Import Health Standard  
Issued under the Biosecurity Act 1993   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Seeds for Sowing  
155.02.05  
26 January 2017  
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  1 of 139 
TITLE  
Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing  
COMMENCEMEN T 
This Import Health Standard  comes into force on  the date of issue.   
REVOCATION  
This import health standard revokes and replaces  Import Health Standard 155.02.05: Seeds for Sowing, dated 
25th day of November 2016 . 
ISSUING AUTHORITY  
This Import Health Standard  is issued  under section 24A of the Biosecurity Act 1993   
 
Dated at Wellington this 26th day of January  2017 
 
 
Stephen Butcher  
Manager , Import & Export (Plants) group  
Ministry for Primary Industries  
(acting under dele gated authority of the Director -General)  
 
Contact for further information  
Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI)  
Regulation & Assurance Branch  
Plant Imports  
PO Box 2526  
Wellington 6140  
Email: plantimports@mpi.govt.nz   
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  2 of 139 
Contents  Page 
Introduction  5 
Part 1:  General Requirements  7 
1.1 Application  7 
1.2 Incorporation of material by refe rence  7 
1.3 Definitions  7 
1.4 Requirements for seed for sowing  7 
1.5 Documentation  8 
1.6 Post- entry quarantine  10 
1.7 Seed for sowing of New Zealand origin  11 
1.8 Biosecurity clearance  11 
1.9 Seed for sowing imported as laboratory specimens  11 
Part 2:  Specific Requirements  13 
2.1 Abies  14 
2.2 Acer 15 
2.3 Acrocomia  16 
2.4 Actinidia  17 
2.5 Agropyron  18 
2.6 Agrostis  19 
2.7 Arabidopsis thaliana  20 
2.8 Avena  21 
2.9 Beta 22 
2.10  Brassica napus  23 
2.11  Camellia sinensis  24 
2.12 Camissonia  25 
2.13  Cannabis sativa  26 
2.14  Capsicum  28 
2.15  Carpinus  30 
2.16  Carthamus tinctorius  31 
2.17  Carya  32 
2.18  Castanea  33 
2.19  Cicer  34 
2.20  Citrus  35 
2.21  Cocos  36 
2.22  Coffea  37 
2.23  Coriandrum  38 
2.24  Corylus  39 
2.25  Corypha  40 
2.26  Cucurbitaceae  41 
2.27  Cuminum  45 
2.28  Desmodium  46 
2.29  Echinochloa  47 
2.30  Elaeis 48 
2.31  Eriobotrya  49 
2.32  Fagus  50 
2.33  Fragaria  51 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  3 of 139 
2.34  Glycine  53 
2.35  Gossypium  54 
2.36  Helianthus  55 
2.37  Hordeum  56 
2.38  Humulus  58 
2.39  Juglans  59 
2.40  Lablab  60 
2.41  Lavand ula 61 
2.42  Lens  62 
2.43  Linum usitatissimum  63 
2.44  Lithocarpus densiflorus  64 
2.45  Livistona  65 
2.46  Lophophora williamsii  66 
2.47  Lotus  67 
2.48  Macadamia  68 
2.49  Malus  69 
2.50  Mangifera  71 
2.51  Medicago  72 
2.52  Nicoti ana tabacum  73 
2.53  Oxyria  74 
2.54  Panicum  75 
2.55  Papaver somniferum  76 
2.56  Persea  77 
2.57  Phaseolus  78 
2.58  Phoenix  80 
2.59  Pinus  81 
2.60  Pisum  82 
2.61  Populus  84 
2.62  Prunus  85 
2.63  Pseudotsuga menziesii  87 
2.64  Psophocarpus  88 
2.65  Pyrus  89 
2.66  Quercus  91 
2.67  Ribes  92 
2.68  Rubus  94 
2.69  Sesamum  96 
2.70  Solanum  97 
2.71  Solanum lycopersicum  98 
2.72  Solanum tuberosum  99 
2.73  Sorghum  100 
2.74  Stenotaphrum  101 
2.75  Trigonella foenum -graecum  102 
2.76  Triticum  103 
2.77  Ulmus  105 
2.78  Vaccinium  106 
2.79  Vicia  108 
2.80  Vigna  109 
2.81  Vitis 110 
2.82  Zea mays  112 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  4 of 139 
Appendix 1: Definitions  115 
Appendix 2: Amendment Record  117 
Appendix 3: Declaration Form  119 
Appendix 4: Regulated Pest List for Importation of Seed for Sowing  120 
 
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  5 of 139 
Introduction  
This introduction is not part of the import health standard (IHS),  but is intended to indicate its general effect.  
Purpose  
This IHS specifies the requirements for the importation of seeds intended for sowing in New Zealand.  
Background  
The New Zealand Biosecurity Act 1993 provides the legal basis for excluding, eradicating and effectively 
managing pests and unwanted organism s. 
Each IHS issued under the Act specifies requirements to be met for the effective management of risks 
associated with imported goods that may pose a biosecurity threat to New Zealand. This IHS includes 
requirements that must be met in the exporting count ry, during transit and importation, and post clearance if 
specified before biosecurity clearance is given.  
Additional information to the requirements is included in guidance text boxes.  
Who should read this import health standard?  
This IHS applies to importers of seed for sowing into New Zealand from all countries and outlines the import 
requirements that must be met.  
Importers of seed for laboratory testing, analysis or research (where biosecurity clearance is not required) 
should refer  to IHS MPI.STD.PLANTMATERIAL: Dried & Preserved Plant Material, & Fresh Plant Material for 
Testing, Analysis or Research.  
Products containing viable seed that also contain organic growing media must also meet the requirements of 
the relevant IHS: MPI.STD .FERTGRO:  Fertilisers and Growing Media of Plant Origin . 
Why is this important?  
It is the importers responsibility to ensure the requirements of this IHS are met. Consignments that do not 
comply with the requirements of this IHS may not be cleared for en try into New Zealand and /or further 
information may be sought from importers.  
Importers are liable for all associated expenses.  
Equivalence  
MPI may consider a pre -export application for an equivalent phytosanitary measure to be approved, different 
from that provided for in this IHS, if in the opinion of the Director -General, it is considered to be equivalent to 
the current measures taken for managing the risks associated with the importation of those goods.  
Equivalence will be considered with reference  to the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures 
(ISPM), Publication No. 24: Guidelines for the determination and recognition of equivalence of phytosanitary 
measures (2011).  
 
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  6 of 139 
Document history  
Refer to Appendix 2 for the amendment record for t his IHS.  
Other Information  
This is not an exhaustive list of compliance requirements and it is the importer's responsibility to be familiar 
with and comply with all New Zealand laws.  
Listed below are other New Zealand legislative requirements which may al so apply to seeds for sowing.  
Importers of Cannabis sativa  (low THC hemp seed), Lophophora williamsii  and Papaver somniferum  must 
contact the Ministry of Health prior to importation for advice on licensing:  
Ministry of Health  
PO Box 5013  
Wellington  
Attention: Advisor, Controlled Drug Licensing  
Telephone: 04 496 2018  
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  7 of 139 
Part 1:  General R equirements   
1.1 Application  
(1) This import health standard  (IHS)  applies to all viable seed, and products containing viable seed, from 
species that are listed in the MPI Plant Biose curity Index other than seeds listed as “requires 
assessment” or “prohibited entry”.   
(2) This IHS applies to seed for sowing from any country, unless otherwise specified in Part 2: Specific 
Requirements.  
 
Guidance  
 A step-by-step guide to importing seeds for sowing  can be found on the MPI website.  
 
 
1.2 Incorporation of material by reference  
(1) The following documents are incorporated by reference under section 142M of the Act;  
a) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM);  
b) MPI Biosecurity Organisms Register for Imported Commodities (BORIC) ; 
c) MPI Standard MPI -STD-ABRT Approved Biosecurity Treatments ; 
d) MPI Schedule of Regulated (Quarantine) Weed Seeds ; 
e) MPI Plants Biosecurity Index (PBI) ;  
f) MPI Protocol for Testing Seed Imports for the Presence of Genetically Modified M aterial ; 
g) MPI List of Approved Pest Free Areas for Fusarium circinatum ; 
h) International Rules for Seed T esting (ISTA)  
(2) Under section 142O(3) of the Act it is declared that section 142O(1) does not apply, that is, a notice  
under section 142O(2) of the Act is not required to be published before material that amends or 
replaces any material incorporated by refer ence has legal effect as part of those documents.     
1.3 Definitions  
(1) Definitions that apply to this IHS are listed in Appendix 1.  
1.4 Requirements for seed for sowing  
(1) Seed for sowing must meet the following requirements:  
a) all seed for sowing must be clearly id entified with the scientific name (e.g. genus and species) ; 
b) all packaging associated with seed for sowing must be clean, free from soil and other 
contaminants;  
c) all seed for sowing from fleshy fruits must have all traces of flesh removed, except:  
i) Orchidacea e seed (which may be imported in dry/green pods); and  
ii) any other seed species specified in Part 2: Specific Requirements.  
(2) Seed for sowing must not contain:  
a) any unidentified seed;  
b) any regulated pest (s);  
c) any soil particles greater than 0.1% by weight ; and  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  8 of 139 
d) quarantine weed seed contamination must not exceed the MPL of 0.01%. To achieve 95% 
confidence that the MPL (of 0.01% probability) will not be exceeded, no quarantine weeds seeds 
are permitted (i.e acceptance = No. = 0) in a sample(s) drawn and analysed b y a MPI – approved 
method (e.g. ISTA sampling methodology as approved by MPI).  
(3) The Maximum Pest Limit (MPL) for visually detectable regulated pests on seed for sowing is, at a 95% 
confidence level, not more that 0.5% of the units in the consignment are inf ested:  
a) this equates to an acceptable level of zero units infested by regulated pests in a sample size of a 
minimum of 5kg.  
(4) For seed for sowing listed in the MPI Plant Biosecurity Index (PBI) as " basic “ under Import 
Specification Seed for Sowing the imp orter must elect one of the following two options:  
Option 1: Seed with a ph ytosanitary certificate :  
a) seed for sowing must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate that meets the requirements 
set under Part 1.5.2 of this IHS; or   
Option 2: Seed without a phytosanitary certificate : 
b) on arrival in New Zealand, the consignment/lots must be inspected at the importers expense.   
(5) Seed for sowing listed in the PBI under Import Specification Seed for Sowing as "see 155.02.05 
under… “) must meet all the re quirements of Part 1: General Requirements and any specific 
requirements in Part 2: Specific Requirements.  
(6) Any phytosanitary treatment, as required in Part 2: Specific Requirements, may be completed in New 
Zealand on arrival, if available, unless stated o therwise.  
1.5 Documentation  
1.5.1 Permit to Import  
(1) A permit to import is only required if specified in Part 2: Specific Requirements.  
1.5.2 Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) A phytosanitary certificate is required for all seed imported under Part 2: Specific Requirements  and for 
all “basic” seed imported under Option 1 in 1.4(4).   
(2) The phytosanitary certificate must be issued by the exporting country National Plant Protection 
Organisation (NPPO) in accordance with ISPM 12: Guidelines for phytosanitary certificates.  
(3) The phytosanit ary certificate must include any additional declaration(s) required under Part 2: Specific 
Requirements.  
(4) The phytosanitary certificate must certify that the seed has been inspected in accordance with 
appropriate official procedures and found to be free of any visually detectable regulated pests and 
conforms to New Zealand’s import requirements.  
(5) If visually detectable pests are found which are not listed in this IHS and BORIC, the certifying NPPO 
must establish their regulatory status prior to issuing the ce rtificate.  
(6) If the exporting NPPO is satisfied that the pre -shipment inspection activites have been carried out 
effectively, the following certification statement must be provided:  
– “This is to certify that the seeds described herein have been inspected and/or tested 
according to appropriate official procedures and considered to be free from the specified 
quarantine pests and to conform with current phytosanitary requirements”.  
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  9 of 139 
Guidance  
 The phytosanitary certificate should  contain sufficient detail to e nable identification of the consignment 
and its component parts.  Information should include:  
– lot number(s);  
– number and description of packages;  
– country/place of origin of the seed; and  
– variety name(s).  
 If a visually detectable pest is not listed in this re gister, the certifying NPPO may contact MPI to 
establish the regulatory status of the pest.  
 Information about the regulated pests for New Zealand is available in BORIC .  
 
1.5.3 Seed analysis certificate (SAC)  
(1) For all viable seed and products containing viable seed of species listed in the MPI PBI the importer 
must elect one of the following two options:   
Option 1: Seed accompanied by a SAC:  
a) The seed is to be accompanied by a SA C (original or PDF copy), documenting the status of the 
seed with respect to quarantine impurities, which must:  
i) be issued by an ISTA or AOSA accredited seed testing station, or an accredited laboratory 
that follows the ISTA or AOSA methodology;  
ii) state the  actual weight of the sample examined;  
iii) be endorsed that the sample has been officially drawn from an identified seed lot;  
iv) be endorsed that the minimum size of the sample examined was as prescribed for the 
determination of other species by number in ISTA (as published in Seed Science and 
Technology 24, 1996);  
v) state the botanical name of each identified species of seed or nematode gall found in the 
sample (any unidentified genera or species are to be recorded as such);  
vi) give the percentage of soil particle s present in the sample;  
vii) certify that none of the regulated (quarantine weed seeds)  listed in the  Schedule of 
Regulated (Quarantine) Weed Seeds  were present in the sample.  
Option 2: Seed not accompanied by a SAC:   
b) On arrival in New Zealand, samples of the seed must be inspected by MPI inspectors or, where 
appropriate, sent to a MPI -approved seed testing laboratory for analysis for weed seeds and 
other contaminants at the importer’s expense.  
Guidance  
 Consignments of seeds not accompanied by a SAC may still enter New Zealand and will be sampled 
and analysed for regulated contaminants at the importer's expense.  
1.5.4 Genetically modified testing certificate  
(1) Genetically modified (GM) testing certificates are required for all consignments of Brassica napus var. 
oleifera , Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum,  Medicago sativa Zea mays var. indentata and Zea mays 
var. saccharata, unless  stated in the Protocol for Testi ng Seed Imports for the Presence of Genetically 
Modified Seeds  (the Protocol).  
(2) A GM testing certificate is an option for consignments of Cucurbita pepo  and Linum usitatissimum . 
(3) GM testing c ertificate s must :  
a) state the sampling method used for each seed lin e (e.g . automatic in -line machine) ;  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  10 of 139 
b) contain the same lot number or unique identifier as stated on all the other import documentation  
for consignments arriving in New Zealand;  
(4) Testing must  be conducte d by facilities approved by MPI and a copy of the comple ted test certificate 
must accompany the consignment imported into New Zealand .  
(5) Importers must provide all test records when required by an MPI inspector.  
Guidance  
 Complete guidelines for sampling and testing for the presence of GM seeds are specified in the 
Protocol. The Protocol and a list of MPI approved facilities are located on the MPI website . 
 MPI will examine the test certificates on arrival to confirm that they reconcile with the actual seed for 
sowing.  
 If consignments arrive at the border without having been tested for the presence of GM seeds, MPI 
will offer the importer the conditions of re -shipment, destruction, or having the consignment sampled 
and tested according to the Protocol  at the importer’s expense.  
 Any consignment that is found to contain unapproved GM seeds will not be permitted to enter New 
Zealand and will be re -shipped or destroyed, unless the importer obtains an approval to grow the GM 
variety from the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA).  
 All test results must be available to MPI on request.  
 
1.6 Post - entry quarantine  
(1) Seed for sowing must be imported into a post entry quarantine (PEQ) facility if required by Part 2: 
Specific Requirements . 
(2) The PEQ facility must be approved to the MPI operational standard PBC -NZ-TRA-PQCON.  
(3) Seed for sowing must be actively growing during t he quarantine period, and must be tested, treated or 
inspected for regulated pests at the importer’s expense.  
(4) Testing must be undertaken by a diagnostic laboratory approved to the MPI diagnostic standard 
155.04.03.  
1.6.1 Testing  
(1) The unit for testing is defined  as an individual seedling  and each seedling must be labelled individually 
and tested separately , unless one of the following methods has been used:  
a) Polymerase chain reaction :  
i) samples taken from up to five seedlings of the same species growing  in PEQ  can be 
combined to form a single composite sample fo r pre-determined testing by polymerase chain 
reaction (PCR).  
b)  Enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay : 
i) for viruses that are not pollen transmitted, sam ples taken from up to five seedlings can be 
combined to form a single composite sample for enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay 
(ELISA ) testing;  
ii) the phytosanitary certificate must be endorsed with an additional declaration (AD)  stating  that 
the seeds have been derived from the same p arent p lant. 
c)  Graft (woody) indexing:  
i) where prior permission is received from MPI, samples taken from up to five seedlings can be 
combined to form a single composite sample for testing by graft indexing ; 
ii) the phytosanitary certificate must be endorsed with an AD  stating  that the seeds have bee n 
derived from the same p arent p lant. Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  11 of 139 
1.7 Seed for sowing of New Zealand origin  
(1) Seed for sowing exported from New Zealand, given clearance into the importing country or rejected 
prior to clearance, may be returned to New Zealand under one of the following circumstances:  
1.7.1  Seed for sowing unopened offshore:  
(1) Product in its original packaging is permiited entry into New Zealand, with a re -export phytosanitary 
certificate issued by the NPPO of the overseas country.  
1.7.2  Seed for sowing opened offshore:  
(1) Seed for sowi ng inspected offshore, and rejected for any reason, is permitted entry into New Zealand.  
(2) If seed is grown in New Zealand, sent to another country, packaged in that same country and returned 
to New Zealand, the importer must provide the following:  
a) accompa nied with the original or a copy of the New Zealand issued phytosanitary certificate,  
b) an export bill of lading; and  
c)  a declaration from the overseas packaging company manager; stating that:  
i) the re exported seed is the same seed as covered by the attached  phytosanitary certificate 
and bill of lading; and  
ii) the quality system used by the company ensures that the seed is not contaminated by any 
other seed lots, residues from grading or packaging machines, or storage pests.  
Guidance  
 Inspection is required by an MPI inspector to confirm the packaging and labelling is consistent with 
the documentation provided.  
 
1.8 Biosecurity clearance  
(1) A biosecurity clearance, under section 26 of the Act, may be given when seed for sowing meets the 
requirements of this IHS.  
Guidance  
 On arrival in New Zealand, each line of seed will undergo inspection to verify that the seed and 
associated documentation is compliant with the requirements of this IHS. A 5 kilogram sample will be 
inspected from each line (or the whole line if le ss than 5kg). For hermetically sealed and pelleted 
seed, a random sample will be inspected from each line.  
1.9 Seed for sowing imported as laboratory specimens  
1.9.1 Species of Seed listed as ‘Basic’ in the Plants Biosecurity Index  
(1) A permit to import is not requir ed for seed intended for laboratory testing, analysis or research that is 
listed with a Seed for Sowing import specification of ‘Basic’ in the Plants Biosecurity Index.  
(2) All seed must be clearly identified with its scientific name (genus and species) and s hould be 
accompanied by a statement stating that ‘the seed is being imported for research purposes ’. 
Packaging associated with seed must be clean and free from soil and other contaminants.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  12 of 139 
1.9.2 All Other Species of Seed  
(1) Species of seed for sowing listed in the  Plants Biosecurity Index as “see 155.02.05 under ……” that do 
not meet the requirements of the specific schedule within this IHS, may be imported as laboratory 
specimens for research purposes on a case by case basis.  
(2) A request to import must be submitted in the form of a permit to import application. Information must be 
supplied by the importer to identify how the seed for sowing will be maintained in an MPI -approved 
transitional or containment facility (which will be identified on the import permit).  
(3) Seed for sowing imported as laboratory specimens, and any material derived from the imported seed 
will not be eligible for biosecurity clearance.   
(4) Any biosecurity requirements will be identified on the import permit.   
1.9.3 Genetically Modified Seeds  
(1) All Genetically Modified seeds listed under the PBI as “Basic” or as “see 155.02.05 under ……” 
imported as laboratory specimens can only be imported into New Zealand with an approval under the 
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996 from the Envi ronmental Protection 
Authority (EPA) and a permit for import issued by MPI.  
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  13 of 139 
Part 2:  Specific Requirements  
(1) This part sets out the specific phytosanitary requirements that must be met in addition to Part 1: 
General Requirements , for the following seeds:  
Abies  
Acer 
Acrocomia  
Actinidia  
Agropyron  
Agrostis  
Arabidopsis thaliana  
Avena spp.  
Beta 
Brassica napus  
Camellia sinensis  
Camissonia  
Cannabis sativa  
Capsicum  
Carpinus  
Carthamus tinctorius  
Carya  
Castanea  
Cicer  
Citrus  
Cocos  
Coffea  
Coriandrum  
Corylus  
Corypha  
Cucurbitaceae  
Cuminum  Desmodium  
Echin ochloa  
Elaeis  
Eriobotrya  
Fagus  
Fragaria  
Glycine  
Gossypium  
Helianthus  
Hordeum  
Humulus  
Juglans  
Lablab  
Lavandula  
Lens  
Linum usitatissimum  
Lithocarpus densiflorus  
Livistona  
Lophoraphora williamsi  
Lotus  
Macadamia  
Malus  
Mangifera  
Medicago  
Nicotiana tabacum  
Oxyria  
Panicum  Papaver somniferum  
Persea  
Phaseolus  
Phoenix  
Pinus  
Pisum  
Populus  
Prunus  
Pseudotsuga menziesii  
Psophocarpus  
Pyrus  
Quercus  
Ribes  
Rubus  
Sesamum  
Solanum  
Solanum lycopersicum  
Solanum tuberosum  
Sorghum  
Stenotaphrum  
Trigonella foenum -graecum  
Triticum  
Ulmus  
Vaccinium  
Vicia  
Vigna  
Vitis 
Zea mays  
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  14 of 139 
2.1 Abies  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed for Sowing as “see 155.02.05 under Abies ” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests : Verticillium albo -atrum  [strain]  
Import Permit : Not Requi red  
2.1.1 Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatmen ts applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section.  
2.1.2 Approved treatment  
(1) The Abies  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
i) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
ii) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.   
  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  15 of 139 
2.2 Acer  
The following requirem ents only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed for Sowing as “see 155.02.05 under Acer” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests : None  
Import permit : Required  
2.2.1 Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfectio n treatment section.  
2.2.2 Approved treatment  
(1) The Acer seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicide:  
i) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
ii) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.   
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  16 of 139 
2.3 Acrocomia  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed for Sowing as “see 155.02.05 under Acrocomia ” 
Countries :  All countries except Guam, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands  
Quarant ine pests :  Coconut cadang -cadang viroid  
Import permit : Not Required  
Guidance  
 Seed covered in a fleshy pericarp will not be permitted entry into New Zealand.  
2.3.1 Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Pa rt 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Acrocomia  seeds have been produced in an approved country and have not been produced 
in Guam, the Philippines or the Solomon Islands”.  
AND  
b) “The Acrocomia  seeds have been sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Coconut cadang -
cadang viroid ”. 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  17 of 139 
2.4 Actinidia  
The follo wing requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed for Sowing as “see 155.02.05 under Actinidia .” 
Countries:   All 
Quarantine pests : Apple stem grooving virus  [Actinidia  infecting strain]  
Import permit : Required  
PEQ:  level 3  
Minimum period:  six months  
2.4.1 Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part  1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
2.4.2 Testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acceptable detection methods ( listed  below)  
Apple stem grooving virus  [Actinida  
infecting strain]*  ELISA (Bioreba or Loewa) or PCR (Clover et al., 2003) 
and herbaceous indicators Cq, Nb, Ng, No and Pv.  
 
(1) Indicator hosts: Chenopodium quinoa  (Cq), and Nicotiana benthamiana  (Nb), N. occidentalis  cv. 37B 
(No), N. glutinosa  (Ng) and Phaseolus vulgaris  cv. Prince (Pv). At least two plants of each indicator 
species must be used in mechanical inoculation tests . 
(2) Indicator plants must be grown under appropriate temperatures and must be shaded for 12 -24 hrs prior 
to inoculation. Maintain post -inoculated indicator species under appropriate glasshouse conditions for 
at least 4 weeks. Inspect inocula ted indicator plants at least twice per week for symptoms of virus 
infection . 
(3) Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . 
(4) Testing must be carried out on Actinidia plants while they are in active growth. For bioassay and 
ELIS A, plants shall be sampled from at least two positions on every stem including a young, fully 
expanded leaflet at the top of the stem and an older leaflet from a midway position . 
(5) PCR and ELISA need to be validated using positive controls/reference material  prior to use in 
quarantine testing . 
(6) Positive and negative controls must be used in ELISA tests . 
(7) For ELISA tests, the unit for testing is an individual seedling because of the presence of pollen 
transmitted viruses for which pre -determined testing is requi red (denoted by ‘*’ in the table above) .  
(8) Positive and negative controls (including a blank water control) must be used in PCR.  Ideally positive 
internal controls and a negative plant control should be used. Internal controls in PCR tests are 
important to  avoid the risk of false negatives . 
(9) Actinidia  plants in a PEQ facility must be inspected for signs of pest and disease at least twice per 
week during periods of active growth and once per week during dormancy . 
 
Guidance  
 With prior notification, MPI will accept other internationally recognised testing methods.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  18 of 139 
2.5 Agropyron  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed for Sowing as “see 155.02.05 under Agropyron .”  
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests:  Tilletia controversa , other Ustilaginales, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit : Not Required  
2.5.1 Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to t he phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Agropyron seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Tilletia controversa”;  
OR 
ii) “sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according to 
appropriate procedures and no Tilletia con troversa  was detected”;  
OR 
iii) “had an representative sample of 600 seeds officially drawn in which no spores of Tilletia 
controversa  were found”.  
2.5.2 Approved Treatments   
(1) The Agropyron  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations:  
i) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed;  
ii) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
iii) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Triadimenol at 220mg a.i. per kg seed;  
iv) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and  Flutriafol at 80mg a.i. per kg seed.  
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  19 of 139 
2.6 Agrostis  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity listed under Import Specifications for 
Seed for Sowing as “see 155.02.05 under Agrostis .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pest s: Trogoderma  spp., Ustilaginales  
Import permit : Not Required  
2.6.1 Phytosanitary requirements  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting co untry NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section.  
2.6.2 Approved treatments   
(1) The Agrostis  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations:  
i) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. pe r kg seed and Thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed;  
ii) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
iii) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Triadimenol at 220mg a.i. per kg seed;  
iv) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Flutriafol at 80mg a.i.  per kg seed.  
 
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  20 of 139 
2.7 Arabidopsis thaliana  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Arabidopsis thaliana .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests : None  
Phytosanitary C ertificate : Not Required  
Import permit:  See below  
2.7.1 GM seed  
(1) A permit to import is required.  
(2) All GM seed must also be imported in accordance with a HSNO approval.  
2.7.2 Non-GM seed  
(1) A declaration signed by the exporter and importer must accompany t he consignment declaring that the 
consignment does not contain GM seeds . 
(2) The declaration form is provided in A ppendix 3.  
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  21 of 139 
2.8 Avena  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under import 
specifications for Seed as  “see 155.02.05 under Avena ”. 
Countries : Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, 
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, 
Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States of America.  
Quarantine Pests : Refer to pest list for Avena  
Import permit :  Not Required  
2.8.1 Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation  and/or disinfection treatment section (if 
applicable), and by providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Avena  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Xanthomonas campestris  pv. undulosa and High 
plains virus;   
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Xanthomonas campestris  pv. 
undulosa  and High plains virus” . 
AND  
b) “The Avena  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Anguina tritici”;   
OR 
ii) “sourced from a ‘pes t free place of production’ free from Anguina tritici’;  
OR 
iii) “inspected microscopically in accordance with official procedures and Anguina tritici  was 
not detected”.  
AND  
c) “The Avena  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Cephalosporium gra mineum”;  
OR 
ii) “treated with a fungicide combination in MPI approved treatments (refer to Part 2.8.2)”.  
2.8.2 Approved treatments  
(1) The Avena  seeds for sowing must be treated with one of the following fungicide combination:  
i) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg of seed and Thiram at 0.8g a.i. per k.g of seed;  
ii) Flutriafol at 0.05g a.i. per kg of seed and Imazalil at 0.05g a.i. per kg of seed;  
iii) Triadimenol at 0.375g a.i. per kg of seed and Fuberidazole 0.15g a.i per kg of seed;  
iv) Triadimenol at 0.23g a.i. per kg of seed, Imazalil 0.075g per kg of seed and Fuberidazole 
0.15g a.i. per kg of seed;  
v) Tebuconazole at 0.025g a.i. per kg of seed and Imazalil at 0.05g a.i. per kg of seed.  
(2) As required, MPI may evaluate other treatments and if effective, will approve these treatments and add 
them to this schedule.   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  22 of 139 
2.9 Beta  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Beta.” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests : Clavibacter michiganensis  subsp. sepedonicus . 
Import permit : Not Required  
2.9.1 Phytosanitary certificate - Additional Declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the expor ting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Beta seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Clavibacter michiganensis  subsp. sepedonicus;  
OR 
ii) Clavibacter michi ganensis  subsp. sepedonicus  was not detected in a representative 
sample of 3200 seeds drawn from this consignment.   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  23 of 139 
2.10 Brassica napus  
These requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import Specifications for 
Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Brassica napus ”. 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests:  None  
Import permit : Permit not required, unless seeds are to be grown in PEQ.  
2.10.1   Phytosanitary requirements  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
2.10.2   GM seed testing  
(1)  In addition to the phytosanitary re quirements above, all consignments of Brassica napus  var. oleifera  
(oilseed rape) are required to be representatively sampled, tested, and found to be free of unapproved 
GM seed according to the Protocol (refer to Part 1.5.4 Genetically Modified Testing Ce rtificate ).  
(2) The full scientific name of the Brassica napus sub-species or variety , plus the appropriate common 
name , must be specified on the phytosanitary certificiate, e.g. Brassica napus var. biennis (forage 
rape) or Brassica napus var. oleifera (oilse ed rape).  
(3) Importers of consignments of Brassica napus that are not identified appropriately will be offered the 
options of re -shipment, destruction or testing for the presence of unapproved GM seeds . 
 
Guidance  
 Validation of Brassica napus  varieties - MPI reserves the right to undertake validation audits to 
confirm that the variety matches that which is stated on the phytosanitary certificate. Audits may be 
conducted on a random basis and if required, grow out testing of samples will be conducted at an MPI 
accredited facility at the expense of the importer.  
  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  24 of 139 
2.11  Camellia sinensis  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Camellia sinensis ”. 
Countries: All 
Quarantine pests:  Exobasidium vexans, Phloem necrosis  
Import permit :  Required  
PEQ:  Level 1  
Minimum Period: 1 growing season  
Isolation: 50m exclusion area  
2.11.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and  by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Camellia sinensis  seeds have been sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Exobasidium 
vexans  and Phloem necrosis ”.  
2.11.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Camellia sinensis  seeds  must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
i) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
ii) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.  
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  25 of 139 
2.12 Camissonia  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed a s “see 155.02.05 under Camissonia ”. 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine p ests: Peronospora arthurii  
Import permit: Not Required  
2.12.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation  and/or disinfection treatment section.  
2.12.2   Approved treatments   
(1) The Camissonia  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
i) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed; or  
ii) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  26 of 139 
2.13 Cannabis sativa  
The following requirements only a pply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Cannabis sativa ”. 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Refer to pest list for Cannabis sativa  
Import permit: Not Required 
Guidance  
 Importers of Cannabis sativa  (low THC hemp seed) must contact the Ministry of Health prior to 
importation for advice on licensing:  
Ministry of Health  
PO Box 5013  
Wellington  
Attention: Advisor, Controlled Drug Licensing  
Telephone: 04 496 2018  
2.13.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by  
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section (if 
applicable), and by providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Cannabis sativa  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated bacteria ( Pseudomonas 
syringae  pv. cannabina  and Xanthomonas campestris  pv. cannabis )”;  
OR 
ii) “sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from the named regulated bacteria 
(Pseudomonas syringae  pv. cann abina  and Xanthomonas campestris  pv. cannabis )”; 
OR 
iii) “treated with hot water treatment in MPI approved treatments (refer to Part 2.13.2)”;  
AND  
b) “The Cannabis sativa  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated fungi ( Leptos phaeria  
woroninii, Septoria cannabis  and Curvularia cymbopogonis )”; 
OR 
ii) “treated with an approved fungicide combination in MPI approved treatments (refer to Part 
2.13.2)”.  
AND  
c) “The Cannabis sativa  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a  ‘pest free area’ free from  the named regulated viruses ( Hemp mosaic virus  
and Hemp streak virus )”; 
OR 
ii) “sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from the named regulated viruses 
(Hemp mosaic virus  and Hemp streak virus )”. Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  27 of 139 
2.13.2   Approved testing and treatments for Cannabis sati va 
(1) The Cannabis sativa  seeds must be treated using a hot water dip (for bacteria and parasitic weed) 
prior to shipment , for the eradication of bacterial organisms ( Pseudomonas syringae  pv. cannabina 
and Xanthomonas campestris  pv. cannabis );  
a) hot water trea tment must be conducted either at 50˚C for 30 minutes or at 60˚C for 10 minutes.  
(2) The Cannabis sativa  seeds must be treated (in lieu of pest free area) with the active ingredients in one 
of the following combinations:  
a) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
c) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Triadimenol at 220mg a.i. per kg seed;  
d) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Flutriafol at 80mg a.i. per kg seed.  
 
Guidance  
 The hot water treatment that would be carried out in New Zealand as an alternative to the same 
treatment prior to shipment, cannot be permitted as no MPI - approved facility is currently available in 
New Zealand.  
 As required, MPI may evaluate other treatments and if effective, will approve these treatments and 
add them to this schedule.  
Reference s: 
 Hemp Diseases and Pests: Management and Biological Control. J. M. McPartland, R. C. Clarke and 
D. P. Watson 2000. CAB International.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  28 of 139 
2.14 Capsicum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Capsicum ”. 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests:  Pepper chat fruit viroid; Potato spindle tuber viroid  
2.14.1   Phytosani tary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing th e following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
“The [Capsicum annuum; C. baccatum; C. cardenasii; C. chinense; C. eximium; C. frutescens; C. 
microcarpum; C. pendulum; C. pubescens ] seeds for sowing in this consignment have been:  
i)  inspected  in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of any 
visually detectable regulated pests. ” 
AND  
a) “The Capsicum seeds have been:  
  i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Potato spindle tuber viroid;  
 OR 
  ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Potato spindle tuber viroid”.  
 OR 
  iii) “The Capsicum seeds have been officially tested, on a representative sample and using 
appropriate methods, and found to be free from Potato spindle tuber viro id”.  
2.14.2   From the 7th April 2017, all phytosanitary certificates issue d on or after this date must  
meet the new requirements  for Pepper chat fruit viroid  and Potato spindle tuber viroid .  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import h ealth standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
“The [Capsicum annuum; C. baccatum; C. car denasii; C. chinense; C. eximium; C. frutescens; C. 
microcarpum; C. pendulum; C. pubescens ] seeds for sowing in this consignment have been:  
i)  inspected  in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of any 
visually detectable reg ulated pests. ” 
 
For Potato spindle tuber viroid  (PSTVd):  
a) “The seeds have been  
i) sourced from ( country name) where Potato spindle tuber viroid  is not known to occur.”  
OR 
ii)  sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’, where parent plants were tested according to a 
NPPO approved methodology and found free from Potato spindle tuber viroid ” 
OR Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  29 of 139 
iii) have been officially tested, on a representative sample of a minimum of 3000 s eeds officially 
drawn according to the ISTA or AOSA sampling methodology using an approved PCR NPPO 
testing method, and found to be free from Potato spindle tuber viroid ” 
AND  
b) For Pepper chat fruit viroid  (PCFVd):   
“The seeds have been  
i)   sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Pepper chat fruit viroid ” 
OR 
  ii) Pepper chat fruit viroid  (PCFVd)  is absent/not known to occur in ____________(name of 
country)  
OR 
ii)  sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Pepper chat fruit viroid ” 
OR 
iii)  have been officially tested, on a representative sample of a minimum of 3000 seeds officially 
drawn according to the ISTA or AOSA sampling methodology using an approved PCR NPPO 
testing method, and found to be free from Pepper chat fruit viroid ” 
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  30 of 139 
2.15 Carpinus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Carpinus ”. 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests:  Cladosporium caryigenum  
Import  permit : Required  
2.15.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Carpinus seeds have been sourced from an area where Cladosporium caryg enum  is not 
known to occur”.  
2.15.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Carpinus  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed; or  
b) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  31 of 139 
2.16 Carthamus tinctorius  
The following requirements only apply to s pecies in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Carthamus tinctorius ”. 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests:  Alternaria carthami, Cercospora carthami, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.16.1   Phytosa nitary certificate  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied i n the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section.   
2.16.2   Approved treatment  
(1) The Carthamus tinctorius  seeds for sowing must be treated with Iprodione at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  32 of 139 
2.17 Carya  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Carya ”. 
Countries:  Australia, USA  
Quarantine pests: Cladosporium caryigenum,  Conotrachelus  spp., Curculiocar yae, Cydia caryana , 
Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit:  Not Required  
2.17.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have be en undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section (if 
applicable), and by providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certifi cate:  
a) “The Carya seed or nuts have been:  
i) sourced from an area where they are not known to be attacked by Conotrachelus  spp., 
Curculio caryae  or Cydia caryana;   
OR 
ii) fumigated with methyl bromide at ______ pressure for ____ hours at _____ g/m³ at a 
temperatu re of _____C”;  
 
iii) the pressure/time/rate temperature combination used is to be in accordance with the 
following scale:  
Temperature  Rate (g/m³)  Time ( hours ) Pressure  
 
15-21°C  32 12 Atmospheric  
21°C or above  16 12 Atmospheric  
15-21°C  48 1.5 91 kpa vacuum  
21°C or above  48 1.0 91 kpa vacuum  
AND  
b) “The Carya seeds or nuts have been sourced from an area where Cladosporium caryigenum  is 
not known to occur”.  
2.17.2   Approved Treatments  
(1) The Carya  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.    Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  33 of 139 
2.18  Castanea  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Castanea ”. 
Countries:  All 
Quarant ine pests: Ceratocystis fagacearum; Cryphonectria parasitica ; Curculio spp.;  Cyrtepistomus 
castaneus  
Import permit : Required  
PEQ:  Level 3  
Minimum Period : 2 years  
Isolation : 50m 
2.18.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Castanea seeds have been:  
i) sourced from trees that have been officially inspected and found to be free of diseases 
caused by Cryphonectria  spp; 
OR 
ii) sourced from an area  where Cryphonectria parasitica  is known not to occur”.  
2.18.2    Inspection and testing requirements  
 
Organism  
 MPI acceptable detection methods  
Ceratocystis fagacearum  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom expression  
Cryphonectria parasitica  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom expression  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  34 of 139 
2.19 Cicer  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Cicer .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests:  Ascochyta rabiei, Megaselia arietina, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit : Not Required  
2.19.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must con firm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Cicer  seeds have been:  
i)  sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Ascochyta rabiei ; 
OR 
ii) sourced from a  ‘pest free place of production’ free from Ascochyta r abiei” . 
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  35 of 139 
2.20 Citrus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Citrus .” 
Countries:  Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greec e, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, 
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States 
of America.  
Quarantine pests: Xanthomonas campestris  pv. citri, ‘ Candidatus  Liberibacter africanus ’, ‘Candidatus 
Liberibacter asiaticus ’, ‘Candidatus  Liberibacter americanus ’. 
Import permit : Not Required  
2.20.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declarations to the  phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Citrus  seeds have been sourced from an area where Xanthomonas campestris  pv. citri is 
not known to occur”;  
AND  
b) “The Citrus seeds have been sourced from an area where ‘ Candidatus ’ Liberibacter s pp. is not 
known to occur”.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  36 of 139 
2.21 Cocos   
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Cocos .” 
Countries:  All countries except Guam, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands  
Quarantin e pests: Coconut cadang -cadang viroid  
Import permit: Not Required  
Guidance  
 Seed covered in a fleshy pericarp will not be permitted entry into New Zealand.  
 
2.21.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Cocos  seed s have been produced in an approved country and have not been produced in 
Guam, the Philippines  or the Solomon Islands”  
AND  
b) “The Cocos  seeds have been produced in a ‘pest free area’ free from Coconut cadang -cadang 
viroid ”. 
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  37 of 139 
2.22 Coffea  
The following requir ements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Coffea ”. 
Countries:  Australia, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Samoa, Tonga  
Quarantine pests: Stephanoderes hampei  
Import permit:  Not Requ ired 
2.22.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section.  
2.22.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Coffea  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  38 of 139 
2.23 Coriandrum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Coriandrum .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Ramularia coriandri, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.23.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confi rm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Coriandrum seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area ’, free from  Ramularia coriandri;  
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Ramularia coriandri .” 
2.23.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Coriandrum seeds for sowing must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Benomyl at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Carbendazim at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed;  
c) Thiophanate methyl at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  39 of 139 
2.24 Corylus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Corylus.”  
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Cydia latiferreana, Curculio nucum   
Import permit: Not Required  
2.24.1   Phytosanitary requirements  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part  1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
(2) All Corylus  seeds imported into New Zealand must have their shells removed to permit inspection, 
prior to entry.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  40 of 139 
2.25 Corypha  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plan t Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Corypha .” 
Countries:  All countries except Guam, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands  
Quarantine pests:  Coconut cadang -cadang viroid . 
Import permit: Not Required  
Guid ance  
 Seed covered in a fleshy pericarp will not be permitted entry into New Zealand.  
2.25.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipm ent activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Corypha  seeds have been produced in an approved country and have not been produced in 
Guam, the Philippines or the Solomon Islands”.  
AND  
b) “The Corypha  seeds have been produced in a’pest free area’ free from Coconut cadang -cadang 
viroid” . 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  41 of 139 
2.26 Cucurbitaceae  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Cucurbitaceae” .  
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus  (CGMMV) ; Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus  
(KGMMV)   
Import Permit:  Not required  
2.26.1 Phytosanitary certificate – Additional declarations  
(1) The required Additional declarations must be endorsed in full on the phytosanitary certificate, no 
variations in the wording will be accepted by MPI, with exce ption of translation artifacts.  
(2) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) The [ Benincasa hispida; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis anguria; Cucumis melo; Cucumis 
metulliferus; Cucumis myriocarpus; Cucurbita ficifolia; Cucurbita maxima; Cucurbita mixta 
Cucurbita moschata; Cucurbita pepo; Cucumis sativus; Lagenaria siceraria; Luffa acutangula; 
Luffa cylindrical; Luffa aegyptiaca; Momordica charantia; Portulaca oleraceae ] seeds for sowing 
in this consignment have been:  
i) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of any 
visual ly detectable regulated pests.  
AND  
b) For Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus  (CGMMV):  
i) sourced from a Pest free area, free from the named regulated virus Cucumber green 
mottle mosaic virus;  
OR  
ii) Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus  (CGMMV) is absent/not known to occur i n 
____________(name of country)  
OR 
iii) sourced from mother plants that w ere sampled according to a NPPO approved 
methodology and tested using a NPPO approved ELISA or a NPPO approved PCR 
method, during the active growing period and found free from Cucumber green mottle 
mosaic virus . 
OR 
iv) sourced from a seed lot officially sampled according to ISTA or AOSA methodology, and 
tested using the ISTA validated ELISA or a NPPO approved PCR method and found free 
from Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus.  
 AND  
c) For Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus  (KGMMV):  
i) sourced fr om a “Pest free area”, free from Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus ;  
OR  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  42 of 139 
ii) Kyuri  green mottle mosaic virus  (KGMMV) is absent/not known to occur in 
____________(name of country)  
OR  
iii) sourced from a “Pest Free Place of Production”, free from Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus ;  
OR  
iv) sourced from a s eed lot officially sampled according to ISTA or AOSA metho dology, and 
tested using a NPPO approved serological (ELISA) or molecular (PCR) method and found 
free from Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus . 
 
Guidance  
 Phytosanitary  certificates endorsed with the previous additional declaration issued on or prior to the 
date of the issuance of this IHS will still be accepted until the 30 th June 2017. However, the seed lot 
will be required to be tested for KGMMV  on arrival in New Zeal and by an MPI -approved testing 
laboratory.  
 Previous additional declaration:  
a) “The [cucurbitaceae species  name ] seeds for sowing in this consignment have been:  
i) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any visually detectable regulated pests;  
   AND  
ii) tested using the International Seed Test Association (ISTA) validated ELISA method 
and found to be free of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus  (CGMMV)”.  
2.26.2 Testing Requirements  
(1) Testing is required to be completed offs hore prior to expor t, or on arrival in New Zealand . 
(2) Pre-export testing for each seed lot must be endorsed by the NPPO on the phytosanitary certificate, or 
if tested on arrival in New Zealand, must be completed by an MPI -approved testing laboratory.  
(3) For seed lots of 10,000 or more seeds:  
a) A representative sample of a minimum of 2000 seeds, officially drawn according to ISTA or 
AOSA methodology is required from each seed lot and tested as specified in the schedule;  
(4) For seed lots with less than 10,000 seeds:  
a) A composite sample of a minimum of 2000 seeds must be officially drawn across all seed lots of 
the same seed species in a consignment, which must have been produced at the same place of 
production  or production site.  
(5) In order to achieve a composite  sample, proportionate sampling is to be carried out across all l ots 
imported. A sample of seeds must be drawn from each imported lot within a consignment , adding up to 
2000 seeds . The size of the sample from each l ot must be proportionate to the size of t he imported lot  
within  the consignment.  
 
Guidance  
 The sample size from each lot should be calculated as follows:  
a) The proportion of each lot in the total consignment (seed number) is calculated using the 
following equation:  
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛  𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙  𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡  𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 = 𝑁𝑜.  𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑠  𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐 ℎ 𝑙𝑜𝑡
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙  𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟  𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑠  𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  43 of 139 
b) Calculate the sample size for each lot (number of seeds) using a total comp osite sample size 
of 2000 seeds:  
𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒= 2000 seeds  𝑥 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒  
c) Take the sum of the sample size for each lot to check the total composite sample for the 
cons ignment is at least 2000 seeds.  … 
2.26.3 Cucurbita pepo  
(1) Different varieties of Yellow Straightneck, Yellow Crookneck squash and Green Zucchini seeds have 
been genetically modified. The following varieties are prohibited entry to New Zealand without HSNO 
approval:   
a) Cucurbita pepo event ZW20;  
b) Cucurbita pepo event CZW3;  
c) Yellow Crookneck squash variety “Revenue”; “Tigress”; “Destiny III”; Prelude II;  
d) Yellow Straightneck squash variety “XPT1832 III”; “Conqueror III”; “Patriot II”; “Liberator III”;  
e) Green Zucchini variety “SV6009YG”; “Judgement III”; “Justice III”; “Declaration II”; “Independence 
II”.  
(2) Cucurbita pepo  importers are required to comply with one of the two options listed below:  
 
Option 1:  
a) a declaration signed by the exporter and importer  must accompany the consignment declaring 
that the consignment does not contain GM seeds (the declaration form template is provided in 
Appendix 3).  
Option 2:  
b) a representative sample from each seed lot of Cucurbita pepo  must be sampled, tested, and 
found to be free of unapproved GM seed according to the Protocol (refer to section 1.5. 4 
Genetically Modified Testing Certificate ). More information can also be found at 
https://www.mpi.govt.nz/importing/plants/seeds -for-sowing/genetically -modified -seeds/  
 
Guidance  
 The Protocol for testing for the presence of genetically modified plant material can be found at 
http://www.mpi.govt.nz/document -vault/10250  
 References:  
a) Ling et al., 2014. First report of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infecting greenhouse 
cucumber in Canada . Plant Disease 98 (5): 701 -2.  
b) Reingold et al., 2013. First report of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) 
symptoms in watermelon used for the discrimination of non -marketable fruits in Israeli 
commercial field s. New Disease Reports 28, 11.  
c) ISTA http:// www.seedtest.org/upload/cms/user/SH -07-026-2014.pdf  
d) Daryono, B. S., Somowiyarjo, S., Natsuaki, K. T. 2005. Biological and Molecular 
Characterization of Melon -Infecting Kyuri Green Mottle Mosaic virus in Indonesia. Journal of 
Phytopathology 153, 588 -595. 
e) Daryono, B.S., Somowiyarjo, S. and Natsuaki, K.T. 2006. Biological characterization and 
complete nucleotide sequence of coat protein of Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus isolated from 
angled loofah in Indonesia. Jour. Agri. Sci. Tokyo Univ. of Agric. 51 (1), 4 2-52. (Printed in 
English)  
f) Daryono, B. S. and Natsuaki, K.T. 2012. Application of Multiplex RT -PCR for Detection of 
Cucurbit -infecting Tobamovirus. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8 (1): 46 -56. Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  44 of 139 
g) Hongyun, C., Wendjun, Z., Qinsheng, G. and Shuifang, Z. 2008. Real time TaqMan RT -PCR 
assay for the detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. Journal of Virological 
Methods , 149 (2): 326 -9. 
h) Kwon, J. Y., Hong, J. S., Kim, M. J., Choi, S. H., Byeong, E. M., Song, E. G., Kim, H. H., Ryu, 
K. H. 2014. Simu ltaneous multiplex PCR detection of seven cucurbit infecting viruses. Journal 
of Virological Methods 206, 133 -139 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  45 of 139 
2.27 Cuminum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see  155.02.05 under Cuminum .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Alternaria burnsii   
Import permit: Not Required  
2.27.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declara tion to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Cuminum seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’, free from Alternaria burnsii;   
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’, free from Alternaria burnsii”.   
2.27.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Cuminum  seeds m ust be treated with Iprodione at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  46 of 139 
2.28 Desmodium  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Desmodium .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Desmodium mosaic virus, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.28.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activitie s have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Desmodium  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from an area where Desmodium mosaic virus  is not known to occur ;  
OR 
ii) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according to 
appropriate procedures and no Desmodium mosaic virus  was detected”.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  47 of 139 
2.29 Echinochloa  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Echinochloa .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Sclerospora graminicola, Trogoderma  spp., Ustilaginales  
Impor t permit: Not Required  
2.29.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Echinochloa seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pes t free area’, free from  Sclerospora graminicola;  
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’, free from  Sclerospora graminicola”.  
2.29.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Echinochloa  seeds for sowing must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
c) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Triadimenol at 220mg a.i. per kg seed;  
d) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Flutriafol at 80mg a.i. per kg seed.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  48 of 139 
2.30 Elaeis  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Elaeis .” 
Countries : All countries except Guam, the Philippines and the So lomon Islands  
Quarantine pests: Coconut cadang -cadang viroid  
Import permit: Not Required  
Guidance  
 Seed covered in a fleshy pericarp will not be permitted entry into New Zealand.  
2.30.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfectio n treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Elaeis  seeds have been produced in an approved country and have not been produced in 
Guam, the Philippines or the Solomon Islands”.  
AND  
b) “The Elaeis  seeds have been produced in a ‘pest free area’ free from Coconut cadang -cadang 
viroid” . 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  49 of 139 
2.31 Eriobotrya  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under  Eriobotrya .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Pseudomonas syringae  pv. eriobotryae  
Import permit : Required  
Importers are required to comply wiuth one of the two options listed below:  
Option 1: Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
a) In addition  to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that 
the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this 
by recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or dis infection treatment section, 
and by providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “the Eriobotrya  seeds have been sourced from an area where Pseudomonas syringae  pv. 
eriobotryae is not known to occur”.  
Option 2:  
a) PEQ: Level 3  
b) Minimum Period: 2 growing seasons  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  50 of 139 
2.32 Fagus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Fagus .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Tortricidae  
Import permit: Not Required  
2.32.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section.  
2.32.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Fagus  seed must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  51 of 139 
2.33 Fragaria  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Fragaria. ” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Refer to “Pest List for Fragaria .” 
Import permit : Required  
PEQ : Level 3  
Minimum Period : 6 months  
2.33.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by pro viding the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
2.33.2   Inspection and testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acceptable detection methods  (listed below)  
Fragaria chiloensis latent virus  Herbaceous indexing with Cq  
Raspberry rings pot virus*  ELISA or PCR and herbaceous indexing with Cq  
Strawberry latent ringspot virus*  ELISA or PCR and herbaceous indexing with Cq  
Tobacco streak virus*  ELISA or PCR and herbaceous indexing with Cq  
Tomato ringspot virus*  ELISA or PCR and herbaceous  indexing with Cq  
  Cq – Chenopodium quinoa  
 
(1) Tests are to be carried out on plants germinated from the imported seeds.  
(2) Testing must be carried out on plants while they are in active growth.  
(3) Indicator plants must be grown under appropriate temperatures.  
(4) Indicator plants must be shaded for 12 -24 hrs prior to inoculation.  
(5) Post-inoculated indicator plants must be maintained under appropriate glasshouse conditions for at 
least 4 weeks.  
(6) Post-inoculated indicator plants must be inspected at least twice per week  for signs of virus infection 
with observations being recorded on a weekly basis.  
(7) For ELISA tests, the unit for testing is an individual seedling because of the presence of pollen 
transmitted viruses for which pre -determined testing is required (denoted by  ‘*’ in the table above).  
(8) PCR and ELISA need to be validated using positive controls/reference material prior to use in 
quarantine testing.  
(9) Positive, negative, and buffer controls must be used in ELISA tests.  
(10) Positive controls must be used in PCR.  
(11) Fragaria  plants in a PEQ facility must be inspected for signs of pest and disease  at least once per 
week.  
 
Guidance  
Other internationally recognised testing methods may be accepted by MPI with prior notification.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  52 of 139 
References :  
 Converse, R.H., ed. 1987. Vir us Diseases of Small Fruits. USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 631, 277 
pp. 
 Diekmann M, Frison EA and Putter T. FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Small 
Fruit Germplasm, www.ipgri.cgiar.org/Publications/pdf/249.pdf.  
 Hanada, K. and Harriso n, BD. (1977). Effects of virus genotype and temperature on seed transmission 
of nepoviruses. Ann. appl. Biol. 85: 79 -92. 
 ICTVdB: The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB   
 Johnson, H.A., Converse, R.H., Amorao A.,  Espejo J., Frazier N.W. (1984) Seed Transmission of 
Tobacco streak virus in Strawberry. Plant Disease 68: 390 -391. 
 Lister R.M. (1960) Transmission of soil -borne viruses through seed. Virology. 10: 4, 547 -549. 
 Lister, R.M., Murant A.F., (1967) Seed transmi ssion of nematode -borne viruses. Ann. appl. Biol. 59: 49 -
62. 
 Lister, R.M., Murant A.F. (1967) Seed -transmission in the ecology of nematode -borne viruses. Ann. 
appl. Biol. 59: 63 -76. 
 MPI Post -Entry Quarantine Testing Manual Fragaria.  
 Murant A.F. (1983) Seed  and Pollen Transmission of nematode -borne viruses. Seed Science and 
Technology, 11:973 -987. 
 Spiegel, S., Martin, R.R., Leggett, F., ter Borg, M. and Postman, J. (1993) Characterization and 
geographical distribution of a new ilarvirus from Fragaria chiloensis. Phytopathology 83: 991 -995. 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  53 of 139 
2.34  Glycine  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Glycine .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Peronospora manshurica, Trogoderma  spp. 
Permit to import : Permit not required, unless seeds are to be grown in PEQ  
2.34.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied t hat the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to th e phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Glycine  seeds have been:  
i) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of any 
visually detectable regulated pests, including Trogoderma  spp”.  
AND  
b) “The Glycine  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Peronospora manshurica;   
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Peronospora manshurica”.  
AND  
c) “The Glycine  seeds have been treated against Peronospora manshurica  using one of the 
following fungicide combinations:  
i) Metalaxyl at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed and captan at 0.7 g a.i. per kg seed; OR  
ii) Metalaxyl at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed and thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed”.  
(2) With prior approval, MPI may evaluate other treatments and if effective will approve these treatments 
and add them to this schedule.  
2.34.2   GM seed testing  
(1) In addition to the phytosanitary requirements above, all consigments of Glycine max  (soybean) are 
required to be representatively sampled, tested, and found to be free of unapproved GM seed 
according to the Protocol (refer to Part 1.5.4: Genetically Modified Testing Certificate ). 
(2) Importers of consignments of Glycine max  that are not identified appropriately will be offered the 
options of re -shipment, destruction or testing for the presence of unapproved GM seeds . 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  54 of 139 
2.35 Gossypium  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Gossypium .” 
Countries:  Australia  
Quarantine pests: Anthonomus grandis, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit : Not Required  
2.35.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities h ave been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The seed has been cleaned and is completely free of lint”.  
2.35.2   GM seed testing  
(1) In addition to the phytosanitary requirements above, all consigments of Gossypium hirsutum  (cotton) 
are required to be representatively sampled, tested, and found to be free of unapproved GM seed 
according to the Protocol (refer to Part 1.5.4: Genetically Modified Testing Certificate ).  
(2) Importers of consignments of Gossypium hirsutum  that are not identified appropriately will be offered 
the options of re -shipment, destruction or testing for the presence of unapproved GM seeds .  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  55 of 139 
2.36  Helianthus  
The following r equirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Helianthus .” 
Countries:  Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, 
Hungary, Ire land, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United 
Kingdom, United States of America  
Quarantine pests: Alternaria helianthi, Neolasioptera helianthi (syn. Lasioptera murtfeldtiana) , Plasmopara 
halstedii, Septoria  helianthi, Sunflower mosaic virus , Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit : Not Required  
2.36.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment ac tivities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certifi cate:  
a) “The Helianthus  seeds have been sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the 
growing season according to appropriate procedures  and no Alternaria helianthi, Neolasioptera 
helianthi, Plasmopara halstedii, Septoria helianth i or Sunflower mosa ic virus  was detected ; 
                 OR 
b)  “The Helianthus  seeds have been sourced from an area where Alternaria helianthi, 
Neolasioptera helianthi, Plasmopara halstedii, Septoria helianthi and Sunflower mosaic virus  are 
not known to occur";  
                 OR 
c)  “The Helianthus  seeds have been sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the 
growing season according to appropriate procedures  and no Neolasioptera helianthi, Plasmopara 
halstedii or Sunflower mosaic virus was detected ; and  
i) have had 600 pure seeds drawn and tested i n accordance with the general directions for 
seed health testing in the current International Rules for Seed Testing and no evidence of 
contamination with Alternaria helianthi  or Septoria helianthi  was found".  
2.36.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Helianthus  seed must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Metalaxyl at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Metalaxyl at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed and Tthiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed.  
i)  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  56 of 139 
2.37 Hordeum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Hordeum .” 
Countries : Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,  
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, 
Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States of America  
Quarantine pests: Refer to “Pest List for Hordeum ” 
Import permit : Not Required  
2.37.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must con firm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) "The Hordeum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area ’ free from the named regulated bacteria ( Pseudomonas 
syringae  pv. striafaciens, Rathayibacter tritici, Xanthomonas campestris  pv. undulosa ) and 
virus ( High plains virus ); 
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from the named regulated bact eria 
(Pseudomonas syringae  pv. striafaciens, Rathayibacter tritici, Xanthomonas campestris  
pv. undulosa ) and virus ( High plains virus )"; 
AND  
b) "The Hordeum seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a “pest free area” free from the named regulated fungi ( Cephalosporium 
gramineum, Fusarium longipes )”; 
OR 
ii) “treated with one of the fungicide combinations in MPI approved treatments (refer to Part 
2.37.2)”;  
AND  
c) "The Hordeum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Tilletia controversa”;  
OR 
ii) “sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Tilletia controversa , and treated 
with one of the fungicide combinations in MPI approved treatments (refer to Part 2.37.2)”;  
OR  
iii) “had a representative sample of 600 seeds drawn from this consignmen t according to the 
International Seed Testing Association’s methodology and have been tested for Tilletia 
controversa , and treated with one of the fungicide combinations in MPI approved 
treatments (refer to Part 2.37.2).”  
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  57 of 139 
2.37.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Hordeum seed for sowing must be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations:  
a) Carboxin at 0.8 g a.i. per kg of seed and Thiram at 0.8 g a.i. per k.g of seed;  
b) Carboxin at 0.8 g a.i. per kg of seed and Imazalil at 0.05g a.i. per k.g of seed;  
c) Flutriafol a t 0.05 g a.i. per kg of seed and Imazalil at 0.05g a.i. per kg of seed;  
d) Triadimenol at 0.375g a.i. per kg of seed and Fuberidazole 0.15g a.i per kg of seed;  
e) Triadimenol at 0.23g a.i. per kg of seed, Imazalil 0.075g per kg of seed and Fuberidazole 0.15g 
a.i per kg of seed;  
f) Tebuconazole at 0.025g a.i. per kg of seed and Imazalil at 0.05g a.i. per kg of seed.  
Guidance  
 MPI, a s required, may evaluate other treatments and if effective, will approve these treatments and 
add them to this schedule.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  58 of 139 
2.38 Humulus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Humulus lupulus .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Pseudoperonospora humuli, Verticillium albo -atrum  
Permit to import : Required  
PEQ : Level 3  
Minimum Period : 1 growing season  
2.38.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  59 of 139 
2.39 Juglans  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Juglans .” 
Countries : Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, 
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United 
Kingdom, United States of America  
Quarantine pests:  Gnomonia leptostyla , Pyralidae; Tortricidae; Trogoderma  spp., Cherry leaf roll virus  
Import permit : Required  
PEQ : Level 1  
Minimum Period : 2 growing seasons  
Isolation : 50m exclusion area  
2.39.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the f ollowing additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Juglans  seed have been:  
i) inspected during the growing season according to appropriate procedures, and no 
Gnomonia leptostyla  or Cherry leaf roll virus  was detected;  
OR 
ii) sourced from an ar ea where Gnomonia leptostyla  and Cherry leaf roll virus  are not known 
to occur”.  
AND  
b) “The seed was fumigated with methyl bromide at ___ pressure for ___ hours at ___ g/m³ at a 
temperature of ___ °C ”; 
i) the pressure/time/rate temperature combination used is  to be in accordance with the 
following scale:  
Temperature  Rate (g/m³)  Time (hours)  Pressure  
15 - 21°C  32 12 Atmospheric  
21°C or above  16 12 Atmospheric  
15 - 21°C  48 1.5 91 kpa vacuum  
21°C or above  48 1.0 91 kpa vacuum  
  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  60 of 139 
2.40 Lablab  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Lablab ”. 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Earias vitella, Maruca testulali, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit : Not Required  
For seed in pods:  
2.40.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate;  
a) “The pods were inspected before export and no caterpillars of Earias vitella  or Maruca testulalis  
were found in a 600 unit sample”.  
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  61 of 139 
2.41 Lavand ula 
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under under Lavandula .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Coniothyrium lavandulae, Phoma lavandulae  
Import perm it: Not Required  
2.41.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must c onfirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Lavandula seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’, free from  Coniothyrium lavandulae  and Phoma lavandulae   
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’, free from  Coniothyrium lavandulae  or 
Phoma lavandulae”.  
2.41.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Lavandula seed must be treated with one of the following fung icides:  
a) Benomyl at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Carbendazim at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed;  
c) Thiophanate methyl at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  62 of 139 
2.42 Lens  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Se ed as “see 155.02.05 under Lens .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Trogoderma granarium  
Import permit: Not Required  
2.42.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if  satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Lens  seeds been inspected in accordance with appropriate  official procedures and found to 
be free of Trogoderma granarium ”. 
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  63 of 139 
2.43 Linum usitatissimum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Linum usitatissi mum .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: None  
Import permit: Not Required  
2.43.1   GM seed declaration  
(1) There are no specific requirements for Linum usitatissimum  seeds except for the following GM event 
which is prohibited entry to New Zealand without HSNO approval:  
a) Linum usitatissimum  var. FP967 (CDC Triffid).  
(2) Importers are required to comply with one of the two options listed below:  
Option 1:  
a) a declaration signed by the exporter and importer must accompany the consignment declaring 
that the consignment does not con tain GM seeds  (refer to Appendix  3: Declaration form ).  
Option 2:  
a) samples must be representatively sampled, tested, and found to be free of unapproved GM seed 
according to the Protocol (refer to Part 1.5.4: Genetically Modified Testing Certificate ).  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  64 of 139 
2.44 Lithocarpus densiflorus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Lithocarpus densiflorus .” 
Countries : Australia, Canada, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, M exico, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States 
of America  
Quarantine pests: Ceratocystis fagacearum , Tortricidae  
Permit to import : Required  
PEQ:  Level 1  
Isolation : 50 m  
2.44.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment  section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Lithocarpus densiflorus  seed has been:  
i)  collected from trees that have been officially inspected for disease caused by Ceratocystis 
fagacearum  and no disease was detected;  
OR 
ii) sourced from an area where Ceratocystis fagacearum  is not known to occur”.  
2.44.2   Approved Treatments  
(1) The Lithocarpus densiflorus  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  65 of 139 
2.45 Livistona  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Livistona .” 
Countries : All countries except Guam, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands  
Quarantine pests: Coconut cadang -cadang viroid  
Import permit: Not Required  
Guidance  
 Seed covered in a fleshy pericarp will not be permitted entry into New Zealand.  
2.45.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the  certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary cer tificate:  
a) “The Livistona seeds have been produced in an approved country and have not been produced 
in Guam, the Philippines or the Solomon Islands”.  
AND  
b) “The Livistona  seeds have been sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Coconut cadang -
cadang viroid ”. 
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  66 of 139 
2.46 Lophophora williamsii  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Lophophora williamsii .” 
Countries:  All 
Import Permit : an import permit is requir ed.  
 
Guidance  
 Importers of Lophophora williamsii  must contact the Ministry of Health prior to importation for advice 
on licensing : 
Ministry of Health  
PO Box 5013  
Wellington  
Attention: Advisor, Controlled Drug Licensing  
Telephone: 04 496 2018  
 
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  67 of 139 
2.47 Lotus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Lotus .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Cercospora loti, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.47.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Lotus  seed has been:  
i) sourced from from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according to 
appropriate procedures and no Cercospora loti  was detected;  
OR 
ii) sourced from an area where Cercospora loti  is not known to occur”.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  68 of 139 
2.48 Macadamia  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Macadamia .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Cryptophlebia ombrodelta, Deudorix epijarbas, Dichocrocis punctiferalis  
Import permit: Not Required  
2.48.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard,  if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section:  
a) “The Macadamia  seed was fumigated with methyl  bromide at ______ pressure for ___ hours at 
___ g/m³ at a temperature of ___ °C “;  
i) the pressure/time/rate temperature combination used is to be in accordance with the 
following scale:  
Temperature  Rate (g/m³)  Time (hours)  Pressure  
15 - 21°C  32 12 Atmospheric  
21°C or above  16 12 Atmospheric  
15 - 21°C  48 1.5 91 kpa vacuum  
21°C or above  48 1.0 91 kpa vacuum  
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  69 of 139 
2.49 Malus  
These requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import Specifications for 
Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Malus .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Apple scar skin viroid, Monilinia fructigena, Tomato bushy stunt virus  
Impo rt permit : Required  
2.49.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
2.49.2   Post -entry quarantine  
(1) All Malus seeds must be imported under permit into a Level 2 Post -Entry Quarantine facility, accredited 
to the MPI.STD.PBC -NZ-TRA-PQCON: Specification for the registration of a plant quarantine or 
containment facility and operator.  
2.49.3   Quaran tine period  
(1) The quarantine period will begin once the plants have entered a period of active growth and have two 
fully expanded leaves.  
(2) Herbaceous indexing and PCR testing must be completed, and if seedlings have tested negative, they 
may be transferred to Level 1 PEQ for woody indexing.  
2.49.4   Inspection and testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acceptable detection methods ( listed  below)  
Apple scar skin viroid  PCR and woody indexing  
Monilinia fructigena  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom expr ession  
Tomato bushy stunt virus  PCR and herbaceous Indexing  
 
(1) Tests are to be carried out on plants germinated from the imported seeds.  
(2) Virus testing is to be conducted on new spring growth. Viroid testing is to be done during the summer 
period. For each  Malus plant, at least two fully -expanded leaves must be sampled from different 
branches of the main stem, one a younger leaf and one an older leaf.  
(3) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. All PCR tests must be validated using positive and negative 
controls  prior to use in quarantine testing. Positive and form -free controls must be used in all tests. 
Internal control primers to check the PCR competency of the samples and a negative plant control 
should also be used in PCR tests.  
(4) Herbaceous indexing will use the indicators Chenopodium quinoa  and Nicotiana clevelandii (Nc).   
(5) Woody Indexing will use one of the indicators Malus  x domestica  ‘Golden Delicious’ or ‘Red Delicious’, 
and may be completed in Level 1 PEQ facility once PCR testing is negative for ASSVd.  
(6) Inspection of the Malus plants by the Operator of the PEQ facility for signs of pest and disease must be 
at least twice per week for the first 3 months of active growth, and during spring and autumn. All other 
times of active growth (summer), plants should  be inspected once per week. A record of inspections 
carried out by the Operator is to be kept and made available to the MPI Inspector on request.  
 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  70 of 139 
Guidance  
 Seedlings will be inspected and tested for regulated pests at the expense of the importer. The 
quarantine period may be extended if material is slow growing, pests are detected, or further testing is 
required . 
 Other internationally recognised testing methods may be accepted by MPI with prior notification . 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  71 of 139 
2.50 Mangifera  
The following requirements only app ly to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Mangifera .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Sternochetus mangiferae, Xanthomonas campestris  pv. mangiferae -indicae  
Import permit : Required  
PEQ : Level 1  
Minimum Period : 2 growing seasons  
Isolation : 50 m exclusion area  
2.50.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activiti es have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Mangifera seeds have been collected from trees which were inspected during the growing 
season and  Xanthomonas campestris  pv. mangiferae -indicae  was not detected”.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  72 of 139 
2.51 Medicago  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Medicago .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Pea early browning virus, Peanut stunt virus, Trogoderma granarium, Xanthomonas 
campestris  pv. alfalfae . 
Import permit : Not Required, unless seeds are to be grown in PEQ.  
2.51.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition t o the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disin fection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Medicago  seeds have been inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures 
and found to be free of Trogoderma granarium ”. 
AND 
b) “The Medicago  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Pea early browning virus, Peanut stunt virus  and 
Xanthomonas campestris  pv. alfalfae;  
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Pea early browning virus, Peanut 
stunt virus  and Xanthomonas campestris  pv. alfalfae” . 
2.51.2   GM seed testing  
(1) In addition to the phytosanitary requirements above, all consigments of Medicago sativa  (lucerne/ 
alfalfa) are required to be representatively sampled, tested, and found to be free of unapproved GM 
seed according to the Protocol (refer to Part 1.5.  4: Genetically Modified Testing Certificate ).  
(2) Importers of consignments of Medicago sativa  that are not identified appropriately will be offered the 
options of re -shipment, destruction or te sting for the presence of unapproved GM seeds .  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  73 of 139 
2.52  Nicotiana tabacum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Nicotiana tabacum .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Peronospora tabacina  
Import permit : Not Required, unless seeds are to be grown in PEQ.  
(1) Importers are required to comply with one of the three options listed below:  
Option 1: Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration:  
a) In addition  to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that 
the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this 
by recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or dis infection treatment section, 
and by providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Nicotiana tabacum seed in this consignment have been inspected during the growing 
season and no Peronospora tabacini  was detected”; or   
ii) “sourced from an area where Peronospora tabacini  is not known to occur”.  
b) The Nicotiana tabacum  seed must be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations:  
i) Metalaxyl at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
ii) Metalaxyl at 0. 7g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed.  
Option 2:  
a) The seed is to be untreated before despatch and consigned to MPI approved seed testing station 
to test for Peronospora tabacini , at the expense of the importer.  
b) If the tests are negative the seed is to be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations 
before release to the importer:  
i) Metalaxyl at 0.7 g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7 g a.i. per kg seed;  
ii) Metalaxyl at 0.7 g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 1.0 g a.i. per kg seed.  
c) If the tests are positive the seed is to be reshipped or destroyed.  
 Option 3:  
a) Permit to import: Required  
PEQ:  Level 3  
Minimum Period: 1 growing season   
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  74 of 139 
2.53  Oxyria  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Oxyria .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Ustilago vinosa  
Import permit: Not Required  
2.53.1   Phytosanitary certifi cate  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfes tation and/or disinfection treatment section.  
2.53.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Oxyria  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations:  
a) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
c) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Triadimenol at 220mg a.i. per kg seed;  
d) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Flutriafol at 80mg a.i. per kg seed.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  75 of 139 
2.54 Panicum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the  Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Panicum .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Peronosclerospora sorghi, Sclerospora graminicola, Trogoderma  spp., Ustilaginales  
Import permit: Not Required  
2.54.1   Phytosani tary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording th e treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Panicum seed has been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’, free from Peronoslerospor a sorghi  and Sclerospora 
graminicola;  
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’, free from Peronoslerospora sorghi  and 
Sclerospora graminicola”.   
2.54.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Panicum  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations:  
a) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Carboxin at 0.8g a. i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
c) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Tr iadimenol at 220mg a.i. per kg seed;  
d) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Flutriafol at 80mg a.i. per kg seed.  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  76 of 139 
2.55 Papaver somniferum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Papaver somniferum .” 
Countries : All 
 
Guidance  
 Importers of Papaver somniferum  must contact the Ministry of H ealth prior to importation for 
information on the requirements for importing this seed.  
Ministry of Health  
PO Box 5013  
Wellington  
Attention: Advisor, Controlled Drug Licensing  
Telephone: 04 496 2018  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  77 of 139 
2.56 Persea  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Persea ”. 
Countries : USA 
Quarantine pests: Avocado sunblotch viroid , Blackstreak  
Permit to import : Required  
PEQ: Level 3  
Minimum Period : 1 growing season  
2.56.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import healt h standard.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  78 of 139 
2.57 Phaseolus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Phaseolus .” 
Countries : Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, 
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States of America.  
Quarantine pests: Refer to “Pest List for Phaseolus ”. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.57.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been u ndertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Phaseolus  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated bacteria ( Curtobacterium 
flaccumfaciens  pv. flaccumfaciens ) and viruses ( Artichoke yellow ringspot virus, Bean 
common mosaic virus  [blackeye cowpea mosaic strain], Broad bean m ottle virus, Cowpea 
severe mosaic virus, Pea early -browning virus, Peanut mottle virus, Peanut stunt virus, 
Southern bean mosaic virus ); 
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from the named regulated bacteria 
(Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens  pv. flaccumfaciens ) and viruses ( Artichoke yellow ringspot 
virus, Bean common mosaic virus  [blackeye cowpea mosaic strain], Broad bean mottle 
virus, Cowpea severe mosaic virus, Pea early -browning virus, Peanut mottle virus, Peanut 
stunt virus, Southern be an mosaic virus )”; 
AND  
b) “The Phaseolus  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated fungi ( Cochliobolus 
miyabeanus, Elsinoe phaseoli, Phoma exigua  var. diversispora )”; 
OR 
ii) “treated with one of the fungicide combinations in M PI approved treatments (refer to Part 
2.57.2)”.  
2.57.2    Approved treatments  
(1) One of the following treatments is required:  
a) Metalaxyl -M at 0.35 g a.i per kg of seed, Fludioxonil at 0.1g a.i per kg of seed and Cymoxanil 
0.2g a.i per kg of seed;  
b) Fosetyl aluminium at 1.53g a.i per kg of seed, Thiram at 0.5g a.i per kg of seed and 
Thiabendazole at 0.37g a.i per kg of seed.  
(2) Seed treatments that incorporate one of the following fungicide combinations, which must be applied at 
maximum label rate may be used, provided a cop y of the label is presented with the import documents:  
a) Metalaxyl or Mefenoxam, and Captan ; 
b) Metalaxyl or Mefenoxam, Captan and Thiram ; Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  79 of 139 
c) Metalaxyl or Mefenoxam, Captan and Fludioxonil.  
(3) As required, MPI may evaluate other treatments and if effective, will approve these treatments and add 
them to this schedule.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  80 of 139 
2.58 Phoenix  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Phoenix .” 
Countries : All countries except Guam, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands  
Quarantine pests: Coconut cadang -cadang viroid, Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp. c anariensis  
Import permit: Not Required  
Guidance  
 Seed covered in a fleshy pericarp will not be permitted entry into New Zealand.  
2.58.1   Phyto sanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providi ng the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Phoenix  seeds have been produced in an approved country and have not been produced in 
Guam, the Philippines or the Solomon Islands”.  
(2) If the consignment contains Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix dactylifera or Phoenix reclinata seeds:  
a) “The Phoenix  seeds have been produced in a ‘pest free area’ free from Fusarium oxysporum  f. 
sp. c anariensis ”. 
  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  81 of 139 
2.59 Pinus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Pinus .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Refer to “Pest List for Pinus .” 
Import permit : Required only for seeds sourced from areas not known to be free from Fusarium circinatum . 
2.59.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to t he phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Pinus  seeds have been:  
i) officially inspected during the growing season according to appropriate procedures and no 
Dioryctria abietivorella  or Conophthorus coniperda  was detected.   
OR  
ii)  inspected for evidence of the presen ce of insect pests and none was found”.  
AND  
b) “The Pinus  seeds have been treated with one of the fungicides in MPI approved treatments (refer 
to Part 2.59.2) ”. 
 
AND [For seeds sourced from areas listed as free of Fusarium circinatum  ONLY]:  
c) “The Pinus  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from pest free areas that are, as verified by pest surveillance methods, free from 
Fusarium circinatum  (syn. Fusarium subglutinans  f sp. pini)” .   
 OR [For seeds sourced from areas not listed as free of Fusarium circinatum ]:  
d) The importer must make prior arrangements for the consignment to undergo post entry 
quarantine at a registered Level 3 PEQ Facility. A permit to import is required.   
Guidance  
 A list of MPI approved pest free areas is provided using this link: Fusarium circinatum   
 Treatment may occur on arrival in New Zealand at a registered Transitional Facility.   
2.59.2   Approved Treatments  
(1) The Pinus seeds for sowing must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.   
2.59.3   Testing requirements  
(1) MPI will determine, via the requirements on a permit to import, the testing required for Pinus spp. 
seeds for sowing for quarantine pests. The quarantine period will vary depending on the pests that 
may be associated with the commodity and the tests required.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  82 of 139 
2.60  Pisum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Speci fications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Pisum .” 
Countries : Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, 
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United 
Kingdom and United States of America.  
Quarantine pests: Refer to “Pest List for Pisum ”. 
Import permit:  Not Required  
2.60.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Pisum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Broad bean mottle virus, Broad bean stain virus, 
Clover yellow mosaic virus, Pea early -browning virus, Pea enation  mosaic virus, Peanut 
mottle virus, Peanut stunt virus . 
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Broad bean mottle virus, Broad 
bean stain virus, Clover yellow mosaic virus, Pea early -browning virus, Pea enation 
mosaic virus, Peanut mott le virus, Peanut stunt virus ”; 
AND  
b) “The Pisum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Cladosporium cladosporioides  f. sp. Pisicola”;   
OR 
ii) “treated with one of the fungicide combinations in MPI approved treatments (refer to Part 
2.60.3)”.  
2.60.2   Testing on arrival in New Zealand  
(1) For lots of pea seed over 2kg, a small sample of pea seeds (approx 100 grams per lot) will be taken 
and soaked with water on arrival to verify that the seed is free from any regulated pests (e.g. pea 
weevil larvae).  
Guid ance  
 Small samples of pea seed (< 2kg) for research purposes do not require the soak test but still require 
dry inspection . 
2.60.3   Approved Treatments  
(1) The Pisum seeds must be treated with one of the following combinations:  
a) Metalaxyl -M at 0.35g a.i per kg of seed, Fludioxonil at 0.1g a.i per kg of seed and Cymoxanil 0.2g 
a.i per kg of seed;  
b) Fosetyl aluminium at 1.53g a.i per kg of seed, Thiram at 0.5g a.i per kg of seed and 
Thiabendazole at 0.37g a.i per kg of seed.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  83 of 139 
(2) Seed treatments that incorporate one of the following fungicide combinations, which must be applied at 
maximum label rate may be used, provided a copy of the label is presented with the import documents:  
a) Metalaxyl or Mefenoxam , and Captan.  
b) Metalaxyl or Mefenoxam, Captan and Thiram.  
c) Metalaxyl or Mefenoxam, Captan and Fludioxonil.  
 
Guidance  
 MPI, a s required, may evaluate other treatments and if effective, will approve these treatments and 
add them to this schedule.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  84 of 139 
2.61 Populus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Populus .” 
Countries : Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary , 
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, 
and United States of America  
Quarantine pests: Marssonina spp. 
Import  permit : Required  
PEQ:   Level 2 and Level 1  
Minimum Period : 2 growing seasons as follows:  
a) in a Level 2 quarantine facility for the first season;  
b) in a Level 1 quarantine facility subsequently.  
Isolation : 50m exclusion area when planted outside.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  85 of 139 
2.62 Prunus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index  listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Prunus .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Eurytoma amygdali , Cherry leaf roll virus  [strains not in New Zealand], Cherry rasp leaf 
virus, Prune dwarf virus  [strains not in New Zealand], Prunus necrotic ringspot virus  [strains not in New 
Zealand], Plum pox virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus , Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus  (CGMMV)  
Import  permit : Required  
PEQ : Level 3  
Minimum Period : 6 months  
2.62.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Prunus  seeds have been inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and 
found to be free of Eurytoma amygdali .” 
2.62.2   Inspection and testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acceptable detection methods ( listed  below)  
Monilinia fructigena  Growing season in spection in PEQ for disease symptom 
expression.  
Cherry leaf roll virus * ELISA (Agdia) or PCR AND herbaceous indicators Cq, Cs.  
Cherry rasp leaf virus  ELISA or PCR using the method of James et al. (1991) AND 
herbaceous indicators Cq, Cs.  
Plum pox virus  Durviz ELISA (Agdia) or PCR using the method of Wetzel et al. 
(1991) AND herbaceous indicators Nc and Cf.  
Prunus necrotic ringspot 
virus * ELISA (Agdia) or PCR using the method of Spiegel et al. (1996) 
AND herbaceous indicators Cs.   
Tomato bushy stunt virus * ELISA (Agdia) or PCR AND herbaceous indicators Cq, Nc.  
Cucumber green mottle 
mosaic virus  ELISA or PCR  
Indicator hosts: Chenopodium foetidum  (Cf), Chenopodium quinoa  (Cq), Cucumis sativus  (Cs) and Nicotiana clevelandii  
(Nc).  
 
(1) With prior notification, MPI will accept other internationally recognised testing methods.  
(2) For bioassay and ELISA, plants shall be sampled from at least two positions on every stem including a 
young, fully expanded leaflet at the top of each stem and an older leaflet  from a midway position.  
(3) Indicator plants must be grown under appropriate temperatures.  
(4) Indicator plants must be shaded for 12 -24 hrs prior to inoculation.  
(5) Maintain post -inoculated indicator species under appropriate glasshouse conditions for at least 4 
weeks. Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  86 of 139 
(6) Inspect plants at least once per week for signs of pest and disease.  
(7) Inspect inoculated herbaceous indicator plants at least twice per week for symptoms of virus infection.  
(8) At least two plants of each indicator species unless otherwise stated must be used in mechanical 
inoculation tests.  
(9) Positive and negative controls must be used in ELISA tests.  
(10) Testing must be carried out on plants while they are in active growth.  
(11) Positive and negative controls (including a blank water control) must be used in PCR. Ideally positive 
internal controls and a negative plant control should be used. Internal controls in PCR tests are 
important to avoid the risk of false negatives.  
(12) For ELISA tests, the unit for testing is an individual seedling because of the presence of po llen 
transmitted viruses for which pre -determined testing is required (denoted by ‘*’ in the table above).  
(13) ELISA or PCR for PPV must test negative before herbaceous indicator tests are conducted.  
References:  
 James D, Howell WE, Mink GI, 2001.Molecular evi dence of the relationship between a virus 
associated with flat apple disease and Cherry rasp leaf virus as determined by RT -PCR. Plant 
Disease 85, 47 -52. 
 Spiegel S, Scott SW, BowmanVance V, Tam Y, Galiakparov NN, Rosner A, 1996. Improved detection 
of prunu s necrotic ringspot virus by the polymerase chain reaction. European Journal of Plant 
Pathology 102, 681 -685. 
 Wetzel T, Candresse T, Ravelonandro M, Dunez J, 1991. A polymerase chain -reaction assay 
adapted to plum pox potyvirus detection. Journal of Virolo gical Methods 33, 355 -365.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  87 of 139 
2.63 Pseudotsuga menziesii  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Pseudotsuga menziesii .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Refer to “Pest List for Pseudotsuga  menziesii ”. 
Import permit : Required only for seeds sourced from areas not known to be free from Fusarium circinatum  
2.63.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this  import health  standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation  and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Pseudotsuga menziesii  seeds have been:  
i) collected from trees that have been officially inspected during the growing season 
according to appropriate procedures and no Dioryctria abietivorella  was detected.  
OR  
ii) inspected for evidence of the presence of insect pests and none was found”.  
AND  
b) “The Pseudot suga menziesii  seeds have been treated for regulated pests”.  
 
AND [For seeds  sourced from areas listed as free of Fusarium circinatum  ONLY]:  
c) The Pseudotsuga menziesii  seeds for sowing have been:  
i)  sourced from pest free areas that are, as verified by pest surveillance methods, free from 
Fusarium circinatum  (syn. Fusarium subglutin ans f sp. pini). 
OR [For seeds sourced from areas not listed as free of Fusarium circinatum  ]: 
d) The Importer must make prior arrangements for the consignment to undergo post entry 
quarantine at a registered Level 3 PEQ Facility. A Permit to Import is requir ed. 
Guidance  
 A list of MPI approved pest free areas is provided using this link: Fusarium circinatum    
 Treatment may occur on arrival in New Zealand at a registered Transitional Facility . 
2.63.2   Approved Treatment  
(1) The Pseudotsuga menziesii seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Captan at 2g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Thiram at 2g a.i. per kg seed.   
2.63.3   Testing requirements  
(1) MPI will determine, via the requirements on a permit to import, the testing required for Pseudotsuga 
menziesii  seeds for sowing for quarantine pests. The quarantine period will vary depending on the 
pests that may be associated with the commodity and the t ests required.  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  88 of 139 
2.64 Psophocarpus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Psophocarpus .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Etiella spp., Maruca testulal i, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit: Not Required  
For Seed in Pods ONLY : 
2.64.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this  import health  standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities ha ve been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Psophocarpus pods have been inspected before export and no caterpillars of Etiella  spp. or 
Maruca test ulalis  were found in a 600 unit sample”.   
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  89 of 139 
2.65  Pyrus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Pyrus .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Apple scar skin viroid, Monilinia fructigena, Tomato bushy stunt virus, Pear bark measle  
Import permit : Required  
PEQ:  Level 3  
Minimum Period : 6 months  
2.65.1   Phytosanitary requirements  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the expor ting country NPPO must 
provide the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this  import health  standard.  
2.65.2   Inspection and testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acceptable detection methods ( listed below)  
Monilinia fructigena  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom 
expression.  
Apple scar skin viroid  PCR using the method of Hadidi et al. (1990).   
Tomato bushy stunt virus * ELISA (Agdia) or PCR AND herbaceous indicators Cq, Nc.  
Pear bark measle  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease expression.  
Indicator hosts: Chenopodium quinoa  (Cq) and Nicotiana clevelandi  (Nc).  
 
(1) For bioassay and ELISA, plants shall be sampled from at least two positions on every stem including a 
young, fully expanded leaflet at the top of each stem and an older l eaflet from a midway position . 
(2) Indicator plants must be grown under appropriate temperatures . 
(3) Indicator plants must be shaded for 12 -24 hrs prior to inoculation . 
(4) Maintain post -inoculated indicator species under appropriate glasshouse conditions for at leas t 4 
weeks . 
(5) Inspect plants at least once per week for signs of pest and disease . 
(6) Inspect inoculated herbaceous indicator plants at least twice per week for symptoms of virus infection . 
(7) PCR and ELISA need to be validated using positive controls/reference mat erial prior to use in 
quarantine testing . 
(8) At least two plants of each indicator species unless otherwise stated must be used in mechanical 
inoculation tests . 
(9) Positive and negative controls must be used in ELISA tests . 
(10) Testing must be carried out on plants while they are in active growth . 
(11) Positive and negative controls (including a blank water control) must be used in PCR.  Ideally positive 
internal controls and a negative plant control should be used. Internal controls in PCR tests are 
important to avoid th e risk of false negatives . 
(12) For ELISA tests, the unit for testing is an individual seedling because of the presence of pollen 
transmitted viruses for which pre -determined testing is required (denoted by ‘*’ in the table above).  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  90 of 139 
Guidance  
 With prior notification, MPI will accept other internationally recognised testing methods.  
References:  
 Hadidi A, Yang X, 1990. Detection of pome fruit viroids by enzymatic cDNA amplification. Journal of 
Virological Methods 30, 261 -269.   
 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  91 of 139 
2.66 Quercus  
The following requirements only apply t o species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Quercus .” 
Countries : Australia, Canada, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Tunisia, United Kingdom and 
United Sta tes of America  
Quarantine pests: Ceratocystis fagacearum, Cryphonectria parasitica , Curculionidae  
Import permit : Required  
PEQ : Level 3  
Minimum Period : 2 years  
Isolation : 50m exclusion area when planted outside  
2.66.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Quercus  seeds have been:  
i) collected from trees that have been officially inspected during active growth and no 
diseases caused by Ceratocystis fagacearum  or Cryphonectria parasitica  were detected;  
OR 
ii) sourced from an area where Ceratocystis fagacearum  and Cryphonectria parasitica  are 
not known to occur”.  
AND  
b) “The Quercus  seeds have been fumigated with methyl bromide at ___ pressure for ___ hours at 
___ g/m³ at a temperature  of ___°C”;  
i) the pressure/time/rate temperature combination used is to be in accordance with the 
following scale:  
Temperature  Rate (g/m³)  Time (hours)  Pressure  
15 - 21°C  32 12 Atmospheric  
21°C or above  16 12 Atmospheric  
15 - 21°C  48 1.5 91 kpa vacuum  
21°C or above  48 1.0 91 kpa vacuum  
2.66.2   Inspection and testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acceptable detection method s 
Ceratocystis fagacearum  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom 
expression.  
Cryphonectria parasitica  Growing season inspection  in PEQ for disease symptom 
expression.  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  92 of 139 
2.67 Ribes  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “See 155.02.05 under Ribes .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Refer to pest lis t for Ribes  
Import  permit : Required  
PEQ : Level 3  
Minimum Period : 6 months  
2.67.1   Phytosanitary requirements  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
2.67.2   Inspection and testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acce ptable detection methods  (listed below)  
For both “Currant type” and 
“Gooseberry types” Ribes    
Raspberry ringspot virus * ELISA or PCR and herbaceous indexing with Ca and 
Cq or Cq, Cs and Nc  
For “Currant type” Ribes only   
Tobacco rattle virus  [strains n ot in New 
Zealand]  Herbaceous indexing with Ca and Cq OR Cq , Cs 
and Nc.  
Indicators: Chenopodium amaranticolor , Ca - Chenopodium quinoa , Cq – Cucumis sativus , Cs – Nicotiana clevelandii , 
Nc. 
(1) Tests are to be carried out on plants germinated from the imported seeds .  
(2) Testing must be carried out on plants while they are in active growth . 
(3) Indicator plants must be grown under appropriate temperatures . 
(4) Indicator plants must be shaded for 12 -24 hrs prior to inoculation . 
(5) For each Ribes  plant, at least two fu lly-expanded leaves must be sampled from different branches of 
the main stem, one a younger leaf and one an older leaf .  
(6) Post-inoculated indicator plants must be maintained under appropriate glasshouse conditions for at 
least 4 weeks . 
(7) Post-inoculated indic ator plants must be inspected at least twice per week for signs of virus infection 
with observations being recorded on a weekly basis . 
(8) For ELISA tests, the unit for testing is an individual seedling because of the presence of pollen 
transmitted viruses for  which pre -determined testing is required (denoted by ‘*’ in the table above).  
(9) PCR and ELISA need to be validated using positive controls/reference material prior to use in 
quarantine testing;  
(10) Positive, negative, and buffer controls must be used in ELISA tests . 
(11) Positive controls must be used in PCR . Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  93 of 139 
(12) Inspection of the Ribes  plants by the operator of the PEQ facility for signs of pest and disease must be 
at least once per week.  
Guidance  
 Other internationally recognised testing methods may be accepted by MPI with prior notification.  
References :  
 Converse, R.H., ed. 1987. Virus Diseases of Small Fruits. USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 631, 
277pp.  
 Diekmann M, Frison EA and Putter T (). FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of 
Small Fruit Germplasm,  www.ipgri.cgiar.org/Publications/pdf/249.pdf  
 Hanada, K. and Harrison, BD. (1977). Effects of virus genotype and temperature on seed 
transmission of nepoviruses. Ann. appl. Biol. 85: 79 -92 
 ICTVdB: The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nl m.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/  
 Lister R.M. (1960) Transmission of soil -borne viruses through seed. Virology. 10: 4, 547 -549 
 Lister, R.M., Murant A.F., (1967) Seed transmission of nematode -borne viruses. Ann.appl. Biol.59:49 -
62 
 Lister, R.M., Murant A.F. (1967) S eed-transmission in the ecology of nematode -borne viruses. Ann. 
appl. Biol. 59: 63 -76 
 MPI Post -Entry Quarantine Testing Manual – Ribes . 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  94 of 139 
2.68 Rubus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Rubus ”. 
Countrie s: All 
Quarantine pests: Refer to pest list for Rubus   
Import permit : Required  
PEQ : Level 2  
Minimum Period : 3 months  
2.68.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
2.68.2   Inspection and testing requirements  
 
Organism  MPI acceptable detection methods  (listed below)  
Raspberry ringspot virus  ELISA or PCR and herbaceous indexing with Cq, Cs 
and Nc  
Tomato ringspot virus  ELISA or PCR and herbace ous indexing with Cq, Cs 
and Nc  
Indicators: Chenopodium quinoa , Cq – Cucumis sativus , Cs – Nicotiana clevelandii , Nc. 
(1) Tests are to be carried out on plants germinated from the imported seeds .  
(2) The quarantine period will begin once the plants have entered a period of active growth and have two 
fully expanded leaves.  
(3) Virus testing needs to be conducted on new spring growth. For each Rubus  plant, at least two young 
fully- expanded leaves must be s ampled from different branches of the main stem, one a younger leaf 
and one older leaf.  
(4) Herbaceous Indicator plants must be grown under appropriate temperatures  at 18 -25 ºC.  
(5) Indicator plants must be shaded for 24 hrs prior to inoculation . 
(6) For each Ribes  plant, at least two fully -expanded leaves must be sampled from different branches of 
the main stem, one a younger leaf and one an older leaf .  
(7) Post-inoculated indicator plants must be maintained under appropriate glasshouse conditions for at 
least 4 weeks . 
(8) Post-inoculated indicator plants must be inspected at least twice per week for signs of virus infection 
with observations being recorded on a weekly basis . 
(9) Positive and negative (buffer solution) controls must be used on all herbaceous indexing tests.  
(10) PCR and ELISA tests need to be validated using positive controls/reference material prior to use in 
quarantine testing;  
(11) Positive, negative, and buffer controls must be used in ELISA tests . 
(12) Positive and negative controls must be used in PCR . Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  95 of 139 
(13) Inspection of the  Rubus  plants by the operator of the PEQ facility for signs of pest and disease must be 
at least twice  per week  during periods of active growth . 
Guidance  
 Other internationally recognised testing methods may be accepted by MPI with prior notification.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  96 of 139 
2.69 Sesamum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Sesamum .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Alternaria sesami, Cercoseptoria sesami, Xanthomonas campestris  pv. sesami, 
Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.69.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment 
section, and by providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Sesamum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Alternaria sesam i, Cercoseptoria sesami  and 
Xanthomonas campestris  pv. sesami;  
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Alternaria sesami, Cercoseptoria 
sesami  or Xanthomonas campestris  pv. sesami”.   
2.69.2   Approved treatment  
(1) The Sesamum  seeds for sowing mus t be treated with Iprodione at 2.5 g a.i. per kg of seed.  
 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  97 of 139 
2.70 Solanum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Solanum .” For Solanum lycopersicum  and Solanum 
tuberosum , please refer to the individual schedules which follow.  
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Potato spindle tuber viroid . 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.70.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying stateme nt in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The [insert species name]  seeds for sowing have been:  
i) sourced from an ‘pest free area’ free from Potato spindle tuber viroid;    
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Potato spindle tuber viroid”;  
OR 
b) “The [insert species name] seeds for sowing have been officially tested, on a representative 
sample and using appropriate methods, and found to be free from Potato spindle tuber viroid ”. 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  98 of 139 
2.71 Solanum lycopersicum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity  Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Solanum lycopersicum .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Pepino mosaic virus, Potato spindle tuber viroid , Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid . 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.71.1   Phytosanitary c ertificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the fol lowing additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Solanum lycopersicum  seeds have been prepared to industry standards with thorough 
cleaning to remove all traces of flesh from the seeds”.  
AND  
b)  “The Solanum lycopersicum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Pepino mosaic virus . 
OR 
ii) sourced from a pest free place of production’ free from Pepino mosaic virus . 
OR 
iii) officially tested, on a representative sample, and using appropriate methods, and found to 
be free from Pepino  mosaic virus” . 
AND  
c) “The Solanum lycopersicum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Potato spindle tuber viroid . 
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Potato spindle tuber viroid . 
OR 
iii) officially tested, on a representative sample, and using appropriate methods, and found to 
be free from Potato spindle tuber viroid” . 
AND  
d) “ The Solanum lycopersicum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid . 
OR  
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid . 
OR 
iii) officially tested, on a representative sample, and using appropriate methods, and found to 
be free from Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid” . 
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  99 of 139 
2.72 Solanum tuberosum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Solanum tuberosum .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Andean potato latent virus, Andean potato mild mosaic virus , Potato black ring virus,  
Potato spindle tuber viroid, Potato virus T, Tobacco ringspot virus  
Import permit : Required  
PEQ : Level 3  
Minimum Period : 1 growing season  
2.72.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  100 of 139 
2.73  Sorghum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Sorghum .” 
Countries:  Australia, USA  
Quarantine pests: Peronosclerospora sorghi, Sclerospora graminicola, Tro goderma  spp., Ustilaginales  
Import permit: Not Required  
2.73.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undert aken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Sorghum  seeds h ave been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Peronosclerospora sorghi  and Sclerospora 
graminicola.  
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Peronosclerospora sorghi  and 
Sclerospora graminicola”.  
2.73.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Sorghum  seeds must be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations:  
a) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 1.0g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
c) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Triadi menol at 220mg a.i. per kg seed;  
d) Imazalil at 80mg a.i. per kg seed and Flutriafol at 80mg a.i. per kg seed.  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  101 of 139 
2.74 Stenotaphrum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Stenotaphrum .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Panicum mosaic virus  
Import  permit : Required  
PEQ:  Level 3  
Minimum Period : 1 growing season  
2.74.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standar d.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  102 of 139 
2.75  Trigonella foenum -graecum  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Trigonella foenum -graecum .” 
Countries : All 
Quarantine pests: Cercosporidium  traversiana, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.75.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been unde rtaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Trigonella fo enum -graecum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Cercosporidium traversiana;     
OR 
ii) sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Cercosporidium traversiana  was 
detected.  
2.75.2    Approved treatments  
(1) The Trigonella foenum -graecum  seeds for sowing must be treated with one of the following fungicides:  
a) Benomyl at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed;  
b) Carbendazim at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed;  
c) Thiophanate methyl at 2.5g a.i. per kg seed.  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  103 of 139 
2.76 Triticum  
The following requirements only apply to species in th e Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Triticum .” 
Countries : Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, 
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Net herlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, 
Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States of America.  
Quarantine pests: Refer to “Pest List for Triticum ”. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.76.1   Phytosanitary Certificate - Addition al declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in th e disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Triticum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated bacteria ( Rathayibacter 
tritici, Xanthomonas campestris  pv. undulosa ) and viruses ( High plains virus, Indian peanut 
clump virus )”; 
OR 
ii) “sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from the named regulated bacteria 
(Rathayibacter tritici, Xanthomonas campestri s pv. undulosa ) and viruses ( High plains 
virus, Indian peanut clump virus )”. 
AND  
b) “The Triticum  seeds have been:  
i)  sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Anguina tritici” ,  
OR  
ii) “sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Anguina tritici” , 
OR 
iii) “inspected microscopically for Anguina tritici  in accordance with appropriate official 
procedures, and no Anguina tritici  spores were detected”.  
AND  
c) “The Triticum  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated fungi ( Alternaria triticina, 
Cephalosporium gramineum, Curvularia verruculosa )”; 
OR 
ii) “treated with one of the fungicide combinations in MPI approved treatments (refer to Part 
2.76.2)”;  
AND  
d) “The Triticum seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from Tilletia controversa  and Tilletia indica” ; Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  104 of 139 
OR 
ii) “sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from Tilletia controversa  and Tilletia 
indica  and treated with an approved fungicide treatment”;  
OR  
iii) “a representative sample of 600 seeds, drawn from this consig nment according to the 
International Seed Testing Associations methodology, has been tested for Tilletia 
controversa  and Tilletia indica  (and no spores of Tilletia controversa  or Tilletia indica  were 
found in a representative sample of 600 seeds drawn from  this consignment) AND treated 
with an approved fungicide treatment”.  
2.76.2   Approved treatments  
(1) One of the following treatments is required:  
a) Carboxin at 0.8g a.i. per kg of seed and Thiram at 0.8g a.i. per k.g of seed;  
b) Flutriafol at 0.05g a.i. per kg of seed an d Imazalil at 0.05g a.i. per kg of seed;  
c) Triadimenol at 0.375g a.i. per kg of seed and Fuberidazole 0.15g a.i per kg of seed;  
d) Triadimenol at 0.23g a.i. per kg of seed, Imazalil 0.075g per kg of seed and Fuberidazole 0.15g 
a.i per kg of seed;  
e) Tebuconazole at 0.025g a.i. per kg of seed and Imazalil at 0.05g a.i. per kg of seed.  
 
 Guidance  
 MPI, as required, may evaluate other treatments and if effective, will approve these treatments and 
add them to this schedule . 
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  105 of 139 
2.77 Ulmus  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Ulmus. ” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Cherry leaf roll virus, Elm mottle virus  
Import permit: Not Require d 
2.77.1   Phytosanitary Certificate - Additional declaration  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Ulmus seeds have been:  
i) sourced from trees which were officially inspected during the growing season and no 
Cherry leaf roll virus  or Elm mottle virus  was detected;  
OR 
ii) sourced from an area where Cherry leaf roll virus  and Elm mottle virus  are not known to 
occur”.  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  106 of 139 
2.78 Vaccinium  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under  Vaccinium .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests: Refer to pest list for Vaccinium   
Import permit : Required.  
PEQ:  Level 3  
Minimum Period : 6 months  
2.78.1   Phytosanitary cerificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the certifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
2.78.2   Inspection and testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acc eptable detection methods ( listed  below)   
Diaporthe vaccinii  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom 
expression.  
Botryosphaeria vaccinii  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom 
expression.  
Monilinia fructigena  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom 
expression.  
Monilinia vaccinii -
corymbosi  Growing season inspection in PEQ for disease symptom 
expression.  
Blueberry shock virus * ELISA (Agdia) or PCR AND herbaceous indicators Nb, Nc.  
Blueberry leaf mottle virus * ELISA (Agdia) or PCR AND herbaceous indicators Cq, Nc.  
Peach rosette mosaic 
virus * ELISA (Agdia) or PCR AND herbaceous indicators Ca, Cq  
Tomato ringspot virus * ELISA (Agdia) or PCR AND herbaceous indicators Cq, Nc.  
Indicator hosts: Chenopodium amaranticolor  (Ca), C. quinoa  (Cq), Nicotiana benthamiana  (Na), and N. clevelandi  (Nc).  
 
(1) With prior notification, MPI will accept other internationally recognised testing methods . 
(2) For bioassay and ELISA, plants shall be sampled from at least two positions on every stem including a 
young, fully expanded leaflet at the top of each stem and an older leaflet from a midway position . 
(3) Indicator plants must be grown under appropriate temperatures . 
(4) Indicator plants must be shaded for 12 -24 hrs prior to inoculation . 
(5) Maintain post -inoculated indicator species under appropriate glasshouse conditions for at least 4 
weeks . 
(6) Inspect plants at least once per week for signs of pest and disease . 
(7) Inspect inoculated herbaceous indicator plants at least twice per week for symptom s of virus infection .. 
(8) PCR and ELISA need to be validated using positive controls/reference material prior to use in 
quarantine testing . 
(9) At least two plants of each indicator species unless otherwise stated must be used in mechanical 
inoculation tests . Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  107 of 139 
(10) Positive and negative controls must be used in ELISA tests . 
(11) For ELISA tests, the unit for testing is an individual seedling because of the presence of pollen 
transmitted viruses for which pre -determined testing is required (denoted by ‘*’ in the table above) .  
(12) Testing must be carried out on plants while they are in active growth . 
(13) Positive and negative controls (including a blank water control) must be used in PCR.  Ideally positive 
internal controls and a negative plant control should be used. Internal control s in PCR tests are 
important to avoid the risk of false negatives.   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  108 of 139 
2.79 Vicia  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Vicia .” 
Countries:  Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, 
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United 
States of America.  
Quarantine pests:  Refer to pest list for Vicia  
Import permit : Not Required.  
2.79.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities hav e been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment section, and by 
providing the following additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Vicia seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated viruses ( Artichoke yellow 
ringspot virus, Broad bean mottle virus, Broad bean stain virus, Broad bean true mosaic 
virus, Clover yellow mosaic virus, Pea early -browning virus, Pea enation mosaic virus, 
Peanut stunt virus, Red clover vein mosaic virus )”. 
OR 
ii) “sourced from a ‘pest free place of production’ free from the named regulated viruses 
(Artichoke yellow ringspot virus, Broad bean mottle virus, Broad bean stain virus,  Broad 
bean true mosaic virus, Clover yellow mosaic virus, Pea early -browning virus, Pea enation 
mosaic virus, Peanut stunt virus, Red clover vein mosaic virus )”. 
2.79.2   Approved treatments  
(1) The Vicia seeds must be treated with one of the following combinations:  
a) Metalaxyl -M at 0.35g a.i per kg of seed, Fludioxonil at 0.1g a.i per kg of seed and Cymoxanil 0.2g 
a.i per kg of seed;  
b) Fosetyl aluminium at 1.53g a.i per kg of seed, Thiram at 0.5g a.i per kg of seed and 
Thiabendazole at 0.37g a.i per kg of seed.  
(2) As requir ed, MPI may evaluate other treatments and if effective, will approve these treatments and add 
them to this schedule.  
   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  109 of 139 
2.80 Vigna  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “se e 155.02.05 under Vigna .” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests:  Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens  pv. flaccumfaciens , Xanthomonas campestris  pv. 
vignicola, Earias vitella, Maruca testulalis, Trogoderma  spp. 
Import permit: Not Required  
2.80.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) In addition to the certifying statement in Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard, if satisfied that the 
pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must confirm this by 
recording providing the following additional declaration to the phytosanitary certificate:  
a) “The Vigna  seed have been:  
i) collected from trees which were inspected during the growing season according to 
appropriate procedures and no Curtobacterium flaccumfacie ns pv. flaccumfaciens  or 
Xanthomonas campestris  pv. vignicola  was detected.  
OR 
ii) sourced from an area where Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens  pv. flaccumfaciens  and 
Xanthomanas campestris  pv. vignicola are not known to occur”.  
AND [F or seed in pods ]: 
b) “The Vigna  seed pods were inspected before export and no caterpillars of Earias vitella  or 
Maruca testulalis  were found in a 600 unit sample”.   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  110 of 139 
2.81  Vitis  
The following requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Vitis.” 
Countries:  All 
Quarantine pests:  Grapevine angular mosaic virus, Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus, G rapevine chrome 
mosaic virus, Grapevine fanleaf virus  [strains not in New Zealand], Grapevine line pattern virus, Peach rosette 
mosaic virus, Tomato ringspot virus . 
Import permit : Required  
PEQ:  Level 2  
Minimum period:  3 months; the quarantine period will b egin once the plants have entered a period of active 
growth and have two fully expanded leaves.  
2.81.1   Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by providing the ce rtifying statement as per Part 1.5.2 of this import health standard.  
2.81.2   Inspection and testing requirements  
Organism  MPI acceptable detection methods ( listed  below)  
Grapevine angular mosaic virus  Growing season inspection  
Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus   Herbaceous indicators (Ca and Cq)   
Grapevine chrome mosaic virus  Herbaceous indicators (Ca, Cq, Cs and Nt)  
Grapevine fanleaf virus  [strains not in 
New Zealand]  ELISA or PCR AND herbaceous indicators (Ca, Cq and Cs)  
Grapevine line pattern virus  Growing  season inspection  
Peach rosette mosaic virus * ELISA or PCR AND herbaceous indicators (Ca, Cq, Cs and Nt)  
Tomato ringspot virus * ELISA or PCR AND herbaceous indicators (Ca and Cq)  
Herbaceous indexing will use the indicators Ca - Chenopodium amaranticolor , Cq - Chenopodium quinoa , Cs - Cucumis 
sativus  and Nt - Nicotiana tabacum . 
 
(1) Tests are to be carried out on plants germinated from the imported seeds .  
(2) The quarantine period will begin once the plants have entered a period of active growth and  have two 
fully expanded leaves . 
(3) Virus testing is to be conducted on new spring growth. For each plant, at least two fully -expanded 
leaves must be sampled from different branches of the main stem, one a younger leaf and one an 
older leaf . 
(4) For ELISA tests, the unit for testing is an individual seedling because of the presence of pollen 
transmitted viruses for which pre -determined testing is required (denoted by ‘*’ in the table above).  
(5) All PCR and ELISA tests must be validated using positive controls prior to use in quarantine testing. 
Positive and negative controls (including a blank water control for PCR) must be used in all tests. 
Ideally positive internal controls and a negative plant control should also be used in PCR tests .  
(6) At least two plants of each  herbaceous indicator species must be used in each test. Herbaceous 
indicator plants must be grown under appropriate temperatures and must be shaded for 24 hrs prior to 
inoculation. Maintain post -inoculated indicator species under appropriate glasshouse co nditions for at Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  111 of 139 
least 4 weeks. Inspect inoculated indicator plants at least twice per week for symptoms of virus 
infection . 
(7) Inspection of the Vitis plants by the operator of the PEQ facility for signs of pest and disease must be 
at least twice per week whi le in active growth. A record of inspections carried out by the Operator is to 
be kept and made available to the MPI Inspector on request . 
(8) Other internationally recognised testing methods may be accepted by MPI with prior notification.  
  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  112 of 139 
2.82  Zea mays  
The foll owing requirements only apply to species in the Plant Biosecurity Index listed under Import 
Specifications for Seed as “see 155.02.05 under Zea.” 
Approved Countries:  Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, 
Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the United 
Kingdom and United States of America . 
Quarantine Pests:  Acidovorax avenae  subsp. a venae , Clavibacter michiganensis  subsp. 
nebraskensis, Pantoea stewartii, High plains virus , Maize dwarf mos aic virus , Maize chlorotic 
mottle virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus, Botryosphaeria  zeae , Cochliobolus  pallescens , Cochliobolus  
tuberculatus , Claviceps  gigantea , Gloeocercospora sorghi,  Ustilago  maydis , Peronosclerospora  
heteropogoni , P. maydis , P. philippinen sis, P. sacchari , P.sorghi , Phaeocytostroma  ambiguum , 
Sclerophthora  rayssiae  var. zeae , Rhizopus  maydis , Stenocarpella  macrospora  and Cephalosporium  
maydis.  
Regulated pests:  Refer to pest l ist for Zea mays  
Permit to import: Not Required, unless seeds are to be grown in PEQ.  
2.82.1   Phytosanitary certificate - Additional declarations  
(1) If satisfied that the pre -shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country NPPO must 
confirm this by recording the treatments applied in the disinfestation and/or disinfection treatment 
section (if applicable), and by providing the following  additional declarations to the phytosanitary 
certificate:  
a) “The Zea mays  seeds have been  inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures 
and found to be free of any visually detectable regulated pests, including the regulated insects, 
mites a nd weed seeds on MPI’s regulated pest list for Zea mays ”. 
AND  
b) “The Zea mays  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated bacteria Acidovorax avenae 
subsp. avenae, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, Pantoea stew artii and 
viruses High plains virus and Maize dwarf mosaic virus”;  
  OR 
ii) “sourced from a  ‘pest free place of production’ free from the named regulated bacteria 
Acidovorax avenae  subsp. avenae, Clavibacter michiganensis  subsp. nebraskensis, 
Pantoea stewartii  and viruses High plains virus and Maize dwarf mosaic virus”;  
   OR 
iii) “a representative sample, officially drawn from this consignment according to ISTA or 
AOSA methodology, has been tested for the presence of and found free from the named 
regulated  bacteria Acidovorax avenae  subsp. avenae, Clavibacter michiganensis  subsp. 
nebraskensis, Pantoea stewartii  and viruses High plains virus and Maize dwarf mosaic 
virus”.   
     AND  
c) “The Zea mays  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the  named regulated viruses Maize chlorotic 
mottle  virus and S ugarcane mosaic virus”;   
                    OR Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  113 of 139 
ii) “a representative sample, officially drawn from this consignment according to ISTA or 
AOSA methodology, has been tested for and found free from the named regulated viruses 
Maize chlorotic mottle  virus and S ugarcane mosaic virus”;   
 
Guidance  
 Countries that MPI recognise endorsing “Pest free area” as an additional declaration for Sugarcane 
mosaic virus  are as follow:   
Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Japan, the Netherlands, 
Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Swi tzerland, the United Kingdom and United States of America   
 
    AND  
d) “The Zea mays  seeds have been:  
i) sourced from a ‘pest free area’ free from the named regulated fungi Botryosphaeria zeae, 
Cochliobolus pallescens, Cochliobolus tuberculatus, Claviceps gigantea, Gloeocercospora 
sorghi, Ustilago maydis, Peronosclerospora heteropogoni, Peronosclerospora maydis, 
Peronosclerospora philippinensis, Peronosclerospora sacchari, Pe ronosclerospora sorghi, 
Phaeocytostroma ambiguum, Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae, Rhizopus maydis, 
Stenocarpella macrospora and Cephalosporium maydis”;  
OR 
ii) “treated with one of the fungicide combinations in MPI approved treatments (refer to Part 
2.82.3)”. 
2.82.2   GM seed testing  
(1) In addition to the phytosanitary requirements above, all consigments of Zea mays  (sweet corn, maize) 
are required to be representatively sampled, tested, and found to be free of unapproved GM seed 
according to the Protocol (refer to Part  1.5.4: Genetically Modified Testing Certificate ). More 
information can also be found at https://www.mpi.govt.nz/importing/plants/seeds -for-
sowing/genetic ally-modified -seeds/  
 
Guidance  
 The Protocol for testing for the presence of genetically modified plant material can be found at 
http://www.mpi.govt.nz/document -vault/10250  
 Popcorn does not require GM testing. The full scientific name must be specified on the phytosanitary 
certificate (e.g. Zea mays  var. everta ) to enable popcorn to be given clearance without a GM testing 
certificate.  
2.82.3   Approved treatments  
(1) The Zea mays  seed must be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations;   
a) The active ingredients in one of the following treatments are required:  
i) Carboxin at 0.8 g a.i. per kg seed and Thiram at 0.8g a.i. per kg seed;  
ii) Carboxin at 0.8 g a.i. per kg seed and Captan at 0.7g a.i. per kg seed;  
iii) Fludioxonil at 0.025 g a.i.per kg seed and Metalaxyl at 0.02g a.i. per kg seed;  
iv) Imazalil at 80 mg a.i. per kg seed and Triadimenol at 220mg a.i. per kg seed;  
v) Imazalil at 80 mg a.i. per kg seed and Flutriafol at 80mg a.i. pe r kg seed;  
vi) Difenoconazole at 0.12 g a.i per kg seed and Mefenoxam at 0.01g a.i per kg seed;  
vii) Fludioxonil at 0.025 g a.i.per kg seed and Mefenoxam at 0.01g a.i. per kg seed.  
(2) As required, MPI may evaluate other treatments and if effective, will approve these treatments and add 
them to this schedule.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  114 of 139 
2.82.4   Testing requirements  
(1) Testing for all quarantine pests  and diseases specified in the pest list is required to be completed 
offshore prior to export, or on arrival in New Zealand by an MPI -approved testing laborator y if testing 
cannot be provided offshore.  
(2) Pantoea stewartii : A negative result from testing a representative sample of a minimum of 400 seeds, 
using the immunosorbent assay test described by Lamka et al.  (1991), may be used to show the 
consignment is free  of Pantoea stewartii  subsp. stewartii .; 
(3) Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. neb raskensis : A negative result from testing a representative 
sample of a minimum of 400 seeds, using the sCNS Culture Plate Method (Shepherd, 199 9; 
www .seedhealth.org ), may be used  to show the consignment i s free of Claviba cter mic higanensi s 
subsp.  Nebraskensis ; 
(4) Acidovorax avenae subsp.  avenae : A negative result from testing a representative sample of a 
minimum of 400 seeds, using the methodology of Dange et al. (1978), may be used to show the 
consignment is free of Acidovorax aven ae subsp . Avenae ; 
(5) High plains virus: A negative result  from testing a representative sample of seeds using greenhouse 
grow -out tests and ELISA testing as described  by Forster et al. (2001) and Crop Plant Compendium 
2003 , or a representative sample of a minimum of 3000 seeds , using a PCR NPPO approved method , 
such as Lebas et al. (2005) , may be used to show that the consignment is free  of High plains virus ; 
(6) Maize dwarf mosaic virus: A negative result from testing a representative sample of a minimum of 
2000 seeds, using  an NPPO approved method , may be used to show the consignment  is free of Maize 
dwarf mosaic virus ; 
(7) Maize chlorotic mottle virus:  A negative result from testing a representative sample of a minimum of 
3000 seeds, u sing ELISA or PCR testing, may be used to show the consignment is free f rom Maize 
chlorotic mottle virus;  
(8) Sugarcane mosaic virus : A negative result from testing a representative sample of a minimum of 
2000 seeds, using an NPPO approved method, may be used to show the consignment is free of 
Sugarcane mosaic virus . 
Guidance  
 MPI may, upon request, consider alternative virus and bacteria l testing methods from those described 
in this schedule.  
References:  
 Dange SRS, Payak MM, Renfro BL, 1978. Seed transmission of Pseudomonas rubrilineans , the 
incitant of bacterial leaf stripe of maize. Indian Phytopathology  31(4):523 -524. 
 Forster RL, Seif ers DL, Strausbaugh CA, Jensen SG, Ball EM, Harvey TL, 2001. Seed transmission 
of the High Plains virus  in sweet corn. Plant Disease 85(7):696 -699 
 Lamka, G L; Hill, J H; McGee, D C; and Braun, E J. 1991: Development of an immunosorbent assay 
for seedborne Pantoea stewartii  subsp. stewartii in corn seeds. Phytopathology 81:839 -846 
 Lebas, B.S.; Ochoa -Corona, F.M.; Elliot, D.R.; Tang, Z. and Alexander, B.J.R. 2005. Development of 
an RT -PCR for High Plains virus indexing scheme in New Zealand post entry quarantine. Plant 
Disease , 89:1103 -1108.  
 Shepherd, L.M. 1999:  Detection and transm ission of Clavibacter michiganensis  subsp. nebraskensis  
of corn. Ms Thesis, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  115 of 139 
Appendix  1: Definitions  
Definitions have the same meaning as defined by the Act and ISPM 5: Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms 
(2012), unless set out  below:  
 
a.i.  
Active ingredient.  
 
AOSA  
The Association of Official Seed Analysts is an organisation comprised of member laboratories which are 
staffed by certified seed analysts. Such seed testing facilities include official state, federal, and university seed 
laboratories across the United States of America and Canada.  
 
Basic seed  
Refers to seed listed in the Plant Biosecurity Index under “ Import Specification for Seed for Sowing”.  
 
BORIC  
Biosecurity Organisms Register for Imported Commoditie s: MPI dat abase which informs on the quarantine 
status for an organism as either regulated or non - regulated f or New Zealand.  
ELISA  
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.  
EPA 
Environmental Protection Authority is responsible  for administering the Hazardous Substances and New 
Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996.  
 
Fleshy fruit  
Any fruit (matured ovary) that is succulent or semi -succulent e.g. a berry, drupe, pome.  
 
Genetically modified organism (GM)  
Any organism in which any of the ge nes or any of the other genetic material has been modified by in -vitro 
techniques; or is inherited or otherwise derived, through any number of replications, from any genes or other 
genetic material which has been modified by in-vitro techniques . [as defined by the HSNO Act 1996]  
 
Herbaceous Indexing  
Virus detection and identification technique where plant viruses are transmitted mechanically or via a vector to 
a number of herbaceous indicator plants for the observation of characteristic symptoms.  
 
ISTA  
International Seed Testing Association.  
 
IPPC  
International Plant Protection Convention, as deposited  with FAO in Rome in 1951 and as subsequently 
amended [FAO, 1990].  
 
ISPM  
International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures are the international stan dards  adopted by the Conference 
of FAO, the Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures or the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures, 
established under the IPPC [CEPM, 1996; revised CEPM, 1999].  
 
Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 post-entry quarantine  
A system  of post entry quarantine screening whereby seed is grown under certain specified conditions on a 
property approved to the MPI operational standard PBC -NZ-TRA-PQCON.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  116 of 139 
 
NPPO  
National Plant Protection Organisation is the o fficial  service established by Government to discharge the 
functions specified by the IPPC. [FAO, 1990; formerly Plant Protection Organisation (National)].  
 
Pelleted seed  
Seed encased in a man -made nutritive or protective covering.  
 
Permit  
A permit to import issued by MPI that specifies the conditions under which a particular commodity may be 
imported into New Zealand.  
 
Pest  
Any species, strain or biotype of animal or pathogenic agent (fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids) injurious to 
plants or plant pro ducts .  
Note: For the purpose of this import health standard “pest” includes an organism sometimes associated with the 
pathway, which poses a risk to human or animal or plant life or health (SPS Article 2).  
 
PCR  
Polymerase chain reaction.  
 
Plant Biosecur ity Index  
MPI s earch system for identifying the status of plant species for importing to New Zealand.  
 
Pre-Germinated Seed  
Seed with only the radicle (embryonic root) emerged.  
 
Quarantine Pest  
A pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present 
but not widely distributed and being officially controlled [FAO, 1990; revised FAO 1995; IPPC 1997].  
 
Quarantine W eed Seeds  
An invasive plant spec ies as set out in the MPI Schedule of Regulated (Quarantine) Weed Seeds.   
 
Regulated Pest  
A quarantine pest or a regulated non - quarantine pest listed in BORIC as being regulated for New Zealand.  
Note: If an intercepted organism is not listed in BORIC, the NPPO must contact MPI to establish the regulatory status.  
 
Seed  
A unit of reproduction used for sowing. This includes spores but excludes vegetative propagules.  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  117 of 139 
Appendix 2: Amendment Record  
Amendments to this IHS will be given a consecutive number and dated. The following table provides a 
summary of the main changes to this IHS for the previous five years.  
No: Details:  Date:  
26 Revised schedules of special conditions for Hordeum  and Triticum . 7/05/2009  
27 Addition of schedule for Linum usitatissimum . Revised schedule of special conditions for 
Fragaria  and Ribes . Removal of Echinacea angustifolia  from section 1.5.2  19/03/2010  
28 Removal of Xanthomonas translucens  pv. translucens  from the Hordeum and Triticum  
schedules. Revised schedule of Zea, including Japan as an approved country with the 
addition of Gloeocercospora sorghi  to the pest list. Addition of a pea seed soak test on 
arrival in the Pisum schedule.  22/09/2010  
29 Revised schedule s of special conditions for Acer, Carpinus, Carya ovata, Castanea  and 
Quercus  to manage Cryphonectria parasitica . 16/09/2011  
30 Addition of section 2.2.7 ‘Importation of Seed Products’, section 2.2.8 “Seed for Sowing 
of New Zealand Origin’ and section 2.4  ‘Equivalence’.  5/12/2011  
31 Revised schedule for Rubus , and removal of [strains not present in New Zealand] from all 
listings of Tomato ringspot virus  in Fragaria, Rubus , and Vaccinium  schedules.  20/03/2012  
32 Revised schedule of special conditions for Citrus . 3/04/2012  
33 Updated fungicide treatment option for Avena, Hordeum  and Triticum . 7/05/2012  
34 Reformat of complete IHS, including all schedules . 29/06/2012  
35 Correction to the Zea schedule: removal of Maize mottle chlorotic stunt virus  from the  
quarantine requirements.  24/07/2012  
36 Revision of Section 8 ‘Equivalence’ and Section 9 “Biosecurity clearance’ . 27/08/2012  
37 New schedule for tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and minor correction of Macadamia 
schedule.  19/10/2012  
38 New schedule for Brassica  (urgent amendment) and minor amendment to Acrocomia  
schedule.  19/04/2013  
39 Revised schedule for Malus  (apple) seed for sowing.  24/04/2013  
40 Removal of schedule for Brassica , retaining schedule for Brassica napus . 02/08/2013  
41 New schedule fo r grape ( Vitis spp.), incorporated as an urgent amendment.  08/08/2013  
42 Addition of section 6 (Part A) , ‘Seed for sowing imported as laboratory specimens’.  
Revised schedule of special conditions for Arabidopsis thaliana  (removal of requirement 
for a phytosanitary certificate).  Revised schedules of special conditions for Fragaria, 
Phaseolus, Ribes, Rubus idaeus  and Vitis (removal of Tomato black ring virus  from the 
quarantine requirements).  12/12/2013  
43 Addition of furt her approved fungicide treatments to the Phaseolus  and Pisum schedules  19/6/2014  
44 Revised schedule for Zea mays , specifying a seed sample size for Maize dwarf mosaic 
virus . 18/8/2014  
45 New schedule for Capsicum  and Solanum  19/8/2014  
46 New schedule for Cucurbitaceae and changes to Zea mays  (urgent amendment)  1/12/2014  
47 Revised schedule for Zea mays , clarifying the requirements for Sugarcane mosaic virus  
and Maize chlorotic mottle virus  7/8/2015  
48 Publication of the CTO direction for  all Zea mays  consignment originated from Chile . 11/09/2015  
49 New IHS format. Added section 1.6 (pre -determined testing in PEQ), amended 
phytosanitary certificate requirements and GM testing requirements.  26/11/2015  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  118 of 139 
50 Reinstating section 6 (Part A) now section 1.9 Part 1: "Seed for sowing imported as 
laboratory specimens" . Minor amendment for Beta  and Zea schedule . Removal of Barley 
mosaic virus  from the pest list of Hordeum  and revised the schedule.  21/12/2015  
51 Reinstating and revision of the requirements for species of Rubus and clarification of 
Section 1.9  21/01/2016  
52 Addition to a paragraph related to importation of GMO seeds for reseach purposes and 
also the addition of the pathogen Andean potato mild mosaic  virus (APMMV)  to the 
Solanum tuberosum schedule as a regulated pest.  02/03/2016  
53 Revised the Capsicum schedule: addition of PCFVd as a quarantine pest  09/10/2016  
54 Orthographic corrections under Zea, Triticum and Lavandula schedules  and amendment 
to the Zea schedule to allow for testing onshore for all quan rantine pests listed in the 
Zea mays pest list , reformatting of Appendix 3: Declaration form to facilitate its use  and 
the addition of a hyperlink to the protocol for GMO testing  under the Zea schedule . 25/11/2016  
55 Review of the Cucurbitaceae schedule: new measures for CGMMV and addition of 
KGMMV as a quarantine pest.  Update of the Capsicum schedule.  26/01/2017 Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  119 of 139 
Appendix 3: Declaration Form  
To be completed and signed by the exporter and importer . 
As defined by the New Zealand HSNO Act 1996, Genetically modified  organism  means , unless expressly provided 
otherwise by regulations , any organism in which any of the genes or any other genetic material (a) have been modified by 
in vitro techniques ; or (b) are inherited or otherwise derived, through any number of replications, from any genes or other 
genetic material which has been modified by in vitro techniques . 
Note that under  the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996. The import  and release of any 
genetically modified crop without approval from the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) it is unlawful .  
I,. (Exporter’s name and address)…  
 
declare that according to the requirements set out in the Seed for Sowing Import Health Standard (MPI Import Health 
Standard: 155.02.05: Importation of Seed for Sowing - http://www.mpi.govt.nz/docu ment -vault/1151 ,  
Insert species name and lot/line number or unique identifier as stated on all the other import documentation  
was produced neither “from” nor “by” genetically modified crops.  
I undertake to inform immediately the importer and  the Ministr y for Primary Industries, MPI, N ew Zealand  of any information 
that can undermine the accuracy of this declaration.  
Note that MPI may request evidence  as to how production, handling and transport of these seeds  is performed in the field , 
or require and audit as a way to provide quality  to the production system .  
I (Importer ’s name and address)…  
 
declare  to the best of my knowledge  that according to the requirements set out in the Seed for Sowing Import Health 
Standard (MPI Import Health Standard: 155.02.05: Importation of Seed for Sowing - http://www.mpi.govt.nz/document -
vault/1151 ,  
Insert species name and lot/line number or unique  identifier as stated on all the other import documentation  
was produced neither “from” nor “by” genetically modified crops.  
Signed by Exporter  and Company Name  (details)  and date  
 Signed by Importer  and Company Name  (details)  and date  
 
Warning: Any person who knowingly makes a statement of information or a declaration that is false or misleading in a 
material particular may on summary conviction, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment and/or fined not exceeding 
$500,000.00  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  120 of 139 
Appendix 4: Regulated Pest List for Importation of Seed for 
Sowing  
For organisms intercepted that are not listed within this pest list refer to the Biosecurity Organisms Register 
for Imported Commodities (BORIC) to determine the New Zealand regulatory status.  
 
 
 
Actinidia REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Virus      
     
Capillovirus  Apple stem grooving virus [Actinidia infecting strain]  
 
Avena  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  
Insecta   
   
Blattodea   
    
Blattidae   
     
Blatta orientalis  oriental cockroach     
Coleoptera   
    
Bostrichidae   
     
Prostephanus truncatus  larger grain borer      
Cryptophagidae   
     
Cryptophagus schmidti   
    
Cucujidae   
     
Cathartus quadricollis  squarenecked grain beetle      
Curculionidae   
     
Caulophilus oryzae  broadnosed grain weevil      
Dermestidae   
     
Trogoderma granarium  khapra beetle       
Trogoderma inclusum  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma ornatum  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma simplex  dermestid beetle       
Trogoderma sternale  dermestid beetle       
Trogoderma variabile  warehouse beetle      
Mycetophagidae   
     
Mycetophagus quadriguttatus  spotted hairy fungus beetle      
Nitidulidae   
     
Carpophilus obsoletus  dried fruit beetle      
Ptinidae   
     
Gibbium psylloides  shiny spider beetle       
Mezium americanum  american spider beetle       
Niptus hololeucus  golden spider beetle       
Pseudoeurostus hilleri  spider beetle       
Ptinus clavipes  brown spider beetle  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  121 of 139 
     
Ptinus fur  whitemarked spider beetle       
Ptinus villiger  hairy spider beetle       
Tipnus unicolor  spider beetle       
Trigonogenius globulus   
    
Tenebrionidae   
     
Alphitobius laevigatus  black fungus beetle       
Alphitophagus bifasciatus  two-banded fungus beetle       
Blaps mucronata  cellar beetle       
Gnatocerus maxillosus  slenderhorned flour beetle  
     Latheticus oryzae  longheaded flour beetle       
Palorus ratzeburgi  smalleyed flour beetle       
Palorus subdepressus  depressed flour beetle       
Tribolium audax  american black flour beetle       
Tribolium destructor  dark flour beetle      
Trogossitidae   
     
Lophocateres pusillus  siamese grain beetle     
Hemiptera   
    
Lygaeidae   
     
Elasmolomus sordidus  seed bugs     
Lepidoptera   
    
Cosmopterigidae   
     
Pyroderces rileyi  pink scavenger caterpillar      
Oecophoridae   
     
Anchonoma xeraula  grain moth      
Pyralidae   
     
Corcyra cephalonica  rice moth       
Ephestia figulilella  raisin moth       
Paralipsa gularis  stored nut moth      
Tineidae   
     
Nemapogon variatella  corn moth   
Mite      
  
Arachnida    
   
Acarina   
    
Eriophyidae   
     
Aceria tosichella  wheat curl mite       
Aceria tulipae [vector]  wheat curl mite      
Siteroptidae   
     
Siteroptes cerealium  asparagus spider mite      
Tarsonemidae   
     
Steneotarsonemus spirifex  oat spiral mite   
Nematode     
  
Secernentea   
   
Tylenchida   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  122 of 139 
    
Anguinidae   
     
Anguina tritici [vector]  seed gall nematode   
Fungus      
  
Hyphomycetales   
   
Moniliaceae   
     
Cephalosporium gramineum   
 
Bacterium     
    
Pseudomonadaceae   
     
Xanthomonas campestris pv. 
undulosa  leaf streak  
 
Virus      
   
High plains virus   
 
Cannabis  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
     
Pyrrhocoris apterus  fire bug       
Episyrphus balteatus   
     
Ischiodon scutellaris  syrphid fly       
Metasyrphus latifasciatus  syrphid fly       
Sphaerophoria scripta  hover fly       
Syritta pipiens  hover fly   
Mite      
     
Aculops cannabicola  hemp russett mite   
Fungus      
     
Curvularia cymbopogonis   
     
Leptosphaeria woroninii   
     
Septoria cannabis  yellow leaf spot   
Bacterium     
     
Pseudomonas syringae pv. 
cannabina   
     
Xanthomonas campestris pv. 
cannabis   
 
Virus      
     
Hemp mosaic virus   
     
Hemp streak virus   
 
Weed      
     
Orobanche ramosa  branched broomrape  
 
Cucurbitaceae  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Virus      
     
Cucumber green mottle mosaic 
virus  CGMMV  
 
Fragaria  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  123 of 139 
 
Virus      
     
Fragaria chiloensis latent virus   
     
Raspberry ringspot virus   
     
Strawberry latent ringspot virus 
(strains not in New Zealand)   
     
Tobacco streak virus   
     
Tomato ringspot virus (strains 
not in New Zealand)   
Helianthus REGULATED PESTS (actionable )  
 Insect  
  Insecta  
   Coleoptera  
    Dermestidae  
     Trogoderma granarium  khapra beetle  
     Trogoderma variabile  warehouse beetle  
   Diptera  
    Asteraceae  
     Neolasioptera helianthi (syn. 
Lasioptera murtfeldtiana)  midge  
 Fungus  
  Ascomycota  
   Pleosporales  
    Pleosporaceae  
     Alternaria helianthi   
   Dothideales  
    Leptosphaeriaceae  
     Leptosphaeria lindquistii  leaf spot  
 Mitosporic fungi (Coelomycetes)  
  Sphaeropsidales  
   Sphaerioidaceae   
     Septoria helianthi  septoria leaf spot  
 Mitosporic fungi  (Hyphomycetes)  
  Hyphomycetales  
   Moniliaceae  
     Aspergillus parasiticus  mould  
 Oomycota  
  Peronosporales  
   Peronosporaceae  
     Plasmopara halstedii  downy mildew  
 Bacterium  
   Pseudomonadaceae  
     Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata  bacterial spot  
     Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis  bacterial leaf spot  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  124 of 139 
 Virus  
    Potyviridae  
    Potyvirus  
     Sunflower mosaic virus   
 
Hordeum  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  Insecta     
Blattodea   
    
Blattidae   
     
Blatta orientalis  oriental cockroach     
Coleoptera      
Curculionidae   
     
Caulophilus oryzae  broadnosed grain weevil      
Dermestidae   
     
Trogoderma granarium  khapra beetle       
Trogoderma grassmani  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma inclusum  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma irroratum  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma ornatum  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma simplex  dermestid beetle       
Trogoderma sternale  dermestid beetle       
Trogoderma variabile  warehouse beetle      
Languriidae   
     
Pharaxonotha kirschii  mexican grain beetle      
Tenebrionidae   
     
Embaphion muricatum  false wireworm       
Latheticus oryzae  longheaded flour beetle       
Palorus ratzeburgi  smalleyed flour beetle       
Palorus subdepressus  depressed flour beetle       
Tribolium audax  american black flour beetle       
Tribolium destructor  dark flour beetle     
Lepidoptera   
    
Tineidae   
     
Haplotinea insectella  casemaking moth       
Tinea fictrix  casemaking moth   
Mite      
  
Arachnida    
   
Acarina   
    
Acaridae   
     
Acarophenax tribolii [Animals 
Biosecurity]  grain mite  
    
Eriophyidae   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  125 of 139 
     
Aceria tosichella  wheat curl mite       
Aceria tulipae [vector]  wheat curl mite      
Pyemotidae   
     
Pyemotes herfsi  straw itch mite   
Fungus      
  
Basidiomycota: Ustomycetes   
   
Tilletiaceae     
  Tilletia controversa  dwarf bunt   
Mitosporic fungi (Hyphomycetes)    
Hyphomycetales     
Moniliaceae       
Cephalosporium gramineum  stripe    
Tuberculariales     
Tuberculariaceae       
Fusarium longipes  fusarium head blight   
Bacterium     
   
Corynebacteriaceae       
Rathayibacter tritici  yellow ear rot     
Pseudomonadaceae       
Pseudomonas syringae pv. 
striafaciens  bacterial stripe blight  
     
Xanthomonas campestris pv. 
undulosa  leaf streak  
 
Virus      
     
High plains virus   
 
Phaseolus  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  
Insecta     
Coleoptera   
    
Bostrichidae   
     
Prostephanus truncatus  larger grain borer      
Bruchidae   
     
Acanthoscelides argillaceus  bean weevil       
Acanthoscelides obvelatus  bruchid beetle       
Bruchidius atrolineatus  seed beetle       
Bruchidius incarnatus  seed beetle       
Bruchus pisorum  pea weevil       
Callosobruchus analis  cowpea weevil       
Callosobruchus maculatus  cowpea weevil       
Callosobruchus phaseoli  cowpea weevil       
Zabrotes subfasciatus  mexican bean weevil     
Lepidoptera   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  126 of 139 
    
Pyralidae   
     
Etiella grisea  pod borer       
Etiella grisea drososcia  pod borer       
Etiella zinckenella  limabean pod borer      
Tortricidae   
     
Cydia fabivora  pod moth       
Matsumuraeses phaseoli  adzuki pod worm   
Fungus      
  
Ascomycota   
  
Dothideales     
Elsinoaceae       
Elsinoe phaseoli  scab     
Pleosporaceae       
Cochliobolus miyabeanus 
(anamorph Bipolaris oryzae)   
     
mitosporic fungi (Coelomycetes)   
  
Sphaeropsidales     
Sphaerioidaceae       
Phoma exigua var. diversispora  ascochyta leaf spot   
Bacterium     
   
Corynebacteriaceae       
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens 
pv. flaccumfaciens  bacterium wilt  
 
Virus      
     
Artichoke yellow ringspot virus   
     
Bean common mosaic virus 
[blackeye cowpea mosaic strain]   
     
Broad bean mottle virus   
     
Cowpea severe mosaic virus   
     
Pea early -browning virus   
     
Peanut mottle virus   
     
Peanut stunt virus   
     
Southern bean mosaic virus   
 
Pinus  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  
Insecta   
   
Coleoptera   
    
Anobiidae   
     
Ernobius punctulatus  borer       
Cerambycidae   
     
Xylotrechus schaefferi  longhorn beetle      
Curculionidae   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  127 of 139 
     
Conotrachelus neomexicanus  cone borer, curculio      
Scolytidae   
     
Conophthorus coniperda  white pine cone beetle       
Conophthorus ponderosae  lodgepole cone beetle       
Conophthorus resinosae  red pine cone beetle     
Diptera   
    
Cecidomyiidae   
     
Cecidomyia bisetosa  gall midge       
Resseliella silvana  gall midge     
Heteroptera   
    
Coreidae   
     
Lepispilus sulcicollis  seed eater       
Leptoglossus corculus  leaffooted pine seed bug       
Leptoglossus occidentalis  coreid bug      
Scutelleridae   
     
Tetyra bipuctata  shield backed pine seed bug     
Hymenoptera   
    
Torymidae   
     
Megastigmus albifrons  seed chalcid     
Lepidoptera   
    
Pyralidae   
     
Dioryctria abietivorella  fir coneworm, pine knothorn moth       
Dioryctria amatella  southern pine coneworm       
Dioryctria auranticella  pyralid moth       
Dioryctria clarioralis  coneworm       
Dioryctria disclusa  webbing coneworm       
Dioryctria merkeli  loblolly pine coneworm       
Dioryctria rossi  cone borer, pyralid moth      
Tortricidae   
     
Commophila fuscodorsana  tortricid moth       
Cydia anaranjada  slash pine seedworm       
Cydia ingens  logleaf pine seed worm       
Cydia miscitata  cone borer, tortricid moth       
Cydia piperana  cone borer, ponderosa pine seed moth       
Cydia toreuta  cone borer, eastern pine seedworm   
Fungus      
  
Ascomycota   
   
Diaporthales   
    
Melanconidaceae   
     
Melanconis stilbostoma 
(anamorph Melanconium 
bicolor)  mould  
  
Dothideales  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  128 of 139 
   
Dothioraceae       
Sydowia polyspora (anamorph 
Sclerophoma pythiophila)  pine leaf blight, tip dieback  
   
Mycosphaerellaceae       
Mycosphaerella dearnessii 
(anamorph Lecanosticta acicola)  brown needle spot  
   
Pleosporaceae       
Setosphaeria rostrata 
(anamorph Exserohilum 
rostratum)  leaf blight, black mould  
  
Hypocreales     
Hypocreaceae       
Nectria inventa (anamorph 
Verticillium tenerum)  verticillium rot  
  
Pezizales     
Otideaceae       
Caloscypha fulgens (anamorph 
Geniculodendron pyriforme)  cold fungus  
   
Pyronemataceae       
Pyronema omphalodes  mould   
Mitosporic fungi       
Coniosporium aterrimum  mould       
Lacellina graminicola  mould   
Mitosporic fungi (Coelomycetes)    
Sphaeropsidales     
Sphaerioidaceae       
Botryodiplodia acicola  mould       
Coniothyrium quercinum  mould   
Unknown (Coelomycetes)       
Melanconium apiocarpon  mould       
Pestalotia breviseta  mould       
Pestalotia foedans  mould       
Pestalotiopsis glandicola  mould       
Sirococcus conigenus  shoot blight   
Mitosporic Fungi (Hyphomycetes)    
Hyphomycetales     
Hyphomycetales       
Cladosporium cucumerinum  black mould       
Cladosporium naumovi  black mould       
Curvularia inaequalis  black mould       
Stemphylium piriforme  leaf mould     
Moniliaceae       
Acremonium subverticillatum  mould       
Aspergillus funiculosus  mould  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  129 of 139 
     
Penicillium arenarium  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium aurantiogriseum  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium brevicompactum  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium canadense  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium chrysogenum  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium divergens  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium fuscum  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium gladioili  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium oxalicum  penicillium mould rot       
Penicillium viridicatum  penicillium mould rot       
Torula convoluta  mould       
Verticillium albo -atrum  
[severe strain]  mould  
  
Tuberculariales     
Tuberculariaceae       
Fusarium arthrosporoides  dry rot       
Fusarium chlamydosporum  root and stem rot       
Fusarium circinatum (syn. 
Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. 
pini)  pine pitch canker  
     
Fusarium moniliforme var. 
intermedium  mould  
     
Fusarium polyphialidicum  fusarium mould   
Unknown (Hyphomycetes )      
Oidium verticilloides  mould   
Oomycota    
Pythiales     
Pythiaceae       
Pythium aphanidermatum  root and seed rot   
Zygomycota: Zygomycetes    
Mucorales     
Mucoraceae       
Mucor hiemalis  mucor fruit rot       
Mucor mucedo  mucor fruit rot       
Mucor plumbeus  mould       
Mucor racemosus  storage rot       
Mucor ramanianus  mould     
Syncephalastraceae       
Syncephalastrum racemosum  mould  
 
Pisum  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  
Insecta   
   
Coleoptera   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  130 of 139 
    
Bruchidae   
     
Acanthoscelides zeteki  bruchid beetle       
Bruchidius atrolineatus  seed beetle       
Bruchidius incarnatus  seed beetle       
Bruchidius quinqueguttatus  bruchid beetle       
Bruchus affinis  bruchid beetle       
Bruchus emarginatus  Mediterranean pulse beetle       
Bruchus ervi  bruchid beetle       
Bruchus lentis  bruchid beetle       
Bruchus pisorum  pea weevil       
Bruchus rufimanus  broad bean weevil       
Bruchus tristis  bruchid beetle       
Callosobruchus analis  cowpea weevil       
Callosobruchus chinensis  oriental cowpea weevil       
Callosobruchus maculatus  cowpea weevil      
Dermestidae   
     
Trogoderma granarium  khapra beetle     
Lepidoptera   
    
Lycaenidae   
     
Euchrysops cnejus  blue butterfly      
Noctuidae   
     
Spodoptera praefica  western yellowstriped armyworm      
Pyralidae   
     
Etiella zinckenella  limabean pod borer      
Tortricidae   
     
Cydia nigricana  pea moth   
Mitosporic fungi (Hyphomycetes)    
Hyphomycetales     
Dematiaceae   
     
Cladosporium cladosporioides f. 
sp. pisicola     cladosporium blight  
 
Virus      
     
Broad bean mottle virus   
     
Broad bean stain virus   
     
Clover yellow mosaic virus   
     
Pea early -browning virus   
     
Pea enation mosaic virus   
     
Peanut mottle virus   
     
Peanut stunt virus   
 
Pseudotsuga menziesii  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  
Insecta   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  131 of 139 
   
Coleoptera   
    
Anobiidae   
     
Ernobius punctulatus  borer      
Curculionidae    
     
Lepesoma lecontei  weevil      
Scarabaeidae   
     
Melolontha melolontha  cockchafer     
Diptera   
    
Cecidomyiidae   
     
Asynapta keeni  gall midge       
Contarinia constricta  gallmidge       
Contarinia cuniculator  gall midge       
Contarinia oregonensis  douglas fir cone gall midge       
Contarinia pseudotsugae  gall midge       
Contarinia washingtonensis  gall midge      
Lonchaeidae   
     
Earomyia aquilonia  fir seed maggot       
Earomyia barbara  fir seed maggot     
Hemiptera   
    
Coreidae   
     
Leptoglossus occidentalis  coreid bug     
Lepidoptera   
    
Blastobasidae   
     
Holcocera augusti  blastobasid moth      
Geometridae   
     
Eupithecia albicapitata  looper       
Eupithecia spermaphaga  looper      
Pyralidae    
     
Dioryctria abietivorella  fir coneworm      
Tortricidae   
     
Barbara colfaxiana  douglas fir cone moth       
Chionodes periculella  gelechiid moth       
Commophila fuscodorsana  tortricid moth       
Endopiza piceana  tortricid moth       
Laspeyresia bracteatana  leafroller       
Zeiraphera diniana  douglas fir cone moth   
Fungus      
  
Ascomycota   
   
Pezizales   
    
Otideaceae   
     
Caloscypha fulgens  cold fungus   
Mitosporic Fungi (Hyphomycetes)    
Hyphomycetales  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  132 of 139 
   
Moniliaceae       
Penicillium chrysogenum  penicillium mould rot   
Tuberculariales     
Tuberculariaceae       
Fusarium circinatum (syn. 
Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. 
pini)  pine pitch canker  
 
Ribes  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Virus      
     
Raspberry ringspot virus   
     
Tobacco rattle virus (strains not 
in New Zealand)   
     
*For organisms intercepted that are not listed within this pest list refer to Biosecurity  
Organisms Register for Imported Commodities  (BORIC) to determine the regulatory status.  
 
Rubus   REGULATED PESTS (actionable ) 
 Virus  
     Raspberry ringspot virus  
     Tomato ringspot virus  
     *For organisms intercepted that are not listed within this pest list refer to Biosecurity  
Organisms Register for Imported Commodities  (BORIC) to determine the regulatory status.  
 
Triticum  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  
Insecta   
   
Blattodea   
    
Blattidae   
     
Blatta orientalis  oriental cockroach     
Coleoptera   
    
Bostrichidae   
     
Dinoderus distinctus  bostrichid beetle       
Prostephanus truncatus  larger grain borer      
Bruchidae   
     
Callosobruchus chinensis  oriental cowpea weevil      
Curculionidae   
     
Caulophilus oryzae  broadnosed grain weevil      
Dermestidae   
     
Trogoderma glabrum  khapra beetle       
Trogoderma granarium  khapra beetle       
Trogoderma grassmani  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma inclusum  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma ornatum  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma simplex  dermestid beetle  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  133 of 139 
     
Trogoderma sternale  dermestid beetle       
Trogoderma variabile  warehouse beetle      
Languriidae   
     
Pharaxonotha kirschii  Mexican grain beetle      
Tenebrionidae   
     
Cynaeus angustus  larger black flour beetle       
Latheticus oryzae  longheaded flour beetle       
Palorus ratzeburgi  smalleyed flour beetle       
Palorus subdepressus  depressed flour beetle       
Tribolium audax  american black flour beetle       
Tribolium freemani  flour beetle       
Ulomoides dermestoides  darkling beetle     
Diptera   
    
Cecidomyiidae   
     
Contarinia pisi  pea midge     
Lepidoptera   
    
Noctuidae   
     
Faronta albilinea  wheat head armyworm      
Pyralidae   
     
Corcyra cephalonica  rice moth       
Paralipsa gularis  stored nut moth      
Tineidae   
     
Cephitinea colonella  grain moth       
Haplotinea insectella  casemaking moth     
Psocoptera   
    
Liposcelidae   
     
Troctes minutus  psocid   
Mite      
  
Arachnida    
   
Acarina   
    
Acaridae   
     
Caloglyphus krameri   
     
Michaelopus macfarlanei   
    
Eriophyidae   
     
Aceria tulipae (vector)  wheat curl mite       
Aceria tosichella  wheat curl mite      
Tarsonemidae   
     
Tarsonemus granarius   
    
Tuckerellidae   
     
Tuckerella ablutus   
     
unknown Acarina   
     
Paratriophtydeus coineaurius   
 
Nematode     Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  134 of 139 
  
Secernentea   
   
Tylenchida   
    
Anguinidae   
     
Anguina tritici [vector]  seed gall nematode   
Fungus      
  
Basidiomycota: Ustomycetes   
   
Ustilaginales   
    
Tilletiaceae   
     
Tilletia controversa  dwarf bunt       
Tilletia indica  karnal bunt   
Mitosporic fungi (Hyphomycetes)    
Hyphomycetales     
Dematiaceae       
Alternaria triticina   
     
Curvularia verruculosa   
   
Moniliaceae       
Cephalosporium gramineum  stripe     
Corynebacteriaceae       
Rathayibacter tritici  yellow ear rot    
Pseudomonadaceae       
Xanthomonas campestris pv. 
undulosa  leaf streak  
 
Virus      
   
High plains virus   
   
Indian peanut clump virus   
 
Vaccinium  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Fungus      
  
Ascomycota   
  
Diaporthales     
Valsaceae       
Diaporthe vaccinii (anamorph 
Phomopsis vaccinii)  twig blight  
  
Dothideales     
Botryosphaeriaceae       
Botryosphaeria vaccinii 
(anamorph Phyllosticta 
elongata)   
  
Leotiales     
Sclerotiniaceae       
Monilinia fructigena (anamorph 
Monilia fructigena)  european brown rot  
     
Monilinia vaccinii -corymbosi  brown rot   
Virus      Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  135 of 139 
   Bromoviridae      
Ilarvirus   
     
Blueberry shock virus   
   
Comoviridae    
    
Nepovirus   
     
Blueberry leaf mottle virus   
     
Peach rosette  mosaic virus   
     
Tomato ringspot virus [strains 
not in New Zealand]   
 
Vicia  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  
Insecta   
   
Coleoptera   
    
Bruchidae   
     
Bruchidius incarnatus  seed beetle       
Bruchidius quinqueguttatus  bruchid beetle       
Bruchus atomarius  bruchid beetle       
Bruchus dentipes  bruchid beetle       
Bruchus pisorum  pea weevil       
Bruchus rufimanus  broad bean weevil       
Callosobruchus chinensis  oriental cowpea weevil       
Callosobruchus maculatus  cowpea weevil       
Callosobruchus phaseoli  cowpea weevil      
Dermestidae   
     
Trogoderma granarium  khapra beetle      
Tenebrionidae   
     
Tribolium destructor  dark flour beetle     
Diptera   
    
Cecidomyiidae   
     
Contarinia  pisi pea midge     
Lepidoptera   
    
Lycaenidae   
     
Virachola livia  pomegranate butterfly   
Virus      
     
Artichoke yellow ringspot virus   
     
Broad bean mottle virus   
     
Broad bean stain virus   
     
Broad bean true mosaic virus   
     
Clover yellow mosaic virus   
     
Pea early -browning virus   
     
Pea enation mosaic virus   
     
Peanut stunt virus   Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  136 of 139 
     
Red clover vein mosaic virus   
 
Zea mays  REGULATED PESTS (actionable)   
 
Insect      
  Insecta  
    Bostrichidae  
     Dinoderus distinctus  bostrichid beetle  
     Dinoderus minutus  bamboo powderpost beetle  
     Prostephanus truncatus  larger grain borer  
    Cucujidae  
     Cathartus quadricollis  squarenecked grain beetle  
   Curculionidae  
     Caulophilus oryzae  broadnosed grain weevil  
   Dermestidae       
Attagenus unicolor  black carpet beetle       
Trogoderma glabrum  khapra beetle  
     Trogoderma granarium  khapra beetle  
     Trogoderma inclusum  trogoderma beetle       
Trogoderma variabile  warehouse beetle  
   Histeridae        
Teretriosoma nigrescens       
Languriidae  
     Pharaxonotha kirschiI  Mexican grain beetle  
   Melyridae  
   Nitidulidae  
     Carpophilus freemani  dried fruit beetle  
     Carpophilus lugubris  dusky sap beetle  
     Glischrochilus quadrisignatus  four-spotted sap beetle  
   Ptinidae  
     Gibbium psylloides  shiny spider beetle  
   Scolytidae  
     Pagiocerus frontalis  bark borer  
   Tenebrionidae  
     Alphitobius laevigatus  black fungus beetle  
     Cynaeus angustus  larger black flour beetle  
     Gnatocerus maxillosus  slenderhorned flour beetle       
Latheticus oryzae  longheaded flour beetle       
Palorus ratzeburgi  smalleyed flour beetle       
Palorus subdepressus  depressed flour beetle       
Tribolium freemani  flour beetle    
Diptera     
Otitidae       
Euxesta stigmatias    Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  137 of 139 
  
Hemiptera  
   Coreidae  
     Leptoglossus zonatus  coreid bug  
  Lepidoptera  
   Cosmopterigidae  
     Pyroderces rileyi  pink scavenger caterpillar  
  Noctuidae  
     Sesamia calamistis  pink stalk borer  
     Sesamia nonagrioides  pink borer  
  Pyralidae       
Corcyra cephalonica  rice moth       
Doloessa viridis         
Mussidia nigrivenella  pyralid moth       
Paralipsa gularis  stored nut moth  
  Tortricidae  
     Cryptophlebia leucotreta  false codling moth  
 Psocoptera  
  Liposcelidae  
     Liposcelis bostrychophilus  booklouse       
Liposcelis entomophilus  grain psocid       
Liposcelis paetus  booklouse    
Trogiidae       
Lepinotus reticulatus    
Mite      
  Arachnida  
   Acarina  
    Pyemotidae       
Acaropsellina sollers   
 
Fungus      
  Ascomycota  
   Dothideales  
   Botryosphaeriaceae       
Botryosphaeria zeae (anamorph 
macrophoma zeae)  grey ear rot  
   Pleosporaceae       
Cochliobolus pallescens  
(anamorph Curvularia 
pallescens)  - 
     
Cochliobolus tuberculatus 
(anamorph Curvularia 
tuberculata)  leaf spot  
     Gloeocercospora sorghi  zonate leaf spot  
  Hypocreales  
   Clavicipitaceae  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  138 of 139 
     Claviceps gigantea  ergot  
  Basidiomycota  
  Ustomycetes  
   Ustilaginales  
    Ustilaginaceae  
     Ustilago maydis  boil smut   
Mitosporic Fungi ( Coelomycetes)   
  Sphaerioidales  
  Sphaerioidaceae  
     Stenocarpella macrospora  dry rot of maize  
     Phaecytostroma ambigum  - 
 Mitosporic Fungi ( Hyphomycetes)  
  Hyphomycetales  
   Moniliaceae  
     Cephalosporium maydis   
 Oomycota     
  Sclerosporales     
   Sclerosporaceae          
Peronosclerospora 
heteropogoni   
     
Peronosclerospora maydis  Java downy mildew       
Peronosclerospora 
philippinensis  Philippine downy mildew  
     
Peronosclerospora sacchari   
     
Peronosclerospora sorghi  sorghum downy mildew       
Phaeocytostroma ambiguum   
   Verrucalvaceae  
     Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae   
 Zygomycota  
 Zygomycetes  
  Mucorales  
   Mucoraceae       
Rhizopus maydis  rhizopus seed rot       
Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae   
     
Stenocarpella macrospora  dry rot       
Ustilago maydis  boil smut   
Bacterium     
   Pseudomonadaceae       
Acidovorax avenae subsp. 
avenae  bacterial blight  
   Corynebacteriaceae       
Clavibacter michiganensis 
subsp. nebraskensis  Goss' bacterial wilt  Import Health Standard : Seeds for Sowing     
 26/01/2017  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  139 of 139 
   Enterobacteriaceae       
Pantoea stewartii  Stewart's bacterial wilt   
Virus      
     
High plains virus   
   Potyviridae  
    Potyvirus       
Maize chlorotic mottle virus  MCMV       
Maize dwarf mosaic virus  MDMV       
Sugarcane mosaic virus  SCMV   
Weed      
                Angiospermae  
  Scrophulariales  
   Scrophulariaceae       
Striga asiatica  witch -weed       
Striga hermonthica  witch -weed