G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
13 July 2018  
(18-4208) Page: 1/26 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original: English /French  
 
STATE TRADING  
NEW AND FULL NOTIFIC ATION PURSUANT TO AR TICLE XVII:4(A) OF T HE  
GATT 1994 AND PARAGR APH 1 OF THE UNDERSTANDI NG ON  
THE INTERPRETATION O F ARTICLE  XVII 
CANADA  
The following communication, dated 2 July 2018 , is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of Canada.  
 
_______________  
 
 
Pursuant to the provisions of Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and paragraph  1 of the 
Understanding on the Interpretation of Article  XVII, Canada submits herewith its notification 
concerning state trading e nterprises. This notification covers the Canadian Dairy Commission, the 
Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation and the Provincial and Territorial Liquor Control Authorities 
for the period covering 201 5/2016 to 201 6/2017. G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENT ERPRISES  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
Canadian Dairy Commission (CDC).  
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description)  
04.05  Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk; dairy spreads.  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The statutory objectives of the CDC are to provide efficient Canadian producers of milk and cream 
with the opportunity of obtaining a fair return for their labour and investment, and to provide 
consumers of dairy products with a continuous and adequate sup ply of dairy products of high 
quality.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
Imports of butter are subject to control as items listed on the Import Control List under the 
authority of the Export and Import Permits Act . Global Affairs Canada (formerly the Department of 
Foreign Affairs and International Trade) is responsible for the administration of the Import Control 
List. I nformation respecting the importation of butter may be obtained at the website of Global 
Affairs Canada, http://www.international.gc.ca/controls -controles/index.aspx?view=d . 
Under the import regime in place until 1 August 1995, the CDC had exclusive or special privileges 
with respect to butter imports. Butter was on the Import Control List under the Export and Import 
Permits Act , with no existing quota provided for imports o n a regular basis. Import permits were 
issued on occasion when the CDC determined that imports were necessary to relieve a temporary 
market shortage. By historical practice, when butter imports were allowed, the C DC acted as 
importer of record.  
Since the i mplementation of the tariff rate quota (TRQ) for butter on 1 August 1995, import 
permits for the butter TRQ have been allocated to the CDC annually with the proviso that these 
imports be directed to the further processing sector.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE F UNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The CDC is a government -owned corporation which advises the Minister of Agriculture and 
Agri-Food on matters relating to dairy policy. In carrying out its mandate, the CDC chairs and 
supports the work of the Canadian Milk Supply Management Committee (CMSMC). Its work 
includes providing the technical support necessary for the operation of Canada's milk supply 
management system, adm inistering revenue pooling agreements on behalf of the industry, 
purchasing and storing dairy products for use in times of low milk production, establishing the 
target price for industrial milk, the assumed processor margin and the support prices for butte r 
and skim milk powder, as well as administering other marketing programmes.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
Since the implementation of the tariff rate quota (TRQ) for butter on 1 August 1995, import 
permits for the butter TRQ have been allocated by the Trade Controls Bureau (TCB) of Global 
Affairs Canada (formerly the Export and Import Controls Bureau) to the C DC annually with the 
proviso that these imports be directed to the further processing sector.  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
The CDC is not  the sole importer of butter. Certain niche markets with specific requirements are 
supplied through specific import permits issued by the TCB. The allocation of import permits for 
other dairy products subject to TRQs is administered by TCB under the author ity of the Export and 
Import Controls Act  (information respecting the importation of dairy products may be obtained 
from the website of Global Affairs Canada, http://www.in ternational.gc.ca/controls -
controles/index.aspx?view=d ). 
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
Pursuant to Canada's Uruguay Round market access commitments, a butter TRQ was established 
and implemented on 1 August 1995 . To date, the CDC has acted as the first receiver of these 
imports, under permits issued by the TCB.  
E. How export prices are determined  
The CDC, in any export sale, receives prices resulting from normal commercial negotiations based 
on market conditions .  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The CDC, in its sales of imported butter, generally prices this butter at prices comparable to those 
for butter in further processing uses.  
G. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the  state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
Not applicable.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
The major participants in the Canadian dairy industry are dair y producers and dairy processors. 
In 2017, dairy producers operated approximately 10,951  farms in Canada. Virtually all of these  
farms produce milk for two markets: the fluid market (table milk and cream) and the industrial 
market (manufactured dairy produ cts such as butter, cheese, yogurt and ice cream). Dairy 
processors include dairies that process raw milk for fluid consumption or industrial use, and further 
processors who use dairy ingredients and products as inputs for other finished goods.  
The market ing of fluid milk is regulated at the provincial level by producers through provincial milk 
marketing boards. Industrial milk production and management is governed by a federal/provincial 
agreement called the National Milk Marketing Plan  overseen by the CMSMC. This committee, 
chaired by the CDC, is comprised of producer and government representatives from all provinces. 
Representatives of national producer, processor, and consumer organizations participate as 
non-voting members. Each year , the CMSMC sets a national industrial milk production target 
taking into consideration: stocks of dairy products,  anticipated imports, planned exports,  and 
domestic demand for industrial milk in the coming year. This target is monitored regularly and 
adjusted monthly . Quota  is distributed among the provinces according to the terms of the National 
Milk Marketing Plan , and allocated by each province to its producers according to its own policies. 
The share of the quota  that each dairy producer receives sets the limit on the amount of milk 
production that is eligible for sale.  
Imports of dairy products are subject to control as items listed on the Import Control List  under 
the authority of the Export and Import Permits Act . In keeping with Article 4 of the WT O 
Agreement on Agriculture , Canada established market access commitments in the form of TRQs 
for fluid milk, specialty creams, condensed milk/cream, yogurt, powdered buttermilk, dry whey, 
other products of milk constituents, butter, cheese, other dairy pre parations and ice cream. Global 
Affairs Canada is responsible for administering these TRQs.  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  IV. STATISTICAL INFORMAT ION 
See attached Tables  I - III. 
V.  REASON WHY NO FOREIG N TRADE HAS TAKEN PL ACE (AS APPROPRIATE)  
Not applicable.  
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION  (AS APPROPRIATE)  
Not applicable.   
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 5 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: CANAD IAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of 
product  Year Total  quantity  
imported1 Quantity 
imported by 
state trading 
enterprise  Average 
import price  Average representative 
domestic sales price2 Mark -up National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Butter and Other Fats 
and Oils Derived from 
Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  CAD/kg  CAD/kg  … >000 kg  
2015-2016 23,487  11,642  4.98 6.66 … 90,406  
2016-2017 27,250  17,494  6.94 6.50 … 102,057  
Notes:   "…"  indicates not applicable.  
1. Total quantity imported includes supplementary imports, including products imported for further processing and re -export under the Import for Re -
Export Program.  
2. Comprises the average representative domestic sales price for imported butter.  
Sources:  Column 2: Statistics Canada.  
Columns 3, 4, 5: Canadian Dairy  Commission.  
Column 7: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is 
included).  
   
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 6 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: CANAD IAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of product  Year Total quantity 
exported  Quantity 
exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price1 Average 
export price  National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Butter and Other Fats and Oils 
Derived from Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  CAD/kg  CAD/kg CAD/kg  >000 kg  
2015-2016 836 0 … 10.57  … 90,406  
2016-2017 1094 0 … 10.62 … 102,057  
Notes:   "…" indicates not applicable.  
  1.  Comprises the average representative domestic retail sales  price.  
Sources:  Column 2: Statistics Canada.  
Columns 3, 4, 6: Canadian Dairy Commission.  
Column 5: Statistics Canada, Table 326 -0012 - Average retail prices for food  and other selected items, monthly (Canadian dollars).  
Column 7: Statistics Canada, Table 003-0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is 
included).  
   
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 7 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: CANAD IAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of product  Year Domestic p urchases  
by state trading 
enterprise1 National production  Domestic sales by  
state trading  
enterprise  National  Consumption2 
1  2 3 4 5 
Butter and Other Fats and 
Oils Derived from Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  >000 kg  >000 kg  
2015-2016 14,341  90,406  11,872  107,358  
2016-2017 26,684  102,057  19,037  118,507  
Notes:  1. Domestic purchases by state trading enterprise are comprised of CDC Plan A and Plan B purchases.  
2. National consumption is represented by domestic disappearance calculated as the sum of net stocks, production and imports, le ss exports. 
Domestic disappearance represents the amount of a commodity that is available for all uses in Canada. It does not repre sent total supplies of a 
commodity actually consumed by individuals.  
Sources:  Columns 2, 4: Canadian Dairy Commission.  
Column 3: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is 
included).  
Column 5: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0007 - Supply and disposition of milk products in Canada, monthly (whey butter net stocks and production are not 
included), imports and exports data source is Statistics Canada.  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation.  
 
II. REASONS AND PURPOSE FOR INTRODUCING AND MAINTAINING THE ENTERPRISE  
The Canadian Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation (FFMC) was established in 1969 for the 
purpose of trading in and marketing freshwater fish and fish products and by -products. 
As provided under the Freshwater Fish Marketing Act , and pursuant to bilateral agreements 
between the Govern ment of Canada and the governments of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, 
Ontario, and the Northwest Territories, the FFMC has the exclusive right in the inter -
provincial /territorial  and export trade to market and trade in fish and fish products from the 
freshwater commercial fisheries of those provinces and territori es. Ontario (effective 
30 March  2010) , Saskatchewan (effective 1  April 2012) and Manitoba (effective 1 December 2017) 
have left the FFMC arrangement and deregulated their commercial freshwater fis h markets. This 
notification will use the term "agreement areas" to denote areas within Canada covered by these 
agreements.  
 
On 14  June 1995, the government announced the introduction of measures allowing fisher s in the 
agreement areas to sell their catch  of certain under -utilized species through alternative channels if 
they so desire. The FFMC remains responsible for the inter -provincial /territorial  and export 
marketing of the main commercial species from the agreement areas.  
 
The objectives of the FFMC are: to market freshwater fish and fish products sourced in agreement 
areas in an orderly manner; to increase returns to fisher s; and to promote international markets 
for, and increase inter -provincial /territorial  and export trade in, freshwater fish and f ish products. 
The FFMC is required by statute to operate on a self -sustaining basis. It has been profitable 
since 1973 (with the exception of 2004 and 2009) with annual revenue which has ranged between 
Can$40  million and Can$ 75 million since 1990.  
 
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ENTERPRISE  
Whether the enterprise deals with exports or with impo rts or both.  
 
The FFMC is concerned with the orderly marketing of freshwater fish sourced in the agreement 
areas in the inter -provincial /territorial  trade and in export markets. The FFMC does not deal with, 
govern or handle imports.  
 
Whether private traders are allowed to import or export and, if so, on what conditions. Whether 
there is free competition between private traders and the enterprise.  
 
The FFMC has the exclusive right to market fish from the agreement areas in inter -provincial and 
export trade. The Corporation competes with the private trade in marketing such fish in domestic 
and export markets. With respect to fish sourced from areas of C anada outside the agreement 
areas, the FFMC does not control or govern private traders' activities – including their exports and 
domestic sales. In all parts of the domestic market, private traders are free to market freshwater 
fish sourced from Canadian " non-agreement areas" or from imports.  
 
The criteria used for determining the quantities to be exported and imported.  
 
The FFMC sells fish for export as determined by commercial considerations such as price, quality, 
availability, marketability and transpo rtation.  
 
How export prices are determined. How the markup on imported products is determined. 
How export prices and resale prices of imports compare with domestic prices.  
 
The FFMC determines exports prices in line with prevailing market circumstances in light of its 
legislated requirements to maximize returns to fishermen and operate on a self -sustaining basis.  
 
Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the enterprise. Whether the enterprise is used to 
fulfil contractual obligations entered into by th e Government.  
 G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  Not applicable.  
 
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
See attached Tables  I – III.  
 
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE (IF THIS IS THE CASE) IN 
PRODUCTS AFFECTED  
The Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation is not involved in the importati on of freshwater fish.   
 
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION   
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 10 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: FRESH WATER FISH MARKETING  CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of product  Year Total  quantity  
imported  Quantity imported  
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
import price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  Mark -up National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 
0303, 0304 and 0305   FFMC is not involved in imports  
 
   
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 11 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: FRESH WATER FISH MARKETING  CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of product  Year Total quantity 
exported1 Quantity exported 
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price2 Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  Average export 
price  National 
production3 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 
0303, 0304 and 0305  May-April (000's lbs)  (000's lbs)  C$ per pound  C$ per pound  C$ per pound  - 
2015-2016 36,164  15,052 1.04 3.15 4.10 - 
2016-2017 43,926  15,558  1.13 2.41 3.96 - 
Notes:  1. Total Quantity Exported is the total exports of freshwater fish products for the HS codes that include the products marketed by the FFMC. Other 
saltwater fish and other freshwater items from Chapter 03 not marketed by the FFMC are captured in the quantity.  
2. Average Procurement Price does not include final payment (net income eac h year) distributed to fishers.  
3. Statistics on national production  of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
Sources:  Column 2: Department of Fisheries and Oceans (2018), EXIM [Database], Ottawa (accessed June 25, 2018)  
Columns 3, 5, 6: FFMC Sales Report.  
Column 4: FFMC Fish Purchase Analysis.  
   
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 12 - TABLE III  
STATE TRAD ING: FRESHWATER FISH  MARKETING CORPORATIO N 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of  product  Year Domestic purchases  by 
state trading enterprise  National  Production1 Domestic sales by  state 
trading  enterprise  National Consumption2 
1  2 3 4 5 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 0303, 
0304 and 0305  May-April (000's lbs)   (000's lbs)   
2015-2016 28,272  - 3,090 - 
2016-2017 25,479  - 4,844  - 
Notes:   1. Statistics on national production of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
2. Statistics on national consumption of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
Sources:  Column 2: Deliveries report to Transcona processing plant.  
Column 4: FFMC Sales Analysis Report.  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
Provincial and Territorial Liquor Control Authorities.  
 
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description)  
2203.00  Beer from malt.  
2204.00  Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than that of 
heading  20.09.  
2205.00  Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes flavoured with plants or aromatic 
substances.  
2206.00  Other fermented beverages (for example, cider, perry, mead); mixtures of fermented 
beverages and mixtures of fermented beverages and non -alcoholic beverages, not 
elsewhere specified or included.  
2208.00  Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength b y volume of less than 80% vol; 
spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.  
II. REASONS AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
In Canada, the importation of and inter -provincial/territorial trade  in alcoholic beverages is 
governed by the federal Importation of Intoxicating Liquors Act  (IILA). The objective of the IILA 
relates to the control of the consumption of alcoholic beverages in Canada for the purpose of 
protecting public health and morals.  
 
B. Summary of legal basis for gaining the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The IILA provides the provinces and territories, within their respective jurisdicti on, with control 
over the sale of intoxicating liquor, and over the importation, sending, taking or transportation of 
such liquor into the provinces and territories. The provinces and territories have delegated this 
activity to the provincial/territorial l iquor control authorities. The statute expressly provides that 
nothing in the IILA forbids the importation, sending, taking or transportation of intoxicating liquor 
for sacramental or medicinal purposes, or for manufacturing or commercial purposes not rela ted to 
the use of liquor as a beverage.  
 
As well, under the IILA, an exception exists for persons licensed by the Government of Canada 
under the Excise Act  to carry on the business or trade of a distiller or brewer where the 
intoxicating liquor is importe d solely for the purpose of being used for blending with or flavouring 
the products of the business or trade of that person.  
 
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the  state trading enterprise  
The provincial and territorial liquor control authorities deal with the importation and sale of 
alcoholic beverages within their respective jurisdictions. Exportation of alcoholic beverages is a 
private matter of beverage manufact urers.  
 G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
The IILA provides the provincial/territorial liquor control authorities with the delegated authority to 
import alcoholic beverages in Canada.  
 
C. Types of entities other than state trading enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private traders are allowed to import if they are licensed by the Government of Canada under the 
Excise Act  to carry on the business or trade of a distiller or brewer where  the intoxicating liquor is 
imported for the purpose of being used for blending with or flavouring the products of the business 
or trade of that person. Alcoholic beverages may be sold through sto res operated by the 
provincial/territorial liquor control authority or through authorized private retailers or a 
combination of both.  
 
The private trade determines its own criteria pertaining to exports.  
 
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
Provincial and territorial liquor control authorities purchase or permit the purchase of alcoholic 
beverages in line with market needs as related to such commercial considerations as price, quality, 
availability, marketability,  transportation and other conditions of purchase or sale.  
 
E. How export prices are determined  
Export prices are determined by the private trader.  
 
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The retail sales price of the imported product  is a function of its landed cost (invoice price, federal 
customs and excise duties and taxes, and freight), to which are added the applicable provincial 
mark-up and federal and provincial sales taxes. The mark -up varies by product type and by 
jurisdiction . As a result of two GATT  Panels1, liquor control authorities have modified mark -up 
practices on alcoholic beverages to bring them into conformity with the GATT.2 
 
G. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations  entered into by the 
Government  
Not applicable.  
 
H. Brief description of market structure  
The alcoholic beverages sub -sector is made up of the brewery, wine and distilling industries. There 
are also a number of small firms producing cider and fruit wines across the country but this 
production is comparatively minor. Fruit wines are products produced from fruits other than 
grapes. In 2015, the value of all alcoholic beverages produced in Canada  stood at $7.5 billion 
                                                
1 Canada - Import, Distribution and Sale of Alcoholic Drinks by Provincial Marketing Authorities  (1988). 
This panel resulted in the 1989 "Agreement between the European Economic Community and Canada 
concerning trade and com merce in alcoholic beverages" which requires the complete phase out of mark -up 
differentials between wine of the Community and Canadian wine by 1  January 1998. Mark -up differentials on 
distilled spirits were to be eliminated as of  1 January  1993.  
Canada - Import, Distribution and Sale of Certain Alcoholic Drinks by Provincial Marketing 
Agencies  (1992). The US -Canada Memorandum of Understanding on Provincial Beer Marketing Practices 
(August 1993) resulted in the elimination of discriminatory differential ma rk-ups on beer.  
2 The Canada -US Free Trade Agreement immediately eliminated discriminatory markups on distilled 
spirits and required a complete phase out of differential markups on wine by 1  January 1995.  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  compared to $6.9 billion in 2013.3 Alcoholic beverage imports of all kinds amounted to $4.9 billion 
in 2015 while total exports stood at $934.1 million the same year.4  
 
The brewing industry5 comprises those establishments primarily engaged in the steeping, boiling 
and fermenting of malt and hops to manufacture malt beverages. The industry produces a variety 
of beer, lager, ale, porter and stout, in bottles, cans and draught for the consumer market and for 
the food service industry. T he Canadian beer industry has been subject to increased consolidation 
as the two major national brewers are now subsidiaries of foreign brewers. Production has 
remained within Canada with approximately 350 brewing and microbrewing establishments across 
the country.6 The microbrewery industry has steadily grown in Canada, catering to niche tastes 
and regional markets. Canada's geography and the fact that alcohol sales and production are 
controlled at the provincial level mean that the products of microbrewer ies are usually available 
only in the regions where they are produced. Canadians drink more beer than any other alcoholic 
beverage, however domestic per capita consumption of beer has declined steadily since the 1970s 
and reached a low of 69.1 litres in 20 15.7  
 
The Canadian wine industry8 continues to grow, evolving in response to rapid changes stemming 
from adjustments to trade liberalization under the Canada -United States FTA and GATT  1947. 
Domestic vintners now grow quality Vitis Vinifera and hybrid gra pes which have resulted in a 
dramatic improvement in the quality of Canadian wine. Canadian Icewine, a sweet dessert wine, 
has won several prestigious awards at international competitions and has gained considerable 
international recognition. Among the lar ger firms there is a significant amount of production which 
involves bottling and blending of domestic and imported wines. However, most of these larger 
corporations have also acquired smaller estate wineries which have retained their own identity and 
which help them to define their "signature" premium products. In addition, there are many small 
family -oriented businesses which concentrate on the production of wine from Canadian grown 
grapes. Domestic per capita consumption of wine in Canada has increased s teadily since the early 
1990s and was 14.7 litres 2015.9  
 
The distillery industry10 produces a variety of spirits (e.g. whisky, rum, vodka, gin, liqueurs, 
brandy, spirit coolers and basic ethyl alcohol) but its primary reputation, domestically and 
internat ionally, remains the production of distinctive high -quality Canadian whisky. The product is 
distilled from cereal grains (rye and corn primarily), aged in oak barrels for a minimum of three 
years, then bottled or sold in bulk. The industry is highly concen trated. Most companies are 
subsidiaries of multinational corporations with production facilities maintained in Canada in order 
to produce Canadian whisky, which has a registered geographical indication in Canada. Domestic 
consumption for spirits fluctuates  from year to year, but does not display a clear long term trend. 
In 2015, Canadians consumed 4.9 litres of spirits per capita.11  
 
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
The relevant statistical information is attached. See Tables  I – III. 
 
                                                
3 Statistics Canada. Monthly Survey of Manufacturing by North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS). CANSIM Table 304 -0014.  
4 Statistics Canada, CATSNet.  
5 Canada's brewing industry is defined by the NAICS (31212).  
6 Statistics Canada. Canadian business patterns, location counts, employment size and NAICS, national 
industries, by Canada and provinces, December 2013. CANSIM, Table 551 -0006.  
7 Statistics Canada. Food available in Canada, annual. CANSIM, Table 002 -0011. Per capita consumption 
is measured as: available litres ale, beer , stout and porter, adjusted for losses, per person 15 years old and 
over. 
8 Canada's wine industry is defined by the NAICS (31213).  
9 Statistics Canada. Food available in Canada, annual, CANSIM Table 002 -0011. Per capita consumption 
is measured as: avail able litres of wine, adjusted for losses, per person 15  years old and over.  
10 Canada's distillery industry is defined by the NAICS (31214).  
11 Statistics Canada. Food available in Canada, annual, CANSIM Table 002 -0011. Per capita consumption 
is measured as : available litres of distilled spirits, adjusted for losses, per person 15 years old and over.  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
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  V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE (IF THIS IS THE CASE) IN 
THE PRODUCTS AFFECTED  
Import data are given in Table I. Exporting is not within the mandate of provinc ial liquor control 
authorities.  
 
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION  
ALBERTA  
The liquor authority in Alberta, namely  the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission, does not make 
commercial decisions on the product selections for alcoholic beverages which are imported, nor on 
the quantities of those imports. However, it is including an explanatory text on the Alberta market 
environment for alcoholic beverages in the interest of full transparency.  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- Gaming and Liquor Act (c. G -1, RSA 2000).  
- Gaming and Liquor Regulation (Alta. Reg. 143/1996).  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
All retail sales of al coholic beverages in Alberta are privatized. Under the Alberta system, imported 
and domestic products are given the same treatment.   
 
The Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission (AGLC) regulates liquor and gaming activities in the 
Province. The AGLC administe rs and enforces the Gaming and Liquor Act  and the Gaming and 
Liquor Regulation  as well as related policies, and collects the government's flat mark -up on 
beverage alcohol.  
 
In Alberta, private -sector liquor agencies determine what products will be brought  into the 
province. Alcohol manufacturers and suppliers have the option of acting as their own liquor agent 
or employing the services of another liquor agent to expedite the process. Suppliers and agents 
are responsible for all aspects of ordering, consoli dation, shipping, and marketing.  
 
The AGLC is the Importer and Wholesaler of Record. All new orders are placed on consignment 
with the agent/supplier named as consignee.  
 
Provincial mark -up rates under a wholesale pricing structure are a flat rate per li tre. Retailers set 
retail prices according to market forces.  
 
The warehousing and distribution of beverage alcohol products is managed by a private company, 
operating out of a warehouse and distribution facility in St. Albert, Alberta. Charges reflect the  cost 
of receiving, storing and shipping products by the pallet or by the case. Beer suppliers may apply 
to establish their own warehousing arrangements. Final approval for such arrangements is 
required from the AGLC.  
 
BRITISH COLUMBIA  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- Liquor Distribution Act , R.S.B.C. 1996, c.238 as amended and the regulations thereto . 
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
The Liquor Distribution Branch (LDB) is the importer of record for all alcoholic beverages imported 
into British Co lumbia. Section 2(2) of the Liquor Distribution Act  states that the LDB "has the sole 
right to purchase, both in and out of British Columbia, liquor for resale and reuse in British 
Columbia in accordance with the provisions of the Importation of Intoxicati ng Liquors Act 
(Canada)".  
 G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 17 - 
 
  As of 1 May 201 8 the LDB operated 198 government liquor stores. As of 1 May 201 8 there was 
also a large private retail system consisting of 671 private liquor stores, 219 rural agency stores, 
59 wine stores, and 445 manufacturer stores at wineries and breweries.  
 
Most retail outlets, including all government liquor stores, private li quor stores and rural agency 
stores may sell any liquor product, regardless of category or origin. Manufacturer stores are 
permitted to sell products made by that manufacturer, and if they have a lounge or special event 
area, they are also permitted to sel l a limited amount of liquor produced by other manufacturers 
(whether import or domestic). Holders of a limited number of wine store licences are restricted to 
selling British Columbia wines.  
 
All liquor products sold in British Columbia must be registere d with the LDB. The LDB 's retail line of 
business determines which products are sold in government stores based on customer demand 
and operators of private outlets determine which products they wish to sell in their stores.  
 
Suppliers or their agents dete rmine the prices at which products are sold to the LDB. The LDB 
applies standard pricing formulas to the supplier price to determine the wholesale price that is paid 
by wholesale customers (including government liquor stores, private liquor stores and rura l agency 
stores). Wholesale customers can then set their own retail prices, subject to the minimum retail 
price policy established by British Columbia 's Liquor Control and Licensing Branch.  
 
MANITOBA  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- Manitoba Liq uor and Lotteries Corporate Act.  
 
- The Liquor and Gaming Control Act Regulation 82/2014 Registered 14  March 20 14 and the 
regulations thereto.  
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
Manitoba Liquor and Lotteries (MBLL) is the importer of record for all liquor imported into 
Manitoba. All liquor sold in the Province must meet the MBLL's listing criteria which is applied in a 
uniform and non -discriminatory manner, irrespective of country  of origin.  
 
Spirits, wine, coolers and beer are warehoused by the MBLL and distributed to 63 government -
owned stores, 172 privately -owned agency stores, 8 specialty wine stores, 4 duty -free stores, and 
1,700 licensed premises. In addition, 5 privately -owned beer distributors warehouse and service 
the 63 government -owned stores, 2 53 privately -owned beer vendors, and 1,700 licensed 
premises. Privately distributed beer, which may be either import or domestic, do not have any 
sales quotas applied, as the inve ntories are privately held and are the responsibility of the 
suppliers.  
 
Beverage alcohol's retail price is determined by applying combination of a category ad valorem 
mark-up and a flat rate per litre to the landed cost. Mark -ups are applied universally to all 
products r egardless of country of origin.  
Audited cost of service differentials (commercial consideration) are also applied in accordance with 
the GATT agreement as a flat per litre charge per category.  
 
NEW BRUNSWICK  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- New B runswick Liquor Corporation Act , R.S.N.B. 1973, c.N -6 and the regulations thereto, 
and their amendments.  
 
- Liquor Control Act , R.S.N.B. 1973, c.L -10, and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
 G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 18 - 
 
  SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
Importation o f alcoholic beverages into New Brunswick is done through the New Brunswick Liquor 
Corporation (ANBL). All suppliers have full and equal access to the ANBL's listing process. Listed 
products receive distribution to the entire retail system, including agents  and licensed 
establishments. Marketing programs are available to all suppliers on an equal access basis.  
 
The ANBL maintains a retail system of 44 stores and 84 agency outlets. This system is the 
exclusive retailer of all alcoholic beverages in the provi nce. In addition, approximately 
1,531  establishments are licensed for on -premise consumption. These licensees buy exclusively 
through the ANBL retail system described above.  
 
Suppliers of beer products have the option of establishing their own in -province warehouse and 
distribution or going through ANBL's central warehouse and distribution system. A service charge 
is applied to all beer products going through the ANBL warehouse  and distribution system.  
 
Retail price is determined by applying an ad valorem  mark-up to the product's landed cost 
(at point of sale). Rates are listed in the Mark -up Structure document and are applied uniformly to 
all products regardless of origin. Min imum and maximum mark -ups, floor retail prices and 
minimum social reference retail prices, where applicable, are listed in the Mark -up Structure and 
Beer Listing Policy documents.  
 
NEWFOUNDLAND and LABRADOR  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- The Liquor Corporation Act, R.S.N. L 1990, c.L -19, and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
- The Liquor Control Act , R.S.N. L. 1990, c.L -18, and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
Please note that there have been no major amendments to the above legislatio n over the 
2015-2016 and 201 6-2017 time period.  
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
Importation of alcoholic beverages to the province of Newfoundland and Labrador can only be 
done through the Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation (NLC). In ord er for the NLC to 
import alcoholic beverages for sale in the province, the producer must complete a listing 
application and the NLC must approve the application. Suppliers of spirits and wines are required 
to operate through the NLC warehouse and related d istribution systems. The mark -up structure 
applied is the same regardless of product origin.  The mark -up structure for spirits, wines and beer 
is applied to landed cost and consists of a combination of a fixed mark -up and a n ad-valorem 
mark-up based on a percentage of landed cost. Provincial and federal taxes including the 
Harmonized Sales Tax and a recycling container deposit are also added to determine final retail 
price.  
 
The following details the number of Agency Stores and Corporate Stores from Fiscal  2015-16 to 
2016-17:  
 
Year Corporate  Agency  
2015-16 28 140 
2016-17 28 144 
 
Note:  Corporate and Agency stores both service the general public as well as licensee trade.  
 G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 19 - 
 
  NOVA SCOTIA  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- The Liquor Control Act,  R.S.N.S 1989, c.260 and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
Importation of liquor is done through the Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation (NSLC). In 2001, the 
NSLC was transformed from a Commission into a prov incial Crown Corporation and renamed the 
Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation. The NSLC's listing policies provide equal access to all products 
regardless of origin based on category management principles. Suppliers, of both domestic and 
imported products, are r equired to operate through the NSLC central warehouse and related 
distribution system. Under certain terms and conditions, beer suppliers not brewing in the Province 
with sales (within Nova Scotia) of one million equivalent dozen may be granted the right t o 
operate a separate warehouse facility. All products, regardless of origin, may be sold in the 
103 liquor stores operated by the NSLC. There are also 60 small businesses serving as NSLC 
agency stores, 5 private wine and specialty stores, and 107 manufactu rer's on -site outlets 
permitted to sell their products directly to consumers, licensed establishments and the 5 private 
wine and speciality stores, as well as at Farmers ' Markets that generally operate one day of the 
weekend.  
 
Mark-ups are established by p ackage size within product categories and are the same regardless 
of product origin within a given category. All products which go through the warehouse are 
charged the same cost -of-service within a given category.  
 
ONTARIO  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- Liquor  Control Act , R.S.O. 1990, c. L.18;  
- Alcohol and Gaming Regulation and Public Protection Act, R.S.O. 1996, c. 26;  
- Liquor Licence Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. L.19;  
- and the regulations thereto, and their amendments.  
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
Ontario's beverage alcohol distribution and retail system is characterized by a mix of private and 
public operations. The Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) and the Alcohol and Gaming 
Commission of Ontario (AGCO), both government agencies, are the prim ary bodies responsible for 
controlling the manufacture, movement and sale of beverage alcohol within the province, 
respectively through the Liquor Control Act  (LCA) , and the Alcohol and Gaming Regulation and 
Public Protection Act (AGRPPA). The Liquor Licence Act sets the conditions under which a person 
may keep for sale, offer for sale, or sell liquor under a licence or permit issued under the act . 
This includes, for example, manufacturers, manufacturers' representatives, bars, restaurants, 
hotels and persons selling or servi ng liquor on special occasions.  
 
The LCBO is responsible for importing liquor into Ontario, transporting and selling domestic and 
imported spirits, wine and beer. The agency also tests products for quality control and safety,  fixes 
liquor prices, and controls the w arehousing of beverage alcohol.  
The LCBO establishes and operates retail liquor stores across Ontario, including its agency stores 
in smaller communities. All suppliers, domestic and foreign, have equal access to LCB O's 
purchasing system. All liquor sold by the LCBO must meet its listing criteria and sales targets.  The 
LCBO shares marketing costs with suppliers. Suppliers or their agents determine the prices at 
which products are sold to the LCBO. The LCBO applies fixed pricing formulas to the supplier price 
to determine the retail price.  
 
Other authorized retailers include private beer stores, grocery stores, and private duty -free stores 
that sell domestic and imported products. M anufacturers' retail stores (on -site and off -site winery 
retail stores , on-site beer and on-site distillery  stores) are authorized under the LCA  to sell their G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 20 - 
 
  products. Products not listed  in retail stores can be ordered through LCBO's Specialty Services  
program s (including private ordering a nd consignment), its e -commerce platform and by 
LCBO -appointed sacramental wine vendors for sacramental purposes.  
 
The number of private off -site winery retail stores is limited by the Canada -United States FTA and 
the NAFTA. Certain restrictions on the op eration of off -site stores are also contained in the 
Canada -EC Agreement concerning Trade and Commerce in Alcoholic Beverages (as modified by the 
Canada -EC Agreement on Trade in Wines and Spirit Drinks  and the Canada -European Union 
Comprehensive Economic a nd Trade Agreement ).  
 
Brewers Retail Inc. (BRI) is a privately owned company operating beer stores under the authority 
of the LCA . It sells domestic and imported beer to the public and is the primary distribution 
channel for beer in the province. BRI purc hases its imported brands from the LCBO.  
 
The LCBO applies charges to domestic and imported beer based on the worldwide production 
volume of the supplier. Domestic beer sold in the Beer Store, an on -site manufacturer's store or in 
a licensed establishment is subject to beer taxes under AGRPPA. These volume -based  taxes are 
equivalent to the volume -based  charges applied by the LCBO.  
 
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- Liquor Control Act and Regulations, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c.L -14 and the regulations t hereto, and 
their amendments.  
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
Importation of alcoholic beverages into Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) is done through the P.E.I. 
Liquor Control Commission  (P.E.I.L.C.C.) . All suppliers have full and equal access to th e 
P.E.I.L.C.C. listing process. Listed products receive distribution to the entire retail system. 
Marketing programmes are available to all suppliers on an equal access basis.  
 
The P.E.I.L.C.C. maintains a retail system of 18 stores and 8 agency stores. T his system is the 
exclusive retailer of all alcoholic beverages in the Province, with the exception of 13 manufacturers 
on-site outlets (breweries, distilleries or wineries), and 2 farm -gate stores permitted to sell their 
own product directly to consumers.  In addition, approximately 465 establishments are licensed for 
on premise consumption. These licensees purchase exclusively through the P.E.I.L.C.C. retail 
system. The Province also licences 7 ferment -on-premises locations that provide facilities to the 
general public to brew their own beer or wine from kits.  
 
The following mark -up structure is used to calculate the retail price of imported and domestic 
products: manufacturers' price, customs/excise, freight, an applicable mark -up applied to landed 
costs (differs per category), Provincial Health Tax (25%), Harmo nized Sales Tax (14%) and bottle 
deposit.  
 
QUEBEC  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
-  Act respecting the Société des alcools du Québec  (RSQ, c. S -13, s. 16)  
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
The Société des alcools du Québec  (SAQ) is an independent, publicly owned commercial 
corporation administered by a board of directors. It has sole authority over the importation, 
delivery, taking or transportation of any intoxicating liquor in Quebec, whether produced in Canada 
or abroad.   
 
The SAQ distributes alcoholic beverages to its own network of 406 government stores and 
438 agencies, and acts as a distributer for  grocery and corner stores that account for over 7,500 G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 21 - 
 
  points of sale . Products for distribution are warehoused in two dis tribution centres with a combined 
storage capacity of 4,600,000 cases.  
The selection, purchase and merchandising of products are determined by principles defined in the 
SAQ's Purchasing and Merchandising Policy.  
 
Wines without appellation of origin design ation that are bottled in Quebec may be sold in grocery 
stores, except for 8 format marking provided for in the regulations, along with beers and ciders. 
Wines with a n appellation of origin designation and spirits may only be sold in SAQ outlets.  
 
Supplie rs are responsible for promoting their products. The services of a marketing agent are also 
used. Market forces determine quantities to be imported. A uniform mark -up, by category of 
product, is applied to the cost price of the products, whether imported o r domestic. Revenues are 
paid in the form of dividends to the sole shareholder, Quebec's Minister of Finance.  
 
SASKATCHEWAN  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- The Alcohol and Gaming Regulation Act, 1997 being Chapter A -18.011 of the Statutes of 
Saskatchewan, 1997 (1  February 2003) as amended by the Statutes of Saskatchewan, 
1998, c.16; 2000, c.36; 2002, c.27 and 42; 2003, c.15; 2004, c.67; 2005, c.3 and 21; 
2007, c.10; 2008, c.8' and  2010, c.25; 2013, c.P -38.01, c.2 and c.29; 2014, c.7 and c.11;  
2015, c.1 ; and 2016 c .4. 
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
The Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority (SLGA) has authority over the manufacture, 
possession, sale and delivery of beverage alcohol in Saskatchewan, and is the importer of record 
for all wine, spirits and b eer imported into Saskatchewan. The SLGA maintains a broad listing 
policy that applies equally to both imported and domestic products , details of which are contained  
in the SLGA Beverage Alcohol Listing Policy.  
 
Listing application forms, and product and supplier profiles must be submitt ed or approved by the 
supplier or their representative or authorized agent.  The rules governing access to points of sale 
apply equally to domestic (including in -province) and foreign suppliers. Audited cost -of-service 
charg es are applied to all imported products distr ibuted through the SLGA system.  
 
Approximately 700 retail store permittees sell beverage alcohol throughout Saskatchewan, 
including 36 operated directly by SLGA.  All retail store permittees operate on the same t erms and 
conditions with access to the same wholesale price through SLGA 's distribution centre.  
 
 
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- Liquor Act , .S.N.W.T. 2007, c.15 as amended by the Statues of the Northwest Territories 
2010, c.16, c.21; 2011, c.8; 2012, c.18; 2013, c.22; 2014, c.10; 2015,c.13.  
 
 
- Liquor Regulations , R-069-2008 as amended by R-076-2008, R -007-2009, R -126-2009, R -
154-2009, R -048-2010, R -087-2010, R -030-2011, R -004-2012, R -087-2012, R -140-2014, 
R-053-2015, R-071-2016, R -082-2017. 
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
The Northwest Territories Liquor Commission (NTLC) was continued  under Part 2 of the Liquor Act. 
It is responsible for purchase , sale, classification  and distribution of liquor in the Northw est 
Territories through the Liquor Revolving Fund.  
 G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 22 - 
 
  The NTLC uses a flat rate per litre mark up to generate a specific level of revenue from the sale of 
liquor. Product cost, freight, container deposit, recycling fee, general sales tax, retail, warehousing 
and administrative costs are also included with fla t rate mark -up when establishing a final price.  
 
A person who is eligible to purchase and consume liquor in the Northwest Territories may 
personally import 1.5 litres of wine, 1.14 litres of spirits, or 8.52 litres of beer. An import permit is 
required to  import quantities greater than the allowable amounts.  
 
Retail and warehousing operations are carried out by 7 private sector contractors and 1 private 
warehousing outlet operators who are under license from the NTLC.  
 
NUNAVUT  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- Liquor Regulations , R.R.N.W.T. 1990, c.L -34, as duplicated for Nunavut by section 29 of the 
Nunavut Act . 
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
The Nunavut Liquor Commission is responsible for the purchasing, warehousing and distribution of 
all alcoholic bev erages as well as permitting and enforcement in Nunavut.  
 
Alcohol is allowed to be purchased in 5 Nunavut communities. Those living in the 14  "restricted 
communities" are able to order alcohol products from warehouse distribution centres but require 
appro val from an alcohol education committee. There are 6 "dry communities" where alcohol is 
completely banned. Product price, freight and a refundable container deposit are included in the 
final price of any alcohol beverages.  
 
Among the many characteristics that set Nunavut 's liquor distribution system apart from other 
jurisdictions in Canada, is its central processing structure. The Commission does not operate any 
liquor stores and all liquor orders are processed through the Commission 's headquarters in Rank in 
Inlet and distributed via air cargo from either of the Commission 's warehouses.  Licensed outlets 
and holders of special occasion permits are the exception, as the high volume of their purchases 
dictates that they be picked up at the closest Commission w arehouse.  
 
The Nunavut Liquor Licensing Board is responsible for the issuance, renewal, transfer, cancellation 
or suspension of any liquor licenses, as well as, the enforcement of all liquor related regulations 
and restrictions.  
 
YUKON  
 
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
 
- Liquor Act,  R.S.Y. 2002, c.140.  
- Liquor Regulations Respecting the Sale and Consumption of Liquor , C.O 1977/037   
- Liquor Tax Act, Chapter 141, R.S.Y 2002  
 
 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
 
The Yukon Liquor Corporation (YLC) is mandated with the purchase, distribution, and sale of liquor 
products in the Yukon. The YLC  operates a central  warehouse and distribution centre in 
Whitehorse, and  six Yukon Liquor Stores. Five of these liquor stores are in rural locations and also  
provide  specific Territorial Agent services on behalf of  other government departments.  
The Corporation transfers all its net income to the  Government of Yukon. It is responsible for the  
Liquor Act and Liquor Regulations . In addition, the  Corporation collects and remits a 12% tax on 
the retail value of all liquor products sold in the Yukon, as  required by the Liquor Tax Act .  
 
Domestic products are purchased from various locations across Canada. All imported products are 
purchased through the British Columbia Liquo r Distribution Branch, from vendors through third 
party warehouses, Liquor Connect in Alberta, and direct vendors within Canada. There are no G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 23 - 
 
  restrictions on imported liquor products considered for purchase by the YLC in relation to category 
or origin.  
 
To determine retail prices, the YLC applies standard pricing formulas that include the producer 's 
price, federal duty and excise tax, freight, YLC mark -up, refundable container deposit, and a 
non-refundable recycling surcharge, in addition to the federal Go ods & Services Tax and the 
12% Yukon liquor tax.  
 
YLC's shelf prices include the landed cost for the product, refundable deposits, recycling fees and a 
liquor tax. Most shelf prices across the country show product prices without taxes and deposits, 
which are applied at the point of purchase.   
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 24 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: PROVI NCIAL AND TERRITORIA L LIQUOR CONTROL AUT HORITIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of 
the product  Year1 Total quantity 
imported2 Quantity imported  
by STEs  Per-unit import 
price3 Average representative 
domestic sales price4 Mark -up National 
production5 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
  '000 Litres  Litres  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre   CAD'000 
Beer 
22.03  2016 381,217  … 1.98 3.94 … 5,446,014  
2017 377,439  … 1.97 3.99 … 5,706,725  
Wine6 
22.04  
22.05  
22.06  2016 442,773  … 5.60 10.64  … 1,194,797  
2017 446,754  … 5.77 10.96  … 1,240,295  
Spirits 
22.08  2016 42,664  … 21.59  28.14  … 1,062,252  
2017 33,723  … 28.59  28.18  … 1,108,963  
Notes:    "…" Indicates not applicable  
1. Data in columns 5 are for fiscal years ending on 31  March  (2015-16 and 201 6-17). All other data is for calendar years. Figures in column 5 include coolers 
separated by type (i.e. beer coolers, wine coolers, spirit  coolers).  
2. Not all products referred to as beer, wine or spirits are measured in the same unit of measure. For beer, data includes all i mports measured in litres. For wine, 
data includes all imports measured in litres and in litres of pure alcohol (LPA) , and kilograms (KG). For spirits, data includes all imports measured in LPA. 
Imports may include supplementary imports, including products imported for further processing and re -exported under the import for re -export program.  
3. Average import prices ar e calculated as the value of imports by STEs (the price in the country of origin) divided by the quantity of imports by STEs.   
4. Average representative domestic sales price is calculated as the value of domestic sales of imported products divided by the volume of import sales .  
5. Production figures are represented by the value of shipments, and are calculated using the North American Industrial Classifi cation System (NAICS) rather 
than HS  codes. Quantity data is not available. Data for wine is a Statistics Canada estimate.  
6. Wine includes vermouth, coole rs and ciders (except Column 5, which excludes vermouth).  
 
Sources:  Column 2, 4:  Statistics Canada.  
Column 5:  Statistics Canada, "Sales of Alcoholic Beverages of Liquor Authorities, Wineries and Breweries". CANSIM, Table 183 -0024.  
Column 7:  Statistics Canada, Manufacturers' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratios, by NAICS, Canada. CANSIM, Table 3 04-0014.  
  
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 25 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: PROVI NCIAL AND TERRITORIA L LIQUOR CONTROL AUT HORITI ES 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of 
the product  Year1 Total quantity 
exported2 Quantity 
exported 
by STEs3 Average 
Procurement 
price  Average representative domestic sales 
price for sales of domestically -
produced alcohol  Per-unit export 
price  National 
production4 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
  '000 Litres  '000 Litres  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre  CAD'000 
Beer 
22.03  2016 170,976  - … 3.94 0.87 5,446,014  
2017 167,790  - … 4.00 0.89 5,706,725  
Wine5 
22.04  
22.05  
22.06  2016 92,946  - … 10.63  1.50 1,194,797  
2017 109,317  - … 10.96  1.33 1,240,295  
Spirits  
22.08  2016 162,338  - … 18.77  3.58 1,062,252  
2017 164,193  - … 28.14  3.31 1,108,963  
Notes:   "-" indicates zero.  
"…" indicates not applicable.  
1. Data in column 5 is for fiscal years ending on 31 March ( 2015-16 and 201 6-17). All other data is for calendar years.  
2. Does not include foreign produce re -exported.  
3. Provincial and Territorial liquor control authorities have no authority over the exportation of alcoholic beverages and no ju risdiction to export suc h products.  
4. Production figures are represented by the value of shipments, and are calculated using the NAICS rather than HS coding. Quant ity data is not available. Data 
for wine is a Statistics Canada estimate.  
5. Wine includes vermouth, coolers and c iders (except Column 5, which excludes vermouth).  
  
Sources:  Column 2, 6:  Statistics Canada.  
Column 5:  Statistics Canada, "Sales of Alcoholic Beverages of Liquor Authorities, Wineries and Breweries". CANSIM, Table 183 -0024.  
Column 7:  Statistics Canada. Ma nufacturers' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratios, by NAICS, Canada. CANSIM, Table 304 -0014.  
  G/STR/N/17/CAN  
 
- 26 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: PROVI NCIAL AND TERRITORIA L LIQUOR CONTROL AUT HORITIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of the product  Year1 Domestic purchases 
by STEs  National production2 Domestic Sales of Domestically -
Produced Alcohol, by STEs  National Consumption3 
1  2 3 4 5 
    $CAD'000 litres litres 
Beer 
22.03  2016 … 5,446,014  1,916,895  2,254,087  
2017 … 5,706,725  1,897,119  2,233,526  
Wine4 
22.04  2016 … 1,194,797  195,812  495,504  
2017 … 1,240,295  203,093  505,413  
Spirits  
22.08  2016 … 1,062,252  93,066  164,114  
2017 … 1,108,963  95,168  167,995  
Notes:    "…" not available.  
1. Data in columns 4 and 5 are for fiscal years ending on 31 March ( 2015-16 and 201 6-17). All other data is for calendar years.  
2. Production figures are represented by the value of shipments, and are calculated using the NAICS rather than HS coding. Quant ity data is not available. 
Data for wine is an estimate.  
3. National consumption is represented by the total quantity of domestic sales of imported and domestic products. It does not in clude homemade beer and wine, 
wine and beer manufactured through brew -on-premises operations, all sale s to Canadian residents in duty free shops and any other unreported transactions. 
Export sales are not included.  
4. Wine includes vermouth, coolers and ciders for column 2.  
Sources:  Column 3: Statistics Canada. Manufacturers' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratios, by NAICS, Canada. CANSIM, Table 304 -0014. 
Column 4, 5: Statistics Canada, "Sales of Alcoholic Beverages of Liquor Authorities, Wineries and Breweries". CANSIM, Table 1 83-0024.  
 
__________