WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1  
 
11 December 2015  
(15-6544)  Page: 1/31  
Trade Policy Review Body  Original: English  
 
TRADE POLICY REVIEW 
REPORT BY 
ANGOLA  
Revision 
Pursuant to the Agreement Establishing the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (Annex 3 of the 
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization), the policy statement by Angola 
is attached. 
 
 WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 2 - 
 
  Contents 
1   INTROD UCTION  .......................................................................................................... 4  
2   ELEMENTS OF THE ECONOMICAL CONTEXT IN ANGOLA ............................................... 4  
2.1   Macroecono mic policies .............................................................................................. 4  
2.1.1   Macroeconomic policy .............................................................................................. 4  
2.1.1.1   Fi scal po licy........................................................................................................ . 4 
2.1.1.2   Monetary, exchange  and financial policy .................................................................. 6  
2.1.1.3   Income and price policy ........................................................................................ 6  
2.2   Structur al refo rms ..................................................................................................... 6 
2.2.1   Financial services .................................................................................................... 6  
2.2.2   State-owne d enterprises .......................................................................................... 7  
2.3   Construction and rehabilitation of  economic and social  infrastructures ............................... 7  
2.3.1   Economic infrastructure ........................................................................................... 7  
2.3.1.1   Agriculture ......................................................................................................... . 7 
2.3.1.2   Energy and water ................................................................................................. 8  
2.3.1.3   Urban planning, construction and transport .............................................................. 8  
2.3.1.4   Telecommunications an d information te chnology ...................................................... 9  
2.3.2   Social infrastruc ture ............................................................................................... 10 
2.4   External sector ec onomy ........................................................................................... 10 
2.4.1   Balance of payments .............................................................................................. 10 
2.4.2   External debt ........................................................................................................ 11 
2.5   Investment promotion policy ...................................................................................... 11 
2.5.1   Instruments to pr omote economic activity ................................................................. 11 
2.5.2   Special Economic Zone an d Industrial Deve lopment Hubs ............................................ 12 
3   TRADE POLICY .......................................................................................................... 13  
3.1   By sector ................................................................................................................. 13 
3.1.1   Primary sector ....................................................................................................... 13 
3.1.1.1   Agriculture .........................................................................................................  13 
3.1.1.2   Fishing ............................................................................................................. . 15 
3.1.1.3   Salt production ................................................................................................... 17 
3.1.1.4   Geology and mining ............................................................................................. 17 
3.1.2   Second ary sector ................................................................................................... 18 
3.1.2.1   O il indust ry ........................................................................................................  19 
3.1.3   Tertiary sector ....................................................................................................... 20 
3.1.3.1   Financial services ................................................................................................ 20 
3.1.3.2   Hospital ity and tourism ........................................................................................ 21 
3.1.4   Povert y reduction .................................................................................................. 21 
3.2   Trade policy  implementation ...................................................................................... 22 
3.3   Cooperation agreements  on trade and development ...................................................... 22 
3.3.1   Bilateral cooper ation trade ag reements ..................................................................... 23 WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 3 - 
 
  3.3.2   Regional tr ading arrang ements ................................................................................ 23 
3.3.3   International agreements ........................................................................................ 23 
3.3.4   Trade agreements for development and cooperat ion ................................................... 24 
3.3.5   Preferential trade agreements .................................................................................. 24 
4   ANGOLA AND THE MULTIL ATERAL TRADING SYSTEM ................................................ 25  
4.1   Some specific WTO issues .......................................................................................... 25 
4.1.1   Impl ementation ..................................................................................................... 25 
4.1.2   Special and differential treatment ............................................................................. 25 
4.1.3   Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 25 
4.1.4   Non-Agricultural  Market Acce ss (NAM A) .................................................................... 26 
4.1.5   Services .............................................................................................................. . 26 
4.1.6   Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectu al Property Rights and Public Health ......................... 28 
4.1.7   Trade facilitation .................................................................................................... 28 
4.1.8   Rules and trade meas ures ....................................................................................... 29 
4.1.9   Sanitary and ph ytosanitary measures ....................................................................... 30 
4.2   Techni cal support ..................................................................................................... 30 
4.2.1   Implementati on of agreements ................................................................................ 30 
4.2.2   Increase of the offer and trad e support ..................................................................... 30 
4.2.3   Creation of a National  Executive Secret ariat fo r WTO .................................................. 30 
4.2.4   National Agency for the Promotion of  the Ex ports ....................................................... 30 
5   CONC LUSION............................................................................................................. 31  
 
  WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 4 - 
 
  1  INTRODUCTION 
1.1.  After the national peace process of 2002, the Republic of Angola continued its 
democratization process, culminating with the general elections of 2008 and 2012. 
1.2.  Since the first Trade Policy Review, whic h took place in 2006, the Republic of Angola 
continued to register a remarkable economic growth. At political level, it was defined, in 2010, a 
New Constitution that guarantees political stability, based on respect for the individual and collective freedom of citizens. 
1.3.  The Angolan Government approved its long-term National Development Strategy, named 
"Angola 2025", materialized in the National De velopment Plan 2013-2017 ("Plano Nacional de 
Desenvolvimento" - PND). As a result, the country entered in phase characterized by 
modernization and development sustainability, ce ntred on stability, growth and empowerment of 
Angolan citizens. 
1.4.  With the implementation of PND, the basi c services have shown improvements, namely water 
and electricity supply to the population. 
1.5.  In 2014, the Republic of Angola conducted its first General Census of Population and Housing 
to obtain information regarding the characteristics of the national population and housing, creating 
a base for the consolidation of both public and private interventions, within the scope of 
development policies. According to the preliminary results of the Census, the country has a 
population of 24.4 million inhabitants. 
1.6.  In order to accelerate the diversificat ion of the Economy, the Angolan Government has 
defined in its policies the "Promotion of Entrepreneurship and the Development of the National 
Private Sector"  ("Angola Investe" Program), prioritizing among others the clusters: Food and 
Agro-industry, Energy and Water, Housing, Transports and Logistics. In same path, the Government approved the National Strategy for the Development of Exports, aiming to improve 
the business environment and the private investment. 
2  ELEMENTS OF THE ECONOMICAL CONTEXT IN ANGOLA 2.1  Macroeconomic policies 
2.1.1  Macroeconomic policy 
2.1.  The key objective of Angola's macroeconomic policy is to create conditions for stability, 
effectiveness and efficiency necessary for the ec onomy, and to guarantee the sustainability of 
long-term development. 
2.2.  In the period between 2006 and 2014, the Angolan economy has grown with an average 
annual rate of 6.76%, being characterized by thr ee key stages: (i) a first one of high growth 
between 2006 and 2008, achieving macroeconomic stability and registering annual rates of 
11.55%, 14.01% and 11.17%, respectively; (ii) a second stage, affected by the world financial 
crisis of 2008, in the period between 2009 and 2011, with annual rates of 2.14%, 3.56% 
and 1.86%; and (iii) a third stage of post crisis  recovery from 2012 to 2014, after the agreement 
with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), re gistering a moderated growth with annual rates 
of 7.63%, 4.21% and 4.71%, respectively. 
2.1.1.1  Fiscal policy 2.3.  The Government has been implementing a fiscal policy based on the Medium Term Fiscal 
Framework ("Quadro Fiscal de Médio Prazo" – QFMP), which is aligned with PND 2013-2017. 
Within the scope of the QFMP implementation as an  instrument for the definition of the National 
Fiscal Policy, the Government has been focusing on the following subjects: 
(i) High Fiscal Integrated Discipline: ensuring that the Government Budget is prepared 
consistently and in alignment with the real macroeconomic environment and sustainable fiscal programmes; WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 5 - 
 
  (ii) Sustainability of Public Finances: ensuring the control of the fiscal position and 
sustainability of the public debt; 
(iii) Stability of the Financial Sector: contributing to the stability of the financial sector, by 
controlling the deficit and optimizing the growth of the gross internal financing 
requirements; 
(iv) Reinforcement of the economic growth and the macroeconomic stability: aligned with 
the currency and monetary fundamentals. 
2.4.  On revenue, key developmen ts have been influencing the course of national fiscal policy, 
namely the approval of the broad Project for Tax Reform ("Projecto de Reforma Tributária" - PERT) between the years of 2010 and 2011, and its adop tion through the Presidential Decree No. 50/11 
of 15 March 2011, with the objective of addressing the three main problems that affected the 
Angolan tax system, namely: (i) the high weight of the tax revenue associated with oil taxes and 
the concentration of the remaining tax revenues in a low number of tax payers; (ii) the obsolescence and reduced competitiveness of the legislation that was in place; and (iii) the low 
modernization and efficiency of the administrative units.  
2.5.  The tax reform in course in Angola created a set of new tax laws, that covers: (i) the General 
Tax Code ("Código Geral Tributário"); (ii) the Tax Foreclosures ("Código das Execuções Fiscais"); 
(iii) the Tax Process Code ("Código do Processo Tributário"); (iv) the Tax Code on Labour Revenue 
("Código do Imposto sobre os Rendimentos do Trab alho"); (v) the Industrial Tax Code ("Código do 
Imposto Industrial"); the Tax Code on Capital Usage ("Código do Imposto sobre a Aplicação de Capitais"), the Tax Code on Stamp Duty ("Código do  Imposto de Selo"); and (vi) the Regulation on 
the Consumption Tax ("Regulamento do Imposto de Consumo") . PERT defines also the structural 
reform of the tax system, the implementation of  the Integrated System for Tax Management and 
the reform of the Judicial Tax System. 
2.6.  With the tax reform, the creation of the General Tax Authority was approved through the 
Presidential Decree No. 324/14, of 15 December 2014, with the key objective of proposing and executing the Governments' Tax Policy and ensuring its full enforcement, managing the direct and 
remaining taxes that fall within its scope as well as studying, promoting, coordinating, executing 
and evaluating the programmes, initiatives and actions related to tax policy regarding the organization, management and optimization of the tax system. 
2.7.  The Government is also implementing initiatives that focus on improving efficiency and 
effectiveness of the public expenditure, with em phasis on reviewing the fuel prices, through the 
gradual elimination of subsidies to the consumer  prices, to looking ahead the regimen of free 
price-formation according to the market condit ions. The Government has been developing its 
budget by prioritizing public expenditure on health care, education, social protection, as well as on 
setting investments on housing and infrastructures in order to guarantee an increase of the country's income level and economic stability, expanding internal demand, and creating an 
enabling environment for growth of the private sector. Additionally, it is currently preparing 
methodology for the implementation of the multi-annual budgets, so that in the political, macro-economic, fiscal and budget perspectives, the bu dget demands that extend beyond the annual 
financial cycle can be accommodated. 
2.8.  The fiscal deficit has been registering an  average annual fluctuation between 4.5 and 5%, 
while the public debt remains below the legal limi t of 60% of the national gross domestic product 
(GDP). The financing of the deficit has been done  using both internal and external resources. 
Regarding the internal market, the debt strategy is focused on the emission of Treasury Bonds 
("Bilhetes e Obrigações do Tesouro"). With referenc e to the external debt financing, the strategy is 
focused on multilateral, bilateral and commercial financing sources. 
2.9.  The fall of the oil price registered since mid-2014 has had a high impact on the occurrence of 
the budget deficit. However, its levels are controllable and sustainable, so it is expected not to compromise the PND 2013-2017 objectives, as well as to insure the sustainability of the public finances and the stability of the financial system, by way of the financing interventions.  WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 6 - 
 
  2.1.1.2  Monetary, exchange and financial policy 
2.10.  The monetary policy of the Angolan National Bank ("Banco Nacional de Angola" - BNA) has 
been oriented towards maintaining a low and stable inflation rate. In coordination with some ministries, the BNA has been providing the economy with sufficient liquidity to support the growth 
of private sector credit demand to enhance its participation in the economic development.  
2.11.  In terms of currency, the main objective is  the maintenance of the external sustainability, 
translating into an international currency reserves level equivalent to six months of imports as 
defined by the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The financial policy is focused 
mainly in the financial robustness and stability of the banking sector. The adoption of the best practices on corporate governance and compliance has been steadily promoted on BNA's policies and directives to the financial system. 
2.12.  With the reform of the monetary policy in the last few years, the stability of the exchange 
rate, the progressive banking of the population su pported by the growth of the banking network, 
and the progressive withdrawal of U.S. dollar currency out of the economy, in a favourable 
macroeconomic environment, the country has achieved one-digit inflation of 9.02% in 2012. It 
should be highlighted that, in the period of 2001-2005, the average inflation rate was 76.79%. However from 2006 to 2014 the average inflation rate was reduced to 11.79%. Since then, 
inflation continued to decrease, reaching 7.28% in 2014, aligned with the goal defined by the 
Government in PND 2013-2017 (7-9%).  
2.13.  The exchange rate of the national currency  (Kwanza), to the U.S. dollar has registered a 
relative stability, recording an average depreciation of 4.77% within the period from 2008 
and 2014, compared to an average of 35.06% in the period between 2001 and 2006.  
2.14.  The financial system has grown substantia lly, with the banking network expanding from 
17 banks in 2006, to 23 in 2014 (27 banks licensed) and 1,523 bank dependencies covering 
almost all national territory (provincial capitals, and several municipalities). 
2.15.  Regarding the payment system, since the previews Trade Policy Review, there has been 
remarkable progress, namely migration of high value transactions from the clearing services for 
financial assets ("Serviço de Compensação de Va lores" (SCV)) to the real-time payments system 
"Sistema de Pagamentos em Tempo Real" (SPTR), implementation of international brand credit 
cards, internationalization of the "Multicaixa" network and the signing of the currency conversion 
agreement ("Acordo de Conversão Monetária") betw een the Central Banks of Angola and Namibia. 
2.1.1.3  Income and price policy 
2.16.  Job creation continues to be one of the ke y challenges in the Angolan economy. In order to 
attain this objective, a sustained economic growth is necessary, so that it may contribute to the 
reconstruction process and allowing for better liv ing standards for the population. In cooperation 
with the different stakeholders, the Government of Angola has been updating the public wage 
policy so as to maintain the growth of the purchasing power of its population.  
2.17.  The Government is working on a new bill regarding competition, in order to prevent 
monopoly and economic speculative practices which can have a negative impact on pricing, both on services and goods, especially on staple food. It is also underway the regulation of the Presidential Decree No. 206/2011 of 29 July, focusi ng on the general price basis, and the three 
possible regimens, namely pricing, monitored price and free price. This approach has been 
developed bearing in mind on one hand the possible negative impacts to the consumers on and on the other hand safeguarding sound entrepreneurship environment. 
2.2  Structural reforms 
2.2.1  Financial services 2.18.  Angola has been working on the implementation of the following policies and measures on 
financial services: WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 7 - 
 
   Support in creation of specialized institutions focused on the Compensation, 
Settlement and Custody of securities; 
 Reform of the national bank and insurance systems; 
 Develop and expand access to micro-credit; and 
 Development of the bond market with the creation of the Stock Market and 
Derivatives Commission and the Angola St ock Exchange ("Comissão de Mercado de 
Capitais", "Bolsa de Valores e Derivados de Angola" – BODIVA). 
2.2.2  State-owned enterprises  
2.19.  The Angolan Government has reinforced its public enterprises' privatization policy, with the 
creation, in 2009, of the Institute for the State-Owned Enterprises Institute ("Instituto para o Sector Empresarial Público" – ISEP), overseen by  the Ministry of Economy, with regulatory and 
technical support mandate to the privatization and re-privatization processes. 
2.20.  In order to enhance its performance, the Government has put in place a Reform Program for 
the State-Owned Strategic Enterprises ("Programa de Reestruturação das Empresas Públicas 
Estratégicas e Redimensionamento do Sector Empresarial Público") although some companies 
have low performance, but for  strategic reasons,  are to be maintain under the State control.  
2.21.  To reinforce the existing legal instruments, the following diplomas have been adopted:  
 Public-Private Partnerships: (Decree No. 2/11 of 14 January), establishes the rules for 
the definition, preparation, evaluation, adjudication, change, monitoring and global 
management of the public-private partnerships; 
 Mining Code – (Decree No. 31/11 of  23 September), establishes a set of rules and 
legal principles focusing on the mining activity, as well as clear mechanisms for the 
access and exercising of the mining rights, and its protection; and  
 Basic Law on State-owned Enterprises (Decree No. 11/13 of 13 September), 
establishes the legal framework of the state-owned companies, companies with 
dominant and minority shares of state. 
2.22.  The State-owned enterprises portfolio is co mprised by 72 companies from different sectors. 
The Government holds full control of 28 of those companies and the remaining 44 companies have 
both public and private shares. 
2.3  Construction and rehabilitation of  economic and social infrastructures 
2.3.1  Economic infrastructure 
2.23.  The growth of the national economy necessar ily involves the construction and rehabilitation 
of economic infrastructures (transport and logistics, energy, water and sanitation, telecommunications, etc.) and social infrastructure s (urban centres, schools, hospitals, etc.), in 
order to strengthen national integration and enhancing the potential of each region. 
2.24.  In 2002, the Government had begun the rehabilitation and construction programme of 
physical infrastructures, focused on recovering and promoting the national economy, with special 
emphasis on the non-oil sector. 
2.3.1.1  Agriculture 2.25.  With the Peace Process in 2002, the free mo vement of persons and goods and the return of 
former displaced persons to their native land, e ssential prerequisites were created for the relaunch 
of agricultural and forestry production, and the improvement of the food situation. However, the 
rural sector has faced considerable challenges to be addressed, among which stands out the destruction of considerable infrastructures of the country. 
2.26.  A programme of rehabilitation focused on infrastructures was established in order to support 
production, having been rehabilitated 9 large irrigated plots with a total area of 28,000 acres, 8 storage facility were built, with a total capacity for 48 thousand tons of grain, as well as 9 meat WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 8 - 
 
  processing plants and warehouses for fresh, with a unit capacity of 1,000 m3. Additionally there 
was also a rehabilitation of infrastructures to support agricultural research and extension services. 
2.27.  Since 2009, the focus was on promoting competitiveness in the agricultural sector and the 
sustainable transformation from subsistence farming to market oriented agriculture, as well as the 
promotion of national agro-business, generating employment and income, in order to ensure food 
security and domestic supply. 
2.28.  In this context, large and medium-scale farms were installed (the former aimed for the 
production of cereals and grain and the latter for livestock, overseen by the Public sector, with the 
support of bilateral partners. It should also be highlighted the implementation of several other projects, aimed at covering different agricultural commodities like cotton, palm oil, coffee, etc. 
2.3.1.2  Energy and water 
2.29.  The sector has continued its work to increase the installed capacity, through the 
rehabilitation and expansion of the production of electric power, as well as the respective transportation network. To that effect, it is currently under construction, namely, the hydro-
electric dams of Laúca; the thermal power plan t of Soyo; the rehabilitation and expansion of 
Cambambe, Luachimo and Lomaum dams, increasing the installed capacity up to 3,550 MW (three thousand five hundred and fifty Megawatt) by 2017.  Furthermore, diverse studies are being carried 
out, in order to introduce into the energy matrix  the production of wind and photovoltaic energy. 
Following those measures, the production of electricity, in 2014, has reached 8,992 MW, an increase of 122% compared to 2008.  
2.30.  By 2025, it is expected that the capacity  of energy generation based on water and thermal 
resources, natural gas and renewable energy sources could reach up to 9 Gigawatt of installed 
capacity. 
2.31.  In addition to structural initiatives in progress, the electric sector has undergone for a 
profound reform process, which has resulted in creation of three (3) new public entities focusing 
on production, transportation and distribution of en ergy. According to the current legislation, it is 
expected a participation of the private sector in production and distribution of electricity. 
2.32.  Regarding the water sector, policies have been defined for improvement of production, 
processing and distribution, in order to ensure gr eater regularity in the provision of services, to 
satisfy the growth of consumption, and the infrastructural conditions to support domestic production. In this sense, are under rehabilitation and extension of water supply systems in all 
provinces. In 2014, it reached a coverage rate of 59%.  
2.3.1.3  Urban planning, construction and transport 2.33.  Under the Urbanization Plan, 193,226 (one hundred and ninety-three thousand two hundred 
twenty-six) dwellings were built throughout th e country. An extension of 2,328 (two thousand, 
three hundred and twenty-eight) kilometres of road s were rehabilitated, as well as 29 (twenty 
nine) bridges, in addition to the building and rehabilitation of several airports and aerodromes. 
2.34.  In the transport domain, the Government ex pects to provide the country with an integrated 
network, aligned with national and regional development objectives, to facilitate the economic development process. 
2.35.  Between 2008 to 2014 several key st ructures were built and rehabilitated: 
thirteen (13) airports, two (2) of which are International (Luanda and Catumbela); container and 
minerals terminals, dry ports; three (3) railways with more than 2,600 (two thousand six hundred) kilometres, of which should be highlighted th e Benguela Railway (CFB) connecting Angola to 
Democratic Republic of Congo and to Zambia.  
2.36.  Under the rehabilitation programme of railways, airports and ports, it is planned the 
construction of several Logistics Platforms in order to support the Economic and Social 
Development of the country as well as to positi on Angola as a hub of Southern Africa region. WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 9 - 
 
  2.37.  Regarding the airport network, three (3) na tional airports and one (1) international (Luanda 
Province) are still under construction. The Luanda airport will have a capacity for fifteen (15) million passengers per year. 
2.3.1.4  Telecommunications and information technology 
2.38.  With regard to telecommunications and information technologies, the sector has registered 
great advances, with emphasis on: 
(i) The installation of 458 Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) stations in all provinces, 
as well as investments in the telecommunications infrastructure, namely the 
implementation of fibre optic backbone, Sout h Atlantic 3/West Africa Submarine Cable 
(SAT-3/WASC) and Angola Domest ic Network System (ADONES); 
(ii) The conclusion of Angola Telecom's fixed-line network switching from analogue to 
digital system, the adoption of 3G by mobile telecom operators throughout the 
country, and the availability of 4G in some provincial capitals.  
2.39.  The number of fixed lines installed, of mobile phone users and Internet subscriptions are 
indicators that have been growing rapidly in recent years, and the key highlights are:  
(i) The installation, in 2008, of 218,000 (two hund red and eighteen thousand) fixed lines, 
having increased more than 350% in 2014, making a total of over 800,000 (eight 
hundred thousand) fixed lines;  
(ii) The increase of mobile phone users numbers, from 9 (nine) million in 2010 to 
13 (thirteen) million in 2014; 
(iii) The increase of Internet subscribers, multiplied by more than 10 (ten) times. From the 
300,000 (three hundred thousand) subscriber s in 2008, to over 3.5 million (three 
million, five hundred thousand) in 2014. 
In this way, the liberalization of the telecommunications process was initialized, helping to make a 
clear distinction between the key players in the sector: the Government, the regulator and 
operators.  
2.40.  Other important facts to refer were the re structuring of public company Angola Telecom and 
the enhancement of the regulatory body for electr onic communications, with the creation of the 
National Communications Institute of Angola, under Presidential Decree No. 225/11 of 15 August, as well as free access to competition between private providers of telecommunications services, the update and implementation of industry  regulation, namely the Information and 
Communications Technology White Book (Presidential Order No. 71/11 of 12 September). 
2.41.  Among the various projects underway in the sector, the following should be highlighted: 
 The installation of national fibre optic network, with about 25,000 (twenty five 
thousand) kilometres, of which more th an 22,000 (twenty two thousand) already 
installed, resulting from public and private investments; 
 The submarine cables project Angola - Brazil (SACS) and participation in the 
Brazil-USA cable (MONET); 
 The construction of a technology park; 
 The construction of the first national communications satellite (Angosat); 
 The migration from Analog Television to Digital Terrestrial Television aligned with the 
Digital Video Broadcasting – Second Generation Terrestrial (DVBT2) standards; 
 The construction of a network of 25 (twenty five) media libraries throughout the 
country. 
2.42.  In the regional context (Southern and Centra l Africa), Angola continues to contribute to the 
realization of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) project focused on the SADC ICT infrastructure, in order to ensure interconnectivity between member countries, as well their 
access to major global information channels, made possible by the installation of submarine cable 
systems SAT3 and WACS. WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 10 - 
 
  2.3.2  Social infrastructure 
2.43.  Within the scope of extending and improvin g the basic health services, the Government has 
been making investments which focus on construction and rehabilitation of health facilities and acquisition of medical and hospital equipment in the framework of the sectorial development 
programme from 2008 to 2014. 
2.44.  The National Health Service is comp rised by 1,783 (One thousand seven hundred and 
eighty-three) small health centres, 433 (four hund red and thirty-three) Medium health centres, 
155 (one hundred and fifty-five) municipal hospitals,  29 (twenty-nine) provincial hospitals, twelve 
(12) central hospitals and 26 (twenty-six) specialized hospitals, including Tuberculosis Care Hospitals, Physical Rehabilitation Centres, HIV Ca re Hospitals, totalizing 2,438 (two thousand four 
hundred thirty-eight) health units, representing a growth of 80% compared to 2007. 
2.45.  Within the scope of the Management and Expansion of Health Care Network Program, the 
Government aims to establish throughout the country standards for health care facilities up to 2025, in order to provide quality health care services to its entire people.  
2.46.  The education sector has likewise improved in terms of construction and rehabilitation of 
physical infrastructures, as well as increased the school enrolment at all levels, with more emphasis on primary and secondary schools. 
2.47.  In last few years, the Government has undertaken actions and policy measures that could 
be summarized as follows: expansion of pre-school education; development of primary and secondary schools; Enhancement of adult literacy programme; improvement of professional technical training system; improvement of teache rs capacity building programmes; increase of 
research, development and innovation in education; reform of the national educational system; 
and promotion of entrepreneurship programme in secondary schools. These programmes aim to achieving the following goals: (i) improvement in teaching quality; (ii) valuing teaching personnel; 
and (iii) expansion of schools facilities. 
2.48.  The Government has increased the primary and secondary schools facilities from 
50,516 (fifty thousand five hundred and sixteen) in  2008, rising to 69.507 (sixty nine thousand 
five hundred and seven) classrooms in 2014, includ ing students with special educational needs. 
2.4  External sector economy 2.49.  The external sector of the Angolan econ omy depends primarily on two exports products: 
crude oil and diamonds. Both suffer periodically price fluctuations in the international market. 
Angola continues to import most of the goods for everyday consumption because of insufficient 
domestic production, although in the last few years the country has registered significant production of some agricultural products.  
2.4.1  Balance of payments  
2.50.  Between 2008 and 2014, according to preliminary data from the Balance of payments, has 
shown surplus, with the exception of the years 2009 and 2014 In line with the above 
developments, the current account balance has remained positive in general (except for 2009), 
although the capital and financial accounts registered a deficit (excluding 2008 and 2009). The deficit of the current account in 2014 amounted to 0.8% of the GDP, from a surplus of 6.7% observed in 2013. 
2.51.  Regarding the goods account, it is to be highlighted that exports exceed imports, which has 
registered an average annual growth three times superior, in the period under review. However, 
oil exports continue to represent over 90% of tota l exports, signalling the dependence climate and 
high exposure to external shocks, enhancing the n eed for diversification of the national economy, 
to ensure greater robustness in the trade policy.  
2.52.  As for the services and income accounts, a deficit position has been verified throughout the 
period of analysis, although with a certain stabilit y after a decline phase observed on the period of 
the first Trade Policy Review. WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 11 - 
 
  Table 2.1 Balance of payments, 2008-14 
U.M.  
(US$ million) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 
(estimate)  
Current account 7,194.26 -7,571.64  7,421.03  13,084.66  13,853.27  8,348.37 -1,141.71  
Goods account 42,931.76 18,168.01  33,928.00  47,081.81  47,376.34  41,902.52 30,848.13  
  Exports 63,913.94 40,827.95  50,594.85  67,310.28  71,093.27  68,246.52 58,934.25  
    Petroleum 62,457.37 39,802.77  49,351.49  65,590.96  69,716.25  66,902.07 57,407.01  
    Non petroleum 1,456.57 1,025.17  1,243.37  1,719.32  1,377.02  1,344.45 1,527.24  
  Imports -20,982.19 -22,659.94  -16,666.86  -20,228.48  -23,716.93  -26,343.96 -28,086.12  
Services account  -21,809.89 -18,546.21  -17,897.49  -22,937.57  -21,339.16  -21,530.73 -21,644.51  
Income account  -13,717.54 -6,823.13  -8,171.79  -9,697.32  -10,421.75  -9,900.06 -8,125.64  
Capital & financial 
account  1,297.64 2,498.09  -986.76  -3,560.33  -8,883.64  -8,209.32 -3,810.47  
FDI 16,581.02 11,673.06  12,156.72  14,123.61  15,077.73  14,345.88 15,211.26  
Overall balance  7,255.96 -4,616.19  6,010.27  9,087.71  4,643.20  84.21 -4,952.17  
Source: National Bank of Angola (BNA) 2015 
2.4.2   External debt 
2.53.  The Government has continued to implemen t a strategy focused on the mobilization of 
credit lines to ensure the financing of public investment programmes. Thus, credit agreements 
were strengthened with strategic bilateral and commercial partners, allowing the expansion and 
diversification of the available funding sources to support the public investment programmes. 
2.54.  The Public external debt stock for the year 2014 has been estimated in 16.3% of GDP. The 
share of short-term Government external debt stock is estimated at 0.6% of the total stock of this 
debt, of which 0.2% is bilateral debt, 4.9% commercial debt, and 94.9 % debt with suppliers. The 
medium- and long-term external debt stock is estimated at about 16.2% of GDP, of which 2.9% is multilateral debt, 42.9% is bilateral debt, and 12% is debt with suppliers. 
2.55.  Additionally, conditions continued to be cr eated to strengthen the strategic positioning of 
Angola in major international financial centres. In this connection, the Government has focused on the ongoing relationship with the market, and has already finished the sixth annual review of the sovereign debt rating. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that international credit rating 
agencies Fitch Ratings (FITCH), Standard & Poor's  Rating Services and Moody's Investors Services 
assigned a rating of BB- (27 March 2014), B+ (11 February 2015) and Ba2 (3 March 2015), respectively, taking into account the economic ri sks of the oil price drop that occurred in 2014. 
2.5  Investment promotion policy 
2.5.1   Instruments to promote economic activity 2.56.  For the promotion of economic activity, the Angolan Government enacted the (Decree 
No. 30/11 of 13 September 2011) on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) taking into 
account the importance of developing a solid bu siness environment for this type of enterprises 
which lead the to the promotion of sustainable economic growth and development of a diversified economy. In this connection, the Government has been implementing the entrepreneurship 
programme "Angola Investe", focused on (MSMEs). 
2.57.  Among other objectives of this programme, it  should be highlighted the diversification of the 
economy, the combat of poverty, the promotion and distribution of domestic production, the 
formalization of economic informal activities, and the reduction of imports and promotion of better 
banking rate of the population. 
2.58.  There are other government agencies that enable the promotion of the economic activity, 
among which are the Angola National Private Investment Agency ("Agência Nacional de 
Investimento Privado" - ANIP), the Angola Development Bank ("Banco de Desenvolvimento de Angola" - BDA), the National Institute for Su pport of Small and Medium sized enterprises 
("Instituto Nacional de Apoio à Pequena e Média" - INAPEM) the Angolan Sovereign Wealth Fund 
("Fundo Soberano de Angola" - FSDEA), the Angola Capital Markets Commission ("Comissão de 
Mercado de Capitais" - CMC), the Single Window for Enterprises ("Guichet Único de Empresas" - GUE) and  Entrepreneurs Registration Office ("Balcões Únicos do Empreendedor" - BUE).  WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 12 - 
 
  2.59.  To encourage the free economic and entrep reneurial initiatives, and improve the country's 
business environment, the Law on the Reduction of Companies Registration Charges (Decree No.  16/14 of 29 September) was approved, defining the reduction fees from 400,000 (four hundred thousand) to 10,000 (ten th ousand) Kwanzas of the maximum fees for the 
establishment of micro, small and medium size en terprises. Additionally, in April 2015, the Law on 
Cooperative was approved by National Parliament.  
2.60.  The initiatives toward reducing bureaucracy have contributed to the diminution of the time 
needed to create an enterprise, decreasing from 66 (sixty-six) to 8 (eight) days, and the 
registration process can be carried out and completed at the Single Window for Entreprises (GUE), the Integrated Services Center for Citizens ("Centro de Atendimento Integrado para os Cidadãos" - SIAC) and the Entrepreneurs Registration Office (BUE). These services are located throughout the 
country. 
2.61.  The Private Investment Law (Decree No. 20/11 of 20 May), which applies to both domestic 
and foreign investments, provides tax incentives  and benefits to entrepreneurs, taking into 
account certain economic and social objectives, such as encouraging the growth of the national 
economy; promoting the most disadvantaged regi ons especially in the countryside; providing 
partnerships between domestic and foreign entrepreneurs in view of creating employment. 
However, under the Private Investment Law the in vestment to benefit from tax exemption, must 
meet the following requirements of economic interest:  
 Investment in priority sectors (agriculture and livestock, manufacturing, 
infrastructures (railways, road, port and airport; telecommunications and information 
technology); fishing industry, including sh ipbuilding; energy and water; housing, 
health and education services and hospitality and tourism); 
 investment  in Special Economic Zones of investment; and 
 Investment in Free Trade Zones of Angola to be created. 
Table 2.2 Tax benefits 
Economic Zones Industrial 
Tax Tax on 
application of 
capital Real Estate Tax Criteria for applying the 
ceilings 
Zone A  
Luanda and main municipalities of Benguela, Lobito, Huíla, and 
Cabinda  1-5 years  Until 3 years
 The acquisition of land 
and buildings assigned 
to the project Investments  ≥ 
US$50 million; 
Investments that create ≥ 
500 jobs 
Zone B  
Remaining municipalities of 
Benguela, Cabinda, Huíla, Kwanza 
Norte, Kwanza Sul, Bengo, Uíge, 
Lunda Norte, and Lunda Sul  1-8 years Until 6 years  The acquisition of land 
and buildings assigned 
to the project Investment ≥ 
US$20 million; 
Investments that create ≥ 
500 job posts Zone C  
Huambo, Bié, Moxico, Kwando Kubango, Cunene, Namibe, 
Malange, and Zaire  1-10 years Until 9 years
 The acquisition of land 
and buildings assigned 
to the project 
 
After the exemption period, investments are subj ect to the general tax regime covering the 
following taxes: 
 Industrial Tax (30%); 
 Agricultural Activity Tax (20%); 
 Tax on Capital Application (on profit repatriation case) (10%); 
 Real Estate Tax (2%). 
From 2010 to 2014, 1,263 (One thousand two hundred and sixty three) private investment 
proposals were approved, totalizing US$ 20,500,568 ,000 (twenty billion, five hundred million, five 
hundred and sixty-eight thousand). 
2.5.2  Special Economic Zone and Industrial Development Hubs  
2.62.  Under the national reconstruction process, the Presidential Decree No. 50/09 of 
11th September created the Special Economic Zone (EEZ) of Luanda-Bengo, as an economic and 
social development tool to foster entrepreneurship  and competitiveness, through strategic projects WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 13 - 
 
  for growth and innovation, in order to increase domestic production of basic goods, creation of 
jobs, combat poverty and reduce imports. In 2011, through a number of presidential decrees, have been created a number of 21 land reserves, divi ded into agricultural purposes with total area 
of 256,062.45 (two hundred fifty six thousand and sixty two) hectares; for industrial purposes 
totalizes 20,550.82 (twenty thousand five hundred and fifty) hectares and for mineral purposes 
the area have 160,664.61 (one hundred sixty thousand six hundred and sixty four) hectares. As a result of this programme, 32 (thirty-two) industrials units have been installed, 28 (twenty eight) 
services companies, and 8 (eight) mining companies are operating, providing employment to over 
8,500 workers. 
2.63.  Under the industrial development policy, the Government has defined as strategic priority, 
the creation of 23 Industrial Development Hubs, which are currently at different stages of 
implementation. The Industrial Development Hubs are basic infrastructures focused on attracting 
private investment for the domestic industry. With  the existence of these infrastructures, serious 
constraints to the industry sector are minimized, such as poor conditions regarding electricity, 
water and sanitation.  
2.64.  The Viana Industrial Hub (PIV) in Luanda Province is currently in operation, with over 
600 (six hundred) companies from various sectors and 6,000 (six thousand) employees. On the 
other hand, the Industrial Development Hub in Catumbela (PDIC), in the Benguela Province, 
comprises 100 (one hundred) companies and 2,500 (two thousand five hundred) workers. Many 
other industrial hubs are expected to open in the next few years. 
3  TRADE POLICY 
3.1.  The trade policy framework includes principles and measures designed in accordance with the 
country's economic policy, advocating the objectives and priorities of development regarding trade which are based on the regulatory role of the Government, the private sector and all market 
players, encouraging the diversified production of goods and services in order to meet the needs of 
the internal market and to increase exports in accordance with the National Development Plan 
2013-2017.  
3.2.  The proper combination of all these elements  of trade should contribute to achieving three 
basic goals for growth and socio-economic development, including: 
 The macro-economic stabilization; 
 The economic growth and job creation; 
 Increased domestic production. 
3.3.  These three vectors could contribute to stab ilize the distribution of consumption, promote the 
domestic production and the supply of goods and se rvices, as well as the regularization of prices, 
as well as food security. 
3.1  By sector 3.1.1  Primary sector 
3.1.1.1  Agriculture 
3.4.  The agricultural sector in Angola plays an important economic role, either indirectly in the 
support of the agro-business activity and catalyst for upstream businesses, or directly as a contributor to national GDP. In addition to these effects, there are other factors that are not 
quantified, namely the inducing effect in the development of other sectors. 
3.5.  Angola has many natural resources, having been classified by the United Nations 
Organization (UNO) as the 16
th (sixteenth) country with greatest agricultural potential in the 
world. However, only 3% of 58 million hectar es of arable land is under exploitation. 
3.6.  With the peace process, Angola has carried out a comprehensive recovery programme 
focused on the productive capacities of domestic entrepreneurs, particularly family-run farms that 
depend solely on agriculture to obtain food and inco me. In this context, tool s, seeds, fertilizers and WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 14 - 
 
  basic equipment for agricultural operations in sm all areas were distributed, and campaigns for the 
mechanized preparation of land and the training of farmers, including community actions in rural areas, have been conducted. 
3.7.  Table 3.1 indicates a substantial and progressive increase in meat production in the period 
between 2010 and 2014, from 101,962 (one hundre d and one thousand nine hundred sixty-two) 
tons to 250,495 (two hundred and fifty thousand and four hundred and ninety five) tons respectively, with a growth of 146%. 
Table 3.1 Meat production, 2009-2014 
Species Evolution of meat production (ton) 
2009 2010  2011  2012  2013 2014  
Bovine (ton) .. 6,317 8,402 10,005 11,845 27,019 
Goats and sheep (ton)  .. 83,341 103,343 90,009 160,567 171,606 
Poultry (ton) .. 7,959 10,156 13,659 18,321 32,288 
Pork (ton) .. 4,345 5,431 6,155 14,286 19,582 
Total  .. 101,962 127,332 119,827 205,019 250,495 
.. No data available. 
Source: Ministry of Agriculture. 
3.8.  The same trend is observed in the production of cereals and other agricultural products. 
Comparing the data from 2008 to 2014, the production of coffee and fruit almost doubled, while that of cereals, vegetables, roots and tubers significant growth. 
Table 3.2 Production of cereals and other agricultural products, 2008-2014 
Crop grouping Production (tons) 
2008/2009 2009/2010  2010/2011  2011/2012  2012/2013 2013/2014  
Cereals 1,052,843 1,177,948 1,408,826 505,706 1,671,384 1,820,348 
Roots and tubers 6,912,344 7,530,971 7,661,721 5,728,999 8,635,332 10,239,302 
Legumes 364,078 371,368 472,380 1,058,071 514,000 668,000 
Horticultural 1,426,471 1,461,818 1,603,615 1,442,646 1,684,282 1,742,332 
Fruits 2,668,279 2,757,251 3,388,993 4,388,019 4,117,051 4,733,384 
Coffee 7,530 8,400 10,758 9,950 12,530 15,009 
Source: Ministry of Agriculture 
3.9.  For the period 2008–2012, the Government has established a set of goals to promote the 
rural communities' socioeconomic development and foster the integrated development and 
sustainability of the agriculture production. This sh ould contribute to the improvement of the living 
conditions of the population in rural areas, the food security and the diversification of the country's economy, which will generate more  jobs and increasing the income. 
3.10.  The defined goals advocate reaching the following indicators in the agriculture sector: 
a) The increase of about 4 million hectares of cultivated areas, to produce more than 
15 million tons of cereals; 
b) Achieve food self-sufficiency in the domain of vegetables (bean, peanut and soy), with 
the production of 1.8 million tons, creating a surplus of about 800 thousand tons; 
c) Achieve food self-sufficiency in the domain of roots and tubers (cassava, potato and 
sweet potato) with the production about 4.5 million tons/year; 
d) Meet 70% of the domestic needs in poultry and of about 50% needs of bovine, goat 
and ovine meat; 
e) The reduction of about 20% of the imports of milk, expanding its consumption to a 
larger number of the population; 
f) Meet 60% of the domestic needs of sugar; 
g) The production of about 400 thousand cubi c meters of wood, although the current 
needs are calculated in about 200-250 thousand cubic meters/year. 
3.11.  There are several programmes in progress which focus, among other, the promotion of 
production, the development of the family-run agri culture, the food and nutritional security, the 
research and technological development, the development of the commercial agriculture, the WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 15 - 
 
  development of meats and milk industries, the incr ease livestock production, the construction and 
rehabilitation of irrigated perimeters, foster wood production, maintainable the sustainability of natural resources. 
3.12.  Between 2009 and 2012, the Government invested about US$198,427,777 (One hundred 
ninety-eight million, four hundred and twenty-s even thousand, seven hundred and seventy-seven 
dollars), in programmes regarding the promotion of production, rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructures and of rural development.  
Table 3.3 Key actions in the agricultural sector, 2009-14 
Type of grant awarded (US$) 2009  2010  2011 2012  
Irrigation infrastructure 80,817,584.53  56,587,602.76  13,307,800.86  
Rural development  20,119,532.83  17,267,657.85 10,327,605.91  
Source: Ministry of Agriculture. 
3.13.  In 2012, a diagnosis was conducted on th e agrarian sector, taking into account the 
measures and strategic objectives referenced in PND 2013-2017, their potential, as well as the 
main factors that limit the action of the economic agents. The medium-term Development Plan for 
the Agrarian Sector ("Plano de Desenvolvimento de Médio Prazo do Sector Agrário" - PDMPSA) focuses on the same period, seeking to promote th e sustainable  transformation of the subsistence 
agriculture towards a commercial agriculture, seek ing to reach food safety, the improvement of 
the living conditions of  families and the promotion of national agri-business. 
3.14.  To reach this general objective, the Government defined four strategic objectives for the 
agrarian sector, namely: 
Strategic Objective 1 - Promote professional tr aining campaign and technology transfer of 
aimed to boosting both the agrarian production and productivity; 
Strategic Objective 2 - Implement a process of agrarian and rural transformation, focused 
on the development of the family agricultur e, through cooperatives and public-private 
entrepreneurship; 
Strategic Objective 3 - Establish an efficient coordination mechanism, as well as synergies 
between the different sectors and other stakeh olders in the rural areas, emphasizing the 
participation of the society in the process of national development; and 
Strategic Objective 4 - Support the process of industrialization of the country. 
3.15.  According to the Angola legislation, foreign investors have access to land for agricultural. 
The Angolan Government respects and protects private property. 
3.16.  Although an increase in agricultural production has been registered in the last few years, 
Angola continues to be a net food importer. Howe ver, regarding certain products, such as banana, 
cassava, sweet potato and eggs, a significant reduction was registered due to the surplus of the 
national production. 
3.1.1.2  Fishing 3.17.  The fishing sector plays an important role on the diversification of the economy and 
contributes for food security and poverty reduction. 
3.18.  Angola has an extensive coastline of 1,650 km, which is rich in marine resources, with an 
exclusive economic zone of 330,000 Km
2. 
3.19.  The production of the sector, as the ta ble below shows, has increased about 60% (sixty 
percent) from 2009 to 2014, rising from 272,263 to 441,769 tons. WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 16 - 
 
  Table 3.4 Fishery production from 2008 to 2014 
Fishing type 2008  2009  2010  2011  2012 2013 2014  
Production of the fisheries secto r (ton) 298,262  272,263  275,589  323,159  344,628 363,022 441,769  
Industrial and semi industrial  195,521  151,065  189,334  237,596  268,139 266,072 304,165  
Non-industrial maritime fisheries 102,557  115,350  71,755  61,560  65,282 85,167 118,787  
Inland artisanal fisheries 184 5,848  14,500  24,003  11,207 11,783 18,817  
Aquaculture 0  0 0 0 10,000 47 305  
Chart 3.1 Volume of fish production 
050.000100.000150.000200.000250.000300.000350.000400.000450.000500.000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Production of the fisheries sector (ton)
Industrial and semi industrial
Non-industrial maritime fisheries
Inland artisanal fisheries
AquacultureTons
 
3.20.  The exports of the sector, illustrated in th e table below (fish, mollusk, crustacean and fish 
flour) have increased between 2008 and 2014 by 560% (five hundred and sixty percent), from 
10,601 to 57,335 tons. 
Table 3.5 Export of fish products from 2008 to 2014 
Product 2008 2009 2010  2011  2012  2013 2014  
Fish / molluscs 8,458 2,683 3,020 3,358 2,120 19,008 48,326 
Crustaceans 2,143 1,329 2,223 2,333 3,082 3,341 4,265 
Fishmeal  - 10 3 1,953 4,340 4,744 
Total (tons) 10,601 4,012 5,253  5,694  7,155  26,689 57,335  
Oil (Lt) - - 2,000,000 1,000,000 325,473 1,664,981 1,425,522  
3.21.  Regarding the measures adopted for the re covery of the horse mackerel, the Presidential 
Decree No. 26/15 of 12 January 2015, which adopts the tariff quota, determine the in quota 
import of 90,000 tons of horse mackerel free from customs tax, seeking to supply the shortage of the current offer in the critical period. In 2014, the horse mackerel imports were about 
78,412 tons. 
Table 3.6 Imports of horse mackerel from 2008 to 2014 
Product 2008 2009  2010  2011  2012  2013 2014  
Horse mackerel (tons)  586 1,530 23,817 20,000 60,000 62,714 78,412 
3.22.  Besides the horse mackerel, the Ministry of Fisheries has been also focus on preserved fish, 
cod, pre-prepared products and tilapia. During 201 4, imports of these products were executed by 
45 companies, ascending to a total of 733,266 tons from different countries. 
3.23.  The National Legislation on Aquatic Biological Resources specifies the priorities of the fishing 
sector, and defines the measures under which the aquatic biological resources should be exploited in adequate and sustainable manner. In this regard, Angola has established catch limits for every 
species and quota for each fishing area. 
3.24.  Considering the important role this sector carries out, the following programmes and 
measures of politics were adopted: WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 17 - 
 
  (i) Improvement of the sustainability in the exploration of fishing resources; 
(ii) Improvement of the repairing, operational and maintenance capacity of the fishing 
fleet; 
(iii) Support the artisanal fishing; 
(iv) Improvement of processing, distribution and commercialization processes for fishing 
and salt sectors; 
(v) Development of aquaculture; and 
(vi) Reinforcement of scientific/technical training for the fishing sector. 
3.25.  The National Development Plan ("Pl ano Nacional de Desenvolvimento") for the 
period 2013-17 establishes a total volume of 454,850 (four hundred and fifty-four thousand eight hundred and fifty) tons of fish production, in industrial, semi-industrial, artisanal (marine and 
continental) and aquaculture, and a production of 120,000 (hundred and twenty thousand) tons of 
salt and of 40,000 (forty thousand) tons of dry fish, and of 60,000 tons for aquaculture products. 
3.1.1.3  Salt production 
3.26.  Angola has a great potential for sea salt production. The weather conditions are favourable, 
and the self-sufficiency could be reached in few years if this sector benefits from appropriate investment and possibility for exportation this product. 
3.27.  Considering the data of the census recently published, indicating that Angola has more than 
24 million inhabitants, more than 200 thousand to ns  ye ar of i od ize d  s alt i s  ne e d ed  for human,  
animal and industrial consumption. The current production is insufficient to supply the national market. 
3.28.  In order to bridge this gap, the country imported 69,000 tons of salt in 2014, valued at 
US$22,606,378, according to the National Shippers Council. 
3.29.  The Government, through the Ministry of Fisheries, within the scope of the programme to 
increase the salt production, has been carrying out a series of support actions to the producers. 
Table 3.7 National salt pr oduction from 2010 to 2014 
Salt production 2010 2011  2012  2013 2014  
Total (tons) 35,807.0 33,169.4 40,118.3 46,707.1 46,437.0 
3.1.1.4  Geology and mining 
3.30.  Angola has, in its subsoil, abundant and varied mineral resources. The exploration and 
rational use of those resources constitutes an important growth and sustainable economic 
development factor. The activity in the sector geological-miner is regulated through the Decree No. 31/11 on 23 September that approves the Mining Code.  
3.31.  Within the scope of economic diversification policies, the Government  has, among other 
objectives, to promote the development of the geology and mining sector in sustainable bases, generating jobs and contributing to the territorial development, productive diversification and expansion of the economy with the implementation  of the following programmes: (i) Recovery of 
the geological infrastructures; (ii) Implementation of the National Plan of Geology ("Plano Nacional 
de Geologia" - PLANAGEO); (iii) Development of th e Human resources; (iv) Creation of sectorial 
companies; and (v) Provide a critical financial and economic analysis on the diamond companies.  
3.32.  PLANAGEO has the following objectives: (i) Revitalize the national mining sector, by 
diversifying the mining production, and increasing the sources of income, simultaneously with the increment of the production and the operationalizing the institutions that are part of it; (ii) to 
Improve the knowledge of on the potential of the mi neral resources in the national territory; (iii) to WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 18 - 
 
  Assure sustainable development of the country, na mely by increasing the contribution of the 
mining sector to the GDP. 
3.33.  The Government intends, with the PLANAGEO , to develop the infrastructures, in order to 
obtain quality geological information, necessary for the knowledge and evaluation of the mining 
potential, in order to determine the country mineral reserves, and on the other hand information 
from PLANAGEO will support the Government decisi on on granting license for mining exploitation 
and attract investors for the sector. The PLANAGEO will facilitate the Government to determine the 
role of mining sector to plan the socioeconomic development of Angola, as well as revitalization 
this sector.  
3.34.  Although the existing difficulties such as the limited and appropriate infrastructures for the 
implementation of geological and mining projects, including the high costs of transports, and 
difficulties of entrepreneurs to get funding, we have noticed in the last few years  an expansion of 
the mining production, such as diamonds, ornamental rocks and other materials for the construction sector. 
Table 3.8 Export of raw diamon ds and ornamental stones, 2008-15 
 Export of raw diamonds Export ornamental stones 
Year Weight in carats 
(ct) Annual gross profit 
(US$) Blocks (m3) Annual gross profit 
(US$) 
2008 8,918,926.21 1,211,294,827.64 .. .. 
2009 9,799,728.23 836,123,040.83  30,778.00 .. 
2010 8,362,194.00 987,181,295.01  25,116.00 .. 
2011 8,681,764.14 1,141,558,573.35  11,640.00 .. 
2012 9,212,500.67 1,187,629,979.63  26,103.70 6,004,000.00 
2013 8,253,591.96 1,150,577,759.98  31,216.00 8,786,900.00 
2014 8,870,566.14 1,335,412,753.36  29,950.97 7,542,628.84 
2015a 1,273,628.22 183,803,500.53  6,231.75 1,622,476.10 
.. No data available. 
a Data for the first quarter of 2015. 
Source: Ministry of Geology and Mining. 
3.35.  For quartz and guano, the expansion of the respective production has been conditioned 
essentially by exogenous factors linked to the market. 
Table 3.9 Export gross quar tz and guano, 2008-15 
 Export gross quartz Export guano 
Year Quantity (ton) Gross profit (US$) Quantity (ton) Gross profit (US$) 
2008 .. .. .. .. 
2009 .. .. .. .. 
2010 .. .. .. .. 
2011 .. .. .. .. 
2012 3,675.50 1,052,500.00 .. .. 
2013 2,386.00 615,700.00 212.00 36,575.00 
2014 45.00 9,000.00 40.00 10,870.00 
2015 .. .. .. .. 
.. No data available. 
Source: Ministry of Geology and Mining 
3.1.2  Secondary sector 
3.36.  The Manufacturing Program of Angola ("Programa de Industrialização de Angola"- PIANG) 
2013-2017 is based on the following 10 priority sectors: Food and Drinks; y Textile, Clothing and 
Shoes, Wood, Wood Furniture, Paper, Paper Pulp and Cardboard Industries; Chemistry and Pharmaceutical; Minerals and Non Metallic Construction Materials, Metal, Machines; and Transport 
Materials, and Recycling. 
3.37.  In line with the identified 10 priority sectors, the Government decided to prioritize 
productive segments, with the aim of generating re levant results in the timeframe of the Program, 
focusing on job creation and increasing the co mpetitiveness and gradual substitution of the WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 19 - 
 
  imports. In this regard, the Government has identified the following priority projects, integrated in 
key programmes and focusing on relevant industries: textile and clothing; grinding and animal feeding, metallic minerals and metallurgies, ceramic products, sugar and ethanol, cellulose and paper, fertilizers, among others. 
3.38.  Each one of the priority productive value chains assumes the existence of economic 
resources stocks likely to suffer a transformation, in order to satisfy demand from inadequacies of the current offer or from market gaps. 
3.39.  The Government organized in October 2013 the Industry Census of Angola developed as 
established by the Presidential Decree No. 67/13, of 2 September, with the aim of knowing and 
assessing the national industrial reality. Based on the results of the Industry Census to the Government will define the long term strategy fo r the sector, taking into account its role for the 
diversification of the national economy and progressive integration the informal sector into the 
formal economy. 
3.40.  Based on one of PND 2013-2017 the objectives to "Promote the rural communities' and 
farmers socioeconomic development and, and improve their living conditions, and simultaneously 
improve food security of the Angolan population and eradication of the poverty", the Government 
approved the Small-Scale Industry in Rural Area Development Program (PROFIR), which defines 
measures and an action plan combined with other programmes at a local level to foster small-scale 
industry in rural areas. 
3.41.  Regarding human resources training, the Go vernment approved the "Training Strategy for 
Specialized Human resources to Support the Industrialization of Angola" which aims to overcome 
the shortage of specialized human resources, which je opardize and  limits  potential and as well as 
compromise the attraction and establishment of new investments in the sector. 
3.42.  The Government has created recently the National Institute for Innovation and Industrial 
Technologies ("Instituto Nacional de Inovação e Tecnologias Industriais" - INITI) in order to 
leverage the capacity building through innovati on, training and technological development to 
transform the industry, and disseminate lessons learnt and good practices and foster the 
development and transfer of knowledge. The INITI will run all training centres as well as other 
research centres. 
3.43.  In the same sense, the Government approved the creation of the Angolan Institute of 
Accreditation ("Instituto Angolano de Acreditação" - IAAC), after splitting the Standard and Quality 
functions, from the Accreditation function, which was previously handled by the Angolan Institute 
of Normalization and Quality ("Instituto Angolano de Normalização e Qualidade"- IANORQ). 
3.1.2.1  Oil industry 
3.44.  The oil industry has been impacted by several uncertainty factors, both regarding 
production, as well as price levels. Its production profile, considering the reserves, is considered to be of moderate, but with continuous growth. 
Table 3.10 Participation of the oil sector in GDP 
Oil sector Participation in GDP 
2008 2009  2010  2011  2012  2013 2014  
 57% 40,90% 45% 47% 43% 54,70% 35,40% 
3.45.  The liberalization of the fuel market in Angola began with the adoption of Resolution 
No. 195/09 of 9 November with approved the Liberalization Strategy. This resolution 
recommended the creation of a stable legislative pact, with transparent rules on the access to 
markets, creating a liberalization model throughout the entire chain: refining, storage, transport, 
distribution and selling of oil products. WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 20 - 
 
  Table 3.11 Crude oil and refined products production, 2008-14 
(UM: Barrels) 
Areas 2008 2009 2010  2011  2012  2013 2014  
Cabinda 118,137,498 113,747,731 126,229,270  117,546,410  106,246,578  96,775,305 93,738,632  
Block 2 5,237,231 6,215,871 6,992,730  6,450,940  5,548,123  2,589,701 1,659,720  
Block 
3/80/85/91 8,206,890 8,074,327 7,442,263      
Block 3/05 
SNL P&P 19,904,811 17,478,979 16,101,894  22,460,606  20,704,102  17,205,793 17,474,281  
Block 
3Canuku 1,124,788 433,270 -  -    
Block 4/05 - 5,523,531 5,874,894  6,198,072  4,676,996  3,564,204 2,668,408  
Block 14 61,307,053 56,581,466 72,022,480  68,374,994  57,281,436  48,777,509 43,253,815  
Block 15 235,248,018 221,774,294 189,734,336  161,095,226  149,145,025  136,174,852 120,515,220a 
Block 17 186,225,519 167,698,200 157,153,078  178,304,623  222,305,639  216,827,121 217,716,223  
Block 18 55,416,825 58,211,781 56,427,870  41,719,765  62,376,581  65,093,061 50,217,280  
Block 31 - - -  - 1,795,286  36,301,065 60,677,433  
Cabinda 
Sul - - - - - 220,117 696,877  
Onshore-
Congo 4,899,111 4,533,678 3,545,696  3,571,818  3,070,069  2,647,750 1,542,615  
Total 695,707,744 660,273,128 641,524,511  605,722,454  633,149,835  626,176,478 610,160,504  
a Includes Block 15/06. 
Table 3.12 Crude oil derivatives production, 2008-14 
(UM: Metric tons) 
Products 2008 2009  2010  2011  2012  2013 2014  
GPL 26,394 25,378  23,372  29,794  29,097  35,190 31,098  
NAFTA 118,476 133,030  130,765  166,069  155,731  205,048 189,851  
Gasoline 68,068 42,237  40,062  63,057  72,805  68,727 27,179  
Jet-B 110,225   142,696  92,391  95,537  130,979  145,502 194,119  
Jet-A1 214,959 213,263  168,162  172,372  171,654  193,305 197,370  
Illuminating oil 927 (963)  1,835  73,276  76,325  89,005 69,263  
Diesel 527,372 509,141  447,205  517,776  526,810  563,552 532,156  
Ordoil  15,360 (313)  10,503  79,109  95,230  11,004 134,904  
Fuel oil 595,251 604,168  537,965  659,657  625,475  680,799 749,761  
Othersa 97,011 95,956  28,526  18,470  21,319  26,834 35,985  
Total 1,774,043 1,764,593  1,480,786  1,875,117  1,905,425   2,018,966 2,161,686  
a Asphalt, Extra-heavy, Cut Back. 
3.46.  Regarding refining, the selling price of crude oil to the refinery in Luanda is defined in 
accordance with Presidential Decree No. 1/12 of 4 January. 
3.47.  In one hand, the current selling price of th e crude oil supplied to the refinery in Luanda, as 
well as the margins the following activities: refining, logistics, distribution and selling of petroleum products that are part of the fixed price system. In another hand, the liquefied petroleum gas, the 
illuminating oil and diesel are subsidized by  values close to 67.15%, 44.41% and 21.06% 
respectively, while the Government ceased to subsidize the gasoline (Executive Decree No. 235/15 of 30 April). 
3.48.  The subsidy focuses on the logistics operator for each of the products that are part of the 
fixed price system. The prices of other refined oil products are sold at market price. 
3.1.3  Tertiary sector 3.49.  Angola fully respects the commitment of not limiting any legitimate activities in the banking 
and credit sectors, neither in the hotel, restaurant and leisure services nor in sports, in conformity 
with the according to the terms of the General Agreement on Trade in Services. 
3.1.3.1  Financial services 
3.50.  Regarding financial services, the planned measures currently under implementation are the 
following: WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 21 - 
 
   Development and operationalization of the "Angolan Payments System (SPA)", in line 
with the "SPA Project – Implementation Archit ecture and Strategy", an initiative open 
to international payments systems; 
 Approval of the Law of Anti Money Laundering; 
 Extension of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) system ("MULTICAIXA") operated 
by the Interbanking Service Company (EMIS). 
3.51.  The insurance and pension funds sectors have registered  robust growth in the last few 
years, which the creation of the Insurance Regu latory Agency (ARSEG), under the Presidential 
Decree No. 141/13 of 27 September. The national insurance market consists of 17 (seventeen) insurance companies and 5 (five) pension funds management firms. 
3.1.3.2  Hospitality and tourism 
3.52.  Angola presents a great variety of potential tourism opportunities with approximately 
2,600 touristic attractions, covering different tourism segments such as sun and sea and culture and Nature. Since 2006, there has been a steady growth in the number of inbound tourism, mainly 
from Europe. 
3.53.  Despite the fact that business tourism continues to be the leading cause of visits to the 
country, but in the last few years, the holiday tourism starts to become a major cause of visit to 
the country. Although still a marginal activity, but tourism begins showing signs of source of high 
revenues for Angola and contributed to the creation or mantaining over 135 thousand jobs. 
3.54.  In terms of hospitality infrastructures, Angola has registered in the last few years 
remarkable progress. From 2008 to 2014 the country have opened 185 new hotels, 14 apartment 
hotels, 602 B&B Facilities (pensões), 565 inns and 88 touristic villas. Restaurants, food and 
beverages were the segments that grew the most during this period, having accounted for 46% for 
the sector's GDP in those years.  
3.55.  It is expected that in a 10-year period Angola will meet  the conditions to attract 4.6 million 
tourists, which could generate US$4.7 billion of revenues from tourism activities, employ over 1 million people. If these aspirations are to be materialised, the hospitality and tourism sector will 
represent 3% of GDP. 
3.56.  In order to strengthen the already existing legal framework that regulates the sector's 
activities, the following instrument was approved: 
 Resolution No. 7/97 of 20 June, on the National Tourism Policy - a Política Nacional do 
Turismo – Official Gazette, 1
st Series, No. 29 of 20 June 1997; 
 Decree-Law n. 54/97 of 1 August, approvin g the Licensing Norms and regulating the 
Operations of Travel and Tourism Agencies – Official Gazette, 1st Series, No. 36 of 
1 August 1997; 
 Decree-Law No. 6/97 of 15 August, establishing the Norms that Regulate the 
Exploitation of Angola's Touristic Resources the Operations of the Hospitality Industry 
– Official Gazette, 1st Series, No. 38 of 15 August 1997. 
3.1.4  Poverty reduction 3.57.  Poverty Reduction is a priority for the Govern ment of Angola, a fact that has been translated 
into several legal documents incorporated into the "Angola 2025 Strategy" which the national 
long-term development plan. 
3.58.  Within this scope, the Government created the Integrated Municipal Program for Rural 
Development and Poverty Reduction ("Programa Mu nicipal Integrado de Desenvolvimento Rural e 
Combate à Pobreza" - PMIDRCP). This programme pl ays a catalyser role in facing the in numerous 
challenges at community level. The PMIDRCP has been demonstrating its considerable positive effects on social inclusion and, consequently, on the process of national unification, based on its 
3 (three) core objectives: WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 22 - 
 
  - Poverty reducing in rural areas; 
- Promotion and increase population access to basic services; 
- Leverage local growth and development. 
3.59.  The attainment of these goals relies on th e implementation and efficacy of the following 
sub-programmes: Primary Health Care ("Cuidados Primários de Saúde"), Water for All ("Água para 
Todos"), School Meal ("Merenda Escolar"), Aid for Work ("Ajuda para Trabalho"), and the Solar 
Village ("Aldeia Solar"). 
3.60.  Running in parallel with PMIDRCP is the im plementation of the National Strategy for Rural 
trade and Entrepreneurship ("Estratégia Nacional de Comércio Rural e Empreendedorismo" - ENACRE). The Government's main intention with the adoption of this strategy is to leverage rural 
trade by facilitating the absorption by market the farmers surpluses and reduce post-harvest 
losses as well as commercialization costs through the Agricultural Surpluses Acquisition Program 
("Programa de Aquisição de Produtos Ag ro-pecuários aos Camponeses" - PAPAGRO). 
3.61.  The "Water for All" Program ("Água para Todos") constitutes a pragmatic response from the 
Government aimed at increasing drinking water supply in all municipalities, communes and rural 
areas. This is to be achieved through the co nstruction of small water supply systems. This 
programme aims to reach 80% of rural population. 
3.62.  The "Solar Village" Program ("Programa Al deia Solar") launched within the framework of the 
PND 2013-2017, has been responsible for the electrification of 48 villages throughout the country and has benefited more than 100 thousand familie s. In addition to households, this programme 
also provided electric power to schools, hospitals and local government and community facilities.  
3.63.  From the "Aid for Work" Program ("Programa Ajuda para o Trabalho") stand out the 
initiatives Kikuia Village, Planta Só, CIMPAS and PAPAGRO, just to name few of them. The former promote socioeconomic inclusion through job creation, especially to vulnerable people. 
3.2  Trade policy implementation 
3.64.  The dynamic of economic and social deve lopment of the country requires, amongst other 
factors, the enlargement of the productive base , the diversification of the economy and, as a 
result, the diversification of exports, taking adva ntage of preferential tariffs of each trade major 
partners. Taking into account the national potential for exportation, the Government's programme continues to prioritize the promotion of export s and the development of sectors with potential 
comparative and competitive advantages, as well as supporting regional and international 
initiatives that contribute to the intensification of economic cooperation and integration. 
3.3  Cooperation agreements on trade and development 3.65.  Regarding its regional and international economic relations, the Republic of Angola 
continues to invest in the promotion of partnerships with several other nations. The country 
explores mutual advantages within the guidelines  of the United Nations and the African Union's 
Charters, from which the following recommendations stand out: 
 Support competitive integration in the global economy, diversifying bilateral relations 
in order to expand Trade, Scientific and Technologic Cooperation Agreements with emerging economies; 
 Strengthen commercial, cultural and technologic relations with other nations from the 
Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries ("Comunidade dos Países de Língua 
Portuguesa" - CPLP);  
 Establish commercial partnerships within the scope of the South-South Cooperation 
Agreement within the Gulf of Guinea region; 
 Implement, in the medium run, the political , economic and social priorities of the 
Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 2015-2020 of Southern 
African Development Community (SADC) aimed at deepening the Economic Regional 
Integration of this community; 
 Promote Regional Integration of Great Lakes region through the harmonization of the 
Economic Cooperation instruments available, the adoption of macroeconomic WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 23 - 
 
  convergence strategies, and the implementati on of regional collaboration policies 
towards economic integration and the reinforcement of economic growth; 
 Promote regional integration along the establishment of a Common Continental 
Market, by advancing political initiatives that preserve security and political stability in 
the continent; 
 Expand the participation in the global energy markets. 
3.3.1  Bilateral cooperation trade agreements 
3.66.  As part of the Trade Cooperation Policy, Angola has been engaged in the celebration of 
bilateral agreements with several countries worldwide. 
3.3.2   Regional trading arrangements 3.67.  In the regional context, the Republic of  Angola continues to increase its political and 
economic participation, in the quest to maximize the benefits derived from existing opportunities. 
It focuses on securing the fulfilment of agreem ents, protocols and established goals of the SADC, 
actively contributing for Economic Integration in the region. 
3.68.  In terms of the SADC's Finance and Investment Protocol, as a structural instrument in the 
promotion of Regional Economic Integration in these two sectors, the SADC defined primary and 
secondary indicators and set macroeconomic conver gence objectives concerning Inflation, Public 
Budget Deficit, Public Debt, and the Current Account  of the Balance of Payments, economic growth 
and exports growth rates. From these, the follo wing recommendations from the SADC deserve to 
be highlighted: 
 Further collaboration towards the harmonization of the inflation measures; 
 Coordination of exchange rate policies among member states; 
 Establishment of legal principles to promote the coherence and convergence in the 
structure of Central Banks; 
 Strengthen cooperation among regional development institutions and; 
 Promotion of investments at the regional level. 
3.69.  Within regional Commercial Cooperation Policy, Angola has signed commercial agreements 
with several countries from the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP). 
3.70.  In order to facilitate trade with neighbouring countries, Angola signed in 2015 Trans-
Frontier Agreements with the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Republic of 
Namibia and Republic of Zambia. Regarding fi shing activities, Angolan legislation grants 
preferential treatment to vessels from SADC's me mber states, in accordance with SADC's Fishing 
Protocol which applies the principle of "the most favoured nation". Within Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), Angola signed Bilateral Trade Agreements with some member 
states from this Community, such as Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon and DRC, just to name some of 
them. 
3.71.  Angola is implementing the "Tripartite Fee Trade Area" (COMESA-EAC-SADC), regarding the 
integration of the Markets, Industrial Development and Development of Infrastructures, as well as 
of the creation of the Continental Free Trade Area  (CFTA), with the objective of reaching a global 
and mutually beneficial Trade Agreement among Me mber-States of the African Union, that include 
the Trade in Goods, Trade in Services, Investments, Intellectual Property Rights and Competition 
policy. 
3.3.3  International agreements 
 Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO): the Republic of Angola is 
currently a member of FAO's Council, with a mandate of 3 years until June 2016, and 
was elected as a Member of the Steering Committee for the Family Agriculture.   
 International Coffee Organization:  the Republic of Angola, under resolution No. 18/04 
of 18 May of the National Assembly, approved the International Coffee 2001 Agreement, containing general obligations of  Member States importers and exporters, WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 24 - 
 
  particularly on the issuance and use of certificates of origin and the supply of accurate 
information on re-exports. 
 Common Fund for Commodities: Angola, as a founding member, works in partnership 
in developing the Experimental Project for the Rehabilitation of Abandoned Farm as 
small Family Production Units. 
 South East Atlantic Fisheries Organization (SEAFO):  Angola signed the Convention to 
create this organization with the view facilitate conservation of fish populations, 
through the adoption of the UN agreement on the conservation and ordering of these 
resources. 
 International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) : Angola is a 
member of this intergovernmental organization with the objective of to conserve tuna 
and similar species of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas.  
 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea:  Angola has ratified it since 
5 December 1990.  
3.3.4  Trade agreements for development and cooperation 
3.72.  Angola is part of several agreements, namely: 
 Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP):  several programmes exist, 
focusing on trade cooperation among its members; 
 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) : A Memorandum of 
Understanding for Cooperation between the Angolan authorities and UNCTAD was signed in 2015 which will be the basis for the support in the institutional capacity 
building with regard to training, in terms of database, research, and other fields. 
UNCTAD is playing important role on Angola's graduation from the Least Developed Countries. Indeed, Angola was referred as e ligible for graduation for the second time 
in March 2015 by the Committee for Development Policies of the United Nations 
(CDP). 
3.3.5  Preferential trade agreements 
3.73.  Within the framework of trade preferences, the following highlight: 
 The Republic of Angola is a member of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries 
that, in association with the European Union, participate in the process of negotiating the Economic Partnership Agreements APE - EU, as well is with the SADC Member 
States, with the aim of liberalizing trade.  
 In the scope of negotiations on the Econom ic Partnership Agreements, Angola signed, 
with the European Union on 23 July 2012 a "Memorandum of Understanding", entitled 
"Caminho Conjunto União Europeia-Angola" with the aim of promoting relations 
between the two parties to a new level, by means of a dialogue guided by the fundamental principles of democracy and the rule of law, sovereignty and respect for 
territorial integrity, respect for human righ ts and good governance, equity, ownership 
and joint responsibility as well as the inte rdependence between Africa and Europe in a 
world increasingly globalized. 
 Even with the planned transition of "Lea st Developed Country (LDC)" to "Middle 
Income Country (MIC's)", the Republic of Angola will continue to benefit from the EU's 
preferential access under the "Everything but Arms", 2020. 
 Angola signed the Framework Agreement on Trade and Investment with the United 
States of America (TIFA), with the aim to improve market access and remove barriers 
to trade and investment, strengthening agri cultural trade and agri-business, develop 
and strengthen the financial sector and improve access to trade finance. WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 25 - 
 
   With the United States of America , under the American Law on the Africa Growth and 
Opportunity Act (AGOA). Angola continues to enjoy the benefits of market access initiative. 
4  ANGOLA AND THE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM 
4.1.  Angola has been a Member of the WTO since 23 November 1996 and gives the Most 
Favoured Nation (MFN) treatment to all its trading partners. The country reaffirms its commitment to the Multilateral Trade System and the liberali zation of trade, which considers beneficial for 
growth the development and well-being of the popu lation. However, Angola underlines the urgent 
and imperative that these benefits are shared equitably among all countries of the world.  
4.2.  The Republic of Angola believes that the WTO can play an important role, not only regarding 
the reputation on the trade liberalization process in order to make it more organized, diversified 
and flexible, but also in implementing a fr amework based on the rules of world trade. 
4.3.  It was in this perspective that Angola joined the WTO and actively supported the launch of 
the multilateral trade negotiations round at the 4
th WTO Ministerial Conference, held in Doha 
(Qatar) in November 2001. Angola welcomes the results achieved in the 9th Ministerial Conference 
in December 2013 in Bali, regarding trade facilitation  and in other decisions in favour of the Least 
Developed Countries (LDC). However, it does not reflect yet the level of ambition of the Doha 
Development Agenda that is to place their needs and interests of the developing countries at the 
heart of these multilateral trade negotiations. 
4.4.  Therefore, Angola calls upon all Members to be engaged, displaying when possible flexibility, 
for a positive and satisfactory final outcome in the next Ministerial Conference, scheduled for 
December 2015 in Nairobi (Kenya). 
4.1  Some specific WTO issues 4.1.1  Implementation 
4.5.  Despite the autonomous liberalization and integration efforts in world trade, Angola 
registered a large delay in implementing the Uruguay Round Agreements. This is due to the particular political developments that occurred during the last decades. 
4.6.  In this regard, Angola needs a longer period of transition to adjust its national legislation to 
WTO agreements guidelines and an appropriate te chnical assistance in order to strengthen its 
institutional capacity and financial technological means. 
4.7.  Angola welcomed the decision taken by the General Council on 11 June 2013 to extend until 
1 July 2021 the transition period for the ADPIC Agreement implementation by the Least Developed 
Countries. 
4.1.2  Special and differential treatment 
4.8.  Angola underlines the importance of Special and Differential Treatment as key component 
and negotiations, reflecting the WTO Member diversity recognition, the asymmetry of the 
economic weight of each and the need to make the trading system economic benefits are well split 
between all Members. 
4.9.  Accordingly, the provisions on special and differential treatment should be reviewed with a 
view to strengthening them and making them more precise, effective and operational in accordance with Doha Ministerial Conference Declar ation of 2001. It should be improved to ensure 
that WTO's flexibility does not become invalid due to other organizations requested obligations.  
4.1.3  Agriculture 4.10.  This sector has vital importance for Angola's economic development. The economies 
dependence of developing countries, both as exporters and as net food importers, calls for the 
implementation of commitments in favour of LD C on duty-free and quota-free market access and WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 26 - 
 
  greater flexibility and moderation in the sanita ry and phytosanitary measures application, and 
others related technical barriers to trade.  
4.11.  Angola recognizes the key role agriculture in poverty combat and reduction and calls upon 
all members to respect its commitments and to implement the Hong Kong and Bali Ministerial 
Decisions on ensuring the parallel elimination of al l forms of export subsidies and disciplines on all 
export measures with equivalent effect. 
4.1.4  Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) 
4.12.  Angola assigns great importance to the ongoing negotiations in the context of Doha Round. 
Taking into account the need to create conditions for its industrialization and economic diversification, Angola emphasizes the importance of special and differential treatment and less than full reciprocity in liberalization commitments to pursue its development objectives.  
4.1.5  Services  
4.13.  Services sector constitutes an important ec onomic activity for the development. It tends to 
grow, contributing positively to the economic development. 
4.14.  Although Angola has not presented its offer regarding negotiations on services trade, it 
should be emphasized that the country has been gradual and progressively liberalizing this sector, namely the financial services, construction, consultancy, architecture, teaching, 
telecommunications, transports and health. 
4.15.  Relatively to the financial services, the insurance market has been growing and developing 
in a sustainable way. It has accelerated after the market liberalizing in 2002, with increase from a 
single public insurance company to 17 (seventeen) private insurance companies, 36 (thirty six) 
mediators and brokerage companies and 351 (three hundred and fifty one) individual mediators. 
4.16.  In the legal plan, and by the Presidenti al Decree No. 141/13 of 27 September, the Angolan 
Agency for Insurance Regulation and Supervision ("Agência Angolana de Regulação e Supervisão 
de Seguros" - ARSEG) was created as a specialize d entity to manage the regulation, supervision, 
inspection and control of the insurance, reinsu rance and of insurance mediation and reinsurance 
sectors. 
4.17.  The financial system was itself also reinforced, from 2006 to 2014, after the banking system 
rising from 17 to 23 banks in operation, with 1,452 bank dependencies, covering almost the whole national territory. Following the financial sector growth trend to accompany the development of the financial sector and provide a framework for new products, the Law of the financial 
(Law No. 13/05 of 30 September) institutions was created. 
4.18.  Regarding the development of the financial system, on combating money and terrorism 
financing (ML/FT) are key priorities. Therefore, Angola has become an effective member of Eastern 
and Southern Africa Anti Money Laundering Group (ESAAMLG) and of the Financial Information 
Unit (FIU), and is in the process to become a member of Egmont Group (network of FIU with focus on stimulating cooperation among these institutions).  
4.19.  In June 2010, and again in February 2013, Angola presented a high level political 
commitment regarding cooperation with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to correct the deficiencies in terms of combat strategy to ML /TF of the country. Since then, Angola has been 
adopting measures to improve its system, namely through the legislation and regulation, and the 
implementation of supervision mechanisms. 
4.20.  Angola's legislation and regulation mechanisms regarding combat to ML/TF follow the 
determination and the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), of the Basel 
Committee on Banking Supervision, as well as the determination in the United Nations Convention 
Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Convention of Palermo), the United Nations 
Convention against the Corruption and The International Convention for the Suppression of the WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 27 - 
 
  Financing of Terrorism. In this path, between 2011 and 2014, the Country enacted a number of 
Laws and applicable Regulations, with the view to prevent and combat ML/TF. 
4.21.  Regarding Micro-Credit and its impact on poverty reduction, from 2006 to 2014, the Angola 
National Bank approved 5 (five) institutions of Micro-Credit with a total number of 23 
(twenty-three) agencies, dispersed by several provin ces. The legislation that supports this activity 
is the Decree No. 28/11 of 2 February, 2011 - Regulamento das sociedades de Micro – Crédito e no Aviso No. 07/2011, of 15 July. 
4.22.  Concerning Health, the medical assistance in Angola is evolving towards a free and universal 
system, in the whole national territory. The Article 77 of the Constitution of the Republic enshrines 
as universal right the access to health all citizens. 
4.23.  The National Health Policy foresees the coexistence of the National Health Service, where 
the State is the main provider at national level, and the Private Sub-system complements the 
public activity and contributes to the improvem ent of the sanitary state of the country. The 
exercise of the Private activity in the health sector is regulated by the Framework Law on the 
National Health Service (Law 21-B/92). 
4.24.  The practice of the Private Medicine in Angola is regulated by the Decree No. 48/92 of 
11 September that approves the Regulation of the Private Healthcare Institutions and the Decree 
No. 34-B/92 of 17 July that approves the Regula tion of the Practice of Private Medicine. 
4.25.  Foreign Citizens can exercise medical activity in Angola through the aforementioned 
Diplomas, as well as the Regulation on the Juridical Regime of Foreigners (Presidential Decree No. 108/11 of 25 May); the Regulation on the Work for Non Residents (Decree No. 6/01 of 
19 January) and the legal diploma regulates the Non Resident Foreign Workforce Employment 
(Decree no 5/95 of 7 April). 
4.26.  Among other requirements, the foreign citizen should possess legal residence in Angola, 
should have the documents that prove his level of  training (recognized by the Competent Angolan 
Authorities) and to be enrolled in the respective Professional Association, and respect its statute and code of conduct. 
4.27.  The private investment in the Health Sector , particularly in the health care area, should 
obey the foreseen in the Private Investment Law (Law No. 20/11 of 20 May). 
4.28.  The Education is a fundamental Right, with a specific provision in the Constitution of the 
Republic of Angola. The Law of the Education System (Decree No. 13/01, of 31 December) ensures 
free and compulsory primary education. However, in li ne with the priorities of the National Plan of 
Development, to the year 2017, the Government is creating the necessary conditions progressively to turn effective, obligatory and free the 1st Cycle of the secondary school (until the 9th year of 
education). The materialization of this objective follows the policies taken by the respective 
Ministerial department, in the medium and long-t erm plans, seeking to reach the objectives and 
defined goals for each Educational sub-system in the periods from 2008-2012, and 2013-2017. 
4.29.  The private and co-funded education plays important role in reinforcing the expansion of 
access to Education that the Government has been consolidating. Private education is regulated by the Presidential Decree No. 207/11 of 2 August, wh ich approves the Status of Private Education. 
Currently, the number of students in these schools has been increasing, accounting currently for 
over 10% of all students in primary and secondary education. This indicator shows that the 
Angolan Government is the biggest investor in the Education sector. 
4.30.  Regarding the teaching and learning process, the State allows the hiring of expatriates, in 
accordance with published legislation on Regulation on the foreigners legal status (Presidential 
Decree No. 108/11 of 25 May), on Regulation on no n-resident worker professional activity (Decree 
No. 6/01 of 19 January), and Regulation on the employment of non-resident foreign workforce 
(Decree no 5/95 of 7 April). WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 28 - 
 
  4.31.  The interested foreign may promote the creation of educational institutions up to secondary 
school, in conformity with the Private Investment Law, Law 20/11 of 20 May, and legal diploma on Status of private education institutions (Presidential Decree 207/11 of 2 August). 
4.32.  Angola is interested in the development of services and, ipso facto , by the ongoing 
negotiations in this area, and therefore welcome the 2011 Ministerial Decision on Preferential 
Treatment to Services and Service Suppliers of Least-Developed Countries, as well as the 2013 Ministerial Decision on Operationalization of th e waiver concerning preferential treatment to 
services and service suppliers of LDC. In this context, Angola calls upon for its rapid, effective and 
efficient implementation to increase the LDC participation in service trade. 
4.33.  To address this issue as a whole and for the preparation of a coherent domestic strategy 
that takes into account national objectives as well as autonomous liberalization, Angola requests a 
specific technical assistance. 
4.1.6  Trade-Related Aspects of Intellect ual Property Rights and Public Health  
4.34.  Angola welcomes the approval by the General Council Decision of 6 December 2005 on the 
amendment to permanently incorporate into the TR IPS Agreement additional flexibilities to grant 
special compulsory licences for the export of medi cines. Therefore, the Government of Angola is 
working to ratify its protocol of amendment. 
4.35.  The Law No. 15/14 of 31 July, regulates the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in 
arts, literature, science or other forms of knowle dge and creation, focusing on the creative and 
performing artists, performers, producers, media broadcasting and other organizations, as well as collective management entities of intellectual work of literary, artistic and scientific nature.  
4.36.  The relationship between the TRIPS Agreem ent and the Convention on Biological Diversity 
(CBD), in addition to the protection of traditional knowledge and folklore, should be dealt with urgency in order to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of 
genetic resources and traditional knowledge of origin countries. 
4.37.  Angola welcomes the Decision taken by the 9
th Ministerial Conference to extend until 
December 2015, pursuant Article 64.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, of the moratorium on not-violation 
and situation complaints related to intellectual property rights. 
4.1.7  Trade facilitation 4.38.  Trade facilitation is of great importance, because border procedures efficiency can help 
reduce trade transactions costs and increase the economic agents' competitiveness. Angola 
participated actively in the WTO trade facilita tion negotiations, and welcomes the Agreement 
approval on this matter in the 9
th Ministerial Conference in December 2013 in Bali (Indonesia), as 
well as the adoption of the Protocol of Amen dment for its inclusion in Annex 1A of the WTO 
Agreement by the General Council on 27 November 2014. 
4.39.  Internally, Angola is creating all the necessary conditions for the acceptance of the Protocol 
of Amendment. In this regard, Angola has gradually and voluntarily improved on delivery of its 
customs and other related trade facilitation services. 
4.40.  The Angolan Customs Services Strategic Pl an for 2013-2017 recognizes the importance of 
trade facilitation for economic development,  establishing four strategic objectives: 
 Harmonization and simplification of customs systems and procedures; 
 Trade facilitation and security throughout the import chain; 
 Cooperation on national and international levels; and 
 Development and improvement of Customs Law. 
4.41.  It was successfully implemented the new Integrated Foreign Trade System ("Sistema 
Integrado do Comércio Externo" – SICOEX) which is intended to accelerate and simplify the WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 29 - 
 
  import, export and re-export process and integrat es the Angola National Bank, the Ministry of 
Commerce and the General Tax Administration. 
4.42.  Through the Presidential Decree No. 63/13 of 29 May, the mandatory pre-shipment goods 
inspection was eliminated, starting to be performed using risk based approach. Other important 
reforms were carried out, both in terms of cust oms services, such as ports, thus hastening the 
goods clearance in the country's main entry points. 
4.43.  Given its geostrategic position between Central and Southern Africa, Angola conducted 
from 2008 to 2014 large investments totalling KZ 92,278,965,563 (approximately equivalent to 
(9) nine billion US$) with the construction and rehabilitation of road, port, airport and railway infrastructures, as well as  logistics platforms, contributing in that way to regional development and integration. 
4.44.  Regarding the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation, Angola considers essential that 
technical and financial assistance being provided to strengthen the human and institutional capacity, and that the principle of Special and Differential Treatment is effectively applied into its 
implementation. 
4.1.8  Rules and trade measures 4.45.  Angola places great importance to the current negotiations regarding the applicable rules, in 
order to guarantee the attainment of all the aspe cts of the Mandate (Anti-Dumping, Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures (SCM), including the fisheries subsidies and Regional Trade Agreements), being these important ones for the development of the Multilateral Trade System basing on rules 
for the global balance of the results in the fr amework of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). 
4.46.  Angola considers that the liberalization of the commercial trades in the Regional Trade 
Agreements constitutes an important complement to the multilateral process and a way to increment trade and promoting development. 
4.47.  In the legal framework, Angola applies trade measures for a reduced number of products. In 
this sense, the Presidential Decree No. 26/15 of 12 January authorizes use of tariff quota to 
mackerel importation free of tax with exception of  the stamp tax of 1% and a service tax of 2%). 
4.48.  The tariff quota of fished horse mackerel (HS code 0302.45.10) in respect to the year of 
2015 ascends to 90,000 tons. The analysis by beneficiaries shows a privilege to the companies that hold processing, treatment or conservation infrastructures, as well as new operators that demonstrate technical and financial capacity and show interest in importing in 2015. The Ministry 
of Fisheries has the responsibility to determine the criteria of selection. However, the horse 
mackerel import out of quota is authorized with all the customs rights and other legally established impositions: 30% of import rights, 10% of the co nsumption tax, 1% of the stamp tax and 2% of 
service taxes. 
4.49.  The Executive Decree No. 2/15, of 8 Janua ry, of the Ministers of Economy, Industry, 
Commerce Trade and Construction, restricts the import of cement (HS code 2523.21.00) for the 
year of 2015, to the exception of the establishe d in Article 1º, point 2 of the referred Decree, 
authorizing import for the frontier provinces of Cunene, Kuando Kubango and Cabinda, with share of 150,000 tons respectively. 
4.50.  Another legal diploma, the Executive De cree No. 22/15 of 23 January, emanating from the 
Ministries of Finance, Agriculture, Fishing, In dustry, and Trade and Transports, as well as the 
National Bank of Angola, refers a general import quota for basic food, drinks, eggs, fruit and vegetable. It should be by underlined that the revi sion of the implementation of this measure is in 
progress. 
4.51.  The Presidential Decree No. 62/14 of the 12 March, conjugated with the Presidential Decree 
No. 71/15 of 20 March, regulates activities of import, trade and technical support to road 
equipment. In agreement with stipulated in Article 17th, point 2 of the referred diploma, it is only 
allowed the imports of used road vehicles (of passengers and trucks) that have a maximum of WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 30 - 
 
  3 (three) and 8 (eight) years of use, respectively, counted starting from the date of the first 
manufacture. 
4.52.  Both for environmental reasons, and road safety, the import of used tires is prohibited. 4.1.9  Sanitary and phytosanitary measures  
4.53.  In accordance with the multilateral trade rules, Angola took some measures to protect the 
public health, demanding that both the imported and domestic goods to submitted to laboratory analyses. 
4.54.  The Presidential Decree No. 275/11 of 28 October establishes the applicable norms either 
for exportation or for domestic consumption, focusing on safeguarding public health, the environment and of the national industry. 
4.2  Technical support 
4.55.  It should be highlighted that Angola requires technical support in several domains, namely: 
4.2.1  Implementation of agreements 4.56.  On implementation of WTO Agreements, Angola requires technical on: 
 Elaboration of the anti-dumping legislation,  and definition of the countervailing and 
safeguarding measures; 
 Elaboration of legislation on electronic commerce; 
 Implementation of the Agreement on Custom valuation; 
 Implementation of the TRIPS Agreement  through reform of domestic legislation; 
 Formulation and implementation of actions for trade promotion; 
 Training on the relevant standard-setting fo r food safety, especially for Codex Angola's 
members, social institutions, producers, merchants and consumers; 
 Equipment of the laboratories related to the application of the sanitary and 
phytosanitary measures; 
 Creation of the system of quality control (labelling laws, SPS, etc.). 
4.2.2  Increase of the offer and trade support 4.57.  On trade support, Angola requires technical for: 
 Vertical and horizontal diversification of the exported products; 
 Development of small and medium-sized enterprises focusing on consumer markets, 
needing raw materials and human resources, as well as easily obtainable technologies; 
 Availability of systematized commercial information. 
4.2.3  Creation of a National  Executive Secretariat for WTO 
4.58.  Angola intends to create a National Executive Secretariat for WTO, which will be coordinated 
by the Ministry of Trade and have a multisectoral advisory board. The referred Secretariat should 
be an indispensable mechanism in the promotion, attendance and coordination of all activities 
related to the implementation of the Agreements of WTO and other key issues, namely in 
strengthening the human capacity. 
4.2.4  National Agency for the Promotion of the Exports 4.59.  Angola has created the National Agency for the Exports Promotion ("Agência Nacional para a 
Promoção das Exportações"- ANPEX), to promote expo rts of industrial, artisanal, agricultural and 
agro-business products, as well as to structure the technical-administrative support focused in the 
external trade operators. Angola needs to focus on technical support, to strengthen the human and institutional capacities of ANPEX.  WT/TPR/G/321/Rev.1 • Angola 
 
- 31 - 
 
  5  CONCLUSION 
5.1.  Angola initiated, in the 1990s, a vast programme of economic reforms, characterized by the 
progressive introduction of a market economy. The Angolan Government has taken the necessary initiatives to implement essential measures, aiming to re-establish its capital of trust and 
credibility, improve the business environment and business support services, particularly regarding 
Small and Medium Enterprises ("Pequenas e Médias Empresas" - PME's). 
5.2.  Overall the National Trade Policy focuses on following aspects: 
- The Disengagement of the State from the economic activities; 
- Establishment of Price liberalization; 
- Trade Liberalization; 
- Adoption of Laws and regulations adapted to the existing economic environment; 
- Adoption of laws relating to investments; 
- Promotion of the Private Sector. 
5.3.  The end of the armed conflict in April 2002 le d to the consolidation of existing structures and 
democratic institutions. The Angolan Government has expressed its firm resolve to open up its 
market and boost its economy, fully taking part in the initiatives and agreements on multilateral, regional and bilateral trade promotion in order to gain from identified advantages, substantially 
reducing unemployment and poverty and improving citizens' living standards. 
5.4.  The relaunch of the National Reconstruction Process as a first priority, and well as the 
Integrated Municipal Program for Rural Development and Poverty Reduction, established a great instrument for long-term Government  activity  programming called "ANGOLA 2025" which is being 
run in this governance cycle through the materialization of the National Development Plan 
2013-2017 ("Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento" - PND). 
5.5.  This Plan has three key vectors: Stability, Growth and Employment, which materialize the 
driving idea. 
5.6.  Likewise, the PND "2013-2017" will be the key instrument for Angolan economy growth 
(annual average growth rate of 7.4%), being primar ily based on the diversification of the national 
economic structure, allowing Angola to continue to improve its commercial policy in the next 
cycles, as well as create competitiveness to join the SADC's Free Trade Area and simultaneously the tripartite trade area. 
__________