G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
11 October 2017  
(17-5467)  Page: 1/31 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original: English  
 
 
STATE TRADING  
NEW AND FULL NOTIFIC ATION PURSUANT TO AR TICLE XVII:4(A)  
OF THE GATT 1994 AND  PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE U NDERSTANDING  
ON THE INTERPRETATIO N OF ARTICLE XVII  
UNITED STATES 
Revision  
The following communication, dated 22 September 2017, is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of the United States.  
 
_______________  
 
 
Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and Paragraph  1 of the Understanding on the 
Interpretation o f Article  XVII, the United States makes the following full and new notification of its 
state trading enterprises for 2008.  
 
This updated notification is being circulated to include additional information from the period of 
notification; otherwise, the noti fication is unchanged and included in its entirety for Members' 
convenience.  
 
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  I. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION  
 
1. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
 
 (a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
 
The US Department of Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).  
 
 (b) Description of products affected  
 
Commodities eligible for CCC programs are defined in the legislation or regulations for the specific 
program. Commodities currently covered by CCC include: Non -fat dry milk (0402), Butter (0 405), 
Cheese (0406), Honey (0409), Chickpeas (0708), Lentils (0708), Dry Peas (0708), Wheat (1001), 
Barley (1003), Oats (1004), Corn (1005), Rice (1006), Sorghum (1007), Soybeans (1201), 
Peanuts (1202), Flaxseed (1204), Rapeseed (1205), Sunflower Seeds (12 06), Canola (1207), 
Crambe (1207), Safflower (1207), Mustard Seed (1207), Sesame Seed (1207), Sugar (1212), 
Cotton (5201), Mohair (5102), and Wool (4102).1  
 
2. Reason and Purpose  
 
 (a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading e nterprise  
 
The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a government -owned and operated entity within the 
US Department of Agriculture (USDA). CCC was created to stabilize, support, and protect farm 
income and prices. CCC also helps maintain balanced and adeq uate supplies of agricultural 
commodities and aids in their orderly distribution.  
 
 (b) Legal authority  
 
CCC was incorporated on 17 October 1933, under a Delaware charter with a capitalization of 
$3 million. It was initially managed and operated in close affiliation with the Reconstruction 
Finance Corporation, which funded its operations. On 1 July 1939, CCC was transferred to USDA 
by the President's Reorganization Plan I. It was reincorporated on 1 July 1948, as a federal 
corporation within USDA by the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act  (62 Stat. 1070; 
15 U.S.C.  714).  
 
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
 
 (a) Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
 
The CCC Charter Act, as amen ded, authorizes CCC to support prices of agricultural commodities, 
including through purchases and sales of agricultural commodities.  
 
(b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
CCC does not have exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any product.  
 
Organization:  CCC is managed by a Board of Directors, subject to the general supervision and 
direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex officio  Director and Chairman of the Board. 
In addition to the Secretary, the Board consists of seven members who are appointed by the 
President of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate. The members of the 
Board and the Corporation's officers are all officials of USDA. CCC has no operating personnel. Its 
activities are carried out primarily through the personnel and facilities of agencies within USDA.  
 
Financing: CCC has an authorized capital stock of $100 million held by the United States, with the 
authority to ha ve outstanding borrowings of up to $30 billion at any one time.  
 
Funds may be borrowed from the US Treasury and may also be borrowed from private lending 
agencies and others. Interest on any borrowings from the Treasury (and on capital stock) is paid 
                                                
1 Farm Security Act of 2002 (PL 107 -171).  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  at a rate based upon the average interest rate of all outstanding marketable obligations (of 
comparable maturity date) of the US Government as of the preceding month. Interest may also be 
paid on other notes and obligations at a rate prescribed by the CCC and a pproved by the Secretary 
of the Treasury.  
 
Export Programs:  CCC is authorized to make sales from its inventories to export markets. 
However, CCC has not done so since 1995.  
 
Import Programs:  CCC has not engaged in import activity.  
 
(c) Type of entities ot her than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
 
As noted, CCC does not have exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any 
product. All agricultural commodity impo rt and export activities within the customs territory of the 
United States may be freely entered into by private sector traders without any special conditions 
or restrictions.  
 
 (d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise  
 
During the notification period, CCC did not import or export any commodities.  
 
 (e) How export prices are determined  
 
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
 
 (f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined   
 
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
 
(g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government . 
 
CCC is not authorized to negotiate long -term sales contracts.  
 
 (h) Description of market structure  
 
Agricultural commodity markets are characterized by numerous independent buyers and sellers.  
 
4. Statistical Information  
 
Table I:  Import information by product: Not applicable; no products imported.  
 
Table II:  Export in formation by product: Not applicable; no products exported.  
 
Table III:  Domestic activities where state trading enterprise also trades products internationally: 
Not applicable; no products traded internationally.  
 
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken p lace 
 
During the period, CCC did not engage in exports or imports because such activity was not 
required to achieve CCC's mission.  
 
6. Additional Information  
 
None.  
 G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  II. ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM  
 
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise  
 
 (a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
 
The United States maintains the Isotope Production and Distribution Program within the 
Department of Energy.  
 
 (b) Description of products affected  
 
 The products affected are isotopes under Har monized Tariff System headings 2844 and 
2845.  
 
2. Reason and Purpose  
 
 (a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
 
The Department of Energy, through its laboratories, provides radioactive and stable isotope 
products  and associated services to a wide and varied domestic and international market. The 
Isotope Production and Distribution (IP&D) Program produces and sells radioactive and stable 
isotopes, byproducts, surplus materials, and related isotope services. These p roducts and services 
are sold worldwide and are used for a variety of research, development, biomedical, and industrial 
applications. The program's objectives are to produce and distribute isotopes for research and 
development, medical diagnostics and ther apy, and other applications that are in the national 
interest.  
 
 (b) Summary of Basis for Exclusive Rights or Privileges  
 
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 provides the basic authority for the Department of Energy to 
produce and distribute isotopes and to support research and development of new isotope products 
and technology.  
 
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
 
 (a) Overview  
 
The IP& D Program markets, stores, and distributes isotopes that are currently produced at 
Department of Energy laboratories. The Department supplies isotopes for use in medicine, 
research and development, and industry. The Department of Energy is the only US sour ce of many 
important isotopes. The Department of Energy is involved in isotope production and distribution 
only where: (1) there is no US private sector capability; (2) there is a need for unique government 
facilities such as nuclear reactors and associate d hot cells, particle accelerators and isotope 
enrichment facilities; or (3) other productive capacity is insufficient to meet pressing US needs. 
The specific materials sold under the program are listed in Annex I.  
 
The program also develops improved mean s of producing and separating isotopes that are needed 
to serve the national interest. Such services include, but are not limited to, irradiation services, 
target preparation and processing, source encapsulation and other special preparations, analyses 
and separations, services related to shipping, and processing returned isotopes.  
 
The program's mission is to maintain the infrastructure required to support the national need for a 
reliable supply of isotope products, services, and related technology used in  medicine, industry, 
and research. This assures that critical isotope production infrastructure is operated in a safe, 
secure, environmentally compliant and cost -effective manner, thus ensuring that the facilities are 
available to users who need DOE -produc ed isotopes. To this end, the Isotope Program functions as 
a business and, therefore, focuses attention on the quality of products and services, customer 
satisfaction, cost control, marketing, pricing stability, and revenue and cash collections.  
 G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  The IP&D  sells isotopes to government entities, domestic purchasers, and to foreign purchasers.  
 
The Department coordinates its activities with commercial producers to ensure the continued 
availability of essential isotopes. The Department is streamlining its acti vities by consolidating or 
privatizing wherever possible to reduce the cost to US taxpayers.  
 
(b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
See (a) above.  
 
(c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
 
Private companies and universities engaged in the production and distribution of isotopes are 
permitted to import and export isotopes.  
 
(d) How impor t/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise  
 
The program forecasts future trends through frequent interactions between isotope customers and 
program staff, site visits, attendance at professional meetings, and coordination of program 
activities with stakeholders in the isotope community. Research on market sizes, pricing pressures, 
and customer feedback is also obtained through independent surveys and studies, as well as 
program management assessments.  
 
(e) How export prices are determ ined 
 
Prices charged for the program's products are based on production costs, market value, and 
research needs.  
 
 (f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 
Import prices are determined by production costs and market value.  
 
(g) Whethe r long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government . 
 
Long-term contracts are negotiated often with price discounts for quantity  purchases.  
 
 (h) Description of market structure  
 
The worldwide isotope market has three major components: medical, industry (including homeland 
security), and scientific (non -medical) research. This market is characterized by high barriers to 
entry, prod uction facilities that are primarily government owned and operated, and demand driven 
by a few major commercial customers. The number of suppliers for selected major isotopes is 
growing due to a shortage of suppliers for these key isotopes used in hospital s and the private 
sector.  
 
4. Statistical Information  
 
2006 and 2007: Table I. The State Trading Enterprise (Isotope Production and Distribution (IP&D) 
is engaged in the primary production and distribution of stable (enriched) and radio -isotopes, not 
their importation. However, several targets with a total activity of 758,852 (2006) and 185,000 
MBq (2007) were irradiated in foreign facilities and imported into this country by IP&D to augment 
domestic supply where IP&D could not meet demand. These irradiated  targets were chemically 
processed by IP&D with the result that significant value was added to the product by IP&D prior to 
being sold in a form required by the customers.  
 
2006 and 2007: Table II. Cobalt -60 (HS 2844.40.0010) not sold to foreign customers during this 
reporting period. Heavy water (HS 2845.10.0000) not exported during this reporting period.  
 G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  2006 and 2007: Table III: Because IP&D is engaged in the primary production of these isotopes 
for distribution, no domestic purchases of these materials  were made by IP&D during 2006 and 
2007. Cobalt -60 (HS  2844.10.0000) and heavy water (HS 2845.10.0000) were not sold 
domestically in 2006 and 2007.  
 
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
 
Not applicable.  
 
6. Additional Information  
 
None.  
 
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  ANNEX  1 
List of isotopes sold in 2006 : 
 
Actinium -225 
Americium -243 
Antimony -123 
Argon -36 
Arsenic -73 
Ba-134, -135, -136, -137, -138 
Bromine -79, -81 
Calcium -40, -42, -43, -44, -46, -48 
Californium -252 
Cadmium -106, -108, -109, -110, -111, -112, 
-113, -114 
Cesium -136, -138, -140, -142 
Chlorine -35, -37 
Chromium -50, -53 
Copper -63, -65 
Curium -244 
Dysprosium -161, -162, -163, -164 
Erbium -164, -167, -168, -170 
Europium -151, -153 
Gadolinium -152, -155, -157, -158, -160 
Gallium -69, -71 
Germanium -68 
Hafnium -174, -179, -180 
Helium -3 
Indium -113 
Iridium -191, -193 
Iron-54, -55, -57, -58 
Lanthanum -138 
Lead-204, -206, -207, -208 
Lithium -6, -7 
Lutetium -175, -176 
Magnesium -24, -25, -26 
Mercur y-194, -198, -199, -200, -201 
Molybdenum -92, -94, -95, -96, -97, -98, -
100 
Neodymium -143, -145, -146, -150 
Nickel -58, -60, -61, -62, -63 
Osmium -186, -187, -188, -190, -192 
Palladium -102, -104, -105, -106, -108, -110 
Platinum -194, -195, -196, -198 
Plutonium -241 
Potassium -39, -41 
Rhenium -185 
Rubidium -85, -87 
Ruthenium -99, -100, -101, -102 
Samarium -144, -149, -152, -154 
Selenium -74, -76, -77, -82 
Silicon -28, -30, -32 
Silver -109 
Sodium -22 
Strontium -82, -84, -86, -87, -88 
Sulfur -33, -34 
Tellurium -124, -125, -130 
Thallium -203 
Thorium -229 
Tin-112, -116, -117, -118, -119, -120, -122, 
-124 
Titanium -46, -48, -49 Tungsten -188 
Uranium -234, -235 
Vanadium -49 
Ytterbium -170, -171, -173, -176 
Yttrium -88 
Zinc-65, -66, -67, -68, -70 
Zirconium -91, -94, -96 G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  List of isotopes sold in 2007 : 
 
Actinium -225 
Aluminium -26 
Americium -241, -243 
Arsenic -73 
Beryllium -7 
Bismuth -207 
Calcium -42, -43, -44, -46, -48 
Californium -252 
Cadmium -109, -112 
Cesium -137 
Chromium -50, -53 
Cobat -60 
Copper -67 
Curium -244, -248 
Dysprosium -163 
Gadolinium -148 
Gallium -69 
Germanium -68 
Helium -3 
Holmium -166 
Hydrogen -2, -3 
Iodine -125, -131 
Iridium -192 
Iron-54, -55, -57, -58 
Krypton -78, -86 
Lead-204 
Lithium -6, -7 
 
  
Lutetium -176, -177 
Magnesium -28 
Molybdenum -99 
Nickel -61, -62, -63 
Palladium -103 
Phosphorous -32 
Platinum -195m  
Plutonium -238, -239, -240, -242 
Polonium -209 
Rubidium -85, -87 
Samarium -152 
Selenium -75 
Silicon -29, -32 
Sodium -22 
Strontium -82, -84, -85, -88, -89, -90 
Technetium -95m,99  
Tellurium -124 
Thallium -203 
Thorium -229, -230 
Titanium -44 
Tungsten -188/Rhenium -188 
Uranium -234, -235, -238 
Xenon -124, -126, -127, -133 
Yttrium -88, -90 
Zinc-65, -66, -68, -70 
Zirconium -90, -92, -94, -96 
 
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  III. POWER ADMINISTRATIONS  
 
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprises  
 
 (a) Identification of state trading enterprises  
 
The United States maintains the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville), Southeastern Power 
Administration (Southeastern), Southwestern Power Administration (Southwestern), and Western 
Area Power Administra tion (Western) within the Department of Energy. Southeastern and 
Southwestern had no foreign transactions in the current or recent reporting periods. Information 
on these two entities is being provided for transparency purposes.  
 
 (b) Description of produ ct affected  
 
The product affected is Electrical Energy, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2716.  
 
2. Reason and Purpose  
 
 (a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprises  
 
The Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) market wholesale electricity generated at 
hydroelectric dams owned and managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) 
and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Bonneville also markets electricity 
generated by a nuclear plant owned a nd operated by Energy Northwest, and by a non -federally 
owned and operated hydro project. Western also markets about 400 MW of capacity generated by 
the Navajo coal -fired plant in Arizona. The federal government began to market electricity after 
Congress a uthorized the construction of the dams and established major water projects by the 
Corps and Reclamation, primarily in the 1930s through the 1960s. The Corps and Reclamation 
operate these projects to provide or manage water for such multiple purposes as ir rigation, flood 
control, navigation, recreation, water supply, and environmental enhancement. These agencies 
also generate electricity at hydropower plants located at federal water projects. The PMAs sell the 
power that is not used for projects' purposes t o cooperatives and public bodies, such as municipal 
utilities, irrigation districts, military installations, and to other utilities, and any power surplus to 
those needs to other power purchasing entities.  
 
The self -financed Bonneville is obligated to meet  requesting electric public utility, non -generating, 
electric loads in its Pacific Northwest marketing area; encourage conservation, develop renewable 
energy resources; and to protect, mitigate and enhance the fish and wildlife of the Columbia River 
and it s tributaries. Bonneville sells at wholesale the electric power produced at 31 operating 
federal hydroelectric projects owned and operated by the Corps and Reclamation, and the electric 
power produced by the non -federally owned and operated nuclear and hyd ro plants previously 
mentioned. Bonneville acquires and sells non -Federal electric power and conservation resources 
sufficient to meet the net, non -generating, requirements of Bonneville public customers. 
Bonneville's Administrator and the Corps' Division Engineer, Northwestern Division, are directed by 
Executive Order to be the US Entity overseeing the execution of the 1961 Columbia River Treaty 
between the US and Canada.  
 
 (b) Legal authority  
 
The Department of Energy is responsible for the regionally bas ed PMAs, which operate pursuant to 
their enabling legislation, including the Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977.  
 
The Bonneville Project Act of 1937 ("Project Act") established the Bonneville Power Administration 
within the Department of the Int erior (later incorporated into the Department of Energy). The 
Bonneville Project Act, the Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, the Pacific 
Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980, and other federal laws, contain 
provisions that define Bonneville's mission and/or affect the way it is carried out.  
 
The missions of the Southeastern Power Administration and the Southwestern Power 
Administration are set forth in section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.  
 G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  The authority  for Western Area Power Administration's operations derives from the federal 
reclamations laws, in particular section 9(c) of the Reclamation Project Act of 1939, and consistent 
with section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.  
 
3. Description of the Funct ioning of the State Trading Enterprises  
 
 (a) Overview  
 
The PMAs sell electric power generated by hydroelectric projects (and others as noted) owned and 
operated by Reclamation or the Corps, who also provide or manage water for such multiple 
purposes as ir rigation, flood control, navigation, recreation, municipal water supply, and 
environmental enhancement.  
 
(b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprises  
 
The PMAs, except the self -financed Bonneville,  are funded primarily by annual appropriations to 
the Department of Energy, and most of the non -Bonneville PMA revenue generated is deposited in 
the Miscellaneous Receipts account and the Reclamation Fund in the US Treasury. The PMAs are 
exempt from Federa l income taxation and from state and local taxation.  
 
To finance its capital programs, Bonneville is authorized by the Federal Columbia River 
Transmission System Act of 1974, as amended, to issue to the US Treasury up to $4.45 billion of 
interest -bearing b onds with terms and repayment conditions comparable to debt issued by 
US government corporations. Bonneville is statutorily treated (16 USC 838i (c)) as a wholly -owned 
US Government corporation under provisions of the Government Corporation Control Act 
(31 USC 9106) for purposes of its financial and budget operations.  
 
(c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
 
More than 3,000 private investor -owned, local government -owned, and cooperatively -owned 
utilities engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity are permitted to 
import and export electricity.  
 
 (d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprises  
 
The PMAs may import and export electricity as authorized by each PMA's legislative authority and 
by its management. Southeastern and Southwestern do not import or export power to other 
countries. Western imports and exports only non -firm power. A portion  of the firm power output 
generated at federal and nonfederal Columbia River projects is owned by Canada ("Canadian 
Entitlement") under the terms of the Columbia River Treaty, and Bonneville delivers that power to 
Canada primarily at the US/Canada border a nd is obligated to do so through at least 
16 September  2024. Additionally, from time to time, Bonneville may export short -term non -firm or 
firm energy or capacity.  
 
The PMAs are not required to obtain export authorizations. Import and export levels are 
determined by supply and demand.  
 
 (e) How export prices are determined  
 
Western and Bonneville export surplus power at market -based rates.  
 
 (f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 
The cost Bonneville and Western incur to purchase imp orted power is incorporated into the power -
related production costs for these agencies.  The resale price of all firm power sales is made at 
cost-based firm power rates.  The price of non -firm power sales is set at market rates.  This market 
price can vary si gnificantly, depending on market conditions. Any excess revenue derived from the 
sale of surplus power is used to reduce future firm power rates, insuring that the agencies do not 
recover more than their full power -related costs.  
 G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  (g) Whether long -term con tracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprises. Whether 
the state trading enterprises are used to fulfill contractual obligations entered into by 
the government . 
 
Bonneville, Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western sign long -term contracts for the sale of 
federally -generated power within the United States. Western does not sign long -term contracts for 
the exportation or importation of non -firm power. The Columbia River Treaty provides for the 
delivery of the Canadian share of the Treaty downstream p ower benefits to the Canadian border 
through at least September 16, 2024, of approximately 4.3 Terawatt hours annually.  
 
 (h) Description of market structure  
 
The structure for the electricity market is competitive. Private investor -owned utilities, both 
US and foreign -owned, government instrumentalities and government -owned providers of 
electricity, are engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the US. 
The regional electric grids are interconnected with Canada and Mexico. T here is no tariff on 
electricity.  
 
4. Statistical Information  
 
See attached tables.  
 
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
 
Not applicable.  
 
6. Other information  
 
None.  
 
IV. STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE  
 
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise  
 
 (a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
 
The United States maintains the Strategic Petroleum Reserve within the Department of Energy.  
 
 (b) Description of product affected  
 
The product affected is Crude Petroleum, Harmonized Tariff Syst em Number 2709.  
 
2. Reason and Purpose  
 
 (a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
 
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is a crude oil stockpile, managed by the Department of 
Energy (DOE). The SPR mission is to r educe vulnerability to economic, national security, and 
foreign policy consequences of supply interruptions.  
 
 (b) Legal authority  
 
The SPR was created pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 22 December 1975 
(Public Law 94 -163), as amended,  to reduce the impact of disruptions in supplies of petroleum 
products and to carry out obligations of the United States under the Agreement on an 
International Energy Program.  
 G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  3. Description and Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
 
 (a) Overview  
 
The United States, through the Strategic Petroleum Reserve of the Department of Energy, owns 
and operates four underground storage facilities for crude oil with a combined storage capacity of 
727 million barrels. SPR acquires both domestic and imported cr ude oil through purchase and 
exchange, and as well as production and royalties from Federal lands. In recent years, oil has been 
obtained primarily through the competitive exchange of Federal offshore royalty oil for domestic or 
imported oil to be delivere d to the SPR.  
 
During an emergency "drawdown" of crude oil from the reserve, the Department of Energy is to 
competitively sell and distribute the crude oil to purchasers primarily through commercial pipelines 
and marine terminals.  
 
As of 31 December 2007, the SPR held about 696.9 million barrels of crude oil. Together, the 
facilities and crude oil represent more than a $20 billion national investment.  
 
(b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
The Department of Energy, Strategic Petroleum Reserve, is an agency of the United States 
Government funded by annual appropriations for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account and the 
SPR Petroleum Account. During an emergency drawdown and sale of crude oil,  the SPR Petroleum 
Account is the source of funding the incremental costs of withdrawing oil from the storage caverns 
and transporting it to the point where purchasers take title. If additional funds are required for 
drawdown, they may be transferred from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account or other 
Department of Energy offices. The Federal Government deposits to the account an amount equal 
to receipts realized from sales resulting from an emergency drawdown to create additional funding 
to fill the SPR.   
 
(c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
 
Private companies engaged in the exploration, production, refining, storage and distribution of 
crude oi l are permitted to import and export crude oil.  
 
 (d) How import/export levels are established for state trading enterprise  
 
Oil is imported in accordance with Reserve fill plans as determined by legislative or administration 
direction.  
 
 (e) How export pr ices are determined  
 
The Department of Energy Strategic Petroleum Reserve does not export crude oil.  
 
 (f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 
Imported and domestic  crude oil is commingled in the underground storage facilities. The price of 
SPR crude oil sold is determined through competition open to all financially responsible offerors.  
 
(g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfill contractual obligations entered into by the 
government . 
 
The Department of Energy Strategic Petroleum Reserve has competitively negotiated six -month 
term royalty exchange contracts to fill the Reserv e. 
 
 (h) Description of market structure  
 
The structure of the crude oil market is international and competitive. Vertically -integrated oil 
companies and independent companies, both US and foreign -owned, are engaged in the G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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  exploration, production, refining , storage and distribution of crude oil in the US. The tariffs on 
crude oil are 5.25  cents per barrel for crude oil testing less than 25 degrees API and 10.5 cents per 
barrel for crude oil testing 25 degrees API or more.  
 
4. Statistical Information  
 
See a ttached tables.  
 
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
 
Not applicable.  
 
6. Additional Information  
 
None.  
 
  
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
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TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND D ISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2006  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark-up National Production  
Element, Isotope & 
Compound with Radioactivity 
only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope 
& Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  758,852 MBq  $1.18/MBq  Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
 
 
 
 
  
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 15 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2007  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity  Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark-up National Production  
Element, Isotope & 
Compound with Radioactivity 
only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope 
& Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  185,000 MBq  $0.14/MBq  Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
 
 
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 16 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND D ISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2006  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price National Production  
Element, Isotope & 
Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, 
Isotope & Compound, 
nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  297,898  $208,131  Unknown  $0.70/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  4.31 kg  $299,514  Unknown  $69,572/kg  Unknown  
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 17 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2007  
 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price National Production  
Element, Isotope & 
Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, 
Isotope & Compound, 
nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  807299  $147,396  Unknown  $0.18/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0.03 $0 Unknown  $9,407/kg  Unknown  
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 18 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND D ISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2006  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State Trading 
Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  $0 Unknown  8,574,435 MBq  
($1.18/MBq)  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  $0 Unknown  34.74 kg  
$55,685/kg  Unknown  
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 19 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2007  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State Trading 
Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  $0 Unknown  4,097,186 MBq  
($2.27/MBq)  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  $0 Unknown  6.047 kg  
$588,771/kg  Unknown  
 
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 20 - TABLE I2 
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTRA TION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2006  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                
2 Southeastern and Western amounts are fiscal year (October – September) rather than calendar year amounts.  
3 Energy Information Administration, 2011 Annual Energy Review, September, 2012, Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years , 1949-2011, Trade - Exports 
and Imports, p. 221.  
4 Energy Information Administration, 2011 Annual Energy Review, September, 2012, Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricit y, Selected Years, 1960 -2011, 
Cents per kilowatt hour – nominal – Total Sales, p . 255.  
5 Energy Information Administration, 2011 Annual Energy Review, September, 2012, Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years , 1949 -2011, Net Generation, 
p. 221.   Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Imported3 Quantity Imported by State 
Trading Enterprise  Average Import 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price4 Mark-up National Production5 
Southeastern  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 43 billion KWH  0 N/A 8.90 cents/KWH  N/A 4,065 billion KWH  
Southwestern  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 43 billion KWH  0 N/A 8.90 cents/KWH  N/A 4,065 billion KWH  
Western  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 43 billion KWH  0.21 billion KWH  $0.069/KWH  8.90 cents/KWH  N/A 4,065 billion KWH  
Bonneville  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 43 billion KWH  Op Agrmnts: .24 billion KWH 
Energy: .56 billion KWH  Op Agrmnts: n/a. 
Energy: 
$.051/KWH  8.90 cents/KWH  N/A 4,065 billion KWH   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 21 -  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2007  
  
                                                
6 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review", Table 7.1 (Electricity Overview).  
7 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, Table 9.9 (Average Retail Prices of Electricity).  
8 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly", Table ES1.B (Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics).   Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Imported6 Quantity Imported by State 
Trading Enterprise  Average Import 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price7 Mark-up National Production8 
Southeastern  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 51 billion KWH  0 N/A 9.14 cents/KWH  N/A 4,160 billion KWH  
Southwestern  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 51 billion KWH  0 N/A 9.14 cents/KWH  N/A 4,160 billion KWH  
Western  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 51 billion KWH  0.22 billion KWH  $0.058/KWH  9.14 cents/KWH  N/A 4,160 billion KWH  
Bonneville  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 51 billion KWH  Op Agrmnts: .24 billion KWH 
Energy: .07 billion KWH  Op Agrmnts: n/a. 
Energy: 
$.057/KWH  9.14 cents/KWH  N/A 4,160 billion KWH   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 22 - TABLE II12 
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTRA TION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2006  
  
                                                
9 Energ y Information Administration, 2011 Annual Energy Review, September, 2012, Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 194 9-2011, Trade – Exports 
and Imports, p. 221.  
10 Energy Information Administration, 2011 Annual Energy Review, September, 2012, Table  8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960 -2011, 
Cents per kilowatt hour – nominal – Total Sales, p. 255.  
11 Energy Information Administration, 2011 Annual Energy Review, September, 2012, Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years , 1949-2011, Net Generation, 
p. 221. 
12 Southeastern and Western amounts are fiscal year (October – September) rather than calendar year amounts.   Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Exported9 Quantity Exported by State 
Trading Enterprise  Average Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price10 Average Export 
Price National 
Production11 
Southeastern  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 24 billion KWH  0 N/A 8.90 cents/KWH  N/A 4,065 billion KWH  
Southwestern  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 24 billion KWH  0 N/A 8.90 cents/KWH  N/A 4,065 billion KWH  
Western  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 24 billion KWH  137.9 million KWH  N/A 8.90 cents/KWH  $0.0533 / KWH  4,065 billion KWH 
Bonneville  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 24 billion KWH  Op Agrmnts: 5.05 billion 
KWH. Energy: 3.42 billion 
KWH N/A 8.90 cents/KWH  Op Agrmnts: 
n/a Energy:  
$0.0285 / KWH  4,065 billion KWH   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 23 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2007  
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Exported13 Quantity Exported by State 
Trading Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales  Price14 Average Export 
Price National 
Production15 
Southeastern  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 20 billion KWH  0 N/A 9.14 cents/KWH  N/A 4,160 billion KWH  
Southwestern  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 20 billion KWH  0 N/A 9.14 cents/KWH  N/A 4,160 billion KWH  
Western  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 20 billion KWH  118.5 million KWH  N/A 9.14 cents/KWH  $0.0474 / KWH  4,160 billion KWH  
Bonneville  Electrical 
Energy - HS 
2716 20 billion KWH  Op Agrmnts: 5.05 billion 
KWH. Energy: 0.3 billion 
KWH N/A 9.14 cents/KWH  Op Agrmnts: 
n/a Energy:  
$0.057 / KWH  4,160 billion KWH  
  
                                                
13 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review", Table 7.1 (Electricity Overview).  
14 Energy Informa tion Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, Table 9.9 (Average Retail Prices of Electricity).  
15 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly", Table ES1.B (Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics).   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 24 - TABLE III16 
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTRA TION 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2006  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By State 
Trading Enterprises  National Production17 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption18 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  505 million KWH  4,065 billion KWH  5.3 billion KWH  3,817 billion KWH  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  851.9 million KWH  4,065 billion KWH  2.4 billion KWH  3,817 billion KWH  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  9,069 million KWH  4,065 billion KWH  38.9 billion KWH  3,817 billion KWH  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  7.6 billion KWH  4,065 billion KWH  88.0 billion KWH  3,817  billion KWH  
  
                                                
16 Southeastern and Western amounts are fiscal year (October – September) rather than calendar year amounts.  
17 Energy Information Administration, 2011 Annual Energy Review, September, 2012, Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years , 1949 -2011, Net Gener ation, 
p. 221.  
18 Energy Information Administration, 2011 Annual Energy Review, September, 2012, Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years , 1949 -2011, End Use.   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 25 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2007  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By State 
Trading Enterprises  National Production19 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption20 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  1.1 billion KWH  4,160 billion KWH  5.0 billion KWH  3,892 billion KWH  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  88.5 million KWH  4,160 billion KWH  5.8 billion KWH  3,892 billion KWH  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  10,482 million KWH  4,160 billion KWH  35.2 billion KWH  3,892 billion KWH  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  2.5 billion KWH  4,160 billion KWH  80.7 billion KWH  3,892 billion KWH  
 
 
 
  
                                                
19 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly", Table ES1.B (Total Electric P ower Industry Summary Statistics).  
20 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review", Table 7.1 (Electricity Overview).   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 26 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2006  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported *  Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price **  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price ***  Mark-up National Production ****  
Crude Oil  - HS 2709  3,693,081  
(1,000 Barrels)  0 $57.03  $59.69  
(Per Barrel)  N/A 1,856,340  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Source: 2012 U.S. Annual Imports of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=mcrimus1&f=a .  
** Source: EIA F.O.B. Costs of Imported Crude Oil by Area,  https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_imc1_k_a.htm .  
*** The actual domestic average price represents the average price at the lease (or wellhead) at which domestic crude oil is purch ased. Source: EIA Domestic 
Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_K_A.htm .  
**** Source: EIA U.S. Annual Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n= pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a . 
 
 
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 27 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2007  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported *  Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price **  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price ***  Mark-up National Production ****  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  3,661,404  
(1,000 Barrels)  0 $66.36  $66.52  
(Per Barrel)  N/A 1,852,990 (1,000 Barrels)  
* Source: 2012 U.S. Annual Imports of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=mcrimus1&f=a .  
** Source: EIA F.O.B. Costs of Imported Crude Oil by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_imc1_k_a.htm .  
*** The actual domestic average price represents the average price at the lease (or wellhead) at which domestic crude oil is purc hased. Source: EIA Domestic 
Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_K_A.htm .  
**** Source: EIA U.S. Annual Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a .  
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 28 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2006  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported *  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price **  Average Export 
Price ***  National Production 
**** 
Crude Oil - HS 
2709 8,999  
(1,000 Barrels)  0 N/A $59.69  
(Per Barrel)  $59.69  
(Per Barrel)  1,856,340 (1,000 
Barrels)  
* Source: U.S. Exports of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm .  
** The actual domestic average price represents the average price at the lease (or wellhead) at which domestic crude oil is purc hased. Source: EIA Domestic 
Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_k_A.htm .  
*** Source: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_K_A.htm .  
**** Source: EIA U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a .  
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 29 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2007  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantit y 
Exported *  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price 
** Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price ***  National Production 
**** 
Crude Oil - HS 
2709 10,006 (1,000 
Barrels)  0 N/A $66.52  
(Per Barrel)  $66.52  
(Per Barrel)  1,852,990 (1,000 
Barrels)  
* Source: U.S. Exports of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** The actual domestic average price represents the average price at the lease (or wellhead) at which domestic crude oil is purc hased. Source: EIA Domestic 
Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by Area, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_k_A.htm . 
*** Source: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PRI_DFP1_K_A.htm . 
**** Source:  EIA U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a . 
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 30 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2006  
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production *  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption **  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0 1,856,340 (1,000 Barrels)  0 20,687  
(1,000 Barrels/Day 
Average)  
* Source: EIA  U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a .  
** Source: EIA  U.S. Product Supplied of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mttupus2&f=a . 
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA/Rev.1  
 
- 31 - STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2007  
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production*  Domestic Sales By S tate 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption **  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  1,676 (1,000 Barrels)  1,852,990 (1,000 Barrels)  0 20,680  
(1,000 Barrels/Day 
Average)  
* Source: EIA  U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=a . 
** Source: EIA  U.S. Product Supplied of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products,  https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mttupus2&f=a . 
 
__________