1  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademark Act (Act No. 127 of April 13, 1959)  
 
Table of Contents  
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS (ARTICLES 1 AND 2)  
CHAPTER II TRADEMARK REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF 
TRADEMARK (ARTICLES 3 TO 13 -2) 
CHAPTER III EXAMINATION (ARTICLES 14 TO 17-2) 
CHAPTER IV TRADEMARK RIGHTS  
Section 1 Trademark Rights (Articles 18 to 35)  
Section 2 Infringement of Rights (Articles 36 to 39)  
Section 3 Registration Fees (Articles 40 to 43)  
CHAPTER IV -2 OPPOSITION TO REGISTRATION (ARTICLES 43 -2 TO 43 -15) 
CHAPTER V  TRIALS AND APPEALS (ARTICLES 44 TO 56 -2) 
CHAPTER VI RETRIAL AND LITIGATION (ARTICLES 57 TO 63 -2) 
CHAPTER VII DEFENSIVE MARK (ARTICLES 64 TO 68)  
CHAPTER VII -2 SPECIAL PROVISIONS UNDER THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE 
MADRID AGREEMENT  
Section 1 Application for International Registration (Articles 68 -2 to 68 -8) 
Section 2 Special Provisions Pertaining to International Applications for Trademark 
Registration (Articles 68 -9 to 68 -31) この商標法の翻訳は、平成 ３０年１２月３０日施行までの 改正について作成したものです。  
この法令の翻訳は公定訳ではありません。法的効力を有するのは日本語の法令自体であり、翻
訳はあくまでその理解を助けるための参考資料です。この翻訳の利用に伴って発生した問題につ
いて、一切の責任を負いかねますので、法律上の問題に関しては、官報に掲載された日本語の法
令を参照してください。  
  This English translation of the Trademark Act has been prepared ( up to the entering into 
force 30th  December, 2018 ). 
  This is an unofficial translation. Only the original Japanese texts of laws and regulations 
have legal effect, and the translations are  to be used solely as reference material to aid in the 
understanding of Japanese laws and regulations.  
  The Government of Japan shall not be responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of 
the legislative material provided in this Website, or fo r any consequence resulting from use of 
the information in this Website. For all purposes of interpreting and applying law to any legal 
issue or dispute, users should consult the original Japanese texts published in the Official 
Gazette.  2 Section 3 Special Provisions Concerning Applications for Trademark Registration, etc. (Articles 
68-32 to 68 -39) 
CHAPTER VIII MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (ARTICLES 68 -40 TO 77 -2) 
CHAPTER IX PENAL PROVISIONS (ARTICLES 78 TO 85)  
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS  
 
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS  
 
(Purpose)  
Article 1  The purpose of this Act is, through the protection of trademarks, to ensure the 
maintenance of business confidence of persons who use trademarks and thereby to contribute to 
the development of the industry and to protect the interests of consumers.  
 
(Definitions, etc.)  
Article 2  (1) "Tradema rk" in this Act means , among those recognizable  by human perception,  any 
character(s), figure(s), sign(s) or three -dimensional shape(s)  or colors, or any combination thereof, 
sounds, etc. provided by Cabinet Order  (hereinafter referred to as a "mark") whic h is: 
(i) used in connection with the goods of a person who produces, certifies or assigns the goods as a 
business; or  
(ii) used in connection with the services of a person who provides or certifies the services as a 
business (except those provided for in the preceding item).  
(2) "Services" set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph shall include retail services and 
wholesale services, namely, the provision of benefits for customers conducted in the course of 
retail and wholesale business.  
(3) "Use" with respect to a mark as used in this Act means any of the following acts:  
(i) to affix a mark to goods or packages of goods;  
(ii) to assign, deliver, display for the purpose of assignment or delivery, export, import  or provide 
through an electric telecommunication line, goods or packages of goods to which a mark is affixed;  
(iii) in the course of the provision of services, to affix a mark to articles to be used by a person who 
receives the said services (including articles to be assigned or loaned;  the same shall apply 
hereinafter);  
(iv) in the course of the provision of services, to provide the said services by using articles to which 
a mark is affixed and which are to be used by a person who receives the said services;  
(v) for the purpose of provi ding services, to display articles to be used for the provision of the 
services (including articles to be used by a person who receives the services in the course of the 
provision of services; the same shall apply hereinafter) to which a mark is affixed;  
(vi) in the course of the provision of services, to affix a mark to articles pertaining to the provision 
of the said services belonging to a person who receives the services;  
(vii) in the course of the provision of services through an image viewer, by using  an electromagnetic 
device (an electromagnetic device shall refer to any electronic, magnetic or other method that is 3 not recognizable by human perception; the same shall apply in the following item), to provide 
the said services by displaying a mark on th e image viewer; or  
(viii) to display or distribute advertisement materials, price lists or transaction documents relating 
to goods or services to which a mark is affixed, or to provide information on such content, to 
which a mark is affixed by an electroma gnetic device.  
(ix) In the case of a mark of sounds, in addition to those listed in the preceding items, an act to 
produce sounds for the purpose of assignment or delivery of goods, or providing services; and  
(x) In addition to those listed in the precedin g items, acts provided by Cabinet Order.  
(4) In the cases of marks listed in the following items, to  affix a mark to goods or other articles 
provided for in the preceding paragraph shall include those listed in each of the said items:  
(i) a mark of any cha racter(s), figure(s), sign(s) or three -dimensional shape(s), or any combination 
thereof, or any combination thereof with colors: to form in the shape of goods, packages of goods, 
articles to be used for the provision of services, or advertisement materials  relating to goods or 
services; and  
(ii) a mark of any sounds: in a case where a recording medium is affixed to goods, articles to be used 
for the provision of services, or advertisement materials relating to goods or services (including 
a case where good s, articles to be used for the provision of services, or advertisement materials 
relating to goods or services themselves are recording media) to record the mark on the recording 
media.  
(5) "Registered trademark" in this Act means a trademark that has been  registered as a trademark.  
(6) In this Act, the scope of those similar to goods may include services, and the scope of those 
similar to services may include goods.  
 
CHAPTER II TRADEMARK REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION FOR TRADEMARK 
REGISTRATION  
 
(Requirement s for trademark registration)  
Article 3  (1) Any trademark to be used in connection with goods or services pertaining to the 
business of an applicant may be registered, unless the trademark:  
(i) consists solely of a mark indicating, in a common manner, the common name of the goods or 
services;  
(ii) is customarily used in connection with the goods or services;  
(iii) consists solely of a mark indicating, in a common manner, in the case of goods, the place of 
origin, place of sale, quality, raw materials, effic acy, intended purpose, shape (including shape 
of packages; the same shall apply in Article 26(1)(i i) and (ii i)), the method or features including 
time  of production or use,  quantity, price,  or, in the case of services, the location of provision, 
quality, articles to be used in such provision, efficacy, intended purpose, modes,  method or 
features including time, quantity or price  of provision;  
(iv) consists solely of a mark indicating, in a c ommon manner, a common surname or name of a 
juridical person;  4 (v) consists solely of a very simple and common mark; or  
(vi) is in addition to those listed in each of the preceding items, a trademark by which consumers 
are not able to recognize the goods or  services as those pertaining to a business of a particular 
person.  
(2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a trademark that falls under any of items (iii) to (v) 
of the preceding paragraph may be registered if, as a result of the use of the trademark , 
consumers are able to recognize the goods or services as those pertaining to a business of a 
particular person.  
 
(Unregistrable trademarks)  
Article 4  (1) Notwithstanding the preceding Article, no trademark shall be registered if the 
trademark:  
(i) is ide ntical with, or similar to, the national flag, the imperial chrysanthemum crest, a decoration, 
a medal or a foreign national flag;  
(ii) is identical with, or similar to, the coats of arms or any other State emblems (except national 
flags of any country of the Union to the Paris Convention, member of the World Trade 
Organization or Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty) of a country of the Union to 
the Paris Convention (refers to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 
March  20, 1883, as revised at Brussels on December 14, 1900, at Washington on June 2, 1911, 
at the Hague on November 6, 1925, at London on June 2, 1934, at Lisbon on October 31, 1958 
and at Stockholm on July 14, 1967; the same shall apply hereinafter), a member  of the World 
Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty designated by the 
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry;  
(iii) is identical with, or similar to, a mark indicating the United Nations or any other international 
organizat ion (referred to as "international organization" in (b)) which has been designated by the 
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry  (excluding those listed in the following) ; 
(a) is identical with, or similar to, a trademark which is well known among consume rs as that 
indicating goods or services in connection with the applicant's business, if such a trademark is 
used in connection with such goods or services or goods or services similar thereto; and  
(b) is identical with, or similar to, a mark indicating abb reviation of any international organization, 
which has been used for goods or services that is not likely to mislead as to connection to the 
international organization;  
(iv) is identical with, or similar to, the emblems or titles in Article 1 of the Act Co ncerning 
Restriction on the Use of Emblems and Titles of the Red Cross and Others (Act No.159 of 1947) 
or the distinctive emblem in Article 158(1) of the Act Concerning Measures to Protect Japanese 
Citizens During Armed Attacks and Others (Act No.112 of 20 04); 
(v) is comprised of a mark identical with, or similar to, an official hallmark or sign indicating control 
or warranty by the national or a local government of Japan, a country of the Union to the Paris 
Convention, a member of the World Trade Organizat ion or a Contracting Party to the Trademark 
Law Treaty which has been designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, if such 5 a trademark is used in connection with goods or services identical with, or similar to, the goods 
or services in connec tion with which the hallmark or sign is used;  
(vi) is identical with, or similar to, a famous mark indicating the State, a local government, an 
agency thereof, a non -profit organization undertaking a business for public interest, or a non -
profit enterprise  undertaking a business for public interest;  
(vii) is likely to cause damage to public policy;  
(viii) contains the portrait of another person, or the name, famous pseudonym, professional name 
or pen name of another person, or famous abbreviation thereof (e xcept those the registration of 
which has been approved by the person concerned);  
(ix) is comprised of a mark identical with, or similar to, a prize awarded at an exhibition held by 
the national or a local government (hereinafter referred to as the "Govern ment, etc.") or by those 
who are not the Government, etc. that conforms to the standards specified by the Commissioner 
of the Patent Office, or at an international exhibition held in a foreign country by the 
Government, etc. of the foreign country or those  authorized thereby (except those used by the 
recipient of such a prize as part of his/her own trademark);  
(x) is identical with, or similar to, another person's trademark which is well known among 
consumers as that indicating goods or services in connecti on with the person's business, if such 
a trademark is used in connection with such goods or services or goods or services similar thereto;  
(xi) is identical with, or similar to, another person's registered trademark which has been filed prior 
to the filing  date of an application for registration of the said trademark, if such a trademark is 
used in connection with the designated goods or designated services relating to the said 
registered trademark(referring to goods or services designated in accordance wit h Article 6(1) 
(including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(1)); the same shall 
apply hereinafter), or goods or services similar thereto;  
(xii) is identical with a registered defensive mark of another person (referring to a mark registered 
as a defensive mark; the same shall apply hereinafter), if such a trademark is used in connection 
with designated goods or designated services relating to the defensive mark;  
(xiii) deleted  
(xiv) is identical with, or similar to, the name o f a variety registered in accordance with Article 
18(1) of the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act (Act No. 83 of 1998), if such a trademark is 
used in connection with seeds and seedlings of the variety or goods or services similar thereto;  
(xv) is likel y to cause confusion in connection with the goods or services pertaining to a business of 
another person (except those listed in items (x) to (xiv) inclusive);  
(xvi) is likely to mislead as to the quality of the goods or services;  
(xvii) is comprised of a mark indicating a place of origin of wines or spirits of Japan which has been 
designated by the Commissioner of the Patent Office, or a mark indicating a place of origin of 
wines or spirits of a member of the World Trade Organization which is prohibited by  the said 
member from being used on wines or spirits not originating from the region of the said member, 
if such a trademark is used in connection with wines or spirits not originating from the region in 
Japan or of the said member;  6 (xviii) consists solely  of features provided by Cabinet Order among features that are naturally  
provided to goods, etc. (goods, or packages of goods, or services; the same shall apply in Article 
26(1)(v)); or  
(xix) is identical with, or similar to, a trademark which is well know n among consumers in Japan 
or abroad as that indicating goods or services pertaining to a business of another person, if such 
trademark is used for unfair purposes (referring to the purpose of gaining unfair profits, the 
purpose of causing damage to the ot her person, or any other unfair purposes, the same shall 
apply hereinafter) (except those provided for in each of the preceding items);  
(2) Where the State or a local government, an agency thereof, a non -profit organization undertaking 
a business for publi c interest, or a person undertaking a non -profit activity for public interest 
files an application for trademark registration falling under item (vi) of the preceding paragraph, 
the provision of the said item shall not apply.  
(3) Items (viii), (x), (xv), ( xvii) and (xix) of paragraph (1) shall not apply to a trademark falling under 
any of the said items which does not fall under the said item at the time of filing of an application 
for trademark registration.  
 
(Application for trademark registration)  
Article 5  (1) Any person who desires to register a trademark shall submit an application to the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office accompanied by the required documents.  The application shall 
state the following matters:  
(i) the name and the domicile or res idence of the applicant for trademark registration;  
(ii) the trademark for which registration is sought; and  
(iii) the designated goods or designated services and the class of goods or services provided by 
Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2).  
(2) Where a person desires to register a trademark listed in the following , the application shall 
contain a statement indicating thereof : 
(i) consists of any character(s), figure(s), sign(s) or three -dimensional shape(s) or colors, or any 
combination thereof,  where the said character(s), figure(s), sign(s) or three -dimensional shape(s) 
or colors in connection with the said tradema rk change;  
(ii) consists of three -dimensional shape(s) (including the combination with any character(s), 
figure(s), sign(s) or three -dimensional shape(s) or colors, or any combination thereof) (excluding 
those listed in the preceding item);  
(iii) consists solely of colors (excluding those listed in item (i));  
(iv) consists solely of sounds; or  
(v) in addition to those listed in each of  the preceding items, trademarks provided by Cabinet Order 
of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(3) Where a person desires to register a trademark consisting solely of characters designated by the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office (hereinafter r eferred to as "standard characters"), the 
application shall contain a statement indicating thereof.  7 (4) Where a person desires to register any trademark provided by Cabinet Order of the Ministry of 
Economy, Trade and Industry, the application shall sate th e detailed description of the trademark 
in the application pursuant to Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, or affix 
materials provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry to the 
application.  
(5) The statement a nd materials in the preceding paragraph shall specify the trademark for which 
a registration is sought.  
(6) Where a portion of the trademark for which a registration is sought is in the same color as that 
of the column in which a trademark for which a regi stration is sought is required to be stated, 
the said portion of the trademark shall be deemed not to be a part of the trademark; provided, 
however, that this shall not apply to an area specified and identified as an area to be colored in 
the same color as  that of the column.  
 
(According of filing date, etc.)  
Article 5 -2 (1) The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall accord as the filing date of an application 
for trademark registration the date of submission of the application relating thereto, unless the  
application for trademark registration falls under any of the following items:  
(i) the statement of intent to register a trademark is unclear;  
(ii) the name of the applicant for trademark registration is not stated or the statement thereof is 
not sufficie nt to identify the applicant;  
(iii) the trademark for which a registration is sought is not stated in the application; and  
(iv) the designated goods or designated services are not stated.  
(2) Where an application for trademark registration falls under any of the items of the preceding 
paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall require the person who desires to register 
the trademark registration to supplement the application, designating a reasonable time limit 
for such purpose.  
(3) Supplement o f an application for trademark registration shall be made by submitting a 
document with respect to the supplement (hereinafter referred to as a "Written Supplement").  
(4) Where an applicant who was required to supplement an application for trademark regist ration 
under paragraph (2) supplements the said application within the designated time limit as 
provided in the said paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall accord the date of 
submission of the Written Supplement as the filing date of the ap plication for trademark 
registration.  
(5) Where an applicant who has been required to supplement an application for trademark 
registration under paragraph (2) fails to supplement the said application within the designated 
time limit as provided in the said  paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office may dismiss 
the said application for trademark registration.  
 
(Single trademark on each application)  8 Article 6  (1) An application for trademark registration shall be filed for each trademark and 
designate o ne or more goods or services in connection with which the trademark is to be used.  
(2) The designation provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be made in accordance with the 
class of goods and services provided by Cabinet Order.  
(3) The class of good s and services provided for in the preceding paragraph shall not be perceived 
as prescribing the scope of similarities of goods or services.  
 
(Collective trademarks)  
Article 7  (1) A general incorporated association or other association (except those which do not have 
juridical personality, and companies), or any other association established pursuant to a special 
Act including business cooperative (except those which do not have juridical personality), or a 
foreign juridical person equivalent thereto shall be entitled to obtain a collective trademark 
registration with respect to a trademark to be used by their members.  
(2) For the purpose of the application of Article 3(1), in the case of the preceding paragraph, 
"applicant" in the said paragraph shall read "applicant or its members."  
(3) Any person who desires to register a collective trademark pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, at 
the time of filing of an application for trademark registration pursuant to Article 5(1), submit to 
the Commissioner of the Patent  Office a document certifying that the applicant for trademark 
registration is a juridical person that falls under paragraph (1).  
 
(Regional collective trademarks)  
Article 7 -2 (1) Any association established by a special Act, including a business cooperati ve (those 
which do not have juridical personality are excluded, and limited to those which are established 
by a special Act providing, without a just cause, that the association shall not refuse the 
enrollment of any person who is eligible to become a memb er or that the association shall not 
impose on any of its prospective members any condition that is heavier than those imposed on its 
existing members), a commercial transaction, commercial and industrial association or specified 
non-profit corporation spe cified in Article 2(2) of Act on Promotion of Specified Non -profit 
Activities (Act No. 7 of 1998), or a foreign juridical person equivalent thereto (hereinafter referred 
to as an "Association, etc.") shall be entitled to obtain a regional collective tradem ark registration 
with respect of any of the following, provided that the trademark is used by its members and, as 
a result of the use of the said trademark, the said trademark is well known among consumers as 
indicating the goods or services pertaining to the business of the applicant or its members, 
notwithstanding the provision of Article 3 (except a case falling under item (i) or (ii) of Article 
3(1)):  
(i) a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of the 
region and the common name of the goods or services pertaining to the business of the applicant 
or its members;  9 (ii) a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of the 
region and the name customarily used as a name indicat ing the goods or services pertaining to 
the business of the applicant or its members; or  
(iii) a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of the 
region and the common name of the goods or services pertaining to the  business of the applicant 
or its members or the name customarily used as a name indicating thereof, and characters 
customarily added in indicating, in a common manner, the place of origin of the goods or the 
location of provision of the services.  
(2) The term "name of the region" as used in the preceding paragraph means, even prior to the filing 
of the said application, the name of the place of origin of the goods, the location of provision of 
services, or the name of the region which is considered to have  a close relationship with the said 
goods or services to the equivalent extent, for which the trademark pertaining to the said 
application has been used by the applicant or its members, or abbreviation thereof.  
(3) For the purpose of the application of Art icle 3(1) (limited to the part pertaining to items (i) and 
(ii)) in the case of paragraph (1), "applicant" in the said paragraph shall read "applicant or its 
members."  
(4) Any person who desires to register a regional collective trademark pursuant to parag raph (1) 
shall, at the time of filing of an application for trademark registration pursuant to Article 5(1), 
submit to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a document certifying that the applicant for 
trademark registration is an Association, etc. and doc uments necessary to prove that the 
trademark for which the registration is sought contains the name of a region as provided in 
paragraph (2).  
 
(Prior application)  
Article 8  (1) Where two or more applications for trademark registration relating to identical  or 
similar trademarks which are to be used in connection with identical or similar goods or services 
have been filed on different dates, only the applicant who filed the application for trademark 
registration on the earlier date shall be entitled to regis ter the trademark in question.  
(2) Where two or more applications for trademark registration relating to identical or similar 
trademarks which are to be used in connection with identical or similar goods or services have 
been filed on the same date, only o ne applicant who is to be determined by consultations among 
the applicants who filed such applications shall be entitled to register the trademark in question.  
(3) Where an application for trademark registration is abandoned, withdrawn or dismissed, or an 
examiner's decision or a trial decision on an application for trademark registration becomes final 
and binding, such application shall, for the purposes of the application of the preceding two 
paragraphs, be deemed never to have been filed.  
(4) In the case  of paragraph (2), the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall require the applicants 
for trademark registration to arrange consultations among the applicants as set forth in the said 
paragraph and to report the result thereof, designating a reasonable tim e limit for such purpose.  10 (5) Where no agreement is reached in the consultations held pursuant to paragraph (2) or no report 
is submitted within the designated time limit set forth in the preceding paragraph, only one 
applicant, selected by a lottery in a fair and just manner conducted by the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office, shall be entitled to register the trademark in question.  
 
(Special provisions concerning time of filing of application)  
Article 9  (1) Where an application for trademark registration i s filed in connection with a trademark 
used for goods or services exhibited at an exhibition held by the Government, etc., an exhibition 
held by those who are not the Government, etc. that conforms to the standards specified by the 
Commissioner of the Pate nt Office, an international exhibition held by the Government, etc. of a 
country of the Union to the Paris Convention, a member of the World Trade Organization or a 
Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty or by those authorized thereby to hold such a n 
exhibition in its territory, or an international exhibition held by the Government, etc. of a country 
which is not a country of the Union of the Paris Convention, a member of the World Trade 
Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty  or by those authorized thereby 
to hold such exhibition in its territory that conforms to the standards specified by the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office, by the exhibitor of such goods or services bearing the 
trademark within six months from the date of exhibition of such goods or services, the said 
application shall be deemed to have been filed at the time of exhibition of such goods or services.  
(2) Any person who desires to apply the preceding paragraph in connection with a trademark 
relating to an app lication for trademark registration shall submit to the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office a document stating thereof at the time of filing of the application for trademark 
registration, and documents proving the fact that the trademark pertaining to an app lication for 
trademark registration and its designated goods or designated services fall under the trademark 
and goods or services provided in the said paragraph  (referred to as a "certificate" in the following 
paragraph  and paragraph (4) ), within thirty d ays from the filing date of an application for the 
trademark registration.  
(3) Where a person submitting a certificate is unable to submit the certificate within the time limit 
under the preceding paragraph, the said person may, in accordance with Ordinanc e of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, submit the said certificate  to the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office only within the time limit as provided in Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, 
Trade and Industry, even after the expiration of the time  limit . 
(4) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of the person, the person submitting a certificate is 
unable to submit the certificate within the time limit for submission of the certificate pursuant to 
the preceding paragraph , notwithstanding the said paragraph, submit the certificate to the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office within 14 days (two months for resident abroad) from the date 
on which the reasons for not submitting ceased to be applicable, but not later than six months after 
the expiratio n of the said time limit.  
 
(Priority claim governed by the Paris Convention)  11 Article 9 -2 A right of priority based on an application for registration of a trademark filed in a 
country of the Union to the Paris Convention (limited to a trademark equivalent to a trademark 
provided in Article 2(1)(ii)) may be claimed as governed by the same rules as Article 4 of the Paris 
Convention in connection with a right of priority based on an application for registration of a 
trademark equivalent to the trademark provid ed in Article 2(1)(i).  
 
Article 9 -3 A right of priority based on an application filed by a person stated in the left column of 
the following table in a country stated in the right column of the same table may be claimed in 
connection with an application fo r trademark registration as governed by Article 4 of the Paris 
Convention.  
Japanese nationals or nationals of a country of 
the Union to the Paris Convention (including 
those who are deemed to be nationals of a 
country of the Union as provided by Article 3 of 
the Paris Convention)  A member of the World Trade Organization or 
a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law 
Treaty  
Nationals of a member of the World Trade 
Organization (refers to nationals of a member 
provided in paragraph 3 of Article 1 of Annex 
1C to  the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing 
the World Trade Organization) or nationals of 
a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law 
Treaty  A country of the Union to the Paris Convention, 
a member of the World Trade Organization or 
a Contracting Party to the Trade mark Law 
Treaty  
 
(Amendment of designated goods, etc. or trademark for which registration is sought and change of 
gist thereof)  
Article 9 -4 Where, after the registration of establishment of a trademark right, any amendment 
made to the designated goods or designated services, or trademark for which registration is 
sought stated in the application, is found to cause any change of the gist thereof, the application 
for trademark registration shall be deemed to have been filed at the time of submission of the 
written amendment relating thereto.  
 
(Division of application for trademark registration)  
Article 10 (1) An applicant for trademark registration may file one or more new applications with 
regard to part of an application which designates two or more goods o r services as its designated 
goods or designated services, provided that the application for trademark registration is pending 
in examination, trial examination or retrial examination, or that a suit against a trial decision to 
refuse the application is pe nding in court , and that the applicant has paid the fees payable under 
Article 76(2) for the application for trademark registration . 
(2) In the case of the preceding paragraph, the new application for trademark registration shall be 
deemed to have been fil ed at the time of filing of the original application for trademark 12 registration; provided, however, that this shall not apply for the purpose of Article 9(2) of this 
Act and Article 43(1) and 43(2) of the Patent Act (Act No.121 of 1959) as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act (including cases where they are applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 43 -3(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 
13(1) of this Act).  
(3) Where a new application for tradem ark registration is filed as provided in paragraph (1), 
statements or documents submitted in connection with the original application for trademark 
registration which are required to be submitted in connection with the new application for 
trademark registr ation pursuant to Article 9(2) of this Act or Article 43(1) and 43(2) of the Patent 
Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act (including its mutatis 
mutandis application pursuant to Article  43 -3(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act) shall be deemed to have been submitted to the Commissioner 
of the Patent Office at the time of filing the new application for trademark registration.  
 
(Conversion of application)  
Article 11  (1) An app licant for trademark registration may convert an application for trademark 
registration of a collective trademark into a regular application for trademark registration 
(referring to an application for trademark registration other than those of collective t rademarks 
and regional collective trademarks; the same shall apply hereinafter) or an application for 
trademark registration of a regional collective trademark.  
(2) An applicant for trademark registration may convert an application for trademark registration 
of a regionally based collective trademark into a regular application for trademark registration 
or an application for trademark registration of a collective trademark.  
(3) An applicant for trademark registration may convert a regular applicat ion for trademark 
registration into an application for trademark registration of a collective trademark or an 
application for trademark registration of a regionally based collective trademark.  
(4) The conversion of an application for trademark registration  pursuant to the provisions of the 
preceding three paragraphs may not be made after an examiner's decision or a trial decision on 
the application for trademark registration becomes final and binding.  
(5) Where the conversion of an application for trademark  registration is made pursuant to 
paragraphs (1) to (3), the original application for trademark registration shall be deemed to have 
been withdrawn.  
(6) The provisions of Articles 10(2) and 10(3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the conversion of an 
applica tion for trademark registration pursuant to paragraphs (1) to (3).  
 
Article 12  (1) An applicant for a defensive mark registration may convert such an application into 
an application for trademark registration.  
(2) The conversion of an application pursuant to the preceding paragraph may not be made after 
an examiner's decision or a trial decision on the application for a defensive mark registration 
becomes final and binding.  13 (3) The provisions of Articles 10(2), 10(3) and 11(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis t o the conversion 
of an application pursuant to paragraph (1).  
 
(Laying open of application)  
Article 12 -2 (1) Where an application for trademark registration is filed, the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office shall lay open the trademark application.  
(2) The l aying open of a trademark application shall be effected by stating the following matters in 
the Trademark Gazette; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the matters listed in items 
(iii) and (iv), where the Commissioner of the Patent Office finds  that publishing the said matters 
in the trademark bulletin is likely to cause damage to public policy.  
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant for the trademark registration;  
(ii) the number and date of the application for trademark re gistration;  
(iii) the trademark stated in the application (in the case provided in Article 5(3), the trademark 
represented in standard characters; the same shall apply hereinafter ); 
(iv) the designated goods or designated services; and  
(v) other necessary matters in addition to those matters listed in the preceding items.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of the Patent Act)  
Article 13  (1) The provisions of Paragraphs (1) to (4)  and (7) to (9) of Article 43, and (2) and (3) of 
Article 43-3 of the Patent Act sha ll apply mutatis mutandis to an application for trademark 
registration.  In this case, the term  "within the time limit provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry 
of Economy, Trade and Industry" in Article 43(1) of the said Act shall be deemed to be replaced 
with  "at the time of filing of the application for trademark registration,"  "the description, scope 
of claims for patent or claim of utility model and drawings" in paragraph (2) of the said Article 
shall be deemed to be replaced with "the statement of the trad emark for which registration is 
sought and the designated good s or designated services," "one year and four months from the 
earliest of the following dates" in paragraph(2) of the said Article  shall be deemed to be replaced 
with "three months from the fili ng date of an application for trademark registration"; "a person 
who has received a notice provided under the preceding paragraph" in paragraph  (7) of the said 
Article shall be deemed to be replaced with "where a person who submits the document s under 
para graph (2) is unable to submit the document s under the said paragraph within the time limit 
provided in the said paragraph, even after the expiration of the said time limit," "the docu ments  
specified in paragraph (2) or the document specified in paragraph ( 5)" in paragraph(7) of the said 
Article shall be deemed to be replaced with "the documents specified in the said paragraph as 
provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry"; "a person who has 
received a notice provided under paragrap h (6)" in paragraph(8) of the said Article shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "a person who submits the documents  under paragraph (2),"  "the 
documents  specified in paragraph (2) or the document specified in paragraph (5)" in paragraph(8) 
of the said Artic le shall be deemed to be replaced with  "the documents  specified in paragraph 
(2)," "the documents or the document" in paragraph(8) of the said Article shall be deemed to be 14 replaced with "the documents"; "the documents specified in paragraph (2) or the doc ument 
specified in paragraph (5)" in paragraph  (9) of the said Article shall be deemed to be replaced 
with "the documents specified in paragraph (2)" ; "or members of the World Trade Organization" 
in Article 43 -3(2) of the said Act shall be deemed to be rep laced with "members of the World Trade 
Organization or Contracting Parties to the Trademark Law Treaty"; "or nationals of members of 
the World Trade Organization" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 
"nationals of members of the World Trade Organization or nationals of Contracting Parties to the 
Trademark Law Treaty"; "preceding two Articles" in paragraph (3) of the said Article shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "Article 43"; and "preceding two paragraphs" in paragraph (3) of the 
said paragraph  shall be deemed to be replaced with "preceding paragraph."  
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3) of Articles 33 and paragraphs (4) to (7) of Article 34  (Right 
to obtain patent) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the rights deriving from an 
application for trademark registration.  
 
(Right to monetary claim, etc. prior to registration of establishment of trademark right)  
Article 13 -2 (1) Where an applicant for trademark registration issues a warning after filing an 
application for trademark registration by presenting a document stating a description of the 
application, the applicant may claim against any person who uses the trademark pertaining to 
the application, for the  designated goods or designated services in the application during the 
period from the warning to the registration of establishment of the trademark right, the payment 
of money in the amount equivalent to the loss incurred in the course of business due to such use.  
(2) The right to claim under the preceding paragraph may not be exercised prior to the registration 
of establishment of the trademark right.  
(3) The exercise of the right to claim under paragraph (1) shall not preclude the exercise of the 
tradema rk right.  
(4) The right to claim under paragraph (1) shall be deemed never to have arisen in any of the 
following cases: where an application for trademark registration is abandoned, withdrawn or 
dismissed; where an examiner's decision or a trial decision to the effect that an application for 
trademark registration is to be refused becomes final and binding; where a ruling to rescind a 
trademark under Article 43 -3(2) becomes final and binding; or where, excluding the cases falling 
under the proviso to Artic le 46 -2(1), a trial decision to the effect that a trademark registration is 
to be invalidated becomes final and binding.  
(5) The provisions of Articles 27 and 37 of this Act, Articles 104 -3(1) and (2), 105, 105 -2, 105 -4 to 
105-6 and 106 of the Patent Act a s applied mutatis mutandis under Article 39 of this Act, and 
Articles paragraphs (3) to (6) of Article 168 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under 
Article 56(1) of this Act and Articles 719 and 724 (Tort) of the Civil Code (Act No.89 of 1896) s hall 
apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise of the right to claim under paragraph (1). In this case, 
where prior to the registration of the establishment of the trademark right, the person having 
the right to claim becomes aware of the fact that the tradem ark in connection with the application 
for trademark registration is used, and the identity of the person using the trademark, the term 15 "by the victim or his/her legal representative within three years from the time when he/she comes 
to know of the damages  and the identity of the perpetrator" in Article 724 of the said Code shall 
be deemed to be replaced with "by the person having the right to claim within three years from 
the date of the registration of the establishment of the trademark right."  
 
CHAPTER I II EXAMINATION  
 
(Examination by an examiner)  
Article 14  The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall direct the examination of applications for 
trademark registration by an examiner.  
 
(Examiner's decision of refusal)  
Article 15  Where an application for trad emark registration falls under any of the following items, 
the examiner shall render a decision to the effect that the application is to be refused:  
(i) the trademark pertaining to an application for trademark registration is not registrable 
pursuant to th e provisions of Articles 3, 4(1), 7 -2(1), 8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including the case of its 
mutatis mutandis application under Article 52 -2(2)), 53(2) of this Act or Article 25 of the Patent 
Act as applied mutatis mutandis under 77(3) of this Act;  
(ii) the trad emark pertaining to an application for trademark registration is not registrable 
pursuant to the provisions of a relevant treaty; or  
(iii) the application for trademark registration does not comply with the requirements provided in 
Article 5(5), or Article  6(1) or 6(2).  
 
(Notification of reasons for refusal)  
Article 15 -2 Where the examiner intends to render a decision to the effect that an application is to 
be refused, the examiner shall notify the applicant for trademark registration of the reasons for 
refusal and provide the applicant an opportunity to submit a written opinion, designating a 
reasonable time limit for such purpose.  
 
Article 15 -3 (1) Where a trademark pertaining to an application for trademark registration is 
identical with, or similar to , another person's trademark pertaining to an application for 
trademark registration filed prior to the filing date of the said application, if the said trademark 
is used for goods or services identical with, or similar to, the designated goods or designat ed 
services pertaining to such other person's trademark, the examiner may notify the applicant for 
trademark registration of the fact that the said application for trademark registration will fall 
under Article 15(i) when the said other person's trademark is registered, and provide the 
applicant with an opportunity to submit a written opinion, designating a reasonable time limit 
for such purpose.  16 (2) Where the notification set forth in the preceding paragraph has already been served and the 
said other perso n's trademark is registered, the examiner shall not be required to serve the 
notification set forth in the preceding Article.  
 
(Examiner's decision of trademark registration)  
Article 16  Where no reasons for refusal are found in connection with an application for trademark 
registration within the time limit provided by Cabinet Order, the examiner shall render a 
decision to the effect that the trademark is to be registered.  
 
(Dismissal of amendment)  
Article 16 -2 (1) Where an amendment made to the des ignated goods or designated services, or to 
the trademark for which registration is sought as stated in the application, is considered to cause 
any change of the gist thereof, the examiner shall dismiss the amendment by a ruling.  
(2) The ruling dismissing an amendment under the preceding paragraph shall be made in writing 
and state reasons therefor.  
(3) Where a ruling dismissing an amendment under paragraph (1) is rendered, the examiner shall 
not render any decision on the said application for trademark reg istration before the expiration 
of a three month period from the date of service of a transcript of the ruling.  
(4) Where an applicant for trademark registration files a request for a trial under Article 45(1) 
against the ruling dismissing an amendment und er paragraph (1), the examiner shall suspend 
the examination of the application for trademark registration until the trial decision becomes 
final and binding.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of the Patent Act)  
Article 17  The provisions of Articles 47(2) (Qu alification of Examiners), 48 (Exclusion of 
Examiners), 52 (Formal Requirements for Examination) and 54 (Relationship with Litigation) of 
the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the examination of applications for trademark 
registration.  In this cas e, the term "a trial decision" in Article 54(1) of the Patent Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "a ruling on an opposition to registration or a trial decision."  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of the Design Act)  
Article 17 -2 (1) The provision of Artic le 17 -3 (New Application for Designs as Amended) of the 
Design Act (Act No. 125 of 1959) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where an amendment 
is dismissed by a ruling pursuant to Article 16 -2(1) of this Act.  
(2) The provision of Article 17 -4 of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case of an 
extension of the time limit provided in Article 17 -3(1) of the Design Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis to the preceding paragraph or Article 55 -2(3) (including its mutatis mutandis 
application under Article 60 -2(2)) of this Act.  
 
CHAPTER IV TRADEMARK RIGHT S 17 Section 1 Trademark Right s 
 
(Registration of establishment of trademark right)  
Article 18  (1) A trademark right shall arise upon registration of establishment of such right.  
(2) Where the registration fee under Article 40(1) or the registration fee due and payable within 
thirty days from the date of service of a transcript of an examiner's decision or a trial decision to 
the effect that a trademark is to be registered pursuant to Article 41 -2(1) is paid, the 
establishment of the trademark right shall be registered.  
(3) Upon registration set forth in the preceding paragraph, the following matters shall be published 
in the trademark bulletin:  
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the h older of trademark right;  
(ii) the number and date of the application for trademark registration;  
(iii) the trademark stated in the application;  
(iv) the designated goods or designated services;  
(v) the registration number and the date of registration of e stablishment; and  
(vi) other necessary matters in addition to those listed in the preceding items.  
(4) The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall make application documents and their annexed 
articles available for public inspection at the Patent Office fo r two months from the date of 
issuance of the trademark bulletin containing matters listed in each item of the preceding 
paragraph (hereinafter referred to as "bulletin containing the trademark") pursuant to the 
provisions of the preceding paragraph; provi ded, however, that this shall not apply to documents 
or articles that are likely to damage the reputation or disturb the peaceful existence of an 
individual or to cause damage to public policy, and the Commissioner of the Patent Office finds 
necessary to b e kept confidential.  
(5) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office intends to make available for public inspection 
documents or articles which are likely to damage the reputation or disturb the peaceful existence 
of an individual and are other than those  the Commissioner of the Patent Office finds necessary 
to be kept confidential pursuant to the proviso set forth in the preceding paragraph, the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office shall notify the person who submitted the documents or the 
articles thereof a nd the reasons therefor.  
 
(Duration)  
Article 19  (1) The duration of a trademark right shall expire after ten years from the date of 
registration of establishment of such right.  
(2) The duration of a trademark right may be renewed by the holder of trademark  right by filing an 
application for registration of renewal.  
(3) Where the renewal of the duration of the trademark right is registered, the duration shall have 
been renewed at the time of expiration of the duration.  
 
(Application for registration of renewal of duration)  18 Article 20  (1) A person filing a request for registration of renewal of the duration of a trademark 
right shall submit to the Commissioner of the Patent Office an application stating the following 
matters:  
(i) the name and the domicile  or residence of the applicant;  
(ii) the registration number of the trademark registration; and  
(iii) in addition to those listed in the preceding two items, the matters provided by Ordinance  of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(2) An applicati on for registration of renewal shall be filed during the period from six months prior 
to the expiration of the duration of a trademark right to the date of expiration thereof.  
(3) Where the holder of trademark right is unable to file an application for reg istration of renewal 
within the time limit provided in the preceding paragraph, the holder of trademark right may 
file the said application within the time limit as provided in Ordinance  of the Ministry of 
Economy, Trade and Industry,  even after the expira tion of the said time limit.  
(4) Where the holder of trademark right fails to file an application for registration of renewal within 
the time limit for such request pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the 
trademark right shall be deemed t o have been extinguished retroactively from the time of the 
expiration of its duration.  
 
(Restoration of trademark right)  
Article 21  (1) Where the original holder of a trademark right which was deemed to have been 
extinguished pursuant to Article 20(4) has justifiable reasons for having been unable to file an 
application for registration of renewal within the time limit for such application  pursuant to 
Article 20(3), the original holder of the trademark right may file the said application only within 
the time limit as provided in Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(2) Where an application for registration of renewal is  filed under the preceding paragraph, the 
duration shall be deemed to have been renewed retroactively at the time of expiration of the 
duration.  
 
(Limitations of effects of restored trademark right)  
Article 22  The effects of a trademark right restored purs uant to Article 21(2) may not extend to the 
following acts committed after the expiration of the time limit for the filing of the application for 
registration of renewal provided in Article 20(3) and before the registration of renewal of the 
duration of th e trademark right by the application under Article 21(1):  
(i) the use of the registered trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated 
services; and  
(ii) the acts provided for in each item of Article37.  
 
(Registration of renewal of duratio n) 19 Article 23  (1) Where the registration fee under Article 40(2) or the registration fee due and payable 
at the time of filing of the application for registration of renewal pursuant to the provision of 
Article 41-2(7) is paid, the renewal of the duration of the trademark right shall be registered.  
(2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, where an application for registration of renewal is 
filed pursuant to Article 20(3) or 21(1), the renewal of the duration of the trademark right shall 
be registered at  the time of payment of the registration fee under Article 40(2) and the 
registration surcharge under Article 43(1), or the registration fee due and payable at the time of 
filing of the application for registration of renewal under Article 41-2(7) and the registration 
surcharge under Article 43(2).  
(3) Upon registration as set forth under the preceding two paragraphs, the following matters shall 
be published in the trademark bulletin:  
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the holder of trademark right;  
(ii) the registration number and the date of registration of renewal; and  
(iii) other necessary matters in addition to those listed in the preceding two items.  
 
(Division of trademark right)  
Article 24  (1) Where there are two or more designated good s or designated services for which a 
trademark right shall apply, the trademark right may be divided for each of the designated goods 
or designated services.  
(2) Where a request for a trial is filed under Article 46(3) , the division provided for in the pre ceding 
paragraph may be made even after the extinguishment of the trademark right, provided that a 
trial, retrial or court proceeding in connection with the case is pending.  
 
(Transfer of trademark right)  
Article 24 -2 (1) Where there are two or more design ated goods or designated services, the trademark 
right may be divided into each of the designated goods or services in transferring such right.  
(2) A trademark right in connection with an application for trademark registration which falls 
under Article 4(2 ) filed by the State, a local government, an agency thereof, or a non -profit 
organization undertaking a business for public interest may not be assigned.  
(3) A trademark right in connection with an application for trademark registration that falls under 
Article 4(2) filed by a non -profit enterprise undertaking a business for public interest, may not 
be transferred unless the business is transferred together with such right.  
(4) A trademark right in connection with a regionally based collective trademark may  not be 
assigned.  
 
(Transfer of collective trademark right)  
Article 24 -3 (1) Upon transfer, the trademark right to a collective trademark shall be deemed to 
have been converted to a regular trademark right, except in the case as provided in the following 
paragraph.  20 (2) Where the right holder of a collective trademark desires to transfer the collective trademark 
right, the said right holder shall submit an application for registration of transfer accompanied 
by a document stating thereof, and the documents p rovided in Article 7(3), to the Commissioner 
of the Patent Office.  
 
(Request for indication to prevent confusion arising from transfer of trademark right)  
Article 24 -4 Where, as a result of transfer of a trademark right, the trademark right to a similar 
registered trademark to be used in connection with identical goods or services, or the trademark 
right to an identical or similar registered trademark to be used in connection with similar goods 
or services becomes owned by a different holder of trademark ri ght, if the use of one of such 
registered trademarks for its designated goods or designated services by its holder of trademark 
right, exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use is likely to damage business interests 
(limited to those pertaining to the designated goods or designated services using the said other 
registered trademark) of the other holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use, the other 
holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use may request the holder of tradem ark right, 
exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use to affix an indication that may sufficiently 
prevent any confusion between the goods or services pertaining to the business of the other party 
and those of its own.  
 
(Effects of trademark right)  
Article 25  The holder of trademark right shall have an exclusive right to use the registered 
trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated services; provided, however, 
that where an exclusive right to use the trademark is establish ed in connection with the 
trademark right, this provision shall not apply to the extent that the holder of exclusive right to 
use has an exclusive right to use the registered trademark.  
 
(Limitations of effects of trademark right)  
Article 26  (1) A trademark right shall have no effect on any of the following trademarks (including 
those which constitute part of other trademarks):  
(i) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, one's own portrait, name, famous pseudonym, 
professional name, pen name or famous abbreviation thereof;  
(ii) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, the common name, place of origin, place of sale, 
quality, raw materials, efficacy, intended purpose, shape,  the method or features including time  
of production or use , quantity o r price  of the designated goods or goods similar thereto, or the 
common name, location of provision, quality, articles to be used in such provision, efficacy, 
intended purpose, modes,  method or  features including time  of provision , quantity or price  of 
services similar to the designated goods;  
(iii) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, the common name, location of provision, quality, 
articles to be used in such provision, efficacy, intended purpose,  modes,  method or features 
including time, quantity or price  of provision of the designated services or services similar 21 thereto, or the common name, place of origin, place of sale, quality, raw materials, efficacy, 
intended purpose, modes , the method or  features including time  of production or use , quantit y 
or price  of goods similar to the designated services;  
(iv) a trademark customarily used for the designated goods or designated services or goods or 
services similar thereto; or  
(v) a trademark consisting solely of features provided by Cabinet Order among  features that are 
naturally provided to goods, etc.; and  
(vi) in addition to those listed in each of the preceding items, a trademark which is not used in such 
a mode that consumers may recognize the goods or services as those pertaining to the business 
of a particular person.  
(2) Item (i) of the preceding paragraph shall not apply where, after the registration of establishment 
of the trademark right, one's own portrait, name, famous pseudonym, professional name, pen 
name or famous abbreviation thereof is used for the purpose of unfair competition.  
(3) A trademark right shall have no effect against any of the following acts; provided, however, that 
this shall apply only if such act is not performed for the purpose of unfair competition:  
(i) to affix a geogr aphical indication prescribed in Article 2(3) of the Act on Protection of the Names 
of Specific Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Products and Foodstuffs (Act No. 84 of 2014; 
hereinafter referred to as the "Specific Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Prod uct Name 
Protection Act") (hereinafter referred to as a "geographical indication" in the following item and 
item (iii)) to goods or packages of goods pursuant to the provisions of Article 3(1) of the said Act 
(including cases where applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 30 of the said Act following 
the deemed replacement of terms; the same shall apply in the following item and item (iii));  
(ii) to assign, deliver, display for the purpose of assignment or delivery, import or export goods or 
packages of  goods to which a geographical indication has been affixed pursuant to the provisions 
of Article 3(1) of the Specific Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Product Name Protection Act; or  
(iii) to display an invoice of goods with a geographical indication aff ixed thereto pursuant to the 
provisions of Article 3(1) of the Specific Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Product Name 
Protection Act.  
 
(Scope of registered trademark, etc.)  
Article 27  (1) The scope of a registered trademark shall be determined based on the trademark 
stated in the application.  
(2) The scope of the designated goods or designated services shall be determined based on the 
statement in the application.  
(3) In the case of paragraph (1), meanings of statement of the trademark stated in the application 
shall be interpreted by considering the statement and materials of Article 5(4).  
 
Article 28  (1) A request for an advisory opinion on the effects of a trademark right may be filed to 
the Patent Office.  22 (2) Upon receipt of the request under the preceding paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office shall designate three administrative judge s and have them make an advisory opinion.  
(3) Articles 71(3) and 71(4) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the advisory opinion 
provided for in paragraph (1).  
 
Article 28 -2 (1) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office is commissioned by a court to provide 
an expert opinion on the effects of a trademark right, the Commissioner shall designate three 
administrative judge s and have them provide such expert opinion.  
(2) Articles 71 -2(2) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the commissioned provision 
of the expert opinion provided for in paragraph (1).  
 
(Relationship with another person's patent right, etc.)  
Article 29  Where the use of  a registered trademark in a particular manner in connection with its 
designated goods or designated services conflicts with another person's right to a patent, utility 
model or design for which an application has been filed prior to the filing date of an application 
of the said registered trademark or upon another person's copyright or neighboring right arising 
prior to the filing date of the same, the holder of trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -
exclusive right to use may not use the registere d trademark in the same manner on the conflicting 
part of the designated goods or designated services.  
 
(Exclusive right to use)  
Article 30  (1) The holder of trademark right may establish an exclusive right to use to the 
trademark to which he/she holds the  right; provided, however, that this provision shall not apply 
to the trademark right pertaining to an application for trademark registration provided in Article 
4(2) or a regionally based collective trademark.  
(2) The holder of exclusive right to use shal l have an exclusive right to use a registered trademark 
in connection with the designated goods or designated services to the extent provided by the 
agreement under which such right is granted.  
(3) The exclusive right to use may be transferred only where t he consent of the holder of trademark 
right is obtained or where the transfer falls under general succession including inheritance.  
(4) Articles 77(4) and 77(5) (establishment of pledge, etc.), 97(2) (waiver), and 98(1)(ii) and 98(2) 
(effects of registrati on) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an exclusive right to 
use. 
 
(Non -exclusive right to use)  
Article 31  (1) The holder of trademark right may grant to another person a non -exclusive right to 
use to the trademark to which he/she holds the right; provided, however, that this provision shall 
not apply to the trademark right pertaining to an application for trademark registration provided 
in Article 4(2).  23 (2) The holder of non -exclusive right to use shall have the right to use the registered t rademark for 
the designated goods or designated services to the extent provided by the agreement under which 
such right is granted.  
(3) A non -exclusive right to use may be transferred only where the consent of the holder of 
trademark right (the holders of trademark right and of exclusive right to use in the case of a non -
exclusive right to use granted in connection with an exclusive right to use) is obtained or where 
the transfer falls under general succession including inheritance.  
(4) When a non -exclusive  right to use is registered,  the non -exclusive right to use shall have effect 
on any person who subsequently acquires the trademark r ight or the exclusive right to use, or 
the exclusive right to use on the trademark right.  
(5) The transfer, modification, extinguishment or restriction on disposition of a non -exclusive right 
to use shall have no effect on any third party unless registered.  
(6) Articles 73(1) (joint ownership), 94(2) (establishment of right of pledge) and 97(3) (waiver) of the 
Patent Act shal l apply mutatis mutandis to a non -exclusive right to use.  
 
(Right of members of corporation or association)  
Article 31 -2 (1) Members of a juridical person provided in Article 7(1) holding a trademark right to 
a collective trademark (hereinafter referred to  as "collective members") or members of an 
association, etc. holding a trademark right to a regionally based collective trademark (hereinafter 
referred to as "regional collective members") shall have the right to use a registered trademark 
relating to coll ective trademark or regionally based collective trademark for the designated goods 
or designated services as provided by the said juridical person or association, etc.; provided, 
however, that in the case and only to the extent that an exclusive right to u se the registered 
trademark (limited to the trademark right pertaining to a collective trademark) has been 
established.  
(2) The right provided for in the main clause of the preceding paragraph may not be transferred.  
(3) For the purpose of application of A rticles 24 -4, 29, 50, 52 -2, 53 and 73, collective members or 
regional collective members shall be deemed to be holders of non -exclusive right to use.  
(4) For the purpose of the application of Article 33(1)(iii) in relation to registered trademarks in 
conne ction with collective trademarks and regionally based collective trademarks, "or a person 
who has the non -exclusive right to use which is effective regarding the trademark right or the 
exclusive right to use under Article 31(4) of this Act. " in the said i tem shall read, "or a person 
who has the non -exclusive right to use which is effective regarding the trademark right or the 
exclusive right to use under Article 31(4) of this Act, or collective members or regional collective 
members who have the right to u se the said trademark."  
 
(Right to use trademark arising from prior use)  
Article 32  (1) Where a trademark identical with, or similar to, the trademark for which the 
application is filed by another person has been used in Japan in connection with the designated 
goods or designated services of the trademark for which the application is file d, or in connection 24 with goods or services similar thereto, without any intention to be engaged in unfair competition, 
from the time prior to the filing of such other person's application for the said trademark 
registration, and as a result, at the time of  filing of the application for trademark registration (at 
the time of filing of the original application for trademark registration or the submission of a 
written amendment, if the application for trademark registration is deemed to have been filed at 
the time of submission of a written amendment under Article 9 -4 of this Act or Article 17 -3(1) of 
the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 17 -2(1) or 55 -2(3) of this Act (including 
its mutatis mutandis application under Article 60 -2(2))), such trademark has become well known 
among consumers as that indicating goods or services pertaining to the business of the person, 
the person shall have the right to use the trademark in connection with such goods or services as 
far as the said person continuo usly uses the trademark for the goods or services.  The same shall 
apply to those by whom such business is succeeded.  
(2) The holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use may request the person who has the 
right to use the trademark pursuant to th e preceding paragraph to affix an indication that may 
sufficiently prevent any confusion between the goods or services pertaining to the business of the 
said person and those of its own.  
 
Article 32 -2 (1) Any person who has been using in Japan a trademark identical with, or similar to, 
a regionally based collective trademark for which an application for registration is filed by 
another person in connection with the designated goods or designated services for which the 
application for trademark registration is filed, or in connection with goods or services similar 
thereto, without any intention to be engaged in unfair competition, prior to the filing of such 
other person's application for trademark registration of the said regionally based collective 
trademar k, shall have the right to use the trademark in connection with such goods or services 
as far as the said person continuously uses the trademark in connection with such goods or 
services.  The same shall apply to those by whom such business is succeeded.  
(2) The holder of trademark right may request the person who has the right to use the trademark 
pursuant to the preceding paragraph to affix an indication that may sufficiently prevent any 
confusion between the goods or services pertaining to the business of  the said person and those 
of its own or its members.  
 
(Right to use trademark arising from use prior to registration of request for invalidation trial)  
Article 33  (1) Where, prior to the registration of a request for a trial provided for in Article 46(1),  a 
person falling under any of the following items has been using in Japan a registered trademark 
or a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services or 
goods or services similar thereto without the knowledge that the said trademark registration falls 
under any of the items of the said paragraph, and the said trademark has become well known 
among consumers as that indicating goods or services pertaining to its business, the person shall 
have the right to use the tra demark in connection with such goods or services as far as the said 25 person continuously uses the trademark for such goods or services; the same shall apply to those 
by whom such business is succeeded:  
(i) the original holder of trademark right, where one o f two or more trademark registrations for 
identical or similar trademarks to be used in connection with identical or similar designated 
goods or designated services has been invalidated;  
(ii) the original holder of trademark right, where the trademark regi stration has been invalidated 
and a trademark identical with, or similar to, such trademark to be used in connection with 
identical or similar designated goods or designated services is registered for the person who is 
entitled to such a trademark; or  
(iii) in the case of the preceding two items, a person who, at the time of registration of the request 
for a trial under Article 46(1), has the exclusive right to use of the trademark right of the 
trademark registration which has been invalidated or a person w ho has the non -exclusive right 
to use which is effective regarding the trademark right or the exclusive right to use under Article 
31(4) of this Act.  
(2) The said holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use shall be entitled to receive 
reasonabl e compensation from the person who has the right to use the trademark pursuant to 
the preceding paragraph.  
(3) Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to paragraph (1).  
 
(Right to use trademark after expiration of duration of patent right, etc.)  
Article  33-2 (1) Where a patent right of an application that has been filed prior to or on the same 
date as the filing date of an application for trademark registration conflicts with the trademark 
right of the application for trademark registration, upon expirat ion of the duration of the said 
patent right, the original patent right holder shall have the right to use the registered trademark 
or a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services 
specified in the application, or goods or services similar thereto, within the limits of the original 
patent right; provided, however, that such trademark is not used for the purpose of unfair 
competition.  
(2) Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding paragraph.  
(3) T he preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis, where a utility model or design 
right of an application that has been filed prior to or on the same date as the filing date of an 
application for trademark registration conflicts with the trademark right of the application for 
trademark registration, upon expiration of the duration of such utility model right or design 
right.  
 
Article 33 -3 (1) Where a patent right of an application that has been filed prior to or on the same 
date as the filing date o f an application for trademark registration conflicts with the trademark 
right of the application for trademark registration, upon expiration of the duration of the said 
patent right, the person who, at the time of expiration of the duration of the patent right, has the 
exclusive license to work the patent right, or a non -exclusive license to work which is effective on 26 the patent right or on the exclusive license to work, shall have the right to use the registered 
trademark or a trademark similar thereto, w ithin the limits of the original patent right, in 
connection with the designated goods or designated services specified in the application for 
trademark registration, or goods or services similar thereto; provided, however, that such 
trademark is not used for the purpose of unfair competition.  
(2) Articles 32(2) and 33(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding paragraph.  
(3) The preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis, where a utility model or a design 
right of an application which has been filed prior to or on the same date as the filing date of an 
application for trademark registration conflicts with the trademark right of the application for 
trademark registration, upon expiration of the duration of such utility model right or design 
right.  
 
(Pledges)  
Article 34  (1) Where a pledge is established on a trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -
exclusive right to use, unless otherwise provided for by contract, the pledgee may not use the 
registered trademark in connection with the de signated goods or designated services.  
(2) The establishment, transfer, modification, extinguishment or restriction on disposition of a 
pledge on a non -exclusive right to use shall have no effect on  any third party without registration.  
(3) Article 96 (sub rogation) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to pledges on a 
trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use.  
(4) Article 99(3) (effects of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to pledges 
on a non -exclusive right to use.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of the Patent Act)  
Article 35  Article 73 (co -ownership), 76 (Lapse of patent rights in absence of heir), 97(1) (waiver), 
and 98(1)(i) and 98(2) (Effect of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mut atis mutandis to 
trademark rights.  In this case, the term "transfer (excluding those by general succession 
including inheritance)" in Article 98(1)(i) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 
"division and transfer (excluding those by general succession including inheritance)."  
 
Section 2 Infringement of Rights  
 
(Right to demand injunction)  
Article 36  (1) The holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use may demand a person who 
is infringing or is likely to infringe the trademark right  or the exclusive right to use to stop or 
prevent such infringement.  
(2) In making such a demand under the preceding paragraph, the holder of trademark right or of 
exclusive right to use may demand the person to take measures necessary for the prevention o f 
such infringement, including the destruction of articles which constitute the act of infringement 
and the removal of equipment used for or contributing to the act of infringement.  27  
(Acts deemed to constitute infringement)  
Article 37  The following acts shall be deemed to constitute infringement of a trademark right or an 
exclusive right to use:  
(i) the use of a trademark similar to the registered trademark in connection with the designated 
goods or designated services, or the use of the registered tradem ark or a trademark similar 
thereto in connection with goods or services similar to the designated goods or designated 
services;  
(ii) the possession for the purpose of assignment, delivery or export of the designated goods, or goods 
similar to the designate d goods or designated services, affixed with the registered trademark or 
a trademark similar thereto on the goods or their packages;  
(iii) the possession or importation of articles affixed with the registered trademark or a trademark 
similar thereto, that are used in the course of the provision of designated services or services 
similar to the designated services or the designated goods by a person who receives the said 
services, for the purpose of the provision of the said services through use of the said articles;  
(iv) the assignment, delivery, or possession or importation for the purpose of assignment or delivery 
of articles affixed with a registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto, that are used in 
the course of the provision of designated servi ces or services similar to the designated services 
or the designated goods by a person who receives the said services, for the purpose of causing the 
provision of the said services through use of the said products;  
(v) the possession of products indicating  the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto, 
for the purpose of using the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto in connection 
with the designated goods or designated services, or goods or services similar thereto;  
(vi) the assign ment, delivery, or possession for the purpose of assignment or delivery, of articles 
indicating the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto, for the purpose of causing 
the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto to be used in connec tion with the 
designated goods or designated services, or goods or services similar thereto;  
(vii) the manufacture or importation of products indicating the registered trademark or a 
trademark similar thereto, for the purpose of using or causing to be used  the registered 
trademark or a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated 
services or goods or services similar thereto; and  
viii) the manufacture, assignment, delivery or importation, as a business, of products to be u sed 
exclusively for the manufacturing of products indicating the registered trademark or a 
trademark similar thereto.  
 
(Presumption of amount of damage, etc.)  
Article 38  (1) Where a holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use claims against an 
infringer compensation for damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent 
infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive right to use, and the infringer assigned the 
goods that composed the act of infringement, the amount of damage susta ined by the holder of 28 trademark right or of exclusive right to use may be presumed to be the amount of profit per unit 
of goods which would have been sold by the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use 
if there had been no such act of infrin gement, multiplied by the quantity of goods assigned by the 
infringer (hereinafter referred to as the "Assigned Quantity"), the maximum of which shall be 
the amount attainable by the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use in light of the 
capability of the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use to use such goods; provided, 
however, that if any circumstances exist under which the holder of trademark right or of exclusive 
right to use would have been unable to sell the assigned quantity in whole or in part, the amount 
calculated as the number of goods not able to be sold due to such circumstances shall be deducted.  
(2) Where the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use claims against an infringer 
compensation for da mage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of the 
trademark right or the exclusive right to use, and the infringer earned profits from the act of 
infringement, the amount of profits earned by the infringer shall be presumed to be the amount 
of damage sustained by the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use.  
(3) The holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use may claim against an infringer 
compensation for damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of the 
trademark right or the exclusive right to use, by regarding the amount the holder of trademark 
right or of exclusive right to use would have been entitled to receive for the use of the registered 
trademark as the amount of damage sustained.  
(4) Where a holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use claims against an infringer 
compensation for damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of the 
trademark right or the exclusive right to use , and the infringement has been committed by using 
a registered trademark (including a trademark deemed identical from a common sense 
perspective with the registered trademark, including a trademark consisting of characters 
identical with the registered tr ademark but in different fonts, a trademark that is written in 
different characters, Hiragana characters, Katakana characters, or Latin alphabetic characters, 
from the registered trademark but identical with he registered trademark in terms of 
pronunciatio n and concept, and a trademark consisting of figures that are considered identical in 
terms of appearance with those of the registered trademark; the same shall apply in Article 50) 
in connection with the designated goods or designated services, the amount  of damage sustained 
by the holder of trademark right or of exclusive right to use may be presumed to be the amount 
equivalent to the expenses normally required for the acquisition and maintenance of the 
trademark right.  
(5) The preceding two paragraphs shall not prevent any relevant party from claiming compensation 
for damage in an amount exceeding the amount provided therein. In this case, where the infringer 
committed the infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive right to use without intent 
or gross negligence, the court may take these circumstances into consideration in determining 
the amount of damages to be awarded.  
 
(Limitation to assertion)  29 Article 38 -2 Where the following trial decisions or rulings have become final and binding after th e 
final judgment on a litigation pertaining to infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive 
right to use or to a claim for payment of money as provided in Article 13 -2(1) (including cases 
where it is applied mutatis mutandis in Article 68(1)) has b ecome final and binding, a person who 
was a party of the said litigation may not claim that the said trial decisions or rulings have 
become final and binding in the appeal for retrial against the said final judgment (including 
appeals for the purpose of th e claim of the compensation for damages against an obligee of a case 
of provisional seizure order in which the said litigation is the case and appeals for the purpose of 
the claim of the compensation for damages and the return for unjust enrichment against  an 
obligee of the case of provisional disposition order in which the said litigation is the case):  
(i) appeal/trial  decision to the effect that the said trademark registration is to be invalidated;  
(ii) a decision to the effect that the said trademark reg istration is to be rescinded.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of the Patent Act)  
Article 39  Articles 103 (Presumption of negligence), 104 -2 (Obligation to clarify the specific 
condition); 104 -3(1) and (2) (Restriction on exercise of rights of patentee, etc. ), 105 to 105 -6 
(Production of documents, etc.; Expert opinion for calculation of damages; Determination of 
reasonable damages; Protective order; Rescission of protective order and Notice, etc. of a request 
inspection of record, etc.) and 106 (Measures to restore credibility) of the Patent Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to the infringement of a trademark right and an exclusive right to use.  
 
Section 3 Registration Fees  
 
(Registration fees)  
Article 40  (1) A person obtaining the registration of establishmen t of a trademark right shall pay 
as a registration fee for each trademark registration the amount of 28,200 yen multiplied by the 
number of classes (referring to classes of goods and services provided by Cabinet Order provided 
for in Article 6(2), to which  the designated goods or designated services belong; the same shall 
apply hereinafter).  
(2) A person filing a request for the registration of renewal of the duration of a trademark right 
shall pay as a registration fee for each trademark registration the a mount of 38,800  yen 
multiplied by the number of classes.  
(3) The preceding two paragraphs shall not apply to trademark rights belonging to the State.  
(4) Where a trademark right is jointly owned by the State and a person or persons other than the 
State, and the portion of their respective shares of the said trademark right has been agreed, 
notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the registration fee pro vided for in the said paragraphs 
shall be the amount of the registration fee provided in the said paragraphs multiplied by the total 
ratio of the share of each person other than the State, which shall be paid by the person or persons 
other than the State.  30 (5) Any fractional figures of the registration fee calculated in accordance with the preceding 
paragraph smaller than 10 yen, if any, shall be discarded.  
(6) The registration fee provided for in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be paid by patent revenue 
stamps as provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; provided, 
however, that the payment may be made in cash if permitted under the Ordinance  of the Ministry 
of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
 
(Time limit for payment of registration fees)  
Article 41  (1) The registration fee under Article 40(1) shall be paid within 30 days from the service 
of a transcript of an examiner's decision or a n appeal/trial  decision to the effect that a trademark 
is to be registered.  
(2) Upon the request of a person required to pay the registration fee, the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office may extend the period of time provided in the preceding paragraph by a maxi mum of 30 
days.  
(3) Where a person required to pay the registration fee  is unable to pay the registration fee within 
the time limit under paragraph (1) (where the time limit under the preceding paragraph is 
extended, the extended time limit),  the said pers on may, in accordance with Ordinance  of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, pay the said registration fee  only within the time limit 
as provided in Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, even after the 
expiration of the time lim it. 
(4) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of a person required to pay a registration fee, the 
person is unable to pay the registration fee within the time limit for payment of the registration 
fee provided in the preceding paragraph, the said person  may, notwithstanding the provisions of 
the said paragraph, pay the registration fee within 14 days (two months for resident abroad) from 
the date on which the reasons for not paying ceased to be applicable, but not later than six months 
after the expirati on of the said time limit.  
(5) The registration fee under Article 40(2) shall be paid at the time of filing of a request for renewal 
of registration.  
 
(Payment of registration fee by installments)  
Article 41 -2 (1) Notwithstanding Article 40(1), a person ob taining a registration of establishment 
of a trademark right may pay the prescribed registration fee by installments. In this case, 16,400  
yen multiplied by the number of classes shall be paid for each trademark registration within 30 
days from the service of a transcript of an examiner's decision or appeal/trial  decision to the effect 
that a trademark is to be registered, and an additional 16,400  yen multiplied by the number of 
classes shall be paid for each trademark registration no later than five years prior to the 
expiration of the duration of the trademark right.  
(2) Upon the request of a person required to pay the registration fee  to be paid within 30 days from 
the service of a transcript of an examiner's decision or appeal/trial decision to the effect that a 
trademark is to be registered  has been made under the preceding paragraph (hereinafter, 31 referred to as "an earlier -installation r egistration fee") , the Commissioner of the Patent Office  
may extend the time limit as provided in the said paragraph  by a period not exceeding 30 days.  
(3) Where a person required to pay an earlier -installment registration fee  is unable to pay the fee 
with in the time limit during which the said person is required to pay the fee (where the time 
limit under the preceding paragraph is extended, within the extended time limit), the said person 
may, in accordance with Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, pay the 
earlier -installment  registration fee  only within the time limit as provided in Ordinance  of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, even after the expiration of the time limit . 
(4) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of a pe rson required to pay an earlier -installment 
registration fee, the person is unable to pay the earlier -installment registration fee within the 
time limit for payment of the fee as provided in the preceding paragraph, the said person may, 
notwithstanding the  provision of the said paragraph, pay the registration fee within 14 days (two 
months for a resident abroad) from the date on which the reasons for not paying the fee ceased 
to be applicable, but not later than six months after the expiration of the said t ime limit.  
(5) Where a person required to pay a registration fee due and payable no later than five years prior 
to the expiration of the duration of the trademark right under paragraph (1) (hereinafter referred 
to as "a later -installment registration fee")  is unable to pay the later -installment registration fee  
within the time limit during which the said person is required to pay the fee , the person may 
make a late payment of the said later -installment registration fee even after the expiration of the 
said time limit, but not later than 6 months following the expiration of the said time limit.  
(6) Where the later -installment registration fee and the registration surcharge under Article 43 (3) 
have not been paid within the time limit for late payment of the later -installment registration 
fee under the preceding paragraph, the trademark right shall be deemed to have been 
extinguished retroactively upon the day which is five years prior to the expiration of the duration 
of the trademark right . 
(7) Notwithstanding Article 40(2), a person filing a request for the registration of renewal of the 
duration of a trademark right may pay the prescribed registration fee by installments. In this 
case, the said applicant shall pay 22,600  yen multiplied by the  number of classes for each 
trademark registration at the time of filing of the request for the registration of renewal, and an 
additional 22,600  yen multiplied by the number of classes for each trademark registration no 
later than five years prior to the expiration of the duration of the trademark right.  
(8) The provisions of paragraphs ( 5) and (6) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where late 
payment of the registration fee to be paid not later than five years prior to the  expiration of the 
duration  of the trademark right  under the preceding paragraph , is made . In this case, the term 
"paragraph (1)" in paragraph (5) shall be deemed to be replaced with "paragraph (7)".  
(9) The provisions of paragraphs (3) to (5) of Article 40 shall apply mutatis mutan dis to paragraphs 
(1) and ( 7). 
 
(Restoration of a trademark right by late payment  of a later -installment registration fee ) 32 Article 41 -3 (1) Where the original holder of a trademark right which was deemed to have been 
extinguished pursuant to Article 41 -2(6) has justifiable reasons for having been unable to pay the 
later -installment registration fee and the registration surcharge under Article 43(3)  within the time 
limit for late payment of the later -installment registration fee as provided in the paragraph (5) of 
the said Article , the said original holder may make a late payment  for such later -installment 
registration fee and registration surcharge only within the time limit provided by Ordinance  of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(2) Where a late payment  of the later -installment registration fee and the registration surcharge 
under Article 43(3) is made under the preceding paragraph, the trademark right shall be deemed 
to have been existed retroactively since  the day preceding the five years p rior to the expiration of 
the duration.  
(3) The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where 
late payment  of the registration fee to be paid not later than five years prior to the expiration of 
the duration of the trademark right and the registration surcharge under Article 43(3) are made 
under paragraph (7) of the preceding Article.  
 
(Limitations of effects of trademark right restored by late payment  of a later -installment 
registration fee, etc.)  
Article 41 -4 The effects of a trademark right restored pursuant to paragraph (2) of the preceding 
Article may not be effective against  the following acts conducted  after the expiration of the time 
limit for the late payment  of a later -installment registration fee but before the registration that the 
trademark right  is deemed to have been existed pursuant to paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, 
under Article 41 -2(5): 
(i) the use of the registered trademark in connection with the designated goods or the designated 
services; and  
(ii) the acts provided for in each item of Article37.  
(2) The provision of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to the effects  of a 
trademark right restored pursuant to paragraph (2) of the preceding Article  as applied mutatis 
mutandis pu rsuant to paragraph (3) of the preceding Article . 
 
(Payment of registration fee by interested person)  
Article 41 -5 (1) Any interested person may make payment of the registration fee (excluding the 
registration fee due and payable at the time of filing of a request for renewal of registration) even 
against the intention of the person by whom the said fee is to be paid.  
(2) An interested person who makes payment of the registration fee in accordance with the 
preceding paragraph may demand payment to reimburse the expense thereof from the person by 
whom the said fee was to have been paid, to the extent that the said perso n receives actual 
benefits therefrom.  
 
(Refund of registration fee already paid)  33 Article 42  (1) Only the following registration fees are refundable upon request by a payee:  
(i) a registration fee paid in excess, or in error; or  
(ii) a registration fee due and payable no later than five years prior to the expiration of the duration 
of the trademark right under Article 41 -2(1) or 41 -2(7) (limited to the case where a rescission 
decision under Article 43 -3(2) or appeal/trial  decision to the effect that a tradem ark registration 
is to be invalidated becomes final and binding no later than five years prior to the expiration of 
the duration of the trademark right).  
(2) No refund of any registration fee under the preceding paragraph may be requested after the 
lapse o f one year from the day on which the registration fee is paid in the case of registration fees 
provided for in item (i) of the preceding paragraph and six months from the day on which a 
rescission decision under Article 43 -3(2) or a n appeal/trial  decision becomes final and binding in 
the case of registration fees provided for in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph.  
(3) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of the person, the person filing a request for refund a 
registration fee is unable to file the req uest within the time limit as provided in paragraph (1), 
the said person may, notwithstanding the said paragraph, file the request within 14 days (two 
months for resident abroad) from the date on which the reasons for not filing ceased to be 
applicable, bu t not later than six months after the expiration of the said time limit.  
 
(Registration surcharge)  
Article 43  (1) A person filing a request for renewal of registration under Article 20(3) or 21(1) shall 
pay, in addition to the registration fee due and paya ble under Article 40(2), a surcharge in an 
amount equivalent to the registration fee.  
(2) Where Article 41-2(7) is applicable, a person filing a request provided in the preceding paragraph 
shall pay, in addition to the registration fee due and payable at t he time of filing of the request 
for registration of renewal under Article 41-2(7), a surcharge in an amount equivalent to the 
registration fee.  
(3) Where Article 41-2(5) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 
paragraph (8) of the same Article ) is applicable, the holder of trademark right shall pay, in 
addition to the registration fee due and payable no later than five years prior to the expiration of 
the duration of the trademark right under paragraph (1) or (7) of the same Article , a surcharge 
in an amount equivalent to the registration fee.  
(4) The surcharges under the preceding three paragraphs shall be paid by patent revenue stamps 
as provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; provi ded, however, 
that the payment may be made in cash, if permitted by Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, 
Trade and Industry.  
 
CHAPTER IV -2 OPPOSITION TO REGISTRATION  
 
(Opposition to registration)  34 Article 43 -2 Any person may file with the Commissioner of t he Patent Office an opposition to 
registration within two months from the date of publication of the bulletin containing the 
trademark, on the grounds that the trademark registration falls under any of the following items; 
in this case, an opposition to re gistration may be filed for each of designated goods or designated 
services if the relevant trademark has been registered in connection with two or more designated 
goods or designated services:  
(i) where the trademark registration has been made in violatio n of Article 3, 4(1), 7 -2(1), 8(1), 8(2), 
8(5), 51(2) (including its mutatis mutandis application under Article 52 -2(2)), 53(2) of this Act or 
Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 77(3) of this Act; and  
(ii) where the trad emark registration has been made in violation of a treaty.  
(iii) where the trademark registration has been made for an application for trademark registration 
not satisfying the requirements under Article 5(5).  
 
 (Decision)  
Article 43 -3 (1) An examination a nd decision on an opposition to registration shall be conducted by 
a panel consisting of three or five administrative judge s. 
(2) Where the administrative judge s find the trademark registration pertaining to an opposition to 
registration falls under any of  the items of Article 43 -2, the administrative judge s shall render a 
decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be rescinded (hereinafter referred to 
as "rescission decision").  
(3) Where the rescission decision becomes final and binding, the relevant trademark right shall be 
deemed never to have existed.  
(4) Where the administrative judge s find the trademark registration pertaining to an opposition to 
registration does not fall under any of the items of Article 43 -2, the administrative jud ges shall 
render a decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be maintained.  
(5) The decision under the preceding paragraph shall not be subject to appeal.  
 
(Formal requirements for filing an opposition, etc.)  
Article 43 -4 (1) A person fi ling an opposition to registration of a trademark shall submit to the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office a written opposition stating the following matters:  
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the opponent to the registration and a representative( s) 
thereof;  
(ii) the indication of the trademark registration pertaining to the opposition to registration; and  
(iii) the grounds of the opposition to registration and the indication of supporting evidence.  
(2) An amendment of the written opposition to registration submitted under the preceding 
paragraph shall not change the gist thereof.  Notwithstanding, this provision shall not apply to 
any amendment with respect to the matters provided for in item (iii) of the preceding paragraph; 
provided that such a mendment is made no later than thirty days from the lapse of the term 
provided in Article 43 -2. 35 (3) The Commissioner of the Patent Office may, upon request or ex officio, extend the period 
provided in the preceding paragraph for a person in a remote area o r an area with transportation 
difficulties.  
(4) The chief administrative judge  shall transmit a copy of the written opposition to the holder of 
trademark right.  
(5) Article 46(4)  shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where an opposition to registration is 
filed.  
 
(Designation of administrative judge s, etc.)  
Article 43 -5 Articles 136(2) and 137 to 144 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under 
Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the panel under Article 43 -3(1) and the 
admini strative judge s constituting thereof.  
 
 (Trial Clerk)  
Article 43 -5 (2) The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall designate a trial clerk for each case of 
opposition to registration.  
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (3) to (5) of Article 144 -2 of the Pate nt Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis under Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the trial clerk provided 
for in the preceding paragraph.  
 
(Proceedings of examination, etc.)  
Article 43 -6 (1) The examination of the opposition to registrati on shall be conducted by documentary 
examination; provided, however, that where a petition is filed by the holder of trademark right, 
the opponent, an intervenor or ex officio, the chief administrative judge  may decide to conduct 
the proceedings by oral ex amination.  
(2) Paragraphs (3) to (5) of Articles 145, 146 and 147 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
under Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a n oral examination provided for 
in the proviso to the preceding paragraph.  
(3) Where any ground for suspension or termination of procedures is applicable to one of the joint 
holders of trademark right for an examination and decision on an opposition to registration, the 
said suspension or termination shall have effect on all such joi nt holders of trademark right.  
 
(Intervention)  
Article 43 -7 (1) In an examination to render a decision on an opposition to registration, any person 
who has a right relating to the trademark right or any other person who has an interest in the 
trademark rig ht may intervene in the examination in order to assist the holder of trademark 
right until the decision on the opposition to registration is rendered.  
(2) Articles 148(4), 148(5) and 149 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 
56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the intervenor provided for in the preceding 
paragraph.  36  
(Examination and preservation of evidence)  
Article 43 -8 Articles 150 and 151 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) 
of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the examination and preservation of evidence in the 
examination of the opposition to registration.  
 
(Ex officio examination)  
Article 43 -9 (1) In an examination of an opposition to registration, any grounds not pleaded by the  
holder of trademark right, the opponent or the intervenor may be examined.  
(2) In an examination of an opposition to registration, no examination shall be conducted on any 
designated goods or designated services for which the opposition to registration is  not raised.  
 
(Joint or separate conduct of oppositions)  
Article 43 -10 (1) Where two or more oppositions to registration are filed in relation to the same 
trademark right, unless special circumstances exist, the examinations thereof shall be conducted 
jointly. 
(2) An examination conducted jointly in accordance with the preceding paragraph may later be 
divided.  
 
(Withdrawal of opposition)  
Article 43 -11 (1) An opposition to registration, once filed, may not be withdrawn after the 
notification under Article 43 -12 is served.  
(2) Article 155(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(2) of this Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of an opposition to registration.  
 
(Notification of reasons for rescission)  
Article 43 -12 Where t he chief administrative judge  intends to render a rescission decision, the chief 
administrative judge  shall notify the holder of trademark right and the intervenor of the reasons 
for rescission of the trademark registration and give the said parties an opp ortunity to submit a 
written opinion, designating a reasonable time limit.  
 
(Formal requirements of decision)  
Article 43 -13 (1) The decision with regard to an opposition to registration shall be rendered in 
writing stating the following matters:  
(i) the ca se number of the opposition to registration;  
(ii) the name and the domicile or residence of the holder of trademark right, the opponent, the 
intervenor and their representative(s);  
(iii) an indication of the trademark registration on which the decision was  rendered;  
(iv) the conclusions of and reasons for the decision; and  
(v) the date of the decision.  37 (2) Where a decision has been rendered, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall serve a 
transcript of the decision to the holder of trademark right, the opponent, the intervenor and 
persons whose request for intervention in the examination on the opposition to registration has 
been refused.  
 
(Scope of final and binding decision)  
Article 43 -14 A decision with regard to an opposition to registration shall be come final and binding 
for each case of opposition to registration; provided, however, that the decision with regard to an 
opposition to registration filed against the designated goods or designated services shall become 
final and binding for each designat ed goods or services.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of provisions concerning appeal/trial ) 
Article 43 -15 (1) Articles 133, 133 -2, 134(4), 135, 152, 168, paragraphs (3) to (6) of Article 169, and 
170 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Arti cle 56(1) of this Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to an examination and a decision on an opposition to registration.  
(2) Article 43 -3(5) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a decision under Article 135 of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  under the preceding paragraph.  
 
CHAPTER 5 TRIAL S AND APPEAL S  
 
(Appeal against  examiner's decision of refusal)  
Article 44  (1) A person who has received an examiner's decision to the effect that an application is 
to be refused and is dissatisfied may file a request for appeal against  the examiner's decision of 
refusal within three months from the date the transcript of the examine r's decision has been 
served.  
(2) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of the person, the person filing a request for a ppeal  
pursuant to the preceding paragraph is unable to file the request within the time limit as 
provided in the preceding paragraph,  the said person may, notwithstanding the said paragraph, 
file the request within 14 days (two months for resident abroad) from the date on which the 
reasons for not filing ceased to be applicable, but not later than six months after the expiration 
of the said time limit.  
 
(Appeal against  examiner's decision of dismissal of amendment)  
Article 45  (1) Any person who has received a decision of dismissal of amendments under Article 16 -
2(1) and is dissatisfied may file a request for appeal against  the decision w ithin three months 
from the date the transcript of the decision has been served; provided, however, that this 
provision shall not apply where a new application for trademark registration provided in Article 
17-3(1) of the Design Act as applied mutatis muta ndis pursuant to Article 17 -2(1) of this Act is 
filed.  38 (2) Article 44(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a request for a ppeal  under the preceding 
paragraph.  
 
(Invalidation trial  of trademark registration)  
Article 46  (1) Where a trademark registration falls under any of the following items, a request for 
invalidation trial  of the trademark registration may be filed; in this case, where the trademark 
has been registered in connection with two or more designated goods or  designated services, a 
request may be filed for each of the designated goods or designated services:  
(i) where the trademark registration has been made in violation of Article 3, 4(1), 7 -2(1), 8(1), 8(2), 
8(5), 51(2) (including cases where it is applied m utatis mutandis pursuant to Article 52 -2(2)), 
53(2) of this Act or Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 
77(3) of this Act;  
(ii) where the trademark registration has been made in violation of a treaty;  
(iii) where the  trademark registration has been made for an application for trademark registration 
not satisfying the requirements under Article 5(5);  
(iv) where the trademark registration has been made on an application for trademark registration 
filed by a person who h as not succeeded the rights deriving from the application for trademark 
registration;  
(v) where, after the trademark registration, the holder of trademark right has become unable to 
enjoy the trademark right pursuant to Article 25 of the Patent Act as appl ied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 77(3) of this Act, or the trademark registration has become in violation of a 
treaty;  
(vi) where, after the trademark registration, the registered trademark has become a trademark 
that falls under any of Articles 4(1)(i) to 4(1)(iii), 4(1)(v), 4(1)(vii) and 4(1)(xvi); and  
(vii) where, after the trademark registration of a regionally based collective trademark, the holder 
of trademark right has ceased to be an Association, etc., or the registered trademark has cease d 
to be a trademark well known among consumers as that indicating goods or services in connection 
with the business of the holder of trademark right or its members, or ceases to fall under any of 
the items of Article 7 -2(1).  
(2) A request for a trial under  the preceding paragraph may be filed only by an interested person . 
 (3) A request for a trial under paragraph (1) may be filed even after the extinguishment of the 
trademark right.  
 
Article 46 -2 (1) Where a trial decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be 
invalidated becomes final and binding, the trademark right shall be deemed never to have 
existed; provided, however, that where the trademark registration falls under any of items (v) to 
(vii) of paragraph (1) of Article 46 , and a tri al decision to the effect that the trademark 
registration is to be invalidated becomes final and binding, the trademark right shall be deemed 
not to have existed from the time any of items (v) to (vii) of the said paragraph  first became 
applicable to the t rademark registration.  39 (2) In the case of the proviso to the preceding paragraph, where the time at which any of items (v) 
to (vii) of Article 46(1)  first became applicable to the trademark registration cannot be specified, 
the trademark right shall be dee med not to have existed from the date of registration of the 
request for invalidation trial  of the said trademark registration.  
 
Article 47  (1) Where a trademark registration has been made in violation of Article 3, 4(1)(viii), 
4(1)(xi) to 4(1)(xiv), 8(1),  8(2) or 8(5), where a trademark registration has been made in violation 
of Article 4(1)(x) or 4(1)(xvii) (excluding the case where a trademark has been registered for the 
purpose of unfair competition), where a trademark has been registered in violation o f item (xv) 
of the said paragraph  (excluding the case where a trademark has been registered for unfair 
purposes), or where a trademark registration falls under Article 46(1)(iv) , a request for a trial 
relating to the trademark registration under Article 46 (1) may not be filed after a lapse of five 
years from the date of registration of the establishment of the trademark right.  
(2) Where a trademark registration has been made in violation of Article 7 -2(1) (limited to the case 
where the trademark was not wel l known, as a result of the use of the trademark, among 
consumers as that indicating goods or services in connection with the business of the applicant 
for the trademark registration or its members) and five years have lapsed from the date of 
registration of the establishment of the trademark right, and further the registered trademark 
is well known among consumers as that indicating goods and services in connection with the 
business of the holder of trademark right or its members, a request for a trial per taining to the 
trademark registration under Article 46(1) may not be filed.  
 
Article 48 and Article 49  Deleted  
 
 (Trial for rescission of trademark registration)  
Article 50 (1)  Where a registered trademark  has not been used in Japan in connection with any of 
the designated goods and designated services for three consecutive years or longer by the holder 
of trademark right, the exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use, any person may file a 
reque st for a trial for rescission of such trademark registration in connection with the relevant 
designated goods or designated services.  
 (2) Where a request for a trial under the preceding paragraph is filed, unless the demandee proves 
that any of the holder  of trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use has 
used the registered trademark in Japan in connection with any of the designated goods or 
designated services pertaining to the request within three years prior to the registratio n of the 
request for the trial, the holder of trademark right may not prevent the rescission of the 
trademark registration in connection with the relevant designated goods or designated services; 
provided, however, that this shall not apply where the deman dee shows just causes for non -use 
of the registered trademark in connection with the relevant designated goods or designated 
services.  40 (3) Where the registered trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated services 
pertaining to the requ est under paragraph (1) has been used in Japan by any of the holders of 
trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use, during the period from three 
months prior to the filing of the request for a trial under paragraph (1) to the dat e of the 
registration of the filing of the request, and where the demandant proves that the registered 
trademark has been used after the user became aware of the fact that the said request for a trial 
would be filed, the use of the registered trademark sha ll not fall under the use of the registered 
trademark provided in paragraph (1); provided, however, that this shall not apply to the case 
where the demandee shows just causes for the use of the registered trademark.  
 
Article 51  (1) Where a holder of tradem ark right intentionally uses, either a trademark similar to 
a registered trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated services, or a 
registered trademark in connection with goods or services similar to the designated goods or 
designated services or a trademark similar thereto, in a manner that misleads as to the quality 
of the goods or services or causes confusion in connection with the goods or services pertaining to 
a business of another person, any person may file a request for a trial  for rescission of the 
trademark registration.  
(2) The previous holder of trademark right may not be granted a registration of the same trademark 
or of a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services 
for which the  trademark registration has been rescinded, or in connection with goods or services 
similar thereto, until after a lapse of five years from the date the trial decision to the effect that 
the trademark registration is to be rescinded under the preceding par agraph becomes final and 
binding.  
 
Article 52  A request for a trial under Article 51(1) may not be filed after the lapse of five years from 
the date on which the holder of trademark right ceased to use the trademark in the manner 
provided in the said parag raph.  
 
Article 52 -2 (1) Where a trademark right to a similar registered trademark to be used in connection 
with identical goods or services, or a trademark right to an identical or similar registered 
trademark to be used in connection with similar goods or  services becomes owned by a different 
holder of trademark right as a result of transfer of the trademark right, if the holder of trademark 
right of one of the registered trademarks uses, for the purpose of unfair competition, the 
registered trademark for its designated goods or designated services in a manner that causes 
confusion in connection with the goods or services pertaining to the business of the holder of 
trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use of the other registered  
trademark, any person may file a request for a trial for rescission of the trademark registration.  
(2) Articles 51(2) and 52 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a trial under the preceding paragraph.  
Article 53  (1) Where a holder of exclusive right to use or non-exclusive right to use uses a registered 
trademark in connection with the designated goods or designated services or in connection with 41 goods or services similar thereto, or a trademark similar thereto, in a manner that misleads as 
to the quality of th e goods or services or causes confusion in connection with the goods or services 
pertaining to the business of another person, any person may file a request for a trial for 
rescission of the trademark registration; provided, however, that this shall not ap ply to the case 
where the holder of trademark right was not aware of the fact and using due care.  
 (2) The previous holder of trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use who 
used the trademark in a manner provided in the preceding  paragraph may not be granted a 
registration of the same trademark or of a trademark similar thereto in connection with the 
designated goods or designated services for which the trademark registration has been rescinded, 
or in connection with goods or serv ices similar thereto, until after the lapse of five years from the 
date the trial decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be rescinded under the 
preceding paragraph becomes final and binding.  
(3) Article 52 shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a trial under paragraph (1).  
Article 53 -2 Where a registered trademark is a trademark pertaining to a right to a trademark 
(limited to a right equivalent to a trademark right) held by a person in a country of the Union to 
the Paris Convention, a member  of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the 
Trademark Law Treaty or a trademark similar thereto, and the designated goods or designated 
services thereof are goods or services pertaining to the said right or goods or services similar 
thereto, and further, the application for trademark registration was filed without the approval of 
the person who has the right pertaining to the trademark, without a just cause, by his/her agent 
or representative or by his/her former agent or representative w ithin one year prior to the filing 
date of the trademark registration, the person who has the right pertaining to the trademark 
may file a request fora trial for rescission of the trademark registration.  
 
Article 53 -3 A request fora trial under Article 53 -2 may not be filed after the lapse of five years 
from the date on which the establishment of the trademark right has been registered.  
 
Article 54  (1) Where a trial decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be rescinded 
becomes final and binding, the trademark right shall become extinguished thereafter.  
(2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, where a trial decision to the effect that the 
trademark registration is to be rescinded becomes final and binding by a trial under Article 50(1) , 
the trademark right shall be deemed to have become extinguished on the date of registration of 
the request for a trial under the said paragraph.  
 
Article 55  The provision of Article 46(4)  shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where a request 
for a tri al is filed under Article 50(1), 51(1), 52 -2(1), 53(1) or 53 -2. 
 
(Special provisions on appeal  against examiner's decision of refusal)  42 Article 55 -2 (1) The provisions of Articles 15 -2 and 15 -3 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case 
where reasons for refusal that are different from those contained in the examiner's decision are 
found in the appeal  under Article 44(1).  
 (2) The provision of Article 16  shall apply mutatis mutandis where a request for appeal/trial  under 
Article 44(1) is found to have reasonable grounds; provided, however, that this provision shall 
not apply where appeal/trial  decision to the effect that a further examination is to be car ried out 
under Article 160(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 56(1) of 
this Act is rendered.  
(3) The provisions of Article 16 -2 of this Act and Article 17 -3 of the Design Act shall apply mutatis 
mutandis to appeal/trial  under Article 44(1) of this Act. In this case, the term "three months" in 
Article 16 -2(3) of this Act and Article 17 -3(1) of the Design Act shall be deemed to be replaced 
with "thirty days" and the term "files a request for appeal/trial  under Article 45(1 )" in Article 16 -
2(4) shall be deemed to be replaced with "institutes an action under Article 63(1)."  
 
(Scope of final and binding appeal/trial  decision)  
Article 55 -3 appeal/trial  decision shall become final and binding for each appeal/trial  case; provided , 
however, that the appeal/trial  decision of a request for appeal/trial  under Article 46(1) of this Act 
filed for each designated goods or designated services shall become final and binding for each 
designated goods or designated services.  
 
(Mutatis mutand is application of the Patent Act)  
Article 56  (1) The provisions of Articles 131(1), 131 -2(1)(excluding items (ii) and (iii)), 132 to 133 -2, 
134(1), 134(3), 134(4), 135 to 154, 155(1), 155(2), 156(1), 156(3), 156(4), 157, 158, 160(1), 160(2), 
161, 167, 168 to 170 (effect of appeal/trial  decision, request for appeal/trial , administrative judge , 
appeal/trial  procedures in relation to litigation, and costs of appeal/trial ) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to appeal/trial . In this case, the term "g round for the request as provided 
in paragraph (1) item (iii) of the preceding Article in the course of filing a request for appeal/trial  
other than invalidation  trial , or in the event that approval is granted by the chief administrative 
judge  under the fo llowing paragraph" in Article131 -2(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be 
replaced with "ground for the request as provided in Article 131(1)(iii) of the Patent Act as applied 
mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act in the course of fili ng a request for 
appeal/trial  other than appeal/trial  under Article 46(1) of the Trademark Act" , the term 
"invalidation  trial  or invalidation trial  of the registration of extension of duration" in Articles 
132(1) and 167 of the Patent Act and the term "invalidation  trial  and a n invalidation trial  of the 
registration of extension of duration" in Articles 145(1) and 169(1) of the Patent Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with " appeal/trial  under Article 46(1), 50(1), 51(1), 52 -2(1), 53(1) or 53 -2 
of the Trademark Act", the term ", in appeal/trial  other than  invalidation  trial , notify" in Article 
156(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced wi th "notify" , the term " appeal  against 
the examiner's decision of refusal" in Article 161 of the Patent Act and " appeal against  an 43 examiner's decision of refusal and correction  trial " in Article 169(3) of the Patent Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with  "appeal/trial  under Article 44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act" . 
(2) The provisions of Article 155(3) (Withdrawal of request for trial) of the Patent Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to a trial under Article 46(1) of this Act.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis applicat ion of the Design Act)  
Article 56 -2 The provision of Article 51 of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an appeal  
under Article 45(1) of this Act.  
 
CHAPTER 6 RETRIAL AND LITIGATION  
 
(Request for retrial)  
Article 57  (1) A party or intervener in th e case may file a request for a retrial against a final and 
binding rescission decision or a final and binding appeal/ trial decision.  
(2) The provisions of Articles 338(1), 338(2) and 339 (grounds for retrial) of the Code of Civil 
Procedure (Act No. 109 of  1996) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a request for appeal/trial  under 
the preceding paragraph.  
 
Article 58  (1) Where the demandant of appeal/trial  in conspiracy with the demandee has caused 
appeal/trial  decision to be rendered for the purpose of harming the right or interest of a third 
party, the third party may file a request for a retrial against the final and binding appeal/trial  
decision.  
(2) A request for a retrial under the preceding paragraph shall be filed against the demandant and 
the demandee in the appeal/trial  as joint demandees.  
 
(Limitations of effects of trademark right restored by a retrial)  
Article 59  Where a trademark right pe rtaining to a rescinded or invalidated trademark registration 
has been restored by a retrial, the trademark right shall have no effect on any of the following 
acts:  
(i) the use of the registered trademark in good faith in connection with the designated goo ds or 
designated services after the rescission decision or appeal/trial  decision became final and binding 
but before the registration of the request for a retrial; and  
(ii) the acts listed in each of the items in Article 37 committed in good faith after th e rescission 
decision or appeal/trial  decision became final and binding but before the registration of the 
request for a retrial.  
 
Article 60  (1) Where a trademark right pertaining to a rescinded or invalidated trademark 
registration has been restored by a  retrial or, where the establishment of a trademark right with 
respect to an application for trademark registration refused by appeal/trial  decision has been 
registered through a retrial, and where a person, after the rescission decision or appeal/trial  44 decision becomes final and binding but before the registration of a request for a retrial, uses the 
registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto in Japan in good faith in connection with 
the designated goods or designated services or in connection wit h goods or services similar 
thereto, and as a result, such trademark has become well known among consumers as that 
indicating goods or services pertaining to the business of the person at the time of registration of 
the filing of a request for a retrial, t he person shall have the right to use the trademark in 
connection with such goods or services as far as the said person continuously uses the trademark 
for such goods or services.  The same shall apply to those by whom such business is succeeded.  
(2) The pr ovision of Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding paragraph.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of provisions concerning appeal/trial ) 
Article 60 -2 (1) The provisions of Articles 43 -3, 43 -5 to 43 -9 and 43 -12 to 43 -15 of this Act, Article 
131(1), the main clause of Article 131 -2(1), 132(3), 154, 155(1) and 156(1), 156(3), 156(4) of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act, and Article 155(3) 
of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Art icles 56(2) of this Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a final and binding rescission decision.  
(2) The provision of Article 55 -2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a final and binding 
appeal/trial  decision on appeal/trial  under Article 44(1).  
(3) The provisions of Articles 55 -3 and 56 -2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a final 
and binding appeal/trial  decision on appeal/trial  under Article 45(1).  
(4) The provision of Article 55 -3 shall apply mutatis mutand is to a retrial against a final and binding 
appeal/trial  decision on appeal/trial  under Article 46(1), Article 50(1), Article 51(1), Article 52 -
2(1), Article 53(1) or Article 53 -2. 
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of the Patent Act)  
Article 61  The provisions of Article 173 (Time limit for request for retrial) and Articles 174(3) and 
174(5)  (Application mutatis mutandis of provisions regarding appeal/trial , etc.) of the Patent Act 
shall apply mutatis mutandis to a request for a retrial. In this c ase, the term "Article 167 to 168" 
in paragraph (3) of the said Article  shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 167, 168", the 
term "invalidation  trial  or invalidation trial  of the registration of extension of the duration" in 
Article 174(2) of the Pa tent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with " appeal/trial  under Article 
46(1), 50(1), 51(1), 52 -2(1), 53(1) or 53 -2 of the Trademark Act".  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of the Design Act)  
Article 62  (1) The provision of Article 58(2) (Mutatis mutandis a pplication of provisions concerning 
appeal/trial ) of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial against a final and 
binding appeal/trial  decision on appeal/trial  under Article 44(1) of this Act. In this case, the term 
"the main clause of Arti cle 167 -2, 168" in Article 58(2) of the Design Act shall be deemed to be 
replaced with "Article 168."  45 (2) The provision of Article 58(3) of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a retrial against 
a final and binding appeal/trial  decision on appeal /trial  under Article 45(1) of this Act. In this 
case, the term "the main clause of Article 167 -2, 168" in Article 58(3) of the Design Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "Article 168."  
 
(Actions against appeal/trial  decisions, etc.)  
Article 63  (1) The Tokyo High Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any action against a 
rescission decision or appeal/trial  decision, an action against a ruling to dismiss an amendment 
under Article 16 -2(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 55 -2(3) (including cases 
where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60 -2(2)) and an action against a ruling 
to dismiss a written opposition or a written request for appeal/trial  or retrial.  
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (2) to (6) of Article 1 78 (time limit for institution of action, etc.), 
179 to 182 (appropriate party as defendant, notice of institution of action, opinion of the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office in litigation rescinding the appeal/trial  decision, rescission of 
the appeal/tria l decision or ruling and delivery of original copy, etc. of judgment) of the Patent 
Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the actions under the preceding paragraph. In this case, the 
term "invalidation  trial  or invalidation trial  of the registration of extension of the during" in 
Article 179 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with " appeal/trial  under Article 46(1), 
50(1), 51(1), 52 -2(1), 53(1) or 53 -2 of the Trademark Act."  
 
(Relationship between objection and litiga tion)  
Article 63 -2 The provision of Article 184 -2 (Relationship between (administrative) objection and 
litigation) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an action demanding the rescission 
of measures (excluding measures provided in Article 77(7 )) imposed by this Act or an order 
thereunder.  
 
CHAPTER 7 DEFENSIVE MARK  
 
(Requirements for defensive mark registration)  
Article 64  (1) Where a registered trademark pertaining to goods is well known among consumers 
as that indicating the designated goods i n connection with the business of a holder of trademark 
right, the holder of trademark right may, where the use by another person of the registered 
trademark in connection with goods other than the designated goods pertaining to the registered 
trademark or  goods similar thereto or in connection with services other than those similar to the 
designated goods is likely to cause confusion between the said other person's goods or services 
and the designated goods pertaining to his/her own business, obtain a defe nsive mark registration 
for the mark identical with the registered trademark in connection with the goods or services for 
which the likelihood of confusion exists.  
(2) Where a registered trademark pertaining to services is well known among consumers as tha t 
indicating the designated services in connection with the business of a holder of trademark right, 46 the holder of trademark right may, where the use by another person of the registered trademark 
in connection with services other than the designated servic es pertaining to the registered 
trademark or services similar thereto or in connection with goods other than those similar to the 
designated services is likely to cause confusion between the said other person's services or goods 
and the designated services  pertaining to his/her own business, obtain a defensive mark 
registration for the mark identical with the registered trademark in connection with the services 
or goods for which the likelihood of confusion exists.  
(3) For the purpose of the application of the preceding two paragraphs in relation to defensive mark 
registrations pertaining to a trademark right pertaining to a regionally based collective 
trademark, the term "his/her own" in the said paragraphs shall be deemed to be replaced with 
"its own or it s members' ."  
 
(Conversion of application)  
Article 65  (1) An applicant for trademark registration may convert an application for trademark 
registration into an application for defensive mark registration.  
(2) The conversion of an application under the prec eding paragraph may not be made after the 
examiner's decision or the appeal/trial  decision on the application for trademark registration 
becomes final and binding.  
(3) The provisions of Articles 10(2), 10(3) and 11(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the co nversion 
of an application under paragraph (1).  
 
(Duration of right based on defensive mark registration)  
Article 65 -2 (1) The duration of a right based on defensive mark registration shall expire after ten 
years from the date of registration of the establ ishment of such right.  
(2) The duration of a right based on defensive mark registration may be renewed by filing an 
application for registration of renewal; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the case 
where the registered defensive mark become s unregistrable as a defensive mark pursuant to 
Article 64.  
 
(Registration of renewal of duration of right based on defensive mark registration)  
Article 65 -3 (1) A person filing an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right 
based on  defensive mark registration shall submit to the Commissioner of the Patent Office an 
application stating the following matters:  
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant;  
(ii) the registration number of the defensive mark registration; a nd 
(iii) in addition to those listed in the preceding two items, matters provided by Ordinance  of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(2) An application for registration of renewal shall be filed during the period from six months prior 
to the expi ration of the duration of the right based on defensive mark registration to the date of 
expiration thereof.  47 (3) Where a person filing an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based 
on defensive mark registration has justifiable  reasons for having been unable to file the 
application for registration of renewal within the time limit for such application pursuant to the 
preceding paragraph, the person may file such application only within the time limit provided by 
Ordinance  of the  Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(4) Where an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive 
mark registration is filed, the duration shall be deemed to have been renewed upon expiration of 
the duration (where an application is filed under the preced ing paragraph, upon filing of the 
application); provided, however, that this shall not apply to the case where the examiner's 
decision or appeal/trial  decision to the effect that the application is to be refused becomes final 
and binding or the renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark registration is 
registered.  
 
Article 65 -4 (1) Where an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on 
defensive mark registration falls under any of the following items, the exami ner shall render a 
decision to the effect that the application is to be refused:  
(i) the registered defensive mark pertaining to application is filed becomes unregistrable as a 
defensive mark pursuant to Article 64; and  
(ii) the applicant is not a person w ho has the right based on the defensive mark registration.  
(2) Where no reasons for refusal are found in connection with an application for registration of 
renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark registration, the examiner shall render 
a decision to the effect that the renewal is to be registered.  
 
Article 65 -5 The provisions of Articles 14 and 15 -2 of this Act and Articles 48 (Exclusion of 
examiners) and 52 (Formal requirements for examination) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis 
mutan dis to an examination of an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right 
based on defensive mark registration.  
 
(Registration of renewal of duration of right based on defensive mark registration)  
Article 65 -6 (1) Where a registration fee under Article 65 -7(2) is paid, the renewal of the duration 
of the right based on defensive mark registration shall be registered.  
(2) Upon registration under the preceding paragraph, the following matters shall be published in 
the trademark bulletin:  
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the person who has the right based on defensive mark 
registration;  
(ii) the registration number and the date of registration of renewal; and  
(iii) other necessary matters in addition to those listed in the preceding two items.  
 
(Registration fees)  48 Article 65 -7 (1) A person obtaining a registration of establishment of a right based on defensive 
mark registration shall pay as a registration fee for each defensive mark registration the amount 
of 28,200  yen mult iplied by the number of classes.  
(2) A person obtaining a registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark 
registration shall pay as a registration fee for each defensive mark registration the amount of 
33,400  yen multiplied by th e number of classes.  
(3) The provisions of paragraphs (3) to (5) of Article 40 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the 
preceding two paragraphs.  
 
(Time limit for payment of registration fee)  
Article 65 -8 (1) A registration fee under Article 65 -7(1) shall be pa id within 30 days from the service 
of a transcript of the examiner's decision or the appeal/trial  decision to the effect that a defensive 
mark is to be registered.  
(2) A registration fee under Article 65 -7(2) shall be paid within 30 days from the service o f a 
transcript of the examiner's decision or the appeal/trial  decision to the effect that the renewal of 
the duration of the right based on defensive mark registration is to be registered (where the 
service is made prior to the expiration of the duration o f the right based on defensive mark 
registration, the date of expiration of the duration).  
(3) The Commissioner of the Patent Office may extend the period of time provided in the preceding 
two paragraphs by a maximum of 30 days upon the request of a person  who is required to pay the 
registration fee.  
(4) Where a person required to pay a registration fee is unable to pay the registration fee within 
the time limit under paragraph (1) or (2) (where the time limit under the preceding paragraph is 
extended, the extended time limit), the said person may, in accordance with Ordinance  of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, pay the said registration fee only within the time limit 
as provided in Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, even after the 
expiration of the time limit.  
(5) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of a person, the person paying a registration fee is 
unable to pay the registration fee within the time limit for pay ment of registration fees pursuant 
to the preceding paragraph, the said person may, notwithstanding the said paragraph, pay the 
registration fee within 14 days (two months for resident abroad) from the date on which the 
reasons for not paying ceased to be applicable, but not later than six months after the expiration 
of the said time limit.  
 
(Payment of registration fees by interested persons)  
Article 65 -9 (1) Any interested person may make the payment of the registration fee under Article 
65-7(1) or 65 -7(2) even against the intention of the person by whom the said fee is to be paid.  
(2) The interested person who makes the payment of the registration fee under the preceding 
paragraph may request the person by whom the said payment was to be paid to reimburse  the 
expense thereof to the extent that the said person receives actual benefits therefrom.  49  
(Refund of registration fee paid in excess or in error)  
Article 65 -10 (1) A registration fee under Article 65 -7(1) or 65 -7(2) paid in excess or in error shall 
be refunded upon the request of the person that paid them.  
(2) No refund of a registration fee may be requested under the preceding paragraph after the lapse 
of one year from the date of payment.  
(3) Where the person making a request for the refund of a regist ration fee prescribed in paragraph 
(1) is unable to make the request within the period prescribed in the preceding paragraph due to 
reasons beyond his/her control, the person may make the request within 14 days (within 2 months 
for residents abroad) from t he date the reason ceased to be applicable but no later than 6 months 
after the lapse of the period, notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (1).  
 
(Incidental nature of right based on defensive mark registration)  
Article 66  (1) The right based on defensive mark registration shall become extinguished when the 
trademark right relating thereto is divided.  
(2) When a trademark right is transferred, the right based on defensive mark registration shall be 
transferred with the trademark right relating the reto.  
(3) When a trademark right becomes extinguished, the right based on defensive mark registration 
relating thereto shall become extinguished.  
(4) Where a trademark right is deemed to have become extinguished under Article 20(4), the effects 
of the righ t based on defensive mark registration pertaining to the trademark right restored 
under Article 21(2) may not extend to the acts provided in each of the items of Article 67 
committed during the period after the expiration of the time limit for the filing o f an application 
for registration of renewal provided in Article 20(3) but before the registration of renewal of the 
duration of the trademark right by an application under Article 21(1).  
(5) Where a trademark right is deemed to have been  extinguished unde r Article 41 -2(6), the right 
based on defensive mark registration pertaining to the trademark right restored under Article 
41-3(2) shall  not be effective against the acts provided in each of the items of Article 67 conducted  
after the expiration of the tim e limit for making late payment  of a later -installment registration 
fee but before the registration to the effect that the trademark right is deemed to have been 
existed under Article 41 -3(2) is made, pursuant to Article 41 -2(5). 
(6) The provision of the p receding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to the effects of the right 
based on defensive mark registration pertaining to the trademark right restored under Article 
41-3(2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 41 -3(3).  
 
(Acts deemed to cons titute infringement)  
Article 67  The following acts shall be deemed to constitute infringement of a trademark right or an 
exclusive right to use:  
(i) the use of the registered defensive mark in connection with the designated goods or designated 
services;  50 (ii) the possession for the purpose of assignment, delivery or export of the designated goods affixed 
with the registered defensive mark on the goods or their packages;  
(iii) the possession or importation of articles affixed with a registered defensive mark,  that are used 
in the course of the provision of designated services by a person who receives the said services, 
for the purpose of the provision of the said services through use of the said articles;  
(iv) the assignment, delivery, or possession or importa tion for the purpose of assignment or delivery 
of articles affixed with a registered defensive mark, that are used in the course of the provision 
of designated services by a person who receives the said services, for the purpose of causing the 
provision of  the said services through use of the said articles;  
(v) the possession of articles indicating a registered defensive mark, for the purpose of using the 
registered defensive mark in connection with the designated goods or designated services;  
(vi) the assi gnment, delivery, or possession for the purpose of assignment or delivery, of articles 
indicating a registered defensive mark, for the purpose of causing the registered defensive mark 
to be used in connection with the designated goods or designated service s; and  
(vii) the manufacture or importation of articles indicating a registered defensive mark, for the 
purpose of using the registered defensive mark or causing the registered defensive mark to be 
used in connection with the designated goods or designated  services.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of provisions concerning trademarks)  
Article 68  (1) The provisions of Articles 5, 5 -2, 6(1), 6(2), 9 -2 to 10, 12 -2, 13(1), and 13 -2 shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to an application for defensive mark registration.  In this case, the term "(iii) 
the designated goods or designated services and the class of the goods or services provided by 
Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2)" in Article 5(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 
"(iii) the designated goods or d esignated services and the class of the goods or services provided 
by Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2), (iv) the registration number of the trademark 
registration pertaining to the application for defensive mark registration," the term "(iv) t he 
designated goods or designated services are not stated" in Article 5 -2(1) shall be deemed to be 
replaced with "(iv) the designated goods or designated services are not stated, (v) the registration 
number of the trademark registration pertaining to the a pplication for defensive mark 
registration is not stated" and the term "Article 37" in Article 13 -2(5) shall be deemed to be 
replaced with "Article 67 (except the part pertaining to item (i))."  
(2) The provisions of Articles 14 to 15 -2 and 16 to 17 -2 shall  apply mutatis mutandis to the 
examination of an application for defensive mark registration.  In this case, the term "Articles 3, 
4(1), 7 -2(1), 8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 
Article 52 -2(2)), 53(2)" in Article 15(i) shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 64 ", and the 
term "Articles 5(5), or 6(1) or (2)" in Article 15(iii) shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 
6(1) or (2)."  
(3) The provisions of Article 18, 26 to 28 -2, 32 to 33 -3, 35, 38 -2 an d 69 of this Act and Article 104 -
3(1), (2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 39 of this Act shall 
apply to a right based on defensive mark registration. In this case, the term "the registration fee 51 under Article 40(1) or the  registration fee due and payable within thirty days from the date of 
service of a transcript of the examiner's decision or appeal/trial  decision to the effect that the 
trademark is to be registered pursuant to Article 41 -2(1)" in Article 18(2) shall be de emed to be 
replaced with "the registration fee under Article 65 -7(1)."  
(4) The provisions of Articles 43 -2 (except item (iii))  to 45, 46 (except paragraph  (1)(iii) and (vii) ), 
46-2, 53 -2, 53 -3, 54(1) and 55 -2 to 56 -2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an opposition to 
registration and appeal/trial  pertaining to defensive mark registration.  In this case, the term 
"Articles 3, 4(1), 7 -2(1), 8(1), 8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including cases  where it is applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 52 -2(2)), 53(2)" in Articles 43 -2(i) and 46(1)(i) shall be deemed to be replaced 
with "Article 64" and the term "where ... the registered trademark has become a trademark that 
falls under any of Art icles 4(1)(i) to 4(1)(iii), 4(1)(v), 4(1)(vii) and 4(1)(xvi)" in Article 46(1)(vi)  
shall be deemed to be replaced with "where ... the trademark registration becomes in violation of 
Article 64."  
(5) The provisions of Articles 57 to 63 -2 shall apply to a ret rial and litigation pertaining to defensive 
mark registration.  In this case, the term "each of the items in Article 37" in Article 59(ii) shall be 
deemed to be replaced with "items (ii) to (vii) of Article 67," the term "a trademark right 
pertaining to ...  trademark registration" in Article 60 shall be deemed to be replaced with "a right 
based on defensive mark registration in connection with ... defensive mark registration," the term 
"an application for trademark registration" in the same article shall be deemed to be replaced 
with "an application for the registration of a defensive mark or an application for the registration 
of a defensive mark or an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based 
on defensive mark registration," t he term "the establishment of a trademark right ... has been 
registered" in the same article shall be deemed to be replaced with "the establishment of a right 
based on defensive mark registration or the renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive  
mark registration ... has been registered" and the term "the registered trademark or a trademark 
similar thereto ... in connection with the designated goods or designated services or in connection 
with goods or services similar thereto" in the same articl e shall be deemed to be replaced with "a 
trademark identical with the registered defensive mark."  
 
CHAPTER 7 -2 SPECIAL PROVISIONS UNDER THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE 
MADRID AGREEMENT  
Section 1 Application for international registration  
 
(Application for int ernational registration)  
Article 68 -2 (1) A Japanese national or a foreign national domiciled or resident (or, in the case of a 
juridical person, with a place of business) in Japan who desires to obtain an international 
registration (hereinafter referred t o as an "application for international registration") provided 
in Article 2(1) of the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International 
Registration of Marks adopted at Madrid on June 27, 1989 (hereinafter referred to as the 
"Protocol" ) shall file with the Commissioner of the Patent Office an application (hereinafter 52 referred to as an "application for international registration") pursuant to Article 2(2) of the 
Protocol based on any of the following items; in this case, where requiremen ts provided by 
Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry are applicable, two or more persons 
may jointly file the application for international registration:  
(i) the application for trademark registration or application for defensive mark re gistration of the 
applicant that is pending before the Patent Office (hereinafter referred to as the "application for 
trademark registration, etc."); or  
(ii) the trademark registration or defensive mark registration of the applicant (hereinafter referred 
to as the "trademark registration, etc.").  
(2) Any person who desires to file an application for international registration shall submit the 
prescribed application and required documents in foreign language pursuant to Ordinance  of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(3) The application shall state the following matters:  
(i) the name(s) of the Contracting Party to the Protocol in which the protection of the trademark 
pertaining to the application for international registration is sought; and  
(ii) th e goods or services in connection with which the protection of the trademark pertaining to the 
application for international registration is sought and the class of the goods and services 
provided by Cabinet Order in Article 6(2).  
(4) Any person who desire s to apply Article 3(3) of the Protocol in connection with a trademark or 
a mark pertaining to the application for international registration shall state in the application 
a statement indicating thereof and the color or the combination of colors claimed a nd append to 
the application copies of the trademark or mark pertaining to the application for trademark 
registration, etc., in color, or of the registered trademark or registered defensive mark in color.  
 
Article 68 -3 (1) The Commissioner of the Patent Of fice shall send the application for international 
registration and the required documents to the International Bureau provided in Article 2(1) of 
the Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the "International Bureau").  
(2) In the case of the preceding paragra ph, where the matters stated in the application correspond 
to the matters stated in the basic application for trademark registration, etc. or in the basic 
trademark registration, etc., the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall state in the application 
the fact thereof and the date of receipt of the application for international registration.  
(3) In the case of paragraph (1), the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall send to the applicant 
of the application for international registration a copy of the ap plication for international 
registration sent to the International Bureau.  
 
(Subsequent designation)  
Article 68 -4 The registered holder of international registration may present to the Commissioner 
of the Patent Office, pursuant to Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, a 
request for territorial extension provided in Article 3ter of the Protocol (hereinafter referred to 53 as "territorial extension") subsequent to the international registration (hereinafter referred to as 
the "subsequent designation.")  
 
(Application for renewal of the duration of international registration)  
Article 68 -5 The registered holder of international registration may file with the Commissioner of 
the Patent Office, pursuant to Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, an 
application for renewal of the duration of international registration provided in Article 7(1) of the 
Protocol (hereinafter referred to as "renewal of the duration of international registration").  
 
(Reque st for recording of change in the ownership of international registration)  
Article 68 -6 (1) The registered holder or transferee of international registration may, pursuant to 
Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, present to the Commissi oner of the 
Patent Office a request for the recording of a change in the ownership of an international 
registration, as provided in Article 9 of the Protocol (hereinafter referred to as "change in the 
ownership of international registration").  
(2) The requ est provided in the preceding paragraph may be made for each of the goods or services 
listed in the international registration or for each of the Contracting Parties in which the 
international registration has effect.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of prov isions concerning application for trademark registration)  
Article 68 -7 Article 17(3) (limited to the part pertaining to item (iii)) and Article 18(1) of the Patent 
Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 77(2) of this Act, shall apply mutatis 
mutandis to the application for international registration, subsequent designation, an application 
for the renewal of the duration of international registration and a request for the recording of a 
change in the ownership of international registration.  
 
(Delegation to Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)  
Article 68 -8 In addition to the provisions of Articles 68 -2 to 68 -7, details of matters relating to the 
application for international registration, subsequent designation, an application  for renewal of 
the duration of international registration and a request for the recording of a change in the 
ownership of international registration required for the implementation of the Protocol and the 
regulations thereunder shall be provided by Ordina nce of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and 
Industry.  
 
Section 2 Special Provisions pertaining to International Application for Trademark 
Registration  
 
(Application for trademark registration based on request for territorial extension)  
Article 68 -9 (1) Any r equest for territorial extension to designate Japan shall be deemed to be an 
application for trademark registration filed on the date of international registration provided in 54 Article 3(4) of the Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the "date of internatio nal registration"); 
provided, however, that in the case of subsequent designation, such request shall be deemed to 
be an application for trademark registration filed on the date on which the subsequent 
designation pertaining to the international registrati on pursuant to Article 3ter(2) of the 
Protocol(hereinafter referred to as the "date of subsequent designation") is recorded in the 
International Register of the International Bureau provided in Article 2(1) (hereinafter referred 
to as the "International Re gister").  
(2) Matters stated in the left column of the following table contained in the International Register 
pertaining to the international registration designating Japan shall be deemed to be the matters 
stated in the right column of the said table con tained in the application submitted pursuant to 
Article 5(1).  
 
The name and the domicile or residence of the 
registered holder of international registration  The name and the domicile or residence of the 
applicant for trademark registration  
The trademark subject to international 
registration  The trademark for which registration is sought  
The goods or services listed in the international 
registration and the class of the goods or 
services  The designated goods or designated services 
and the class of the goo ds or services provided 
by Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 
6(2);  
Among matters stated in the International 
Register, those required for the interpretation 
of the meanings of statement of the trademark 
that is a subject of an international 
registr ation provided by Ordinance  of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry  Detailed description of the trademark  
 
(Special provisions concerning time of filing of international application for trademark registration)  
Article 68 -10 (1) Where a registered trademark (hereinafter in this article referred to as a 
"registered trademark based on international registration") pertaining to the request for 
territorial extension which is deemed to have been an application for trademark registr ation 
pursuant to Article 68 -9(1) (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as an "international 
application for trademark registration") is identical with the registered trademark prior to the 
trademark registration (except registered trademarks based on i nternational registration, 
hereinafter referred to in this article as a "registered trademark based on national registration") 
and the designated goods or designated services pertaining to the registered trademark based on 
international registration overla p with the designated goods or designated services based on 
national registration, and further the holder of trademark right of the registered trademark 
based on international registration is identical with the holder of trademark right of the 
registered t rademark based on national registration, the international application for trademark 55 registration shall be deemed to have been filed on the date of filing of the application for 
trademark registration pertaining to the registered trademark based on nationa l registration to 
the extent of the scope which is overlapping.  
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (3) and (4) of Article 68 -32 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the 
international application for trademark registration under the preceding paragraph.  
 
(Special provisions concerning time of filing of application)  
Article 68 -11 For the purpose of application of Article 9(2) to an international application for 
trademark registration, the term "at the time of filing of the application for trademark 
registration" in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "within thirty days from the date of 
the international application for trademark registration."  
 
(Special provisions concerning division of application)  
Article 68 -12 Article 10 shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration.  
 
(Special provisions concerning conversion of application)  
Article 68 -13 Articles 11 and 65 shall not apply to an international application for trademark 
registration.  
 
(Special provisions concerning matters to be contained in the trademark bulletin pertaining to 
laying open of application)  
Article 68 -14 For the purpose of application of Article 12 -2(2) to the international application for 
trademark registration, the term "the number and date of the application for trademark 
registration" in item (ii) of the said paragraph shall be replaced with "the number and the date 
of the international registration (in the case of the international application for trademark 
registration pertaining to the subsequent designation, the date of subsequent designation)."  
 
(Special provisions concerning proceedings for priority claim governed by the Paris Convention, 
etc.) 
Article 68 -15 (1) The provisions of paragraphs (1) to (4) , and (7) to (9)  of Article 43 of the Patent Act 
as applie d mutatis mutandis upon reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 13(1) of 
this Act shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration.  
(2) For the purpose of application of Article 43(1) of the Patent Act as applied mu tatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 43 -3(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the 
specified terms in accordance with Article 13(1) of this Act to the international application for 
trademark registration, the portion " within the time  limit provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry 
of Economy, Trade and Industry " in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "within thirty days 
from the date of the international application for trademark registration."  
 
(Special provisions concerning the ri ght deriving from application for trademark registration)  56 Article 68 -16 (1) For the purpose of application of Article 34(4) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 13(2) of this Act to the international application for trademark 
registration, the portion ", except in the case of general succession including inheritance, without 
the Commissioner of the Patent Office." in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "without 
notification to the International Bureau."  
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (5) to (7) of Article 34 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 13(2) of this Act shall not apply to an international application for 
trademark registration.  
 
(Treatment of international application for trademark re gistration in the case of change in the 
ownership of international registration)  
Article 68 -17 Where all or some of the goods or services listed in the international registration are 
divided and transferred as a result of a change in the ownership of inter national registration, the 
international application for trademark registration shall be deemed to have become applications 
for trademark registration with respect to each of the registered holders after the change.  
 
(Special provisions concerning new appl ication for trademark as amended)  
Article 68 -18 (1) Article 17 -3 of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17 -
2(1) or 55 -2(3) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60 -2(2)) 
of this Act shall not a pply to an international application for trademark registration.  
(2) Article 17 -4 of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17 -2(2) of this 
Act shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration.  
 
(Special pr ovisions concerning registration of establishment of trademark right)  
Article 68 -19 (1) For the purpose of application of Article 18(2) to the international application for 
trademark registration, the term "where the registration fee under Article 40(1) or  the 
registration fee due and payable within thirty days from the date of service of a transcript of an 
examiner's decision or a n appeal/trial  decision to the effect that the trademark is to be registered 
under Article 41 -2(1) is paid" in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "where the 
communication is made by the International Bureau notifying that the payment of the individual 
fee in the amount prescribed in Article 68 -30(1)(ii) has been recorded in the International 
Register."  
(2) For the purpose of application of Article 18(3) to the international application for trademark 
registration, in item (ii) of the said paragraph the portion "the  number and date of the application 
for trademark registration" shall be replaced with "the number and the date of international 
registration (in the case of the international application for trademark registration pertaining to 
the subsequent designation,  the date of subsequent designation)" and in item (v) of the said 
paragraph the portion "the registration number and the date of registration of establishment" 
shall be replaced with "the number of international registration and the date of registration of  
the establishment."  57  
(Effect of the lapse of international registration)  
Article 68 -20 (1) Where all or a portion of the international registration on which the international 
application for trademark registration is based has lapsed, the international ap plication for 
trademark registration shall be deemed to have been withdrawn in respect of all or the portion 
of the designated goods or designated services that have lapsed.  
 (2) Where all or a portion of the international registration on which the international registration 
is based has lapsed, the trademark right based on such international registration the 
establishment of which has been registered under Article 18(2) as app lied upon reading the 
specified terms in accordance with Article 68 -19(1) (hereinafter referred to as the "trademark 
right based on international registration") shall be deemed to have lapsed in respect of all or the 
portion of the designated goods or desi gnated services that have lapsed.  
(3) The preceding two paragraphs shall take effect as of the date the international registration 
lapses in the International Register.  
 
(Duration of trademark right based on international registration)  
Article 68 -21 (1) Th e duration of a trademark right based on international registration shall expire 
after ten years from the date of the international registration (where the duration of the 
international registration has been renewed prior to the registration of the establi shment of the 
trademark right, the date of most recent renewal).  
(2) The duration of a trademark right based on international registration may be renewed based on 
the renewal of the duration of the international registration.  
(3) Where the duration of inte rnational registration is renewed, the duration of the trademark right 
based on international registration shall be renewed at the time of expiration of the duration.  
(4) Where the duration of international registration is not renewed, the trademark right based on 
international registration shall be deemed to have extinguished retroactively at the time of 
expiration of the duration.  
 
(Special provisions concerning registration of renewal of duration)  
Article 68 -22 (1) Articles 19 to 22, 23(1) and 23(2) shal l not apply to a trademark right based on 
international registration.  
(2) For the purpose of application of Article 23(3) relating to a trademark right based on 
international registration, the portion "registration as set forth under the preceding two 
para graphs" in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "renewal of the duration of 
international registration" and the portion "the registration number and the date of registration 
of renewal" in item (ii) of the said paragraph shall be replaced with "the nu mber of international 
registration and the date of renewal of the duration of international registration."  
 
(Special provisions concerning division of trademark right)  
Article 68 -23 Article 24 shall not apply to a trademark right based on international reg istration.  58  
(Special provisions pertaining to transfer of collective trademark right)  
Article 68 -24 (1) A collective trademark right based on international registration may not be 
transferred, unless the document provided in Article 7(3) is submitted.  
(2) Article 24 -3 shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration.  
 
(Special provisions concerning waiver of trademark right)  
Article 68 -25 (1) The holder of trademark right based on international registration may abandon 
the trademark right.  
(2) Article 97(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35 of this Act 
shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration.  
 
(Special provisions concerning effects of registration of trademark right)  
Article 68 -26 (1) A transfer , modification due to trust , extinguishment by waiver or restriction on 
disposition of a trademark right based on international registration shall have no effect unless 
registered.  
(2) Articles 98(1)(i) and 98(2) of the Patent A ct as applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the 
specified terms in accordance with Article 35 of this Act shall not apply to a trademark right 
based on international registration.  
 
(Special provisions concerning registration in the Trademark Registry)  
Article 68 -27 (1) For the purpose of application of Article 71(1)(i) to a trademark right based on 
international registration, the term "the establishment, renewal of the duration, division, 
transfer, modification, extinguishment, restoration or restriction on  disposition of a trademark 
right" in the said item shall be replaced with "the establishment, modification due to trust or 
restriction on disposition of a trademark right."  
(2) The renewal of the duration, the transfer, the modification (excluding a modif ication due to 
trust) or the extinction of a trademark right based on international registration shall have effect 
in accordance with that registration in the International Register.  
 
(Special provisions concerning amendment of proceedings)  
Article 68 -28 (1) Any amendment to the designated goods or designated services stated in the 
international application for trademark registration may be made only within the time limit 
designated in Article 15 -2 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursu ant to 
Article 55 -2(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60 -2(2))) 
or Article 15 -3 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 55 -2(1) 
(including cases where it is applied mutatis mutand is pursuant to Article 60 -2(2))).  
(2) Article 68 -40 shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration, except 
for matters deemed to be the detailed description of a trademark under Article 68 -9(2).  
 59 (Extra provisions relating to special provisions on trademark right covering two or more designated 
goods or designated services)  
Article 68 -29 For the purpose of the application of Article 69 relating to a trademark right based 
on international registration, the portion "20(4) or 33(1 ) of this Act, Article 97(1) or 98(1)(i) of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35 of this Act" in Article 69 shall be 
replaced with "33(1), 68 -25(1) or 68 -26(1)" and the term "Article 71(1)(i)" in Article 69 shall be 
replaced wi th "71(1)(i) as applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the specified terms in 
accordance with Article 68 -27(1), 68 -27(2)."  
 
(Individual fee for trademark right based on international registration)  
Article 68 -30 (1) Any person who desires to obtain a registr ation of establishment of a trademark 
right based on international registration shall pay to the International Bureau, as the individual 
fee provided in Article 8(7)(a) of the Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the "individual fee") for 
each registration  in the following amounts:  
(i) the amount equivalent to 2,700 yen plus 8,600 yen for each class of the goods and services; and  
(ii) the amount equivalent to 28,200  yen multiplied by the number of classes of the goods and 
services.  
(2) The individual fee in  the amount prescribed in item (i) of the preceding paragraph shall be paid 
prior to the international registration and the individual fee in the amount prescribed in item (ii) 
thereof shall be paid within the time limit provided by Ordinance  of the Minist ry of Economy, 
Trade and Industry.  
(3) Where an examiner's decision or appeal/trial  decision is rendered to the effect that a trademark 
pertaining to an international application for trademark registration is to be registered, the 
Commissioner of the Paten t Office shall notify the International Bureau of the time limit for the 
payment of the individual fee pertaining to the application, in the amount prescribed in item (ii) 
of paragraph (1).  
(4) Where the individual fee in the amount prescribed in items (ii ) of paragraph (1) is not paid, and 
as a result the international registration on which the international application for trademark 
registration is based is rescinded, the said application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.  
(5) A person requesting the  renewal of the duration of a trademark right based on international 
registration shall pay as the individual fee to the International Bureau for each registration the 
amount equivalent to 38,800  yen multiplied by the number of classes.  
(6) Articles 40 to 43 and 76(2) (limited to the portion listed under item (i) of the appended table) 
shall not apply to an application for international trademark registration and a trademark right 
based on the international registration.  
 
(Delegation to Ordinance  of the Min istry of Economy, Trade and Industry)  
Article 68 -31 In addition to the provisions of Articles 68 -9 to 68 -30, details of matters required for 
the implementation of the Protocol and the regulations thereunder shall be provided by 
Ordinance  of the Ministry of  Economy, Trade and Industry.  60  
SECTION 3 SPECIAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING APPLICATION FOR TRADEMARK 
REGISTRATION, ETC.  
 
(Special provisions concerning application for trademark registration after rescission of 
international registration)  
Article 68 -32 (1) Where an international registration relating to a trademark that was the subject 
of an international registration designating Japan is rescinded pursuant to Article 6(4) of the 
Protocol in respect of all or some of the goods or services listed in the inter national registration, 
the person who was the registered holder of the international registration may file an application 
for trademark registration in relation to all or some of the said goods or services.  
(2) Where an application for trademark registrati on under the preceding paragraph falls under all 
of the following items, the application shall be deemed to have been filed on the date of 
international registration (where the international registration under the said paragraph is 
related to the subsequen t designation, the date of the subsequent designation pertaining to the 
said international registration) of the international registration under the said paragraph.  
 (i) the application for trademark registration under the preceding paragraph is filed with in three 
months from the date on which the international registration under the said paragraph was 
rescinded;  
(ii) the trademark for which the registration is sought is identical with the trademark that was the 
subject of the international registration und er the preceding paragraph; and  
(iii) the designated goods or designated services in connection with the application for trademark 
registration under the preceding paragraph are within the scope of the goods or services listed 
in the international registra tion under the preceding paragraph.  
(3) Where an international application for trademark registration pertaining to an international 
registration under paragraph (1) enjoyed a right of priority pursuant to Article 4 of the Paris 
Convention, the application  for trademark registration under the said paragraph shall also enjoy 
the same right of priority.  
(4) The preceding paragraph shall also apply to the case where an international application for 
trademark registration pertaining to an international registra tion under paragraph (1) enjoyed 
a right of priority pursuant to Article 43 -3(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis upon 
reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 9 -3 or 13(1) of this Act.  
(5) For the purpose of the application of A rticle 10(1) to an application for trademark registration 
under paragraph (1), the portion of the said paragraph "part of an application" shall be replaced 
with "part of an application(limited to the goods or services that fall under the scope of those 
listed in the international registration under Article 68 -32(1))."  
(6) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of the person filing an application for trademark 
registration under paragraph (1), the person is unable to file the application within the time li mit 
as provided in paragraph (2)(i), the said person may, notwithstanding the said item, file the 
application within 14 days (two months for resident abroad) from the date on which the reasons 61 for not filing ceased to be applicable, but not later than six months after the expiration of the 
said time limit.  
(7) The application for trademark registration filed under the preceding paragraph shall be deemed 
to have been filed at the time of expiration of the time limit under paragraph (2)(i).  
 
(Special provisio ns concerning application for trademark registration after denunciation of 
Protocol)  
Article 68 -33 (1) Where, pursuant to Article 15(5)(b) of the Protocol, the registered holder of the 
international registration designating Japan becomes no longer entitled  as a person eligible to 
file the international application pursuant to Article 2(1) of the Protocol, the person who was the 
registered holder of the said international registration may file an application for trademark 
registration in connection with the goods or services listed in the said international registration.  
 (2) The provisions of paragraphs (2) to (7) of Article 68 -32 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an 
application for trademark registration under the preceding paragraph . In this case, the portio n 
"within three months from the date on which the international registration under the said 
paragraph was rescinded" in paragraph(2)(i) of the said Article  shall be deemed to be replaced 
with "within two years from the date on which the denunciation under Article 15(3) of the Protocol 
took effect."  
 
(Special provisions concerning reasons for refusal)  
Article 68 -34 (1) For the purpose of the application of Article 15 to an application for trademark 
registration pursuant to Article 68 -32(1) or 68 -33(1), the p ortion "falls under any of the following 
items" in Article 15 shall be replaced with "falls under any of the following items or where an 
application for trademark registration under Article 68 -32(1) or 68 -33(1) does not comply with 
the requirements provide d in Article 68 -32(1), 68 -33(1) or each item of 68 -32(2) (including cases 
where applied mutatis mutandis upon reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 68 -
33(2))."  
(2) The provision of Article 15 (limited to the part pertaining to item (i) and  (ii)) shall not apply to 
an application for trademark registration under Article 68 -32(1) or 68 -33(1) pertaining to a 
trademark right that was related to the international registration (referred to in Article 68 -37 
and 68 -39 as "re -filing of trademark rig ht pertaining to former international registration").  
 
(Special provisions concerning registration of establishment of trademark right)  
Article 68 -35 Notwithstanding Article 18(2), where, in connection with an application for trademark 
registration under A rticle 68 -32(1) or 68 -33(1), the examiner's decision or the appeal/trial  
decision to the effect that the trademark is to be registered has been rendered within ten years 
from the date of international registration of the international registration pertaini ng to the said 
application (where the duration of the international registration has been renewed, the date of 
most renewal) and the individual fee in the amount prescribed in Article 68 -30(1)(ii) has been 
paid to the International Bureau prior to the date  on which the international registration 62 pertaining to the said application is rescinded pursuant to Article 6(4) of the Protocol or to the 
date on which the denunciation under Article 15(3) of the Protocol takes effect, the establishment 
of the trademark right shall be registered.  
 
(Special provisions concerning duration)  
Article 68 -36 (1) The duration of a trademark right provided in Article 68 -35 shall expire after ten 
years from the date of the international registration of the international registratio n pertaining 
to the said application (where the duration of the international registration has been renewed, 
the date of most recent renewal).  
(2) Article 19(1) shall not apply to the duration of a trademark right provided in the preceding 
paragraph.  
 
(Spe cial provisions concerning opposition to registration)  
Article 68 -37 For the purpose of application of Article 43 -2 to a trademark registration pertaining 
to the re -filing of a trademark right pertaining to a former international registration, the term 
"trademark registration" in the said article shall be replaced with "trademark registration (in the 
case of a trademark registration pertaining to the re -filing of a trademark right pertaining to a 
former international registration, except any trademark regis tration for which the term provided 
in this Article has lapsed without any opposition to registration of the former trademark 
registration pertaining to the former international registration)."  
 
(Special provisions concerning invalidation trial  of trademark registration)  
Article 68 -38 For the purpose of the trial prescribed in Article 46(1) for the trademark registration 
pertaining to an application for trademark registration under Article 68 -32(1) or 68 -33(1), the 
term "falls under any of the f ollowing items" in the said paragraph shall be replaced with "falls 
under any of the following items or has been made in violation of the provision of Article 68 -32(1), 
68-33(1) or each item of Article 68 -32(2) (including cases where applied mutatis mutand is upon 
reading the specified terms in accordance with Article 68 -33(2))."  
 
Article 68 -39 For the purpose of the application of Article 47 to a trademark registration pertaining 
to the re -filing of a trademark right pertaining to a former international reg istration, the portion 
"may not be filed" in the said article shall be replaced with "may not be filed.  The same shall also 
apply, in relation to the trademark registration pertaining to the re -filing of the trademark right 
pertaining to former internation al registration, even prior to a lapse of five years from the date 
of registration of the establishment of the trademark right, when a request for trial under Article 
46(1) can be no longer filed pursuant to this article pertaining to the trademark registr ation 
pertaining to the former international registration."  
 
CHAPTER 8 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS  
 63 (Amendment of proceedings)  
Article 68 -40 (1) The person undertaking a procedure before the Patent Office with regard to an 
application for trademark registration, an application for defensive mark registration, any 
requests or any other procedures relating to trademark registration or defensive m ark 
registration, may make amendments relating thereto only when the case is pending in 
examination, examination on opposition to registration, appeal/trial  or retrial.  
(2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a person who has applied for trademark reg istration 
may, at the time of payment of the registration fee under Article 40(1) or 41 -2(1), make 
amendments to reduce the number of classes pertaining to the application for trademark 
registration.  
 
(Special provisions on trademark right covering two or more designated goods or designated 
services)  
Article 69  For the purpose of the application of Article 13 -2(4) (including where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68(1)), 20(4) and 33(1) of this Act, Article 97(1) or 98(1)(i) of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35 of this Act, Article 43 -3(3), 46(3) , 
46-2 or 54 of this Act, Article 132(1) of the Patent Act as respectively applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act or Article 174(3)  of the Pat ent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 61 of this Act, Article 59, 60, 71(1)(i) or 75(2)(iv) of this Act, to the 
trademark registration or trademark right covering two or more designated goods or designated 
services, the trademark shall be  deemed to have been registered or the trademark right shall be 
deemed to exist, for each of the designated goods or designated services.  
 
(Special provisions on trademarks, etc., similar to registered trademarks)  
Article 70 (1) The term "registered tradem ark" as used in Article 25, 29, 30(2), 31(2), 31 -2(1), 34(1), 
38(3) or (4), 50, 52 -2(1), 59(i), 64, 73 or 74 shall include trademarks similar to the registered 
trademark that would be regarded as being identical with the registered trademark if they were 
in the same color(s) as the registered trademark.  
 (2) The term "registered defensive mark" as used in Article 4(1)(xii) or 67 shall include marks 
similar to the registered defensive mark that would be regarded as being identical with the 
registered defensi ve mark if they were in the same color(s) as the registered defensive trademark.  
(3) The term "trademark similar to the registered trademark" as used in Article 37(i) or 51(1) shall 
not include any trademark similar to the registered trademark that would b e regarded as being 
identical with the registered trademark if they were in the same color(s) as the registered 
trademark.  
(4) The preceding three paragraphs shall not apply to a trademark  that consists solely of colors.  
 
(Registration in Trademark Registr y) 
Article 71  (1) The following matters shall be registered in the Trademark Registry maintained in 
the Patent Office:  64 (i) the establishment, renewal of the duration, division, transfer, modification, extinguishment, 
restoration or restriction on dispositi on of a trademark right;  
(ii) the establishment, renewal of the duration, transfer or extinguishment of right based on 
defensive mark registration;  
(iii) the establishment, maintenance, transfer, modification, extinguishment or restriction on 
disposition o f exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use; and  
(iv) the establishment, transfer, modification, extinguishment or restriction on disposition of a right 
of pledge on a trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use.  
(2) The Trademark Registry may be prepared, in whole or in part, in the form of magnetic tapes 
(including other storage media using a similar method that may record or reliably store certain 
matters; the same shall apply hereinafter).  
(3) In addition to those provided in this act, matters relating to the registration shall be provided 
by Cabinet Order.  
 
(Issuance of certificate of trademark registration, etc.)  
Article 71 -2 (1) Upon registration of the establishment of a trademark right or upon registration of 
the establishment of rights based on defensive mark registration, the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office shall issue a certificate of trademark registration or defensive mark registration to the 
holder of trademark right.  
(2) The re -issuance of a certificat e of trademark registration or defensive mark registration shall 
be provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
 
(Request for certificate, etc.)  
Article 72  (1) Any person may file a request with regard to trademark registration or  defensive 
mark registration to the Commissioner of the Patent Office to issue a certificate, a transcript of 
documents or an extract of documents, to allow the inspection or copying of documents  or 
materials under Article 5(4),  or to issue documents store d on the magnetic tapes that constitute 
a part of the Trademark Registry; provided, however, that if the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office considers it necessary to keep such documents confidential, this provision shall not apply 
in the case of the followi ng documents:  
(i) documents pertaining to a trial under Article 46(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68(4)), 50(1), 51(1), 52 -2(1), 53(1) or 53 -2 (including cases where it 
is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to A rticle 68(4)) or a retrial of the final and binding trial 
decision rendered in the said trial, with respect to which the party in the case or an intervener 
has given notice that a trade secret owned by the said party in the case or intervener has been 
described (trade secret as provided in Section  2(6) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act (Act 
No. 47 of 1993));  
(ii) documents which are likely to cause damage to an individual's reputation or peaceful existence; 
and 
(iii) documents which are likely to cau se damage to public policy.  65 (2) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office approves of the request under the main clause of 
the preceding paragraph with regard to the documents as provided in item (i) or (ii) of the said 
paragraph, the Commissioner of the  Patent Office shall notify the person who submitted the said 
documents thereof and reasons therefor.  
(3) Provisions of the Act Concerning Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs (Act No. 
42 of 1999) shall not apply to the documents concerning trademark registration or defensive mark 
registration and the part of the Trademark Registry stored on magnetic tapes.  
(4) Provisions in Chapter 4 of the Act Concerning Protection of Personal Information Possessed by 
Administrative Organs (Act No. 58 of 20 03) shall not apply to the possessed Personal Information 
(referring to the possessed Personal Information as provided in Article 2(3) of the said Act) 
recorded in the documents concerning trademark registration or defensive mark registration and 
the part of the Trademark Registry stored on magnetic tapes.  
 
(Indication of trademark registration)  
Article 73  Where the holder of trademark right, exclusive right to use or non -exclusive right to use 
affixes the registered trademark to the designated goods, packa ges of the designated goods or 
articles to be used for the provision of the designated services, or affixes, in the provision of the 
designated services, the registered trademark to the goods pertaining to the provision of the 
designated services that belo ng to the person receiving the designated services pursuant to the 
provisions of Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, he/she shall make 
efforts to affix to the trademark an indication (hereinafter referred to as an "indication of 
trade mark registration") stating that the trademark is a registered trademark.  
 
(Prohibition of false indication)  
Article 74  It shall be prohibited for a person to do the following acts:  
(i) in using a trademark that is not a registered trademark, to affix an indication of trademark 
registration or an indication confusing therewith to the trademark;  
(ii) in using a registered trademark for goods or services that are not the designated goods or 
designated services, to affix an indication of trademark registratio n or an indication confusing 
therewith to the trademark;  
(iii) the possession, for the purpose of assignment or delivery, of articles affixed on goods or on their 
packages, a trademark other than a registered trademark, articles affixed on goods other than  
the designated goods, or on their packages, a registered trademark in connection with goods, or 
articles affixed on goods or on their packages, a registered trademark in connection with services, 
where the indication of trademark registration or an indica tion confusing therewith is affixed to 
the said trademark;  
(iv) the possession or importation of articles affixed with a trademark other than a registered 
trademark, that are used in the course of the provision of services by a person who receives the 
said services, articles affixed with a registered trademark in connection with services, that are 
used in the course of the provision of services other than the designated services by a person who 66 receives the said services, or articles affixed with a register ed trademark in connection with 
goods, that are used in the course of the provision of services by a person who receives the said 
services, where the indication of trademark registration or an indication confusing therewith is 
affixed to the said trademark  (hereinafter referred to in the following item as "articles with a 
false indication of trademark registration pertaining to services"), for the purpose of the 
provision of the said services through use of the said articles; and  
(v) the assignment, deliver y, or possession or importation for the purpose of assignment or delivery 
of articles with a false indication of trademark registration pertaining to services, for the purpose 
of causing the provision of the said services through use of the said articles;  
 
(Trademark Gazette)  
Article 75  (1) The Patent Office shall publish the trademark gazette  
(2) In addition to those matters provided in this Act, the trademark gazette shall contain the 
following matters:  
(i) examiner's decisions to the effect that an appli cation is to be refused, or the waiver, withdrawal 
or dismissal of applications for trademark registration or applications for defensive mark 
registration after laying open of application;  
(ii) succession of right deriving from an application for trademark  registration after laying open of 
application;  
(iii) amendments made to the designated goods or designated services stated in an application, to 
the trademark for which the registration is sought, or to the mark for which the defensive mark 
registration i s sought after laying open of application;  
(iv) extinguishments of trademark rights (except due to the expiration of the duration and the 
provision of Article 41-2(6) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 
Article 41 -2(8)); 
(v) filing of an opposition to registration or request appeal/trial  or a retrial, or withdrawal thereof;  
(vi) final and binding decisions on the opposition to registration, final and binding appeal/trial  
decisions or the final and binding decision or appeal/tri al decision on retrial; and  
(vii) final and binding judgments in actions under Article 63(1).  
 
(Fees)  
Article 76  (1) Fees shall be paid by the following persons in an amount to be provided by Cabinet 
Order in view of the actual costs:  
(i) persons notifying  of succession under Article 34(4) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 13(2) of this Act;  
(ii) persons filing a request for an extension of the term under Article 17 -4 of the Design Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17 -2(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68(2)) of this Act, Article 41(2) , Article 41 -2(2), 43-4(3) (including 
cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis under Article 68(4)) of this Act, Article 65 -8(3) or  
Article 4 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 77(1) of this Act  or Article 67 5(1), or a change of the date under Article 5(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 77(1) of this Act.  
(iii) persons filing an application for international registration to the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office pursuant to Article 68 -2; 
(iv) persons presenting to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a request for subsequent 
designation pursuant to Article 68 -4; 
(v) persons filing  an application for renewal of the duration of international registration to the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office pursuant to Article 68 -5; 
(vi) persons filing a request to the Commissioner of the Patent Office for the recording of a change 
in the ownersh ip of international registration pursuant to Article 68 -6; 
(vii) persons filing a request for the re -issuance of a certificate of trademark registration or 
defensive mark registration;  
(viii) persons filing a request for the issuance of a certificate pursu ant to Article 72(1);  
(ix) persons filing a request for the issuance of a transcript of documents or an extract of documents 
pursuant to Article 72(1);  
(x) persons filing a request to allow the inspection or copying of documents or materials under 
Article 5(4) pursuant to Article 72(1); and  
(xi) persons filing a request for the issuance of documents whose contents are stored on magnetic 
tapes that constitute part of the Trademark Registry pursuant to Article 72(1).  
(2) The persons listed in the center colum n of the attached table shall pay fees in the amount as 
provided by Cabinet Order within the range of the amounts specified in the corresponding right -
hand column of the table.  
(3) The preceding two paragraphs shall not apply where the person to pay the fe e in accordance 
with these paragraphs is the State.  
(4) Where the State has co -ownership of a trademark right, a right deriving from an application for 
trademark registration or a right based on an application for defensive mark registration with a 
person other than the State, and the portion of their respective shares of the said right has been 
agreed, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2), the fees payable thereunder 
(limited to those provided by Cabinet Order) shall be determined as the sum of the provided fees 
multiplied by the ratios of the share of each person other than the State, and, the person(s) other 
than the State shall pay such sum.  
(5) Where the amount of the fees calculated under the preceding paragraph has a fractional figur e 
of less than ten yen,  the said portion shall be discarded.  
(6) The payment of the fees under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be made by patent revenue stamps as 
provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; provided, however, that 
wher e so provided by Ordinance  of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, a cash payment 
thereof shall be accepted.  
(7) Fees paid in excess or in error shall be refunded upon the request of the person who made 
payment thereof.  68 (8) No request for a refund of the fees under the preceding paragraph may be filed after one year 
from the date on which the payment thereof has been made.  
(9) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of the person, the person filing a request for refund a 
registration fee is unable to file the request within the time limit as provided in paragraph (7), the 
said person may, notwithstanding the said paragraph, file the request within 14 days (two months 
for resident abroad) from the date on which the reasons for not filing ceased to be  applicable, but 
not later than six months after the expiration of the said time limit.  
 
(Mutatis mutandis application of Patent Act)  
Article 77  (1) The provisions of Articles 3 to 5 (time periods and dates) of the Patent Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis t o time periods and dates provided in this Act.  In this case, the term "Article 
121(1)" of Article 4 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 44(1) or 45(1) 
of the Trademark Act."  
(2) Articles 6 to 9, 11 to 16, 17(3) and 17(4), 18 to 2 4 and 194 (procedures) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to an application for trademark registration, an application for defensive 
mark registration, any petitions or any other procedures pertaining to trademark registration or 
defensive mark  registration.  In this case, the portion " appeal against  an examiner's decision of 
refusal" in Article 9 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with " appeal  under Article 
44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act," the portion " appeal against  an examin er's decision of 
refusal" in Article 14 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with " appeal  under Article 
44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act," the portion "(ii) where the procedures do not comply with 
the formal requirements provided by this Act  or an order thereunder" in Article 17(3) of the 
Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "(ii) where the procedures do not comply with the 
formal requirements provided by this Act or an order thereunder; (ii) -2 where, pertaining to the 
procedures, t he registration fee under Article 40(2) of the Trademark Act or the registration fee 
(including the registration surcharge due and payable pursuant to Article 43(1) or 43(2) of the 
Trademark Act) payable at the time of application for registration of renew al pursuant to Article 
41-2(7) of the Trademark Act is not paid," the portion " any of the items in Article 38 -2(1)" in 
Article 18 -2(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "any of the items in Article 
5-2(1) of the Trademark Act (including  cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 
Article 68(1) of the Trademark Act))."  
(3) The provision of Article 25 (Enjoyment of rights by foreign nationals) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to a trademark right and other rights r elating to the trademark 
registration.  
(4) Article 26 (Effect of treaties) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the trademark 
registration and defensive mark registration.  
(5) The provisions of Articles 189 to 192 (Service) of the Patent Act s hall apply mutatis mutandis 
to service provided in this Act.  
(6) Article 195 -3 of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to dispositions under this Act or 
under an order based on this Act.  69 (7) Article 195 -4 (Restriction on appeals under Administrative Appeal Act) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to an examiner's decision, a ruling to dismiss an amendment, a rescission 
decision, appeal/trial  decision, a ruling to dismiss a written opposition, a ruling to dismiss a 
written request for appeal/trial  or retrial under this Act and to a disposition against which no 
appeal lies in accordance with this act.  
 
(Transitional measures)  
Article 77 -2 Where  an order is established, revised or abolished pursuant to this Act, transitional 
measures (including transitional measures relating to penal provisions) to the extent deemed 
reasonably necessary for the establishment, revision or abolishment may be provid ed by the said 
order.  
 
CHAPTER 9 PENAL PROVISIONS  
 
(Crime of infringement)  
Article 78  An infringer of a trademark right or an exclusive right to use (excluding one who has 
committed an act that shall be deemed to constitute infringement of a trademark righ t or an 
exclusive right to use under Article 37 or Article 67) shall be punished by imprisonment with 
work for a term not exceeding ten years or a fine not exceeding 10,000,000 yen or combination 
thereof.  
 
Article 78 -2 Any person who has committed an act t hat shall be deemed to constitute infringement 
of a trademark right or an exclusive right to use under Article 37 or Article 67 shall be punished 
by imprisonment with work for a term not exceeding five years or a fine not exceeding 5,000,000 
yen or combina tion thereof.  
 
(Crime of fraud)  
Article 79  Any person who has obtained a trademark registration, defensive mark registration, 
registration of renewal of the duration of trademark right or right based on defensive mark 
registration, decision on opposition t o registration or appeal/trial  decision by means of a 
fraudulent act shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a term not exceeding three years 
or a fine not exceeding 3,000,000 yen.  
 
(Crime of false indication)  
Article 80  Any person who fails to com ply with Article 74 shall be punished by imprisonment with 
work for a term not exceeding three years or a fine not exceeding 3,000,000yen.  
 
(Crime of perjury, etc.)  
Article 81  (1) A witness, an expert witness or an interpreter who has taken an oath under t his Act 
and made a false statement or given a false expert opinion or a false interpretation before the 70 Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for 
a term of between three months and ten years.  
(2) Where a  person who has committed the offense in the preceding paragraph has made a voluntary 
confession before a transcript of the judgment on the case has been served, or a decision on an 
opposition to registration or appeal/trial  decision has become final and b inding, the punishment 
may be reduced or waived  
 
(Crime of breach of confidentiality order)  
Article 81 -2 (1) Any person who fails to comply with an order pursuant to Article 105 -4(1) (including 
cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article  13-2(5)) of the Patent Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 39 of this Act shall be punished by imprisonment 
with work for a term not exceeding five years or a fine not exceeding 5,000,000yen or combination 
thereof.  
(2) The prosecution of t he crime under the preceding paragraph may not be instituted unless a 
complaint is filed.  
(3) The crime under paragraph (1) shall apply to a person who commits the crime under the said 
paragraph while outside Japan.  
 
(Dual liability)  
Article 82  (1) Where a  representative of a juridical person or an agent, employee or other staff 
member of a juridical person or an individual has committed, in the course of performing social 
activities for the juridical person or individual, any act in violation of the provis ions prescribed 
in the following items, in addition to the offender, the juridical person shall be punished by fine 
as provided in the corresponding items and the individual shall be punished by fine as provided 
in each article prescribed in the following items:  
(i) Article 78, Article 78 -2 or 81 -2(1), a fine not exceeding 300 million yen; and  
(ii) Article 79 or 80, a fine not exceeding 100 million yen.  
(2) In the case of the preceding paragraph, a complaint under Article 81 -2(2) against the offender 
shall also have effect on the juridical person or individual and a complaint against the juridical 
person or individual shall also have effect on the offender.  
(3) Where a fine is imposed on a judicial person or individual pursuant to  paragraph (1) with regard 
to a violation of Article 78, 78 -2 or 81 -2(1), the period of prescription shall be governed by the 
same rules as for crimes in the provisions thereof.  
 
(Non -penal fine)  
Article 83  Where a person who has taken an oath under Article 207(1) of the Code of Civi l Procedure 
as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 151 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 71(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 
Article 28(3) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mut andis pursuant to Article 68(3) of 
this Act) of this Act, Article 43 -8 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant 71 to Article 60 -2(1) and 68(4) of this Act) or Article 56(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68(4) of this Act), Article 174(3)  of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 61 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant 
to Article 68(5) of this Act), Article 58(2) of the Design Act as applied muta tis mutandis pursuant 
to Article 62(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(5) 
of this Act), or Article 58(3) of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 
62(2) (including cases where it is appli ed mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(5) of this Act) 
has made a false statement before the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby, the said 
person shall be liable to a non -penal fine not exceeding 100,000 yen.  
 
Article 84  A person who has been  summoned by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby 
in accordance with this Act and fails to appear or refuses to take an oath, make a statement, 
testify, give an expert opinion or interpret without a just cause shall be liable to a non -penal fi ne 
not exceeding 100,000yen.  
 
Article 85  A person who has been ordered by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby to 
submit or present documents or other materials for the purpose of examination or preservation 
of evidence in accordance with this  Act, and fails to comply with the order without a just cause 
shall be liable to a non -penal fine not exceeding 100,000yen.  
 
Supplementary provisions (Extract)  
within the period specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry  
 
 
Attached Table (In relation to Article 76)  
 Person responsible for 
payment  Amount  
1 Person filing an application for 
trademark registration  6,000 yen per case plus 15,000 
yen for each class  
2 Person filing an application for 
defensive mark registration o r 
for registration of renewal of 
the duration of a right based 
on defensive mark registration  12,000 yen per case plus 
30,000 yen for each class  
3 Person responsible for the 
procedures under Article 
43(7), Article 41(3), Article 41 -
2(3), Article 65 -8(4) of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis 4,200  yen per case  72 mutandis under Article 9(3) 
and Article 13(1), or Article 
5(3) of the Patent Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis 
under Article 77(1)  
4 Person requesting the division 
of a trademark right  30,000 yen per c ase 
5 Person requesting an advisory 
opinion pursuant to Article 
28(1) (including cases where it 
is applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 68(3))  40,000 yen per case  
6 Person filing an opposition to 
registration  3,000 yen per case plus 8,000 
yen for  each class  
7 Person requesting to intervene 
in proceedings of an opposition 
to registration  11,000 yen per case  
8 Person filing a request for 
appeal/trial  or retrial  15,000 yen per case plus 
40,000 yen for each class  
9 Person requesting to intervene 
in a trial or retrial  55,000 yen per case