G/SCM/N/253/CHE  
 
21 June 2013  
(13-3227)  Page: 1/16  
Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures  Original: English  
 
 SUBSIDIES 
NEW AND FULL NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XVI:1 OF THE 
GATT 1994 AND ARTICLE 25 OF THE AGREEMENT ON 
SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 
SWITZERLAND  
The following communication, dated 10 June 2013, is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of Switzerland. 
 
_______________ G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
PART ONE: IN DUSTRY ...................................................................................................... 3  
I. MEASURES IN APPLICATION OF REGIONAL POLICY ................................................ 3  
II. ASSISTANCE FOR MOUNTAIN  AND RURAL AREAS ................................................... 4  
III. ASSISTANCE FOR FORESTRY ACTIVITIES ................................................................ 5  
PART TWO: AGRICULTURE ............................................................................................... 6  
I. DAIRY PRODUCTS ................................................................................................... 6  
II. HORSES ................................................................................................................... 7  
III. WOOL ...................................................................................................................... 8  
IV. EGGS ....................................................................................................................... 9  
V. PROTEIN AND FIBR E PLANTS ................................................................................ 10  
VI. OIL-SEED S ............................................................................................................ 11  
VII. SUGAR BEET .......................................................................................................... 12  
VIII. SEEDS ................................................................................................................... 13  
IX. FRUIT .................................................................................................................... 14  
X. PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ................................................................ 15  G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  PART ONE: INDUSTRY 
I. MEASURES IN APPLICATION OF REGIONAL POLICY 
1. Title of the programme 
Guarantees for investment credits granted under the former law (Federal Law of 6 October 1995, 
Official Collection of Federal Law 2006 4301). 
 Tax relief in application of the Regional Policy (since 1 January 2008). 
 
2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 
3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
Support of projects of private enterprises aimed at  helping reduce disparities in structurally weak, 
mostly rural regions. 
 
4. Background and authority 
Guarantees for investment credits  
 
Legal basis:  - Federal Law of 6 October 1995 (former law, Official Collection of Federal Law 2006 4301) 
- Art. 14 of Federal law on regional policy of 6 October 2006 (state as of 1 January 2008) 
 Authority: 
 
- State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO / Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER 
 
Tax relief 
 Legal basis:  
 
- Art. 12 of the Federal law on regional policy of 6 October 2006 (state as of 1 January 2008). - Ordinance of 28 November 2007 about tax relief in application of regional policy (state as of 
1 January 2008). 
- Ordinance of 28 November 2007 on development areas (state as of 1 January 2008).  
Authority: 
 State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO / Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER. 
 
5. Form of the subsidy 
Guarantees for investment credits granted under the former Law (Federal Law of 6 October 1995, 
Official Collection of Federal Law 2006 4301) for maximal duration of 8 years. They will expire 
about 2015-2016.  
Partial or full tax reliefs granted in application of the federal law on regional policy of 
6 October 2006 for a maximum duration of 10 years.  6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
Both guarantees for investment credits (under the former law) and tax reliefs (under the law of 
regional policy) are granted to manufacturing comp anies and to services companies with activities G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  closely linked to the manufacturing process. The project has to be innovative (the product and the 
manufacturing process have to be technologically up-to-date), create or maintain jobs and be situated in a structurally weak area.  
Areas considered as economically less developed are those where: 
 
a. A particular need for structural adaptation exists in consequence of an evolution of the 
population lower than that of the whole country, a level of incomes definitely lower than 
the national average and a proportion of indust rial activities higher than the average;  
b. The average unemployment exceeds the national average; 
c. The trend in the number of jobs has been markedly less favourable than the national 
average; or 
d. There are clear indications that at least one of the situations mentioned above will occur 
shortly, in particular that the prospects for the most important sectors of the economy 
and for the largest firms are unfavourable. 
7. Unit amount of the subsidy or, where this is not possible, total amount or budgeted 
annual amount of the subsidy 
Guarantees for investment credits  
 
The Confederation's total share of the losses on guaranteed loans granted under the former law 
(Federal Law of 6 October 1995) was CHF 0.40 million in 2011 and CHF 4.72 million in 2012, with 
federal commitments as a whole amounting to CHF 23.8 million at year end 2011 and 
CHF 16.18 million at year end 2012.  
Tax relief 
 
Data is not yet available. 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy and/or any ot her deadline connected with the subsidy 
Guarantees for investment credits 
 
The Federal Law of 6 October 1995 (Official Collection of Federal law 2006 4301) was abrogated 
on 31 December 2007. Thus the maximum duration of the guarantee is 8 years, that is, the last 
guarantees will expire about 2015-2016. 
 
Tax relief 
 
The Federal law on regional policy of 6 October 2006 remains in force indefinitely. 
 The tax reliefs are granted for a maximum duration of 10 years.  
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Guarantees for investment credits 
 
The effect of the assistance programme on trade is negligible, if not non-existent. 
 Tax relief 
 An assessment is not yet possible.  
II. ASSISTANCE FOR MOUNTAIN AND RURAL AREAS 
1. Title of the programme G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  Surety and contributions to interest-servicing in mountain and rural areas. 
 2. Period covered 
2011 and 2012 
 
3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
The programme is aimed at providing long and me dium term capital loans to small and medium-
sized establishments situated in mountain and rural areas. 
 4. Background and authority 
This financial assistance is based on the Federal Law encouraging credit guarantees and on loan 
service contributions in mountain and rural areas (SR 901.2) of 25 June 1976. These areas are 
defined in the Federal ordinance of 28 November 2007 concerning regional policy (SR 901.021).  
5. Form of the subsidy 
The Confederation encourages the grant of sureti es by giving subsidies to the Swiss Guarantee 
Cooperative for the Arts and Crafts and by making interest-servicing contributions. The subsidy 
does not relate to a specific product or sector. 
 6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
The programme applies to sureties and interest-servicing contributions for small- and medium-
sized enterprises which are profitable or likely to develop, whether existing or to be created. 
Payments are made only to establishments whic h are not already supported by the Confederation 
in some other way. 
 
7. Unit amount of the subsidy or, where this is not possible, total amount or budgeted 
annual amount of the subsidy 
The Confederation's total share of the losses on guaranteed loans was CHF 1.3 million in 2011 and 
CHF 0.2 million in 2012, with federal commitments as a whole amounting to CHF 9.7 million at 
year end 2011 and CHF 7.4 million at year end 2012.  
The contributions to interest servicing paid out totalled CHF 0.2 million in 2011 and CHF 0.2 million 
in 2012.  
8. Duration of the subsidy and/or any ot her deadline connected with the subsidy 
The assistance programme for mountain and rural areas remains in force indefinitely. 
 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
The effect of the subsidy on trade is insignificant, if not non-existent. 
 
III. ASSISTANCE FOR FORESTRY ACTIVITIES 
1. Title of the programme 
New system of fiscal equalization and division of tasks. 
 
2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 
3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
Compensation to forest owners for services rendered to the public. G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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4. Background and authority  
Federal Law on Forests (1991) [SR 921]. 
 
Federal Ordinance on Forests [SR 921.01]. 
 5. Form of the subsidy 
Since 2008 the New system of fiscal equalization and division of tasks (NFE) is in force. This 
system also concerns the assistance in the field of  forestry. Assistance is allocated in the form of 
indemnities and financial assistance.  
6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
The subsidy is granted in form of four year long programs and flat rate budget (2008-2011; 
2012-2015) that are granted by the Confederation after cantonal proposals have been submitted. 
According the subsidy to the defined products and services within the programs goes fully to the 
cantons for the implementation.  
7. Unit amount of the subsidy or, where this is not possible, total amount or budgeted 
annual amount of the subsidy 
In 2011, the Confederation was engaged in programs amounting to CHF 120 million; in 2012, it 
was CHF 133 million. 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy and/or any ot her deadline connected with the subsidy 
Starting 2008, four year long programs (2008-2011; 2012-2015) were introduced.  
 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
The effect of the assistance programme on trade is negligible, if not non-existent (payments for 
environmental services like the maintenance of protection forests [e.g. mature trees cutting in 
protected forests to allow regeneration while young trees will be left in the forest where timber transport is difficult due to rugged conditions] or conservation of biodiversity). 
PART TWO: AGRICULTURE 
I. DAIRY PRODUCTS 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Cantonal income support for dairy producers in the Canton Valais. 
 
2. Period covered 
2011 
 
3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
In 2011 the Canton of Valais took measures to support the regional milk production. 
 
4. Background and authority 
Cantonal law on agriculture (LcADR) N° 910.01 of 8 February 2007, Article 3; Cantonal ordinance 
on agriculture and rural development (OcADR) N° 910.100, dated 27 June 2007, Article 8. 
 G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  5. Form of the subsidy 
Contributions (grants). 
 6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
Contribution per kilo milk processed into dairy products except cheese. 
 7. Amount of the subsidy per head 
The contributions are paid as follows: 
 CHF 900,000 for a total of 6,000,000 litres of milk.  
8. Duration of the subsidy 
The programme has been limited to the period of 2011 only. 
 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Year Total production of milk Canton Valais, 
in tons 
2011/12 (1 May 2011–30 April 2012) 30,282 
II. HORSES 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Export subsidies for live horses. 
 
2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
The Canton of Jura takes measures to maintain domestic horse breeding for the needs of 
agriculture. These measures apply only to horses of the breed "Franches-montagnes" and "Demi-sang" in the Canton of Jura. 
4. Background and authority 
a. Arrêté du 7 octobre 2011 octroyant un crédit au service de l'économie rurale pour le 
versement de subventions pour l'exportation de chevaux. 
b. Arrêté du 20 mars 2012 octroyant un crédit au service de l'économie rurale pour le 
versement de subventions pour l'exportation de chevaux. 
5. Form of the subsidy 
A Cantonal financial export subsidy is paid to horse-breeders for exports of horses of the breeds 
encouraged by the Canton of Jura.  
6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
The subsidy is granted to breeders upon export. 
 G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  7. Amount of the subsidy 
Total export subsidies in 2011 amounted to CHF 94,000 and CHF 88,000 in 2012. 8. Duration of the subsidy 
The Cantonal subsidy has been in force since 20 April 2010. 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Numbers and Trade
1 
(Head) 
 
Year Horse numbers Imports Exports 
2011 60,000 3,964 1,323 
2012 60,000 4,322 1,288 
 
Most exports are not subsidized (subsidies covered about 94 heads in 2011 and 88 in 2012). 
 
III. WOOL 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Purchase of domestic wool and wool projects. 
 2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 
3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
There are at present some 450,000 heads of sheep,  the majority of which are in mountain areas. 
The subsidy enables the Swiss wool industry to pu rchase domestic wool, while at the same time 
guaranteeing a contribution to producers for thei r production costs. The contributions for wool 
projects enables the industry to develop processes for wool treatment and to promote wool 
products. 
 4. Background and authority 
Agriculture Law of 29 April 1998 (SR 910.1). 
5. Form of the subsidy 
2011/12: The Confederation makes an annual contribu tion of CHF 0.7 million for the professional 
treatment of domestic sheep wool and for wool projects. 
 
6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
2011/12: The subsidy is granted by the Confederat ion to recognized self-help organisations of 
sheep owners and wool processors. The contribution  is based on the weight of transformed wool 
and based on project costs.  
                                               
1 Enumeration is carried out in April of each year . Horses intended for slaughter are not included. G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  7. Amount of the subsidy per unit 
Year Total (millions of CHF) Per unit (CHF per kg) 
2011 0.2 (for the treatment of 
domestic sheep wool) 2.00 
2011 0.5 (for wool projects)  
2012 0.3 (for the treatment of 
domestic sheep wool) 2.00 
2012 0.3 (for wool projects)  
8. Duration of the subsidy 
The subsidy for the purchase of domestic wool was introduced in 1962. It is provided in 
two instalments per year. Contributions for projects were introduced in 2003. 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Production and trade of wool (in tons) 
 
Year Production Imports Exports 
2011 540 565 566 
2012 567 571 557 
 
IV. EGGS 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Contributions for the disposal of eggs. 
 2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
The purpose of the subsidy is to promote the disposal of domestic eggs.  
 4. Background and authority 
a. Federal Law On Agriculture of 29 April 1998 (SR 910.1). 
b. Federal Ordinance of 26 November 2003 concerning the egg market (SR 916.371: Egg 
ordinance). 
5. Form of the subsidy 
Contributions (grants).  
 6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
The Confederation can finance measures to facilitate the disposal of domestic eggs (cracking eggs 
and price reductions).   G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  7. Amount of the subsidy 
Year Total amount (millions of CHF) 
2011 1.8 
2012 1.6 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy 
Payments are made usually on a monthly basis during a calendar year. 
 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Production, trade and consumption of eggs in shell (millions of eggs) 
 
Year Production Imports Consumption 
2011 757 533 979 
2012 765 567 980 
 
Exports are negligible. 
 
V. PROTEIN AND FIBRE PLANTS 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Bonuses to promote the growing of protein and fibre plants.  
 
2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 
3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
Growing premiums for protein and fibre plants ar e one of the measures designed to safeguard 
producer income and support local production. 
 4. Background and authority 
c. Federal Law On Agriculture of 29 April 1998 (SR 910.1). 
5. Form of the subsidy 
Payment to the producer (grant).  
 
6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
Crop bonuses proportionate to the area under cultivation are allocated to domestic producers of 
high-protein peas and field beans. The bonuses  are allocated annually in the Confederation 
budget.  
 G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  7. Amount of the subsidy  
Support measures Millions of CHF 
 2011 2012 
Payment to the producer (1,000 CHF per 
hectare) Field beans and 
high-protein peas; 
fibre plant 3.8 3.8 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy 
The subsidy was paid on the basis of the ordinance of 7 December 1998 for the period covered.  
 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Production, trade and consumption 
(not allowing for fluctuations in stocks) 
 
Field beans, high-protein peas 
Year Production 
(thousands of tons) Imports 
(thousands of tons) Consumption 
(thousands of tons) 
2011 15.4 17.3 32.7 
2012 14.5 14 28.5 
 
VI. OIL-SEEDS 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Bonuses to promote the growing of oilseeds. 
 2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
The measures taken to promote arable farming are aimed at keeping a minimum area for the 
production of oil-seeds both for biological reasons linked to the need for a certain crop 
diversification and for reasons of maintaining domestic supply.   
4. Background and authority 
Federal Law On Agriculture of 29 April 1998 (SR 910.1).  
 
5. Form of the subsidy 
Payment to the producer (grant).  
 6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
The following subsidies are granted for rapeseed, sunflower seed, flaxseed, oil pumpkinseed and 
soybeans: Crop bonuses proportionate to the area under cultivation are allocated to domestic producers. 
 G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  7. Annual amount of the subsidy 
Support measures Millions of CHF 
 2011 2012 
Payment to the producer (1’000 CHF per hectare) Rapeseed, ... , 
sunflower seed 
and soybeans 26.8 27.2 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy 
A support of oil production was introduced in 1951. The subsidy was paid on the basis of the 
ordinance of 7 December 1998 for the period covered.   9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
The subsidy has made it possible to keep a minimum area under oil-seed production. Domestic 
production is equivalent to 20-25 per cent of Swiss average consumption of vegetable oils and fats. 
 
Production and trade 
(in tons) 
 
Year Production Import Oil exports 
2011 Rapeseed 74,000 7,524 630 
Soybeans 3,300 20,245 172 
Sunflower seeds 9,900 10,443 1,400 
2012 Rapeseed 68,700 6,400 279 
Soybeans 3,800 18,400 46 
Sunflower seeds 9,600 9,455 1,238 
 
VII.  SUGAR BEET 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Bonuses to promote the growing of sugar beet for sugar production. 
 2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
In order to guarantee domestic supply, a subsid y to promote the production of sugar beet was 
introduced in 2008 and has fully replaced in 2009 the allowance to the sugar factories.  
4. Background and authority 
Art. 54 of the Federal Law On Agricultural of 29 April 1998 (SR 910.1). 
 5. Form of the subsidy 
Payment to the producer (grant). G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
Crop bonuses are proportionate to the area under cultivation. They are allocated to domestic 
producers of sugar beet, which are used to produce sugar. To receive the grant, producers must 
have a written contract with a sugar processing factory. 
 7. Amount of the subsidy per unit 
Year Support measures Total (Millions of 
CHF) CHF per hectare 
2011 Payment to the producer (grant) 36.8 1,900 
2012 Payment to the producer (grant) 37.3 1,900 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy 
The legislation funding subsidy for production of sugar was introduced in 1957. The subsidy was 
paid on the basis of the ordinance of 7 December 1998 for the period covered. 
 9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Production and trade of sugar (in tons) 
 
Year Production Imports2 Exports3 
2011 294,000 103,809 6,090 
2012 255,800 84,152 8,468 
VIII.  SEEDS  
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Bonuses to promote the growing of plants seeds.  
 
2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
The seeds culture of food and feed crops must  be maintained under the Swiss production 
conditions to ensure domestic supply.  
4. Background and authority 
Federal Law On Agriculture of 29 April 1998 (SR 910.1).  
 
5. Form of the subsidy 
Payment to the producer (grant). 
 
                                               
2 Customs tariff headings:1701.1100/1200/9100/9900/9991/9999. 
3 Id. G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
The following subsidies are granted for production of seed potato, seed corn and seed grass. Crop 
bonuses proportionate to the area under cultivation are allocated to domestic producers.   
7. Amount of the subsidy 
Support measures Millions of CHF 
 2011 2012 
Payment to the producer (1,000 CHF per hectare) Seed production 3.9 4.0 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy 
The subsidy was paid on the basis of the ordinance of 7 December 1998 for the period covered. 
 9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Production and trade (in thousands of tons) 
 
Year  Production Imports Exports 
2011 Seed potatoes 26.6 2.8 0.5 
Seed corn 0.6 1.4 0.1 
Seed grass 0.2 7.5 0.9 
2012 Seed potatoes 26.9 3.3 0.2 
Seed corn 0.5 1.4 0.1 
Seed grass 0.2 6.9 1.0 
 
IX. FRUIT 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Promotion of domestic production.  
 
2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 
3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
The purpose of the subsidy is to offer products at a competitive price within the scope of the 
promotion of rural development. Other measures in this sector are aimed at preventing a collapse 
in the prices of domestic products. 
 4. Background and authority 
Federal Law on Agriculture of 29 April 1998 (SR 910.1). 
 5. Form of the subsidy  
The subsidies are granted according to a) and b) 
 G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  a. Subsidies to promote the utilization of surpluses. These are primarily intended for 
manufacturers of concentrated fruit juice to cover the additional costs resulting from the takeover of surpluses. 
b. In addition, subsidies are paid to manufacturers in order to create competitive conditions 
to purchase Swiss fruit for processing. The subsidies are fixed sums per unit, which are 
determined according to market conditions. 
6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
See replies to Question 5.  
 7. Amount of the subsidy  
Total amount (in millions of CHF) 
 
Year Total 
2011 1.9 
2012 1.6 
 
Amount per unit 
 
The amounts per unit for the measures mentioned cannot be shown because they vary too widely with conditions and with the market situation. 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy 
For the measures during the period covered by the notification, see the replies to Question 5. 
 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Production and trade 
(thousands of tons) 
 
Year Production Imports 
 Total4 of which apples Chapter 08 Heading 0808/0809 
2011 209 155 494 66 
2012 181 141 494 63 
 The quantities of fruit exported (Chapter 08) correspond to:  
2011:  7,191 tons 
2012:  10,400 tons  
X. PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 
1. Title of the subsidy programme 
Export refunds. 
 
                                               
4 Apples, pears, quinces, cherries, plums and prunes, apricots, peaches and berries. G/SCM/N/253/CHE 
 
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  2. Period covered 
2011-2012 
 3. General goal and/or purpose of the subsidy 
In order to place the Swiss food processing indust ry on an equal footing with foreign competitors 
in respect of the cost of basic agricultural commodities incorporated into processed products, the Law mentioned below authorises the Government to grant refunds on exports.  
 
4. Background and authority 
The Federal Law of 13 December 1974 on the import and export of processed agricultural products 
(SR: 362.111.72), which has been in force since 1 June 1976, and the Ordinance of 
22 December 2004, respectively of 23 November 2011, regulating contributions to exports of 
processed agricultural products (SR: 632.111.723).  
5. Form of the subsidy 
The contributions are granted for the export of ce rtain agricultural commodities (dairy products, 
egg products and cereal products) when exported in the form of processed agricultural products. 
These contributions are calculated on the basis of  the difference between Swiss and foreign prices 
of agricultural commodities and according to the qu antity of agricultural commodities used in the 
manufacture of the goods exported.   
6. How the subsidy is granted and to whom 
The contributions are paid to manufacturers upon  export. In 2011, requests for contributions for 
exports from January until November had to be submitted until end of December 2011, for exports 
in December until end of January 2012. In 2012, af ter an amendment of the respective Ordinance, 
requests for contributions for exports from January until June had to be submitted until 15 August 2012, for exports from July to November  until end of December 2012. Contributions for 
exports in December 2012 have to be requested until 15 August 2013 and are granted under the 
budget 2013.  7. Unit amount of the subsidy or, where this is not possible, total amount or budgeted 
annual amount of the subsidy. 
The total amount of the contributions paid wa s: CHF 76.3 million in 2011 and CHF 64.2 million 
in 2012. 
 
Export contributions are calculated and fixed for the defined agricultural commodities used by the food industry on the basis of the difference betw een Swiss and foreign representative prices. The 
export refunds are adapted in case of considerable  price fluctuations but at least once a year. The 
amount granted per unit of processed products depends on the fixed contributions and on the quantities of agricultural commodities us ed for the preparation of goods exported. 
 
8. Duration of the subsidy and/or any ot her deadline connected with the subsidy 
Export refunds for processed agricultural products are granted since 1 June 1976. Until 2011, the 
budget was allocated on an annual basis from 1 January to 31 December. The budget 2012 was 
allocated for exports from 1 January to 30 November 2012. From 2013, the budget of a given year 
is allocated for exports in December of the pr eceding year and for exports from January to 
November of the given year. 
 
9. Statistical data enabling the effects of  the subsidy on trade to be assessed 
Detailed, representative trade data for th e respective products is not published. 
 
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