UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS 2026  
First  Edition  
2019 -mm-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
DUS 2026 : 2019 
© UNBS 2019   
  
Pasteurized goat milk — Specification   
 UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 2026 : 2019  
 
© UNBS 2019  – All rights reserved  1 
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct ap plication  
© UNBS 2019   
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS.  
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The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: +256 41 4 333 2 50/1/2/3  
Fax: +256 41 4 286 123  
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
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2 © UNBS 2019 – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade , Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327 , of the Laws of Uganda , as amended .  UNBS is mandated to  co-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT  Agreement  of the  World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders 
including governm ent, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before rec ommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS /TC 2, Food and Agriculture , 
Subcommittee SC 1, Milk and milk products . 
 DUS 2026 : 2019  
© UNBS 2019  – All rights reserved  3 
  
Pasteurized goat milk — Specification   
1 Scope  
This Draft Uganda  Standard specifies the requirements and methods of test and sampling for pasteurized 
goat’s milk . 
2 Normative references   
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in suc h a way that some or all of their content 
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated 
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
US 1548 , Raw goat milk – Specification  
US ISO 2446 , Milk – Determination of fat content  
AOAC 999.10 , Official method for lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, and iron in foods Atomic absorption 
Spectrophotometry after microwave Digestion  
US ISO 6731 , Milk, cream and evaporat ed milk – Determination of total solids content  (Reference method)  
US ISO 11816 -1, Milk and milk products – Determination of alkaline phosphatase activity – Part 1: 
Fluorimetric method for milk and milk -based drinks  
US ISO 5764, Milk – Determination of fre ezing point – Thermistor cryoscope method  
US 163 , Milk and milk products — Hygiene requirements  
US 28,  Code of practice for hygiene in the food and drink manufacturing industry  
US ISO 707 , Milk and milk products – Guidance on sampling  
US EAS 38 , Labelling of pre -packaged foods — General requirements  
US EAS 803 , Nutrition labelling — Requirements  
US EAS 804 , Claims on food — Requirements  
US 1659 , Materials in contact with food — Requirements for packaging materials  
US ISO 14501 , Milk and milk powder – Determ ination of Aflatoxin M1 content – Clean -up by immunoaffinity 
chromatography and determination by high -performance liquid chromatography  
US ISO 6888  Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
coagulase -positive  staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species) — Part 3: Detection and MPN 
technique for low numbers  
US ISO 6579 –1, Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and 
serotyping of Salmonella — Part 1: Detection  of Salmonella spp   
4 © UNBS 2019 – All rights reserved  
 US ISO 11290 -1 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the detection and 
enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes — Part 1: Detection method  
US ISO 7251 , Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizo ntal method for the detection and 
enumeration of presumptive Escherichia coli — Most probable number technique  
US ISO 4832 , Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
coliforms — Colony -count technique  
US ISO 4833 -1, Microbiology of the food chain – Horizontal method for the enumeration of microorganisms – 
Part 1: Colony count at 30 C by the pour plate technique . 
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions app ly.  
3.1 
Raw whole milk  
whitish ,normal, clean and fresh secretions obtained by practically emptying the udder of a healthy goat,  
properly fed and kept, but excluding that got during the first seven days after kidding and free from colostrum  
3.2 
Pasteurisa tion 
heat treatment process applied to a product with the objective of eliminating possible health hazards  
arising from pathogenic micro -organism associated with milk by heat treatment which is consistent with 
minimal  chemical, physical and organoleptic ch anges in the product  
3.3 
Pasteurised goat milk  
goat m ilk that has been subjected to pasteurization process as defined in 3.2 and chilled to 7 °C immediately,  
If retailed as such, this milk should be chilled to 7 °C and packaged without delay under conditio ns which  
eliminate contamination  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  
4 Pasteurization process  
The recommended method of pa steurization shall be as follows  
4.1  Batch method  
The temperature of milk shall be raised to not less than 65 °C and not more than 72 °C and retained within 
this range for 30 min and immediately and rapidly cooled to 4 ºC or less  
4.2  High temperature sho rt time method (H.T.S.T.)  
The temperature of milk shall be raised to not less than 72 °C and not more than 80 °C and retained within 
this range for 15 s and immediately and rapidly cooled to 4°C or less  DUS 2026 : 2019  
© UNBS 2019  – All rights reserved  5 
 5 Requir ements  
5.1 General requirements  
Pasteurized goat milk shall:  
a) be obtained from raw goat milk conforming to US 1548  
b) pass the goat milk authentication t est when test in a ccordance to A nnex B ;  
c) have characteristic texture and colour;  
d) be free from foreign matter; and  
e) be free from preservatives, off -flavours and odour  
5.2 Specific requirements  
Pasteurized goat milk shall comply with specific requirements given in Table 1 when tested in accordance with 
the test methods specified therein  
Table 1 — Specific requirements for pasteurized  goat  milk 
Character istic Requirement  Test method  
Milk fat, %,  m/m min  3.5 US ISO 2446  
Milk solids not fat  %m/m  , min  8.5 US ISO 6731  
Density at 20 °C, g/ml  1.028 - 1.034  Annex A  
Freezing point depression  0.480 0 C to 0.568 0 C US ISO 5764  
Phosphatase  Negative  US ISO 1 1816 -1 
6 Hygiene  
Pasteurized goat milk shall be produced and handled in accordance with US 163 and US EAS 39.   
Table 2 — Microbiological limits for pasteurized goat milk 
Microorganism  Maximum limit  Test method  
Total plate count, CFU/ml  3 x 104 US ISO 483 3-1 
Total coliforms, CFU/ml  10 US ISO 4832  
Escherichia coli , per ml  Absent  US ISO 7251  
Listeria monocytogenes , per 25 ml  Absent  US ISO 11290 -1 
Salmonella Spp , per 25  Absent  US ISO 6579 -1 
Staphylococcus aureus , per ml  Absent  US ISO 6888 -3 
 
7 Contamina nts 
7.1  Pesticide residues  
Pasteurized goat milk shall comply with maximum residue limits set by Codex Alimentarius Commission   
6 © UNBS 2019 – All rights reserved  
 7.2  Veterinary drugs residues  
Pasteurized goat milk shall comply with maximum tolerable residue limits for antibiotics and othe r veterinary 
drugs set by Codex Alimentarius Commission.  
7.3  Heavy metals  
When tested in accordance with AOAC 999.10, the level of Lead (Pb) shall not exceed 0.02 mg/kg  
7.4  Mycotoxins  
When tested in accordance with US ISO 14501, the level of Aflatoxin M 1 shall not exceed 0.50 μg/kg.  
8 Packaging  
Pasteurized  goat milk shall be packed in food grade packaging material conforming to US 1659.  
9 Labelling  
The containers shall be labelled in compliance with the requirements of US EAS 38, US EAS 803  and US 
EAS 804. In addition, the following particulars shall be legibly and indelibly labelled on the container:  
a) name of the product as “Pasteurized  goat milk”;  
b) fat content;  
c) net content in SI units;  
d) name and physical address of manufacturer;  
e) batch or code number ;  
f) nutritional information;  
g) date of manufacture and expiry date;  
h) instruction for storage and use; and  
i) country of origin  
10 Sampling  
Sampling of pasteurized goat milk shall be done in accordance with US ISO 707.  
 DUS 2026 : 2019  
© UNBS 2019  – All rights reserved  7 
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Determination of de nsity  
A.1 General  
The density is a relationship between the body mass and the volume this body occupies in the space. The 
density test is performed in order to be used in the detection of adulteration in the milk since, the addition of 
water only would cau se the decrease in density, whereas the skimming (fat removal) would cause an 
increased density in the milk, beside supplying important information for the determination of the total dry 
extract.  
A.2 Equipment  
A.2.1  Thermolactodensimeter (TLD)  
A.2.2  Test t ube, 250 ml  
A.3 Method  
The density determination is accomplished by the thermolactodensimeter (TLD) because of the practicability 
of this method.  
A.4 Procedure  
A.4.1  Place the sample to be analyzed in the clean and dry test tube by carefully inclining the test tube and 
allowing the liquid to flow down the walls of the glass to avoid incorporation of air which would reduce the 
density of the milk.  
A.4.2  Immerse TLD into the test tube and make it rotate slowly on its own axis.  
A.4.3  Take the reading of both d ensity and temperature of the milk as soon as TLD stabilizes.  
A.4.4  By using an adequate scale, correct the influence of the temperature. The result will correspond to the 
corrected milk density. . 
.  
8 © UNBS 2019 – All rights reserved  
 Annex  B 
(normative)  
Method o f Analy sis or Identifying Goats Milk f rom o ther Dairy Milk  
B.1  Equipment / apparatus  
B.1.1  Polymerase Chain Reaction machine (thermal cycler)  
B.1.2  Water bath  
B.1.3  Micro pipettes  
B.1.4  Vertex  
B.1.5  Micro centrifuge  
B.1.6  Agarose Gel documentation machine  
B.1.7  Conical flask  
B.1.8  Ice cubes  
B.1.9  PCR tube rack  
 B.1.10  Stairoform    
B.1.1 1 Micro centrifuge tubes   
B.1.1 2 Timer  
B.1.1 3 Agarose gel electrophoresis tank  
B.1.1 4 Analytical balance  
B.1.1 5 Microwave  
B.1.1 6 Casting trays an d combs  
B.1.1 7 -20◦C freezers  
B.1.1 8 -80◦C ultra-freezer  
 
B.2  Reagents   
B.2.1  PCR consumables  
B.2.2  DNA extraction kit (QIA prep spin mini prep form Qiagen, DNeasy Blood and tissue kit from Qiagen 
and Smart Helix First   DNA id from Exvivon) are recommended  
B.2.3  PCR kit (New England bio labs and bioline are recommend kits for convectional PCR  
B.2.4  Agarose powder  DUS 2026 : 2019  
© UNBS 2019  – All rights reserved  9 
 B.2.5  Absolute ethanol  
B.2.6  Nuclease free water  
B.2.7  Primers for goat, cow, sheep, camel, buffalo and the expected source of the dairy animal to mixed 
with the goat’s milk.  (Primers should target the 12S rRNA region)   
B.2.8  Molecular marker (depends on the expected band size of the amplicon)  
B.2.9  TAE buffer (1X)   
B.2.1 0 Gel Red dye  
 
 
B.3  Procedure  
Design primers or commercially acquire  them for goat , cow ,sheep , camel, buffalo and a ny other dairy animal 
species you expect its milk to be mixed with the goat milk,. The designed primer should target the 
mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (12S rRNA). The DNA extraction is done from milk samples following the 
extraction protocol from the abo ve mentioned recommended DNA extraction kits.  The PCR reaction mixture 
is set up following the PCR mini protocol that comes along with PCR kit. The reaction mixture is then 
transferred to the PCR machine (thermal cycler) and the conditions are set followi ng the conditions on the 
PCR kit protocol. After the PCR, the amplicons are then loaded on the agarose gel stained with gel Red of a 
known percentage and placed in the gel electrophoresis tank containing 1X TAE (Tris Acetate EDTA) buffer 
and the tank is   set at 100V, 300MA for 1 hour. Then the gel is then transferred to the gel documentation 
machine to visualise the bands of interest using the UV light lamp fixed in the gel documentation machine. 
The presence of the expected band size of goat only qualifie s the purity and quality of the goat’s milk. But the 
presence of other expected band size of other dairy milk animals signifies the presence of other dairy milk 
from other species of dairy animal and this disqualifies the purity and quality of the goat’s m ilk.     
10 © UNBS 2019 – All rights reserved  
 Bibliography  
[1]   
. DUS 2026 :2019  
© UNBS 2019  – All rights reserved  11 
 Certification marking  
Products that  conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mar k can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assu rance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
 DUS 2026 :2019    
 
ICS 67.100.10  
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© UNBS 2019 – All rights reserved