WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61  
 
10 June 2016  
(16-3155)  Page: 1/16  
Committee on Trade and Development 
Aid for Trade  Original: English  
 
   
COMMUNICATION FROM THE ORGANISATION FOR  
ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT 
 
The following communication, dated 6 June 2016, received from the Organisation for 
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), is being circulated to delegations for information. 
_______________ 
 
AID FOR TRADE: 2014 FLOWS 
STABLE AT THE AGGREGATE, BUT WITH CHANGING DISTRIBUTION 
 WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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  Table of contents 
1   INTROD UCTION  .......................................................................................................... 3  
2   TRACKING DO NOR SUPPORT ....................................................................................... 4  
3   AID-FOR-TRAD E COMMITMENTS ................................................................................. 5  
4   AID-FOR-TRADE DISBURSEMENTS .............................................................................. 5  
5   AID FOR TRADE FACILITATION ................................................................................... 6  
6   REGIONAL DI STRIBUTION .......................................................................................... 6  
7   REGIONAL AND GLOBAL PROGRAMMES ....................................................................... 7  
8   INCOME DI STRIBUTION .............................................................................................. 8  
9   FINANCING MODALITIES ............................................................................................ 9  
10   G20 PLEDGE .............................................................................................................. 9 
11   ADDITIONALITY ........................................................................................................ 9  
12   OTHER OFFI CIAL FLOWS ......................................................................................... 10  
13   CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 10  
 
Figures 
 
Figure 1. Volume of External Finance Flows to  Developing Countries from DAC and IFIs .............. 3  
Figure 2. Share of External Finance in Developing Countries .................................................... 4  
Figure 3. Aid-for-Trade CRS proxies ..................................................................................... 5  
Figure 4. Aid-for-trade commitm ents: sector di stribution ........................................................ 5  
Figure 5. Aid-for-trade disbursements: sector distribution ....................................................... 6  
Figure 6. Aid for trade facilitation : commitments and disburseme nts ........................................ 6  
Figure 7. Aid-for-trade commitmen ts: regional di stribution ..................................................... 7  
Figure 8. Aid-for-trade commitments: regi onal per capita dist ribution (2014) ............................ 7  
Figure 9. Aid-for-trade commitments: regional and glob al progra mmes .................................... 8  
Figure 10. Aid-for trade commitm ents: income di stribution ..................................................... 8  
Figure 11. Aid for trade per capita income distribution ............................................................ 9  
Figure 12. Aid for trade:  grants an d loans ............................................................................ 9  
Figure 13. G20/DAC Aid-for-trade commitments .................................................................... 9  
Figure 14. Share of Aid for Trade in sector allocable ODA ....................................................... 10 
Figure 15. Trade related other offici al flows ......................................................................... 10 
 WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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  1  INTRODUCTION 
1.1.  The vision underpinning the 2030 Sustaina ble Development Agenda is broad and ambitious 
and calls for an equally broad and ambitious fi nancing strategy. The resources required are 
immense, as much as US$4.5 trillion per annu m according to some estimates. The Third 
International Conference on Financing for De velopment and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda 
(AAAA) refer to international trade as an engine for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction, while Aid for Trade is referenced for th e role it can play towards achieving these goals. 
1.2.  The AAAA stresses the need for a significant additional development finance contribution 
from the private sector, although it also highligh ts the indispensable role of Official Development 
Assistance (ODA) in financing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Until quite recently, ODA was the main external source of finance for development. Increasingly, it is being considered 
as only a part of the overall funding for development. Since 2000, ODA levels have doubled in real 
terms, but remain well below the long-established UN target for advanced countries of providing 0.7% of gross national income in ODA – averaging about 0.3% in 2014. At nearly US$134 billion in 
2014, bilateral ODA represented only 20% of all official and private flows from the 29 member 
countries of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). In addition, developing countries received US$68 billion in "other official flows" 
(OOF) provided by public bodies at close-to-marke t terms. Private finance at market terms, such 
as net foreign direct investment (FDI), private grants from philanthropic foundations and non-governmental organizations amounted to US$2 80 billion. Remittances stood at US$435 billion 
in 2014 (see Figure 1). 
Figure 1 Volume of External Finance Flows to Developing Countries from DAC and IFIs 
 
 
1.3.  The significant amounts of ODA and OOF spent on supporting developing countries upgrade 
their infrastructure, invigorate the private sector, and streamline trade policies should show results. Empirical findings confirm that Aid for Trade, in general, is effective at both the micro and macro level (te Velde et al, 2013). The impacts, however, may vary considerably depending on the 
type of Aid-for-Trade intervention, the income leve l, the sector at which the support is directed, 
and the geographical region of the recipient count ry. For example, Vijil et al. (2012) shows that 
the quality of infrastructure is significantly correlated with aid to infrastructure. Ferro et al. (2012) 
finds that a 10% increase in aid to transportation, information, communication and technology, 
energy, and banking services is associated with increases of 2%, 0.3%, 6.8% and 4.7% 
respectively in the exports of manufactured goods from the recipient countries. Furthermore, 
Cirera and Winters (2015) observe a positive impact on exporting and importing times, but factors 
other than Aid for Trade explain different experiences of structural change in sub-Saharan African countries. WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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  Figure 2 Share of External Finance in Developing Countries 
 
 
1.4.  Not only is aid effective in general, the distribution and objectives of ODA are very different 
from other financial flows. Given its unique mandate to directly target development, improve welfare and reduce poverty, ODA remains essentia l in supporting many countries, especially the 
poorest with little access to private finance and low levels of domestic resources. ODA remains the 
largest international resource for countries wi th an income per capita of less than US$2 000 
(Figure 9). The pivot in relative importance between Aid for Trade and FDI lies around the LDCs' GNI/GDP cut off, i.e. US$1 045 (Figure 2).  
2  TRACKING DONOR SUPPORT 
2.1.  Whether the focus of Aid-for-Trade prog rammes should be narrow or broad has been a 
central debate over the last ten years. Many commentators have made the case that the definition 
of Aid for Trade was too broad and that this diminished its effectiveness (Adhikari, 2011). But the 
WTO Aid-for-Trade Task Force Recommendations and the ongoing OECD/WTO monitoring process 
have continually linked Aid for Trade to a broader set of objectives including poverty reduction, green growth and gender equality. In pursuit of  the SDGs, this broader approach makes even 
more sense and Aid for Trade can, and should, continue to contribute to multiple goals. In 
addition, there is mounting support for the idea that by  strengthening the role that trade plays in 
development, Aid for Trade can help developing countries build capacities that in turn can 
contribute to a healthier environment and to fighting poverty. 
2.2.  To assess donor pledges and ensure accurate  accounting at the global level, Aid-for-Trade 
benchmarks were agreed. These include: ODA and OOF to help developing countries elaborate 
trade strategies, negotiate trade agreements an d implement their outcomes; build roads, ports 
and telecommunications networks to connect domestic markets to the global economy; support the private sector, exploit their comparative advantages and diversify their exports; help with the costs associated with trade liberalization such as tariff reductions, preference erosion or declining 
terms of trade; and, finally, other trade-related needs if identified as trade-related priorities in 
partner countries' national development strategies (Figure 3)
1. The next section will discuss in 
more detail how support for these different aid categories can potentially contribute to achieving 
the SDGs. 
 
                                               
1 For detailed CRS Aid-for-Trade proxies:  http://www.oecd.or g/dac/aft/aid-for-
tradestatisticalqueries.htm   WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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  Figure 3 Aid-for-Trade CRS proxies 
 
 
3  AID-FOR-TRADE COMMITMENTS 
3.1.  In 2014, Aid-for-Trade commitments stood at US$55 billion, a decline of US$1 billion or 
almost 2% compared to 2013. This is not the first time Aid for Trade has declined on a year-to-
year basis. It has happened before over 2010-11. Part of the explanation for the decline is the 
significant drop in support for transport and storage which declined from US$18.4 billion in 2013 to US$13.4 billion in 2014. Support for this Aid-for-Tr ade category had increased significantly since 
2011 from US$11.4 billion to US $15.5 billion in 2012 and US$18.4 billion in 2013; an annual 
increase of 20% over three years. Thus, in 2014 su pport to transport and storage returned to its 
2012 level of US$15.5 billion which is probably more sustainable in the long run. Support for trade 
policy and regulations also fell from US$1.5 billion  to US$1 billion (Figure 4). A smaller decline in 
volume terms, but much bigger in percentage terms (i.e. 40%).  
Figure 4 Aid-for-trade commitments: sector distribution  
2002-05 - 2014 
 
 
3.2.  The drop in support for trade policy and regulations and transport and storage was to a large extent compensated through an increase in support for energy generation and supply, up 
US$2 billion in 2014, as well as support for building productive capacities which increased by 
US$2.5 billion. This increase was especially concen trated in increased support to business, banking 
and other financial support, up respectively US$1.2 billion and US$1.3 billion compared to 2013.  
4  AID-FOR-TRADE DISBURSEMENTS  
4.1.  Disbursements of aid funds fluctuate less than commitments. This is because some 
commitments, especially in infrastructure may take several years to disburse. Over the past nine years disbursements increased on average between 5 to 10% annually. The largest increase being 
in disbursements for economic infrastructure, up 98% since the 2001-05 baseline, followed by 
building productive capacities, up 69%, and finally disbursements for trade policy and regulations, up 56% (Figure 5). WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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  Figure 5 Aid-for-trade disburse ments: sector distribution  
2002-05 - 2014 
 
 
4.2.  In 2014, the increase in Aid-for-Trade disbursements was US$2.5 billion or 5.6% compared to 2013, recording continued growth to economic  infrastructure, up US$0.5 billion, and building 
productive capacities, up US$2 billion, mainly in banking and other business services. Again, there 
was an 8% decline in the disbursements for trade policy and regulations compared to the previous 
year. The reason being that commitments for trade policy and regulations consist mainly of technical assistance programmes and disbursements for this type of support follows closely after 
the commitment has been made. 
5  AID FOR TRADE FACILITATION 5.1.  In 2014, aid for trade facilitation commitments stood at US$362 million, a drop of 41% from 
US$613 million in 2013 and US$654 million in 2012.  Compared to the baseline, however, 
commitments are still almost fo ur times higher. Disbursement s also declined in 2014 by 
US$28 million to US$479 billion (Figure 6). These numbers should also be seen in combination with the support for transport and storage whic h dropped by US$5 billion between 2013 and 2015 
(from US$18.4 billion to US$13.7billion). 
Figure 6 Aid for trade facilitation:  commitments and disbursements  
2002-05 - 2014 
 
 
6  REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION 
6.1.  In 2014, Asia with US$21 billion, remained the largest Aid-for-Trade recipient. Support 
declined by US$1.8 billion or 8.2% compared to the year before, but overall there has been a 72% 
increase for the region compared to the baseline. Support to African countries at US$18 billion also 
fell by US$1 billion from 2013. Since the baseline, however, Africa has benefited from a 144% WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
- 7 - 
 
  increase. In 2014, Asia and Africa together received  almost three quarters of total Aid for Trade, 
though this share has fluctuated over time between 80 and 75% since 2006 (Figure 7).  
Figure 7 Aid-for-trade commitments: regional distribution  
2002-05 - 2014 
 
 
6.2.  Commitments to Latin America and the Caribbean continue to rise and now stand at 
US$4.5 billion, an increase of 160% since the baseline. Also Aid for Trade to European countries 
continues to increase and reached US$6 billion in 2014, an increase of 4% compared to 2013. Finally, countries in Oceania, with US$800 million, are the smallest recipient, but support has 
almost doubled since the baseline. Looking at the regional Aid-for-Trade distribution on a per 
capita basis paints quite a different picture with Oceania receiving US$77, Europe US$39, Africa US$14, Latin America and the Caribbean US$7 and, la stly, Asia, the most populous continent with 
only US$5 (Figure 8). 
Figure 8 Aid-for-trade commitments: regi onal per capita distribution (2014) 
 
 
7  REGIONAL AND GLOBAL PROGRAMMES 
7.1.  Regional and global programmes continue to grow and reached US$7 billion in 2014, double 
the baseline level. Regional Aid for Trade now stands at around 12% of total Aid for Trade. Two thirds of the regional programmes are in the area  of building private capacities and support has 
increased by 243% since the baseline to reach US$5.2 billion. Support for economic infrastructure 
continues to decline and at US$1.4 billion is back at the level it was in 2011. Also remarkable is the decline in regional programmes for trade policy and regulations from US$825 million to 
US$462 million, the level it was in 2012; a decline that manifested itself in most regions 
(Figure 9).  WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
- 8 - 
 
  Figure 9 Aid-for-trade commitments: regional and global programmes 
2002-05 - 2014 
 
 
8  INCOME DISTRIBUTION 
8.1.  In 2014, least developed countries (LDCs) received US$14.4 billion or 26% of total Aid for 
Trade, while middle-income countries (MICs) received US$32.1 billion or 58% of total Aid for 
Trade; a similar distribution when compared to the baseline. In 2014, overall support to the LDCs 
dropped US$4 billion to US$14.4 billion compared to 2013 which, at US$18.4 billion, seemed to have been a year of exceptional support. The drop in support to the LDCs in 2014 is mainly due to 
decreases in Africa and Asia of US$2.6 billion an d US$1.4 billion, respectively. Again, the largest 
fall is caused by the decline in support for transport and storage (Figure 10). 
Figure 10 Aid-for trade commitments: income distribution  
2002-05 - 2014 
 
 
8.2.  Again, looking at the distribution per ca pita changes the picture substantially, with the 
low-income countries (LICs) receiving US$15, MICs US$9, and the high-income countries (HICs) 
US$4 (Figure 11).  WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
- 9 - 
 
  Figure 11 Aid for trade per capita income distribution 
2002-05 – 2014 
 
9  FINANCING MODALITIES 
9.1.  Aid-for-Trade financing terms have increased over time. During the baseline period the share 
between loans and grants was 50%. In 2014, 61% of all Aid-for-Trade support is in the form of 
loans and only 31% is provided in grant form (Figure 12). 
Figure 12 Aid for trade: grants and loans 
 
 
10  G20 PLEDGE 
10.1.  Meeting at the G20 Seoul Summit in November 2010, the assembled leaders adopted the 
Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth in which they, inter alia , agreed the following: 
“We are committed to at least maintaining, beyond 2011, Aid for Trade levels that reflect 
the average of the last three years (2006 to 2008 ). We are also resolved to strengthen the 
role of South-South trade cooperation and to re inforce the involvement of the private sector 
in these measures. In parallel with the implementation of these commitments, we will 
ensure that aid flows to other sectors are sustained. ” (2011 and beyond)” 
10.2.  The 2006-08 average stood at US$25 billion and reached US$40 billion in 2014 (Figure 13). 
Figure 13 G20/DAC Aid-for-trade commitments  
2002-05 – 2014 
 
 
11  ADDITIONALITY 
11.1.  An important issue is the additionality of Aid for Trade. The OECD and WTO have interpreted 
additionality to mean the share of Aid for Trade in total sector allocable aid. Since the baseline WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
- 10 - 
 
  period this share has increased from 33% to 36 % in 2014. Thus, one could argue, and the OECD 
would argue, that additionality has increased by 3 percentage points. 
Figure 14 Share of Aid for Trade in sector allocable ODA 
2002-05 - 2014 
 
 
12  OTHER OFFICIAL FLOWS 
12.1.  Other official flows (OOF) are an important source for building trade capacities. These flows 
increased in 2014 by US$13 billion to reach US$60 billion. This implies that OOF commitments more than tripled compared to the 2002-05 baseline. A little less than 50% is committed to 
building productive capacities and slightly more than 50% to economic infrastructure. At income 
group level, the MICs receive 90% of all trade-related OOF flows. Disbursements of OOF also more than tripled to US$39.9 billion (Figure 15). 
Figure 15 Trade related other official flows 
2002-05 - 2014 
 
 
13  CONCLUSION 
13.1.  In conclusion, aggregate flows have remained relatively stable in 2014. However, there 
have been substantial drops in aid for transport and storage, trade facilitation, and flows to the 
LDCs. These drops have, to a large extent, been off-set by increases in aid to building productive 
capacities, energy, and the MICs.  
13.2.  Looking forward, survey results suggest a moderate increase in sector allocable aid. In 
2015, sector allocable aid is projected to increase by US$2.7 billion. This would mean that Aid for 
Trade would increase by US$1 billion, which would bring it almost back to the 2013 high level of 
US$55 billion. Least developed countries and other low-income countries will benefit mostly from 
this increase, with aid levels expected to grow by 5.7% in real terms. This would be consistent 
with the December 2014 decision taken by DAC ministers to allocate more of total ODA to 
countries most in need of concessional finance.  
 WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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ANNEX 1 – AID FOR TRADE BY DONOR, COMMITMENTS  
US$ MILLION (2014 CONSTANT)  
 
  2002-05 
avg. 2006-08 
avg. 2009-11 
avg. 2012 2013 2014 
DAC countries 15 464 21 817  24 379  23 723  27 862 30 125  
Australia  233  352  560  502  424  384 
Austria  50  59   83  77  145  68  
Belgium  260  288  488  146  202  277 
Canada  377  413   635  553  721  463  
Czech Republic .. ..  4  9  9  7 
Denmark  477  311   349  405  426  445  
Finland  90  144  332  137  147  167 
France  759 1 623  1 555  3 748  2 310 2 601  
Germany 1 367 2 283  3 724  3 573  5 105 7 700  
Greece  13  20   18  0  0  0  
Iceland .. ..  3  9  11  9 
Ireland  29  47   65  54  54  49  
Italy  287  263  189  200  95  110 
Japan 4 572 5 808  6 253  6 625  9 690 9 551  
Korea ..  493  946  844  736 1 067  
Luxembourg  19  36   39  44  44  45  
Netherlands  619  796  808 1 165   770 1 058  
New Zealand  25  50   108  89  113  198  
Norway  325  526  663  584  823  684 
Poland .. ..  .. ..  4  186  
Portugal  48  31  57  23  23  47 
Slovak Republic .. ..  .. ..  1  1  
Slovenia .. ..  2  1  2  0 
Spain  415  758   942  89  95  127  
Sweden  264  382  387  379  489  446 
Switzerland  321  290   309  291  509  429  
United Kingdom  815 1 010  1 368  1 009  1 036 1 073  
United States 4 099 5 833  4 492  3 167  3 878 2 931  
Other bilateral .. ..  633  751 2 666 1 277  
Estonia .. ..  .. ..  3  2  
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. .. 
Kazakhstan .. ..  .. .. .. ..  
Kuwait [KFAED] .. ..  344  513  835  407 
Lithuania .. ..  .. .. ..  0  
Romania .. .. .. .. ..  3 
Turkey .. ..   44 .. .. ..  
United Arab Emirates .. ..  245  238 1 828  864 
Multilateral 9 456 10 921  17 984  28 320  25 343 23 401  
AfDB  162  776 1 641  2 322  1 413 1 226  
Arab Fund [AFESD] ..  426  1 106   982  990  581  
AsDB  819  572 1 312  1 410  2 677 1 774  
BADEA .. ..   27  112  113  103  
CEB .. .. .. .. .. .. 
Climate Inv. Funds .. ..  ..  505  986 1 085  
EU Institutions 2 798 3 434  4 921  11 897  10 136 7 492  WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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    2002-05 
avg. 2006-08 
avg. 2009-11 
avg. 2012 2013 2014 
FAO ..  145   300  312  307  273  
GEF .. ..  131  308  320  275 
Global Green Growth 
Inst. .. ..  .. ..  2  2  
IaDB  265  122  474  577  602  746 
IFAD  294  413   636  610  516  651  
IMF ..  11  15  16  15 .. 
IsDB  208  277   207  217  158  79  
ITC ..  33  59  70  72  72 
Nordic Dev. Fund .. ..   22  20  32  14  
OFID .. ..  380  536  479  362 
UNDP  13  26   37  33  34  33  
UNECE ..  1  5  3  5  4 
UNESCAP ..  0   1  1  1  1  
UNESCWA ..  0  0  0  1  0 
UNICEF  1 ..   2  8  8  32  
UNIDO ..  30  67  42 .. .. 
UNPBF ..  4   1  0 .. ..  
World Bank 4 895 4 636  6 621  8 326  6 463 8 582  
WTO ..  14   17  13  13  13  
Total Aid for Trade 24 920 32 738  42 996  52 794  55 870 54 803  
 WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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ANNEX 2 – AID FOR TRADE BY RECIPIENT, COMMITMENTS 
US$ MILLION (2014 CONSTANT) 
  2002-05 
avg. 2006-08 
avg. 2009-11 
avg. 2012 2013 2014 
Developing countries 22 594  28 186  35 668  45 975 49 288  47 647  
Afghanistan  796 1 577  1 875  1 211 2 536  1 321  
Albania  143   136  157  29  77   88 
Algeria  107  147  26  25  22  25 
Angola  19   86  40  10  66   21 
Antigua and Barbuda  2  0  5  1  4  1 
Argentina  47   26  40  127  10   12 
Armenia  111  229  149  145  162  322 
Azerbaijan  138   100  125  13  15   42 
Bangladesh  819  840 1 245  1 067 1 623  1 791  
Belarus  1   9  29  7  8   13 
Belize  10  10  20  36  29  10 
Benin  119   207  227  117  118   156 
Bhutan  44  41  54  39  84  66 
Bolivia  262   166  342  258  238   484 
Bosnia and Herzegovina  120  174  236  233  477  561 
Botswana  16   6  10  93  4   8 
Brazil  53  71  247 1 162  298  803 
Burkina Faso  259   204  432  322  482   358 
Burundi  53  90  179  139  270  251 
Cabo Verde  83   67  78  90  41   63 
Cambodia  192  216  306  287  383  662 
Cameroon  131   303  288  528  169   364 
Central African Republic  36  62  67  138  8  10 
Chad  106   43  99  70  58   129 
Chile  40  35  65  79  241  426 
China (People's Republic of)  767   583  474  330  431   314 
Colombia  88  159  244  196  221  296 
Comoros  4   7  15  28  50   2 
Congo  41  39  56  64  21  61 
Cook Islands  2   1  11  7  15   17 
Costa Rica  55  23  28  7  13  172 
Côte d'Ivoire  61   113  243  202  177   61 
Cuba  9  12  18  13  24  15 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea  36
  9  2  24  3   3 
Democratic Republic of the 
Congo  517  314  752  431  525  486 
Djibouti  23   11  44  68  94   43 
Dominica  14  7  3  34  18  12 
Dominican Republic  44   35  151  50  79   46 
Ecuador  53  60  67  190  28  29 
Egypt  589   844 1 037  2 060 1 844  1 518  
El Salvador  31  208  79  32  48  170 
Equatorial Guinea  1   0  1  0  4   0 
Eritrea  52  37  29  17  6  1 
Ethiopia  543   784  723 1 964  989  1 108  WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
- 14 - 
 
    2002-05 
avg. 2006-08 
avg. 2009-11 
avg. 2012 2013 2014 
Fiji  8  12  15  23  52  15 
Former Yugoslav Republic of 
Macedonia  53  50  73  268  49   199 
Gabon  42  56  20  3  3  76 
Gambia  36   19  61  155  58   50 
Georgia  105  246  319  580  209  230 
Ghana  287   629  715  727  257   299 
Grenada  8  2  9  19  1  11 
Guatemala  30   53  71  154  177   73 
Guinea  74  78  59  143  201  77 
Guinea-Bissau  27   16  17  2  17   20 
Guyana  45  58  59  108  35  0 
Haiti  89   101  404  339  309   218 
Honduras  191  72  211  94  410  256 
India 1 534  2 288  2 642  3 461 5 302  4 881  
Indonesia 1 048   809  826  241  852  595 
Iran  5   3  7  4  3   2 
Iraq 2 269  2 158   428  637  60  408 
Jamaica  36   37  47  14  51   8 
Jordan  44  125  193  431  908  179 
Kazakhstan  39   117  85  39  10   49 
Kenya  322  501 1 150  2 422  719  860 
Kiribati  7   7  38  7  20   23 
Kosovo .. ..  92  45  96  86 
Kyrgyzstan  55   100  169  165  146   293 
Lao People's Democratic 
Republic  158  130  206  207  250  332 
Lebanon  30   88  57  42  118   31 
Lesotho  7  34  29  2  26  52 
Liberia  1   78  212  366  427   84 
Libya  2  5  10  3  20  11 
Madagascar  304   273  53  268  272   184 
Malawi  118  144  250  352  559  234 
Malaysia  12   44  23  38  6   6 
Maldives  11  16  15  28  9  66 
Mali  196   538  416  93  479   331 
Marshall Islands  5  1  7  16  6  10 
Mauritania  129   154  148  152  286   134 
Mauritius  60  36  52  76  169  63 
Mexico  26   52  120  445  219   389 
Micronesia  14  16  8  4  35  73 
Moldova  67   47  195  311  130   511 
Mongolia  60  256  176  150  92  58 
Montenegro  7   32  27  26  120   110 
Montserrat  9  13  2  10  6  21 
Morocco  328   897  992 2 389 1 266  1 835  
Mozambique  362  483  465  419 1 017   537 
Myanmar  10   16  36  67 1 189   950 
Namibia  34  79  96  52  42  27 
Nauru  2   11  3  6  4   2 
Nepal  175  219  396  423  996  651 WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
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    2002-05 
avg. 2006-08 
avg. 2009-11 
avg. 2012 2013 2014 
Nicaragua  203   210  236  242  267   215 
Niger  122  118  121  341  217  332 
Nigeria  252   366  619 1 238  681  1 046  
Niue  3  2  6  3  7  3 
Pakistan  616   722  770 1 473  706  2 679  
Palau  6  6  4  19  2  1 
Panama  10   12  19  9  8   5 
Papua New Guinea  136  147  211  76  252  319 
Paraguay  17   87  90  16  86   190 
Peru  138  130  153  210  208  140 
Philippines  330   237  584  910  871   197 
Rwanda  80  136  316  220  460  338 
Saint Helena  46   16  35  10  23   13 
Saint Lucia  10  8  4  35  1  25 
Saint Vincent and the 
Grenadines  7  7  1  21  3   5 
Samoa  16  27  20  28  29  77 
Sao Tome and Principe  8   7  18  3  12   1 
Senegal  202  257  503  382  359  418 
Serbia  454   304  662 1 108  963   357 
Seychelles  3  5  2  11  4  1 
Sierra Leone  103   94  100  110  255   39 
Solomon Islands  12  26  39  32  32  116 
Somalia  5   15  32  99  106   25 
South Africa  136  169  170  99  356  326 
South Sudan ..  ..  22  83  274   174 
Sri Lanka  487  365  417  567  464  864 
Sudan  30   235  432  291  455   100 
Suriname  24  18  22  15  1  1 
Swaziland  19   23  42  10  5   19 
Syrian Arab Republic  18  30  195  3  2  2 
Tajikistan  108   130  205  188  340   123 
Tanzania  423  801  930  653 1 550   963 
Thailand  336   231  318  128  28   34 
Timor-Leste  34  34  58  98  125  48 
Togo  9   42  104  41  101   62 
Tokelau  2  1  4  14  11  5 
Tonga  3   14  38  29  44   18 
Tunisia  220  289  368 1 096  737 1 509  
Turkey  437   425 1 111  3 439 3 170  3 490  
Turkmenistan  3  2  10  3  11  7 
Tuvalu  4   6  7  5  27   36 
Uganda  273  454  748  348  498  862 
Ukraine  83   252  250  668  753   569 
Uruguay  6  4  10  5  79  85 
Uzbekistan  142   57  214  362  608   931 
Vanuatu  7  42  23  78  18  29 
Venezuela  2   2  2  1  9   5 
Viet Nam 1 519  1 811  2 372  2 348 3 577  2 163  
Wallis and Futuna  8   2  4  5  27   8 
West Bank and Gaza Strip  67  97  175  97  178  62 WT/COMTD/AFT/W/61 
 
- 16 - 
 
    2002-05 
avg. 2006-08 
avg. 2009-11 
avg. 2012 2013 2014 
Yemen  63   166  449  156  290   216 
Zambia  229  238  289  476  246  390 
Zimbabwe  11   16  110  102  56   57 
Regional and global 1 099  2 350  3 283  3 401 3 495  3 310  
Africa, regional  160   528 1 094  1 077  963  1 440  
America, regional  76  186  190  135  441  299 
Asia, regional  76   202  278  277  381   271 
Central Asia, regional  2  56  59  32  78  69 
Europe, regional  54   246  175  154  40   148 
Far East Asia, regional  25  43  40  47  54  37 
Middle East, regional  42   37  59  25  76   281 
North & Central America, 
regional  72  100  160  264  138  87 
North of Sahara, regional  39   43  205  13  32   44 
Oceania, regional  31  63  85  35  87  40 
South & Central Asia, regional  46   12  10  11  3   18 
South America, regional  42  102  81  93  27  71 
South Asia, regional  0   31  10  2  23   36 
South of Sahara, regional  422  667  758 1 155 1 137   463 
West Indies, regional  11   34  77  82  15   7 
Global unallocated 1 227  2 202  4 045  3 419 3 087  3 846  
Total Aid for Trade 24 920  32 738  42 996  52 794 55 870  54 803  
 
 
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