FINAL DRAFT UGANDA 
STANDARD  
  FDUS 946
First Edition
2011-mm-dd
 
 
 Reference numbe r
FDUS 946: 2011
© UNBS 2011 
  
Specification for biodiesel fuel as used for blending with 
automotive gas oil 
 FDUS 946: 2011 
ii © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations 
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2011  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in cluding photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to 
The Executive Director 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
P.O. Box 6329 
Kampala  
Uganda 
Tel: 256 414 505 995 
Fax: 256 414 286 123 
E-mail: unbs@infocom.co.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  FDUS 946:2011 
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  iii
 Contents Page 
Foreword ...................................................................................................................... ....................................... v  
1  Scope ......................................................................................................................... ............................. 1  
2 Normative re ferences ........................................................................................................ .................... 1  
3  Terms and de finitions ......................................................................................................... .................. 2  
4  Requirements ............................................................................................................................... .......... 3 
4.1  General ....................................................................................................................... ............................ 3  
4.2  Physical and chem ical properties .............................................................................................. ......... 3 
5  Methods of  test ............................................................................................................... ....................... 4  
6  Packing and labelling ......................................................................................................... ................... 6  
6.1  Packing ....................................................................................................................... ............................ 6  
6.2  Labelling ..................................................................................................................... ............................ 6  
7  Placarding .................................................................................................................... .......................... 7  
Annex A (normative)  Precision data ................................................................................................................ 8  
Annex B (normative )  Placarding ............................................................................................... ....................... 9  
B.1 Scope ......................................................................................................................... ............................. 9  
B.2 Definitions and abbrevia tion .................................................................................................. .............. 9  
B.2.1 Definiti ons ................................................................................................................... ........................... 9  
B.2.2 Abbrevia tion .................................................................................................................. ......................... 9  
B.3 Vehicles requir ing placar ding ................................................................................................. ........... 10  
B.4 Emergency instructions......................................................................................................... ............. 10  
B.5 Placarding of vehicles......................................................................................................... ................ 10  
B.5.1 General requ irements .......................................................................................................... ............... 10  
B.5.2 Placards for rigid vehicles, semi-trailers and trailers ...................................................................... 10  
B.5.3 Placards for c ontainers ....................................................................................................... ............... 10  
B.6 Responsibility fo r placar ding ................................................................................................. ............ 10  
B.7 Requirements fo r the pl acard .................................................................................................. .......... 10 
B.7.1 Placard design ................................................................................................................ ..................... 10  
B.7.2 Placard dimensions ............................................................................................................................. 1 1 
B.7.3 Placard colours ............................................................................................................................... ..... 11 
B.7.4 Placard zo nes ................................................................................................................. ..................... 11  
B.7.4 Telephone number zone ......................................................................................................... ............ 12  
B.7.5 Placard constr uction .......................................................................................................... ................. 12  
B.7.6 Low-hazard triangle ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 
B.8 Placard sy mbols ............................................................................................................... ................... 13  
B.8.1 General ....................................................................................................................... .......................... 13  
B.8.2 Environmental hazard symbol ................................................................................................... ........ 13 
B.8.3 Slippery haza rd symbol ........................................................................................................ .............. 14  
Annex C (normative)  Correction factor fo r calculation of dens ity of biodiesel ........................................ 15  
Annex D  (normative)   Sampling and compliance with th is standard ........................................................ 16  
D.1 Sampling ...................................................................................................................... ........................ 16  
D.1.1 General ....................................................................................................................... .......................... 16  
D.1.2 Definiti ons ................................................................................................................... ......................... 16  
D.1.3 Samples for inspection and testing ................................................................................................... 16  
D.2 Compliance with th is standard ................................................................................................. ......... 16 
Annex E (normative)  Determination of fuel f ilter blocking potential of Biodiesel (B100) Blend 
Stock by cold soak la boratory filtration ...................................................................................... ...... 17 
E.1  Scope ......................................................................................................................... ........................... 17  FDUS 946: 2011 
iv © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 E.2  Terms, definitions and abbrev iations .......................................................................................... ......17 
E.3  Summary of te st method ........................................................................................................ .............17  
E.4  Significance and use .......................................................................................................... .................17  
E.5  Apparatus ..................................................................................................................... ........................18  
E.5.1 Filtration system ............................................................................................................. .....................18  
E.5.2 Other appa ratus ............................................................................................................... ....................18  
E.6  Reagents and materials ........................................................................................................ ..............19  
E.6.1 Purity of reagents ............................................................................................................ ....................19  
E.6.2 Flushing fl uids ............................................................................................................... ......................19  
E.6.3 Liquid or powder detergent .................................................................................................... ............19  
E.7  Preparation of apparatus and sample cont ainers ............................................................................20  
E.8  Sampling ...................................................................................................................... .........................20  
E.9  Preparation of glass fiber filter ...........................................................................................................21  
E.10 Procedure ..................................................................................................................... ........................21  
E.11 Reporting ..................................................................................................................... .........................21  
E.12 Precision an d bias ............................................................................................................ ...................22  
E.12.1 Precision ..................................................................................................................... ..........................22  
E.12.2 Bias .......................................................................................................................... .............................22  
Annex F (informative)  Calc ulation of i odine value ............................................................................ ...........23  
F.1  Scope ......................................................................................................................... ...........................23  
F.2  Definiti on .................................................................................................................... ..........................23  
F.3  Procedure ..................................................................................................................... ........................23  
F.4  Expression of the result ...................................................................................................... ................24  
Annex G  (informative)   Quality verifi cation of automotive biodiesel fuel .................................................25  
Bibliography .................................................................................................................. ....................................26  
 
 FDUS 946:2011 
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  v
 Foreword 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry  of Tourism, Trade and 
Industry established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda.  UNBS is mandated to co-ordinate the 
elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex A limentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT/SPS Agr eements of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). 
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a gi ven field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academician s, manufacturers, governme nt and other stakeholders. 
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committ ee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
Committee membership 
The following organisations were represented on the Technical Committee for Petroleum Standards UNBS/TC 
16, in the preparation of this standard: 
• African Power Initiative 
• CONSENT 
• Engen (U) Ltd 
• Government Analytical Laboratory 
• Kakira Sugar Limited 
• Kyambogo University, Department of Chemistry 
• Makerere University, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 
• Makerere University, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology 
• Makerere University, College of Natu ral Sciences, Department of Chemistry 
• Ministry Of Energy and Mineral Development 
• Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry 
• National Environmental Management Authority 
• Petrocity Enterprises (U) Ltd 
• Shell (U) Ltd 
• Tapuz Group 
• Tullow Uganda Operations Pty Ltd 
• Uganda Industrial Research Institute  
• Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
• Uganda Revenue Authority 
• Uganda Motor Vehicle Dealers and Importers’ Association FINAL DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD FDUS 946: 2011
 
© UNBS 2011 rved 1
  – All rights reseSpecification for biodiesel fuel as used for blending with 
automotive gas oil  
1 Scope 
This Final Draft Uganda Standard specifies requirem ents and methods of sampling and testing for 100 % 
biodiesel as marketed and delivered to be used as a bl end component for automotive fuel for diesel engines. 
This standard applies to the blend of biodiesel and automotive gas oil to be used for automotive diesel 
engines, as in heavy commercial vehicles, diesel engi ne vehicles and tractors. It does not cover diesel fuel 
used in industrial burners or stationary diesel engines 
NOTE The standard for automotive fuel for diesel engines is US EAS 177. 
2 Normative references 
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies. 
ASTM D1160, Standard test method for distillation of pet roleum products at reduced pressure  
ASTM D4057, Standard practice for manual sampling of petroleum and petroleum products  
ASTM D5452, Standard test method for particulate contaminati on in aviation fuels by laboratory filtration  
ASTM D6584 , Standard test method for determination of to tal monoglyceride, total diglyceride, total 
triglyceride, and free and total glycerin in b-10 0 biodiesel methyl esters by gas chromatography  
EN 116, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determ ination of cold filter plugging point  
EN 12662, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of contamination in middle distillates  
EN 14103, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl este rs (FAME) —Determination of ester and linolenic 
acid methyl ester contents  
EN 14104, Fat and oil derivatives —Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — Determination of acid value 
EN 14105, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl es ters (FAME) — Determination of free and total 
glycerol and mono-, di- and triglyceride content (Reference method) 
EN 14106, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — Determination of free glycerol content 
EN 14107, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) —Determination of phosphorus content 
by inductively coupled plasma (IPC) emission spectrometry  
EN 14108, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — Determination of sodium content by atomic absorption spectrometry  
EN 14109, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — Determination of potassium content 
by atomic absorption spectrometry  
2 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 EN 14110, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl este rs (FAME) — Determination of methanol content  
EN 14111, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — Determination of iodine value 
EN 14112, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — Determination of oxidation stability 
(accelerated oxidation test)  
EN 14331, Liquid petroleum products, separation and characterization of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from 
middle distillates, liquid chromatography  (LC)/ gas chromat ography(GC) method  
ISO 2160, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper — Copper strip test 
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liqui ds — Determination of kinematic viscosity and 
calculation of dynamic viscosity  
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling  
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling  
ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Labor atory determination of density or relative 
density — Hydrometer method  
ISO 3679, Determination of flash point — R apid equilibrium closed cup method  
ISO 3987, Petroleum products — Lubricating oils an d additives — Determination of sulfated ash 
ISO 4259, Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test 
ISO 5165, Petroleum — Diesel fuels — Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels — Cetane engine 
method 
ISO 10370, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue — Micro method  
ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-tube 
method  
ISO 12937, Petroleum products — Determination of water — Coulometric Karl Fisher titration method  
ISO 13759, Petroleum products — Determination of alkyl ni trate in diesel fuels — Spectrometric method  
ISO 14596, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content — Wavelength-dispersive X-ray 
fluorescence spectrometry ISO 20846, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels — Ultraviolet 
fluorescence method ISO 20884, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels — Wavelengths —
dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry  
3 Terms and definitions 
For the purposes of this standard, the fo llowing terms and definitions shall apply.  
3.1 
additive 
compound added to the biodiesel fuel to improve either t he performance of the biodiesel  or its storage stability 
or both  FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  3
  946: 2011 
3.2 
biodiesel 
fuel comprised of mono alkyl esters of long chain fa tty acids derived from vegetable oils and animal fats 
,designated B100 
3.3 
biodiesel blend blend of biodiesel fuel  with diesel fuel oils 
3.4 
biodiesel fuel 
synonym for diesel 
3.5 placard 
flat panel suitable for attaching to a vehicle and designed and constructed in accordance with the dimensions 
specified under Annex B 
3.6 feedstock 
primary material introduced into a plant for processing  
3.7 GVM 
Gross Vehicle Mass 
4 Requirements 
4.1 General 
4.1.1  The automotive biodiesel fuel shall contain, prin cipally, mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids 
derived from animal fats or vegetable oil. 
4.1.2  Suitable fuel additives without known adverse side effects may be used to help avoid deterioration of 
driveability and emissions control durability. Other technica l means that exhibit an effect equivalent to that of 
the additives can also be used. 
NOTE The additives added shall  not deter any of the quality parameter specifications of biodiesel given in column 2 
of Table 1 out of the given ranges but shall serve the purpose for which they are intended. 
4.1.3  The fuel may contain small quantities of colouring materials which are documented as harmless to 
give it a distinctive colour as recommended by the approving authority. 
4.1.4  The fuel shall be clear, uniform and free of visible water, sediment, suspended matter and any other 
contaminant that is documented as likely to cause ma lfunctioning of the automobile engines e designed to use 
this type of fuel,  as a blend.  
4.2 Physical and chemical properties 
The fuel shall comply with all the requirements given in Table 1. 
NOTE 1 In case of a need for identification of biodiesel, it is recommended that a method based on the characterization 
of fatty acid methyl esters by LC/GC, in accordance with EN 14331, be used. 
NOTE 2 In case of a need to identify the source oil of biodie sel, the iodine value of the biodiesel can be calculated by 
the method presented in Annex F.  
4 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 5 Methods of test 
5.1 For all tests, use samples taken in accordance with Annex D. 
5.2 For all properties, use the applicable test method or, when relevant, one of the applicable test methods 
listed in column 3 of Table 1. 
5.3 The limiting value for the carbon residue given in Table 1 is based on product prior to the addition of 
ignition improver, if used. The use of additives d oes not exempt the manufacturer from meeting the 
requirement of maximum 0.30 % mass fraction of carbon residue. 
5.4 For precision and dispute, the following shall be adhered to: 
a) all test methods referred to in this national st andard include a precision statement according to ISO 
4259. In cases of dispute, use the procedures described in ISO 4259 for resolving the dispute, and 
interpretation of the results based on the test method precision shall be used. However, the methods currently available for total contamination, ester content, tri-glyceride content, free glycerol and 
alkaline metals (total of Na and K) do not   meet the 2R requirement of ISO 4259 at the limit in Table 
1; 
b) test methods for petroleum products may contain precision data specific to these products. When the 
same methods are used to test biodiesel fuel, the pr ecision data might differ; such data are given in 
Annex A; 
c) in cases of dispute concerning density, use IS O 3675 with the determination carried out at 15 °C; 
NOTE Available conversion tables are not applicable to biodiesel.  
d) in cases of dispute concerning free glyc erol, the reference method is EN 14105; and 
e) for the determination of Cetane Nu mber alternative methods may also  be used in cases of dispute, 
provided that these methods are validated and originate from a recognized method series. FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  5
  946: 2011 
Table 1 — Requirements for automotive biodiesel fuel 
1  2 3 
Property  Requirements Test Method 
Units Lower limits Upper limit  
Ester contenta),  % mass 
fraction 96.5b)  EN 14103 
Density at 15 °Cc)  kg/m3 860 900 ISO 3675,  
ISO 12185 
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °Cd)  mm2/s 3.5 5.0 ISO 3104 
Flash point,  °C 93  ISO 3679e) 
Alcohol control, One of the following shall be met 
• Methanol content: 
• Flash point  
Mass % 
ºC  
 
130  
0.2  
Sulfur content,  mg/kg  10.0 ISO 20846 
ISO 20884 
Carbon residue (on 10 % distillation residue)f)  % mass 
fraction  0.3 ISO 10370 
 
Cetane Numberg),   51.0  ISO 5165 
Sulfated ash content,  % mass 
fraction  0.02 ISO 3987 
Water content,  % mass 
fraction  0.05 ISO 12937 
 
Total contaminationh),  mg/kg  24 EN 12662 
ASTM D 5452 
Copper strip corrosion (3 h at 50 °C), rating,  rating,  Class 1 ISO 2160 
Oxidation stability, at 110 °C h 6  EN 14112 
Acid value,  mg 
KOH/g  0.5 EN 14104 
Iodine value,   g of 
iodine/1
00 g of 
FAME  140 EN 14111 
Linolenic acid methyl ester,   % mass 
fraction  12 EN 14103 
Polyunsaturated (> = 4 double bonds) methyl estersi),  % mass 
fraction  1 - 
Methanol contentl),  % mass 
fraction  0.2 EN 14110 
Monoglyceride content,  % mass 
fraction  0.8 EN 14105 
Diglyceride content  % mass 
fraction  0.2 EN 14105 
Triglyceride contentj  
 % mass 
fraction  0.2 EN 14105  
6 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 Free glycerolj) % mass 
fraction  0.02 ASTM  D6584 
Total glycerol % mass 
fraction  0.25 ASTM D6584 
Group I metals (total of Na and K)k) mg/kg  5.0 EN 14108, EN 
14109 
Group II metals (total of Ca and Mg)  mg/kg  5.0 EN 14538 
Phosphorus content  mg/kg  10.0 EN 14107 
Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)  °C  + 3 EN 116 
Cloud Point °C Reportm) Reportm) ASTM  D 2500 
CSFT s  360 Annex E 
a) See 5.4 a) 
b) The addition of non-fatty acid methyl esters component s other than additives is not allowed (see 4.1.1). 
c) Density may be measured by ISO 3675 over a range of temperatures  from 20 °C to 60 °C. A temperature correction shall be made 
according to the formula given in annex C [see 5.4b)]. 
d) If CFPP is −20 °C or lower, the viscosity measured at - 20 °C shall not exceed 48 mm2/s. In this case, ISO 3104 is applicable without 
the precision data owing to non-Newtonian behaviour in a two-phase system. 
e) A 2 mL sample and apparatus equipped with a thermal detection device shall be used. 
f) ASTM D 1160 shall be used to obtain t he 10 % distillation residue (see 5.3). 
g) See 5.4e). 
h) Pending development of a suitable method, EN 12662 shall be used. The precision of EN 12662 is, however, poor for biodiesel hen ce 
the inclusion of ASTM D5452. Total contamination is a result of particulate matter that may arise due to use of acid catalyst a nd waste 
cooking oil as feedstock when used.. 
i) Suitable test method to be developed. 
)j See 5.4a) and 5.4d). 
k) See 5.4.a). See Annex A for precision data for the total of Na and K. 
l). It is envisaged that methanol will be the alcohol of choice for biodiesel production. 0.2% vol of  any alcohol shall be enfor ced. See Note 
below for alcohol control and flash point. 
m) The cloud point of biodiesel is generally higher than automotive gas oil and should be taken into consideration when blending.  
NOTE Flash point is specified at a mini umum of 93 ºC . Alcohol control is to limit the level of unreacted alcohol 
remaining in the finished fuel. This can be measured directly by the volume percent alcohol or indirectly through a high 
flash point value. The flash point specific ation when used for alcohol control for biodiesel is intended to 100 ºC minimum, 
which has correlated to 0.2 vol % alcohol. Due to high variability with Test Method D93 as the flash point approaches 100 
°C, the flash point specification has been set at 130 °C  minimum to ensure an actual value of 100°C minimum.  
6 Packing and labelling  
6.1 Packing 
Except when transported in bulk, the biodiesel shall be packed in sound, clean, dry drums not deleteriously 
affected by the biodiesel. The drums shall be so closed  that leakage and contamination of the biodiesel is 
prevented during normal handling and transport. 
6.2 Labelling 
The following information shall appear in prominent, legi ble and indelible marking on each drum or, in the case 
of biodiesel filled in bulk storage tanks or bulk carri ers, in the storage and consignment documents of each 
bulk carrier: 
a) the manufacturer’s (or the supplier’s) name and address; FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  7
  946: 2011 
b) the brand name of the product; 
c) description of the product, that is, “BIODIESEL FUEL – PURE”; 
d) batch number identification; and e) quantity of the contents. 
The materials and safety data sheets for the biodiesel fuel shall be provided. 
7 Placarding 
Where biodiesel is transported in road tankers or vehi cles carrying portable tanks that exceed 3 500 kg GVM, 
placarding shall comply with t he requirements under Annex B. 
  
8 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 Annex A 
(normative)  
 
Precision data 
Table A.1 — Table of precision data 
1 2 3 
Property Test method Data for pure FAMEa), b), c) 
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C  ISO 3104  r = 0.0011X 
R = 0.018X  
Sulfur content, mg/kg  ISO 20846 ISO 20884 
 r = 0.0285X + 2 R = 0.1088X + 2 r = 0.026X + 1.356 R = 0.0567X + 1616
 
Distillation, °C  ASTM D 1160  r = 2.0 R = 3.0 (90 % volume fraction distilled)
 
Cetane Number  ISO 5165  r = 2.4 R = 5.0 
 
Sulfated ash content, % mass fraction  ISO 3987  r = 0.06X0.85
 
R = 0.142X0.85
 
 
Total contamination, mg/kg  EN 12662d r = 2.24 R = 13.6
 
Total of Na and K, mg/  EN 14108 EN 14109
 r = -0.017X + 0.512 R = 0.305X + 1.980
 
a r is the repeatability in accordance with ISO 4259. 
b R is the reproducibility in accordance with ISO 4259. 
c X is the mean of two results being compared. 
d The precision of EN 12662 is poor for biodiesel . FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  9
  946: 2011 
Annex B  
(normative) 
 
Placarding 
B.1 Scope 
This annex covers the requirements for the placarding of, and documentation for, road tankers or vehicles 
carrying portable tanks  carrying biodiesel that exceed 3 500 kg GVM. The information on the placards and 
documents is intended for the use of emergency services  when there are large spills that could present an 
environmental or road user hazard in the short term . 
B.2 Definitions and abbreviation 
B.2.1 Definitions 
For the purposes of this standard the following terms and definitions apply. 
B.2.1.1 
heavy goods vehicle 
vehicle with a GVM of 3 500 kg and above 
B.2.1.2 
incident 
unplanned event during transportation which involves leakage or spillage, or risk thereof 
B.2.1.3 
large spill 
spill of sufficient quantity to cause the identified hazard 
B.2.1.4 
low-hazard triangle 
equilateral triangle with each side of length 350 mm with corners accented in black and incorporating a symbol 
illustrating the potential haza rd associated with spillage of the material (see B.8) 
B.2.1.5 
operator 
person responsible for the use of a motor vehicle 
B.2.1.6 
placard 
flat panel suitable for attaching to a vehicle, and desi gned and constructed in accordance with the dimensions 
specified in this standard 
B.2.2 Abbreviation 
GVM 
gross vehicle mass   
10 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 B.3 Vehicles requiring placarding 
All heavy goods vehicles transporting biodiesel fuel in bul k or containment units in excess of 1 000 kg, or 1 
000 L where applicable, shall carry the emergency information in compliance with the requirements of this 
annex. Bulk transport may be in the form of fixed tanks,  portable tanks, or open or closed load bed trucks. 
B.4 Emergency instructions 
Vehicles that fall within the scope of B.3 shall be supp lied with a document containing written instructions to 
the driver on the form of action to ta ke in the case of an incident where sp illage of the load occurs. In addition 
to the instructions to the driver, this document s hall provide the name, address and telephone number(s) of 
the operator. In the event of an incident, the driver s hall provide the written instructions to the emergency 
services when requested to do so. 
B.5 Placarding of vehicles 
B.5.1 General requirements 
Vehicles that fall within the scope of clause B.3 shal l be fitted with low-hazard placards (see B.8) in 
accordance with the requirements of clause B.6. 
B.5.2 Placards for rigid vehicles, semi-trailers and trailers 
Three placards in accordance with B.8 shall be so affix ed to each cargo containment area of a rigid vehicle, 
semi-trailer, or trailer, one at the rear and one on each side of the vehicle, as to be clearly visible from the 
roadside. 
B.5.3 Placards for containers 
In the case of vehicles carrying cont ainers, the containers themselves sha ll be placarded on four sides, so as 
to be clearly visible from the roadside and from the rear of the vehicle at all times. 
B.6 Responsibility for placarding 
The consignor shall provide the operator with the plac ards, or with the information on the correct placard and 
low-hazard symbol to be used with the goods offered for tr ansport. It shall be the duty of the operator to obtain 
the placards and to ensure that they are displayed correctly on the vehicle. 
B.7 Requirements for the placard 
B.7.1 Placard design 
A placard shall be divided into four information zones as shown in Figure B.1. FDUS  946: 2011 
 
Figure B.1 — Placard design 
Key 
1 "LOW HAZARD" indication zone 
2 Hazard description zone 
3 Telephone number zone 
4 Hazard identification zone 
B.7.2 Placard dimensions 
The dimensions of the zones shall be those shown in Figure B.1. 
B.7.3 Placard colours 
The placard shall have black lines of width 10 mm on a white background. All text and symbols used within 
the placard zones (see B.7.1 and B.7.4) shall be in black on a white background. 
B.7.4 Placard zones 
B.7.4.1 "LOW HAZARD" zone 
The "LOW HAZARD" zone, identified in F igure B.1, shall contain the words "LOW HAZARD" in black letters of 
height at least 50 mm. 
B.7.4.2 Hazard description zone 
The hazard description zone shall contai n one or more words that describe  the type of low hazard that could 
be caused when a spillage of the substance occurs, fo r example “Pollutant”, “Slippery when wet”, etc. 
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  11
  
12 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 B.7.4 Telephone number zone 
B.7.4.3.1 Telephone number for road tankers and bulk carriers 
The telephone number zone shall contain one or two te lephone numbers, one of which shall be a landline, 
preceded by the area code. The telephone number(s) shall be that/those of the operator, or of the premises 
from which the operator's business is conducted, wher e details of the cargo and of the route of the vehicle 
shall be available on a 24 h basis. 
B.7.4.3.2 Telephone number for ve hicles transporting containers 
This space on the placard may be left blank if the rele vant telephone number(s) of the operator appear(s) on 
both doors of the vehicle. B.7.4.4 Hazard identification zone 
The hazard identification zone shall display the low-hazard  triangle containing the relevant symbol (see B.8) 
associated with spillage of the goods being carried. The word "SPILLAGE" shall appear between the base of 
the low-hazard triangle and the lower border of the placard (see Figure B.1). 
B.7.5 Placard construction 
The placard shall be so constructed and mounted that no distortion occurs when it is exposed to normal 
operating forces encountered during transport. 
B.7.6 Low-hazard triangle 
The low-hazard triangle shall consist of an equilateral triangle with each side of length 350 mm, in accordance 
with the design shown in Figure B.2. FDUS  946: 2011 
 
Figure B.2 — Low hazard triangle 
B.8 Placard symbols 
B.8.1 General 
The low-hazard symbols (see note below) shall consist of  pictograms, as shown in Figure B.3 and Figure B.4 
enclosed in triangles (see B.7.6) and shall be rendered in black on a white background. 
The environmental hazard symbol (see B.8.2) shall be used in all cases, exc ept where it is known that  the  
spillage of biodiesel as depicted by the symbol in  B.8.3 shall pose a more immediate danger . 
NOTE The symbols are representative of the type of hazard posed by a large spill, but are not limiting in scope. 
B.8.2 Environmental hazard symbol 
The environmental hazard symbol shall be used when a bi odiesel spill will pose a thre at of a temporary nature 
to any ecological system, for example water pollution that would endanger aquatic life. 
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  13
  
14 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 
 
Figure B.3— Environmental hazard symbol 
B.8.3 Slippery hazard symbol 
The slippery hazard symbol shall be used when biodiesel sp ills, resulting in slippery road conditions that could 
lead to accidents. 
 
Figure B.4 — Slippery hazard symbol FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  15
  946: 2011 
Annex C 
(normative) 
 
Correction factor for calculation of density of biodiesel 
The following equation shall be used for the ca lculation of density of biodiesel at 15 °C: 
ρ (15) = ρ(T) + 0,723 ( T − 15) 
where 
ρ (15)  is density of biodiesel at 15 °C; 
ρ (T) is density at any other temperature in the range of 20 °C to 60 °C; and 
T is any temperature in the range of 20 °C to 60 °C  
16 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 Annex D  
(normative)  
 
Sampling and compliance with this standard 
D.1 Sampling 
D.1.1 General 
The sampling procedure(s) given in D.1.3 shall be appli ed in determining whether a lot complies with the 
relevant requirements of this st andard. The samples so drawn shall be deemed to represent the lot. 
D.1.2 Definitions 
D.1.2.1 
defective test sample of the biodiesel that fails in one or more re spects to comply with the relevant requirements of this 
standard 
D.1.2.2 
lot 
that quantity of biodiesel in cont ainers bearing the same brand name or trade mark, grade designation and 
batch identification, from one manufacturer, and s ubmitted at any one time for inspection and testing 
D.1.3 Samples for inspection and testing 
After checking for compliance with the relevant requi rements of 6.1 and 6.2, use the relevant sampling 
procedure given in ISO 3170 or ISO 3171 (or both), as appropriate, to determine whether a lot complies with 
this standard, and deem the samples so taken to represent the lot for the respective properties. Particular attention shall be paid to compliance with any guidance on sampling containers, which is included in the test 
method standard 
D.2 Compliance with this standard 
The lot shall be deemed to comply with the relevant requirements of this standard if, on inspection of the 
containers in the lot, and on testing of the samples taken in accordance with D.1.3, no defective is found. FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  17
  946: 2011 
Annex E 
(normative) 
 
Determination of fuel filter blocking  potential of Biodiesel (B100) Blend 
Stock by cold soak laboratory filtration 
E.1 Scope 
E.1.1 This test method covers the determination by filtrati on time after cold soak, of the suitability for a 
Biodiesel (B100) Blend Stock for blending with aut omotive gas oil to provide adequate low temperature 
operability performance to at least t he cloud point of the finished blend. 
E.1.2  The interim precision of this test method has been determined. 
E.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as  the standard. The values given in parentheses are 
for information only. 
E.2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 
E.2.1  
bond  
to connect two parts of a system elec trically by means of a conductive wi re to eliminate voltage differences 
E.2.2  
ground  
to connect electrically with earth 
E.2.3   
filtered flushing fluids  
either of two solvents, heptane or 2, 2,4–trimethylpentane, filtered through a nominal 0.45 µm glass fiber filter 
E.2.4  
glass fiber filter 
0.7 µm glass fiber filters used in this test method 
E.2.5 
CSFT  
cold soak filtration test 
E.3 Summary of test method 
E.3.1  In this test method, 300 mL of biodiesel (B100) is st ored at 4.4 °C (40 °F) for 16 h, allowed to warm to 
20 °C to 22 °C (68 °F to 72°F), and vacuum filtered through a single 0.7 µm glass fiber filter. 
E.3.2  In this test method, the filtration time is reported in seconds. 
E.4 Significance and use 
E.4.1 Some substances that are soluble or appear to be soluble in biodiesel at room temperature will, upon 
cooling or standing at room temperature for extended pe riods, come out of solution. These substances can  
18 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 cause filter plugging. This test method provides an ac celerated means of assessing the propensity for these 
substances to plug filters. 
Fuels that give short filtration time s are expected to give satisfactory operation down to the cloud point of 
biodiesel blends. 
E.4.2 The test method can be used in specifications as a means of controlling levels of minor filter plugging 
components in biodiesel and biodiesel blends. 
E.5 Apparatus 
E.5.1 Filtration system 
Arrange the following components as shown in Figure E.1. E.5.1.1 Funnel and funnel base , with a stainless steel filter suppo rt for a 47–mm diameter glass fiber 
filter and a locking ring or spring action clip capable of receiving 300 mL. 
NOTE Sintered glass supports were found to give much hig her filtration times during initial studies and should not be 
used. 
E.5.1.2 Ground/bond wire , 0.912 mm to 2.59 mm (No. 10 through No. 19) bare-stranded flexible 
stainless steel or copper installed in the flasks and grounded as shown in Figure E.1 
NOTE: The electrical bonding apparatus  described in Test Method ASTM D 5452  or other suitable means of electrical 
grounding which ensure safe operation of the filtration apparatus and flask can be used. If the filt rate is to be subsequently 
tested for stability it is advisable not to use copper as co pper ions catalyze gum formation during the stability test. 
E.5.1.3 Receiving flask, 1-L borosilicate glass vacuum filter flask, into which the filtration apparatus fits, 
equipped with a sidearm to connect to the safety flask. E.5.1.4 Safety flask , 1-L borosilicate glass vacuum filter flask equipped with a sidearm to connect the 
vacuum system. A fuel and solvent resistant rubber hose, through which the grounding wire passes, shall 
connect the sidearm of the receiving flask to the tube passing through the rubber stopper in the top of the 
safety flask. 
E.5.1.5 Vacuum system , capable of producing a vacuum of 70 kPa to 100 kPa below atmospheric 
pressure when measured at the receiving flask. A me chanical vacuum pump may be used if it has this 
capability. 
NOTE Water aspirated vacuum will not provide relative vacuum within the prescribed range. 
E.5.2 Other apparatus 
E.5.2.1 Forceps , approximately 12-cm long, flat-blade d, with non-serrated, non-pointed tips 
E.5.2.2  Graduated cylinders, to contain at least 0.5 L of fluid and marked at 10-mL intervals. Graduated 
cylinders, 100-mL, may be required for samples which filter slowly. E.5.2.3  Petri dishes , approximately 12.5 cm in diameter, with removable glass supports for glass fiber 
filters 
NOTE 1 Small watch glasses, approximately 5 cm to 7 cm in  diameter, have also been found suitable to support the 
glass fiber filters. 
NOTE 2 B100 will dissolve some plastics. This c an cause the filters to adhere to the plastic. 
E.5.2.4 Glass fiber filters, plain, 47-mm diameter, nominal pore size 0.7- μm FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  19
  946: 2011 
E.5.2.5 Protective cover , polyethylene film or clean aluminum foil 
E.5.2.6 Liquid or air bath or chamber , capable of sustaining a temperatur e of 4.4 °C ± 1.1 °C (40 °F ± 2 
°F) for 16 h. 
E.5.2.7 Timer, capable of displaying elapsed times of at least 900 s to the nearest 0.1 s 
 
Figure E.1 — Schematic of a filtration system 
E.6 Reagents and materials 
E.6.1 Purity of reagents 
Analytical grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Ot her grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained 
that the reagent is of sufficient purity to permit its us e without lessening the accuracy of the determination. 
E.6.2 Flushing fluids 
Flushing fluids are not required for the test as the f ilter is not weighed. However, heptane or isooctane may be 
used to wash the apparatus after filtration to remove any residue. Alternatively soap and water may be used in 
accordance with E.6.3. E.6.2.1 Heptane , (Warning - Flammable) 
E.6.2.2 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane), [Warning - Flammable]  
E.6.3 Liquid or powder detergent 
Water-soluble, for cleaning glassware  
20 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 E.7 Preparation of appara tus and sample containers 
Clean all components of the filtration apparatus using the reagents described in E.6.1 and E.6.3. Remove any 
labels, tags, and so forth. 
E.8 Sampling 
E.8.1  The sample container should be 500 mL ± 15 mL in volume and have a screw-on cap with an inert 
liner. Glass containers are preferred to facilitate a vi sual inspection of the contents and the container before 
and after filling. Glass containers also allow for visual inspection of the container, after the sample is emptied, 
to confirm complete emptying of the container. Ep oxy-lined sample cans, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 
bottles, and high density linear polyethylene bottles hav e also been found suitable as sample containers but 
are less desirable since visual inspection of the interior of the container is more difficult. 
E.8.2  Precautions to avoid sample contamination shall in clude selection of an appropriate sampling point. It 
is preferred to obtain samples dynamically from a sampling loop in a distribution line, or from the flushing line 
of a field sampling kit. Ensure that the line to be sampled is flushed with fuel before collecting the sample. 
E.8.2.1  Use clean sample containers. 
E.8.2.2  Keep a clean protective cover over the top of the sample container until the cap is installed. 
Similarly protect the funnel opening of the assembled filtration apparatus with a clean protective cover until 
ready for use. 
E.8.2.3  Where it is desirable or only possible to obtain sa mples from static storage, follow the procedures 
given in Practice ASTM D4057 or equivalent, taking precautions for cleanliness of all equipment used. The 
sample should pass through a minimum number of intermediate containers prior to placement in the prepared 
container. 
E.8.2.4  Samples obtained from static storage can give re sults that are not representative of the bulk 
contents of the tank because of particulate matter settli ng. Where possible, the contents of the tank should be 
circulated or agitated before sampling, or the sampli ng should be performed shortly after a tank has been 
filled. 
E.8.3  Visually inspect the sample container before taking the samples to verify that there are no visible 
particles present inside the container. Fill the sa mple container to c ontain 300 mL. Protec t the fuel sample 
from prolonged exposure to light by wrapping the container in aluminum foil or  storing it in the dark to reduce 
the possibility of particulate formation by light-promoted re actions. Do not transfer the fuel sample from its 
original sample container into an intermediate storage container. If the original sample container is damaged 
or leaking, then a new sample shall be obtained. 
If a 500-mL bottle is not available, or the sample has al ready been received in a container not suitable for this 
test, follow E.8.5 . 
E.8.4  Analyze fuel samples as soon as possible after sampling. 
E.8.4.1 Upon receipt of a Biodiesel Blend Stock (B100) sample, the entire sample shall be heated to 40 
°C for at least 3 h under an inert atmosphere to erase any  thermal history and to dissolve any solids that might 
have precipitated during transit unless it is known that the sample has never been cooled below 20 °C. If the 
sample has never been exposed to temperatures below 20 °C then proceed to E.8.5. 
E.8.4.2 After heating for the required time, allow the sample to sit for 24 h at a temperature no lower than 
20 °C. 
E.8.5 Shake the sample vigorously for 1 min, and transfer 300 mL to a clean fresh 500 mL ± 15 mL bottle. FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  21
  946: 2011 
E.9 Preparation of glass fiber filter 
E.9.1 Each filtration uses one filter. The glass fiber filter  used for each individual test shall be identified by 
marking the petri dishes used to hold and transport the filters. 
E.9.2  Clean all glassware used in preparation of  glass fiber filter as described in E.7.1. 
E.9.3  Using forceps, place the filters on clean glass support rods or watch glasses in a petri dish. 
E.9.4  Place the petri dish with its lid slightly ajar in a drying oven at 90 °C ± 5 °C, and leave it for 30 min. 
E.9.5 Remove the petri dish from the drying oven. Keep t he petri dish cover ajar, such that the filter is 
protected from contamination from the atmosphere. Allow 30  min for the filter to come to equilibrium with room 
air temperature and humidity. 
E.9.6  Using clean forceps, place the filter centrally on the filter support of the filtration apparatus (see Figure 
E.1). Install the funnel and secure with locking ring or spring clip. Do not remove the plastic film from the 
funnel opening until ready to start filtration. 
E.10 Procedure 
E.10.1  Place 300 mL of sample in a glass 500–mL bottle, a nd set in a liquid or air bath or chamber at 4.4 ± 
1.1 °C (40 °F ± 2 °F) for 16 h ± 0.5 h. 
E.10.2  After the 16-h cold soak is completed, allow the sample to come back to room temperature at 20 °C to 
22 °C (68 °F to 72 °F) on its own without external heating. The sample shall be completely liquid before 
filtration. The sample shall be filtered within 1 h after reaching 20 °C to 22 °C (68 to 72°F). 
E.10.3  Complete assembly of the receiving flask, 0.7 μm glass fiber filter and funnel as a unit (see Figure 
E.1) before swirling the sample. To minimize operator ex posure to fumes, the filtering procedure should be 
performed in a fume hood. 
E.10.4 Start the vacuum system. Record the pressure in the system after 1 mi n of filtration. The vacuum shall 
be between 71.1 kPa and 84.7 kPa (21 and 25 in. Hg) below  atmospheric pressure. If the vacuum is not within 
the specified range, make adjustments to the vacuum system. 
E.10.5  Thoroughly clean the outside of the sample container in  the region of the cap by wiping it with a damp, 
lint-free cloth. Swirl the container vigorously for about  2 s to 3 s to dislodge any particles that may have 
adhered to the walls of the container. E.10.6  Immediately after swirling, pour the entire contents of the sample container into the filtration funnel 
and simultaneously start the timer. The entire contents of the sample container shall be filtered through the 
glass fiber filter to ensure a correct me asure of the contamination in the sample. 
NOTE Take care not to shake the sample vigorously, as this  could cause some of the solids to go back into solution. 
E.10.7  If the filtration is not complete when 720 s (12 mi n) has elapsed, turn off the vacuum system and 
record the duration of the filtration to the nearest seco nd. Record the pressure in the system and the volume 
filtered just before the term ination of the filtration. 
E.11 Reporting 
E.11.1 Report the time for the 300–mL B100 to be complete ly filtered as B100 filtra tion time in seconds. 
E.11.2  If the filtration of the 300 mL failed to be completed after 720 s, report the volume that was filtered 
after 720 s.  
22 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 E.12 Precision and bias 
E.12.1 Precision 
The precision of this test method for B1 00 filtration has not yet been determined. 
E.12.1.1 Repeatability 
The difference between successive test results, obtained by the same operator using the same apparatus 
under constant operating conditions on identical test ma terial for B100 filtration has not yet been determined. 
E.12.1.2 Reproducibility 
The difference between the two single and independent re sults obtained by different operators working in 
different laboratories on identical test material for B100 filtration has not yet been determined. 
E.12.1.3 The difference between successive test results, obtained by the same operator using the same 
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material for B100 filtration would in the long 
run, in the normal and correct operation of this test  method, exceed 0.1689(X + 1.2018) time(s) only in one 
case in twenty. 
E.12.2 Bias 
The procedure given for the determinati on of B100 filtration time has no bias because the value of the filtration 
time is defined in terms of this test method. FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  23
  946: 2011 
Annex F 
(informative) 
 
Calculation of iodine value 
F.1 Scope 
This method describes a procedure for calculating the iodine value of 100 % concentration biodiesel or 
biodiesel extracted from blends with diesel fuel. In ca se of dispute on the iodine value this method shall be 
used as a substitute for EN 14111. 
NOTE This method is adapted for biodiesel from the AOCS  recommended practice Cd 1c – 85 for the determination 
of the iodine value of edible oil from its fatty acid composition. 
F.2 Definition 
This method is used to calculate the iodine value expressed in g I 2/100 g sample from the percentage by 
mass of methyl esters as determined by either EN 14103 (neat biodiesel) or EN 14331 (biodiesel extracted 
from blends with diesel fuel). 
F.3 Procedure 
F.3.1  Check the methyl ester composition of the sample by using the appropriate method as described in 
F.2. 
NOTE The total methyl esters thus revealed should equal 100 after the deduction of the methyl ester C17 used for 
internal standard in EN 14103. 
F.3.2  Use the percentage by mass obtained in F.3.1 to ca lculate the sample’s iodine value, being the sum 
of the individual contributions of each methyl ester, obtained by multiplying the me thyl ester percentage by its 
respective factor (see table F.2). The factor for each constituent of biodiesel is given in Table F.1 
Table F.1 — Methyl ester factors   
1 2 
Methyl ester Factor  
Methyl ester of saturated fatty acids  0 
Methyl hexadecenoate (Methyl palmitoleate) C16:1 0.950 
Methyl octadecenoate (Methyl oleate) C18:1  0.860 
Methyl octadecadienoate (Methyl lineolate) C18:2  1.732 
Methyl octadecatrienoate (Methyl linolenate) C18:3  2.616 
Methyl eicosenoate (Methyl gadoleate) C20:1  0.785 
Methyl decasenoate (Methyl erucate) C22:7 0.723 
  
24 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 F.4 Expression of the result 
Iodine value (calculated from the methyl ester composit ion) = X g iodine/100 g of FAME. The result should be 
reported to the first decimal place. 
NOTE 1 In 1994 the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee re viewed the coefficients used and concluded that no 
changes were necessary at that time. The present procedure uses the coefficient s selected in the past for use in 
calculating the iodine value in triglyceride blends. The reasoning behind that choice is that triple the molecular weight of 
methyl ester is almost identical to the molecu lar weight of the corresponding triglyceride. 
NOTE 2 For samples with unsaponifiable content greater than a mass fraction of 0.5 % or those containing a significant 
additive content, the calculated value t ends to be higher than the true value. 
NOTE 3 The calculated result tends to be lower than the true value in samples with a lower iodine value. 
Table F.2 — Calculation example 
1 2 3 4 
Methyl ester of the 
following acids  Percentage mass fraction  Factor  Contribution  
Myristic C14:0  0.3 0 0 
Palmitic C16:0  4.0 0 0 
Palmitoleic C16:1  1.1 0.950  1.0 
Stearic C18:0  2.0 0 0 
Oleic C18:1  60.5 0.860  52.0 
Linoleic C18:2  19.8 1.732  34.3 
Linolenic C18:3  9.4 2.616  24.6 
Eicosanoic (Euricic) C20:0  0.4 0 0 
Eicosenoic (Beheric) C20:1  0.7 0.785  0.6 
Docosanoic (Gadoleic) C22:0  0.7 0 0 
Docosenoic (Arachidic) C22:1  1.1 0.723  0.8 
 Calculated iodine value 113.3 FDUS
© UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved  25
  946: 2011 
Annex G  
(informative)   
 
Quality verification of automotive biodiesel fuel 
When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of biodiesel fuel, it is suggested that instead of 
concentrating solely on evaluation of th e final product, he also direct his att ention to the manufacturer’s quality 
system. In this connection it should be noted that IS O 9001 covers the provision of an integrated quality 
system.  
26 © UNBS 2011 – All rights reserved
 Bibliography 
[1] EN 14214, Automotive fuels – Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines – Requirements and 
test methods 
[2] EN 14331, Liquid petroleum products – Separation and characterisation of fatty acid methyl esters 
(FAME) by liquid chromatography/ gas chromatography (LC/GC) 
[3] J.Rathbauer and A Bachler, Physical Properties of vegetable oil methyl esters, International 
conference on standardization and analysis of biodiesel, November 6 th - 7th 1995, Vienna 
[4] EN 14538, Fat and oil derivatives – Fatty acid me thyl ester (FAME) – Determination of Ca and Mg 
content by optical emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) 
[5] The Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS, 5 th edition, 1998, Champaign, IL, 
USA 
[6] ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements 
[7] SANS 342, Automotive diesel fuel 
[8] ASTM Research report RR:D02:1649 FDUS
© UNBS 2011 rved 27
  946: 2011 
 – All rights reseCertification marking 
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be  marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is gove rned by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licens ed under the certification mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in co njunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and  testing in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National  Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of  licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
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