S/C/N/835  
 
13 October 2015  
(15-5362)  Page: 1/34  
Council for Trade in Services  Original: English  
 
 NOTIFICATION OF ICELAND’S PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT TO SERVICES AND  
SERVICE SUPPLIERS OF LE AST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 
The following notification from the delegation of Iceland, dated 9 October 2015, is being circulated 
to the Members of the Council for Trade in Services. 
  
_______________ 
  The Permanent Mission of Iceland to the World Trade Organization in Geneva has the honour to 
notify to the World Trade Organization Council fo r Trade in Services the preferential treatment 
which Iceland has made available to services and services suppliers of least-developed countries in accordance with the decision by Ministers at the WTO’s Eighth Ministerial Conference on 
Preferential Treatment to Services and Service Suppliers of Least-Developed Countries 
(WT/L/847), and the decision by Ministers at the WTO’s Ninth Ministerial Conference on Operationalization of the Waiver Concerning Pr eferential Treatment to Services and Service 
Suppliers of Least-Developed Countries (WT/L/918). 
 The preferential treatment is made in sectors and modes of supply that are of particular export 
interest to least-developed countries. These interests were set out in The Collective Request 
Pursuant to the Bali Decision on the Operationalization of the Waiver Concerning Preferential 
Treatment to Services and Service Suppliers of Least Developed Countries (S/C/W/356), as well as more specific export interests communicated bilaterally to the Mission of Iceland.  
 
Iceland makes available the preferential treatmen t as set out in the below schedule, which is 
equivalent to Iceland’s schedule of commitments in its most recently concluded free trade 
agreements. In addition, further preferential trea tment has been marked in bold/cross-out for ease 
of reference.   The preferential treatment will take effect from 15 October 2015, and Iceland intends to maintain 
these preferences for the period of the Waiver. 
  
_______________ 
  
 
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 2 -  
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
Unless otherwise indicated, the classification of services sect ors are based on the 1991 Provisional Central Product Classifica tion of the United Nations 
Statistical Office. 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS  
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED IN 
THIS SCHEDULE    
All sectors: Establishment - 
General authorisation 
procedures for acquisition  3) All foreign investment of a foreign 
state or juridical persons owned by a foreign 
state requires a special concession by the relevant Ministry. 
 3) All foreign investment of a foreign state 
or juridical persons owned by a foreign state 
requires a special concession by the relevant Ministry. 
  
 3) None 3) Non-residents cannot conclude an 
agreement on leasing real estate without the 
permission of the relevant Ministry if the lease 
period exceeds three years and is not for in conducting its normal business activities. Non-residents may only acquire real estate in 
conjunction to their business activities and 
can only obtain ordinary proprietary rights linked to the real estate. Non-residents are 
thus excluded from obtaining full property 
rights of real estate if unusual rights are linked to it, such as exploitation rights as 
regards waterfall, geothermal energy, etc. 
 
Contract concerning ownership and long-term 
use of real-estate by non-residents are not valid until the relevant Ministry has endorsed 
it in writing.  
   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 3 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
All sectors: Treatment of branches and agencies 3) None 3) Treatment accorded to subsidiaries of 
third-country companies formed in accordance with the law of an EEA Member State or an 
EFTA Member State  and having their 
registered office, central administration or principal place of business within an EEA Member State or an EFTA Member State  may 
be extended to branches or agencies 
established in an EEA Member State or an 
 
EFTA Member State  by a third-country 
company if they show that they possess an 
effective and continuous link with the economy of one of the EEA Member States or an EFTA Member State. 
  
All sectors: Formation of 
legal entity - limited liability 
company  3) None 
 
 3) The majority of founders, the 
manager(s) and at least half the board of 
directors, of a private limited company or a public limited company must be resident in 
Iceland. The relevant Minister can grant 
exemptions from these restrictions. At least one of the auditors of an Icelandic limited 
liability company must be resident in Iceland 
or a competent resident CPA company.   
All sectors: Movement of 
personnel  4) Unbound except for the temporary 
stay and without requiring compliance with labour market tests of categories A, B and C 
below: 
 4) Unbound except for measures 
concerning the categories of natural persons referred to in the market access column. 
   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 4 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 A. INTRA-CORPORATE TRANSFEREES 
Managers, executives and specialists as intra-corporate transferees, provided that 
the service supplier is the corporation to 
which these are attached.     
 
 Definitions: 
 
Executives:  persons who primarily direct the 
management of the organization covered by 
the agreement and establish its goals and 
generally have a wide decision-making authority. Executives would not necessarily perform tasks related to the actual provision 
of the service. 
  
 
 Managers:  persons who direct the 
Organization covered by the agreement or 
its department and are in a senior level responsible of the service providing functions 
of the organization by supervising and 
controlling and having also authority to hire and fire personnel or recommend such and other personnel actions. 
  
 
 Specialists:  persons within the organization 
who possess knowledge at an advanced level 
of expertise or otherwise essential or 
proprietal to the organization's service, research equipment, techniques or 
management. 
 Access is subject to the following conditions:  
- Temporary residence and work permit 
must be obtained 
   
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 5 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
- Work permits which are granted for 
the first time shall not be granted for more than one year. 
- A permit may be extended for up to 
one further year providing certain conditions are met. 
- All other requirements regarding 
entry, stay, wages, working conditions 
and social security benefits shall continue to apply. 
 
 B. BUSINESS VISITORS 
 
Definition:  Natural persons who as representatives 
of a services provid er are seeking entry 
and temporary stay for the purpose of negotiating for the sale of services or 
entering into agreements to sell 
services for that service supplier, and where those representatives will not be 
engaged in making direct sales to the 
general public.  Access is subject to the following 
conditions: 
 - Temporary entry, stay and work 
limited to a three month period.  
  
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 6 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 C. CONTRACTUAL SERVICE SUPPLIERS  
 Definition: 
 
Natural persons employed by a foreign juridical person with no commercial presence in Iceland, and on the basis of 
a service agreement necessary to fulfil a 
contract.   
Access is subject to the following 
conditions:  - Applies to natural persons 
employed by a juridical person 
(service supplier) that is located outside of Iceland and has no 
commercial presence in Iceland, 
such as a branch or subsidiary.  
- A signed service contract must 
exist between the service supplier 
and a juridical person engaged in substantive business in Iceland.   
- The service contract must include 
a statement to the effect that a 
condition for the transaction under the contract is that an employee of 
the service supplier is to provide 
the service.  
- The natural person providing the 
service on behalf of the service 
supplier must have specialized skills or qualifications of direct relevance to the service activity 
necessary to fulfil the contract.  
   
a.   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 7 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
- The entry and temporary stay shall 
not exceed a period longer than six months on the basis of the 
same service contract.    
- The entry and temporary stay shall 
be subject to a residence and work permit that must be obtained 
before the natural person enters 
Iceland.   
- All other requirements regarding 
entry, stay, wages, working 
conditions and social security benefits shall continue to apply.  
 
All sectors: Subsidies (The issue of a definition of 
subsidies remains to be 
determined in the context of negotiations under Article 
XV of the GATS). 3) None 
 
 
  
4) None 3) Eligibility for subsidies may be limited 
to juridical persons established within 
the territory of Iceland. related to 
research and development are unbound. 
4) Subsidies available only to natural 
persons may be limited to Icelandic citizens. 
  
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
 
1. BUSINESS 
 SERVICES 
 
A. Professional 
 Services 
  
  
  
 
 Legal Services 
(Applicable parts of  
CPC 861)   
     
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 8 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 - Legal advice 
activities on home country law 
 1) None  
2) None 3) Members of the General Bar 
Association of Iceland have an 
exclusive right to represent clients before courts in Iceland. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
 
  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 Icelandic law exam or an equivalent 
thereto. 
  
 
 - Legal advice on 
international law and foreign legal 
consultancy 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
  
 
(b) Accounting,  auditing 
and book keeping services  
 (CPC 862) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section Icelandic exam for certified accountants (CPA’s) required or and equivalent thereto  
  
 
(c) Taxation services 
(CPC 863) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
(d) Architectural services 
(CPC  8671) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 9 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(e) Engineering  services 
 (CPC 8672) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
  
 
(f) Integrated 
Engineering  services 
(CPC  8673) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
   
 
(g) Urban planning and 
landscape 
architectural services (CPC 8674) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
  
(i) Veterinary services 
 (CPC 932 ) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  Number of 
veterinarians in rural districts is limited. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Ability in the Icelandic language 
required. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  Ability in the 
Icelandic language required . 
  
B. Computer and Related 
Services 
    
- CPC 84 according to 
the attached 
description of sectoral coverage  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 10 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
C. Research and 
development Services 
    
(a) R&D services on 
Natural Sciences  
 (CPC 851)  
 1) None 
2) None   
 
 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1),2) A license is needed for the importation 
of research equipment. Natural history specimens must not be exported from the country unless permitted by the 
Icelandic Institute of Natural History 
(“Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands”). 
3) None.   
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(b) R&D services on social 
sciences and 
humanities  
 (CPC 852) 
 1) None 
2) None 
  
3) None 
  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1),2) Archaeological finds must not be 
exported from the country unless 
permitted by the Museum Council   (“Safnaráð”) 
3) All archaeological research whether by 
Icelandic or foreign researchers is subject to a permit granted by the 
Archaeological Preservation Agency 
(“Fornleifanefnd ríkisins”) 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 All archaeological research whether by 
Icelandic or foreign researchers is subject to a permit granted by the 
 
Archaeological Preservation Agency (“Fornleifanefnd ríkisins”) 
  
 
(c) Interdisciplinary R&D 
Services  
 (CPC 853)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 11 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
D. Real Estate  Services 
    
(a) Real estate services 
involving own or 
leased property  
 (CPC 821)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None Deposits or liability insurance to 
cover loss caused to clients. All 
licenses to provide services on sales of 
real estate are personal 
authorizations. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Condition of one year previous 
residency in order to obtain licence to provide services in residential building 
and land sales, and other related 
intermediary services for purchase and sale of real-estate 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. Condition of one year previous residency in order to obtain licence to provide services in 
residential building and land sales, and 
other  related intermediary services for purchase and sale of real-estate 
 
  
 
(b) On a Fee or  Contract 
basis  
 (CPC 822)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None Deposits or liability insurance to 
cover loss caused to clients. All 
licenses to provide services on sales of 
real estate are personal 
authorizations. 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Condition of one year previous 
residency in order to obtain licence to provide services in residential building 
and land sales, and other related 
intermediary services for purchase and sale of real-estate 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. Condition of one year previous residency in order to 
obtain licence to provide services 
 
in residential building and land sales, 
and other related intermediary services for purchase and sale of real-estate 
 
  
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 12 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
E. Rental/Leasing 
Services without 
Operators 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Leasing services must be provided 
either by corporation with a limited 
liability (leasing companies) or registered commercial banks or savings banks 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None  Majority of the board of a leasing 
company shall be resident in Iceland. 
The manager shall be resident  in 
Iceland and a citizen of a Nordic 
Country. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(a) Relating to ships  (CPC 83103)  1) None 
2) None 3) To be registered in the ship register 
the ship must be owned by Icelandic 
natural or juridical persons who are 
resident in Iceland. Further nationality restrictions on fishing vessels. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None  
 
  
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(b) Relating to aircraft  (CPC 83104)  1) None 
2) None 3) To be registered in the aircraft register 
the aircraft must be owned by 
Icelandic natural or juridical persons 
resident in Iceland 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(c) Relating to other 
transport equipment 
(CPC 83101 + 83102 + 83105) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3)  None  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  Residency requirement for car 
rental services  
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. Residency 
requirement for car rental services 
  
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 13 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(d) Relating to other 
machinery and equipment  
 (CPC 83106 - 83109) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(e) Other  
 (CPC 832)  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
F. Other Business 
Services 
    
(a) Advertising  services 
(CPC 871) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(b) Market research and 
public opinion polling 
services  
 (CPC 864) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4)  Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
(c) Management 
consulting Services 
(CPC 865) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4)  Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 14 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(d) Services related to 
man. consulting  
 (CPC 866) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
  
(e) Technical testing and 
analysis services  
 (CPC  8676)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
 
(f) Services incidental to    
agriculture, hunting 
and forestry  
 (CPC 881) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(i) Services incidental to 
Manufacturing  
 (CPC 884 + 
885/except for 88442)  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the  horizontal section   
 
(k) Placement and supply 
services of personnel (CPC 872) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(m) Related scientific and 
technical consulting services  
 (CPC 8675) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 15 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(n) Maintenance and 
repair of equipment (CPC 633+8861-
8866; not including 
maritime vessels, aircraft or other transport equipment) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(o) Building-cleaning 
services (CPC 874) 
This includes washing, 
cleaning and dyeing services  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(p) Photographic  services (CPC 875)  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(q) Packaging services  (CPC 876)   1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(r) Printing and  
publishing  
 (CPC 88442)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None,  Residency requirement for 
publishing of newspapers or  magazines 
within the national territory.  Residency 
requirement for editors  
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
   
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 16 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(s) Convention  services  (CPC 87909)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
 
(t) Telephone 
Answering Services  
 (CPC 87903) 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
 
(u) Specialty Design 
Services   
 (CPC 87907) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
 
2. COMMUNICATION  
SERVICES 
    
C. Telecommunication  
Services  
   Iceland undertakes 
additional commitments 
as contained in the attachment, all parts of which are equally 
binding. 
(a) Voice telephony 
(b) Packet-switched data 
transmission services 
(c) Circuit-switched data 
transmission services 
(d) Telex services 
(e) Telegraph services  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 17 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(f) Facsimile services (g) Leased circuit services (o) Other    
- Mobile and  personal 
communications services and systems 
    
 Value-added services* 
Electronic mail, Voice mail, On-line 
information and Data 
Base Retrieval, EDI, Code and Protocol 
Conversion 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND 
RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
    
A. General Construction 
Work for Buildings 
(CPC 512) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
B. General Construction  
 Work for Civil 
Engineering  
 (CPC 513) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
                                               
* Excludes voice telephony, telegraph, telex, packet and circuit switched data services, mobile radiotelephony, paging and satel lite services.  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 18 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
C. Installation and 
Assembly Work  
 (CPC 514+516) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
D. Building Completion 
and Finishing Work 
(CPC 517) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
4.  DISTRIBUTION 
SERVICES (excluding trade in arms, alcoholic beverages, 
tobacco and 
pharmaceutical products) 
    
A. Commissions Agents' 
Services  
(CPC 621) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
B. Wholesale Trade 
Services  
(CPC 622) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
C. Retailing Services 
(CPC 631+632 + 6111 +  6113 + 6121) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 19 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
D. Franchising  
 (CPC 8929)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
 
6. ENVIRONMENTAL 
SERVICES 
    
A. Sewage Services 
 (CPC 9401) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) Environmental operation license 
required  
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
B. Refuse Disposal  
Waste  
 (CPC 9402) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3 Environmental operating license 
required 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
C. Sanitation and Similar 
Services (CPC 9403) 1) Unbound* 2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
                                               
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 20 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
D. Other (CPC 9409)  
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) Environmental operating license 
required 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES   
 
(i) Iceland undertakes commitments on financial services in accord ance with the "Understanding on Commitments in Financial Serv ices" (the 
Understanding).  
(ii) Market access commitments with respect to modes 1) and 2) an d bound in this Schedule to the extent of the obligations in B .3 and B.4    of the 
Understanding.  
A. Insurance and 
Insurance related 
Services 
 1) The supply of direct insurance is 
reserved for insurance undertakings authorized in Iceland.  
 
 The supply of insurance mediation is 
reserved for insurance intermediaries 
authorized in Iceland. 1) None 
  
  
 2) None 
3) Insurance undertakings require 
authorization to establish branch 
offices in Iceland. 2) None 
3) The majority of the founders of an 
insurance undertaking must be 
Icelandic residents or legal entities 
registered in Iceland. 
 
 Managers and board members of 
insurance undertakings shall be resident in Iceland.  The Minister of 
Economic Affairs may grant exemptions 
from this requirement. 
  
                                               
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 21 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
  Any investor, whether resident or non-
resident, who acquires or intends to acquire a qualifying holding in an 
insurance undertaking must give 
advance notice to the Financial  
Supervisory Authority.  The Authority may refuse the acquisition or the 
exercise of ownership if it believes that 
the acquisition will affect the sound functioning of the enterprise.  Branch offices of foreign insurance 
undertakings must be managed by a resident agent. 
 
 Insurance intermediaries must be 
resident in Iceland.  The Minister of Economic Affairs may grant exemptions 
from this requirement. 
  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
B. Banking and Other 
Financial Services 
(excluding insurance) 
 1) None 
  
 
2) None 3) Credit institutions and undertakings 
engaged in securities 
servicesestablished outside of Iceland can establish a branch or a 
representative office, subject to 
authorization by the Financial Supervisory Authority, FME.    1) Domestic financial institutions shall 
inform the Central Bank of Iceland of the balances of service providers' 
accounts held by non- residents. 
2)  None  3) A founder of a credit institution shall be 
a natural or legal person resident in 
Iceland. The Minister of Economic Affairs can grant exemptions from this 
requirement.   
  Credit institutions and undertakings 
engaged in securities services can only 
be established as companies with limited liability. 
 
 Commercial banks and savings banks 
have exclusive rights to accept 
deposits and other repayable funds 
from the public. 
  Managers and the majority of the board 
members of credit institutions and 
undertakings engaged in securities services and UCITS shall be resident in 
Iceland.  The Minister of Economic 
Affairs may grant citizens of non-EEA Member States or non-EFTA Member 
States the same exemptions. 
  
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 22 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
  Public issue of securities shall be 
conducted by securities undertakings or other parties authorized to provide 
such services. 
   
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  Service providers shall inform the 
Ministry of Economic Affairs of investments made by non- residents in 
business enterprises in Iceland and the 
Central Bank of Iceland of investments made by non-residents in securities in Iceland. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
9. TOURISM AND 
TRAVEL RELATED 
SERVICES 
    
A. Hotels and 
Restaurants (including 
catering)  
 (CPC 641-643) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Condition of licences is residency. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. Condition of licences 
is residency. 
  
 
B. Travel Agencies and 
Tour Operators  
 (CPC 7471)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None Deposits or liability 
insurance to cover loss caused to 
clients due to bankruptcy 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Condition of licences is residency.   
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
 
C. Tourist Guides 
Services  
(CPC 7472) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  The right to exercise the profession is 
reserved for resident tourist guides. 
  
  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 23 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
Non-resident tourist guides may be granted temporary work permit on ad hoc basis. 
 
10. RECREATIONAL 
CULTURAL AND 
SPORTING SERVICES  
 (other than 
audiovisual services) 
    
A. Entertainment 
Services (including 
theatre, live bands 
and circus services) (CPC 9619) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Targeted financial support to specific 
local,  regional or national activities. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
B. News Agency Services 
(CPC 962) 1),2),3) None other than access to 
management functions is subject to 
discretionary authorizations by 
competent authorities 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 4) Condition of residency for the editor of 
a paper or magazine. Unbound except 
as indicated in the horizontal section 
  
C. Libraries, Archives, 
Museums and other 
Cultural Services  
 (CPC 963) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Targeted financial support to specific 
local, regional or national activities 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 24 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
D. Sporting and other 
Recreational Services 
(CPC 964) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Gambling, coin machines and like 
activities are subject to licensing. 
Professional boxing is prohibited by law. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Targeted financial support to specific 
local, regional or national activities 
  4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
 Hairdressing and 
other beauty 
services  (CPC 9702) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
11. TRANSPORT 
SERVICES 
    
A. Maritime Transport 
Services    
 International 
transport (freight and 
passengers) CPC 7211 
and 7212 including 
Cabotage transport 1) 1) None 
2) None 
3)(a)  Establishment of a registered company 
for the purpose of operating a fleet under Icelandic flag:  
 Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
    (b) Other forms of commercial presence 
2) None. 
4)(a)  Ships' crew: Unbound except as 
indicated in the horizontal section. 
   (b)  Key personnel employed in relation to 
a commercial presence as defined 
under mode 3(b) above: Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3)(a)  Unbound 
   
 
   (b)  None  
4)(a) Unbound 
    (b)  Unbound   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 25 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 Maritime Auxiliary 
Services 
-   Maritime Cargo 
Handling Services  3) 
  
  
1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
  
1) None 
2) None 3) None 4)  Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
-    Storage and 
Warehousing Services 
(CPC 742); Customs Clearance Services 4); Container Station  and 
Depot 5) 
 1) Unbound
* 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
- Maritime Agency 
Services 6);  Freight 
Forwarding Services 7) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
- Other Supporting  and 
Auxiliary Transport 
Services 8) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
                                               
* A commitment on this mode of delivery is not feasible.  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 26 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
Auxiliary Services as required by Maritime Transport Operators:   The following services 
are made available to international maritime 
transport suppliers on 
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions: 
 
1. Pilotage 2. Towing and tug 
assistance 
3. Provisioning, fuelling, watering 4. Garbage collecting, 
ballast waste disposal 
5. Port Captain’s 
 
services 
6.  Navigation aids 
7.  Shore-based operational services 
essential to ship 
operations, incl. communications, water, electrical supplies 
8. Emergency repair 
facilities 9. Anchorage, berth, 
berthing services 
10. Container handling, storage and 
warehousing, freight 
transport.    
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 27 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
   Where road, coastal 
shipping and related auxiliary services are 
not otherwise fully 
covered in this schedule, a multimodal transport operator shall 
have the ability to rent, 
hire or charter trucks and related equipment 
for the purpose of 
inland forwarding of international cargoes carried by sea, or have 
access to and use of 
such multimodal activities for the 
purpose of providing 
multimodal transport services. 
C. Air Transport Services 
    
 Maintenance and 
repair of aircraft and parts thereof 
 1) Unbound
* 
2) None 3)  None 4)  Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
 Sales and marketing  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
                                               
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 28 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
 Computer 
Reservations System 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
F. Road Transport 
Services 
    
(a) Passenger 
transportation  
 (CPC 7121 + 7122) 
 1) None 
2) None 3),4) Authorization required for commercial 
land transport services.  Numerical quotas may  be imposed as well as 
exclusive licenses for certain areas or routes. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
   
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
   
 
(b) Freight transportation  (CPC 7123) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(c) Rental of commercial 
vehicles with operator 
(CPC 7124) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
 
(d) Maintenance and 
repair of road 
transport equipment (CPC 6112+8867) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the  horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the  horizontal section 
   
  S/C/N/835  
 
- 29 - Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad   (3) Commercial presence  (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Acce ss Limitations on National Treatment Additional 
Commitments 
(e) Supporting  services 
for road transport services 
 (CPC 744) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
H. Services auxiliary  to 
all modes of transport 
    
(a) Cargo handling 
services  
(CPC 742) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(b) Storage and 
warehousing services 
(CPC 742) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
(c) Freight transport 
agency services  
 (CPC 748) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
d) Other   (CPC 749)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 
  
_______________  
                                               
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility S/C/N/835 
 
- 30 - 
 
  ATTACHMENT 1 
ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS  
(BASIC OR PUBLIC)  
Article 1 
 
Definitions 
 
 For the purpose of this Attachment:  
 (a) “regulatory authority” means the body or  bodies responsible for the regulation of 
telecommunications in relation to the issues mentioned in this Attachment ; 
 
(b) “essential facilities” means facilities of a public telecommunications network or service that:  
 (i) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers; 
and 
 (ii) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to supply a service; 
and 
 (c) “major supplier” means a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for telecommunications 
services as a result of:  
  (i) control over essential facilities; or 
 (ii) the use of its position in the market. 
 
Article 2 
 
Competitive Safeguards 
 1. Iceland shall maintain appropriate measures for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, 
alone or together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
 2. The anti-competitive practices referred to in paragraph 1 shall include, in particular: 
 
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidisation;  
(b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results; and 
 (c) not making available to other service suppliers on a timely basis technical information about essential facilities and commercially relevant information which are necessary for them to supply 
services.  
1 
 
Article 3 
 
Interconnection 
 
1. This Article applies to linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications networks or 
services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another supplier and to access services supplied by another supp lier, where specific commitments are undertaken.  
 
2. Where suppliers are unable to resolve di sputes regarding the negotiation of an 
interconnection agreement with a major supplier within a reasonable time, Iceland shall ensure that the suppliers have recourse to assistance from an independent domestic body, which may be 
                                               
1 This subparagraph shall apply without prejudice of the applicable legislation with regard to confidential 
information. S/C/N/835 
 
- 31 - 
 
  a regulatory authority as referred to in Article 6, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate terms, 
conditions and rates for interconnection within a reasonable period of time.   
 
Article 4 
 
Universal Service 
 
1. Iceland has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to have. 
 2. Such obligations will not be regarded as  anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and competitively neutral manner and are not 
more burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by Iceland. 
 
Article 5 
 
Licensing and Other Authorisations Procedures 
 
1. Where a licence, concession, permit, registration, or other type of authorisation is required 
for the supply of a telecommunications service, the competent authority of  Iceland shall make the following publicly available:  
(a) its terms and conditions; and  
(b) the period of time normally required to re ach a decision concerning an application for it.  
 
2. The reasons for the denial of a licence, concession, permit, registration, or other type of 
authorisation will be made known to the applicant upon request.  
 
Article 6 
 
Regulatory Authority 
 1. Iceland’s regulatory authority for telecommunications services shall be separate from, and 
not accountable to, any supplier of telecommunications services. 
 2. Iceland shall ensure that the decisions of , and the procedures used by, its regulatory 
authority are impartial with respect to all market participants.  
 3. Iceland shall ensure that suppliers of another Party affected by the decision of the regulatory 
authority of Iceland have recourse to an administrative body or a court independent of any 
supplier, in accordance with its laws and regulations.  
Article 7 
 
Scarce Resources 
 
Iceland shall carry out its procedures for the a llocation and use of scarce resources, including 
frequencies, numbers and rights of way, in  an objective, timely, transparent and non-
discriminatory manner.  Iceland shall make publicly available the current state of allocated 
frequency bands2. 
   
_______________ 
  
                                               
2 It is understood that this Article does not require to make publicly available detailed identification of 
frequencies allocated for sp ecific government uses. S/C/N/835 
 
- 32 - 
 
  ATTACHMENT 2 
UNDERSTANDING ON THE SCOPE OF COVERAGE OF CPC 84 
COMPUTER AND RELATED SERVICES 
1. CPC 84 covers all computer and related services.   
 
2. Technological developments have led to the increased offering of these services as a bundle or package of related services that can include some or all of the basic functions listed in 
paragraph 3. For example, services such as web or  domain hosting, data mining services and grid 
computing each consist of a combination of basic computer services functions.  3. Computer and related services, regardless of whether they are delivered via a network, 
including the Internet, include all services that provide any of the following or any combination 
thereof:   
 consulting, adaptation, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, 
installation, implementation, integration,  testing, debugging, updating, support, 
technical assistance, or management of or for computers or computer systems;  
 consulting, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, installation, 
implementation, integration, testing, debugging, updating, adaptation, maintenance, support, technical assistance, management or use of or for software
 
1;  
 data processing, data storage, data hosting or database services;  
 maintenance and repair services for office machinery and equipment, including 
computers; and 
 training services for staff of clients, related to software, computers or computer systems, 
and not elsewhere classified.   
4. In many cases, computer and related services enable the provision of other services2  by 
b o t h  e l e c t r o n i c  a n d  o t h e r  m e a n s .   H o w e v e r ,  i n  such cases, there is an important distinction 
between the computer and related service (e.g., we b-hosting or application hosting) and the other 
service2 enabled by the computer and related service. The other service, regardless of whether it 
is enabled by a computer and related service, is not covered by CPC 84.  
 
  
_______________ 
  
 
                                               
1 The term “software” may be define d as the sets of instructions requ ired to make computers work and 
communicate. A number of di fferent programmes may be developed fo r specific applications (application 
software), and the customer may have a choice of using ready-made programmes  off the shelf (packaged 
software), developing specific prog rammes for particular requirements  (customized software) or using a 
combination of the two. 
2 E.g., W/120.1.A.b. (accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services), W/120.1.A.d. (architectural 
services), W/120.1.A.h. (medical and dental services), W/120.2.D (audiovisual services), W/120.5. (educational services). S/C/N/835 
 
- 33 - 
 
  ATTACHMENT 3 
NOTES TO MARITIME TRANSPORT 
”Reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions” means, for the purpose of multimodal 
transport operations, the ability of the multimodal transport operator to arrange for the 
conveyance of its merchandise on a timely basis, including priority over other merchandise which 
has entered the port at a later date. A ”multimodal transport operator” means the person on whose behalf the bill of lading/multimodal transport document, or any other document evidencing 
a contract of multimodal carriage of goods, is issued and who is responsible for the carriage of 
goods pursuant to the contract of carriage.  1) ”Cabotage” is defined as maritime transport of goods and passengers between ports in 
Iceland. 
 2) ”Other forms of commercial presence for th e supply of international maritime transport 
services” means the ability for international maritime transport service suppliers of the other 
Members to undertake locally all activities, which are necessary for the supply to their customers of a partially or fully integrated transport service, within which the maritime transport constitutes a 
substantial element. (This commitment shall however not be construed as limiting in any manner 
the commitments undertaken under the cross-border mode of delivery).  These activities include, but are not limited to: 
 
(a) marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services through direct contact with customers, from quotation to invoicing, these services being those operated or offered by the 
service supplier itself or by service suppliers with which the service seller has established standing 
business arrangements;  
(b) the acquisition, on their own account or on behalf of their customers (and the resale to their 
customers) of any transport and related services, including inward transport services by any mode, particularly inland waterways, road and rail, nece ssary for the supply of the integrated service; 
 
(c) the preparation of documentation concerning transport documents, customs documents, or 
other documents related to the origin and character of the goods transported;  
(d) the provision of business information by any means, including computerised information 
systems and electronic data interchange (subject to the provisions of the annex on telecommunications); 
 
(e) the setting of any business arrangements (including participation in the stock of a company) and the appointment of personnel recruited locally (or, in the case of foreign personnel, subject to the horizontal commitment on movement of personnel) with any locally established shipping 
agency; 
 (f) acting on behalf of the companies, organisi ng the call of the ship or taking over cargoes 
when required. 
 3) ”Maritime cargo handling services” means activities exercised by stevedore companies, 
including terminal operators, but not including the di rect activities of dockers, when this workforce 
is organized independently of the stevedoring or terminal operator companies. The activities covered include the organisation and supervision of:  
- the loading/discharging of cargo to/from a ship; 
- the lashing/unlashing of cargo; - the reception/delivery and safekeeping of ca rgoes before shipment or after discharge. 
 
4) ”Customs clearance services” (alternatively ”customs house brokers´ services”) means activities consisting in carrying out on behalf of another party customs formalities concerning 
import, export or through transport of cargoes, whether this service is the main activity of the 
service provider or a usual complement of its main activity. S/C/N/835 
 
- 34 - 
 
   
5) ”Container station and depot services” means activities consisting in storing containers, whether in port areas or inland, with a view to th eir stuffing/stripping, repairing, and making them 
available for shipments. 
 
6) ”Maritime agency services” means the activities consisting in representing, within a given geographic area, as an agent the business interests of one or more shipping lines of shipping 
companies, for the following purposes: 
 - marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services, from quotation to invoicing, and issuance of bills of lading on behalf of the companies; acquisition and resale of the necessary 
related services, preparation of documentation, and provision of business information; 
- acting on behalf of the companies organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required. 
 
7) ”Freight forwarding services” means the activity consisting of organising and monitoring shipment operations on behalf of shippers, through the acquisition of transport and related 
services, preparation of documentation and provision of business information. 
 8) ”Other supporting and auxiliary transport se rvices” means freight brokerage services; bill 
auditing and freight rate information services; transportation document preparation services; 
packing and crating and unpacking and de-crating services; freight inspection, weighing and 
sampling services; and freight receiving and acce ptance services (including local pick-up and 
delivery). 
 
__________