JOB/AG/245  
 
16 June 2023  
(23-4152) Page: 1/29 
Committee on Agriculture  
Special Session  Original: English  
 
AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE (AOA): THE AMBER AND BLUE BOX,  
PRODUCT -SPECIFIC CONCENTRATIONS OF SUPPORT  
SUBMISSION BY THE CAIRNS GROUP  
The following submission , dated 15 June 2023 , is being circulated at the request of the  
Cairns  Group .1 
 
_______________  
 
 
1.   INTRODUCTION  
1.1   This paper focuses on product -specific concentrations of domestic support in 2019. It covers 
entitlements and support provided under Articles 6.3 (Final Bound Total Aggregate Measurement of 
Support or FBTAMS), 6.4 ( de minimi s) and 6.5 (Blue Box) of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA). 
It does not cover Article 6.2 support as this support is usually non -product -specific. The purpose of 
this paper is to help inform and support agriculture trade reform discussions in the WTO Comm ittee 
on Agriculture in Special Session.  
2.   MAIN FINDINGS  
There is no level playing field in agriculture  
2.1   For the Members covered in this paper for the year 2019, product - and non -product -specific 
Amber Box2 entitlements amounted to USD  786.3 billion. These entitlements were highly 
concentrated, with five WTO Members accounting for approximately 71.6 %. Approximately 
USD 168.9  billion (21.5 %) of Amber Box entitlements were FBTAMS, with the majority of FBTAMS 
entitlements (88.4 % of this value) held by four WTO Members.  
 
2.2   Approximately 14.3 % of Amber Box entitlements (USD  112.4 billion) were utili zed, leaving 
significant water in both Article 6.3 and Article 6.4 entitlements (see para  5.3  ). 
There are four main sources of product -specific support  
2.3   Around 72.4 % (or USD  89.8 billion) of total Amber and Blue Box support (USD  124.1 billion) 
was product -specific.  
 
 
1 Excluding Indonesia , Peru  and South Africa.  
2 Article 6.3 FBTAMS and Article 6.4 de minimis . JOB/AG/245  
 
- 2 - 
 
  2.4   Of this product -specific support, there were four main sources: 40.2 % was provided as CTAMS3 
above de minimis  by WTO Members that were not FBTAMS holders4, 30.2 % was provided through 
FBTAMS entitlements, 17.2 % through de minimis  and 12.4 % through the Blue Box.  
Product -specific support is concentrated on only a few commodities and is dominated by a few 
Members – and is distorting markets  
2.5   Commodities receiving the highest levels of product -specific support were rice (USD  26.5 
billion, 29.6 % of total Amber and Blue Box product -specific support) wheat (USD  13.3 billion, 
14.8%), dairy (USD  10.3 billion, 11.5 %), bovine (USD  8.5 billion, 9.4 %), and corn/mai ze 
(USD  8.3 billion, 9.4 %). These five commodities received 53.7 % of total Amber Box support and 
55.1% of total Blue Box support of Members covered in this analysis.  
 
2.6   Product -specific support provided to key commodities such as rice, cotton, wheat, corn/ma ize 
and bovine was heavily concentrated among just a few WTO Members, with two or three of these 
Members accounting for between 80 and 90 % of product -specific support, depending on the 
commodity.  
 
2.7   Members providing significant product -specific support for these commodities were often 
significant global producers and/or exporters of this commodity. For example, the WTO Member 
providing the most product -specific support to rice accounted for nearly 40 % of global rice 
production, and the second -largest provide r accounted for nearly 30 % of global exports. The WTO 
Member providing the most product -specific support to cotton accounted for around 50 % of global 
cotton production, and the second -largest provider accounted for nearly 40 % of global exports.  
 
2.8   When the v alue of support for a commodity was measured as a proportion of the value of 
world production of that commodity, support was concentrated on rice (9.2 %), cotton (7.3 %), wheat 
(7.1%), bovine (5.0 %) and dairy (2.9 %) (see para 6.2).  
 
There is a high degree of variation in key factors  
2.9   There is a high degree of variation in key considerations such as:  
 
• whether product -specific support was provided within de minimis  entitlements or above 
de minimis  either through FBTAMS, the Blue Box or by exceeding de minimis  
entitlements; and  
• whether the Member providing product -specific support was a significant producer 
and/or exporter of the supported commodity.  
3.   METHODOLOGY  
3.1   This analysis covers 55 WTO Members, including 23 FBTAMS entitlement holders. These 
FBTAMS entitlement holders represent 99.1 % of global FBTAMS entitlements. From 2013 to 2018, 
these 55 Members accounted for an average of 90.1 % of de minimis  entitlements and over 99 % of 
notified Amber and Blue Box use.5 
 
3.2   This a nalysis incorporates all DS:1 notifications for 2019 (or 2019 -20 where notifications are 
provided on a financial year rather than calendar year basis), as well as data from earlier years for 
 
3 All WTO Members are required to notify annually the total amount of domestic support provided to 
their agricultural sec tor, known as the current total aggregate measurement of support (CTAMS). Members do 
not have to include in their CTAMS calculations support below a certain de minimis  threshold (Article 6.4). 
Members with FBTAMS entitlements are entitled to exceed their de minimis  entitlement to the extent of their 
FBTAMS cap under Article 6.3. All WTO Members, regardless of whether they have an FBTAMS entitlement or 
not, must notify support in excess of their de minimi s limits in their CTAMS calculations. Developing count ry 
Members are not required to include in their CTAMS calculation support provided under Article 6.2.  Support 
that meets the criteria of Article 6.5 ( "Blue Box ") or the criteria of Annex 2 (the "Green Box ") is not included in 
the CTAMS calculations for any WTO Member.  
4 See Annex 1 for FBTAMS entitlement holders.  
5 Based on Canada 's analytical tool (2022 version).  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 3 - 
 
  the major economies and FBTAMS holders that have not submitted a DS:1 notification covering 2019 
by 5 January 2023.6  
 
3.3   The data used are based on Members ' DS:1 notifications to the greatest extent possible. If not 
provided in a Member 's DS:1 notification, value of production (VoP) data was sourced from the Food 
and Agr iculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Import and export data was also sourced 
from the FAO. To enable a comparison between Members, national currencies were converted to US 
dollars (USD) using International Monetary Fund (IMF) exchange rates c orresponding to the year of 
the notification (2019), except for those Members included in this analysis on the basis of earlier 
notifications and who notified using their domestic currencies.7 In order to preserve comparability 
across different FBTAMS ent itlements, which are not adjusted for inflation, no inflation adjustments 
have been made in this research.  
 
3.4   Annex 2  provides a full list of WTO Members covered in this analysis; associated data including 
entitlements, year of notification, VoP and exchange  rates; and source of data where appropriate.  
 
3.5   For the product -specific analysis, commodity groups were barley, bovine, corn/maize, cotton, 
dairy, horticulture, oilseeds, pig meat, rice, sugar, wheat, other grains, other livestock, and other. 
Annex 3  provides the full list of groupings.  
 
3.6   The year 2019 was selected for this analysis because the number of DS:1 notifications 
submitted after this period declined significantly (see Figure ) and it is a better representation of the 
pre-COVID -19 period.  
Figure  1: Number of WTO Members that have submitted DS:1 notifications  
 
4.   AMBER BOX ENTITLEMENTS  
FBTAMS entitlements – global  
4.1   Globally, 32 WTO Members8 currently have FBTAMS entitlements, representing 19.5 % of the 
WTO Membership. In 2019, these entitlements amounted to over USD  170 billion. Of these 
32 Members, 1 6 are Members with a 10 % de minimis  cap and 1 6 are Members  with a 5% de minimis  
cap. As noted in the methodology, this paper focuses on the entitlements and support of 23 out of 
the 32 FBTAMS holders.  
 
 
6 The following Members are included using earlier notifications: Australia (2018 -19), Canada (2018), 
Republic of Korea (2018), Pakistan (2015 -16), Tajikistan (2018), Thailand (2016) and Türkiye (2016).  
7 The annual exchange rates used for these Members are  Australia (2018), Canada (2018), Republic of 
Korea (2018), and Thailand (2016). Pakistan and Türkiye notified in USD and Tajikistan (2018) notified zero 
domestic support.  
8 The United Kingdom is included as part of the European Union  in this paper . 
051015202530
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021JOB/AG/245  
 
- 4 - 
 
  4.2   The amount of additional policy space provided through FBTAMS as a percentage of a Member 's 
VoP varies significantly  (see Figure ).  
Figure  2: WTO Members  with access to FBTAMS: Current entitlements as a percentage 
of VoP9 
 
FBTAMS and de minimis  
4.3   The total Amber Box entitlement of the Members covered in this paper was approximately 
USD 786.3 billion. Of this, the de minimis  entitlement was approximately USD  617.4 billion 
(accounting for 78.5 % of Amber Box entitlements), with FBTAMS accounting for 21.5 %. 
 
  
 
9 Figure  is not limited to the 55 WTO Members otherwise covered by this paper. It also includes the 
remaining FBTAMS entitlement holders where FAO production data is avai lable – Jordan , Republic of  Moldova, 
Morocco , North Macedonia , South Africa and Ukraine. FBTAMS entitlement holders Montenegro, Papua New 
Guinea, and  the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela  are omitted due to non -availability of FAO production data.  
De minimi s entitlements as shown reflect the total of product - and non -product -specific entitlements.   
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
Iceland
Norway
Japan
Mexico
Switzerland
Thailand
Tajikistan
Israel
EU
Saudi Arabia
Korea
Vietnam
Tunisia
Colombia
Brazil
Morocco*
Costa Rica
Argentina
Jordan*
Canada
USA
Russia
Chinese Taipei
North Macedonia*
NZ
Moldova*
Australia
South Africa*
Ukraine*FBTAMS water/VoP
FBTAMS use/VoP
de minimis water/VoP
de minimis use/VoP
* These Members have not submitted DS1 notifications for the reference period as outlined in paragraph 3.25% de minimis10% de minimisJOB/AG/245  
 
- 5 - 
 
  Figure  3: Amber Box: Proportion of FBTAMS and de minimis  entitlements  
USD 786.3 billion  
 
 
4.4   As global agricultural production has increased, global de minimis  entitlements have also 
increased, from around USD  182.4 billion in 2001 to USD  631.8 billion in 2019. The relative share 
of FBTAMS of total Amber Box entitlements has decreased from 44.9 % in 2001 to 21.2 % in 2019  
(see Figure ). 
 
Figure  4: Global  Amber Box entitlements10 
 
Distribution of entitlements  
4.5   FBTAMS entitlements are heavily concentrated amongst just a few Members. Of the 23 FBTAMS 
entitlement holders covered by this paper, nearly half of FBTAMS entitlements are held by one 
Member – the EU (48.0 %, or USD  81.0 billion). Four Members account for 88.4 % of FBTAMS 
entitlements.  
 
 
10 Figure  is not limited to the 55 WTO Members otherwise covered by this paper. It reflects the entire 
WTO Membership where FAO production data is available and does not draw on notification data.  
Total de minimis entitlement 78.5%Total FBTAMS entitlement 21.5%
0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019USD million
de minimis cap, product specific and non-product specific FBTAMS entitlementJOB/AG/245  
 
- 6 - 
 
  Table 1: Top FBTAMS entitlement holders  
WTO Member  FBTAMS entitlement  
(USD million)  Share of total FBTAMS  
entitlement  Cumulative share of FBTAMS  
entitlement  
European Union  81,025.3  48.0%  48.0%  
Japan  36,445.4  21.6%  69.5%  
United States  19,103.3  11.3%  80.8%  
Mexico  12,822.7  7.6%  88.4%  
Others  19,527.8  11.6%  100.0%  
Total 168,924.6  100.0%    
 
Figure  5: FBTAMS  entitlements  
USD 168.9 billion  
 
4.6   Of the 55 WTO Members covered in this analysis, de minimis  entitlements are also heavily 
concentrated, with one WTO Member accounting for more than one -third – China (41.8 %, or 
USD 258.2 billion). A total of five WTO Members accounted for 72.5 % of de minimis entitlements.  
 
  
EU48.0%
Japan 21.6%USA 11.3%Mexico 7.6%Russia 2.6%Switzerland 2.5%Canada 2.0% Others 4.5%JOB/AG/245  
 
- 7 - 
 
  Table 2: Top de minimis  entitlement holders  
WTO Member  de minimis  entitlement  
(USD million)  Share of total 
de minimis  Cumulative share of 
de minimis  
China  258,151.6  41.8%  41.8%  
India11 81,553.7  13.2%  55.0%  
European Union  42,807.2  6.9%  62.0%  
United States  35,730.9  5.8%  67.7%  
Brazil  29,062.7  4.7%  72.5%  
Others12 170,082.7  27.5%  100.0%  
Total 617,388.8  100.0%    
Figure  6: de minimis  entitlement  
USD 617.4 billion  
 
 
4.7   Total Amber Box entitlements are also heavily concentrated amongst a few Members, with 
five WTO Members accounting for approximately 71.6 %.  
  
 
11 VoP for India and estimate of de minimis  entitlements is based on FAO data due to insufficient data in 
India's DS:1 notification.  
12 VoP for the Kingdom of Bahrain ; Plurinational State of  Bolivia ; Botswana ; Colombia ; Congo ; 
Costa  Rica; Côte d'Ivoire; Georgia ; Guinea ; Hong Kong , China ; Iceland ; Indonesia ; Tonga and the United Arab 
Emirates and estimates of their de minimis  entitlements is based on FAO data due to insufficient data in DS:1 
notifications.  
China 41.8%
India 13.2%EU6.9%USA 5.8%Brazil 4.7%Indonesia 3.2%Turkey 2.9%Pakistan 2.1%Colombia 1.8%Mexico 1.7%Others 15.9%JOB/AG/245  
 
- 8 - 
 
  Table 3: Top Amber Box entitlement holders  
WTO Member  Amber box entitlement  
(USD million)  Share of total Amber 
Box entitlements  Cumulative share of Amber 
Box entitlements  
China  258,151.6  32.8%  32.8%  
European Union  123,832.6  15.7%  48.6%  
India 81,553.7  10.4%  59.0%  
United States  54,834.2  7.0%  65.9%  
Japan  44,802.9  5.7%  71.6%  
Others  223,138.4  28.4%  100.0%  
Total 786,313.3  100.0%    
 
Figure  7: Total Amber Box entitlement  
USD 786.3 billion  
 
5.   SUPPORT LEVELS – GLOBAL  
5.1   Among the 55 WTO Members covered in this analysis, total notified product - and non -product - 
specific Amber and Blue Box support was approximately USD  124.1 billion in 2019.   
 
5.2   Of this, USD  28.1 billion was provided as Current Total Aggregate Measure of Support (CTAMS) 
by FBTAMS entitlement holders and USD  48.2 billion was provided as de minimis  support. There 
were four Members that notified CTAMS support (that is, above de minimis  entitlemen ts) and did 
not have an FBTAMS entitlement (China, India, Türkiye , and Panama). This support was product -
specific (oilseeds, rice and wheat) and amounted to USD  36.1 billion. A total of USD  11.7 billion was 
provided as Blue Box support.  
 
China 32.8%
EU15.7%
India 10.4%USA 7.0%Japan 5.7%Brazil 3.8%Mexico 2.9%Indonesia 2.5%Turkey 2.3%Russia 1.7%Others 15.1%JOB/AG/245  
 
- 9 - 
 
  Table 4: Article  6 support  
  USD (million)  Share  
CTAMS from FBTAMS entitlement holders  28,103.7  17.6%  
other support above de minimis  36,099.2  22.6%  
de minimis  48,150.9  30.1%  
Blue Box  11,718.1  7.3%  
Article 6.2  35,685.9  22.3%  
Total 159,757.9    
 
Figure  8: Article 6  support  
USD 159.8 billion  
 
 
 
5.3   In 2019 approximately 16.6 % of FBTAMS entitlements were used (USD  28.1 billion, by 
15 Members), and approximately 13.7 %13 of de minimis  entitlements were used. Combined, 14.3 % 
of the Amber Box entitlement for these Members was used  (see Figure ). 
 
13 This calculation includes de minimis  support within entitlements (USD  48.2bn) and AMS above 
de minimis  provided by non -FBTAMS entitlement holders (USD  36.1 billion ).  
CTAMS -FBTAMS 
entitlement holders
17.6%
CTAMS -non-FBTAMS 
entitlement holders 22.6%de minimis
30.1%Blue Box
7.3%Article 6.2
22.3%JOB/AG/245  
 
- 10 - 
 
  Figure  9: Water  in Amber Box entitlements  
 
 
Product -specific support  
5.4   The significant majority (USD  27.1 billion, 96.5 %) of CTAMS support provided under FBTAMS 
entitlements was product -specific, in other words, was support provided to specific commodities as 
opposed to general, non -product -specific support. Over 67 % of de minimis  support was non -
product -specific.  
Table 5: Product -specific and non -product -specific Amb er Box support  
  CTAMS from FBTAMS 
entitlement holders  CTAMS from non -FBTAMS 
entitlement holders  de minimis  
USD (million)  share  USD (million)  share  USD (million)  share  
Product -specific  27,108.6  96.5%  36,099.2  100.0%  15,478.3  32.1%  
Non-product -specific  995.1  3.5%  - 0.0%  32,672.6  67.9%  
  28,103.7    36,099.2    48,150.9    
5.5   Of all Amber and Blue Box product -specific support, 30.2 % (USD 27.1 billion) was provided as 
CTAMS by FBTAMS entitlement holders, 40.2 % (USD  36.1 billion) was provided as CTAMS above de 
minimis  by non -FBTAMS entitlement holders14, 17.2 % (USD 15.5 billion) as de minimis  support, and 
12.4% (USD 11.2 billion) was provided as Blue Box support.  
 
  
 
14 The authors note that the most recent DS:1 notification for one such Member shows that support was 
no longer provided beyond de minimis  entitlements. For calendar year 2020, support for soybean and rice is 
reported as Blue Box support, and support for wheat calculated on the basis of a "maximum procurement 
amount ". The 2019 year is used in this paper to ensure a sufficient breadth of WTO Members are captured in 
the analysis.  
0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000
CTAMS CTAMS without
FBTAMS
entitlementde minimis Blue BoxUSD million
Support Unutilised entitlementsUncappedJOB/AG/245  
 
- 11 - 
 
  Figure  10: Use of product -specific Amber and Blue Box support  
USD 89.8 billion  
 
 
 
6.   PRODUCT -SPECIFIC CONCENTRATION  
6.1   Commodities receiving the highest levels of product -specific support were rice (USD  26.5 
billion, 29.6 % of total Amber and Blue Box product -specific support) wheat (USD  13.3 billion, 
14.8%), dairy (USD  10.3 billion, 11.5 %), bovine (USD  8.5 billion, 9.4 %), and corn/maize 
(USD8.3  billion , 9.4%) (see Figure ). 
 
6.2   When the value of support a commodity received was measured as a proportion of the value 
of world production of that commodity, support was concentrated on rice (9.2 %), cotton (7.3 %), 
wheat (7.1 %), bovine (5.0 %) and dairy (2.9 %) (see Figure ). 
CTAMS from 
FBTAMS entitlement 
holders 30.2%
other support above de 
minimis 40.2%de minimis
17.2%Blue Box
12.4% 
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 12 - Figure  11: Product -specific Amber and Blue Box support  
 
 
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000Notified domestic support (USD million)
Amber Box (within de minimis) Amber Box (in excess of de minimis threshold by Members without an FBTAMS entitlement) Amber Box (CTAMS for FBTAMS entitlement holders) Blue Box0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
rice
cotton
wheat
bovine
oilseeds
corn/maize
dairy
sugar
other
other grains
barley
pig meat
other livestock
horticultureValue of support relative to value of world production (FAO)JOB/AG/245  
 
- 13 - 
 
  Rice case study  
6.3   Notified Amber Box and Blue Box support provided to rice amounted to USD  26.5 billion. Of 
this, USD  0.3 billion was provided as CTAMS by FBTAMS entitlement holders (1.3%), USD  1.3 billion 
was provided by under de minimis  entitlements (5.0 %), and USD  75.7 million was provided under 
the Blue Box (0.3 %). The majority – USD 24.8 billion (93.4 %) was CTAMS above de minimis  by two 
non-FBTAMS entitlement holders.15  
 
6.4   Of total Amber and Blue Box support notified for rice, over 95 % was provided by three WTO 
Members, which represented almost 50 % of global rice production.  
Figure 12: Product -specific Amber and 
Blue Box Support  
 Figure  13: De minimis  remaining for  Members 
that have not exceeded their de minimis  
threshold (USD million)  
  
Figure  14: Export share of Members that 
provide domestic support to this commodity16 
 Figure  15: Amber and Blue Box support against 
de minimis  entitlements  
 
 
 
15 Subsequent notifications by one Member report  a substantial decrease in support lev els for rice from 
2020.   
16 These figures capture the share of exports by the 55 WTO Members included in this paper, regardless 
of which entitlement is used to provide the support or to what extent support is provided.  
CTAMS 
from 
FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holders
1.3%other 
support 
above de 
minimis
93.5%de minimis
5.0%Blue Box
0.3%
existing Amber and Blue Box support 26,527unutilised de minimis 5,401
no-support
support 0 -
5% of VoP support 5 -10% of VoPsupport 
greater than 
10% of VoP
China
 India
 Korea  Indonesia Chinese
Taipei
de minimis threshold
Amber and Blue Box support /VoPJOB/AG/245  
 
- 14 - 
 
  Table 6: Rice summary  
Member  FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holder?  CTAMS  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
(USD 
million)  Blue 
Box 
(USD 
million)  % of total 
notified 
Amber 
and Blue 
support to 
rice % of VOP  
from DS1 
else FAO 
where 
omitted  Net 
exports  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
remaining  
(USD 
million)  Share of 
world 
produc- 
tion Share 
of 
world 
exports  
China  No  18,453.8  0.0 0.0 69.57%  20.6%  -389.5  0.0 30.9%  4.4%  
India No  6,317.5  0.0 0.0 23.82%  13.7%  13,578.9  0.0 15.9%  28.1% 
Korea ,  
Republic of  Yes  0.0 490.1  0.0 1.85%  6.4%  -514.8  273.3  2.6%  0.1%  
Indonesia  No  0.0 302.4  0.0 1.14%  1.5%  -367.6  1,781.4  7.2%  0.0%  
Chinese Taipei  Yes  277.6  0.0 0.0 1.05%  21.5%  -59.8 0.0 0.4%  0.2%  
Others    81.6 528.1  75.7 2.58%  0.0%  3,667.5  3,346.0  22.6%  51.3% 
Totals    25,130.6  1,320.6  75.7 100.0%    15,914.7  5,400.7  64.7%  84.1% 
 
Cotton case study  
6.5   Notified Amber Box and Blue Box support provided to cotton amounted to USD  5.0 billion. Of 
this, USD  1.2 billion was provided as CTAMS by FBTAMS entitlement holders, USD  1.1 billion was 
provided by under de minimis  entitlements, and USD  2.6 billion was provided under the Blue Box.  
 
6.6   Of total Amber and Blue Box support notified for cotton, over 95.0 % was provided by four 
WTO Members. The top three supporters of cotton represented 86.5 % of global cotton production.  
Figure  16: Product -specific Amber and Blue 
Box support  
 Figure  17: De minimis  remaining for members 
that have not exceeded their de minimi s 
threshold (USD million)  
 
Figure  18: Export share of Members that 
provide domestic support to this commodity  
 Figure  19: Amber and Blue Box support against 
de minimis  entitlements17 
 
 
 
17 China, India and EU VoP based on FA O production data . 
CTAMS from 
FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holders
24.9%other support 
above de minimis
0.0%
de 
minimis
22.7%Blue Box
52.4%
existing Amber and Blue Box support 4,995unutilised de minimis 4,828
no-support
support 0 -
5% of VoP support 5 -10% of VoPsupport greater 
than 10% of VoP
China
 USA
 India  EU Turkey
de minimis threshold
Amber and Blue Box support /VoPJOB/AG/245  
 
- 15 - 
 
  Table 7: Cotton summary  
Member  FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holder?  CTAMS  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
(USD 
million)  Blue Box 
(USD 
million)  % of total 
notified 
Amber 
and Blue 
support 
to cotton  % of VOP  
from DS1 
else FAO 
where 
omitted  Net 
exports  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
remaining  
(USD 
million)  Share of 
world 
produc-
tion Share of 
world 
exports  
China  No  0.0 0.0 2,343.8  46.92%   6.8%18 -3,516.2  2,918.0  50.4%  0.6%  
US Yes  1,245.2  0.0 0.0 24.93%  18.2%  6,351.7  0.0 10.0%  37.9%  
India No  0.0 890.4  0.0 17.83%  5.0%19 -199.1  880.8  26.0%  6.9%  
EU Yes  0.0 0.0 274.3  5.49%   50.8%20 389.9  27.0 0.8%  4.5%  
Türkiye  No  0.0 238.2  0.0 4.77%  9.8%  -1,279.6  5.2 3.6%  1.9%  
Others    0.0 3.3 0.0 0.07%  0.0%  -1,343.1  997.1  17.6%  29.4%  
Totals    1,245.2  1,131.9  2,618.1  100.0%    403.5  4,828.1  97.4%  81.1%  
 
Wheat case study  
6.7   Notified Amber Box and Blue Box support provided to wheat amounted to USD  13.3 billion. Of 
this, USD  3.3 billion was provided as CTAMS by FBTAMS entitlement holders, USD  1.1 billion was 
provided by under de minimis  entitlements, and USD  130.1  million was provided under the Blue 
Box. The majority – USD 8.7 billion (65.7 %) – was CTAMS above de minimis  by one non -FBTAMS 
entitlement holder.21 
 
6.8   Of total Amber and Blue Box support notified for wheat, over 83 % was provided by two WTO 
Members who represented 37.6 % of global wheat production.   
Figure  20: Product -specific Amber and Blue 
Box support  
 Figure  21: De minimis  remaining for members 
that have not exceeded their de minimis 
threshold (USD million)  
 
 
18 Based on FAO production data . 
19 Based on FAO production data . 
20 Based on FAO production data . 
21 Subsequent notifications by this Member report  a substantial decrease in support levels for wheat  
from 2020.  
CTAMS from 
FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holders
24.7%
other support 
above de 
minimis 65.7%de 
minimis
8.6%Blue Box
1.0%
existing Amber and Blue Box support 13,281unutilised de minimis 5,005JOB/AG/245  
 
- 16 - 
 
  Figure 22: Export share of Members that 
provide domestic support to this commodity  
 Figure  23: Amber and Blue Box support against 
de minimis  entitlements22 
 
 
Table 8: Wheat summary  
Member  FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holder?  CTAMS  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
(USD 
million)  Blue Box 
(USD 
million)  % of total 
notified 
Amber 
and Blue 
support to 
wheat  % of VOP  
from DS1 
else FAO 
where 
omitted  Net 
exports  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
remaining  
(USD 
million)  Share of 
world 
produc-
tion Share 
of world 
exports  
China   No  8,726.1  0.0 0.0 65.70%  19.4%  -930.3  0.0 24.0%  1.1%  
EU Yes  2,189.4  0.0 130.1  17.46%  9.1%  9,362.8  0.0 13.6%  13.1%  
US Yes  802.6  0.0 0.0 6.04%  9.0%  2,317.1  0.0 4.7%  10.9%  
Pakistan  No  0.0 662.2  0.0 4.99%  8.4%  269.823 127.0  4.2%  0.3%  
India No  0.0 256.7  0.0 1.93%  0.8%24 471.3  2,864.8  16.6%  0.6%  
Others    286.7  227.7  0.0 3.87%  0.0%  -1,442.5  2,013.2  17.8%  35.0%  
Totals    12,004.7  1,146.6  130.1  100.0%    10,048.2  5,005.0  86.3%  60.9%  
 
Bovine case study  
6.9   Notified Amber Box and Blue Box support provided to bovine amounted to USD  8.5 billion. Of 
this, USD  6.1 billion was provided as CTAMS by FBTAMS entitlement holders, USD  414.0  million was 
provided by under de minimis  entitlements, and USD  1.9 billion was provided under the Blue Box.  
 
6.10   Of total Amber and Blue Box support notified for bovine, over 78 % was provided by two WTO 
Members, who represented 47.1 % of global bovine production.  
Figure  24: Product -specific Amber and Blue 
Box support  
 Figure  25: De minimis  remaining for members 
that have not exceeded their de minimis  
threshold (USD million)  
 
 
22 India VoP  based on FAO production data.  
23 Pakistan is not a significant export er of wheat, with two -way volumes varying substantially across 
recent years. Pakistan was net -importer of wheat and wheat products in 2020 and 2021.  
24 Based on FAO production data . 
no-support
support 0 -
5% of VoPsupport 
5-10% of 
VoPsupport greater than 10% of VoP
China
 EU
 USA  Pakistan India
de minimis threshold
Amber and Blue Box support /VoP
CTAMS from FBTAMS 
entitlement holders 72.4%other 
support 
above de 
minimis 0.0%de 
minimis
4.9%Blue Box
22.7%
existing Amber and Blue Box support 8,452unutilised de minimis 13,059JOB/AG/245  
 
- 17 - 
 
  Figure  26: Export share of Members that 
provide domestic support to this commodity  
 Figure  27: Amber and Blue Box support against 
de minimis  entitlements  
 
 
Table 9: Bovine summary  
Member  FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holder?  CTAMS  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
(USD 
million)  Blue Box 
(USD 
million)  % of total 
notified 
Amber 
and Blue 
support 
to bovine  % of VOP  
from DS1 
else FAO 
where 
omitted  Net 
exports  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
remaining  
(USD 
million)  Share of 
world 
produc-
tion Share of 
world 
exports  
US Yes  4,614.5  0.0 0.0 54.59%  9.6%  655.7  0.0 28.4%  13.1%  
EU Yes  0.0 102.9  1,891.7  23.60%  6.3%  705.8  1,478.8  18.6%  4.1%  
Japan  Yes  1,503.5  0.0 0.0 17.79%  20.8%  -4,288.2  0.0 4.3%  0.4%  
Russia n 
Fed. Yes  0.0 88.9 0.0 1.05%  1.5%  -1,392.7  203.8  3.4%  0.1%  
Saudi 
Arabia , 
Kingdom 
of Yes 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.89%  3.3%  -535.3  153.7  1.3%  0.0%  
Others    0.0 147.1  28.7 2.08%  0.0%  5,359.4  11,222.8  69.4%  48.7%  
Totals    6,118.0  414.0  1,920.4  100.0%    504.7  13,059.0  88.6%  66.5%  
 
Corn/maize case study  
6.11   Notified Amber Box and Blue Box support provided to corn/maize amounted to 
USD 8.3 billion. Of this, USD  4.7 billion was provided as CTAMS by FBTAMS entitlement holders, 
USD 414.9  million was provided by under de minimis  entitlements, and USD  3.2 billion was provided 
under the Blue Box.  
 
6.12   Of total Amber and Blue Box support notified for corn/maize, over 94 % was provided by two 
WTO Members, who represen ted 60.4 % of global corn/maize production.  
Figure  28: Product -specific Amber and Blue 
Box support  
 Figure  29: De minimis  remaining for Members 
that have not exceeded their de minimis  
threshold (USD million)  
 
no-supportsupport 0 -5% 
of VoPsupport 5 -
10% of VoPsupport greater than 10% of VoP
USA
 EU
 Japan  Russia Saudi Arabia
de minimis threshold
Amber and Blue Box support /VoP
CTAMS from 
FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holders
56.3%other support above de 
minimis 0.0%
de 
minimis
5.0%Blue Box
38.7%
existing Amber and Blue Box support 8,331unutilised de minimis 15,095JOB/AG/245  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Figure  30: Export share of Members that 
provide domestic support to this commodity  
 Figure  31: Amber and Blue Box support against 
de minimis  entitlements25 
 
Table 10: Corn/maize summary  
Member  FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holder?  CTAMS  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
(USD 
million)  Blue Box 
(USD 
million)  % of total 
notified 
Amber 
and Blue 
support 
to corn 
/maize  % of VOP  
from DS1 
else FAO 
where 
omitted  Net 
exports  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
remaining  
(USD 
million)  Share of 
world 
produc-
tion Share of 
world 
exports  
US Yes  4,636.0  11.7 0.0 55.78%  9.3%  7,979.3  0.0 19.2%  22.4%  
China  No  0.0 0.0 3,221.9  38.67%   3.0%26 -919.6  9,064.3  41.1%  0.4%  
Mexico  Yes  0.0 251.4  0.0 3.02%  4.6%  -2,899.3  300.1  2.1%  0.9%  
Türkiye  No  0.0 82.8 0.0 0.99%  5.9%  -642.5  57.1 0.5%  0.7%  
Thailand  Yes  46.9 0.0 0.0 0.56%  4.2%27  121.5  0.0 0.4%  0.7%  
Others    11.8 69.0 0.0 0.97%  0.0%  -4,038.1  5,673.3  24.0%  43.4%  
Totals    4,694.6  414.9  3,221.9  100.0%    -398.7  15,094.7  89.2%  68.6%  
 
Dairy case study  
6.13   Notified Amber Box and Blue Box support provided to dairy amounted to USD  10.3 billion. Of 
this, USD  4.5 billion was provided as CTAMS by FBTAMS entitlement holders, USD  4.6 billion was 
provided by under de minimis  entitlements, and USD  1.1 billion was provided under the Blue Box.  
 
6.14   Of total Amber and Blue Box support notified for dairy, over 68 % was provided by two WTO 
Members, who represented less than 30 % of global dairy production.  
Figure  32: Product -specific Amber and Blue 
Box support  
 Figure  33: De minimis  remaining for members 
that have not exceeded their de minimis  
threshold (USD million)  
 
 
25 China and Thailand VoP based on FAO production data . 
26 Based on FAO production data . 
27 Based on FAO production data . 
no-supportsupport 0 -
5% of VoPsupport 5 -10% of VoP
USA
 China
 Mexico  Turkey Thailand
de minimis threshold
Amber and Blue Box support /VoP
CTAMS from 
FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holders
44.3%
other support above de 
minimis 0.0%de minimis
44.9%Blue Box
10.8%
existing Amber and Blue Box support 10,253unutilised de minimis 15,942JOB/AG/245  
 
- 19 - 
 
  Figure  34: Export share of Members that 
provide domestic support to this commodity  
 Figure  35: Amber and Blue Box support against 
de m inimis  entitlements28 
 
Table 11: Dairy summary  
Member  FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holder?  CTAMS  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
(USD 
million)  Blue Box 
(USD 
million)  % of total 
notified 
Amber 
and Blue 
support 
to dairy  % of VOP  
from DS1 
else FAO 
where 
omitted  Net 
exports  
(USD 
million)  de 
minimis  
remaining  
(USD 
million)  Share of 
world 
produc-
tion Share of 
world 
exports  
European 
Union  Yes  0.0 3,598.7  1,028.9  45.13%  7.6%  12,001.9  -564.3  17.4%  15.8%  
United 
States  Yes  2,396.4  0.0 0.0 23.37%  5.9%  2,553.1  0.0 11.6%  5.9%  
Norway  Yes  626.7  0.0 83.1 6.92%   76.4%29 -56.6 0.0 0.3%  0.1%  
Canada  Yes  553.3  0.0 0.0 5.40%  10.8%  -213.3  0.0 1.5%  0.4%  
Russia n 
Fed. Yes  0.0 528.1  0.0 5.15%  3.9%  -2,427.9  142.7  3.8%  0.3%  
Others    962.5  475.4  0.0 14.02%  0.0%  -7,334.1  16,363.5  52.5%  23.2%  
Totals    4,539.0  4,602.2  1,112.0  100.0%    4,523.2  15,941.9  89.3%  45.8%  
 
28 Norway VoP based on FAO production data.  
29 Based on FAO production data . 
no-support
support 
0-5% of 
VoPsupport 5 -
10% of VoPsupport greater than 10% of VoP
EU
 USA
 Norway  Canada Russia
de minimis threshold
Amber and Blue Box support /VoP 
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 20 - ANNEX 1: FBTAMS ENTITLEMENT HOLDERS  
 
WTO Member  de minimis 
entitlement 
(VoP) FBTAMS 
Entitlement based 
on Member 's 
Notifications  Currency  Exchange 
Rate 
Used1 FBTAMS 
Entitlements 
(USD million)  % share of 
total 
FBTAMS 
entitlement  Most recent 
DS:1 
notification  Document 
number  Amendment  
1. Argentina  10.0%  75,021,292  USD 1.00 75.02  0.04%  2019/20  51  
2. Australia  5.0%  471,860,000  AUD 1.34 352.55  0.21%  2018/19  142  
3. Brazil  10.0%  912,105,150  USD 1.00 912.11  0.54%  2019/20  69  
4. Canada  5.0%  4,301,000,000  CAD 1.30 3,319.14  1.95%  2018 151  
5. Colombia  10.0%  344,733,000  USD 1.00 344.73  0.20%  2019 75  
6. Costa Rica  10.0%  15,945,000  USD 1.00 15.95  0.01%  2020 83  
7. European Union2 5.0%  72,378,000,000  EUR 0.89 81,025.33  47.53%  2019/20  79 Corr.1  
8. Iceland  5.0%  130,100,000  SDR 0.72 179.75  0.11%  2020 57  
9. Israel  10.0%  568,980,000  USD 1.00 568.98  0.33%  2020 81 Corr.1  
10. Japan  5.0%  3,972,900,000,000  JPY 109.01  36,445.39  21.38%  2020/21  277  
11. Jordan  10.0%  1,333,973  JOD 0.71 1.88  0.00%  2014 20 Rev.1  
12. Korea , Rep. of  10.0%  1,490,000,000,000  KRW 1,100.50  1,353.93  0.79%  2018 82  
13. Mexico  10.0%  25,161,960,000  Mex$  1.96 12,822.73  7.52%  2020 56  
14. Moldova , Rep. of  5.0%  12,780,000  SDR 0.72 17.66  0.01%  2016 11  
15. Montenegro  5.0%  333,278  EUR 0.89 0.37  0.00%  2013 5  
16. Morocco  10.0%  685,000,000  MAD 9.62 71.23  0.04%  2007 37  
17. North Macedonia  5.0%  16,300,000  EUR 0.89 18.25  0.01%  2007 10  
18. Norway  5.0%  11,449,000,000  NOK 8.80 1,301.02  0.76%  2020 119 Corr.1  
19. New Zealand  5.0%  288,250,000  NZD 1.52 189.90  0.11%  2020 132  
20. Papua New Guinea  10.0%  34,200,000  USD 1.00 34.20  0.02%  2017 1  
21. Russia n Fed.  5.0%  4,400,000,000  USD 1.00 4,400.00  2.58%  2020 37  
22. Saudi Arabia ,  
Kingdom of  10.0%  3,218,280,000  SAR 3.75 858.21  0.50%  2019 24  
23. South Africa  5.0% 2,015,421,000  R 14.45  139.49  0.08%  2014 88  
 
1 Exchange rates are IMF International Financial Statistics, calendar year 2019 for all WTO Members listed except Australia (20 18), Canada (2018), Republic of 
Korea (2018) and Thailand (2016) to better align with the most recent DS:1 notifications these Mem bers had submitted as at 5 January 2023.  
2 The United Kingdom is included as part of the European Union in this paper.   
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 21 -  
WTO Member  de minimis 
entitlement 
(VoP) FBTAMS 
Entitlement based 
on Member 's 
Notifications  Currency  Exchange 
Rate 
Used1 FBTAMS 
Entitlements 
(USD million)  % share of 
total 
FBTAMS 
entitlement  Most recent 
DS:1 
notification  Document 
number  Amendment  
24. Switzerland  5.0%  4,257,000,000  CHF 0.99 4,283.67  2.51%  2020 114  
25. Chinese Taipei  5.0%  14,165,150,000  NT$ 30.93  458.02  0.27%  2019 207  
26. Tajikistan  10.0%  183,670,000  USD 1.00 183.67  0.11%  2018 6  
27. Thailand  10.0%  19,028,480,000  Baht 35.30  539.11  0.32%  2016 85  
28. Tunisia  10.0%  59,300,000  TND 2.93 20.21  0.01%  2019 60  
29. Ukraine  5.0%  3,043,400,000  Hrv 25.85  117.75  0.07%  2012 26 Corr.1  
30. United States  5.0%  19,103,294,000  USD 1.00 19,103.29  11.21%  2020 166  
31. Venezuela , Bolivarian  
Rep. of  10.0%  1,130,667,000  USD 1.00 1,130.67  0.66%  1998 19  
32. Viet Nam 10.0%  3,961,590,000,000  VND 23,050.24  171.87  0.10%  2019 19  
      170,456.07      
  
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 22 - ANNEX 2: MEMBERS INCLUDED IN ANALYSIS  
 
WTO Member  Notification 
Year Document 
Number  Amendment  de minimis  
entitlement as 
a % of VoP VoP (WTO 
notification)  
USD million  VoP, 2019 
(FAO)  
USD million  VoP (WTO notification if 
present, FAO otherwise)  
USD million  de minimis  
entitlement  
USD million  
1. Argentina  2019/20  51 Corr.1  10.0%  49,784.77  38,179.05  49,784.77  9,956.95  
2. Australia  2018/19  142   5.0%  45,567.43  35,076.93  45,567.43  4,556.74  
3. Bahrain , Kingdom of  2019 14   10.0%  N/A 33.69  33.69  6.74 
4. Bolivia , Plurinational  
State of  2019 30   10.0%  N/A 6,744.27  6,744.27  1,348.85  
5. Botswana  2019/20  37   10.0%  N/A 76.91  76.91  15.38  
6. Brazil  2019/20  69   10.0%  145,313.48  146,104.63  145,313.48  29,062.70  
7. Canada  2018 151   5.0%  48,649.12  31,498.95  48,649.12  4,864.91  
8. Chile 2019 62   10.0%  14,063.22  16,147.12  14,063.22  2,812.64  
9. China  2019 64   8.5%  1,518,538.70  1,531,900.40  1,518,538.70  258,151.58  
10. Colombia  2019 75   10.0%  0.00 54,151.71  54,151.71  10,830.34  
11. Congo  2019 8   10.0%  N/A 4,203.91  4,203.91  840.78  
12. Costa Rica  2019 78   10.0%  N/A 3,843.45  3,843.45  768.69  
13. Côte d'Ivoire  2019 27   10.0%  N/A 13,208.89  13,208.89  2,641.78  
14. Cuba 2019 65   10.0%  N/A N/A N/A N/A 
15. Dominican Republic  2019 43   10.0%  2,647.11  15,165.32  2,647.11  529.42  
16. European Union1 2019/20  79   5.0%  428,072.50  358,122.82  428,072.50  42,807.25  
17. Georgia  2019 23   5.0%  N/A 890.60  890.60  89.06  
18. Guatemala  2019 68   10.0%  N/A N/A N/A N/A 
19. Guinea  2019 12   10.0%  N/A 1,858.00  1,858.00  371.60  
20. Hong Kong, China  2019 48   5.0%  N/A 48.29  48.29  4.83 
21. Iceland  2019 56   5.0%  0.00 263.79  263.79  26.38  
22. India 2019/20  25   10.0%  0.00 407,768.37  407,768.37  81,553.67  
23. Indonesia  2019 68   10.0%  0.00 99,235.47  99,235.47  19,847.09  
24. Israel  2019 80 Corr.1  10.0%  8,579.37  5,257.34  8,579.37  1,715.87  
25. Japan  2019/20  276   5.0%  83,575.16  66,104.28  83,575.16  8,357.52  
26. Korea , Rep. of  2018 82   10.0%  47,723.58  37,667.64  47,723.58  9,544.72  
 
1 The United Kingdom is included as part of the European Union in this paper.   
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 23 -  
WTO Member  Notification 
Year Document 
Number  Amendment  de minimis  
entitlement as 
a % of VoP VoP (WTO 
notification)  
USD million  VoP, 2019 
(FAO)  
USD million  VoP (WTO notification if 
present, FAO otherwise)  
USD million  de minimis  
entitlement  
USD million  
27. Kyrgyz Republic  2019 34   10.0%  2,936.98  1,805.05  2,936.98  587.40  
28. Lesotho  2019/20  14 Rev.1  10.0%  N/A N/A N/A N/A 
29. Macao, China  2019 47   10.0%  N/A N/A N/A N/A 
30. Mauritius  2019 15   10.0%  407.04  319.95  407.04  81.41  
31. Mexico  2019 55   10.0%  51,025.21  54,132.36  51,025.21  10,205.04  
32. Mongolia  2019 21   10.0%  N/A 1,182.12  1,182.12  236.42  
33. Nigeria  2019 20   10.0%  N/A 46,769.93  46,769.93  9,353.99  
34. Norway  2019 114   5.0%  4,103.90  3,321.40  4,103.90  410.39  
35. New Zealand  2019 119   5.0%  N/A 11,101.32  11,101.32  1,110.13  
36. Oman  2019 26   10.0%  N/A 322.65  322.65  64.53  
37. Pakistan  2015/16  20 Corr.1  10.0%  64,754.09  33,673.42  64,754.09  12,950.82  
38. Panama  2019 54   10.0%  0.00 891.20  891.20  178.24  
39. Paraguay  2019 33   10.0%  N/A 6,897.55  6,897.55  1,379.51  
40. Philippines  2019 75   10.0%  0.00 30,960.10  30,960.10  6,192.02  
41. Russia n Federation  2019 34   5.0%  89,624.75  81,876.84  89,624.75  8,962.48  
42. Saint Vincent and 
the Grenadines  2019 19   10.0%  N/A 111.93  111.93  22.39  
43. Samoa  2019/20  12   10.0%  N/A 122.17  122.17  24.43  
44. Saudi Arabia , 
Kingdom of  2019 24   10.0%  17,654.40  14,680.17  17,654.40  3,530.88  
45. Singapore  2019 34   10.0%  N/A 94.66  94.66  18.93  
46. Switzerland  2019 109 Add.1  5.0%  11,048.88  6,969.77  11,048.88  1,104.89  
47. Chinese Taipei  2019 207   5.0%  13,756.63  N/A 13,756.63  1,375.66  
48. Tajikistan  2018 6   10.0%  N/A 2,116.46  2,116.46  423.29  
49. Thailand  2016 85   10.0%  0.00 39,126.19  39,126.19  7,825.24  
50. Tonga  2019/20  13   10.0%  N/A N/A N/A N/A 
51. Tunisia  2019 60   10.0%  5,147.50  4,159.35  5,147.50  1,029.50  
52. Türkiye  2016 50   10.0%  89,824.49  56,757.59  89,824.49  17,964.90  
53. United Arab Emirates  2019 17   10.0%  N/A N/A N/A N/A 
54. United States  2019/20  157   5.0%  357,309.00  282,496.94  357,309.00  35,730.90  
55. Viet Nam 2019 19   10.0%  29,599.34  42,033.31  29,599.34  5,919.87   
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 24 - ANNEX 3: COMMODITY GROUPINGS  
 
Commodity1 Group  
Aid for bananas (Title III, Regulation 
247/2006).  Horticulture  
Alfalfa seed  Other  
Almonds  Horticulture  
Apple  Horticulture  
Apples  Horticulture  
Apricots  Horticulture  
Artichokes  Horticulture  
Asparagus  Horticulture  
Aubergines  Horticulture  
Avocados  Horticulture  
Banana  Horticulture  
Barley  Barley  
Beans  Other  
Beans (fresh & processing)  Other  
Bee keeping  Other livestock  
Beef Bovine  
Beef and veal  Bovine  
Beef cattle & calves  Bovine  
Beef cattle and calves  Bovine  
Beekeeping  Other livestock  
Bison  Other livestock  
Blueberries  Horticulture  
Blueberry  Horticulture  
Bovine animals  Bovine  
Bovine meat  Bovine  
Broccoli  Horticulture  
Buckwheat  Other grains  
Buffalo, cow  Bovine  
Butter  Dairy  
Cabbage  Horticulture  
Canola  Oilseeds  
Cantaloupes  Horticulture  
Carambola  Horticulture  
Carrot  Horticulture  Commodity1 Group  
Carrots  Horticulture  
Cashew  Horticulture  
Cassava  Horticulture  
Cattle  Bovine  
Cattle milk  Dairy  
Cauliflower  Horticulture  
Celery  Horticulture  
Cereal  Wheat  
Cereals  Wheat  
Cereals (TH)  Corn/maize  
Cherries  Horticulture  
Chicken  Other livestock  
Chickpeas  Other  
Chile peppers  Horticulture  
Chinese Cabbage  Horticulture  
Cider Horticulture  
Citrus  Horticulture  
Citrus fruit  Horticulture  
Citrus fruits  Horticulture  
Clementines  Horticulture  
Coarse cereal  Corn/maize  
Coarse cereals  (bajra, jowar, maize, 
barley)  Corn/maize  
Coffee  Other  
Common wheat  Wheat  
Corn Corn/maize  
Corn producer subsidies  Corn/maize  
Cotton  Cotton  
Cotton (Title IV, Chapter 10a of R 
1782/2003 and Title IV, Chapter 1 of 
Regulation 73/2009)  Cotton  
Cotton target price subsidies  Cotton  
Cow Bovine  
Cranberries  Horticulture  
Cucumbers  Horticulture   
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 25 - Commodity1 Group  
Cultivated wild rice  Rice 
Dairy  Dairy  
Dairy (milk)  Dairy  
Dates  Horticulture  
Deer Other livestock  
Deer (in captivity)  Other livestock  
Dry beans  Other  
Dry peas  Other  
Durum wheat  Wheat  
Eggs Other livestock  
Elk (in captivity)  Other livestock  
Equine  Other livestock  
Ethyl alcoho l of ag origin  Other  
Feed Corn  Corn/maize  
Figs Horticulture  
Fixed yield support: Structural 
Income Support (Art. 6:5 (a)(ii))  Non-specific  
Flax and hemp  Oilseeds  
Flaxseed  Oilseeds  
Flowers  Horticulture  
Forage crops  Other  
Fruit Horticulture  
Fruit and vegetables  Horticulture  
Fruit growers (bat net scheme)  Horticulture  
Fruits  Horticulture  
Fruits (not citrus)  Horticulture  
Fruits other than citrus  Horticulture  
Fruits, berries and vegetables  Horticulture  
Garlic  Horticulture  
Ginseng  Horticulture  
Goat Other livestock  
Goat meat  Other livestock  
Goat milk  Dairy  
Goats  Other livestock  
Grape  Horticulture  
Grapefruit  Horticulture  
Grapes  Horticulture  
Grapes/raisins  Horticulture  Commodity1 Group  
Grass seed  Other  
Green onion  Horticulture  
Green peas  Horticulture  
Groundnut  Horticulture  
Hay and forage  Other  
Hazelnuts  Horticulture  
Headage support, animals (Art. 6:5 
(a)(iii))  Non-specific  
Hogs and pigs  Pig meat  
Honey  Other livestock  
Honey/apiculture  Other livestock  
Hops Horticulture  
Horsemeat  Other livestock  
Horses  Other livestock  
Horticulture  Horticulture  
Horticulture (cucumbers, peppers and 
tomatoes)  Horticulture  
Horticulture (electricity)  Horticulture  
Kiwifruit  Horticulture  
Legumes and pulses  Other  
Lemons  Horticulture  
Lemons/limes  Horticulture  
Lentiles  Other  
Lentils  Other  
Lettuce  Horticulture  
Livestock [Saudi Arabia]  Bovine  
Livestock support  Bovine  
Llamas  Other livestock  
Macadamia nuts  Horticulture  
Maize  Corn/maize  
Maize (corn)  Corn/maize  
Mandarines  Horticulture  
Mandarins  Horticulture  
Mango  Horticulture  
Maple Products  Horticulture  
Maté Other  
Meat Other livestock  
Meat of Bovine  Bovine   
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 26 - Commodity1 Group  
Meat of bovine animals  Bovine  
Meat of poultry  Other livestock  
Meat of swine  Pig meat  
Melon  Horticulture  
Milk Dairy  
Milk and milk products  Dairy  
Millet  Other grains  
Mint Horticulture  
Miscellaneous Crops  Other grains  
Mushroom  Horticulture  
Mushrooms  Horticulture  
Mustard  Horticulture  
Nectarines  Horticulture  
Non-specific  Non-specific  
Nursery  Horticulture  
Oat Other grains  
Oats Other grains  
Oilseeds  Oilseeds  
Olive Oil  Horticulture  
Olive Oils  Horticulture  
Olives  Horticulture  
Onion  Horticulture  
Onions  Horticulture  
Orange  Horticulture  
Oranges  Horticulture  
Orchards, vineyards, nursery  Horticulture  
Orchards, vineyards, nursery and 
related crops  Horticulture  
Other cereals (barley, rye, oat, 
triticale)  Barley  
Other crops  Other  
Other crops products  Other grains  
Other grain legumes  Other  
Other grains, oilseeds and forage 
crops  Other grains  
Other Livestock  Other livestock  
Other livestock (livestock, rabbit, 
reindeer, pigeons and eggs)  Other livestock  Commodity1 Group  
Other Livestock s (rabbit, reindeer, 
eggs)  Other livestock  
Other products  Other  
Other products not mentioned in 
Annex X to R 1580/2007  Other  
Paddy  Rice 
Papaya  Horticulture  
Peaches  Horticulture  
Peanuts  Horticulture  
Pears  Horticulture  
Pecans  Horticulture  
Pepper  Horticulture  
Peppers  Horticulture  
Pig Pig meat  
Pigmeat  Pig meat  
Pistachios  Horticulture  
Plums/prunes  Horticulture  
Popcorn  Corn/maize  
Pork Pig meat  
Potato  Horticulture  
Potatoes  Horticulture  
Poultry  Other livestock  
Poultrymeat  Other livestock  
Pulses  Other  
Pulses (gram, arhar, urad, moong 
and lentils)  Other  
Pumpkins  Horticulture  
Quality incentive support programme 
for beef (Art 6:5  (a) (ii)) Bovine  
Radish  Horticulture  
Rape Oilseeds  
Rapeseed  Oilseeds  
Rapeseed/mustard  Oilseeds  
Raspberries  Horticulture  
Red pepper  Horticulture  
Regional Deficiency Payment to Meat 
Production (Art. 6:5 (a) (ii))  Non-specific   
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 27 - Commodity1 Group  
Regional Deficiency Payment to Milk 
Production (Art. 6:5  (a) (ii)) Dairy  
Rice Rice 
Rice in husk  Rice 
Root crops  Horticulture  
Rye Other grains  
Safflower  Oilseeds  
Satsumas  Horticulture  
Seed Other  
Seeds  Other  
Sesame  Oilseeds  
Sheep  Other livestock  
Sheep and goat meat  Other livestock  
Sheep and Goats  Other livestock  
Sheep and lambs  Other livestock  
Sheep meat  Other livestock  
Sheepmeat  Other livestock  
Skimmed milk powder  Dairy  
Skimmed Milk Powder - SMP Dairy  
Sorghum  Other grains  
Soya Oilseeds  
Soya beans  Oilseeds  
Soyabean Yellow  Oilseeds  
Soybean  Oilseeds  
Soybeans  Oilseeds  
Special Crops  Other  
Spinach  Horticulture  
Squash  Horticulture  
Starch  Other  
Strawberries  Horticulture  
Sugar  Sugar  
Sugar beet  Sugar  
Sugar Cane  Sugar  
Sugarcane  Sugar  
Sunflower  Oilseeds  
Sunflowers  Oilseeds  
Support to small and medium size 
dairy farms (Art 6:5  (a) (ii)) Dairy  Commodity1 Group  
Sweet corn  Corn/maize  
Sweet potatoes  Horticulture  
Swine  Pig meat  
Swine meat  Pig meat  
Tangelos  Horticulture  
Tangerines/mandarins  Horticulture  
Tangerines/mandarins/tangelos  Horticulture  
Tea Other  
Tea support Scheme  Other  
Tobacco  Other  
Tobacco leaves  Other  
Tomatoes  Horticulture  
Tree nuts  Horticulture  
Turkey  Other livestock  
Unknown  Unknown  
Vegetable  Horticulture  
Vegetables  Horticulture  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid – BEEF Bovine  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - DAIRY AND MILK 
PRODUCTS  Dairy  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - FLEX and HEMP  Oilseeds  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - FRUIT AND 
VEGETABLES  Horticulture  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid – HOPS  Horticulture  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid – NUTS  Horticulture  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid – OILSEEDS  Oilseeds  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - OLIVE OILS  Horticulture  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - PROTEIN CROPS 
including soybeans  Oilseeds   
  JOB/AG/245  
 
- 28 - Commodity1 Group  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - RICE Rice 
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - SEEDS  Horticulture  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - SHEEP AND 
GOAT MEAT  Other livestock  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - SILKWORMS  Other  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - STARCH POTATO  Horticulture  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - SUGAR BEET  Sugar  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid - TOBACCO  Other  
Voluntary Coupled Support including 
Trans National Aid* - CEREALS  Wheat  
Walnut  Horticulture  
Walnuts  Horticulture  
Watermelon  Horticulture  
Wheat  Wheat  
Wheat and durum  Wheat  
Wine Horticulture  
Wines  Horticulture  
Wool Other livestock  
 
1 Names of commodities are represented as reported in Members' DS1 Notifications, entered here without amendment for consistency or correction.  
 JOB/AG/245  
 
- 29 - 
 
  ANNEX 4: SUPPORT LEVELS BY COMMODITY GROUP  
Commodity 
group  de minimis  
USD 
million  Support in excess of 
de minimis  without 
FBTAMS entitlement  
USD million  CTAMS for 
FBTAMS 
entitlement 
holders  
USD million  Blue Box  
USD million  World 
production  
USD million  Total 
support % 
of VOP 
(FAO)  
Rice 1,320.6  24,793.8  336.8  75.7 289,762.7  9.2%  
Cotton  1,131.9  0.0 1,245.2  2,618.1  68,062.1  7.3%  
Wheat  1,146.6  8,726.1  3,278.6  130.1  188,020.7  7.1%  
Bovine  414.0  0.0 6,118.0  1,920.4  169,701.2  5.0%  
Oilseeds  341.8  2,579.4  2,067.9  519.7  161,364.6  3.4%  
Corn/Maize  414.9  0.0 4,694.6  3,221.9  259,166.7  3.2%  
Dairy  4,602.2  0.0 4,539.0  1,112.0  349,688.2  2.9%  
Sugar  189.5  0.0 2,065.5  202.1  143,779.7  1.7%  
Other  1,322.7  0.0 444.2  72.8 132,209.6  1.4%  
Other Grains  50.5 0.0 259.5  0.0 30,851.0  1.0%  
Barley  74.1 0.0 138.2  0.0 28,908.0  0.7%  
Pig Meat 1,212.4  0.0 254.4  0.0 301,803.1  0.5%  
Other Livestock  197.6  0.0 990.5  652.8  461,474.6  0.4%  
Horticulture  2,713.6  0.0 676.3  625.2  1,490,040.9  0.3%  
Total  15,132.5  36,099.2  27,108.6  11,150.6  4,074,833.2    
 
 
__________