KENYA STANDARD                     KS 2177:  2017 
                
   
Ks 27 70-4: 2018 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Admixture fo r concrete, mortar, and grout -
Part 4  Admixtures for grout for prestressing 
tendons - requirements  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
©KEBS 2018                         First  Edition 2018 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KS 2177: 2017                                                                                                            
 
ii                     © KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved   
TECHNICAL COMMITEE REPRESENTATIO N 
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:  
 
1. Architectural Association of  Kenya  
2. Bamburi Cement  
3. CHRYSO Eastern Africa Limited  
4. Concrete Products (K)Ltd  
5. Consumer Information Network  
6. Howards Humprey  East Africa LTD  
7. Institute of  quantity surveyors of Kenya  
8. Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI  
9. Kenya Institute of Highways and Building Technology (KIHBT)  
10. Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development.  
11. National Environment Management Author ity 
12. National Housing Corporation  
13. Technical University of Kenya  
14. University of Nairobi  
15. Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS  
 
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly review ed. Suggestions 
for improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, 
are welcome.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© Kenya Bureau of Standards, 20 17 
  
Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright A ct, Cap. 12 of 2001  of the Laws of Kenya, copyright 
subsists in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 26 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bure au of 
Standards may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or  transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing 
from the Managing Director . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KENYA STANDARD                                  KS 2177 : 2017 
                
 © KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved            iii  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Admixture for concrete, mortar, and grout -
 Part 4 Admixtures  for grout for 
prestressing tendons - requirements  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KENYA BUREAU OF  STANDARDS (KEBS)  
 
Head Office:  P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi -00200, Tel.: (+ 254 020 ) 605490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020 ) 604031  
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Coast Region     Lake Region          Rift Valley Region  
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Fax: (+254  041) 229448    Fax: (+254 057) 21814         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KS 2177: 2017                                                                                                            
 
iv                     © KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved  Foreword  
 
This Kenya Standa rd was revised  by the Concrete Technical Committee, under the guidance of the 
standards Projects Committee, and it is in accordance with the procedures of the  Kenya  Bureau  of 
Standards .  
This standard is part of the series KS 2770  "Admixtures for concrete,  mortar and grout", which is comprised of the 
following additional parts:  
 Part 1  Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout —Common requirements  
 Part 2  Concrete admixtures — Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling  
 
 Part3  Admixtures fo r masonry mortar — Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling  
 
 
 Part 4   Admixtures for grout for prestressing tendons - Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and 
labelling  
 
 Part 5  Admixtures for sprayed concrete - Definitions, re quirements, conformity, marking and labelling  
 
 
 Part 6  Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity  
This draft Standard is used with the standards of the KS 2769 : 2017 series which comprises the test methods 
for admixtures.  
 
               
© KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved                      1 BS EN 934 -4:2009 
EN 934 -4:2009 (E)  
KENYA  STANDARD                       KS 27 70:2018 
Admixture for concrete, mortar, and grout -Part 4 Admixtures  for grout 
for prestressing tendons – requirements  
 
1. Scope  
This Standard defines and specifies requirements and conformity criteria for admixtures for the 
use in grouts for prestressing tendons according to ISO 14824 -1. It covers admixtures for use in 
site11) mixed grout only.  
 
Provisions for the use of grout admixtures are not part of this standard but are covered by ISO 
14824.  
 
2. Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For 
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of 
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
KS EAS 148 -2-2016: Cement — Test methods — Part 2: Chemical analysis  
KS EAS 148 -6-2016: Cement — Test methods — Part 6: Determination of fineness  
KS EAS 18 -1-2016: Cement — Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity criteria for common 
cement  
ISO 14824 -3:2012  Grout fo r prestressing tendons  Part 3: Test methods  
KS 2770 -1, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout  Part 1: Common requirements  
KS 2770 -6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 6: Sampling, conformity control and 
evaluation of conformity  
EN 1008 , Mixing water for concrete — Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, 
including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete  
 
3.  Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this docum ent, the terms and definitions in KS 2770 -1and the following apply.  
 
3.1.  
admixture for grout  
material which improves the characteristics of grouts to be injected into ducts for prestressing 
tendons by influencing their properties such as fluidity, expansion, volume change and bleeding, 
individually or in combination  
 
3.2.  
expanding grout admixture  
admixture for use in grout which is intended to ensure that the initial volume of the liquid grout 
has not reduced after hardening  
 
3.3.  
compliance dosage  
dosage of an admix ture, quoted by the manufacturer in % by mass of cement, which will 
meet the requirements of this standard and which is within the recommended range of dosage  
 
3.4.  
recommended range of dosage 
dosages between limits, which the manufacturer recommends for the product and are expressed in % by 
mass of cement, based on experience on site  
 
NOTE  The use of the recommended dosage does not imply that compliance with this standard will be met over the whole range. Trial tests should be carried out with the materials to be used on site to find the dosage necessary to achieve the required result (see ISO 14824 -2). 
 
 
 
3.5.  
                                                      
11 For this standard site includes precast concrete factories.  KS 2177: 2017  
            
                              © KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved  2 test mix  
prescribed mix of cement, water and admixture  
 
4.  Composition and preparation of test mix  
 
4.1.  Constituent materials  
a) Cement type CEM I strength classe s 42.5 and 52.5 complying with EAS 18 -1, C 3A content 7% to 
11% by mass calculated from chemical analysis in accordance with EAS 148 -2 and a specific 
surface of 320 m2/kg to 400 m2/kg determined in accordance with EAS 148 -6. 
b) Water in accordance with EN 1008 . 
c) Admixture for grout under test used at its compliance dosage.  
 
4.2.  Water/cement ratio  
This shall be adjusted to provide the fluidity in 4.3 and shall not exceed 0.42.  
 
4.3.  Fluidity  
The fluidity, measured by cone method in accordance with ISO 14824 -3, at (20 ± 2) °C, immediately after 
mixing shall be (15 ± 3) s  
 
4.4.  Mixing  
This shall be carried out mechanically, with a high shear mixer, to obtain a homogeneous grout. Any 
recommendations from the manufacturer of the admixture, regarding the mixing sequence, shall be followed.  
 
5.  Requirements  
 
5.1.  General  
Admixtures for grout shall comply with Table 1 and  KS 2770 -1, Table 1 .  
 
5.2. Specific  
Test mixes shall comply with Table 1.  
 
Table 1 — Requirements for grout admixtures  
 
No Property  Test method  Requirements  
1 Fluidity 30  min after 
mixing a ISO 14824 -3 Cone method  ≤ 25 s 
2 Compressive strength a ISO 14824 -3 ≥30 MPa at 28 days  
3 Bleeding  Annex A ≤2% of initial volume at 3 h  
4 Range of volume change 
at 24 h  Annex A -1 % ≤ S ≤5 % 
0 ≤S ≤ 5 %, when testing expanding admixtur es, 
where S is the volume change  
aThese requirements correspond with ISO 14824 -1. 
 
5.3.  Release of dangerous substances  
For content and release of substances from the hardened grout dangerous to health, hygiene and the 
environment the relevant environmental  regulations shall apply.  
 
6.  Sampling  
Requirements for sampling are given in KS 2770 -6. 
 
7.  Conformity control  
Requirements for conformity control are given in KS 2770 -6. The frequency of testing in connection with factory 
production control is given in Table  2 
                          KS 2177: 2017  
 
 
© KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved          
     3 
 Table 2 — Minimum frequency of test for factory production control of admixtures for grout for  
prestressing tendons  
Tests  Frequency  
Homogenity, colour  B 
Relative density (for liquids only)  B 
Conventional dry material content  B 
pH value (for liquid s only)  B 
Chloride content (CI)a 4 
Compressive strength  1 
Fluidity  A 
Bleeding  A 
Volume change  A 
Numbers in this table denote minimum frequency of test per year, spread according to production; if the 
production is less frequent every batch has to be tested.  
 
A: means test for every 500 t with a minimum of 2 times a year  
 
B: means test for each batch  
 
a Total chlorine content also has to be tested at this frequency if it is significantly different from the water 
soluble chloride content.  
 
NOTE  Effective comp onent (infra red analysis) need not be included in the programme of factory production control. They shall be 
included in initial type testing.   
8.  Evaluation of conformity  
Requirements for evaluation of conformity are given in KS 2770 -6. 
 
9.  Marking and labe lling  
 
9.1. General  
When admixtures for grout are supplied in containers they shall be clearly marked with the relevant 
information. When the material is supplied into a bulk container at the point of delivery, the same information 
shall be provided in writing  at the time of delivery.  
 
9.2. Designation of admixtures  
Admixtures for concrete shall be designated by:  
a) Name of type of admixture in English language.  
b) Number of standard: KS 2770 -4, 
Type of admixture (i.e. admixture for grout or expanding admixture for grout;  KS 2770 -4  
 
EXAMPLE  Admixture for grout or expanding admixture for grout; KS 2770 -4. 
 
9.3. Additional Information  
a) batch number and production plant;  
 
b) summary of storage requirements including any special requirements on storage life which shall be 
clearly mark ed, e  g.: This admixture shall not be taken to comply with KS 2770 -4 after "date";  
 
c) instructions for homogenisation, before use, when necessary;  
 
d) instructions for use and any necessary safety precautions, e. g. if caustic, toxic or corrosive;  
 
e) manufacturer 's recommended range of dosage.  
 
 KS 2177: 2017  
            
                              © KEBS 2017 — All rights reserved  4  
 
Annex A  
(normative)  
Bleed and Volume Change test  
A.1 Principle  
The test measures the bleeding and volume change, as a percentage, of the initial volume of the grout 
between the start and end of the test. The bleeding is  assessed at 3 h and the volume change at 24 h 
resulting from segregation or expansion of the grout.  
 
A.2 Apparatus  
A transparent cylinder of (50 ± 1) mm internal diameter and approximately 200 mm in height.  
 
A.3 Procedure  
Support the cylinder vertically o n a surface that is free from shocks or vibration. Fill it carefully to a height of 
(180 ± 5) mm keeping clean the internal surface of the transparent cylinder above the grout meniscus. 
Measure the height h of the grout column accurately. Place a loose cov er on the top of the tube to prevent 
evaporation.  
 
After 3 h, measure the height of any bleed water on the top of the grout as h 1.  
 
After  24 h re -measure the total height of the grout column as h 2. 
 
A.4 Reporting results  
 
A.4.1 Bleeding  
The bleeding afte r the 3 h period is given by  
 
 
where  
         h the initial height of the grout column in mm  
h1       the height of the water on top of the grout after 3 h in mm   
 
A.4.2 Volume change  
The volume change after the 24 h period is given by  
  
where  
h the init ial height of the grout column in mm  
            h2 the height of the grout column after 24 h in mm