WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
19 November 2018  
(18-7230) Page: 1/29 
Committee on Trade and Environment    
 
ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASE FOR 2017  
NOTE BY THE SECRETAR IAT1 
1. The WTO Environmental Database (EDB)  is prepared in response to a recommendation in the 
1996 Report of the Committee on Trade and Environment (WT/CTE/1)  for the Secretariat to compile 
and update annually all environment -related notifications to the WTO.2 3  
2. In recent meetings of the Committe e on Trade and Environment (CTE) , Members have 
requested the Secretariat to improve the EDB's dissemination platform  and its search 
functionalities .4 Based on these requests, the EDB has been upgraded and a new web -based EDB 
application  has been developed.  The new web -based EDB is available through the WTO website:  
https://www.wto.org/edb  or through the URL address:  https://edb.wto.org/ .5       
3. Information in the EDB for 2017 is drawn from the 3,786  notifications  submitted by WTO 
Members and the 17  TPRs circulated  in 2017. The full data set for 2017 can be accessed  at: 
https://edb.wto.org/search?field_year%5B%5D=2017&search_api_fulltext=&field_ics_hs_code=&t
ype=notification .   
4. This note is a summary report of the  underlying data contained in the new EDB web -
application. It covers information on: (i) environment -related measures notified under  WTO 
Agreements and notification obligations (Section 1); and (ii) environment -related measures 
mentioned in Trade Policy Reviews (TPRs)  (Section  2).  
 
_______________  
  
                                                
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice to 
the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO.  
2 Previous Environmental Databases have been circulated in the following documents: EDB 1996 in 
WT/CTE/W/46, EDB 1997 in WT/CTE/W/77, EDB 1998 in WT/CTE/W/118, EDB  1999 in WT/CTE/W/ 143, 
EDB 2000 in WT/CTE/W/195, EDB 2001 in WT/CTE/EDB/1, EDB 2002 in WT/CTE/EDB/2, EDB 2003 in 
WT/CTE/EDB/3, EDB 2004 in WT/CTE/EDB/4, EDB 2005 in WT/CTE/EDB/5, EDB 2006 in WT/CTE/EDB/6, 
EDB 2007 in WT/CTE/EDB/7, EDB 2008 in WT/CTE/EDB/8, EDB 2009 in WT/CT E/EDB/9 and Add.1, EDB 2010 
in WT/CTE/EDB/10 and Add.1, EDB 2011 in  WT/CTE/EDB/11 and Add.1, EDB 2012 in  WT/CTE/EDB/12 and 
Add.1 , EDB 201 3 in WT/CTE/EDB/1 3 and Add.1 , EDB 201 4 in WT/CTE/EDB/1 4 and Add.1 , EDB 201 5 
in WT/CTE/EDB/1 5 and Add.1 , and EDB 201 6 in WT/CTE/EDB/1 6 and Add.1.  
3 The list of search words is contained in Annex I to this document. See also the following documents 
containing information on search words: WT/CTE/W/46, W T/CTE/W/78 and WT/CTE/W/102.  
4 See statements of WTO Members on the EDB  in WT/CTE/M/62, WT/CTE/M/63, WT/CTE/M/64 and 
WT/CTE/M/65.   
5 Users are invited to access EDB directly from the web -based application which contains data from 
2009 to 2017.  More data will be uploaded to the database as and when ready.  WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
1   WTO NOTIFICATION S ................................ ................................ ................................  3 
2   INFORMATION CONT AINED IN TRADE POLIC Y REVIEWS  ................................ ...........  8 
3   ANNEXES  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  14 
Annex I - Environment -related Search Words  ................................ ................................ ...... 14 
Annex II - Number of Environment -related Notifications (1997 – 2017)  ................................ .. 15 
Annex III - Number of Environment -related Notifications and Measures (2017)  .......................  17 
Annex IV - WTO Agreements with the most Environment -related Notifications and 
Measures  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  18 
Annex V - Search Word Frequency in Notifications in 2017  ................................ ....................  27 
Annex VI - EDB Harmonized Categories  ................................ ................................ ..............  28 
 
TABLE OF CHARTS  
 
Chart 1.1 - Environment -related Notifications (1997 – 2017)  ................................ ...................  3 
Chart 1.2 - Environment -related Notifications by Members (2017)  ................................ ...........  4 
Chart 1.3 - Environment -related Notifications by Agreement (2017)  ................................ .........  5 
Chart 1.4 - Types of Environ ment-related Objectives identified in the EDB (2017)  ......................  6 
Chart 1.5 - Type of Measures identified in the EDB (2017)  ................................ ......................  7 
Chart 1.6 - Type of Sectors identified in the EDB (2017)  ................................ .........................  8 
Chart 2.1 - Types of Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (2017)  ........................  12 
Chart 2.2 - Sectors Covered by Environment -related Entries Mentioned in TPRs (2017)  ............  13 
Chart 3.1 - Environment -related Agriculture Notifications and Measures (2009 – 2017)  ............  18 
Chart 3.2 - Types of Environment -related Measures in Agriculture Notifications (2017)  .............  19 
Chart 3.3 - Environment -related ILP Notifications (2009 – 2017) ................................ ...........  20 
Chart 3.4 - Types of Environment -related Measures in ILP Notifications (2017)  ........................  21 
Chart 3.5 - Environment -related SPS Notifications and Measures (2009 – 2017)  ......................  22 
Chart 3.6 - Types of Environment -related SPS Notifications (2017)  ................................ ........  22 
Chart 3.7 - Environment -related SCM Notifications and Measures (2009 – 2017)  .....................  23 
Chart 3.8 - Types of Environment -related Measures in SCM Notif ications (2017)  ......................  24 
Chart 3.9 - Environment -related TBT Notifications and Measures (2009 – 2017)  ......................  25 
Chart 3.10 - Types of Environment -related TBT Notifications (2017)  ................................ ...... 26 
 
 
  WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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  1  WTO NOTIFICATIONS  
1.1.  In 201 7, of the 3,7 86 notifications submitted by WTO Members,6 15.9% or 602 notifications 
were environment -related. Since 1997, there has been a sustained increase in the number of 
environment -related notifications to the WTO. The share of environment -related notifications as a 
percentage of total notifications has also almost do ubled over the same time period albeit with year -
on-year fluctuations (see Chart 1.1).7 
Chart 1.1 - Environment -related Notifications (1997 – 2017 ) 
 
1.2.  As shown in Chart 1.2 below, environment -related notificati ons have been submitted by WTO 
Members from all regions of the world and at all levels of development. Eighty -one Members 
submitted notifications of environment -related measures, with the European Union ( 100 
notifications ), the United  States ( 53), Uganda  (39), China ( 36) and Brazil (21) notifying the highest 
number of environment -related notifications in 201 7. 
  
                                                
6 This number includ es regular notifications, as well as addenda, corrigenda and revisions, except in the 
case of TBT and SPS notifications where addenda  and corrigenda are not covered.  
7 The drop in total number and share of environment -related notifications in 2014 can be p artially 
explained by a change in methodology regarding environment -related SPS notifications.  
8.1%11.3%9.2%10.7%
7.8%11.3%9.8% 10.8% 10.8%14.7%
13.5%13.4%14.5%13.2%15.8% 16.8% 17.5%
14.6% 14.6% 15.4% 15.9%165211
182245
186281
247 244311357 353395481
453477568620
551
498575602
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Proportion of Environment-related Notifications Total Environment-related NotificationsWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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  Chart 1.2 - Environment -related Notifications by Members (201 7) 
 
1
3
12
2
1
6
1
1
21
1
12
18
36
4
5
4
1
2
1
5
1
1
100
3
1
2
3
1
5
6
7
4
2
1
17
9
5
11
3
1
3
1
2
1
5
20
2
1
9
2
1
5
5
7
1
6
4
4
6
7
2
11
1
9
1
1
10
20
9
2
1
3
39
16
5
1
53
1
5
3
1Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
Botswana
Brazil
Burkina Faso
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Czech Republic
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
European Union
Finland
France
Gabon
Georgia
Guatemala
Hong Kong, China
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Israel
Jamaica
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Republic of
Kuwait, the State of
Liberia
Macao, China
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova, Republic of
Morocco
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Qatar
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
Seychelles
Singapore
South Africa
Sweden
Switzerland
Chinese Taipei
Tanzania
Thailand
The former Yugoslav…
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States of America
Uruguay
Viet Nam
Yemen
ZambiaWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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  1.3.  Chart 1.3 illustrates the incidenc e of environment -related notifications across  
WTO Agreements.8 As in previous years, the TBT Agreement has the highest number of 
environment -related notifications ( 390 notifications), accounting for 6 5% of all WTO environment -
related notifications in 201 7. A number of environment -related measures were also notified under 
the SCM Agreement ( 61 notifications) , the SPS Agreement ( 51), the Agreement on Agriculture  (44), 
and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures ( 24). With its entry into force in 2017, fo r the 
first time the EDB includes 9 environment -related notifications under the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement.9 Charts on the WTO Agreements with the most environment -related notifications and 
measures are provided in Annex IV. All charts can also be access ed from the EDB web -application.  
Chart 1.3 - Environment -related Notifications by Agreement ( 2017 ) 
 
1.4.  The environment -related notifications can be broadly grouped into two categories. The first 
consists of notifications that mention environmental considerations as the principal objective of the 
notified measure. The second category includes notifications t hat are not primarily aimed at 
environmental protection, but contain environment -related elements.  
1.5.  Furthermore, some notifications are made separately for each and every measure (such as 
most notifications under the TBT or SPS  Agreements) while others cov er various or multiple 
measures in a single notification (such as SCM or agriculture notifications). In the latter case, the 
various measures are broken down and reported separately in the database.  
1.6.  There were 1, 492 separate environment -related measures in cluded in the EDB in 201 7 from 
the 602 environment -related notifications in 201 7. The SCM Agreement reported the highest number 
with 507 environment -related measures, followed by the TBT Agreement ( 390), the Agreement on 
                                                
8 In 2017, environment -related notifications were identified under the following WTO Agreements: 
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT); Agreement on the  Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary 
Measures (SPS); Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM); Agreement on Agriculture  (AG); 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures (ILP); Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the G ATT 
1994 (State Trading Enterprises  (STR) ); the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV of the GATT 
1994 (Regional Trade Agreements  (RTAs) ); the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); Decision on 
Notification Procedures for Quantitative  Restrictions (QR s); Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA);  the 
Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA); and other notifications such as preferential trade arrangements notified to 
the Committee on Trade and Development  (CTD) . 
9 In 2017, n o environment -related notifications were submitted under the following WTO Agreements: 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 (Anti -dumping (ADP)); Agreement on Safeguards 
(SG); Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the GATT  1994 (Customs Valuation (VAL)); Agreement on 
Trade -Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS);  Agreement on Trade -Related Investment 
Measures  (TRIMS); the Understanding on the Balance -of-Payments (BOP) Provisions of GAT T 1994; Agreement 
on Pre -shipment Inspection  (PSI);  Agreement on Rules of Origin  (RO);  and the Informa tion Technology 
Agreement (ITA).  
TBT, 390, 65%
SCM, 61, 10%SPS, 51, 8%Agriculture, 44, 7%ILP, 24, 4%Trade Facilitation, 9, 
1.5%State Trading, 8, 1.3%QRs, 7, 1.2%GPA, 3, 0.5%RTAs, 3, 0.5%GATS, 1, 0.2%Other notifications, 1, 
0.2%WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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  Agriculture (3 59), and the Import L icensing Procedures Agreement with  
81 environment -related measures (see Annex III).  
1.7.  The environment -related measures mentioned in the 201 7 notifications addressed a range of 
environmental objectives (see Chart 1.4), including chemical, toxic and hazardous  substances 
management ( 14.8%), general environmental protection ( 13.9%), energy conservation and 
efficiency ( 12.1%), alternative and renewable energy (10.9%), and sustainable agriculture 
management (10.8%) . 
Chart 1.4 - Types of Environment -related Objectives10 identified in the EDB (2017 )11 
 
1.8.  In terms of types of measure (see Chart 1.5), grants and direct payments accounted for the 
largest share of the total measures analysed in the 201 7 notifications ( 38.3%), followed by technical 
regulation or specifications  (27.9%), and non -monetary support, such as training, advisory services 
or research programmes (10.3%).  
                                                
10 See Annex VI for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or sectors.  
11 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be mentioned in a notified measure, 
the total number may exceed 100 %. 
14.8%
13.9%
12.1%
10.9%
10.8%
9.9%
8.3%
6.6%
6.4%
6.3%
6.3%
6.0%
5.6%
5.6%
5.4%
4.8%
4.6%
4.4%
3.4%
2.9%
2.6%
2.4%
1.5%
1.1%
0.1%221
208
180
162
161
147
124
99
96
94
94
90
84
83
80
72
68
66
51
44
39
36
22
16
1Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances management
General environmental protection
Energy conservation and efficiency
Alternative and renewable energy
Sustainable agriculture management
Biodiversity and ecosystem
Water management and conservation
Natural resources conservation
Sustainable and environmentally friendly production
Other environmental risks mitigation
Soil management and conservation
MEAs implementation and compliance
Waste management and recycling
Animal protection
Climate change mitigation and adaptation
Environmental protection from pests and diseases
Air pollution reduction
Sustainable fisheries management
Plant protection
Environmental goods and services promotion
Sustainable forestry management
Ozone layer protection
Afforestation/reforestation
Environmentally friendly consumption
Sustainable mining managementType of ObjectiveWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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  Chart 1.5 - Type of Measures12 identified in the EDB (2017)13 
 
1.9.  In the sectoral analysis (Chart 1.6), the sector that was most frequently associated with 
environment -related measures was agriculture with 37% of all the identified measures, followed by 
manufacturing ( 21.8%), chemicals ( 12.7%), and energy (11.1%). Sectors such as wildlife or waste 
are captured under the heading "Other" and accounted for 9.7% of the total measures.  
                                                
12 See Annex VI for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or sectors.  
13 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be me ntioned in a notified measure, 
the total number may exceed 100 %. 
38.3%
27.9%
10.3%
7.6%
6.2%
5.4%
4.4%
4.2%
4.1%
2.5%
1.9%
1.6%
1.6%
1.2%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%571
417
154
114
93
81
66
62
61
37
28
24
24
18
13
12
10
9
5
4
3
2
2
1Grants and direct payments
Technical regulation or specifications
Non-monetary support
Import licences
Loans and financing
Conformity assessment procedures
Countervailing measure / investigation
Ban/Prohibition
Export licences
Tax concessions
Regulation affecting movement or transit
Not specified
Other environmental requirements
Risk assessment
Import quotas
Income or price support
Quarantine requirements
Other measures
Public procurement
Environmental provisions in trade agreements
Import tariffs
Internal taxes
Other support measures
Export tariffsType of MeasureWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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  Chart 1.6 - Type of Sectors14 identified in the EDB (2017)15 
 
1.10.   Further infographics, charts and EDB notification data can be accessed from the EDB web -
based interface available through the WTO website: https://www.wto.org/edb .  
2  INFORMATION CONTAINE D IN TRADE POLICY RE VIEWS  
2.1.  The E DB covers information on the environment -related policies, measures or programmes 
contained in the Secretariat and Government Trade Policy Review (TPR) reports. Seventeen TPRs 
were circulated in 2017, namely (in alphabetical order): Belize; Plurinational S tate of  Bolivia ; Brazil; 
Cambodia; the European Union (EU); The Gambia; Iceland; Jamaica; Japan; Malaysia; Mexico; 
Mozambique; Nigeria; Paraguay; Sierra Leone; Switzerland and Liechtenstein; and the West African 
Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)16. 
2.2.  There were 1,191  entries with references to environment -related policies, measures or sectors 
in these TPRs.17 The environment -related TPR entries are reported under the headings: trade policy 
framework; trade policies and practices by measure; and trade policies  by sector. In general, trade 
policy framework entries include information on government environmental policies, plans, 
programmes and investment policies. Environment -related trade policies and practices by measure 
include environmental requirements and quantitative restrictions (QRs)  (e.g. technical regulation or 
specifications, conformity assessment procedures, import/export licences, bans and prohibitions); 
price and market based measures (e.g. import/export tariffs, import/export quotas, and internal 
taxes); and support measures (e.g. grants and direct payments, loans and financing, tax 
concessions, non -monetary support measures, income or price support, and public procurement). 
The environment -related sectors mentioned in the 2017 TPRs include agricult ure, chemicals, energy, 
fisheries, forestry, manufacturing, mining, and services.  
2.3.  The TPR of Belize18 includes  57 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy framework 
entries in the TPR include: the country's low resilience to the adverse effects of climate change and 
its priority for investment in environmental goods and services (e.g. light manufacturing of  wood 
products, biofuels, and sustainable energy generation). On environment -related measures, the TPR 
entries cover, inter alia : environmental taxes levied on vehicles with over four cylinders and on fuel 
products; and import licensing requirements on wil d animals and ozone depleting substances (e.g. 
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) family and Halon family). In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: 
sustainable agriculture production in line with the National Agricultural Policy 2015 -2030; the 
Fisheries Resources Bill to manage fisheries and ecosystems, and strengthen the marine reserves; 
the Environmental Protection Act affecting the exploration and exploitation of minerals and 
                                                
14 The harmonized categories "type of measures" and "type of sectors" were updated in EDB 2014. See 
Annex VI, Section III for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectiv es or sectors.  
15 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be mentioned in a notified measure, 
the total number may exceed 100 %. 
16 WAEMU consists of the following WTO Members: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, 
Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo.  
17 The number of environment -related TPR entries corresponds to the number of times particular 
environment -related policies, measures or programmes are mentioned in the Secretariat or Government TPR 
Reports.  
18 WT/TPR/G/353  and WT/TPR/S/353/Rev.1 . 
552
325
190
165
144
105
93
90
80
14
1037.0%
21.8%
12.7%
11.1%
9.7%
7.0%
6.2%
6.0%
5.4%
0.9%
0.7%Agriculture
Manufacturing
Chemicals
Energy
Other
Services
Fisheries
All products/economic activities
Forestry
Not specified
MiningType of Sector subject to MeasureWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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  petroleum; and the National Sustainable Tourism Master Plan 2030 to develop t ourism in a 
sustainable way.  
2.4.  The TPR of the Plurinational State of Bolivia19 includes  53 environment -related entries. 
Examples of the policy framework entries in the TPR include: Bolivia's Economic and Social 
Development Plan projecting 10% of estimated pub lic investment funds for the environment and 
water; and the government's aim to develop high power generation capacity projects based on 
renewable energy sources (e.g. wind, biomass, geothermal, and solar energy). On environment -
related measures, the TPR e ntries cover, inter alia : labelling requirements on foods containing or 
obtained from genetically modified organisms (GMOs); import licensing requirements for ozone 
depleting substances; and the non -patentability of inventions that can harm animal or plant  life and 
the environment. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: Bolivia's support for organic 
production (e.g. organic quinoa); and the development of the renewable energy industry.  
2.5.  The TPR of Brazil20 includes 74 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy framework 
entries in the TPR include: Brazil's commitments to promote sustainable development; and the use 
of financial instruments taking into account environmental and sustainable development principles. 
On environment -related meas ures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : patent requirements regarding 
the environment and green technologies; and import licensing requirements on endangered species. 
In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: the country's long -term strategy to i ncrease the 
production of renewable energy such as biofuels and wind and solar power; and the ratification of 
the International Maritime Organization conventions related to the prevention of maritime pollution.  
2.6.  The TPR of Cambodia21 includes 54 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: the government's focus on environmental impacts when 
identifying ten priority export sectors under its Trade Integration Strategy; and several plans aimed 
to transform the agricu ltural sector in an environmentally sustainable manner. On environment -
related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : export licensing requirements and quotas on 
unprocessed rubber, processed wood and non -timber forest products; and profit tax exempt ion for 
investments in training that serves the environment. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries 
include: Cambodia's great potential for power production from its abundant renewable resources 
(e.g. hydro, wind, solar, and agricultural residues); the 2006 Fisheries Law that ensures long -term 
conservation and sustainable management of fishery resources; and the country's 2011 policy on 
minerals aimed at supporting improved environmental protection.  
2.7.  The TPR of the European Union (EU)22 includes 138 enviro nment -related entries. Examples of 
the policy framework entries in the TPR include: the "EU Climate action – decarbonizing the 
economy" for implementing measures aimed at reaching the goals set in the Paris Agreement on 
Climate Change, as well as in the Ag enda 2030 for Sustainable Development; the EU's leading role 
in the Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) negotiations; and an Action Plan against wildlife 
trafficking. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : technical regulation 
and specifications for smart grids, eco -design, and electric vehicles; import licensing requirements 
pursuant to MEAs/environmental international agreements (e.g. CITES, Montreal Protocol, Basel 
Convention, Kimberley Process); and state aid for environment al protection including energy saving. 
In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries mention, inter alia : the agriculture sector's focus on 
restoring, preserving and enhancing biodiversity, supporting resource efficiency and the shift 
towards a low carbon and climate resilient economy; and the EU's cooperation with third countries 
and international organizations to fight illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing worldwide.  
2.8.  The TPR of The Gambia23 includes 28 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR cover: The Gambia's Investment and Export Promotion Agency Act 
2015, which takes into account the natural environment when promoting foreign investment. On 
environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : import permit requirements on 
game animal traps, used motor vehicles, and live fish; and the community forestry programme 
aimed at the protection, development and sustainable use of forest resources. In the sectoral 
analysis, the TPR entries include: prog rammes on sustainable farm development and the 
                                                
19 WT/TPR/G/363  and WT/TPR/S/363 . 
20 WT/TPR/G/358  and WT/TPR/S/358/Rev.1 . 
21 WT/TPR/G/364  and WT/TPR/S/364 . 
22 WT/TPR/G/357  and WT/TPR/S/3 57/Rev.1 . 
23 WT/TPR/G/365  and WT/TPR/S/365 . WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
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  improvement of agricultural land and water management; and the development of eco -tourism 
based on the country's variety of wildlife and ecosystems, including abundant birdlife and natural 
reserves.  
2.9.  The TPR of  Iceland24 includes 55 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: Iceland's objective to participate in discussions on agreements 
to protect against uncontrolled fishing in the North Sea and protect biodiversit y beyond national 
jurisdictions; and its involvement in the Trade in Services Agreement (TISA) negotiations, which 
cover commitments on environmental services. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries 
cover, inter alia : public procurement of clean and energy -efficient vehicles; carbon tax on all liquid 
fuels and liquid petroleum gas; and recycling fee applied to various packaging materials and waste 
with a special exemption in case of appropriate collection and disposal of electric and electronic 
waste. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries mention, inter alia : Iceland as the world's largest 
green energy producer per capita with the highest share of renewable energy (mainly from hydro 
and geothermal sources); and initiatives to enhance environmen t-awareness in the tourism sector.  
2.10.   The TPR of Jamaica25 includes 43 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: Jamaica's national development plan, Vision 2030 Jamaica, 
which is aligned to the Sustainable Devel opment Goals (SDGs); and the government's efforts to 
lower generation costs by encouraging renewable energy. On environment -related measures, the 
TPR entries cover, inter alia : export licensing requirement on certain items including live animals 
and plants  subject to the CITES; the Environmental Protection Levy applied to the sale of all 
manufactured goods; and labelling requirement on products and equipment containing ozone 
depleting substances. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: the Nation al Mineral Policy 
establishing the framework for sustainability within the mining sector; and the adoption of the Ballast 
Water Management Convention Bill 2017 for the regulation and management of ships' ballast water 
discharge.  
2.11.   The TPR of Japan26 includes 39 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy framework 
entries in the TPR include Japan's active engagement in the EGA negotiations and the inclusion of 
green technology vehicles in the country's negotiation s on motor vehicle trade. On environmen t-
related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : import quotas on certain ozone depleting 
substances in compliance with the Montreal Protocol; Japan Agricultural Standards for organic plants 
and organic processed food; and energy consumption efficien cy measurement standards for 
freezing/refrigerating showcases. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: permit systems 
aimed at restoring inland water fishery resources (e.g. Japanese eel); and the government's target 
of increasing the share of r enewable energ y (e.g. solar, biomass, geothermal, and hydro energy) in 
the energy mix.  
2.12.   The TPR of Malaysia27 includes 83 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR cover: National Policy on Biological Diversity 2016 -2025 for the 
management and conservation of biodiversity; and the 11th Malaysia Plan pursuing green growth 
for sustainability and resilience. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia: 
import licensing requirements on toxic and hazardous waste substances covered under the 
Rotterdam Convention, and endangered species in accordance with the CITES; tax incentives given 
to companies engaged in environmental management; and soft loans granted to boost the 
production and use of green technology. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: the focus 
on primary sectors, especially on sustain able production and processing in the palm oil industry, 
Malaysia's efforts to improve sustainable management of fisheries, and emphasis on energy 
efficiency and the development of renewable energy sources.  
2.13.   The TPR of Mexico28 includes 68 environment -relate d entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: the establishment of the National Advisory Committee on Agri -
food Standardization, which addresses, inter alia , organic farming and biosafety of GMOs; and 
Mexico seeking to achieve sus tainable development with its trade agreement with the EU. On 
environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : green taxes on fossil fuels, 
                                                
24 WT/TPR/G/361  and WT/TPR/S/361 . 
25 WT/TPR/G/359/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/359/Rev.1 . 
26 WT/TPR/G/351  and WT/TPR/S/351/Rev.1 . 
27 WT/TPR/G/366  and WT/TPR/S/366 . 
28 WT/TPR/G/352/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/352/Rev.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 11 - 
 
  pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides to reduce polluting emissions; and risk assessment and permit  
requirements on import of GMOs for experimental release into the environment. In the sectoral 
analysis, the TPR entries involve: the agriculture sector to promote sustainable use of water; and 
the gradual replacement of conventional fuels by more environm entally friendly sources such as 
natural gas and clean and renewable energies.  
2.14.   The TPR of Mozambique29 includes 45 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include Mozambique's Five Year Plan for the period 2015 -2019, which 
prioritizes sustainable management of natural resources and the environment. On environment -
related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : export taxes levied on raw and processed timber 
to protect the environment; and inspection and certific ation requirements on imports and exports of 
plants to prevent and control pest propagation in the country. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR 
entries include: investment in tourism mainly focused on biodiversity and nature conservation; the 
country's abund ant renewable energy resources (e.g. hydroelectric power, biomass, wind and sun); 
and Mozambique's Industrial Policy and Strategy prioritizing the collection and recycling of industrial 
waste.  
2.15.   The TPR of Nigeria30 includes 34 environment -related entries. Ex amples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include the government's priority to promote sustainable development 
that protects the environment from unsustainable practices. On environment -related measures, the 
TPR entries cover, inter alia : the envir onment impact assessment requirement for the investor's 
application process; and the permit for confined field trial s of genetically modified maize. In the 
sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: Nigeria's objective to employ sound forest management 
principles and practices; and the use of renewable energy (solar, wind, and small and medium hydro) 
to achieve the country's target to provide 75% of the population with access to electricity by 2020.  
2.16.   The TPR of Paraguay31 includes 75 environment -related entr ies. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: National Development Plan Paraguay 2030, which aims to 
achieve environmentally friendly growth; and Paraguay's active participation in the discussions of 
the Paris Agreement on Climate Chang e. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, 
inter alia : tax incentives for imports of electric and hybrid vehicles; registration and import licensing 
requirements for plastic and biodegradable bags; and the non -patentability of inventions wh ose 
commercial exploitation must be prevented in order to protect animal or plant life or health and the 
environment. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: the promotion of reforestation and 
sustainable forestry development; and Paraguay's pla n to increase renewable energy and reduce 
fossil fuel consumption by 2030.  
2.17.   The TPR of Sierra Leone32 includes 53 environment -related entries. The policy framework 
entries in the TPR include : Sierra Leone's desire to be responsible and efficient in natural resource 
exploitation. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover: duty -free imports of qualified 
photovoltaic system equipment and energy efficient appliances; and the technical  regulation for 
environmental management systems. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: the country's 
efforts to reduce IUU fishing; the promotion of eco -tourism; training and fair -trade certification 
opportunities given to support organic coc oa farming; and sustainable management of forest 
resources and biodiversity conservation.  
2.18.   The TPR of Switzerland  and Liechtenstein33 includes 96 environment -related entries. 
Examples of the policy framework entries in the TPR include: the Swiss government's  Growth 
Agenda, which promotes sustainability and an efficient use of natural resources; and both countries' 
engagement in the EGA negotiations. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter 
alia: the CO 2 tax on fossil fuels; tax rebates ac corded to biofuels (e.g. biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel, 
vegetable and animal oils); and indemnities and financial assistance provided for forests and the 
conservation of biodiversity. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries of both countries mention, inter 
alia, sustainable agricultural production and the promotion of renewable energy.  
                                                
29 WT/TPR/G/354  and WT/TPR/S/354/Rev.1 . 
30 WT/TPR/G/356/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/356/Rev.1 . 
31 WT/TPR/G/360  and WT/TPR/S/360/Rev.1 . 
32 WT/TPR/G/303/Rev.2  and WT/TPR/S/303/Rev.2 . 
33 WT/TPR/G/355  and WT/TPR/S/355/Rev.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 12 - 
 
  2.19.   The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)  comprises of the following WTO 
Members: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and T ogo. The 
TPR of the WAEMU34 has 43 environment -related entries.35 Examples of the policy framework entries 
in the TPR include: the WAEMU members' national development plans for sustainable development; 
and Mali's Strategic Framework for Economic Recovery and  Sustainable Development that 
incorporates climate change in the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of public policies. 
On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : VAT exemptions on solar 
equipment; and regulations on preve nting bio -technological risks that apply to any use, trade in, 
transit and handling of modified live organisms and/or their by -products which might have a negative 
impact on the environment. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include: the  Fisheries and 
Aquaculture Development Programme, which supports fisheries monitoring, control, and surveillance 
services of the five coastal countries aimed at combating IUU fishing; and the Regional Sustainable 
Energy Initiative to improve energy efficie ncy. 
2.20.   To illustrate the range of TPR entries, Chart 2 .1 below provides a detailed breakdown of the 
types of environment -related measures reported in the TPRs. Apart from general environmental 
reference s, the e nvironment -related measures most frequently ment ioned in the TPRs of 201 7 
include  ban/prohibition ( 8.8%), other environmental requirements ( 8.6%), technical regulation or 
specifications ( 7.9%), import licences (6.5%), and grants and direct payments ( 5.3%). 
Chart 2.1 - Type s of Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (2017 ) 
 
2.21.   Regarding environment -related trade policies by sector, the most frequently mentioned 
sectors in the TPRs were energy ( 21%), followed by agriculture (1 7%) and  fisheries (13%) (see 
Chart 2 .2). 
                                                
34 WT/TPR/G/362  and WT/TPR/S/362 . 
35 This number does not include the environment -related entries identified in the country -specific annexes 
to the TPR of the WAEMU. Information from the country -specific annexes can be accessed directly from the EDB 
web-application (www.wto.org/edb).  
Ban/Prohibition , 
94, 8.8%Conformity assessment 
procedures , 25, 2.3%
Environmental provisions in 
trade agreements , 3, 0.3%
Export licences , 46, 4.3%
Export quotas , 1, 0.1%
Export tariffs , 7, 0.7%
General environmental 
reference , 305, 28.5%
Grants and direct 
payments , 57, 5.3%
Import licences , 70, 6.5%
Import quotas , 
5, 0.5%Import tariffs , 
1, 0.1%Income or price 
support , 10, 0.9%Intellectual property 
measures , 11, 1.0%Internal taxes , 44, 4.1%Investment measures , 6, 
0.6%Loans and financing , 19, 
1.8%Non-monetary support , 
10, 0.9%Not specified , 4, 0.4%Other environmental 
requirements , 92, 8.6%Other measures , 48, 4.5%Other price and market 
based measures , 49, 4.6%Other support measures , 
4, 0.4%Public procurement , 11, 
1.0%Quarantine requirements , 
3, 0.3%Regulation affecting movement 
or transit , 11, 1.0%Risk assessment , 18, 1.7%Tax concessions , 
33, 3.1%Technical regulation 
or specifications , 
85, 7.9%WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 13 - 
 
  Chart 2.2 - Sectors Covered by Environment -related Entrie s Mentioned in TPRs ( 2017 ) 
 
 
 
 
2.22.   The information provided above is only illustrative to highlight the wide range and depth of 
data available in the EDB. Further infographics, charts and EDB TPR data can be accessed from the 
EDB web -based interface available through the WTO website: https://www.wto.org/edb . 
_______________
  
Agriculture , 175, 17%
All products/economic 
activities , 3, 0.3%
Chemicals , 69, 7%
Energy , 219, 21%
Fisheries , 140, 13%Forestry , 79, 7%Manufacturing , 65, 6%Mining , 29, 3%Not specified , 96, 9%Other , 95, 9%Services , 82, 8%WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 14 - 
 
  3  ANNEXES  
Annex I - Environment -related Search Words1 
Basel Convention  HCFCs  
Bio Indigenous  
Carbon  Kyoto Protocol  
Cartagena  Modified organism  
CFCs  Marking  
CITES  Montreal Protocol  
Clean  Natural resources  
Climate  Novel  
Conserv(ation)  Organic  
Desertification  Ozone  
Diversity  Package(ing)  
Eco-label  Pollution  
Ecology  Preservation  
Emissions  Preserve  
Endangered  Recycle  
Energy  Renewable  
Environment  Saving  
Extinct   (Soil) erosion  
Fauna  Species  
Fish  Sustainable  
Flora Toxic 
Forest  Tree 
Genetic  Waste  
GHGs  Wildlife  
Green (house)  Wood  
Hazardous   
 
                                                
1 See also the following documents containing information on search words: WT/CTE/W/46, WT/CTE/W/78 
and WT/CTE/W/102.   
  WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 15 - Annex II - Number of Environment -related Notifications1 (1997 – 2017) 
WTO Agreements  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  
TBT 89 (795)  98 (648)  83 (671)  97 (610)  67 (539)  114 (582)  100 (794)  107 (638)  121 (771)  155 (874)  168 (1032)  238 (1265)  
SPS 8 (286)  21 (296)  12 (402)  26 (402)  25 (621)  47 (610)  50 (687)  57 (612)  105 (1298)  140 (901)  98 (849)  84 (889)  
SCM 16 (136)  32 (133)  27 (126)  38 (160)  24 (159)  31 (177)  34 (171)  13 (122)  27 (168)  8 (97)  33 (164)  5 (99)  
Agriculture  20 (237)  22 (216)  27 (195)  40 (228)  40 (242)  32 (197)  34 (173)  29 (157)  25 (148)  24 (126)  32 (119)  24 (137)  
Anti-Dumping  4 (109)  1 (133)  3 (133)  0 (127)  0 (134)  1 (166)  2 (155)  3 (134)  0 (127)  0 (112)  0 (118)  0 (134)  
ILP 13 (51)  20 (63)  10 (68) 21 (77)  7 (55)  13 (96)  16 (57)  12 (40)  20 (45)  19 (62)  13 (65)  20 (51)  
Safeguards  0 (42)  1 (47)  0 (99)  1 (110)  1 (137)  1 (170)  1 (147)  3 (75)  1 (80)  0 (86)  0 (59)  0 (73)  
Customs Valuation  0 (9) 1 (14)  1 (15)  3 (36)  1 (41)  1 (41)  0 (11)  0 (17)  1 (13)  0 (1) 0 (9) 0 (12)  
State Trading  0 (37)  2 (36)  0 (50)  0 (50)  1 (56)  5 (58)  3 (38)  0 (43)  1 (12)  1 (37)  0 (20)  1 (24)  
RTAs 6 (55)  8 (74)  14 (75)  8 (56)  10 (64)  0 (41)  0 (56)  0 (70)  0 (63)  0 (30)  0 (25)  4 (37)  
TRIPS  0 (172)  1 (106)  3 (69)  5 (333)  6 (236)  16 (225)  5 (147)  7 (251)  2 (59)  2 (38)  3 (72)  7 (139)  
GATS  0 (24)  1 (25)  0 (21)  0 (25)  0 (46)  7 (43)  0 (41)  4 (52)  1 (53)  1 (29)  0 (41)  0 (49)  
QRs 5 (15)  3 (11)  2 (13)  5 (18)  2 (10)  4 (14)  2 (8) 7 (10)  1 (6) 2 (8) 3 (6) 4 (12)  
TRIMs  0 (18)  0 (22)  0 (12) 0 (10)  0 (2) 0 (29)  0 (13)  0 (12)  0 (14)  0 (14)  0 (13)  0 (9) 
BoP Provisions  1 (23)  0 (11)  0 (7) 0 (9) 0 (7) 0 (4) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 
Preshipment 
Inspection  0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 
Rules of Origin  0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (4) 0 (3) 0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (7) 0 (4) 
GPA 2 (7) 0 (14)  0 (9) 0 (19)  2 (14)  9 (21)  0 (8) 1 (11)  5 (11)  4 (10)  3 (8) 8 (14)  
ITA 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Trade  Facilitation  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Other notifications  1 (5) 0 (5) 0 (3) 1 (8) 0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (3) 1 (7) 1 (3) 1 (2) 0 (5) 0 (8) 
Total environment -
related notifications  165 (2027)  211 (1861)  182 (1972)  245 (2282)  186 (2376)  281 (2482)  247 (2513)  244 (2256)  311 (2874)  357 (2428)  353 (2613)  395 (2957)  
Share of 
environment -related 
notifications  8.14%  11.3%  9.2%  10.7%  7.8%  11.3%  9.8%  10.8%  10.8%  14.7%  13.5%  13.4%  
  
                                                
1 Figures in parenthesis represent the total number of notifications  submitted by Members  under each relevant WTO Agreement.  This number includ es regular notifications as well as addenda, 
corrigenda and revisions , except in the case of  TBT and SPS notifications, where addenda, corrigenda and revisions  are not covered.   
  WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 16 -  
WTO Agreements  2009  2010  2011  2012  2013  2014  2015  2016  2017  
TBT  274 (1490)  270 (1413)  268 (1216)  353 (1551)  384 (1605)  358 (1558)  305 (1305)  377 (1686)  390 (1827)  
SPS  81 (737)  83 (1051)  76 (1007)  91 (856)  107 (929)  44 (1169)  47 (1283)  62 (1037)  51 (1110)  
SCM  40 (181)  8 (117)  47 (140)  17 (108)  48 (158)  29 (110)  51 (130)  31 (127)  61 (132)  
Agriculture  36 (210)  49 (195)  44 (182)  45 (203)  34 (135)  42 (210)  32 (148)  43 (208)  44 (202)  
Anti-Dumping  0 (157)  0 (164)  0 (127)  0 (133)  0 (122)  2 (120)  0 (114)  0 (143)  0 (107)  
ILP 23 (82)  21 (72)  23 (78) 30 (85)  23 (96)  38 (99)  33 (74)  39 (96)  24 (54)  
Safeguards  0 (171)  0 (106)  2 (64)  2 (89)  2 (112)  2 (110)  4 (79)  0 (89)  0 (61)  
Customs Valuation  0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (4) 3 (13)  2 (13)  2 (23)  2 (9) 0 (4) 0 (6) 
State Trading  0 (29)  4 (77)  0 (8) 4 (39)  0 (17)  2 (51)  1 (14)  2 (41)  8 (30)  
RTAs  4 (30)  4 (26)  3 (33)  2 (37)  2 (40)  4 (19)  3 (12)  3 (18)  3 (16)  
TRIPS  2 (84)  8 (97)  9 (66)  4 (139)  9 (209)  5 (96)  1 (67)  1 (142)  0 (80)  
GATS  0 (68)  2 (45)  1 (38)  3 (66)  1 (48)  3 (75)  7 (64)  1 (21)  1 (25)  
QRs 2 (8) 1 (6) 2 (8) 13 (14)  5 (10)  15 (22)  8 (11)  12 (16)  7 (10)  
TRIMs  0 (21)  0 (18)  0 (4) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (6) 0 (5) 1 (4) 0 (2) 
BoP Provisions  0 (9) 0 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (5) 1 (4) 0 (1) 
Preshipment 
Inspection  0 (0) 0 (2) 0 (2) 0 (4) 0 (3) 0 (2) 0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (2) 
Rules of Origin  0 (5) 0 (4) 0 (8) 0 (14)  0 (22)  0 (17)  0 (13)  0 (17)  0 (13)  
GPA 18 (29)  3 (32)  2 (16)  1 (13)  2 (15)  5 (27)  4 (40)  2 (66)  3 (46)  
ITA  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Trade Facilitation  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (55)  0 (26)  0 (17)  9 (57)  
Other notifications  1 (4) 0 (6) 0 (9) 0 (6) 1 (5) 0 (4) 0 (7) 0 (7) 1 (5) 
Total environment -
related notifications  481 (3321)  453 (3441)  477 (3010)  568 (3374)  620 (3545)  551 (3773)  498 (3408)  575 (3744)  602 (3786)  
Share of 
environment -related 
notifications  14.5%  13.2%  15.8%  16.8%  17.5%  14.6%  14.6%  15.4%  15.9%  
 
 WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 17 - 
 
  Annex III - Number of Environment -related Notifications and Measures1 (2017) 
 
 
                                                
1 Notifications may contain more than one measure.  
44
1 324
1 7 36151
8390
9359
1 381
168
3507
51
10390
18
Total Environment-related Notifications Total Environment-related MeasuresWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Annex IV - WTO Agreements with the most Environment -related Notifications and 
Measures  
 
1. Agreement on Agriculture  
Chart 3.1 - Environment -related Agriculture Notifications and M easures (2009  – 2017 ) 
 
 
 
140168177204244334
213259359
364944 4234423243 44
0100200300400
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Number of environment-related Agriculture measures
Number of environment-related Agriculture notificationsWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 19 - 
 
  Chart 3.2 - Types of Environment -related Measures in Agriculture Notifications ( 2017 )1  
 
  
                                                
1 Since more than one activit y/measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100 %. See also the EDB web application for the full breakdown by sector, measure or 
objective.  
0.3%1%1%1%2%3%4%4%4%7%8%10%12%16%19%20%21%23%1%1%4%9%39%57%0.3%1%1%4%12%99%
12247111313152429354457677274812216321402061221643356
Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementWaste management and recyclingSustainable forestry managementAnimal protectionEnergy conservation and efficiencyAfforestation/reforestationEnvironmentally friendly consumptionClimate change mitigation and adaptationAlternative and renewable energyEnvironmental protection from pests and diseasesGeneral environmental protectionSustainable and environmentally friendly productionBiodiversity and ecosystemOther environmental risks mitigationNatural resources conservationSoil management and conservationWater management and conservationSustainable agriculture managementImport tariffsImport quotasNot specifiedLoans and financingNon-monetary supportGrants and direct paymentsEnergyNot specifiedFisheriesForestryServicesAgricultureType of Objective Type of Measure Type of SectorWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 20 - 
 
  2. Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures  
Chart 3.3 - Environment -related ILP Notifications (2009 – 2017)  
 
404993102
80140137153
81
23202330
23383339
24
050100150200
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Number of environment-related Import Licensing Procedures measures
Number of environment-related Import Licensing Procedures notificationsWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 21 - 
 
  Chart 3.4 - Types of Environ ment -related Measures in ILP Notifications ( 2017 )2 
 
  
                                                
2 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100 %. See also the EDB web application for the full breakdown by sector, measure or 
objective.  
1%1%1%1%1%1%2%2%2%6%12%14%16%17%21%21%28%52%1%2%4%5%10%11%12%15%20%93%2%4%4%5%7%11%14%35%43%
1111112225101113141717234212348910121675233469112835
Sustainable forestry managementOther environmental risks mitigationEnvironmentally friendly consumptionAfforestation/reforestationSoil management and conservationAir pollution reductionSustainable fisheries managementClimate change mitigation and adaptationEnergy conservation and efficiencyGeneral environmental protectionBiodiversity and ecosystemWaste management and recyclingEnvironmental protection from pests and diseasesPlant protectionOzone layer protectionAnimal protectionChemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementMEAs implementation and complianceRisk assessmentConformity assessment proceduresQuarantine requirementsTechnical regulation or specificationsRegulation affecting movement or transitImport quotasOther environmental requirementsExport licencesBan/ProhibitionImport licencesAll products/economic activitiesForestryEnergyMiningFisheriesManufacturingAgricultureChemicalsOtherType of Objective Type of Measure Type of SectorWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 22 - 
 
  3. Agreement on the A pplication of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)  
Chart 3.5 - Environment -related SPS Notifications  and M easures (2009 – 2017 )  
 
 
Chart 3.6 - Types of Environment -related SPS Notifications ( 2017 )3 
 
 
  
                                                
3 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100 %. See also the EDB web application for the full breakdown by sector, measure or 
objective.  
8183
7691107
444762
51
020406080100120
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Number of environment-related Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures measures
Number of environment-related Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures notifications
2%4%4%6%8%10%16%31%33%33%49%2%4%12%14%14%29%84%2%8%8%10%10%18%25%84%
1223458161717251267715431445591343
Waste management and recyclingMEAs implementation and complianceOther environmental risks mitigationSustainable fisheries managementGeneral environmental protectionSustainable agriculture managementChemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementAnimal protectionPlant protectionBiodiversity and ecosystemEnvironmental protection from pests and diseasesConformity assessment proceduresImport licencesBan/ProhibitionQuarantine requirementsRegulation affecting movement or transitRisk assessmentTechnical regulation or specificationsNot specifiedForestryChemicalsServicesOtherFisheriesManufacturingAgricultureType of Objective Type of Measure Type of SectorWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 23 - 
 
  4. Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM)  
Chart 3.7 - Environment -related SCM Notifications  and M easures  (2009 – 2017)  
 
 
253
78493
57321
275544
190507
40
842
1548
2951
3161
0200400600
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Number of environment-related Subsidies and Countervailing Measures measures
Number of environment-related Subsidies and Countervailing Measures notificationsWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 24 - 
 
  Chart 3.8 - Types of Environment -related Measures in SCM Notifications (2017 )4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                
4 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100 %. See also the EDB web applicatio n for the full breakdown by sector, measure or 
objective.  
0.2%0.2%0.4%1%2%3%4%4%5%5%6%6%7%7%8%9%10%10%12%13%16%17%25%0.4%0.4%1%1%2%2%7%12%13%72%0.2%0.6%1%7%7%9%12%16%16%22%27%
1123917202124272832343743454953616481861292257912376166363135363646638183110139
Sustainable mining managementMEAs implementation and complianceEnvironmental protection from pests and diseasesPlant protectionAfforestation/reforestationAnimal protectionChemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementSoil management and conservationWaste management and recyclingAir pollution reductionNatural resources conservationSustainable forestry managementOther environmental risks mitigationWater management and conservationEnvironmental goods and services promotionSustainable and environmentally friendly productionClimate change mitigation and adaptationSustainable fisheries managementBiodiversity and ecosystemSustainable agriculture managementEnergy conservation and efficiencyGeneral environmental protectionAlternative and renewable energyPublic procurementOther support measuresOther environmental requirementsNot specifiedNon-monetary supportIncome or price supportTax concessionsLoans and financingCountervailing measure / investigationGrants and direct paymentsNot specifiedMiningChemicalsServicesOtherForestryFisheriesAll products/economic activitiesManufacturingAgricultureEnergyType of Objective Type of Measure Type of SectorWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 25 - 
 
  5. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)  
Chart 3.9 - Environment -related TBT Notifications and M easures (2009  – 2017 ) 
 
 
 
274 270 268353384
358
305377390
0100200300400500
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Number of environment-related Technical Barriers to Trade measures
Number of environment-related Technical Barriers to Trade notificationsWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 26 - 
 
  Chart 3.10 - Types of Environment -related TBT Notifications ( 2017 )5 
 
 
                                                
5 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100 %. See also the EDB web application for the full breakdown by sector, measure or 
objective.  
0.3%0.3%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%2%2%3%3%3%8%10%19%21%35%1%20%95%2%2%2%4%5%6%8%31%55%
11222333444681112133240758313827837066715212433122213
Plant protectionEnvironmental goods and services promotionSustainable forestry managementNatural resources conservationEnvironmentally friendly consumptionEnvironmental protection from pests and diseasesMEAs implementation and complianceAnimal protectionSustainable fisheries managementOzone layer protectionBiodiversity and ecosystemWater management and conservationSustainable agriculture managementAlternative and renewable energySustainable and environmentally friendly productionClimate change mitigation and adaptationWaste management and recyclingAir pollution reductionGeneral environmental protectionEnergy conservation and efficiencyChemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementRisk assessmentConformity assessment proceduresTechnical regulation or specificationsForestryFisheriesNot specifiedEnergyServicesAgricultureOtherChemicalsManufacturingType of ObjectiveType of
Measure Type of SectorWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 27 - 
 
  Annex V - Search Word Frequency in Notifications in 20171 
 
 
                                                
1 Figures in parenthesis indicate the share of total environment -related notifications that included a given 
search word.  
12 (2.0%)
99 (16.4%)
21 (3.5%)
9 (1.5%)
21 (3.5%)
18 (3.0%)
23 (3.8%)
80 (13.3%)
16 (2.7%)
27 (4.5%)
31 (5.1%)
55 (9.1%)
29 (4.8%)
141 (23.4%)
310 (51.5%)
2 (0.3%)
18 (3.0%)
54 (9.0%)
20 (3.3%)
27 (4.5%)
17 (2.8%)
6 (1.0%)
24 (4.0%)
63 (10.5%)
10 (1.7%)
4 (0.7%)
1 (0.2%)
12 (2.0%)
20 (3.3%)
50 (8.3%)
37 (6.1%)
24 (4.0%)
7 (1.2%)
57 (9.5%)
6 (1.0%)
18 (3.0%)
29 (4.8%)
41 (6.8%)
19 (3.2%)
52 (8.6%)
18 (3.0%)
64 (10.6%)
38 (6.3%)
10 (1.7%)
66 (11.0%)
35 (5.8%)
13 (2.2%)Basel Convention
Bio
Carbon
CFCs
CITES
Clean
Climate
Conserv(ation)
Diversity
Eco-label
Ecology
Emissions
Endangered
Energy
Environment
Extinct
Fauna
Fish
Flora
Forest
Genetic
GHGs
Green (house)
Hazardous
HCFCs
Indigenous
Kyoto Protocol
Modified organism
Montreal Protocol
Natural resources
Organic
Ozone
Package(ing)
Pollution
Preservation
Preserve
Recycle
Renewable
Saving
Species
(Soil) erosion
Sustainable
Toxic
Tree
Waste
Wildlife
WoodWT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 28 - 
 
  Annex VI - EDB Harmonized Categories   
Table 3.1 - Category of environment -related objectives (25)  
Afforestation/reforestation  
Air pollution reduction  
Alternative and renewable energy  
Animal protection  
Biodiversity and ecosystem  
Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances management  
Climate change mitigation and adaptation  
Energy conservation and efficiency  
Environmental goods and services promotion  
Environmental protection from pests and diseases  
Environmentally friendly consumption  
General environmental protection  
MEAs implementation and compliance  
Natural resources conservation  
Other environmental risks mitigation  
Ozone layer protection  
Plant protection  
Soil management and conservation  
Sustainable agriculture management  
Sustainable and environmentally friendly production  
Sustainable fisheries management  
Sustainable forestry management  
Sustainable mining management  
Waste  management and recycling  
Water management and conservation  
 
Table 3.2 - Category of type of measures (3 1) 
Anti-dumping measure / investigation  
Ban/Prohibition  
Conformity assessment procedures  
Countervailing measure / investigation  
Environmental provisions in trade agreements  
Export licences  
Export quotas  
Export tariffs  
General environmental reference 1  
Grants and direct payments  
                                                
1 "General environmental reference" is a harmonized category that is only used in TPRs.  WT/CTE/EDB/17  
 
- 29 - 
 
  Import licences  
Import quotas  
Import tariffs  
Income or price support  
Intellectual property measures  
Internal taxes  
Investment measures  
Loans and financing  
Non-monetary support  
Not specified  
Other environmental requirements  
Other measures  
Other price and market based measures  
Other support measures  
Public procurement  
Quarantine requirements  
Regulation affecting movement or transit  
Risk assessment  
Safeguard measure / investigation  
Tax concessions  
Technical regulation or specifications  
 
Table 3.3 - Category of sectors subject to the measure (11)  
Agriculture  
All products/economic activities  
Chemicals  
Energy  
Fisheries  
Forestry  
Manufacturing  
Mining  
Not specified  
Other  
Services  
 
 
 
 
__________