DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved   Kenya Standard: Pros thesis Specifications  
 
 
Part 1:  Upper limb Prosthe ses 
 
 
 
 
 
 KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS)  
  
Head Office:  P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi -00200, Tel.: (+254 020) 605490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020) 
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© KEBS 201 7                                                                                                          First Edition 201 7 
 
 KENYA S TANDARD                                  DKS 2612 -1: 2017   
© KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved  iii  
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION  
 
The following organizations represented  on the Technical Committee:  
 
1. Association for the Physically Disabled of Kenya  
2. Dokimos Construction Company.  
3. Ministry of Health  
4. National Council for Persons with Disabilities  
5. Kenya Medical Training College  
6. Kenya Society of Physiotherapists  
7. Kenyatta National Hospital  
8. National Association for Orthopaedic Technologist in Kenya  
9. Isole Engineering Works  
10. Ministry of Lands Ho using and Urban Development  
11. Association For Accessibility and Equality (AAFE)  
12. Action Network for the Disabled  
13. Skillpark Company  
14. Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat  
 
 
 
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS  
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Ken ya Standards shall be reviewed 
regularly.  Suggestions for improvements to published standards, addressed to the 
Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are welcome.  
 
 
 
 
 
© Kenya Bureau of Standards, 20 17 
Copyright.  Users are   reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 12 of 2001 of the Laws of Kenya, copyright 
subsists in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 26 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bure au of 
Standards may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing 
from the Managing Director.  
 
 
 DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved    
Foreword   
 
This Kenya Standard has been prepared by the KEBS/TC 132 Assistive Products for 
persons with Disabilities Technical Com mittee and it is in accordance with the procedures 
of the Bureau.  
 
The Standard was found necessary in ensuring the quality of Upper limb prostheses either 
manufactured locally or imported into the country. The Standard  also contain s an annex 
for special p rostheses . This is only a guide to the manufacturers, fabricators, service 
providers and users of upper limb prostheses.  
 
Upper limb prostheses are devices designed to replace a missing part of the arm that  can 
be either  functional or cosmetic. Functionall y we have two types : passives and active  
prostheses . Passive are assisted t o do different tasks and cosmetic in nature . Functional 
prosthesis enables an ampu tee to perform tasks. These can either be  electrical ly or body 
powered . 
 
The arm uses a combination  of mechanisms, inclu ding switches, movement sensors and  
force sensors that make the prosthesis move. The arm can be configured for patients with 
limb loss at the shoulder joint, mid -upper arm, or mid -lower arm, and for limb loss below 
the elbow or wrist j oint.  
 KENYA S TANDARD                                  DKS 2612 -1: 2017   
© KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved  v  
 
KENYA STANDARD  Prostheses – Specification Part:1 Upper limb Prostheses  
 
1 Scope  
This part of the stand ard specifies requirements for U pper limb Prostheses  including 
medical and Biomechanical principles, materials, shape, workmanship, finishing , 
packaging, marking , cosmesis, components parts, accessories and performance of the 
Prostheses .In addition we have also included standard for special prosthesis in the Annex  
A. 
     Application  
Upper limb P rostheses are used frequently on patients who have had Amputation of 
the hands at various levels due to various conditions especially due to accidents and 
diseases  
The Prostheses are made and fitted according to  levels  of amputations. The 
considerations when choosing Prosthesis include the following:  
 Amputation  levels  
 Contour  of the residual limb  
 Expected function of the prosthesis  
 Cognitive function of the patient  
 Occupation of the client  
 Hobbies interests of the client    
 Cosmetic importance of the prosthesis (Aesthetics)  
 Financial capacity of the client   
   KENYA STANDARD   DKS 2612: 2017  
ICS  
 2 Terminology  
For the purpose of this standard, all terms and definitions given in ISO 9999 shall apply:  
 
2.1  
Upper limb Prosthesis   
 Upper limb Prosthesis is an orthopaedic device designed to replace and aid movement to  
a missing body part.  
 
NOTE  Different professional d isciplines are crucial in prosthetic management such as 
materials engineering, gait and activity of daily living analysis, body structure and 
functions, abnormal functions, application of forces and body’s reaction to the forces and 
behavior.  
 
2.2 
Upper l imb Prostheses  
Upper limb are devices applied externally to replace the hand or missing segment of the 
arm 
 
2.3 Levels  of amputations  
 
 
There are seven levels of upper limb amputations with the following corresponding 
prostheses:  
1) Partial hand  
2) Through wri st 
3) Transradial  
4) Through elbow  
5) Transhumeral  
6) Shoulder disarticulation  
7) Inter scapula -thoracic   
KENYA STANDARD   DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
 
 
© KEBS 201 5 — All rights reserved   1 2.3.1. Partial hand  
 
  Partial hand amputation can  be replaced by fitting a client with prosthetic fingers that are 
functional and well accepted. Most of the partia l hand prosthetics are fabricated using 
silicon polymers.   
2.3.2. Through wrist  
 
 Wrist  prosthesis in extension  and flexion at the level of the distal carpal row reduce the 
forces acting on the implant anchorage. The ellipsoid articular surface configurat ion 
restricts the degree of rotational freedom to a necessary extent so that low levels of 
muscular dysbalance can be absorbed. Additional soft tissue stabilizing measures are 
possible.  
 
 DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
  © KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved  2.3.3 Transradial  
 
 
 
Below -elbow prosthetic devices are created for clients who have been amputated through 
their forearm. These prostheses can be operated by electronic parts or b y a simple 
harness system (also termed “body -power”). The harness is intimately fit ted to allow the 
user control of the prosthetic hand through other motions: moving the elbow forward, for 
example.  
 There are many types of below elbow prostheses. The type that an amputee is 
fitted  with depends on the shape, the length of the residual limb,  cosmesis, financial 
capability,  activity level, prognosis a nd individual preference. Prosthesis  is custom 
made to the person that it is being fit ted to. 
 A Below Elbow ((B E) prosthesis can be made for different purposes depending on 
the wearer. A cosmetic, or passive, prosthesis is used primarily to replace the body 
part that is missing. This promotes a healthy body image, but is also functional in 
that it can assist the so und side arm in activities such as holding or placing objects.  
 A body powered, or conventional, prosthesis uses body movements to operate the 
terminal device (hand or hook). The prosthesis is connected to the body through the 
use of cables and a harness. B y movements of the shoulders and the arms, the 
person can open and close the terminal device.  
 A myoelectric prosthesis uses muscles of the affected arm to control the opening 
and closing of the terminal device. Electrodes are fit ted within the prosthesis. By 
contracting the muscles of the arm which formerly controlled the opening and 
closing of an anatomical hand  (amputated hand ), electrical outputs are sent to a 
motor that open and close an artificial hand.  
 
2.3.4. Through Elbow  
Elbow prosthesis system pro vides an alloplastic replacement of the humeroradial joint 
through a modular radius head, which articulates with a humeral gliding surface at the 
elbow prosthesis.  
 
2.3.5 Transhumeral   DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
© KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved    3  
 
a)Levels of Transhumeral amputations                             b) Transhumeral prosthesis  
 
 
 
2.3.6 Shoulder Disarticulation Amputation  
Amputations through the shoulder ( glenohumeral and scapulothoracic articulations ) are 
uncommon.  Causes include  serious injury,  cancers,  traumatic amputations a nd Congenital 
limb deficiencies.  
The prosthesis should meet the following qualities: functional, comfort and cosmetically 
accepted. Every Prosthesis custom made for each patient  / client .  
 
3.Terminal devices for the upper limb prosthesis  
3.1 Body Powered / Conventional  
A Body Powered or Conventional  upper extremity prosthetic device is operated by a 
harness system. The harness system is contr olled by specific body movements. The 
advantages of a conventional pr osthesis is that the heavy duty construction of the device 
gives it a long life; it offers sense of feeling and feedback (proprioception ); it’s less 
expensive and lighter than myoelectric  devices; and there is a reduced cost and 
maintenance.  The disadvantage is  on its Mechanical appearance and difficult y in using it 
by some Patients / clients due to their  physical ability.  
 
3.2 Myoelectric / External Power . 
A Myoelectric  upper extremity prosthetic device is powered by a battery system and is 
controlled by  Electromyogram  (EMG ) signals generated during muscle contractions. The 
advant age of a myoelectric prosthesis is  that there is an unlimited functional envelope; it 
offers functional cosmetic restoration; It offers comfort and increased range of motion.  
3.3 Passive Functional / Cosmetic . 
A Passive Functional or Cosmetic  upper extremity prosthetic device is similar in 
appearance to the non -affected arm or hand and replaces what was lost. It provides 
simple aid in balancing and car rying. The advantages of this type of prosthesis is that they 
can be cosmetically appealing; lightweight; simple to use; there is little maintenance; they 
are great for partial hands and provides opposition.  DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
  © KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved   
3.4  Hybrid  
A Hybrid  upper extremity prosthetic device combines the use of body power and external 
power. The advantages of this system is that there is a greater functional envelope from 
the basic  body powered device; it offers reduced weight from the myoelectric device; it 
offers the greater grip force like the myoelectric;  the harness system is reduced.  
3.5 Adaptive / Recreational . 
A Recreational or Adaptive upper extremity prosthetic device is c ustomized for a specific 
function or recreational activity. There are various adaptive devices a vailable for activities 
such as  sports , leisure , occupation and Activities of daily living (ADL) . 
 
 
 
 
   4. Switch types.  
 
 A variety of motions are possible t hrough different kinds  of switching devices. Many 
switches are activated by pulling a cable or pressing a lever or button. Switches are 
designed to perform multiple functions and come in many presentations. These 
switches are Harness type, Push switch, Dep ressing switch and Multi position switch.  
Switches can be momentary (providing brief actuation while the switch is activated) or 
latching (maintaining function until the person activates the switch again).  DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
© KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved    5 
 
 
 
5. Materials  
 
An important consideration in t he design and fabrication of a limb prosthesis is the type of 
material used for its construction. Interface materials will influence the comfort of the 
socket. Structural materials will affect the strength and weight of the overall prosthesis. 
The prosthet ist has a vast array of materials to choose from in designing the optimal 
prosthesis for a particular individual.  
 
5.1. Thermoplastics   
Sheet thermoplastics are widely used in prosthetics for prosthetic interfaces as well as 
structural components. These ma terials are available in sheet form in various thickness 
and colors. The most basic types of sheet thermoplastics are polypropylene and 
polyethylene. Polypropylene (PP) is a very rigid plastic that has found several uses in 
prosthetics. PP can be reshaped or remolded.   
5.1.2 Thermosetting  
 
These are plastics and settings that become rigid when setting.  These are synthetic  
materials that strengthen during being heated but cannot be successfully remolded  or 
reheated after their initial heat forming. These is  in contrast to thermoplastics which soften 
when heat ed. 
 
5. 2 Silicone and similar materials   
 
Silicone has used as a padding material in sockets, as a means of suspension in the 
silicone suction socket (3S Iceross type) and is the material of choice when  making high 
quality cosmetic hand restorations, to name a few. This material comes in many forms , 
colours and  provides excellent padding that protects the skin from friction and abrasion.  DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
  © KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved   
5.3 Metals   
 
Metals are used in making knee joints, pylons, ankl e joints, elbow joints and wrist joints  
where movement and weight bearings are concerned . The commonly used metals include: 
Aluminum, Stainless steel, Titanium  due to their different physical and chemical properties.  
 
(These to be included in the glossary)  Aluminum, in general, is considered as a lightweight 
alternative to steel. It's not as strong but depending on the particular application it is often 
strong enough to meet the design criteria and pass the necessary testing procedures. 
Certain knees are fa bricated of aluminum, taking advantage of its light weight. Some of 
these knees are very strong and durable owing much of their strength to the geometry of 
the knee as well as the material used.  
Steel is certainly strong but it is relatively heavy. Becaus e steel is strong, it can be used to 
create small components that may rely more on the strength of the material than the 
geometry of the design. Small knee units used for endoskeletal prostheses were originally 
made of steel. The material is fairly heavy h owever very little material is needed to 
construct these knees.  
Titanium is a strong, lightweight alternative. The penalty for using titanium is higher cost. 
Many of the endoskeletal components originally designed of steel are now available in 
titanium. A s with all of the trade -offs that must be considered in choosing prosthetic 
components, one must carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages and choose 
wisely. The most expensive, strong and lightweight materials may not provide any 
discernible advant age over less exotic options if chosen inappropriately.   
 
 
5.4. Liners and Sleeves   
 
Liners  
Liners are the materials that are either made during the fabrication process to fit inside the 
socket or those materials added after the arm is in use in order to accommodate for 
shrinkage of the residuum. The commonly used liners are: pilites, silicon, stump socks  
 
Sleeves  
Sleeves are worn over the outside of the prosthesis and are used to provide suspension. 
Some common materials used for sleeves are: neoprene, si licone, latex, and urethane. 
Sleeves are worn over the prosthesis and extend onto the upper arm and below elbow 
prosthesis . 
 
5.7. Reinforcement textiles  
Reinforcement textiles are the fabrics used in a laminate to provide strength. These 
include fiberglass , nylon, Dacron, carbon, and Kevlar. These materials all have their 
advantages and disadvantages.  
 DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
© KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved    7 6. Finishing  
 
The finished prosthesis  hand should be as near normal as possible both in function , safety  
and appearance. It should be : 
a) Custom made  
b) Cosmetica lly accepted  
c) Functionally appropriate  
d) Safe to use  
 
 
7. Marking  
 
Each pre-fabricated prosthesis  shall be permanently and indelibly marked with the 
manufacturer’s name, initials or recognized trade -mark and the size.  
 
8. Packaging  
 
8.1Each pre -fabricated pr osthesis  shall be supplied with a user manual and packed using 
environmental friendly materials  as per recommendations of   kebs.  
 
8.2  Custom made prosthesis  shall have clear instructions to the user / client regarding 
the use and maintenance.  
 
 
 DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
  © KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved  9. REFERENCES .  
1. ( by   Jack E. Uellendahl, CPO)  Prosthetic Primer:  
Materials Used in Prosthetics Volume 8 · Issue5  · September/October 1998 IN 
MOTION  
2. "A Brief Review of the History of Amputations and Prostheses Earl E. 
Vanderwerker, Jr., M.D. JACPOC 1976 Vol 15,  Num 5" . 
3. "No. 1705: A 3000 -Year -Old Toe" . Uh.edu. 2004 -08-01. Retrieved 2013 -03-13. 
4. "A Brief History of Prosth etics" . In Motion : A Brief History of Prosthetics . November –
December 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2010.  
5. “History  of prosthetics”, Blatchford & sons, ltd Retrieved 16 march 2008.  
6. Pike, Alvin (May/June 1999). “The New High Tech Prostheses”. In Motion  Magazi ne 
9 (3) ^ http://www.progoandp.com/services/prosthetics/  
7. "How artificial limb is made  – Background, Raw materials, The manufacturing 
process of artificial limb, Physical therapy, Quality control" . Madehow.com. 1988 -
04-04. Retrieved 2010 -10-03. 
8. Raspopovic S1, Capogrosso M, Petrini FM et al. (Jan 2014). "Restoring natural 
sensory feedback in real -time bidirectional hand prostheses." . Sci Transl Med.  6 
(222): 222. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006820 . PMID  24500407 . 
9. 9.^ "With a new prosthetic, researchers have managed to restore the sense of 
touch for a Denmark man who lost his left hand nine years ago." , USA Today , 4:54 
p.m. EST February 5, 2014 . 
10 "Artificial hand offering immediate touch response a success" , Channelnewsasia , 
Feb 07, 2014  
11. ^Smit G, Plettenburg DH  (2010). "Efficiency of Voluntary Closing Hand and Hook 
Prostheses" . Prosthetics and Orthotics International  34 (4): 411 –427. 
doi:10.3109/03093646.2010.486390 . PMID  20849359 . Retrieved 2011 -03-11. 
12. ^ Smit, G; Bongers, RM; Van der Sluis, CK; Plettenburg, DH (2012). "Effici ency of 
voluntary opening hand and hook prosthetic devices: 24 years of development?" . 
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development  49 (4): 523 -534. 
doi:10.1682/JRRD.2011.07.0125 . PMID  22773256 . 
13. ^ Ephraim, P.L. and Dillingham, T.R. and Sector, M. and Pezzin L.E. and MacKenzie, 
E.J. (2003) Epidemiology of Limb Loss and Congenital Limb Deficiency: A Review of 
the Literature.  
14. ^Mak, A.F.T . and Zhang, M. and Boone, D.A. (2001) State -of-the-art research in 
lower -limb prosthetic biomechanicssocket interface: A review.  
15. ^ Strait, E. (2006) Prosthetics in Developing Countries . 
16. ^ Jian, Y. and Winter, D.A. and Ishac  prescribed. , M.G. and Gilchrist, L. (1993) 
Trajectory of the body COG and COP during initiation and termination of gait.  
17.  "Retrieved 14 April 2009" . Freedom -innovations.com. Retrieved 2010 -10-03. 
18. “The SLK, The Self -Learning Knee” , DAW Industries. Retrieved 16 March 2008.  
19. Marriott,  Michel (2005 -06-20). "Titanium and Sensors Replace Ahab's Peg Leg" . The 
New York Times . Retrieved 2008 -10-30. 
20.  ^ Martin, Craig W. (November 2003) “Otto Bock C -leg: A review of its effectiveness”. 
WCB Evidence Based Group  DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
© KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved    9 21. ^ Sherman, E. David (1964). "A Russian Bioelectric -Controlled Prosthesis: Report of 
a Research Team from the Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal" . Canadian Medical 
Association Journal  91 (24): 1268 –1270. PMC  1927453 . PMID  14226106 . 
22. ^ Muzumdar, Ashok (2004). Powered Upper Limb Prostheses: Control, 
Implementation and Clinical Application . Springer. ISBN  978-3-540-40406 -4. 
23. "Targeted reinnervation for enhanc ed prosthetic arm function in a woman with a 
proximal amputation: a case study". Lancet  369 (9559): 371 –80. doi:10.1016/S0140 -
6736(07)60193 -7. PMID  17276777 . 
24. ^ "Blogs: TR Editors' blog: Patients Test an Advanced Prosthetic Arm" . Technology 
Review . 2009 -02-10. Retrieved 2010 -10-03. 
25. ^ Fildes, Jonathan (9 June 2008). "Bionic hand wins top tech prize" . BBC News. 
Retrieved 25 April 2010.  
26. ^ "Touch Bionics" . Touch Bionics. Retrieved 2010 -10-03. 
27. .^ Highfield, Roger (31 May 2008). "Gripping stuff" . The Daily Telegraph  (London). 
Retrieved 25 April 2010.  
28. ^ "Bionic hand makes t op inventions list // Current" . Current.com. 2008 -11-06. 
Retrieved 2010 -10-03. 
29. .^ "Proto 1 and Proto 2" . Ric. org. 2007 -05-01. Retrieved 2010 -10-03. 
30. .^ World Premiere of Muscle and Nerve Controlled Arm Prosthesis  
31. ^ Permanently attached robotic arm, operated on mind -control  
32.  ^ Warwick,K, Gasson,M, Hutt,B, Goodhew,I, Kyberd,P, Andrews,B, Teddy,P and 
Shad,A. “The Application of Implant Technology for Cybernetic Systems”, Archives of 
Neurology , 60(10), pp1369 -1373, 2003  
33. .^ "IEEE Spectrum: Dean Kamen's "Luke Arm" Prosthesis Readies for Cli nical 
Trials" . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
  © KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved  ANNEX  A 
 
SPECIAL TYPES OF PROSTHESES . 
Even though this standard was to address the upper and lower limb prostheses it has 
been found necessary to include the following types;  
 Breast prosthesis  
 Nose prosthesis  
 Ear prosthesi s . 
 
1. Breast  prosthesis  
 
 
External breast prosthesis is an artificial breast form that can be worn after a mastectomy  
(removal  of the breast) . It helps balance the body and keeps the bra on the side of the 
mastectomy from riding up, which helps prevent b ack and neck pain and a sagging 
shoulder. Breast prostheses are custom -designed for most women.  
They are made from several different types of material (such as silicone gel, foam, and 
fiberfill) that are of similar weight and feel to natural breast tissue . Some prostheses 
adhere directly to the chest area, while others fit into pockets of mastectomy bras to hold 
the prosthesis in place. Prostheses can also be made with an artificial nipple or a spec ial 
shape depending on preferences . 
 
Types of  breast prost hetic  devices  
External silicone breast prosthesis.  This type of prosthesis is made of silicone and 
designed to model natural breast tissue. The prosthesis is designed to weigh the same as 
the natural breast to help prevent shoulder drop and poor balance.  
 
No silicone  breast prosthesis.  This prosthesis is a lightweight breast form made of foam 
or fiberfill and can be worn right after a mastectomy. It can also be worn during exercise, 
swimming, and in hot weather.  
 
Attachable breast.  An attachable breast is f astened to the chest wall using adhesive 
strips.  
 
Post  surgical soft -form camisole.  A postsurgical (after surgery) camisole is made of a 
soft, stretchy material with lace elastic straps and is often worn  immediately after a 
mastectomy.  
 
 Partial breast pro sthesis.  Also called an equalizer or enhancer, this prosthesis is made 
of foam, fiberfill, or silicone. It's de signed to be worn over a clients  own breast tissue to 
create a fuller appearance after a  part of clients breast is removed.  
 
 Being fitted for a prosthesis  DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
© KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved    11 After you have completely healed from surgery, which typically takes between four and 
eight weeks, you can be fitted for prosthesis . At the first fitting appoin tment, it's 
recommended that the clients wear  a form -fitting garment, such as a knit top, so you can 
see how the shape and size of the breast form matches the other  natural breast . With 
proper fitting, the prosthesis will not be noticeable.  
 
 Choosing breast prosthesis  
Choosing to wear breast  prosthesis is  a personal decision. Many clients select  this option 
because they want to look the same when wearing clothing as they did before their 
surgery. Prosthesis offers these advantages as well:  
 Protects your chest and surgical scars  
 Helps balance your posture  
 Keeps your bra from shifting side  to side or riding up  
 Helps prevent problems with curvature of the spine, shoulder drop and muscular 
pain in your neck and back.  
  
 
.Size and weight: S:560g/pair,16*11*5.5cm,M:600g/pair,18*12*6.8cm,  
                            L:700g/pair,18*12*6.8cm,XL:80 0g/pair,20*13*6.8cm  
Packing: 1pr/ploybag, 12prs/ctn  
.Outer carton: 2 -ply corrugated, 40*30*15cm  
  
 
Care instruction: Hand wash in cold water, Air dry. 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
  © KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved  2. Prosthetic N ose. 
 
 
This nose is for cosmetic purposes and the protection of underlying tissu e from exposure 
to possible damage. It has no capacity to breathe or smell. A person would use such a 
device if his or her natural nose were injured in an accident, destroyed or due to other 
health condition   
The anaplastologist (prosthesis maker) will tin t and detail the piece with veins, pores, and 
a skin colour  to make it more realistic.  
Silicone noses such as this one below are  light enough to be attached with adhesive and 
the outline masked with makeup.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Ear Prosthesis  
 
Silicone Ear  
If you choose to enhance your appearance with a silicone ear,  it will be fabricated using  a 
mold of  the unaffected  ear. This customized precision means that  the prosthetic will match 
the   new ear in shape , skin color, and  size of actual ear . 
There are two  types of prosthetic ears. The first adheres to the skin using safe, 
biocompatible glue, and the second type is called osteointegrated  prosthesis. If the clients 
choose  to receive an ose ointegrated prosthetic ear, the  surgeon will place several titanium 
implant posts into the bone around  the ear. The silicone ear snaps  securely onto these 
implants. Both types of prostheses are removable.  Ear prosthetics  should be removed 
before you sleep or participate in athl etic activities.  The ear should be thoroughly cleaned   
including the underlying  tissue.  Normally these prostheses  last between one and three 
years, depending on maintenance, environment, activity level, and other factors.   
Silicone ears offer  excellent non -surgical option for the treatment of microt ia (deformity  of 
the external ear) or traumatic deformity.  
DKS 2612 -1: 2017  
© KEBS 201 7 — All rights reserved    13