DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS 193 -2 
First  Edition  
2018 -10-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018   
  
Steel wires and wire products for fencing — Part 2: Chain link 
— Specification  
 DUS 193-2: 2018  
ii © UNBS 2018  – All rights reser ved 
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract.  Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2018   
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and mic rofilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: +256 41 4 333 2 50/1/2/3  
Fax: +256 41 4 286 123  
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 
  DUS 193 -2:2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  v 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  1 
3.1 chain link mesh  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 1 
3.2 mesh opening  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  2 
3.3 mesh geometry  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 2 
3.4 ends of mesh  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  2 
3.5 dimension of a chain link panel or roll  ................................ ................................ ................................  2 
3.6 Connecting elements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  2 
4 Description of use and application  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 2 
5 Chain link wire mesh panels and rolls  ................................ ................................ ................................  2 
5.1 Base material  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  2 
5.2 Mesh panel or roll dimensions  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  3 
5.3 Mesh opening  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  3 
5.4 Ends of meshes  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 4 
5.5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser  ................................ ................................ .....................  5 
6 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  6 
6.1 Tensile strength of wires  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  6 
6.2 Mesh sizes, geometry and wire diameter ................................ ................................ ............................  6 
6.3 Mesh  tolerances  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 7 
6.4 Coating  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  7 
7 Sampling and testing  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  7 
7.1 Tensile  strength and elongation testing of mesh panels  ................................ ................................ .. 7 
7.1.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  7 
7.1.2  Test specimen  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  7 
7.1.3  Test apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 7 
7.1.4  Test procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 8 
7.1.5  Test report  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  8 
7.2 Punch test methods  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  9 
7.3 Test on connected mesh panels and connection elements  ................................ .............................  9 
7.4 Abrasion  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  9 
7.5 Corrosion spread test (for organic coatings only)  ................................ ................................ ............  9 
7.6 Ductility test  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  9 
8 Marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  10 
9 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  10 
Annex  A  (normative)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 11 
A.1.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  11 
A.1.2  Test specimen  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 11 
A.1.3  Test equipment  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 11 
A.1.4 Test procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 12 
A.1.5  Test procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 12 
A.2 Punch test for large area load transfer  ................................ ................................ .............................  13 
A.2.1  Load bearing capacity test procedures  ................................ ................................ ............................  13 
B.2.2  Measurements and observations  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 15 
B.2.3  Test r eport  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  15 
Annex  B  (normative)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 17 DUS 193-2: 2018  
iv © UNBS 2018  – All rights reser ved 
 B.1.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  17 
B.1.2  Test spe cimen  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 17 
B.1.3  Test apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 17 
B.1.4  Test procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 18 
B.1.5  Test report  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  18 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  20 
 DUS 193 -2:2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  v 
 Foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade , Industry and 
Cooperatives establ ished under Cap 327 , of the Laws of Uganda , as amended .  UNBS is mandated to co -
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commissio n on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT  Agreement  of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards  in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders 
including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and th e 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee  UNBS/TC  04, Mechanical Engineering 
and Metallurgy . 
This US 193 series edition cancels and replaces the first edition (US 193:2001), which has been technically 
revised.  
US 193 consists of the following parts, under the general title Introductory element — Main element :  
  Part 1: Barbed wires — Specification  
  Part 2: Chain link — Specification  
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
 
© UNBS 2018 – All rights reserved  1 
 Steel wires and wire products for fencing — Part 2: Chain link 
— Specification  
1 Scope  
This standard specifies the requirements for the dimensions, tolerances, coat ings, test methods and delivery  
conditions of chain link steel wire mesh products specified for fencing and civil engineering purposes . 
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For date d 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
US ISO 7989 -2, Steel wire and wire products — Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire — Part 2: Zinc  or 
zinc-alloy coating  
ISO 7500 -1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: 
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force - measuring system  
US ISO 6892 -1, Metallic m aterials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature  
US ISO 16120 -1:2011, Non -alloy steel rod for drawing and/or cold rolling — Part 1: General requirements  
US ISO 16120 -2:2017, Non -alloy steel wire rod for conversion to wire — Part 2: S pecific requirements for 
general purpose wire rod  
US ISO 22034 -2, Steel wire and wire products — Part 2: Tolerances on wire dimensions  
ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents  
ISO 7802, Metallic materials — Wire — Wrapping test  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply . 
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp   
3.1 chain link mesh  
mesh manufactured from interlocking of steel wire which provide approximately square or rhomboidal meshes  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
2  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 3.2 mesh opening  
diameter of inner circle of single mesh  (rhomboid or quadratic shape) , Di 
3.3 mesh geometry  
geometry of a single  mesh defined by the dimensions, length ( X) and  width ( Y), and angle  of mesh opening  
(α) of two connected wires . 
3.4 ends of mesh  
connection of two wires at the outer faces of the mesh along the longitude direction  
3.5 dimension of a  chain link panel  or roll  
length and width expressed in meters  
3.6 Connecting elements  
elements which serve to connect chain link mesh panels (e.g. wires, wire ropes, clips, shackle , …) 
4 Description of use and application  
The typical use of the considered produ cts in civil engineering is for perimeter and security netting , retaining of 
unstable slopes, controlling and preventing of rock fall  and loose debris flow along roads, highways and 
railways, urban areas, mines and quarries and related applications.  
5 Chain link wire mesh panels and rolls  
5.1 Base material  
The base material of chain link wire mesh  shall be for medium  and high carbon steel wire produced from wire 
rod complying with  US ISO 16120 -1 and US ISO 16120 -2. 
The diameter of the wire shall range from 1.0 mm  and 6 .0 mm with t olerances as defined in accordance with  
US ISO 22034 -2. DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  3 
 5.2 Mesh panel or roll dimensions  
The chain link mesh dimensions and geometry are defined as shown in Figure 1  (a) for rhomboid shape and 
in Figure 1( b) for rectangular shape : 
 
  
Figure 1.a — Rhomboidal shaped chain link  
 
Figure 1.b — Rectangular shaped chain link  
Key 
W width  of panel or roll  
L length of panel or roll  
Figure  1 — Panel or r oll dimensions  
5.3 Mesh opening  
The mesh opening is defined as shown in Figure 2: DUS 193 -2: 2018  
4  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 
 
Key 
Di inner diameter of mesh opening  
X mesh lenght  (in direction of the length of the roll)  
Y mesh width (in direction of width of the roll)  
α angle of mesh opening  
Figure  2 — Mesh opening  
5.4 Ends of meshes  
The ends of meshes can be manufactured as shown in Table 1 and figures 3 to 6:  
Table 1 — Types of mesh end  
Type  Description  
A Knuckled end  
B Knotted end  
C Barbed end  
D Twisted knuckle end  
 
Figure 3 — Knuckled end (Type A)  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  5 
 
  
Figure 4 — Knotted ends (Type B)  
 
Figure 5 — Barbed ends (Type C)  
 
Figure 6 — Twisted knuckle end (Type D)  
5.5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser  
The following information shall be suppli ed by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order:  
a) number of this standard;  
b) quantity of rolls or panels;  
c) size of the rolls or panels in m (W x L);  
d) mesh opening dimensions and geometry  (Di, X, Y, α)  
e) wire diameter d in mm;  
f) minimum wire tensile strength in N/mm2; 
g) end of mesh specification according to  table 1 – types of mesh end  — Types of mesh end 
h) minimum mesh tensile strength Tmax in kN/m and test d irection (longitudinal and transversal);  
i) Maximum  mesh elongation  at break of first wire in the tensile strength test acc ording  to 7.1 lmax for a 
max. pretension mesh of 3% of P spec   
j) wire material specification (number of bendings , number of torsion ) 
k) coating type and class of coating or material s pecification ( US ISO 7989 -2); DUS 193 -2: 2018  
6  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 l) inspection documentation requirements.  
6 Requirements  
6.1 Tensile strength of wires  
The base wire for chain link shall have a minimum tensile strength of  350 N/mm2 when tested in accordance  
with US ISO 6892 -1. 
6.2 Mesh sizes , geometry  and wire diameter  
The chain link shall be manufactured in different sizes using corresponding wire diameters as given in Table 
2: The geometry of the mesh opening shall either be rhomboidal or rectangular.  
Table 2 – Typical mesh sizes , wire tolerances  
Inner diameter of 
mesh opening, Di 
(mm)  Angle of mesh 
opening, α 
(°) Wire diameter, d 
(mm) a) 
25 50-130° 2 
2.5 
40 50-130° 2  
2.5 
3 
3.5 
45 50-130° 2 
2.5 
3 
3.5 
50 50-130° 2 
3 
4 
5 
60 50-130° 2 
3 
4 
5 
65 50-130° 2 
3 
4 
5 
75 50-130° 2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
80 50-130° 2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
100 50-130° 2 
3 
4 
5 DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  7 
 6 
a) 1.5 mm is also possible related to security fencing.  
6.3 Mesh tolerances  
All mesh dimensions and geometry measures shall be within tolerances of +/-3% 
6.4 Coating  
6.4.1  The steel wire s used shall be coated in accordance with the US ISO 7989 -1 and US ISO 7989 -2, with 
at least  class D. Method of assessment and  acceptance criteria for zinc and zinc alloy coating weight a re 
prescribed in US ISO 7989 -2. The corrosi on resistance of the connecting elements  (e.g. wi res, wire ropes, 
clips, shackle ) shall be the same class as the wires used.  
6.4.2  Wire used for chain link can also be additionally organic coated. The polymeric coating material 
mechanical characteristics (tensile strength and elongation), after exposure to UV -rays, the number of hours 
QUV -A (ISO 4892 -3 exposure mode 1) shall not decrease by more than 25%  from the initial test results.  
7 Sampling and testing  
7.1 Tensile strength and elongation testing of mesh panels  
7.1.1  General  
The aim of this test is to determi ne the maximum  tensile strength ( Tmax) of chain lin k wire mesh in longitudinal 
and transverse  direction.  
7.1.2  Test specimen  
The chain link wire mesh specimens shall be representative of proper field construction as to materials and 
geometry. The test specimen s hall have identical ends  with knots according to Table 1 . The dimension  of a 
specimen shall be 1.0 x 1.0 m (-10%/+20%).  
7.1.3  Test apparatus  
The test apparatus consists of traction m achine and rigid steel beams conforming to ISO 7500 -1 class A ( A 
and B, see Figu re A.1) to allow the specimen to be connected to them  at all four sides.  
 
Figure  7 — Test arrangement  (Direction of the mesh)  
Key 
1 fixed frame  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
8  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 2 movable beam  
3 lateral fixation points  
4 longitudinal fixation points  
7.1.4  Test procedure  
The tests shall be run with the load applied in longitudinal or transvers e mesh direction. The specimen is fixed 
at all peripheral mesh opening s at all four sides, longitudinal and  transvers e fixation points. The test shall be 
carried out thrice with three specimen s of the same type.  
The fixations shall rotate and shift freely without any friction to allow the steady displacement of specimen 
fixation points.  
The bolts of all fixation pints of  the mesh shall have a diameter between 10  % - 20% of Di (diameter of th e 
mesh opening)  
The load shall initially be taken to a pre -load of 3% of the specified minimal tensile strength (P spec) by the 
supplier . The load P is then applied at a uniform rate between 80 mm/minute to 90 mm/minute. Loading shall 
then continue uniformly until first fr acture of an individual wire or another damage of the mesh occurs 
(P=T max). 
The load and elongation of the mesh  in longitudinal direction should be measured continuously with an 
appropriate measuring device with resolution  of not more  than 1  % of the test specimen specified minimal 
tensile strength (P Spec) and length.  
7.1.5  Test report  
The test report shall contain  the following information :  
a) detailed and particular description of all three test specimen:  
i) mesh construction ; 
ii) mesh panel size ;  
iii) knot type,  
iv) mesh ope ning geometry ;  
v) mesh characteristics ; and  
vi) specifications  (diameter of wires, breaking force of wire , specified minimal tensile strength ); 
b) date of test;  
c) testing institution ; 
d) nominal dimensions W and L of test specimen, number of repetitions in both directi ons; 
e) initial dimensions of test specimen with applied preload;  
f) description of testing apparatus;  
g) direction of the testing ( longitudinal and transverse ) 
h) load – elongation diagram, see Figure 8 (the load expressed by tensile strength);  
i) description of failur e mode;  
j) elongation lmax at maximum  tensile strength , Tmax when the first break  of the mesh occurs ; and  
k) maximum tensile strength ( Tmax) in kN and ( Tmax/b) in kN/m, where Tmax is the breaking force and 
b is the nominal width of the installed specimen ( numbe r of repetitions orthogonal to the testing 
direction x mesh length (X ) or width (Y) . DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  9 
 
 
Figure 8 — Load elongation diagram  
7.2 Punch test methods  
If a perpendicular load transfer of the mesh is a decisive issue a suitable punch test has to be performed 
according  to Annex A.2. 
7.3 Test on connected mesh panels  and connection elements  
If the aim of the mesh is to transfer the complete tensile strength of the mesh by the connection elements the 
mesh  test with connection e lements has to be conducted according  to Ann ex C.   
7.4 Abrasion  
If abrasion is a design issue an abrasion index test might be necessary to clarify abrasion rates for different 
applications. The suitable test method shall be defined by the designer.  
7.5 Corrosion spread test (for organic coatings only)  
7.5.1 The corrosion spread test is relevant for organic coatings to assess, in the event of a local damage to 
an over sheath , any consequential corrosion of the outer surface of the steel wire core, and ensure that the 
corrosion effect will remain confined to t he damaged area of the covering.  
7.5.2 The procedure consists of  immersing wire samples 250 mm l ong in a 5% wt solution of hydrochloric 
acid ( HCl). 
7.5.3 Samples are removed from the solution and analyzed after 100  h, 500  h, 1 000 h, 1 500 h, 2 500 h of 
immersion. The organic coating shall be removed and the length of the corroded wire measured. It is 
considered as corroded if the diameter of the immersed  wire reduce s. The average corrosion lengths 
measured and plotted against time  shall show which is the m aximum length after witch there is no more 
increase in corroded length in time. This maximum length measured shall be always less than a mesh 
repetition. Organic coating shall be UV resistant  
7.6 Ductility  test 
The chain link wires shall be subjected to th e wrapping test in accordance with ISO 7802 . The line wire shall 
withstand wrapping and unwrapping eight turns round its own diameter without fracture.  Tmax 
Working load 80% of Pspec DUS 193 -2: 2018  
10  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 8 Marking  
Each roll of chain link shall be provided with the following information on a label attached t o the chain link roll:  
a) manufacturer ’s name  and address;  
b) dimensions of the chain link roll  (length and width) ; 
c) diameter  of the chain link wire;  
d) tensile strength of chain link wire;  
e) size of openings;  
f) class of coating  in accordance with US ISO 7989 -2; 
g) mass of the chain link roll in kg; and  
h) reference  number of this Uganda standard;  
9 Packaging  
Chain link wire mesh shall be supplied in  rolls with standard width of 1.0  m to 4.0 m and standard length 
varying between 15 m – 50 m length but individual measures can be agreed to between the supplier and 
purchaser.  
Mesh  sizes (width and length) shall be subjected to a tolerance  of ± 3  % measured at right angles between 
wires.  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex  A  
(normative)  
A.1 Test method for determination of puncturing bearing resistance  
A.1.1  General  
For soil nailing the  aim of this test is to determine the bearing resistance of the mesh to puncturing V in 
perpendicular way . 
A.1.2  Test specimen  
The chain link wire mesh specimens shall be representative as to materials and geometry. The test specimen 
shall be ended by the same  way as d uring the mesh manufacturing  and without any reinforcement elements . 
The test specimen shall be constituted of panels of dimensions 300 cm x  300 cm  (+/- 20%) .  
A.1.3  Test equipment  
The test setup consists of a steel  frame and a hydraulic press. Inside the frame  there are four U shape profiles 
with holes and bolts to hold the chain link mesh in its position  and with each two threaded bar s to adjust to the 
specimen size and to straighten  the mesh equally . The pitch of the holes shall be according to the X and  Y 
dimensions of the mesh. The threaded bars of the U shape profiles run through corresponding holes at the 
metal frame and are adjusted with screw nuts.  
A circular  plate with a thickness of 40  mm, a radius of 10  mm at all edges, an outer diameter of 200  mm and a 
traction bolt in the centre, is positioned in the middle of the test specimen over the guiding nail. The traction 
bolt has a diameter of 0.8 x Di (Inner diameter of mesh opening).  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
12  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
  
  
Figure A.1 — Test apparatus for punching test.  
Key 
1 rigid steel  frame  
2 U shape profiles  
3 mesh fixation points  
4 threaded bars  
5 circular plate  
6 vertical traction bolt  
8 vertical force V  
A.1.4  Test procedure  
The test specimen is mounted into the four frames and pre tensioned by the two threaded bars and nuts o n 
each side . Pre tensioning should be such that sagging (b) of the mesh in measured at the centre is 30 +/ -3 
cm. 
The circular plate is pulled  by means of a traction machine , with a corresponding vertical force V (8). The force 
V is transmitted directly int o the mesh  over the bolt and circular plate . 
The forces V and the vertical displacement of the circular plate shall be recorded continuously by load cells  
and appropriate measuring device.  The test ends when the mesh fails at the plate  location  or by the r upture of 
a first mesh somewhere else . 
A.1.5  Test procedure  
The test report shall contain:  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  13 
 a) Detailed and particular description of all three test specimen: mesh construction, mesh panel 
size, knot type, mesh opening geometry, mesh characteristics  and speci fications  (diameter of wires, 
breaking force of wire , specified minimal tensile strength ); 
b) Date of test;  
c) Testing body;  
d) Nominal dimensions W and L of test specimen, number of repetitions in both directions;  
e) Nominal dimensions and W and L  of test specimen;  
f) Diameter of circular plate  used;  
g) Date of test;  
h) Testing body;  
i) Vertical displacement at failure and corresponding applied load;  
j) Detailed description of failure mode including location and photography;  
k) Load – vertical displacement diagram ; 
A.2 Punch test for large area load transfer  
A.2.1 Load bearing capacity test procedures  
The test consists in loading a sample of net perpendicularly to its plane by means of a hemispherical -shaped 
load sharing device (press). The press must be located in the central point of  the panel.  
The hemisphere of the press is formed by a durable material such as concrete or steel.  
The surface of the press must be smooth, without any corners. Any attachment devices fitted on the surface of 
the press must not interfere in any way with th e test piece during the test.  
The geometrical characteris tics of the press are (Figure A.2): 
a) radius of curvature 1  200 mm  
b) maximum diameter of th e sample projected on a plane 1 000 mm  
c) radius of curvature at the side 50 mm  
The test piece is loaded at the int ersection of its diagonals (centre of test piece), moving the press with a 
speed not greater than 10 mm/s.  
The test may be interrupted to allow the stroke of the thrust device to be restarted.  
The sample tested has a rectangular shape, with a 3.0 m side (a verage value - tolerance ± 20%). To allow 
installation of the system, the test applicant must supply the sample to the laboratory with the dimensions 
planned for the test or larger, and the laboratory will then carry out the sampling. It must be representa tive of 
the product in terms of materials and construction method.  
The tests must be performed in the laboratory at ambient temperature, and always in compliance with the 
standards which regulate the testing procedures for the various materials.  
The punctu ring test is carried out after fixing the test piece to a rigid frame and it is aimed at measuring the 
force - movement curve of the central point of the press measured perpendicularly to the plane of the test 
piece. The test must allow failure of the spec imen to be reached. The panel is considered to have failed when 
it is no longer able to support any increase to the applied force. The puncturing strength of a test piece is 
therefore defined as the maximum force imparted by the test piece during the test.  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
14  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 
 
Figure A.2 — Geometrical characteristics of the press (dimensions in mm)  
The test may also be performed without reaching failure of the panel. In this case, the limit strength which may 
be certified is equal to the maximum value of the force reached dur ing the test.  
The contrast frame is made from a rigid rectangular or square structure, the size of which fully holds the net 
test piece and the constraint devices (Figure A.3). The distance between the rigid frame and the net test 
piece, that is, the space  holding the constraint devices, must not be greater than 15% of the average side 
length of the test piece.  
The test piece must be centred in the test frame; the width a of the constraining area must be measured along 
the centreline of each side of the fra me. 
All the perimeter net s of the test piece are fixed to the frame by means of the constraining devices (e.g. 
shackles, connecting links, steel ropes or other methods agreed between the testing laboratory and the party 
requesting the test, and in line wit h the structural characteristics of the piece to be tested; however, the means 
of constraint must not interfere with the structural behaviour of the test piece of a size suitable to obtain the 
planarity of the test piece before starting the test), by using  either specific devices (e.g. screw tensioners), or 
frames with a variable shapes.  
The reference plane is defined by the four sides of the frame.  
Before starting the test, the test piece must be tensioned until it reaches a condition of “planarity”, which  is 
considered to have been reached when the maximum sag at the centre is less than 20% of the smallest side 
length of the test piece.  
 
Key 
a is constraining Area < 0.15* L DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  15 
 b < 0.2* L [m] 
L  3.0 ± 0.2 * 3.0 [m]  
1 Net test piece  
2 Tensioning devices  
3 Rigid frame  
Figure B.3  — Section of the frame containing the net test piece and definition of the level conditions  
B.2.2  Measurements and observations  
The origin of the load – movement diagram is measured from the plane holding the panel constraining 
devices.  
The following measurements must be taken continuously during the test:  
a. force exercised by the press;  
b. movement of the press relative to the reference plane.  
The force must be measured by class 1 load c ells, in accordance with ISO 376.  
These measurements mus t allow the curve characterised by the following parameters to be obtained:  
a) PBR maximum value of the force reached at failure of the test piece. If failure is not reached, this 
must be declared;  
b) BR movement corresponding to actual failure load reached.  
The load – movement curve measured at the centre of the press must be provided for each product , example 
of graph shown in Figure B4. 
 
Key 
X Deformation at the centre, measured perpendicularly to the test piece  
Y Load  
Figure B.4  — Example of load -movement cu rve 
B.2.3  Test report  
The test report must provide the following information : 
a) nominal dimensions of test piece and actual dimensions under test conditions;  
b) description of instrumentation used and temperature during test;  
c) detailed description of the test pi ece constraining condition, complete with photographic 
documentation;  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
16  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 d) maximum sag, b reached at the start of the test in those cases in which it may be measured;  
e) average dimension, a of the constraining area on the four sides;  
f) general description of the fa ilure mode;  
g) actual failure load and relative stoke;  
h) load - elongation diagram;  
i) photographic documentation of the test piece before and after the test;  
 
Key 
1 Net 
2 Press  
3 Perimeter constraining device  
Figure B.5  — Example of set up for puncturing test  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  17 
 Annex  B  
(normative)  
B.1 Test meth od for determination of load transfer of connection 
elements   
B.1.1  General  
The aim of this test is to determine the ability of connection elements between mesh panels to transfer the 
existing transversal  tensile load  of the mesh.  The mesh panels  are connected at their traversal  edges.  
B.1.2  Test specimen  
The specimen cons ists from two individual panels of the same dimensions which are connected together by 
means of connection elements so the connection itself is located in the mid dle of completed sample.  The 
chain link wire mesh specimens shall be representative of proper field construction as to materials and 
geometry. The test specimen shall be ended by the similar way as during the mesh manufacturing  with knots 
according to Table 1. 
The width (dimension perpendicular to the direction of loading) of a specimen shall be 1.0 m in length and 1 .0 
m in width ( -10%/+20%). The connection elements need to be installed according to the indications of the 
supplier.  
B.1.3  Test apparatus  
The test apparatus consists of a traction machine and rigid steel beams (see Figure B.1) to allow the 
specimen to be connected to them . 
    
  4 
3 2 
1 5 DUS 193 -2: 2018  
18  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 
 
Figure  B.1 — Test arrangement  for rhomboid mesh (upper) and quadratic (lower).  
Key 
1 fixed frame  
2 movable  beam  
3 lateral fixation points  
4 longitudinal fixation points  
5 connecting elements (for example rope, shackles, clips)  
B.1.4  Test procedure  
The tests shall be run with th e load applied in the transverse  direction of mesh/net acc ording  to Figure B.1 that 
the connect ions of the mesh are tested in.  
The specimen is fixed in all opening at all four side s, longitudinal and transverse fixation points. The fixation at 
all four sides of the sample maintains t he specimen shape in transverse /longitudinal direction t hus ensuring 
the uniform load distribution created by the rigid beam.  
The fixations shall rotate freely around the axis orthogonal to the plane of tested mesh without any friction to 
allow the steady displacement of it.  
The grips may be left loose until th e preload is applied to allow the wires to seat. The load shall initially be 
taken to a preload of 4 kN. The load Tmax is then applied at a uniform rate between 80  mm/minute  to 90 
mm/minute. Loading shall then continue uniformly until first fracture or dam age of individual connection 
member or the whole connection occurs.  
If any failure of mesh  occurs before the individual connection member or the whole  connection damage, the 
test shall not be  accepted and the connection shall not be considered to be satisf actory.  
B.1.5  Test report  
The test report shall contain  the following information:  
a) Detailed and particular description of test specimen : mesh/net construction, mesh  size, component 
characteristics, connection member characteristics and way of connection;  
b) Date of test;  DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  19 
 c) Testing institution ; 
d) Nominal dimensions b and l of test specimen, number of repetitions in both directions and the 
connection;  
e) Initial dimensions of test specimen;  
f) Description of testing apparatus;  
g) Description of failure mode;  
h) Maximum force at  failure Tmax and corresponding tensile strength z c = Tmax/b. DUS 193 -2: 2018  
20  © UNBS 2018  – All rights reserved  
 Bibliography  
[1] US 193:2001, Specification for steel wires and wire products used for fencing  
[2] ISO/CD 21124 :2017 , Chain link steel wire mesh products for civil engineering purposes  
 DUS 193 -2: 2018  
© UNBS 2018 – All rights reserved  21 
 Certifi cation marking  
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulatio ns made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on  a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standar ds. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
 DUS 193 -2: 2018    
 
ICS 77.140.65  
Price based on nn pages   
© UNBS 2018 – All rights reserved