PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS xx:20xx
Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use
1Foreword1
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The Philippine National Standard (PNS) for the Dried Cassava Chips and Granules was established 3
and adopted last 2010 with the guidance of the Technical Working Group and comments from 4
stakeholders through a series of technical reviews and public consultations. 5
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In 2016,a call forthe revision of the PNS/BAFPS 29:2010 was made in order to account for recent 7
scientific and technological data from local and international studies on the specifications for 8
dried cassava chips, granules and grates derived from roots of cassava ( Manihot esculenta ). 9
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A Technical Working Group (TWG) for the revision of the said standard was created through 11
Special Order No. ____ Series of 2016 and spearheaded by the Department of Agriculture through12
the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS) with representation from other 13
government sector namely the Bureau of Plant Industry (BP I), Corn and Cassava Program, 14
National Food Authority (NFA), Philippine Center for Postharvest Developme nt and 15
Mechanization (PHilMech) and Albay Experiment Station, DA -Regional Field Office V and 16
academe through the Benguet State University (BSU) and Visayas State University (VSU). 17
During the series of technical reviews, the TWG assessed the need on the separation of the18
product standard of dried cassava for food from the product standard of dried cassava for feed19
and industrial use. Thus, the PNS/BAFPS 29:2010 resulted into two (2) different standards: (1) 20
Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use and (2) Dried cas sava chips and 21
grates for food.22
This Standard cancels and replaces the provisions recommend ed by PNS/BAFPS 29:2010 for the 23
purpose of feed and industrial usage . 24
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45PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS xx:20xx
Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use
21Scope 46
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This standard applies to dried cassava chips and granules, derived from roots of cassava 48
(Manihotesculenta ), intended for processing into feed and industrial raw materials. Further, this 49
standard specifies requirements for dried cassava chips ,and granules to fit for the intended 50
purpose.51
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2References 53
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The titles of the standards publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back55
cover.56
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3Definitions 58
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For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply: 60
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3.162
ash6364
soluble or insoluble residues obtained after 100%combustion of driedcassava chips or 65
granules66
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3.268
contaminants69
any unwanted materials found in the product whether organic or inorganic like dust, dirt, plastic, 70
stone, metals, and  other foreign matters in the processing of dried cassava chips and granules71
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3.2.1Physical 73
include dust, dirt, plastic, stone, metals, and other foreign matters found in dried 74
cassava chips and granules 75
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3.2.2Chemical 77
include residual pesticides and unintentional chemicals in the processing of dried 78
cassava chips and granules 79
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3.2.3Microbial 81
include spoilage and toxin -producing microorganism 82
3.383
crude fiber8485
residueremaining after digesting dried cassava chips or granules with acid and alkaline, and 86
which can be burnt87
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3.489
discoloration90
deviation from the normal color of the variety91
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3.59394
dried cassava chips95
dried cassava of irregular sizes and shapes, prepared by chipping and drying from fresh and clean 96
cassava roots97PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS xx:20xx
Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use
33.69899
dried cassava granules100
dried cassava of varying sizes, smaller than chips, prepared by granulating  fresh and clean101
cassava roots or dried cassava chips 102
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3.7104105
hydrocyanic acid106
total hydrocyanic acid which includes the hydrocyanic acid which maybe enzymatically released 107
from a cyanogenic glycoside as well as any free or unbound hydrocyanic acid in cassava,108
expressed as milligrams of hydrocyanic acid per kilogram of cassava by -products (mg/kg) 109
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3.8 111
sand112
unconsolidated granular material consisting of mineral, rock or biological fragments between 113
63 micrometers and 2mm in diameter114
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4       Essential composition and quality factors116
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4.1General 118
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4.1.1Dried cassava chips and granules should be free from contaminants and suitable for the 120
specific purpose. 121
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4.1.2Dried cassava chips and granules for feeds sh ouldbedevoid of unpleasant odor and 123
within the acceptable range of discoloration . 124
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4.2Specific 126
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4.2.1Dried cassava chips and granules shall conform to the requirements specified inTable 1. 128
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Table 1–Dried cassava chips and granules property requirements 130
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PropertiesSpecification
For feed For other industrial use
Maximum Hydrocyanic
acid (HCN), dry weight
basis25 mg/kg 100 mg/kg
Minimum starch 70  % 70%
Maximum ash 3% 3%
Maximum sand 3% 3%
Maximum crude fiber 5  % 5%
Maximum moisture content 14 % 14%
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4.2.2Level of discoloration for dried cassava chips and granules shall not exceed 50% by weight 133
(refer to Annex A for list of recommended cassava varieties). 134
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4.2.3Dried cassava chips shall be 0.75 cm -1.50 cm in thickness. 136
137PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS xx:20xx
Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use
44.2.3Dried cassava granules shall be 0. 5by 1.0 by 1.0cmas average dimension . 138
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5Contaminants 140
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5.1Heavy metals 142
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Dried cassava chips and granules shall comply with the heavy metal limits established by Codex 144
Alimentarius Commission for roots and tubers (Codex STAN 193 -1995). 145
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5.2Pesticide residues 147
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Dried cassava chips and granules shall comply with those maximum residue limits established by149
the Codex Alimentarius Commission for this commodity.150
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5.3Mycotoxins 152
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Dried cassava chips and granules shall comply with those mycotoxin limits established by the154
Codex Alimentarius Commission for this commodity.155
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6Hygiene 157
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6.1It is recommended that the product covered by the provisions of this standard, 159
intended for feed, be prepared and handled in accordance with the appropriate 160
sections of Codes of Practice recomme nded by the Codex Alimentarius Commission 161
which are relevant to this product . 162
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7Packagin g 164
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7.1Dried cassava chips and granules shall be packed in polypropylene (PP),laminated sacks 166
or any suitable packaging mate rials which are safe, clean and suitable for their intended 167
use; and should no t impart any toxic substance or undesirable odor to the product. 168
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7.2When the product is packaged in polypropylene (PP) or laminated sacks, these 170
must be durable and properly sewn or sealed. 171
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8Labelling 173
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Information on the label shall include the following:175
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8.1Nature of Product 177
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Name of the product and variety (optional) 179
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8.2 Origin of the Product181
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Name and address of the producer and/or packer183
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186PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS xx:20xx
Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use
58.3 Commercial identification187
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Net weight, packing date and lot identification189
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9Methods of analysis 191
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9.1Crude fiber 193
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ISO 5498 (1981) –Determination of Crude Fiber Content -B.S. Separation by filtration through 195
filter paper –General Method. 196
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9.2Ash and sand 198
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ISO 2171 (2007) –Cereals, Pulses and By Products –Determination of Ash by Incineration 200
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9.3Starch content 202
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European Economic Community Polarimetric (EEC) Method. 204
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9.4  Hydrocyanic acid content206
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CentroInternacional de  Agricultura  Tropical (CIAT) Rapid Picrate Assay Method. 208
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Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use
6Annex A 247
List of Recommended Cassava Varieties 248
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Table A.1 List of National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) Registered Cassava 250
Varieties 251
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Variety Potential Starch Dry Matter HCN Content
Yield Content Content (%)
(MT/ha) (%)
UPL-Ca1 (Datu 1) 30-40 21.4 33.8 Moderate
UPL-Ca2 (Lakan 1) 35-45 25.0 36.4 Low
UPL-Ca3 (Sultan 1) 40-50 20.9 33.5 Moderate
UPL-Ca4 (Vassorinha) 25-35 21.4 33.8 Moderate
UPL-Ca5 (Sultan 2) 25-35 21.1 33.6 High
VC-1 (CMC-323-52) 40.8 21.4 33.8 Moderate
VC-2 (CMC-40) 40.2 20.3 33.0 Low
VC-3 (CM-3590-1) 30.0 20.9 33.5 Moderate
PSB Cv-9 (CM-4014) 32.9 21.4 33.8 Moderate
PSB Cv-10 (Mcol 1684) 41.5 21.1 33.5 High
PSB Cv-11 (Lakan 2) 25.0 21.8 34.1 Low
PSB Cv-12 (Lakan 3) 24.1 21.5 33.9 Low
PSB Cv-13 (CMP 62 -15) 26.4 22.8 34.8 Low
PSB Cv-14 (CMP 21 -15) 29.4 20.3 33.4 Moderate
PSB Cv-15 (Lakan 4) 24.0 21.9 34.2 Low
PSB Cv-16 (CMP 32 -10) 33.6 20.8 33.4 Low
PSB Cv-17 (Sultan 3) 39.3 18.9 32.0 Moderate
PSB Cv-18 (Sultan 4) 39.0 19.6 32.5 Moderate
PSB Cv-19 (SM 803 -1) 32.3 22.9 34.9 Moderate
PSB Cv-20 (Sultan 5) 35.3 23.4 35.3 Moderate
NSIC Cv-21 (SM 818 -1) 28.2 27.6 38.4 Moderate
NSIC Cv-22 (KU 50) 31.3 27.0 38.0 Moderate
NSIC Cv-23 (QMR 33 -12-3) 26.1 28.5 38.9 Moderate
NSIC Cv-24 (QMR 33 -12-7) 24.1 27.2 38.0 Moderate
NSIC Cv-25 (Sultan 6) 40.7 26.8 37.6 Moderate
NSIC Cv-26 (Sultan 7) 30.5 23.0 35.0 Moderate
NSIC Cv-27 (Datu 2) 30.7 22.8 34.8 Moderate
NSIC Cv-28 (QMR 36-05-59) 36.9 27.6 38.3 Low
NSIC Cv-29 (Rajah 1) 29.1 30.1 40.1 Low
NSIC Cv-30 (Rayong 5) 32.4 29.4 40.1 Low
NSIC Cv-31 (Rajah 2) 32.4 29.4 40.1 Low
NSIC Cv-32 (CM 9165 -17) 30.9 29.6 39.3 Low
NSIC Cv-33 (Sultan 8) 31.4 39.1 38.0 Moderate
253PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS xx:20xx
Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use
7NSIC Cv-34 (CM 9175 -25) 37.2 30.6 40.4 Moderate
NSICCv-35 (CMR 37 -24-1) 31.5 32.8 42.9 Moderate
NSIC Cv-36 (CMR 36 -62-03) 42.3 29.1 39.0 Moderate
NSIC Cv-37 (Sultan 9) 31.5 27.5 41.2 Moderate
NSIC Cv-38 (SM 2065 -2) 34.0 28.2 38.5 Moderate
NSIC Cv-39 (Rajah 3) 32.3 27.8 39.2 Low
NSIC Cv-40 (Sultan 10) 37.0 27.1 37.9 Moderate
NSIC Cv-41 (Sultan 11) 35.4 29.2 39.2 Moderate
NSIC Cv-42 (Rajah 4) 33.4 28.1 38.5 Low
NSIC Cv-43 (LSU-Cv21) 38.2 26.9 39.8 Moderate
NSIC Cv-44 (LSU-Cv22) 29.7 28.6 41.4 Moderate
NSIC Cv-45(LSU-Cv23) 29.5 30.1 43.6 Moderate
NSIC Cv-46(VSU Cv-24) 42.8 26.4 39.5 Moderate
NSIC Cv-47(Sultan 12) 40.0 25.5 39.6 Moderate
NSIC Cv-48(Rayong 72) 31.5 30.2 39.6 Moderate
Source: Bureau of Plant Industry –National Seed Industry Council 254
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Annex B 256
Cyanogen Content Modified Scoring System 257
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Table B.2-Modified Scoring System for Total Cyanogens by the Philippine Root 259
Crops Research and Training Center, Visca, Baybay City 260
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Cyanogen content Score Total cyanogens
(mg/kg) as HCN, fwb)
Low 1-4 0-40
Moderate 5-7 >40-115
High 8-9 >115
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Dried cassava chips and granules for feed and industrial use
8References288
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The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this290
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the 291
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.292
293
African Organization for Standardization. 2012. ARS 839: Dried Cassava Chips294
Specification. 295
296
African Organization for Standard ization. 2012. ARS 840:  High quality cassava flour – 297
Specification. 298
299
Cagampanng, G.F. and F.M. Rodriguez (1980) Methods of analysis for screening crops of 300
appropriate qualities, pp. 33 -35, IPB Bulletin No. 2, U niversity of the Philippines at 301
Los Banos, College, Laguna. 302
303
Cassava Research and Development in Asia: Exploring New Opportunities for an Ancient304
Crop. 2007. Centro International Centre Internacional de Agricultura Tropical 305
(CIAT). Accessed on July 16, 2016 306
307
Codex Standard for Edible Cassava Flour (Codex STAN 176 -1989, Rev 1 -1995). 308
309
Codex Standard for Sweet Cassava (Codex STAN 238 -2003, Amd. 1 -2005). 310
311
CX/CF 09/3/11. Codex Alimentarius Commission. De cember 2008. Joint FAO/WHO Food 312
Standards Programme Codex Committee on Contaminant s in Foods Discussio n 313
Paper on Cyanogenic Glycosides. 314
315
Data, E.S. and J.J.A Operario. 1989. Changes in Chemical Constituents During Processing 316
and  Storage.  The  Philippine  Journal  of  Crop  Science.  14:Ref. Supplement, May 317
1989 S-28. UPLB, College Laguna. 318
319
Dried Cassava and Its Byproducts. Centre Internacional de Agricultur aTropical (CIAT). 320
http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/agroempresas/sistema_yuca/english/driedcassava 321
Accessed on January 25, 2008. 322
323
Food Standards Australia New Zealand Proposal P1002 H ydrocyanic Acid in Ready -to-Eat 324
Cassava Chips Approval Report. 15 September 2008. 325
326
Ingram, J.S. 1975. Standards Specification and Quality Re quirement for Processed Cassava 327
Products. TPI Grays Inn Road London. 328
329
Proposed Draft Codex Standard for Bitter Cassava (At Step 5), ALINORM 07/30/35.330
Sajise, Crisanta Eres. Post Production Aflatoxin Contamination in Cassava ( Manihot 331
esculenta Crantz) in the Philippines. University o f thePhilippines at Los Baños, 332
April,1985. pp. xii -xiii. 333
334
San Miguel Corporation (SMC) Cassava Production Recommended Practices. 2005.335
336
Thai Industrial Standard for Tapioca Products. TIS 52 -2516 (1973). 337
338