WT/REG368/1  
6 July 2018  
(18-4256) Page: 1/44 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements    
 
FACTUAL PRESENTATION  
ACCESSION OF SEYCHEL LES TO THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)  
TRADE PROTOCOL  
(GOODS ) 
Report by the Secretariat  
This report, prepared for the consideration of the Accession of Seychelles to the 
Southern African Development Community (SADC)  Trade Protocol , has been drawn up 
by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility and in full consultation with the 
Parties. The factual presentation reproduces as closely as possible the terminology 
used in the Agreement and in the comments provided and does not imply official 
endorsement or acceptance by the Secretariat of such terminology. The report has 
been drawn up in accordance with the rules and procedures contained in the Decision 
for a Transparency Mechanism for Regio nal Trade Agreements (WT/L/671) and thus 
does not imply any value judgement by the Secretariat regarding the contents of the 
Agreement.  
Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Jo-Ann Crawford 
(tel: +41 22 739 5422) . Any statist ical questions arising from this report may be 
addressed to Rowena Cabos (tel: +41 22 739 5185 ). 
 
 
  WT/REG368 /1 
- 2 - 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS  
 
Page 
1   TRADE ENVIRONMENT  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3 
2   CHARACTERISTIC ELEME NTS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ ....................  13 
2.1   Background Information  ................................ ................................ .............................. 13 
3   PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  ................................ ................................ ...........  13 
3.1   Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions ................................ .................. 13 
3.1.1    Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  ................................ ................................ ......... 13 
3.1.2    Tariff rate quotas  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....24 
3.2   Regulatory Provisions of the Agreement  ................................ ................................ ........ 24 
4   GENERAL PROVISIONS O F THE AGREEMENT  ................................ .............................  25 
4.1   Relationship with other agreements concluded by the Parties  ................................ ........... 25 
ANNEX 1  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  27 
 
 
  WT/REG368 /1 
- 3 - 
 
 
   
Key Facts  
 
Parties to the Agreement:  Seychelles - members of the 
SADC Trade Protocol  – Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, 
Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini , 
Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe  
 
Date of Signature:    1 April  2015 
 
Date of Entry into F orce:  25 May  2015 
 
Date of Notification:   8 January 2016  
 
Full implementation:   1 January 2026  
 
 
 
1  TRADE ENVIRONMENT  
1.1.  Seychelles became a member of Southern African Development Community (SADC)  in 
September 1997, but withdrew in 2004. In 2008 the Seychelles was readmitted to SADC and 
became party to the SADC Trade Protocol in May 2015. Of the fifteen countries that are members 
of SADC, two (Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo) have not y et implemented the SADC 
Protocol on Trade  and thus are not members of the SADC free trade area . Madagascar is a 
signatory to  the SADC Trade Protocol but its accession to SADC has not been notified to the WTO.  
1.2.  The Seychelles is a party to  three RTAs notifie d to the WTO including its accession to the 
Southern African Development Community (SADC).1 The Seychelles is smaller than its SADC 
partners in terms of GDP (2016) but has a much higher trade to GDP ratio for the period 2014 -
2016 (Table 1.1) . South Africa is by far the largest of the SADC countries in terms of  its GDP 
(2016) which is more than double the combined total of other SADC countries. In 2016 t he 
Seychelles ran a global merchandise trade deficit , as did all of its SADC partners except Botswana 
and Eswatini .  
Table 1.1 SADC Members' Merchandise Trade Profiles  
Member  Merchandise trade - 2016  Rank in world 
trade - 2014  GDP 
US$ 
billion 
(2016)  Trade to 
GDP 
ratio – 
2014 -16 Exports 
US$ 
billion  % world 
exports  Imports 
US$ 
billion  % world 
imports  Exports  Imports  
Botswana  7.4 0.05 6.1 0.04 68 89 15.1 52.0 
Lesotho  0.9 0.01 1.8 0.01 125 125 2.3 60.1 
Malawi  1.0 0.01 2.4 0.01 122 114 5.5 34.7 
Mauritius  2.4 0.01 4.7 0.03 101 100 11.9 52.4 
Mozambique  3.4 0.02 5.3 0.03 91 92 11.3 49.7 
Namibia  4.4 0.03 6.4 0.04 87 88 10.6 53.9 
Seychelles  0.4 0.00 1.0 0.01 136 141 1.4 103.1  
South Africa  75.1 0.47 91.6 0.56 24 23 294.1  31.2 
Eswatini  1.4 0.01 1.3 0.01 112 135 3.8 47.7 
Tanzania  5.1 0.03 9.6 0.06 78 71 47.2 22.7 
Zambia  5.8 0.04 7.0 0.04 73 83 21.3 38.4 
Zimbabwe  2.8 0.02 3.7 0.02 95 104 14.2 43.4 
Source:  WTO Secretariat Trade Profiles.  
                                                
1 WTO RTA Database . WT/REG368 /1 
- 4 - 
 
  1.3.  In terms of exports (2016), South Africa was the Seychelles' third largest export destination 
(after EU28 and the United Arab Emirates). Mauritius and Madagascar ranked 5th and 10th 
respectively. In terms of imports (2016), South Africa was the Seychelles' fourth largest source of 
imports (after the Cayman Islands, EU 28 and the United Arab Emirates). Mauritius and 
Madagascar ranked 8th and 25th respectively.  
1.4.  Developments in recent years in global and intra trade between the Seychelles and its SADC 
partners  are shown in  Chart 1.1.  The Seychelles has run a constant and expanding trade deficit on 
a global basis and with its SADC partners over the period surveyed (2000 -2016). South Afri ca is 
the Seychelles' largest source of imports from its SADC partners followed by Mauritius. With the 
exception of 2011, the Seychelles' exports to SADC countries are dwarfed by its imports. The bulk 
of the Seychelles' exports to SADC countries are destin ed for South Africa and Mauritius.  
Chart 1.1 Seychelles: Merchandise trade with world and SADC partners, 2000 -2016  
 
Note:   Seychelles' trading partners where data are not available:  
Botswana:   No trade data for 2001, 20 04, 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2016. no export data for 2000, 2002, 2005, 
2008, 2010 -2012, 2014 and 2015.  
Lesotho:   No trade data for 2000 -2002, 2004 -2009, 2012 -2014 and 2016. no export data for 2003, 2010 
and 2011. no import data for 2015.  
Malawi:   No trade data for 2001, 2004, 2005, 2009 and 2013. no export data for 2002 -2003, 2006 -2008, 
2011-2012, 2014 -2016. no import data for 2000.  
Mozambique: N o trade data for 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007 and 2009.  no export data for 2001, 2004, 2005, 2012 
 and 2016.  no import data for 2008 and 2013.  
Namibia:   No trade data for 2000, 2007 and 2009.  no export data for 2001 -2002, 2005 -2006, 2011 -2016.  
Eswatini :   No trade data for 2003 and 2009.  no export data for 2000 -2002, 2006 -2007, 2012 -2016.  
Tanzania:   No trade da ta for 2009.  no export data for 2000, 2003 and 2004.  
Zambia:   No trade data for 2006, 2009, 2013 and 2014.  no export data for 2000, 2002 -2005, 2007 -2008, 
 2010-2012 and 2015.  
Zimbabwe:  No trade data for 2006, 2009 and 2016.  no export data for 2001, 2003 -2005, 2007, 2011 -2015.  
Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa, World: no trade data for 2009.  
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
 
050100150200250300
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
Export
Import
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Millions
Malawi Namibia Zimbabwe
Botswana Zambia Lesotho
South Africa Mauritius Madagascar
Eswatini United Rep. of Tanzania Mozambique
Global exports (Left axis) Global imports (Left axis)US$ million US$ millionWT/REG368 /1 
- 5 - 
 
 
  1.5.  Charts 1.2 and 1.3 show bilateral trade patterns between SADC countries  and the Seychelles 
over the period 2000 -2016. South Africa , Namibia and Eswatini  have run a consistent trade 
surplus with the Seychelles over the period surveyed, while with Mauritius the trade balance is 
mixed. Gaps in trade data between the Seychelles and  other SADC partners make it difficult to 
identify trends . 
Chart 1.2 SADC (Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique): 
Trade with Seychelles and with world, 2000 -2016  
 
Botswana:   No export with Seychelles for 2000, 20 02, 2003, 2006, 2007 and 2012. no import  from 
 Seychelles for 2001.  
Lesotho:   No bilateral trade data with Seychelles except 2003 (export to Seychelles).  
Malawi:   No export to Seychelles for 2006, 2008 and 2016. no import from Seychelles for 2000, 2001, 
 2009 and 2016 . 
Mozambique: N o export to Seychelles for 2009, 2012, 2013 and 2014.  
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database; World Bank, World Development Indicator; and ITC, TradeMap.  
050100150200250300
0.02.04.06.08.010.012.0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016012345
0.01.02.03.04.05.0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
01020304050
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016020406080
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
01020304050607080
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016024681012
0.02.04.06.08.010.012.0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016US$ billion US$ thousand US$ billion
US$ billion US$ billion
US$ billion US$ billionUS$ million
US$ thousand
US$ million US$ millionUS$ millionBotswana Malawi
Lesotho
MadagascarMauritius
Mozambique
WT/REG368 /1 
- 6 - 
 
  Chart 1.3 SADC (Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini , Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe): Trade 
with Seychelles and with world, 2000 -2016  
 
Namibia:  No imports from Seychelles for 2009 and 2013.  
Eswatini :   No bila teral trade for 2002 -2010. no export to Seychelles for 2001 and  2016. no import from 
 Seychelles for 2000, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016.  
Zambia:   No bilateral trade data for 2016. no exports to Seychelles for 2001, 2004 -2008, 2013 -2014 and 
 2016. no import data from Seychelles for 2002 -2003, 2011.  
Zimbabwe:  No bilateral trade data for 2003. no exports to Seychelle s for 2012 -2013 and 2015 -2016. no 
 import from Seychelles for 2000 and 2008.  
Source:   UNSD, Comtrade database; World Bank, World Development Indicators; and ITC, TradeMap.  
0123456
0123456789
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 201605101520
0246810121416
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
0102030405060708090100
020406080100120
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016051015
024681012
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
0200400600800
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016012345678
0246810
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016US$ billion US$ million US$ billion
US$ billion US$ billion
US$ billion US$ billionUS$ million
US$ million
US$ thousand US$ millionUS$ millionNamibia Tanzania
South Africa
EswatiniZambia
Zimbabwe
WT/REG368 /1 
- 7 - 
 
 
  1.6.  The commodity structure of tra de of the Seychelles' imports from its SADC partners, as well 
as of the Seychelles' imports and exports to the world is shown in Chart 1. 4 (based on the period 
2012-2014) and Chart 1. 5 (based on the period 2010 -2012),2 on the basis of HS section product 
categories. More than half of the Seychelles' imports from most of its SADC partners is composed 
of one or two commodities (e.g. prepared foods from Malawi and Zimbabwe, vehicles from 
Madagascar, chemicals from Eswatini  and animal products from Lesotho), whe reas imports from 
Mauritius and South Africa which account for the bulk of imports from SADC partners are more 
diverse.  
1.7.  The Seychelles' imports of prepared foodstuffs, machinery, wood pulp and chemicals 
accounted on average for 48.9% of its imports from M auritius in 2012 -2014, while imports of 
machinery, foodstuffs, vehicles and chemicals accounted on average for 53.6% of its imports from 
South Africa over the same period.  
                                                
2 For Lesotho and Zambia data were only available for 2010 -2012.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 8 - 
 
  Chart 1.4 Seychelles' global trade an d imports from Botswana, Malawi, Mauritius, 
Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, South Africa, Eswatini , and Zimbabwe:  
Product composition of merchandise trade, annual average (2012 -2014)  
 
Note:  There are no import data from Malawi and Mozambique fo r 2013.  
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.  
Total: US$ 4,059 Total: US$155,017
Total: US$ 6,176 Total: US$ 7,848Total:  US$ 34 million
Total:  US$ 8million
Total: US$ 54 millionTotal: US$ 410,448Total: US$ 195,43022
17
12 66332Imports from Botswana
964Imports from Malawi
14
13
12
10776655546Imports from Mauritius
652411Imports from Madagascar
10
90Imports from Mozambique
36
2963225Imports from Namibia
26
24 23774222
3Imports from Tanzania
18
13
13
1110555543221
4Imports from South Africa
62 161237Imports from Eswatini
91441Imports from Zimbabwe
25
15
9 96532222117Seychelles' global imports
642926Seychelles' global exports
Total: US$ 1,093 million Total: US$ 595 million Total:  US$ 3,355
WT/REG368 /1 
- 9 - 
 
 
  Chart 1.5 Seychelles' global trade and imports from Lesotho and Zambia: Product 
composition of merchandise trade, annual average (2010 -2012)  
 
Note:  There are no Seychelles' imports from Lesotho for 2012.  
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.  
1.8.  The commodity structure of trade of the SADC partners' imports from the Seychelles, as well 
as their imports and exports to the world is shown in Charts 1.6 -1.8 (for the period 2012 -2014), 
on the basis of HS section product categories.  Mauritius is the largest importer of products from 
the Seychelles with imports averaging US$34 million in 2012 -2014 and composed almost entirely 
of animal products. Likewise Madagascar' s imports from the Seychelles, averaging US$7 million 
over the same period are composed almost entirely of animal products. For the other SADC 
partners' imports from the Seychelles the average trade volume over the period 2012 -2014 
averaged less than US$1 million . Textiles, machinery and vehicles are among the most common 
products traded.  
62231121Seychelles' imports from Lesotho
17
3
3
2
74Seychelles' imports from Zambia
30
14
119832222222210Seychelles' global imports
43
2614315Seychelles' global exportsTotal: US$ 2,189 Total: US$ 4,035
Total: US$ 682 million Total: US$ 1,381 million
WT/REG368 /1 
- 10 - 
 
  Chart 1.6 SADC (Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius) trade with Seychelles:  
Product composition of merchandise trade, an nual average (2012 -2014)  
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.  
Total: US$ 323 Total: US$7,763 million
Total: US$ 2,904 million Total: US$ 1,698 millionTotal:  US$ 7,153 million
Total:  US$ 7million
Total: US$ 2,650 million Total: US$ 1,244 million Total: US$ 778 ,13723
77Botswana's imports from 
Seychelles
29
18
1386543328Botswana's global imports
8463215Botswana's global exports
9631Madagascar's imports from 
Seychelles
27
13
128765543225Madagascar's global imports
26
23
161265218Madagascar's global exports
72138420.3Malawi's imports from 
Seychelles
26
17
1477554446Malawi's global imports
58
17843225Malawi's global exports
982Mauritius' imports from 
Seychelles
22
15
10
8766543322223Mauritius' global imports
37
297663316Mauritius' global exports
Total: US$ 5,592 million Total: US$ 2,421 million Total:  US$ 34 million
WT/REG368 /1 
- 11 - 
 
 
  Chart 1.7 SADC (Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia) trade with Seychelles:  
Product composition of merchandise trade, annual average (2012 -2014)  
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.  
Total: US$ 210,093 Total: US$8,340 million
Total: US$ 102,493 million Total: US$ 94,865 millionTotal:  US$ 4,073 million
Total:  US$ 890,640
Total: US$ 12,311 million Total: US$ 5,221 million Total: US$ 17 ,72141
3524Mozambique's imports from 
Seychelles
26
18
1410655432225Mozambique's global 
imports
35
311054422223Mozambique's global 
exports
24
21
19855332227South Africa's imports from 
Seychelles
24
23
109543322214South Africa's global 
imports
25
18
131010644226South Africa's global exports
7219422Tanzania's imports from 
Seychelles
34
15
1198643226Tanzania's global imports
31
221585332226Tanzania's global exports
40
2821631Zambia's imports from 
Seychelles
28
23
131095229Zambia's global imports
726544334Zambia's global exports
Total: US$ 9,502 million Total: US$ 9,882 millionTotal:  US$ 572,481
WT/REG368 /1 
- 12 - 
 
  Chart 1.8 SADC (Namibia, Zimbabwe, Eswatini , Lesotho) trade with Seychelles:  Product 
composition of merchandise trade, annual average (2012 -2014)  
 
Note:  Lesotho 's imports from Seychelles are for 2013  only. 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database and ITC, TradeMap.  
47
2795435Eswatini's global exports Total: US$ 25,702 Total: US$7,746 million
Total: US$ 7,149 million Total: US$ 3,484 millionTotal:  US$ 5,899 million
Total:  US$ 415,864
Total: US$ 1,739 million Total: US$ 1,817 million991Namibia's imports from 
Seychelles
20
15
14987533322224Namibia's global imports
25
17
161510547Namibia's global exports
6027841Zimbabwe's imports from 
Seychelles
22
17
141176642226Zimbabwe's global imports
32
291513426Zimbabwe's global exports
17
12
10
88865543211Eswatini's global imports 
16
14
10
8887754437Lesotho's global imports
49
22128322Lesotho's global exports
Total: US$ 1,617 million Total: US$ 617 million100-Eswatini's imports from 
Seychelles
Total: US$ 7,333
Lesotho's imports from 
Seychelles
Total: US$ 20,000WT/REG368 /1 
- 13 - 
 
 
  2  CHARACTERISTIC ELEME NTS OF THE AGREEMENT  
2.1  Background Information  
2.1.  The accession of the Seychelles to the SADC Trade Protocol (hereinafter "the Agreement") 
was signed on 1 April 2015 and entered into force on 25 May 2015. The Seychelles notified the 
WTO of its accession to the SADC Trade Protocol  on 8 January 2016 under GATT 
Article  XXIV:7(a).3  
2.2.  The text of the Instrument of Accession and the SADC trade proto col is available on the WTO 
website : http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=948 . 
2.3.  The consideration of the SADC Trade Protocol as originally notified took place in the CRTA on 
14 May 2007. Details of the trade liberalization scheduled among the original parties to the SADC 
Trade Protocol and a summary of its regulatory provisions can be found in the Factual Presentation 
distributed in document WT/REG176/4 .  
2.4.  Modifications on trade -related issues made since that time include the following: t he Protocol 
on the Tribunal and Rules thereof which was signed in 2000, entered into force  in 2011; and t he 
Protocol on Finance and Investment signed in 2006 entered into force in 2010. The Protocol on 
Trade in Services that was signed in 2012 is not yet in force.4 The SADC Secretariat has indicated 
that following the signing of the Protocol,  negotiations com menced on the schedules of 
commitment s covering six agreed prioritised sectors, i.e. communication, financial  services , 
tourism, transport, construction and energy -related services  of which the first four have been 
finalised . The agreed schedules will be p resented to the SADC Committee of Ministers of Trade in 
July 2018 for adoption. Th e conclusion of the first round of negotiations under the Protocol on 
Trade in Services liberalisation programme is expected to pave the way for the ratification and 
implemen tation of the Protocol with a number of the outstanding Members expected to complete 
the process before the August 2018 SADC Summit meetings.  
3  PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  
3.1  Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  
3.1.1   Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  
3.1.  Table 3.1 shows tariff and trade liberalization offered by the Seychelles  under the Agreement. 
In 2015, 85.6% of the Seychelles'  tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis,5 corresponding to a 
range of between zero (Malawi) to 100% (Moza mbique and Zambia) of its total imports from SADC 
partners (2012 -2014) . Following the Agreement's entry into force, the Seychelles  liberalized an 
additional 6.1% of lines. Liberalization continues until 20 26 at which point 97.5% of tariff lines  will 
be dut y free  with a  total of 141 lines remain ing subject to duties.  In the case of the Seychelles' 
imports from Malawi, Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania  and Zimbabwe the lines remaining dutiable 
account respectively for 100%, 2.6%, 7.1% , 0.1%  and 98.5% of its average total imports from 
these countries for the period 2012 -2014.  
                                                
3 Document WT/REG368/N/1 dated 8 January 2016.  
4 The Seychelles has indicated that f or the Protocol on Trade in Services to come into force, it needs the 
ratification of two-thirds of SADC  members. As of 1 December 2017, eight Member States namely Angola, the 
Democratic Republic of Congo , Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe were yet to 
submit their instruments of ratification of the Protocol on Trade in Services. To date, there ha ve been no new 
developments on the status of ratification of the Protocol. The Seychelles ratified the Protocol on Trade in 
Services in Aug ust 2016 . 
5 Of the 5,717 lines in the Seychelles' tariff, 98.9% are ad valorem , 56 lines are subject to specific 
duties and four to compound duties.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 14 - 
 
  Table 3.1 Seychelles  
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade  
Duty 
phase -out 
 period  Number 
of lin es % of total 
lines in 
tariff 
schedule  Value of 
imports  
in US$  % of 
total 
imports  Value of 
imports  
In US$  % of 
total 
imports  Value of 
imports  
In US$  
 % of 
total 
imports  
(2012 -2014)  
    Botswana  Lesotho  Madagascar  
MFN 2015     4,895  85.6 1,077  41.2 - - 7,107,237  98.3 
2015 349 6.1 673 25.7 - - 14,614  0.2 
2017 41  0.7 0 0.0 - - 18 0.0 
2018       7  0.1 0 0.0 - - 0 0.0 
2023     237  4.1 866 33.1 - - 107,234  1.5 
2026      47  0.8 0 0.0 - - 0 0.0 
Remain 
dutiable      141  2.5 0 0.0 - - 74 0.0 
Total*  5,717  100.0  2,616  100.0  - - 7,229,177  100.0  
   Malawi  Mauritius  Mozambique  
MFN 2015     4,895  85.6 0 0.0 29,851,485  88.2 577 100.0  
2015 349 6.1 0 0.0 1,286,306  3.8 0 0.0 
2017     41 0.7 0 0.0 19,977  0.1 0 0.0 
2018       7  0.1 0 0.0 412 0.0 0 0.0 
2023     237  4.1 0 0.0 1,369,753  4.0 0 0.0 
2026      47  0.8 0 0.0 465,274  1.4 0 0.0 
Remain 
dutiable      141  2.5 150,522  100.0  866,245  2.6 0 0.0 
Total*  5,717  100.0  150,522  100.0  33,859,452  100.0  577 100.0  
   Namibia  South Africa  Eswatini  
MFN 2015    4,895  85.6 17,239  13.3 41,707,066  82.4 335,154  99.6 
2015 349  6.1 112,861  86.7 3,307,921  6.5 717 0.2 
2017      41  0.7 0 0.0 62,295  0.1 0 0.0 
2018       7  0.1 0 0.0 4,411  0.0 0 0.0 
2023     237  4.1 0 0.0 683,475  1.4 518 0.2 
2026      47  0.8 0 0.0 1,244,557  2.5 0 0.0 
Remain 
dutiable      141  2.5 0 0.0 3,577,307  7.1 6 0.0 
Total*  5,717  100.0  130,100  100.0  50,587,031  100.0  336,396  100.0  
    Tanzania  Zambia  Zimbabwe  
MFN 2015     4,895  85.6 204,497  84.8 420 100.0  534 1.4 
2015 349 6.1 31,556  13.1 0 0.0 57 0.1 
2017 41  0.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 
2018       7  0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 
2023 237  4.1 4,715  2.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 
2026      47  0.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 
Remain 
dutiable  141  2.5 324 0.1 0 0.0 37,851  98.5 
Total*  5,717  100.0  241,092  100.0  420 100.0  38,443  100.0  
* Added 83 tariff lines to complete the products under the HS 2002 nomenclature: 70 tariff lines are 
already duty -free at the MFN 2015 level and the remaining 13 tariff lines are dutiable.  80 tariff lines 
are treated as Category A (immediate liberalization), 2 as Category C and 1 as Category E.  
Note:  No import data from Lesotho for 2012 -2014.   
 Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Seychelles  authorities.  
 
3.2.  Table 3. 3 shows tariff and trade liberalization offered by SADC countries to the Seychelles 
under the Agreement.  The Seychelles immediately benefit ed from the preferences applied  by 
SADC countries to other  SADC partners  under the original SADC Trade Protocol  without any phase -
in period .  
3.3.  In 2015, 55.7% of SACU 's tariff lines6 were duty free on an MFN basis,7 accounting for 100% 
(Botswana), 0.1% (Namibia), 87.6% (South Africa) and zero % (Eswatini ) of total imports from 
                                                
6 Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Eswatini. Lesotho's tariff is slightly different from its SACU 
partne rs and is reported separately.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 15 - 
 
 
  the Seychelles  (2012 -2014). Following the accession of the Seychelles to the Agreement , SACU  
liberalized an additional 44.1% of its tariff . Ten lines remain subject to duties.   
3.4.  In 2015, 55.7% of Lesotho's tariff lines were duty -free on an MFN basis,8 and a further 
44.1% of tar iffs were liberalized upon the Seychelles' accession to the Agreement. No bilateral 
import data between Lesotho and the Seychelles is available.  
3.5.  In 2015, 31.7% of Malawi 's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis,9 accounting for 
93.1% of its total imports from the Seychelles (2012 -2014). Following the accession of the 
Seychelles to the Agreement , Malawi  liberalized an additional 68.1% of lines , which accounted for 
6.9% of its total imports from the Seychelles (2012 -2014) . 13 lines rem ain subject to duties.  
3.6.  In 2015, 88.8% of Mauritius'  tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis,10 accounting for 
99.7% of its total imports from the Seychelles (2012 -2014). Following the accession of the 
Seychelles to the Agreement , Mauritius  liberalized a n additional 11.2% of lines. No tariff  lines 
remain subject to duties.  
3.7.  In 2015, 3.6% of Mozambique 's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis,11 accounting for 
31.2% of its total imports from the Seychelles (2012 -2014). Following the accession of the 
Seychelles to the Agreement , Mozambique  liberalized an additional 90.2% of lines , accounting for 
68.8% of its total imports from the Seychelles (2012 -2014) . 324 lines or 6.2% of its tariff  remain 
subject to duties.  
3.8.  In 2015, 36.9% of Tanzania's  tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis,12 accounting for 
75% of its total imports from the Seychelles (2012 -2014). Following the accession of the 
Seychelles to the Agreement , Tanzania  liberalized an additional 62% of lines. 57 lines remain 
subject to duties.  The SADC Secretariat has indicated that Tanzania reintroduced duties on SADC 
sugar in 2011 that are still in place. Since 2015 Tanzania has received special dispensation from 
the SADC Committee of Ministers of Trade to apply the duties on sugar till August 2020.  Table 3.2 
shows the sugar products on which Tanzania reintroduced duties and the corresp onding MFN rates.  
Table 3.2 Tanzania's Sugar products under HS Heading 1701  
Tariff line  Description  MFN 2015  
1701 Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in 
solid form.    
  - Raw sugar not containing  added flavouring or 
colouring matter :    
170112  -- Beet sugar    
17011210  --- Jaggery  100 % or $460/MT whichever is higher  
17011290  --- Other  100 % or $460/MT whichever is higher  
170113  -- Cane sugar specified in Subheading Note 2 to this 
Chapter    
17011310  --- Jaggery  100 % or $460/MT whichever is higher  
17011390  --- Other  100 % or $460/MT whichever is higher  
170114  -- Other cane sugar    
17011410  --- Jaggery  100 % or $460/MT whichever is higher  
17011490  --- Other  100 % or $460/MT whichever is higher  
170191  - Other :    
                                                                                                                                                  
7 SACU's tariff (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Eswatini) is composed of 7,413 lines, of which 
96.2% are ad valorem , 168 are subject to specific duties and 115 to mixed duties.  
8 Lesotho's tariff is composed of 7,428 lin es, of which 96.2% are ad valorem , 168 are subject to specific 
duties and 115 to mixed duties. Lesotho's tariff differs slightly from that of its SACU partners.  
9 Malawi's tariff is composed of 5,670 lines, of which 99.9% are ad valorem . One tariff line ha s no rate.  
10 Mauritius' tariff is composed of 6,348 lines, of which 95.2% are ad valorem , and 303 lines are subject 
to specific duties .  
11 Mozambique's tariff is composed of 5,437 lines, all of which 99.8% are ad valorem . 11 lines are 
subject to mixed duti es. 
12 Tanzania's tariff is composed of 5,670 lines, of which 99.9% are ad valorem . One tariff line has no 
rate. WT/REG368 /1 
- 16 - 
 
  Tariff line  Description  MFN 2015  
17019100  -- Containing added flavouring or colouring matter  100 % or $460/MT whichever is higher  
170199  -- Other    
17019910  --- Sugar for industrial use  100 % or $460/MT whichever is higher  
17019990  --- Other  100 % or $460/MT  whichever is higher  
Source:  WTO-IDB. 
 
3.9.  In 2015, 30% of Zambia 's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis,13 accounting for 21.5% 
of its total imports from the Seychelles (2012 -2014). Following the accession of the Seychelles to 
the Agreement , Zambia  liberalized an additional 67% of lines. 199 lines, accounting for 3% of its 
tariff remain subject to duties.  
3.10.  In 2015, 10.1% of Zimbabwe 's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis,14 accounting for 
22.9% of its total imports from the Seychelles (2012 -2014). The SADC Secretariat has indicated 
that Zimbabwe last made tariff reductions in 2008 and did not proceed beyond that to cover 
Category "C" (sensitive products) under its SADC offer which w as supposed to be eliminated by 
end 2012. Subsequent to that dut ies were reintroduced to mitigate economic challenges . The 
matter is still before SADC Ministers of Trade for consideration and determination.  
Table 3.3 SADC  
Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement  and corresponding average  
SADC 
Members  Duty phase -out period  Number 
of linesa % of total 
lines in tariff 
schedule  Average imports from 
Seychelles  (2012-2014) 
Value of imports  
(US$ '000)  % imports  
Botswana  MFN duty free (201 5) 4,132  55.7 7.6 100.0  
2015 3,271  44.1 0.0 0.0 
Remain dutiable  10 0.1 0.0 0.0 
Total  7,413 100.0  7.6 100.0  
Lesotho  MFN duty free (201 5) 4,140  55.7 - - 
2015 3,278  44.1 - - 
Remain dutiable  10 0.1 - - 
Total  7,428  100.0  - - 
Malawi  MFN duty free (201 5) 1,796 31.7 724.2 93.1 
2015 3,860  68.1 53.9 6.9 
Remain dutiable  13 0.2 0.0 0.0 
Total  5,670b 100.0  778.1 100.0  
Mauritius  MFN duty free (201 5) 5,639  88.8 33,774.8 99.7 
2015 709 11.2 113.6  0.3 
Total  6,348 100.0  33,888.4  100.0  
Mozambique  MFN duty free (201 6) 186 3.6 65.5 31.2 
2016 4,688  90.2 144.6  68.8 
Remain dutiable  324 6.2 0.0 0.0 
Total  5,198  100.0  210.1  100.0  
Namibia  MFN duty free (201 5) 4,132  55.7 0.0 0.1 
2015 3,271  44.1 38.0 99.9 
Remain dutiable  10 0.1 0.0 0.0 
Total  7,413  100.0  38.1 100.0  
South Africa  MFN duty free (201 5) 4,132  55.7 757.9  87.6 
2015 3,271  44.1 107.1  12.4 
Remain dutiable  10 0.1 0.0 0.0 
Total  7,413  100.0  865.0  100.0  
Eswatini  MFN duty free (201 5) 4,132  55.7 0.0 0.0 
2015 3,271  44.1 7.5 100.0  
Remain dutiable  10 0.1 0.0 0.0 
Total  7,413  100.0  7.5 100.0  
                                                
13 Zambia's tariff is composed of 6,181 lines, of which 97.6% are ad valorem . 142 lines are subject to 
mixed duties and five lines have no rate.  
14 Zimbabwe's tariff is composed of 6,140 lines, of which 92.6% are ad valorem . 70 tariff lines are 
subject to specific duties, 331 to compound duties and 58 to mixed duties.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 17 - 
 
 
  SADC 
Members  Duty phase -out period  Number 
of linesa % of total 
lines in tariff 
schedule  Average imports from 
Seychelles  (2012-2014) 
Value of imports  
(US$ '000)  % imports  
Tanzania  MFN duty free (2015 ) 2,008  36.9 13.3 75.0 
2015 3,372  62.0 4.4 25.0 
Remain dutiable  57 1.0 0.0 0.0 
Total  5,437 100.0  17.7 100.0  
Zambia  MFN duty free (201 5) 1,837 30 122.9  21.5 
2015 4,140 67 448.9  78.5 
Remain  dutiable  199 3 0.0 0.0 
Total  6,181c 100 571.8  100.0  
Zimbabwe 
(not yet 
implemented)  MFN duty free (2015 ) 622 10.1 94.8 22.9 
2015 5,378  87.6 301.3  72.7 
Remain dutiable  140 2.3 18.4 4.4 
Total  6,140  100.0  414.5  100.0  
a HS chapters 1 -97 only.  
b Malawi: no duty provided for one tariff line (63080000) but included in the total count for 
completeness of the tariff lines under the HS 2012 nomenclature.  
c  Zambia: 5 tariff lines where duties are not provided are included in the total count for complet eness 
of the tariff lines under the HS 2012 nomenclature.  
-  No available import data for Lesotho.  
 For Mozambique data was only available for 2016 . 
 Based from HS 2012 nomenclature except Mozambique which is based on HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:   Trade A nalysis Information System (TRAINS), UNSD, Comtrade, WTO -IDB databases and import 
data from authorities of Botswana, Eswatini , and Zimbabwe.  
 
3.11.   Table 3. 4 shows the Seychelles'  tariff liberalization by HS Section. Most lib eralization takes  
place in 2015 and 2 023. The 140 products remaining dutiable fall in a range of HS Sections, and 
include both agricultural and industrial goods. The average final tariff on dutiable products for 
agricultural goods ranges from 25% to 126.9 %, while for industrial products the range is 23.1% to 
100%. 
Table 3.4 Seychelles: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average  
% No. of 
lines  No. of 
duty-free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2015  
2017  
2018  
2023  
2026  
I 9.2 244 154 63 5  4 10 8 25.0 
II 5.9 316 220 78   4  14 26.1 
III 0.0 46 46        
IV 6.3 350 237 19   35 1 58 126.9  
V 0.3 166 164   1   1 25.0 
VI 0.5 843 817 20    6   
VII 5.7 235 210 24     1 100.0  
VIII 4.4 74 61 13       
IX 1.2 87 82 2   2  1 25.0 
X 1.1 198 193 2   3    
XI 7.2 863 553 79 36 1 189  5 25.0 
XII 5.5 55 41 14       
XIII 3.0 144 126 10    4 4 25.0 
XIV 0.0 53 53        
XV 0.1 591 589 1     1 25.0 
XVI 0.2 827 817 9  1     
XVII 7.6 213 129 6  4  26 48 23.1 
XVIII 0.0 244 244        
XIX 0.0 21 21        WT/REG368 /1 
- 18 - 
 
  HS 
Section  MFN 
average  
% No. of 
lines  No. of 
duty-free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines under the 
Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2015  
2017  
2018  
2023  
2026  
XX 1.0 140 131 9       
XXI 0.0 7 7        
Total*  3.1 5,717  4,895  349 41 7 237 47 141 34.0 
* Added 83 tariff lines to complete the products under the HS 2002 nomenclature: 70 tariff lines are 
already duty -free at the MFN 2015 level and the remaining 13 tariff lines are dutiable.  80 tariff lines 
are treated as Category A (immediate liberalization), 2 as Category C and 1 as Category E.  
Note:  For the c alculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  part of compound 
duties are included.  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities.  
 
3.12.   Chart 3.1 compares for the Seychelles the average of dutiable rates for products subject to 
duties at the end of the implementation period with the applicable MFN duties. Average tariffs 
range from 2 1.7% in HS  Chapter 7 to 1 26.9% in HS Chapter 24. In all cases the preferential  
duties are the s ame as MFN rates indicating that no preferential liberalization of these lines has 
taken place . 
Chart 3.1 Seychelles: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature . 
* HS Chapter 22 contains specific duties only.   
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities.  
 
3.13.   Table s 3.5-3.12 show SADC countries'  tariff liberalization offered to the Seychelles by 
HS Section. For SACU countries (Botswana, Namibia, South Af rica and Eswatini ), the ten lines 
remaining dutiable fall in two HS Sections and include both agricultural and industrial goods 
(Table  3.5). The average final tariff on dutiable products for industrial  goods is 46.7 %. The 
agricultural products are subject to specific duties only.  
020406080100120140
3 7 8 9 22* 24 27 39 44 53 69 83 87Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG368 /1 
- 19 - 
 
 
  Table 3.5 SACU (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini ) member states: Tariff 
elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
averag e % No. of 
linesa No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines 
under the 
Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  
2015  
I 14.0 454 276 178   
II 6.9 414 187 227   
III 7.5 69 17 52   
IV 16.5 416 84 327 5 - 
V 1.7 189 156 33   
VI 2.1 1,150  967 183   
VII 7.4 477 222 255   
VIII 11.1 92 42 50   
IX 7.3 113 60 53   
X 3.8 201 143 58   
XI 22.5 987 175 807 5 46.7 
XII 21.0 82 15 67   
XIII 7.4 218 89 129   
XIV 4.3 60 47 13   
XV 5.1 755 468 287   
XVI 3.8 1,046  767 279   
XVII 9.6 244 119 125   
XVIII 0.3 215 210 5   
XIX 13.4 66 7 59   
XX 10.3 158 74 84   
XXI 0.0 7 7    
Total  8.5 7,413  4,132  3,271  10 46.7 
a HS chapters 1 -97 only.  
-  Specific duties only.  
Note:  For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  part of alternate 
rates are included. Based on HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO-IDB. 
3.14.   For Lesotho, whose tariff differs slightly from its SACU partners,  the ten lines remainin g 
dutiable fall in two HS Sections and include both agricultural and industrial goods (Table 3. 6). The 
average final tariff on dutiable products for industrial goods is 46.7%. The agricultural products are 
subject to specific duties only.  
Table 3.6 Lesotho: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of 
linesa No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2015  
I 14.5 465 276 189   
II 6.9 414 187 227   
III 7.5 69 17 52   
IV 16.5 417 84 328 5 - 
V 1.7 189 156 33   
VI 2.1 1,150  967 183   
VII 7.4 477 222 255   
VIII 11.1 92 42 50   
IX 7.3 113 60 53   
X 3.6 201 149 52   
XI 22.5 987 175 807 5 46.7 
XII 21.0 82 15 67   
XIII 7.4 218 89 129   
XIV 4.3 60 47 13   
XV 5.2 756 468 288   
XVI 3.8 1,048  769 279   
XVII 9.6 244 119 125   
XVIII 0.3 215 210 5   
XIX 13.4 66 7 59   WT/REG368 /1 
- 20 - 
 
  HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of 
linesa No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2015  
XX 10.3 158 74 84   
XXI 0.0 7 7    
Total  8.6 7,428  4,140  3,278  10 46.7 
a HS chapters 1 -97 only.  
- Specific duties only.  
Note:  For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  part of alternate 
rates are inclu ded. Based on HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO-IDB. 
 
3.15.   For Malawi , the 13 lines remaining dutiable fall in a number of  HS Sections and include both 
agricultural and industrial goods (Table 3. 7). The average final tariff on dutiable products for 
industrial goods ranges from 2% to 25%, while f or agricultural goods the average fin al tariff on 
dutiable products ranges from 5% to 17.5% . 
Table 3.7 Malawi: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of 
lines  No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2015  
I 15.4 338 7 329 2 17.5 
II 18.1 327 42 284 1 5.0 
III 17.2 48  48   
IV 25.7 269 15 254   
V 7.6 160 37 122 1 20.0 
VI 3.5 802 651 151   
VII 10.6 225 76 149   
VIII 21.7 69  69   
IX 17.8 96 2 92 2 15.0 
X 12.0 150 16 133 1 25.0 
XI 19.8 814 89 723 1 5.0 
XII 24.7 52  52   
XIII 15.5 156 9 147   
XIV 17.3 56 1 55   
XV 12.3 603 63 539 1 10.0 
XVI 5.2 903 601 300 2 2.0 
XVII 13.1 225 68 157   
XVIII 10.6 227 112 115   
XIX 22.6 19  19   
XX 23.0 124 7 116 1 25.0 
XXI 10.0 7  6 1 10.0 
Total  12.7 5,670a 1,796  3,860  13 13.0 
a No duty provided for one tariff line (63080000) but included in the total count for completeness of 
the tariff lines under the HS 2012 nomenclature.  
 Based on HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO-IDB. 
 
3.16.   For Mauritius , all tariff lines were liberalized upon accession by the Seychelles to the 
Agreement  (Table 3. 8).  
Table 3.8 Mauritius: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of linesa No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 201 5 Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  
2015  
I 0.0 344 342 2 - 
II 0.7 317 298 19 - 
III 2.4 50 39 11 - 
IV 3.7 330 248 82 - 
V 0.2 164 162 2 - 
VI 0.3 864 847 17 - WT/REG368 /1 
- 21 - 
 
 
  HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of linesa No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 201 5 Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  
2015  
VII 1.4 245 223 22 - 
VIII 3.3 72 64 8 - 
IX 2.1 101 86 15 - 
X 2.8 164 142 22 - 
XI 0.6 1,088  758 330 - 
XII 1.5 49 44 5 - 
XIII 3.1 169 134 35 - 
XIV 0.0 55 55  - 
XV 0.9 634 596 38 - 
XVI 0.7 838 810 28 - 
XVII 0.4 435 420 15 - 
XVIII 0.0 221 221  - 
XIX 0.0 20 20  - 
XX 7.0 181 123 58 - 
XXI 0.0 7 7  - 
Total  1.1 6,648  5,639  709 0 
a HS chapters 1 -97 only.  
 Based on HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO-IDB. 
 
3.17.   For Mozambique , the 324 lines remaining dutiable fall in a number of HS Sections and 
include both agricultural and industrial goods (Table 3. 9). The average final tariff on dutiable 
products for industrial goods ranges from 5% to 2 0%, while for agricultural goods the average 
final tariff on dutiable products ranges from 13.3% to 14.9%. 
Table 3.9 Mozambique: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of 
lines  No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 201 6 Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2016  
I 17.6 247 4 198 45 14.9 
II 13.2 285  257 28 14.1 
III 10.4 47  31 16 13.3 
IV 16.3 204 2 188 14 13.4 
V 4.0 166 1 161 4 6.3 
VI 4.6 792 98 682 12 11.5 
VII 8.4 227 3 212 12 13.1 
VIII 10.8 69  69   
IX 9.1 95  93 2 13.8 
X 9.5 145 6 139   
XI 15.7 804 34 666 104 15.0 
XII 16.3 54  54   
XIII 9.3 143 1 137 5 7.5 
XIV 12.5 53  53   
XV 7.5 572 1 537 34 7.3 
XVI 7.0 779 18 748 13 11.7 
XVII 7.5 150 14 125 11 8.9 
XVIII 10.1 217  216 1 5.0 
XIX 20.0 20   20 20.0 
XX 16.4 122 4 115 3 13.3 
XXI 17.5 7  7   
Total  10.0 5,198  186 4,688  324 13.4 
Note:  Based on HS 2007 nomenclature . Data for 2015 was not available.  
Source:  WTO-IDB. 
 
3.18.   For Tanzania , the 57 lines remaining dutiable fall in a number of HS Sections and include 
both agricultural and industrial goods (Table 3. 10). The average final tariff on dutiable products for 
industrial goods ranges from 10% to 25%, while for agricultural goods the average f inal tariff on 
dutiable products ranges from 22% to 25%. WT/REG368 /1 
- 22 - 
 
  Table 3.10 Tanzania: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average%  No. of 
lines  No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 201 5 Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  
2016  
I 25.5 347 15 325 7 25.0 
II 20.3 307 38 269   
III 14.0 52 12 40   
IV 23.7 229 9 210 10 22.0 
V 4.8 171 109 62   
VI 3.0 815 676 138 1 10.0 
VII 10.7 242 87 155   
VIII 14.3 69 5 64   
IX 16.3 94 22 72   
X 11.8 153 45 87 21 18.6 
XI 20.8 810 63 747   
XII 21.9 47 1 46   
XIII 17.1 148 18 130   
XIV 22.4 57 6 51   
XV 10.2 575 201 374   
XVI 6.0 791 482 309   
XVII 7.0 168 102 66   
XVIII 8.8 212 112 100   
XIX 25.0 18   18 25.0 
XX 22.6 125 5 120   
XXI 25.0 7  7   
Total  12.9 5,437  2,008  3,372  57 21.8 
Note:  For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  part of alternate 
rates are included.   
 Based on HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source:  Trade Analysis Information System (TRAINS) . 
 
3.19.   For Zambia , the 1 99 lines remaining dutiable fall in a number of HS Sections and include 
both agricultural and industrial goods (Table 3. 11). The average final tariff on dutiable products for 
industrial goods ranges from 10% to 25%, while for agricultural goods the average final tariff on 
dutiable products ranges from 21.7% to 25%. 
Table 3.11 Zambia: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of 
linesa No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2015  
I 21.3 365 6 334 24 22.5 
II 19.8 374 1 351 18 21.7 
III 14.6 54 4 50   
IV 21.1 229 4 224 1 25.0 
V 9.2 168 12 156   
VI 5.3 1,107  721 367 19 15.5 
VII 10.0 465 239 224 2 25.0 
VIII 19.6 69  61 8 15.0 
IX 22.3 101 4 80 17 24.4 
X 11.1 154 20 134   
XI 17.6 901 67 762 72 22.1 
XII 23.3 49 1 48   
XIII 14.4 143  136 7 17.9 
XIV 19.1 57 1 55 1 15.0 
XV 11.7 602 153 447 2 10.0 
XVI 7.4 780 419 356 5 17.0 
XVII 7.8 167 78 89   
XVIII 11.6 243 94 146 3 15.0 
XIX 18.5 20   20 18.5 WT/REG368 /1 
- 23 - 
 
 
  HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of 
linesa No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2015  
XX 21.2 125 6 119   
XXI 1.9 8 7 1   
Total  12.7 6,181b 1,837  4,140  199 20.5 
a  HS chapters 1 -97 only.  
b 5 tariff lines where duties are not provided are included in the total count for tariff line 
completeness.  
 For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  part of alternate 
rates are included.   
 Based on HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source : WTO-IDB. 
 
3.20.   For Zimbabwe , the 1 40 lines remaining dutiable fall in a number of HS Sections and include 
both agricultural and industrial goods (Table 3. 12). The average final tariff on dutiable products for 
industrial goods ranges from 5% to 22.5%, while for agricultural goods the average final tariff on 
dutiable products ranges from 5% to 22.5%. 
Table 3.12 Zimbabwe: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average  % No. of 
linesa No. of duty -free 
lines in  
MFN 2015  Duty -free lines under 
the Agreement  Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  2015  
I 17.9 483 171 291 21 17.4 
II 20.1 335 31 295 9 11.1 
III 17.2 63  62 1 5.0 
IV 37.1 353 1 348 4 22.5 
V 8.0 172 11 150 11 11.8 
VI 7.1 831 47 772 12 5.0 
VII 12.6 277 6 270 1 5.0 
VIII 22.9 70  70   
IX 20.2 104  101 3 11.7 
X 14.6 186 7 177 2 12.5 
XI 20.0 897 3 889 5 13.0 
XII 34.2 48  47 1 10.0 
XIII 21.0 148  147 1 15.0 
XIV 15.3 58 1 57   
XV 13.8 630  623 7 7.1 
XVI 9.1 868 290 575 3 16.7 
XVII 15.1 201 21 123 57 11.7 
XVIII 9.1 246 32 214   
XIX 14.0 21  21   
XX 27.6 142 1 139 2 22.5 
XXI 20.0 7  7   
Total  15.5 6,140  622 5,378  140 12.2 
a HS chapters 1 -97 only.  
 Based on HS 2012 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO-IDB. 
 
3.21.   Chart 3. 2 compares for SADC countries the average of dutiable rates for products subject to 
duties at the end of the implementation period with the applicable MFN duties for imports from the 
Seychelles, by HS Chapter . For SACU countries, the aver age remaining dutiable rates on products 
of HS Chapter 63 are the same as the MFN rate indicating that no preferential liberalization of 
these lines has taken place.  
3.22.   In the case of Malawi, duty reductions have taken place on the preferential rates offered to 
the Seychelles in HS Chapters 9, 44, 58 and 85. In the case of Mozambique,  preferential duties are 
lower than MFN duties in a number of HS Chapters indicating that duty reductions have taken 
place on a number of tariff lines. Tanzania has reduced prefer ential duties for the Seychelles in 
HS Chapter 17. Zambia has reduced preferential duties for the Seychelles in HS Chapter 62 , while 
Zimbabwe has reduced preferential duties applicable to the Seychelles in a number of 
HS Chapters.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 24 - 
 
  Chart 3.2 SADC member states: Average of dutiable rates, by HS chapter  
(Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambiquea, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini , 
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe)  
 
a MFN tariffs is for 2015 for all SADC members except for Mozambique which reflects MFN 2016 data.  
 For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  part of alternate 
rates are included.  
SACU:  HS Chapter 17 contains specific duties only.  
Zimbabwe:  MFN in HS Chapter 63 c ontains specific duties only.  
Source:  WTO-IDB. 
3.1.2   Tariff rate quotas  
3.23.   There are no tariff rate quotas under the Agreement.  
3.2  Regulatory Provisions of the Agreement  
3.24.   The SADC Secretariat has indicated that the following changes have been made to the 
provisions o f the Trade Protocol since 2008:  
a.  Annex 1 on Rules of Origin was reviewed and changes made to the qualifying thresholds 
for non -originating materials. The exception was on most items of textiles and clothing 
where Member States are still to resolve the iss ue of moving from the current double 
05101520253035404550
*17 63Average rate of duty (%)
HS ChapterSACU
05101520253035
2 9 27 44 46 48 58 72 85 95 97Average rate of duty (%)
HS ChapterMalawi
0510152025
2
4
5
7
8
10
11
15
17
19
20
22
23
24
25
27
28
32
34
35
39
40
44
46
52
55
63
68
72
73
76
79
83
84
85
87
90
93
94
95
96Average rate of duty (%)
HS ChapterMozambique
051015202530354045
5 17 36 48 93Average rate of duty (%)
HS ChapterTanzania
051015202530
1
2
3
7
8
9
11
20
29
34
36
37
38
39
40
41
44
51
52
55
60
61
62
68
69
70
71
74
81
84
85
90
93Average rate of duty (%)
HS ChapterZambia
051015202530354045
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
11
12
15
16
20
25
27
29
30
32
33
36
39
44
48
52
54
58
60
*63
64
69
73
74
78
81
84
85
87
94Average rate of duty (%)
HS ChapterZimbabweWT/REG368 /1 
- 25 - 
 
 
  stage transformation requirement for non -originating materials to single stage 
transformation.  
b. Annex VIII Concerning Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures was adopted in July 2008. 
Its objectives include enhancing Member States ' implementation of the WTO Agreement 
on the Application of SPS Measures, as well as enhancing technical capacity to 
implement and monitor SPS measures including promoting greater use of international 
standards and other matters concerning SPS.  
c. Annex IX Concerning Technical Barriers to Trade was also adopted by Ministers of Trade 
in July 2008. The objective of the TBT Annex is to provide a common technical 
regulatory framework supported by SADC TBT cooperation structures. The Annex 
superseded the the n SQAM MoU under which the TBT cooperation structures were 
operating until 2008. The provisions of the TBT Annex are meant to guide the 
development, adoption, implementation and maintenance of Technical Regulations as 
provide for in Article 17 of the SADC Protocol on Trade. The provisions apply to technical 
regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures as defined in the WTO TBT 
Agreement.  
4  GENERAL PROVISIONS O F THE AGREEMENT  
4.1  Relationship with other agreements concluded by the Parties  
4.1.  Table 4.1  sets out other regional trade agreements to which the Parties are party.  
Table 4.1 SADC Member States (in bold): Participation in RTAs (notified and non -notified 
in force), as of 15 January 2018  
RTA Name  Date  of 
entry into 
force  Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year WTO Provision  
SADC Member States - Collectively  
Southern African Development Community 
(SADC)a 01-Sept-00 Goods  2004 GATT Art. XXIV  
 SADC - Accession of Seychelles  25-May-15 Goods  2016 GATT Art. XXIV  
 SADC - Accession of Madagascar  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
Individual SADC Member States  
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 
(COMESA)b 08-Dec-94 Goods  1995 Enabling Clause  
 COMESA - Accession of Egypt  17-Feb-99 Goods  2017 Enabling Clause  
 COMESA - Accession of Djibouti  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
 COMESA - Accession of DR Congo  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
 COMESA - Accession of Libya  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
 COMESA - Accession of Madagascar  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
 COMESA - Accession of Seychelles  June 1993  Goods  Not notified  
 COMESA – Withdrawal of Angola   Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
 COMESA - Withdrawal of Lesotho  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
 COMESA - Withdrawal of Tanzania  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
East African Community (EAC)c 07-Jul-00 
01-Jul-10 Goods  
Services  2000 
2012 Enabling Clause  
GATS Art. V  
 EAC - Accession of Burundi and Rwanda  01-Jul-07 Goods  2012 Enabling Clause  
 EAC - Accession of South Sudan  Not provided  Goods & 
Services  Not notified  
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)d 15-Jul-04 Goods  2007 GATT Art. XXIV  
European Union – SADCe 10-Oct-16 Goods  2017 GATT Art. XXIV  
Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) - SACUf 01-Apr-16 Goods  2017 Enabling Clause  
Turkey – Mauritius  01-Jun-13 Goods  2013 GATT Art. XXIV  
European Union - Eastern and Southern Africa 
States Interim EPAg 14-May-12 Goods  2012 GATT Art. XXIV  
European Free Trade Association (EFTA) - SACUh 01-May-08 Goods  2008 GATT Art. XXIV  WT/REG368 /1 
- 26 - 
 
  RTA Name  Date  of 
entry into 
force  Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year WTO Provision  
Mauritius – Pakistan  30-Nov-07 Goods  2015 Enabling Clause  
European Union - South Africa  01-Jan-00 Goods  2000 GATT Art. XXIV  
Global System of Trade Preferences among 
Developing Countries (GSTP)i 19-Apr-89 Goods  1989 Enabling Clause  
Botswana - Malawi  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
Botswana - Zimbabwe  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
Indian Ocean Commission Trade Protocol (IOC)j Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
Namibia - Zimbabwe  Not provided  Goods  Not notified  
a The notification made in 2004 (WT/REG /176/N/1/Rev.1) indicated that the Parties to the SADC were 
as follows: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South 
Africa, Eswatini , Tanzania, Zambia  and Zimbabwe . The Treaty of Accession of Seychelles was 
notified in 2016 (WT /REG368/N/1). The Treaty of Accession of Madagascar is yet to be notified.  
b  The notification made in 1995 (WT/COMTD/N/3) indicated that the Parties to the COMESA were as 
follows: Angola ; Burundi; Comoros; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Kenya; Lesotho; Malawi; Mauritius ; 
Rwanda; Sudan; Eswatini ; Tanzania ; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe . The Treaty of Accession of 
Egypt was notified in 2017 (WT/COMTD/N/51).  The Treaties of Accessions of Djibouti, DR Congo, 
Libya, Madagascar and Seychelles are yet to be notified.  The wi thdrawals of Angola, Lesotho and 
Tanzania have not yet been notified.  
c The notification made in 2000 (WT/COMTD/N/14) indicated that the Parties to the EAC were as 
follows: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The Treaties of Accessions of Burundi and Rwanda were 
notified in 2012 (WT/COMTD/N/14/Add.2 and S/C/N/655).  The Treaty of Accession of South Sudan 
is yet to be notified.  
d  SACU Members are: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Eswatini . 
e  The EU -SADC Agreement has been provisionally applied between the EU and Botswana, Lesotho, 
Namibia, South Africa  and Eswatini  since 10 October 2016. Ratification by Mozambique is still 
pending.  
f  MERCOSUR Members are: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay  and Venezuela.   
g The EU -ESA interim EPA has been provisionally applied between the EU and Madagascar, 
Mauritius , Seychelles and Zimbabwe  since 14 May 2012.  
h  EFTA Members are:  Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.  
i SADC Members which are part ies to the GSTP: Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe  
(notification made in 1989, WTO Document L/6564).  
j SADC Members which are parties to the Indian Ocean Commission: Mauritius  and Seychelles . 
Source:  WTO Secretariat.  
  WT/REG368 /1 
- 27 - 
 
 
  ANNEX 1  
1. A comparison between the scheduled elimination of tariffs applied to the Seychelles' imports 
and the duty rates applied on MFN imports is shown in Table A1.1, by agricultural (WTO 
definition), non -agricultural and total products. Applied MFN duty rates in 2015 serve as a 
comparison.  
2. The Seychelles' overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 2015 was 3. 1% (Table A1.1). The 
average applied tariff on agricultural goods was 4.7%, compared to an average applied tariff of 
2.8% on non -agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 85.6% of all tariff lines. 
Upon its accession to the SADC Trade Protocol, for imports from SADC countries the Seychelles' 
share of duty -free tariff lines in agricultural products rose from 75.3% to 86. 6%, while the share 
of duty-free tariff lines in non -agricultural products rose from 87.6% to 92. 7%. Ten years after the 
entry into force of the Agreement, in 2025, SADC countries' exporters will face zero duties on 
96.7% of the Seychelles' tariff lines (97.8% for non -agricultur al products and 90.9% for 
agricultural products). By the end of the transition period in 2026, 92.1% of agricultural products 
and 98.6% of non -agricultural products will be duty -free. 
Table A1. 1 Seychelles: Indicators of MFN tar iff rates and preferential rates for imports 
from SADC   
Origin 
of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  Agricultural productsa Non-agricultural products  
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN*  2015 3.1 22.6 85.6 4.7 23.8 75.3 2.8 22.3 87.6 
SADC*  2015 1.4 18.6 91.7 2.3 27.1 86.6 1.2 16.8 92.7 
 2016 1.3 17.3 91.7 2.2 26.6 86.6 1.1 15.4 92.7 
 2017 1.2 17.7 92.4 2.2 26.2 86.6 1.0 15.8 93.6 
 2018 1.1 16.8 92.6 2.2 25.7 86.6 0.9 14.7 93.7 
 2019 1.0 15.6 92.6 2.1 25.3 86.6 0.8 13.3 93.7 
 2020 1.0 14.5 92.6 2.1 24.8 86.6 0.8 12.0 93.7 
 2021 0.9 13.3 92.6 2.0 24.3 86.6 0.7 10.6 93.7 
 2022 0.8 11.7 92.6 1.9 23.0 86.6 0.6 9.0 93.7 
 2023 0.7 27.0 96.7 1.8 47.1 90.9 0.5 20.7 97.8 
 2024 0.7 27.0 96.7 1.8 47.1 90.9 0.5 20.7 97.8 
 2025 0.7 27.0 96.7 1.8 47.1 90.9 0.5 20.7 97.8 
 2026 0.5 34.0 97.5 1.6 62.7 92.1 0.4 24.8 98.6 
* Added 83 tariff lines to complete the products under the HS 2002 nomenclature: 70 tariff lines are 
already duty -free at the MFN 2015 level and the remaining 13 tariff lines are dutiable.  80 tariff lines 
are treated as Category A (immediate liberalization), 2 as Category C and 1 as Category E.  
a WTO Definition.  
Note:  For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  part of compound 
duties are included.  Based o n the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities.  
 
3. The Seychelles' exports benefitted from immediate tariff reductions in SADC countries' 
markets (Table A1.2). In SACU  member states, the share of duty -free tariff lines on all products 
increased from 55.7% (MFN 2015) to 99.9% for imports from the Seychelles . For agricultural 
products the share of duty -free lines increased from 40.7% to 99.5%, while for non -agricultural 
products the corresponding figures rose from 58.4% to 99%.  
4. In Lesotho, the share of duty -free tariff lines on all products for imports from the Seychelles 
increased from 55.7% (MFN 2015) to 99.9%. The corresponding figures for agricultural products 
showed an increase from 40.3% to 99.6% and for non -agricultural products from 58.5% to 
99.9%.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 28 - 
 
  5. In Malawi , the share of duty -free tariff lines on all products for imports from the Seychelles 
increased from 31.7% (MFN 2015) to 99. 8%. The corresponding figures for a gricultural products 
showed an increase from 11% to 99.6% and for non -agricultural products from 35.2% to 99. 8%. 
6. In Mauritius , the share of duty -free tariff lines on all products for imports from the 
Seychelles increased from 88.8% (MFN 2015) to 100%. The corresponding figures for agricultural 
products showed an increase from 87% to 100% and for non -agricultural products from 89.1% to 
100%. 
7. In Mozambique , the share of duty -free tariff lines on all products for imports from the 
Seychelles increased from 3.6% (MFN 201 6) to 93.8%. The corresponding figures for agricultural 
products showed an increase from 1% to 85.7% and for non -agricultural products from 4% to 
95.1%. 
8. In Tanzania , the share of duty -free tariff lines on all products for imports from the 
Seychell es increased from 36.9% (MFN 2015) to 99%. The corresponding figures for agricultural 
products showed an increase from 15.5% to 97.8% and for non -agricultural products from 40.5% 
to 99. 1%. 
9. In Zambia , the share of duty -free tariff lines on all products for imports from the Seychelles 
increased  from 29.7% (MFN 2015) to 96.7%. The corresponding figures for agricultural products 
showed an increase from 1.8% to 94.8% and for non -agricultural products from 34.3% to 97%. 
10. In Zimbabwe , the share of duty -free tar iff lines on all products for imports from the 
Seychelles increased from 10.1% (MFN 2015) to 97.7%. The corresponding figures for agricultural 
products showed an increase from 5.4% to 96.4% and for non -agricultural products from 10.9% 
to 98%. 
Table A1. 2 SADC member states: Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for 
imports from Seychelles  
Origin of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTSa Agricultural productsb Non-agricultural productsb 
Average applied 
tariff  Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%)  Average applied 
tariff  Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
SACU  (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini ) 
MFN 2015 8.5 19.8 55.7 12.2 21.7 40.7 7.9 19.4 58.4 
Seychelles  2015 0.0 46.7 99.9 0.0 0.0 99.5 0.0 46.7 99.9 
SACU (Lesotho)  
MFN 2015 8.6 19.9 55.7 12.4 21.9 40.3 7.9 19.5 58.5 
Seychelles  2015 0.0 46.7 99.9 0.0 0.0 99.6 0.0 46.7 99.9 
Malawi  
MFN 2015 12.7 18.6 31.7 18.9 21.2 11.0 11.6 17.9 35.2 
Seychelles  2015 0.0 13.0 99.8 0.0 13.3 99.6 0.0 12.9 99.8 
Mauritius  
MFN 2015 1.1 16.7 88.8 1.8 14.2 87.0 1.0 17.6 89.1 
Seychelles  2015 0.0 0.0 100.0  0.0 0.0 100.0  0.0 0.0 100.0  
Mozambique  
MFN 2016 10.0 10.4 3.6 13.4 13.6 1.0 9.5 9.9 4.0 
Seychelles  2016 0.8 13.4 93.8 2.0 14.2 85.7 0.6 13.1 95.1 
Tanzania  
MFN 2015 12.9 20.4 36.9 20.5 24.2 15.5 11.6 19.6 40.5 
Seychelles  2015 0.2 21.8 99.0 0.5 23.2 97.8 0.2 21.3 99.1 
Zambia  
MFN 2015 12.7 18.0 29.7 18.9 19.3 1.8 11.6 17.7 34.3 
Seychelles  2015 0.7 20.5 96.7 1.0 20.8 94.8 0.6 20.5 97.0 
Zimbabwe  
MFN 2015 15.5 17.3 10.1 25.4 27.0 5.4 13.9 15.7 10.9 
Seychelles  2015 0.3 12.2 97.7 0.5 14.2 96.4 0.2 11.6 98.0 
a HS chapters 1 -97 only.  
b WTO Definition.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 29 - 
 
 
   For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  part of alternate 
rates are included.   
 Based on HS 2012 nomenclature except for Mozambique which is based on HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO-IDB, Trade Analysis Information System (TRAINS).  
11. Tables A1. 3-A1.14 show the market access opportunities in the Seychelles for the SADC 
countries' top 25 exports. The table s show in which year all HS 8 -digit tariff lines corresponding to 
the pro duct definition will become duty free under the Agreement.  
12. In 2012 -2014 Botswana's top 25 exports  accounted on average for 95.1% of its global 
exports and covered a total of 40 HS lines of which 2 5 were already duty free on an MFN basis in 
the Seychelles'  market in 2015  (Table A1. 3). Of the remaining 15  lines, five are scheduled to be 
liberalized by the end of the transition period  and ten remain dutiable . The products  remaining 
dutiable are all motor vehicles , with an MFN applied rate ranging from 16.3% to 25% in 2015 .  
Table A1. 3 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Botswana's 
top 25 exports to the world  
Botswana's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import markets  
HS n umber and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  No. of duty free 
lines under the 
agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Averag
e MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-able 
2015  
2023  
2026  
710231  Non-industrial diamonds unworked or 
simply sawn, cleaved or bruted  71.2 0.0 1      
710239  Diamonds, worked, but not mounted or 
set (excl. industrial diamonds)  10.8 0.0 1      
750110  Nickel mattes  5.1 0.0 1      
260300  Copper ores and concentrates  1.7 0.0 1      
020230  Frozen, boneless meat of bovine animals  0.9 0.0 1      
710812  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, 
unwrought, for non -monetary purposes  0.8 0.0 1      
710221  Industrial diamonds unworked or simply 
sawn, cleaved or bruted  0.7 0.0 1      
854430  Ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets 
for vehicles, aircraft or ships  0.5 0.0 1      
283620  Disodium carbonate  0.5 0.0 1      
020130  Fresh or chilled bovine meat, boneless  0.5 0.0 1      
250100  Salts, incl. table salt and denatured salt, 
and pure sodium chloride, whether or not 
in aqueous solution or containing added 
anti-caking or free -flowing agents; sea 
water  0.3 0.0 1      
870323  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport of 
persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 
cm³ but <= 3.000 cm³  0.3 16.3 3 9   3 6 
271011  Light oils and preparations, of petroleum 
or bituminous minerals which >= 90% by 
volume distil at 210°c  0.3 0.0 2      
720421  Waste and scrap of stainless steel "ecsc"  0.3 0.0 1      
170410  Chewing gum, whether or not sugar 
coated  0.2 0.0 1      
630260  Toilet linen and kitchen linen, of terry 
towelling or similar terry fabrics of cotton  0.1 25.0  1 1    
391739  Flexible tubes, pipes and hoses, and 
fittings therefor, of plastics, reinforced or 
otherwise combined with other materials  0.1 0.0 1      
270112  Bituminous coal "ecsc", whether or not 
pulverized, non -agglomerated  0.1 0.0 1      
300230  Vaccines for veterinary medicine  0.1 0.0 1      
840710  Spark -ignition reciprocating or rotary 
internal combustion piston engine, for 
aircraft  0.1 0.0 1      WT/REG368 /1 
- 30 - 
 
  Botswana's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import markets  
HS n umber and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  No. of duty free 
lines under the 
agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Averag
e MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-able 
2015  
2023  
2026  
481940  Sacks and bags, incl. cones, of paper, 
paperboard, cellulose wadding or webs of 
cellulose fibres  0.1 0.0 1      
580810  Braids in the piece  0.1 0.0 1      
850710  Lead-acid accumulators of a kind used for 
starting piston engine "starter batteries"  0.1 0.0 1      
620349  Men's or boys' trousers, bib and brace 
overalls, breeches and shorts of textile 
materials  0.1 25.0  1  1   
870421  Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, 
of a gross vehicle weight not exceeding 5 
tonnes  0.1 25.0  4    4 
TOTALS  95.1  25 15 1 1 3 10 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
13. In 2012 -2014 Lesotho's top 25 exports accounted on average for 77.7% of its global exports 
and covered  a total of 33 HS lines of which 16 were already duty free on an MFN basis in the 
Seychelles' market in 2015  (Table A1. 4). Of the remaining 17 lines, 11 are to be liberalized in 
2023 and six remain dutiable. The product s remaining dutiable are mineral wate rs and faced an 
MFN applied rate of 7.5% in 2015 .  
Table A1. 4 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Lesotho's 
top 25 exports to the world  
Lesotho's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to 
Seychelles' import markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  
No. of duty free 
lines under the 
agreement 2023  
Remain Dutiable  Average 
MFN applied 
rate (%)  No. of 
lines duty-
free 
duti-
able 
710510  Dust and powder of diamonds, incl. synthetic diamonds  21.0 0.0 1    
620342  Men's or boys' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts, 
of cotton  9.7 25.0  1 1  
220110  Mineral waters and aerated waters, not containing added sugar, other 
sweetening matter or flavoured  6.1 SCR 
7.5/lt   3  3 
220190  Ordinary natural water, not containing added sugar, other sweetening 
matter or flavoured; ice and snow  4.3 SCR 
7.5/lt   3  3 
610463  Women's or girls' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and 
shorts of synthetic fibres, knitted or crocheted  3.9 25.0  1 1  
510119  Greasy wool, incl. fleece -washed wool, neither carded nor combed  3.1 0.0 1    
853890  Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of 
heading 8535, 8536 or 8537, n.e.s.  3.1 0.0 1    
610520  Men's or boys' shirts of man -made fibres, knitted or crocheted  2.8 25.0  1 1  
611030  Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of man -
made fibres, knitted or crocheted  2.6 25.0  1 1  
620462  Women's or girls' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and 
shorts of cotton  2.4 25.0  1 1  
610990  T-shirts, singlets and other vests of textile materials, knitted or 
crocheted  2.2 12.5 1 1 1  
610510  Men's or boys' shirts of cotton, knitted or crocheted  1.7 25.0  1 1  
610910  T-shirts, singlets and other vests of cotton, knitted or crocheted  1.5 12.5 1 1 1  
710210  Diamonds, unsorted  1.5 0.0 1    
853931  Discharge lamps, fluorescent, hot cathode  1.4 0.0 1    WT/REG368 /1 
- 31 - 
 
 
  Lesotho's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to 
Seychelles' import markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  
No. of duty free 
lines under the 
agreement 2023  
Remain Dutiable  Average 
MFN applied 
rate (%)  No. of 
lines duty-
free 
duti-
able 
610462  Women's or girls' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and 
shorts of cotton, knitted or crocheted  1.4 25.0  1 1  
853620  Automatic  circuit breakers for a voltage <= 1.000 v  1.3 0.0 1    
620339  Men's or boys' jackets and blazers of textile materials  1.2 25.0  1 1  
640419  Footwear with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile 
materials  1.1 0.0 1    
520710  Cotton yarn containing >= 85% cotton by weight, put up for retail 
sale  1.1 0.0 1    
110510  Flour, meal and powder of potatoes  1.0 0.0 1    
852812  Television receivers, colour, whether or not incorporating radio -
broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing 
apparatus  0.9 0.0 1    
611020  Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of 
cotton, knitted or crocheted  0.9 25.0  1 1  
520512  Single cotton yarn, of uncombed fibres, containing > = 85% cotton by 
weight and with a linear density of 232,56 decitex to < 714,29 decitex 
"> mc 14 to mc 43"  0.8 0.0 1    
110100  Wheat or meslin flour  0.7 0.0 3    
TOTALS  77.7  16 17 11 6 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities, UNSD, Comtrade database (2012 export 
data) and ITC Trademap (2013 -2014 export data).  
14. In 2012 -2014 Malawi's top 25 exports accounted on average for 86% of its global exports 
and covered a total of 28 HS lines of which 22 were already duty free on an MFN basis in the 
Seychelles' market in 2015  (Table A1. 5). Of the remaining six lines, one was  liberalized in 2015 
and the other is due to be liberalized in 2023. The four products  remaining dutiable are tob acco 
products and tea  whose applied MFN tariffs in 2015 ranged from 5% to 25% .  
Table A1. 5 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Malawi's 
top 25 exports to the world  
Malawi's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
2015  
2023  
240120  Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped, otherwise 
unmanufactured  37.1 5.0  1   1 
240110  Tobacco, unstemmed/unstripped  11.8 5.0  1   1 
261210  Uranium ores and concentrates  8.2 0.0 1     
090240  Black fermented tea and partly fermented tea, whether 
or not flavoured, in immediate packings of > 3 kg  6.2 25.0  1   1 
170111  Raw cane sugar  5.8 0.0 1     
120220  Shelled ground -nuts, whether or not broken  3.7 0.0 1     
520100  Cotton, neither carded nor combed  2.1 0.0 1     
071310  Dried, shelled peas "pisum sativum", whether or not 
skinned or split  1.5 0.0 1     WT/REG368 /1 
- 32 - 
 
  Malawi's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  
Avg. 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
2015  
2023  
842641  Mobile cranes and works trucks fitted with a crane, self -
propelled, on tyres  1.3 0.0 1     
080290  Nuts, fresh or dried, whether or not shelled or peeled  1.2 0.0 2     
140420  Cotton linters  0.7 0.0 1     
120100  Soya beans, whether or not broken  0.7 0.0 1     
400129  Natural rubber in primary forms or in plates, sheets or 
strip  0.6 0.0 1     
440799  Wood, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, 
whether or not planed, sanded or end -jointed, of a 
thickness of > 6 mm  0.6 0.0 1     
441299  Veneered panels and similar laminated wood not 
containing particle board  0.5 0.0 1     
620690  Women's or girls' blouses, shirts and shirt -blouses of 
textile materials  0.5 25.0  1  1  
842959  Self-propelled mechanical shovels, excavators and 
shovel loaders  0.5 0.0 1     
520300  Cotton, carded or combed  0.5 0.0 1     
230610  Oil-cake and other solid residues, whether or not ground 
or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of 
cotton seeds  0.4 0.0 1     
870410  Dumpers for off -highway use  0.4 0.0 1     
071320  Dried, shelled chickpeas "garbanzos", whether or not 
skinned or split  0.4 0.0 1     
120720  Cotton seeds, whether or not broken  0.4 0.0 1     
392321  Sacks and bags, incl. cones, of polymers of ethylene  0.4 1.7 2 1 1   
240130  Tobacco refuse  0.4 5.0  1   1 
842920  Self-propelled graders and levellers  0.3 0.0 1     
TOTALS  86  22 6 1 1 4 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
15. In 2012 -2014 Mauritius' top 25 exports accounted on average for 70.5% of its global 
exports and covered a total of 32 HS lines of which 2 1 were already duty free on an MFN basis in 
the Seychelles' market in 2015 (Table A1. 6). Of the remaining 11 lines, one is liberalized in 2015 
and nine are due to be liberalized in 2023. The product  remaining dutiable is froz en fish , which had 
an MFN applied tariff of 25% in 2015 .  WT/REG368 /1 
- 33 - 
 
 
  Table A1. 6 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Mauritius' 
top 25 exports to the world  
Mauritius' top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' 
import markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agreement  
Remain dutiable  Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  No. of 
lines duty-free 
dutiable  
2015  
2023  
160414  Prepared or preserved tunas, skipjack and atlantic bonito, whole 
or in pieces  13.6 0.0 1     
170199  Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form  8.0 0.0 1     
620520  Men's or boys' shirts of cotton  6.6 25.0  1  1  
610910  T-shirts, singlets and other vests of cotton, knitted or crocheted  5.9 12.5 1 1  1  
852520  Transmission apparatus incorporating reception apparatus, for 
radio-telephony, radio -telegraphy, radio -broadcasting or 
television  4.9 0.0 2     
620342  Men's  or boys' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and 
shorts, of cotton  4.4 25.0  1  1  
610990  T-shirts, singlets and other vests of textile materials, knitted or 
crocheted  3.7 12.5 1 1  1  
710239  Diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set  3.5 0.0 1     
170111  Raw cane sugar  3.4 0.0 1     
030379  Frozen freshwater and saltwater fish  2.7 25.0  1   1 
711319  Articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of precious metal other 
than silver, whether or not plated or clad with precious metal  1.8 0.0 1     
620462  Women's or girls' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and 
shorts of cotton  1.5 25.0  1  1  
610510  Men's or boys' shirts of cotton, knitted or crocheted  1.3 25.0  1  1  
611020  Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of 
cotton, knitted or crocheted  1.3 25.0  1  1  
300490  Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for 
therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, put up in measured doses 
"incl. those in the form of transdermal administration" or in 
forms or packings for retail  1.3 0.0 4     
611090  Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of 
textile materials, knitted or crocheted  0.8 25.0  1  1  
010611  Live primates  0.8 0.0 1     
030420  Frozen fish fillets  0.7 25.0  1 1   
901890  Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical or 
veterinary sciences, n.e.s.  0.7 0.0 1     
510610  Carded wool yarn containing >= 85% wool by weight  0.7 0.0 1     
392330  Carboys, bottles, flasks and similar articles for the conveyance 
or packaging  of goods, of plastics  0.7 0.0 2     
610449  Women's or girls' dresses of textile materials  0.6 25.0  1  1  
911390  Watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets, and parts 
thereof, n.e.s.  0.6 0.0 1     
160420  Prepared or preserved fish  0.6 0.0 1     
230120  Flours, meals and pellets of fish or crustaceans, molluscs or 
other aquatic invertebrates, unfit for human consumption  0.6 0.0 1     
TOTALS  70.5  21 11 1 9 1 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
16. In 2012 -2014 Mozambique's top 25 exports accounted on average for 87.6% of its global 
exports and covered a total of 35 HS lines of which 33 were already duty free on an MFN basis in 
the Seychelles' market in 2015 (Table A1. 7). The remaining two products  – tobacco and bananas – WT/REG368 /1 
- 34 - 
 
  with average MFN tariffs in 2015 of 5% and 50% respectively, are not liberalized  under the 
Agreement.  
Table A1. 7 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for 
Mozambique's top 25 exports to the world  
Mozambique's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' 
import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
760410  Bars, rods and profiles, of non -alloy aluminium, n.e.s.  26.2 0.0 1   
270400  Coke and semi -coke of coal, of lignite or of peat, whether or not 
agglomerated; retort carbon  11.8 0.0 1   
271600  Electrical energy  6.6 0.0 1   
240120  Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped, otherwise 
unmanufactured  5.9 5.0  1 1 
271111  Natural gas, liquefied  5.2 0.0 1   
271121  Natural gas in gaseous state  5.0 0.0 1   
380290  Activated kieselguhr and other activated natural mineral products; 
animal black, whether or not spent  4.7 0.0 1   
261400  Titanium ores and concentrates  3.9 0.0 1   
170111  Raw cane sugar  3.4 0.0 1   
760110  Aluminium, not alloyed, unwrought  3.0 0.0 1   
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of petroleum or bituminous 
minerals, n.e.s.  1.6 0.0 10   
901590  Parts and accessories for instruments and appliances used in 
geodesy, topography, photogrammetrical  surveying, hydrography, 
oceanography, hydrology, meteorology or geophysics, and for 
rangefinders, n.e.s.  1.2 0.0 1   
520100  Cotton, neither carded nor combed  1.1 0.0 1   
890190  Vessels for the transport of goods and vessels for the transport of 
both persons and goods  1.1 0.0 1   
261510  Zirconium ores and concentrates  0.8 0.0 1   
030613  Frozen shrimps and prawns, whether in shell or not, incl. shrimps 
and prawns in shell, cooked by steaming or by boiling in water  0.7 0.0 2   
080300  Bananas, incl. plantains, fresh or dried  0.7 50.0  1 1 
120740  Sesamum seeds, whether or not broken  0.7 0.0 1   
520300  Cotton, carded or combed  0.7 0.0 1   
710391  Rubies, sapphires and emeralds, worked, whether or not graded, 
but not strung, mounted or set, rubies, sapphires and emeralds, 
worked, ungraded, temporarily strung for convenience of transport  0.6 0.0 1   
440729  Tropical wood specified in subheading note 1 to this chapter, sawn 
or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, 
sanded or end -jointed, of a thickness of > 6 mm  0.6 0.0 1   
843143  Parts for boring or sinking machinery of subheading 8430 .41 or 
8430.49, n.e.s.  0.6 0.0 1   
440799  Wood, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or 
not planed, sanded or end -jointed, of a thickness of > 6 mm  0.5 0.0 1   
890520  Floating or submersible drilling or production platforms  0.5 0.0 1   
890590  Light-vessels, fire -floats, floating cranes and other vessels, the 
navigability of which is subsidiary to their main function  0.5 0.0 1   
TOTALS  87.6  33 2 2 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
17. In 2012 -2014 Namibia's  top 25 exports accounted on average for 75.7% of its global 
exports and covered a total of 43 HS lines of which 2 3 were already duty free on an MFN basis in 
the Seychelles' market in 2015 (Table A1. 8). Of the remaining 20 lines, three  are liberalized in 
2015 and three in 2026. The 14 products  remaining dutiable are fish, beer and motor vehicles  with 
average MFN tariff s in 2015 ranging from 16.3% to 25.9% .  WT/REG368 /1 
- 35 - 
 
 
  Table A1. 8 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Namibia's 
top 25 exports to the world  
Namibia's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles'  import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  No. of duty 
free lines 
under the 
agreement  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 2015  2026  
710231  Non-industrial diamonds unworked or 
simply sawn, cleaved or bruted (excl. 
industrial diamonds)  20.3 0.0 1     
261210  Uranium ores and concentrates  9.4 0.0 1     
890520  Floating or submersible drilling or 
production platforms  6.6 0.0 1     
030379  Frozen freshwater and saltwater fish  4.4 25.0  1   1 
790112  Unwrought zinc, not alloyed, containing by 
weight < 99,99% of zinc  3.7 0.0 1     
260300  Copper ores and concentrates  3.5 0.0 1     
740311  Copper, refined, in the form of cathodes and 
sections of cathodes  3.1 0.0 1     
710239  Diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set  2.9 0.0 1     
030420  Frozen fish fillets  2.8 25.0  1 1   
220300  Beer made from malt  2.3 SCR25.93
/l  6   6 
890400  Tugs and pusher craft  2.0 0.0 1     
030374  Frozen mackerel " scomber scombrus, 
scomber australasicus, scomber japonicus"  1.8 25.0  1   1 
710813  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, in 
semi-manufactured forms, for non -
monetary purposes  1.7 0.0 1     
870323  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport of 
persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ 
but <= 3.000 cm³  1.4 16.3 3 9  3 6 
890690  Vessels, incl. lifeboats  1.4 0.0 2     
030378  Frozen hake "merluccius spp., urophycis  
spp." 1.3 25.0  1 1   
260800  Zinc ores and concentrates  1.1 0.0 1     
790111  Unwrought zinc, not alloyed, containing by 
weight >= 99,99% of zinc  1.1 0.0 1     
271011  Light oils and preparations, of petroleum or 
bituminous minerals which >= 90% by 
volume distil at 210°c  1.0 0.0 2     
020130  Fresh or chilled bovine meat, boneless  0.8 0.0 1     
250100  Salts, incl. table salt and denatured salt, 
and pure sodium chloride, whether or not in 
aqueous solution or containing added anti -
caking or free-flowing agents; sea water  0.6 0.0 1     
160413  Prepared or preserved sardines, sardinella 
and brisling or sprats, whole or in pieces  0.6 0.0 1     
010210  Pure-bred breeding bovines  0.6 0.0 1     
020230  Frozen, boneless meat of bovine animals  0.6 0.0 1     
080610  Fresh grapes  0.6 15.0  1 1   
TOTALS  75.7  23 20 3 3 14 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
18. In 2012 -2014 South Africa's top 25 exports accounted on average for 52.3% of its global 
exports and covered a total of 54 HS lines of which 35 were already duty free on an MFN basis in 
the Seychelles' market in 2015 (Table A1. 9). Of the remaining 19 lines, five are to be liberalized in 
2026 and 14 remain dutiable. The products remaining dutiable are all motor vehicles  which faced 
an average applied MFN rate in 2015 ranging from 16.3% to 25% .  WT/REG368 /1 
- 36 - 
 
  Table A1. 9 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for South 
Africa's top 25 exports to the world  
South Africa's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agreement  
2026  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
710813  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, in semi -
manufactured forms, for non -monetary  
purposes  7.0 0.0 1    
270112  Bituminous coal "ecsc", whether or not 
pulverized, non -agglomerated  6.1 0.0 1    
260112  Agglomerated iron ores and concentrates "ecsc"  5.5 0.0 1    
711019  Platinum, in semi -manufactured forms  3.5 0.0 1    
271011  Light oils and preparations, of petroleum or 
bituminous minerals which >= 90% by volume 
distil at 210°c  3.2 0.0 2    
720241  Ferro-chromium, containing by weight > 4% of 
carbon  3.0 0.0 1    
870323  Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally 
designed for the transport of persons, of a 
cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <= 3.000 
cm³  2.7 16.3 3 9 3 6 
260111  Non-agglomerated iron ores and concentrates 
"ecsc"  2.6 0.0 1    
711011  Platinum, unwrought or in powder form  2.5 0.0 1    
870421  Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, of a 
gross vehicle weight not exceeding 5 tonnes  2.4 25.0  4  4 
842139  Machinery and apparatus for filtering or 
purifying gases  2.0 0.0 1    
260200  Manganese ores and concentrates, incl. 
ferruginous manganese ores and concentrates, 
with a manganese content of >= 20%, 
calculated on the dry weight "ecsc"  1.5 0.0 1    
710231  Non-industrial diamonds unworked or simply 
sawn, cleaved or bruted  1.4 0.0 1    
261000  Chromium ores and concentrates  1.2 0.0 1    
760110  Aluminium, not alloyed, unwrought  1.1 0.0 1    
870322  Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally 
designed for the transport of persons, incl. 
station wagons and racing cars, with spark -
ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston 
engine of a cylinder capacity > 1.000 cm³ but 
<= 1.500 cm³  0.8 16.3 2 6 2 4 
711021  Palladium, unwrought or in powder form  0.8 0.0 1    
710239  Diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set  0.7 0.0 1    
261400  Titanium ores and concentrates  0.7 0.0 1    
470200  Chemical wood pulp, dissolving grades  0.7 0.0 1    
080510  Fresh or dried oranges  0.6 0.0 1    
271600  Electrical energy  0.6 0.0 1    
100590  Maize  0.6 0.0 1    
220421  Wine of fresh grapes, incl. fortified wines, and 
grape must whose fermentation has been 
arrested by the addition of alcohol, in 
containers of <= 2 l  0.5 0.0 8    
260300  Copper ores and concentrates  0.5 0.0 1    
TOTALS  52.3  35 19 5 14 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 37 - 
 
 
  19. In 2012 -2014 Eswatini 's top 25 exports accounted on average for 85.4% of its global 
exports and covered a total of 33 HS lines of which 28 were already duty free on an MFN basis in 
the Seychelles' market in 2015 (Table A1.1 0). The remaining five lines are to be liberalized in 
2023.  
Table A1. 10 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Eswatini 's 
top 25 exports to the world   
Eswatini 's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' 
import markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  
No. of duty free 
lines under the 
agreement  
2023  Average 
MFN applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  duty-
free 
duti-
able 
330210  Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures, incl. 
alcoholic solutions, with a basis of one or more of these 
substances, of a kind used in the food and drink 
industries  27.6 0.0 1   
170111  Raw cane sugar  18.4 0.0 1   
382490  Chemical products and preparations of the chemical or 
allied industries, incl. those consisting of mixtures of 
natural products, n.e.s.  16.3 0.0 1   
260111  Non-agglomerated iron ores and concentrates "ecsc"  3.9 0.0 1   
291814  Citric acid  1.7 0.0 1   
490199  Printed books, brochures and similar printed matter  1.6 0.0 1   
170199  Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid 
form  1.4 0.0 1   
440729  Tropical wood specified in subheading note 1 to this 
chapter, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, 
whether or not planed, sanded or end -jointed, of a 
thickness of > 6 mm  1.4 0.0 1   
610910  T-shirts, singlets and other vests of cotton, knitted or  
crocheted  1.3 12.5 1 1 1 
170410  Chewing gum, whether or not sugar coated  1.2 0.0 1   
630533  Sacks and bags, for the packing of goods, of 
polyethylene or polypropylene strip or the like  1.0 0.0 1   
270119  Coal "ecsc ", whether or not pulverized, non -
agglomerated  1.0 0.0 1   
481910  Cartons, boxes and cases, of corrugated paper or 
paperboard  0.8 0.0 1   
620342  Men's or boys' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches 
and shorts, of cotton  0.8 25.0  1 1 
230990  Preparations of a kind used in animal feeding  0.8 0.0 6   
620462  Women's or girls' trousers, bib and brace overalls, 
breeches and shorts of cotton  0.7 25.0  1 1 
170290  Sugars in solid form, incl. invert sugar and chemically 
pure maltose, and sugar and sugar syrup blends 
containing in the dry state 50% by weight of fructose  0.7 0.0 1   
440910  Coniferous wood, incl. strips and friezes for parquet 
flooring, not assembled, continuously shaped "tongued, 
grooved, rebated, chamfered, v -jointed beaded, 
moulded , rounded or the like" along any of its edges, 
ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end -
jointed  0.7 0.0 1   
621132  Men's or boys' track suits and other garments, n.e.s. of 
cotton (excl. knitted or crocheted)  0.7 25.0  1 1 
220710  Undenatured  ethyl alcohol, of actual alcoholic strength of 
>= 80%  0.7 0.0 2   
170490  Sugar confectionery not containing cocoa, incl. white 
chocolate  0.6 0.0 2   
440110  Fuel wood, in logs, billets, twigs, faggots or similar forms  0.6 0.0 1   
200799  Jams, jellies, marmalades, purees or pastes of fruit, 
obtained by cooking, whether or not containing added 
sugar or other sweetening matter  0.6 0.0 1   WT/REG368 /1 
- 38 - 
 
  Eswatini 's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' 
import markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  
No. of duty free 
lines under the 
agreement  
2023  Average 
MFN applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  duty-
free 
duti-
able 
620349  Men's or boys' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches 
and shorts of textile materials  0.6 25.0  1 1 
200830  Citrus fruit, prepared or preserved, whether or not 
containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or 
spirit, n.e.s.  0.5 0.0 1   
TOTALS  85.4  28 5 5 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and ITC, Trademap.  
20. In 2012 -2014 Tanzania's top 25 exports accounted on average for 70.9% of its global 
exports and covered a total of 30 HS lines of which 23 were already duty free on an MFN basis in 
the Seychelles' market in 2015 (Table A1.1 1). Of the remaining seven lines, four are liberalized in 
2015. The three products remaining dutiable are tobacco, cigars and tea  which had MFN applied 
tariffs in 2015 ranging from 25% to 200% .  
Table A1. 11 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Tanzania's 
top 25 exports to the world  
Tanzania's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agreement  
2015  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Avg. MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
710812  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, 
unwrought, for non -monetary purposes  16.7 0.0 1    
710813  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, in 
semi-manufactured forms, for non -
monetary purposes  13.5 0.0 1    
261690  Precious metal ores and concentrates  8.2 0.0 1    
080131  Fresh or dried cashew nuts, in shell  4.4 0.0 2    
260300  Copper ores and concentrates  3.6 0.0 1    
120740  Sesamum seeds, whether or not broken  3.4 0.0 1    
240120  Tobacco, partly or wholly 
stemmed/stripped, otherwise 
unmanufactured  2.9 5.0  1  1 
090111  Coffee (excl. roasted and decaffeinated)  2.9 25.0  1 1  
520100  Cotton, neither carded nor combed  1.6 0.0 1    
151190  Palm oil and its fractions, whether or not 
refined  1.3 0.0 1    
630491  Articles for interior furnishing, knitted or 
crocheted  1.1 25.0  1 1  
030420  Frozen fish fillets  1.0 25.0  1 1  
240290  Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes 
consisting wholly of tobacco substitutes  1.0 200.0   1  1 
090240  Black fermented tea and partly fermented 
tea, whether or not flavoured, in immediate 
packings of > 3 kg  1.0 25.0  1  1 
071310  Dried, shelled peas "pisum sativum", 
whether or not skinned or split  0.9 0.0 1    
230630  Oil-cake and other solid residues, whether 
or not ground or in the form of pellets, 
resulting from the extraction of sunflower 
seeds  0.9 0.0 1    
071390  Dried, shelled leguminous vegetables, 
whether or not skinned or split  0.8 0.0 1    
170199  Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure 
sucrose, in solid form  0.8 0.0 1    WT/REG368 /1 
- 39 - 
 
 
  Tanzania's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agreement  
2015  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Avg. MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
710310  Precious stones and semi -precious stones, 
unworked or simply sawn or roughly 
shaped, whether or not graded  0.8 0.0 1    
030490  Frozen fish meat, whether or not minced  0.7 25.0  1 1  
090700  Cloves, whole fruit, cloves and stems  0.7 0.0 1    
843143  Parts for boring or sinking machinery of 
subheading 8430.41 or 8430.49, n.e.s.  0.7 0.0 1    
110100  Wheat or meslin flour  0.6 0.0 3    
701090  Carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials 
and other containers, of glass, of a kind 
used for the commercial conveyance or 
packing of goods, and preserving jars, of 
glass  0.6 0.0 1    
110319  Groats and meal of cereals  0.6 0.0 3    
TOTALS  70.9  23 7 4 3 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
21. In 2012 -2014 Zambia's top 25 exports accounted on average for 85.6% of its global exports 
and covered a total of 25  HS lines of which 23 were already duty free on an MFN basis in the 
Seychelles' market in 2015 (Table A1.1 2). The remaining product – tobacco – is not liberalized 
under the Agreement  and had an MFN applied rate of 5% in 2015 .  
Table A1. 12 Seychelles: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Zambia's 
top 25 exports to the world   
Zambia's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' 
import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
740311  Copper, refined, in the form of cathodes and sections of 
cathodes  47.6 0.0 1   
740319  Copper, refined, unwrought  16.4 0.0 1   
740329  Copper alloys unwrought  2.2 0.0 1   
280700  Sulphuric acid; oleum  1.8 0.0 1   
810590  Articles of cobalt, n.e.s.  1.6 0.0 1   
710813  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, in semi -manufactured 
forms, for non -monetary purposes  1.4 0.0 1   
740811  Wire of refined copper, with a maximum cross -sectional 
dimension of > 6 mm  1.2 0.0 1   
100590  Maize (excl. seed)  1.1 0.0 1   
170111  Raw cane sugar (excl. added flavouring or colouring)  1.1 0.0 1   
252329  Portland cement  1.1 0.0 1   
100510  Maize seed  1.0 0.0 1   
740919  Plates, sheets and strip, of refined copper, not in coils, of a 
thickness of > 0,15 mm  1.0 0.0 1   
240110  Tobacco, unstemmed/unstripped  1.0 5.0  1 1 
271600  Electrical energy  0.9 0.0 1   
711299  Waste and scrap of silver, incl. metal clad with silver, and 
other waste and scrap containing silver or silver 
compounds, of a kind used principally for the recovery of 
precious metal  0.8 0.0 1   
520100  Cotton, neither carded nor combed  0.8 0.0 1   
282200  Cobalt oxides and hydroxides; commercial cobalt oxides  0.6 0.0 1   WT/REG368 /1 
- 40 - 
 
  Zambia's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' 
import markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports (%)  MFN 2015  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
240120  Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped, otherwise 
unmanufactured  0.6 5.0  1 1 
280200  Sulphur, sublimed or precipitated; colloidal sulphur  0.5 0.0 1   
230210  Bran, sharps and other residues of maize "corn", whether 
or not in the form of pellets, derived from sifting, milling or 
other working  0.5 0.0 1   
854459  Electric conductors, for a voltage > 80 v but <= 1.000 v, 
insulated, not fitted with connectors, n.e.s.  0.5 0.0 1   
170310  Cane molasses resulting from the extraction or refining of 
sugar  0.4 0.0 1   
710399  Precious and semi -precious stones, worked, whether or not 
graded, but not strung, mounted or set, precious and 
semi-precious stones, worked, ungraded, temporarily 
strung for convenience of transport  0.4 0.0 1   
260300  Copper ores and concentrates  0.4 0.0 1   
710310  Precious stones and semi -precious stones, unworked or 
simply sawn or roughly shaped, whether or not graded  0.3 0.0 1   
TOTALS  85.6  23 2 2 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
22. In 2012 -2014 Zimbabwe's top 25 exports accounted on average for 90.1% of its global 
exports and covered a total of 25 HS lines of which 21 were already duty free on an MF N basis in 
the Seychelles' market in 2015 (Table A1. 13). The remaining lines – tobacco, cigarettes and tea – 
whose MFN tariffs in 2015 ranged from zero to 25%, are not liberalized under the Agreement.  
Table A1. 13 Seychelles: Ma rket access opportunities under the agreement for 
Zimbabwe's top 25 exports to the world   
Zimbabwe's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  
Remain 
Dutiable  Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free dutiable  
240120  Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped, 
otherwise unmanufactured  23.0 5.0  1 1 
710813  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, in semi -
manufactured forms,  for non -monetary purposes  15.9 0.0 1   
260400  Nickel ores and concentrates  9.9 0.0 1   
710221  Industrial diamonds unworked or simply sawn, 
cleaved or bruted  8.4 0.0 1   
750110  Nickel mattes  7.3 0.0 1   
720241  Ferro-chromium, containing by weight > 4% of 
carbon  5.2 0.0 1   
711011  Platinum, unwrought or in powder form  4.0 0.0 1   
520100  Cotton, neither carded nor combed  3.6 0.0 1   
710210  Diamonds, unsorted  3.3 0.0 1   
170111  Raw cane sugar  2.9 0.0 1   
240220  Cigarettes, containing tobacco  0.9 SCR96/200 
Cigarettes   1 1 
410320  Raw hides and skins of reptiles, fresh or salted, dried, 
limed, pickled or otherwise preserved  0.6 0.0 1   
750210  Nickel, not alloyed, unwrought  0.6 0.0 1   WT/REG368 /1 
- 41 - 
 
 
  Zimbabwe's top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Seychelles' import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2015  
Remain 
Dutiable  Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free dutiable  
251612  Granite, merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into 
blocks or slabs of a square or rectangular shape 
(excl. already with the characteristics of setts, 
curbstones and flagstones)  0.5 0.0 1   
090240  Black fermented tea and partly fermented tea, 
whether or not  flavoured, in immediate packings of > 
3 kg 0.5 25.0  1 1 
270400  Coke and semi -coke of coal, of lignite or of peat, 
whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon  0.5 0.0 1   
252329  Portland cement  0.5 0.0 1   
240110  Tobacco, unstemmed/unstripped  0.4 5.0  1 1 
880230  Aeroplanes and other powered aircraft of an unladen 
weight > 2.000 kg but <= 15.000 kg  0.3 0.0 1   
740311  Copper, refined, in the form of cathodes and sections 
of cathodes  0.3 0.0 1   
970500  Collections and collector's pieces of zoological, 
botanical, mineralogical, anatomical, historical, 
archaeological, palaeontological, ethnographic or 
numismatic interest  0.3 0.0 1   
230610  Oil-cake and other solid residues, whether or not 
ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the 
extraction of  cotton seeds  0.3 0.0 1   
481910  Cartons, boxes and cases, of corrugated paper or 
paperboard  0.3 0.0 1   
440310  Wood in the rough, treated with paint, stains, 
creosote or other preservatives  0.3 0.0 1   
520512  Single cotton yarn, of uncombed fibres, containing 
>= 85% cotton by weight and with a linear density of 
232,56 decitex to < 714,29 decitex "> mc 14 to mc 
43"  0.2 0.0 1   
TOTALS  90.1  21 4 4 
Note:  Based on the HS 2002 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data from Seychelles authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
23. Tables A1. 14-A1.15 show the market access opportunities in SADC countries  for the 
Seychelles ' top 25 exports. The tables show in which year all HS 8 -digit tariff lines co rresponding 
to the product definition will become duty free under the Agreement.  
24. In 2012 -2014 the Seychelles'  top 25 exports accounted on average for 96.4% of its global 
exports (Table A1.14). All of its top 25 exports are either already duty -free in SADC  countries 
(except Mozambique) or become duty -free once the Agreement enters into force.  WT/REG368 /1 
- 42 - 
 
  Table A1. 14 SADC (except Mozambique): Market access opportunities under the 
Agreement for Seychelles' top 25 exports to the world  
Seychelles' top export products (2012 -2014)  MFN average (2015)  
No. of duty -free 
lines under the 
Agreement 2015  
 
HS code and description  
Share in 
global 
exports  
SACU  
MW 
MU 
TZ 
ZM 
ZW Duty -
free 
160414  Prepared or preserved 
tunas, skipjack and atlantic  
bonito, whole or in pieces  61.3 25.0 25.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 22.5 MU SACU, MW, 
TZ, ZM, ZW  
271099  Waste oils containing mainly 
petroleum or bituminous 
minerals  28.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 25.0 40.0 SACU, 
MW, MU TZ, ZM, ZW  
230120  Flours, meals and pellets of 
fish or crustaceans, molluscs 
or other aquatic 
invertebrates, unfit for 
human consumption  2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 SACU, 
MW,MU,  
ZM TZ, ZW  
880330  Parts of aeroplanes or 
helicopters, n.e.s.  0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 SACU, 
MW, 
MU,TZ,  
ZM ZW 
240220  Cigarettes, containing 
tobacco  0.6 45.0 25.0 0.0 35.0 25.0 - MU SACU, MW, 
TZ, ZM, ZW  
030345  Frozen atlantic and pacific 
bluefin tuna  0.5 0.0 10.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 SACU, 
MU, ZW MW, TZ, ZM  
030349  Frozen tunas of the genus 
"thunnus"  0.5 0.0 10.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 SACU, 
MU, ZW MW, TZ, ZM  
150420  Fats and oils of fish and 
their fractions, whether or 
not refined  0.4 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 SACU, 
MU MW, TZ, 
ZM, ZW  
852610  Radar apparatus  0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 0.0 SACU, 
MW,MU,
TZ, ZW ZM 
840710  Spark -ignition reciprocating 
or rotary internal 
combustion piston engine, 
for aircraft  0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 SACU, 
MW, 
MU,TZ,  
ZM ZW 
840910  Parts suitable for use solely 
or principally with internal 
combustion piston engine 
for aircraft, n.e.s.  0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 SACU, 
MW, MU TZ, ZM, ZW  
902000  Breathing appliances and 
gas masks  0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 SACU, 
MW, 
MU, TZ, 
ZM ZW 
890399  Vessels for pleasure or 
sports; rowing boats  0.2 10.0 25.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 20.0 MU, ZM SACU, MW, 
TZ, ZW  
901890  Instruments and appliances 
used in medical, surgical or 
veterinary sciences, n.e.s.  0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 SACU, 
MW,MU,
TZ, ZW ZM 
030571  Shark fins, smoked, dried, 
salted or in brine  0.1 12.5 10.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 MU, ZW SACU, MW, 
TZ, ZM  
030572  Fish heads, tails and maws, 
smoked, dried, salted or in 
brine 0.1 12.5 10.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 10.0 MU SACU, MW, 
TZ, ZM, ZW  
030579  Fish fins and other edible 
fish offal, smoked, dried, 
salted or in brine  0.1 12.5 15.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 10.0 MU SACU, MW, 
TZ, ZM, ZW  
030559  Dried fish, even salted but 
not smoked  0.1 12.5 10.0 0.0 25.0 15.0 20.0 MU SACU, MW, 
TZ, ZM, ZW  
080111  Desiccated coconuts  0.1 0.0 25.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 5.0 SACU, 
MU MW, TZ, 
ZM, ZW  WT/REG368 /1 
- 43 - 
 
 
  Seychelles' top export products (2012 -2014)  MFN average (2015)  
No. of duty -free 
lines under the 
Agreement 2015  
 
HS code and description  
Share in 
global 
exports  
SACU  
MW 
MU 
TZ 
ZM 
ZW Duty -
free 
300339  Medicaments containing 
hormones or steroids used 
as hormones, not containing 
antibiotics, not in measured 
doses or put up for retail 
sale  0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 SACU, 
MW, 
MU, TZ, 
ZM ZW 
842620  Tower cranes  0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SACU, 
MW, 
MU,TZ,  
ZM, ZW   
890392  Motor boats and motor 
yachts, for pleasure or 
sports  0.0 10.0 25.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 20.0 MU, ZM SACU, MW, 
TZ, ZW  
880390  Parts of aircraft and 
spacecraft, n.e.s.  0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 2.5 SACU, 
MW, 
MU, TZ ZM, ZW  
230110  Flours, meals and pellets, of 
meat or offal, unfit for 
human consumption; 
greaves  0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 5.0 SACU, 
MW, 
MU, ZM TZ, ZW  
030224  Fresh or chilled turbot 
"psetta maxima"  0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 SACU, 
MU, ZW MW, TZ, ZM  
  Total  96.4          
-  Specific duties only . 
 SACU (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini ); MW=Malawi; MU=Mauritius; 
TZ=Tanzania; ZM=Zambia; ZW=Zimbabwe.  
Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data of SADC (except Mozambique) 2015 tariffs in the WTO-IDB, Trade 
Analysis Information System (TRAINS), and export data from UNSD, Comtrade database.   
 
25. In the case of the Seychelles' exports to Mozambique, all but one of its top 25 global exports 
are already duty -free or become duty -free in Mozambique's market upon the Agreement 's entry 
into force (Table A1.15 ). The product remaining subject to duties is cigarettes  with an MFN applied 
tariff of 20% in 2015 . 
Table A1. 15 Mozambique: Market access opportunities under the Agreement  for 
Seychelles' top 25 exports to the world  
Seychelles' top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Mozambique's import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2016  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agree ment  
2016  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
160414  Prepared or preserved tunas, skipjack and 
atlantic bonito, whole or in pieces  61.3 20.0  1 1  
271099  Waste oils containing mainly petroleum or 
bituminous minerals  28.5 7.5  1 1  
230120  Flours, meals and pellets of fish or 
crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic 
invertebrates, unfit for human consumption  2.0 7.5  1 1  
030349  Frozen tunas of the genus " thunnus"  1.0 20.0  1 1  
880330  Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters, n.e.s.  0.7 0.0 1    
240220  Cigarettes, containing tobacco  0.6 20.0  1  1 
030559  Dried fish, salted, not smoked  0.5 20.0  1 1  WT/REG368 /1 
- 44 - 
 
  Seychelles' top export products in 2012 -2014  Access Conditions to Mozambique's import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2016  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agree ment  
2016  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of lines  
duty-
free duti-
able 
150420  Fats and oils of fish and their fractions, 
whether or not refined (excl. liver oils and 
chemically modified)  0.4 7.5  1 1  
852610  Radar apparatus  0.2 5.0  1 1  
840710  Spark -ignition reciprocating or rotary 
internal combustion piston engine, for 
aircraft  0.2 7.5  1 1  
840910  Parts suitable for use solely or principally 
with internal combustion piston engine for 
aircraft, n.e.s.  0.2 7.5  1 1  
902000  Breathing appliances and gas masks  0.2 5.0  1 1  
890399  Vessels for pleasure or sports; rowing boats  0.2 20.0  1 1  
901890  Instruments and appliances used in medical, 
surgical or veterinary sciences, n.e.s.  0.2 5.0  1 1  
030799  Molluscs, fit for human consumption, 
whether in shell or not, frozen, dried, salted 
or in brine  0.1 20.0  1 1  
080111  Desiccated coconuts  0.1 20.0  1 1  
300339  Medicaments containing hormones or 
steroids used as hormones, not containing 
antibiotics, not in measured doses or put up 
for retail sale  0.1 0.0 1    
030229  Fresh or chilled flat fish  0.1 20.0  1 1  
842620  Tower cranes  0.1 5.0  1 1  
030379  Frozen freshwater and saltwater fish  0.0 10.0 1 1 1  
890392  Motor boats and motor yachts, for pleasure 
or sports  0.0 20.0  1 1  
880390  Parts of aircraft and spacecraft, n.e.s.  0.0 0.0 1    
230110  Flours, meals and pellets, of meat or offal, 
unfit for human consumption; greaves  0.0 7.5  1 1  
842959  Self-propelled mechanical shovels, 
excavators and shovel loaders  0.0 5.0  1 1  
720449  Waste and scrap of iron or steel  0.0 2.5  1 1  
TOTALS  96.7  4 22 21 22 
Note:  Based on HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data of Mozambique 2016 tariffs in the WTO -IDB and export data from 
UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
__________