WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
10 March 2021  
(21-1996) Page: 1/22 
Committee on Trade and Environment    
 
 
ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASE FOR 2019  
NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT1 
1. The WTO Environmental Database (EDB)  is prepared in response to a recommendation in the 
1996 Report of the Committee on Trade and Environment (WT/CTE/1)  for the Secretariat to compile 
and update annually all environment -related notifications to the WTO.2 3  
2. In October 2018, a web -based EDB application  was developed. The web-based EDB is available 
through the WTO website:  https://www.wto.org/edb  or through the URL address:  
https://edb.wto.org/ .4  
3. Information in the EDB for 2019 is drawn from the 4,706 notifications  submitted by WTO 
Members and the 12 TPRs circulated  in 2019. The full data set for 2019 can be accessed  at: 
https://edb.wto.org/search?field_year%5B%5D=2019&search_api_fulltext=&field_ics_hs_code= .   
4. This note is a summary report of the  underlying data contained in the EDB web -application. It 
covers information on: (i) environment -related measures notified under  WTO Agreements and 
notification obligations (Section 1); (ii) environment -related measures mentioned in Trade Policy 
Reviews (TPRs)  (Section  2); and (iii) EDB data for topic -specific analysis  (Section 3) .  
_______________  
  
 
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice to 
the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO.  
2 Previous Environmental Databases have been circulated in the following documents: EDB 1996 in 
WT/CTE/W/46, EDB 1997 in WT/CTE/W/77, EDB 1998 in WT/CTE/W/118, EDB  1999 in WT/CTE/W/143, 
EDB 2000 in WT/CTE/W/195, EDB 2001 in WT/CTE/EDB/1, EDB 2002 in WT/CTE/EDB/2, EDB 2003 in 
WT/CTE/EDB/3, EDB 2004 in WT/CTE/EDB/4, EDB 2005 in WT/CTE/EDB/5, EDB 2006 in WT/CTE/EDB/6, 
EDB 2007 in WT/CTE/EDB/7, EDB 2008 in WT/CTE/EDB/8, EDB 2009 in WT/CTE/EDB /9 and Add.1, EDB 2010 
in WT/CTE/EDB/10 and Add.1, EDB 2011 in  WT/CTE/EDB/11 and Add.1, EDB 2012 in  WT/CTE/EDB/12 and 
Add.1 , EDB 201 3 in WT/CTE/EDB/1 3 and Add.1 , EDB 201 4 in WT/CTE/EDB/1 4 and Add.1 , EDB 201 5 
in WT/CTE/EDB/1 5 and Add.1 , EDB 201 6 in WT/CTE/E DB/16 and Add.1  EDB 201 7 in WT/CTE/EDB/1 7 and EDB 
2018 in WT/CTE/EDB/18 . 
3 The list of key words is contained in Annex I to this document. See also the following documents 
containing information on search words: WT/CTE/W/46, W T/CTE/W/78 and WT/CTE/W/102.  
4 Users are invited to access EDB directly from the web -based application which contains data from 2009 
to 2019. More data will be uploaded to the database as and when ready.  WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS  
1   WTO NOTIFICATIONS  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3 
2   INFORMATION CONTAINED IN TRADE POLICY REVIEWS  ................................ ............  9 
3   EDB DATA FOR TOPIC -SPECIFIC ANALYSIS  ................................ ...............................  14 
4   ANNEXES  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  18 
Annex I – EDB Keywords  ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 18 
Annex II – Number of Envir onment -related Notifications (1997 – 2019)  ................................ ... 19 
Annex III – EDB Harmonized Categories  ................................ ................................ ...............  21 
 
TABLE OF CHARTS  
Chart 1.1 – Environment -related Notifications (1997 –2019)  ................................ ....................  3 
Chart 1.2 – Environment -related Notifications by Members (2019)  ................................ ............  4 
Chart 1.3 – Environment -related Notifications and Measures by Agreement (2019)  .....................  6 
Chart 1.4 – Types of  Environment -related Objectives identified in the EDB (2019)  ......................  7 
Chart 1.5 – Type of Measures identified in the EDB (2019)  ................................ .......................  8 
Chart 1.6 – Type of Sectors identified in the EDB (2019)  ................................ .........................  9 
Chart 2.1 – Types of Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (2019)  ......................... 13 
Chart 2.2 – Sectors Covered by Environment -related Entries Mentioned in TPRs (2019)  .............. 13 
Chart 3.1 – Environment -related measures affecting the fisheries sector (2009 – 2019)  ............. 14 
Chart 3.2 – WTO Members with environment -related measures in  the fisheries sector  ................ 15 
Chart 3.3 – Environment -related measures affecting the fisheries sector by Agreement  .............. 16 
Chart 3.4 – TPR entries affecting the fisheries sector (2009 – 2019)  ................................ ......... 16 
Chart 3.5 – WTO Members with environment -related TPR entries in the fisheries sector  .............. 17 
 
_______________  
 
  WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  1  WTO NOTIFICATIONS  
1.1.  In 2019, of the 4,706 notifications submitted by WTO Members,5 14.3% or 672 notifications 
were environment -related . Since 1997, there has been a sustained increase in the number of 
environment -related notifications to the WTO. The share of environment -related notifications as a 
percentage of total notifications has also almost doubled over the same time period albeit with 
year-on-year fluctuations (see Chart 1.1).  
Chart 1.1 – Environment -related Notifications (1997 –2019 )  
 
 
1.2.  Environment -related notifications have been submitted by WTO Members from all regions of 
the world  and at all levels of development  (Chart 1.2) . One hundred and three Members submitted 
notifications of environment -related measures, with the European Union ( 75 notifications ), the 
United  States ( 64), Rwanda  (51), China ( 39) and Ecuador  (30) notifying the highest number of 
environment -related notifications in 2019. 
  
 
5 This number includes regular notifications, as well as addenda, corrigenda and r evisions, except in the 
case of TBT and SPS notifications where addenda  and corrigenda are not covered.  
8.1%11.3%
9.2%10.7%
7.8%11.3%
9.8%10.8%10.8%14.7%
13.5%13.4%14.5%
13.2%15.8%16.8%17.5%
14.6%
14.6%15.4%15.9%
15.7%
14.3%
165211
182245
186281
247
244311357
353395481
453477568620
551
498575602663672
0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 20190100200300400500600700800
Proportion of Environment-related Notifications Total Environment-related NotificationsWT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  Chart 1.2 – Environment -related Notifications by Members ( 2019 ) 
 
75
64
51
39
30
26
22
21
19
17
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
11
11
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1European Union
United States of America
Rwanda
China
Ecuador
Chinese Taipei
Uganda
Korea, Republic of
India
Chile
Burundi
Viet Nam
Japan
New Zealand
Switzerland
Argentina
Thailand
Australia
Côte d’Ivoire
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
Ukraine
Kenya
Canada
Mexico
Turkey
Liechtenstein
Finland
Hong Kong, China
Czech Republic
Brazil
Peru
Indonesia
Eswatini
Ghana
Macao, China
Montenegro
Kazakhstan
Norway
Russian Federation
Israel
Philippines
Morocco
Vanuatu
Austria
Singapore
United Kingdom
Iceland
Slovenia
Germany
Colombia
Mongolia
United Arab Emirates
Mauritius
Spain
Egypt
Kuwait, the State of
Malaysia
Moldova, Republic of
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Tunisia
Denmark
Hungary
Ireland
Estonia
Costa Rica
Uruguay
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Afghanistan
Belgium
Maldives
Lithuania
Malta
Myanmar
Portugal
Romania
Croatia
Greece
Guatemala
Latvia
Albania
Armenia
Botswana
Brunei Darussalam
Dominican Republic
Georgia
Grenada
Italy
Jamaica
Kyrgyz Republic
Luxembourg
Mozambique
North Macedonia
Oman
Panama
Paraguay
Qatar
Saint Lucia
Samoa
Senegal
Sri Lanka
Trinidad and TobagoWT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  1.3.  Chart 1.3 illustrates the incidence of environment -related notific ations and measures  across  
the WTO Agreements  in 2019 .6 Some notifications are made separately for each and every measure 
(such as most notifications under the TBT or SPS  Agreements) while others cover various or multiple 
measures in a single notification  (such as subsidies  or agriculture notifications).7 In the latter case, 
the various measures are broken down and reported separately in the database.  
1.4.  As in previous years, the TBT Agreement has the highest number of environment -related 
notifications ( 439), accounting for 65% of all WTO environment -related notifications in 2019. A 
number of environment -related measures were also notified under the SCM Agreement ( 66 
notifications ), the Agreement on Agriculture (49), the Agreement on Import  Licensing Procedures 
(48), the SPS Agreement  (29) and Quantitative rest rictions  (17).8  
1.5.  There were 1,764 separate EDB environment -related measures included from the 672 
environment -related notifications in 2019. The SCM Agreement reported the highest num ber with 
769 environment -related measures, followed by the TBT Agreement ( 439), the Agreement on 
Agriculture (242 ), Quantitative Restrictions (120), and the Import Licensing Procedures Agreement 
with 116 environment -related measures.  
 
6 In 2019, environment -related notifications were identified under the following WTO Agreements: 
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT); Agreeme nt on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary 
Measures (SPS); Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM); Agreement on Agriculture  (AG); 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the GATT  1994 (Customs Valuation (VAL)); Agreement on 
Import Licensing Procedures (ILP); ; Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994 
(State Trading Enterprises  (STR) ); the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV of the GATT 1994  
(Regional Trade Agreements  (RTAs) ); the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); Decision on 
Notification Procedures for Quantitative Restrictions (QR s);; Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA);  
the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) ; and other noti fication provisions such as preferential trade 
arrangements notified to the Committee on Trade and Development.  
7 Since 2018, trade remedy measures (antidumping, safeguards, countervailing measures) have only 
been included in the EDB if the environment -related hit pertains to the WTO Member making the notification .  
8 In 2019, n o environment -related notifications were submitted under the following WTO Agreements:  
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 (Anti -dumping (ADP));  Agreement on Pre-
shipment Inspection  (PSI);  Agreement on Rules of Origin  (RO);  Agreement on Safeguards (SG); Agreement on 
Trade -Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS);  Agreement on Trade -Related Investment 
Measures (TRIMS); Informa tion Technology Agree ment (ITA); and the Understanding on the Balance -of-
Payments (BOP) Provisions of GAT T 1994.  WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  Chart 1.3 – Environment -related Notifications  and Measures  by Agreement ( 2019 )  
 
 
1.6.  The environment -related measures mentioned in the 2019 notifications addressed a range of 
environmental objectives (see Chart 1.4), including chemical, toxic and hazardous substances 
management ( 16.7%), energy conservation and efficiency ( 11.8%), other environmental risks 
mitigation  (11.8%), alternative and renewable energy ( 11.3%), sustainable fisheries management 
(8.9%), and bi odiversity and ecosystem ( 8.7%).  
  
769
439
242
120
116
29
17
17
6
4
2
2
166
439
49
17
48
29
7
3
6
4
2
1
1SCM
TBT
AG
QRs
ILP
SPS
TFA
VAL
RTA
GATS
GPA
STR
Other notification provisions
Total Environment-related Measures Total Environment-related NotificationsWT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  Chart 1.4 – Types of Environment -related Objectives9 identified in the EDB (2019 )10  
 
 
1.7.  In terms of types of measure (see Chart 1.5), grants and direct payments  accounted for the 
largest share in the 2019 notifications ( 34.8%), followed by technical regulation or specifications  
(25.4%),  tax concessions (9.9%), ban/prohibitions ( 8.7%), and non-monetary support  (7.9%).  
  
 
9 See Annex III for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or sectors.  
10 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be mentioned in a notified 
measure, the total number may exceed 100 %. 
294
209
208
199
157
153
150
132
128
120
118
116
108
99
93
84
80
74
59
53
46
34
29
29
316.7%
11.8%
11.8%
11.3%
8.9%
8.7%
8.5%
7.5%
7.3%
6.8%
6.7%
6.6%
6.1%
5.6%
5.3%
4.8%
4.5%
4.2%
3.3%
3.0%
2.6%
1.9%
1.6%
1.6%
0.2%Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances…
Energy conservation and efficiency
Other environmental risks mitigation
Alternative and renewable energy
Sustainable fisheries management
Biodiversity and ecosystem
Sustainable agriculture management
Air pollution reduction
General environmental protection
MEAs implementation and compliance
Water management and conservation
Climate change mitigation and adaptation
Animal protection
Natural resources conservation
Waste management and recycling
Sustainable and environmentally friendly…
Soil management and conservation
Plant protection
Environmental goods and services promotion
Sustainable forestry management
Ozone layer protection
Environmental protection from pests and…
Afforestation/reforestation
Environmentally friendly consumption
Sustainable mining managementWT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  Chart 1.5 – Type of Measures11 identified in the EDB ( 2019 )12 
 
 
1.8.  In the sectoral analysis (Chart 1.6), the sector that was most frequently associated with 
environment -related measures in 2019 was manufacturing  with 28.1% of all the identified measures, 
followed by agriculture  (24.7%), chemicals ( 13.4%), and energy ( 12.0%). Sectors such as wildlife 
or waste are captured under the heading "Other" and accounted for 16.5% of the total measures.  
  
 
11 See Annex III for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or sectors.  
12 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be mentioned in a notified 
measure, the total number may exceed 100 %. 
613
448
174
153
139
128
122
113
39
37
24
21
16
14
10
8
6
5
4
4
3
3
1
1
1
1
134.8%
25.4%
9.9%
8.7%
7.9%
7.3%
6.9%
6.4%
2.2%
2.1%
1.4%
1.2%
0.9%
0.8%
0.6%
0.5%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%Grants and direct payments
Technical regulation or specifications
Tax concessions
Ban/Prohibition
Non-monetary support
Import licences
Conformity assessment procedures
Loans and financing
Not specified
Export licences
Regulation affecting movement or…
Income or price support
Investment measures
Other environmental requirements
Other measures
Environmental provisions in trade…
Risk assessment
Import quotas
Export quotas
Other support measures
Import tariffs
Public procurement
Quarantine requirements
Intellectual property measures
Other price and market based…
Export tariffs
Internal taxesWT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  Chart 1.6 – Type of Sectors13 identified in the EDB ( 2019 )14 
 
 
1.9.  Further infographics, charts and EDB measures and notification data can be accessed from the 
EDB web -based interface available through the WTO website: https://www.wto.org/edb .  
2  INFORMATION CONTAINED IN TRADE POLICY REVIEWS  
2.1.  The EDB covers information on the environment -related policies, measures or programmes 
contained in the Secretariat and Government Trade Policy Review (TPR) reports . Twelve TPRs were 
considered  in 2019, namely (in alphabetical order): Bangladesh, C anada, Costa Rica, Ecuador, East 
African Community (EAC)15, Lao PDR, North Macedonia, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Samoa, Suriname, 
and Trinidad and Tobago.  
2.2.  There were 758 entries with references to environment -related policies, measures or sectors 
in these TPRs.16 The environment -related TPR entries are reported under the headings: trade policy 
framework; trade policies and practices by measure; and trade policies by secto r. In general, trade 
policy framework entries include information on government environmental policies, plans, 
programmes and investment policies. Environment -related trade policies and practices by measure 
include environmental requirements and quantitati ve restrictions  (e.g. technical regulation or 
specifications, conformity assessment procedures, import/export licences, bans and prohibitions); 
price and market -based measures (e.g. import/export tariffs, import/export quotas, and internal 
taxes); and sup port measures (e.g. grants and direct payments, loans and financing, tax 
concessions, non -monetary support measures, income or price support, and public procurement). 
The environment -related sectors mentioned in the 2019 TPRs include agriculture, chemicals , energy, 
fisheries, forestry, manufacturing, mining, services, and others.  
2.3.  The TPR of Bangladesh17 includes 48 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include the Export Policy 2015 -2018 to promote and facili tate export 
 
13 See Annex III for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or sectors.  
14 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be mentioned in  a notified 
measure, the total number may exceed 100 %. 
15 The EAC consists of the following WTO Members: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.  
16 The number of environment -related TPR entries corresponds to the number of times particular 
environment -related policies, measures or programmes are mentioned in the Secretariat or Government TPR 
Reports.  
17 WT/TPR/G/385  and WT/TPR/S/385/Rev.1 . 
496
435
291
236
211
166
101
88
70
12
928.1%
24.7%
16.5%
13.4%
12.0%
9.4%
5.7%
5.0%
4.0%
0.7%
0.5%Manufacturing
Agriculture
Other
Chemicals
Energy
Fisheries
Services
Forestry
All products/economic
activities
Mining
Not specifiedWT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  and the use of environment -friendly technologies ; the emphasis placed on environment mitigation 
plans  and energy saving plans  when evaluating an investment proposal ; and t he options available 
and being explored for  a graduated least developed c ountry (LDC)  to pursue preferential exports, 
including the ratification of conventions relating to core human and labour rights, and environmental 
and governance principles. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : 
Bangladesh's  plans to establish 100 environment -friendly E conomic Zones; and the Industrial Policy 
Act, 2016 which provides incentives for green, high -tech, or transformative industries . In the sectoral 
analysis, the TPR entries include the National Agriculture Policy ( NAP 2013) with the specific 
objectives of enhancing sustainability and profitability in agricultural production and promoting 
adaptability to climate change; and Bangladesh's energy policy focus on reducing extreme 
dependence on natural gas, through divers ification of the energy mix and the use of 
alternative/renewable energy resources .  
2.4.  The TPR of Canada18 includes 101 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include the Canada -European Union  Comprehensive Economic and 
Trade Agreement (CETA) to foster inclusive growth and ensure strong environmental protections ; 
Canada  pursuing an inclusive approach to trade  building on past achievements by improving labour 
and environment protections, and pur suing new chapters, focused on cooperation and information -
sharing . On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : the Pan -Canadian 
Approach to Pricing Carbon Pollution, a federal system or provincial schemes being put in place to 
ensure that carbon pollution pricing will apply to a broad set of emission sources throughout Canada, 
with increasing stringency over time ; and the  regulations governing the exportation, importation, 
inter-provincial movement and recycling of hazardous waste  and ozone-depleting substances . In the 
sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include targets for Greenhouse Gas  (GHG) emission reductions for 
the oil and gas sector set by both the federal and provincial governments ; a national dialogue to 
enhance and develop clean growth strategies ; and Canada's precautionary and ecosystem 
approaches to fisheries management, to ensur e that Canadian fishing activities are conducted in a 
manner that supports conservation and sustainable use .  
2.5.  The TPR of Costa Rica19 includes 46  environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include  attracting foreign direct investment ( FDI) in four specific areas , 
including clean technology ; and that Costa Rica  remains committed to the  Environmental Goods 
Agreement (EGA)  negotiations and hopes that these negotiations  will resume in the near future.  On 
environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia :  tax incentives for electric vehicles; 
fiscal and financial incentives to support micro, small and medium enterprises  (MSMEs ), promote 
the green economy and assist women entrepreneurs ; and c ompulsory licences issued for a 
biodiversity patent.  In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include Costa Rica's National Energy 
Plan with the key objectives of improving energy efficiency and optimizing the use of renewable 
sources of energy generation ; and support  to all efforts to bring the negotiations on fisheries 
subsidies to a satisfactory conclusion . 
2.6.  The TPR of Ecuador20 includes 41 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include the National Develop ment Plan "A Lifetime" 2017 -2021 with a 
focus on environmental sustainability and risk management ; and  the general outline and objectives 
of Ecuador's trade policy as set out in the Constitution, which stipulates that the State shall have 
sole control of s trategic sectors , including : energy in all its forms, non -renewable natural resources, 
biodiversity and genetic heritage. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter 
alia: the redeemable tax on plastic bottles (IRBP)  to reduce pollution a nd encourage recycling ; 
technical regulations and phytosanitary measures issued to protect human, animal and plant life  and 
to preserve the environment ; and the "pollution abatement, public transport fuel subsidy 
rationalization and vehicle scrapping programme" which prohibits the export of scrap . In the sector al 
analysis, examples of TPR entries include  the National Fisheries Control Plan of Ecuador with its  
guidelines to make fishery products traceable , discourage illegal fishing and to ensure that the 
country's hydrobiological resources are used sustainably ; and o n the energy consumption front, 
Ecuador's  aim to reduc e its use of fossil fuels .  
 
18 WT/TPR/G/389  and WT/TPR/S/389/Rev.1 . 
19 WT/TPR/G/392  and WT/TPR/S/392/Rev.1 . 
20 WT/TPR/G/383  and WT/TPR/S/383/Rev.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
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  2.7.  The TPR of East African Community21 (EAC) includes 14 2 environment -related entries.22 The 
EAC comprises of the following WTO Members : Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. 
Examples of the trade policy framework entries in the TPR include long-term development strategies, 
vision documents and national development plans whose strategic objectives entail environmental 
protection and sustainable economic development. On environment -related measures, the TPR 
entries cover, inter alia : fostering cooperation among the EAC countries ; the harmonization of 
national measures for the sustainable utilization of resources ; and the development and adoption of 
conservation and management measures. In the sectoral  analysis, examples of TPR entries include:  
forestry as a key subsector in sustenance of the ecosystem and socio -economic wellbeing of the EAC 
countries , with f orest ecosystems enhanc ing resilience to climate change ; the EAC Treaty that calls 
for the harmo nization of countries' mining regulations, to ensure environmentally -friendly and sound 
mining practices ; and t he EAC Tourism and Wildlife Management Bill that seeks to establish a 
cooperative framework for the management of tourism and wildlife resources in the region .  
2.8.  The TPR of Lao PDR23 includes 77 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include Lao PDR's domestic and foreign trade policies being primarily 
guided by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and, now by the Sustainable Development 
Goals (SDGs) 2030 ; and that Lao PDR's sustainable developmen t strategy will also address the 
longer -term issues related to its graduation  from LDC status . On environment -related measures, the 
TPR entries cover, inter alia : prohibition or restriction of the import of certain goods on the grounds 
of conservation of n atural resources ; and an environmental management system to supervise, 
monitor, control and inspect processes including to control and limit pollution and emissions . In the 
sectoral analysis, examples of TPR entries include  Lao PDR's  efforts on sustainable  recovery and 
effective management of its forests to help ensure sustainable development of the forest sector and 
to stop illegal logging ; and the diversif ication of its  energy generation  with the development of 
renewable energy . 
2.9.  The TPR of North Macedonia24 includes 60  environment -related entries. Examples of the trade 
policy framework entries in the TPR include the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) with 
the European Union with provisions on, inter alia , environment and cooperation on a wide range of 
activities ; and the "Strategy for Energy Development until 2030" to ensure security in the supply of 
various types of energy and obligations undertaken to ratify international agreements including on 
energy and climate change. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : the 
support measures under the Programme for Competitiveness, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 
2019, to i ncrease businesses' competitiveness with specialized training on the greening of 
manufacturing ind ustries  and on the concept of circular economy ; and the new Law on Public 
Procurement  with new provisions for the promotion of socially and environmentally responsible 
procurement . In the sectoral analysis, examples of TPR entries include  North Macedonia’s  energy 
policy is geared at transposing to the EU 's energy acquis  including its energy security, energy 
efficiency and environmental objectives ; and the Programme for Promotion of Tourism for 2019 
mainly focused on campaigns of eco -action.  
2.10.   The TPR of Papua  New Guinea25 includes 36  environment -related entries. Examples of the 
trade policy framework entries in the TPR include environmental sustainability and climate change  
considered as o ne of the focus areas in Vision 2050, the  development framework which es tablishes 
the country's overall strategic direction. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, 
inter alia : the import prohibition on non-biodegradable plastic shopping bags ; and  export controls 
and restrictions in place, for the purposes of protecting wildlife, cultural heritage, and the 
environment.  In the sectoral analysis, examples of TPR entries include  Papua New Guinea 's 
commit ment to the sustainable management of its fisheries resources ; and the  key policy objective 
for the mining sector to double mineral exports, while minimizing the adverse impact on the 
environment.  
2.11.   The TPR of Peru26 includes 82 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include foreign trade being  incorporated in Peru's  National Strategic 
Development Plan , setting the course for Peru's sustainable development ; and PENX 2025, the goal 
of which is to increase in a sustainable and diversif ied manner the export of value -added goods and 
 
21 WT/TPR/G/384  and WT/TPR/S/384/Rev.1 . 
22 Examples provided in this paragraph pertain to the EAC as a whole. Country -specific information is 
also available and can be accessed directly from the EDB ( www.wto.org/edb ).  
23 WT/TPR/G/394  and WT/TPR/S/394/Rev.1 . 
24 WT/TPR/G/390  and WT/TPR/S/390 . 
25 WT/TPR/G/387/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/387/Rev.1  
26 WT/TPR/G/393/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/393/Rev.2  WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 12 - 
 
  services. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : the imports of products 
or substances that deplete the ozone layer  must be authorized by one or more competent bodies ; 
and the ban on the export of wild species  to preserve or protect the environment and to comply with 
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) . In 
the sectoral analysis  examples of TPR entries include , the environmental management approval for 
mineral exploration, exploitation, and processing, in line with the new Regulations on Environmental 
Protection for Mining Exploration Activities ; and the main objectives of Peru's  fisheries policy to 
ensure hydrobiological resources are used consistently with the preservation of the environment and 
the conservation of biodiversity . 
2.12.   The TPR of Samoa27 includes 46  environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework en tries in the TPR include the Strategy for the Development of Samoa (SDS) which 
reflects the integration and mainstreaming of gender, human rights, and climate and disaster 
resilience in national planning. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries co ver, inter alia : 
import restrictions and prohibitions for health, safety or environmental reasons or to meet 
international obligations ; export prohibitions on logs and timber for the conservation of the country's 
forest areas ; and  a technical regulation on  energy  efficiency standards. In the sectoral analysis, 
examples of TPR entries include sustainable catch practices and an ecosystem approach  to fisheries 
management ; and the need to strengthen agriculture data collection systems to ensure evidence -
based p olicy decisions, relating to addressing the threat of climate change and natural disasters.  
2.13.   The TPR of Suriname28 includes 38  environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include Suriname's membership of the Association of Caribbean States 
whose objectives include promoting the sustainable development of the Greater Caribbean and 
preserving the environmental integrity of the Caribbean Sea . On environment -related measures, the 
TPR entries cover, inter alia : import prohibitions on chemicals, certain pesticides, and second -hand 
vehicles for environmental protection  reasons ; a fast track procedure  for developing standards  in 
cases of high impo rtance or if a specific standard is needed for the protection of human, animal or 
plant health or safety, or for protection of the environment ; and  national standards developed for 
labelling of  organic agriculture . In the sectoral analysis, examples of TPR  entries include  a new law 
needed for greater emphasis on the environmental and social aspects of mining ; a Tourism Strategic 
Plan being directed towards  the development of sustainable tourism, including eco and cultural 
tourism ; and, for the fisheries sec tor, the Government's general policy objective to preserve 
biological diversity and ensure the sustainable exploitation  of marine resources .  
2.14.   The TPR of Trinidad and Tobago29 includes 41  environment -related entries. Examples of the 
trade policy framework entries in the TPR include Vision 2030 – placing the environment at the centre 
of the country's social and economic development ; and the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) 
between CARICO M members , the Dominican Republic and the European Union which covers goods 
and services liberalization and, inter alia , environmental protection . On environment -related 
measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : an environmental tax on imports of used t yres to cover 
the proper disposal of these  tyres; and incentives for the adoption of good agricultural practices and 
soil conservation methods. In the sectoral analysis, examples of TPR entries include  a Tourism Road 
Map, 2016 -20 for Trinidad, which offers  guidance and frames strategies and programmes for the 
sustainable development of the tourism sector ; and investment incentives to the agriculture sector  
for waste management  and the use of e nvironmentally -friendly chemicals .   
2.15.   To illustrate the range of T PR entries, Chart 2.1 below provides a detailed breakdown of the 
types of environment -related measures reported in the TPRs. Apart from general environmental 
references, the environment -related measures most frequently mentioned in the TPRs of 201 9 
include other environmental requirements (10.6%), ban/prohibition (8.3%), other support measures 
(7.5%), technical regulation or specifications (7.1%), other measures (4.6%), import licences 
(4.4%), tax concessions (3.8%), export licences (3.6%), investme nt measures (3.4%), and other 
price and market -based measures (3.3%).  
  
 
27 WT/TPR/G/386  and WT/TPR/S/386/Rev.1  
28 WT/TPR/G/391  and WT/TPR/S/391/Rev.1  
29 WT/TPR/G/388  and WT/TPR/S/388/Rev.1  WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 13 - 
 
  Chart 2.1 – Type s of Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs ( 2019 )  
 
 
 
2.16.   Regarding environment -related trade policies by sector  (see Chart 2 .2), the most frequently 
mentioned sectors in the 2019 TPRs were agriculture  (17.0%), followed by energy  (16.9%), services  
(11.3%), and fisheries (10.3%) . Wildlife or waste was captured under the heading "Other" and 
accounted for 13.5% of the  TPR sector -specific entries.  
Chart 2.2 – Sectors Covered by Environment -related Entrie s Mentioned in TPRs ( 2019 )  
 
 
General environmental 
reference , 198, 26.1% 
Other environmental 
requirements , 80, 10.6%
Ban/Prohibition , 63, 8.3%
Other support measures , 57, 
7.5% Technical regulation or 
specifications , 54, 7.1%Other measures , 35, 4.6%Import licences , 33, 4.4%Tax concessions , 29, 3.8%Export licences , 27, 3.6%Investment measures , 3.4%Other price and market based 
measures , 25, 3.3%Conformity assessment 
procedures , 24, 3.2%Non-monetary support , 24, 3.2%Internal taxes , 15, 2.0%Grants and direct payments , 14, 1.8%Loans and financing , 14, 1.8%Intellectual property measures , 13, 1.7%Risk assessment , 12, 1.6%Import tariffs , 10, 1.3% Public procurement , 8, 1.1%Regulation affecting movement or transit , 7, 0.9%Export tariffs , 7, 0.9%Environmental provisions in trade agreements , 5, 0.7%Anti-dumping measure / 
investigation , 4, 0.5%
Export quotas , 
3, 0.4%Countervailing measure / 
investigation , 3, 0.4%
Quarantine requirements , 2, 0.3%Income or price support , 2, 0.3%
Import quotas , 1, 0.1%
Agriculture , 129, 
17.0%
Energy , 128, 16.9%
Other , 102, 13.5%
Services , 81, 10.7%Fisheries , 78, 10.3%Manufacturing , 
76, 10.0%Forestry , 62, 8.2% , Not specified , 51, 
6.7%Mining , 48, 6.3%Chemicals , 35, 4.6%All 
products/economic 
activities , 13, 1.7%WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 14 - 
 
  2.17.   The information provided  above is only illustrative to highlight the wide range and depth of 
data available in the EDB. Further infographics, charts and EDB TPR data can be accessed from the 
EDB web -based interface available through the WTO website: https://www.wto.org/edb . 
3  EDB DATA FOR TOPIC -SPECIFIC ANALYSIS  
3.1.  Building on previous EDB presentations and the feedback received from Members at the CTE,30 
Section 3 has been added to the EDB report to provide an illustration of the notifications and TPR 
data available for thematic or topic -specific analysis. Data on fisheries is presented in the EDB 2019 
report. For fisheries, the database search functional ities can be used to filter data by sector 
(fisheries), environment -related objective (sustainable fisheries management) or by keywords 
(fish).31 32 This section has analysed EDB fisheries data by using the sector search filter.  
3.2.  An increasing number of environment -related trade measures affect the fisheries sector. Since 
2009, WTO Members have notified over 775 measures affecting the fisheries sector.  In the last five 
years alone, 88 measures have on average been notified each year, with a recent increase of 
environment -related fisheries measures notified in subsidies notifications (see Chart 3.1).  
Chart 3.1 – Environment -related measures affecting the fisheries sector (2009 – 2019)  
 
 
3.3.  Between 2009 and 2019,  nearly 60 WTO Members  notified environment -related measures that 
affect the fisheries sector. These measures have been notified by WTO Members from all  regions of 
the world. The European Union (EU) and its member States account for 206 or more than one -fourth 
(26.5% ) of all such measures in the EDB database. The EU is  followed by Mexico, United States, 
Philippines, Australia and Canada ( see Chart 3.2 for the top 20 WTO Members ). 
  
 
30 See WT/CTE/M/67 (pages 16 -17) and WT/CTE/M/68 (pages 28 -30). 
31 See Annex I for the list of Keywords and Annex III for the list of harmonized categories used to tag 
EDB data by types of measures, objectives or sectors.  
32 Other topics or themes may be examined  based on the keywords or the harmonized categories used 
to categorize data  in the EDB . 
44
1683
36101
5773
5293
56166
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 15 - 
 
  Chart 3.2 – WTO Members with environment -related measures in the fisheries sector  
 
3.4.  In terms of types of measures affecting the fisheries sector, most measures notified from 2009  
onwards were support measures, usually in the form of grants and direct payments. Other support 
measures, income or price support, loans and financing, and non -monetary support were also 
provided to the fisheries sector. Nearly two -thirds (63.7%) or 495 o f the environment -related 
measures in the fisheries sector were  notified under the SCM Agreement. Other measures in the EDB 
were environmental requirements in the form of licensing requirements, bans or quantitative 
restrictions, technical regulations, con formity assessment procedures or other regulatory 
requirements notified pursuant to the Import Licensing  Agreement, SPS Agreement  or the TBT 
Agreement  among others (Chart 3.3).  
206
52
49
45
41
41
32
31
28
28
26
23
20
15
11
10
10
9
9
7European Union
Mexico
United States of America
Philippines
Australia
Canada
Chinese Taipei
Korea, Republic of
India
New Zealand
China
Japan
Montenegro
Hong Kong, China
Malaysia
Nicaragua
Thailand
Chile
Macao, China
IndonesiaWT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 16 - 
 
  Chart 3.3 – Environment -related measures affecting the fisheries sector by Agreement  
 
 
3.5.  Examples of the environment -related fisheries sector measures notified in 2019, included: the 
Maldives' import/export ban on trading of all species of dolphins and whales; Mexico's support 
measures an d Programme for the Promotion of Fisheries and Aquaculture Productivity within a 
framework of sustainability; and Switzerland's import licen sing regulations to ensure that only fishery 
products of lawful origin (i.e. not derived from Illegal, unreported an d unregulated ( IUU) fishing) 
were imported into the country. The bulk (over 75%) of the EDB fisheries sector measures included 
"sustainable fisheries management" as the underlying environment -related objective. Other 
objectives that were commonly cited in the fisheries entries were "biodiversity and ecosystem", 
"animal protection" and "natural resource conservation", for example, to avoid the negative impacts 
of fishing on marine mammals and endangered species.  
3.6.  Turning to the environment -related data extracted from TPRs, the fisheries sector accounted 
for a total of 720 TPR entries between 2009 and 2019. Recent reports have more sector -specific 
information, including on fisheries. In the last five years (2015 – 2019), there were on average more 
than 70 TPR entries related to the fisheries sector (Chart 3.4).  
Chart 3.4 – TPR entries affecting the fisheries sector (2009 – 2019)  
 
 
 
495
67
60
57
51
34
6
3
2
1
163.7%
8.6%
7.7%
7.3%
6.6%
4.4%
0.8%
0.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
Import Licensing Procedures
Agriculture
Quantitative Restrictions
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Technical Barriers to Trade
Regional Trade Agreements
Trade Facilitation
State Trading
General Agreement on Trade in Services
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
30
10131968
53124
89140
96
78
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 17 - 
 
  3.7.  Overall, the E U had the highest numbe r of TPR entries on fisheries, followed by Japan, Canada, 
Chinese Taipei, Belize, Guinea and Morocco (see Chart 3.5 for TPR entries by WTO Members (top 
20)). The TPRs in 2019 also included a number of fisheries sector entries. As noted in Section 2 
above, examples of the EDB 2019 entries include: Canada's precautionary and ecosystem 
approaches to fisheries management; Costa Rica's support to efforts to bring the WTO fisheries 
subsidies negotiations to conclusion; Ecuador's national plan and guidelines to di scourage illegal 
fishing and make fishery products traceable; Papua New Guinea's commitment to the sustainable 
management of its fisheries resources; Peru's fisheries policy to sustainably develop fisheries while 
preserving the environment and conserving b iodiversity; Suriname's policy objective to preserve 
biological diversity and ensure the sustainable exploitation of its marine resources; and Samoa's 
sustainable catch practices and ecosystem approach to fisheries management.  
Chart 3.5 – WTO Members with environment -related TPR entries  in the fisheries sector  
 
3.8.  To sum up, WTO Members are increasingly including environment -related concerns in their 
fisheries' trade policy frameworks. The gr owing number of database entries affecting the fisheries 
sector is evidence of the mutual supportiveness and the intertwining of trade, fisheries and 
environmental policies. As WTO Members continue to notify and adopt trade policies to contribute to 
the su stainable development of their fisheries sector and more broadly the blue economy, the WTO's 
EDB could serve as a transparency tool for thematic or topic -specific research and analysis.  
_______________
  
44
26
22
19
16
16
16
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
13
13
12
11
10
10European Union
Japan
Canada
Chinese Taipei
Belize
Guinea
Morocco
Fiji
Korea, Republic of
Malaysia
Chile
Norway
United States of America
Vanuatu
Maldives
Thailand
Cambodia
Suriname
Australia
IcelandWT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 18 - 
 
  4  ANNEXES  
Annex I – EDB Keywords1  
Keywords  
Bio Fish Ozone  
Clean  Forest  Pollution  
Climate  Genetic  Recycle  
Conservation  Green  Renewable  
Desertification  Hazardous  Soil 
Eco Indigenous  Sustainable  
Emissions  Labelling  Waste  
Endangered  MEAs  Wildlife  
Energy  Natural resources   
Environment  Organic   
 
 
1 See also the following documents containing information on search words: WT/CTE/W/46, 
WT/CTE/W/78 and WT/CTE/W/102.   
  WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 19 - Annex II – Number of Environment -related Notifications1 (1997 – 2019 ) 
WTO Agreements  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  
TBT 89 (795)  98 (648)  83 (671)  97 (610)  67 (539)  114 (582)  100 (794)  107 (638)  121 (771)  155 (874)  168 (1032)  238 (1265)  
SPS 8 (286)  21 (296)  12 (402)  26 (402)  25 (621)  47 (610)  50 (687)  57 (612)  105 (1298)  140 (901)  98 (849)  84 (889)  
SCM 16 (136)  32 (133)  27 (126)  38 (160)  24 (159)  31 (177)  34 (171)  13 (122)  27 (168)  8 (97)  33 (164)  5 (99)  
Agriculture  20 (237)  22 (216)  27 (195)  40 (228)  40 (242)  32 (197)  34 (173)  29 (157)  25 (148)  24 (126)  32 (119)  24 (137)  
Anti-Dumping  4 (109)  1 (133)  3 (133)  0 (127)  0 (134)  1 (166)  2 (155)  3 (134)  0 (127)  0 (112)  0 (118)  0 (134)  
ILP 13 (51)  20 (63)  10 (68)  21 (77)  7 (55)  13 (96)  16 (57)  12 (40)  20 (45)  19 (62)  13 (65)  20 (51)  
Safeguards  0 (42)  1 (47)  0 (99)  1 (110)  1 (137)  1 (170)  1 (147)  3 (75)  1 (80)  0 (86)  0 (59)  0 (73)  
Customs Valuation  0 (9) 1 (14)  1 (15)  3 (36)  1 (41)  1 (41)  0 (11)  0 (17)  1 (13)  0 (1) 0 (9) 0 (12)  
State Trading  0 (37)  2 (36)  0 (50)  0 (50)  1 (56)  5 (58)  3 (38)  0 (43)  1 (12)  1 (37)  0 (20)  1 (24) 
RTAs 6 (55)  8 (74)  14 (75)  8 (56)  10 (64)  0 (41)  0 (56)  0 (70)  0 (63)  0 (30)  0 (25)  4 (37)  
TRIPS  0 (172)  1 (106)  3 (69)  5 (333)  6 (236)  16 (225)  5 (147)  7 (251)  2 (59)  2 (38)  3 (72)  7 (139)  
GATS  0 (24)  1 (25)  0 (21)  0 (25)  0 (46)  7 (43)  0 (41)  4 (52) 1 (53)  1 (29)  0 (41)  0 (49)  
QRs 5 (15)  3 (11)  2 (13)  5 (18)  2 (10)  4 (14)  2 (8) 7 (10)  1 (6) 2 (8) 3 (6) 4 (12)  
TRIMs  0 (18)  0 (22)  0 (12)  0 (10)  0 (2) 0 (29)  0 (13)  0 (12)  0 (14)  0 (14)  0 (13)  0 (9) 
BoP Provisions  1 (23)  0 (11)  0 (7) 0 (9) 0 (7) 0 (4) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 
Preshipment 
Inspection  0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 
Rules of Origin  0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (4) 0 (3) 0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (7) 0 (4) 
GPA 2 (7) 0 (14)  0 (9) 0 (19)  2 (14)  9 (21)  0 (8) 1 (11)  5 (11)  4 (10)  3 (8) 8 (14)  
ITA 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Trade Facilitation  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Other notifications  1 (5) 0 (5) 0 (3) 1 (8) 0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (3) 1 (7) 1 (3) 1 (2) 0 (5) 0 (8) 
Total environment -
related notifications  165 (2027)  211 (1861)  182 (1972)  245 (2282)  186 (2376)  281 (2482)  247 (2513)  244 (2256)  311 (2874)  357 (2428)  353 (2613)  395 (2957)  
Share of 
environment -related 
notifications  8.14%  11.3%  9.2%  10.7%  7.8%  11.3%  9.8%  10.8%  10.8%  14.7%  13.5%  13.4%  
  
 
1 Figures in parenthesis represent the total number of notifications  submitted by Members  under each relevant WTO Agreement.  This number includ es regular notifications as well as addenda, 
corrigenda and revisions , except in the case of  TBT and SPS notifications, where addenda, corrigenda and revisions  are not covered.   
  WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 20 -  
WTO Agreements  2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019  
TBT  274 (1490)  270 (1413)  268 (1216)  353 (1551)  384 (1605)  358 (1558)  305 (1305)  377 (1686)  390 (1827)  483 (1881)  439 (2110)  
SPS  81 (737)  83 (1051)  76 (1007)  91 (856)  107 (929)  44 (1169)  47 (1283)  62 (1037)  51 (1110)  40 (1255)  29 (1175)  
SCM  40 (181)  8 (117)  47 (140)  17 (108)  48 (158)  29 (110)  51 (130)  31 (127)  61 (132)  18 (107)  66 (152)  
Agriculture  36 (210)  49 (195)  44 (182)  45 (203)  34 (135)  42 (210)  32 (148)  43 (208)  44 (202)  49 (280)  49 (439)  
Anti-Dumping  0 (157)  0 (164)  0 (127)  0 (133)  0 (122)  2 (120)  0 (114)  0 (143)  0 (107)  2 (125)  0 (125)  
ILP 23 (82)  21 (72)  23 (78)  30 (85)  23 (96)  38 (99)  33 (74)  39 (96)  24 (54)  30 (79)  48 (99)  
Safeguards  0 (171)  0 (106)  2 (64)  2 (89)  2 (112)  2 (110)  4 (79)  0 (89)  0 (61)  2 (80)  0 (150)  
Customs Valuation  0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (4) 3 (13)  2 (13)  2 (23)  2 (9) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (3) 3 (23)  
State Trading  0 (29)  4 (77)  0 (8) 4 (39)  0 (17)  2 (51)  1 (14)  2 (41)  8 (30)  4 (42)  1 (12)  
RTAs  4 (30)  4 (26)  3 (33)  2 (37)  2 (40)  4 (19)  3 (12)  3 (18)  3 (16)  5 (10)  6 (12)  
TRIPS  2 (84)  8 (97)  9 (66)  4 (139)  9 (209)  5 (96) 1 (67)  1 (142)  0 (80)  0 (144)  0 (109)  
GATS  0 (68)  2 (45)  1 (38)  3 (66)  1 (48)  3 (75)  7 (64)  1 (21)  1 (25)  1 (17)  4 (71)  
QRs 2 (8) 1 (6) 2 (8) 13 (14)  5 (10)  15 (22)  8 (11)  12 (16)  7 (10)  18 (24)  17 (20)  
TRIMs  0 (21)  0 (18)  0 (4) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (6) 0 (5) 1 (4) 0 (2) 2 (4) 0 (4) 
BoP Provisions  0 (9) 0 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (5) 1 (4) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Preshipment 
Inspection  0 (0) 0 (2) 0 (2) 0 (4) 0 (3) 0 (2) 0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (2) 0 (2) 0 (4) 
Rules of Origin  0 (5) 0 (4) 0 (8) 0 (14)  0 (22) 0 (17)  0 (13)  0 (17)  0 (13)  0 (16)  0 (11)  
GPA 18 (29)  3 (32)  2 (16)  1 (13)  2 (15)  5 (27)  4 (40)  2 (66)  3 (46)  3 (46)  2 (25)  
ITA  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Trade Facilitation  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (55) 0 (26)  0 (17)  9 (57)  6 (108)  7 (162)  
Other notifications  1 (4) 0 (6) 0 (9) 0 (6) 1 (5) 0 (4) 0 (7) 0 (7) 1 (5) 0 (2) 1 (3) 
Total environment -
related notifications  481 (3321)  453 (3441)  477 (3010)  568 (3374)  620 (3545)  551 (3773)  498 (3408)  575 (3744)  602 (3786)  663 (4225)  672 (4706)  
Share of 
environment -related 
notifications  14.5%  13.2%  15.8%  16.8%  17.5%  14.6%  14.6%  15.4%  15.9%  15.69%  14.28%  
 
 WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 21 - 
 
  Annex III – EDB Harmonized Categories   
Table 4.1 – Category of environment -related objectives (25)  
Afforestation/reforestation  
Air pollution reduction  
Alternative and renewable energy  
Animal protection  
Biodiversity and ecosystem  
Chemical, toxic  and hazardous substances management  
Climate change mitigation and adaptation  
Energy conservation and efficiency  
Environmental goods and services promotion  
Environmental protection from pests and diseases  
Environmentally -friendly  consumption  
General environmental protection  
MEAs implementation and compliance  
Natural resources conservation  
Other environmental risks mitigation  
Ozone layer protection  
Plant protection  
Soil management and conservation  
Sustainable agriculture ma nagement  
Sustainable and environmentally -friendly production  
Sustainable fisheries management  
Sustainable forestry management  
Sustainable mining management  
Waste management and recycling  
Water management and conservation  
 
Table 4.2 – Category of type of measures (3 1) 
Anti-dumping measure / investigation  
Ban/Prohibition  
Conformity assessment procedures  
Countervailing measure / investigation  
Environmental provisions in trade agreements  
Export licences  
Export quotas  
Export tariffs  
General environmental reference 1  
 
1 "General environmental reference" is a harmonized category that was introduced for EDB TPR entries 
from 2016 onwards.  WT/CTE/EDB/19  
 
- 22 - 
 
  Grants and direct payments  
Import licences  
Import quotas  
Import tariffs  
Income or price support  
Intellectual property measures  
Internal taxes  
Investment measures  
Loans and financing  
Non-monetary support  
Not specified  
Other environmental requirements  
Other measures  
Other price and market -based measures  
Other support measures  
Public procurement  
Quarantine requirements  
Regulation affecting movement or transit  
Risk assessment  
Safeguard measure / investigation  
Tax concessions  
Technical regulation or specifications  
 
Table 4.3 – Category of sectors subject to the measure (11)  
Agriculture  
All products/economic activities  
Chemicals  
Energy  
Fisheries  
Forestry  
Manufacturing  
Mining  
Not specified  
Other  
Services  
 
 
__________