Seeds (1206), Canola (1207), 
Crambe (1207), Safflower (1207), Mustard Seed (1207), Sesame Seed (1207), Sugar (1212), 
Cotton (5201), Mohair (5102), and Wool (4102).1 
 
                                                
1 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (PL 110 -246).  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  1.2  Reason and Purpose  
a. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a government -owned and operated entity within  the 
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). CCC was created to stabilize, support, and protect farm 
income and prices. CCC also helps maintain balanced and adequate supplies of agricultural 
commodities and aids in their orderly distribution.  
 
b. Legal authority  
CCC was incorporated on 17 October 1933, under a Delaware charter with a capitalization of 
$3 million. It was initially managed and operated in close affiliation with the Reconstruction 
Finance Corporation, which funded its operations. On 1 July 1939, CCC was transferred to USDA 
by the President's Reorganization Plan I. It was reincorporated on 1 July 1948, as a federal 
corporation within USDA by the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (62 Stat. 1070; 
15 U.S.C.  714).  
 
1.3  Description of the Funct ioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The CCC Charter Act, as amended, authorizes CCC to support prices of agricultural commodities, 
including through purchases and sales o f agricultural commodities.  
 
b. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
CCC does not have the exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any product.  
 
Organization: CCC is managed by a Board of Directors, subject to the general supervision and 
direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex officio  Director and Chairman of the Board. 
In addition to the Secretary, the Board consists of seven members who are appointed by the 
President of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate. The members of the 
Board and the Corporation's officers are all officials of USDA. CCC has no operating personnel. Its 
activities are carried out primarily through the personnel and faci lities of agencies within USDA.  
 
Financing: CCC has an authorized capital stock of $100 million held by the United States, with the 
authority to have outstanding borrowings of up to $30 billion at any one time.  
 
Funds may be borrowed from the U.S. Treasury  and may also be borrowed from private lending 
agencies and others. Interest on any borrowings from the Treasury (and on capital stock) is paid 
at a rate based upon the average interest rate of all outstanding marketable obligations (of 
comparable maturity  date) of the U.S. Government as of the preceding month. Interest may also 
be paid on other notes and obligations at a rate prescribed by the CCC and approved by the 
Secretary of the Treasury.  
 
Export Programs: CCC is authorized to make sales from its inv entories to export markets. 
However, CCC has not done so since 1995.  
 
Import Programs: CCC has not engaged in import activity.  
 
c. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions f or participation  
As noted, CCC does not have the exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any 
product. All agricultural commodity import and export activities within the customs territory of the 
United States may be freely entered into by private sector tr aders without any special conditions 
or restrictions.  
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  d. How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise  
During the notification period, CCC did not import or export any commodities.  
 
e. How export prices are determined  
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
 
f. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
 
g. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government.  
Although CCC may be authorized by law to negotiate long -term sales contracts, such authority is 
not currently used.  
 
h. Description of market structure  
Agricultural commodity markets are characterized by numerous independent bu yers and sellers.  
 
1.4  Statistical Information  
Table I:  Import information by product: Not applicable; no products imported.  
 
Table II:  Export information by product: Not applicable; no products exported.  
 
Table III:  Domestic activities where state trading e nterprise also trades products internationally: 
Not applicable; no products traded internationally.  
 
1.5  Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
During the period, CCC did not engage in exports or imports because such activity was not 
required to achieve C CC's mission.  
 
1.6  Additional Information  
None.  
 
2  ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PRO GRAM FUND  
2.1  Enumeration of the state trading enterprise  
a. Identification of state trading enterprise  
The United States maintains the Isotope Production and Distribution Program Fund (IP&D) within 
the Department of Energy (DOE).  
 
b. Description of products affected  
The products affected are isotopes under Harmonized Tariff System headings 2844 and  2845.  
 
2.2  Reason and Purpose  
a. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining  state trading enterprise  
DOE provides radioactive and stable isotope products and associated services to a wide and varied 
domestic and international market. The IP&D produces and sells radioactive and stable isotopes, 
by-products, surplus materials, and related isotope services. These products and services are sold G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  worldwide and are used for a variety of research, development, biomedical, and industrial 
applications. The program's objectives are to produce and distribute isotopes for research and 
developm ent, medical diagnostics and therapy, and other applications that are in the national 
interest.  
 
b. Summary of Basis for Exclusive Rights or Privileges  
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 provides the basic authority for DOE to produce and distribute 
isotopes and to support research and development of new isotope products and technology.  
 
2.3  Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a. Overview  
For over 50 years, this program and its predecessors have been at the forefront of the 
development and prod uction of stable and radioactive isotope products that are now used world -
wide. DOE applies its unique expertise and capabilities to address technology issues associated 
with the application, production, handling, and distribution of isotopes. Adequate sup plies of 
medical and research isotopes are essential to maintain effective diagnosis, treatment, and 
research capabilities in the United States. The program's products and services are sold to over 20 
countries. The program produces isotopes only where the re is no U.S. private sector capability or 
other production capacity is insufficient to meet U.S. needs. The specific materials sold under the 
program are listed in Annex I.  
 
The program also develops improved means of producing and separating isotopes th at are needed 
to serve the national interest. Such services include, but are not limited to, irradiation services, 
target preparation and processing, source encapsulation and other special preparations, analyses, 
chemical separations, and the lease of stab le isotopes for research purposes.  
 
The program supports the production and development of production techniques of radioactive and 
stable isotopes that are in short supply. Isotopes are high -priority commodities of strategic 
importance for the United Sta tes and are essential for energy, medical, national security, and basic 
research. A goal of the program is to make critical isotopes more readily available to meet U.S. 
domestic needs. To this end, the program functions as a business and, therefore, focuse s attention 
on the quality of products and services, customer satisfaction, cost control, marketing, pricing 
stability, and revenue and cash collections.  
 
The IP&D sells isotopes to government entities, domestic purchasers, and to foreign purchasers.  
 
DOE coordinates its activities with commercial producers to ensure the continued availability of 
essential isotopes. DOE is streamlining its activities by consolidating or privatizing wherever 
possible to reduce the cost to U.S. taxpayers.  
 
b. Specification of e xclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
See (a) above.  
 
c. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private companies and universities engaged in the production and distribution of isotopes are 
permitted to import and export isotopes.  
 
d. How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise  
To ascertain current and future demands of the community , the program develops working groups 
with other federal agencies, fosters interactions between customers and program staff, obtains 
data from site visits, attends society exhibitions, and develops strategic plans and priorities with 
community input. Resea rch on market sizes, pricing pressures, and customer feedback is also 
obtained through independent surveys and studies, as well as program management assessments.  
 G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  e. How export prices are determined  
Prices charged for the program's products are based on pro duction costs, market value, and 
research needs.  
 
f. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Import prices are determined by production costs and market value.  
 
g. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whet her the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government.  
Long-term contracts are negotiated often with price discounts for quantity purchases.  
 
h. Description of market structure  
The worldwide isotope market h as three major components: medical, industry (including homeland 
security), and scientific (non -medical) research. This market is characterized by high barriers to 
entry, production facilities that are primarily government owned and operated, and demand dr iven 
by a few major commercial customers. The number of suppliers for selected major isotopes is 
growing due to a shortage of suppliers for these key isotopes used in hospitals and the private 
sector.  
 
2.4  Statistical Information  
2012 and 2013: Table I. The St ate Trading Enterprise (Isotope Production and Distribution (IP&D) 
is engaged in the primary production and distribution of stable (enriched) and radio -isotopes, not 
their importation. However, several targets with a total activity of 484,741 and 1,346,504  MBq 
(2013) were irradiated in foreign facilities and imported into the United States by IP&D to augment 
domestic supply where IP&D could not meet demand. These irradiated targets were chemically 
processed by IP&D with the result that significant value was  added to the product by IP&D prior to 
being sold in a form required by the customers.  
 
2012 and 2013: Table II. Cobalt -60 (HS 2844.40.0010) was not sold to foreign customers during 
this reporting period. Heavy water (HS 2845.10.0000) was not exported duri ng this reporting 
period.  
 
2012 and 2013: Table III: Because IP&D is engaged in the primary production of these isotopes 
for distribution, no domestic purchases of these materials were made by IP&D during 2012 and 
2013. Cobalt -60 (HS  2844.10.0000) and heav y water (HS 2845.10.0000) were not sold 
domestically in 2012 and 2013.  
 
2.5  Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
Not applicable.  
 
2.6  Additional Information  
None.  
 
 
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  ANNEX 1  
List of isotopes sold in 2012  
 
Actinium -225 
Arsenic -73 
Barium -130, -134, -135, -136, -137, -138 
Bismuth -207 
Bromine -81 
Cadmium -106, -109, -110, -111, -113, -114, -116 
Calcium -40, -42, -43, -44, -46, -48 
Californium -252 
Cerium -136, -138, -140, -142 
Chlorine -35, -37 
Chromium -50, -52, -53, -54 
Copper -63, -65 
Dysprosium -160, -161, -163, -164 
Erbium -164, -167, -168 
Europium -153 
Gadolinium -148, -157 
Gallium -69 
Germanium -68, -70, -73 
Hafnium -174, -176, -177, -178, -179, -180 
Helium -3 
Indium -113, -115 
Iridium -191, -193 
Iron-54, -55, -56, -57, -58 
Lead-204, -206, -207, -208 
Lithium -6, -7 
Lutetium -175, -176 
Magnesium -25, -26 
Mercury -199, -200, -201, -202, -204 
Molybdenum -92, -94, -95, -96, -97, -100 
Neodymium -142, -143, -144, -145, -146, -148, -150 
 Neptunium -237 
Nickel -61, -62, -63 
Nitrogen -15 
Osmium -186, -187, -188, -189, -190, -192 
Palladium-105, -106, -108 
Platinum -190, -194, -195, -196, -198 
Plutonium -242 
Polonium -209 
Potassium -40, -41 
Rhenium -185, -187 
Rubidium -83, -85, -87 
Ruthenium -99 
Samarium -144, -147, -148, -149, -150, -152, -154 
Selenium -77 
Silicon -28, -30 
Silver -109 
Sodium -22 
Strontium -82, -84, -86, -87, -88, -90 
Sulfur -34 
Technetium -99 
Tellurium -122, -126, -128, -130 
Thallium -203 
Thorium -229 
Tin-122, -124 
Titanium -46, -47, -49 
Tungsten -180, -182, -183, -184, -186 
Uranium -234, -235 
Ytterbium -171, -173, -174, -176 
Yttrium -88 
Zinc-64, -65, -66, -67, -68, -70 
Zirconium -88, -90, -91, -92, -94, -96 
List of isotopes sold in 2013  
 
Actinium -225 
Americium -243 
Arsenic -73 
Barium -130, -132, -134, -135, -136, -137, -138 
Bismuth -207 
Bromine -81 
Cadmium -106, -108, -109, -110, -111, -113, -116 
Calcium -40, -42, -43, -44, -46, -48 
Californium -249, -252 
Cerium -142 
Chlorine -35, -37 
Chromium -50, -53, -54 
Copper -63, -65, -67 
Curium -244 
Dysprosium -160, -162, -163 
Erbium -166, -167, -168, -170 
Europium -151, -153 
Gadolinium -152, -154, -155, -156, -158, -160 
Gallium -69, -71 
Germanium -68, -70, -73 
Hafnium -176, -177, -178, -180 
Helium -3 
Iridium -191, -193 
Iron-54, -55, -56, -57, -58 
Lanthanium -138 
Lead-204, -206, -207, -208 
Lithium -6 
Lutetium -176 
Magnesium -24, -25, -26 
Mercury -199, -200, -201, -204 
Molyb denum -92, -94, -95, -96, -97, -98, -100 Neodymium -142, -143, -144, -145, -146, -150 
Neptunium -237 
Nickel -61, -62, -63, -64 
Osmium -188, -190, -192 
Palladium -105, -106, -108 
Platinum -194, -195, -196, -198 
Plutonium -239, -242 
Polonium -209 
Potassium -40, -41 
Proactinium -231 
Rhenium -185, -187 
Rubidium -83, -85, -87 
Ruthenium -99, -100, -101 
Samarium -144, -149, -150, -152 
Selenium -77, -78, -82 
Silicon -32 
Silver -107, -109 
Sodium -22 
Strontium -82, -84, -86, -87, -88, -90 
Sulfur -34 
Technetium -99 
Tellurium -125 
Thallium -203, -205 
Thorium -227, -229 
Tin-117, -118 
Titanium -47, -48, -49, -50 
Tungsten -180, -182, -184 
Uranium -234, -235 
Ytterbium -171, -172, -176 
Zinc-64, -65, -67, -68 
Zirconium -91, -92, -94, -96 
 G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  3  POWER ADMINISTRATION S 
3.1  Enumeration of the state trading enterprises  
a. Identification of state trading enterprises  
The United States maintains the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville), Southeastern Power 
Administration (Southeastern), Southwestern Power Administration (Southwestern), and Western 
Area Power  Administration (Western) within the Department of Energy. Southeastern and 
Southwestern had no foreign transactions in the current or recent reporting periods. Information 
on these two entities is being provided for transparency purposes.  
 
b. Description of  product affected  
The product affected is Electrical Energy, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2716.  
 
3.2  Reason and Purpose  
a. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprises  
The Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) market wholes ale electricity generated at 
hydroelectric dams owned and managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) 
and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Bonneville also markets electricity 
generated by a nuclear plant owned and ope rated by Energy Northwest, and by a non -federally 
owned and operated hydro project. Western also markets about 400 MW of capacity generated by 
the Navajo coal -fired plant in Arizona. The federal government began to market electricity after 
Congress authori zed the construction of the dams and established major water projects by the 
Corps and Reclamation, primarily in the 1930s through the 1960s. The Corps and Reclamation 
operate these projects to provide or manage water for such multiple purposes as irrigati on, flood 
control, navigation, recreation, water supply, and environmental enhancement. These agencies 
also generate electricity at hydropower plants located at federal water projects. The PMAs sell the 
power that is not used for project purposes to cooper atives and public bodies, such as municipal 
utilities, irrigation districts, military installations, and to other utilities, and any power surplus to 
those needs to other power purchasing entities.  
 
In addition to the more general purposes above, the self -financed Bonneville is obligated to meet 
requesting publicly -owned utilities' loads in its Pacific Northwest marketing area; own, operate, 
and maintain a high -voltage transmission system; encourage conservation; and to protect, 
mitigate and enhance the fis h and wildlife of the Columbia River and its tributaries. Bonneville sells 
at wholesale and at cost the electric power produced at 31 operating federal hydroelectric projects 
owned and operated by the Corps and Reclamation, and the electric power produced by the non -
federally owned and operated nuclear and hydro plants previously mentioned. Bonneville acquires 
and sells non -Federal electric power and conservation resources sufficient to meet the net, non -
generating, requirements of Bonneville public custome rs. Bonneville's Administrator and the Corps' 
Division Engineer, Northwestern Division, are directed by Executive Order to be the U.S. Entity 
overseeing the execution of the 1961 Columbia River Treaty between the United States and 
Canada.  
 
b. Legal authority  
The PMAs are separate and distinct entities within the Department of Energy (DOE), operating 
pursuant to their enabling legislation, including the Department of Energy Organization Act 
of 1977.  
 
The Bonneville Project Act of 1937 ("Project Act") establish ed the Bonneville Power Administration 
within the Department of the Interior (later incorporated into the Department of Energy). The 
Bonneville Project Act, the Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, the Pacific 
Northwest Electric Power Pl anning and Conservation Act of 1980, the Columbia River Treaty of 
1961, and other federal laws contain provisions that define Bonneville's mission and/or affect the 
way it is carried out.  
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  The missions of the Southeastern  Power Administration and the Southwestern Power 
Administration are set forth in section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.  
 
The authority for Western Area Power Administration's operations derives from the federal 
reclamation laws, in particular section 9(c) of the Reclamation Project Act of 1939, and consistent 
with section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.  
 
3.3  Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprises  
a. Overview  
The PMAs sell electric power generated by hydroelectric projects (and ot hers as noted) owned and 
operated by Reclamation or the Corps, who also provide or manage water for such multiple 
purposes as irrigation, flood control, navigation, recreation, municipal water supply, and 
environmental enhancement.  
 
b. Specification of exclus ive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprises  
The PMAs, except the self -financed Bonneville, are funded by a variety of methods, including 
annual appropriations to DOE and use of PMA receipts. The non -Bonneville PMA revenue t hat is not 
used to fund PMA activities is deposited in the Miscellaneous Receipts account and the Reclamation 
Fund in the U.S. Treasury. The PMAs are exempt from Federal income taxation and from state and 
local taxation.  
 
Bonneville is a self -financed fede ral entity. Bonneville is authorized to use the proceeds in the BPA 
fund without appropriation and without fiscal year limitation. BPA's revenues are not part of the 
general funds of the U.S. Treasury. To finance its capital programs, Bonneville is authori zed by the 
Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, as amended, to issue to the U.S. 
Treasury up to $7.7 billion of interest -bearing bonds with terms and repayment conditions 
comparable to debt issued by U.S. government corporations. Bonnevi lle is statutorily treated (16 
U.S.C 838i (c)) as a wholly -owned U.S. Government corporation under provisions of the 
Government Corporation Control Act (31  U.S.C  9106) for purposes of its financial and budget 
operations.  
 
c. Type of entities other than the st ate trading enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
More than 3,000 private investor -owned, local government -owned, and cooperatively -owned 
utilities engaged in the generation, transmission and dis tribution of electricity are permitted to 
import and export electricity.  
 
d. How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprises  
The PMAs may import and export electricity as authorized by each PMA's legislative authority and 
by its manag ement. Southeastern and Southwestern do not import or export power to other 
countries. Western imports and exports only non -firm power. A portion of the firm power output 
generated at federal and non -federal Columbia River projects is owned by Canada ("Can adian 
Entitlement") under the terms of the Columbia River Treaty, and Bonneville delivers that power to 
Canada primarily at the US/Canadian border on behalf of the U.S. Entity and is obligated to do so 
through at least 16 September 2024. Additionally, from  time to time, Bonneville may import or 
export short -term non -firm or firm energy or capacity.  
 
The PMAs are not required to obtain export authorizations. Import and export levels are 
determined by supply and demand.  
 
e. How export prices are determined  
Weste rn and Bonneville export surplus power at market -based rates.  
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  f. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The costs Bonneville and Western incur to purchase imported power are incorporated into the 
power -related production costs for these a gencies.  Firm power is sold to customers at cost -based 
firm power rates.  The price of surplus power sales is set at market prices.  This market price can 
vary significantly, depending on market conditions. Any excess revenue derived from the sale of 
surplus  power is used to reduce future firm power rates, ensuring that the agencies do not recover 
more than their full power -related costs.  
 
g. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprises. Whether 
the state trading enterprises are used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government.  
Bonneville, Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western sign long -term contracts for the sale of 
federally -generated power within the United States. Western does not sign long -term contract s for 
the exportation or importation of non -firm power. The Columbia River Treaty provides for the 
delivery of the Canadian share of the Treaty's downstream power benefits to the Canadian border 
through at least 16 September 2024, of approximately 4.3 Tera watt hours annually.  
 
h. Description of market structure  
The structure for the electricity market is competitive. Private investor -owned utilities, both U.S. 
and foreign -owned, government instrumentalities and government -owned providers of electricity, 
are en gaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the United States. The 
regional electric grids are interconnected with Canada and Mexico. There is no tariff on electricity.  
 
3.4  Statistical Information  
See attached tables.  
 
3.5  Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
Not applicable.  
 
3.6  Other information  
None.  
 
4  STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE  
4.1  Enumeration of the state trading enterprise  
a. Identification of state trading enterprise  
The United States maintains the Strategic Petroleum Reserve withi n the Department of Energy.  
 
b. Description of product affected  
The product affected is Crude Petroleum, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2709.  
 
4.2  Reason and Purpose  
a. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The Strategic Pe troleum Reserve (SPR) is a crude oil stockpile, managed by the Department of 
Energy (DOE). The SPR mission is to reduce vulnerability to economic, national security, and 
foreign policy consequences of supply interruptions.  
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  b. Legal authority  
The SPR was created pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 22  December  1975 
(Public Law 94 -163), as amended, to reduce the impact of disruptions in supplies of petroleum 
products and to carry out obligations of the United States under the Agreement on a n 
International Energy Program.  
 
4.3  Description and Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a. Overview  
The United States, through the SPR, owns and operates four underground storage facilities for 
crude oil with a combined storage capacity of 727  million ba rrels. The SPR acquires both domestic 
and imported crude oil through purchase and exchange. In recent years, oil has been obtained 
primarily through the competitive purchase of domestic or imported oil to be delivered to the SPR. 
Together the facilities an d crude oil represent more than a $20 billion national investment.  
 
During an emergency "drawdown" of crude oil from the reserve, DOE is to competitively sell and 
distribute the crude oil to purchasers primarily through commercial pipelines and marine term inals.  
 
On 12 March 2014, the SPR issued a Notice of Sale for a test sale of five million barrels of crude 
oil. The purpose of the test sale was to evaluate the SPR's sales and drawdown distribution 
capabilities within the SPR TEXOMA distribution system, w hich includes the SPR sites at Big Hill, 
Texas and West Hackberry, Louisiana. Increased domestic crude oil production has resulted in 
significant changes in infrastructure and transportation systems for moving crude oil to refining 
centers along the U.S. G ulf Coast. These changes included pipeline expansions and new 
construction, reversed direction of flow in existing pipelines, and increased utilization of U.S. flag 
vessels and crude oil terminals. Conducting the test sale helped evaluate how these infrast ructure 
and transportation changes may impact the ability to distribute SPR crude oil in the TEXOMA 
distribution system.  
 
b. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
The SPR,  is an agency of the United States Government funded by annual appropriations for the 
Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account and by the SPR Petroleum Account. During an emergency 
drawdown and sale of crude oil, the SPR Petroleum Account is the source of fundi ng the 
incremental costs of withdrawing oil from the storage caverns and transporting it to the point 
where purchasers take title. If additional funds are required for drawdown, they may be 
transferred from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account or other DOE offices. The Federal 
Government deposits to the account an amount equal to receipts realized from sales resulting from 
an emergency drawdown to create additional funding to fill the SPR.  
 
c. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that a re allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private companies engaged in the exploration, production, refining, storage and distribution of 
crude oil are permitted to import and export crude oil.  
 
d. How import/export leve ls are established for state trading enterprise  
Oil is imported in accordance with Reserve fill plans as determined by legislative or administration 
direction.  
 
e. How export prices are determined  
SPR does not export crude oil.  
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  f. How the resale prices of impor ted products are determined  
Imported and domestic crude oil is commingled in the underground storage facilities. The price of 
SPR crude oil sold is determined through competition open to all financially responsible offerors.  
 
g. Whether long -term contracts ar e negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government.  
The SPR has previously used exchange contracts to fill the Reserve. It is anticipated that future 
purchases of crude oil will be done through a competitive purchase program. The SPR is currently 
at 95% full to its capacity.  
 
h. Description of market structure  
The structure of the crude oil market is international and competitive. Vertically -integrated oil 
companies and independent companies, both U.S. and foreign -owned, are engaged in the 
exploration, production, refining, storage and distribution of crude oil in the United States. The 
tariffs on crude oil are 5.25  cents per barrel for crude oil testing less than 25 degrees API and 10.5 
cents per barrel for crude oil testing 25 degrees API or more.  
 
4.4  Statistical Information  
See attached tables.  
 
4.5  Reason why no fo reign trade has taken place  
Not applicable.  
 
4.6  Additional Information  
None.  
   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 12 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND DISTR IBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2012  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark-up National Production  
Element, Isotope & 
Compound with Radioactivity 
only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope 
& Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  484,741 MBq  $1.47/MBq  Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Source:  National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business Office, Oak Ridge, TN.   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 13 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2013  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark-up National Production  
Element, Isotope & 
Compound with Radioactivity 
only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope 
& Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  1,346,504 MBq  $2.02/MBq  Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Source:  National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business Office, Oak Ridge, TN.   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 14 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND D ISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2012  
Description of Product Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by State 
Trading Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price National 
Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  3,281,301 MBq  $1,501,002 total  Unknown  $0.46/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  2.55 kg  $0 Unknown  $125,617/kg  Unknown  
Source:  National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business Office, Oak Ridge, TN.  
  
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 15 - STATISTICAL INFORMAT ION, EXPORTS 20 13 
Description of Product Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price National 
Production  
Element, Isotope &  Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  956,080 MBq  $1,539,277 total  Unknown  $1.61/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0.057 kg  $0 Unknown  $54,977,210/kg  Unknown  
 
Source:  National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business Office, Oak Ridge, TN.  
  
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 16 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND D ISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2012  
Description of Product Including 
HS Number  Domestic Purchases By State 
Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales B y State Trading 
Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  $0 Unknown  15,579,436 MBq  
($1.69/MBq)  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  $0 Unknown  41.1 kg  
$85,372/kg  Unknown  
 
Source:  National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business  Office, Oak Ridge, TN.  
  
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 17 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2013  
Description of Product Including 
HS Number  Domestic Purchases By State 
Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State Trading 
Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  $0 Unknown  10,954,037 MBq  
($2.02/MBq)  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  $0 Unknown  39 kg  
$126,747/kg  Unknown  
 
Source:  National Isotope Development Center, Isotope Business Office, Oak Ridge, TN.   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 18 - TABLE I2 
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMI NISTRATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2012  
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported3 Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price4 Mark-up National 
Production5 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  0 N/A 9.84 cents/kWh  N/A 4,048 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  0 N/A 9.84 cents/kWh  N/A 4,048 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 59 billion kWh  0.756 billion kWh  $0.0249/kWh  9.84 cents/kWh  N/A 4,048 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  Op Agrmnts: 0.01 
billion kWh Energy: 
0.10 billion kWh  Op Agrmnts: N/A* 
Energy: 
$.0230/kWh*  9.84 cents/kWh  N/A 4,048 billion kWh  
* Average price at mid -C Hub.  
                                                
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year (October – September) rather than calendar year amounts.  
3 Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, December, 2015, Table 7.1 – Electricity Overview, 1950 -2015, Imports, p. 107.  
4 Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, December, 2015, Table 9.8 Average Retail Prices of Electric ity, Total Cents Per Kilowatt Hour Including Taxes, 
p. 141.  
5 Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, December, 2015, Table 7.1 – Electricity Overview, 1950 -2015, Net Generation, p. 107.   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 19 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2013  
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported6 Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import  
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price7 Mark-up National 
Production8 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  64 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.08 cents/kWh  N/A 4,058 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  64 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.08 cents/kWh  N/A 4,058 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  64 billion kWh  0.105 billion kWh  $0.038/kWh  10.08 cents/kWh  N/A 4,058 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  64 billion kWh  Op Agrmnts: 0.01 
billion kWh  
Energy: 0.59 billion 
kWh Op Agrmnts: N/A 
Energy: 
$.0373/kWh*  10.08 cents/kWh  N/A 4,058 billion kWh  
* Average Price at mid -C Hub.  
                                                
6 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energ y Review, April 2014" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Imports).  
7 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly, February 2014" - Table ES1.B. Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics, Year -to-Date 2013 and 2012, 
January through December (Average Retail Price), and Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly, February 2014" - Table 5.3. Average Retail Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers: Total by End -Use Sector, 2003 through December 2013 (All Sectors).  
8 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly, February 2014" - Table ES1.B. Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics, Year -to-Date 2013 and 2012 
(Net Generation, All Energy Sources 2013), and Energy Information Administration, "Monthly E nergy Review, April 2014" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Net Generation, Total).   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 20 - TABLE II9 
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTRATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2012  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported10 Quantity Exported by 
State Trading Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price11 Average Export 
Price National Production12 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 12 billion kWh  0 N/A 9.84 cents/kWh  N/A 4,048 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 12 billion kWh  0 N/A 9.84 cents/kWh  N/A 4,048 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 12 billion kWh  32.0 million kWh  N/A 9.84 cents/kWh  $0.0233/kWh  4,048 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 12 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
4.27 billion kWh  
Energy: 0.95 billion 
kWh N/A 9.84 cents/kWh  Op Agrmnts: N/A  
Energy:  
$0.0230/kWh*  4,048 billion kWh  
* Average Price at mid -C Hub.  
                                                
9 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year (October – September) rather than calendar year amounts.  
10 Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, December, 2015, Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, 1950 -2015, Exports, p. 107.  
11 Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, December, 2015, Table 9.8 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Tot al Cents Per Kilowatt Hour Including Taxes, 
p. 104.  
12 Energy Informat ion Administration, Monthly Energy Review, December, 2015, Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, 1950 -2015, Net Generation, p. 107.   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 21 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2013  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported13 Quantity Exported by 
State Trading Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price14 Average Export 
Price National Production15 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 11 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.08 cents/kWh  N/A 4,058 billion kWh 
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 11 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.08 cents/kWh  N/A 4,058 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 11 billion kWh  14.2 million kWh  N/A 10.08 cents/kWh  $0.0274/kWh  4,058 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 11 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
4.27 billion kWh  
Energy: 4.39 billion 
kWh N/A 10.08 cents/kWh  Op Agrmnts: N/A  
Energy:  
$0.0373/kWh*  4,058 billion kWh  
* Average price at mid -C Hub.  
 
                                                
13 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2014" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Exports).  
14 "Electric P ower Monthly, February 2014" - Table ES1.B. Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics, Year -to-Date 2013 and 2012, January through December 
(Average Retail Price), and Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly, February 2014" - Table 5.3. Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers: Total 
by End -Use Sector, 2003 through December 2013 (All Sectors).  
15 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly, February 2014" - Table ES1.B. Total Electric Power Industry S ummary Statistics, Year -to-Date 2013 and 2012 
(Net Generation, All Energy Sources 2013), and Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2014" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Net Generation, Total).   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 22 - TABLE III16 
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTRA TION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2012  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National Production17 Domestic S ales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption18 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  1.1 billion kWh  4,048 billion kWh  5.4 billion kWh  3,832 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  721.5 million kWh  4,048 billion kWh  3.7 billion kWh 3,832 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  7.2 billion kWh  4,048 billion kWh  36.7 billion kWh  3,832 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  5.5 billion kWh  4,048 billion kWh  96.2 billion kWh  3,832 billion kWh  
 
                                                
16 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year (October – September) rather than calendar year amounts.  
17 Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, December, 2015, Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, 1950 -2015, Net Generation, p. 107.  
18 Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy  Review, December, 2015, Table 7.1, Electricity Overview, 1950 -2015, End Use, p. 107.   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 23 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2013  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National Production19 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption20 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  394.4 million kWh  4,058 billion kWh  7.1 billion kWh  3,831 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  399.7 million kWh  4,058 billion kWh  4.4 billion kWh  3,831 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  9.5 billion kWh  4,058 billion kWh  33.3 billion kWh  3,831 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  5.0 billion kWh*  4,058 billion kWh  77.8 billion kWh**  3,831 billion kWh  
* Domestic purchases by STE Bonneville = Total purchases for CY 2013 of 5,595.1M kWh minus 589M kWh imports = 5,006M kWh of dom estic purchases. 
(Source:  Power Operations, PGPO, MWH Reconciliation Report).  
** Domestic sales by STE Bonneville = Total sales for CY 2013 of 86,462.9M kWh minus 8,659M kWh of exports = 77,808M kWh of domestic sales.  
Source: Power Operations, PGPO, MWH Reconciliation Report.  
                                                
19 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly, February 2014" - Table ES1.B. Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics, Year -to-Date 2013 and 2012 
(Net Generation, All Energy Sources 2013), and Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2014" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (Net Generation, Total).  
20 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2014" - Table 7.1 Electricity Overview (End Use, Total).   
  G/STR/N/15/U SA/Rev.1  
 
- 24 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE  
STATISTICAL INFORMAT ION, IMPORTS 2012  
Description of Product 
Including HS  Number  Total Quantity 
Imported *  Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price **  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price ***  Mark-up National Production ****  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  3,120,755  
(1,000 Barrels)  0  
 $99.78  
(Per Barrel)  $94.52  
(Per Barrel)  N/A 2,374,136  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Source: 2012 U.S. Annual Imports of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=mcrimus1&f=a .  
** Source: EIA F.O.B. Costs of Imported Crude Oil by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_imc1_k_a.htm .  
*** The actual domestic average price represents the average price at the lease (or wellhead) at which domestic crude oil is purch ased. Source: EIA Domestic Crude Oil 
First Purchase Prices by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_K_A.htm .  
**** Source: EIA U.S. Annual Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n= pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a .  
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 25 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2013  
Description of Product 
Including HS  Number  Total Quantity 
Imported *  Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price **  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price ***  Mark-up National Production ****  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  2,821,480  
(1,000 Barrels)  0  
 $96.56  
(Per Barrel)  $95.99  
(Per Barrel)  N/A 2,725,665  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Source: 2013 U.S. Annual Imports of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=mcrimus1&f=a .  
** Source: EIA F.O.B. Costs of Imported Crude Oil by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_imc1_k_a.htm .  
*** The actual domestic average price represents the average price at the lease (or wellhead) at which domestic crude oil is purc hased. Source: EIA Domestic Crude Oil 
First Purchase Prices by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_K_A.htm .  
**** Source: EIA U.S. Annual Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a .   
  G/STR/N/15/U SA/Rev.1  
 
- 26 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VESTATISTICAL INFORM ATION, EXPORTS 2012  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported *  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price 
** Average Export Price 
*** National Production 
**** 
Crude Oil - HS 2709  24,693  
(1,000 Barrels)  0 N/A $94.52  
(Per Barrel)  $94.52  
(Per Barrel)  2,374,136  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Source: U.S. Exports of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** The actual dome stic average price represents the average price at the lease (or wellhead) at which domestic crude oil is purchased. Source: EIA Domestic Crude Oil 
First Purchase Prices by Area, https://www .eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_k_A.htm .  
*** Source: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_K_A.htm .  
**** Source: EIA U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a .   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 27 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2013  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported *  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price 
** Average Export Price 
*** National Production 
**** 
Crude Oil - HS 2709  48,968  
(1,000 Barrels)  0 N/A $95.99  
(Per Barrel)  $95.99  
(Per Barrel)  2,725,665  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Source: U.S. Exports of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . Note: This does not include petroleum 
products; oil exports in 2013 were limited to pipeline exports to Canada and Mexico.  
** The actual domestic average price represents the average price at the lease (or wellhead) at which domestic crude oil is purc hased. Source: EIA Domestic Crude Oil 
First Purchase Pric es by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_k_A.htm . 
*** Source: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_K_A.htm . Oil exports in 2013 were limited to pipeline exports to Canada and Mexico.  
**** Source: EIA U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/Leaf Handler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a .  
  G/STR/N/15/U SA/Rev.1  
 
- 28 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2012  
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production *  Domestic Sales By State Trading 
Enterprise **  National Consumption ***  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0 2,374,136 (1,000 Barrels)  1,000,000  18,490  
(1,000 Barrels/Day Average)  
* Source: EIA  U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a .  
** Hurricane Isaac Exchange: In late August 2012, Tropical Storm Isaac entered the Gulf of Mexic o. Marathon Oil Company requested an emergency loan of 1 MMbbl to 
supplement Marathon's supplies to ensure that their refining operations had sufficient supplies to continue operations. Sourc e: DOE/FE Long Term Strategic Review, 
August, 2016, at page 18, https://energy.gov/fe/downloads/long -term-strategic -review -ltsr-us-strategic -petroleum -reserve -spr-report -congress .   
*** Source: EIA  U.S. Product Supplied of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mttupus2&f=a .   
  G/STR/N/15/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 29 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, D OMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2013  
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production *  Domestic Sales By State Trading 
Enterprise  National Consumption **  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0 2,725,665 (1,000 Barrels)  0 18,961  
(1,000 Barrels/Day Avg)  
* Source: EIA  U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a . 
** Source: EIA  U.S. Product Supplied of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mttupus2&f=a . 
 
__________