Reference number  
DRS  368: 2017  
© RBS yyyy 
© RSB 2017  
 
 RWANDA 
STANDARD  DRS  
368 
 
First edition  
2017 -mm-dd 
 
Garage wastes  management — Handling  
and disposal  
 
  DRS  368: 2017  
©RSB 2017 All  rights reserved                  ii 
 
 In order to match with technological development and to keep continuous progress in industries, 
Standards are subject to periodic review. Users shall ascertain that they are in possession of the latest 
edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© RSB 2017  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified , no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized 
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without 
prior written permission from R SB. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be  addressed to  
Rwanda Standards  Board  
P.O Box 7099 Kigali -Rwanda  
Tel. +250 252 586103/ 582945  
Toll Free: 3250  
E-mail: info@rsb.gov.rw  
Website: www.rsb.gov.rw  DRS  368: 2017  
iii                 ©RSB 2017 All rights reserved  
 
 Contents  Page 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  1 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  2 
4.1 General provisions  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  2 
4.2 Onsite storage  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  2 
4.3 Garage  wastes classification  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 3 
4.3.1  Hazardous wastes  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  3 
4.3.2  Recyclables and general wastes  ................................ ................................ ................................  6 
4.3.3  Scrap metals  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 6 
4.4 Wastes  segregation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  7 
4.5 Wastewater  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 7 
5 Transportation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  7 
Annex  A (informative)  Chemical and material composition of tyres  ................................ ..................  8 
A.1 Material composition ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  8 
A.2 Chemical composition  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  8 
Annex  B (informative)  Potential risk of waste tyres mismanagement  ................................ ................  9 
B.1 Risk due to uncontrolled open -air burning ................................ ................................ ................  9 
B.2 Risk due to controlled stockpiling or la ndfilling  ................................ ................................ ....... 9 
 
 DRS  368: 2017  
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 Foreword  
Rwanda Standard s are prepared  by Technical Committees and approved by R wanda Standards Board (RSB) 
Board  of Directors in  accordance with the procedures of RSB, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT 
agreement on the preparation, adoption and application of standards.  
The main task of technical committees is to prepare national standards.  Final Draft Rwanda S tandards adop ted 
by Technical committ ees are ratified by me mbers of RSB Board of Director s for publication and gazettment as 
Rwanda Standards.  
DRS 368 was prepared by Technical Committee RSB/TC 013, Environment, Health and Safety . 
  DRS  368: 2017  
v                 ©RSB 2017 All rights reserved  
 
 Committee membership  
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee on Environment, Health and Safety  
(RSB/TC 013) in the preparation of this standard.  
Best Garage Ltd  
Garage  ATECAR  
Garage  WEIKL  
Imperial Garage  
Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM)  
National Compa ny of Tubes (SONATUBE Ltd)  
Prime Auto Care Garage  
Pure Pro  
Ruliba  Clay Ltd  
Rwanda Garage Association  (RGA)  
SORWATHE Ltd  
Star Construction & Consultancy  (SCC)  
The Integra ted Polytechnic Regional Centre/Kigali ( IPRC -Kigali ) 
University of Rwanda / College of Sciences and Technology ( UR-CST) 
Water and Sanitation Corporation Ltd  
Rwanda  Standards Board  (RSB) – Secretariat  
  DRS  368: 2017  
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 Introduction  
Sites such as g arages generate significant amounts of hazardous waste that should be disposed of 
appropriately. The  majority of waste from garages can be recycled (used tyres, metal parts, etc.). Hazardous 
waste  from garage may include : Used oil, transmission and brake fluids, solvents, cleaning agents, paints and 
thinners, batteries, abrasive grit blast media. Additio nally, garages can ge nerate a huge quantity of waste water 
in which waste oil can be mixed and present a danger to the natural environment . based on that noxious 
characteristic, those waste require adequate collection  and handling by competent garage waste s handlers.  
This standard gives appropriate way of garage waste collection, classification and how they shall/should be 
managed in order to minimize  risks to human health and the environment , hence  making those waste a source 
of revenue.  
 DRS 368: 2017  
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 Garage wastes management — Handling and disposal  
1 Scope  
This Draft Rwanda Standard  provide s requirements for safe garage waste s handling which includes proper 
collection, sorting and transportation for safe reuse, recover, recycling, further treatment and disposal . It also 
provides minimum guidelines for garage wastes  handling.  
2 Normative references  
The following refer enced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document 
(including any amendments) applies.  
RS 181,  Solid waste — Handling,  collection, transportation and disposal — Code of practice  
RS 276 -1, Electrica l and electronic waste — Handling  — Code of Practice  
RS 276 -2, Electrical and electronic waste  —Treatment and disposal  — Code of Practice  
RS 109,  Water quality  — Dischar ged industrial wastewater  — Requirements  
RS 183 , Occupational health and safety — Management systems — Requirements  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, the follow ing terms and definitions apply.  
3.1  
garage  
establishment /workshop under  garage statu s in which motor vehicles are repaired, serviced, bought, and sold, 
and which  usually sells  motor fuels  and spare parts  
3.2 
garage operator  
owner or a person in charge of o perations occurring in a garage  
3.3 
waste oil  
any petroleum -based or synthetic oil that  has been used,  and as a result of such use , is contaminated by 
physical or chemical properties hence  become unsuitable for its original purpose due to the presence of 
impurities or loss of original properties   
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 3.4 
hazardo us waste  
any subs tances whether solid, liquid or gaseous that cause a serious harm to human health, security and other 
biodiversity together with  the quality of the environment  
3.5 
disposal  
any operation which does not lead to recycling, recovery or reuse and includes phys ic-chemical, biological 
treatment, incineration a nd disposal in secured landfill  
3.6 
waste tyre  
new, used, retreated, un -roadworthy tyre, not suitable to be retreated, repaired, or sold as part worn tyre and 
not fit for its original  intended use  
3.7 
wastewater  
used water arising from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or institutional activities, surface 
runoff and any sewer inflow/infiltration water and which can include collected storm water  
4 Requirement s 
4.1 General provisions  
4.1.1  Any garage shall have a well -established system to manage solid and liquid wastes produced within its 
premises  and keep records . 
4.1.2 Storm water  diversion works shall be constructed and maintained on a continuous basis.  
4.1.3 The garage operator has the responsibility to ensure that his/her wastes are handled and disposed of 
with proper care. In case garage wastes are managed by a private service provider, the garage operator shall 
have a written agreement for the collection and management of his/her wast es with a carrier approved by a 
competent authority in charge of wastes management.  
4.2 Onsite storage  
4.2.1  Garage wastes pending disposal  shall be collected and stored  on site according to their classification 
as provided in this standard , clause 4.3 . 
4.2.2  Garage w aste classified as hazardous shall be stored in a place specially designed , labelled and 
dedicated  for them to avoid any contamination  of other types of waste . 
NOTE Using the same area for the storage of hazardous wastes and other types of waste could cause cross -
contamination which would complicate their management.  
4.2.3  Onsite s torage area s shall be:  
a) designed to retain any spilled liquid products and not allowing any infiltration;  DRS 368: 2017  
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 b) covered with a roof to avoid contact between stored materials and rainwater ; and  
c) only accessible to the staff in charge and not allowing the access of animals and minimizing the proliferation 
of the insects . 
4.3 Garage wastes classification  
4.3.1 Management of garage wastes require an attentive separation where by they are classified into three  
categories:  
a) hazardous wastes ; 
b) recyclable and general wastes ; and  
c) metals  (scrap metals) . 
4.3.2  Particular attention shall be paid to ‘wastewater generated from ca r washing services . 
4.3.1  Hazardous wastes  
4.3.1.1  The main hazardous wastes generated in garages are:  
a) waste oil, oil filters and solid oily wastes (rags and sawdust); 
b) lead acid batteries;  
c) coolants  and brake fluid s; and 
d) paints  
4.3.1.2  Collection and  transportation of hazardous wastes from garage shall only be done by a licensed person 
having a permission for collection and transportation of hazardous wastes  from a recognized competent 
authority . 
4.3.1.3  Handlers of hazardous waste s shall wear complete protective garments in accordance with RS 183 . 
4.3.1.1  Waste  oil 
4.3.1.1.1  All waste oil generated at the garage shall be collected and stored in a specific container (above 
the ground) that is leak-proof , corrosi on-resistant , fire resistant a nd non-reacting  to waste oil.  If underground 
storage is used, it shall be in a steel tank and allow monitoring.  
4.3.1.1.2  The waste oil storage tank  or container sh all be tightly and securely capped and water cont act 
minimized . 
4.3.1.1.3  Mixing different types of waste oils shall be avoided to prevent incompatible mixtures .  
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 4.3.1.1.4  Containers of such waste shall not be over filled to avoid inappropriate dispersal of waste. Such 
containers shall be clearly labelled to indicate the nature of waste  (e.g. wit h the words “used oil”) . 
4.3.1.1.5  In case of sp ills/leaks, cotton, rags or saw dust shall be used for cleaning instead of water.  
4.3.1.1.6  The Garage service operator is responsible for ensuring that the used oil is sent to a waste 
management facility appr oved to accept this class of waste by a national regulatory authority in charge of wastes 
management . 
NOTE  As a general practice, garage operators are encouraged to send used oil from garages to re -refining facilities 
for the protection of the environment  and conservation of resources.  
4.3.1.1.7  Waste oil shall not be used in combustion systems unless specific approval to do so is given by an 
authority in charge of environmental protection.  
4.3.1.1.8  The garage operator shall prevent the entry of oil into s ewer systems, drains and the natural 
environment.  
4.3.1.2  Solid oily wastes (rag s and saw dust) and oil filters  
4.3.1.2.1  Oily solid waste (rags and saw dust) shall never be thrown into the regular rubbish. They shall be 
stored separately in a drum and treated as a hazardous waste.  
4.3.1.2.2  Filters shall be drain ed as much oil as possible and they  shall be stored separately and handled as 
a hazardous waste.  
4.3.1.3  Coolants and brake fluid s 
4.3.1.3.1  Along with waste oil; coo lants and brake fluid wastes are hazardous, and their management shall 
respect the re quirements provided in 4.3.1.1.  
4.3.1.3.2  Coolants and brake fluid waste s shall not be disposed of  by dumping them on the ground, into a 
storm drain  and municipal sewerage  system or  into a septic system.  
NOTE  Brake fluid is flammable and poisonous. Putting any used brake fluid in a sealed and dedicated container until 
it can be properly disposed of is a good practice. The example of brake fluid disposal is the same with the  disposal of all 
automotive fluids.  
4.3.1.4  Waste paints  
4.3.1.4.1   Paints and material s contaminated with paint shall be considered hazardous as they are frequently 
flammable and present a fire hazard  and be handled as such.  
4.3.1.4.2   The management of waste paints shall respect the  follow ing points :  
 DRS 368: 2017  
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  Do not mix differe nt types of paints or solvents.  
 Pouring liquid waste paints down the drain or into the bin shall be avoided, appropriate container for onsite 
storage shall be used.  
 Make sure container s are sealed and do not leak.  
 label the container with a description of content.  
 Place waste  paint s in the designated and covered area for pick -up.  
4.3.1.4.3   Manufacturer instruction on disposal of wastes paints  and empty container s shall be respected.  
4.3.1.4.4   It is the responsibility of garage operator to make sure that waste paints are disposed of via a 
licensed waste facility.  
4.3.1.4.5   Any transportation of wastes paints and their container shall be in accordance with nation al laws 
and regulations on hazardous wastes transportation.  
4.3.1.5  Waste batteries   
4.3.1. 5.1 Waste batteries shall be handled by a waste battery reclaiming facility approved by the competent 
authority . 
4.3.1. 5.2 Due to their particular hazardous characteristic,  batteries shall be treated according to their types 
and separately from other types of wastes.  
4.3.1. 5.3  The treatment of batteries shall demonstrably recover the useful components of adequate purity 
and such treatment shall include measures to prevent any kind of pollution.  
4.3.1. 5.4 On-site storage shall be in a single layer (stacking increases the risk of short circuits and acid 
leaks).  
4.3.1. 5.5 Those  waste  batteries should be equipped with secondary containment that is resistant to acid 
(such as po lyethylene)  
4.3.1. 5.6 On site s torage areas should be curbed or otherwise designed to retain any acid that may leak . 
4.3.1. 5.7 Waste  batteries when transported offsite for further treatments, shall be in a leak proof co ntainer 
that is acid -resistant.  
4.3.1.6  Tyres  
4.3.1. 6.1 Tyres are designed and built to last and as such be  not naturally degradable and difficult to treat . 
Landfilling of waste tyre s shall be avoided or minimized.  
Note  a tyre  contains about 1.5  % by weight of hazardous substances: including but  not limited to carbon black, 
Cadmium, Copper compounds, Zinc compounds, Lead and Lead compounds, Acidic solutions or acids in solid form and 
Organo -halogen compounds ).  
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 4.3.1. 6.2 Tyres recycling and reuse should be encouraged   
4.3.1. 6.3 any modification for the use of waste tyres in civil engineering and other applications  shall be 
physical without the need for a chemical process in which the structure (thermosetting materials) is broken. It 
can be used whole or chipped . 
4.3.1. 6.4 Disposa l of whole tyres or their landfilling where waste tyres are in contact with rainwater shall be 
avoided. Tyres should be chipped and kept in a covered place.  
4.3.1. 6.5 Before recovering the energy potential of waste tyres or disposing of a waste tyre at a w aste 
disposal facility, garage operator shall investigate the options of reusing or recycling waste tyres.  
4.3.1. 6.6 Uncontrolled incineration  or burning of waste tyres  in an open space shall be prohibited . burning 
waste tyres for  energy recovery shall be  subjected to EIA and other environmental impact studies.  
4.3.1.6.1  Waste tyre storage  
4.3.1. 6.1.1 Waste tyres storage shall be accepted only if other means for its reuse and recycling are not 
feasible . 
4.3.1. 6.1.2 Waste tyres  storage area or facility shall not be sited on wetlands, flood plains, ravines, 
canyons, on steeply graded surfaces or anywhere else where they may pose a significant environmental or fire 
risk. 
4.3.1. 6.1.3 The site sh all be flat with a concrete or hard p acked clay surface that is designed to capture 
and contain water runoff .  
4.3.2  Recyclables and general wastes  
Handling, collection, transportation  and disposal of garage’s recyclables and general wastes shall be in 
accordance with the provisions of RS 181. This exclude s any waste that may has been in contact or 
contaminated by any hazardous waste from garage as described in this standards ( clause 4.3.1 ). 
NOTE  Recyclable wastes from garage may consist of wastes assimilated to domestic wastes but not contaminated by 
hazardous materials.  
4.3.3  Scrap m etals  
4.3.3.1  Metal s/scrap s shall be recycled, reused and sha ll not be landfilled or dumped.  
NOTE  Recycling includes lead recycling, copper recycling  and precious metals recycling.  
4.3.3.2  After sorting of metal  fractions, th ey shall be sent to metal recovery facilities.  DRS 368: 2017  
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 4.4 Wastes s egregation  
4.4.1  Garage wastes shall be collected separately in respect of  their waste nature and classes as provided 
in clause 4.3 . 
4.4.2  Segregation of garage waste shall also be in accordance with the provisions of RS 181 RS 276 -1 and 
RS 276 -2 where applicable . 
4.5 Waste water  
4.5.1  Wastewater  from garages shall undergo treatment process before its final disposal  into the 
environment.  
4.5.2  Grease and oil shall be trapped and removed from the wastewater stream prior its treatment.  
4.5.3  If the effluent from garage (s) are discharged into common effluent treatment or municipal sewerage 
system, the effluent shall meet the requirements of the receiving treatment plant.  
4.5.4  The effluent from the above stated treatment shall comply with the provisions of RS 109 before its 
discharge to the municipal sewerage system or to the other receiving environment.  
5 Transportation  
5.1 Transportation of wast es from garage shall be in accordance with national laws and regulations pertaining 
to the transportation of hazardous wastes as well as those o f other solid and liquid wastes.  
5.2 Transportation modalities provided in RS 181, RS 276 -1 and RS 276 -2 shall b e respected.  
5.3 Garage wastes shall be transported separately in accordance with their classification . 
   
©RSB 2017 All  rights reserved                  8 
 
 Annex  A 
(informative)  
 
Chemical and material composition of tyres  
A.1 Material composition  
Approximately 80% of the weight of car tyres and 75  % of truck tyres is rubber compound. The composition of 
the tyres produced by different manufacturers are very similar.  
Table A.1 Comparison of material  composition of passenger car and truck tyres.  
Material  Passenger Car  Truck  
 Rubber /Elastomers  47% 45% 
 Carbon black*  21,50%  22% 
 Metal  16,50%  25% 
Textile  5,50%  -- 
Zinc oxide  1% 2% 
Sulphur  1% 1% 
Additives  7,50%  5% 
* Part of the carbon black may be replaced by silica in certain types of tyres   
A.2 Chemical composition  
Tyres contain about 1.5% by weight of elements or compounds listed in Table A.2 as per the Basel Convention. 
These are encased in the rubber compound or present as an alloying element  
Table A.2    Convention hazardous waste constituents  
Chemical Name  Remark s Content  ( % weight)  
Copper Compounds  Alloying constituent of the metallic reinforcing 
material ( Steelcord)  Approx. 0.02 %  
Zinc Compounds  Zinc Oxide, retained in the rubber matrix  Approx. 1 %  
Cadmium  On trace levels, as Cadmium compounds 
attendant substance of the Zinc Oxide  Max. 0.001 %  
Lead , Lead Compounds  On trace levels, as attendant substance of the 
Zinc Oxide  Max. 0.005 %  
Acidic solutions or  acids in solid form  Strearic acid, in solid form  Approx. 0.3 %  
Organohalogen  compounds  Halogen butyl rubber (tendency: decreasing)  Content of halogens max. 
0.10 %  DRS 368: 2017  
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 Annex  B 
(informative)  
 
Potential risk of waste tyres mismanagement  
B.1 Risk due to uncontrolled open -air burning  
Uncontrolled open -air burning is not an environmentally sound or acceptable management practice. Such 
practices can release potentially hazardous levels of carbon monoxide and mono – and polyromantic 
hydrocarbon  in the smoke plume. After open -air burning, organic compounds, like pyrolytic oils, rest in the soil 
and can cause environmental damages to the flora and fauna.  
B.2 Risk due to controlled stockpiling  or landfilling  
Under certain specifically defined climatic conditions waste tyre dumps or stockpiles ca n become the breeding 
grounds for insects, such as mosquitoes, which are capable of transmitting diseases to humans. This is of 
particular concern in tropical or sub -tropical regions  
  
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 Bibliography  
[1] RURA , Directives on minimum requirements for liquid was te disposal and  treatment , 200 9 
[2] Basel convention,  Technical  Guidelines on the Identification and Management of Used Tyres , 1999  
 DRS  368: 2017  
ICS 13.030.99  
 
 
©RSB 2017  All right s reserved