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Trade Policy Review Body    
 
* In Original language only/ En langue originale seulement /En el idioma original solamente . 
  MOZAMBIQUE  
DRAFT MINUTES  OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 3 AND 5 MAY 2017  
Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the 
Secretariat ( Mrs Barbara Blanquart: barbara.blanq uart@wto.org , or to  tprd@wto.org ) no later 
than 14 June 2017 . 
 
Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales  
 
MOZAMBIQUE  
PROJET DE COMPTE REN DU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 3 ET 5 MAI 2017  
Les délégations sont invitées à soum ettre leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs 
propres déclarations au Secrétariat ( Mme Barbara Blanquart: barbara.blanquart@wto.org , ou 
tprd@wto.org ) le 14 juin 2017  au plus tard.  
 
Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales  
 
MOZAMBIQUE  
PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 3 Y 5 DE MAYO DE 201 7 
Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría (Sr a. Barbara Blanquart: 
barbara.blanquart@wto.org , o tprd@wto.org ) a más tardar el 14 de junio de 2017  las 
correcciones fácticas que deseen introducir en sus propias declaraciones.  
 
 
_______________  
 WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
MOZAMBIQUE  
DRAFT  MINUTES OF THE MEETI NG 
Chairperson: Ms. Irene Young (Hong Kong, China)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  3 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVE O F MOZAMBIQUE  .............................  5 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  9 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBER S ................................ ................................ ........................  15 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRE SENTATIVE OF MOZAMBI QUE AND ADDITIONAL 
COMMENTS  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  41 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  49 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies 
provided by Mozambique are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/354/Add.1 and will be available 
online at http://www.wto.org/e nglish/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The new TPRB Chair, His Excellency Ambassador Juan Carlos Gonzalez of Colombia, 
unfortunately could not chair this meeting, as he was away from Geneva. According to the TPRB 
rules of procedure (paragraph 6 of document WT/TPR/6/Rev.3) in the absence of the Chairperson, 
the Chairperson of the General Council, or in the latter's absence, the Chairperson of the DSB, 
should perform the functions of the Chairperson. The Secretariat check ed the availability of both 
Chairs, and unfortunately, both were unavailable. According to the rules of procedure, in that case, 
the TPRB should elect an interim Chairperson for the meeting. As the former TPRB Chair, Ms. Irene 
Young (Hong Kong, China) was asked to be the interim Chair. No delegation had an objection to 
this proposal.  
1.2.  The third Trade Policy Review of Mozambique was held on 3 and 5 May 2017. The 
Chairperson, Ms. Irene Young (Hong Kong, China) welcomed the delegation of Mozambique 
headed by H. E. Ernesto Max Tonela, Minister of Industry and Trade; the delegation from 
Mozambique; and the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Christopher Onyanga Aparr (Uganda).  
1.3.  Members were pleased to have with them other guests. First, as agreed by Members earlier, 
the Uni ted Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) was attending this meeting as 
observer on an ad hoc basis. Second, sitting at the back were government officials of WTO 
Members and Observer Governments who were participating in a Geneva -based Trade Policy 
Course organized by the Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation of the WTO Secretariat, 
as part of the WTO's Trade -related Technical Assistance activities. Attendance at WTO meetings 
(including TPR meetings) had been an integral part of the se courses, and the Chairperson hoped 
their guests would find this meeting useful.  
1.4.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of the Trade Policy Reviews and the main elements of 
the procedures for the meeting. The report by Mozambique was contained in document 
WT/TPR/G/354 and that of the WTO Secretariat in WT/TPR/S/354.  
1.5.  Questions by the following delegations had been submitted in writing before the deadline: 
Singapore; Argentina; Kenya; European Union; Canada; United States; and China. The following 
delegations  submitted written questions after the deadline: Brazil; Norway; Thailand; Republic of 
Korea; and Chile.  
1.6.  At the previous TPR in 2009, Members had congratulated Mozambique on its positive 
economic performance, but had also noted that Mozambique was among th e poorest LDCs, due 
mainly to supply -side constraints such as poor access and high costs of utilities. At the same time, 
administrative hurdles had undermined the business environment and the economy's 
competitiveness. Mozambique had been therefore urged t o continue its reform process, so as to 
promote private sector development and improve the functioning of its public sector. During this 
review period, important changes to the legislation and institutional arrangements had indeed 
been introduced. They aff ected a wide spectrum of trade -related policies and economic activities, 
such as competition policy, government procurement, intellectual property rights, mining and 
energy, tourism and telecommunications. What exactly did these changes mean to foreign tra ders? 
Could they expect greater ease of doing business and better investment conditions? Many advance 
written questions had been raised in this regard, suggesting that elaboration by the Mozambique 
delegation at this meeting would be helpful.  
1.7.  Members reca lled that, at the last TPR, two others factors crucial to Mozambique's 
sustainable development had been highlighted, namely economic diversification and technical 
assistance for capacity building. In its latest report, the Secretariat had observed strong g rowth in 
Mozambique's economy, fueled by FDI inflows into the extractive industries and supported by 
sound macroeconomic management. However, the economy was still relatively undiversified and 
vulnerable to swings in commodity prices. Recently, FDI and don or aid had both decreased, 
whereas inflation, as well as current account and trade deficits were on the rise. It was therefore 
timely that Members had this TPR, so that the Mozambique delegation could share with them the 
country's long -term economic and de velopment strategies to address these challenges.   
1.8.  With regard to specific trade policies and measures, the last TPR had seen improvements in 
customs procedures. During this review period, there had been further efforts to speed up border WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  clearance, such as putting in place a single window, an authorized economic operator scheme and 
new transit regulations. And having ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement, the authorities were 
ready for its implementation. Members who were interested in these new devel opments would 
have a chance to learn more about them at this meeting.   
1.9.  Comments on the tariff regime at the last TPR had been mixed. While Members had 
commended Mozambique for its unilateral reduction of tariffs, they had been concerned about the 
low leve l of bindings, and the gap between bound and applied MFN rates. As the tariff regime saw 
no significant changes during this review period, it might be  helpful to know if the authorities had 
any plans to enhance its predictability in the near future.  
1.10.   Anothe r area in which Members might like to see action taken was compliance with WTO 
notification requirements. This was a long -standing issue that had come up repeatedly in 
Mozambique's last two TPRs. As it remained a concern affecting several aspects of WTO wo rk, it 
still merited Members attention at this meeting.  
1.11.   Members would have the opportunity to discuss in greater detail these and other issues of 
interest to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. The Chairperson 
looked forward  to a fruitful exchange.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVE O F MOZAMBIQUE (H.E. E RNESTO MAX 
TONELA)  
2.1.  First of all, allow me to express, on behalf of the People and Government of Mozambique, of 
my delegation and on my own behalf, as Head of delegation,  our great satisfaction for standing 
before this august Assembly, on the occasion of the third Trade Policy Review of Mozambique.  
2.2.  I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Director General of the WTO, 
H.E. Ambassador Roberto de Azevêdo, to the C hair of the Trade Policy Review Body, to the WTO 
Secretariat for their tireless effort and continued work and assistance in the preparation of this 
exercise.  
2.3.  Allow me to convey my deepest appreciation to the Director of the WTO Trade Policy Review 
Division  and his entire team that worked with Mozambique during the process of preparation of 
this review since April 2016.  
2.4.  I express special thanks to His Excellency Ambassador Christopher Onyanga Aparr for having 
accepted to take on the role of discussant.  
2.5.  Finally, allow me to also express our thanks to all Members of the WTO for their support and 
interest clearly shown to Mozambique through their presence and advanced questions.  
2.6.  We are very grateful for all the comments made and questions raised by Members and 
partners concerning both the Government and the Secretariat reports.  
2.7.  Indeed, this demonstrates the interest of WTO Members, Observers, and development 
partners in a better understanding of as well as the desire for helping Mozambique to make 
improvements where necessary in order to better use trade as a tool for growth and economic 
development.  
2.8.  We hope to be able to provide answers and clarification to all questions during this trade 
policy review. If not, we will be glad to provide them later, before the publication of the final 
report.  
2.9.  On this special occasion, we would like to reiterate that Mozambique considers the 
mechanism of periodic trade policy review of all WTO Members as a key element of the multilateral 
trading system.  
2.10.   The mechanism contributes  to a more transparent and comprehensive understanding of the 
trade policies and practices of Members, among other tools governing international trade.  
2.11.   The multilateral trading system remains a priority for Mozambique. We strongly believe that 
well-functio ning multilateral trade rules are essential for the efficiency of international trade and 
for the well -functioning of the global economy.  
2.12.   We reiterate our commitment to providing our contribution towards an early conclusion of 
the Doha Development Round i n its objective of promoting a more inclusive, equitable and 
development -oriented international trading system.  
2.13.   Mozambique has a population of approximately 26 million, the majority of whom are young 
people, with average age of 17 years old and living in r ural areas.  
2.14.   Indeed, we will need to take this reality as an advantage and opportunity to empower these 
youngsters to contribute to Mozambique's future development. Education and training, including 
vocational training, are some of our priorities.  
2.15.   Since th e last Trade Policy Review in 2009, the Government of Mozambique continued to 
pursue policies and regulations aimed at economic transformation, industrialization, value addition 
and diversification of production and export commodities.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  2.16.   The goal of the Gov ernment is to increase economic growth, job creation, diversify exports 
and markets, reduce imbalances and poverty and achieve economic development.  
2.17.   Mozambique development is anchored on the National Development Strategy that clearly 
points out industriali zation as a key driver for new economic dynamics.  
2.18.   Our vision is that Mozambique becomes a safe, peaceful, prosperous and one of the most 
competitive economies in the Southern Africa.  
2.19.   Emphasis on this Development Plan is placed on the development of human  capital, 
development of productive infrastructures, innovation, and technological development, creation of 
specialized centres of research and development.  
2.20.   Despite the challenges of several exogenous factors in Mozambique, agriculture continues to 
deserv e prominence in the Government's policies aimed at transforming it from subsistence into 
commercial.  
2.21.   Programmes and strategies have been developed over time together with important and 
profound reforms to increase production and productivity so that agricu lture becomes competitive 
in international markets while at the same time attracting investments.  
2.22.   Reforms also aim at opening up more sectors of the economy, with a view to diversify the 
economic basis, as well as attract investment.  
2.23.   In May 2016, the Gove rnment approved the Industrial Policy and Strategy for the period 
2016-2025, which specifies the general guidelines for industrial development.  
2.24.   After a period of growth and despite the emerging extractive industry, the country is now 
confronted with decrea sed growth rates of 3.3% in 2016, compared to the impressive growth 
figures over the last decades, averaging around 7% per year, resulting from significant 
macroeconomic stability, foreign direct investments, and donor support.  
2.25.   The decreased growth rate c an be associated, in part, to the falling of commodities' prices, 
such as gas and coal in the international market, which affected the pace of investments in 
Mozambique.  
2.26.   Encouraged by the recent improvement on prices of these commodities, we estimate that  
the economy may grow at 5.5%, 6.3% and 7.2%, respectively in 2017, 2018 and in 2019. 
Extractive industry will be the sector that will have the highest sectorial growth share in 2017, with 
18.9%.  
2.27.   Efforts are underway in order to diversify our export base. In this regard, we are in the 
process of concluding the updating of the National Export Strategy for 2017 -2020.  
2.28.   We are in close interaction with our development partners, including the International 
Monetary Fund (IMF) to find solutions for the present fin ancial constraints we are facing.  
2.29.   We hope solutions and appropriate mechanisms will be found in order to resume the 
financial support to our programmes as soon as feasible.  
2.30.   Mozambique presented its latest trade policy review in April 2009 and since then many 
reforms and economic and trade regulations have been put in place in order to create a more 
favorable trade and investment environment and greater predictability in its policies and practices.  
2.31.   At that time, some recommendations were made. The Governme nt sought, to the extent 
possible and within its scarce human and financial resources, to comply with some of them.  
2.32.   We recognize that we still have many challenges before us, particularly with regard to 
notifications due by Mozambique as a Member of the W TO. WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  2.33.   We would like to continue, with your valuable support, complying with our obligations, in 
training more technical people in charge of handling the process of notifications, which we consider 
very relevant and urgent for Mozambique.  
2.34.   Other areas of tech nical assistance are listed in the Government report which, in our view, 
should deserve attention from our bilateral and international development partners.  
2.35.   Mozambique will continue working with its partners and donors willing to assist in the needs 
listed  in the report and we welcome all the members and specialized organizations' interest in 
assisting Mozambique.  
2.36.   We would like to inform Members that the list of products subject to pre -shipment 
inspections has been significantly reduced if compared to 2009.  The Government is now in the 
process of developing a migration strategy from the current pre -shipment inspections to a 
risk-based inspection.  
2.37.   Mozambique has ratified the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. Accordingly, we have 
notified the categories A, B and C to the WTO Secretariat.  
2.38.   In addition, we have established a National Committee on Trade Facilitation which 
comprises representatives from public institutions dealing with trade facilitation, and 
representatives from private sector, represented by the  Confederation of Trade Association which 
works closely with the private sector.  
2.39.   We are further working on the identification of our needs for assistance, and we expect that, 
as soon as the work is concluded, the documents will be submitted to the WTO Sec retariat.  
2.40.   We urge WTO, WTO Members and partners to extend their assistance to Mozambique. We 
look forward to the support of our development partners for a successful implementation of the 
Trade Facilitation Agreement.  
2.41.   We are working with our neighboring c ountries, in particular those which use Mozambique 
as a corridor for their international trade so that we can develop joint actions to further improve 
trade facilitation infrastructures and processes.  
2.42.   In 2008, the Government approved the first strategy for  improving the business 
environment in Mozambique for the period 2008 -2012, which aimed essentially at stimulating the 
private sector to invest in the country for economic growth and thereby contribute to job creation 
and, consequently, the redistribution of domestic income.  
2.43.   The second strategy was approved for the period 2013 -2017 and we are now evaluating this 
useful instrument alongside the designing of the third strategy for the period 2018 -2022.  
2.44.   In this process and given the important role that the pr ivate sector plays in the identification 
of bottlenecks and impediments that hinder the business, the Government and the private sector 
have strengthened their mechanisms of public and private dialogue through periodical meetings, at 
different levels. This  dialogue has resulted in substantive reduction on time and costs in doing 
business in Mozambique.  
2.45.   Still in this vein, a single agency for investment and export promotion was established in 
view to maximize our efforts to promote and attract domestic and f oreign investment, along with 
export diversification and promotion.  
2.46.   In the area of trade in services, allow me to inform the Members that the Government 
launched a tender for more civil aviation companies to operate different national and international 
routes. It will definitely open new opportunities for diversified investments in air transportation 
and tourism related services.  
2.47.   Mozambique continues to pursue regional integration and we are committed to the 
consolidation of integration process within Sout hern Africa.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  2.48.   We are already negotiating a concept of a tripartite initiative which seeks to bring together 
COMESA, EAC and SADC markets and optimize the issue of overlapping membership in these three 
regional economic organizations. At the continental lev el, we are engaged in negotiations for the 
establishment of the Continental Free Trade Area.  
2.49.   To better explore all the opportunities offered in both regional and global markets, we will 
need more domestic and foreign investments in order to increase our pr oduction and productivity 
and to meet the required standards that will allow us to enter into specific markets.  
2.50.   Therefore, I seize this opportunity to invite all entrepreneurs from all the Member States to 
join Mozambique in its efforts to provide better l ife for all, as defined in the Sustainable 
Development Goals 2016 -2030.  
2.51.   The Mozambican Parliament ratified last month the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) 
with the European Union.  
2.52.   It is expected that the implementation of that agreement will help Moza mbique to expand 
areas such as standards development to meet EU pre -requisites, and develop capacity building in 
view to be able to implement the development policies.  
2.53.   We believe the EU will be in a position to provide the necessary assistance, as agreed 
between the Parties, in order to reach such purpose and fulfil the defined objectives.  
2.54.   To conclude, I would like to, once again, convey our sincere gratitude to the different 
bilateral and multilateral partners who have been providing technical and financi al assistance to 
our country.  
2.55.   It is our hope that the negotiations in the WTO will give emphasis to the development 
dimension including consideration of the need for a special and differentiated treatment for those 
who are most in need.  
2.56.   This will allow f or a fully integration in the multilateral trading system, under the 
commitment to use trade as an engine for economic growth and development, in an equitable 
way. 
2.57.   Furthermore, it will enable us to also reap the benefits of the global trade which will 
ultimately materialize the aspirations of our peoples as defined in the Sustainable Development 
Goals.  
2.58.   I thank you all for your kind attention.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSANT  
3.1.  I am pleased to join you in welcoming the delegation of Mozambique led by Honorable 
Minister Ernesto Max Tonela, Minister of Industry and Trade. It is an honour for me, as Permanent 
Representative of Uganda, to participate in this trade policy review, and to have been invited in my 
personal capacity to be a discussant at this third trade po licy review session of Mozambique.  
3.2.  I am extremely grateful to my colleague, H.E. Ambassador Commassario, for the confidence 
he has put in me to choose me for this honored position of a discussant. Honorable Minister, you 
have a diligent and conscientious r epresentative in the person of Ambassador Commassario at 
your Permanent Mission to the WTO in Geneva. I admire his ever consistent and effective 
participation in crucial consultations and deliberations that have gone on in the WTO. I commend 
him and his St aff for the constant and tireless contributions and especially in defense and 
protection of the LDCs interests.  
3.3.  I thank the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Mozambique for their comprehensive 
reports, which have provided us with an insight into the ec onomic, social and political vision of 
Mozambique. The reports form a good basis for our discussion.  
3.4.  Furthermore, I thank you, Chairperson for your introductory remarks. I do sincerely thank 
the Honorable Minister for his insightful presentation on the st ate of the Mozambique economy.  
3.5.  Mozambique is a least developed country in the south eastern part of Africa, bordering the 
Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania, with a mean elevation of 345 metres. It 
has a geographical area coverage of 79 9,380 sq.km, 13,000 sq.km of which is water. Mozambique 
has a population of slightly less than 26 million people most of whom are indigenous African 
people; with a youth dependency ratio of 88.2%. The country has not only suffered a phase of 
prolonged inte rnal conflict, but also continues to experience calamities arising from natural 
hazards like floods, prolonged drought and other climatic factors. As a nation, Mozambique is only 
42 years old, having emerged from five centuries of colonialism and exploitat ion.  
3.6.  To my understanding, Mozambique is a country that is moving on the post conflict road 
towards growth and development spurred by desire for structural transformation, industrialization 
and diversification. The Government's approach has been to devise regulatory and institutional 
frameworks in nearly all sectors of the economy, all aimed at this particular objective. In doing 
this, the Government hopes to secure employment for its people, promote household incomes, and 
ultimately guarantee stability in the country. It has, therefore, devised an investment regime that 
is certain to attract Foreign Direct Investment in the sectors considered to be of priority interest to 
its people. Mozambique has drafted measures that are aimed at the promotion of value a ddition. 
The orientation of the Government is the promotion of exports with the view to, inter alia , reduce 
its deficit and manage its balance of payment challenges riding on the wave of industrialization. 
We need to encourage the Government of Mozambique to continue the implementation of 
domestic reforms which will definitely contribute sustainable economic growth and development.  
3.7.  This is the perspective with which I expect Members to conduct this review. With the above 
background in mind, my presentation will largely follow a three -pronged approach: first, the 
overall economic environment; second, trade and investment regime; and third, sectoral policies.  
Economic environment  
3.8.  The economy of Mozambique had shown strong growth since the end of its civil war  in the 
1990s. Real annual GDP growth averaged around 8% over the past two decades. This strong 
growth was attributed to sound macroeconomic management in an environment of relative 
political stability, which allowed for a number of large -scale foreign inv estment projects, and 
significant donor support. However, between 2009 and 2015, the average GDP growth rate slowed 
down and was projected at 6.9%. In fact, in 2015, the real GDP grew by 6.6% and the GDP per 
capita was US$601. In the same period, the avera ge recorded inflation was 7.1%. The 
Government has attributed this slow -down in growth to major factors, namely: the fall in 
international prices of the country's main export products, prolonged droughts, and periodic floods 
in the country.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  3.9.  It should be n oted that trade in goods and services accounted for over 100% of GDP in 2015, 
up from 68% in 2008. With a limited export basket in 2015, in which four items (aluminum, coal, 
gas and electricity) accounted for almost 63% of the export commodities. Mozambiqu e's imports 
are mainly manufactured goods comprising 67% of imports, especially machinery and equipment 
for use as megaproject inputs, foodstuffs and other agricultural products (13%), and then fuel and 
mining products. In 2015, the exports accounted for U S$3.2 billion, while imports were valued at 
US$7.9 billion, giving an export -import deficit of US$4.7 billion. In terms of product composition: 
extractive commodities and raw materials comprised more than 70% of the exports. This would 
mean there is need f or value addition to, and diversification in the export products of Mozambique.  
3.10.   While agriculture accounted for about 25.4% of the GDP, it had a modest average growth 
rate of only 3.6%. Meanwhile, the extractive industry sector grew with an average 24.1%, but 
contributed only 2.4% on average in the GDP structure.  
3.11.   On the other hand, it has been reported that with US$3.3 billion of services imports, 
Mozambique has remained a large net importer of services, in particular in the freight transport 
services, con struction, and professional consulting and trade -related services. Tourism has become 
a significant services export sector for Mozambique, although at a modest level. I am sure 
Members would be interested to know what strategies the Government of Mozambiqu e is putting 
in place to realize the full potential of its tourism sector.  
Trade policy objectives  
3.12.   The trade policy objectives, as contained in the current five year Plan of the Government of 
the Republic of Mozambique (for the period 2015 -2019) are to cre ate an appropriate environment 
to promote the competitiveness of Mozambican products. These include strengthening 
international cooperation at bilateral, multilateral and regional levels; diversifying export products 
and destinations; promotion of export -orientated industrialization; maximizing local content and 
value -addition in the processing of Mozambique's natural resources and promote infrastructure 
development. In addition, the five year plan proposes to protect domestic industries, establish 
export p rocessing and special economic zones, and above all improve the business environment.  
3.13.   It is worth noting that the Government adopted an Industrial Policy and Strategy for the 
period 2016 -2025. There is no doubt that as an LDC, Mozambique would require the  support of the 
international community to implement this important strategy whose overall objective is to make 
industry the main vehicle for economic growth, increased employment, improved living standards, 
and development of the country's natural resourc es. 
Trade and investments  
3.14.   Mozambique came to the quick realization of the fact that it could not do it alone to develop 
the country. With its vast natural resources of untapped raw materials, the Government decided to 
enact an Investment Code (which exclud es the petroleum, natural gas and mining sectors), that 
would provide the legal framework for investment promotion and protection. This would include a 
package of incentives and tax guarantees to both national and foreign investors. The Secretariat 
reports  that the fiscal incentives include customs duty and VAT exemptions, corporate income tax 
exemptions, reductions and deductions; investment tax credits; accelerated depreciation and 
reintegration; and personal income tax deductions. It grants more incentiv es for tourism 
promotion, and extends the corporate income tax exemption period for Industrial Free Trade 
Zones (IFZs) to 10 years.  
3.15.   It would be interesting to know the impact of current investment framework on private 
investment and if there are any challe nges that might need to be further addressed.  
3.16.   As part of its industrialization agenda, Mozambique continues to operate an Industrial Free 
Zone (IFZ) regime, and a Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The SEZs and IFZs are considered to be 
central to the Governmen t's industrialization strategy.  
3.17.   Furthermore, we commend the Government for streamlining investment and export 
promotional activities, by merging the Investment Promotion Centre (CPI), the Office of Economic 
Zones for Accelerated Development (GAZEDA), and t he Institute for the Promotion of Exports WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  (IPEX) into a one stop shop now famously known as the Agency for the Promotion of Investments 
and Exports (APIEX).  
3.18.   With regards to the remittance of funds, the Secretariat notes that in order for foreign 
investors to remit profits out of the country and to re -export invested capital, a minimum value of 
foreign direct investment (FDI) of metical 2.5 million is required. Without that, foreign investors 
must meet one of the following three requirements: (a) generate an  annual sales volume of not 
less than three times metical 2.5 million as from the third year of operations; (b) register annual 
exports of goods and services with a value equivalent to metical 1.5 million; or (c) create and 
maintain from the second year of  operation direct employment for at least 25 Mozambican 
nationals who are registered with the social security system. In my view, the objective of this is to 
ensure increased production and productivity; improved balance of payments position through 
export s; job creation and improved household incomes for the local population.  
3.19.   Whereas the Government has put in place the requisite regulatory and institutional 
framework, a number of issues have been identified as being problematic for doing business in 
Mozam bique, including access to finance amongst others.  
3.20.   In addressing the concerns of the business community, the Government has put in place a 
coordination mechanism with the private sector to promote public -private dialogue where solutions 
for problems that h inder the development and competitiveness of the private sector are jointly 
discussed with the view to identifying the needed reforms. This interaction takes place periodically 
and at the highest level of the Government on a bimonthly basis between sector Ministers and 
their private sector counterparts, and then quarterly and yearly with the Prime Minister and the 
President, respectively.  
3.21.   Additionally, as part of a 2013 -2017 Strategy to Improve the Business Environment, an 
Inter-Ministerial Group for the Re moval of Barriers to Investments has been set up to assess, 
implement and monitor the implementation of the action matrix contained therein on a quarterly 
basis.  
3.22.   What is important, however is that Mozambique may wish to provide more support to the 
questio n of security. Without security of life and property, foreign direct investment will be shy to 
visit the country. Security issues may create a chilling effect for foreign direct investment.  
Trade measures and practices  
3.23.   On trade measures and practices: the  Secretariat's report indicates that Mozambique's 
applied MFN tariff has remained largely unchanged over the review period. Its simple average 
tariff rate is 10%, with a higher simple average tariff on agricultural products (13.4%) than on 
non-agricultural  products (9.5%). It is noted that Mozambique has only bound 686 tariff lines out 
of its schedule of 5,063 tariff lines (just over 13%). Bindings on non -agricultural products are very 
limited. Only 19 lines at the eight -digit level (HS 1996 nomenclature) w ere bound, at either 5% or 
15%.  
3.24.   Overall, only 14.2% of Mozambique's tariff lines are bound. Other duties and charges on all 
bound items are bound at 100%. All rates are ad valorem . Mozambique does not apply tariff rate 
quotas. As at the time of Mozambique 's previous Review, the highest average tariffs by HS chapter 
continue to be applied on basic food products such as meat, fish, fruits, vegetables (and products 
thereof), beverages, and clothing. Agriculture remains the most heavily protected sector (avera ge 
tariff of 12.4%), followed by manufacturing (10%) and mining (3.7%)  
3.25.   It should be noted that Mozambique's tariff shows mixed escalation overall: it is negative 
from raw materials to semi -processed products (with an average protection of 10.1% and 7.5%, 
respectively) and then positive from semi -processed to finished products (with an average level of 
protection of 11.6%).  
3.26.   While we can understand the need to balance the requirement to increase revenue, as was 
noted before, such a tariff structure may disco urage investment in processing industries because 
the heavy taxation of imported inputs adds to production costs or reduces the competitiveness of WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  products manufactured in Mozambique. There may therefore be a need for a careful balance in 
order to attract investment in this area.  
3.27.   On export taxes and surtaxes: we have noted that Mozambique continues to levy import 
surtaxes on cane sugar, cement, and iron or non -alloy steel, and iron or non -alloy steel tubes. 
These affect 10 tariff lines at the HS eight -digit level. Furthermore, Mozambique imposes an export 
tax of 18% of the f.o.b. customs value on raw or unprocessed cashews. There is no export tax 
levied on processed cashews. Export taxes are also levied on all raw and processed timber. The 
fee rate varies a ccording to the level of processing. Other items that are also subject to charges at 
export are: cotton (Cotton Development Tax of 3.5 -5%), fisheries products (fisheries license fees), 
and mining products (production taxes).  
3.28.   The objectives of these charge s as has been reported ranges from encouraging value 
addition through value chain domestic processing, with the view to promote employment; and also 
ensuring environmental protection and sustainable use of the forests. While the objective of value 
addition  with the view to industrialization and job creation is applauded, some Members have 
raised questions on the role of fees in promoting sustainability. It is our hope that the measures on 
forests and timber are consistent with the Government's commitments u nder the Paris Climate 
Change Agreement.  
3.29.   With regard to customs procedures: we commend Mozambique for the trade facilitating 
measures it has put in place. During the review period, Mozambique established a Single Electronic 
Window System for customs clear ance, launched an Authorized Economic Operator scheme, 
liberalized transit regulations and then created a one -stop boarder post with South Africa. On 
6 January 2017, Mozambique submitted its instrument of acceptance of the Agreement on Trade 
Facilitation. While the WTO does not have aggregated data to indicate the cost savings in terms of 
time and money, these measures are certainly a welcome development.  
3.30.   We note, however, in the report that Mozambique still maintains the practice of the use of 
Customs Brok ers of all commercial imports, exports and goods in transit. Authorities have 
observed that this practice will be phased out during the implementation of the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement. It is also important to note that Pre -Shipment inspections (PSI) als o remain in place 
although on a reduced list of goods, as has been noted in the Secretariat report. We are pleased to 
note that the Government is said to be considering phasing out PSI and is currently training its 
officials. As an LDC, Mozambique can sure ly take advantage of the S&DT provisions for LDCs in the 
TFA. 
3.31.   It is noted that regional integration is an important component of Mozambique's trade 
policy. Preferential tariffs are in place for SADC members. 99.6% of duties on goods originating 
from SADC m embers are now at zero. The remaining 0.4% of dutiable lines (22 tariff lines at the 
HS eight -digit level) has been exempt from tariff reductions. Tariff liberalization under the 
SADC -EU EPA will be implemented upon the entry into force of the Agreement. T here is no doubt 
that regional integration initiatives will contribute in the expansion and diversification of export 
markets for Mozambique products.  
3.32.   As an LDC, Mozambique is a beneficiary of all non -reciprocal preferential arrangements such 
as Duty Free and Quota Free Market, and Preferential Rules of Origin granted by developed 
countries, and developing countries in a position to do so. This would include Everything But Arms 
and AGOA. In its national report, Mozambique reports that, on 10 June 2016, it s igned the 
Economic, Final and Comprehensive Partnership Agreement with the EU. In my view, Mozambique 
is still trying to find its landing zone in terms of industrial development. We have seen how 
Mozambique has embedded export taxes in its regime not only as a way to promote value addition 
but to promote domestic industries. We would want to know to what extent this action is 
consistent with the Government's long -term vision of structural transformation and 
industrialization.  
3.33.   On Government Procurement: it h as been reported that the estimated total value of 
Government procurement was metical 47.9 billion (21.6 billion for goods, 16.1 billion for services 
and 10.2 billion for works). Over the review period, the Government of Mozambique has continued 
to reform its procurement regime. New Public Procurement Regulations entered into force on 
6 June 2016. The objectives of legislative reform were meant to, inter alia , increase transparency, WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  reduce the use of direct procurement, increase business opportunities for f oreign competitors, 
remove barriers to the submission of complaints by competitors, and increase the thresholds for 
the application of limited tenders. It has been reported that these regulations do not apply to 
public enterprises or to enterprises in whic h the State has an equity share. A new and separate 
legislation is being developed towards this end.  
3.34.   We commend Mozambique for the reform in this sector, though. This is a prudent exercise 
of its policy space. We would be happy to learn the extent to whic h foreign competitors can 
engage in procurement processes in Mozambique. We are yet to know if there are certain 
thresholds to which they can bid, and others reserved for the nationals. Are there local content 
requirements? We understand that there is no i mmediate obligation to accede to the Plurilateral 
GPA of the WTO.  
Sectoral policies  
3.35.   I would like to look a little more closely at Government policies concerning certain crucial 
sectors of the Mozambican economy.  
3.36.   On agriculture: as the case is in many Afr ican countries, the Secretariat reports that 86% of 
the people in Mozambique depend on agriculture as their primary means of subsistence. The 
contribution of agriculture to GDP was an estimated 25.5% in 2015. While the contribution of 
agro-commodities to o verall exports was 22.7% in the same year. Mozambique aims to 
commercialize agriculture, shifting production away from mainly subsistence activities and 
promoting access to international markets. This would not only promote poverty reduction but also 
enhan ce the attainment of food security. The Government would therefore require to employ 
innovative measures to increase production and productivity. 62% (49 million hectares) of the 
total land area of Mozambique is suitable for agriculture, but only 16% of th at is estimated to be 
cultivated and only 3% is estimated to be irrigated. Therefore, the immediate and positive 
implementation of the Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development (PEDSA) would be a step in the 
right direction.  
3.37.   On fisheries, we note that M ozambique has considerable potential for fisheries as well, but 
the sector faces some challenges. It has a 2,750 km of coastline. Its Exclusive Economic Zone 
(EEZ) is 200 miles off the coast, covering 586,000 km2 of ocean water masses.  
3.38.   The Secretariat has  noted that while fisheries increased from 34,000 tonnes in 2000 to 
almost 288,000 tonnes in 2015, commercial production and exports have not grown since the turn 
of the century. The Government has now shifted emphasis from exports to production for the 
domestic market through the promotion of artisanal fisheries and aquaculture, while also taking 
measures to contain overexploitation. It may therefore be important for Mozambique to follow the 
negotiations on fisheries (subsidies) in the WTO with a view to e nsuring that the policy space 
required for the growth and development of this sector, and its subsequent integration into the 
global value chain of this industry, is preserved.  
3.39.   On manufacturing: the Government adopted an Industrial Policy and Strategy, wh ich sets 
out the broad guidelines of industrial development in the country. Furthermore, the National 
Development Strategy (2015 -2035) seeks to promote industrialization. The main strategic 
objectives for the development of the sector are: increasing produ ction and productivity, 
promoting industrialization oriented towards modernizing the economy and increasing exports, the 
promotion of employment, value chain promotion of national primary products, ensuring 
incorporation of local content, and improving the  business environment.  
3.40.   In Mozambique, it is reported that manufacturing accounts for only 10% of GDP. The Mozal 
aluminium smelting plant dominates the sector, while the rest of the sector has significantly 
under -performed over the last decade. Mozal contr ibuted to 48% of Mozambique's industrial 
output and further represents 75% of manufacturing exports with the view to avoiding over 
concentration.  
3.41.   Generally, tariff protection in the manufacturing sector has not changed significantly from 
2010 to 2016. It r anges from 0% to 20%, depending on the activity. Apart from customs duties, 
imported manufactured goods which compete with products manufactured locally are subject to WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  surcharges, as in the case of sugar, cement, and certain galvanized steel products. The 
Government should explore measures to ensure a diversified range and increased export of value 
added manufactured products.  
3.42.   On tourism: Mozambique has significant potential in tourism based on its range of beach 
holiday products, ecotourism, cultural dive rsity, and extensive coastline. The Government has 
made tourism a development priority since 2000. The relevance of tourism to economic growth 
and poverty reduction is also acknowledged by the Strategic Plan for the Tourism Sector 
2004-2014. According to t he authorities, tourism earnings consistently increased from 2009 to 
2012. During 2009 -2013, an average of 1.9 million persons per year arrived in the country. It is 
my conviction that a lot can be done in the tourism area. The delegation of Mozambique may  wish 
to look at some of the notifications that the LDCs group has received pursuant to the LDC Services 
Waiver. Some Members have indicated readiness to allocate specific and targeted technical 
assistance aimed at the development of tourism related infras tructure. This would help to 
operationalize the Tourism Strategic Plan by taking advantage of the preferential treatment made 
available to LDCs.  
3.43.   On transport and logistics: Mozambique is responsible for 70% of SADC's transit traffic, with 
logistics corrido rs such as the Maputo, Nicala, and Beira Corridors. These provide the link between 
the deep -water coastal ports with neighboring countries. It therefore plays a major role in regional 
trade, as it provides important transportation corridors for cross -borde r businesses for exporters 
and importers of goods.  The main challenge remains the state of the infrastructure in 
Mozambique. Most of the country's transport network was destroyed during the civil war. It is 
therefore important that the Government takes steps to address this issue with the view to 
facilita ting trade, agricultural and other critical economic developments, and human activities.  
3.44.   In conclusion, Mozambique, as an LDC, has made, and continues to make important steps 
towards structural transformation and industrialization. Mozambique wants the sa me things for its 
people as we do for ours: jobs, improved household incomes, peace, security and stability, among 
others. The challenges facing the country remain enormous but these are not insurmountable. The 
challenges include: social economic infrastru cture, good governance, limited liberalization in some 
sectors of the economy, lack of finance and limited attractiveness in the banking sector. However, 
we must congratulate Mozambique for the major and positive steps it has taken towards its own 
politica l and economic development.  
3.45.   In terms of recommendations, we might make the Government might need to on a few 
specific and targeted sectors that would drive the economic development of the country. It must 
deal with the issue of security, and mobilize the r equisite funding. There must be deliberate efforts 
to increase production and productivity, and thereby make maximum use of all the preferential 
treatment that is available to LDCs within the WTO.  
3.46.   Members of the WTO should also give maximum exercise to res traint in requiring LDCs such 
as Mozambique to undertake commitments that are not consistent with their level of development, 
like financial and trade needs.  
3.47.   I thank you, Madam Chairperson.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBER S 
SINGAPORE  
4.1.  Since its last review, the Mozamb ique economy has had its fair share of ups and downs. 
Following a decade of high economic growth made possible by sound macroeconomic management 
and foreign investment particularly in the extractive industries, Mozambique is now facing the 
challenges of sl owing growth and dealing with the aftermath of its debt crisis.  
4.2.  Trade can play a key role in lifting the Mozambique economy, creating jobs and delivering on 
development. We welcome the various initiatives that the Mozambique government has taken so 
far tow ards developing a transparent and predictable trade and investment regime, including the 
ratification of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, the establishment of a single electronic 
window system for customs transactions, and the establishment of a moder n competition regime 
with the promulgation of its first Competition Law and implementing regulations. In this light, we 
also look forward to Mozambique's new policy and commercial strategy which is targeted for 
completion by this year.  
4.3.  We encourage further  efforts to liberalize markets and enhance transparency and 
predictability of Mozambique's trade regime. In this regard, we urge Mozambique to bring its three 
tariff lines which have exceeded its bound rate in conformity with its WTO Commitments. This will  
bring more predictability and certainty for traders and foreign investors alike, including Singapore 
companies that are already operating in or are interested in investing in Mozambique. We believe 
that the closer bilateral economic linkages such as the r ecently concluded Bilateral Investment 
Treaty will also help in this regard.  
4.4.  Another area which we would like to flag is Mozambique's notification obligations in the WTO. 
We note that there has been a marked improvement in Mozambique's notifications to th e WTO 
since its last TPR, but there are many more gaps to be filled. We encourage Mozambique to 
continue making efforts in this regard. We also look forward to Mozambique's acceptance of the 
amendment to the TRIPS Agreement. Finally, we would like to encou rage Mozambique to actively 
tap on the WTO's technical assistance and capacity building programmes, which can help 
Mozambique better integrate into the multilateral trading system. Singapore stands ready to assist 
where we can.  
ARGENTINA  
4.5.  La importancia qu e nuestro país le asigna a África se traduce progresivamente en la apertura 
de nuevas embajadas. En este sentido, nos es grato señalar que desde el año pasado la Argentina 
cuenta con una Representación en Mozambique. El establecimiento de una sede permanen te nos 
permitirá consolidar la confianza mutua necesaria para profundizar los lazos políticos, económicos, 
comerciales, de inversión, y de cooperación entre ambos países y también con la región.  
4.6.  En cuanto al comercio bilateral, este ha sido históricamente bajo y superavitario para nuestro 
país. El récord de exportaciones argentinas se alcanzó en 2011 con un monto total de 102 millones 
de dólares EE.UU. En el año 2016, por su parte, las exportaciones argentinas superaron los 58 
millones de dólares EE.UU. Los  principales productos exportados al mercado mozambiqueño 
fueron: aceite de soja (62,7%), trigo y morcajo (15,39%), aceite de girasol (11,76%), harina y 
pellets de soja (3,18%) y maíz en grano (2,98%). Con respecto a las importaciones argentinas 
desde Moza mbique, en el año 2016 estas alcanzaron 11 millones de dólares EE.UU. siendo el 
principal producto de importación el tabaco en hojas secas.  
4.7.  En cuanto a posibles áreas para fortalecer la relación bilateral, hemos identificado a la 
agroindustria como un sect or muy importante, atento que el desarrollo y la modernización del 
sector agrícola son prioridad para el Gobierno de Mozambique y que, al mismo tiempo, la 
República Argentina tiene interés en avanzar en el campo de la cooperación para el desarrollo 
agrícol a y agroindustrial, que permita contribuir a alcanzar el grado de transformación necesario 
para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria y disminuir los índices de pobreza.   
4.8.  En relación con la cooperación técnica, quisiéramos mencionar que en el marco del Nuev o 
Plan Argentino de Cooperación con África, se ha retomado el vínculo de cooperación con WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  Mozambique, centrando el mismo en dos áreas: agroindustria y ciencia y tecnología. Al respecto, 
cabe mencionar que en 2016 una misión encabezada por la Dirección Gener al de Cooperación 
Internacional del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto (con participación del Ministerio de 
Agroindustria, del INTA, de la Cámara Argentina de Fabricantes de Maquinaria Agrícola (CAFMA) y 
de la Fundación Centro de Investigación y D esarrollo Tecnológico Regional (CIDETER)), visitó 
Mozambique con el objetivo de avanzar en proyectos en ejecución, y en la formulación de nuevos 
proyectos de cooperación bilateral y triangular.  
4.9.  Durante la mencionada visita se suscribió un Memorándum de En tendimiento entre el INTA y 
el Instituto de Investigación Agraria de Mozambique (IIAM), con el fin de brindar adecuado marco 
legal a los proyectos de cooperación técnica bilateral existentes entre ambas instituciones, en 
particular los proyectos en materia  de producción ganadera bovina y producción de algodón, en 
ejecución desde 2014, y que son financiados a través del Fo -Ar (Fondo Argentino de Cooperación 
Sur-Sur y Triangular). Asimismo, el INTA acordó con el IIAM la formulación de un nuevo proyecto 
Fo-Ar, para el establecimiento de campos experimentales de siembra directa de trigo, en el cual se 
prevé, además, la participación de socios del sector privado de ambos países. En febrero de 2017, 
tuvo lugar una nueva etapa del mismo Proyecto, con visitas a la r egión de Zambezia.  
4.10.   En el distrito de Gurue, por otra parte, se mantuvieron encuentros en relación con la 
actividad y potencial agrícolas de la zona. Esta experiencia resultó sumamente fructífera desde el 
punto de vista de la información relativa a las pri ncipales empresas agrícolas, las inversiones y las 
zonas agro -ecológicas. De la misma manera, se está trabajando en proyectos referidos al 
Mejoramiento de la Producción Ganadera y Sanidad Animal.  
4.11.   En materia de cooperación triangular, y junto con otros soc ios, se están manteniendo 
conversaciones para explorar posibilidades tendientes a emprender acciones conjuntas en 
cuestiones relativas al desarrollo agrícola del Valle del Zambeze, la construcción de capacidades en 
el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y En señanza Superior de Mozambique, y la capacitación en 
tecnologías de gestión al Instituto de Pequeña y Mediana Empresa, entre otros.  
4.12.   Por último, se destaca la negociación de un Proyecto de Memorándum de Entendimiento 
para el desarrollo de vínculos económico s, comerciales y de inversión entre Argentina y 
Mozambique, cuyo objeto es promover la implementación de acciones y actividades económicas y 
comerciales en todas la áreas de interés mutuo, incluidos el fomento de las inversiones 
productivas conducentes a l a generación de empleo y la facilitación de la promoción de actividades 
comerciales.  
4.13.   Finalizando, y al tiempo de reiterar nuestro reconocimiento por esta nueva oportunidad de 
intercambiar elementos de juicio y consideraciones sobre las políticas y práctica s comerciales de 
Mozambique, permítanos señalar -una vez más - la relevancia de este ejercicio de transparencia en 
todos sus aspectos y desear a las autoridades mozambiqueñas la exitosa conclusión del presente 
examen.  
KENYA  
4.14.   We commend the Government of Moza mbique for the progress made in implementing 
domestic reforms since the last Trade Policy Review which has contributed to growth of its 
economy at round 7% during the current review period mainly driven by FDI inflows in extractive 
industries. We note that  agriculture accounts for a quarter of GDP and is a key driver of 
Mozambique's robust growth. We therefore encourage Mozambique to commercialize the 
agriculture sector, shifting production away from subsistence activities and promoting access to 
internatio nal markets in order to realize the full potential of this important sector.  
4.15.   Kenya commends Mozambique for its commitment to the WTO multilateral trading system 
and for taking an active role in the work of the WTO including negotiations. Mozambique is also  an 
active member of the ACP Group and the African Group. At the regional level, Mozambique is a 
member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and has regional a trade 
agreement with Malawi and Zimbabwe. Mozambique is also in the process of r atifying an EU –SADC 
EPA that was signed in June 2016. We consider these initiatives as critical in terms of opening 
market access opportunities for Mozambique products and for the integration of the national 
economy into the global economy.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.16.   Kenya commends  the reforms pursued by Mozambique during the review period, aimed at 
improving trade and investment environment. Some of these reforms include new laws that have 
been enacted with respect to technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures , 
Competition Law, Procurement Regulations and the Industrial Property Code. However, as noted in 
the Secretariat report Mozambique still faces considerable challenges such as lack of qualified 
workers, limited internal market, infrastructure insufficienci es, a costly business environment, 
limited economic diversification and high dependency on imports. We therefore encourage 
Mozambique to sustain the implementation of domestic reforms and policy measures aimed at 
addressing these challenges. We believe tha t this would help to translate Mozambique's economic 
potential into a reality.  
4.17.   We also welcome Mozambique's ratification of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement in 
January 2016. We have no doubt that full implementation of the TFA by Mozambique would reduc e 
trade costs and boost bilateral, regional and multilateral trade and ultimately improve 
competitiveness of its economy.  
4.18.   At bilateral level, Kenya and Mozambique enjoy cordial relations and longstanding economic 
ties. Trade between Kenya and Mozambique ha s steadily increased over the years. For the period 
between 2009 and 2015, the total bilateral trade between the countries rose from US$13.5 million 
to US$27 million. There is still huge potential and we are confidence that our trade relations will 
continu e to grow further in the future.  
4.19.   Finally, Kenya submitted some questions to Mozambique seeking clarification on a number 
of issues and we are looking forward for responses.  
4.20.   In conclusion, Kenya once again welcomes the steps that Mozambique has taken to i mprove 
its economic and investment environment and, in this regard, we wish to encourage Mozambique 
to sustain the implementation of its domestic reforms. I wish the delegation of Mozambique a very 
productive and successful third Trade Policy Review and lo ok forward to stronger economic ties.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.21.   The EU would like to start by highlighting some of the positive issues that have emerged 
during this review.  
4.22.   First, in January 2017, Mozambique ratified the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement and it 
has al so notified its commitments under Category A, B and C. Moreover, the National Committee 
for Trade Facilitation has been established. This is an excellent example that should be used to 
prove that the TFA model works.  
4.23.   Second, the EU welcomes positive develo pments in the field of telecommunications in 
Mozambique. The new Telecommunications Law, approved in June 2016, keeps the market 
liberalized in an atmosphere of competition and convergence of networks and services. This is a 
major milestone.  
4.24.   As regards ot her sectors, the EU encourages Mozambique to sustain efforts to develop its 
services capacities, in particular as regards infrastructure services. We also encourage 
Mozambique in pursuing reforms aimed at increasing openness to foreign services providers, for 
example, in the field of financial services, which would generate important benefits for 
Mozambique's economy and in telecom sector where the fixed -line market is under -developed with 
negative consequences at the level of Internet access due to the exc lusive license.  
4.25.   Third, total trade between the EU and Mozambique has increased compared to ten years 
ago. This is also the result of successful initiatives and bilateral cooperation between the EU and 
Mozambique. Being a Least Developed Country, Mozambique  benefits from EU support via the 
"Everything But Arms" scheme, which offers duty and quota free access to the EU market.  
4.26.   The EU welcomes the recent ratification by Mozambique of the EU -SADC EPA. We remain 
committed to the successful implementation of the  agreement, including the detailed chapter on 
development cooperation, which identifies trade -related areas that could benefit from the EU 
financial support.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.27.   As a whole the EU does not have too many concerns to raise. We have submitted some 
questions and we are particularly interested in receiving information on the Government's new 
regime for "control stamps" for alcoholic beverages. This would result in higher prices for the 
stamps for imported beverages than for domestic beverages and does not allow aff ixation of the 
seal in Mozambique, for instance in bonded warehouses, and creates an unnecessary technical 
barrier to trade.  
4.28.   Regarding the economic situation in Mozambique, the EU notes that the annual GDP growth 
averaged around 8% over the past two decade s and around 7% since the last trade policy review 
in 2009. The EU encourages Mozambique to increase its efforts to diversify its economy. The EU 
also takes note that Mozambique acknowledges that the welfare of Mozambique's population, 
economic growth and the achievement of development and poverty -reduction goals depend on the 
sustainable use of natural resources and environmental protection. In this regard, the EU 
encourages Mozambique to managing the natural resources in an inclusive, sustainable and 
transparent way.  
4.29.   Regarding the business environment, the EU commends various reforms already undertaken 
by Mozambique. The EU would encourage the Government to also look into costs of court 
proceedings to enforce contracts e.g. in electricity related matters. Furthermore, issuance of work 
permits for foreign workers should be easier obtained.  
4.30.   Finally, the EU would also like to highlight the importance for the Government to pursue 
further efforts to fight corruption and strengthen transparency.  
4.31.   The EU remains c ommitted to support Mozambique's efforts to face socioeconomic 
challenges and is confident that this exercise will help Mozambique in carrying out its economic 
reforms in compliance with its international commitments in this forum.  
4.32.   On behalf of the EU, I wish Mozambique the utmost success during its Trade Policy Review.  
CANADA  
4.33.   Canada welcomes the opportunity to participate in the third trade policy review of 
Mozambique. There have been many positive developments since the second trade policy review in 
2009, and Mozambique's commitment to participate in this process and learn from best practices 
bodes well for the future.  
4.34.   First, let me congratulate Mozambique on submitting its Instrument of Acceptance of the 
WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation in January 201 7. Mozambique's commitment to swift and 
effective implementation of the Agreement on Trade Facilitation is commendable. Mozambique's 
early notification of its Category A, B and C provisions and the establishment of a National 
Committee for Trade Facilitati on will help Mozambique realize the benefits of the Agreement on 
Trade Facilitation as soon as possible. Canada encourages Mozambique to continue its efforts by 
notifying the indicative dates for implementation of Category B and C provisions. Canada would 
encourage Mozambique to explore further opportunities at the WTO to liberalize trade, such as 
participation in WTO plurilateral agreements, particularly by joining the Information Technology 
Agreement, and by becoming an observer to the Agreement on Govern ment Procurement.   
4.35.   Canada acknowledges that Mozambique is a country with much potential as well as 
challenges. It has abundant and diverse metal, mineral and energy resources – including coal and 
offshore gas as well as potential in renewable energy resou rces like hydroelectric, wind and solar – 
which could make it a major player in global energy markets and support the development of 
other sectors.  
4.36.   As a result of Mozambique's abundant natural resources, the country enjoys generally 
steady inward flows of foreign direct investment. It also plays a key role as a transport corridor for 
the trade of landlocked neighbouring countries, accounting for 70% of goods transiting the 
Southern African Development Community, though Canada recognizes that strain is begin ning to 
show on its current road infrastructure.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.37.   Mozambique's natural resources and strategic location provide a solid foundation from which 
Mozambique can address the challenges it faces. Investors recognize Mozambique's potential, 
though there is clearl y scope to improve Mozambique's business environment to encourage greater 
and more diversified investment, as indicated by its ranking of 133rd in the World Bank's 2016 
Doing Business Report. From a commercial perspective, Canada encourages Mozambique to 
continue working towards lowering costs of capital, lowering transaction costs, improving public 
services, developing skilled labour resources, improving transportation infrastructure, improving 
access to financing, and the facilitation of private land owne rship.  
4.38.   More broadly, transparency and good governance, including the enforcement of 
anti-corruption laws, would help increase foreign investment in Mozambique. We commend the 
Government of Mozambique's stated commitment to creating an environment which is  conducive 
to investment as stated in its report for this trade policy review.  
4.39.   We recognize Mozambique's prioritization of investment in basic infrastructure, such as 
roads, as a major contribution both to economic growth and to improving the lives of its citizens. 
We appreciate that there is a multi -year plan for paving and expanding the road infrastructure, 
with which various development partners are assisting. We note Mozambique's efforts to learn 
more about mechanisms to facilitate infrastructure develo pment, such as the participation by 
government officials in two missions to Canada to study public -private partnerships models and 
best practices.  
4.40.   Canada also encourages Mozambique to support investment by developing a more skilled 
and literate workforce. Foreign companies are quite willing to hire locally to the maximum extent 
possible, and to provide some training specific to their needs, but if the foundation education and 
trades training is not in place, these companies often have no choice but to bring  in skilled 
employees from outside the local area.  
4.41.   We also recognize the structural transformation Mozambique needs to achieve, with eighty 
percent of the workforce currently employed in sectors with the lowest growth rates. We applaud 
initiatives to tran sform the agriculture sector from subsistence to the commercial level, through 
mechanization, irrigation, research, and identifying cash crops with export potential.  
4.42.   In closing, Canada wishes Mozambique every success in benefitting from this trade policy 
review. With real GDP growth of seven percent during the current review period, and many 
promising trends and opportunities, we look forward to seeing the progress made by the next 
trade policy review.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.43.   We appreciate the reports of the Governme nt of Mozambique and the WTO Secretariat. 
Each describes the various challenges that Mozambique must overcome and the questions it must 
address in order to achieve more effective participation in the global trading system, and to use 
trade as an instrument  for realizing greater economic growth and development.  
4.44.   Since Mozambique's last trade policy review in 2009, it has continued to witness economic 
growth, averaging about 7% since 2009, despite a slowdown beginning in 2015. As the 
Secretariat's report point s out, lower global demand and prices for key commodity exports like 
natural gas and coal in 2015, coupled with reductions in foreign direct investment and official 
development assistance have all contributed to a challenging economic environment in 
Mozamb ique which continues into 2017.  
4.45.   In addition, as the Secretariat's report points out, the business environment in Mozambique 
remains challenging. While improvements have been made and various reform efforts have been 
undertaken, we agree with the Secretaria t's report that there is significant scope to improve the 
business environment, including greater public participation in the legislative process, reducing 
unnecessary and inefficient government bureaucracy, and rooting out corruption. But we also 
recogniz e the Government of Mozambique's efforts to implement reforms aimed at facilitating 
trade to help boost the country's competitiveness and diversify its economy to the benefit of 
Mozambique and U.S. businesses alike.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.46.   The United States enjoys a vibrant bilat eral trade relationship with Mozambique, with 
two-way goods trade totaling US$275 million in 2016. Mozambique is eligible for trade preferences 
under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which has been extended through 2025. In 
recent years, subs tantially all U.S. imports from Mozambique have entered the United States 
duty-free, under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) and AGOA.  
4.47.   During the period of review, Mozambique exported a very limited number of products to the 
United States under t he provisions of AGOA. We encourage the Government of Mozambique to 
develop an AGOA utilization strategy to take better advantage of the program, as called for in the 
latest AGOA legislation.  
4.48.   In this regard, we are pleased to note our partnership with Moza mbique under Trade Africa, 
which is an initiative aimed at increasing African regional trade as well as trade with the United 
States. Under our Trade Africa partnership with Mozambique, we look forward to continuing to 
work with the Government of Mozambiqu e to increase bilateral trade, including under AGOA, and 
to help improve Mozambique's capacity to boost regional trade. We are also pleased to note that 
the fourth United States -Mozambique Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) Council 
Meeting, he ld in November 2016, focused on these and other efforts to enhance our trade and 
investment relationship.   
4.49.   We are also pleased to note that Mozambique has been involved in two other major 
initiatives related to economic growth and development since the la st review: the Millennium 
Challenge Account, administered by the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), and Feed the 
Future, the United States' global hunger and food security initiative. The US$507 million MCC 
compact, which concluded in 2013, helped far mers improve crop yields, formalize land titles, 
rehabilitate roads, and update water and sanitation systems. Mozambique is also a partner in the 
U.S. Feed the Future Initiative, which aims to decrease hunger and poverty by improving food 
security. We look  forward to our work and increased cooperation with Mozambique as it moves 
ahead to boost its food security.  
4.50.   We enthusiastically commend Mozambique's ratification of the WTO Trade Facilitation 
Agreement (TFA), noted in the Secretariat's report. The TFA, wh ich formally entered into force in 
February, will set the stage for more efficient customs and border procedures and coordination in 
Mozambique. Yet, as the Secretariat's report points out, Mozambique continues to require the use 
of customs brokers and pre -shipments inspections, both of which we note are prohibited under the 
TFA. We stand ready to work with Mozambique to ensure its timely implementation of and 
compliance with the agreement.  
4.51.   We agree with the Secretariat's report that Mozambique's participat ion in the international 
trading system remains limited. We encourage Mozambique to continue to work towards 
establishing a transparent trade policy process that will allow for more proactive engagement here 
in Geneva, recognizing the capacity challenges M ozambique faces. We also encourage Mozambique 
to continue efforts to improve implementation of the WTO agreements, including the Customs 
Valuation, Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS), and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreements.  
4.52.   Finally, we note that Af rican leaders at the African Union Summit in July 2016 agreed to 
finance 25% of the cost of African Union peace support operations by imposing a 0.2% levy on 
selected imports. The United States wishes to reaffirm our expectation that any trade -related 
funding activity be transparent and WTO consistent. We would encourage Mozambique to engage 
with WTO Members in Geneva about their plans for implementation, and submit a detailed, 
country -specific implementation plan to the WTO Council on Trade in Goods prior to the 
implementation of any trade -related funding measures. We count on the support of your 
government in achieving full transparency and upholding your WTO commitments.  
4.53.   We also want to acknowledge our appreciation for the thorough responses Mozambique ha s 
provided to our written questions.  
4.54.   To conclude, the United States stands ready to work with Mozambique, and appreciates the 
opportunity to participate in this review of Mozambique's trade policy. We look forward to our 
dialogue with the government, both within the WTO and on a bilateral basis.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.55.   Thank you, and we wish you a successful Trade Policy Review.  
CHINA  
4.56.   By and large, there has been a positive economic development during the period under 
review for Mozambique, with GDP growth averaging 6.9% between 2 009 and 2015. AS one of the 
LDCs, Mozambique should be praised for the relevant reforms and measures it has taken, such as 
to promote economic zones and development corridors, reduce unemployment, improve people's 
living standards, as well as introduce rul es on public -private partnerships, etc. China does believe 
that these measures are helpful to upgrade its structure of the economy. However, Mozambique is 
faced with certain constraints and challenges for its economic development as a landlocked 
country, s uch as a lack of infrastructure, predominance of agriculture in economy, dependence on 
foreign aids, etc. We would encourage Mozambique to undertake further domestic reforms and 
adjustment of macroeconomic and trade policies, to trigger the endogenous grow th and enhance 
economic resilience and diversification.  
4.57.   As a founding WTO Member, Mozambique remains firmly committed to the multilateral 
trading system and DDA negotiations. We appreciate Mozambique's position of highlighting 
development as the core of DD A. China would like to further cooperate with Mozambique and other 
LDCs for a successful and early conclusion of DDA. Besides, China commends Mozambique's 
improvement of its notification record and the early ratification of the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement . 
4.58.   Coming to the bilateral front, China and Mozambique have established the trade agreement, 
the investment treaty, and the mechanism of Joint Committee of Economic and Trade Cooperation. 
During the past two years, Presidents of the two countries have met e ach other and decided to 
upgrade our bilateral ties to comprehensive strategic partnership. More specifically, my 
Ambassador, when he acted as the Vice Minister of Commerce, led a Chinese delegation to visit 
Maputo last year. During the visit, the two side s came to several agreements and deals for 
economic and trade cooperation, notably signing a Cooperation Framework in the agriculture area, 
based on which China and Mozambique will cooperate in developing rural areas, increasing 
farmers' income, improving nutritious conditions, etc. We are more than willing to play a positive 
role in the process of urbanization and industrialization of Mozambique and the whole Africa.  
4.59.   With the deepening of bilateral economic and trade development between China and 
Mozambiqu e, Chinese enterprises wish to learn more details of Mozambican economic and trade 
policies and regulations. We would hereby thank the Mozambican delegation for their reply to 
China's questions, which we will go through carefully.  
4.60.   That said, I would wish t he third Trade Policy Review of Mozambique a complete success.  
BRAZIL  
4.61.   It is a matter of special satisfaction for Brazil to participate in this TPR. Brazil and 
Mozambique, partners in the Community of Portuguese -Speaking Countries, share many human, 
cultura l and economic ties. I take this opportunity to reiterate Brazil's commitment to strengthen 
bilateral relations in all fields.  
4.62.   We are happy to note Mozambique's impressive economic growth during the review period. 
Although challenges persist, we take a ver y positive note of the Government's commitment to 
pursuing macroeconomic stability, inclusive growth, rural development and poverty eradication.  
4.63.   Despite an increase in comparison with the previous review period, Brazil -Mozambique trade 
flows remained modes t, with an average of almost US$100 million a year. A more positive note is 
the fact that exports to Brazil increased more than tenfold in the period, reaching US$23 million in 
2016.  
4.64.   Brazil exports mainly soybean oil, poultry and machines. It imports mostl y coal and tobacco. 
From 2009 to 2016, the major change in the composition of bilateral trade flows was the increase 
in coal exports from Mozambique. Considering Mozambique's economic performance and growth WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  potential, we are confident that there is a lot o f scope to further increase and diversify bilateral 
trade.  
4.65.   On a specific matter, Brazil would like to refer to the decision of the Mozambique 
Government to suspend imports of beef and chicken from Brazil in the wake of a targeted 
corruption investigation c arried out by Brazilian authorities. We submitted a question in this regard 
and look forward to the answer. We expect that Mozambique could reconsider this decision.  
4.66.   Brazil is a major foreign investor in Mozambique, especially in mining and infrastructure.  
Actually, Mozambique is the one of the most important destinations for Brazilian FDI in Africa. 
According to statistics from the Central Bank of Mozambique, annual FDI flows from Brazil to 
Mozambique averaged US$400 million from 2009 to 2016.  
4.67.   Recognizing the mutual importance of investments in our bilateral relations, Brazil and 
Mozambique concluded a Cooperation and Investment Facilitation Agreement (CIFA) in 2015. This 
was the first agreement signed by Brazil with a new template that focuses on promotion , 
facilitation and institutional cooperation.  
4.68.   Mozambique is also one of Brazil's main partners for technical cooperation, with a portfolio 
covering many sectors, defined in line with Mozambique's requests, particularly in the areas of 
agriculture, health and education.  
4.69.   In conclusion, we praise Mozambique's commitment to the multilateral trading system and 
welcome its TFA ratification, as well as its efforts to step up notification. We thank once again the 
Government of Mozambique for the efforts put in th is exercise and wish Mozambique a very 
successful and productive TPR.  
NORWAY  
4.70.   Norway's trade with Mozambique is modest at US$34.7 million in 2016 - nevertheless an 
increase of 62.5% compared to the previous year. We attach great priority to trade with 
devel oping countries, and there is a potential for strong growth in our bilateral trade with 
Mozambique. Mozambique benefits from Norway's GSP scheme, which grants duty and quota free 
access to all products from the LDCs. Norwegian companies and institutions ar e showing an 
interest in Mozambique, a trend that, we hope, will continue.  
4.71.   We welcome Mozambique's ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement earlier this year, 
an agreement we believe is especially important for LDCs. Its rapid implementation will s urely 
contribute to increased trade for both Mozambique and its neighbors. We noted what was said by 
minister Tonela about the corridor and Mozambique's cooperation with neighboring countries.  
4.72.   Mozambique had an impressive rate of economic growth up to 201 4. Falling raw material 
prices and instability contributed to a slowdown in 2015. Unfortunately, Mozambique scores low on 
World Bank Doing Business and World Economic Forum rankings. Corruption is a major problem 
both for domestic and international busines ses. We hope that implementation of the TFA will help 
in the fight against corruption and increase transparency.  
4.73.   Mozambique has a young and rapidly growing population. This is simultaneously an 
opportunity and, as others have noted, a major challenge. Unl ess harnessed as a productive 
resource it could be a source of social and political instability. Labor -intensive manufacturing for 
export could help provide employment, but at present Mozambique has not been able to establish 
the necessary conditions for s uch industries.  
4.74.   Local content promotion is high on the agenda of the Government. There are extensive 
restrictions on the use of foreign personnel in businesses in Mozambique. These barriers to trade 
and investment can be very costly for development, and sh ould be handled carefully. Regulations 
on financial transactions can also be an obstacle to trade and add on costs.  
4.75.   Norway encourages Mozambique to pursue gradual liberalization of trade, seek control of 
inflation, actively take measures to reduce corrupt ion and ease restrictions on the hiring of foreign 
experts.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.76.   Mozambique is well suited for fisheries and aquaculture, due to its 2,750 km of coastline, 
and extensive Exclusive Economic Zone. We appreciate Mozambique's support, as a member of 
both the ACP an d the LDC group, for the multilateral negotiations on fisheries subsidies to 
implement SDG 14.6 in the WTO.  
4.77.   Norway will continue to support Mozambique's fisheries sector. This will include offers of 
support for marine research, resource management and bus iness development, both through 
bilateral programmes and through regional fisheries management organizations and the FAO. We 
believe that this will contribute to conditions, which over time will enable Mozambique to become 
an exporter of seafood from respo nsibly managed fisheries.  
4.78.   The Secretariat's report points out that Mozambique classifies fishery activities as industrial, 
semi-industrial and artisanal. According to table 4.3 artisanal fishing accounted for 90 % of total 
fish production in 2015. In our questions submitted to Mozambique, we were interested in 
receiving more information regarding the classification of artisanal fisheries. We were also 
interested in more information as to whether the government provides subsidies to the fishing 
fleet, wheth er industrial or artisanal, either directly or indirectly.  
4.79.   With a relatively small mission in Geneva, Mozambique has managed to remain as active as 
possible in the WTO. We look forward to engaging with the Mozambique delegation in the coming 
months, not l east in the field of fisheries subsidies.  
4.80.   Finally, I would like to take note of what the minister said; that Mozambique has used the 
TPR recommendations in its domestic reform process. This is how all of us should use the TPR 
process.  
4.81.   Norway looks forward  to a constructive exchange of views on all aspects of Mozambique's 
trade policy over these two days.  
REPUBLIC  OF KOREA  
4.82.   Korea is pleased to note that Mozambique has experienced continued economic growth 
during the review period. In particular, we welcome t hat Mozambique has implemented reforms in 
various fields including investment, business environment, competition policy, intellectual 
property, financial and tax. We also note that Mozambique built a formal mechanism for public -
private dialogue on economic  issues. With these efforts, we believe that Mozambique will be able 
to increase the competitiveness of industries and attract more FDI.  
4.83.   However, it is true that there remain challenges to be addressed; improving the productivity 
of main industries, diver sifying the spectrum of industries, expanding transport infrastructure and 
enhancing transparency and predictability of its policies.  
4.84.   It is our hope that Mozambique will continue its reform efforts to address these challenges 
and achieve strong and sustain able economic growth.  
4.85.   Turning to the bilateral front, Korea and Mozambique have developed an economic 
relationship since their establishing diplomatic ties in 1993. During the review period, Korea 
established its embassy in Maputo in 2013. We hope that the  economic partnership between the 
two countries can be further developed in the future.  
4.86.   Taking this opportunity, we would like to kindly request Mozambique to reconsider its policy 
on foreign investment.  
4.87.   Firstly, we hope that Mozambique would alleviate t he requirements for the remittance of 
profits. Secondly, currently the validation of visa for the staffs of foreign invested companies is 
only 1 month. We ask that the validation period could be extended up to 3 months for the 
favorable business environmen t.  
4.88.   With regard to these requests, my delegation has submitted written questions and we look 
forward to positive answers from Mozambican Government.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.89.   Mozambique, as a founding Member of the WTO, has played a role in the multilateral trade 
system. In particu lar, we welcome that it ratified Trade Facilitation Agreement this January. We 
also appreciate its efforts on trade liberalization and regional economic integration during the 
review period.  
4.90.   We are confident that these efforts will contribute to upgrading  its trade and investment 
regime, and creating new commercial opportunities for Mozambique.  
4.91.   With this, I would like to conclude by expressing my thanks to the delegation of 
Mozambique for its hard work and wishing the delegation every success in its TPR.  
CHILE  
4.92.   Para este examen, Chile formuló 7 consultas, las que están relacionadas con las siguientes 
materias: régimen de inversión, entorno empresarial, agricultura y pesca, acuerdos comerciales y 
otras iniciativas preferenciales, Mozambique en la OMC, Unión Africana y relaciones con los 
Estados Unidos.  
4.93.   Felicitamos a Mozambique por la muestra de transparencia que representa el someterse al 
escrutinio de sus pares; esta decisión, sin lugar a dudas, contribuye al fortalecimiento del sistema.  
4.94.   Antes de centrarnos  en el informe, me permito señalar que en los últimos años, la política 
exterior de Chile se ha acercado cada vez más al continente africano. Diferentes medidas han 
contribuido a este esfuerzo, como por ejemplo: nuestra acreditación ante la Unión Africana,  la 
participación de Chile en el Foro América del Sur - África (ASA), la visita de la Presidenta Michelle 
Bachelet a distintos países de la región – incluido Mozambique - en agosto de 2014, la apertura de 
oficinas comerciales en ese continente, el envío de misiones comerciales público - privadas a 
distintos países de la región, y mayores recursos para fomentar la cooperación, la asistencia 
técnica y la formación de capital humano.  
4.95.   Por otra parte, el marcado deseo de Chile por contribuir con los objetivos del  sistema 
multilateral de comercio y mejorar sus vínculos comerciales con los países más necesitados de 
África, también se ve reflejado en materia de comercio de mercancías, específicamente en la 
adopción por ley, el 28 de septiembre de 2013, de la iniciati va "Duty Free, Quota Free", la que 
estableció un régimen unilateral de preferencias arancelarias no recíprocas para los PMA, que fija 
en 0% los derechos de aduana a las importaciones de mercancías originarias procedentes de este 
grupo de países al cual per tenece Mozambique. Este régimen se encuentra totalmente operativo y 
vigente. Complementariamente, tratándose del comercio de servicios, el 12 de octubre de 2015, 
Chile notificó el trato preferencial que otorga a los servicios y prestadores de servicios de los 
países menos adelantados.  
4.96.   A pesar de que el intercambio comercial entre Chile y la Mozambique es bajo, estamos 
seguros que en los próximos años podremos incrementarlo.  
4.97.   Se observa con gran interés como, durante el período examinado, la sólida gestión 
macroeconómica de Mozambique y la creciente inversión extranjera, entre otros factores, han 
permitido un crecimiento promedio del 7% del PIB anual real y una inflación relativamente baja, 
sobre todo al inicio del período. Asimismo, hemos podido apreciar como  la inversión extranjera en 
las industrias extractivas, principalmente en carbón y gas, han ido aumentando la importancia de 
Mozambique en el mercado energético mundial. En relación con los marcos regulatorios aplicables 
al comercio, valoramos los esfuerzo s del gobierno mozambiqueño por implementar reformas 
legales y reglamentarias, por ejemplo, en materia de obstáculos técnicos al comercio, medidas 
sanitarias y fitosanitarias, libre competencia, contratación pública, propiedad intelectual, minería y 
teleco municaciones. Igualmente, apreciamos las medidas adoptadas para facilitar el comercio, 
como la ventanilla única para el despacho de aduana. Esperamos que estas reformas se 
profundicen y complementen con otras nuevas, de tal forma que se transformen en impu lsores 
potentes que conduzcan a Mozambique a los objetivos de desarrollo que el país se ha fijado, 
mejorando así las condiciones de vida de todos sus habitantes.  
4.98.   No obstante los avances señalados, son muchos los desafíos que siguen pendientes: la 
transform ación estructural de la economía mozambiqueña, la disminución del déficit por cuenta WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  corriente, la diversificación de la canasta exportadora, la industrialización, el aumento de la 
competitividad, el mejoramiento de la transparencia de los procesos legisla tivos y reglamentarios, 
la modificación de la estructura arancelaria a una que promueva la diversificación de la actividad 
económica, el desarrollo de la infraestructura, la inclusión financiera y la transformación de la 
agricultura en una actividad modern a y eficiente.  
4.99.   En relación a estos desafíos, quisiéramos hacer mención de la contribución que Chile hace a 
Mozambique, a través de la cooperación. En particular, quisiéramos destacar dos iniciativas: la 
primera, consiste en el establecimiento por parte de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, de 
un centro de capacitación agropecuaria, en la provincia de Tete, focalizado en fortalecer la 
seguridad alimentaria y la economía familiar de la población local. Esta iniciativa es financiada por 
el Fondo Chil e, mecanismo de Cooperación Sur -Sur conjunto establecido por el Gobierno de Chile 
en alianza con el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD Chile). Otra iniciativa 
que amerita ser destacada es el programa para becas de magíster Nelson Mand ela, dirigido a 
profesionales de Angola, Mozambique y Sudáfrica. Este programa ofrece alrededor de 50 becas 
anuales y cubre los costos de arancel y titulación, seguro médico y viático para estadía por un 
período máximo de dos años. Podemos decir con gran s atisfacción, que dos profesionales 
mozambiqueñas están entre los tres primeros graduados.  
4.100.   Deseamos a Mozambique una exitosa revisión de su política comercial en este examen. 
Muchas gracias.  
RWANDA  ON BEHALF  OF THE AFRICAN  GROUP  
4.101.   Based on the information con tained in the two Trade Policy Review reports, we wish to 
make the following comments and observations.  
1. First and foremost, we note with satisfaction that following the last review conducted in 
April 2009, Mozambique introduced sound macroeconomic policies  which translated into a 
more conducive trade and investment environment and enabled the country to maintain a 
relatively high growth despite persisting structural challenges. We therefore commend the 
Government of Mozambique for these reforms aiming at ra ising the living standards of the 
people of Mozambique.  
2. In addition to domestic policies, Mozambique is also an important player in regional trade 
policies as well as in the multilateral trading system. The national report emphasizes that 
the multilateral trading system continues to be a priority for Mozambique and that well -
functioning multilateral trade rules are essential for the efficiency of international trade and 
for the good functioning of the global economy. The report reiterates Mozambique's 
commi tment to providing its contribution towards an early conclusion of the Doha 
Development Round and in its objective of promoting a more inclusive, equitable and 
development -oriented International Trading System. We wish to assure the Minister that we 
share these objectives and that we are working very closely with the delegation of 
Mozambique under the leadership of H.E. Pedro Comissário Afonso, Ambassador and 
Permanent Representative of Mozambique to the UN and other international organizations in 
Geneva. O ur shared core objective is to achieve a developmental outcome at the 11th 
Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires in order to contribute to industrialization and 
structural transformation of our economies that are much needed as demonstrated by the 
informa tion under this review.  
3. We have noted that due to the fall in commodity prices at the international market, 
Mozambique has undergone a growth deceleration reaching an average of 6.9% since 2009. 
In this regard, the report of the Secretariat notes that "Moz ambique shares many of the 
problems of resource -rich countries with a fragile development model excessively focused on 
extractives and major projects". The issue of commodity dependency is common to many 
African countries and has negatively affected growth  and balance of payments following the 
sharp decline in commodity prices. This situation is a wake -up call to all of us, for the urgent 
need for industrialization and structural transformation in line with the 2063 Agenda, the 
Africa we want.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4. In this persp ective, we welcome a number of development strategies undertaken by 
Mozambique towards changing the structure of the economy such as the following: the 
promotion of Special Economic Zones as part of industrial strategy; development of 
corridors; upgrading the transport; energy development; water and communication 
infrastructure; prioritization of the Private -Public Dialogue at all levels; improving business 
services, among many others. More specifically, we note the establishment of 3 Industrial 
Free Zones,  in Locone and Nacala in 2011 and in Zambézia in 2014. We expect that these 
initiatives will make dynamic the manufacturing sector of Mozambique for technological 
development and technological catch up.  
5. Agriculture is also an important sector for Mozambiqu e particularly as an employment source 
for about 80% of the population (Government report, page 3, paragraph 2.4 and Secretariat 
report page 80). We note a number of Government initiatives for increasing production and 
productivity in line with the Compreh ensive Africa Agriculture Development Program 
(CAADP). We also note that currently, Mozambique is still a net importer of some key 
commodities with a high annual deficit, but with a clear national plan to address this 
situation. We have noted from the Secr etariat report that Mozambique has been facing 
cheap imports of some commodities which translated into unavoidable surtax rates. This 
demonstrates, once again, the importance of the Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM), in 
order to protect our farmers and our  agriculture development. An outcome at the MC11 on 
SSM is therefore of paramount importance in this regard. Cheap imports are also associated 
with agriculture trade distorting subsidies that contributed for many decades in undermining 
agriculture in Afric a. This is another important expected outcome in Buenos Aires ensuring 
that trade distorting subsidies are substantially reduced towards their elimination in order to 
achieve the outstanding market -oriented agriculture trading system free or market price 
distortions.  
6. Fisheries and aquaculture also present considerable potential for the economy of 
Mozambique due to its huge "Exclusive Economic Zone". The Secretariat report informs that 
the output of Mozambique's fisheries increased from 34,390 tonnes in 2000  to almost 
288,000 tonnes in 2015. We encourage Mozambique to continue supporting her artisanal 
fishing which constitutes the bulk of its fishing fleets; while protecting her EEZ from 
depletion particularly from outside large scale commercial or industrial  fishing with access 
rights. This is another area under WTO negotiations where the African Group expects 
tangible development outcome that provides clear disciplines for fisheries subsidies which 
contribute to overcapacity and overfishing and eliminate sub sidies to illegal, unreported and 
unregulated (IUU) fishing.  
4.102.   We have a lot to say on the TPR of Mozambique but we wish to end here. I take this 
opportunity to wish the delegation of Mozambique a very successful trade policy review.  
BURUNDI  
4.103.   Dans les rapport s donnés, ma délégation a noté avec satisfaction qu'à la suite du dernier 
examen de 2009, le Mozambique a mené des politiques macroéconomiques qui se sont traduites 
par un environnement de commerce et d'investissement plus propice qui a permis au pays de 
maintenir une croissance relativement élevée en dépit de défis structurels persistants ainsi que 
certains aspects de la situation nationale, entre autres la chute des prix internationaux des 
principaux produits d'exportation du pays qui a tendance à découra ger l'augmentation de la 
production dans les secteurs tournés vers l'exportation.  
4.104.   Néanmoins, l'économie Mozambicaine se heurte à des difficultés considérables notamment 
le manque de travailleurs qualifiés, le marché intérieur limité, les infrastructures i nsuffisantes, le 
coût élevé de l'activité des entreprises, la diversification économique limitée, la forte dépendance à 
l'égard des importations, et bien d'autres raisons.  
4.105.   D'un autre côté, ma délégation se réjouit que le Mozambique s'est fixé l'objectif de  créer 
un environnement propice à la promotion de la compétitivité des produits mozambicains sur les 
marchés internationaux, en particulier ceux des économies développées sans nuire à la promotion 
du commerce intra -africain, qui est considéré comme étant u n aspect important de sa politique et WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  surtout en mettant l'accent sur la sécurité et la protection des droits de propriété, et 
l'établissement de zones économiques spéciales et de zones franches industrielles.  
4.106.   Ma délégation se réjouit également que le Moza mbique a su maintenir un niveau de 
croissance convenable, en moyenne de 6,9%, de croissance de l'économie mozambicaine mesurée 
d'après le PIB, soit 1,1 de pourcentage depuis 2009, et qu'en 2015, le PIB réel a augmenté de 
6,6% et le PIB par habitant s'éleva it à 601 dollars américains.  
4.107.   Le secteur agricole occupe toujours une place prioritaire dans les politiques 
gouvernementales qui visent à transformer une agriculture de subsistance en une agriculture 
commerciale. La réalisation des objectifs du Programme q uinquennal du Gouvernement pour 
2015-2019 pour augmenter l'emploi pour environ 80% de la population, la productivité et la 
compétitivité, améliorer les conditions de vie de la population dans les zones rurales et urbaines 
ainsi que promouvoir la paix et la  démocratie, pourraient stimuler son économie et l'orienter vers 
le marché mondial.  
4.108.   Dans cette perspective, le Burundi soutient la mise en place d'un certain nombre de 
stratégies de développement entreprises par le Mozambique pour modifier la structure de 
l'économie comme, par exemple, la promotion des zones économiques spéciales dans le cadre de 
la stratégie industrielle visant à accroître la production et la productivité conformément au 
Programme global pour le développement de l'agriculture en Afrique  
4.109.   Le Burundi se félicite des nombreuses mesures commerciales spécifiques et relatives à 
l'investissement conçues pour atteindre les objectifs du Programme quinquennal du Gouvernement 
et qui comprennent les activités visant à renforcer la coopération internati onale au niveau 
bilatéral, multilatéral et régional en diversifiant les produits, en promouvant l'industrialisation 
tournée vers l'exportation, en améliorant les systèmes de normalisation et de certification, ainsi 
qu'en maximisant la teneur en éléments lo caux et la valeur ajoutée dans la transformation des 
ressources naturelles du Mozambique, en mettant en place des zones industrielles d'exportation et 
des zones économiques spéciales (ZES), ainsi qu'en améliorant les conditions de l'activité des 
entreprise s.  
4.110.   Ma délégation note cependant que le rapport du Secrétariat de l'OMC mentionne que le 
pays n'a toujours pas présenté ses notifications à l'OMC dans un certain nombre de domaines et 
encourage le Mozambique à faire un effort pour fournir des notifications  à l'OMC afin de garantir la 
transparence et intégrer le système commercial mondial.  
4.111.   Ma délégation encourage le Mozambique à fournir plus d'efforts pour opérationnaliser les 
fonctions du guichet unique en vue de faciliter les formalités au cours des transa ctions 
commerciales ainsi que le renforcement des infrastructures et l'industrialisation du pays qui lui 
permettront d'intégrer le commerce multilatéral.  
4.112.   Elle encourage également le Mozambique à poursuivre les négociations commerciales 
destinées à consolid er l'intégration économique de la SADC ainsi que l'établissement de la zone de 
libre-échange de la région tripartite et de la zone de libre -échange continentale dans le cadre de 
l'approfondissement de ses relations commerciales pour le commerce des biens e t des services.  
4.113.   Pour terminer, qu'il plaise à ma délégation de préciser que les relations bilatérales entre le 
Burundi et le Mozambique datent de longtemps et restent au bon fixe jusqu'à ce jour.  
4.114.   Ma délégation souhaite plein succès au Mozambique pour son 3ème examen des politiques 
commerciales.  
ZAMBIA  
4.115.   As highlighted in the two reports as well as in the opening statements made this morning, 
it is clear that Mozambique is committed to pursuing liberal policies and reforms aimed at 
enhancing domestic competit iveness and socio -economic development. Targeted interventions in 
key sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, energy, services including communications, 
transport and financial services through the implementation of programmes such as the Poverty WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  Reduc tion Action Plans, promotion of Special Economic Zones, development of corridors among 
others is highly commendable.  
4.116.   These interventions have revealed positive results, for example, real annual GDP growth 
has averaged around 8% over the past two decades an d around 7% during the current review 
period. Various steps taken by the Government to facilitate trade such as the launch of a single 
window system for customs clearance and other functions, the launch of an authorized economic 
operator scheme, liberalize d transit regulations, and the creation of a one -stop border post with 
South Africa have also yielded positive benefits for the country.  
4.117.   However, many challenges still remain particularly supply -side related, which require 
concerted effort at the bilateral , regional and multilateral levels. It is therefore my delegation's 
expectation that this review will generate interest among Members of the WTO to continue 
supporting the country, in the areas where there is deficiency, especially with regard to 
infrastru cture and export diversification.  
4.118.   From a bilateral perspective, as a close neighbour, Mozambique and Zambia share 
longstanding relations dating as far back as the pre -independence period. In more recent times, 
last year to be precise, our two countries sig ned a Memorandum of Understanding to provide a 
framework for trade cooperation. Under this framework, our two countries have pledged to 
spearhead cooperation in areas such as agriculture, with value -addition to local products being the 
main target, as well  as cooperation in energy, transport and communication sectors among others.  
4.119.   Similarly, the development of the Nacala Corridor, a joint venture involving Zambia, 
Malawi and Mozambique, is another programme that has been prioritized as this provides the 
easiest gateway to accessing the Indian Ocean for our goods and services.  
4.120.   At the regional level, our two countries also share common regional policies through 
membership of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) where we have continued to 
pursue imp ortant trade facilitation programmes, among many other initiatives.  
4.121.   Ton conclude, I wish to state that Mozambique has tremendous scope for progress in the 
area of trade, it is therefore important for the international community to continue supporting 
Mozam bique in her economic reform efforts so as to bring about sustained growth and 
development. As such, successful conclusion of negotiations under the DDA remains critical to the 
growth prospects of countries like Mozambique. For this reason, my delegation s incerely hopes a 
solution to the current impasse in these negotiations will be achieved at MC11.  
4.122.   Last but not least, I once again wish to congratulate the Government of the Republic of 
Mozambique and wish them a successful third Trade Policy Review.  
ANGOLA  
4.123.   Comme vous le savez, les relations entre le Mozambique et l'Angola sont plus que 
fraternelles. En effet, nos pays ont la même trajectoire politique et historique. Au début des 
années 60, nos peuples se sont soulevés contre le même système colonial et ont obtenu 
l'indépendance en 1975 et ont choisi les mêmes modèles politiques et économiques.  
4.124.   Nos pays sont membres de la Communauté de développement de l'Afrique australe 
(SADC) ainsi que de l'Union africaine, dans lesquelles nous œuvrons activement l'intégrat ion de 
nos économies.  
4.125.   Permettez -moi à ce titre de souligner le rôle majeur du Mozambique dans l'intégration 
régionale: plus de 99% des marchandises importées par ce pays en provenance des pays 
membres de la SADC sont exemptés des droits d'importation. Le M ozambique a également ratifié 
les Protocoles de la SADC sur le commerce des services en 2012 et celui sur l'emploi et le travail 
en 2014.  
4.126.   Au niveau du continent africain, le Mozambique participe activement aux négociations pour 
la mise en place de la zone continentale de libre -échange.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.127.   Le Mozambique est également très entreprenant au niveau multilatéral. Dans ce cadre, 
nous nous félicitons pour la ratification de l'Accord de l'OMC sur la facilitation du commerce, pour 
la notification des dispositions dans l es catégories A, B et C, ainsi que pour la création du Comité 
national de facilitation du commerce.  
4.128.   Nous saluons aussi l'engagement du Mozambique de présenter son instrument 
d'acceptation du protocole modifiant l'Accord sur les ADPIC avant la 11ème Confére nce ministérielle 
de l'OMC qui se tiendra en décembre 2017.  
4.129.   Grâce à une bonne gouvernance économique et à une stabilité politique, l'économie du 
Mozambique a connu une croissance significative et, comme résultat, son produit intérieur brut 
réel a crû de 8%  en moyenne au cours des deux dernières décennies.  
4.130.   La découverte de grands gisements de charbon et de gaz laisse éclore des perspectives 
économiques positives, ce qui pourrait faire du Mozambique un acteur majeur sur les marchés 
mondiaux de l'énergie.  
4.131.   Cependant, nous notons avec grande inquiétude les effets de la baisse des prix mondiaux 
des matières premières sur la valeur des exportations. Á cela s'ajoutent les catastrophes naturelles 
telles que les inondations qui ont eu lieu en 2016 dans certaines régio ns et la sécheresse dans 
d'autres qui ont causé des victimes humaines et ont, dans une certaine mesure, ralenti l'activité 
économique dans certaines provinces.  
4.132.   De surcroit, l'aide publique au développement a drastiquement diminué.  
4.133.   Nonobstant les défis susm entionnés, le Gouvernement du Mozambique a entrepris des 
efforts pour y faire face. L'implémentation du programme quinquennal pour la période 2015 -2019 
permettra l'accroissement de la production agricole et la promotion de l'industrialisation orientée 
vers l'augmentation des exportations.  
4.134.   Face à la situation que le Mozambique vit actuellement, l'Angola lance un appel à la 
communauté internationale de soutenir tous ces efforts en accordant une assistance technique et 
financière pour lui permettre de relancer  son économie, et de tirer le meilleur parti des possibilités 
d'accès aux marchés régionaux et mondiaux.  
4.135.   Ainsi, nous encourageons les partenaires au développement de reprendre l'aide directe au 
budget du Gouvernement mozambicain.  
4.136.   L'Angola souhaite à la Rép ublique sœur du Mozambique un excellent troisième examen de 
politique commerciale.  
MAURITIUS  
4.137.   We wish to commend Mozambique for its sound policies that led the Mozambican economy 
to grow at an average rate of 6.9% from 2009 to 2015 – well above the average in Sub -Saharan 
African countries.  
4.138.   Mauritius and Mozambique enjoy an excellent longstanding bilateral relations rooted in 
history.  
4.139.   Our bilateral cooperation is anchored on a General Framework Agreement since 2004, in 
several sectors including agriculture, education, fisheries, tourism, transport, ICT, finance and 
investment, and environment.  
4.140.   Moreover, our two countries have common appurtenance and share similar common 
positions in a number of regional and multilateral agencies, including the African Union, the ACP 
Group, SADC, IORA, Commonwealth and the World Trade Organization.  
4.141.   Mozambique is a key ally of Mauritius in the context of regional integration, for example in 
the context of the Accelerated Programme for Economic integration APEI, which is aimed to  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  facilitate trade across the region and which has the potential to facilitate the emergence of regional 
supply chains, by removing barriers to trade.  
4.142.   Mauritius has, overtime, built a strong business reputation and is a major contributor of 
FDI to Mozambiqu e. Many companies operate in Mozambique with office headquartered in 
Mauritius. Mauritian business companies have invested in the poultry and banking sectors in 
Mozambique.  
4.143.   With the Mauritius -Mozambique Bilateral Air Services Agreement (BASA) signed in 
March 2014, Air Mauritius is now flying to Maputo since May 2016. The expected growth in the 
Mozambican economy this year and in the future means that there are prospects for increased 
business and tourism between our two countries.  
4.144.   We also hope that with the  re-establishment of air connectivity between our two countries, 
our bilateral trade will be boosted through the movement of goods and people.  
4.145.   As both Mauritius and Mozambique have vast Exclusive Economic Zones, there is a lot of 
potential for cooperation with a view to developing our ocean economy, based on fisheries. The 
Mauritius delegation would urge the Mozambican delegation to expedite matters regarding the 
Economic Protocol on Fisheries given that the main thrust of the Protocol relates to terms and 
conditions for access to fishing big pelagic fish such as tuna, which are migratory species in our 
waters.  
4.146.   The Mauritius delegation looks forward to work closely with the Mozambican delegation to 
eliminate fisheries subsidies which contribute to overfishin g as well as illegal, unreported and 
unregulated fishing in our waters.  
4.147.   The Mauritius delegation urges the Mozambique delegation to expedite matters in respect 
of the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement between our two countries so that we may further 
enhance our economic ties and investment.  
4.148.   Finally, the Mauritius delegation looks forward to working closely with the delegation of 
Mozambique as we head to important discussions at the WTO with a view to reaching positive 
outcomes for MC11.  
4.149.   My delegation al igns itself with the statement delivered by Rwanda on behalf of the African 
Group.  
4.150.   In conclusion, my delegation wishes the Mozambican delegation a successful review of its 
trade policy.  
GUYANA  
4.151.   The Government of Guyana commends the reforms pursued by Mozamb ique since its 
second TPR in 2009. Guyana specifically recognizes the development strategy initiatives pursued 
by Mozambique directed at promoting industrialization, reducing unemployment, improving living 
standards and the modernization of its trade -related infrastructure.  
4.152.   Guyana notes that the inevitable contributions of these reforms to the results 
characterized by the real annual GDP growth rate of 7% during the current review period as stated 
in the Secretariat report.  
4.153.   We would also like to commend Moz ambique on enacting its first Competition law provision 
in 2013 as part of an important step in establishing a modern legal framework on Competition 
Policy; further, we commend the efforts made to facilitate trade by launching a single window 
system for cu stoms clearance and other functions and also note the efforts made to reform the 
Procurement regime that makes provisions for increased transparency in the Procurement Process.  
4.154.   Like Guyana, the recent discovery of gas has the potential to transform the cou ntry into a 
significant player in global energy markets. We note the efforts being made by Mozambique to 
effectively manage the extractive industries and we encourage them to continue doing so. We WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  ourselves have taken steps to manage our own emerging oil i ndustry by creating a Sovereign 
Wealth Fund and have recently submitted an application for membership in the Extractive 
Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). We recommend that Mozambique take similar steps in 
this regard if they have not done so alrea dy. 
4.155.   To reinforce and deepen the many reforms and their positive outcomes realized by 
Mozambique since the last review, we note that Mozambique still has a substantial need for 
technical assistance and capacity building aimed at addressing its supply -side c onstraints, 
technical capacity constraints, infrastructural challenges and notification challenges. These are 
some of the many challenges which are common among other LDCs and developing countries all of 
which assistance under the "WTO Aide for Trade Initi ative" ought to address.  
4.156.   The Government of Guyana would like to once again congratulate Mozambique on the 
progress that has been made since the last review and we recommend that the country continue 
developing and implementing the various reforms aimed at diversifying the economy, developing 
its trade -related infrastructure and legislative framework in a manner that is consistent with WTO 
rules and other international obligations in order to improve the social and economic wellbeing of 
the people of Mozambi que. 
4.157.   The Government of Guyana extends its full and continuous support to the Republic of 
Mozambique during its third Trade Policy Review.  
CABO  VERDE  
4.158.   Ma délégation réitère la déclaration prononcée par le Rwanda au nom du Groupe africain.  
4.159.   Tel que clairement rapporté ici, l'économie mozambicaine traverse à présent une étape 
difficile après une longue période d'expansion. Le défis de fond consiste alors à réussir l'entreprise 
de faire de cette situation un ressort décisif pour les changements structuraux de l'é conomie et le 
dépassement des contraintes qui lui sont associés et les conditionnent, et la reprise de la courbe 
ascendante dans les investissements productifs. La voie est toutefois bien identifiée, et la volonté 
politique semble ferme, ce qui augure des perspectives de succès à terme.  
4.160.   Si la diversification souhaitée devra être large, et l'industrialisation y semble constituer un 
axe prioritaire, notons et soulignons pourtant le caractère essentiel qu'acquiert le développement 
de l'agriculture et du dévelo ppement rural en général, vital pour à la fois la lutte contre la 
pauvreté, la sécurité alimentaire, l'emploi et l'entrepreneuriat. Une planification stratégique de la 
connexion entre le développement de l'agriculture et ceux de l'industrie et d'un tourism e 
formidable en potentiel serait certainement un atout multiple dans la réduction de l'indice de 
vulnérabilité économique du pays.  
4.161.   De par la substance des rapports produits en appui à cet exercice d'examen, il nous 
semble que celui -ci pourra se révéler d'u ne plus -value importante pour le Mozambique, qui pour sa 
part fait montre d'une autoanalyse et d'un sens de direction remarquables. Dans sa déclaration 
écrite, le Gouvernement explicite avec précision ses priorités, étendues en effet, en actions 
d'assistan ce technique. Il faut espérer que les partenaires internationaux du pays, y inclus l'OMC, 
ne feront pas défaut en la matière. Il y va de la réussite de la transformation de l'économie du 
pays et du programme de réformes qui l'accompagne.  
4.162.   Cabo Verde souhait e et augure au Mozambique, pays frère, le meilleur succès dans le 
présent examen et dans son entreprise de suivre avec détermination et persistance la voie de la 
diversification en accrue compétitivité et du développement des multiples potentialités que 
possède le pays.  
LESOTHO  
4.163.   The trade policy of Mozambique, a founding Member of the African Union, and a fellow 
SADC Member is indeed of great importance to us. Mozambique and Lesotho share common 
aspirations for the free movement of persons and goods and serv ices within the SADC region. This 
has been evidenced by the signing of mutual exemption of VISA requirements between Lesotho 
and Mozambique in 2009. We believe that it is through the free movement of people that the free WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  movement of capital, goods and serv ices can also be realized. While the volume of trade between 
Lesotho and Mozambique remains very low there is a great potential which could significantly 
contribute in integration within the African regional value chains.  
4.164.   Shifting to specifics, we acknowl edge the robust measures that Mozambique has taken 
since the last review in an effort to achieve structural transformation and diversification of the 
economy through industrialization. These measures include amongst others, trade -related 
legislations and r egulations in the crucial areas of public –private partnerships, intellectual property 
rights, investment, customs procedures, mining, petroleum, incentives. These and many other 
initiatives such as the establishment of Industrial Free Trade Zones(IFZs) and  Special Economic 
Zone (SEZ); bear testimony to the resolve of the Government of Mozambique to fully unleash the 
economic potential of this great country which is endowed with rich mineral resources.  
4.165.   At the multilateral level, we wish to commend Mozambique  for her commitment to the 
rules-based multilateral trading system. We note with satisfaction that Mozambique has not only 
ratified the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement but has notified all provisions of Categories A, B and 
C. Moreover, Mozambique also est ablished the National Committee for Trade Facilitation. We also 
noted that in the period under review Mozambique launched a Single Electronic Window System 
for customs clearance and other functions. Mozambique also launched an authorized economic 
operator scheme; liberalized transit regulations; and created a one -stop border post with South 
Africa. We find the public -private partnership model of the Single Window System in which, its 
ongoing costs are financed through a network charge levied on the customs declarations it 
processes, very much creative and indeed worthy of emulating. We are also gratified to recognize 
the impact of the Single Window in reducing the time taken to export from 26 days to 6 days and 
required steps in the customs clearance process es reduced from 32 to 7.  
4.166.   We take note of the progressive efforts made by Mozambique indicating to her acceptance 
of the protocol of Amendment on Trade -Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 
before the Eleventh Ministerial Conference (MC11)  to take place in December 2017.  
4.167.   The successes which Mozambique has achieved in its trade policies are positive, however, 
we are cognizant of the enormous challenges which Mozambique continues to grapple with like 
other African LDCs. The country remains vu lnerable to exogenous shocks, for instance, as 
illuminated in the Secretariat report where the country's economic performance in 2015 
decelerated in great measure due to the decline in global commodity prices, weak growth among 
her trading partners, and th e effects of regional drought. Strengthening and accelerating 
international support measures to Mozambique therefore remains a cardinal issue. Like other 
LDCs, Mozambique is eligible to benefit from unilateral preferences offered by various WTO 
Members but  has not been able to fully benefit from these preferences. This further calls for 
support in building productive capacities to benefit from preferences and participate in Regional 
Value Chains.  
4.168.   In this regard, we wish to echo Mozambique's clarion call fo r more support in the areas 
that have been identified.  
4.169.   Finally, my delegation wishes the Government of Mozambique a successful Trade Policy 
Review.  
BÉNIN  
4.170.   Le Bénin s'associe aux déclarations faites par le Rwanda au nom du Groupe africain et le 
Cambodge au n om des Groupe de pays les moins avancés (PMA).  
4.171.   En dépit de la situation économique difficile que le Mozambique a connue, résultant 
notamment de la chute des prix de ses principaux produits d'exportation, et des conséquences des 
aléas climatiques (la sécher esse et les inondations dans différentes régions du pays), le 
Mozambique a enregistré une croissance économique de 7% sur la période sous examen. Ce 
résultat a été obtenu grâce à une gestion macroéconomique très rigoureuse, le flux important des 
Investisse ments directs étrangers (IDE) qui sont fortement liés aux importations, et le soutien des 
partenaires au développement. Autre illustration, le commerce des marchandises et services a 
représenté plus de 100% du PIB.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.172.   Les différentes réformes structurelles mi ses en œuvre par le Mozambique, notamment la 
réforme agricole, la réforme dans le domaine de la concurrence, dans le secteur manufacturier, la 
réforme fiscale et budgétaire, ont contribué à faire enregistrer des résultats économiques et 
commerciaux par le pays.  
4.173.   Dans le domaine du commerce multilatéral, le Mozambique a fondé sa stratégie sur des 
objectifs visant à faciliter le processus d'industrialisation, la création des chaînes de valeur, la 
diversification des exportations et la réduction de la dépendanc e du pays vis -à-vis des matières 
premières.  
4.174.   La délégation du Bénin voudrait encourager le Mozambique à poursuivre ses efforts visant 
la diversification et la restructuration de son économie.  
4.175.   Elle se félicite de l'engagement du Mozambique en faveur du systè me commercial 
multilatéral qui s'est traduit par la ratification de l'Accord sur la facilitation des échanges (AFE), 
ainsi que par plusieurs accords commerciaux régionaux, sous régionaux et bilatéraux, dont le pays 
est partie.  
4.176.   La délégation du Bénin invite  les partenaires au développement à accompagner les efforts 
du Mozambique, notamment dans la construction des infrastructures socioéconomiques et du 
transport, et pour la mise en valeur du potentiel important que le pays présente, notamment dans 
les domain es énergétique, minier et touristique.  
4.177.   Elle forme le vœu que les efforts, les initiatives et les réformes engagées par le 
Mozambique dans un environnement économique marqué par des facteurs exogènes, aboutissent 
à des résultats qui soutiennent le développe ment durable inclusif.  
4.178.   La délégation du Bénin remercie le Secrétariat de l'OMC et le Gouvernement du 
Mozambique pour les rapports très informatifs élaborés dans le cadre de la présente session 
d'Examen des politiques commerciales du Mozambique.  
4.179.   Elle souhai te plein succès au Mozambique et un examen réussi de ses politiques 
commerciales.  
INDIA  
4.180.   We note from the Secretariat's report that during the period under review the GDP of 
Mozambique grew at an average rate of around 7%. We also note that the challenges b eing faced 
by Mozambique include addressing socio -economic development issues, poverty alleviation, limited 
internal markets, challenges related to infrastructure development, increasing debt levels and 
limited structural transformation of the economy. We commend the Government of Mozambique 
for taking various measures and making efforts to address these challenges including 
implementing the Poverty Reduction Action Plans, strengthening legislation for promoting 
investment, progress on the macroeconomic fro nt including fiscal and monetary policies, 
addressing inflation and reforms in the financial and tax sectors of the economy.  
4.181.   India and Mozambique enjoy warm, cordial and close relation. Our Prime Minister visited 
Mozambique in July 2016 which has further s trengthened the multifaceted ties between both 
countries. The bilateral trade between India and Mozambique grew rapidly from 2010 onwards 
however, there was a decline in 2015 -16 mainly on account of falling prices of petroleum and fall 
in exports from Indi a. There is potential for expanding trade ties between both countries in areas 
including petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electrical goods, machinery and 
automobiles.  
4.182.   Mozambique has also emerged as a leading investment destination for Indian investors 
with almost a quarter of India's total FDI in Africa being directed to Mozambique. There are large 
growing Indian investments in the coal and natural gas sectors in Mozambique with the presence 
of leading Indian companies.  
4.183.   Under the Development P artnership Co -operation, India has extended Lines of Credit to 
the Government of Mozambique:  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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   Until 2010 India offered a line of credit worth US$140 million to Mozambique for projects in 
areas including rural electrification, drinking water supply, technolo gy and innovation;  
 During the visit of President of Mozambique to India in 2010 an additional amount of 
US$500 million was pledged under which a number of projects were taken up subsequently 
including projects for food security, new and renewable energy de velopment and drinking 
water supply. The larger projects include a US$250 million project for improving power 
supply in Maputo and surrounding areas; US$149 million for construction of road in Sofala 
province and US$47 million for construction of 1200 hous es in three provinces in 
Mozambique.  
4.184.   For capacity building in human resources, India has also been regularly offering slots to 
professionals from Mozambique under India's Technical Economic Cooperation (ITEC) programme.  
4.185.   Mozambique is blessed with abundant natural resources including cultivable land, coal and 
natural gas, fisheries, forestry and minerals and has tremendous potential for growth. To conclude, 
we look forward to working closely with the authorities of Mozambique for further expanding and 
harnes sing the vast potential of our trade and investment ties for mutual benefit. We wish the 
delegation of Mozambique a productive and successful TPR.  
CAMBODIA  ON BEHALF  OF THE LDC GROUP  
4.186.   We would like to highly commend Mozambique for having undertaken a number  of 
significant initiatives and reforms during the period under review aimed at creating a more 
conducive trade and investment environment for the country. These reforms target improved 
economic and social development that is profitable for the population.  
4.187.   In this context, Mozambique prepared Poverty Reduction Action Plans with five -year 
periods and has implemented the third phase of these Action Plans over 2011 -2014.  
4.188.   From the point of view of investment, Mozambique aims to ensure that all forms of private 
investments are oriented to contribute to sustainable economic and social development of the 
country. To promote these types of investments, Mozambique focus on security and protection of 
property rights, the establishment of special economic zones and exp ort processing zones, the 
possibility of receiving and reimbursing foreign loans, as well as other initiatives. Mozambique also 
seeks to improve the competitiveness of its enterprises by strengthening a public -private dialogue 
and, in particular, by facili tating the licensing of the private sector activities, which should promote 
economic growth. Mozambique has, in this context, established in 2013 a Competition Regulatory 
Authority.  
4.189.   With regard to agriculture, which is still a priority in Mozambique's Gove rnment policies, a 
strategic plan for the development of agriculture was approved for the period 2011 -2020, with the 
aim of supporting food security and of achieving agricultural growth of around 7% per year. 
Mozambique also wants to evolve through a comme rcial, productive and competitive agriculture 
that is capable of exporting at the same time as attracting investments.  
4.190.   Finally, Mozambique has engaged in financial and fiscal reforms aimed at modernizing the 
financial system, promoting microfinance institu tions and providing better services to SMEs. A 
gradual increase in tax revenues is sought, as well as a simplification of the tax regime and an 
expansion of the tax base.  
4.191.   Despite a period of global economic slowdown covering the period under review, 
Mozamb ique maintained an adequate level of growth, averaging 6.9%, which is above the 
continent average. This has been possible, in particular, through sound macroeconomic policies 
and reforms choices.  
4.192.   Future challenges include strengthening the country's infras tructure and industrialization. 
These issues are common to all LDCs. Mozambique seems to have taken a proactive approach on 
these issues by approving a programme for the road sector and by establishing political and 
strategic policies for the industrializa tion of the country over the period 2016 -2025.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  4.193.   The LDC Group wishes Mozambique continued success in its initiatives and as part of this 
Trade Policy Review.  
SOUTH  AFRICA  
4.194.   South Africa associates itself with the statement delivered by Rwanda on behalf of the  
African Group.  
4.195.   South Africa welcomes the delegation of Mozambique led by the Minister of Trade and 
Industry: Minister Ernesto Tonela, on this occasion of its third Trade Policy Review. We agree with 
Mozambique that the periodic reviews of trade policy are  a key element of the multilateral trading 
system embodied in the WTO that contributes to a more transparent and comprehensive 
understanding of a member`s trade policies and practices and other legal frameworks that 
regulate trade.  
4.196.   Relations between South Africa and Mozambique are close, we are neighbours and our 
cooperation covers defense, energy, mineral resources, tourism, transport, communications, 
science and technology. Trade and investment flows continue to grow between the two countries 
as Mozambiqu e is amongst South Africa's top five trading partners in the SADC region. South 
African companies have invested across a broad spectrum of sectors in Mozambique.   
4.197.   South Africa and Mozambique have signed a bilateral agreement on combined border 
control pos ts. The agreement is for the establishment of a combined border post at the 
Lebombo -Ressano Garcia border crossing along the Maputo Corridor. It is intended to reduce 
border processing times along the Maputo Corridor (the N4), reduce logistics costs, while  
eliminating operational and enforcement gaps associated with conventional border crossings.  
4.198.   South Africa has noted various reforms introduced by Mozambique, including in the areas 
of trade, economic regulations and policy, most notably the Poverty Reducti on Action Plans. We 
commend Mozambique for such programmes which are intended to create a more conducive trade 
and investment environment as well as predictability. The Mozambique economy has been affected 
by the global economic prolonged downturn includin g the fall in international prices of the 
country`s main export products, drought and floods. Nevertheless, robust economic growth was 
achieved during the period under review - between 2009 and 2016 Mozambique recorded an 
average economic growth rate of 7% . Sound macroeconomic management, foreign investment, 
political stability and donor support have been some of the factors instrumental to such growth.  
4.199.   Mozambique has also released various development strategy documents, with different 
focus areas. Their tr ade policy objectives and strategy aim to create an environment conducive to 
promoting the competitiveness of Mozambican products in international markets. Mozambique 
imports consist of a large scale of manufactured goods mainly mega projects imports relat ed to 
foreign direct investments; other imports include foodstuffs, agricultural products, fuel and mining 
products. The export basket of Mozambique is rather limited including in agriculture exports, 
however, we have noted that Mozambique is diversifying its exports with the increase of 
non-traditional value chains, and to promote value addition in various sectors.  
4.200.   To assist their efforts to diversify, an objective shared by our region, we have all agreed to 
the SADC Industrialization strategy. The focal p oint of the SADC Industrialization Strategy is 
participation in regional and global value chains. The strategy sets out three Resource -Based 
Industrialization (RBI) preferred growth paths towards industrialization in the region – 
agro-processing, minerals beneficiation and industry and service -driven value chains.  
4.201.   The Regional Strategy in SADC is driven by national development strategies, visions and 
plans and primarily by the SADC Treaty, the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan 
(RISDP), SADC pro tocols and specifically by the Industrial Development Policy Framework (IDPF). 
It is also informed by African Union's Accelerated Industrial Development of Africa and Agenda 
2063.  
4.202.   As a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), we would like to 
highlight that Mozambique has completed the transition period for the full implementation of the 
Free Trade Area in 2015, the SADC protocol on Trade in Services was ratified in 2012. Mozambique WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  is also a member of the European Union -Southern Africa n Development Community Economic 
Partnership Agreement (EU -SADC EPA) signed in June 2016.  
4.203.   In all, South Africa commends Mozambique for the policies and strategies formulated to 
assist in the country's industrialization process, which will contribute to the  reduction of the 
country's dependence on primary products and positive economic growth.  
4.204.   South Africa wishes Mozambique a successful conclusion of their third Trade Policy Review.  
SWAZILAND  
4.205.   My delegation notes with much contentment that in the period unde r review, the economy 
of Mozambique grew at rates of about 7% and even after the economy decelerated due to falling 
international commodity prices, unrealized potential in the extractive sectors and the drying up of 
international finance and donor support;  the economy still recorded a steady growth rate of 6.6% 
in 2015. These figures are particularly impressive and enviable when juxtaposed with other 
sub-Saharan countries that grew at an average of 4.8% in the same period, further remarkable, 
when many of i ts immediate neighbours were growing at rates of less than 2%. This sustained 
activity has been the result of sound and prudent macroeconomic policies that have stabilized the 
economy, streamlined its investment incentives and kept inflation at sustainable  levels.  
4.206.   My delegation would like to congratulate and commend the Government of Mozambique for 
the proactive and far reaching reforms it has undertaken in its tax regime. These reforms are 
necessary in any modern economy to not only improve the business e nvironment and attract FDI, 
but also to broaden the base from which Government collects the taxes needed for vital poverty 
reduction, domestic investment and social security programmes.  
4.207.   My delegation, moreover, commends the Government of Mozambique for co mplying with 
its obligations under the SADC Trade Protocol , especially in completing tariff liberalization for all 
SADC Members within the stipulated transitional period. A substantive 99.6% of duties on goods 
imported into Mozambique from SADC Countries are at zero. As a fellow SADC member and close 
neighbour, Swaziland looks forward to working with Mozambique in deepening this regional 
integration to Trade in Services and other critical areas of co -operation, such as investment and 
procurement.  
4.208.   Trade fa cilitation in any regional integration initiative is critical and my delegation 
commends the government for its ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and further 
reinforcing this commitment by implementing the single window system for customs cl earance, 
authorized economic operator scheme and the one stop border post with South Africa. Given that 
Mozambique accounts for 70% of SADC's transit traffic and provides transportation corridors for 
both importers and exporters; it plays a crucial role in  regional trade. In this respect, my 
delegation wishes to encourage the Government of Mozambique to push ahead with further trade 
facilitation reforms such as the elimination of pre -shipment inspection and the compulsory use of 
customs brokers for all comm ercial imports, exports and goods in transit .  
4.209.   In addition, although my delegation remains supportive of efforts to create policy space, 
we nevertheless encourage Mozambique to review some of her trade related regulations and to 
bring them in line with its  WTO Commitments, as we are concerned that these fall outside the 
scope of GATT Articles III, V and XI. These include among others, the surcharges on imported 
sugar, indiscriminate scanning charges as well as the cross -border charges for foreign trucks 
entering or transiting Mozambique.  
4.210.   In closing, my delegation acknowledges the mammoth task that lies ahead for the 
Government of Mozambique to achieve an inclusive, sustainable and transparent management of 
its abundant natural resources, and are heartened th at the Government's medium term reform 
agenda emphasizes the need to focus on strengthening capacity to better manage the country's 
extractive industries for the achievement of their explicit development and poverty reduction 
goals.  
4.211.   My delegation wishes on going success as you continue to implement elements of your 
trade and economic reform agenda, and we hope for a most successful Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  ZIMBABWE  
4.212.   My delegation is delighted to note that during the period under review, Mozambique has 
been one of  the fastest growing economies in the region and the country achieved a robust 
economic growth averaging about 6.9% per year since 2009, underpinned by growth in the 
extractive industry. Until recently, this robust growth was made possible by sound macroec onomic 
management, a number of large scale foreign investment projects, relative political stability and 
significant donor support. Inflation was kept low, at one digit level during a greater part of the 
period under review. I wish to highly commend Mozamb ique for this great achievement.  
4.213.   We welcome more reforms that are being implemented in the agriculture sector to increase 
production and productivity of food crops. There are also reforms on the financial sector, tax 
system and monetary policies.  
4.214.   Mozambiqu e is richly endowed with mineral and agricultural resources however, due to low 
levels of value addition the export base is limited to a few extractive products which account for 
about 63% of total exports, whilst main imports are of manufactured goods. We  encourage 
Mozambique to add value to its commodities and diversify the economy in order to increase 
exports of value added products and be able to cushion it from external shocks.  
4.215.   At regional level, Zimbabwe and Mozambique are both members of SADC which 
established a Free Trade Area in 2008. Mozambique is a regional transit hub and handles 70% of 
transit goods in the SADC. The geographical advantage of Mozambique could be capitalized further 
by the SADC region if more investments are made in infrastructure  development. To this end, I 
call upon the development partners and donor members/countries to avail more resources towards 
Mozambique's infrastructural development programmes.  
4.216.   At bilateral level, Zimbabwe and Mozambique have enjoyed a long history of frie ndly 
economic, social and political ties. Zimbabwe and Mozambique's Trade Agreement came into effect 
in 2005 and total trade between the two countries grew by 64% in favour of Zimbabwe, since 
2012. Mozambique is currently Zimbabwe's second largest trading partner. Total trade, however, 
declined from US$725 million to US$579 million between 2014 and 2015 and experienced a 
further decline to US$430 million in 2016.  
4.217.   Major exports from Zimbabwe to Mozambique over the last five years include beverages, 
timber, c otton, tobacco, peanut butter, vegetables, a range of minerals whilst major imports from 
Mozambique include wheat, fertilizers, maize, rice clinker, tallow, palm oil ,soya bean cake and 
electricity.  
4.218.   A significant number of Zimbabwean companies that are ope rating in Mozambique are in 
the construction, printing, clothing manufacture and logistics sectors, amongst others. There are 
great opportunities in Mozambique for agro processing, manufacturing of soaps, cooking oil and 
dairy products, metal fabrication, supply of educational services and joint ventures in mining.  
4.219.   Mozambique has made progress in reducing bureaucratic and infrastructural bottlenecks 
that affect investors. However, there is room for improvement especially on some specialized 
business licensi ng procedures for the construction industry.  
4.220.   We hope that Mozambique will continue to address trade barriers regarding lengthy and 
costly customs clearance procedures at borders, multiple police inspections and controls for goods 
in transit and high costs resulting from use of customs brokers. Zimbabwe and Mozambique need 
to extend the hours of business at the borders in order to speed up clearance of commercial 
goods.  
4.221.   We commend the Mozambican delegation in Geneva for their positive contribution towards 
the success of the Multilateral Trading System and welcome the country's ratification of the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement. We hope that implementation of this agreement will eliminate some of the 
non-tariff barriers.  
4.222.   Lastly, I wish Mozambique a successful T rade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  PAKISTAN  
4.223.   Despite the challenges faced by it, like other resource rich developing countries, 
Mozambique's economy has grown rapidly since 1992. Real annual GDP growth averaged around 
8% over the past two decades and around 7% during the current review period. This was made 
possible largely by astute macroeconomic management.  
4.224.   Pakistan appreciates the fact that strong growth has been supported by FDI inflows in 
extractive industries. Major discoveries of coal and gas may transform Mozambiqu e into a 
significant player in global energy markets. FDI reached between US$5 billion and US$6 billion in 
2012 and 2013 and was estimated at US$4.9 billion in 2014, or around one third of GDP.  
4.225.   Pakistan appreciates the reforms initiated by the Government f or changing the structure of 
the economy through industrialization with a view to ensuring economic growth, reduced 
unemployment and improved living standards. This has been coupled with a new Competition law, 
which should further improve the investment cl imate. We also appreciate the various steps that 
have been taken to facilitate trade. These include the launch of a single window system for 
customs clearance and other functions; the launch of an authorized economic operator scheme; 
liberalized transit re gulations; and the creation of a one -stop border post with South Africa.  
4.226.   Pakistan has noted that even though there has been movement in the services sector of 
Mozambique, yet, there are some limitations, for example, the telecom sector is constrained by a 
weak fixed telecoms network and a relatively strong mobile network. Similarly, there has been a 
significant level of liberalization in the Mozambican banking services market, but this has not 
translated into increased affordability and availability of bank ing products. Access to finance 
remains an obstacle to improving Mozambique's investment climate. Mozambique has inadequate 
transport infrastructure compared to other countries in the world. Mozambique also has significant 
potential in tourism based on its  range of beach holiday products, ecotourism, cultural diversity, 
and extensive coastline. If the limitations are addressed there remains tremendous potential for 
further growth of Mozambique economy.  
4.227.   Pakistan wishes Mozambique a very fruitful and success ful TPR.  
TCHAD  
4.228.   Le Tchad s'associe aux déclarations faites par le Cambodge au nom du Groupe des Pays les 
Moins Avancés (PMA) et le Rwanda au nom du Groupe africain.  
4.229.   Le Tchad apprécie hautement l'engagement de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce 
(OMC) à sout enir les efforts du Mozambique visant à créer les conditions favorables au 
développement du commerce et des investissements ces dernières années en vue de lui assurer 
un développement durable.  
4.230.   Ma délégation salue les efforts importants fournis par le Mozam bique, notamment dans 
l'actualisation régulière de la liste d'engagements, l'adhésion à plusieurs accords régionaux et au 
niveau multilatéral, la consolidation de ses lignes tarifaires à des taux non négligeables, le 
renforcement du cadre juridique et inst itutionnel nécessaire à l'élaboration de politiques 
cohérentes et judicieuses, ainsi que la diversification des produits et des marchés d'exportation. 
Tout cela contribue au renforcement de la transparence et de la prévisibilité de son régime 
commercial, a u renforcement de son économie et du système commercial multilatéral.  
4.231.   Le Tchad se félicite de la vision à laquelle souscrit le Mozambique en ce qui concerne le 
libre-échange par la ratification de l'Accord sur la facilitation des échanges, la mise en place  de 
Comité national de facilitation des échanges et sa détermination à satisfaire aux prescriptions en 
matière de notification et à son engagement à se mettre en conformité avec ses obligations à 
l'OMC. Le Mozambique, à l'instar des autres pays d'Afrique, regorge d'énormes potentialités en 
termes de ressources naturelles et une population jeune qui constitue un potentiel extraordinaire 
pour attirer et bénéficier des investissements étrangers directs.  
4.232.   Malgré l'insuffisance des infrastructures, le faible acc ès au financement et les défis 
structurels à relever, le Mozambique a déployé d'énormes efforts pour créer une dynamique WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  importante pour le commerce et le système commercial multilatéral. Ma délégation encourage le 
Mozambique à poursuivre ses efforts et so llicite l'appui de la Communauté des partenaires 
techniques et financiers pour l'accompagner dans la mise en œuvre de ses politiques économiques, 
commerciales et du développement durable. Le Tchad souhaite plein succès au Mozambique pour 
son troisième exam en des politiques commerciales.  
SOLOMON  ISLANDS  
4.233.   Solomon Islands wishes to congratulate Mozambique for its third Trade Policy Review.  
4.234.   Both the national report of Mozambique and Secretariat report highlighted significant 
domestic reform initiatives undertake n by Mozambique during the review period, with the overall 
objective of improving the lives of the people of Mozambique. Notable in these reforms is the 
formulation and implementation of its Poverty Reduction Action Plan.  
4.235.   To improve the business and invest ment environment, Mozambique has undertaken 
reforms which saw the establishment of Industrial Free Zones and Special Economic Zones which 
provide incentive package for investors. Both these reforms are geared towards Mozambique's 
vision of achieving indust rialization, a key strategy of moving away from commodity -base 
production and exports.  
4.236.   The promulgation of its first historic Competition Law in 2013 is commendable. Once the 
Competition Regulatory Authority is operational, the regulations are expected to strengthen and 
foster public -private dialogue and provide level playing field for private sector to do business.  
4.237.   Solomon Islands also acknowledge the reform programmes that the Government of 
Mozambique is embarking on in the Financial and Tax sector, parti cularly its efforts to simplify and 
modernize its tax regime, including customs processes. These reforms are vital not only to 
encourage economic and trade activities but also to improve revenue collection in order for the 
Government to provide the necessa ry services to its people.  
4.238.   As LDCs, both Solomon Islands and Mozambique face similar development and trade 
challenges. These challenges stem from their unique economic, social and political circumstances. 
The Secretariat report noted the various challenges  face by Mozambique such as lack of capacity, 
infrastructure inefficiency, narrow tax base, limited diversification, costly business environment 
and high dependency on imports.  
4.239.   Mozambique would need the support and capacity -building assistance from the WTO  
Members and its development partners to address these challenges.  
4.240.   As an LDC, Mozambique would need the appropriate flexibilities in WTO rules for it to chart 
its way to meet its development objectives.  
4.241.   Solomon Islands wish the delegation of Mozambique a successful TPR.  
UNIDO  
4.242.   UNIDO's cooperation with Mozambique dates back to the early 1980s. Since then, we have 
implemented over 100 projects addressing a variety of industrial development priorities ranging 
from quality infrastructure, over human resource de velopment to strengthening the technological 
capabilities of SMEs in different industrial and agro -industrial sectors.  
4.243.   Over the years, Mozambique has been prioritizing trade, economic growth and private 
sector development as the requisite factors for susta inable development and poverty alleviation. 
As has been noted during the review, one of the major challenges facing Mozambique is enhanced 
competitiveness and access to global markets.  
4.244.   In response to this challenge, UNIDO has been providing assistance to t he country since 
2012 in the area of quality infrastructure. The just concluded project "Competing with quality" 
aimed at strengthening institutional and human capacities related to standards, metrology, testing 
and quality assurance. The assistance includ ed support in the formulation of policy documents, WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  technical support to testing laboratories to allow them assess, in an internationally recognized 
manner, the quality of products against international standards, but also supporting private 
enterprises to apply international standards, in the area of quality management and food safety. In 
general terms, the project increased the quality of Mozambican products and services, essential for 
the country's exports and important for local consumption. In more conc rete terms, I would wish 
to mention that as a result of the projects: (i) the National Institute for Standardization was 
accredited for Management System Certification (ISO 9001); (ii) that 9 laboratories were 
supported towards accreditation; and that (iii ) over 20 companies have been supported in the 
implementation of international standards, in particular ISO 9001, quality management system.  
4.245.   The project is considered and we look forward to further working with the Government and 
partners in strengthening the business environment and enhancing the competitiveness of the 
country's agro -industry and industrial sector.  
4.246.   In terms of future cooperation, I would wish to mention that the Government of 
Mozambique and UNIDO have recently concluded a comprehensive pro gramme of technical 
cooperation for the next five years. The Country Programme focuses on 3 components:  
1. Supporting the implementation of the industrial policy and related strategies by 
strengthening, inter alia , institutional capacities for competitiveness  analysis, industrial 
statistics and supporting Mozambique's industrial parks programme  
2. Promotion of an enabling environment for business facilitation and enterprise 
competitiveness by further strengthening the Quality Infrastructure, strengthening busines s 
facilitation and company licensing, by promoting private investment through business 
partnerships and linkages, and by facilitating technology transfer, strengthening industrial 
skills and innovation in priority sectors.  
3. A third component is related to p romoting energy access and environmental management.  
4.247.   I would like to close by extending UNIDO's gratitude to the Government and our in 
Mozambique for years of fruitful cooperation and the trust shown in UNIDO.  
4.248.   We wish the delegation a successful conclusion  of the third Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRE SENTATIVE OF MOZAMBI QUE AND ADDITIONAL C OMMENTS  
5.1.  First of all, let me take this opportunity to deeply thank you, Madame Chair, for the excellent 
and most productive manner in which you have been conduc ting this important review exercise.  
5.2.  I express my great appreciation to His Excellence Ambassador Christopher Onyanga Aparr, in 
his capacity as discussant, for the insightful comments and observations.  
5.3.  My profound gratitude is extended to all participants , especially those who have made 
statements during the first day of our proceedings. I wish to assure you that your valuable 
remarks and contributions will be taken fully into account by Mozambique.  
5.4.  As we said on the first day, your attendance of this Moza mbique Third Trade Policy Review is 
a clear testimony of your interest in seeing our country making progress towards a stronger and 
sustainable development.  
5.5.  We recognize that WTO Members have submitted a number of important questions deriving 
from their un derstanding of the content of our report. I will now have the honour to address them.  
5.6.  On notification issues: in order to comply with this obligation, Mozambique has designated a 
National Notification Authorities and National Enquiry Points. There is a nee d for the strengthening 
of these bodies so as to better manage the notification process as we are still facing weak 
coordination and monitoring system.  
5.7.  Assistance from our partners in training and capacity building in this area would be most 
welcome.  
5.8.  We shall continue to encourage our trade officials from different Governments institutions to 
attend and benefit from the WTO online training. Given the urgency in solving this issue, it is our 
considered view that specific and dedicated training in the count ry, in the form of in house 
training, should be provided by the WTO.  
5.9.  This would allow for an assessment and updating action to be taken in relation to the 
outstanding notifications, and help the country to regularly report to the WTO Secretariat on the 
issue. 
5.10.   Customs logistics: Mozambique is aware that this issue is critical for its development as well 
as for the economies of the SADC region, in particular the landlocked ones that use Mozambique 
as a transit corridor for their international trade.  
5.11.   We, ther efore, recognize the need to speed up the process of reducing bureaucratic and 
infrastructural bottlenecks that affect investors, especially on some specialized business licensing, 
clearance procedures at borders, multiple inspections and controls for good s in transit.  
5.12.   Customs brokers: to improve trade facilitation procedures, the current regulatory framework 
allows the importers and exporters to proceed by themselves the clearance through online 
platforms, instead of using any customs broker's services. Th e use of customs brokers is not 
mandatory under the present legislation.  
5.13.   Tariff lines exceeded bound rate: we have identified this divergence and Mozambique will 
take into consideration the observation and, accordingly, make the necessary amendments.  
5.14.   Fisheries subsidies: we would like to seize this opportunity to make clear that Mozambique 
does not provide any kind of subsidies for the fisheries sector.  
5.15.   Work permits: recognizing the relevance of strengthening measures for a conducive 
environment for invest ment and maximization of know how transfer from investors to nationals, 
the Government has been undertaking actions that aim to the review the labour legislation. In the 
same vein, the Government approved in the current year a legal framework prescribing i ssuing of 
multiple entry visas at border gate in benefit of investors.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  5.16.   Telecommunications issue: according to Law 08/2004, dated 21st July, the exclusivity rights 
of Mozambique Telecommunications state -owned company (TDM) phased out in December 2007. 
Hence , any investor can request licensing for fixed line operation in Mozambique. For example, 
MOVITEL, a private company operating since 2011, has a license to operate the fixed line.  
5.17.   Sugar surcharge: we have taken good note of the issue and it will deserve du e 
consideration.  
5.18.   On improving business environment: the improving of business environment is effectively 
one of the main challenges prescribed in the Government Plan. Under this framework, the 
Government has been working out in view to simplify the procedu res oriented to a significant 
reduction of the whole bureaucracy that hinder the well -being of the enterprises in its entire life 
cycle.  
5.19.   The main objective is to speed up the process of development of business in Mozambique, 
reduce the transactions costs and increase the competitiveness of the enterprises operating in 
Mozambique as well as the Mozambican economy as a whole.  
5.20.   Therefore, the Government strengthened the mechanism of dialogue with the private sector 
aiming at the identification of the needs in terms of reform and has been focused on the 
international competitivity indicators with special attention to the World Bank Doing Business. It is 
under that framework that various reforms were carried out with involvement of the private sector 
and support of a number of partners.  
5.21.   On corruption issue: an Anti -corruption Unit has been set up. Moreover, under the 
mechanisms of public and private dialogue, the Government has been urging the private sector to 
always report or file complaints on any action regard ed as corruption affecting business activities 
and this is part of the matrix agreed between the Government and the private sector.  
5.22.   On procurement issue: procurement regulation was approved by Decree No. 5/2016, dated 
8th March which comprises three procur ement regimes. Tenders are open for national and 
international bidders, unless the bidding documents states otherwise.  
5.23.   International bidders can also participate when certain procedures for contracting goods are 
required to meet specific contracting rules resulting from treaties and international financing.  
5.24.   We also have an exceptional regime for limited tenders, for small value tenders and 
shopping, which are restricted to national or international bidders with commercial presence in 
Mozambique, for at leas t 5 years, and registered with the National Suppliers Registry, maintained 
by the Functional Unit for Supervision of Procurement under the Ministry of Economy and Finance.  
5.25.   Requirements to obtain an investment license: in order to have an investment license , 
national and foreign persons must submit an investment project with the identification of the 
investors, the documents of the implementing company registered in Mozambique, Tax 
Identification Number in Mozambique (NUIT), lease contract of the office in M ozambique or land 
documents.  
5.26.   Besides, the minimum value of foreign direct investment resulting from the inflow of own 
capital from foreign investors is set at the equivalent of 2.5 million metical for the specific purpose 
of transfer of profits abroad and the re -exportable invested capital.  
5.27.   There are no restrictions of borrowing and payment of interest abroad. However, to afford 
those rights all the inflows must be registered in advance at the central bank.  
5.28.   On pre -shipment inspection: Mozambique is aware o f the obligations under the 
implementation of the WTO Agreement on trade Facilitation. According to the Category of this 
obligation, Mozambique falls under category "C" with not more than five years to implement it.  
5.29.   We would like to inform Members that th e list of goods subject to pre -shipment inspections 
has been significantly reduced if compared to 2009. The Government is now in the process of WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  developing a migration strategy from the current pre -shipment inspections to a risk -based 
inspection. Mozambique  is now expecting technical assistance as prescribed in the Agreement.  
5.30.   New decree on GMOs: the new regime on GMO management which aims to protect human 
health, the environment and biological diversity, applies to all public and private entities involved 
in the import, export, transit, research, discharge into the environment, handling and use of GMOs 
and their products throughout the national territory.  
5.31.   Import and export of GMOs and their products require authorization from the National 
Biosafety Authority,  and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Higher Education and Vocational 
Training is the institution that issues the necessary authorization for trading and production of 
GMO goods.  
5.32.   Differences between national and foreign investment in the agricultura l sector: according to 
the Investment Law, there is an equal treatment in carrying out those activities. The only 
difference is related to the duration of the Provisional Authorization to use the land, provided by 
the State. Provisional authorization has a  maximum duration of 5 years for nationals and 2 years 
for foreigners.  
5.33.   Operational Plan for Food Production: programmes and strategies have been developed over 
time together with important and profound reforms to increase production and productivity so tha t 
agriculture becomes competitive while at the same time attracting investments. Reforms also aim 
at developing agro -industries with a view to diversify the economic basis, as well as to increase 
export opportunities.  
5.34.   Fiscal issue: there is a legislative i nitiative in course to correct the difference in prices of 
stamps on imported and domestic alcohol beverages. We expect the new legislation will be 
approved in the current year.  
5.35.   The Decree imposes that the products subject to stamp control, when imported into 
Mozambique, must be declared already stamped, which means that they must be stamped in the 
preceding country. However, we intend to check, in future, the possibility for the seals to be 
attached in Mozambique, in bound Warehouses.  
5.36.   Negotiations with th e IMF to resume financial support: we are in close interaction with our 
development partners, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to find solutions for the 
present financial constraints we are facing.  
5.37.   Mozambique is already complying with its c ommitments deriving from hidden debts and we 
are expecting that independent audit report will be released by the middle of this month.  
5.38.   We hope solutions and appropriate mechanisms will be found in order to resume the 
financial and technical support to our programmes as soon as feasible.  
5.39.   Recent discussions after the World Bank/IMF Spring technical meeting last April indicate 
that a new programme for this assistance can still be approved this year by the IMF board.  
5.40.   The World Bank approved recently the countr y programme for the next three years.  
5.41.   Suspension of the import of meat from Brazil and chicken: Mozambique appreciates the 
measures taken by Brazil Government to reinforce the already strict inspections of meat -producing 
plants. Mozambique will look at thi s issue and take the necessary steps in order to adjust to the 
new developments.  
5.42.   Development of quality infrastructure and laboratories: the National Institute of 
Standardization and Quality (INNOQ) has made a significant improvement regarding the quality 
infrastructure. However, the testing capacity at INNOQ has not reached a level that could 
eliminate the existing barriers to export or even to protect the consumers' rights.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  5.43.   For conformity assessment, currently, INNOQ relies on governmental laboratories, mainly in 
the Ministries of Agriculture, Fishery and Universities. These laboratories have limited capacity and 
in some cases not licensed.  
5.44.   The other issue is related to geographic location. In fact, most of them are located in the 
capital Maputo. This si tuation represents a challenge mainly for SME.  
5.45.   Preferential markets: Mozambique is in the process of drafting a strategy aiming at 
maximizing the AGOA opportunities to a full extent. It is our belief that such strategy will 
contribute to Mozambique exports  and, thereby additional revenues to our economy. We are 
interacting with the U.S. Government in this regard.  
5.46.   Mozambique welcomes the encouragement to seek technical assistance and capacity 
building aimed at addressing supply -side constraints, technical ca pacity constraints, infrastructural 
challenges and notification challenges.  
5.47.   Furthermore, we appreciate the encouragement to review some of the trade related 
regulations and to bring them in line with our WTO commitments. We will consider revising the 
court costs in disputes regarding required electricity procedures.  
5.48.   To conclude, we remain open to further interactions in view of enriching our participation in 
the global trade and we will submit any other response in due time. I thank you for your kind 
attent ion. 
DISCUSSANT  
5.49.   We have come to the second and final day of the Trade Policy Review of Mozambique. I take 
this opportunity to thank the Honourable Ernesto Max Tonela, Minister of Trade and Industry of 
Mozambique for the responsive clarifications that have been provided so far to the issues that have 
been raised by Members.  
5.50.   I thank all the Members that took time off to attend this review and especially those who 
made specific interventions including the broad range of issues that were raised. It shows the 
importance of this exercise of Trade Policy Review and the degree of interest that Members have in 
the growth and development of Mozambique.  
5.51.   As you are fully aware, the trade policy review mechanism allows all of us to have a 
collective appreciation and eval uation of the full range of individual Members' trade policies and 
practices and their impact on the functioning of the multilateral trading system. It is for this reason 
that we welcome all the suggestions that have been made with the view to improving th e way in 
which business is conducted, but also to ensure compliance with the WTO obligations.  
5.52.   As we have heard from the statement and responses to the issues by the Honourable 
Minister, the Government of Mozambique has undertaken a number of regulatory and  institutional 
reforms in nearly all sectors of the economy with the view to structural transformation, 
industrialization and diversification. A number of areas have been highlighted, including by 
Mozambique national report for which they would require tec hnical assistance.  
5.53.   It is therefore important that as we encourage the Government of Mozambique to continue 
the implementation of domestic reforms, which will definitely contribute to sustainable economic 
growth and development, we call upon the internation al community to respond positively to the 
call for targeted and specific technical assistance and capacity building in the areas that have been 
highlighted by the Government of Mozambique.  
5.54.   This is what we have taken away from this review:  
i. That Mozambique i s on the right trajectory. It has a clear vision on the path that it wants to 
take. Part of which is written in its industrial policy and strategy for the period 2016 -2025 
towards structural transformation and industrialization.  
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  ii. Mozambique shall take into  account the suggestions that have been raised by Members with 
the view to achieving its domestic reform agenda including bringing its measures in line 
with its WTO obligations.  
 
iii. That in so doing, Mozambique would take advantage of, to the fullest extent p ossible, the 
special and differential treatment that is accorded to her as an LDC including in the 
implementation of all agreements to which it is a party.  
 
iv. That regional integration initiatives are an important component of Mozambique's trade 
policy and t hat in my view it would contribute to the expansion and diversification of 
export markets for Mozambique products.  
 
v. Deliberate efforts to increase production and productivity should be undertaken and thereby 
make maximum use of all the preferential treatme nt in market access that is available to 
LDCs within the WTO and beyond.  
 
vi. That rapid growth and development of Mozambique will also depend in part on the degree to 
which foreign direct investment is generated. What is equally important is the coordination 
mechanism between the private sector and f the Government that has been set up. This 
public -private dialogue mechanism should be strengthened because it provides a bridge 
and direct linkage between the two parties, where immediate solutions to problems can be 
suggested and dealt with by the competent authorities.  
 
5.55.   As I conclude, I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate Mozambique for the 
major and positive steps it has taken towards its own political and economic development.  
5.56.   May I suggest the f ollowing as I close: whereas the challenges remain many, they are not 
insurmountable. The Government might need to focus on a few specific and targeted sectors that 
would drive the economic development of the country, and Members of the WTO should also 
exercise maximum restraint in requiring LDCs such as Mozambique to undertake commitments 
that are not consistent with their level of development, financial and trade needs.  
5.57.   Last but certainly not least, once again, it has been a great honour and privilege for  me to 
have been part of this Trade Policy Review. I congratulate the Honourable Minister and his entire 
members of delegation for the manner in which they presented their country. I congratulate you, 
Madam Chair, for having conducted this successful sessi on in a most efficient manner. I thank you.  
NAMIBIA  
5.58.   As Mozambique and Namibia are both members of the Southern African Development 
Community (SADC), we share close political, diplomatic, and economic relations. In this context, 
my delegation commends the G overnment of Mozambique for honouring its regional integration 
obligations in SADC, notably the 99.6% duty free on imports extended to other SADC members 
and for ratifying the SADC Protocol on Trade in Services.  
5.59.   During the period under review, Mozambique's  macroeconomic performance had improved, 
where GDP grew by an average of 7% since the previous review in 2009. This economic 
performance was on account of a stable political climate, donor support and increased flow of 
foreign direct investment into extrac tive industries, such as coal and gas. We commend the 
Government of Mozambique for undertaking major policy drive through industrialization with a 
view to ensure economic growth, job and wealth creation.  
5.60.   Of particular interest to Namibia are Mozambique's i mpressive export revenues generated 
between 2005 to 2013. As the Secretariat notes, Mozambique increased its exports from 
US$159  million to US$1.9 billion, largely supported by mineral exports, notably aluminium, coal 
and gas.  
5.61.   Mozambique has been a Member of the WTO since August 1995 and a Member of the GATT 
since July 1992 and grants at least MFN treatment to all its trading partners and benefits from the 
special and differential treatment provided for by the WTO Agreements. We wish to commend WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  Mozambique f or ratifying the Trade Facilitation Agreement and taking the necessary steps to 
update its notification obligations in the WTO.  
5.62.   My delegation also applauds the Government of Mozambique for undertaking the necessary 
steps to update its notification obligati ons in the WTO.  
5.63.   My delegation also applauds the Government of Mozambique for undertaking the necessary 
economic reforms as we believe that this is the right direction to accelerate economic growth and 
reduce poverty.  
5.64.   Finally, Namibia is looking forward to  a continuing excellent and constructive engagement 
with Mozambique and my distinguished colleague Ambassador Pedro Commissario, who never 
stops to impress us with his leadership, humour and valuable contributions in the International 
Community of Geneva.  
GHANA  
5.65.   Ghana is delighted to participate in this trade policy review, an opportunity to peer review 
and take stock of the economic and trade reforms of a fellow member.  
5.66.   The Republic of Mozambique, as a low -income country with per capita income of about one 
third of the sub -Saharan Africa average, with an estimated 50% of the population living on less 
than US$1 a day, has seen rapid growth in its economy since the end of the civil war in 1992 with 
Real annual GDP growth averaging 8% over the past two decades and around 7% during the 
review period.  
5.67.   It is heartening to know of Mozambique's abundant energy resources, including coal, gas 
and renewable resources such as hydroelectric power, biomass, wind and sun. Some of these 
resources - hydro, coal and gas – could provide the required impetus for development.  
5.68.   In this context, as the pervasive energy gap continues in Africa, Ghana encourages 
Mozambique to tap in on its large hydroelectric potential that the Zambezi River offers, the 
estimated potential of 18,000M W, the second largest in Southern Africa, to meet its high energy 
growth of about 13%, boost its industrialization drive and for export to the sub -region, to generate 
revenue and additional economic growth that the country needs to take its people out of p overty.  
5.69.   The share of the agricultural sector, which initially fell from 35% before the end of the war 
to 24% in the early 2000s, has averaged around 26% since 2010. Agriculture, as the backbone of 
the economy, could also be harnessed to ensure food securi ty. 
5.70.   We wish to take this opportunity to express appreciation to Mozambique for the contribution 
to the coming into force of the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation, having submitted its 
Instrument of Acceptance of the Agreement on 6 January 2017, with all the Categories A, B and C 
notified. We congratulate Mozambique on the establishment of the National Committee for Trade 
Facilitation which is expected to steer the implementation of the TFA successfully.  
5.71.   We encourage Mozambique to continue its structural transformation agenda to grow the 
share of manufacturing sector, which grew from 13% in the early 1990s to 16% in the early 
2000s, as the extractive industries could not be relied upon for the needed employment creation, 
with most investment still geared t owards exploration.  
5.72.   In recent years, Mozambique has been experiencing a slowdown in its economic growth 
levels, with an average economic growth rate of 6.9% in the last seven years, partly as a result of 
the world economic situation, and partly due to the  national context. The authorities could put in 
measures to address the domestic situation for which it has control.  
5.73.   Lastly, as always, I would like to call on development partners and investors to support 
Mozambique in implementing its trade policies and strategies in targeted sectors.  
5.74.   Ghana wishes Mozambique a successful Trade Policy Review and a safe trip for the Minister 
and his delegation.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.75.   Let me first thank the delegation of Mozambique for the comprehensive overview presented 
last Wedn esday of the main developments occurred during the review period as well as for the 
statement this morning.  
5.76.   The EU welcomes the excellent and important cooperation with Mozambique. The EU is a 
major trade partner of Mozambique as well as, together with its  Member States, main donors for 
development aid in Mozambique. The 11th European Development Fund amounts to €734 million 
for the period 2014 -2020 and the development cooperation covers areas such as good 
governance, inclusive economic growth and poverty r eduction that have also been raised during 
this review.  
5.77.   The EU expresses appreciation for the replies Mozambique has provided so far and would 
also be grateful to receive replies to a few outstanding questions, notably covering Labour Law 
revision timespa n and how to improve water/electricity supply of public funded agro -industrial 
complexes.  
5.78.   The EU has also submitted two follow -up questions to clarify further certain aspects of the 
new regime for "control stamps" for alcoholic beverages and on telecommuni cation and we have 
taken good note of the statement this morning on those issues.  
5.79.   In conclusion, the EU would like to thank again the delegation of Mozambique in this 
important exercise.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.80.   The United States would like to thank the delegation of  Mozambique for answers to our 
previously submitted written questions, and to sincerely express our appreciation for the 
constructive work that went into both those answers and to overall preparation by everyone, 
including the Secretariat, for this Trade P olicy Review. Thank you as well to the Honorable Minister 
Tonela for his statement this morning addressing issues raised on Day one of the TPR and 
Ambassador Onyanga Aparr for his detailed insights as discussant.  
5.81.   The United States very much appreciates its  solid bilateral trade relationship with 
Mozambique; we follow with great interest news of economic growth, reform, and challenges 
faced. We applaud efforts to improve the business environment, reduce corruption, and reduce 
inefficiencies in government bur eaucracy. And the United States is enthusiastic about a number of 
cooperative projects and innovative partnerships centered around health, food security, protection 
of environmental heritage, increasing security, and developing commercial connections.  
5.82.   We w ould respectfully encourage the Government of Mozambique to address outstanding 
notifications here at the WTO and, as mentioned on Day one of the review, to develop an African 
Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) utilization strategy. In addition, we encourag e the 
Government to continue improving transportation infrastructure, developing the workforce, 
diversifying exports, and thoughtfully building an attractive situation for increased foreign 
investment and tourism.  
5.83.   The United States looks forward to continu ed active cooperation with Mozambique as a 
valued partner here in Geneva and elsewhere, and trust that everyone believes the TPR to be a 
valuable examination and springboard going forward. Please accept our best regards and our wish 
for safe travels to tho se returning to capital.  
THE SEPARATE  CUSTOMS  TERRITORY  OF TAIWAN,  PENGHU,  KINMEN  AND  MATSU  
5.84.   On behalf of the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, I would 
like to join others in congratulating H.E. Minister Ernesto Max Tonela and his distinguished 
delegation for Mozambique's third informative and constructive Trade Policy Review. I also wish to 
thank the discussant, Ambassador Christopher Onyanga Aparr, for his constructive remarks.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  5.85.   By the observation of Secretariat's report, some potential sectors initially or continually 
developed during the period under review. We agree with the Secretariat's point that agriculture, 
mineral and energy resources, transportation and tourism sectors will offer great potential for 
development both in  attracting foreign investment and in promoting employment in Mozambique.  
5.86.   We have noted that Mozambique's broad technical assistance needs in the area of sanitary 
and phytosanitary measures, technical regulations, testing capacity, agricultural productivit y and 
trade facilitation. Aid for Trade is needed to allow it to promote growth, reduce poverty and 
overcome the infrastructure insufficiencies. We call for additional support from the donor 
community to meet these needs and we will be happy to get specifi c details from Mozambique 
needs to express our support.  
5.87.   Regarding fitting into multilateral trading system, we pay tribute to Mozambique on the 
efforts it has undertaken to make its trade regime more open, transparent and to bring it into 
consistent with i ts WTO commitments.  
5.88.   In closing, the current global economic environment is difficult for the least developed 
countries. We strongly encourage Mozambique to continue to promote trade liberalization and 
structural reform. Thank you.  
CAMBODIA  
5.89.   On behalf of th e LDC Group, Cambodia wishes to congratulate Mozambique for the 
successful conclusion of its third Trade Policy Review and congratulates the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador Christopher Onyanga Aparr for his good remarks, as well as the WTO Secretariat 
for thei r preparation.  
5.90.   The Group highly commends Mozambique for having undertaken a number of significant 
initiatives and reforms during the period under review and for creating a more conducive trade and 
investment environment and economy. The reform targets impr ove economic and social 
development and is profitable to the population.  
5.91.   The Group also appreciates the commitment made by Mozambique in responding to the 
Members' questions and requirements.  
5.92.   The Group encourages all WTO Members to continue providing nece ssary technical 
assistance to help Mozambique fulfil its commitments.  
5.93.   The Group again congratulates the entire delegation and wishes Mozambique continued 
success in its initiatives and as part of this Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPE RSON  
6.1.  The third Trade Policy Review of Mozambique has allowed us to have a better understanding 
of Mozambique's trade and investment policies as well as the changes introduced to them since 
the previous review in 2009. Our discussion was greatly facilitated  by the constructive participation 
of the Mozambique delegation, headed by H.E. Ernesto Max Tonela, Minister of Industry and 
Trade, the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Christopher Onyanga Aparr of Uganda, and the 
31 Members who had taken the floor.  
6.2.  Since the last review, Mozambique's GDP had grown annually by around 7% on average. It 
started to slow down in 2015, and the economy now faces a number of challenges, such as 
reduced global demand and lower prices for commodity exports such as coal and natural gas, as 
well as reductions in foreign direct investment and official development assistance.  
6.3.  Some Members pointed out that Mozambique's abundant natural resources and strategic 
location would allow it to play the important role of a regional transport corridor,  thereby putting it 
in a better position to address these challenges. Economic and institutional reforms, however, 
would be key to the country's sustainable development. At this meeting, Members heard the 
Mozambique delegation explain its national strategi es, and they congratulated Mozambique on the 
progress made in various reforms which aimed at diversifying the economy, enhancing 
competitiveness, attracting investment, and improving the business environment. They noted in 
particular the enactment of Mozam bique's first Competition Law, the reform of the government 
procurement regime, the introduction of a new competition -friendly Telecommunications Law, as 
well as the promotion of economic zones and development corridors.  
6.4.  Members also appreciated the measu res that Mozambique had taken to streamline customs 
procedures, which would not only benefit foreign traders, but would also reinforce Mozambique's 
role as a trade transit corridor in the region. In particular, Members welcomed the country's 
ratification a nd implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement, as well as its introduction of a 
single electronic window for customs transactions. They urged Mozambique to also eliminate 
pre shipment inspection requirements. For those Members who had expressed con cern about 
customs broker requirements, they would be pleased to note the clarification given by Minister 
Tonela's in his concluding responding statement that the use of customs brokers is, in fact, not 
mandatory under the present legislation.  
6.5.  Regarding th e tariff regime, Members encouraged Mozambique to improve predictability and 
to keep applied tariffs within bound rates. Regarding notifications to the WTO, while Members 
noted improvement since the previous Review, they remained concerned about the absenc e of 
notification in several areas, which was a challenge acknowledged by the Mozambique delegation 
and one which it was determined to address.  
6.6.  Members also encouraged Mozambique to review some of its regulations to bring them in line 
with WTO commitments . These include, but are not limited to, regulations governing the "control 
stamps" for alcoholic beverages, the surcharges on imported sugar, indiscriminate scanning 
charges as well as cross -border charges for foreign trucks entering or transiting Mozambi que. 
6.7.  Mozambique's active participation in, and contribution to, the WTO was acknowledged by 
many Members. Highlighted in particular was Mozambique's support, as a member of both the ACP 
and the LDC groups, for the multilateral negotiations on fisheries sub sidies. Some Members would 
like to see Mozambique making further efforts to implement existing WTO Agreements, including 
the customs valuation, SPS and TBT agreements. Mozambique's ratification of its Economic 
Partnership Agreement with the EU, could, in t he view of the Mozambique delegation, help the 
country develop standards and build the capacity required for this purpose. Looking ahead, 
Members suggested that Mozambique consider participating in WTO plurilateral initiatives, such as 
the Information Tech nology Agreement and the Agreement on Government Procurement. They 
also looked forward to Mozambique's early acceptance of the amendment to the TRIPs Agreement.  
6.8.  Regarding sectoral trade policies, Members commended Mozambique for working to 
transform its ag riculture sector from subsistence to the commercial level through increasing 
productivity and product diversity. Members also noted the extensive efforts being made by WT/TPR/W/130  • Mozambique  
 
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  Mozambique to effectively manage the expanding extractive industries, and underlined the  
importance of its membership in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative.  
6.9.  Members were aware of Mozambique's needs for technical assistance and capacity building in 
order to address supply -side constraints and other challenges. Mozambique was enc ouraged to 
work closely with other WTO Members and development partners to meet these needs.  
6.10.   At this meeting, Members have benefited from the informative introductory remarks and 
comprehensive responding statement delivered by Minister Tonela. It is very e ncouraging to hear 
him say that Mozambique considers the mechanism of periodic trade policy reviews to be a key 
element of the multilateral trading system, and that the system remains a priority for the country. 
This review will conclude in a month's time,  when all outstanding questions have been answered. 
However, given the importance that Mozambique attaches to this review, I am confident that the 
extensive discussion we have had, as well as the insights shared by Members over the past two 
days will conti nue to inform the development of Mozambique's trade and trade -related policies in 
the coming years.  
__________