MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 TECHNICAL  CODE  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISIO N (DTT) - ACTIVE 
INDOOR ANTENNA  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Developed  by  Registered  by 
  
 
 
Registered  date:  12 July 2017  
 
© Copyright  2017  
MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
 Development  of technical  codes  
 
 
The Communications  and Multimedia  Act 1998  (‘the Act’) provides  for Technical  Standards  Forum  
designated  under  section  184 of the Act or the Malaysian  Communications  and Multimedia  Commission  
(‘the Commission’)  to prepare  a technical  code.  The technical  code  prepared  pursuant  to section  185 
of the Act shall consist  of, at least,  the requirement  for network  interoperability  and the promotion  of 
safety  of network  facilities.  
 
Section  96 of the Act also provides  for the Commission  to determine  a technical  code  in accordance  
with section  55 of the Act if the technical  code  is not developed  under  an applicable  provision  of the Act 
and it is unlikely  to be developed  by the Technical  Standards  Forum  within  a reasonable  time.  
 
In exercise  of the power  conferred  by section  184 of the Act, the Commission  has designated  the 
Malaysian  Technical  Standards  Forum  Bhd (‘MTSFB’)  as a Technical  Standards  Forum  which  is 
obligated,  among  others,  to prepare  the technical  code  under  section  185 of the Act. 
 
A technical  code  prepared  in accordance  with section  185 shall not be effective  until it is registered  by 
the Commission  pursuant  to section  95 of the Act. 
 
For further  information  on the technical  code,  please  contact:  
 
Malaysian  Communications  and Multimedia  Commission  (MCMC ) 
MCMC Tower 1  
Jalan Impact , Cyber 6 , 
63000 Cyberjaya  
Selangor Darul Ehsan  
MALAYSIA  
 
 
Tel: +60 3 8688  8000  
Fax: +60 3 8688  1000  
http://www.skmm.gov.my  
 
 
OR 
 
 
Malaysian  Technical  Standards  Forum  Bhd (MTSFB ) 
Malaysian Communications & Multimedia Commission (MCMC)  
Off Persiaran Multimedia,  
Jalan Impact  
Cyberjaya  
Selangor Darul Ehsan  
MALAYSIA  
 
 
Tel: +60 3 8320 0300  
Fax: +60 3 8322 0115  
http://www.mtsfb.org.my  
 
   MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
i Contents  
 
Page  
 
Committee representation  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  ii 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  iii 
1. Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  1 
2. Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
3. Abbreviation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1 
4. Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 2 
4.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  2 
4.2 Technical requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  3 
 
Annexes  
 
A Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  9 
B Testing procedures  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  10 MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
ii Committee  representation  
 
 
Multimedia Terminal Working Group (MMT WG) under the Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd 
(MTSFB) which supervised  this technical c ode consists of representatives from the following 
organisations:  
 
Al Hijrah Media Corpora tion 
Dolby Laboratories Inc  
Eastool Solution Sdn Bhd  
Fraunhofer IIS  
LG Electronics (M) Sdn Bhd  
Media Prima Berhad  
MyTV Broadcasting Sdn Bhd  
Panasonic AVC Networks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Sdn Bhd  
Radio  Television Malaysia  
Rohde & Schwarz Malaysia Sdn Bhd  
Samsung Malaysia Electronics (SME) Sdn Bhd  
Sharp (M) Sdn Bhd  
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd  
Sony EMCS (M) Sdn Bhd  
Toshiba (M) Sdn Bhd  
 
 
Indoor Digital Terrestrial Television Antenna Task Force of the Multimedia Terminal Working  Group  
(MMT WG)  which developed this technical code consists of representatives from the following 
organi sations :  
  
Eastool Solution Sdn Bhd  
Media Prima Berhad  
Multimedia University  
MYTV Broadcasting Sdn Bhd  
Radio Television Malaysia (RTM)  
Rohde & Schwarz Malaysia Sdn Bhd  
Samsung Malaysia Electronics (SME) Sdn Bhd  
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd  
Sony EMCS (M) Sdn Bhd  
 
 
    MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
iii Foreword  
 
 
This technical  code  for the Digital Terrestrial Television  (DTT) - Active i ndoor antenna  (‘this  Technical  
Code’)  was developed  pursuant to s ection 185 of the Act 588 by the Malaysian Technical Standards 
Forum Bhd ( ‘MTSFB ’) via its Indoor Digital Terrestrial Television Antenna Task Force of the Multimedia 
Terminal Working Group (MMT WG) . 
 
This Technical Code was developed for the purpose of certifying communications equipment under the 
Communications and Multimedia (Technical Standards) Regulations 2000.  
  
This Technical  Code  shall continue  to be valid and effective  until reviewed  or cancelled.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
iv  
MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
1 DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION  (DTT) - ACTIVE INDOOR ANTENNA  
 
 
1. Scope  
 
This Technical Code specifies  the minimum requirements for active indoor  Digital Terrestrial Television  
(DTT)  antennas. DTT reception quality depends on several antenna parameters which play a crucial 
role in delivering the DTT signal to the connected DTT receiver  in conjunction with DTT systems 
operating in the frequency range  of 470 MHz - 742 MHz, Ultra High Frequency  (UHF ) during pre -
Analogue Switch Off (ASO ) and in the frequency range of 470 MHz - 694 MHz  (UHF) during post -ASO.   
 
An active antenna  is an antenna  that contains active electronic components such as transistors, as 
opposed to most antennas which only consist of passive components such as metal rods, capacitors 
and inductors. Active antenna designs allow antennas of limited size to have a wider frequency range 
(bandwidth) than passive antennas, and are primarily used in situations where a larger pa ssive antenna 
is either impractical (inside a portable radio) or impossible (suburban residential area that dis allows use 
of large outdoor low frequency antennas).  
 
 
2. Normative  references  
 
The following normative  references  are indispensable  for the applica tion of this Technical  Code.  For 
dated  references,  only the edition  cited  applies.  For undated  references,  the latest  edition  of the 
normative  references  (including  any amendments)  applies.  
 
See Annex A.  
 
 
3. Abbreviation  
 
For the purposes  of this Technical  Code,  the following  abbreviation  applies.  
 
AC Alternating  Current  
ASO  Analogue Switch Off  
AUT Antenna Under Test 
dB decibel  
dBi decibels relative to an isotropic radia tor 
dBm Decibel -milliwatts  
DTT Digital Terrestrial Television  
DUT Device Under Test 
ESD Electrostatic Discharge  
Gp Passive antenna gain  
Gt Total antenna gain  
IM Intermodulation  
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission  
IUT Implementation Under Test  
NF Noise Figure  MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
2 OIP 3 3rd Order Intercept Point  
RF Radio Frequency  
S/N Signal -To-Noise  
STB Set Top Box  
UHF Ultra  High Frequency  
 
 
4. Requirement s 
 
4.1 General  requirements   
 
Device of  indoor  DTT antenna  shall be designed  not to cause  interference  with other  authori sed 
radiocommunication  services,  and be able to tolerate  any interference  caused  by other  
radiocommunication  services,  electrical  or electronic  equipment.  
 
The antenna shall be tested to comply with the applicable requirements stipulated in Clause  4 which 
the parameters are profiled in Table 1.  The Antenna Under Test (AUT)  shall complied to the test method 
specified in Annex B and parameters in Table 1 . 
 
4.1.1  Power  supply  
 
The equipment  may be Alternating Current  (AC) or Direct Current  (DC) powered.  For AC powered  
equipment,  the operating  voltage  shall be 240 V + 5 %, - 10 % and frequency  50 Hz ± 1 % in according  
to MS 406 or 230 V ± 10 % and frequency  50 Hz ± 1 % in according  to MS IEC 60038  whichever  is 
current.   
 
If an external  power  supply  is used  (e.g. AC adaptor ), it shall not affect  the capability  of the equipment  
to meet  this Technical  Code.  Adaptor  shall be pre-approved  by the relevant regulatory body  before  to 
be used  with the equipment.  
 
Alternatively, the power supply may be integrated in the  Set Top Box  (STB) . 
 
4.1.2  Power  supply  cord  and mains  plug  
 
The equipment  shall be fitted  with a suitable  and appropriate  approved  power  supply  cord and mains  
plug.  The power supply cord and mains plug are regulated  products  and it shall be pre-approved  by the 
relevant regulatory body  with the following requirements  before  to be used  with the equipment . 
 
a) The power  supply  cord shall be certified  in according  to either : 
 
i) BS 6500;  
 
ii) IEC 60227 -5; or 
 
iii) IEC 60245 -4. 
 
b) The main  plug shall be certified  in according  to: 
 
i) MS 589: Part 1 or BS 1363:  Part 1 (for 13 A fused plugs ); or 
 
ii) MS 1578  or BS EN 50075  (for 2.5 A, 250 V, flat non -rewirable two -pole plugs ). 
 
 MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
3 4.1.3  Radio Frequency (RF) input connector  
 
The RF input connector shall be complied to IEC 61169 -2. 
 
4.1.4  Marking  
 
The equipment  shall be marked  with the following  information:  
 
a) supplier /manufacturer’s  name  or identification  mark;   
 
b) supplier /manufacturer’s  model  or type reference;  and 
 
c) other markings  as required  by the relevant  standards.   
 
The markings  shall be legible,  indelible  and readily  visible.  All information  on the marking  shall be either  
in Bahasa  Melayu  or English  Language.   
 
4.2 Technical  requirements  
 
In order to get the optimal DTT reception performance the following mentioned antenna parameters 
shall be complied.  Each antenna model shall comply with the specified value range from each selected 
parameter  as follows  where the summary of technical requirements are listed in Table 1 : 
 
a) passive antenna gain ; 
 
b) total antenna gain ; 
 
c) Noise Figure  (NF); 
 
d) 3rd Order Intercept Po int (OIP 3); 
 
e) return loss ; 
 
f) directivity ; 
 
g) temperature range ; 
 
h) suppression of unwanted signals ; 
 
i) power consumption ; and  
 
j) Electrostatic Discharge  (ESD). 
 
4.2.1  Operating frequency range  
 
The indoor antennas for DTT  broadcast  service  receivers  shall operate  in the frequency range 
470 MHz - 742 MHz  (UHF)  during pre -ASO and in the freque ncy range of 470 MHz - 694 MHz (UHF) 
during post -ASO.  
 
4.2.2  Passive antenna gain  
 
Passive gain is one of the most important antenna factors, the more passive gain the better the Signal -
To-Noise  (S/N) ratio on the antenna output port.  
 
The passive antenna gain is a relative measure of an antenna's ability to focus radio frequency energy. 
The measurement is typically measured in dBi ( decibels relative to an isotropic radia tor) or in dBd 
(decibels relative to a dipole radiator).  MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
4  
The passive gain of an antenna is the gain obtained by the antenna structure itself without any active 
components. An antenna with high passive gain will perform better within areas with  relative lo w field 
strengths.  
 
The indoor antenna shall have a passive gain of ≥ 0 dBi .  
 
4.2.3  Total antenna gain  
 
The total antenna gain (Gt) is the sum of the passive antenna gain (Gp) and the gain of the integrated 
amplifier (Ga).  
 
Gt = Gp + Ga  
 
Gp is measured in dBi while  Ga is measured  in dB.  
 
The amplifier in an active antenna  is primarily designed to overcome the coaxial loss by cable and 
should provide a sufficient gain margin of the total system gain. Deploying an active antenna allows 
placing an antenna remotel y (with relatively long cable) as the antenna is powered conveniently over 
the same cable.  
 
The RF levels at the output of the antenna shall not exceed the maximum input RF leve l of the STB 
receiver  to avoid any deterioration of the STB receiving signal .  
 
The antenna gain shall be stable over the  operating frequency  range at  ± 2 dB.  
 
The indoor antenna shall h ave a total antenna gain of 18 dB ± 2 dB . 
 
4.2.4  Noise figure  (NF) 
 
The low Noise Figure (NF) is an important performance characteristic of the antenna amplifier  which in 
general,  it is better than the front end of the STB to ensure  the ability to receive weak stations is greatly 
improved.  
 
NF is a measure of degradation of the S/N caused by noise contributed by components in the RF signal 
chain. Less no ise contribution will produce  a better S/N ratio at the output of RF signal chain.  
 
The total noise figure (F) in a system is defined as:  
 
𝐹=𝐹1+𝐹2−1
𝐺1+𝐹3−1
𝐺1𝐺2+𝐹4−1
𝐺1𝐺2𝐺3+⋯+ 𝐹𝑛−1
𝐺1𝐺2𝐺3…𝐺𝑛−1 
where,  
 
Fn is the noise figure of the n-th device.  
 
This is the case when several devices are cascaded.  
 
The illustration of an antenna with integrated amplifier connected to a STB is shown in Figure 1 . 
 MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
5  
 
Figure 1. System setup of the installation diagram  
The indoor antenna shall have a typical noise figure of ≤ 1.5 dB . 
 
4.2.5  Output 3rd order Intercept Point (OIP 3) 
 
Output  3rd Order Intercept Points (OIP 3) specifications provide a useful figure for determining the degree 
of linearity exhibited by RF electronic devices/systems. The linearity of the system will be getting better 
when the OIP 3 produce higher value, thus the RF domain will have better performa nce in regarding  of 
spectral purity.  
The OIP 3 is the theoretical output level at which the third -order two -tone distortion products are equal 
in power to the desired  (wanted) signals. The calculation is based on the following equation.  
IM3 = 3Pout - 2OIP 3 
 
where, 
 
IM3  is third  order intermodulation level (dBm) ; 
 
Pout is single tone power at output (dBm) ; and  
 
OIP 3 is output third -order intercept point (dBm) . 
 
The intermodulation  (IM) products created in active components like amplifiers sh all be kept as low as 
possible.  
 
In order t o achieve low IM products ( - 60 dBc), amplifiers with high OIP 3 are needed.  Figures  2 and 3 
show  the result of two carriers when it  applied to the amplifier.  In Figure 2 , each 1  dB increment at the 
input will increase the output carrier by 1 dB as well but the IM  product will be increased by 3 dB.  Figure 
3 shows its measurement on a spectrum analyser.  The distance between the wanted carriers and the 
IM products is called IMA should be as high as possible.  
 
The UHF spectrum is more occupied by high RF level mobile telecom signals, thus more demands on 
linearity (OIP 3) of the antenna amplifier.  
 
The amplifier shall be capable of handling signals with 0 dBm output level, and assuming that IM 
products  are at - 60 dBc.  
 
OIP 3 = (3Pout - IM3)/2 
 
OIP 3 = (3 x 0 - (- 60))/2  
 
OIP 3 = 30 dBm  
 
The indoor antenna shall have a OIP 3 level of ≥ 30 dBm . 
 MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
6  
  
Figure 2. OIP 3 table  Figure 3. OIP 3 analysing  
 
4.2.6  Return loss 
 
Antenna impedance and the quality of the impedance match are most commonly characteri sed as 
return loss.  These impedance parameter s are to measure value of the RF power supplied to the STB 
receiver reflects back to the antenna terminals.  
 
For efficient transfer of DTT RF signals between an antenna and STB receiver the return loss should 
be ≤ - 10 dB for 75 Ω system impedance . 
 
The indoor antenna shall have a return loss of ≤ - 10 dB . 
 
4.2.7  Directivity  
 
An antenna is a physical device that radiat es or receives energy, almost always with some directional 
dependence . Theoretically, for efficient transfer of energy between two antennas, their respective 
radiation patterns shall be optimi sed in the correct direction and the antenna shall be polari sed with the 
same orientation. However, in the real world, where Line of Sight (LOS) between two antennas rarely 
exists, and at frequencies above about 500 MHz, objects in the path between the antennas (walls, 
structures, people, terrain, etc.) may substant ially alter both the effective radiation patterns and the 
polari sation . 
 
Even if a device is located in a fixed position, polari sation will typically change with time due to 
movement of nearby objects.  As a result, while some general attention shall be paid to radiation pattern 
shape and antenna polari sation , these parameters can be optimi sed for a particular situation in only a 
general way.  Since indoor reception is commonly multipath reception ( Rayleigh) , an omni-directional or 
slight directivity is  recommended.   
 
The antenna directivity shall be measured as a minimum at the lowest, middle and highest frequency 
of the declared frequency band(s).  
 
The indoor antenna shall have as near to omni -directivity pattern  as shown in Figure 4.  
 
OIP 3 MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
7  
Figure 4. Directivity antenna pattern  
 
4.2.8  Temperature range  
 
Operating temperature  range  for consumer indoor  antenna shall be within  - 20º C to 70 ºC . 
 
An operating temperature is the temperature at which an electrical or mechanical device operates. The 
device will operate effectively within a specified temperature range which varies based on the device 
function and application context, and ranges from the minimum to the maximum operating temperature.   
 
The indoor antenna shall have a temper ature range between - 20 ºC to 70 ºC  
 
4.2.9  Suppression of unwanted signals  
 
Wireless devices  such as Global System for Mobile (GSM ), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN ) and 
other systems  often have multiple transceivers, operating in various bands and act as a local  or nearby 
interferer.  Interference may also cause by t he following wireless devices : 
 
a) amateur radio ; 
 
b) shortwave broadcast ; 
 
c) Frequency Module ( FM) radio broadcast ; and  
 
d) Long Term Evolution (LTE). 
 
To prevent DTT interference, suppression filtering of the interfering frequency band  from the wireless 
devices  is required.  
 
The indoor antenna shall have a suppression of unwanted signals  of ≥ 20 dB. 
 
4.2.10  Power consumption  
 
Typical  STB receivers are capable of delivering +  5 V at a maximum current of 50  mA, the maximum 
current of the active antenna sh all not exceed 50 m A. 
 
The indoor antenna shall have power consumption ≤  250 mW. 
  
MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
8 4.2.11  Electrostatic Discharge ( ESD) 
 
The discharge  of ESD can affect  the correct functioning of  equipment.  The charge is created  by the 
friction  of two materials , one of which is non-conductive . ESD interference  derives its  strength from the  
very short rise time  (up to  less than 1 ns), and the short durat ion (typically  less than 100 ns ) of a pulse 
in combination  with a large current  or voltage .  
 
The device shall be protected with special components which leads the charge to ground  to avoid 
component damaged by ESD . Mostly the components are assembled to the input and output of the 
device.  
 
The device sh all withstand contact discharges of 2  kV and 4  kV and air  discharges of 2  kV, 4 kV and 
8 kV with both polarities plus  (+) and minus  (-).  
 
The ESD of  indoor antenna shall withstand  contact discharges of 2 kV and 4  kV and air  discharges of 
2 kV, 4 kV and 8 kV with both polarities plus ( +) and minus ( -). 
 
Table 1. Summary of t echnical requirements for indoor DTT antenna  
 
No. Parameter  Value/ range  
1. Operating frequency range  470 MHz - 742 MHz (UHF)  during pre -ASO and 
470 MHz - 694 MHz ( UHF) during post -ASO  
2. Passive antenna gain, Gp ≥ 0 dBi  
3. Total antenna gain, Gt 18 dB ± 2 dB   
4. Noise figure  ≤ 1.5 dB  
5. Output 3rd order intercept point, OIP 3 ≥ 30 dBm  
6. Return loss ≤ - 10 dB  
7. Directivity  The indoor antenna shall have as near to omni -
directivity pattern as shown in Figure 4.  
8. Temperature range  - 20 ºC to 70 ºC  
9. Suppression of unwanted signal  ≥ 20 dB  
10. Power consumption  ≤ 250 m W 
11. Electrostatic discharge  The ESD of indoor antenna shall withstand 
contact discharges of 2  kV and 4  kV and air 
discharges of 2  kV, 4  kV and 8  kV with both 
polarities plus (+) and minus ( -). 
 
  MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
9 Annex A  
(normative)  
 
 
Normative  references  
 
 
MS 406, Specification for voltages and frequency for alternating current transmission and distribution 
systems (Second revision)  
 
MS 589 -1, 13 A plugs, socket -outlets, adaptors and connection units - Part 1: Specification for rewirable 
and non -rewirable 13A fused plugs (Third revision)  
 
MS 1578, Specification for flat non -rewirable two -pole plugs, 2.5 A, 250 V, with cord, for the connection 
of class II -Equipment for household and similar purposes  
 
MS IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages  
 
IEC 60227 -5, Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V - 
Part 5: Flexible cables (cords)  
 
IEC 60245 -4, Rubber insulated cables - Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V - Part 4: Cords 
and flexible cables  
 
IEC 61169 -2, Radio-frequency  connectors - Part 2: Sectional specification - Radio frequency coaxial 
connectors of type 9,52  
 
BS 1363: Part 1, 13 A plugs, socket -outlets, adaptors and connection units - Part 1: Specification for 
rewirable and non -rewirable 13 A fused plugs  
 
BS 6500, Electric cables. Flexible cords rated up to 300/500 V, for use with appliances and equipment 
intended for domestic, office and similar environments  
 
BS EN 50075, Specification for flat non -wirable two -pole plugs 2.5 A 250 V, with cord, for the c onnection 
of Class II -equipment for household and similar purposes  
 
 
 
  MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
10 Annex B  
(normative)  
 
 
Testing procedures  
 
 
B1. Passive antenna gain  
 
The passive antenna gain should be measured in a homogeneous field. For the testing purposes, the 
AUT without the built-in amplifier , calibrated reference antenna , transmit antenna , attenuator 10  dB and 
network analyser are required.  
 
In order to measure the field strength of the calibrated reference antenna , the following steps shall be 
followed:  
 
a) Arranged all dev ices as illustrated in Figure B1.  
 
b) Connect 10 dB attenuator to the reference antenna to avoid mismatches with the coaxial cable.  
 
c) Both signal shall be connected to the network analyser which generates a sweep in the frequency 
range the AUT is specified . 
 
d) The transmit antenna will transmit the signal to the reference antenna.  
 
e) Values  of the received signal  which  measured by the reference antenna  shall be recorded.  
 
f) Replace the reference antenna with the AUT then repeat steps specified in  a) until e). The passive 
gain of the AUT is calculated by  taking the calibrated reference gain values of the reference 
antenna into account . 
 
 
 
Figure B1. Antenna gain measurement  
 
 
B2. Total antenna gain 
 
To determine the total antenna  gain, the antenna with built -in amplifier is connected to the input of the 
network analy ser through  a 10 dB attenuator.  The setup and measurement procedures are the same 
as specified in Clause B1 . The gain flatness can be determined after gain measurement  is completed.  
 
 
 
 
 
MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
11 B2.1  Amplifier gain 
 
To measure the amplifier gain, the amplifier is separated from the antenna.  The amplifier input is 
connected to the network analy ser’s output and the amplifier output is connected to the network 
analy ser’s input ( see Figure B2). The analy ser’s output is set to a certain level so that  the amplifier 
works in linear region . The sweep frequency range is set to 1 MHz - 1 000 MHz . The amplifier gain 
can be read out and saved in the analy ser’s memory.  
 
 
 
Figure B2. Amplifier gain measurement  
 
 
B3. Noise figure (amplifier)  
 
To determine the noise figure of the amplifier a measurement setup which consist of spectrum analy ser 
and noise source  as illustrated in Figure B3 shall be  arranged . 
 
In order to measure the noise figure, the following steps shall be followed  (steps e) and f) are for noise 
measurement of the amplifier) : 
 
a) Calibrat e the measurement setup.   
 
b) Connect a  noise source with a calibrated noise figure to the spectrum analy ser. 
 
c) The frequency shall be  set in the operating frequency range of the antenna.   
 
d) Measure t he noise level . 
 
e) The noise source shall be connected to the input of the amplifier . 
 
f) A sweep shall be  made in the same frequency range as in step c).  
 Note. The added noise in the circuit is the noise level of the amplifier Device Under Test  (DUT).  
 
g) All measurement s shall be recorded.  
 
 
 
Figure B3. Noise measurement  
 
 
MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
12 B4. Output 3rd Order Intercept Point (OIP 3) 
 
To determine the OIP 3 of the amplifier , a measurement setup  which consist of 2 units of signal 
generator, 2 units of 10 dB attenuator, a 20 dB attenuator,  combiner and spectrum analyser as 
illustrated  in Figure B4 shall be  arranged . 
 
In order to measure the noise figure, the following steps shall be followed:  
 
a) Connect the outputs of two RF signal generators with a  combine r after passing through a 10  dB 
attenuator . The attenuator is necessary to avoid coupling between the RF signal generators . 
 
b) The combiner’s output  shall be  connected to  the amplifier ’s DUT input.  
 
c) The DUT shall be  connected to the spectrum analys er through a 20  dB attenuator  to protect the 
spectrum anal yser against overloading . 
 
d) Set the RF signal generators  to 1 MHz spacing  (i.e. if signal g enerator 1 is at 500  MHz, then signal 
generator 2  shall be set at 501  MHz). 
 
e) The amplified carriers with the IM  products will be displayed on the analys er’s screen .  
 
f) The software in the equipment will provide the value of OIP 3 on the screen .  
 
To get an overview of the OIP 3 for the whole frequency band , it shall be measured in steps of 50  MHz.  
 
 
 
Figure B4. OIP 3 measurement  
 
 
B5. Return loss 
 
In order to measure the return loss, the following steps shall be followed:  
 
a) Connect the antenna to a network analyser with built-in voltage/Vertical Standing Wave Ratio  
(VSWR) bridge.  
 
b) The measuring port s hall be first calibrated . 
 
c) It shall be set to “Open”, “Short” and a “Load”.  
 
d) The impedance of the load shall be matched with the impedance of the AUT . 
 
e) Measure the return loss of  AUT after calibrating the setup.  
 
 
 
 
MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
13 B6. Directivity  (Antenna diagram)  
 
To determine the antenna diagram, a measurement setup which consist of n etwork analy ser with 
readout interface , transmit antenna , attenuator , rotator , motor controller  and personal computer or 
laptop  as illustrated in Figure B5 shall be arranged.  
 
In order to measure the antenna diagram, the following steps shall be followed:  
 
a) Connect 10 dB attenuator to the AUT to avoid mismatches with the coaxial cable . 
 
b) The analyser generates sweeps in the frequency range the AUT is specified . 
 
c) The transmit antenna will transmit the signal to the reference antenna . 
 
d) Activate the rotator during transmission which will make full rotation of 360. 
 
e) For a ll the fr equencies of interest, measurements shall be made for some specific angles  for all 
interested frequencies.  
 
f) All data that recorded in PC or laptop  shall be saved in order to plot the  antenna diagram.  
 
 
 
Figure B5. Antenna diagram measurement  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MCMC  MTSFB  TC T014:2017 
 Acknowledgement  
 
 
Members of the Multimedia Terminal Working Group under the Malaysian Technical Standards 
Forum Berhad (MTSFB)  
 
Mr Jaafar H aji Mohamad Abu Bakar (Chairman)  Independent Expert  
Mr Mazlan Haji Mahdi (Vice Chairman)   MyTV Broadcasting Sdn Bhd  
Ms Syaida Syarafina Sohaimi (Secretary)   SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd  
Mr Hafizal Ariffin / Al Hijra h Media Corporation  
Mr Suffian Yahya   
Mr Leong Yan Yoong / Dolby Laboratories Inc  
Mr Panna Dey   
Mr Er Yong Hwa / Eastool Solution Sdn Bhd  
Mr Sam Choong /  
Mr Yap Cuang Hing   
Mr Sharad Sadhu  Fraunhofer IIS  
Mr Mohd Suhairi Mohd Noor  LG Electronics (M) Sdn Bhd  
Dr Ahmad Zaki  Mohd Salleh / Media Prima Berhad  
Mr Sukumar Lechmanan   
Mr Shamsul Najib Mohtar  MyTV Broadcasting Sdn Bhd  
Mr Vemalarajah Thyagarajah  Panasonic AVC Networks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 
Sdn Bhd  
Mr Magli Alias  Radio Television Malaysia  
Mr Aw Eng Soon / Rohde & Schwarz Malaysia Sdn Bhd  
Mr Mohd Rizal Lim /  
Mr Tan Beng Sen    
Mr Zainuddin  Samsung Malaysia Electronics (SME) Sdn Bhd  
Mr Chin Ket Ming / Sharp (M) Sdn Bhd  
Mr Parthiban Sappiah   
Ms Hafizah Zainal Abiddin / SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd  
Ms Khairunnisa Ab Halim /  
Ms Norhanisah Mohd Basri    
Dr Leon Mun Wai / Sony EMCS (M) Sdn Bhd  
Mr Muzaffar Fakhruddin /  
Mr Stephen Anthony Cleary    
Mr Leong Sung Boon  Toshiba (M) Sdn Bhd  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MCMC MTSFB TC T014 :2017  
 
 Members  of the Indoor Digital Terrestrial Television Antenna Task Force of the Multimedia 
Terminal Working Group (MMT WG)  
 
Mr Jaafar H aji Mohamad Abu Bakar (Chairman)  Independent Expert  
Mr Mazlan Haji Mahdi (Vice Chairman)  MYTV Broadcasting Sdn Bhd  
Ms Syaida Syarafina Sohaimi (Secretary)  SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd  
Mr Er Yong Hwa / Eastool Solution Sdn Bhd  
Mr Yap Cuang Hing   
Dr Ahmad Zaki  Mohd Salleh / Media Prima Berhad  
Mr Sukumar Lechmanan   
Mr Lee Lian Hong /  Multimedia University  
Dr Lim Heng Siong   
Mr Zainal Zakaria  Radio Television Malaysia (RTM)  
Mr Khoo Keat Soon / Rohde & Schwarz Malaysia Sdn Bhd  
Mr Jonathan Yong  Samsung Malaysia Electronics (SME) Sdn Bhd  
Ms Yuzie Aznita Mat Yasin  SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd  
Dr Leon Mun Wai/  Sony EMCS (M) Sdn Bhd