WT/DS477/9  
 
24 March 2015  
(15-1665)  Page: 1/9  
  Original: English  
 
 INDONESIA – IMPORTATION OF HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS,  
ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 
REQUEST FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PANEL BY NEW ZEALAND 
The following communication, dated 18 March 2015, from the delegation of New Zealand to the 
Chairperson of the Dispute Settlement Body, is circulated pursuant to Article 6.2 of the DSU.  
_______________ 
  On 8 May 2014, New Zealand requested consultations with the Government of the Republic of 
Indonesia ("Indonesia") pursuant to Articles 1 and 4 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures 
Governing the Settlement of Disputes  ("DSU"), Article XXII of the General Agreement on Tariffs 
and Trade 1994  ("GATT 1994"), Article 19 of the  Agreement on Agriculture , Article 6 of the 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures  ("Import Licensing Agreement"), and Articles 7 and 8 
of the Agreement on Preshipment Inspection  concerning certain measures imposed by Indonesia 
on the importation of horticultural products
1 and animals and animal products2 into Indonesia.  
New Zealand held consultations with Indone sia on 19 June 2014.  Those consultations 
unfortunately did not resolve the dispute.  As described below, Indonesia:  (a) imposes trade-restrictive import licensing regimes and related 
requirements on imports of horticultural products  and of animals and animal products; (b) imposes 
prohibitions and restrictions on imports of such products; and (c) prohibits and restricts importation of such products when domestic production is deemed sufficient to fulfill domestic 
demand. 
 I. HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS 
Indonesia imposes prohibitions and restrictions on the importation of horticultural products 
through its import licensing regime
3 for horticultural products.   
 a. Indonesia's Trade-Restrictive Import Licensing Regime 
Indonesia's import licensing regime for horticultural products involves at least three distinct 
application and approval processes:  (1) an Im porter Designation from the Ministry of Trade 
("MOT") as a Registered Importer ("RI") or Producer Importer ("PI") of horticultural products; (2) 
a horticultural product Import Recommendation ("RIPH")
4 from the Ministry of Agriculture ("MOA"); 
and (3) an Import Approval from the MOT.  Impo rters must apply for and receive each of these 
approvals in order to import horticultural products into Indonesia.  
                                               
1 The relevant Indonesian instruments define horticul ture as "all matters relati ng to fruits, vegetables, 
plant medicinal materials, and floricul ture" and horticultural products as "a ll products originating from fresh or 
processed horticultural plant."  Ministry of Trade (MOT) Regulation 16/2013, Articles 1(1) and 1(2) as amended by MOT Regulation 47/2013. 
2 The relevant Indonesian instruments define animal products as "all materials originating from animal 
that are fresh and/or processed for co nsumption, pharmaceutical, farming, an d/or other purposes for fulfilling 
the needs and welfare of human."  MOT Regulation 46/2013, Article 1(5).  This includes "carcasses, meats, and/or their derivatives."  Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Regulation 139/2014. 
3 We use the term "import licensing regime" to refe r to the set of requirements and procedures that 
must be complied with in order to import products in to Indonesia.   
4 Rekomendasi Impor Produk Hortikultura.  WT/DS477/9 
 
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Indonesia's import licensing regime for horticultural products includes, but is not limited to, the following trade-restrictive requirements:   
• RIPHs and Import Approvals are valid for limited time periods, usually six months.  
Importers may apply for RIPHs and Import Approvals only during limited time periods before the start of each validity period, and Indonesia issues RIPHs and Import 
Approvals only at the start of each period.  Importers must complete all importations 
of horticultural products covered by the RIPHs and Import Approvals issued for a 
validity period within that period, i.e., all imported horticultural products must be 
shipped, arrive, and clear customs within the period.  Indonesia prohibits or restricts 
the importation of horticultural products  covered by RIPHs and Import Approvals 
issued for a previous period. 
 
• When applying for RIPHs and Import Approv als, importers must indicate the specific 
products they will import, as well as the quan tity, country of origin, port of entry, and 
intended use of such products.  Once issued, RIPHs and Import Approvals together 
specify the type, quantity, country of origin , port of entry, and use of the products 
that each importer may import during the relevant six-month period.  Importers are prohibited or restricted from importing products of a different type, in a greater quantity, from another country, through a different port, or for a different use than 
those specified in their RIPHs and Import Approvals. 
 • Furthermore, importers are required to import a certain percentage, currently 80 
percent, of the quantity of each type of pr oduct specified on their Import Approvals for 
the applicable six-month period.  Importers may have their RI/PI Importer Designations suspended or revoked if they fail to meet this requirement.  
 
New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains the measures described above include those in Annex I.   
New Zealand considers that the measures described  above, when viewed as a single regime and 
also when viewed as requirements operating separately or in combination, are inconsistent with Indonesia's obligations under the following provisions
5:   
 
• Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994 as these measures are "prohibitions or restrictions other 
than duties, taxes or other charges" instituted or maintained on the importation of 
products into Indonesia. 
 • Article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture as these measures are "of the kind which 
have been required to be converted into ordinary customs duties."  
 
b. Prohibitions and Restrictions on the Im portation of Horticultural Products Made 
Effective Through Indonesia's Import Licensing Regime 
In addition to the trade-restrictive requirements described above, Indonesia imposes, through its 
import licensing regime, the following prohibitions and restrictions on the importation of horticultural products: 
 
• Importation of certain horticultural products is prohibited or restricted when the 
domestic market price of such products falls below a certain reference price set by a 
                                               
5 To the extent that Indonesia's im port licensing regime fo r horticultural products falls within the scope 
of the disciplines of Article 3 of the Import Licensing Agreement, New Zealand considers that the import licensing requirements and procedures, as described abov e and as set out in sections I(b) and I(c), would be 
inconsistent with Article 3.2 of the Import Licensing Agreement because they have trade-restrictive or trade-
distortive effects additional to those caused by the imposition of the restri ction, do not correspond in scope and 
duration to any measure they coul d be implementing, and are more ad ministratively burdensome than 
absolutely necessary to implement any such measure.  To  the extent that Indonesia' s import licensing regime 
falls within the scope of Article 2 of the Import Lice nsing Agreement, New Zealand considers that Indonesia's 
import licensing requirements and pr ocedures, as described above and as set out in sections I(b) and I(c), 
would be inconsistent with Article 2.2(a) of the Import  Licensing Agreement because they are administered in 
such a manner as to have restricting effects on imports. WT/DS477/9 
 
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  ministerial body.6  For instance, RIPHs are issued only if the market price of certain 
products remains above a set reference price. 
 • Indonesia prohibits or restricts the importation of fresh horticultural products for 
consumption that were harvested more than six months previously.   
 • The MOT and MOA limit the type and quantity of horticultural products allowed to be 
imported by limiting the types and quantities of products specified in an RIPH or 
Import Approval. 
 New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains these 
measures include those in Annex I. 
 New Zealand considers that the measures described above, when viewed as elements of 
Indonesia's import licensing regime and also when viewed as distinct measures, are inconsistent 
with Indonesia's obligations under the following provisions:  
• Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994 as these measures are "prohibitions or restrictions other 
than duties, taxes or other charges" instituted or maintained on the importation of products into Indonesia. 
 
• Article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture as these measures are "of the kind which 
have been required to be converted into ordinary customs duties."  
 
c. Prohibitions and Restrictions on Importat ion Relating to the Use, Sale, Offering for 
Sale, Distribution, Storage, or Transporta tion of Imported Horticultural Products 
Made Effective Through Indonesi a's Import Licensing Regime 
Indonesia also imposes, through its import licensing regime, the following prohibitions and 
restrictions on the importation of horticultural products that relate to the use, sale, offering for sale, distribution, storage, or transportation of imported products:  
• RIs are permitted to import horticultural prod ucts only for sale to distributors and are 
prohibited from importing such products for sale directly to consumers or retailers. 
 
• PIs are prohibited from importing horticultural products other than as materials for 
industrial production processes and are prohibited from trading or transferring any excess products.  
 
If importers fail to comply with these requirements, they are subject to sanction by revocation of their RI or PI Importer Designation, and ineligibility for a future Importer Designation for two years. 
 
• Further, as a condition of being able to import horticultural products into Indonesia, 
importers are required to own storage facilities and means of transport for imported 
horticultural products. 
 New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains these 
measures include those in Annex I. 
 New Zealand considers that the measures described above, when viewed as elements of Indonesia's import licensing regime and also when viewed as distinct measures, are inconsistent 
with Indonesia's obligations under the following provisions: 
 
• Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994 as these measures are "prohibitions or restrictions other 
than duties, taxes or other charges" instituted or maintained on the importation of 
products into Indonesia.
7 
                                               
6 These products currently are listed in Article 14B of MOT Regulation 16/2013, as amended by MOT 
Regulation 47/2013. 
7 To the extent that these measures are measures affe cting the internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, 
transportation, distribution or use of products, New Ze aland considers that they would be inconsistent with 
Article III:4 of the GATT 1994 because Indonesia does not impose similar limitations on the internal sale, WT/DS477/9 
 
- 4 - 
 
   
• Article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture as these measures are "of the kind which 
have been required to be converted into ordinary customs duties." 
 
II. ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 
Indonesia imposes prohibitions and restrictions on the importation of animals and animal products 
through its import licensing regime for animals and animal products. 
 
a. Indonesia's Trade-Restrictive Import Licensing Regime 
Indonesia's import licensing regime for animals and animal products involves at least three distinct 
application and approval processes: (1) an Importer Designation from the MOT for animals and 
animal products; (2) an animal and animal products Import Recommendation from the MOA; and 
(3) an Import Approval from the MOT.  Import ers must apply for and receive each of these 
approvals in order to import covered anim als and animal products into Indonesia. 
 
Indonesia's import licensing regime for animals and animal products includes, but is not limited to, 
the following trade-restrictive requirements:  
 
• Recommendations and Import Approvals are valid for limited time periods. 
Recommendations are valid, at the latest, up to the end of the current year, and Import Approvals are valid for three-month periods.  Importers may apply for 
Recommendations and Import Approvals only during limited time periods before the 
start of each validity period, and Indonesia issues these documents only at the start of each period.  Importers must complete all importations of animals and animal 
products covered by the Recommendations and Import Approvals within a given 
validity period, i.e., all imports must be shipped, arrive, and clear customs within the 
period for which the associated Import Approval is valid.  Indonesia prohibits or 
restricts the importation of animals and animal products covered by Recommendations 
and Import Approvals issued for a previous period. 
 • When applying for Recommendations and Import Approvals, importers must indicate 
the specific products they will import, as well as the quantity, country of origin, port of 
entry, and intended use of such products.  Once issued, Recommendations and Import Approvals together specify the type, quantity, country of origin, port of entry, and use 
of the products that each importer may import during the relevant three-month 
period.  Importers are prohibited or restricted from importing products of a different type, in a greater quantity, from another country, through a different port, or for a 
different use than those specified in their Recommendations and Import Approvals. 
 • Furthermore, importers are required to  import, on a yearly basis, a certain 
percentage, currently 80 percent, of the quanti ty of each type of product specified on 
their Import Approvals.  Importers may have their Importer Designations, 
Recommendations, and/or Import Approvals su spended or revoked if they fail to meet 
this requirement.  
  
New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains the measures described above include those in Annex II.  
 
New Zealand considers that the measures described  above, when viewed as a single regime and 
also when viewed as requirements operating separately or in combination, are inconsistent with Indonesia's obligations under the following provisions
8:   
                                                                                                                                               
offering for sale, purchase, transportation, storage, distribution and use of lik e domestic products and, 
therefore, Indonesia's laws, regulations and requiremen ts accord less favourable treatment to imported 
products than like domestic products. 
8 To the extent that Indonesia's im port licensing regime for animals an d animal products falls within the 
scope of the disciplines of Article 3 of the Import Lice nsing Agreement, New Zealand considers that the import 
licensing requirements and procedures, as described abov e and as set out in sections  II(b) and II(c), would be 
inconsistent with Article 3.2 of the Import Licensing Agreement because they have trade-restrictive or trade-
distortive effects additional to those caused by the imposition of the restri ction, do not correspond in scope and 
duration to any measure they coul d be implementing, and are more ad ministratively burdensome than WT/DS477/9 
 
- 5 - 
 
   
• Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994 as these measures are "prohibitions or restrictions other 
than duties, taxes or other charges" instituted or maintained on the importation of products into Indonesia. 
 
• Article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture as these measures are "of the kind which 
have been required to be converted into ordinary customs duties." 
 
b. Prohibitions and Restrictions on the Importation of Animals and Animal Products 
Made Effective Through Indonesi a's Import Licensing Regime 
In addition to the trade-restrictive requirements described above, Indonesia imposes, through its 
import licensing regime, the following prohibitions and restrictions on the importation of animals 
and animal products:  
• Indonesia prohibits or restricts the importation of those covered animals and animal 
products not listed in the appendices to relevant import regulations, including all bovine offal products (except some cuts of  tongue and tail), all secondary beef cuts 
(inter alia  beef blade, knuckles, chuck, inside round and outside round), all bovine 
carcass, and poultry parts.
9 
 • With respect to certain types of animal products, importation is only permitted on the 
condition that importing entities have "absorbed" meat from local slaughter houses. 
 • The MOT and the MOA limit the type and quan tity of animal products allowed to be 
imported by limiting the types and qu antities of products specified in a 
Recommendation or Import Approval.
10  
 
• Importation of certain animal products is prohibited or restricted when the domestic 
market price of such products falls below a specified reference price set by a ministerial body.
11 
 
New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains these 
measures include those in Annex II.  
New Zealand considers that the measures described above, when viewed as elements of 
Indonesia's import licensing regime and also when viewed as distinct measures, are inconsistent with Indonesia's obligations under the following provisions: 
 
• Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994 as these measures are "prohibitions or restrictions other 
than duties, taxes or other charges" instituted or maintained on the importation of products into Indonesia.
12 
 
• Article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture as these measures are "of the kind which 
have been required to be converted into ordinary customs duties." 
 
                                                                                                                                               
absolutely necessary to implement any such measure.  To  the extent that Indonesia' s import licensing regime 
falls within the scope of Article 2 of the Import Lice nsing Agreement, New Zealand considers that Indonesia's 
import licensing requirements and proc edures, as described above and as se t out in sections II(b) and II(c), 
would be inconsistent with Article 2.2(a) of the Import  Licensing Agreement, because they are administered in 
such a manner as to have restricting effects on imports.   
9 Currently, all covered animals and animal products not listed in the appendices of both MOA 
Regulation 139/2014 and MOT Regulation 46/2013 are banned from importation. 
10 See, e.g. , Article 28 of MOA Regulation 139/2014 (stating that the quantity of animal product 
specified in a Recommendation is set by the Ministry of Trade). 
11 These products currently include the secondary cuts of the animal products listed in Appendix I of 
MOT Regulation 46/2013. 
12 To the extent that the absorption requirement is a measure affecting the internal sale, offering for 
sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use of  products, New Zealand considers that it would be 
inconsistent with Article III:4 of the GATT 1994 becaus e it accords less favourable treatment to imported 
products than to like  domestic products. WT/DS477/9 
 
- 6 - 
 
  c. Prohibitions and Restrictions on Importat ion Relating to the Use, Sale, Offering for 
Sale, Distribution, Storage, or Transpor tation of Imported Animals and Animal 
Products Made Effective Through In donesia's Import Licensing Regime 
Indonesia also imposes, through its import licensing regime, the following restrictions on the 
importation of animals and animal products that relate to the use, sale, offering for sale, 
distribution, storage or transportation of imported products:  
• Indonesia prohibits or restricts the importation of certain animals and animal products 
for certain uses and for distribution and sale through certain channels.  For example, the importation of certain bovine products is only permitted for use in hotels, restaurants, catering and industry and for other special purposes.  Importation of 
bovine products for sale directly to consumers at modern and traditional markets, 
which are the primary consumer retail channels for bovine products in Indonesia, is also restricted or prohibited.
13 
 
• As a condition of being able to import animals and animal products into Indonesia, 
importers are required to own storage facilities and means of transport for imported 
animals and animal products. 
 New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains these measures include those in Annex II. 
 
New Zealand considers that the measures described above, when viewed as elements of Indonesia's import licensing regime and also when viewed as distinct measures, are inconsistent 
with Indonesia's obligations under the following provisions: 
 
• Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994 as these measures are "prohibitions or restrictions other 
than duties, taxes or other charges" instituted or maintained on the importation of 
products into Indonesia.
14 
 • Article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture as these measures are "of the kind which 
have been required to be converted into ordinary customs duties." 
 III. PROHIBITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BASED ON THE 
SUFFICIENCY OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTI ON TO FULFILL DOMESTIC DEMAND 
Indonesia prohibits or restricts the importation of horticultural products when domestic production 
is deemed sufficient to fulfill domestic demand. 
 
New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains this measure are:  
• Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number  13 of Year 2010 Concerning Horticulture;  
 • Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18/2012 Concerning Food; and 
 
• Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19/2013 Concerning Protection and 
Empowerment of Farmers. 
 
as well as any amendments, replacements, related measures, or implementing measures.  Indonesia prohibits or restricts the importation of animals and animal products when domestic 
production is deemed sufficient to fulfill domestic demand.   
 
                                               
13 These products currently are listed in Appendix I of MoA 139/2014 and Appendix I of MoT 46/2013. 
14 To the extent that these measures are  measures  affecting the internal sale, offering for sale, 
purchase, transportation, distributi on or use of products, New Zealand considers that they would be 
inconsistent with Article III:4 of the GATT 1994 because Indonesia does not impose similar limitations on the 
internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, storage, distribution and us e of like domestic products 
and, therefore, Indonesia's laws, regulations and requir ements accord less favourab le treatment to imported 
products than to like  domestic products. WT/DS477/9 
 
- 7 - 
 
   
New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains this measure are:  
• Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number  18/2009 on Animal Husbandry and Animal 
Health, as amended by Law of the Repu blic of Indonesia Number 41/2014 on 
Amendment of Law Number 18/2009 on An imal Husbandry and Animal Health; 
 
• Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18/2012 Concerning Food; and  • Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19/2013 Concerning Protection and 
Empowerment of Farmers. 
 as well as any amendments, replacements, related measures, or implementing measures. 
 
New Zealand considers that the measures describ ed above are inconsistent with Indonesia's 
obligations under the following provisions: 
  
• Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994 as this measure is a "prohibition or restriction other 
than duties, taxes or other charges" instituted or maintained on the importation of products into Indonesia. 
 
• Article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture as this measure is "of the kind which have 
been required to be converted into ordinary customs duties." 
 
* * * 
 
Therefore, New Zealand respectfully requests, purs uant to Article 6 of the DSU, that the Dispute 
Settlement Body establish a panel to examine this matter, with standard terms of reference as set 
out in Article 7.1 of the DSU.  As the United Stat es is also requesting the establishment of a panel 
related to the same matter, New Zealand further respectfully requests, pursuant to Article 9.1 of 
the DSU, that the Dispute Settlement Body establish a single panel to examine both complaints.  
  
 
_______________ 
 
 WT/DS477/9 
 
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Annex I 
 New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains the 
measures set out in Part I of the Panel Request include
15: 
 
• Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture Number 86/Permentan/OT.140/8/2013 
Concerning Import Recommendation of Horticulture Products ("MOA Regulation 
86/2013"), which repeals and replaces Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Number 47/Permentan/OT.140/4/2013 Concerning Recommendation on the Importation of Horticulture Products, which repealed and replaced Regulation of the 
Minister of Agriculture Number 60/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012; 
• Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number 16/M-DAG/PER/4/2013 Concerning 
Provisions on Horticulture Product Import ("MOT Regulation 16/2013"), which repeals 
and replaces Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number 30/M-DAG/PER/5/2012 
Concerning the Provisions on Import of Horticultural Products and Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number 60/M-DAG/PER/ 9/2012 Regarding Second Amendment of 
Regulation of the Minister of Trad e Number 30/M-DAG/PER/5/2012 Regarding 
Provisions on Import of Horticultural Products; and 
• Regulation of the Ministry of Trade Number 47/M-DAG/PER/8/2013 Concerning 
Amendment of Regulation of the Minister  of Trade Number 16/M-DAG/PER/4/2013 
Concerning Import Provision of Horticul ture Product ("MOT Regulation 47/2013"). 
as well as any amendments, replacements, related measures, or implementing measures. 
 
                                               
15 New Zealand understands that the regulations listed  were promulgated pursuant to the framework set 
out in the following laws:  
 Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of Year 2010 Concerning Horticulture;  
 Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18/2012 Concerning Food; and 
 Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of Year 2014 Concerning Trade. WT/DS477/9 
 
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Annex II 
  New Zealand understands that the legal instruments through which Indonesia maintains the 
measures set out in Part II of the Panel Request include
16: 
 
• Regulation of the Ministry of Agri culture Number 139/Permentan/PD.410/12/2014 
("MOA Regulation 139/2014") Regarding Importation of Carcass, Meat, and/or Its 
Derivatives into the Territory of the Repub lic of Indonesia as amended by Regulation 
of the Ministry of Agriculture Number 02/Permentan/PD.410/1/2015 Concerning Amendment of Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture Number 
139/Permentan/PD.410/12/2014 Regarding Importation of Carcass, Meat, and/or Its 
Derivatives into the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia, which repealed and replaced Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture Number 
84/Permentan/PD.410/8/2013 Concerning Importation of Carcass, Meat, Offal and/or 
Their Derivatives into the Territory of th e Republic of Indonesia as amended by 
Regulations of the Ministry of Ag riculture 96/Permentan/PD.410/9/2013 and 
Regulations of the Ministry of Agricu lture 110/Permentan/PD.410/9/2014, which 
repeals and replaces Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Number 50/Permentan/OT.140/9/2011 Concerning Recommendation for Approval on Import of Carcasses, Meats, Edible Offals and/or Processed Products Thereof to Indonesian 
Territory as amended by Regulation of  the Minister of Agriculture Number 
63/Permentan/OT.140/5/2013 Concerning Amendmen t of Regulation of the Minister of 
Agriculture Number 50/Permentan/OT.140/9/2011 Concerning Import Approval 
Recommendation of Carcass, Meat, Offal, and/ or their Derivatives into the Territory of 
the Republic of Indonesia; and 
• Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number 46/M-DAG/PER/8/2013 Concerning Animal 
and Animal Product Import and Export Provision ("MOT Regulation 46/2013") as 
amended by Regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 57/M-DAG/PER/9/2013 and by 
Regulation of the Minister of Trade 17/M-DAG/PER/3/2014, which repeals and replaces Regulation of the Minister of Trade Numb er 22/M-DAG/PER/5/2013 Concerning Import 
and Export of Animals and Animal Products, which repealed and replaced Regulation 
of the Minister of Trade Number 24/M-DAG/PER/9/2011 Concerning Provisions on the Import and Export of Animal and Animal Product. 
as well as any amendments, replacements, related measures, or implementing measures. 
  
 
__________  
                                               
16 New Zealand understands that the listed regulation s were promulgated pursuant to the framework set 
out in the following laws:  
 Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18/ 2009 on Animal Husbandry and Animal Health, as 
amended by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41/2014 on Amendment of Law Number 
18/2009 on Animal Husbandry and Animal Health;  
 Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18/2012 Concerning Food; and 
 Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of Year 2014 Concerning Trade.