WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
2 May 2017 
(17-2377) Page: 1/38 
Committee on Trade and Environment    
 
 
 
 
 
ENVIRONMENTAL DATABA SE FOR 2014 
NOTE BY THE SECRETAR IAT1 
1. The WTO Environmental Database (EDB) is prepared in response to a recommendation in 
the 1996 Report of the Committee on Trade and Environment (WT/CTE/1) for the Secretariat to 
compile and update annu ally all environment -related notifications to the WTO.2  
2. The EDB for 201 4 covers information on: (i) environment -related measures notified under  
WTO Agreements (Section 1); (ii) environment -related provisions of notified preferential or 
Regional Trade Agre ements (RTAs) (Section 2); and (iii) environment -related measures mentioned 
in Trade Policy Reviews (TPRs)  (Section  3).3  
3. Information in the EDB is drawn from the 3,773 notifications submitted by WTO Members 
and the 18 TPRs circulated in 201 4. The EDB is b eing circulated in two parts: this document,  
which contains a brief description and overall analysis of the environment -related notifications 
submitted by WTO Members and TPRs in 201 4; and the database exclusively  
circulated electronically under WT/CTE/E DB/14/Add.1, which provides the underlying data, charts, 
and tables used for the analysis. The EDB is available at the WTO website: 
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e/envdb_e .htm. 
4. The electronic data in WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 enables users to search through all EDB  
environment -related information according to specific criteria, for instance by Member, Agreement, 
type of measure, sector, or environmental objective.  The electroni c file is divided into two main 
worksheets:  "Notifications", listing all the environment -related notifications; and "TPRs", providing 
the environment -related information mentioned in TPRs.  In addition, a third worksheet entitled 
"Summary" is included to allow users to retrieve pre -defined summary tables and graphs for the 
period 199 7 - 2014. A detailed user's guide is included in Annex V to this document.  
_______________  
                                                
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice 
to the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO.  
2 Previous Environmental Databases have been circulated in the following documents: EDB 1996 in 
WT/CTE/W/46, EDB 1997 in WT/CTE/W/77, EDB 1998 in WT/CTE/W/118, EDB  1999 in WT/CTE/W/143, 
EDB 2000 in WT/CTE/W /195, EDB 2001 in WT/CTE/EDB/1, EDB 2002 in WT/CTE/EDB/2, EDB 2003 in 
WT/CTE/EDB/3, EDB 2004 in WT/CTE/EDB/4, EDB 2005 in WT/CTE/EDB/5, EDB 2006 in WT/CTE/EDB/6, 
EDB 2007 in WT/CTE/EDB/7, EDB 2008 in WT/CTE/EDB/8, EDB 2009 in WT/CTE/EDB/9 and Add.1, EDB 20 10 
in WT/CTE/EDB/10 and Add.1, EDB 2011 in  WT/CTE/EDB/11 and Add.1, EDB 2012 in  WT/CTE/EDB/12 and 
Add.1 , and EDB 201 3 in WT/CTE/EDB/1 3 and Add.1.  
3 The list of search words is contained in Annex I to this document. See also the following documents 
containi ng information on search words: WT/CTE/W/46, W T/CTE/W/78 and WT/CTE/W/102.  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS   
1   WTO NOTIFICATIONS  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
1.1   Regulatory Measures  ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 9 
1.1.1    Quantitative Restrictions  ................................ ................................ ............................  9 
1.1.2    Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures  ................................ ................................ 11 
1.1.3    Agreement on Safegua rds ................................ ................................ ......................... 12 
1.1.4    Anti-dumping  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 13 
1.1.5    Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade  ................................ ................................ ...14 
1.1.6    Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures  ........................... 15 
1.2   Support Measures  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......16 
1.2.1    Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures  ................................ .................. 16 
1.2.2    Agreement on Agriculture  ................................ ................................ ......................... 18 
1.2.3    Governme nt Procurement Agreement  ................................ ................................ ......... 19 
1.3   Other Measures  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 20 
1.3.1    General Agreement on Trade in Services  ................................ ................................ ....20 
1.3.2    Agreement on Trade -related Aspects of Intellectual Prope rty Rights  ............................... 21 
1.3.3    Customs Valuation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...21 
1.3.4    State Trading Enterprises  ................................ ................................ ......................... 22 
2   NOTIFICATIONS OF TRA DE AGREEMENTS  ................................ ................................ . 22 
2.1   Regional Trade Agreements  ................................ ................................ ......................... 22 
3   TRADE POLICY REVIEWS  ................................ ................................ ...........................  23 
3.1   TPR of WTO Members in 2014  ................................ ................................ ...................... 25 
4   ANNEXES  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  30 
Annex 1 - Environment -related Search Words  ................................ ................................ .......30 
Annex 2 - Number of Environment -related Notifications (1997 -2014)  ................................ .......31 
Annex 3 - Number of Environment -related Notifications and Measures (2014)  ........................... 32 
Annex 4 - Search Word Frequency in Notifications in 2014  ................................ ...................... 33 
Annex 5 - Electronic EDB User's Guide  ................................ ................................ .................. 34 
 WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
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  TABLE OF CHARTS  
Chart 1.1 - Environment -relate d Notifications (1997 – 2014)  ................................ ....................  4 
Chart 1.2 - Environment -related Notifications by Members (2014)  ................................ ............  5 
Chart 1.3 - Environment -relate d Notifications by Agreement (2014)  ................................ ..........  6 
Chart 1.4 - Types of Environment -related Objectives identified in the EDB (2014)  .......................  7 
Chart 1 .5 – Types of Measures identified in the EDB (2014)  ................................ ....................  8 
Chart 1.6 - Types of Sectors identified in the EDB (2014)  ................................ ........................  9 
Chart 1.7 - Environment -related QR Notifications (2005 – 2014)  ................................ ..............  9 
Chart 1.8 - Types of Environment -related Measures in QR Notifications (2014)  .......................... 10 
Chart 1.9 - Environment -related ILP Notifications (2005 – 2014)  ................................ ............. 11 
Chart 1.10 - Types of Environment -related Measures in ILP Notifications (2014)  ........................ 12 
Chart 1.11 - Environment -related Safeguards Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ................................ .13 
Chart 1.12 - Environment -related Anti -dumping Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ............................. 13 
Chart 1.13 - Environment -related TBT Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ................................ ........... 14 
Chart 1.14 - Types of Environment -related TBT Notifications (2014)  ................................ ........ 15 
Chart 1.15 - Environment -related SPS Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ................................ ........... 15 
Chart 1.16 - Types of Environment -related SPS Notifications (201 4) ................................ ........ 16 
Chart 1.17 - Environment -related SCM Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ................................ .......... 17 
Chart 1.18 - Types of Environment -related Measures in SCM Notifications (201 4) ...................... 18 
Chart 1.19 - Environment -related Agriculture Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ................................ .18 
Chart 1.20 - Types of En vironment -related Measures in Agriculture Notifications (2014)  ............. 19 
Chart 1.21 - Environment -related GPA Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ................................ ........... 20 
Chart 1.22 - Environment -related GATS Notifications (2005 – 2014)  ................................ ........ 20 
Chart 1.23 - Environment -related TRIPS Notifications (2005 – 2014)  ................................ .......21 
Chart 1.24 - Environment -related Customs Valuation Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ...................... 21 
Chart 1.25 - Environment -related State Trading Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ............................. 22 
Chart 2.1  - Environment -related RTA Notifications (2005 - 2014)  ................................ ............. 23 
Chart 3.1 - Types of Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (2014)  .......................... 24 
Chart 3.2 - Sectors Covered by Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (2014)  ........... 24 
 
 WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
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  1  WTO NOTIFICATIONS  
1.1.  In 201 4, of the 3,773 notifications submitted by WTO Members,4 14.6% or 551 notifications 
were environment -related. Between 1997 and 2014, there has been a sustained increase in the 
number of environment -related notifications to the WTO. The share of environment -related 
notifications as a percentage of t otal notifications has also grown over the same time period albeit 
with year -on-year fluctuations (see Chart 1.1).5  
Chart 1.1 - Environment -related Notifications (1997 – 2014) 
8.1%11.2%9.2%10.7%7.8%11.3%9.8% 10.8% 10.8%14.7%
13.5%13.4% 14.3% 13.2%15.8% 16.9% 17.5%14.6%165211
182245
186281
247 244311357 353395474453477569620
551
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Proportion of Environment-related Notifications Total Environment-related Notifications
 
1.2.  As shown in Chart 1.2, environ ment-related notifications have been submitted by WTO 
Members from all regions of the world and at all levels of development. Seventy four Members 
submitted notifications of environment -related measures in 2014, with Ecuador (79 notifications), 
the Europea n Union (55), the United  States (53), Rwanda (29) and Saudi Arabia (25) notifying the 
highest number of environment -related notifications.  
1.3.  Chart 1.3 illustrates the incidence of environment -related notifications across  
the WTO Agreements.6  As in previous  years, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 
continues to have the highest number of notifications (358), accounting for 65% of all WTO 
environment -related notifications in 2014.  A number of environment -related measures were also 
notified under th e Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures  Agreement (44), the Agreement on 
Agriculture  (42), the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures (38), and the Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures  Agreement (29 notifications).7  
 
                                                
4 This number includes regular notifications, as well as addenda, corrigenda and revisions, except in the 
case of TBT and SPS notifications where addenda  and corrigenda are not cove red. 
5 The drop in the number and share of environment -related notifications between 2013 to 2014 can be 
partially explained by the  modification in the search methodology for environment -related SPS notifications. 
See section 1.1.6 for more information.  
6 In 2014, environment -related notifications were identified under the: Agreement on Agriculture; 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 (Anti -dumping) ; Agreement on the 
Implementation of Article VII  of the GATT 1994 ( Customs Valuation ); the General Agreement on Trade in 
Services (GATS); Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA); Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures 
(ILP); the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV of the GATT 1994  (Regional Trade 
Agreements  (RTAs) ); Agree ment on Safeguards; Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary 
Measures (SPS); Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994 (State Trading 
Enterprises) ; Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM); Agree ment on Technical Barriers to 
Trade (TBT); Agreement on Trade -Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); and the  Decision on 
Notification Procedures fo r Quantitative Restrictions (QR ). 
7 No environment -related notifications were submitted und er the following WTO Agreements: 
Understanding on the Balance -of-Payments Provisions of the GATT  1994;  Agreement on Pre -shipment 
Inspection ; Agreement on Rules of Origin ; Agreement on Trade -Related Investment Measures ; the Informa tion 
Technology Agreement;  and other notifications such as preferential trade arrangements notified to the 
Committee on Trade and Development (CTD ). WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
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Chart 1.2 - Environment -related Notifications by Members (201 4) 
2453649101322111432512913263624831119213111347101537521621231635521793514410713111205911
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Viet NamUruguayUnited States of AmericaUnited Arab EmiratesUkraineUgandaTurkeyTrinidad and TobagoThailandChinese TaipeiSwitzerlandSri LankaSouth AfricaSingaporeSaudi ArabiaSamoaRwandaRussian FederationQatarPhilippinesPeruPanamaOmanNorwayNicaraguaNew ZealandNepalMontenegroMoldova, Republic ofMexicoMauritiusMaliMalaysiaMadagascarMacao, ChinaLiechtensteinLao, PDRKuwaitKorea, Republic ofKenyaJapanIsraelIndonesiaIndiaIcelandHungaryHong Kong, ChinaHondurasHaitiGuatemalaGhanaGermanyGeorgiaFranceEuropean UnionEl SalvadorEgyptEcuadorDominican RepublicCubaCôte d’IvoireCosta RicaColombiaChinaChileCanadaCabo VerdeBurundiBurkina FasoBrazilBahrainAustraliaAntigua and BarbudaAlbania
 
 
 WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
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  Chart 1.3 - Environment -related Notifications by Agreement (201 4) 
 
TBT, 358, 65%
Quantitative 
Restrictions, 15, 
2.7% SPS, 44, 8% RTAs, 4, 0.7%SCM, 29, 5.3%ILP, 38, 6.9%TRIPS, 5, 0.9%GPA, 5, 0.9%Agriculture, 42, 
7.6%GATS, 3, 0.5%Safeguards, 2, 
0.4%Customs Valuation, 
2, 0.4%Other notifications, 
4, 0.7%
 
 
1.4.  The environment -related notifications can be broadly grouped  into two categories. The first 
consists of notifications that mention environmental considerations as the principal objective of the 
notified measure. The second category includes notifications that are not primarily aimed at 
environmental protection, but  contain environment -related elements.  
1.5.  Furthermore, some notifications are made separately for each and every measure (such as 
most notifications under the TBT or SPS  Agreements) while others cover various or multiple 
measures in a single notification (su ch as SCM or agricultural subsidy notifications). In the latter 
case, the various measures are broken down and reported separately in the database.  
1.6.  The number of separate environment -related measures included in the EDB increased  
from 1197 measures in 20 13 to 1277 measures in 2014.  The TBT Agreement reported the  
highest number with 358  environment -related measures in 2014, followed by the Agriculture 
Agreement (334), SCM Agreement (276) and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures  
with 140 environm ent-related measures (see Annex III).  
1.7.  The environment -related measures in the 2014 notifications addressed a range of 
environmental objectives (see Chart 1.4) .  Several of the environment -related measures were 
broad in nature and pertained to  general envi ronmental protection (15.3%), natural resources 
conservation (12.5%), sustainable agriculture management (12.0%), chemical, toxic and 
hazardous substances management (11.9%)  and energy conservation and efficiency (11.8%) .  WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
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  Chart 1.4 - Types  of Environment -related Objectives  identified in the EDB  (201 4)8 
1.3%2.1%2.3%2.8%2.9%3.3%3.3%3.6%3.7%4.4%5.6%5.8%6.8%7.0%8.7%8.8%9.7%11.8%11.8%11.9%12.0%12.5%15.3%
1727303637424246475671748790111112124151151152153159196
Environmental protection from pests and diseasesSustainable forestry managementEnvironmental goods and services promotionAfforestation/reforestationSustainable fisheries managementSustainable and environmentally friendly productionAir pollution reductionOzone layer protectionClimate change mitigation and adaptationPlant protectionOther environmental risks mitigationAnimal protectionSoil managementWaste management and recyclingWater managementMEAs implementation and complianceBiodiversity and ecosystemAlternative and renewable energyEnergy conservation and efficiencyChemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementSustainable agriculture managementNatural resources conservationGeneral environmental protectionType of Objective
 
 
 
1.8.  In terms of types of measures (see Chart 1.5), technical regulation s or specifications 
accounted for the largest share in the 2014 EDB (28.2%), followed by grants and direct payments 
(16.7%), import licences (14.9%), conformity assessment procedures (12.7%), and non -monetary 
support such as training or research projects (12.3%).   These numbers are  not surprising as TBT  
measures , licensing requirements,  and su pport measures pursuant to the SCM Agreement or the 
Agreement on Agriculture account for the bulk of the environment -related measures  identified .      
                                                
8 Since more than one environmental objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100 per cent.  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
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  Chart 1.5 – Types of Measures identified in the EDB  (201 4)9 10 
0.1%0.1%0.1%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.3%0.3%0.4%0.5%0.5%0.8%0.8%0.8%0.9%2.9%4.2%5.6%6.3%7.4%7.6%12.3%12.7%14.9%16.7%28.2%
1112224456710101011375371819497157162190213360
Import tariffsIncome or price supportOther measuresAnti-dumping measure / investigationExport quotasSafeguard measure / investigationEnvironmental provisions in trade agreementsQuarantine requirementsOther support measuresRisk assessmentIntellectual property measuresOther environmental requirementsPublic procurementRegulation affecting movement or transitImport quotasCountervailing measure / investigationBan/ProhibitionLoans and financingNot specifiedExport licencesTax concessionsNon-monetary supportConformity assessment proceduresImport licencesGrants and direct paymentsTechnical regulation or specificationsType of Measure
 
 
1.9.  In the sectoral analysis, the sector that was most frequently associated with notified 
environment -related measures was agriculture with 33% of all the identified measures. Other 
sectors covered in the 2014 EDB include, inter alia , manufacturing (20 %), energy (16.1%), 
chemicals (11.7%)  and services (11.4%). Forestry (5.5%) and fisheries (4.5%) were also among 
the sectors covered.  Around 2.5%  of the environment -related measures applied to all products or 
economic activities (see Chart 1.6).  
                                                
9 Since more than one type of measure can be mentioned in a notified EDB entry,  the total number may 
exceed 100 per cent.  
10 The harmonized categories "types of measures" and "types of sectors" were updated in the 2014 
EDB. See Annex V , Section III  for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or 
sectors.  WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
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  Chart 1.6 - Types of  Sectors identified in the EDB  (201 4)11 12 
32577089116146150206256421
2.5%4.5%5.5%7.0%9.1%11.4%11.7%16.1%20.0%33.0%
All products/economic activitiesFisheriesForestryNot specifiedOtherServicesChemicalsEnergyManufacturingAgricultureType of Sector subject to Measure
 
1.10.   In 2014, the search words most commonly found in the environment -related measures 
notified continued to be "environment" (found in 53.2% of all environment -related notifications), 
"energy" (27.2%), and "bio" (10.9%). Other frequently mentioned search words include 
''hazardous'' (9.6%), "conserv(ation)" (8.9%) and "organic" (8.5%) (see Annex IV for the search 
word frequency in notifications).  
1.1  Regulatory Measu res 
1.1.1   Quantitative Restrictions  
1.11.   In 2014, of the 22 notifications submitted by Members pursuant to the Council for Trade in 
Goods Decision on Notification Procedures for Quantitative Restrictions (QR), 15 (68% of all QR 
notifications) were environment -relate d (see Chart 1.7). These 15 notifications referred  
to 95  distinct environment -related measures.  
Chart 1.7 - Environment -related QR Notifications (2005 – 2014)13 
17%25%50%
33%
25%17%25%93%
50%68%
1234
21213
515
Share of environment-related QR notifications Number of environment-related QR notifications
 
 
1.12.   As illustrated in Chart 1.8, the sectors cove red by the notified environment -related QR 
measures included: chemicals, such as ozone depleting or hazardous substances  (38%); fisheries 
(12%); manufacturing (6%); and forestry (5%).  
                                                
11 Since more than one sector  can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total number may exceed 
100 per cent.  
12 The harmonized categories "types of measures" and "types of sectors"  were updated in the 2014 
EDB. See Annex V , Section III  for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or 
sectors.  
13 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 199 7 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/1 4/Add.1.  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
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  1.13.   Import licences and export licences were mentioned in 67% of the notifi ed environment -
related QR  measures. Other types of measures reported in 2014 included: ban/prohibition (28%); 
import quotas (3%); and export quotas (2%).  
1.14.   In terms of objectives, multilateral environment agreements ( MEAs ) implementation  
and compliance wer e cited in 55% of all the notified environment -related QR measures. These 
MEAs include CITES, the Montreal Protocol, Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention and the 
Stockholm Convention. Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances management was mentioned  
in 33% of all notified environment -related QR measures. Other environmental objectives included 
natural resources conservation (19%), animal protection (19%)  and waste management and 
recycling (15%).  
1.15.   Members that submitted the most environment -related QR meas ures were: the United 
States (15 measures in one notification); New Zealand (12 measures in one notification); and the 
Russian Federation (11 measures in one notification).  
Chart 1.8 - Types of Environment -related Measures in QR Notifications (201 4)14 
11%14%15%19%19%33%55%2%3%4%28%67%67%5%6%6%12%36%38%
10131418183152234276464566113436
Ozone layer protectionPlant protectionWaste management and recyclingAnimal protectionNatural resources conservationChemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementMEAs implementation and complianceexport quotasImport quotasNot specifiedBan/ProhibitionExport licencesImport licencesForestryManufacturingNot specifiedFisheriesOtherChemicalsType of Objective Type of Measure Type of Sector
 
 
                                                
14 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100 per cent.  See WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 for the full breakdown by sector, measure  or 
objective . WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
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  1.1.2   Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures  
1.16.   In 2014, of the 99 notifications submitted by Members under the ILP Agreement, 38  were 
environment -related (see Chart 1.9). These 38 notifications referred to 140 distin ct environment -
related measures.  
Chart 1.9 - Environment -related  ILP Notifications (200 5 – 2014)15 
33% 31%20%39%
28% 29% 29%35%
24%38%1519
132023212330
2338
Share of environment-related ILP notifications Number of environment-related ILP notifications
 
 
1.17.   As indicated in Chart 1. 10, the sectors covered by notified environment -related ILP 
measures included: chem icals, such as ozone depleting substances and radioactive substances 
(34% ); energy (11 %); agriculture (9 %); manufacturing (8%) ; and forestry (5%).  
1.18.   On types of measures, import and export licen ces accounted for 90% and 21% of the 2014 
environment -related I LP measures respectively, while 16% of the notified measures referred to a 
ban or prohibition.  
1.19.   In terms of objectives, compliance with obligations under MEAs, such as CITES, the Basel 
Convention and the Montreal Protocol, was stated as the environmental ob jective of 41% of the 
notified environment -related ILP  measures. Other environment -related objectives included 
chemical, toxic and hazardous substances management  (33%), ozone layer protection  (24%) and 
waste management and recycling ( 19%). 
1.20.   Members that su bmitted the most environment -related ILP measures  were: Malaysia  
(26 measures in three notifications); the Philippines (21 measures in two notifications); and the 
Russian Federation (18 measures in three notifications).   
                                                
15 The most rece nt 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
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  Chart 1.10 - Types of Environment -related Measures in ILP Notifications (201 4)16 
4%4%4%6%6%8%9%13%19%24%33%41%0.7%1.4%3%3%3%16%21%90%5%8%9%11%16%16%34%
55688111318273346571244423301267111216232348
Sustainable agriculture managementSustainable forestry managementOther environmental risks mitigationBiodiversity and ecosystemNatural resources conservationGeneral environmental protectionPlant protectionAnimal protectionWaste management and recyclingOzone layer protectionChemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementMEAs implementation and complianceImport tariffsNot specifiedImport quotasOther environmental requirementsRegulation affecting movement or transitBan/ProhibitionExport licencesImport licencesForestryManufacturingAgricultureEnergyNot specifiedOtherChemicalsType of Objective Type of Measure Type of Sector
 
 
1.1.3   Agreement on Safeguards  
1.21.   In 2014, of the 110 notifications submitted by Members under the Agreement on 
Safeguards, only two were environment -related (see Chart 1. 11). The environment -related 
objectives of these two notifications are energy conservation and efficiency as well as waste 
management and recycling.  
                                                
16 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100 per c ent. See WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 for the full breakdown by sector, measure  or 
objective . WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
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  Chart 1.11 - Environment -related Safeguards Notifications (2 005 - 2014)17 
1%3%2% 2% 2%1
0 0 0 0 02 2 2 2
Share of environment-related Safeguards notifications Number of environment-related Safeguards notifications
 
 
 
1.1.4   Anti-dumping  
1.22.   In recent  years, there has been no environment -related notification in this area.  
However, i n 2014, of the 120 anti -dumping notifications submitted by Members under the 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1 994, two (2%) were environment -related 
(see Chart 1.12). The environment -related objectives of these two notifications are the promotion 
of sustainable and environmentally friendly production.  
Chart 1.12 - Environment -related Anti -dumping Notifications (2005 - 2014)18 
2%0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02
Share of environment-related Anti-dumping notifications Number of environment-related Anti-dumping notifications
 
                                                
17 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . 
18 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
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1.1.5   Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade  
1.23.   In 2014, of the 1,558 regular TBT notifications submitted by Members19, 358 (23%) were 
environment -related (see Chart 1.13). The TBT Agreement continues  to be the agreement under 
which most environment -related notifications are submitted (on average 186 environment -related 
TBT notifications have been submitted annually over the period 1997 -2014).  
Chart 1.13 - Environment -related TBT Notifications (200 5 - 2014)20 
16% 18% 16% 19% 18% 19% 22% 23% 24% 23%121155168238274 270 268353384
358
Share of environment-related TBT notifications Number of environment-related TBT notifications
 
1.24.   As indicated in Chart 1.14, the sector most frequently associated with the 2014 
environment -related TBT notifications was manufacturing (60% of the notifications). Other sectors 
covered included: chem icals (16%); agriculture (13%); and energy (4%). Six per cent of the 
measures did not specify any particular sector or product.  
1.25.   On types of measures, technical regulation or specifications (95%) and conformity 
assessment procedures (44%)  accounted for most  of the 2014 environment -related TBT 
measures . Only one TBT notification did not specify any particular measure.    
1.26.   In terms of objectives, energy conservation and efficiency was the most frequent 
environmental objective mentioned in 31% of the environment -related TBT notifications. Other 
environmental objectives included general environmental protection (25%), chemical, toxic and 
hazardous substances management (15%)  and climate change mitigation  and adaptation (7%).  
1.27.   In 2014, Members that submitted the most  environment -related TBT notifications were 
Ecuador (78), the European Union (39) and the United States (38).  
                                                
19 This number only includes regular notifications but excludes adde nda and corrigenda.  
20 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the  chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
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  Chart 1.14 - Types of Environment -related TBT Notifications (201 4)21 
4%5%5%6%6%6%7%15%25%31%0.3%44%95%4%6%13%16%60%
131717202123245290110115834116204657214
Biodiversity and ecosystemSustainable agriculture managementWaste management and recyclingAir pollution reductionAnimal protectionPlant protectionClimate change mitigation and adaptationChemical, toxic and hazardous substances managementGeneral environmental protectionEnergy conservation and efficiencyNot specifiedConformity assessment proceduresTechnical regulation or specificationsEnergyNot specifiedAgricultureChemicalsManufacturingType of ObjectiveType of
Measure Type of Sector
 
 
 
1.1.6   Agreement on the Applicati on of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures  
1.28.   In 2014, of the 1,169 regular SPS notifications22, 44 (4%) were environment -related (see 
Chart 1.15). The share of environment -related SPS notifications dropped from 12% in 2013  
to 4% due to a modified approach23 used for identifying environment -related SPS notifications  
in 2014.  
Chart 1.15 - Environment -related SPS Notifications  (200 5 - 2014)24 
8% 16% 12% 9% 11% 8% 8% 11% 12% 4%105140
98
84 81 837691107
44
Share of environment-related SPS notifications Number of environment-related SPS notifications
 
 
 
1.29.   As illustrated in Chart 1.16, the sectors that were most frequently as sociated with the 2014 
environment -related SPS  notifications were agriculture covered in 48% of the notifications, 
followed by chemicals (14%), fisheries (7%) and services (5%). About  27% of the measures did 
not specify any particular sector or product.  
                                                
21 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100  per cent. See WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 for th e full breakdown by sector, measure  or 
objective . 
22 This number only includes regular noti fications but excludes addenda and corrigenda.  
23 There was a modification in the search methodology for SPS notifications. Only the environment -
related content in the  "description" of the SPS notification was considered for inclusion in the EDB 2014.  
24 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 16 - 
 
  1.30.   On types of measures, technical regulation or specifications accounted for 39% of the 
environment -related SPS notifications. Other SPS measures included risk assessment (14%), 
transit regulation s (9%), quarantine requirements (9%)  and conformity assessment procedures 
(9%). Around 9% of SPS measures reported did not specify any particular measure.  
1.31.   In terms of objectives, environmental risks mitigation (23%) and biodiversity and 
ecosystem (23%) were the most common  environmental objectives . Other environmenta l 
objectives included environmental protection from pests and diseases (14%), waste management 
and recycling (11%) and sustainable agriculture management (11%).  
1.32.   In 2014, Members that submitted the most environment -related SPS notifications were: 
Brazil ( five); Australia ( four); and Turkey ( four). 
Chart 1.16 - Types of Environment -related SPS Notifications (2014)25 
11%11%14%23%23%7%9%9%9%9%14%39%7%9%14%27%48%
5561010344446173461221
Sustainable agriculture managementWaste management and recyclingEnvironmental protection from pests and diseasesOther environmental risks mitigationBiodiversity and ecosystemOther environmental requirementsConformity assessment proceduresNot specifiedQuarantine requirementsRegulation affecting movement or transitRisk assessmentTechnical regulation or specificationsFisheriesOtherChemicalsNot specifiedAgricultureType of
Objective Type of Measure Type of Sector
 
 
 
1.2  Support Measures  
1.2.1   Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures  
1.33.   In 2014, of the 110 notif ications submitted by Members under the SCM  
Agreement, 29 (26%) were environment -related (see Chart 1.17). These 29 notifications referred 
to a total of 276 distinct environment -related measures. Over the period 1997 -2014, the number 
of environment -relate d SCM notifications has  fluctuated considerably year -on-year, with an 
average of around 26 notifications per year.  
                                                
25 Since more than one activity/measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100  per cent. See WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 for the full breakdown by sector, measure  or 
objective . WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
- 17 - 
  Chart 1.17 - Environment -related SCM Notifications (200 5 - 2014)26 
16%
8%20%
5%22%
7%34%
16%30%26%27
833
540
847
1748
29
Share of environment-related SCM notifications Number of environment-related SCM notifications
 
1.34.   As illustrated in Chart 1. 18, the energy sector accounted for 53% of all notified 
environment -related SCM measures . Other sectors or activities covered in 2014 included fisheries 
(13%)  and manufacturing  (9%).  
1.35.   The notified environment -related SCM measures predominantly took the for m of grants and 
direct payments (40%). Other forms of support included tax concessions  (35%)  and loans and 
financing (15%).  
1.36.   In terms of objectives, the most frequently mentioned environmental objectives among SCM 
measures were the promotion of alternative and renewable energy (46%), sustainable fisheries 
management (10%), and energy conservation and efficiency (10%).  
1.37.   Members that notified the most environment -related SCM measures in 2014 were: the 
United States (175 measures in three notifications); the Eu ropean Union (66 measures in nine 
notifications); and India (nine measures in three notifications).  
                                                
26 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Chart 1.18 - Types of Environment -related Measures in SCM Notifications (201 4)27 
6%6%6%8%8%8%9%10%10%46%13%15%35%40%5%8%8%9%13%17%53%
161617222323252727127374297110132122243546145
Climate change mitigation and adaptationEnvironmental goods and services promotionAir pollution reductionSustainable and environmentally friendly productionBiodiversity and ecosystemWaste management and recyclingGeneral environmental protectionEnergy conservation and efficiencySustainable fisheries management (aquaculture)Alternative and renewable energyCountervailing measure / investigationLoans and financingTax concessionsGrants and direct paymentsAll products/economic activitiesNot specifiedAgricultureManufacturingFisheriesOtherEnergyType of Objective Type of Measure Type of Sector
 
 
1.2.2   Agreement on Agriculture  
1.38.   In 2014, of the 210 notifications submitted by Members under the Agreement on 
Agriculture, 42 (20%) were environment -related (see Chart 1.19). These 42 notifications referred 
to a total of 334 distinct environment -related measures. Compared to 2013, the nu mber of 
environment -related agriculture notifications increased from 34 to 42 in 2014, while the 
environment -related measures reported in these notifications increased from 244 to 334.    
Chart 1.19 - Environme nt-related Agriculture Notifications (200 5 - 2014)28 
17% 19%29%
18% 17%25% 24% 22% 25%20%252434
243649
4445
3442
Share of environment-related Agriculture notifications Number of environment-related Agriculture notifications
 
                                                
27 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100  per cent. See WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 for the full breakdown by a ctivity, measure  or 
objective . 
28 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
- 19 - 
  1.39.   As indicated in Chart 1.20, most environment -related agriculture measures pertained 
directly to the agriculture sector (95%). However, there were environment -related agriculture 
measures, in which servi ces, forestry and the energy sector  were also mentioned.  
1.40.   On types of measures, the environment -related agriculture measures in 2014 included non -
monetary domestic support measures, such as training, advisory services or research programs 
(44%), grants and  direct payments (31%), as well as loans and financing (9%).  
1.41.   In terms of objectives, natural resources conservation was mentioned in 36% of all 
environment -related measures notified under the Agreement on Agriculture in 2014.  Other 
objectives included su stainable agriculture management (35%) , soil management (21%), 
biodiversity and ecosystem (19%)  and general environmental protection (19%).  
1.42.    Members that notified the most environment -related agricultural measures were: the 
United States (85 measures in s even notifications); Peru (74 measures in one notification); and 
Madagascar (26 measures in one notification).  
Chart 1.20 - Types of Environment -related Measures in Agriculture Notifications  (2014 )29 
3%4%5%7%9%10%19%19%21%35%36%9%20%31%44%7%14%40%95%
11141722313362637111612129661031472446133318
Environmental goods and services promotionSustainable forestry managementSustainable and environmentally friendly productionAlternative and renewable energyOther environmental risks mitigationAfforestation/reforestationGeneral environmental protectionBiodiversity and ecosystemSoil managementSustainable agriculture managementNatural resources conservationLoans and financingNot specifiedGrants and direct paymentsNon-monetary supportEnergyForestryServicesAgricultureType of ObjectiveType of
MeasureType of
Sector
 
 
1.2.3   Govern ment Procurement Agreement  
1.43.   In 2014, of the 27 notifications submitted under the plurilateral Agreement on Government 
Procurement (GPA), five notifications (four by Japan and one by the United States) were 
environment related (see Chart 1.21). The objectiv es of these notifications related to chemical, 
toxic and hazardous substances management, climate change mitigation and adaptation, energy 
conservation and efficiency and environmental goods and services promotion.  
                                                
29 Since more than one activity /measure/objective can be mentioned in a notified measure, the total 
number may exceed 100  per cent. See WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 for the full breakdown by activity, measure  or 
objective . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 20 - 
 
   
Chart 1.21 - Environment -related GPA Notifications (200 5 - 2014)30 
45%40% 38%57%62%
9% 13%8% 13%19%54 3818
3
2 1 25
Share of environment-related GPA notifications Number of environment-related GPA notifications
 
 
 
1.3  Other Measures  
1.3.1   General Agreement on Trade in Services  
1.44.   In 2014, of the 75 notifications submitted by Members pursuant to the GATS, three were 
environment -related (see Chart 1.22) . The objective of these notifications by the European Union 
(two) and South Africa (one) related to, inter alia , air pollution reduction, biodiversity and 
ecosystem, chemical and hazardous substances management, energy conservation and efficiency, 
and was te management and recycling.  
Chart 1.22 - Environment -related GATS Notifications (200 5 – 2014)31 
2% 3% 4% 3% 5% 2% 4%1 1
0 0 02
13
13
Share of environment-related GATS notifications Number of environment-related GATS notifications
 
 
                                                
30 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see  WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . 
31 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
- 21 - 
  1.3.2   Agreement on Trade -related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights  
1.45.   In 2014, of the 96 notifications submitted  by Members under Article 63.2 of the  
TRIPS Agreement, five (5%) contained environment -related provisions referring to, inter alia , the 
non-patentability exception (see Chart 1.23). These notifications were submitted by Bahrain 
(three), the Separate Custo ms Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu  (one) and 
Switzerland (one).  
Chart 1.23 - Environment -related TRIPS Notifications (200 5 – 2014)32 
3% 5% 4% 5% 2% 8% 14% 3% 4% 5%2 237
289
49
5
Share of environment-related TRIPS notifications Number of environment-related TRIPS notifications
 
 
1.3.3   Customs Valuation  
1.46.   In 2014, of the 23 customs valuation notif ications submitted by Members, two (9%) were 
environment -related (see Chart 1.24). The objectives of the two notifications by the Russian 
Federation related to, inter alia , animal protection, chemical, toxic and hazardous substances 
management, plant prote ction, and other environmental risks mitigation.  
Chart 1.24 - Environment -related Customs Valuation Notifications (200 5 - 2014)33 
8%23%
15%
9%1
0 0 0 0 0 03
2 2
Share of environment-related Customs Valuation notifications Number of environment-related Customs Valuation notifications
 
                                                
32 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series co vering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . 
33 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 22 - 
 
   
1.3.4   State Trading Enterprises  
1.47.   In 2014, of the 51 notifications submitted under t he Understanding on the Interpretation of 
Article XVII of the GATT 1994 (State Trading Enterprises), two  (4%) were environment -related 
(see Chart 1.25). The United States submitted a notification referring to exclusive or special rights 
or privileges relat ed to distribution of energy in order to provide or manage water for, among other 
things, irrigation, flood control, and environmental enhancement. The other notification, submitted 
by Cabo Verde, aimed at facilitating environment protection by regulating the terms and conditions 
of production and importation of tobacco products.  
Chart 1.25 - Environment -related State Trading  Notifications (200 5 - 2014)34 
8% 3% 4% 5% 10% 4%1 1
01
04
04
02
Share of environment-related State Trading notifications Number of environment-related State Trading notifications
 
 
 
2  NOTIFICATIONS OF TRA DE AGREEMENTS  
2.1  Regional Trade Agre ements  
2.1. In 2014, of the 19 RTA notifications submitted by Members pursuant to the Understanding 
on the Interpretation of Article  XXIV of the GATT 1994, four (21%) were environment -related (see 
Chart 2.1) . In particular, these notifications alluded to  specific chapters or provisions in the RTAs 
related to trade and sustainable development or trade and environment.35  
2.2. The four notifications involve d both de veloped and developing country Members , and 
referred to the Trade Agreement between China and  Switzerland , the Trade Agreement between 
Chile and Hong Kong, China , the Trade Agreement among Costa Rica, Panama, Iceland, 
Liechtenstein, Norway and  Switzerland, and the Trade Agreement between Republic of Korea and 
Australia . These Trade Agreements establish ed cooperation on trade and sustainable development, 
through  policies and practices related to all products/economic activities . 
                                                
34 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the char t. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . 
35 The statistics only reflect information captured through keywords  in the text of the notification.  For 
further analysis of the RTAs notified to the GATT/WTO since 1 957, see WTO ERSD Working Paper (2016), 
"Typology of Environment -Related Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements ". Available at: 
https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201613_ e.htm .  WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
- 23 - 
  Chart 2.1 - Environment -related RTA Notifications (200 5 - 2014)36 
11% 13% 15% 9% 5% 5%21% 0 0 04 4 4
3
2 24
Share of environment-related RTA notifications Number of environment-related RTA notifications
 
 
 
3  TRADE POLICY REVIE WS 
3.1.  The EDB covers information on the environment -related policies, measures or programmes 
contained in the Secretariat and Government Trade Policy Review (TPR) reports. Environment -
related information is usually found in the following sections of the TPRs:  trade policy framework; 
trade policies and practices by measure; and trade policies by selected sector.  
3.2.  Eighteen TPRs were circulated in 2014 . There were 721 entries with references to 
environment -related policies, measures or sectors in these TPRs.37 The highest number of 
environment -related entries were found in the TPRs  of China (78), followed by Hong Kong, China 
(60), United States (57), Mauritius (56)  and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, 
Kinmen and Matsu (hereinafter  referred to as Ch inese Taipei)  with 50 entries . Examples of 
environment -related entries identified in the TPRs are presented in Section 3.1 below . 
3.3.  Chart 3.1  provides a detailed breakdown of the types of environment -related measures 
reported in the TPRs.  E nvironment -relate d measures most frequently mentioned in the TPRs of 
2014 were bans and prohibitions (17.8%), tax concessions (10.9%), technical regulation or 
specifications (10.4%) , import licences (9.3%)  and export licences (8.5%) .   
                                                
36 The most recent 10 year period is covered in the chart. For the full EDB time series covering the 
period 1997 to 2014 see WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . 
37 The number of environment -related TPR entries corresponds to the number of times particular 
environm ent-related policies, measures or programmes are mentioned in the Secretariat or Government TPR 
Reports.  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 24 - 
 
  Chart 3.1 - Type s of Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (2014 ) 
Ban/Prohibition, 65, 17.8%
Conformity assessment 
procedures, 6, 1.6%
Export licences, 31, 8.5%
Export quotas, 2, 0.5%
Export tariffs, 4, 1.1%
Grants and direct payments, 
18, 4.9%
Import licences, 34, 9.3%
Import quotas, 3, 0.8%
Import tariffs, 1, 0.3%
Income or price support, 5, 
1.4%Intellectual property 
measures, 7, 1.9%Loans and financing, 13, 
3.6%Non-monetary support, 5, 
1.4%Not specified, 18, 4.9%Other environmental 
requirements, 13, 3.6%Other measures, 12, 3.3%Other price and market 
based measures, 26, 7.1%Other support measures, 7, 
1.9%Public procurement, 7, 1.9%Quarantine requirements, 1, 
0.3%Risk assessment, 9, 2.5%Services requirements, 1, 
0.3%Tax concessions, 40, 10.9%Technical regulation or 
specifications, 38, 10.4%
 
 
 
3.4.  Regarding environment -related trade policies by sector, the most frequently mentioned 
sectors were energy (28% of the sector entries), followed by agriculture (21%), f isheries (20%), 
services (12%) and forestry (10%) (see Chart 3.2).  
Chart 3.2 - Sectors Covered by Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (201 4) 
Agriculture, 40, 21%
Chemicals, 1, 1%
Energy, 53, 28%
Fisheries, 37, 20%Forestry, 19, 10%Manufacturing, 6, 3%Mining, 8, 4%Other, 2, 1%Services, 23, 12%
 
 WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
- 25 - 
   
3.1  TPR of  WTO  Members in  2014  
3.5.  Eighteen TPRs were circul ated in 2014, namely (in alphabetical order): Bahrain; Barbados; 
Brunei Darussalam; China; Djibouti; Ghana; Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Mauritius; Mongolia; 
Myanmar; Oman; Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States (OECS); Panama; Qatar; Chinese 
Taipei; Tonga; and the United States of America (US) .  
3.6.  The environment -related TPR entries of members are reported under  the headings : trade 
policy framework; trade policies and practices by measure; and trade policy by sector.  In general, 
trade policy framework entries include information on government environmental policies, plans, 
programmes and investment policies. Environment -related trade policies and practices by measure 
include environmental requirements and QRs (e.g. bans and prohibitions, import and expor t 
licences, conformity assessment procedures  and technical regulation or specifications ); price and 
market based measures  (e.g. import/export tariffs, and import/export quotas ); and support 
measures (e.g. grants and direct payments, loans and financing, ta x concessions, non -monetary 
support measures, income or price support, and public procurement) . The environment -related 
sectors mentioned in the 2014 TPRs include agriculture,  chemicals, energy,  fisheries, forestry, 
manufacturing, mining, and services . 
3.7.  The TPR of Bahrain38 includes 14 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: Bahrain's Economic Vision 2030 aimed at achieving 
sustainable development; and environmental provisions in the Pan Arab Free -Trade Area ( PAFTA) 
Treaty  and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Bahrain and the United States . On 
environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : Bahrain's import restrictions for 
environmental protection; and the prohibitions on investment in storage and dumping of 
radioactive materials and toxic waste . In the sectoral analysis of the TPR, reference is made, inter 
alia, to Bahrain's aim to ensure high standards of energy efficiency and promote renewable energy 
(e.g. solar and wind energy).  
3.8.  The TP R of Barbados39 includes 31 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: provisions on environmental protection  in the CARIFORUM -
EU Economic Partnership Agreement  and Canada -CARICOM Trade Agreement ; and Barbados'  
Innovation Fund investing in  environmental, waste management and energy conservation projects. 
On environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : Barbados' elimination of an 
environmental levy on imported goods; restrictions on import and  export of ozone -depleting 
substances ; and 150% tax rebate given to manufacturing firms for recognized environmental 
certification. Regarding the sectoral analysis of the TPR, entries include Barbados' sustainable 
management and conservation of fisheries r esources, and the promotion of renewable and 
alternative energy (e.g. solar energy, and energy generated from waste).  
3.9.  The TPR of Brunei Darussalam40 includes 33 environment -related entries. Examples of the 
policy framework entries in the TPR include: Brunei 's commitments on environmental services in 
its regional trade agreements with Australia and New Zealand, ASEAN member States and the 
Republic of Korea, and Japan; and its strategy to ensure the proper conservation of its natural 
environment. On environmen t-related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : Brunei's 
mandatory fishing boat registration requirement to combat illegal, unreported and  
unregulated (IUU) fishing; changes in excise rates to encourage the use of energy -efficient and 
environmental ly-friendly vehicles; and a feed -in-tariff scheme to promote renewable energy. In 
the sectoral analysis, TPR entries include: Brunei's action plan to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU 
fishing, and programmes to sustain fisheries resources and the marine env ironment; its Selective 
Felling System and plantation programmes aiming to ensure the conservation of biological 
diversity in the local timber industry; and the promotion of sustainable green tourism.  
3.10.   The TPR of China41 includes 78 environment -related entri es. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: the government's priority to invest in energy conservation, 
emission reduction, and ecological environment ; China's efforts to control air pollution by closing 
                                                
38 WT/TPR/G/294  and WT/TPR/S/294/Rev.1 . 
39 WT/TPR/G/308  and WT/TPR/S/308 . 
40 WT/TPR/G/309  and WT/TPR/S/309 . 
41 WT/TPR/G/300  and WT/TPR/S/300/Rev.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 26 - 
 
  outdated production capacity in  high emission industries (e.g.  steel, cement and electrolytic 
aluminium ), and accelerating the use of clean production technologies; and foreign investment 
policies that encourage pollution reduction, natural resources conservation, and environment 
protec tion. On  environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : technical 
regulations  and standards for environment al protection; the government's environmental risk 
assessment when examining investment projects; preferential tax treatment for qu alified projects 
relating  to environmental protection, energy and water conservation ; and the use of feed -in tariffs, 
tax refund and exemptions to promote renewable energy. In the sectoral analysis of the TPR, 
reference is made to environment -related produ cts in the manufacturing sector (e.g. 
green/environmental protective and special clothing, and bio fibre). Other entries include: the 
permission to invest in marine oil pollution clean -up services; and interest payments on loans for 
irrigation projects aim ed at saving water.  
3.11.   The TPR of Djibouti42 includes 15 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: Djibouti's Economic and Social Policy Law  whose objectives 
include the rational exploitation of natural resources  to enhance and protect the environment and 
biodiversity . On environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : export licensing 
scheme and import quotas pursuant to Djibouti's commitments under the CITES and the Montreal 
Protocol ; and specia l authorization  requirement for the import of toxic or hazardous substances . 
Regarding the sectoral analysis, TPR entries describe Djibouti's efforts to promote rational 
exploitation of fishery resources and new fisheries management methods to protect the 
environment and combat IUU fishing. Other TPR entries include Djibouti's geothermal, solar , and 
wind power  potential for electricity generation.  
3.12.   The TPR of Ghana43 includes 26 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: the reflection of environment protection and sustainable 
development promotion in Ghana's policy objectives and development plans; and the 
government's control over trade under environment -related international conventions to which it is 
a signato ry (e.g. CITES, the Montreal Protocol, and the Basel Convention ). On environment -related 
measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : the Environmental Excise Tax levied on imports and 
sales of plastics ; the requirement to implement reforestation plans fol lowing logging; and licensing 
requirement for imports and exports of wildlife and chemicals. Regarding environment -related 
trade policies by sector, TPR entries include: Ghana's priority to improve fisheries governance to 
combat illegal fishing practices; the restoration of degraded forest; the elimination of fossil fuel 
subsidy since 2005; and development projects to mitigate the effects of mining on the 
environment.  
3.13.   The TPR of Hong Kong, China44 includes 60 environment -related entries. Examples of the 
policy framework entries in the TPR include: Hong Kong's development of environment al 
infrastructure facilities and schemes to encourage the adoption of clean technologies ; the inclusion 
of environmental services in the FTAs that Hong Kong, China signed with C hile, the European Free 
Trade Association (EFTA) member states, Mainland China, and  New Zealand; and Hong Kong, 
China's participation in negotiations on environmental goods. On  environment -related measures , 
the TPR entries cover, inter alia : Hong Kong's pr ohibitions on imports of ozone -depleting 
substances  and hazardous waste ; standards and technical requirements to control air pollution and 
protect the ozone layer; and registration tax reductions and exemptions for electric and 
environment -friendly vehicle s. Regarding environment -related trade policies by sector, the TPR 
describes Hong Kong, China's support for sustainable fisheries management and conservation; and 
the promotion of organic agriculture and renewable energy.  
3.14.   The TPR of Malaysia45 includes 44 e nvironment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: Malaysia's goal to achieve sustainable development; 
provisions on environment in the FTAs between Malaysia and Australia, and New Zealand; and the 
country's shift towa rds high technology, knowledge -based and capital -intensive industries such as 
green technologies. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia : tax 
incentives and loans for environment conservation and protection; and import licensing  
requirements for CITES. In the sectoral analysis, several TPR entries describe Malaysia's energy 
                                                
42 WT/TP R/G/305  and WT/TPR/S/305 . 
43 WT/TPR/G/298  and WT/TPR/S/298/Rev.1 . 
44 WT/TPR/G/306  and WT/TPR/S/306 . 
45 WT/TPR/G/292/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/292/Rev.2 . WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
- 27 - 
  mix and its efforts to promote renewable energy. Other entries include: Malaysia's goal to develop 
the mining and fisheries sectors in a sustainable, environm entally sound and responsible manner; 
and the environmental impact assessment requirement for agriculture projects.  
3.15.   The TPR of Mauritius46 includes 56 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: the Maurice Ile Durable Project  with actions addressing 
pollution and other environmental issues; and provisions on natural resources and the cooperation 
on environment in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)  FTA and the 
European Union – Eastern and Southern African States Interim Economic Partnership Agreement 
(IEPA) . On environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : a levy scheme based 
on the CO 2 emission of motor cars; excise duty based on energy efficiency index of electrical 
apparatus and appliances ; and price support for renewable energy. In the sectoral analysis, the 
TPR refers to Mauritius' efforts to conserve marine eco -systems; the conservation of natural 
resources and biodiversity for a sustainable agriculture sector; and t he promotion of renewable 
energy and the utilization of energy resources.  
3.16.   The TPR of Mongolia47 includes 26 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: Mongolia's key economic policy objective to achieve long 
term sustainable development ; and the country's support for environment protection. On  
environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : local taxes for the use of natural 
resources; and mandatory environmental impact assessment requirement fo r investment. In the 
sectoral analysis, TPR entries include: Mongolia's implementation of the Law on Renewable Energy 
and National Renewable Energy Program; the biological restoration of damaged land due to 
mining; and Mongolia's promotion of sustainable a nd environmentally friendly tourism sector.  
3.17.   The TPR of Myanmar48 includes 29 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: international cooperation on climate change and sustainable 
development; environment prote ction provisions in the Foreign Investment Law ; and the country's 
commitment s to protect its biodiversity, conserve natural forests, and encourage  environmental 
conservation and management. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover,  
inter alia : export licensing requirement s for export of wild live animals, and  for teak scantlings and 
forest products for the preservation and sustainable development of the hardwood timber forests; 
and the environmenta l impact assessment requirement  for foreign di rect investment and 
businesses operating in the Kyauk Phyu  special economic zone. In the sectoral analysis, several 
TPR entries refer to Myanmar's efforts to ensure sustainable development of forest resources. 
Other TPR entries include measures to protect the environment from pollution from mining and 
related operations; and the promotion of energy efficiency and conservation.  
3.18.   The TPR of Oman49 includes 18 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: Oman's object ive of creating a diversified economy based on 
renewable resources; the government's mandate to take any necessary action to protect and 
conserve underground water; provisions on environment in the FTA between Oman and the United 
States; and the engagement  of Oman in the Basel Convention, the Rotterdam Convention, the 
Montreal Protocol, and CITES . On environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : 
Oman's ban on deep sea trawl fishing for environmental reasons; and export licensing 
requireme nts to protect species of fish that are in danger of over -exploitation. In the sectoral 
analysis of the TPR, environment -related entries include: environmental challenges that Oman's 
agriculture sector faces; and the government's goal to sustainably manage  fisheries resources.  
3.19.   The Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)  consists of the following WTO 
members : Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint 
Vincent and the Grenadines . The TPR of the OECS50 has 13 environment -related entries.51 
Examples of the policy framework entries in the TPR include: the OECS countries' vulnerability to 
natural disasters; the development of guidelines for environmental compliance and enforcement 
                                                
46 WT/TPR/G/304  and WT/TPR/S/304 . 
47 WT/TPR/G/297/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/297/Rev.1 . 
48 WT/TPR/G/293  and WT/TPR/S/293/Rev .1. 
49 WT/TPR/G/295  and WT/TPR/S/295/Rev.1 . 
50 WT/TPR/G/299/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/299/Rev.1 . 
51 This number does not include the environment -related entries identified in the country -specific 
annexes to the TPR of OECS. Information from the country -specific anne xes can be accessed in 
WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 28 - 
 
  aimed at tracing and minimizing  territorial waste and marine pollution; the legislated common 
environmental policies of the OECS; and the provisions on environment protection in the Economic 
Partnership Agreement (EPA). On  environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : 
environmental charges on imports; and the ban on exports of wildlife based on CITES.   
3.20.   The TPR of Panama52 includes 28 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: environmental provisions in the FTA between Pana ma and 
Canada; the country's approval of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on 
Biological Diversity; and the establishment of the  National Biosafety Commission as well as 
biosafety committees . On environment -related measures , the TPR ent ries cover, inter alia : the 
import licensing requirement for p recursors and essential chemical substances subject to 
international control ; and tax incentives given to companies engaged in reforestation and 
renewable energy. In the sectoral analysis, TPR e ntries include: the promotion of renewable 
energy and the adoption of energy saving measures; and environmental programmes in the 
agriculture sector . Other entries include: infrastructure works to clean up the Panama Bay; and 
preference granted to projects  that use renewable sources in public procurement processes.  
3.21.   The TPR of Qatar53 includes 17 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: environmental development as one of the four development 
pillars of Qatar N ational Vision 2030 covering the sustainable use and preservation of natural 
resources, the protection of biodiversity, and the promotion of green technology and research on 
environment; and Qatar's proposal to define natural gas and its derivatives as env ironmental 
goods in the Committee on Trade and Environment. On  environment -related measures , the TPR 
entries cover, inter alia : Qatar's provisions towards green building regulations; and export permits 
for environment protection. Regarding the sectoral ana lysis, TPR entries include: Qatar's intention 
to pursue technological innovation and fully develop the gas industry to provide clean energy; the 
country's GATS commitments on environmental services; and obligation to take necessary 
precautions to preserve the environment in Qatar's Tourism Licence scheme.  
3.22.   The TPR of  the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu54 includes 
50 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy framework entries in the TPR include: 
Chinese Taipei's efforts  to liberalize trade in environmental goods  in the WTO ; focus on 
biotechnology and green energy industries; and the Statute for Industrial Innovation  that focuses 
on green policies including measures to  reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt pollutio n 
control technologies . On environment -related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : the 
prohibition of logging of Chinese Taipei's natural forests; export and import licensing schemes for 
HCFCs, and  endangered species of wild fauna and flora protec ted under CITES ; and grants for 
energy conservation and carbon reduction , clean production and  green technology . In the sectoral 
analysis, TPR entries include: regulations on organic agricultural products and promotion of a 
sustainable  agriculture sector; the conversion of farmland into forests; the implementation of the 
Renewable Energy Development Act and the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act ; and 
measures to combat IUU fishing.  
3.23.   The TPR of Tonga55 includes 39 environment -related entries. Examples of the policy 
framework entries in the TPR include: Tonga's target to increase the share of renewable energy in 
its energy mix (particularly solar energy and energy generated from biomass); projects on climate 
change and renewable energy funded by Tonga's dev elopment partners; and Tonga's efforts in 
various areas to achieve sustainable development. On  environment -related measures , the TPR 
entries cover, inter alia : Tonga's export quotas on sea cucumbers for conservation purposes; and 
emission standards applied  to motor vehicles. Regarding the sectoral analysis, TPR entries cover, 
inter alia : the regulatory system for the sustainable harvesting and re -planting of sandalwood ; the 
restrictions on certain fishing activities to address overfishing and to sustainably  manage fisheries 
resources; the incorporation of procedures for environmental impact and safeguards in the Seabed 
Minerals Bill; and the tourism sector's strategy to improve environmental management.  
                                                
52 WT/TPR/G/301/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/301/Rev.1 . 
53 WT/TPR/G/296/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/296/Rev.1 . 
54 WT/TPR/G/302  and WT/TPR/S/302/Rev.1 . 
55 WT/TPR/G/291  and WT/TPR/S/291/Rev.1 . WT/CTE/ED B/14 
 
- 29 - 
  3.24.   The TPR of United States of America56 includes 57 enviro nment -related entries. Examples of 
the policy framework entries in the TPR include:  the country 's engagement in bilateral and regional 
trade agreements  as well as its participation in the plurilateral Environment Goods Agreement 
negotiations . On environmen t-related measures , the TPR entries cover, inter alia : import and 
export licensing requirements for endangered species ; loan and financing schemes to support 
farmers who retire environmentally sensitive land from crop production ; and the promotion of 
renew able energy and energy efficiency through standards, labelling, grants, loans and 
guarantees. In the sectoral analysis, TPR entries include: the government's efforts to combat IUU 
fishing and promote sustainable fishing practices; renewable energy programm es that provide 
incentives for research, development, and production of bio -fuels; and the extension of existing 
programmes aimed at supporting the organic agriculture sector. Other entries include the 
President's Executive Order on Combating Wildlife Traf ficking issued in 2013.  
3.25.   The information provided above is only illustrative to highlight  the wide range and depth  of 
data available in the EDB. A complete listing can be accessed in the TPR section of the electronic 
database (see also Annex V for the EDB U ser Guide).57   
 
 
_______________  
 
 
                                                
56 WT/TPR/G/307  and WT/TPR/S/307 . 
57 See WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1.  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 30 - 
 
  4  ANNEXES  
Annex 1 - Environment -related Search Words1 
Basel Convention  HCFCs  
Bio Indigenous  
Carbon  Kyoto Protocol  
Cartagena  Modified organism  
CFCs  Marking  
CITES  Montreal Protocol  
Clean  Natural resources  
Clima te Novel  
Conserv(ation)  Organic  
Desertification  Ozone  
Diversity  Package(ing)  
Eco-label  Pollution  
Ecology  Preservation  
Emissions  Preserve  
Endangered  Recycle  
Energy  Renewable  
Environment  Saving  
Extinct   (Soil) erosion  
Fauna  Species  
Fish  Sustainable  
Flora Toxic 
Forest  Tree 
Genetic  Waste  
GHGs  Wildlife  
Green (house)  Wood  
Hazardous   
                                                
1 See also the following documents containing information on search words: WT/CTE/W/46, WT/CTE/W/78 and 
WT/CTE/W/102.   
  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 31 - Annex 2 - Number of Environment -related Notifications1 (1997 -2014) 
WTO 
Agreements  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 2012  2013  2014 
TBT  89(795)  98(648)  83(671)  97(610)  67(539)  114(582)  100(794)  107(638)  121(771)  155(874)  168 
(1032)  238 
(1265)  274 
(1490)  270 
(1413)  268 
(1216)  353 
(1551)  384 
(1605)  358 
(1558)  
SPS  8(286)  21(296)  12(402)  26(402)  25(621)  47(610)  50(687 ) 57(612)  105 
(1298)  140(901)  98(849)  84(889)  81(737)  83 
(1051)  76 
(1007)  91(856)  107 
(929)  44 (1169)  
SCM  16(136)  32(133)  27(126)  38(160)  24(159)  31(177)  34(171)  13(122)  27(168)  8(97)  33(164)  5(99)  40(181)  8(117)  47(140)  17(108)  48(158)  29 (110)  
Agricul ture 20(237)  22(216)  27(195)  40(228)  40(242)  32(197)  34(173)  29(157)  25(148)  24(126)  32(119)  24(137)  36(210)  49(195)  44(182)  45(203)  34(135)  42 (210)  
Anti-Dumping  4(109)  1(133)  3(133)  0(127)  0(134)  1(166)  2(155)  3(134)  0(127)  0(112)  0(118)  0(134)  0(157)  0(164)  0(127)  0(133)  0(122)  2 (120)  
ILP 13(51)  20(63)  10(68)  21(77)  7(55)  13(96)  16(57)  12(40)  20(45)  19(62)  13(65)  20(51)  23(82)  21(72)  23(78)  30(85)  23(96)  38 (99)  
Safeguards  0(42)  1(47)  0(99)  1(110)  1(137)  1(170)  1(147)  3(75)  1(80)  0(86)  0(59)  0(73)  0(171) 0(106)  2(64)  2(89)  2(112)  2 (110)  
Customs 
Valuation  0(9) 1(14)  1(15)  3(36)  1(41)  1(41)  0(11)  0(17)  1(13)  0(1) 0(9) 0(12)  0(6) 0(4) 0(4) 3(13)  2(13)  2 (23)  
State Trading  0(37)  2(36)  0(50)  0(50)  1(56)  5(58)  3(38)  0(43)  1(12)  1(37)  0(20)  1(24)  0(29)  4(77) 0(8) 4(39)  0(17)  2 (51)  
RTAs  6(55)  8(74)  14(75)  8(56)  10(64)  0(41)  0(56)  0(70)  0(63)  0(30)  0(25)  4(37)  4(30)  4(26)  3(33)  2(37)  2(40)  4 (19)  
TRIPS  0(172)  1(106)  3(69)  5(333)  6(236)  16(225)  5(147)  7(251)  2(59)  2(38)  3(72)  7(139)  2(84)  8(97)  9(66)  5(139) 9(209)  5 (96)  
GATS  0(24)  1(25)  0(21)  0(25)  0(46)  7(43)  0(41)  4(52)  1(53)  1(29)  0(41)  0(49)  0(68)  2(45)  1(38)  3(66)  1(48)  3 (75)  
QRs 5(15)  3(11)  2(13)  5(18)  2(10)  4(14)  2(8) 7(10)  1(6) 2(8) 3(6) 4(12)  2(8) 1(6) 2(8) 13(14)  5(10)  15 (22)  
TRIMs  0(18)  0(22) 0(12)  0(10)  0(2) 0(29)  0(13)  0(12)  0(14)  0(14)  0(13)  0(9) 0(21)  0(18)  0(4) 0(4) 0(6) 0(6) 
BoP 
Provisions  1(23)  0(11)  0(7) 0(9) 0(7) 0(4) 0(0) 0(1) 0(1) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 0(9) 0(6) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 
Preship ment  
Inspection  0(2) 0(1) 0(1) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 0(2) 0(2) 0(4) 0(3) 0 (2) 
Rules of 
Origin  0(4) 0 (6) 0 (3) 0(4) 0(6) 0(4) 0(4) 0(3) 0(2) 0(1) 0(7) 0(4) 0(5) 0(4) 0(8) 0(14)  0(22)  0 (17)  
GPA 2(7) 0 (14)  0 (9) 0(19)  2(14)  9(21)  0(8) 1(11)  5(11)  4(10)  3(8) 8(14)  18(29) 3(32)  2(16)  1(13)  2(15)  5 (27)  
ITA  0(0) 0 (18)  0 (0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 
Trade 
Facilitation                   0 (55)  
Other 
notifications  1 (15)  0 (5) 0 (3) 1 (8) 0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (3) 1 (7) 1 (3) 1(2) 0 (5) 0 (8) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (9) 0 (6) 1 (5) 0 (4) 
Total 
environment -
related 
notifications  165 
(2027)  211 
(1879)  182 
(1972)  245 
(2282)  186 
(2376)  281 
(2482)  247 
(2513)  244 
(2256)  311 
(2874)  357 
(2428)  353 
(2613)  395 
(2957)  481 
(3321)  453 
(3441)  477 
(3010)  569 
(3374)  620 
(3545)  551 
(3773)  
Share of 
environment -
related 
notifications  8.10%  11.20%  9.20%  10.70%  7.80%  11.30%  9.80%  10.80%  10.80%  14.70%  13.50%  13.40%  14.50%  13.20%  15.80%  16.90%  17.49%  14.60%  
                                                
1 Figures in parenthesis represent the total numb er of notifications  submitted by Members  under each relevant WTO Agreement.   This number includ es regular notifications as well as addenda, 
corrigenda and revisions , except in the case of  TBT and SPS notifications, where addenda and  corrigenda  are not cove red. WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 32 - 
 
  Annex 3 - Number of Environment -related Notifications and Measures1 (201 4) 
 
358
1544
42938
5 542
3 2 2 2 2358
95
44
4276
140
6 5334
3 262 2
Total Environment-related Notifications Total Environment-related Measures
 
                                                
1 Notifications may contain more than one measure.  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 33 - 
 
   
Annex 4 - Search Word Frequency in Notifications in 20141 
 
6 (1.1%)16 (2.9%)43 (7.8%)9 (1.6%)23 (4.2%)26 (4.7%)25 (4.5%)13 (2.4%)9 (1.6%)8 (1.5%)17 (3.1%)3 (0.5%)27 (4.9%)33 (6.0%)47 (8.5%)20 (3.6%)17 (3.1%)1 (0.2%)2 (0.4%)53 (9.6%)5 (0.9%)14 (2.5%)29 (5.3%)3 (0.5%)23 (4.2%)8 (1.5%)27 (4.9%)6 (1.1%)1 (0.2%)293 (53.2%)150 (27.2%)12 (2.2%)30 (5.4%)16 (2.9%)6 (1.1%)6 (1.1%)49 (8.9%)9 (1.6%)8 (1.5%)3 (0.5%)23 (4.2%)9 (1.6%)60 (10.9%)15 (2.7%)
WoodWildlifeWasteTreeToxicSustainableSpecies(Soil) erosionSavingRenewableRecyclePreserv(ation)PollutionOzoneOrganicNatural resourcesMontreal ProtocolModified organismIndigenousHazardousHCFCGreen (house)GeneticGHGForestFloraFishFaunaExtinctEnvironmentEnergyEndangeredEmissionsEcologyEco-labelDiversityConserv(ation)ClimateCleanCarbonCITESCFCBioBasel Convention
 
                                                
1 Figures in parenthesis indicate the share of total environment -related notifications that included a given search word.  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 34 - 
 
   
Annex 5 - Electronic EDB User's Guide  
I - WHAT INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE IN THE ELE CTRONIC EDB?  
1. The electronic EDB compiles all environment -related notifications made u nder the WTO 
Agreements and environment -related measures reported in the TPRs in an Excel Workbook.1  It 
allows users to search through the EDB environment -related information according to specific 
criteria, for instance by Member, Agreement, type of measu re, sector or environmental objective.   
2. The Excel Workbook is divided into two main worksheets:  "Notifications", listing all the 
environment -related notifications; and "TPRs", providing the environment -related information 
mentioned in TPRs.  In addition,  a third worksheet entitled "Summary" is included to allow users to 
retrieve pre -defined summary tables and graphs for the period 1997 - 2014.  
A. "Notifications" worksheet  
3. The "Notifications" worksheet displays the following information:  
 Agreement :  the WT O Agreement being notified;  
 Document symbol :  the symbo l of the notification document ; 
 Document link :  the Web link to WTO Documents Online  
 Notifying Member :  the Member notifying the environment -related measure;  
 Region group :  the region of the notifying  Member;  
 Development status :  the development status of the notifying Member;  
 Year:  the year of notification;  
 Notification pursuant to :  the provisions of the relevant Agreement under which the 
notification is made;  
 Measure description :  a description of the measure as indicated in the notification;  
 Type of measure :  the type of measure stated in the notification;  
 Coverage of  the measure :  products/activities subject to the notified measure;  
 ICS - HS code :  ICS or HS classification of the relevant products  (when available);  
 Implementation period :  the implementation period or date of the entry into force of the 
notified measure;  
 Environment -related objective :  the environment -related objective of the measure;  and  
 Keywords :  the environment -related keyword  search included in the notification (see 
Annex I).  
4. Three harmonized categories have also been created to facilitate research:  
 Type of environment -related objectives;  
                                                
1 WT/CTE/EDB/14/Add.1 . WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 35 - 
 
   Type of measures; and  
 Type of sectors.  
 
B. "TPRs" worksheet  
5. The "TPRs" worksheet display s the following information:  
 Type of TPR:  TPR reports prepared by either the Secretariat (S) or the Member (M);  
 Document symbol:  the symbol of the TPR document;  
 Document link:  the web link to the TPR document through WTO Documents Online;   
 Document ref erence:  the reference made to the paragraph number "§" in the TPR 
document;  
 Member:  the Member covered in the TPR;  
 Region group:  the region of the Member;  
 Development status:  the development status of the Member;  
 Year: the year of publication of the TP R; 
 Type of information:  the type of environment -related information found in the TPR 
(whether trade policy framework; trade policy by measure; or trade policy by sector);  
 Type of measures or sectors:  the measure or sector associated with the environment -
related information;  
 Relevant information:  the excerpt from the TPR in which the environment -related 
measure, provision or programme was identified; and  
 Keywords:  the keyword search included in the TPR reports.  
 
C. "Summary" worksheet  
6. The "Summary" works heet provides pre -defined information and graphs on environment -
related notifications to each WTO Agreement and measures mentioned in TPRs.   
II - HOW TO USE THE ELECT RONIC EDB?  
7. The Excel Workbook allows searches through all the variables mentioned above b y using the 
filter function.  Users can, by clicking on the right -bottom arrow icon of the heading of the selected 
variable, either select the information on a drop -down list ( see left image of  Chart 1 ) or type in the 
relevant information (see right image  of Chart 1 ). WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 36 - 
 
  Chart 1 - Search Function  
   
      
  
8. Multiple criteria search is also possible, for instance, to search all notifications made by a 
given country or region/development status group with a specific environment -related objective or 
a specific ty pe of measure.  
9. As an example, retrieving all TBT notifications that contain "technical regulation or 
specifications " to promote "energy conservation and efficiency ", can be done as follows:  
a. select the "Notifications" spreadsheet;  
b. select the TBT Agreement  in the column "Agreement" by clicking on the bottom -right 
arrow icon and typing "TBT" in the search box;  
c. select the type of measure in the column " Harmonized t ypes of measure s" by clicking on 
the bottom -right arrow icon of the heading and typing " technica l regulation or 
specifications  " in the search box;  
d. select the type of objective  in the column " Harmonized types of environment -related 
objectives " by clicking on the bottom -right arrow icon of the heading and typing "energy 
conservation and efficiency" in  the search box.  
10. After the search, to go back to the full database, it is important to follow the reverse order 
of the selection:   
a. click on the bottom -right arrow icon of the heading of the variable " Harmonized types of 
environment -related objectives " and  select the "Select All" box;  
b. click on the bottom -right arrow icon of the heading of the variable " Harmonized t ypes of 
measure s" and select the "Select All" box;  and  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 37 - 
 
  c. click on the bottom -right arrow icon  of the heading of the variable "Agreement" and 
select the "Select All" tick box.  
11. Once the data is selected through the filter, the user can print the records by hiding the 
variables of no interest (select the column, right -click and select "hide" option).  In addition, 
the user can apply the scaling optio n available, through their printer driver, to fit all the 
selected columns in one page.  
III - HARMONIZED CATEGORIE S 
Table 1 - Types of environment -related objectives (25)  
Afforestation/reforestation  
Air pollution reduction  
Alternative and renewable energy  
Animal protection  
Biodiversity and ecosystem  
Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances management  
Climate change mitigation and adaptation  
Energy conservation and efficiency  
Environmental goods and services promotion  
Environmental protection from pests and diseases  
Environmentally friendly consumption  
General environmental protection  
MEAs implementation and compliance  
Natural resources conservation  
Other environmental risks mitigation  
Ozone layer protection  
Plant protection  
Soil management and conservation  
Sustainable agriculture management  
Sustainable and environmentally friendly production  
Sustainable fisheries management (aquaculture)  
Sustainable forestry management  
Sustainable mining management  
Wast e management and recycling  
Water management and conservation  
 
Table 2 - Types of measures (31 ) 
Anti-dumping measure / investigation  
Ban/Prohibition  
Conformity assessment procedures  
Countervailing measure / investigation  WT/CTE/EDB/14  
 
- 38 - 
 
  Environmental provisions in trade agreements  
Export licences  
Export quotas  
Export tariffs  
Grants and direct payments  
Import licences  
Import quotas  
Import tariffs  
Income or price support  
Intellectual property measures  
Internal taxes  
Investment mea sures  
Loans and financing  
Non -monetary support  
Not specified  
Other environmental requirements  
Other measures  
Other price and market based measures  
Other support measures  
Public procurement  
Quarantine requirements  
Regulation affecting movement or transit  
Risk assessment  
Safeguard measure / investigation  
Services requirements  
Tax concessions  
Technical regulation or specifications  
 
Table 3 – Types of sectors subject to the measure ( 11) 
Agriculture  
All products/econ omic activities  
Chemicals  
Energy  
Fisheries  
Forestry  
Manufacturing  
Mining  
Not specified  
Other  
Services  
 
 
__________