KENYA STANDARD                      KS 2386: PART 8 : 2018  
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emergency procedure guide - 
Transport (Road, Rail ) 
       Part 8: Gases  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  No copying of this standard without KEBS permission except as permitte d by copyright law  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
 
2 
  
 
 
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION  
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:  
 
Government chemist  
National Environmental Management Authority  
National Transport and Safety Authority  
Kenya Railways  
Directorate occupational health and safety service  
Ministry of Health  
Ministry of Transport  
Kenya Maritime Authority  
Kenya Airways  
Kenya Transport Association  
Kenya ports authority  
Radiation protection board  
National Corridor Transit and trans port authority  
Nairobi University  
Kenya police Service (Traffic department)  
Dangerous goods management ltd.  
Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat.  
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee  
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS  
 
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly reviewed. Suggestions for 
improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are 
welcome.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                       © Kenya Bureau of Standards, 2018  
Copyright.  Users are   reminded that by virtue of section 6 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 130 of the Laws of Kenya, 
copyright subsists in all Kenya Standards and except as provid ed under section 7 of this Act, no Kenya Standard 
produced by Kenya Bureau of Standards may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted 
by any means without prior permission in writing from the Managing Director.  
 
Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment.  
 
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the standard and that it is updated 
whenever the standard is amended or revised.  The number and date of the standard should  therefore be clearly 
identified.  
 
The use of material in print or in electronic form to be used commercially with or without payment or in commercial 
contracts is subject to payment of a royalty.  
 ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 3 ISBN 9966 -23-846 
 
 
 
KENYA STANDARD                   KS 2 386: PART 8 : 2018  
                                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Emergen cy procedure guide -Transport  
         (Road, Rail ) 
 
 
Part 8: Gases  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS)  
 
Head Office:  P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi -00200, Tel.: (+254 020) 605 490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020) 604031  
E-Mail: info@kebs.org,  Web:http://www.kebs.org   
 
Coast Region     Lake Region          Rift Valley Region  
P.O. Box 99376, Mombasa -80100   P.O. Box 2949, Kisumu -40100        P.O. Box 2138, Nakuru -20100  
Tel.: (+254 041) 22956 3, 230939/40  Tel.: (+254 057) 23549, 22396        Tel.: (+254 051) 210553, 210555  
Fax: (+254 041) 229448    Fax: (+254 057) 21814  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 
4 
  
 
 
P R E F A C E  
 
This Kenyan standard was developed by the technical committee on transport of dangerous goods under 
the guidance of the standards project committee, and accordance with the procedures of the Kenya bureau 
of standards.  
The standard  is inten ded for use by first responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident  
involving dangerous goods/hazardo us material s. Provides guidance to drivers, emergency services and 
others dealing with emergencies involving the transport of gases . 
 
During the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following documents:  
 
Emergency response guidebook 2016  
 
 The assistance received from the above documents is acknowledged with thanks.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 5  
 
  
 
KENYA STANDARD  
Emergency procedure guide -Transport (Road, Rail ) 
Part 8: Gases  
 
    
                                                                                   GASES  
                                                 
    
                                           
                                             *As described in KS 2605, KS 2606  
                                                       ꝉTrade or common name on label                        
 
 
                          EMERGENCY CONTACTS  
POLICE  DIAL ;911,999,112  
Organization  Location  Telephone  Ask for  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GASES – FLAMMABLE  
(INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS  
                                   HAZARD  NAME  UN No  HAZCHEM  
NAME * 
 
 
 
TRADE NAME ꝉ 
 
 
 
   
         
 
6 
 FIRE  • EXTREMELY FLA MMABLE.  
• Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.  
• Will form explosive mixtures with air.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid 
(UN1966) and Methane (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen an d 
Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an 
alterna te method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)  
• Vapors may tr avel to source of ignition and flash back.  
• Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief 
devices.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • Vapors may cause diz ziness or asphyxiation without warning.  
• Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.  
• Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases  
                 PROT ECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Structural firefighters’ protective clothing will only provide limited protection.  
• Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigera ted/cryogenic liquids  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them location, material, UN  Number, quantity and emergency contact ( name and 
telephone number) Indicate  condition of the vehicle and any damage observed  
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many ga ses are heavier than air and will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).  
Large Spill  
• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved  in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in 
all directions; also,  
consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.  
• In fires involving Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (UN1075); Butane, (UN1011); 
Butylene, (UN1012);  
Isobutylene, (UN1055); Propylene, (UN1077); Isobutane, (UN1969); and Propane, 
(UN1978)  
 
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk  
SPILL OR LEAK  Carry out action under ‘for all  emergencies’  
• ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate 
area).  
• All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.  
• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk. 
• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 7 runoff to contact spilled material.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas.  
• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.  
CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, ma ny materials become 
brittle and are likely to break without warnin g. 
. 
 
FIRE  . DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.  
CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957) and Hydrogen, re frigerated liquid 
(UN1966) burn with an invisible flame. Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compr essed 
(UN2034) may bur n with an invisible flame.  
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical or CO2.  
Large Fire  
• Water spray or fog.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor no zzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration  of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  
• For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if th is is impossible, 
withdraw from area and let fire burn.  
 
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL  • Ensure that medica l personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.  
• In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult  
EYES OR SKIN  • In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible  with cold 
water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin  
• Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.          
GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)       
                                   HAZARD  
FIRE  • EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.  
• Will be easily ignited  by heat, sparks or flames.  
• Will form explosive mixtures with air.  
• Silane (UN2203) will ignite spontaneously in air.  
• Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or 
involved in a fire.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.  
• Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief 
devices.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured c ylinders may rocket           
 
8 
 HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning.  
• Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.  
• Fire may  produce irritating and/or toxic gases  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Structural firefighters’ protective clothing will only provide limited protection  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them location, material, UN  Number, quantity and emergency contact ( name and 
telephone number) Indicate  condition of the vehicle a nd any damage observed.  
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many gases are heavier than air a nd will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).  
• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1  mile) in 
all directions; also,  consider  initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.  
 
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk  
 
SPILL OR LEAK  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
• ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate 
area).  
• All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• Do not tou ch or walk through spilled material.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff to contact spilled material.  
• If possible, turn leaking containers so that g as escapes rather than liquid.  
• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.  
• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.  
FIRE  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical or CO2.  
Large Fire  
• Water spray or fog . 
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 9 • For massive fire, use unmanned h ose holders or monitor nozzles; if th is is impossible, 
withdraw from area and let fire burn.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL  Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions  to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.  
• In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  Give artificial respiration if victim is not  breathing.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult  
EYES OR SKIN  • In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible  with cold 
water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin         
             
GASES - FLAMMABLE (CORROSIVE )                        
                              HAZARD  
FIRE  • EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.  
• May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.  
• May form explosive mixtures with air.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along grou nd. 
• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.  
• Some of these materials may react violently with water.  
• Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief 
devices.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT   
• May cause toxic effects if inhaled.  
• Vapors are extremely irritating.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.  
• Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.  
• Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically rec ommended by t he 
manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations 
ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substanc e is 
possible.  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS           
 
10 
 FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them location, material, UN  Number, quantity and emergency contact ( name and 
telephone number) Indicate  condit ion of the vehicle and any damage observed.  
  • As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
Large Spill  
• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1  mile) in 
all directions; also,  consider  initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.  
 
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Chec k for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk  
 
SPILL OR LEAK  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate 
area).  
• All equipment used when handling the produc t must be grounded.  
• Fully encapsulating, vapor -protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with 
no fire.  
• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• If possible, turn leaking containers so tha t gas escapes rather than liquid.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff to contact spilled material.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.  
FIRE  Carry  out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
• DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.  
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical or CO2.  
Large Fire  
• Water spray, fog or regular foam.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direc t water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  
                              FIRST AID  
GEN ERAL  • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
• Keep victim under observation.  
• Move victim to fres h air.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
INHALED OR Do not use mouth -to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled  the substance; give ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 11 INGESTED  artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valve or 
other proper respiratory medical device.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult  
• Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
EYES OR SKIN  • Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Ensure that medical pe rsonnel are 
aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.  
• In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.  
• In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold 
water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.             
        
 GASES - TOXIC - FLAMMABLE               
                                        HAZARD  
FIRE  Flammable; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.  
• May form explosive mixtures with air . 
• Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or 
involved in a fire.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.  
• Some of  these materials may react violently with water.  
• Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through 
pressure relief devices.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
• Runoff may create fire or ex plosion hazard.  
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  •TOXIC;  may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.  
• Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.  
• Runoff fr om fire control may cause pollution.  
. 
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by t he 
manufacturer. I t may provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations 
ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is 
possible.  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS           
 
12 
 FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them location, material, UN Number, quantity and emergency contact (name and 
telephone number) Indicate condition of the vehicle and any dama ge observed.  
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 
meters (330 f eet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many gases are heavier than air and will spr ead along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas  (sewers, basements, tanks).  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
Spill  
• See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted  materials. 
For non -highlighted materials, i ncrease, in the downwind direction, as necessar y, the 
isolation distance shown under “PUBLIC SAFETY”.  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1  mile) in 
all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 160 0 meters (1 mile) in all directions.  
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
 Check for spills and leaks  
 Warn other traffic and people at risk  
 
SPILL OR LEAK  • ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flam es in immediate 
area).  
• All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.  
• Fully encapsulating, vapor -protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with 
no fire.  
• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.  
• Stop leak if you c an do it without risk.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid a llowing water 
runoff to contact spilled material.  
• FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol -resistant medium -expansi on foam to 
reduce vapors.  
• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.  
• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.  
• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.  
FIRE  • DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FI RE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.  
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol -resistant foam.  
Large Fire  
• Water spray, fog or alcohol -resistant foam.  
• FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use AFFF alcohol -resistant 
medium -expansion foam.  
• Move c ontainers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quan tities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks eng ulfed in fire.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL  • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Give artificial respiration if victim is not b reathing.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 13 • Keep victim under observation.  
• Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Do not use mouth -to-mouth method if victim ingested or i nhaled  the substance; give 
artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valve or 
other proper respiratory medical device.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult  
EYES OR SKIN  • In case of contact with substance, immed iately flush skin or eyes with running water 
for at least 20 minutes.  
• In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.  
• In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold 
water. Do not remove  clothing if adhering to skin           
GASES – INERT  
(INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)                      
                                       HAZARD  
FIRE  • Non -flammable gases.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
 
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  •  Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.  
 
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  •  Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Structural firefighters’ protective clothing will only provide limited protection.  
• Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids 
or solids  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  IMMEDIATELY CONTANT POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE  
Tell them location, material,  UN Number, quantity and emergency contact ( name and 
telephone number) Indicate  condition of the vehicle and any damage observed  
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
•  As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate s pill or leak area for at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all  directions . 
 • Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas  (sewers,  basements, tanks).  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
Large Spill  
• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in 
all dir ections; also,  
consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.  
 
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk           
 
14 
 SPILL OR LEAK  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
. • Do not touch or walk through spilled material.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff to contact spilled material.  
• Do not dire ct water at spill or source of leak.  
• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.  
• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.  
• Allow substance to evaporate.  
• Ventilate the area.  
CAUTION:  When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become 
brittle and are likely to break without warning.  
FIRE  • Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
• Dam aged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct  water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENE RAL • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw froste d parts with lukewarm water.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
 
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
• Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.  
 
EYES OR SKIN  • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of th e material(s) involved and  take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.  
• Keep victim calm an d warm.  
                        
GASES – INERT  
                                       HAZARD  
FIRE  • Non -flammable gases.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
 ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 15 HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • Vapors may cause dizziness or asphy xiation without warning.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  Wear  positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Structural firefigh ters’ protective clothing will only provide limited protection  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
EVACUATION  
Large Spill  
• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2  mile) in 
all directions; also,  consider  initial evacuation for 800 m eters (1/2 mile) in all directions  
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk  
 
SPILL OR LEAK   
• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.  
• Stop leak if you c an do it without risk.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff to contact spilled material.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rat her than liquid.  
• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.  
• Allow substance to evaporate.  
• Ventilate the area.  
FIRE  Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Coo l containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  Use extinguishing agent suitable for 
type of surrounding fire.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL  Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED   
• Give artificial respiration if victim  is not breathing.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
           
 
16 
            
GASES – OXIDISING  
(INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)                      
                                       HAZARD  
FIRE   
• Substance does not burn but will support combusti on. 
• Some may react explosively with fuels.  
• May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
• Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.  
• Containers may ex plode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.  
• Fire may produce irritating and /or toxic gases.  
 
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by t he 
manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations 
ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is 
possible.  
• Always wear thermal protective clot hing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
EVACUATION  
Large Spill  
• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2  mile) in 
all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mi le) in all directions.  
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk  
. 
SPILL OR LEAK   
• Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.  
• Do no t touch or walk through spilled material.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or dive rt vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff to contact spill ed material.  
• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.  ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 17 • Allow substance to evaporate.  
• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.  
CAUTION: When in contact with refrig erated/cryogenic liquids, many m aterials become 
brittle and are likely to break without warning.  
FIRE   
• Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.  
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical or CO2.  
Large Fire  
• Water spray, fog or regular foam.  
• Move  containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding qu antities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks e ngulfed in fire.  
• For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, 
withdraw from area and let fire burn  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL  • Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) in volved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
  
EYES OR SKIN  Remove  and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.  
• Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.  
• In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.               
  GASES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE                    
                                       HAZARD  
FIRE  • TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.  
• Vapors may be irritating.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.  
• Fire will produce irrita ting, corrosive and/or toxic gases.  
• Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.  
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • Some may burn but none ignite readily.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
• Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through 
pressure relief devices.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained  breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the 
manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situat ions 
ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is 
possible.           
 
18 
                EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for  at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas ( sewers, basements, tanks).  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
EVACUATION  
Spill  
• See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted materials. 
For nonhighlighted  
materials, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessar y, the isolation distance 
shown under “PUBLIC SAFETY”.  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2  mile) in 
all directions; also,  conside r initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.  
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out  action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk . 
 
 
SPILL OR LEAK  • Fully encapsulating, vapor -protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with 
no fire.  
• Do not touch or walk through spilled  material.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.  
• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor clo ud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff to contact spill ed material.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.  
FIRE   
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical or CO2.  
Large Fire  
• Water spray, fog or regular foam.  
• Do not ge t water inside containers.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL   
• Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
• Keep victim under observation.  
• Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.  
 ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 19 INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• Do not use mouth -to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substanc e; give 
artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valve or 
other proper respiratory medical device.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
EYES OR SKIN  • Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.  
• In c ase of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.  
• In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water 
for at least 20 minutes.               
 GASES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE - OXIDIZING                    
                                       HAZARD  
FIRE  • TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.  
• Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or f rostbite.  
• Runoff from fire control may cause pollution  
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • Substance does not burn but will support combustion.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
• These are strong oxidizers and wil l react vigorously or explosively with many materials 
including fuels.  
• May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).  
• Some will react violently with air, moist air and/or water.  
• Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or  corrosive gas through 
pressure relief devices.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear ch emical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by t he 
manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations 
ONLY; it is not effective in spil l situations where direct contact with the substance is 
possible.  
               EMERGENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES   
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.  
• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas  (sewers, basements, tanks).  
• Ventilate closed spaces before ente ring. 
EVACUATION  
Spill  
• See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in 
all dire ctions; also, consider  initial evacuation for 800 meters (1 /2 mile) in all directions.  
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  Carry out action under ‘for all emergencies’  
Check for spills and leaks  
Warn other traffic and people at risk.  
          
 
20 
 SPILL OR LEAK   
• Fully encapsulating, vapor -protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with 
no fire.  
• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.  
• Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avo id allowing water 
runoff to contact spilled  material.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.  
• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.  
• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.  
• Ventilate the area.  
FIRE  Small Fire  
CAUTION: These materials do not burn but will support combustion. Some will react 
violently with water.  
• Contain fire and let burn. If fire must be fought, water spray or fog is re commended.  
• Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®.  
• Do not get water inside containers.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.  
• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from  maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  
• For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, 
withdraw from area and let fire burn.  
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL   
• Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim to fresh air.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
• Keep victim under observation.  
• Effects of  contact or inhalation may be delayed.  
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• Do not use mouth -to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give 
artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valve or 
other proper respiratory medical device.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
EYES OR SKIN   
• Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.  
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoe s. 
• In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water 
for at least 20 minutes                
GASES - CORROSIVE               
                                       HAZARD  
FIRE  • TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.  
• Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive.  
• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.  ©KEBS                                  KS 2386: PART 2 : 2018  
 
 21 • Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.  
• Runoff from fire control may cau se pollution.  
HEALTH AND 
ENVIRONMENT  • Some may burn but none ignite readily.  
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.  
• Some of these materials may react violently with water.  
• Cylinders exposed to fire may ven t and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through 
pressure relief devices.  
• Containers may explode when heated.  
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.  
• For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, 
presents a flammability risk if a s ource of ignition is introduced.  
                 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  
EMERGENCY 
RESPONDERS  • Wear positive pressure self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  
• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by t he 
manufacturer. It ma y provide little or no thermal protection.  
• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations 
ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is 
possible.  
               EMER GENCY PROCEDURES  
IF THIS HAPPENS  DO THIS  
FOR ALL 
EMERGENCIES  • As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at lea st 100 
meters (330 feet) in all directions.  
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.  
• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstre am. 
• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and c ollect in low or 
confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).  
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.  
EVACUATION  
Spill  
• See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distance s for highlighte d materials. 
For nonhighlighted materials, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessar y, the 
isolation distance shown under “PUBLIC SAFETY”.  
Fire 
• If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1  mile)  in 
all directions; also, consider  initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions  
TANKER/VEHICLE 
ACCIDENT  FIRE  
Small Fire  
• Dry chemical or CO2.  
Large Fire  
• Water spray, fog or regular foam.  
• Move containers from fire area if you can do i t without risk.  
• Do not get water inside containers.  
• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.  
Fire involving Tanks  
• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.  
• Cool containers with flooding quanti ties of water until well after fire is out.  
• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.  
• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 
discoloration of tank.  
• ALWAYS stay away from tanks engul fed in fire.  
 
          
 
22 
 SPILL OR LEAK  • Fully encapsulating, vapor -protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with 
no fire.  
• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.  
• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.  
• If possible, turn leaking contain ers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.  
• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.  
• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.  
• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water 
runoff t o contact spilled material.  
• Isolate area until gas has dispersed  
FIRE  .  . 
                              FIRST AID  
GENERAL   
• Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take 
precautions to protect themselves.  
• Move victim  to fresh air.  
• Keep victim calm and warm.  
• Keep victim under observation.  
• Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.  
 
INHALED OR 
INGESTED  • Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.  
• Do not use mouth -to-mouth method if victim ing ested or inhaled the substance; give 
artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one -way valve or 
other proper respiratory medical device.  
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.  
EYES OR SKIN  • Remove and isolate contaminat ed clothing and shoes.  
• In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.  
• In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water 
for at least 20 minutes.  
• In case of contact with Hydrogen fluor ide, anhydrous (UN1052), flush with large 
amounts of water.  
For skin contact, if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. 
Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available. For eyes, flush with 
water or a saline s olution for 15 minutes.