DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS DEAS 867 
First  Edition  
2015-mm-dd 
 
 Reference nu mber  
DUS DEAS 867: 2015 
© UNBS 201 5 
  
Waxed paper for bread wrap- Specification 
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDUS DEAS 867:2015 
ii                © UNBS  2015 - All rights reserved 
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2015 
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to 
The Executive Director 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
P.O. Box 6329 
Kampala 
Uganda 
Tel: 256 41 505 995 
Fax: 256 41 286 123 
E-mail: unbs@infocom.co.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDUS DEAS 867:2015 
© UNBS  2015 - All rights reserved                iii National foreword 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended.  UNBS is mandated to co-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). 
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders. 
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
This Draft Uganda Standard, DUS DEAS 867: 2015, Waxed paper for bread wrap — Specification , is identical 
with and has been reproduced from an East African  Standard , DEAS 867: 2015, Waxed paper for bread wrap 
— Specification , and is being proposed for adoption  as a Uganda Standard.  
Wherever the words, “ East African Standard" appear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard." 
 
  DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD DEAS 867:2015 
ICS  
© EAS 2014                                                                                                                         First Edition 2014  
 
DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD 
 
Waxed paper for bread wrap- Specification 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDRAFT UGANDA STANDARDCD/K/24:2014 
ii © EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice 
This EAC document is copyright-protected by EAC. While the reproduction of this 
document by participants in the EAC standards development process is permitted 
without prior permission from EAC, neither this document nor any extract from it may 
be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior 
written permission from EAC. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it 
should be addressed as shown below or to EAC’s member body in the country of the 
requester: 
© East African Community 2013 — All rights reserved 
East African Community  
P.O.Box 1096 
Arusha 
Tanzania 
Tel: 255 27 2504253/8 
Fax: 255 27 2504481/2504255 
E-mail: eac@eachq.org 
       Web: www.eac-quality.net 
Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing 
agreement. Violators may be persecuted 
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
© EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Foreword 
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for 
harmonizing requirements governing quality of products and services in the East African 
Community. It is envisaged that through harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are 
encountered when goods and services are exchanged within the Community will be 
removed.  
In order to achieve this objective, the Community established an East African Standards 
Committee mandated to develop and issue East African Standards.  
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner 
States, together with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer 
organizations. Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the 
National Standards Bodies in the Partner States. The comments received are discussed 
and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures of the 
Community. 
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. 
Users of the East African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have 
the latest versions of the standards they are implementing.  
This Draft East African Standard, DEAS. 867:2015 was prepared by Technical Committee 
EASC //TC/065 Paper and paper products.  The Committee is composed of representatives 
from National Standards Bodies, regulators and academia, together with the 
representatives from the private sector and consumer organizations in Partner States.  
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 867:2015  
 
© EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  1 
  Waxed paper for bread wrap  Specification 
1 Scope 
This Draft East African standard specifies requirements and test methods for  waxed paper 
for bread and confectionary products wrap.  
2 Normative Reference 
ISO 8124-3, Safety of toys -- Part 3: Migration of certain elements  
SO 2758, Paper -- Determination of bursting strength  
2 Terms and Definitions 
For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply: 
3 Requirements 
3.1 General — The waxed paper shall be coated or impregnated on both sides.  It shall be uniform in 
thickness and shall not crack on folding, nor have any extraneous odour.  The waxed paper shall be heat-
sealed when heated and pressed together and shall have a reasonably low permeability to water vapour.  
When heat-sealed, the print, if any, shall not bleed. 
3.2 Size — The waxed papers shall be of such sizes as to ensure the complete wrapping of bread using 
standard methods of wrappings. 
3.3 Base Paper base paper used in the production of waxed paper shall conform to the requirements as 
specified in DEAS 860 
3.4 Wax — Fully refined paraffin wax with its blend of synthetic resins which is food grade shall have 
melting point range of 70 ºC – 80 ºC when tested according to the method given in Annex A, and shall contain 
not more than 0.5 per cent oil content. 
3.5 Inks — When tested in accordance to ISO 8124-3 the amounts permissible limits of heavy metals 
soluble ions shall be of toxic metals e.g. lead, chromium, mercury, etc., in the inks, shall not exceed the limits 
as laid down in table 1 below; 
Table 1; Limits of heavy metals the i nk 
SL 
No. Characteristic  Requirement  Method of test  
(i)  Lead, ppm max  20 Annex D  
(ii)  Chromium, ppm max  2 Annex F  DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
2 © EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  
 (iii)  Mercury. ppm max  2 Annex  E 
NOTE  The total amounts of heavy metals should not exceed 20 ppm.  
 
The waxed paper manufacturer shall ensure that the inks do not bleed. 
The waxed paper shall also comply with the requirements given in Table 2 when tested according to the test 
methods referred therein: 
TABLE 1 Requirements for waxed paper for bread wrap 
SL 
No. Characteristic  Requirement  Method of test  
(i) Grammage , g/m2, minimum  45 ISO 536  
(ii) Wax coating content, per cent 
by mass, minimum  15 Annex A  
(iii) Bursting strength, kPa, 
minimum  70 ISO 2758  
(iv) Wax sealing strength at 23  
2 ºC, g/cm, minimum  70 Annex C 
4 Packaging 
4.1 The waxed paper shall be reeled securely and suitably on hard rigid and smooth core, made of paper, 
cardboard or any other suitable material.  The core shall have 76  1 mm inner diameter.  The core weight 
shall not exceed 2.5 per cent of the weight of the reel. 
4.2 The reeled waxed paper shall be wrapped in suitable grease resistant material which shall completely 
enclose the reel. 
5 Labelling 
Each package shall be marked with the following information: 
a) The name and address of the manufacturer or his registered trade mark; 
b) The total mass of the waxed paper (kg); 
c) Date of manufacture (month and year); 
d) Type of wrapping material. 
6 Sampling 
For ascertaining the conformity of waxed paper for bread wrap, to requirements of this standard, 
representative samples shall be taken from the market or elsewhere at random, ensuring the procedures of 
random selection. DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
© EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  3 
 Annex A 
(normative) 
 
Determination of melting point of wax 
A.1 Apparatus 
A.1.1 Thermometer  — Of a suitable type, with an accuracy of 0.1 ° C. 
A.1.2 Test Tube  — With a centrally bored cork for the insertion of the thermometer.  The cork shall have a 
slit so as to permit circulation of air. 
A.1.3 Water Bath  — Of a suitable type, with a thermometer. 
A.2 Procedure 
Melt the sample of wax by warming it in a water bath at a temperature just sufficient to melt it.  Dip the 
thermometer and withdraw so as to get the bulb thinly coated with the wax.  Let it cool.  Insert this 
thermometer into the test tube in the water bath.  Raise the temperature gradually, at the rate of 1 °C, in three 
minutes.  Note the temperature, accurately to 0.1 °C, at which a transparent drop forms on the end of 
thermometer bulb.  Record this temperature as the melting point of the wax.  Perform at least five tests. 
Expression of Results  
Express the results as minimum, maximum and the average melting point temperatures of the wax. DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
4 © EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  
 Annex B 
(normative) 
 
Determination of wax content 
B.1 Apparatus 
Soxhlet Extractor 
B.2 Reagents 
B.2.1 Carbon Tetrachloride 
B.2.2 Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide Solution (about 0.5 M) 
B.2.3 Petroleum Ether 
B.3 Procedure 
Weigh accurately about 3 g of the waxed paper, cut it into strips and fold into numerous small crosswise folds.  
Extract the strips in a Soxhlet extractor with carbon tetrachloride for 4 hours or until the wax is all removed. 
Evaporate the extract on a water bath to dryness and add 25 mL of alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution 
and again evaporate to dryness.  Cool the residue and take it up with petroleum ether and water and transfer 
to separatory funnel.  (The volume of petroleum ether in the funnel should be about 25 mL.  The water should 
contain a small amount of sodium chloride to prevent emulsification.)  Shake the contents of the funnel 
thoroughly and then allow the two layers to separate completely.  Draw off the water layer into a second 
separatory funnel. 
Re-extract the water layer one or more times, as may be found necessary, with a fresh 25 mL portion of the 
petroleum ether and wash with fresh 100 mL portions of water until the separated liquid is perfectly clear.  An 
addition of a strong solution of salt may be found necessary.  Transfer the petroleum ether extract to a 
weighed evaporating dish or flask and evaporate to dryness.  Dry at 103  2 °C for one hour, cool and weigh. 
B.4 Calculation 
Calculate the wax content as follows: 
Wax, per cent by mass  = 
01100
mm  
where, 
m1 = mass in g of the wax in the specimen, and   
m0 = mass in g of the waxed paper taken for the test. DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
© EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  5 
 Annex C 
(normative) 
 
Determination of wax sealing strength of waxed paper 
C.1 Principle 
This method involves pealing off, under increasing mass, two waxed papers sealed together, so as to 
determine the wax bonding resistance to separation or sealing strength. 
C.2 Applicability 
This method applies to any type of papers meant for heat sealing by waxing or using any adhesive to attain 
permanent bonding. 
C.3 Apparatus 
C.3.1 A pendulum-type tensile tester. 
C.3.2 Spring balance with a clip for holding the sample. 
C.3.3 A suitable electric flat sealer with mechanism for controlling the plate temperature range between 120 
°C and 150 °C. 
C.3.4 Any suitable trimming template. 
C.3.5 A flat, smooth support, preferably a glass material. 
C.4 Calibration of apparatus 
Calibrate the testing equipments as in C3 before use, using standard calibration methods to an accuracy of 1 
per cent. 
C.5 Preparation of test specimens 
Cut out about ten test samples measuring 300 mm x 300 mm from different reels or sheets chosen at random.  
Condition the samples according  to the method described in KS 03-03: 1976, C3 ‘Conditioning Atmosphere’.  
C.6 Procedure 
C.6.1 Using a hot sealer of about 130 °C, seal two samples together on a flat surface by gently pressing the 
hot sealer on the samples once.  Let it cool down on a cold surface e.g. cold bath or metal for about 5 
minutes. 
Then, from each of the sealed samples, cut out two strips measuring 15 mm x 200 mm from each direction of 
the sample, using the cutting template and do the tests under standard atmospheric condition. DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
6 © EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  
 Separate the strips at one end, about 1 cm from the end, such that one tongue is fixed on the stamp of the 
spring balance and the other tongue fixed on the clamp of the pulling level of the tensile tester. 
Switch on the machine and wait until there is no further change on the scale of the balance spring, and note 
the reading, in grams.  Carry out at least five similar tests on different strips. 
C.6.2 Results — Calculate the average and this gives the sealing strength at 23 ± 2 °C, in g/cm. DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
© EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  7 
 Annex D 
(normative) 
 
Test for lead (Using AAS) 
D.1 Principle of the method  
The sample is passed through wet digestion using pressure decomposition. The amount of lead is then 
determined using AAS. 
D.2 Reagents  
The reagents used shall be of analytical reagent grade. Water shall be distilled or de-ionised. 
D.3 Procedure 
D.3.1  Weigh accurately 0.4 g of sample and put this into a 50  mL decomposition pressure tube. Add 7.0 mL 
of concentrated nitric acid. Add 2.0 mL of water. Close the pressure vessel, and apply between 15 Nm- 20 Nm 
of pressure. Digest for about 2 h. Transfer to a 20 mL volumetric flask and make to the mark. 
D.3.2  Prepare the standard solutions for lead. Aspirate into the flame each of the standard solutions in 
ascending order of concentration. Take the absorbance reading for each concentration using the AAS. Plot a 
calibration graph of the concentration of lead in the standard solutions against the corresponding values of 
absorbances. 
E.3.3  Aspirate into the flame the sample solution. Take the absorbance reading from the AAS  and give it a 
value X. From the graph, use the value of absorbance X to read the corresponding value of concentration. Let 
this value of concentration be C. 
D.4 Calculation 
Amount of lead = 
MDC  
where  
C is the concentration of the sample solution; 
M is the mass of the sample in grams ; and  
D is the Dilution factor. 
 
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
8 © EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  
 Annex E 
(normative) 
 
Test for mercury (Using AAS) 
E.1 Outline of the method  
The sample is passed through wet digestion using pressure decomposition. The sample is further prepared 
using vapour generation method. The amount of mercury is then determined using AAS. 
E.2 Reagents 
The reagents used shall be of analytical reagent grade. Water shall be distilled or de-ionised. 
E.3 Procedure 
E.3.1  Weigh accurately 0.4 g of sample and put this into a 50 mL decomposition pressure tube. Add 7.0 mL 
of concentrated nitric acid. Add 2.0 mL of water. Close the pressure vessel, and apply between 15 Nm - 20 
Nm of pressure. Digest for about 2 h. Transfer to a 20 mL volumetric flask and make to the mark. Further 
prepare the sample using the Vapour Generation Method. 
E.3.2  Prepare the standard solutions for mercury. Aspirate into the flame each of the standard solutions in 
ascending order of concentration. Take the absorbance reading for each concentration using the AAS . Plot a 
calibration graph of the concentration of mercury in the standard solutions and the corresponding values of 
absorbanes. 
E.3.3 Aspirate into the flame the sample solution. Take the absorbance reading from the AAS  and give it a 
value X. From the graph, use the value of absorbance X to read the corresponding value of concentration. Let 
this value of concentration be C. 
E.4 Calculation 
Amount of mercury = 
MDC  
where  
C is the concentration of the sample solution; 
M is the mass, in grams, of the sample; and 
D is the Dilution factor. 
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDEAS 867:2015 
© EAC 2014  – All rights reserved  9 
 Annex F 
(normative) 
 
Test for Chromium (Using AAS) 
 
 
 
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARDDRAFT UGANDA STANDARD 
© EAC 2014 – All rights reserved