KENYA STANDARD            DKS 2691:2016  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
     
   
 
  Guidelines for utilization and disposal of           
 
   solid wastes from integrated steel plants 
 
     
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
© KEBS 2016             First Edition 2016 
  
 
  
ii                             © KEBS 2015 — All rights reserved   
       
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION 
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee: 
 Government Chemist 
Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI) 
National Environmental and Management Authority (NEMA) Radiation Protection Board 
Occupational Health and Safety Services 
Pest Control and Products Board Consumer Information Network  
Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate (KEPHIS) 
Agrochemical Association of Kenya Nairobi Hospital 
Radiation protection Board 
University of Nairobi — Chemistry Department Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
                                                   
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS 
 
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improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are 
welcome.  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
©Kenya Bureau of Standards, 2015 
 Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 12 of 2001  of  the Laws of Kenya, copyrig ht subsists in 
all Kenya Standards and except as provi ded under Section 26 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bureau of Standard s may 
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© KEBS 2015 — All rights reserved                    iii  
 
 
KENYA STANDARD                      DKS 2691:2016 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
Guidelines for utilization and disposal of solid            
 
     wastes from integrated steel plants  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
KENYA BUREAU OF ST ANDARDS (KEBS) 
 
Head Office:  P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi-00200, Tel.: (+254 020) 605490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020)  604031 
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iv                             © KEBS 2015 — All rights reserved   
 Foreword 
 
This Kenya Standard has been prepared by the Technical Committee on  Waste under the guidance of the 
Standards Projects Committee, and it is in accordance with the procedures of the Kenya Bureau of Standards.   
The Iron and Steel industry in Kenya forms about 13 percent of the manufacturing sector, which in turn contributes significantly to the GDP.  
In any industry when basic raw materials are processed, along with the main products some other materials  
are also produced.  
Depending on the characteristics of these materials some of them, called by-products, may be economically used  
either in the same industry or in another industry, whereas the rest, called wastes, are totally discarded.  Dumping sites of the solid wastes preferred for recycle should be located adjacent to the recycle process  
units.  
For example, solid wastes which are to be recycled to sintering plant should be dumped in close proximity to  the sintering plant for effective recycling 
In the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following documents 
 IS 10447 Guidelines  for utilization an d disposal of solid  wastes from int egrated st eel plants.  
 
Acknowledgement is hereby made for the assistance received from these sources. 
 
 
.KENYA STANDARD              CD/CHEM/108/2015  
 1 
Guidelines for utilization and disposal of solid            
 
     Wastes from integrated steel plants  
 
1 Scope 
1.1 This standard prescribes guidelines for the present and possible future uses of the solid wastes generated in 
an integrated steel plant. Amount of generation and char acteristics of these wastes have also been given. 
1.2 This standard does not cover wastes generated at mines and collieries. 
It also does not include spillage at various stages of proc essing which is recycled into the system, for example, 
dust at coke ovens, sinter plant,etc, and also wastes generated in small quantities like dust from open hearth 
furnaces and sludge from water softening plants 
. 
2. Terminology and sources of wastes 
 
2.1 Blast Furnace Gas Cleaning Plant Sludge - These are finer particles of dust finally removed from the blast 
furnace gas in the gas cleaning plant. 
2.2 Blast Furnace Slag - This is the waste material, consisting mainly of CaO, SiO,, AlaOs and MgO, coming 
out of the iron making blast furnaces. It is originally in liquid form but is finally disposed off as a solid 
after cooling. 
2.3 Bottom Ash - The coal used in the grate type boilers, after combustion, turns into clinker form which is 
known as bottom ash. 
2.4 Coal Tar Sludge - This material collects below the tar in the coke ovens by-product plant. It is a soft solid 
mass which turns into fluid at a temperature around 75430°C. 2.5 Fines and Dust from Cakining Plant - These fines are generated during the processing of dolomite for the 
supply of sized material to steel melting shops. Lime  and dolo dust are also generated during calcination 
of lime stone and dolomite in the kilns. 2.6 FlueDust - The gas emitted by a blast furnace is laden with du st as it comes out of the furnace. During the 
gas cleaning process, the coarser particles, collected in the dust catcher, are called flue dust. 
2.7 Fly Ash- Fly ash is a finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of ground of powdered coal and 
carried along with the flue gases of boilers fired by pulverized coal. 
2.8 Foundry Wastes 
a) Foundry Sand - Large amount of used silica sand, a part of which is burnt, generated as a waste in the 
foundry. 
b) Cupola and Electric Furnace Slag - A slag generated during cupola or electrical furnace melting. 
2.9 Mill&ale- While steel ingots or other sections are heated in soakingpits or reheating furnaces before rolling, 
the outer skin of t he material is oxidised. The ox idised layer, called mill scale, drops down  in the furnaces 
or under the rolling table. 2.10 Slimes - During crushing and washing of iron ore within the steel plant for improving its quality and size, 
finer Yfraction ( less than 200 urn ) is carried away by water in the form of slurry ‘into a pond. These fine 
particles of iron ore are called slimes. 2.11 LD Converter/Open Hearth Slag -This material is generated during conversion of iron into steel in a steel 
making furnace. 
2.12 Wastes from Refractories -Used broken bricks are generated during breaking of the refractory liningfor 
rebuilding various furnaces.Dusts of various refractory materials are produced during the manufacture 
of refractory mortars or bricks in integrated steel plants. 
3. SOLID WASTES The characteristics, quantity, and possible uses of the vari ous solid wastes generated in an integrated steel plant 
are given in Table 1. 
 
 
   
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