DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
        DUS  1756 -1 
First Edition  
2017 -mm-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
DUS 1756 -1: 2017  
© UNBS 2017   
  
Commercial blasting explosives — Specification — Part 1: 
Emulsion Explosive  
 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
ii © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2017  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS. 
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The Executive Director 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
P.O. Box 6329 
Kampala 
Uganda 
Tel: +256 414 333 250 /1/2/3 
Fax: +256 414 286 123 
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1:2017 
© UNBS yyyy  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents Page 
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. v  
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ vi 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ...................... 1 
2 Normative references  ................................................................ ................................ ............................ 1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................................................ ................................ ........................... 1 
4. Requirement  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ........... 2 
4.1 General requirement  ................................................................ ................................ ............................. 2 
4.2 Performance requirements  ................................ ................................................................ ................... 2 
4.2.1  Continuity of detonation  ................................................................ ................................ ....................... 2 
4.2.2  Blast performance requirements  ................................ ................................................................ ......... 2 
5 Inspection  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 2 
5.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ................... 2 
5.2 Inspection  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 3 
6 Packaging and marking  ................................................................ ................................ ........................ 3 
6.1 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 3 
6.2 Labeling  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ .................. 3 
6.3 Cartridges  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 3 
Annex A (normative)  Gallery test ..................................................................................................................... 4  
A 1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ................... 4 
Annex B (normative)  Continuity of detonation ............................................................................................... 5  
B.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ................... 5 
B.2 Apparatus and materials  ................................ ................................................................ ...................... 5 
B.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 5 
Annex C (normative)  Gap Sensitivity/Distance .............................................................................................. 7  
C.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ................... 7 
C.2 Apparatus and materials  ................................ ................................................................ ...................... 7 
C.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 7 
Annex D (normative)  Density ........................................................................................................................... 8  
D.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ................... 8 
D.2 Apparatus and materials  ................................ ................................................................ ...................... 8 
D.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 8 
D.4 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............. 8 
Annex E (normative)   Determination of velocity of detonation .................................................................... 9  
E.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ................... 9 
E.2 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ................. 9 
E.3 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 9 
E.4 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 9 
E.5 Precautions  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ .......... 10 
Annex F (normative)  Brisance Test ............................................................................................................... 11 
F.1 Brisance Test  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ....... 11 
F.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............. 11 
F.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............. 11 
Annex G (normative)   Capacity for Work. ..................................................................................................... 13 
G.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ ............... 13 
G.2 Instruments and Material:  ................................ ................................................................ ................... 13 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
iv © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 G.3 Preparations  ................................ ................................................................ ................................ ........ 13 
G.4 Operating Steps.  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ . 14 
G.5 Data Processing  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ .. 14 
Annex H (normative)  Sampling and compliance with this standard ......................................................... 15 
H.1 Sampling  ................................ ................................................................ ................................ .............. 15 
H.1.1  Preservation  ................................ ................................................................ ................................ ........ 15 
H.1.2  Lot ................................................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 15 
H.1.3  Small Diameter Explosives  ................................................................ ................................ ................ 15 
H.1.4  Number of Tests ................................ ................................ ................................................................ .. 15 
H.1.5  Gallery Test  ................................ ................................................................ ................................ ......... 16 
H.1.6  Scale of Sample  ................................ ................................ ................................................................ .. 16 
H.2 Compliance with this standard  ................................................................ ................................ .......... 16 
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 
 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1:2017 
© UNBS yyyy  – All rights reserved  v 
 Foreword 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended.  UNBS is mandated to co-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). 
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders 
including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council. 
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/TC 5, [Chemicals and 
Environment]  
This second/third/… edition cancels and replaces the first/second/… edition (U S nnn-n :yyyy), which has been 
technically revised.  
US nnn consists of the following parts, under the general title Introductory element — Main element :  
  Part n: Part title  
  Part [n+1]: Part title  
  Part [n+2]: Part title  DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
vi © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 Introduction 
An explosive is a compound or a mixture of compounds, which when initiated by heat, impact, friction or shock 
undergoes a very rapid self-propagating exothermic reaction. This reaction produces more stable products, 
usually gases that exert tremendous pressure as they expand at high temperature. 
Explosives can be classified into two broad groups, namely, the industrial explosive and the military 
explosives. Industrial explosives are also known as commercial explosives and include dynamites, slurries, 
emulsions and blasting powders. Military explosives are mainly used as ammunition in small arms as well as 
field guns and rockets. • Slurries consist of saturated aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate and other nitrates 
which also contain additional amounts of undissolved nitrates in suspension. Fuels are added to the 
composition in order to take up the excess oxygen of nitrates. Sensitizer in slurries can be monomethylamine 
nitrate, dispersed air bubbles, aluminium powder, etc. 
Emulsions are made by mixing an aqueous solution of nitrates of ammonium, calcium and/or sodium and fuels 
like oil, LSHS, diesel oil and waxes in the presence of emulsifiers. Sensitivity is normally achieved by adding 
chemical gassing agents like sodium nitrite and/or micro balloons. 
In permitted emulsion/emulsion explosives, coolants like sodium chloride are added to reduce the flame 
temperature.  
Emulsion/Emulsion explosives can be manufactured at site through Site Mix Emulsion (SMS) or Site Mix 
Emulsion (SME) systems and charged into boreholes mechanically through pumping arrangement. These 
explosives are water resistant, fairly stable, sensitive and have good storage quality. They are sensitive to 
shock impact and fire and are non-toxic. They have excellent fume characteristics and post-blast fumes are 
non-irritaDRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 1756 -1: 2017  
 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  1 
 Commercial blasting explosives — Specification — Part 1: 
Emulsion Explosive  
1 Scope 
The standard specifies requirements, tests methods and sampling of emulsion explosives  
NOTE The requirements of this standard should be read in conjunction with the Act of 1964 cap 309 and other 
applicable regulations. 
2 Normative references 
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content 
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated 
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. 
DUS 1776:2017; light metal in hazardous location at mines — Guidelines for use 
DUS 1757: 2017; Commercial blasting explosives  — Terminology  
DUS ISO 7010: 2011; Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs 
3 Terms and definitions 
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in WDUS 1757  and the following apply.  
3.1 
authorized explosive 
explosive which is authorized by the competent authority 
3.2 
competent authority 
national body or authority designated, or otherwise recognized, for the control or regulation of explosives (see 
foreword) 
3.3  
emulsion explosive 
is an intimate mixture of oxidizers and carbonaceous fuels made as water in oil type of Emulsion industrially 
produced by emulsification technologies.  
3.4 
permitted detonator 
detonator which is authorized by the competent authority for manufacture and commercial use. 
3.5 
permitted explosive 
explosive which is authorized by the competent authority for use in commercial work 
3.6 
regulations 
regulations promulgated under the relevant national legislation  DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
2 © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 4. Requirement 
4.1 General requirement  
4.1.1  The explosive shall be a homogeneous mix and shall be capable of initiation by a permitted 
detonator. 
4.1.3  A permitted explosive shall be Water-based explosive in an emulsified form. 
4.2 Performance requirements 
4.2.1 Continuity of detonation  
When an explosive is tested in accordance with test method in Annex B, the explosive shall, in each case, 
detonate throughout the length of the explosives train. 
4.2.2 Blast performance requirements 
All permitted emulsion explosives manufactured for commercial use, in addition to meeting the general 
requirements stipulated is clause 4.1 above, shall comply with blast performance tests as specified in the table 
1 below. 
Table 1 —Blast performance requirements 
Test  Expected Result  Test Method  
Gap Distance / Sensitivity  ≥5cm  Annex C  
Detonation Velocity  ≥4200ms-1 Annex E  
Brisance  ≥15mm  Annex F  
Capacity for Work  ≥260ml  Annex G  
 
4.2.3 Density 
When determined in accordance with Annex D, the density of the explosive shall be within ± 0.05 g/cm3 of that 
claimed by the manufacturer and fall within a range of 1.00-1.2gcm3 
4.3 Shelf life 
After storage for six months from the date of manufacture, under conditions specified in the relevant national 
legislation and approved by the competent authority, an explosive shall still comply with all the other 
requirements of the standard. 
5 Inspection 
5.1 General 
Owing to the dangerous nature of explosives, extreme care and caution shall be exercised during the 
inspection, sampling and testing of explosives. All safety precautions and procedures laid down in the relevant 
national legislation s shall be strictly followed. 
The sampling procedure given in annex H shall be applied in determining whether a lot complies with the 
appropriate requirements of this standard. DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1: 2017 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  3 
 5.2 Inspection 
Inspect the explosives for compliance with the requirements of clause 6 
6 Packaging and marking 
6.1 Packaging 
Explosives/ Cartridges shall be packed in rigid or semi-rigid cartridges consisting of paper, rigid cardboard or 
plastics. The cartridges shall be such that no leakage of the explosive occurs under normal conditions of 
transportation, handling and storage. Clips used for closing a cartridge shall be made from non-incendiary 
materials complying with the provisions of DUS 1776:2017  and shall be of mass not exceeding 1.2 g per clip. 
Cartridges shall be packed in accordance with the relevant national legislation  
6.2 Labeling  
6.2.1  Each package shall also be marked with appropr iate explosive symbol as specified in IS0 7010 . 
a) Indication of the s ource of manu facture ; 
b) Name of the explo sives; 
c) Batch / lot number ; 
d) Expiry and manufacture date 
e) country of origin  
f) gross and net weight 
g) manufacture or trade mark 
In addition to the above, the following cautionary note shall also appear on the label in red ink: 
 
HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE. HANDLE WITH UTMOST CARE. DO NOT DROP OR SUBJECT TO HEAT. FRICTION OR SHOCK. 
DO NOT BRING ANY SPARK OR FLAME NEAR THE PACKAGE. DO NOT STORE OR STOCK WITH THE DETONATORS  
6.3 Cartridges 
Each cartridge shall bear the following information in prominent, legible and indelible marking: 
a) the trade name of the explosive, 
b) the diameter of the cartridge, and 
c) the mass of the cartridge. 
 
 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
4 © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 Annex A 
(normative)  
 
Gallery test 
A 1 General  
Gallery test is a typ e of test and it i s not required to be c arried o ut on every lot , if the parti cular type of 
composition h as been tested and approved by competent authority. But repeat incendivity te st shall be done 
once in ever y five years of each appro ved s ample of permitted explosive for checking its consistency  against 
safety  
 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1: 2017 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  5 
 Annex B 
(normative) 
 
Continuity of detonation 
B.1 General 
This is a method for the determination of the continuity of detonation of commercial explosive. 
B.2 Apparatus and materials 
NOTE The procedures laid down for the specific test equipment used should be strictly adhered to. 
B.2.1 Instantaneous permitted electric detonator , complying with SANS 1600 . 
B.2.2  Plastics film, of approximately 100 μm thickness and of length approximately (but at least)  1.0 m and 
capable of encircling the cartridge with at least half an overlap.  
B.2.3  Steel pins, of length approximately 13 mm.  
B.2.4  Wooden dowel sticks, of diameter app roximately  10 mm and length approximately 200 mm longer than 
the explosives column under test.  
B.2.5  Cylindrical piercer, of brass or  stainless steel, of diameter 6. 0 mm, of length 140 mm and  pointed at 
one end.  
B.2.6  Masking or insulation tape, of width approximately 20 mm. 
B.3 Procedure 
B.3.1 Take sufficient cartridges of the explosive under test so that, when the cartridges are laid end to end, 
the length of the explosives train is approximately 1 m.  
B.3.2 Place the cartridges end to end along the length  of the plastics film and ensure that they are firmly 
butted together to form an explosives train.  
B.3.3 Wrap the plastics film around the explosives train and using the pins, pin the plastics film firmly in 
position.  
B.3.4 Using the piercer, pierce a hole  in one end of the explosives train along its longitudinal axis, for the 
insertion of the permitted detonator.  
B.3.5 Lay the explosives train down and securely attach the wooden dowel stick to the explosives train with 
the masking or insulation tape so tha t the stick protrudes approximately 200 mm from the one end of the 
explosives train.  
B.3.6 Using the protruding dowel stick, plant the explosives train in the sand so that it is in the vertical 
position and approximately 50 mm above the ground. Insert the permitted detonator at the top of the train and 
fire the shot.  
B.3.7 Ascertain and record whether the explosives train has detonated throughout its entire length.  DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
6 © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 B.3.8 Repeat the test on a second explosives train.  
B.3.9 Deem the explosive to have passed t he test if both trains have detonated throughout their length.  DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1: 2017 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  7 
 Annex C 
(normative) 
 
Gap Sensitivity/Distance 
C.1 General 
The objective of this test is to determine the sensitivity of a charge of explosive ( receptor ) to initiation by 
another charge ( donor ) located at a known distance apart but in line with the first charge. The larger the 
distance over which transmission of propagation of detonation takes place; the more sensitive is the 
explosive. 
C.2 Apparatus and materials  
a) Round rod, 32mm or 35mm. 
b) Steel ruler; 1mm division value. 
c) Regular Size 0 detonator 
C.3 Procedure  
C.3.1 Take a cartridge of the explosive under test and .cut off the unevenness at the ends  
C.3.2 Slice the explosive into two; to yield the master and the slave cartridges. 
C.3.3 Both the master and the slave cartridges should be 150mm or above in length 
C.3.4 Press the round rod onto the sand, until a half round slot is formed. Please note that the rod diameter 
shall be equal to or larger than cartridge sample and the slot length should be larger than the sum of the 
cartridge length and estimated gap distance. 
C.3.5 Place the master and slave cartridges into the slot and measure the distance between the two 
cartridges accurate to 1mm. 
C.3.6 Impurities between the two cartridges are not allowed. 
C.3.7 Insert the detonator into the Master cartridge initiation end; insert depth is 2/3 of detonator length. 
Initiate. 
C.3.8 Sympathetic Detonation considered successful if no remaining explosive is found and a blasting 
crater left under the slave cartridge. 
C.3.10 Perform 3 similar tests as above. The maximum distance between the two cartridges which could 
lead to Sympathetic Detonation is called Gap Distance. DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
8 © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 Annex D 
(normative) 
 
Density 
D.1 General 
This is a method for the determination of the density of commercial emulsion explosive. 
D.2 Apparatus and materials 
NOTE The procedures laid down for the specific test equipment used should be strictly adhered to. 
D.2.1 Top-pan balance, with a capacity of 1  500 g and accurate to within 0. 01 g.  
D.2.2 Graduated measuring cylinder , of 1 000 mL capacity .  
D.3 Procedure 
D.3.1 Fill the measuring cylinder to the 500 mL mark with water, place it on the balance and note it’s mass. 
D.3.2 Carefully remove the wrapper from the cartridge. Quantitatively add the explosive to the water in the 
measuring cylinder and determine the mass (m) of the explosive. 
D.3.3 Determine the increase in volume (v). 
D.3.4 Repeat the test with another cartridge. 
D.3.5 Calculate the density to the nearest 0.01 g/cm 3, (see 6.2) of each sample of explosive and report the 
average of the two results as the density of the explosive under test. 
D.4 Calculation 
vm cmg Density 3/,
 
Where,  
m is the mass of the explosive, in grams; 
v is the volume of the explosive, in cubic centimetres . DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1: 2017 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  9 
 Annex E 
(normative) 
  
Determination of velocity of detonation  
E.1 General 
The time‘t’  taken by the detonation front to traverse a known distance‘d’  in the explosive is measured by the 
timer in micro-seconds. Thus the velocity of detonation (VOD) is denoted as d/t and is expressed as kilometer 
per second. 
E.2 Principle  
The time taken for the detonation front to pass between two sensors a known distance apart is measured. 
E.3 Apparatus  
a) Detonation velocity tester/  microtimer ; The microtimer is an electronic instrum ent which is suited for 
measuring very short time intervals, such as those involved in detonation processes. Two signals 
which define the beginning and end of the time interval to be measured are used as ‘start ’ and ‘stop ’ 
signals to operate a gate. This g ate turns on and off a constant current supply to a capacitor and the 
voltage developed across the capacitor is measured by an electrometer voltmeter circuit. Thus if the 
capacitor starts with zero potential difference across it, the .potential registered by the voltmeter circuit 
at the end of the time interval is directly proportional to the time interval. By suitably selecting the 
various circuit constants the voltmeter  is made to read directly in microseconds.  
b) Cartridge of emulsion explosive •  
c) Steel Ruler; Minimum 1mm scale. 
d) Enameled round copper wire, diameter 0.12-0.15mm  
e) Regular Detonator, Size 0.  
f) Other auxiliary tools such as steel needle and masking tape. 
E.4 Procedure 
E.4.1 Define the firing wire location on the explosive.  
E.4.2 The distance between the two firing wires is 70mm for cartridges with length in the range of 150mm-
300mm and 100mm for cartridges with length larger than 300mm. The distance shall be the same in one test. 
E.4.3 The firing wire at Initiation end shall be as far from the initiation end as possible and the firing wire at 
the other end shall be based on the charging conditions, normally 15mm to 25mm. 
E.4.4 After defining the inserting location, insert the firing wire vertically into the cartridge and fold the wire 
end on the cartridge surface. The two firing wires shall be parallel with each other. DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
10 © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 E.4.5 After the insertion process, the electronic performances of the two firing wires shall be isolated from 
each other. ▪  
E.4.6 Grind off the insulation paint at the wire connecting end with Abrasive Paper 
E.4.7 System Connection and Initiation: While in the blasting test tower connect the firing wire with the 
signal transmission wire as required and check the system status. ▪  
E.4.8 Insert the detonator at the cartridge initiation end, inserting depth is 2/3 of the detonator length. ▪  
E.4.9 Adjust the detonation velocity tester and initiate, record the data (Detonation Velocity and time) read 
by the tester. 
E.4.10 Repeat the experiment at least 3 times and obtain the Average. 
E.5 Precautions 
The following precautions shall be observed: 
A. Keep the timer key and exploder key (in case of firing by exploder.) always in possession while 
connecting the detonator to the shot firing cable. In case of incomplete detonation, carefully collect all 
the fragments of the charge. 
B. In case of misfire wait at least for 5 min in case of shot firing electrically or for at least 30 min in case 
of shot firing with safety fuse before approaching the shot. 
C. The timer shall be calibrated once in 6 months. 
 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1: 2017 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex F 
(normative) 
 
Brisance Test  
F.1 Brisance Test  
This test shall be carried out to determine the instantaneous shock strength of a detonation to the 
surrounding. 
F.2 Apparatus 
a) Scale; 0.1g sensitivity 
b) Vernier Caliper; 0.02mm division rule 
c) Steel Plate; high Quality Carbon structural steel 
d) Lead column 
e) Steel Base; Middle Carbon steel plate 
f) Round paperboard with holes 
g) Paper roll  
h) Regular size 0 detonator 
i) Initiator. 
F.3 Procedure  
F.3.1 Measure the lead column height at four different places of the circular base with help of a vernier 
caliper, take the average value and record as ho  
F.3.2 Explosive Charging: Weigh the paper tube and add 50±0.1g explosive. Cover the explosive with a 
paper board with a hole. Press the paper board so that the explosive fills the tube. 
F.3.3 Mount the testing device and insert the detonator into the explosive charging previously made. The 
inserting length is 15mm. Then initiate. 
F.3.4 The steel base is placed on solid surface (with concrete thickness more than 100mm), place the lead 
column on the base (with side marks on the bottom), steel plate and explosive charging in the same axis 
(visual inspection) 
F.3.5 Fix the system with a rope/wire. Then initiate. • Wipe out the lead column and measure the new lead 
column height at four different places of the base, take the average value and record it as h1 
F.3.6 Brisance = ho- h1 = pressed amount of lead column, unit mm. DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
12 © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 F.3.7 Perform two parallel tests for each sample. The pressed amount of the explosive shall be 2cm. The 
average value of the two tests (accurate to 0.1mm) is the pressed amount. 
F.3.8 If the value of the test of out of tolerance, please re-sample and perform two parallel tests. If the 
value is still out of tolerance, please stop testing and look for causes. DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1: 2017 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  13 
 Annex G 
(normative) 
 
 Capacity for Work. 
G.1 Principle 
The principle of operation is to place the explosive of certain mass and density into a hole in the lead block; 
the volume of the expanded lead is the working capacity of the explosive 
G.2 Instruments and Material: 
a) Lead block: 200mm height by 200mm diameter; hole depth:125mm, hole diameter:24.5mm 
b) Sand; dried sand, with particle dimension ranges from ϴ200×50/0.71 to ϴ200×50/0.40; Bulk Density 
of 1.35-1.37gcm- 3  
c) Paper tube: rolled from sack paper. Cut the paper into a right angled trapezium. Use a round bar with 
24mm diameter to roll the paper from the right angled side; the bottom part extent 15mm-20mm from 
rod end face, fold the extension part as tube bottom 
d) Round paper board with holes: cut from the paper board; Thickness; 1.75±0.25mm; outer diameter: 
23.75±0.25mm; hole diameter: 7.5±0.1mm. 
e) Copper shell instantaneous detonator. 
f) Test sieve: ϴ200×50/0.71 square hole and ϴ200×50/0.40 square hole  
g) Volumetric Flasks: one 250ml flask and one 100ml flask; 1mm division value. 
h) h. Burette; 50ml, 0.1mm division value. 
i) Scale; 0.001g sensitivity 
j) Glass thermometer; measurement range: -300C-+500C; with 10c division value 
k) Initiator 
l) Brush 
m) Vernier Caliper: 0.02mm division value 
n) Experimental device: consists of lead block, explosive and detonator 
G.3 Preparations  
Add 10±0.1g emulsion explosive into paper tube and put the round paper board with holes into the paper tube; 
insert detonator directly. DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
14 © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 G.4 Operating Steps.  
G.4.1 Use water as the medium, test the lead block volume; dry the lead block and reserve.  
Measure the lead block temperature, and add explosive in the lead block; fill the surroundings with sand. 
Initiate.  
G.4.1 Clean the hole with help of the brush, and measure the hole volume. 
G.4.1 Calculation 
G.4.1 Formula;  
22) 1)( ( 1 2   K VV X
 
Where; 
X—Working Capacity of explosive (expanded volume of lead block); unit ml  
V2 – Lead block volume after explosion, unit: ml 
V1 – Lead block volume before expansion, unit: ml 
K – Correction factor of temperature 
22 -- Correction factor of detonator. 
Table 2—Temperature Correction Factor of Lead Block. 
Lead Block Temp. 0C  Correction Factor, %  Lead Block Temp, 0C  Correction Factor, %  
-30 +18 +5 +3.5 
-25 +16 +8 +2.5 
-20 +14 +10 +2.0 
-15 +12 +15 +0.0 
-10 +10 +20 -2.0 
-5 +7 +25 -4.0 
0 +5 +30 -6.0 
 
G.5 Data Processing  
Perform two Parallel tests for each sample and take the average value (accurate to 1ml). Of the tolerance of 
the parallel tests exceeds 20ml, do an additional test. If the average tolerance does not exceed 20ml for the 
three tests, take the average of the two smaller values. If the tolerance exceeds 20ml, the value collected is 
invalid. DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1: 2017 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  15 
 Annex H 
(normative) 
 
Sampling and compliance with this standard 
H.1 Sampling 
H.1.1 Preservation 
All sample shall be kept in water proof cont ainer/ polythene cover till they are taken for testing to protect  them 
from water and other atmospheric change s. 
H.1.2 Lot 
Cases of sluny/emulsion-based commercial blasting explosives of same variety (Permitted or non-Permitted), 
same type (Based on power) and same size belonging to different batches grouped together to constitute a lot 
Cartridges of emulsion/emulsion-based blasting explosives constituting sample shall be drawn from each lot 
separately for deciding the conformity of the lot to the requirements of the specification. 
H.1.3 Small Diameter Explosives 
Number of emulsion explosives cartridges to be selected at random from the lot shall depend on the lot size 
and shall be in accordance with Table 2. 
Table A.2 — Scale of Sampling of Emulsion Based Explosives 
Lot Size (mt)  Sample size  
Up to 10  10 No. of cartridges  
Up to 10 -20 20 No. of cartridges  
Above 20  30 No. of cartridges  
NOTE – Extra cartridges taken in case of larger lot size shall be used for repeating the following tests with addit ional  cartridges 
for confirmation of uniformity . 
 
H.1.4 Number o f Test s 
The number of cartridges to be drawn from e ach lot for carrying out various t ests s hall be a s given bel ow: 
Table A.3 — Number of samples required to carry out various test 
Test Method  Number of Samples  
gap sensitivity  2 
Velocity o f detonation unconfined. m/s 1 
Continuity of deton ation  5 
Density  1 
 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1 : 2017 
16 © UNBS 2017  – All rights reserved  
 H.1.5 Gallery Test 
Gallery test is a typ e of test and it i s not required to be c arried o ut on every lot , if the parti cular type of 
composition h as been tested and approved by competent authority . But repeat incendivity te st shall be done 
once in ever y two ye ars of each appro ved s ample of permitted explosive for checking its consistency  against 
safety. 
H.1.6 S cale o f Sample 
Sample s for g allery test s hall be carried out as in table below 
Table A.3 — Scale of Sampling of Emulsion Explo sives 
Lot Size mt  Samp le Size 
Up to 10  8 to 10 No. Of cartriges  
NOTE - All the tests shall be in accordance with 4.2.2  
 
H.2 Compliance with this standard 
The lot shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this standard, if taken in accordance with A.1, 
after inspection (see clause 5) and testing of the samples (see clause 6), for compliance with the requirements 
in clause 5, no defective is found . DRAFT FOR PUBLIC REVIEWDUS 1756-1: 2017 
© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  17 
 Bibliography 
[1] A.H.Begg, 2008. “Hazards in Emulsion Explosives Manufacture and Handling” EXSAR Consulting LTD  
[2] IS 15447 (Part 2): 2008 Indian Standard Commercial blasting explosives part 2 Emulsion/emulsion 
explosives —Specification 
[3] ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements 
[4] Hubei Kailong Chemical Group Handbook on Emulsion Explosives Production, 2016. 
[5] J.K Emulsion Explosives Technology Handbook, 2016 
[6] X.G.Wang, 2008. Emulsion Explosives, Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing, China. 
[7] X.H.Zhang, 2005. “Safety Evaluation Method of Explosives and Powders”, Proceedings of National 
Symposium on Explosion and Safety Technology, Chinese Ordnance Society. 
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© UNBS 2017 – All rights reserved  19 
 Certification marking 
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
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