KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Standard test method for peel adhesion of 
pressure -sensitive autoclaving tape  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
  
 
 
 
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE  REPRESENTATION  
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:  
 
Nursing Council  of Kenya  
Ministry of Health  
Government Chemist 's Department  
Coast Provincial Hospital  
County of Nairobi  
Association for the Physically Disabled of Kenya  
CHAK  
Kenyatta National Hospital  
Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISION OF KENYA STAND ARDS  
 
In order to keep abreast of progress  in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly reviewed.  Suggestions 
for improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, 
are welcome.     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© Kenya Bureau of Standards, 2018 
 
Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of section 6 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 130 of the laws of Kenya, copyright subs ists in 
all Kenya Standards and except as provided under section 7 of this act, no Kenya Standard produc ed by Kenya Bureau of 
Standards may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in  
writing from the Managing Director.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
  
KENYA STANDARD            KS 256 3: 2018 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Standar d test method for peel adhesion of 
pressure -sensitive autoclaving tape  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS)  
 
Head  Office:  P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi -00200, Tel.: (+254  020) 605490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020)  604031  
E-Mail: info@kebs.org,  Web:htt p://www.kebs.org   
 
 
Coast Region     Lake Region          Rift Valley  Region  
P.O. Box 99376, Mombasa -80100   P.O. Box 2949, Kisumu -40100        P.O. Box 2138, Nakuru -20100  
Tel.: (+254  041) 229563, 230939/40  Tel.: (+254 057) 23549, 22396        Tel.: (+254 051)  210553, 210555  
Fax: (+254  041) 229448    Fax: (+254 057) 21814               
 
 
FOREWORD  
 KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
  
Foreward  
Kenya Bureau of Standards is a national standards bod y (NSB). The work of preparing Kenya  Standards 
is normally carried out through national  technical commit tees. Each member body interested in a subject 
for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. 
National  organizations, governmental and non -governmental, in liaison with KEBS , also take part in the 
work.  
Kenya  Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the KS ISO/IEC  Directives, Part  2. 
The main task of technical committees is to prepare National  Standards. Draft Kenya  Standards adopted 
by the technical committees are circulated to th e technical committee member s for ballo ting. Publication 
as a Kenya  Standard requires approval by at least 2/3 of the member s casting a vote.  
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of 
patent righ ts. KEBS  shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
This Kenya Standard  was prepared by Technical Committee KEBS /TC 136, Medical Tools, devices and 
Equipment . 
During the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following documents:  
Guide ASTM D5750/D5750M.   
The assistance derived from th is publication is hereby acknowledged.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
  
 
Standard test method for peel adhesion of pressure -sensitive 
autoclaving tape  
 
 
1  Scope  
 
1.1  This Kenya  Standard  prescribes  test methods for measurement of the peel adhesion of pressure -
sensitive Autoclaving tapes . 
 
1.1.1  Test m ethod A gives a measure of the adherence, when peeled at 180° angle, to a standard steel 
panel or to other surface of interest for  a single -coated tape.  
 
1.1.2   Test m ethod B gives a measure of the adherence to the backing of a single -coated tape.  
 
1.1.3   Test m ethod C gives a measure of the adherence of double -coated tape to a standard steel panel 
or other surface of interest.  
 
1.1.4  Test m ethod D gives a measure of the adherence of the release liner to the adhesive of either 
single - or double -coated tape.  
 
1.1.5   Test m ethod E gives a measure of the adherence of an adhesive transfer tape to a standard steel 
panel or other surface o f interest.  
 
1.1.6  Test m ethod F gives a measure of the adherence, when peeled at 90° angle, to a standard steel 
panel or other surface of interest for a single -coated tape.  
 
1.2  These Kenya Standard  test methods provide a means of assessing the uniformit y of the adhesion 
of a given type of pressure -sensitive adhesive tape. The assessment may be within a roll of tape, 
between rolls, or between production lots.  
 
1.3  Variations in either the tape backing or the adhesive, or both, affect the response. Theref ore, 
these test methods cannot be used to pinpoint the specific cause(s) of non -uniformity.  
 
1.4  These test methods may not be appropriate to test tapes having relatively stiff backings, stiff 
liners, or backings showing high stretch at low forces. These characteristics will result in a high variability 
for the test response which is not a true indication of the real nature of the adhesive bond.  
 
1.5  Values stated in either SI or inch -pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The 
values state d in each  system may not be exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used 
independently without combining values in any way.  
 
2  Application  
 
This Kenya Standard  does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its 
use. It is the  responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices 
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
 
 
3  Summary of test m ethod  
 
 
 KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
 3.1  Test m ethod A  — Single -coated tapes, peel adhesion at 180° angle  
 
A strip of tape is applied to a standard test panel (or other surface of interest) with controlled pressure. 
The tape is peeled from the panel at 180° angle at a specified rate, during which time the force required 
to effect pe el is measured.  
 
3.2  Test m ethod B  — Adhesion to backing, single -coated t apes  
 
A strip of the tape under test is applied to a rigid panel.  A strip of the tape under test is applied to the 
backing of the first strip of tape and tested for peel  adhesion as described in Test m ethod A.  
 
3.3  Test method C  
 
Double -coated t apes : 
 
3.3.1  Face s ide adhesion  
 
The double -coated tape is adhered to a stainless steel panel (or other surface of interest),  liner side up. 
The liner is removed and the exposed adhesive cove red with a strip of 0.025 -mm thick polyester film. The 
resulting tape is then tested as d escribed in Test m ethod A.  
 
3.3.2  Liner side adhesion   
 
The face side adhesive is adhered to a 0.025 -mm polyester film. The liner is  
removed and the tape is applied a dhesive down to a stainless steel panel (or other surface of interest). 
Testing is conducted as described in Test Method A.  
 
3.4  Test method D  
 
Adhesion to l iner — The tape is adhered to a standard steel test panel with the liner side up. The liner is 
peeled from the adhesive in the same manner as in peeling a single -coated tape from a standa rd panel 
as described in Test m ethod A.  
 
3.5  Test method  E 
 
Adhesion of adhesive transfer tapes : 
 
3.5.1  Face s ide 
 
The tape is adhered to a standard panel (or other surface of interest). The liner is removed and a 0.025 -
mm thick strip of polyester is adhered to form a film -backed strip of tape. The adhesion is  measured as 
described in Test m ethod A.  
 
3.5.2  Linear s ide 
 
The transfer tape is applied to a strip of 0.025 -mm thick polyester film, the liner is removed and the 
resulting tape’s adhesion is measured as desc ribed in Test m ethod A.  
 
3.6  Test m ethod F  — Single -coated  tapes, 90° peel  
 
A strip of tape is applied to a standard test panel (or other surface of intere st) with controlled pressure. 
The tape is peeled from the panel at 90° angle at a specified rate, during which time the force required to 
effect peel is measured.  
 
 KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
 4  Significance and u se 
 
4.1  These test methods are tools for quality assurance use. Given  specific pressure -sensitive tape 
and a requirement in terms of the minimum or maximum peel value expected for this tape, the data from 
the test can be used in conjunction with acceptance criteria.  
 
4.2  Test m ethod s A, B, C, E, or F can show the relative bond strength of a given tape to one or more 
surfaces (material and texture) as compared to the standard stainless steel panel. Substitution of 
representative samples of materials in question for the standard steel panel would suffice to do this.  
 
4.3  Test methods A, B, C, E or F cannot be used to compare two pressure -sensitive tapes of the 
same type but of different manufacture for their ability to adhere to a surface. This is because the 
measured peel force is not normalized for a fixed area of stress. T he area under stress varies with 
backing stiffness and adhesive rheology (firmness). Two different tapes seldom agree in these properties.  
 
4.4  Test Method D can show the amount of force required to remove a liner that covers the adhesive 
side of a tape a t a specified peel rate. The force will be different at other peel rates.  
 
4.5  These test methods may not provide design information as there is usually no direct relationship 
between peel adhesion and any functional requirement.  
 
5  Apparatus  
 
5.1  Spec imen c utter  
 
The specimen cutter shall hold two single -edged razor blades in parallel planes, a precise distance apart, 
to form a cutter of exact specimens widths. Two cutters, 12 -mm and 24 -mm  cutting width, shall be 
available. Appropriate alternates whic h will not cause edge damage may be used.  
 
NOTE  1.  These widths correspond to the primary metric (SI) units described in Guide ASTM D5750/D5750M.  These so -called 
“modular metric”  units are used throughout the world, except for Europe. If it is desirable t o test slightly different widths (for example, 
25 mm) of specimens than  those described in 9.1, this should be noted (see 18.1.7 ) and calculations  must also account for the 
difference (see 17.1). 
 
NOTE 2.  The 12 -mm cutter  shall consist of a 12 -mm thick  by 220 -mm  length aluminum bar stock 12 -mm  wide. The edges for 
about 125 mm  from one end shall be slightly rounded to form a handle. The width of the bar for 75 mm  from the opposite end shall 
be narrowed to exactly 12 mm  minus the thickness of a single razor blade (one of two used as cutting edges). The razor blades 
shall be held in position using side plates. The end of the cutter shall be cut away at 45° angle to expose the cutting edge at one end 
of the blades. The edges shall be separated by 12 6 0.1 0 mm. The 24 -mm cutter  shall follow the same description except the bar 
stock shall be 24.0 mm and  shall be narrowed exactly 24 mm minus  the thickness of a single razor blade.  
 
5.2  Dispensing s ystem  
 
For solvents, such as a wash bottle.  
 
5.3  Panel  
 
A sta inless steel panel, 50 by 125 mm no less than 1 .1 mm thickness, conforming to t ype 302 or 304 of 
specification A666 , having a bright annealed finish. The surface roughness height shall be 50 ± 25 nm 
arithmetical  average deviation from the mean line. Panels  showing stains, discoloration, or many 
scratches are not acceptable. New panels should be cleaned prior to use as described in 11.1, except 
with ten washes of the final solvent. Between uses, the panel test surface shall be protected from 
scratches and co ntamination, and the panels stored at conditions described in Section 10. 
 
5.4  Roller  
 
Mechanically or hand operated.  KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
  
5.4.1  A steel roller 85 ± 2.5 mm  in diameter and 45 6 1.5 mm  in width, covered with  rubber 
approximately 6 mm in thickness, having a  Shore scale A durometer hardness of 80 ± 5. The surface 
shall be a true cylinder void of any convex or concave deviations.  
 
The mass of the roller shall be 2040 ± 45 g.  
 
5.4.2  No part of the apparatus shall increase the mass of the roller during use. The roller shall move 
either mechanically or by hand at the rate of 10 6 0.5 mm/s. A mechanically operated roller is 
recommended for referee purposes.  
 
NOTE 3.  A simple check to determine if the rubber surface is cylindrical is to wrap the roller in a very thi n paper (onionskin) and 
drag it across a flat glass plate on which is placed carbon paper, face up. The carbon rubs off onto the thin paper wrapper to rev eal 
high spots or hollows on the rubber surface.  
 
5.5  Adhesion t ester  
 
A constant -rate-of-extension ( CRE) tension tester shall be used. It is proposed to use an electronic 
machine taking at least one reading per mm of tape peeled. The tester shall have two clamps with 
centers in the same plane, parallel with the direction of the motion on the stressing cl amp, and so aligned 
that they will hold the specimen wholly in the same plane; a means of moving the stressing clamp at a 
uniform rate of 5.0 ± 0.2 mm/s and a device for recording load. The instrument shall be calibrated to an 
accuracy of 0.5 % of full sca le and the scale range used for any test shall be such that the mean test level 
falls within 20 to 80 % of full scale.  
 
5.6  Fixture  
 
90° peel for Test Method F.  
 
6  Reagents and m aterials  
 
6.1 Purity of r eagents  
 
Reagent grade chemicals should be used in  all tests. Other grades may be used, provided it is first 
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening accuracy of the 
determination.  
 
6.2 Solvents  
 
6.2.1  Any of the following solvents may be used for cl eaning:  
 
6.2.1.1   Diactone alcohol non -residual, technical grade or better,  
 
6.2.1.2   Methanol (95 %),  
 
6.2.1.3   Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK),  
 
6.2.1.4   n-Heptane, or  
 
6.2.1.5   Acetone.  
 
6.2.2  For referee testing, the final cleaning shall be with MEK or acet one. 
 
6.2.3  Before selecting or using these solvents for cleaning test panels, be sure to read and follow all 
precautions on the chemical Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and con sult with Environmental, Health  
and Safety (EHS) professionals.  KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
  
6.3  Clean ing m aterial  
 
Absorbent, surgical gauze, cotton wool or tissue may be used. To be suitable, materials must be lint -free 
during use, absorbent, contain no additives that are soluble in the solvents listed in 7.2 and made 
exclusively from virgin materials.  
 
7  Sampling  
 
7.1  Acceptance s ampling  
 
Sampling shall be in accordance with CD 12/SERV/2014, clause 5.1.1.  
 
7.2  Sampling f or other p urposes  
 
The sampling and the number of test specimens depends on the purpose of the  testing. It is common to 
test at least  five specimens of a particular tape. Test specimens should be taken from several rolls of 
tape, and whenever possible, among several production runs of tape. Strong conclusions about a specific 
property of a tape cannot be based on tests of a single unit (roll) of a product.  
 
8  Test s pecimen  
 
9.1  The specimen shall be 24 mm wide. If the specimen is of a different width, refer to Note 5 . A 
tolerance of  60.5 mm shall be allowed. The length shall be approximately 300 mm.  
 
9.2  Discard at least three but no more than six outer wraps of tape from the sample roll before taking 
the specimens for testing.  
 
9.3  Remove one specimen per sample roll for each test to be performed. Remove the specimen from 
a freely rotating roll at the rate of 500  mm/s  to 750 mm/s. Wh ere width or other factors causing a high 
adherence to backing makes it impossible to remove the specimen at the prescribed rate, remove it at a 
rate as close to 500 mm/s as possible.  
 
9.4  When tape is wider than 24 mm, specimens of the widest specified w idth are to be cut from the 
center of a strip removed from the roll in accordance with 9.3. 
 
9.5 Apply specimen within 5 min after unwinding.  
 
10  Conditioning  
 
10.1  Condition the sample rolls of tape at 23 ± 2 ºC and 50 ± 5 % RH for at least 24 h prior t o testing. 
Place the rolls of tape and the test surface so that the conditioning atmosphere has access to all normally 
exposed surfaces.  
 
10.2  Conduct all test in standard atmosphere.  
 
Warning : The tester should know that by prolonged handling heat is tra nsmitted to the stainless steel test 
panel.  (Therefore, during and after application of the adhesive tape to the test panel, the panel should be 
handled as little as possible.)  
 
 
11  Test m ethod A  — Single -coated tapes at 180° angle  
 
11.1  Dispense one of the solvents listed in 7.2.1  onto the panel, wiping it to dryness with fresh 
absorbent cleaning  material. Repeat for a total of three washes with this solvent. The panel shall be KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
 allowed to dry at standard conditions for at least 10 min. If cleaned panel i s not used within 10 h, it should 
be re -cleaned.  
 
NOTE 4 .. Discard panels showing stains, discoloration, or many scratches. Avoid contacting panel surface with fingers. During 
storage,  panels should be protected from damage or contamination.  
 
11.2  Remove a 300 -mm specimen of the tape to be tested, as described in 9.3. Fold 12 mm at one 
end, adhesive to adhesive to form a tab. Touch other end of the specimen to an end of the test panel. 
Hold the other end of the specimen so that it does not make contact wit h the panel but is positioned 
loosely above it. Roll mechanically or by hand  twice in each lengthwise direction, causing the roller to 
apply  the tape to the panel. This prevents entrapment of air between  the adhesive and the panel. Should 
this occur, disca rd the  
 
NOTE 5.  Here the width of the specimen is less than 24 mm [1 in.], prior to applying test specimen, apply a strip or strips of the 
tape, to give an equivalent width of 24 mm [1 in.] for rolling purposes or use roller of appropriate weight to obtain  a line pressure 
equal to 2040 g  for 24 mm width 635 %.  
 
11.3  Individually prepare each specimen and test within 1  min. 
 
NOTE 6.  Longer dwell time will give different results. Peel adhesion increases  with dwell time at different rates for various tapes. A 
longer dwell time may be chosen purposely.  
 
11.4  Double back the folded end of the tape at an angle of 180° and peel 25 mm of the tape from the 
panel. Clamp that end of the panel into the movable jaw of the adhesion testing machine and the free end 
of the tape into the other jaw.  
 
Operate the movable jaw at 5.0 6 0.2 mm/s.  
 
11.5  After the movable jaw is started in motion, disregard the values obtained while the first 25 mm of 
tape is  mechanically peeled. Use the average force obtained during peeling of the next 50 mm as the 
adhesion value.  
 
12  Test m ethod B  — Adhesion to backing of single -coated tapes  
 
12.1  Apply a sample of the tape under test to a rigid panel such as the standard stainless steel panel. 
Roll firmly. Apply a second strip of the tape to  the backing of the strip on the test panel as described in 
11.2 taking care to align the edges of the second specimen with those of the strip in the test panel.  
 
Complete testing as described in 11.3 — 11.5.  
 
 
13 Test m ethod C  — Adhesion of double -coated tape 
 
13.1  Face s ide 
 
Follow the procedure of 11.1 — 11.3,  then remove the liner and superimpose on the test strip a strip of  
nominal 0.025 -mm thick polyester film, as wide as or slightly wider than the double -coated tape. Apply 
this film in the manner of  applying the double -coated test strip to the panel so that the roller makes the 
actual application of the film to the double -coated tape.  
 
NOTE 7 . The two passes of the roller in applying polyester film may be made using the hand roller. The rolling rate may be 
increased to 50 mm/s. Continue in accordance with 11.4 and 11.5.  
 
 
 
 
 KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
 13.2 Liner s ide 
 
Adhere the face side of the specimen to a strip of nominal 0.025 -mm thick polyester film in the manner 
described in 11.2 so that the roller makes actual applicati on of the tape to the film. Trim the film to be as 
wide as or slightly wider than the tape. Remove the liner. C ontinue in accordance with 11.1 — 11.5.  
 
14 Test m ethod D  — Adhesion to liner of double -coated and single -coated 
tapes  
 
14.1  Double -coated t apes  
 
Follow 11.1.  Apply 125 mm of one end of the specimen to the panel with the adhesive side (face side) 
down. Make four passes with the roller, twice in each direction at a rate of 10 6 0.5 mm/s.  
 
Separate the liner from the tape at the free end and cut awa y the free tape. Do not disturb the line 
adhered to the tape on the panel. Double back the liner and proceed in accordance with 11.4 and 11.5.  
 
14.2  Single -coated t apes  
 
Follow 11.1, apply a strip of double -coated tape as wide as the specimen, the full le ngth of the panel. 
Remove the liner from the single -coated tape. Superimpose 125 mm of one end of the specimen,  backing 
side down, against the double -coated tape on the panel. Make four passes with the roller, twice in each 
direction at a rate of 10 6 0.5 mm/s. Separate the liner from the tape at the free end and cut away the free 
tape.  
 
Do not disturb the liner adhered to the tape on the panel.  
 
Double back the liner and proceed in accordance with 11.4 and 11.5.  
 
15 Test m ethod E  — Adhesion of adhesive tra nsfer t apes  
 
15.1  Face s ide 
 
Follow procedure of 11.1 — 11.3, then remove the liner and superimpose on the test strip a strip of  
nominal 0.025 -mm thick polyester film, as wide as or slightly wider than the adhesive transfer tape. Apply 
this film in the ma nner of applying described in 11.2 so that the roller makes the actual application of the 
film to the adhesive transfer tape. Proceed as described in 11.4 and 11.5.  
 
15.2  Liner s ide 
 
Apply to the face side of the adhesive transfer tape a trip of nominal 0 .025-mm thick  polyester film. Make 
two passes of the roller using a hand roller of the same size. The roller rate may be increased to 50 mm/s. 
Remove the liner from the tape and apply to a standard test panel as described in 11.2 and 11.3. Proceed 
as descr ibed in 11.4 and 11.5.  
 
NOTE 8.  In spite of its apparent simplicity, the use of this test method is rather delicate and involves the use of great care in 
following the  procedure as written to give coherent and identical results between one laboratory and a nother, as well as between 
one operator and another.  
 
16  Test m ethod F  — Single coated tapes at 90° a ngle 
 
16.1  Prepare specimen for testing as described in 11.1 — 11.3.  
 
16.2  Double back the folded end of the tape at a 90° angle and peel 25 mm of the t ape from the panel. 
Place the panel into a fixture clamped to the moving jaw of the adhesion tester so that it will maintain a KENYA STANDARD   KS 2563:2018  
© KEBS 201 8   First Edition 201 8 
 peeling angle at 90° during the peeling of the next 75 mm of tape and the free end of the tape into the 
other jaw. Operate the mo ving jaw at 5.0 6 0.2 mm/s.  
 
16.3  Proceed as described in 11.5.  
 
17  Calculation  
 
17.1  In the inch -pound system, if observed pull value is not in Newtons (N), convert to N per 10 mm 
by converting the pull value to N and dividing by the width of the tape,  mm, and multiplying by 10. In the 
English System, if the observed value is not in ounces, convert to ounces and divide by the specimen 
width.  
 
18  Report  
 
18.1  Report the following information:  
 
18.1.1   Statement that these test methods were used and ind ication of any deviations f rom the test 
methods as written.  
 
18.1.2   Identification of the source of each roll of tape tested, 18.1.3 Description of any anomalous 
behavior during testing (such as adhesiv e transfer or splitting).  
 
18.1.4   Peel adhesion valu e, N/10 mm to the nearest 0.1 N/10 mm. Use actual specimen  width in 
calculations,  
 
18.1.5  Identification of the test method used (A, B, C, D or  E) and, if C or E, whether face side or liner 
side.  
 
18.1.6   Dwell time, if less or greater than the standard 1 min. 
 
18.1.7   Test specimen widths, if different from 9.1, and 
 
18.1.8   Conditions of test, if other than 23 61°C or 50 65 % RH.  
 
19  Precision and b ias 
 
19.1 Summary  
 
The difference between two single observations  should not exceed 18.8 % of the average o f the two  
observations in 95 out of 100 cases when both observations are  taken by the same well -trained operator 
using the same piece of  test equipment and the specimens randomly drawn from the  same sample of 
material. Larger differences may occur under  all other circumstances. The true value of peel adhesion at 
180° angle can only be defined in terms of a specified test method.  
 
Within this limitation, test m ethod  has no known bias.  
 
NOTE 9  Of the six methods in these test methods only Test Method A  was u sed in determining the precision. It is believed that the 
precision for  the other test methods would be similar. It would probably not apply to  Test m ethod C.