PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS EAS 426-1 
First  Edition  
2016-mm-dd 
 
 Reference number  
DUS EAS 426-1: 2006 
© UNBS 201 6 
  
Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete products — Part 1: 
Specification for unreinforced and reinforced concrete pipes 
(including jacking pipes) and fittings with flexible joints  
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS EAS 426-1: 2006 
ii                © UNBS  2016  - All rights reserved 
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2016 
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to 
The Executive Director 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
P.O. Box 6329 
Kampala 
Uganda 
Tel: 256 417 333 2 50/1/2/3 
Fax: 256 414 286 123 
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS EAS 426-1:2006 
© UNBS  2016 - All rights reserved                iii National foreword 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended.  UNBS is mandated to co-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). 
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders. 
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
This Draft Uganda Standard, DUS EAS 426-1: 2006 , Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete products — Part 
1: Specification for unreinforced and reinforced concrete pipes (including jacking pipes) and fittings with 
flexible joints,  is identical with  and has been reproduced from an East African Standard, EAS 426-1 : 2006, 
Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete products — Part 1: Specification for unreinforced and reinforced 
concrete pipes (including jacking pipes) and fittings with flexible joints,  and is being proposed for adoption as a 
Uganda Standard. 
This standard was developed by the Building and civil engineering Standards Technical Committee (UNBS/TC 
3). 
Wherever the words, “ East African Standard" appear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard." 
 
  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006 
ICS 91.140.80  
HS 6810.20.00 
HS 6810.91.00 
 
© EAC 2006 First Edition 2006 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
EAST AFRICAN STANDARD 
 
Concrete pipes and ancillar y concrete products — 
Part 1:  
Specification for unreinforced and reinforced concrete pipes 
(including jacking pipes) and fitting s with flexible joints 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
ii © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  
Table of contents 
 
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................ ..................1 
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................ ...........2 
4 Symbols...................................................................................................................... .................3 
5 General requirements ......................................................................................................... .........3 
5.1 Application................................................................................................................ ...........3 
5.2 Concrete (4.2) ............................................................................................................. ........3 
5.3 Finish (4.3.2) ............................................................................................................. ..........5 
5.4 Geometrical characteristics (4.3.3). .....................................................................................6 
5.5 Durability of joints (4.3.4.2).... ......................................................................................... .....8 
5.6 Crushing strength (4.3.5).................................................................................................. ...8 
5.7 Lifting anchorages......................................................................................................... ....10 
5.8 Bends (4.3.3.3)............................................................................................................ ......10 
6 Special requirements ......................................................................................................... ........11 
6.1 Reinforced concrete units.................................................................................................. 11 
7 Conformity evaluation ........................................................................................................ ........11 
7.1 Application................................................................................................................ .........11 
7.2 Finish ..................................................................................................................... ...........11 
7.3 Geometrical characteristics ...............................................................................................1 1 
7.4 Lifting anchorages......................................................................................................... ....11 
8 Marking...................................................................................................................... ................11 
Annex A (informative) Information to be supplied in an enquiry or order ............................................12 
Annex B (normative) British Standards relevant to EAS 419 ..............................................................13 
Annex C (normative) Surface finish tests....................................................................................... .....14 
Annex D (normative) Dimensional tests ...... .................................................................................... ...16 
Annex E (normative) Lifting anchorage pull-o ut test ...........................................................................2 0 
Bibliography ................................................................................................................... ....................21 
 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved iii  
Foreword 
 
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements governing quality of products and services in East Africa. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers which are encountered when goods and services are 
exchanged within the Community will be removed.   
In order to achieve this objective, the Partner States in the Community through their National Bureaux 
of Standards, have established an East African Standards Committee.  
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards B odies in Partner States, 
together with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East 
African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner 
States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures of the Community.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the 
East African Standards are therefore expected to ensu re that they always have the latest versions of 
the standards they are implementing.  
 
© East African Community 2006 — All rights reserved
* 
East African Community  P O Box 1096  
Arusha 
 
Tanzania  
Tel: 255 27 2504253/8 
Fax: 255-27-2504481/2504255 
E-Mail: eac@eachq.org  
Web: www.each.org 
 
[Based on BS 5911-1:2002] 
 
 
  
 
                                                 
* © 2005 EAC — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for EAC Partner States’ NSBs.  
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTPUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  1  
Concrete pipes and ancillar y concrete products — 
Part 1:  
Specification for unreinforced and reinforced concrete pipes 
(including jacking pipes) and fitting s with flexible joints 
 
 
1 Scope  
 
EAS 419 specifies requirements and describes test methods for precast concrete pipes and fittings, 
unreinforced, steel fibre and reinforced, with flexible joints and nominal sizes not exceeding DN 1750 
or WN/HN 1200/1800, for which the main intended use is the conveyance of sewage, rainwater and surface water under gravity or occasionally at low head of pressure in pipelines that are generally 
buried. The scope includes pipes (collectively referred to as “jacking pipes”) intended to be installed 
by pipe jacking, microtunnelling or other trenchless technology.  
This part of EAS 426 specifies complementary requirements to those in EAS 419 for unreinforced and 
reinforced concrete pipes and fittings, as provided for in that European Standard, with nominal sizes not exceeding DN 1500 for circular pipes with base and WN/HN 800/1200 for egg-shaped pipes. Full 
requirements for reinforced concrete circular trench and jacking pipes with nominal sizes greater than 
DN 1750, but not exceeding DN 3000, are also specified.  
In addition to pipes and fittings having a circular cross-section, EAS 419 also covers circular pipes 
with base and egg-shaped pipes.   
2 Normative references 
 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies. 
 BS 146 , Specification for blastfurnace cements with strength properties outside the scope of EAS 18-
1 
 
BS 3123 , Specification for spring calipers and spring dividers 
 BS 3892-1 , Pulverized-fuel ash — Part 1: Specification for pulverized-fuel ash for use with Portland 
cement 
 
BS 4027 , Specification for sulfate-resisting Portland cement 
 
BS 4035 , Specification for linear measuring instruments for use on building and civil engineering 
constructional works — Steel measuring tapes, steel bands and retractable steel pocket rules  
BS 4449 , Specification for carbon steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete 
 BS 4482 , Specification for cold reduced steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete 
 
BS 4483 , Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete 
 
BS 4484-1 , Specification for measuring instruments for constructional works — Part 1: Metric 
graduation and figuring of instruments for linear measurement 
 
BS 4921:1998 , Specification for sherardized coatings on iron or steel 
 
BS 4994 , Specification for design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics 
 EAST AFRICAN STANDARD PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
2 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved BS 5204-1 , Specification for straightedges — Part 1: Cast iron straightedges (bow shaped and I-
section) 
 
BS 5204-2 , Specification for straightedges — Part 2: St eel or granite straightedges of rectangular 
section 
 
BS 5480 , Specification for glass reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes, joints and fittings for use for water 
supply or sewerage 
 
BS 6699 , Specification for ground granulated blastfurnace slag for use with Portland cement 
 
EAS 18-1 , Cement — Part 1: Composition, specificatio ns and conformity criteria for common cements 
 
BS EN 681-1 , Elastomeric seals — Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and 
drainage applications — Part 1: Vulcanized rubber 
 
BS EN 934-2 , Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures — 
Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling 
 
BS EN 1008 , Mixing water for concrete — Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the 
suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing 
water for concrete.  
 BS EN 1011-2 , Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Arc welding 
of ferritic steels 
 
BS EN 1011-3 , Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Arc welding 
of stainless steels 
 
EAS 419 , Concrete pipes and fittings, unreinforced, steel fibre and reinforced 
 
BS EN 10025:1993 , Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Technical delivery conditions. 
 
BS EN 10088-2:1995 , Stainless steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and 
strip for general purposes 
 
EAS 180 , Aggregates for concrete  
 
ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles — Specifications and test 
methods 
 
3 Terms and definitions 
 
For the purposes of this part of EAS 426, the terms and definitions given in EAS 419 and the following apply. 
 
3.1 cementitious content 
amount of cement plus any pozzolanic or latent hydraulic addition in the concrete mix 
 
3.2 
circular unit circular pipe (including a jacking pipe) or fitting for use with such a pipe 
 
3.3 
circular pipe with base circular pipe strengthened on the outside at the base 
 
3.4 
egg-shaped 
geometric form as typically shown in Figure 1 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  3  
 
 
Figure 1 — Typical geometric form for an egg-shaped bore 
 
3.5 
lifting anchorage device cast within the wall of a unit to facilitate lifting 
 
3.6 
manufacturing diameter 
diameter of a circular unit that a manufacturer seeks to achieve 
 
4 Symbols 
 
The meanings of symbols used in this part of EAS 426 shall be as given in Table 1 below, together 
with those in Table 2 of EAS 419. 
 
Table 1 — Symbols 
 
Symbol Meaning Unit Reference 
spp  Deviation of spigot end mm D.5.1.3 
sop  Deviation of spigot end mm D.5.1.3 
sh Height of studs on straightness gauge mm D.4.2 
'l Internal barrel length minus 0.1 m m D.4.2 
y xl l, Opposite measured internal barrel lengths mm D.5.1.3 
y xc c, Opposite measured internal diagonals mm D.5.1.3 
 
5 General requirements 
 
NOTE The numbers in brackets after subclause headings are the corresponding subclause numbers in EAS 419. 
 
5.1 Application 
 
For pipes and fittings with nominal sizes not exceeding DN 1750 or WN/HN 800/1200 the 
requirements of this part of EAS 426 shall be in addition to those specified in EAS 419 and for the 
purposes of the latter the reference specifications shall be those listed in Annex B of this Standard. For reinforced concrete circular trench and jacking pipes with nominal sizes greater than DN 1750 the requirements of EAS 419 shall also apply, except as otherwise required by, or stated in, this part of 
EAS 426. 
 
5.2 Concrete (4.2) 
 
5.2.1 Composition 
 
5.2.1.1 Types of cement 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
4 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved The cement (see EAS 419, 4.1) shall either: 
 
a) be factory-produced by the cement manufacturer and conform to one of the following Standards as 
appropriate: 
 
Type of cement Standard 
CEM I  EAS 18-1 
CEM II/B-V  EAS 18-1 BIII/B  BS 146 
sulfate-resisting Portland  BS 4027; or 
 
b) consist of a combination of cement conforming  to CEM I as specified in EAS 18-1 and an addition 
in the form of ground granulated blastfurnace slag (ggbs) or pulverized-fuel ash (pfa) in the 
proportions specified in 5.2.1.2 , to be included as part of the concrete mix by simultaneously 
combining them with the other concrete materials at the concrete mixer. 
 
In all cases where combinations of cement conforming to CEM I as specified in EAS 18-1 and ggbs or pfa are used, the relevant proportion of ggbs or pfa shall be fully documented in the production 
records.  
5.2.1.2 Cementitious content 
 
The fully compacted concrete shall have a minimum cementitious content of not less than the relevant 
amount shown in Table 2. The composition/specificat ion of cement groups shall be as shown in Table 
3.  
Table 2 — Cementitious content
a 
 
Class b  Aggregate carbonate 
range c Cement or combination group Minimum cement or combination content kg/m
3 Maximum w/c ratio 
DC-2  A, B, C  1, 2, 3  340  0.45 
A  2a  400  0.40 
A  2b, 3  380  0.45 DC-3  
B, C  2, 3  340  0.45 
DC-3*  B  2, 3  380  0.45 
DC-3* *  C  2, 3  380  0.45 
A  2a  400  0.35 
A  2b, 3  400  0.40 
A  2, 3  380  0.33 
B, C  2, 3  380  0.45 DC-4  
B, C  2, 3  360  0.40 
B  2, 3  380  0.33 DC-4*  
B  2, 3  400  0.40 
C  2, 3  380  0.33 DC-4* *  
C  2, 3  400  0.40 
A  2b, 3  380  0.33 
A  2b, 3  400  0.40 
B  3  400  0.40 
B, C  3  360  0.40 DC-4m  
B, C  3  380  0.45 
DC-4m*  B  3  380  0.33 
C  3 380 0.33 DC-4m* *  
C  3  400  0.40 
a The table is consistent with the provisions of BS 8500-1:2002 and BRE Special Digest 1 [1] insofar as they relate to 
precast concrete pipeline systems, except that the maximum water/cement (w/c) ratio is limited to 0.45 in accordance with 
EAS 419, 4.2.3.2 . 
b The class designations are those for design chemical class (DC-class) in EAS 417-1, Table A.15. Where there is more 
than one option in a class the choice is at the manufacturer’s discretion. 
c See BRE Special Digest 1 - Part 4, Table 4. 
 
 
Table 3 — Cement or combination groupsa 
 
Type (see 5.2.1.1 ) Designation Standard  Grouping with 
respect to 
sulfate 
resistance PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  5 Portland cement CEM I EAS 18-1  1 
Portland fly ash cements CEM II/B-Vb EAS 18-1 2ac 
Sulfate-resisting Portland cement SRPC BS 4027  3 
Blastfurnace slag cementse BIII/Bd BS 146  2be 
Combinations conforming to EAS 417-2, Annex A 
manufactured in the concrete mixer from Portland cement 
and pfa or ggbs:     
CEM I cement conforming to EAS 18-1 with a mass fraction 
of 6 % to 20 % of combination of pfa conforming to BS 
3892-1 CIIA-V  EAS 417-2  1 
CEM I cement conforming to EAS 18-1 with a mass fraction 
of 21 % to 35 % of combination of pfa conforming to BS 
3892-1 CIIB-Vb EAS 417-2  2ac 
CEM I cement conforming to EAS 18-1 with a mass fraction 
of 36 % to 55 % of combination of pfa conforming to BS 
3892-1 CIVB-Vb EAS 417-2  2af 
CEM I cement conforming to EAS 18-1 with a mass fraction 
of 6 % to 35 % of combination of ggbs conforming to BS 
6699 CII-Sg EAS 417-2  1 
CEM I cement conforming to EAS 18-1 with a mass fraction 
of 36 % to 65 % of combination of ggbs conforming to BS 
6699 CIIIA EAS 417-2  1 
CEM I cement conforming to EAS 18-1 with a mass fraction 
of 66 % to 80 %e of combination of ggbs conforming to BS 
6699 CIIIBd EAS 417-2 2be 
a The table is consistent with BS 8500-1:2002, Table A.17 and EAS 417-2, Table 1. 
b Where the proportions for sulfate resistance are required, i.e. not less than 25 % and not more than 40 % pfa, add to the 
 abbreviation “+SR”. 
c Provided the pfa content is a mass fraction of not less than 25 % of cement or combination. Where it is less than 25 %, 
 the cement of combination falls within group 1. 
d Where the proportions for sulfate resistance are required (see e), add to the abbreviation “+SR”. 
e Where the alumina content of the slag exceeds 14 %, the tricalcium aluminate content of the Portland cement fraction 
 should not exceed 10 %. Where this is not the case, the grouping with respect to sulfate resistance is “1”. 
f Provided the pfa content is a mass fraction of not more than 40 % of cement or combination. Where it exceeds 40 %, no 
 guidance is provided. 
g Where necessary, this class can be subdivided into CIIA-S (6 % to 20 % ggbs) and CIIB-S (20 % to 35 % ggbs). 
 
5.3 Finish (4.3.2) 
 
5.3.1 Surface evenness 
 
When tested in accordance with C.1 the internal surface of a unit shall not have irregularities that 
cause the central portion of the gauge to touch the unit. 
 
NOTE For units of the smaller nominal sizes, it may prove impracticable to test the central portion of the unit. 
 5.3.2 Surface voids 
 
When tested in accordance with C.2 surfaces of units shall be free from voids that permit diametrically 
opposite points of the rim of the gauge to touch the surface of the unit simultaneously. 
 
Units exhibiting any surface void greater than 12 mm deep shall be deemed not to conform to this part 
of EAS 426. 
 
NOTE Voids up to and including 12 mm deep may be made good by the manufacturer — see EAS 419, 4.3.2 . PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
6 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  
5.4 Geometrical characteristics (4.3.3) 
 
5.4.1 General 
 
Subject to the requirements of this clause, the internal and external dimensions and wall thickness of 
units, and the configuration of bends, shall conform to those stated in the factory documents. 
 
5.4.2 Nominal sizes 
 
NOTE Nominal size is defined in EAS 419, 3.1.16 as a numerical designation of the size of a unit, which is a convenient 
integer approximately equal to the manufacturing dimension in millimetres; for a circular unit it is the internal diameter (DN) , and 
for a unit with an egg-shaped bore it is the internal width/height (WN/HN). 
 
The nominal sizes of circular units and circular units with base, for use in trench construction, shall be 
those given in Table 4. 
 
The nominal sizes of egg-shaped units shall be those given in Table 5. 
 
The nominal sizes of jacking pipes shall be either: 
 
a) those given in Table 6; or 
 
b) other nominal sizes halfway between the sizes given in Table 6 with the proviso that the limits on 
internal manufacturing diameter shall be those for the next higher nominal size given in Table 6. 
 
5.4.3 Internal dimensions of egg-shaped units 
 
The internal width/height of egg-shaped units shall be as given in Table 5. 
 
5.4.4 Manufacturing diameters of jacking pipes 
 
The manufacturer shall make available, at the enquiry stage, information on the internal and external manufacturing diameters of jacking pipes that can be supplied (see Annex A). 
 
The internal manufacturing diameters of jacking pipes shall be not outside the limits given in Table 6. 
 
The external manufacturing diameters of jacking pipes shall be stated in the factory documents. 
 
Table 4 — Nominal sizes and tolerances of units with a circular bore, for use in a trench 
 
Nominal size [ DN] Tolerance on actual diameter from nominal size  [mm] 
225  ±5 
300  ±5 
375*  ±5 
400  ±5 
450*  ±5 
500  ±6 
525*  ±6 
600  ±6 
675*  ±6 
700  ±7 
750*  ±7 
800  ±7 
825*  ±7 
900*  ±8 
1000  ±8 
1050*  ±8 
1200  ±9 
1350*  ±10 
1400  ±10 
1500*  ±11 
1600  ±11 
1800  ±12 
2000  ±13 
2100*  ±14 
2200  ±14 
2400*  ±15 
2500  ±15 
2800  ±15 
3000  ±15 
NOTE Classic sizes, denoted by an asterisk, will be phased out if called for by further European harmonization. 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  7  
Table 5 — Nominal sizes and tolerances of egg-shaped units 
 
Nominal size [WH/HN] Tolerance on actual width/height from nominal size [mm] 
250/375  ±5 
300/450  ±5 
400/600  ±5 
500/750  ±6 
600/900  ±6 
700/1050  ±7 
800/1200  ±7 
 
Table 6 — Nominal sizes, internal manufacturing diameter and tolerances of jacking pipes 
 
Limits of internal manufacturing 
diameter 
mm Tolerance on actual diameter from 
manufacturer’s stated diameter a 
mm Nominal size  
 
DN 
Minimum  Maximum  Internal  External  
450  440  460  ±5  ±4 
500  490  525  ±6  ±4 
600  580  610  ±6  ±4 
700  675  720  ±7  ±4 
800  770  825  ±7  ±4 
900  875  950  ±8  ±4 
1000  980  1 070  ±8  ±5 
1200  1 180  1 220  ±9  ±5 
1400  1 350  1 420  ±10  ±5 
1500  1 470  1 530  ±11  ±5 
1600  1 580  1 675  ±11  ±6 
1800  1 780  1 830  ±12  ±6 
2000  1 950  2 135  ±13  ±6 
2200  2 170  2 250  ±14  ±7 
2500  2 375  2 550  ±15  ±7 
2800  2 680  2 850  ±15  ±7 
3000  2 965  3 050  ±15  ±7 
NOTE The values of certain limits of internal manufacturing diameter have been chosen to allow for utilization of existing 
manufacturing equipment during transition to a rationalized metric range of nominal sizes and also to suit the installation 
equipment, which controls the external diameter of jacking pipes.  
a See 3.6 . 
 
5.4.5 Dimensional tolerances 
 5.4.5.1 Tolerances on the internal diameter of uni ts with a circular bore, for use in a trench 
 The tolerances on the internal manufactured diameter of units with a circular bore, for use in a trench, 
shall be ±5 mm for nominal sizes up to and including DN 300 and ±(3 + 0.005DN) mm for larger nominal sizes (rounded to the nearest millimetre), limited to ±15 mm (see Table 4). No individual measurement, measured in accordance with D.2, shall be outside the specified limits. 
 5.4.5.2 Tolerances on the internal width/height of egg-shaped units 
 
The tolerances on the internal width/height of egg-s haped units shall be ±5 mm for nominal widths up 
to and including WN 300 and ±(3 + 0.005WN) mm for larger nominal widths (rounded to the nearest millimetre) (see Table 5). No individual measurement, measured in accordance with D.2, shall be 
outside the specified limits. 
 
5.4.5.3 Tolerances on the intern al diameter of jacking pipes 
 
The tolerances on the internal manufactured diameter of jacking pipes shall be ±(3 + 0.005DN) mm 
(rounded to the nearest millimetre), limited to ±15 mm (see Table 6). No individual measurement, 
measured in accordance with D.2, shall be outside the specified limits. 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
8 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved 5.4.5.4 Tolerances on the external diameter of jacking pipes 
 
The tolerances on the external manufactured diameter  of the barrel of a jacking pipe shall be as given 
in Table 6. No individual measurement, measured in accordance with D.3, shall be outside the 
specified limits.  
5.4.5.5 Tolerance on the wall thickness  
Any value of wall thickness measured in accordance with D.4 shall be not less than the value stated 
in the factory documents. 
 
5.4.5.6 Deviation from straightness 
 
When measured in accordance with D.5, for the internal straightness of a straight unit (and for jacking 
pipes, the external straightness) both ends of the gauge shall not make contact with the surface of the 
unit when using Edge X and the two studs shall be in contact simultaneously when using Edge Y. 
 
NOTE See Figure D.1. 
 
5.4.5.7 Tolerance on the internal barrel length of jacking pipes  
When evaluated in accordance with D.5.1 the tolerance on the mean internal barrel length of jacking 
pipes up to a nominal size of DN 800 shall be ±10 mm. For pipes with a larger nominal size the 
tolerances on the internal barrel length shall be mm. Where pipes are designed for use with a method of installation that requires tighter manufacturing tolerances, these shall be stated in the factory 
documents and inspection procedures shall provide for the selection and marking of groups of pipes 
for delivery to a specific contract. 
 
5.4.5.8 Squareness of ends  
Units shall be capable of being jointed with their axes coincident within the deflection limit specified in EAS 419, E.5.2 ; for circular units this requirement shall apply in any orientation. 
 
NOTE Squareness of ends of trench units is significant only to the extent that it relates to the performance of the joint 
assembly. 
 
When evaluated in accordance with D.5.1 and D.5.2 the ends of a jacking pipe shall conform to the 
requirements of Table 7 for squareness across a diameter and wall thickness. 
 
Table 7 — Tolerances on the squareness of ends of jacking pipes 
 
Nominal size  
DN  Maximum deviation across a diameter  
mm  Maximum deviation across wall 
thickness  
mm 
DN ≤ 900  3  2 
900 < DN ≤ 1500  3.5  3 
1500 < DN ≤ 2100  5  4 
2100 < DN ≤ 3000  6  5 
 
5.5 Durability of joints (4.3.4.2) 
 
The durability of joints shall be demo nstrated in accordance with EAS 419, 4.3.4.2 Method 1. 
 
5.6 Crushing strength (4.3.5) 
 
5.6.1 Strength classes and minimum crushing loads of units for trench use 
 
NOTE Strength class is defined in EAS 419, 3.1.19 as the minimum crushing load in kilonewtons per metre, divided by one 
thousandth of either a unit’s nominal size (DN) or nominal width (WN). 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  9 Units with a circular bore for trench use shall be strength class 120 with corresponding minimum 
crushing loads in accordance with Table 8. 
 
Egg-shaped units shall be strength class 150 with corresponding minimum crushing loads in 
accordance with Table 9.  
Units of other crushing strength shall be permitted only if their special strength class is separated by 
at least 20 % of the next lower value and that they conform to EAS 419 and this part of EAS 426 in all other respects. Minimum crushing loads corresponding to special strength classes shall be rounded 
up to the nearest kilonewton per metre (kN/m). 
 
5.6.2 Strength classes and minimum crushing loads of jacking pipes 
 
Jacking pipes shall be strength class 120 with corresponding minimum crushing loads in accordance 
with Table 10.  
Pipes of other crushing strength shall be permitted only if their special strength class is separated by 
at least 20 % of the next lower value and that they conform to EAS 419 and this part of EAS 426 in all other respects. Minimum crushing loads corresponding to special strength classes shall be rounded 
up to the nearest kilonewton per metre (kN/m). 
 
Table 8 — Minimum crushing loads for strength class 120 units with a circular bore for use in a 
trench 
 
Nominal size 
DN Minimum crushing load, Fn 
kN/m 
225  27 
300  36 
375*  45 
400  48 
450*  54 
500  60 
525*  63 
600  72 
675*  81 
700  84 
750*  90 
800  96 
825*  99 
900*  108 
1000  120 
1050*  126 
1200  144 
1350*  162 
1400  168 
1500*  180 
1600  192 
1800  216 
2000  240 
2100*  252 
2200  264 
2400*  288 
2500  300 
2800  336 
3000  360 
NOTE 1 Classic sizes, denoted by an asterisk, will be phased out if called for by further European harmonization. 
 NOTE 2 Sizes DN 225 to DN 600 inclusive are normally only manufactured unreinforced in the United Kingdom. 
 
NOTE 3 Sizes DN 1000 and above are normally only manufactured reinforced in the United Kingdom.  NOTE 4 Table NA.5 of BS EN 1295-1:1998 recommends that the minimum value of safety factor for the structural design of reinforced pipelines should be increased from the normal 1.25 to 1.5 if, as is the case of EAS 419, the proof load is 67 % of the minimum crushing load.
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10 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  
Table 9 — Minimum crushing loads for strength class 150 egg-shaped units 
 
Nominal size 
WN/LN  Minimum crushing load, Fn 
(rounded up to nearest kN/m) 
250/375  38 
300/450  45 
400/600  60 
500/750  75 
600/900  90 
700/1050  105 
800/1200  120 
NOTE Table NA.5 of BS EN 1295-1:1998 recommends that the minimum value of safety factor for the structural 
design of reinforced pipelines should be increased from the normal 1.25 to 1.5 if, as is the case of EAS 419, the proof load is 67 % of the minimum crushing load. 
 
Table 10 — Minimum crushing loads for strength class 120 jacking pipes 
 
Nominal size 
DN Minimum crushing load, Fn 
kN/m 
450  54 
500  60 
600  72 
700  84 
800  96 
900  108 
1000  120 
1200  144 
1400  168 
1500  180 
1600  192 
1800  216 
2000  240 
2200  264 
2500  300 
2800  336 
3000  360 
NOTE Table NA.5 of BS EN 1295-1:1998 recommends that the minimum value of safety factor for the structural 
design of reinforced pipelines should be increased from the normal 1.25 to 1.5 if, as is the case of EAS 419, the proof 
load is 67 % of the minimum crushing load.  
 
5.7 Lifting anchorages 
 
A lifting anchorage shall be safe and fit for purpose as demonstrated in accordance with Annex E by 
the application of a test load equal to 2.5 times th e maximum weight of the unit for which that lifting 
anchorage was designed to be used. 
 
Lifting anchorages shall be manufactured from steel conforming to BS EN 10025:1993, Grade 52.3 
and have either a sherardized or galvanized coating in accordance with BS 4921:1988, Class 1 or ISO 1461 respectively.  
5.8 Bends (4.3.3.3) 
 
For bends having subtended angles greater than 70°, the radius r as shown in Figure 3 of EAS 419 
shall be a minimum of 0.7DN mm.  
NOTE Typical angles are 11° 15½, 22° 30½ and 45°. 
 
 
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© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  11  
6 Special requirements 
 
6.1 Reinforced concrete units 
 
6.1.1 Concrete cover (5.2.2) 
 The minimum concrete cover shall be 15 mm, or the relevant nominal maximum size of aggregate stated in the factory documents, whichever is the larger. 
 
NOTE 1 The number in brackets after this subclause heading is the corresponding subclause number in EAS 419. 
 
NOTE 2 Given the inspection procedures specified in this part of EAS 426 and the maximum permitted stabilized surface 
crack width specified in EAS 419, 5.2.3 the value of minimum concrete cover is consistent with the serviceability conditions 
specified in EAS 419, 4.3.8. Taken together, these factors are also consistent with the crack control provisions given in BS 
8110-1 and BS 8110-2.  
NOTE 3 Units conveying sea water, industrial waste, etc. and those to be installed in more aggressive serviceability conditions than those specified in EAS 419, 4.3.8 may need additional concrete cover. The advice of the pipe manufacturer 
should be sought in such a situation.  NOTE 4 See EAS 419, 5.3.3 regarding the increased minimum concrete cover on external surfaces of jacking pipes to be in 
permanent contact with the ground. 
 
7 Conformity evaluation 
 
7.1 Application 
 
The conformity evaluation requirements of EAS 419 shall apply to this part of EAS 426, supplemented by the following sampling procedures. 
 
7.2 Finish 
 If subjected to either or both of the tests in Annex C the finish of any unit shall conform to 5.3.1 and 
5.3.2 for surface evenness and surface voids respectively. 
 
7.3 Geometrical characteristics 
 
Sampling procedures to evaluate the conformity of internal diameter, internal width/height, internal and external diameter of jacking pipes, wall thicknes s, straightness, internal barrel length of jacking 
pipes and squareness of ends to 5.4.4.1 to 5.4.4.8 respectively shall be in accordance with those for 
Geometrical characteristics — Units in Table H.1 of EAS 419. 
 
7.4 Lifting anchorages 
 Sampling procedures to evaluate the conformity of lifting anchorages to 5.7 shall comprise an initial 
type test for each nominal size and type of unit.  
8 Marking 
 
In addition to the requirements in EAS 419, Clause 8 each unit shall be marked EAS 426-1 
immediately following EAS 419  and with the letter “ R” if it is a reinforced concrete unit. Special 
strength class units (see 5.6) shall also be marked with the relevant class. 
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12 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  
Annex A (informative) Information to be supplied in an enquiry or order 
 
The following particulars cover essential details required by the manufacturer so that an enquiry or order may be fully understood:  
 Reference in: 
 EAS 419  EAS 426-1 
a) type, quantity, cross-sectional shape(s) and nominal 
size(s) of units 3.1.15 5.4.1 
b) any special strength class of units 4.3.5 5.2 c) if units are required to be reinforced 5.2.3 6.1 
d) design chemical class (DC-class) of concrete in units 4.3.9 5.2.1 
e) if additional concrete cover is required 4.3.9 and 5.2.2 6.1.1 
f) type of joint and material of any collar for jacking pipes 5.3.1 ― 
g) dimensions and materials of inlets or branch pipes for 
junctions 5.4 ― 
h) if lifting anchorages are required ― 5.7 
i) if the products are to be fully covered by a third party 
certification scheme 7.1 Foreword 
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© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  13  
Annex B (normative) British Standards relevant to EAS 419 
 
The reference specifications prescribed in 5.1 are listed in Table B.1. 
 
Table B.1 — British Standards relevant to EAS 419 
 
Reference in EAS 419 Rele vant British Standard 
Subclause number  Material/Characteristic  
EAS 18-1 
BS 146 4.1  Cements  
BS 4027 
4.1  Aggregates  EAS 180 
4.1  Mixing water  BS EN 1008a 
4.1  Admixtures  BS EN 934-2 
BS 3892-1 4.1  Additions  
BS 6699 
BS 4449 
BS 4482 4.1  Reinforcing steel  
BS 4483 
4.1.2 and 4.3.3.2  Joint seals  BS EN 681-1 
Collars: 
— weldable structural steel plate  BS EN 10025:1993 (Grade S275 or S275JR) 
— stainless steel plate  BS EN 10088-2:1995 (Designation 
X5CrNiMo17-12-2 [1.4401]) 
BS EN 1011-2 (ferritic steel) — welding  
BS EN 1011-3 (stainless steel) 
BS 4994 (hand laid-up) 5.3.1.2  
— reinforced plastics  
BS 5480 (machine made) 
a) BS EN 1008:2002, 3.1 specifies that potable water does not need testing. 
 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
14 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  
Annex C (normative) Surface finish tests 
 
C.1 Surface evenness test  
C.1.1 Principle  
The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether the internal surface of a unit conforms to the limiting requirement in 5.3.1 for evenness. 
 C.1.2 Apparatus  
C.1.2.1 Gauge, as described in Figure C.1. 
 
 
 
Figure C.1 — Gauge for assessing surface evenness 
 
C.1.3 Procedure  
C.1.3.1 Place the gauge in the unit so that its axis is in the same plane as the unit’s longitudinal axis. 
 
C.1.3.2 Roll the gauge around the inside of the unit, taking care to ensure that its axis remains in the 
same plane as the unit’s longitudinal axis at all times.  C.1.4 Expression of result 
 Record whether the gauge rolled over any part of the internal surface without the central portion of the 
gauge contacting the unit. 
 
C.2 Surface void test 
 C.2.1 Principle 
 
The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether any void in the surface of a unit conforms to the 
limiting requirements in 5.3.2 . 
 
C.2.2 Apparatus  
C.2.2.1 Gauge, as described in Figure C.2. 
 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  15 
Dimensions in mm  
 
Figure C.2 ― Gauge for assessing surface voids 
 
C.2.3 Procedure 
 Apply the ball of the gauge to the void. 
 
C.2.4 Expression of result 
 
Record whether diametrically opposite points in the rim of the gauge simultaneously touched the surface of the unit. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
16 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  
Annex D (normative) Dimensional tests 
 
NOTE At the manufacturer’s discretion it is permissible to use purpose-made “go/no-go” gauges for dimensional 
measurements in lieu of the apparatus specified for the tests in this Annex. 
 
D.1 Internal dimensions test 
 D.1.1 Principle 
 
The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether the in ternal diameter of circular units and circular units 
with base for trench use, the width/height of e gg-shaped units and the internal diameter of jacking 
pipes conform to 5.4.5.1 , 5.4.5.2 and 5.4.5.3 respectively. 
 D.1.2 Apparatus  
D.1.2.1 Steel measuring tape or retractable pocket rule, conforming to BS 4035, with metric 
graduation and figuring conforming to BS 4484-1. 
 
D.1.3 Procedure  
For units with a circular bore, make three measurem ents of the internal diameter at each end at 
approximately 60° to each other. For egg-shaped units, make a measurement of the horizontal and vertical axes at each end. For all units take the measurements at approximately 50 mm from the ends of the internal barrel and record the measurement.  D.1.4 Expression of results 
 
Record whether each measured value of the internal diameter or width/height conforms to 5.4.5.1 , 
5.4.5.2 and 5.4.5.3 as appropriate. 
 
D.2 External diameter test for jacking pipes 
 
D.2.1 Principle 
 
The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether the external barrel of a jacking pipe conforms to 
5.4.5.4 . 
 
D.2.2 Apparatus 
 D.2.2.1 Steel measuring tape, steel band or retractable pocket rule, conforming to BS 4035, with 
metric graduation and figuring conforming to BS 4484-1.  
D.2.3 Procedure  
Measure the external circumference of the pipe at approximately 50 mm from the ends of the barrel 
and record this measurement.  
Calculate the external diameter of the barrel from the measured circumference. 
 
D.2.4 Expression of results 
 
Record whether each measured value of the external diameter conforms to 5.4.5.4 . 
 
D.3 Wall thickness test 
 D.3.1 Principle 
 
The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether the wall thickness of a unit conforms to 5.4.5.5 . 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  17 D.3.2 Apparatus 
 
D.3.2.1 Outside spring caliper, conforming to BS 3123. 
 
D.3.2.2 Steel measuring tape or retractable pocket rule, conforming to BS 4035, with metric 
graduation and figuring conforming to BS 4484-1. 
 
D.3.3 Procedure 
 
For circular units, measure the wall thickness at approximately 50 mm from the end of the external 
barrel at the spigot end, at three positions equidistant around the circumference of the unit. For circular units with base and egg-shaped units, measure the wall thickness at approximately 50 mm 
from the end of the external barrel at the crown, springing points and invert. 
 
D.3.4 Expression of results 
 
Record whether each measured value of the wall thickness conforms to 5.4.5.5 . 
 
D.4 Straightness test 
 
D.4.1 Principle 
 
The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether the internal straightness, and for jacking pipes the 
external straightness, of a unit conforms to 5.4.5.6 . 
 
D.4.2 Apparatus 
 D.4.2.1 Rigid straightedge, made into a gauge of the form and dimensions shown in Figure D.1. 
  
 
Dimensions in mm  
 
hs = (3.5 l’ ± 5 %) in mm 
 
NOTE The studs should be detachable from the basic straightedge to facilitate checking and replacement.  
 
Figure D.1 — Gauge for measuring deviation from straightness 
 
D.4.3 Procedure 
 
D.4.3.1 Place the straightedge in the bore of the unit with Edge X (see Figure D.1) in contact with the 
unit and on a line parallel to its longitudinal axis. Hold the plane of the gauge in a radial plane and 
record whether both ends of the gauge, wherever so placed, were in contact with the internal surface 
of the unit. 
 
D.4.3.2 If both ends of the gauge were not in contact with the internal surface of the unit at both ends, 
reverse the gauge so that Edge Y, placed as above (see Figure D.1), is adjacent to the internal 
surface of the unit.  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
18 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved D.4.3.3 For jacking pipes, repeat the procedure with the straightedge placed along the external 
surface of the pipe and on a line parallel to its longitudinal axis. 
 
D.4.4 Expression of result  
Record whether both ends of the gauge were in cont act with the surface of the unit when using Edge 
X, and whether the two studs (see Figure D.1) touched the surface simultaneously when using Edge Y. 
 
D.5 Internal barrel length and squareness of ends tests for jacking pipes 
 D.5.1 Internal barrel length and squareness across a diameter test 
 
D.5.1.1 Principle 
 The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether the internal barrel length and squareness of ends 
across a diameter of a jacking pipe conform to 5.4.5.7 and 5.4.5.8 respectively. 
 
D.5.1.2 Apparatus 
 
D.5.1.2.1 Steel measuring tape or retractable pocket rule, conforming to BS 4035, with metric 
graduation and figuring conforming to BS 4484-1. 
 
D.5.1.3 Procedure 
 
Mark the opposite ends of an internal diameter at one end of the bore and measure the internal barrel 
length ( l
x and l y) by “swinging” the tape or rule from each mark. Measure the minimum internal 
diagonals ( cx and cy), as shown in Figure D.2. 
 
 
 
Figure D.2 — Measurement of internal lengths and diagonals of a jacking pipe 
 
Using the following formulae, calculate the respective deviations from squareness of the spigot end (psp) and socket end (pso) of the pipe (see Figure D.3): 
 
) ( / ) (y x y y x x spl l c l c l p+ − − + = 22 2 2 2 
 
) ( / ) (y x y y x x sol l c l c l p+ + − − = 22 2 2 2 
 
The orientation in relation to the points of measurements x and y  is indicated by the algebraic sign of 
psp and pso (see Figure D.2 and Figure D.3). 
 Repeat the procedure using marks made at approximately 90° to the original ones and calculate the 
mean of the four measurements of internal  barrel lengths shall then be calculated. 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  19 D.5.1.4 Expression of result 
 
Record whether the mean value of the four measurements of internal barrel length and each of the 
deviations from squareness across the diameter of the jacking pipe conformed to 5.4.5.7 . 
 
D.5.2 Squareness across the wall thickness test 
 D.5.2.1 Principle 
 
The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether the squareness across the wall thickness at the end of 
a jacking pipe conforms to 5.4.5.8 . 
 
D.5.2.2 Apparatus 
 D.5.2.2.1 Cast iron or steel straightedge, conforming to BS 5204-1 or BS 5204-2. 
 D.5.2.2.2 Steel measuring tape or retractable pocket rule, conforming to BS 4035, with metric 
graduation and figuring conforming to BS 4484-1.  
D.5.2.3 Procedure 
 
Place the straightedge diametrically across the end of the jacking pipe in three positions, 
approximately equidistant around its circumference. Measure and record any out-of-squareness 
across the wall thickness at each end of the three diameters. 
 
D.5.2.4 Expression of result 
 
Record whether the squareness across the wall thickness of the jacking pipe conforms to 5.4.5.8. 
 
 
 
Figure D.3 — Squareness of ends across a diameter of a jacking pipe 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
20 © EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  
Annex E (normative) Lifting anchorage pull-out test 
 
E.1 Principle 
 The purpose of this test is to demonstrate that a lifting anchorage is safe and fit for purpose when 
used under conditions as recommended by the manufacturer. 
 
E.2 Apparatus 
 E.2.1 Testing machine, equipped with a load indicator, capable of applying the specified test load 
without vibration or shock and with an accuracy of 3 % of that load. 
 
NOTE See typical arrangement in Figure E.1. 
 E.3 Preparation 
 
The test piece shall comprise a mature unit (not more than 28 days old) incorporating a lifting anchorage, selected at random. 
 
E.4 Procedure  
E.4.1 Place the apparatus on the unit and connect it to the lifting anchorage. 
 
NOTE The arrangement for loading should be such that the loading device and the reactive support on the unit for the 
testing machine are clear of the possible cone of failure around the anchorage point. 
 
E.4.2 Apply the load at a uniform rate of between 150 kN/min and 250 kN/min, or in increments of 
not more than 1.5 kN at the same rate, up to the prescribed test load. 
 
E.5 Expression of result 
 
Record whether the anchorage pulled out, or whether any visible damage occurred to the concrete or anchorage. The unit passes the test if the anchorage remains intact and there is no visible damage caused to either the anchorage or the adjacent concrete.  
 
 
Key 
1 Lever arm  2 Loading device  3 Pivot   
4 Connecting link  5 Anchorage recess  6 Pedestal 
7 Cast-in anchorage 8 Cone of failure at pull-out 
 
Figure E.1 — Diagram of typical anchorage pull-out testing machine on longitudinal section of 
unit wall PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTEAS 426-1:2006  
© EAC 2006 — All rights reserved  21  
Bibliography 
 
CD/K/61-4/2004, Precast concrete pipes, fittings and ancillary products — Part 4: Specification for 
unreinforced and reinforced pipes and fittings with flexible joints  
 
EAS 426-120:1989, Precast concrete pipes, fittings and ancillary products — Part 120: Specification 
for reinforced jacking pipes with flexible joints  
 
BS 8110-1:1997, Structural use of concrete — Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction  
 
BS 8110-2:1985, Structural use of concrete — Part 2: Code of practice for special circumstances  
 EAS 417-1, Concrete — Part 1: Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier  
 
EAS 417-2, Concrete — Part 2: Specification for constituent materials and concrete  
 
EN 752-2:1997, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Part 2: Performance requirements  
 
EN 752-3:1997, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Part 3: Planning  
 
EN 752-4:1998, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Part 4: Hydraulic design and 
environmental considerations  
 EN 1295-1:1998, Structural design of buried pipelines under various conditions of loading — Part 1: 
General requirements  
 BS EN 1610:1998, Construction and testing of drains and sewers  
    
 
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