OFCOM 
Rue de l’Avenir 44 
Case postale 
CH-2501 Biel-Bienne 
www.ofcom.admin.ch 
  
 Federal Department of Environment,  
Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC 
Federal Office of Communications OFCOM 
Equipment and International Frequency Management Division  
Market acces and Conformity 
  
NT-3004 V0.9.0 
 
Technical Standard 
concerning  
Radar intended for landslide and debris flow 
monitoring, avalanche detection, other similar 
safety-related applications and radar intended to 
detect bird migration. 
 
 
Titre en français:  Norme technique concernant les radars destinés à la surveillance des 
glissements de terrains et des coulées de débris, à la détection 
d’avalanches et à d'autres applications de sécurité similaires, ainsi qu’ à la 
détection des oiseaux migrateurs.  
Titel auf Deutsch: Technische Norm betreffend die Radare für die Ortung von Landru tsch- 
und Geröllbewegungen, die Lawinenortung und gleichartige 
Sicherheitsanwendungen sowie die Radare für die Ortung von 
Vogelmigrationen.  
Titolo in italiano:  Norma tecnica relativa ai radar destinati al monitoraggio dei movimenti di 
terreno e di detriti, al rilevamento di valanghe e ad applicazioni  di 
sicurezza analoghe, come pure al rilevamento radar degli uccelli 
migratori.  
Edition: V0.9.0 Draft 
Entry into force: 01.01.2015 
  
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Contents  
5.1.1  Definitions ....................................... ................................................... ................................................... ..... 5 
5.1.2  Symbols ........................................... ................................................... ................................................... ..... 6 
5.1.3  Abbreviation ...................................... ................................................... ................................................... ... 7 
6.2.1  Arrangements for test signals ....................... ................................................... .......................................... 8  
6.2.2  Exclusion bands .................................... ................................................... ...................................................  8 
6.2.3  Normal test modulation ............................. ................................................... ............................................. 8  
6.2.4  Performance assessment ................................ ................................................... ........................................ 8  
6.2.5  Performance criteria............................... ................................................... ................................................. 9  
6.3.1  Standard operating mode of the radar equipment .... ................................................... ........................... 10  
6.3.2  Normal test conditions ............................. ................................................... ............................................. 10  
6.3.3  Extreme test conditions ............................ ................................................... ............................................. 11  
6.3.4  Interpretation of the measurement results ........... ................................................... ................................ 11  
7.1.1  Emission............................................. ................................................... ................................................... . 12  
7.1.2  Immunity .......................................... ................................................... ................................................... .. 12  
7.2.1  Operating frequency................................ ................................................... .............................................. 13  
7.2.2  Transmitter pulse power ............................. ................................................... .......................................... 13  
7.2.3  Transmitter peak envelope power .................... ................................................... ..................................... 14  
7.2.4  -40 dB bandwidth (B -40 ) ................................................. ................................................... ...................... 14  
7.2.5  Radiated out of band emissions ....................... ................................................... ..................................... 15  
7.2.6  Radiated spurious emissions ............................ ................................................... ..................................... 16  
7.2.7  Cabinet spurious radiation .......................... ................................................... .......................................... 17  
7.2.8  Antenna gain ...................................... ................................................... ...................................................  18  
8.1.1  EMC Emissions test ..................................... ................................................... ........................................... 19  
8.1.2  EMC Immunity test ................................... ................................................... ............................................. 19  
8.1.3  Operating frequency................................ ................................................... .............................................. 19  
8.1.4  Transmitter pulse power ............................. ................................................... .......................................... 19  
8.1.5  Peak envelope power ............................... ................................................... ............................................. 20  
8.1.6  -40 dB bandwidth ..................................... ................................................... ............................................. 21  
8.1.7  Radiated out of band emissions ....................... ................................................... ..................................... 21  
8.1.8  Radiated spurious emissions ............................ ................................................... ..................................... 21  
8.1.9  Cabinet spurious radiation .......................... ................................................... .......................................... 22  
8.1.10  Antenna gain ...................................... ................................................... ............................................... 22  
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FOREWORD / INTRODUCTION / EINFÜHRUNG / INTRODUZIONE 
This technical standard is applicable to radar intended for landslide monitoring, aval anche 
detection, debris flow and other similar safety-related applications, as well as for radar intended 
for bird migration. It specifies the essential requirements for ef fective use of the spectrum 
according to Article 7 paragraph 3 TIO (Ordinance of 14 June 2002 on Telecommunic ations 
Installations [i.1]). Products manufactured in compliance with the req uirements of this technical 
standard benefit from a presumption of conformity with the correspondin g essential requirements. 
This standard is published in the Official Federal Gazette as designated tec hnical standard in 
accordance with Article 31 paragraph 2 letter a TCA (Telecommunications Act of 30 April 1997 
[i.2]) and Article 4 paragraph 2 TIO [i.1].  
La présente norme technique s’applique aux radars destinés à la surveillance des  glissements de 
terrains et des coulées de débris, à la détection d’avalanches et à d'autres applications de 
sécurité similaires, ainsi qu’à la détection des oiseaux migrateurs. Ell e concrétise l’exigence 
essentielle d’utilisation efficace du spectre inscrite à l’art. 7, al . 3, OIT (Ordonnance sur les 
installations de télécommunication du 14 juin 2002 [i.1]). Son respect permet de présumer que 
cette exigence essentielle est remplie. Elle est publiée dans la Feuille fédér ale comme norme 
désignée en application des art. 31, al. 2, let. a, LTC (Loi sur les télécomm unications du 30 avril 
1997 [i.2]) et art. 4, al. 2, OIT ([i.1]). Le reste du présent documen t est en langue anglaise. 
Diese technische Norm ist anwendbar auf Radare für die Ortung von Landrutsch- und  
Geröllbewegungen, die Lawinenortung und gleichartige Sicherheitsanwendungen sowie auf die 
Radare zur Ortung von Vogelmigrationen. Sie legt die grundlegenden Anforderun gen bezüglich 
effizienter Nutzung des Spektrums in Übereinstimmung mit Artikel 7  Absatz 3 der Verordnung 
über Fernmeldeanlagen vom 14. Juni 2002 (FAV) [i.1] fest. Wird diese technisc he Norm 
eingehalten, so wird vermutet, dass die grundlegenden Anforderungen erfüllt si nd. Diese Norm ist 
im Bundesblatt als bezeichnete Norm in Übereinstimmung mit Artikel 31 Abs atz 2 Buchstabe a 
des Fernmeldegesetzes vom 30. April 1997 (FMG [i.2]) und Artikel 4 Abs atz 2 FAV [i.1] publiziert. 
Der Rest dieses Dokumentes ist in englischer Sprache verfasst. 
Questa norma tecnica concretizza, per i radar destinati al monitoraggio dei  movimenti di terreno e 
di detriti, al rilevamento di valanghe e ad applicazioni di sicurezza analoghe, co me pure al 
rilevamento radar degli uccelli migratori, le esigenze fondamentali per l’uso efficace dello spettro 
ai sensi dell'articolo 7 capoverso 3 dell'ordinanza sugli impianti di telecomunic azione del 14 
giugno 2002 (OIT) [i.1]. Dal rispetto di questa norma tecnica si presume che siano adempite le 
esigenze fondamentali. Essa è pubblicata nel Foglio federale come norma tecnica  designata ai 
sensi dell'articolo 31 capoverso 2 lettera a della legge del 30 aprile 1997 sull e telecomunicazioni 
(LTC) [i.2]  e dell'articolo 4 capoverso 2 dell'OIT [i.1]. 
Il resto del documento è scritto in lingua inglese. 
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1 Scope 
 
The present document specifies the technical characteristics, test me thods, limits and the 
requirements for radar intended for landslide monitoring, avalanche detection, debri s flow and 
other similar safety-related applications in the frequency range 10.000 to 10. 050 GHz and bird 
migration detection radar in the frequency range 9300 to 9500 MHz.  
Note: The requirements for spectrum use are defined in the relevant technic al interface 
regulations (RIR). 
 
 
2 Normative references 
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. 
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or editi on number or version 
number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific 
references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendment s) applies. 
 
[1] Recommendation ITU-R M.1177 “Techniques for measurement of unwanted emissi ons of 
radar systems” 
[2] Recommendation  ITU-R  SM.1541 “Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domai n” 
[3] ETSI EN 301 489-1 "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum  Matters (ERM); 
Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: 
Common technical requirements". 
[4] ETSI EN 300 440-1 “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectr um Matters (ERM); 
Short range devices; Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz f requency 
range; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods” 
[5] ETSI EN 301 126-3-1 “Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Par t 3-1: Point-to-
Point antennas; Definitions, general requirements and test procedures” 
[6] CISPR 16: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and 
methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". 
[7] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts): "Electro Magnetic Compatibility and Radi o Spectrum Matters 
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment charact eristics". 
3 Legal References 
The following referenced documents are legal documents. 
[i.1]  SR 784.101.2 ; Ordinance of 14 June 2002 on Telecommunications Installati ons (TIO) 
 
[i.2]  SR 784.10 ; Telecommunications Act of 30 April 1997 (TCA) 
 
4 Informative references 
[i.3]  Radio Regulations; Edition of 2012 NT-300x 
 
 
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[i.4]  Recommendation ITU-R SM.329  “Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain” 
 
 
5 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 
5.1.1 Definitions 
 
  
-40 dB bandwidth  The occupied bandwidth of the power envelope of an emission 
which is delimited by the highest and lowest -40dBpp point 
referenced to the maximum PEP. 
Adjacent channel 
mean power Power integrated over the bandwidth of a channel adjacent to an 
occupied channel using measurements of the PSD or an 
equivalent method. 
 
OoB  boundary  
 Frequency where the OoB domain emission range ends and the 
spurious emissions range starts. Each wanted emission is 
associated with an lower and an upper OoB boundary. The two 
frequencies are defined by the points where the value of the OoB 
limit mask falls to the spurious emissions limit levels.  
OoB  domain  (of an emission): the frequency range, immediately outside the  
-40 dB bandwidth but excluding the spurious domain, in which 
OoB (out-of-band) emissions generally predominate. 
OoB  domain 
emissions Any emission in the OoB domain.  
Mean power  Depending on the context mean power is either the average 
power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter 
during an interval of time sufficiently long compared to the lowest  
modulation frequency encountered under normal operating 
conditions or  
the power integrated over a specified frequency band using PSD 
or an equivalent measurement method. 
 
Necessary bandwidth  For a given  class of emission , the width of the frequency band 
which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of informati on at 
the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions. 
Occupied bandwidth  The width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and 
above the upper frequency limits, the mean power emitted are 
each equal to a specified percentage  β/2 of the total mean power 
of a given emission .  
Unless otherwise specified in an ITU-R Recommendation for the 
appropriate class of emission , the value of β/2 should be taken as 
0.5%. 
Power spectrum 
density  Power spectrum density (PSD) is the mean power per reference 
bandwidth. NT-300x 
 
 
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Peak envelope power 
(of a radio 
transmitter):   The average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a 
transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the 
modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions. 
Peak power  Power measured with the peak detector using a filter the width 
and shape of which is sufficient to accept the signal bandwidth.  
Reference bandwidth  The bandwidth required for uniquely defining the OoB domain 
emission limits. If not explicitly given with the OoB domain 
emission limit, the reference bandwidth should be selected in line 
with Recommendation ITU-R M.1177 [1].  
Spurious emissions  Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the 
necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced 
without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. 
Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions , parasitic 
emissions , intermodulation products and frequency conversion 
products, but exclude out-of-band emissions . 
Unwanted emissions  Unwanted emissions are emissions in both the out-of-band 
domain  emissions and in the spurious emissions domain. 
  
  
Figure 1 : definition of the different parts of the emission’s spect rum 
5.1.2 Symbols 
B-40  -40 dB bandwidth 
Bm Measurement bandwidth 
Pm Transmission mean power 
PPEP Peak envelope power 
Pt Transmission pulse power 
t Time 
tp Transmission pulse duration 
tr Pulse rise time 
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5.1.3 Abbreviation  
 
 
AC Alternating Current 
CR Continuous phenomena applied to Receivers 
CSP Channel Spacing 
CT Continuous phenomena applied to Transmitters 
CW Carrier Wave 
dB Decibel 
dBpp Decibels relative to the maximum value of the peak po wer, measured with the reference 
bandwidth within the occupied bandwidth. The in-band peak power is expressed in the 
same reference bandwidth as the OoB peak power. Both the in-band and the unwanted 
emissions should be evaluated in terms of peak values. For radar systems, the 
reference bandwidth should be selected according to Recomme ndation ITU-R M.1177 
[1]. 
DC Direct Current 
e.i.r.p.p Within this standard e.i.r.p.p. is the max. al lowed e.i.r. peak power level measured with a 
bandwidth resolution of 10 MHz. 
EBL Electronic Bearing Line 
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility 
EUT Equipment Under Test 
FM Frequency Modulation 
FMCW Frequency Modulated Carrier Wave 
FTC Fast Time Constant 
HS Harmonized Standard 
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommuni cations 
LNA Low Noise Amplifier 
OATS Open Area Test Site 
OoB out of band 
PEP Peak Envelope Power 
PRT Pulse Repetition Time 
PSD Power Spectrum Density (Mean power per reference bandwi dth) 
RF Radio Frequency 
STC Sensitivity Time Control 
TR Transient phenomena applied to Receivers 
TT Transient phenomena applied to Transmitters 
VRM Variable Range Marker 
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave 
6 Test conditions 
6.1 General 
In relation to EMC testing the test conditions of EN 301 489-1 [3], c lause 4, shall apply as 
appropriate. Further product related test conditions for radar systems are specified in the present 
document. 
 
ITU.R M1177 [1] often refers to measurements performed after the ro tary joint. For Radar 
systems  that do not feature rotary joints these measurements are perform ed at the equivalent 
point which is coupling port of the antenna input.  NT-300x 
 
 
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6.2 Conditions for testing according the EMC requirements  
For emission and immunity tests, the normal test modulation, test arrang ements, etc. as specified 
in the present document, clauses 5.2.1 to 5.2.3, shall apply. During the test  the Equipment Under 
Test (EUT) shall be operated as intended. 
6.2.1 Arrangements for test signals 
The provisions of EN 301 489-1 [3], clause 4.2, shall apply. 
 
6.2.2 Exclusion bands 
For equipment operating at frequencies above 2.7 GHz and whose RF bandwidth does no t 
extend to a frequency below 2.7 GHz, there is no exclusion band since no immuni ty tests are 
required above 2.7 GHz. 
The frequencies on which the radar is intended to operate shall be excluded fr om conducted and 
radiated emission measurements when performed in transmit mode of operation.  
Note: This applies only to EMC requirements. 
The exclusion band is twice the intended operating frequency band centred on the cen tre 
frequency of the intended operating frequency band. 
There shall be no frequency exclusion band applied to emission measurements of as sociated 
ancillary equipment. 
6.2.3 Normal test modulation 
The manufacturer shall specify the normal test modulation, if any. 
 
6.2.4 Performance assessment 
6.2.4.1 General 
The provisions of EN 301 489-1 [3], clause 5.1 shall apply. 
The manufacturer shall at the time of submission of the equipment for  test, supply the necessary 
general information as requested in EN 301 489-1 [3] clause 5.1. Additional ly he shall supply the 
following product-related information. 
For the EUT the performance assessment is based on: 
• the maintenance of function(s); 
• the way the eventual loss of function(s) can be recovere d; 
• unintentional behaviour of the EUT. 
Additionally  
• the manufacturer shall specify the way the degradation i n performance should be measured and 
expressed. 
6.2.4.2 Equipment which can provide a continuous communications link 
The provisions of EN 301 489-1 [3], clause 5.2, shall apply. NT-300x 
 
 
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6.2.4.3 Equipment which does not provide a continuous communications link 
The provisions of EN 301 489-1 [3], clause 5.3, shall apply. 
 
6.2.4.4 Ancillary equipment 
The provisions of EN 301 489-1 [3], clause 5.4 shall apply. 
6.2.4.5 Equipment classification 
The provisions of EN 301 489-1 [3], clause 5.5 shall apply. 
 
6.2.5 Performance criteria 
6.2.5.1 General performance criteria 
The equipment shall meet the performance criteria as specified in the f ollowing clauses, for radar 
equipment.  
Radar equipment, may not operate fully during immunity tests, but should recover and operate 
normally after the tests. 
6.2.5.2 Performance table 
 
Radar equipment  
During test  After test  
May be loss of function (one or more)  
No unintentional responses Operate as intended 
Lost function(s) shall be self-recoverable 
No degradation of performance 
No loss of stored data or user programmable functions  
 
6.2.5.3 Performance criteria for Continuous phenomena applied to Rada r (CT) 
For radar system which continue to operating during the test, this shall be verified by appropriate 
means supplied by the manufacturer. 
The tests shall be repeated with the transmitter of the EUT not switched on (standby mode), to 
ensure that no unintentional transmission occurs.  
6.2.5.4 Performance criteria for Transient phenomena applied to Ra dar (TT) 
The same conditions as in the previous clause apply. 
6.2.5.5 Performance criteria for ancillary equipment tested on a  standalone basis 
The provisions of EN 301 489-1 [3], clause 6.4 shall apply. 
 
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6.3 Conditions for testing according the radio spectrum requirements 
 
Tests defined in the present document shall be performed at representative points  within the 
boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile. 
Where technical performance varies according to environmental conditions, tes ts shall be 
performed under a sufficient variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the 
declared operational environmental profile) to give confidence of compliance wit h the relevant 
technical requirements. 
6.3.1 Standard operating mode of the radar equipment 
Unless otherwise stated the radar equipment shall be set to the standard operating  mode. If more 
than one mode is possible, the mode with the worst-case impact on the require ments must be 
used.  
 
The test setup (range, antenna height etc. shall be noted in the test report ). 
 
The default parameters  such as the pulse length, the rise- and  fall times and the PRF of the 
EUT shall be noted in the test report. Measurement instructions on pulse timi ng parameters are 
defined in  ITU-R M.1177 [1] Appendix 3 to Annex 1. 
 
If any of the default values are changed in a particular test case this fact as well as the changed 
values shall be noted in the test report. 
6.3.2 Normal test conditions 
6.3.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity 
The temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be a combination of  temperature and 
humidity within the following ranges: 
a) temperature: +15 oC to +35 oC; or within the manufacturers stated operating range a nd 
stated in the report; 
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. 
If the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, this shall be stated in the test report. 
6.3.2.2 Normal test power supply 
6.3.2.2.1 AC test power supply  
The test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC supply shall be the nominal  mains 
voltage declared by the manufacturer -10 % to +10 %. For the purpose of the present document, 
the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage or any of the declared voltages for which the 
equipment has been designed. The frequency of the test voltage shall be 50 Hz ± 1 Hz. 
6.3.2.2.2 DC test power supply 
Where the equipment is designed to operate from a DC source, the normal  test voltage shall be 
the nominal voltage as declared by the manufacturer -10 % to +20 %. NT-300x 
 
 
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The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test 
results to be negligible. For the purpose of testing the power source volta ge shall be measured at 
the input terminals of the equipment. 
During testing, the power source voltages shall be maintained within a toleranc e of ±3 % relative 
to the voltage level at the beginning of each test. 
6.3.3 Extreme test conditions 
6.3.3.1 Extreme temperatures 
The manufacturer shall declare the temperature and humidity range at whic h the EUT is intended 
to operate.  
If the relative humidity is lower than 20 % during tests, this shall  be stated in the test report. 
6.3.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions 
The extreme power supply test voltages applied to the equipment shall be acc ording to the 
following table,  
 
Power supply  Voltage variation (%)  Frequency variation (%)  
AC ±10 ±5 
DC +20 
-10 Not applicable 
 
6.3.4 Interpretation of the measurement results 
For the measurements described in the present document, the interpretation of  the results shall 
be recorded in a test report as follows: 
• the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to determine whether an 
equipment meets the requirements of the present document; 
• the value of the measurement uncertainty for the measur ement of each parameter shall be 
included in the test report; 
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or 
lower than the figures in the following table. 
According to the present document, the measurement uncertainty figures for t he test methods 
should be calculated and shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k =  1.96 or k 
= 2 (which provide confidence levels of 95 % and 95.45 %, respectively, in the case where the 
distributions characterizing the actual measurement uncertainties are normal ( Gaussian)). 
Principles for the calculation of measurement uncertainty are contained in T R 100 028 [7], in 
particular in annex D of TR 100 028-2 [7]. The following table is based on such expansion 
factors.. 
Parameter  Max imum uncertainty  
RF frequency 1 x 10 -7 
RF pulse power 1,5 dB 
Radiated emission of transmitter 6 dB 
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7 Requirements 
7.1 Requirements related to EMC 
7.1.1 Emission 
7.1.1.1 General 
 
EN 301 489-1 [3], table 1 contains the applicability of EMC emission meas urements to the 
relevant ports of radar and/or associated ancillary equipment.  
Note: The radiated spurious emissions requirements of the radar equipment itself are specified in 
the radio part of this standard.  
 
7.1.1.2 Limits  
The applicable limits are defined in  EN 301 489-1 [3] clause 8. 
7.1.1.3 Special conditions 
No special conditions applicable. 
7.1.1.4 Conformance 
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.1 shall be carried out. 
 
7.1.2 Immunity 
7.1.2.1 General 
EN 301 489-1 [3], table 2 contains the applicability of EMC immunity m easurements to the 
relevant ports of the Radars equipment and/or associated ancillary equipment. 
 
7.1.2.2 Limits  
The applicable limits are defined in  EN 301 489-1 [3] clause 9. 
 
7.1.2.3 Special conditions 
No special conditions applicable. 
7.1.2.4 Conformance 
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.2 shall be carried out. 
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7.2 Requirements related to radio spectrum matters  
 
7.2.1 Operating frequency 
7.2.1.1 Definition 
The transmitter produces short microwave pulses, which generates a broad f requency spectrum, 
depending on the pulse duration and the pulse repetition frequency. The operating fre quency is to 
be understood as the frequency of the microwave during the transmitting pul se and is 
represented by the spectral line of highest amplitude. 
 
7.2.1.2 Limits 
 
7.2.1.2.1 Radar equipment operating in the frequency range 9300-9500 MH z 
 
The operating frequency of the radar equipment shall be within ±30 MHz of the nominal 
frequency specified in the relevant technical interface regulations for all  switchable distance 
ranges and pulse durations.  
7.2.1.3 Conformance 
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.3 shall be carried out.  
 
7.2.2 Transmitter pulse power 
7.2.2.1.1 Definition 
 
This requirement applies to radar equipment with pulsed transmitter power.  
  
Transmitter pulse power P t is to be understood as the mean value of the microwave power during 
the transmission pulse at the antenna side of the radar output . For the arithmet ic mean value of 
the transmitter power, integrated over the PRT, the abbreviation P m is used. 
 
7.2.2.1.2 Limit 
 
The transmitter pulse power P t shall be within a tolerance of +1.5 dB to -3 dB of the value 
specified by the manufacturer. 
Note: The maximum permited pulse power is defined in the relevant technical interface 
regulations (RIR). NT-300x 
 
 
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7.2.2.1.3 Conformance 
 
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.4 shall be carried out. 
 
7.2.3 Transmitter peak envelope power  
7.2.3.1.1 Definition 
 
Transmitter power P PEP  is to be understood as the peak value of the microwave power during 
transmission at the antenna side of the radar output .  
 
7.2.3.1.2 Limit 
The transmitter pulse power P PEP  shall be within a tolerance of +1.5 dB to -3 dB of the value 
specified by the manufacturer. 
Note: For non-pulsed equipment the maximum permitted PEP power is defined i n the relevant 
technical interface regulations (RIR). 
 
7.2.3.1.3 Conformance  
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.5 shall be carried out. 
 
7.2.4 -40 dB bandwidth (B -40 ) 
7.2.4.1 Definition 
 
The width of a frequency band such that beyond its lower and upper limits any di screte spectrum 
component or continuous spectral power density is at least 40 dB lower than at the  0 dB 
reference level which is equal to the maximum PEP level. 
The value of the -40 dB bandwidth is calculated from a given formula. 
7.2.4.2 Limit 
7.2.4.2.1 Radar equipment operating in the frequency range 9300-9500 MH z 
 
The transmitter pulse length shall be greater than 50 ns. 
The PRF shall not exceed 3300 Hz 
 
The -40 dB bandwidth (B -40 ) of the emission shall be fully contained within the frequency range 
9300-9500 MHz. 
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7.2.4.2.2 Radar equipment operating in the frequency range 10.000-10. 050 GHz 
 
The maximum permitted -40 dB bandwidth (B -40 ) is dependent on the chosen theoretical centre 
frequency of the emission and shall not exceed the values listed in the table bel ow . The 40 dB 
bandwidth (B -40 ) shall be fully contained in the allocated frequency band.  
 
Allocated frequency band  Theoretical centre frequency  Maximum -40 dB bandw idth  
10.000 - 10.040 GHz  10.0200 GHz  40 MHz  
10.000 - 10.045 GHz  10.0225 GHz  45 MHz  
10.000 - 10.050 GHz  10.0250 GHz   50 MHz  
 
 
7.2.4.1 Conformance 
 
The conformance procedure as defined in clause 7.1.6 shall be carried out. 
 
 
 
7.2.5 Radiated out of band emissions 
7.2.5.1 Definition 
 
For emissions below the operating frequency: 
The OoB mask starts at the -40 dBpp point of the main emission’s PEP and falls with a gradient 
of 30 dB/Decade away from the main emission until it reaches the spurious emi ssions limit. This 
point is called the out-of-band boundary. Emissions in the domain between the -40 dBpp  point 
and the associated out-of-band-boundary are considered to be out-of-band emissions (see  figure 
1). 
For emissions above the operating frequency: 
The OoB mask starts at the -40 dBpp point of the main emissions PEP and  falls with a gradient of  
30 dB/Decade away from the main emission until a frequency of 10 GHz, for  radar equipment 
operating in the frequency range 9300-9500 MHz, or 10.150 GHz, for radar eq uipments operating 
in the frequency range 10.000-10.050 GHz, where the out-of-band boundary is set  in order to 
protect existing services. Emissions in the domain between the -40 dBpp point and the 
associated out-of-band-boundary are considered to be out-of-band emissions (see fi gure 1). 
 
7.2.5.2 Limit 
7.2.5.2.1 Radar equipment operating in the frequency range 9300-9500 MH z 
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Within the out of band domain specified in clause 6.2.5.1 the limit decreases w ith a gradient of 30 
dB/decade with the boundary defined by the point where the limit is equal to the r adiated spurious 
emissions limits defined in clause 6.2.6.2. 
The maximum radiated out of band-emission power level shall not exceed the limi ts determined  
by the 30dB/decade slope. 
 
 
7.2.5.2.2 Radar equipments operating in the frequency range 10.000-10 .050 GHz 
 
Within the out of band domain specified in clause 6.2.5.1 the limit decreases with a gradient of  
30 dB/decade with the boundary defined by the point where the limit is equal to the radiated 
spurious emissions limits defined in clause 6.2.6.2. 
 
The maximum radiated out of band-emission power level shall not exceed the limit s determined 
by the 30dB/decade slope.  
7.2.5.3 Conformance 
 
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.7 shall be carried out. 
 
7.2.6 Radiated spurious emissions 
7.2.6.1 Definition 
Spurious emissions are defined as the entirety of unwanted emissions outside t he OoB-
boundaries. 
They include: 
• harmonic emissions (integer multiples of the operating fre quency); 
• parasitic emissions (independent, accidentally); 
• intermodulation (between oscillator- and operation fr equency or between oscillator and harmonics); 
• emissions caused by frequency conversions. 
7.2.6.2 Limits 
 
Note: Limits given in e.i.r.p.p. should to be measured with a bandwidth of 1 0 MHz. 
7.2.6.2.1 Radar equipment operating in the frequency range 9300-9500 MH z 
 
Any radiated spurious emission levels shall respect the limits defined in the following table. 
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 1000375414 17/25  
Lower measurement band  Upper measurement band  
4.500 GHz to lower OoB-boundary Upper OoB-boundary to 10.000  GHz 10.000 GHz to 26.000 GHz 
All radiated spurious emission levels shall be at lea st 100 dB below the 
PEP level of the radiated operating frequency without t he need to be lower 
than  
-30 dBm e.i.r.p., measured with a bandwidth according ITU-R  
M.1177 [1] clause 3. Any spurious emission level in 
the main beam direction of the 
antenna should be less than: 
-10 dBm e.i.r.p.p. + antenna gain 
in dBi (note1) 
Any spurious emission level in 
the horizontal plane should be 
below -25 dBm e.i.r.p.p. (note 2) 
Any other spurious emission 
level should be at least 100 dB 
below the PEP level of the 
radiated operating frequency 
without the need to be lower 
than  
-30 dBm e.i.r.p., measured with 
a bandwidth according ITU-R  
M.1177 [1] clause 3.  
 
Note 1: E.g. the limit for spurious emissions with an antenna gain of 20 dBi is 10 dBm e.i.r.p.p  
Note 2: The wanted emission of bird migration radar is directed at an elevat ion of 90°. Emissions 
in the horizontal plane must be limited in order to protect other services. 
 
7.2.6.2.2 Radar equipment operating in the frequency range 10.000-10. 050 GHz 
 
Any radiated spurious emission level shall respect the limits defined the fol lowing table. 
 
Lower measurement band  Upper measurement band  
4.500 GHz to lower OoB-boundary Upper OoB-boundary to 10.150  GHz 10.150 GHz to 26.000 GHz 
All radiated spurious emission levels shall be 100 dB b elow the PEP level 
of the radiated operating frequency without the need to  be lower  
than -30dBm e.i.r.p., measured with a bandwidth according ITU-R  
M.1177 clause 3 max. -22 dBm e.i.r.p.p.  
 
 
7.2.6.3 Conformance 
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.8 shall be carried out. 
 
 
7.2.7 Cabinet spurious radiation 
 
7.2.7.1 Definition 
 
Cabinet spurious radiation refers to unwanted emissions in the spurious domain ( spurious 
emissions) which are radiated by the cabinet and equipment structures. Thi s requirement does NT-300x 
 
 
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not apply to frequencies  in the range of 4.500 GHz – 26.000 GHz, whic h are covered by previous 
clauses.  
 
7.2.7.2 Limits 
The power of any cabinet spurious emission shall not exceed the values given in the following 
table. 
 
Frequency 
ranges 47 MHz to 74 MHz  
87.5 MHz to 108 MHz 
174 MHz to 230 MHz 
470 MHz to 862 MHz Other frequencies 
25MHz ≤ 1 000 MHz Frequencies  
> 1 000 MHz 
State 
Measurement 
BW 100kHz/120kHz  100kHz/120kHz  1MHz  
Operating 4 nW 250 nW 1 µW 
Standby 2 nW 2 nW 20 nW 
 
7.2.7.3 Conformance 
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.9  shall be carried out. 
 
7.2.8 Antenna gain 
7.2.8.1 Definition 
 
The antenna gain requirements define the isotropic gain of the antenna assem bly in the main 
propagation direction.  
 
7.2.8.2 Limits 
The measured antenna gain shall be within +1dB/-3dB of the antenna gain stated by the 
manufacturer  
 
7.2.8.3 Conformance 
Conformance tests as defined in clause 7.1.10  shall be carried out. 
8 Testing compliance with the technical requirements 
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8.1 Essential radio test suites  
 
Essential test suites are referred to in annex III of the TIO [8].  
The following essential test suites shall be used to assess the performance o f equipment.   
8.1.1 EMC Emissions test 
The test methods are defined in  EN 301 489-1 [3] clause 8. 
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits in clause 6.1.1.2 in order to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
 
8.1.2 EMC Immunity test 
The test methods are defined in  EN 301 489-1 [3] clause 9. 
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits in clause 6.1.2.2 in or der to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
 
8.1.3 Operating frequency  
The antenna shall be replaced by a suitable adapter to adapt the radar’s output to a waveg uide 
with a plane flange.  This adapter shall be provided by the radar manufacturer. O n that flange a 
high-power directional coupler shall be mounted with its main port terminated by a matching high-
power dummy load. The coupled port shall have adequate attenuation within the whole freq uency 
band 8900 MHz to 9900 MHz to protect the measurement equipment. 
A suitable spectrum analyser must be used to measure and display the transm itted signal. The 
highest amplitude spectral line is considered to be the operating frequency. 
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits in clause 6.2.1.2 in o rder to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
8.1.4 Transmitter pulse power  
The antenna shall be replaced by a suitable adapter to adapt the radar’s output to a waveg uide 
with a plane flange. This adapter shall be provided by the radar manufacturer. On that flange a 
high-power directional coupler shall be mounted with its main port terminated by a matching high-
power dummy load. The coupled port shall have a known attenuation of about 40 dB within a 
minimum frequency band beginning at the lower OoB boundary and ending at the upper O oB 
boundary.   
To determine the pulse power, the use of both, a mean power meter or a suit able pulse power 
meter with direct reading of the transmitter pulse power is permitted.  In case of measurement 
with a mean power meter the transmission pulse duration t p and the pulse repetition time PRT 
have to be determined in a preceding step i.e. by use of a detector and an oscill oscope. Then the 
transmitter pulse power P t is calculated as follows: 
 Pt = P m × PRT/t p 
 
Alternatively a spectrum analyser may be used. The settings of the spectrum  analszer shall be as 
follows: 
Frequency span = 0 Hz NT-300x 
 
 
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Measurement bandwidth ≥ B -40 
Detector= RMS  
Trigger= Video 
Sweep time: 2x pulse length 
The spectrum analyser should be set up in order to aqcuire the pulse with t he highest power and 
then the time-domain measurement function is used to determine the mean power w ithin the 
pulse.  
   
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits in clause 6.2.2.1.2 in order to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
 
8.1.5 Peak envelope power 
The antenna shall be replaced by a suitable adapter to adapt the radar’s output to a waveg uide 
with a plane flange. This adapter shall be provided by the radar manufacturer. On that flange a 
high-power directional coupler shall be mounted with its main port terminated by  a matching high-
power dummy load. The coupled port shall have a known attenuation of about 40 dB within a 
minimum frequency band beginning at the lower OoB boundary and ending at the upper O oB 
boundary. 
 
The peak envelope power shall be measured with a spectrum analyser using the fol lowing 
settings: 
Span ≥ B -40  
Measurement bandwidth = B m (according ITU-R M.1177 [1] clause 3) 
Video bandwidth ≥ B m 
Detector= positive peak  
Trace= max hold  
Sweep time: long enough to capture all emissions 
 
A marker shall be set to the maximum of the measured emission. The mar ker readout is P meas . 
 
Recommendation ITU-R M.1177 [1] clause 3 specifies the correction factors added t o P meas  due 
to the peak envelope power bandwidth B pep  and the measurement bandwidth B m.  
This correction factor has to be added to the measured peak power P meas  in order to obtain the 
PEP. 
 
The obtained PEP value shall be compared to the limits in clause 6.2.3.1.2 i n order to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
 
Note: The obtained PEP value in this clause presents the conducted value before t he antenna. 
The PEP value used as a reference for the radiated unwanted emissions value is t he one 
radiated from the antenna. 
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8.1.6 -40 dB bandwidth  
 
The -40 dB bandwidth ( B−40 )  shall be calculated according to Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541 
[2] Annex 8 clause 3.1  
The calculation of B−40 shall be compared to the limits given in clause 6.2.4.2 and documented in 
the test report.  
 
8.1.7 Radiated out of band emissions  
 
To perform the measurement, the radar and the measuring equipment shall be instal led as 
described in Recommendation ITU-R M.1177 [1]. Then the radar equipment shall be  set to the 
shortest range (shortest pulse duration). The measurement bandwidth B m shall be chosen 
according to ITU-R M.1177 [1] clause 3 and documented in the test report.  If a correction factor 
due  to the selected bandwidth must be applied it should also be documented in the test r eport. 
Measures described in Recommendation ITU-R M.1177 [1] shall be taken to ensure that 
interference caused by multiple reflections does not occur. 
The power of the radiated out of band emissions within the frequency bands spec ified in the 
following table shall be measured according to Recommendation ITU-R M.1177 [ 1]. 
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits in clause 6.2.5.2 in o rder to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
 
Lower measurement band  Upper measurement band  
Lower OoB boundary to lower -
40dBpp band edge Radar equipment 
operating in the 
frequency range 
9300-9500 MHz Radar equipment 
operating in the 
frequency range 
10.000-10.040 
GHz 
upper -40dBpp 
band edge to 
upper OoB 
boundary or to 
10.000 GHz 
whichever is 
lower. upper -40dBpp 
band edge to 
upper OoB 
boundary or to 
10.150 GHz 
whichever is 
lower. 
 
 
8.1.8 Radiated spurious emissions  
To perform the measurement, the radar and the measuring equipment shall be instal led as 
described in Recommendation ITU-R M.1177 [1]. The radar equipment shall t hen be set to the 
shortest range (shortest pulse duration). 
All power levels including the PEP shall be determined by the same method and the same 
measuring parameters. 
Measures described in Recommendation ITU-R M.1177 [1] shall be taken to ensure that 
interference caused by multiple reflections does not occur. 
The radiated spurious power emission shall be measured in several overlapping frequency  
sweep steps in the frequency bands given in the following table. 
If required, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and a notch filter for the  operating frequency should be 
used to reach the required dynamic amplitude measuring range. NT-300x 
 
 
 1000375414 22/25  
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits in clause 6.2.6.2 in o rder to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
  
Lower measurement band  Upper measurement band  
4,5 GHz to lower OoB boundary higher OoB boundary to 26 G Hz 
 
 
8.1.9 Cabinet spurious radiation 
For measurements above 1000 MHz the peak value shall be measured using a spectrum  
analyser. The "max hold" function of the spectrum analyser shall be used. For m easurements up 
to 1000 MHz the quasi-peak detector set in accordance with the specification o f CISPR 16 [6] 
shall be used. 
 
The frequency of the measuring receiver shall be adjusted over the frequenc y range 25 MHz to 
10 times the carrier frequency, not exceeding 40 GHz, except for the fr equency band 4.500-
26.000 GHz where measurements according clause 7.2.5 and 7.2.6 apply. 
 
Measurements of the cabinet radiation shall be performed according to ETSI EN 300 440-1 [4] 
clause 7.3.3. 
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits specified in clause 6.2 .7.2 in order to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
 
8.1.10 Antenna gain 
 
The antenna gain shall be measured according to EN 301 126-3-1 [5] clause 6.3.   
The results obtained shall be compared to the limits specified in clause 6.2 .8.2 in order to prove 
compliance with the requirement. 
 
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Annex A (normative): 
Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table 
The Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (RTT) in tabl e A.1 serves a 
number of purposes, as follows: 
- it states all the essential requirements in words and by cross ref erence to (a) specific 
clause(s) in the present document or to (a) specific clause(s) in (a) speci fic 
referenced document(s); 
- it qualifies each requirement to be either: 
- Unconditional: meaning that the requirement applies in all circumstances; or 
- Conditional: meaning that the requirement is dependent on the manufacturer havi ng 
chosen to support optional functionality defined within the schedule; 
- in the case of Conditional requirements, it associates the requirem ent with the 
particular optional service or functionality; 
- it qualifies each test procedure to be either: 
- Essential: meaning that it is included with the essential radio test suit e and therefore 
the requirement shall be demonstrated to be met in accordance with the referenc ed 
procedures; 
- Other: meaning that the test procedure is illustrative but other means  of 
demonstrating compliance with the requirement are permitted. 
 
The following requirements and test specifications are relevant to  the presumption of 
conformity under the Article 7 paragraph 3 TIO (Ordinance on  Telecommunications 
Installations) 
Requirement Requirement 
Conditionality Test Specification 
No Description Reference: 
Clause No U/C Condition E/O Reference 
:  
Clause No 
1 EMC Emission 6.1.1 U  E 7.1.1 
2 EMC Immunity 6.1.2 U  E 7.1.2 
3 Operating  frequency  6.2.1 C For radar equipment 
operating in the 
9300-9500 MHz 
frequency band E 7.1.3 
4 Transmitter pulse power 6.2.2 C For pulsed radars 
only E 7.1.4 
5 Peak Envelope Power 6.2.3 U  E 7.1.5 
6 -40 dB bandwidth (B -40 )  6.2.4 U  E 7.1.6 
7 Radiated out of band 
emissions 6.2.5 U  E 7.1.7 
8  
 
Radiated spurious 
emissions 6.2.6 U  E 7.1.8 NT-300x 
 
 
 1000375414 24/25  
Requirement Requirement 
Conditionality Test Specification 
No Description Reference: 
Clause No U/C Condition E/O Reference 
:  
Clause No 
9 Cabinet spurious 
radiation 6.2.7 U  E 7.1.9 
10 Antenna gain 6.2.8 U  E 7.1.10 
 
Key to columns: 
Requirement: 
No A unique identifier for one row of the table which may be used to identify a 
requirement or its test specification. 
Description A textual reference to the requirement. 
Clause No. Identification of clause(s) defining the requirement in the present docum ent 
unless another document is referenced explicitly. 
Requirement Conditionality: 
U/C Indicates whether the requirement is to be unconditionally  applicable (U) or is 
conditional  upon the manufacturer’s claimed functionality of the equipment 
(C). 
Condition Explains the conditions when the requirement shall or shall not be applicable 
for a technical requirement which is classified as "conditional". 
Test Specification: 
E/O Indicates whether the test specification forms part of the essential radio test 
suite (E) or whether it is one of the other test suite (O). 
NOTE: All tests whether "E" or "O" are relevant to the requ irements. Rows designated "E" collectively 
make up the essential radio test suite; those designated "O" make up the Other Test Suite; for 
those designated "X" there is no test specified corresponding  to the requirement. The 
completion of all tests classified "E" as specified with satisfa ctory outcomes is a necessary 
condition for a presumption of conformity. Compliance with requirements associated with tests 
classified "O" or "X" is a necessary condition for presumption of conformity, although 
conformance with the requirement may be claimed by an equiv alent test or by manufacturer's 
assertion supported by appropriate entries in the techni cal construction file. 
Clause Number Identification of clause(s) defining the test specification in the present 
document unless another document is referenced explicitly. Where no test is  
specified (that is, where the previous field is "X") this field remains blan k. 
 
9 Repealed documents 
- NT-300x 
 
 
 1000375414 25/25  
Biel/Bienne, 31.12.2014 
BUNDESAMT FÜR KOMMUNIKATION 
OFFICE FEDERAL DE LA COMMUNICATION 
UFFICIO FEDERALE DELLE COMUNICAZIONI 
FEDERAL OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS 
Bundesamt für Kommunikation 
Nancy Wayland Bigler