KENYA STANDARD                     KS 2177:  2017 
                
   
KENYA STANDARD          KS 2769 -8:2018  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout 
Test methods Part 8: Determination of the 
conventional dry material content  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
©KEBS 20 18                        First Edition  2018 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KS 2177: 2017                                                                                                            
 
ii                     © KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved  TECHN ICAL COMMITEE REPRESENTATION  
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:  
 
1. Architectural Association of  Kenya  
2. Bamburi Cement  
3. CHRYSO Eastern Africa Limited  
4. Concrete Products (K)Ltd  
5. Consumer Information Network  
6. Howards Humpreys East Africa LTD  
7. Institute of quantity surveyors of Kenya  
8. Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI  
9. Kenya Institute of Highways and Building Technology (KIHBT)  
10. Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development.  
11. National E nvironment Management Authority  
12. National Housing Corporation  
13. Technical University of Kenya  
14. University of Nairobi  
15. Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS  
 
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standar ds shall be regularly reviewed. Suggestions 
for improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, 
are welcome.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© Kenya Bureau of Standards, 20 18 
  
Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of S ection 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 12 of 2001  of the Laws of Kenya, copyright 
subsists in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 26 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bure au of 
Standards may be reproduced, stored in a ret rieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing 
from the Managing Director . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KENYA STANDARD                                  KS 2177 : 2017 
                
 © KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved            iii  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout 
Test methods Part 8: Determination of the 
conventional dry mat erial content  
 
 
 
 
KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS)  
 
Head Office:  P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi -00200, Tel.: (+ 254 020 ) 605490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020 ) 604031  
E-Mail: info@kebs.org,  Web:http://www.kebs.org   
 
Coast Region     Lake Region          Rift Valley Regio n 
P.O. Box 99376, Mombasa -80100   P.O. Box 2949, Kisumu -40100        P.O. Box 2138, Nakuru -20100  
Tel.: (+ 254 041 ) 229563, 230939/40  Tel.: (+254 057) 23549, 22396        Tel.: (+254 051) 210553, 210555  
Fax: (+254  041) 229448    Fax: (+254 057) 21814         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KS 2177: 2017                                                                                                            
 
iv                     © KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved  Foreword  
 
This Kenya Standard was revised  by the Concrete Technical Committee, under the guidance of the 
standards Projects Committee, and it is in accordance with the procedures of the  Kenya  Bureau  of 
Standards .  
This Kenya Standard is part of th e series KS 2769  Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Test 
methods which comprise  the following:  
 
— Part 1: Reference concrete and reference mortar for testing  
 
— Part 2: Determination of setting time  
 
— Part 4: Determination of bleeding of concrete  
 
— Part 5: Determination of capillary absorption  
 
— Part 6: Infrared analysis  
 
— Part 8: Determination of the conventional dry material content  
 
— Part 10: Determination of water soluble chloride content  
 
— Part 11: Determination of air void characteristi cs in hardened concrete  
 
— Part 12: Determination of the alkali content of admixtures  
 
— Part 13: Reference masonry mortar for testing mortar admixtures  
 
— Part 14: Determination of the effect on corrosion susceptibility of reinforcing steel by potentiosta tic 
Electro -chemical  test 
 
— Part 15: Reference concrete and method for testing viscosity modifying admixtures  
 
This standard is applicable together with the standards of the series KS 2770  Admixtures for concrete, 
mortar  and grout.  
 
. 
 
                          KS 2177: 
2017  
 
 
© KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved         
      5 
 BRITISH STANDARD  
KENYA  STANDARD                       KS 2769 -8:2018  
 
Admixtures for concrete, mortar a n d  g r o u t  T e s t  
methods Part 8: Determination of the conventional dry 
material content  
 
1. Scope  
This Standard describes a method for determining the conventional dry material content of an admixture.  
2. Principle  
A sample of admixture is dried in an oven at (105 + 3) °C until a constant weight is reached.  
In the case of a liquid admixture this method shall be used to characterize the dry material content. For a 
powder admixture this method shal l be used to determine the actual mass of the dried powder.  
NOTE  This method is not suitable for determining the absolute solids content.  
3. Apparatus  
3.1. Weighing bottle, squat form, wide -mouthed with ground glass stopper or evaporating basin with 
a flat bottom and approximately 75 mm diameter X 45 mm depth.  
 
3.2. Desiccator, containing an efficient desiccant.  
 
3.3. Drying Oven with forced ventilation, thermostatically controlled at (105 + 3) °C, fitted with a 
temperature indicating device.  
The required temperature range s hall be maintained throughout all parts of the oven used for this test.  
 NOTE  Forced ventilation is necessary to ensure uniform temperature throughout the oven.  
3.4. Balance, with a resolution of 0.5 mg.  
 
4.  Procedure  
Heat the weighing bottle with the stopper rem oved, or the evaporating basin, for at least one hour in a 
drying oven at (105 + 3) °C. After cooling for 30 min in a desiccator weigh the weighing bottles  with 
stopper inserted, or the evaporating basin.  Repeat this procedure until the mass of  the vessel  is 
constant within   a range  of  1 mg.  
Spread (2.0 + 0.2) g of the sample in a uniform layer   on the  bottom  of the vessel and weigh  to the 
nearest 1 mg).  
NOTE 1 In order to obtain reproducible results it is essential that the mass of the dried residue or of the dried powder will be 
significant in relation to the mass of the vessel and the mass of the sample.  
Heat the weighing bottle and contents and the stopper with stopper removed, or the evaporating basin 
and contents, in the oven at (105 + 3) °C for a minimum of 1 h. Insert the stopper and transfer the 
weighing bottle, or evaporating basin, to the desiccator. Allow to cool in the desiccator with the stopper 
removed. Insert the stopper and weigh the weighing bottle, or evaporating basin, to the nearest  1 mg. 
Repeat the heating for at least 30 min, allow to cool in the desiccator and again weigh to the nearest 1 
mg. Repeat the heating and cooling until two successive weighings differ by no more than 2 mg. Record 
the lower mass.  
 KS 2177: 2017  
            
                              © KEBS 2017 — All rights 
reserved  6 Repeat the weighing and d rying procedure using a fresh specimen from the same sample in order to 
obtain duplicate results.  
Note  2 If this test method is not suitable; the manufacturer should specify a documented alternative test method (see KS 2770 -1) 
5. Results  
The following formula  shall be used to calculate the results:  
Dry material content  = 
  
R is the mass of the residue in grams;  
M is the mass of admixture in grams;  
X is the dry material content in percent by mass.  
For an average dry material content ≤ 20 % the difference between the  two results  shall not exceed 
average dry material content multiplied by 0.04. For an average dry material content > 20 % the 
difference between the two results shall not exceed 0.80 % by mass.  
If these differences are exc eeded duplicate tests shall be repeated until the results agree within the 
maximum permitted difference.  
6. Test report  
This shall include at least the following:  
a) a reference to this document ( KS 2769 -8); 
 
b) name or code of admixture tested (with information r elated to its marking);  
 
c) date of the test;  
 
d) name of the laboratory;  
 
e) name of the operator;  
 
f) type of vessel in which specimens dried;  
 
g) origin of the sample and date when taken;  
 
h) dry material content as mean of duplicate test results to 0.1 % by mass.