DRAFT KENYA STANDARD  DKS 1515 :2019  
ICS 43.040.60  
Second Edition  
  
 © KEBS 2019   
 Road vehicles  — Inspection of road 
vehicles — Code of practice   
 
 
 
 
DKS 1515: 2019  
ii © KEBS 2019  – All rights reserved  
 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION  
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:  
Egerton University  
Isuzu East Africa Limited.  
Kenya Accreditation Service (KE NAS)  
Kenya Association of Bus Manufacturers (KABM)  
Kenya Association of Motor Repairers (KEMRA)  
Kenya Auto Bazaar Association (K.A.B.A)  
Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI)  
Kenya Vehicle Manufacturers (KVM) Ltd  
Matatu Owners Associat ion of Kenya  
Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport, Housing and Urban Development – Transport and Mechanical Directorate  
Mobius (K) Limited  
Motor Assessors Association of Kenya  
Nairobi Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (NaMATA)  
National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA)  
Olive Technical Services Ltd  
Technical University of Kenya  
Toyota Kenya Limited  
Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat  
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS  
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly  reviewed.  Suggestions for 
improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are 
welcome.  
© Kenya Bureau of Standards, 2019  
Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 130 of 2001 of  the Laws of Kenya, copyright subsists 
in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 25 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bureau of Sta ndards 
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or tra nsmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from the 
Managing Director.   DRAFT KENYA STANDARD  DKS 1515 :2019  
ICS 43.040.60  
Second Edition  
 
© KEBS 2019  – All rights reserved  iii 
  Road vehicles — Inspection of road vehicles 
— Code of practice   
 
 
Kenya Bureau of Standards, Popo Road, Off Mombasa Road,  
P.O. Box 54974 - 00200,  Nairobi, Kenya  
 +254 020 6948000, + 254 722202137, + 254 734600471  
 info@kebs.org  
 @KEBS_ke  
 kenya bureau of standards (kebs)  
  
DKS 1515: 2019  
iv © KEBS 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
This Kenya Standard was prepared by the Road vehicles  Technical Committee under the guidance of the 
Standards Projects Committee, an d it is in accordance with the procedures of the Kenya Bureau of Standards  
This second e dition cancels and replaces the first  edition (KS 1515 :2000 ), which has been technically revised.  
During the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the fo llowing document (s):  
KS ISO 6518 -1, Road vehicles — Ignition systems, Part 1. Vocabulary.  
KS ISO 6518 -2, Road vehicles — Ignition systems, Part 2. Electrical performances and function test methods.  
KS ISO 3780, Road vehicles — World Manufacturer Identifie r (WMI) code.  
ISO 6597 , Road vehicles — Hydraulic braking systems — Measurement of braking performance.  
KS ISO -3833, Road vehicles — Types, terms and definitions.  
KS EAS, Specification  for new pneumatic tyres — Passenger cars.  
KS EAS           Specificatio n for retreaded car and commercial vehicles tyres.  
KS 06 -849, Specification for apparatus for measurement of the opacity of exhaust gas from diesel     engines 
road vehicles.  
KS 06 -848, Specification for wheel rims — Nomenclature, designation and units of measurements.  
KS 06 -664 Specification for seat belt assemblies for motor vehicles.  
KS ISO 3779  Road vehicles — Vehicle identification number (VIN) — Content and structure.  
The MOTC — Vehicle Inspection Manual (June/July 1999 Edition).  
The MOT Inspection Ma nual — United Kingdom.  
Acknowledgement is hereby made for the assistance deri ved from this (these) sources.  DKS 1515 : 2019  
© KEBS 2019  – All rights reserved  v 
  Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  1 
4 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  2 
5  Safety requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  3 
5.2  Steering Control  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
5.1.1  Steering wheel  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  3 
5.1.2  Steering column  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
5.2 Track rods and tie rods  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  3 
5.3 Wheel hubs/stub axles  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  4 
5.4  Condition of tyres  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  4 
5.5  Electrical wiring and equipment and lighting system  ................................ ..............................  4 
5.5.1  Battery condition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  4 
5.5.2  Switchgear and wiring:  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  4 
5.5.3  Warning lights  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  5 
5.5.4  Headlamps  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 5 
5.5.5   Rear lamps  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 5 
5.5.6  Direction indicators  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  5 
5.5.7  Haza rd warning lamps  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  5 
5.5.8  Obligatory reflectors  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  5 
5.6 Braking systems and components  ................................ ................................ .............................  6 
5.6.1  Mechanical components  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  6 
5.7 Suspension  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 8 
5.8 Windscreen glass  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  9 
5.9 Seat Belts  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 9 
5.10  General Items  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  10 
5.10.1  Driver’s Mirrors  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  10 
5.10.2  Windscreen Wipers and Washers  ................................ ................................ .............................  10 
5.10.3  Windscreens  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  10 
5.10.4  PSV windows  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  10 
5.11  General condition of the vehicle structure  ................................ ................................ ..............  11 
5.11.1  Body Security  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  11 
5.11.2  Body Condition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  11 
5.11.3  Doors  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  11 
5.11.4  Cab doors  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 12 
5.11.5  Load Security  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  12 
6 Environmental requirements  and exhaust emissions testing  ................................ ..............  13 
6.1 New vehicles  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  13 
6.2 In service vehicles  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  13 
6.2.1  Visual inspection (all vehicles)  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 13 
6.2.2  Standard emissions t est ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  13 
6.2.3  Noise level test  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  15 
7 Inspection, tests and test equipment  ................................ ................................ .......................  15 
8 Criteria of conformity  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  18 
9 Marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  19 
10 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 19 
11 Application for inspection and vehicle inspection test report  ................................ ..............  19 DKS 1515: 2019    
 
1 
 Road vehicles — Inspection of road vehicles — Code of practice  
 
1 Scope  
1.1 This code of practice specifies general, safety and environmental requirements for Road Vehicles and 
includes inspection schedule fo r Road Vehicles.  
1.2 This Kenya Standard applies to all categories of Road Vehicles as specified in KS ISO 3833.  
1.3 The standard also applies to inspection of motor vehicles as per the Traffic Act, Cap. 43 of the Laws of 
Kenya, including Hybrid Electric V ehicles (HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs).  A paragraph.  
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content 
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, onl y the edition cited applies. For undated 
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
KS ISO 3833, Road vehicles — Types, terms and definitions  
KS 2499, Road vehicles - Inspection centre evaluation - Code of  practice  
Traffic Act, Cap. 43 of the Laws of Kenya.  
 
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.  
3.1  
initial Inspection  
an inspection which a new motor vehicle receives when it is newly operated  
 
3.2  
periodic inspection  
an inspection which a motor vehicle receives when it is to be operated continually after the term of validity of 
the motor vehicle inspection certificate has expired  
 
3.3  
modification inspection  
an inspection, which a motor vehic le receives when there are changes in the length, height, width, maximum 
payload and other major specifications  
 
 
 DKS 1515: 2019  
2 
 3.4  
on-roads random inspection  
an inspection, which a motor vehicle receives when it is picked up at random on the road  
 
3.5  
EV (Electric Ve hicle)  
a vehicle that is powered by electric power train only and a vehicle with a hydrogen fuel cell is considered an 
electric vehicle  
 
3.6 
HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle)  
a vehicle powered by a power train that consists of both an internal combustion engin e and an electrical 
energy/power storage device  
 
3.7 
vehicle category  
a class or division of a vehicle regarded as having particular shared characteristics (see annex A).  
4 General requirements  
4.1 Authorization before importation  
All road vehicles shall b e subjected to inspection carried out by an authorized government body before 
importation.  
4.2 Inspection before registration  
All road vehicles shall be subjected to inspection by the Kenya Government Vehicle Inspection Centre or any 
other authorized and a ccredited vehicle inspection agent before registration.  
4.3 Certificate of roadworthiness  
Imported road vehicles shall be accompanied by a certificate of roadworthiness from the exporting country.  
4.4 Inspection centres  
Road vehicles shall be inspected in inspection centres approved by relevant authority.  
4.5 Inspection centre equipment and personel  
4.5.1  Equipment used in inspection centres shall be certified by an authorized authority.  
4.5.2  The vehicle inspection personnel shall be authorized inspector s with the following minimum qualifications:  
a) Diploma in motor vehicle engineering or its equivalent  
b) Qualification in inspection course awarded by a recognized training institution.  
c) Experience of not less than 5 years in the motor Industry  
d) Valid Driving Lic ence  
 
4.7 Vehicle type of drive   
3 
 Left hand vehicles shall be not accepted.  
4.8 Age limit  
4.8.1  All non -commercial road vehicles which are more than eight years old from the year of first registration 
shall not be allowed for importation. The difference betw een the year of first registration and the year of 
manufacture shall not be more than one year.  
4.8.2  All commercial road  vehicles, which are more,  than:  
a) five years old from the year of first registration shall not be allowed for importation  as from 1st J uly 
2019  
b) three years old from the year of first registration shall not be allowed for importation  as from 1st July 
2021  
c) zero years old from the year of first registration shall not be allowed for importation  as from 1st July 
2024  
4.9 Radio frequency rang e  
All road vehicles, if fitted with radios, shall have  the radios with a frequency range of 87.5  to 108.0 MHz.  
NOTE This requirement becomes effective 6 months from date of gazettement of this standard or as may be determined by the 
Communication Author ity of Kenya.  
5  Safety requirements  
Road vehicles shall be inspected for safety requirements in accordance with the authorized inspection manual.  
The following defects shall be checked:  
 
5.2  Steering Control  
Defects to be examined for steering control s hall be the steering wheel and the steering column.  
 
5.1.1  Steering wheel  
The steering wheel shall be examined for:  
 
a) Excessive ‘free’ play of the steering wheel.  Specify how many millimetres it should move on either 
side from the centre  
b) Steering wheel (h ub, rim, spokes) fractured  
c) Steering wheel (hub, rim, spokes) insecure  
d) Steering wheel loose to column shaft  
e) Steering wheel retaining device missing.  
 
5.1.2  Steering column  
Steering column shall be examined for:  
 
a) Excessive lift or side movement of steering c olumn  
b) Steering column coupling excessively deteriorated/worn/insecure  
 
5.2 Track rods and tie rods  
  DKS 1515: 2019  
4 
 The track rods and tie rods shall be examined for:  
 
a) Excessive wear in track rod ends  
b) Excessive wear in tied rod ends  
c) Burst rubber grease retainers.  
 
5.3 Wheel hubs/stub axles  
 
The wheel hubs/stub axles shall be examined for:  
 
(a) Excessive play in wheel bearings  
 
(b) Excessive play in kingpins/king bushes.  
 
5.4  Condition of tyres  
The defects to be checked for condition of tyres shall be the following:  
 
a) Tyre walls in contact  
b) Tyre bulging  
c) Tyre has a break in fabric or cut which is more than 25 mm long or 10 per cent of tread width 
(whichever is greater)  
d) Tyre incorrectly inflated  
e) Tyre tread worn beyond legal limit  
f) Tyre fouling  
g) Recut tyre fitted.  
 
5.5  Electri cal wiring and equipment and lighting system  
The defects to be examined for electrical wiring, equipment and lighting system shall be the battery condition, 
switchgear and wiring, warning lights, headlamps, rear lamps, direction indicators and hazard warni ng lamps 
and rear markings and reflectors.  
 
NOTE  When checking the condition and security of the wiring, care needs to be taken when inspecting the high voltage systems  of Hybrid 
Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles.  These high voltage wires are colou r coded orange.  
 
5.5.1  Battery condition  
a) Battery insecure    
b) Battery leaking  
c) Battery box not vented  
d) Battery cell closures insecure/missing  
e) Check for loose battery terminals and sulphation on the terminals  
f) Check for proper insulation of the terminals and ke ep away any metallic substances that may cause 
accidental starting.  
5.5.2  Switchgear and wiring:  
 
a) Wiring insecure/inadequately insulated/insulation is or will become ineffective due to chafing or heat   
5 
 b) Lighting switch insecure/malfunctioning  
c) Switch not mar ked. 
 
5.5.3  Warning lights  
Warning lights not marked.  
 
5.5.4  Headlamps  
a) Obligatory headlamps inoperative/missing/obscured/dim/flickers when tapped by hand  
b) Obligatory headlamps insecure or lens broken or missing  
c) Obligatory headlamps cannot be switched on or off together  
d) Aim of the headlamps too high or too far to the right  
e) Aim of the headlamps too low or too far to the left  
f) Not more than two spot lights should be fitted, whose wattage and intensity should be of the same 
level as the headlights  
g) Spotlights  switch should be independent of the headlights switch.  
 
5.5.5   Rear lamps   
a) Obligatory rear lamps insecure  
b) Obligatory rear lamps inoperative/missing/dim/obscured/affected by the operation of  another 
lamp/lens broken or missing  
c) Obligatory rear lamp has interm ittent operation, flickers when tapped or does not face the rear, lens 
broken or missing  
d) No rear lamps shall be fitted at a distance of more than 150 mm from the extreme ends of  the body.  
 
5.5.6  Direction indicators  
a) Direction indicator insecure.  Detachm ent imminent  
b) Direction indicator missing/inoperative/not functioning correctly/damaged/obscured/lens   broken or 
missing.  Check if indicator cannot be used to clearly show the driver’s  intention.  
c) Indicator warning lamp inoperative/not fitted.  
 
5.5.7  Haza rd warning lamps  
a) Hazard warning lamp inoperative/not functioning correctly  
b) Side repeater indicator inoperative/not functioning correctly.  
c) Rear markings  
d) Insecure partially or correctly missing, incorrectly located or not clearly visible from the 
rear/detach ment  
e) Incorrect rear markings fitted.  
 
5.5.8  Obligatory reflectors  
a) Obligatory reflectors missing/deteriorated/incorrectly fitted/obscured/insecure/detachment  imminent  DKS 1515: 2019  
6 
 b) HGV side reflector missing, deteriorated or of incorrect colour  
c) HGV side reflector not co rrectly fitted or not plainly visible from the side.  
 
5.6 Braking systems and components  
The defects to be checked for the braking systems and components shall be on the mechanical components, 
ABS components, air compressor drive, air/vacuum reservoir, bra ke valves, brake pipes and hoses, servos, 
brake actuators, hydraulic systems, hydraulic brake cylinder, actuator/brake cylinder travel and brake travel 
indicators.  
 
5.6.1  Mechanical components   
a) Any brake component excessively worn/corroded/fractured/reduce d in diameter/number of strands 
reduced  
 
i) Any retaining/locking device missing/insecure  
ii) Brake backplate/disc loose  
iii) Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment  
iv) Automatic brake slack adjuster component missing/disconnected/insecure or inoperative  
v) Brake disc fractured/excessively worn/insert insecure  
vi) Brake drum fractured/excessively worn  
vii) Brakelining/pad missing/excessively worn/insecure  
viii) Severely contaminated pad/lining.  
 
b) ABS components  
 
Any component forming part of an anti -lock braking system missing/ damaged/disconnected.  
 
c) Air compressor drive  
 
Drive belt(s) missing/badly deteriorated/loose.  
 
d) Air/vacuum reservoir  
 
Brake air/vacuum reservoir damaged/excessively corroded/insecure.  
 
e) Brake valves  
   
i) Brake valve inoperative  
ii) Brake valve insecure  
iii) Brake valve damaged/fractured/excessively corroded   
7 
 iv) Brake valve leaking  
v) Load sensing valve missing/seized/by passed, linkage defective/disconnected or out of adjustment  
vi) Excessive oil/contaminant discharge from brake valves.  
 
f) Brake pipes and hoses  
  
i) Brake pipe excessive ly chafed/damaged  
ii) Brake pipe corroded  
iii) Brake pipe inadequately clipped/supported/repaired  
iv) Brazed or welded steel brake pipes should be inspected  
v) Brake pipe fouling  
vi) Brake hose chafed/deteriorated/stretched/bulging/kinked/twisted/fouling/exposed  to excessive  
heat 
vii) Brake pipe/hose/coupling/connection leaking.  
 
g) Servos  
 
i) Brake servo insecure  
ii) Brake servo damaged/incorrectly fitted/fractured/excessively corroded  
iii) Excessive travel of brake servo  
iv) Servo losing vacuum  
 
h) Brake actuators  
  
i) Air/vacuum actuator insecure/damag ed/fractured/excessively corroded/incorrectly fitted  
ii) Loss of air/vacuum.  
 
i) Hydraulic systems  
 
i) Brake master cylinder/reservoir/wheel cylinder/calliper insecure  
ii) Brake master cylinder/wheel cylinder/calliper damaged/incorrectly fitted/fractured  
iii) Brake fluid lea king from … (specify source)  
iv) Absence of or low fluid level in hydraulic brake fluid reservoir.  
 
 
j) Hydraulic brake cylinder  
 
i) A hydraulic cylinder mounting insecure/cracked/fractured/damaged or a stop pin or locking device 
missing or insecure  DKS 1515: 2019  
8 
 ii) A hydraulic cyli nder leaking.  
 
k) Actuator/brake cylinder travel  
 
Excess or restricted travel of brake actuator or cylinder.  
 
l) Brake travel indicators  
 
i) Brake piston/diaphragm travel indicator missing/inoperative  
ii) Brake adjustment indicator shows that brake adjustment is necess ary 
iii) Actuator or brake cylinder travel to be specified before it is classified as excessive.  
 
m) Parking brake  
 
i) Mechanical: Excess travel; Ratchet not holding lever; cables stretched or frayed; operating levers 
at drum damaged or seized; brake not holding vehi cle stationary on slope of 2 per cent gradient.   
ii) Air operated: Lever inoperative or not locking; air leaking; brake not holding vehicle on slope  of 2 
per cent gradient.  
 
5.7 Suspension  
 
Defects to be checked for suspension shall be the suspension  location, s uspension units and location, leaf 
suspension, coil suspension, torsion bar suspension, bonded suspension, air or fluid suspension, anti -roll bars 
and shock absorbers.  
 
(a) Suspension location  
 
(i) A suspension retaining rubber missing/deteriorated  
 
(ii) A suspensi on anchor/shackle pin insecure in its bracket  
 
(iii) A suspension anchor/shackle pin locking device missing/ineffective/insecurely fitted  
 
(iv) A suspension slipper bracket excessively worn/fractured/not securely fixed or 
rebound pin missing  
 
(v) Radius arm or linkage br acket insecure or otherwise defective  
 
(vi) Radius arm or linkage bracket fractured/displaced/distorted.  
 
(b) Suspension units and location  
 
(i) A suspension unit weak/insecure or otherwise defective  
 
(ii) A suspension unit incorrectly fitted  
 
(iii) A suspension component dis placed/insecure or otherwise defective.  
 
(c) Leaf suspension  
  
9 
 (i) Spring leaf weak – Spring ‘U’ bolts loose, broken or missing  
        – Coil spring fractured or weak  
 
(ii) Spring leaf fractured/defective  
 
(iii) Spring  clips loose/missing/broken  
 
(iv) Spring centre bolt brok en/missing.  
 
(d) Coil suspension  
 
Coil spring fractured.  
 
(e) Torsion bar suspension  
 
(i) Torsion bar fractured/distorted  
 
(ii) Torsion bar arms secured to chassis fractured/distorted.  
 
(f) Bonded suspension  
   
 Bonded suspension unit failed/deteriorate — Torsion b ar brushes worn.  
 
(g) Air or fluid suspension  
 
(i) Suspension unit leaking or deflated  
 
(ii) Air/fluid suspension or fluid accumulator fouling or otherwise defective  
 
(iii) Levelling valve inoperative/excessively worn/damaged/missing  
 
(iv) Check strap defective.  
 
 (h) Anti-roll bars  
 
An anti -roll bar, pivot, linkage or mounting missing/insecure/fractured/malfunctioning.  
 
(j) Shock absorbers  
 
(i) Shock absorber, pivot, linkage or mounting missing/insecure/fractured/malfunctioning  
 
(ii) Shock absorber leaking.  
 
5.8 Windscreen glass  
The defects to be checked for windscreen glass shall be the following:  
 
(a) There shall be no crack longer than 2 cm or ‘Star’ damage greater in diameter than 1.5 cm in the area of 
the windscreen immediately in the Driver’s line of vision.  
 
(b) There shall be no crack in the Windscreen longer than 15 cm in any position.  
 
(c) There shall be no ‘fogging’ of the Windscreen between the laminates in the area of the driver’s line of vision.  
 
(d) Windscreen wipers missing/inoperative/blaseds worn or travel inadequate.  
 
(e) Windscreen jets are incorrectly adjusted.  
 
5.9 Seat Belts  
 DKS 1515: 2019  
10 
 The defects to be checked for seat belts shall be the following:  
 
a) Any dangerous defect/damage/feature of a seat belt restraint system.  
 
b) Any obligatory seat  belt  missing.    
 
c) Any obligatory or n on-obligatory seat belt inoperative/defective/insecure/ anchorage or seat mounting 
weak.  
 
d) Position of seat belt anchors in relation to the seat for driver/pass comfort.  
 
 
5.10 General Items  
5.10.1  Driver’s Mirrors  
The defects to be checked for driver’s mirrors shall be the following:  
 
(a) If the external rear view mirror and/or glass is missing/insecure/damaged  
 
(b) If the interior mirror/periscope or other viewing device is missing/defective/insecure.  
 
5.10.2  Windscreen Wipers and Washers  
 
The defects to be checked for wind screen wipers and washers shall be the following:  
 
(a) If the windscreen wipers are missing/inoperative/blades worn  
 
(b) If the windscreen washers are not fitted/inoperative/system incomplete.  
 
 
 
 
5.10.3  Windscreens  
The defects to be checked for windscreens shal l be the following:  
 
(a) The windscreen is cracked/scratched/discoloured  
 
(b) Windscreen not of safety glass  
 
(c) Driver’s side window not safety glass  
 
(d) PSV Drivers interior door/screen not of safety glass or of a safety glazing material  
 
(e) PSV windo w not of safety glass or of a safety glazing material  
 
(f) PSV window glazing missing/insecure/cracked  
 
(g) Relevant vehicle with glass not marked with an acceptable mark.  
 
5.10.4  PSV windows  
The defects to be checked for PSV windows shall be as follows:  
 
(a) Louvres cracked/broken/insecure  
  
11 
 (b) PSV weather strip damaged/deteriorated  
 
(c) PSV window dirty  
 
(d) Window glasses to be made of clear glass  
 
(e) PSV window, lock and sliding handle  missing/broken.  
 
5.11 General condition of the vehicle structure  
 
5.11.1  Body Securi ty 
 
Defects to be checked for body security shall be the following:  
 
Body components and fixings (e.g. twisted locks ) loose/fractured/missing.  
 
5.11.2  Body Condition  
Defects to be checked for condition of the body shall be body panelling and guard rail, PSV flap  type doors and 
PSV luggage compartments.  
 
(a) Body panelling and guard rail  
 
(i)  Exterior body panel damaged/missing/protruding/insecure  
 
(ii) Any embellishment protruding/damaged/insecure  
 
(iii) Guard rail insecure/damaged and on PSVs missing where req uired.  
 
 
(b) PSV flap type door  
 
(i) Flap/Door catch defective/catch missing/insecure  
 
(ii) Flap/Door protruding when closed/exposing sharp (jagged) edges  
 
(iii) Flap/Door check device missing/ineffective.  
 
(c) PSV luggage compartments  
 
(i) Water leakage into luggage compart ment  
 
(ii) Luggage compartment damaged/dirty  
 
(iii) Luggage compartment floor damaged/deteriorated/weak  
 
(iv) Luggage compartment door protruding when closed/exposing sharp (jagged) edges  
 
(v) Luggage compartment door holding device missing/ineffective  
 
(vi) Luggage compartme nt door check device missing/ineffective.  
 
 
5.11.3  Doors  
Defects to be checked for doors shall be as follows:  
 
 (i) Door missing  DKS 1515: 2019  
12 
  
(ii) Door jammed/cannot be opened  
 
(iii) Door cannot be retained in the closed position  
 
(iv) Door hinges/catches/pillar worn/loose/insecure/weakene d 
 
(v) Sliding door jammed/likely to become displaced/is not retained in the open or closed             
position   
                           
(vi) Door holding device missing/ineffective  
 
(vii) Door check device missing/ineffective  
 
(viii) Door stiff or fails to operate  
 
(ix) Door o peration affects braking system  
 
(x) Power -operated door cannot be opened manually  
 
(xi) Door sensitive edge not working  
 
(xii) ‘Door open’ warning device inoperative  
 
(xiii) Draught exclude insecure  
 
(xiv) Passenger doors operation severe  
 
(xv) Obligatory markings or fittings missing/dam aged/ineffective  
 
(xvi) Any normally fitted exit door handle guard missing  
 
(xvii)  Defective or missing lock  
 
(xviii)  Worn door hinge pins  
 
(xix) Missing or broken slide glass  
 
(xx) Corroded or cracked door mounting frame  
 
(xxi) Worn sliding door bearing/slide rail  
 
(xxii)  Worn, chafed or missing doo r weather rubber  
 
(xxiii)  Torn or missing door inner covers.  
 
5.11.4  Cab doors  
The defects to be checked for cab doors shall be as follows:  
 
(i) Driver’s external door of a PSV jammed/obstructed/will not fasten/difficult to open  
 
(ii) Door hinges, catches or pillars in such a con dition that the door is difficult to close or could fly 
open inadvertently  
 
(iii) Sliding door which cannot be secured in the open or closed position and/or runners or tracks 
so badly worn or defective that the door cannot be opened and closed without excessive 
effort.  
 
5.11.5  Load Security   
13 
 The following shall be checked for load security:  
 
(i) Body components and fixings (e.g. twisted locks) loose/fractured/missing  
 
(ii) Excessive displacement of the body relative to the chassis.  
 
 
6 Environmental requirements  and exhau st emissions testing  
 
6.1 New vehicles  
6.1.1      All new diesel powered vehicles shall be type -approved to meet the requirements of Euro II/2 as from 
1st January 2021 and Euro IV/4 as from 1st January 2024.   The specific details shall be as given in Annex E. 
 
6.1.2  All new petrol (gasoline) powered vehicles shall be type -approved to a minimum of Euro IV/4.  
 
6.2 In service vehicles  
The following environmental requirements tests shall be carried out as specified in Annex B.  
 
6.2.1  Visual inspection (all vehicles)  
The exhaust shall not emit dense blue or clearly visible black smoke.  In exceptional cases, especially on certain 
vehicles manufactured before 1960, emissions of smoke are unavoidable due to the engine design and, 
consequently, these vehicles will not fail t he test.  
 
6.2.2  Standard emissions test  
All gasoline/petrol powered vehicles shall meet the requirements as given in Table 2 and Table 3.  
 
Table 2 -- Exhaust emissions for petrol powered cars  
 
 
 
Limit   
Maximum measured values at natural 
engine idle speed   
Maximum measured values at raised engine speed 
and with the gearbox in neutral  
 
Date of  
first use1  
Carbon 
monoxide 
(CO)   
Hydrocarbon 
(HC)3  
Engine idle 
speed (rpm)   
Carbon 
monoxide 
(CO)   
Hydrocarbon 
(HC)   
Lambda2  
Engine speed 
(rpm)  
 
Before 
1/8/75   
No 
requirement   
No 
requirement   
No 
requirement   
No  
requirement   
No  
requirement   
No 
 requirement   
 
No requirement  
 
 
 
From 1/8/75 
and before 
1/8/86   
 
 
4.5% vol.   
 
 
0.12% vol.  
(1 200 ppm4)  
No specific 
requirement 
but the engine 
should be at 
its normal 
idling s peed   
 
 
No 
 requirement   
 
 
No 
 requirement   
 
 
No 
 requirement   
 
 
No requirement  
 DKS 1515: 2019  
14 
  
 
 
From 1/8/86 
and before 
1/8/95   
 
 
3.5% vol.   
 
 
0.12% vol.  
(1 200 ppm)   
No specific 
requirement 
but the engine 
should not be 
clearly above 
its normal 
idling speed   
 
 
 
No 
 requirement   
 
 
 
No 
 requirement   
 
 
 
No 
 requirement   
 
 
 
No requirement  
 
 
From  
1/8/95  and 
before 
1/8/2002   
 
 
0.5% vol.  No 
requirement   
No specific 
requirement 
but the engine 
should be at 
its normal 
idling speed   
 
 
0.3% vol.   
 
0.02% vol.  
 200 ppm   
 
 
1 ± 0.0 3  
 
>2 500 rpm  
<3 000 rpm  
From 
1/8/2002  0.3% vol.   
 
No 
requirement   
No specific 
requirement 
but the engine 
should be at 
its normal 
idling speed  0.2% vol.  0.02% vol.  
 200 ppm  1 ± 0.03  >2 500 rpm  
<3 000 rpm  
 
NOTE 1 Date of first use is as defined in Regu lation 3(3) of the Road vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations.  
 
NOTE 2 Lambda is the ratio of the mass of air/mass of fuel divided by 14.7  
 
NOTE 3 HC is normally measured during the natural idle test.  However, where a vehicle meets the CO limit but  exceeds the HC limit at this 
speed, the tester must carry out a further test at 2000rpm.  Provided the HC limit is met at this higher speed then the vehic le meets the 
requirement.  
 
NOTE 4 PPM refers to “parts per million”  
 
 
 
Table 3 --  Exhaust emissio ns for other petrol powered vehicles  
 
 
Limit   
Maximum measured values at natural 
engine idle speed   
Maximum measured values at raised engine 
speed and with the gearbox in neutral  
 
Date of  
first use1  
Carbon 
monoxide 
(CO)   
Hydrocarbon 
(HC)3  
Engine idle 
speed 
(rpm)   
Carbon 
monoxide 
(CO)   
Hydrocarbon  
(HC)   
 
Lambda2  
Engine 
speed 
(rpm)  
 
Before 
1/8/75   
No 
requirement   
No  
requirement   
No  
requirement   
No 
requirement   
No  
requirement   
No 
requirement   
No 
requirement  
 
From 
1/8/75 and 
before 
1/8/86   
 
4.5% vol.   
 
0.12% vol.  
(1 200 ppm4)  
No specific 
requirement 
but the engine 
should be at 
its normal 
idling speed   
 
No 
requirement   
 
No  
requirement   
 
No 
requirement   
 
No 
requirement  
 
 
 
From 
1/8/86 and 
before 
1/8/94   
 
 
3.5% vol.   
 
 
0.12% vol.  
 (1 200 ppm)   
 
No spec ific 
requirement 
but the engine 
must not be 
clearly above 
its normal 
idling speed   
 
 
No 
requirement   
 
 
No  
requirement   
 
No 
requirement   
 
No 
requirement   
15 
  
 
From 
1/8/2002   
 
 
0.3 % vol.   
 
0.12% vol.  
(1 200 ppm)   
No specific 
requirement 
but the engine 
should  be at 
its normal 
idling speed   
0.2% vol.   
0.02% vol.  
 200 ppm   
 
1 ± 0.03   
 
>2 500 rpm  
<3 000 rpm  
NOTE 1 Date of first use is as defined in the Traffic Act, Cap. 403 of  the Laws of Kenya, (Construction     and Use) Regulat ions.  
 
NOTE 2 Lambda is the rat io of the mass of air/mass of fuel divided by 14.7.  
 
NOTE 3 HC is normally measured during the natural idle test.  However, where a vehicle meets the CO limit but exceeds the HC limit at 
this speed, the tester must carry out a further test at 2 500 rpm.  P rovided the HC limit is met at this higher speed then the vehicle meets 
the requirement.  
 
NOTE 4 ppm refers to  ‘parts per million’  
 
 
 
6.2.3  Noise level test  
The permitted noise levels which a vehicle produces shall not exceed 90 dB.  Where a person is employe d as 
a driver of a PSV vehicle the noise which he is exposed to shall not exceed 90 dB and shall be in conformity 
with other laid down government regulations in operation.  The test procedure shall be as specified in Annex C.  
 
 
 
 
 
7 Inspection, tests and tes t equipment  
7.1 An  Inspection  Centre  shall meet all the requirements of KS 2499 and  have  a  minimum  of  the   tests  
and  test equipment specified in Table 4.  
 DKS 1515: 2019  
16 
 Table 4 ---  Tests and test equipment  
 
 
Tests   
Main test equipment, etc.  
 
1.   Confirmation of construction 
devices  
And functions   
Pit or lift tape measure  
 
2.   Weight measurement   
Weight meter  
 
3.   Front wheel alignment test   
Side slip tester or wheel alignment tester  
 
4.   Rear -view mirror visibility test   
Tape measure  
 
5. Deceleration perfo rmance test of  
auxiliary brake system   
Deceleration measuring device or speed  
measuring device, clock and proving ground  
 
6.   Brake test   
Stopping distance measuring device, vehicle speed 
detecting device and proving ground  
 
NOTE 1 Attention is to be aid  to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electric 
Vehicles (EVs).  Due to the nature of the control systems some vehicles 
cannot be tested on the Roller Brake Tester and must receive a 
decelerometer brake test.  
 
NOTE 2 Some vehicles have a regenerative brak ing system connected to 
the service brake system.  If the regenerative system cannot be 
disconnected from the service brake, a decelerometer brake test is 
required. If the regenerative system can be disconnected and the vehicle 
control system allows a roll er brake test this must be carried out.  
 
7.   Brake fluid leakage warning device   
Sound level meter, microphone, pedal application force 
meter and fluid quantity measuring instrument  
 
8.   Steady running noise level test   
Sound level meter, microphone, r ecorder, vehicle speed 
detecting device and proving ground  
 
9.   Acceleration running noise level 
test  
Sound level meter, microphone, recorder, engine 
tachometer and proving ground  
  
10. Stationary noise level test   
Sound level meter, microphone, record er, engine 
tachometer and proving ground  
 
 
11. Headlamp test  
  
Illuminator, screen and dark room  
 
12. Front fog lamp test  
  
Illuminator, screen and dark room  
 
13.  Cornering lamp test   
Illuminometer, screen, angle measuring instrument and dark 
room  
 
14.  N umber plate lamp test    
17 
 Illuminometer or luminances brightness meter, test sample 
plant and dark room  
 
 
15. Back -up lamp test  
  
Illuminometer, screen and dark room  
 
16.   Horn sound level test   
Sound level meter and microphone  
 
 
17. Idling, 10.15 -mode and 11 
mode 
exhaust emission tests   
Chassis dynamometer, blower, driving schedule indication 
device, CVS, exhaust emission analyzer, recorder, vehicle 
speed meter, engine tachometer, reference gases, 
barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, anemometer, wind 
direction met er, coast -down time measuring device and test 
room  
 
18. Diesel smoke concentration test 
(3- 
        mode, no load quick 
acceleration)   
Chassis dynamometer or engine dynamometer, blower, 
exhaust smoke sampling device, concentration measuring 
device, barometer and thermometer  
 
19.  Diesel 10.15 -mode exhaust 
emission test   
Chassis dynamometer, blower, driving schedule indication 
device, CVS, exhaust emission analyzer, integrator, 
recorder, vehicle speed meter, engine tachometer, 
reference gases, barometer, therm ometer, hygrometer, 
anemometer, wind direction meter, coast -down time 
measuring device, dilution tunnel, exhaust gas introduction 
pipe, filter holder, sampling suction pump, diluted exhaust 
emission sampling flow meter, weighing balance, weighing 
room and test room  
 
20.   Diesel 6 -mode exhaust emission 
test  
Chassis dynamometer or engine dynamometer, blower, 
exhaust emission analyzer, recorder, intake air quantity 
measuring device, fuel consumption measuring device, 
engine tachometer, reference gases, baro meter, 
thermometer, hygrometer and test room  
 
21. Diesel 13 -mode exhaust emission  
test Engine dynamometer, exhaust emission analyzer, recorder, 
intake air quantity measuring device, fuel consumption 
measuring device, engine tachometer, reference gases, 
barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, exhaust gas 
introduction pipe, dilution tunnel, filter holder, sampling 
suction pump, diluted exhaust emission sampling flow meter, 
weighing balance, weighing room and test room  
 
22.   Heat -damage test   
Chassis dynamomet er, blower, temperature measuring 
device, recorder and test room  
 
 
 
23.   10.15 -mode fuel economy test   
Chassis dynamometer, blower, driving schedule indication 
device, CVS, exhaust emission analyzer, recorder, vehicle 
speed meter, engine tachometer, refe rence gases, 
barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, anemometer, wind 
direction meter, coast -down time measuring device or wheel 
torque measuring device and test room  
 DKS 1515: 2019  
18 
  
24.   Confirmation of construction,    
devices and functions of motor 
vehicle which has un dergone 
durability driving (Part 1)   
Pit or lift and tape measure  
 
25. Idling, 10.15 -mode and 11 -mode 
exhaust emission tests of motor 
vehicle which has undergone 
durability driving (Part 2)   
Chassis dynamometer, blower, driving schedule indication 
device,  CVS, exhaust emission analyzer, recorder, vehicle 
speed meter, engine tachometer, reference gases, 
barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, anemometer, wind 
direction meter, coast -down time measuring device or wheel 
torque measuring device and test room  
 
26.  Other tests/observations 
deemed as  necessary   
Devices necessary for the test concerned  
 
 
7.2 The inspection schedule shall be in accordance with Table 5.  
 
Table 5 -- Inspection schedule  
 
 
 
Category   
Initial  
inspection   
Periodic  
inspection  
(frequency)   
Modif ication  
 
inspection   
Inspection at 
transfer  
of ownership  
 
NB: This is  
Optional   
Inspection  of  
vehicles 
involved  
In accidents   
On-roads  
Random  
Inspection  
 
Heavy duty  
trucks   
All  
12 Months   
Yes  
Yes  
 
Yes  
Safety  
Emission  
 
Buses   
All  
12 Months   
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
Safety  
Emission  
 
Light -duty 
vehicles  
including  
passenger 
cars  
 
 
All  
 
 
12 Months   
 
 
Yes  
 
 
Yes  
 
 
Yes  
 
 
Safety  
Emission  
 
Taxis   
All  
12 Months   
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
Safety  
Emission  
 
 
Motorized  
tricycles   
All  
12 Months   
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
Safety  
Emission  
 
 
 
8 Criteria of conformity  
 
8.1 For a vehicle to be registered for use it shall be required to have the following:  
 
8.1.1  A certificate of roadworthiness from a recognized agency of the exporting country.  
 
8.1.2  A vehicle inspection report from an authorized vehicle insp ection centre.  
  
19 
 8.2 Prohibition of vehicle  
 
The classification for defects shall be as per authorized manuals and shall be as follows:  
 
8.2.1  IM  —  Immediate prohibition  
8.2.2  D  —  Delayed prohibition (10 days)  
8.2.3  AD  —  Advisory  defects  
 
8.3 All vehicles which fail the insp ection test shall be deemed to require repair at the cost of the owner and 
will be denied renewal of road licence or insurance.  
 
8.4 A certificate of roadworthiness shall be issued only after a vehicle has undergone inspection and has 
been found to have no sev ere defects.  
 
9 Marking  
Each road vehicle shall conform to KS ISO 3780, Road vehicles — World manufacturer identifier (WMI) code 
and KS ISO 3779, Road Vehicles — Vehicle identification number (VIN).  
 
10 Packaging  
Each imported vehicle shall be protected from co rrosion by applying a suitable anti -corrosive agent to last for a 
minimum three -month  period while in transit at sea.  
 
11 Application for inspection and vehicle inspection test report  
11.1    The application for inspection shall be made using Form 1 shown below:  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DKS 1515: 2019  
20 
 FORM 1.   APPLICATION FOR INSPECTION  
 
 
Form  1  
APPLICATION FOR INSPECTION  
 
The Managing Director,  
Kenya Bureau of Standards,  
P.O. Box 54974 -00200 , 
NAIROBI.  
 
 
Date: …………………………..  
Name of Applicant: …………………………………….                          S ignature: ………………………  
Occupation:……………………………………………..  
Organization:……………………………………………  
Address:…………………………………………………  
 
 
Make and Type of Motor Vehicle   
 
Category of Vehicle  
  
 
VIN 
  
 
Engine No.   
 
Chassis No.   
 
Test Site Desired   
 
Test Date Desired   
 
Test I tem Desired for Modification   
 
Name & Address of the Vehicle Inspection 
Centre   
 
Remarks   
 
 
 
 
11.2 The inspection report shall be made on Form 2 shown below:  
 
FORM  2.   VEHICLE INSPECTION REPORT  
  
21 
  
Form 2  
VEHICLE INSPECTION REPORT  
 
Name of Applicant:…………………… …………………………………………………………………………………  
 
                              ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….  
 
Address:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  
 
              …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  
 
Name and Address of Vehicle Inspect ion Centre: ………………………………………………………………..  
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  
 
Place of Inspection:……………………………..           Date of Inspection:…………………………………………  
 
 
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION  
 
1.     Make:…………………..                      Category:.……… ………………….  
 
       Type:…………………….  
 
2.    Reg. No:……………………...….  
 
3.     Date of First Reg:.……………...        Odometer Reading:.…………                km:.……………………  
 
4.    Year of Manufacture:.…………….  
 
5.     VIN:.…………………………………  
 
6.     Chassis No:.……………………….                   Engine No:.…………………….  
 
7.     Colour:.……………………………..  
 
8.     Sitting Capacity:.……………………………  
 
9.     Type of Engine:      Diesel                      Petrol                       
 
10.   Report: If new vehicle                             or used     
 
 
INSPECTION RESULTS  
 
General Condition of Road Vehicle:  
 
IM— Immediate Prohibition                                                 D— Delayed Prohibition        
 
AD— Advisory Defects  
 
Advisory Remarks:……………………………………………………………………………………..  
 
 …………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………  
 
Name of Inspector:……………………………..        Signature:…………………..         Date:……………..  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DKS 1515: 2019  
22 
  
Annex A  
(normative)  
Vehicle Categorization  
 
Category  Description  
L Motor  vehicles  with less than four wheels  [but does include light four -wheelers]  
L1 A two -wheeled  vehicle  with an engine  cylinder capacity  in the case of a thermic 
engine not exceeding 50  cm³ and whatever the means of propulsion a maximum 
design speed not exceeding 50  km/h.  
L2 A three -wheeled  vehicle  of any wheel arrangement w ith an engine  cylinder capacity  in 
the case of a thermic engine not exceeding 50  cm³ or 4kw and whatever the means of 
propulsion a maximum design speed not exceeding 50  km/h.  
L3 A two -wheeled  vehicle  with an engine  cylinder capacity  in the case of a therm ic 
engine exceeding 50  cm³ or 4kw and whatever the means of propulsion a maximum 
design speed exceeding 50  km/h.  
L4 A vehicle  with three wheels asymmetrically arranged in relation to the longitudinal 
median plane with an engine  cylinder capacity  in the case of a thermic engine 
exceeding 50  cm³ or whatever the means of propulsion a maximum design speed 
exceeding 50  km/h (motor cycles with sidecars).  
L5 A vehicle  with three wheels symmetrically arranged in relation to the longitudinal 
median plane with an engine  cylinder capacity  in the case of a thermic engine 
exceeding 50  cm³ or whatever the means of propulsion a maximum design speed 
exceeding 50  km/h.  
L6 A vehicle  with four wheels whose unladen mass is not more than 350  kg, not including 
the mass of the batteries in case of electric vehicles, whose maximum design speed is 
not more than 45  km/h, and whose engine  cylinder capacity  does not exceed 50  cm³ 
for spark (positive) ignition engines, or whose maximum net power output does not 
exceed 4  kW in the case of other internal combustion engines, or whose maximum 
continuous rated power doe s not exceed 4  kW in the case of electric engines.  
L7 A vehicle  with four wheels, other than that classified for the category  L6, whose 
unladen mass is not more than 400  kg  (550 kg for vehicles  intended for carrying 
goods), not including the mass of batt eries in the case of electric  vehicles  and whose 
maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 15  kW. 
M Vehicles  having at least four wheels and used for the carriage of passengers  (e.g., 
standard car with 2, 3, 4 doors).  
M1 Vehicles  used for carriage o f passengers, comprising not more than eight seats in 
addition to the driver's = 9.  
M2 Vehicles  used for the carriage of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in 
addition to the driver's seat, a nd having a maximum mass not exceeding 5 tonnes. 
(Bus)  
M3 Vehicles  used for the carriage of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in 
addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass exceeding 5 tonnes. ( Bus) 
N Power -driven  vehicles  having at least four wheels and used for the carriage of goods  
N1 Vehicles  used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass not exceeding 
3.5 tonnes. (Pick -up Truck,  Van) 
N2 Vehicles  used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 3.5 
tonnes but not exceeding 12 tonnes. (Commercial Truck)  
N3 Vehicles  used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 12 
tonnes. (Commercial Truck)  
O Trailers  (including semi –trailers)  
O1 Trailers  with a maximum mass not exceeding 0.75 tonnes.  
O2 Trailers  with a maximum mass exceeding 0.75 tonnes, but not exceeding 3.5 tonnes.  
O3 Trailers  with a maximum mass exceeding 3. 5 tonnes, but not exceeding 10 tonnes.  
O4 Trailers  with a maximum mass exceeding 10 tonnes.  
 Special purpose vehicle  
 Motor caravan, also  Campervan,  Motorhome.  
 Armored car (VIP),  Armored car (valuables)   
23 
  Ambulance  
 Hearse  
T Agricultural and Forestr y tractors  
 Non-road mobile machinery  
G Off-road vehicles  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DKS 1515: 2019  
24 
  
Annex B  
(normative)  
Environmental requirements (Exhaust emissions testing)  
 
The following tests s hall be carried out for conformity with environmental  requirements.  
 
B1. Test procedure for petrol powered vehicles  
 
B1.1  Visual Inspection (all vehicles)   — Once the preliminary checks have been completed, the tester will 
raise the engine speed to around 2 500 rpm, or half the maximum engine speed if this is lower.  The engine 
speed will be held steady for about 20 seconds then the engine will be allowed to return to its natural idle speed.  
Once the emissions have stabilized the tester will assess the smo ke emitted from the tailpipe.  If the exhaust is 
emitting dense blue or clearly visible black smoke then the vehicle will fail the test.  In exceptional cases, 
especially on certain vehicles manufactured before 1960, emissions of smoke are unavoidable due to the engine 
design and, consequently, these vehicles will not fail the test.  
 
B1.2  Standard Emissions Test — For vehicles first used on or after 1st August 1975, emissions will also 
be checked using an approved analyzer.  After completing the visual test , the tester will use the analyzer to 
assess the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in the exhaust gases by inserting a 
sample probe into the exhaust tailpipe.  The test is carried out with the engine at its normal idling speed and  the 
analyzer displays the results continuously.  Once a stabilized figure is achieved the tester will record the result.  
 
The vehicle must comply with the emissions limits set out in Tables 3 and 4.  
 
 
   
25 
 B2. Test procedure for diesel powered vehicles  
 
B2.1  Vehicles to be Tested  — This inspection shall apply to all diesel powered vehicles with four or more 
wheels.  
 
B2.2  Checks on the Vehicle Before the Test   —  As a general precaution motorists  and  vehicle  operators 
are advised to check  that the vehicle has enough engine oil, the coolant level is correctly topped -up, and there 
is enough fuel to carry out the test.  If defects are known or suspected before the test is carried out then it is 
advisable to seek advice from a qualified service engineer and hav e the defects rectified well in advance of the 
test appointment.  
 
Wherever possible vehicles should arrive at the test station with the engine at its normal operating temperature 
(i.e. after a drive of around 8 kilometres).  
 
Before carrying out the test fo r cars and light goods vehicles the tester must confirm that the engine is at its 
normal operating temperature.  In most cases, this will require the use of a temperature probe inserted into the 
dipstick tube.  The tester will also check that the engine ha s adequate oil and fuel to complete the test before 
proceeding.  In addition, the tester will check the condition of the camshaft drive belt (where visible) and the fuel 
injection pump (governor) anti -tampering seals.  
 
For vehicles with manual transmission  the test should be carried out with the gear lever in the ‘neutral’ position 
and with the clutch engaged.  For vehicles with automatic transmission the gear selector should be in either the 
‘neutral’ or ‘parking’ position.  
 
B2.3  Test Procedure  
 
B2.3.1  All private cars and light goods vehicles (< 3 500 kg)  
 
B2.3.1.1 Visual inspection   —  For vehicles first used before 1st August 1979, a visual test shall be carried out.  
The tester will check the smoke emissions by raising the engine speed to around 2 500 rp m or half the maximum 
engine speed if this is lower.  Once this speed has been reached and the engine stabilized for 20 seconds, the 
tester will then allow the engine to return to idle.  After letting the engine stabilize at this speed, the tester will 
assess the emissions from the exhaust tailpipe.  If the exhaust is emitting dense blue or clearly visible black 
smoke for a period of 5 seconds or more then the vehicle will failed the test.  However, vehicles manufactured 
before 1960, will not be failed if t he smoke is unavoidable due to the engine design.  
 
B2.3.1.2 Metered smoke test   —  For vehicles first used on or after 1st August 1979, a metered smoke test shall 
be carried out.  Before checking the smoke emission the tester will first ensure that the engi ne speed governor 
is functioning by increasing the engine speed to around 2 500 rpm or half the maximum engine speed if this 
lower.  Upon reaching this speed, the tester will hold the engine speed steady for 20 seconds then the engine 
speed will be slowly increased to check the operation of the fuel pump governor.  Where the engine speed 
stabilizes at its maximum speed, indicating that the governor is not working, the engine should be returned to 
idle speed.  Where it is clear that the governor is not worki ng, the engine should  be returned to idle speed and 
stopped, the smoke test will not be carried out and the tester will be unable to pass the vehicle.  
 
Provided that the preliminary checks are completed satisfactorily, the tester will next prepare  the sm oke meter 
and insert the sampling probe to the exhaust pipe.  
 
Having re -started the engine the tester will start the smoke test.  The smoke meter will indicate to the tester 
when to accelerate the engine and after 2 seconds have elapsed it will display a m essage telling the tester to 
release the throttle.  The meter will calculate the maximum smoke emission during the acceleration and display 
the result.  A further two accelerations will be requested by the meter.  
 
Provided that the average of the 3 tests i s on or below the appropriate limit in Table B.1, and the three results 
are within a certain tolerance of each other, then the vehicle will have passed the test.  The tester will stop the 
engine and remove the smoke meter probe from the tailpipe.  
 
Where th e average smoke emission at the end of the third acceleration exceeds the limit in Table B.1 then the 
meter will request further tests until either the average of the three preceding accelerations is on or below the 
limit in Table 5 or a maximum of six acc elerations have been completed.  In either case the tester will stop the 
test and remove the probe from the exhaust tailpipe.  
 DKS 1515: 2019  
26 
  
 
Table B.1 -- All diesel powered vehicles  
 
 
 
               Limit   
Maximum smoke value (absorption coefficient) 
measured under fr ee acceleration  
 
Vehicle Type   
Turbocharged Engines   
Naturally Aspirated 
Engines  
 
Passenger cars and 
light commercial 
vehicles (< 3 500 kg) 
and first used before 
1st August 1979   
 
 
Visual assessment   
 
 
Visual assessment  
Passenger cars and 
light commerci al 
vehicles – first used on 
or after 1  
August 1979 and 
before 1 July 2008  3.0 m-1 2.5 m -1 
Passenger cars and 
light commercial  
vehicles – first used on 
or after 1  
July 2008  1.5 m-1 2.5 m -1 
 
All other vehicles   
3.0 per metre   
2.5 per metre  
NOTE Date of first use as defined in the Traffic Act, Cap. 403 of the Laws of Kenya.  
 
 
As a final check the tester will assess visually whether the smoke  emitted from  the exhaust, regardless of 
measured smoke density, is likely to obscure the vision of other roads u sers.   If it is likely to do so, in the 
tester’s opinion, then the vehicle will fail the test.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
27 
 Annex C  
(normative)  
Test procedure for noise emitted by road vehicles  
 
C1. The vehicle shall be driven unladen and shall approach Line AA ( see Figure 1) at a steady road speed 
which corresponds to the engine speed of three quarters of the revolutions per minute at which (according to 
manufacturer) the engine develops its maximum power, under such gear ratio (excluding first gear in the case 
of vehicles fitted with more than three forward gears) that the road speed approaches 50 km/h as closely as 
possible.  When the front of the vehicle reaches the position in relation to the microphone, shown as AA in 
Figure 1, the throttle shall be fully opened  as rapidly as practicable and held there until the rear of the  vehicle 
reaches the position BB in Figure 1, when the throttle shall be closed as rapidly as possible.  This test shall be 
repeated with the vehicle travelling in the opposite direction.  
 
C1.1 Trailers, including the trailer portion or articulated vehicles, shall be ignored when considering the 
crossing of Line BB.  
 
C1.2  If the vehicle is fitted with more than two wheel drives, it shall be used in the drive which is intended for 
normal road us e. 
 
C1.3  If the vehicle is specially constructed with equipment (such as concrete mixers, compressors, pumps, 
etc.) which is used whilst the vehicle is in normal services on the road, the equipment should also be operating 
during the test.  
 
C2. In the case  of agricultural tractors, self -propelled agricultural machines, and motor cultivators, the 
vehicle shall approach Line AA ( see Figure 1) at a steady speed of three quarters of the maximum speed which 
can be achieved using the gearbox ratio which gives the  highest road speed.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DKS 1515: 2019  
28 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                    B                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                         
B 
 
 
                                                 7.5 m                                                   10 m  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                         10 m  
            
 
 
 
      A                      
  A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        c 
 
 
Figure  1 —  Measuring positions for measurements with various vehicles in motion  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C  
29 
 Annex D 
(normative)  
Preliminary inspection checklist for roadworthiness  
 
OWNER’S NAME: ……………………………………  ADDRESS:……………………….   TEL:…………  
MAKE OF VEHICLE:…………………………………  MODEL:…………………………..  
ENGINE CAPACITY:…………………………………  MILEAGE:………………………..  
MANUFACTURE DATE:…………………………….  REGISTRATION DATE:…………   
ENGINE No:………………………………………….  CHASSIS No:………… ………….  REG: No:……  
TYPE OF BODY:……………………………………..  SEATING/CARRYING CAPACITY:……………………...  
EXPIRY DATE OF CURRENT ROAD 
LICENCE:…………………………………………………………………………  
INSURANCE No:………………………………….   EXPIRY DATE:…………………………………………….  
 
STAGE 1.  BODY WORK (EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL)  
 
 
 
 
ITEMS   
AD 
ADVISORY DEFECTS   
 
D 
DELAYED PROHIBITION   
 
IM 
IMMEDIATE PROHIBITION  
 
Overall appearance     
 
Condition of paint     
 
Doors     
 
Windows     
 
Sunroof     
 
External mirrors     
 
Glasses     
 
Wipers and washers     
 
Seats     
 
Trim    DKS 1515: 2019  
30 
  
 
STAGE 1 .  BODY WORK (EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL) (continued ) 
 
 
ITEMS   
AD 
ADVISORY DEFECTS   
D 
DELAYED PROHIBITION   
IM 
IMMEDIATE PROHIBITION  
 
Safety belts  
    
 
Steering wheel  
    
 
Brake pedal  
    
 
Clutch pedal     
 
Parking brake lever     
 
Headlights     
 
Parking l ights     
 
Direction indicators     
 
Reversing light     
 
Courtesy light     
 
Rear number plate 
light    
 
Stop lights     
 
Front bumper     
 
Rear bumper     
 
Roof rack     
 
Antenna     
 
 
 
 
  
31 
  
STAGE 2.  CONDITION OF ENGINE COMPONENTS (STATIC), ENGINE COMPAR TMENT AND BOOT  
 
 
 
ITEMS   
AD 
ADVISORY DEFECTS   
D 
DELAYED PROHIBITION   
IM 
IMMEDIATE  PROHIBITION  
 
Bonnet     
 
Engine     
 
Battery     
 
Battery carrier     
 
Wiring harness     
 
Starter motor     
 
Alternator/Generator     
 
Radiator     
 
Radiator hoses     
 
Water pump     
 
Caburettor     
 
High tension cables     
 
A/C Condenser     
 
Power steering     
 
Brakes master 
cylinder     
 
Clutch master 
cylinder     
 
Brake steel  pipes     DKS 1515: 2019  
32 
  
STAGE 2.  CONDITION OF ENGINE COMPONENTS (STATIC), ENGINE  
COMPARTMENT AND BOOT   (continued ) 
 
 
 
ITEMS   
AD 
ADVISORY DEFECTS   
D 
DELAYED PROHIBITION   
IM 
IMMEDIATE PROHIBITION  
 
Fuel pipes     
 
Flexible brake pipes     
 
Windscreen washer 
bottle     
 
Boot lid     
 
Jack and handle  
    
 
Wheel wrench     
 
Tool-kit    
 
Life saver     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STAGE  3.  ENGINE FUNCTIONING (RUNING STATE)  
 
 
ITEMS   
P  
R  
REMARKS  
 
Radiator water      
33 
  
Engine oil     
 
Starting of engine     
 
Idle speed noises     
 
High speed noises     
 
Oil leaks     
 
Water leaks     
 
Cooling system function     
 
Engine o il pressure     
 
Charging system     
 
A/C operation     
 
Power steering 
operation     
 
Fuel pump     
 
Vacuum pump     
 
Engine stopper (diesel)     
 
Exhaust emission     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STAGE 4. (on pit)  UNDER BODY INSPECTION  
 
 
ITEMS   
P  
R  
REMARKS  
 
Laminated lea f springs     DKS 1515: 2019  
34 
  
U-bolts     
 
Spring bushes     
 
Spring pins     
 
Coil springs     
 
Front shock absorbers     
 
Rear shock absorbers     
 
Sub-frame mountings     
 
Engine mountings     
 
Gearbox mountings     
 
Stabilizer bar bushes     
 
Fuel tank     
 
Fuel line s    
 
Brake lines     
 
Exhaust system     
 
Transmission     
 
Steering box/rack     
 
 
 
 
 
 
STAGE 4. (on pit)  UNDER BODY INSPECTION (continued ) 
 
 
ITEMS   
P  
R  
REMARKS  
 
Chassis      
35 
  
Mono -block body     
 
Front sub -frame     
 
Rear sub -frame     
 
Front axle     
 
Rear axle     
 
2nd rear axle (where 
fitted)     
 
Wheel geometry     
 
 
 
 
TYRES  
 
 
LOCATION   
SIZE   
WEAR PATTERN   
TREAD DEPTH   
P  
R  
WHEEL RIMS  
 
FR LEFT        
 
FR RIGHT        
 
RR LEFT INNER        
 
RR LEFT OUTER        
 
RR RIGHT INNER        
 
RR RIGHT O UTER        
 
SPARE WHEEL        
 
REMARKS  
 
 
 
STAGE 5.  (on pit)   STEERING, SUSPENSIONS, FINAL DRIVE  
 
 
 
ITEMS  
  
P  
R  
REMARKS  
 
King-pin bushes     DKS 1515: 2019  
36 
  
Ball-joints     
 
Steering linkages     
 
Brake discs     
 
Calipers     
 
Front brake pipes     
 
Brake pad lif e    
 
Brake drums     
 
Wheel cylinders     
 
Rear oil seals     
 
Rear brake pipes     
 
Front L.H. driving shaft     
 
Front R.H. driving shaft     
 
Front differential     
 
Rear differential     
 
Transfer case     
 
Front propeller shaft     
 
 
 
 
STAGE 5.  (on  pit)  STEERING, SUSPENSIONS, FINAL DRIVE  (continued ) 
 
 
ITEMS   
P  
R  
REMARKS  
 
Centre bearing      
37 
  
Front oil seals     
 
Rear L.H. drive shaft     
 
Rear R.H. drive shaft     
 
Hand brake cables     
 
 
 
STAGE 6.  TEST DRIVE  
 
 
ITEMS   
P  
R  
REMARKS  
 
Driving s eat adjustments     
 
Driving performances     
 
Emergency brake     
 
Clutch performance     
 
Gear shift     
 
Steering stability     
 
Front suspension     
 
Rear suspension     
 
Gauges and instruments     
 
STAGE 6.  TEST DRIVE  (continued ) 
 
 
ITEMS   
P  
R  
REMARKS  
 
Odometer     
 
Heater   
  
  
 DKS 1515: 2019  
38 
  
Defroster     
 
Air-con    
 
Windscreen wipers     
 
Washers     
 
Horn     
 
Wheel alignment     
 
Parking brake     
 
 
RECOMMENDATIONS  
 
 
1. Approved for use on Kenya Roads   
 
2. To undergo corrective repairs    
 
3. Reject       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
39 
 Annex  E 
(informative)  
Emission levels for new road vehicles  
 
D.1  Passenger Vehicles Emission Standards  
 
Table D.1.1 -- EU emission standards for passenger cars (Category M1)  
 
Stage  Date  CO HC HC+NOx  NOx PM PN 
g/km #/km  
Positive Ignition (Gasoline)  
Euro 1†  1992.07  2.72 (3.16)  - 0.97 (1.13)  - - - 
Euro 2  1996.01  2.2 - 0.5 - - - 
Euro 3  2000.01  2.3 0.2 - 0.15 - - 
Euro 4  2005.01  1 0.1 - 0.08 - - 
Euro 5  2009.09  1 0.10 - 0.06 0.005  - 
Euro 6  2014.09  1 0.10 - 0.06 0.005 6.0×1011  
 
Table D.1.2 -- EU emission standards for passenger cars (Category M1)  
 
 
Stage  Date  CO HC HC+NOx  NOx PM PN 
g/km  #/km  
Compression Ignition (Diesel)  
Euro 1  1992.07  2.72 (3.16)  - 0.97 (1.13)  - 0.14 (0.18)  - 
Euro 2, IDI  1996.01  1 - 0.7 - 0.08 - 
Euro 2, DI  1996.01  1 - 0.9 - 0.1 - 
Euro 3  2000.01  0.64 - 0.56 0.5 0.05 - 
Euro 4  2005.01  0.5 - 0.3 0.25 0.025  - 
Euro 5a  2009.09  0.5 - 0.23 0.18 0.005  - 
Euro 5b  2011.09  0.5 - 0.23 0.18 0.005  6.0×1011 
Euro 6  2014.09  0.5 - 0.17 0.08 0.005  6.0×1011 
 
 
D.2  Light Commercial Vehicles Emission Standards  
 
Table D.2.1 -- Emission standards for light commercial vehicles  
Category  Stage Date  CO HC HC+NOx  NOx PM PN 
g/km  #/km  
Positive Ignition (Gasoline)  
N1, Class I  Euro 1  1994.1  2.72 - 0.97 - - - 
≤1305 kg  Euro 2  1998.01  2.2 - 0.5 - - - 
 Euro 3  2000.01  2.3 0.2 - 0.15 - - 
 Euro 4  2005.01  1 0.1 - 0.08 - - 
 Euro 5  2009.09  1 0.10g - 0.06 0.005  - DKS 1515: 2019  
40 
  Euro 6  2014.09  1 0.10 - 0.06 0.005  6.0×1011  
N1, Class 
II Euro 1  1994.1  5.17 - 1.4 - - - 
1305 -1760 
kg Euro 2  1998.01  4 - 0.65 - - - 
 Euro 3  2001.01  4.17 0.25 - 0.18 - - 
 Euro 4  2006.01  1.81 0.13 - 0.1 - - 
 Euro 5  2010.09  1.81 0.13 - 0.075  0.005  - 
 Euro 6  2015.09  1.81 0.13 - 0.075  0.005  6.0×1011  
N1, Class 
III Euro 1  1994.1  6.9 - 1.7 - - - 
>1760 kg  Euro 2  1998.01  5 - 0.8 - - - 
 Euro 3  2001.01  5.22 0.29 - 0.21 - - 
 Euro 4  2006.01  2.27 0.16 - 0.11 - - 
 Euro 5  2010.09  2.27 0.16 - 0.082  0.005  - 
 Euro 6  2015.09  2.27 0.16 - 0.082  0.005  6.0×1011  
N2 Euro 5  2010.09  2.27 0.16 - 0.082  0.005  - 
Euro 6  2015.09  2.27 0.16i - 0.082  0.005  6.0×1011  
 
Table D.2.2 -- Emission standards for light commercial vehicles  
 
Category  Stage Date  CO HC HC+NOx  NOx PM PN 
g/km  #/km  
Compression Ignition (Diesel)  
N1, Class  I Euro 1  1994.1  2.72 - 0.97 - 0.14 - 
≤1305 kg  Euro 2 IDI  1998.01  1 - 0.7 - 0.08 - 
  Euro 2 DI  1998.01  1 - 0.9 - 0.1 - 
  Euro 3  2000.01  0.64 - 0.56 0.5 0.05 - 
  Euro 4  2005.01  0.5 - 0.3 0.25 0.025  - 
  Euro 5a  2009.09  0.5 - 0.23 0.18 0.005  - 
  Euro 5b  2011.09  0.5 - 0.23 0.18 0.005  6.0×1011 
  Euro 6  2014.09  0.5 - 0.17 0.08 0.005  6.0×1011 
N1, Class 
II Euro 1  1994.1  5.17 - 1.4 - 0.19 - 
1305 -1760 
kg Euro 2 IDI  1998.01  1.25 - 1 - 0.12 - 
  Euro 2 DI  1998.01  1.25 - 1.3 - 0.14 - 
  Euro 3  2001.01  0.8 - 0.72 0.65 0.07 - 
  Euro 4  2006.01  0.63 - 0.39 0.33 0.04 - 
  Euro 5a  2010.09  0.63 - 0.295  0.235  0.005  - 
  Euro 5b  2011.09  0.63 - 0.295  0.235  0.005  6.0×1011 
  Euro 6  2015.09  0.63 - 0.195  0.105  0.005  6.0×1011 
N1, Class 
III Euro 1  1994.1  6.9 - 1.7 - 0.25 - 
>1760 kg  Euro 2 IDI  1998.01  1.5 - 1.2 - 0.17 - 
  Euro 2 DI  1998.01  1.5 - 1.6 - 0.2 -  
41 
   Euro 3  2001.01  0.95 - 0.86 0.78 0.1 - 
  Euro 4  2006.01  0.74 - 0.46 0.39 0.06 - 
  Euro 5a  2010.09  0.74 - 0.35 0.28 0.005  - 
  Euro 5b  2011.09  0.74 - 0.35 0.28 0.005  6.0×1011 
  Euro 6  2015 .09 0.74 - 0.215  0.125  0.005  6.0×1011 
N2 Euro 5a  2010.09  0.74 - 0.35 0.28 0.005  - 
Euro 5b  2011.09  0.74 - 0.35 0.28 0.005  6.0×1011 
Euro 6  2015.09  0.74 - 0.215  0.125  0.005f 6.0×1011 
 
 Table D.2.3 -- Euro norm emissions for category N3,  EDC, (2000 a nd up)  
 
 
Table D.2.4 ---Euro norm emissions for (older) ECE R49 cycle  
 
D.3  Heavy -duty truck and bus engines emission standards  
Table D.3.1 --- Emission standards for heavy -duty diesel engines: Steady -state testing  
Stage  Date  Test CO HC NOx PM PN Smoke  
g/kWh  1/kWh  1/m 
Euro I  1992, ≤  85 kW ECE 
R-49 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.612    
1992, >  85 kW 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36   
Euro II  1996.10  4.0 1.1 7.0 0.25   
1998.10  4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15   
Euro III  1999.10 EEV 
only ESC 
& EL
R 1.5 0.25 2.0 0.02  
0.15 
2000.10  2.1 0.66 5.0 0.10a  
0.8 Standard  Date  CO (g/kWh)  NOx (g/kWh)  HC (g/kWh)  PM 
(g/kWh)  
Euro 0  1988 –92 12.3 15.8 2.6 NA 
Euro I  1992 –95 4.9 9.0 1.23 0.40 
Euro II  1995 –99 4.0 7.0 1.1 0.15 
Euro III  1999 –2005  2.1 5.0 0.66 0.1 
Euro IV  2005 –08 1.5 3.5 0.46 0.02 
Euro V  2008 –12 1.5 2.0 0.46 0.02 
Standard  Date  CO (g/kWh)  NOx (g/kWh)  HC (g/kWh)  PM (g/kWh)  
Euro 0  1988 –92 11.2 14.4 2.4 NA 
Euro I  1992 –95 4.5 8.0 1.1 0.36 
Euro II  1995 –99 4.0 7.0 1.1 0.15 DKS 1515: 2019  
42 
 Euro IV  2005.10  1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02  
0.5 
Euro V  2008.10  1.5 0.46 2.0 0.02  
0.5 
Euro  VI 2013.01  WHS
C 1.5 0.13 0.40 0.01 8.0×1011  
a - PM = 0.13 g/kWh for engines < 0.75 dm3 swept volume per cylinder and a rated power speed > 
3000 min-1 
 
Table D.3.2 -- Emission standards for heavy -duty diesel and gas engines: Transient tes ting 
Stage  Date  Test CO NMHC  CH4a NOx PMb PNe 
g/kWh  1/kWh  
Euro III  1999.10 
EEV only  ETC 3.0 0.40 0.65 2.0 0.02  
2000.10  5.45 0.78 1.6 5.0 0.16c  
Euro IV  2005.10  4.0 0.55 1.1 3.5 0.03  
Euro V  2008.10  4.0 0.55 1.1 2.0 0.03  
Euro VI  2013.01  WHTC  4.0 0.16d 0.5 0.46 0.01 6.0×1011 
a - for gas engines only (Euro III -V: NG only; Euro VI: NG + LPG)  
b - not applicable for gas fueled engines at the Euro III -IV stages  
c - PM = 0.21 g/kWh for engines < 0.75 dm3 swept volume per cylinder and a rated power speed > 3000 
min-1 
d - THC for diesel engines  
e - for diesel engines; PN limit for positive ignition engines TBD