Reference number  
DRS 366: 2017  
© RSB 2017  
 
 
 RWANDA 
STANDARD  DRS 
366 
 
First edition  
2017 -mm-dd 
 
Fuel additives — Guidelines for inspection  
 
  DRS 366: 2017  
©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved                  ii 
 In order to match with technological development and to keep continuous progress in industries, 
standards are subject to periodic review. Users shall ascertain that they are in possession of the latest 
edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© RSB2017  
All rights reserved. Unless  otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized 
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without 
prior written permission from R SB. 
Requests for permission to reproduce thi s document should be addressed to : 
Rwanda Standards  Board  
P.O Box 7099 Kigali -Rwanda  
KK 15 Rd, 49  
Tel. +250 252 586103/ 582945  
Toll Free: 3250  
E-mail: info@rsb.gov.rw  
Website: www.rsb.gov.rw  DRS 366: 2017  
iii                ©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved  
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  1 
4 Type s of fuel additives  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  2 
4.1 Main additives component families  ................................ ................................ ............................  2 
4.2 Multi -functional additives  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  3 
5 Guidelines for inspection  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  4 
5.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  4 
5.2 Registration  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 4 
5.3 Physical and chemical properties  ................................ ................................ ..............................  4 
5.4 Emission data  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  4 
5.5 Engine performance  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  4 
6 Packaging and labelling ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
6.1 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 5 
6.2 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  5 
7 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 5 
Annex  A (normative)  Fuel additive questionnaire for evaluation procedure (diesel and petrol)  ..... 6 
 DRS 366: 2017  
©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved                  iv 
 Foreword  
Rwanda Standard s are prepared  by Technical Committees and approved by R wanda Standards Board (RSB) 
Board  of Directors in  accordance with the procedures of RSB, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT 
agreement on the preparation, adoption and application of standards.  
The main task of technical committees is to prepare national standards.  Final Draft Rwanda S tandards adopted 
by Technical committ ees are ratified  by me mbers of RSB Board of Director s for publication and gazettment as 
Rwanda Standards.  
DRS 366 was prepared by T echnical Committee RSB/TC 024, Chemical s and Consumer Products . 
In the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following standard s: 
1. TZS 1247,  Fuel Additive – Specifications  
2. BS EN 16709,  Automotive fuels – High FAME diesel fuel (B20 and B30) – Requirements and test 
methods  
3. BS EN 14214,  Liquid petroleum products – Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines 
and heating applications – Requirements and test methods  
The assistan ce de rived from the above source is hereby acknowledged with thanks.  
Committee membership  
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee on Chemicals and Consumer 
Products (RSB/TC 024) in the preparation of this standard.  
Paragraph  of participants  
University of Rwanda -College of Science and Technology (UR -CST)  
Global Oil Solutions  
Integrated Polytechnic Regional Centre -Kigali (IPRC -Kigali)  
AGROPY Ltd  
AFRICHEM Rwanda Ltd  
National Industrial Research and Development Agency (NIRDA)  
Star Construction and Consultancy Ltd  
Mount Kenya University – Rwanda  DRS 366: 2017  
v                ©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved  
 University of Kibungo (UNIK)  
Rwanda  Standards Board  (RSB) – Secretariat  DRS 366: 2017  
©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved                  vi 
 Introduction  
The petroleum additive industry is a research and development intensive industry and its products a re marketed 
almost exclusively to industrial users.  
A very wide range of additives has been developed to meet the needs of an industry which converts principally 
hydrocarbon fuels into heat energy, either to provide transportation or to generate electricit y for industrial and 
domestic consumption. The wide range of products required reflects both the range of fuel types that benefit 
from additive use and also the range of performance features that can be improved, or operational problems 
that can be overcom e, through the use of additives. These may be encountered at the refinery, in distribution 
systems and storage tanks or in use, for example, in numerous different transport applications. An additive may 
be used as a single stand -alone product to resolve a specific issue, for example at the refinery or, frequently, 
may be combined with other products to create a multi -functional package for use in finished fuels for the 
automotive industry.  
Fuel additive treat levels are generally low, with some additives do sed at single figure mg/kg (ppm) levels. 
Others are employed at treat levels ranging from 50 – 3500 mg/kg (0. 005 – 0.35 %) depending on the extent 
and range of benefit desired. Additive treat levels employed do not approach those of fuel blending component s 
(such as ethanol for use in gasoline, or fatty acid methyl esters – FAME – in diesel fuel), where use levels are 
typically 3 – 20% of hydrocarbon base fuel volume.  
 
 DRS 366: 2017  
i Error! Reference source not found . 
 Fuel additives  — Guidelines for inspection  
1 Scope  
This Preliminary Draft Rwanda Standard gives guidance for inspection purpose s for marketed and delivered 
fuel additives  designed for gasoline (petrol) and/or gas oil (diesel ).for use in engine s designed or subsequently 
adapted to run on fuel additives  
2 Normative references  
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of  their content constitutes 
requirements of this document.  For dated refer ences, only the edition  cited applies. For undated references, the 
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
RS ISO 3170 , Petroleum liquids -- Manual sampling  
RS ISO 3171 , Petroleum liquids -- Automatic pipeline sampling  
RS EAS 177, Automotive gas oil (automotive diesel) – Specification  
RS EAS 158, Automotive gasoline (Premium motor spirit) – Specification  
ISO 3929, Road vehicles – Measurement methods for exhaust gas emissions during inspection and 
maintenance  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, the follow ing terms and definitions apply.  
3.1 
fuel 
any material which is capabl e of releasing energy or power by combustion or other chemical or physical reaction   
 3.2  
fuel additives  
chemical substances that are designed to be added to fuels for the purpose of improving engine performance; 
reducing fuel consumption and reducing emissions. They also make fuel burn more uniformly and completely. 
They are normally grouped into cleaners or catalysts  
3.3 
reformulated fuel  
this is a fuel into which those additives have been added.  
3.4 
exhaust emission limit  
the highest permissible qu antity of pollutants released into the atmosphere from a vehicle, expressed as the 
concentration of pollutants in relation to one unit of production or to the degree of air pollution caused by these 
sources (e.g., dark color of smoke).  
3.5 
emission  
shall m ean transfer of pollutants from the source to the atmosphere.  
3.6  
baseline fuel  
fuel that conforms to the requirement of RS EAS 177 or RS EAS 158  
4 Types of fuel additives  
4.1 Main additives component families  
Additive can be sub -divided in terms of their point  of application as indicated below:  
a) refinery products : 
i. antioxidant and stability improver additives ; 
ii. octane/cetane enhancing additives ;  
3                ©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved  
 iii. cold flow improver additives ; 
iv. metal deactivator additives ; and  
v. dyes . 
b) distribution system products : 
vi. corrosion inhibitors ; 
vii. pipeline drag reducing additives ; and  
viii. anti-static additives . 
c) automotive performance enhancement products : 
ix. deposit control additives ; 
x. cetane improvers;  
xi. lubricity additives ; 
xii. friction modifiers ; 
xiii. antifoam additives ; 
xiv. corrosion inhibitors ; 
xv. demulsifiers/dehazers ; 
xvi. anti-valve seat recession additives ; and  
xvii. fuel borne catalysts for particulate filters . 
4.2 Multi -functional additives  
Combined packages of a number of selected additive components should be assembled to provide a bespoke 
performance -enhancing additive for us e by fuel retailers for their products   
 Multifunctional gasoline additive packages will often combine a deposit control additive with a corrosion inhibitor 
and demulsifier additive. Multifunctional diesel additive packages are frequently more complex and may 
combine deposit control additive with cetane number improver, antifoam additive, corrosion inhibitor and 
demulsifier (and possibly also cold improver additives depending on seasonality).  
5 Guidelines for inspection  
5.1 General  
In order to improve the perfor mance quality, the use of additives is allowed. Suitable fuel additives without 
known harmful side -effects are recommended, in the appropriate amount, to avoid deterioration of driveability 
and emissions control durability.  
5.2 Registration  
5.2.1 Each fuel ad ditive sh ould be registered prior to its introduction into market.  The manufacturer and/or 
importer of designated fuel additive sh ould not sell, offer for sale, or introduce into commerce the product without 
a registration proof delivered by competent Auth ority.  
5.2.3 The Chemical composition on Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the additives sh ould be verified 
before being registered by competent authority.  
5.3 Physical and chemical properties  
5.3.1When the fuel is reformulated using the ratios specified by  manufacturer of fuel additives, the physical and 
chemical properties sh ould conform to requirement s of RS EAS 158  in case of reformulated gasoline and RS 
EAS 177  in case of reformulated diesel or both as the claim of the additive may be.  
5.3.2In case of any significant degradation by candidate products as compared by both requirement of 
respective fuel specification and baseline fuel data, the additive sh ould not be allowed in the country.  
5.4 Emission data  
5.4.1Both baseline and reformulated fuels should conform to the requirement stated in clause 5.3. 
5.4.2 The exhaust gas emission test should be performed to evaluate the effect of additive used in fuel and test 
should be performed according to ISO 3929.  
5.4.3 The manufacturer and/or importer of designated fuel additives sh ould provide the exhaust gas emission 
test report before placing its product on the market.  
5.5 Engine performance  
5.5.1 Fuel consumption for baseline and reformulated fuel sh ould be plotted as a function of engine operating 
time to  show benefit claim and consistency of fuel additive.   
5                ©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved  
 5.45.2 The fuel additive sh ould all maintain original engine performance. The engine performance for fuel 
additive should be tested and manufacturer/importer should avail records to facilitate the inspection exercise.  
5.5. The questionnaire for evaluation of fuel additives on engine performance (annex A) should be filled in and 
be presented to the Inspector.  
6 Packaging and  labelling  
6.1 Packag ing 
The material should be packaged in suitable  containers  and shall be accompanied by the Material Safety Data 
(MSD) Sheet.  
6.2 Labelling  
Each container and bulk package sh ould bear (in prominent legible and indelible marking) the following 
information:  
a) The manufacturer's name or trade mark or both;  
b) Word indicating that the product is a fuel additive;  
c) General instructions for use and handling that are suitable for the purpose;  
d) The batch identification;  
e) Manufacture and expiry dates  
f) The volume of the contents in metric units  
7 Sampling  
Representative samples for test sh ould be drawn from the market, factory or anywhere else following the 
procedure of random numbers. Samples sh ould not be stored in direct sunlight. The containers sh ould only be 
opened during testing.  
Samples sh ould be taken as described in RS ISO 3170 or RS ISO 3171 . 
  
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Fuel additive questionnaire for evaluation procedure (diesel and petrol)  
Complete and send the questionnaire, along with existing data pertinent to the additive’s effects, to 
CERTIFICATION or REGISTRATION AUTHORITY. The testing laboratory needs to be competent in conducting 
the appropriate tests.  
Company name or Patent name: ................................................................ ..........................................................  
Address & Phone No: ......................................................................................................... ............... ...................  
                                    ..................................................................................................................... ......................  
Contact person (Name  & Phone No): ............................................................................. .................................  
                                                          .................................................................................. ...................................  
Additive name or code: ....................... .................................................................................................... ..............  
Additive description and category (Cleaner, catalyst, etc.): ................................................................ ............... ... 
                                     ....................................................................................................... ...................................  
                                     ........................................ ......................................................................................... .........  
What are the additive’s effects on the following engine characteristics, and how long does it take to observe 
these effects?  
Performance (Fuel consumption, E xhaust Temperature, etc)  
............................................................................................................................. ............... ......................  
.................................................................... ..............................................................................................  
............................................................................................................................. ............... ..................... . 
Exhaust emissions (including smoke and particulate emissions)  
............................................................................................................................. ............... .....................  
Combustion deposits (including  sparking)  
............................................................................................................................. ............... ...................................
...................................................................... ...............................................................................  
Lube oil  
............................................................................................................................. ............... ........................... ........
............................................................................................................................. ............... ...................................
......................................................................... ................................................  
Wear  
............................................................................................................................. ............... ...................................
.......................... ........................................................................................................................... ..........................
........................................................................................................... ..............  
Fuel system (6.1 parameters for diesel fuel and 6.2 parameters for gasoline fuel )  
6.1 What are the effects of the additive on the following diesel fuel properties?   
7                ©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved  
 6.1.1 Cetane number: ..............................................................................................................  
6.1.2: Viscosity............................................................................................................. ................  
6.1.3: API Gravity.............................................................................................................. ...........  
6.1.4 Distillation Range............................................................................................... ................  
6.1.5 Sulphur Content........................................................................................................ ............  
6.1.6 Carbon Residue................................................................................. ................................  
6.1.7 Flash point............................................................................................................ .............  
6.1.8 Cloud point................................................................... ......................................................  
6.1.9 Pour Point............................................................................................................. .............  
6.1.10 Ash Content............................................ .........................................................................  
6.1.11 Corrosiveness......................................................................................................... .........  
6.1.12 Aromatics............................... ..........................................................................................  
6.1.13 Filterability......................................................................................................... ...............  
6.1.14 Water absorption. .............................................................................................................  
6.1.15 Stability............................................................................................................. ................  
6.1.16 Foaming................................................................................................................... ........  
6.1.17 Bacterial resistance............................................................................................... ...........  
6.1.18 Vapor pressure........................................................................................................ .........  
6.1.19 Miscibility Limits.................................................................................... ............................  
6.2 What are the effects of the additive on the following petrol fuel properties?  
6.2.1 Research octane number (RON)........................................................................................  
6.2.2 Motor octane num ber (MON)..............................................................................................  
6.2.3 Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP), bar at 100 oC (37.8 oC).......................................................  
6.2.4 Density at 20 oC kg/m3   ........ ..............................................................................................  
5.2.5 Distillation point, temperature oC: 
10% (v/v) evaporated.....................................................................................................  
50% (v/v) evaporated at..................................................................................................  
90% (v/v) evaporated a t..................................................................................................  
Final boiling point oC....................................................................................................... . 
Residual %  (v/v)............. ...................................................................................................  
6.2.6 Flexible volatility index (FVI) = RVP + 0.7E70......................................................................  
6.2.7 Oxidation stability (Minute s).................................................................................................  
6.2.8 Copper strip corrosion (3hrs at 50 oC)..................................................................................  
6.2.9 Existence gum content s olvent washed mg/100ml...............................................................  
6.2.10 Sulphur content % m/m................................................................................................. ..... 
6.2.11 Color........................... ........................................................................................................  
6.2.12 Oxygen content %(m/m)................................................................................................. .... 
6.2.13 Total aromatic s, % by volume.............................................................................................  
6.2.14 Total acidity, mg KOH/g............................................................................................... ....... 
6.2.15 Mercapta n Sulphur % by mass...........................................................................................  
What are the effects of the additive on polymers, filter media and other fuel system components?  
................................................ .....................................................................................................  
............................................................................................................................. .........................  
How is this additive used?  
............................................................................................................................. .........................   
 ................................................................................. ......................................................................  
8.1 How is it mixed with fuel?  
............................................................................................................................. ..........................  
............................................................................................................................... ........................  
8.2 In what proportions?  
............................................................................................................................. ..........................  
........................................................................................................ ...............................................  
8.3 How stable is the mixture?  
............................................................................................................................. ..........................  
......................... ............................................................................................................................. . 
8.4 How long is the mixture storable?  
........................................................................................... ..........................................................  
............................................................................................................................. ........................  
8.5 MSDS for safe handling  
.................... ............................................................................................................................. .... 
How stable is the additive itself?  
........................................................................................... .........................................................  
Does the additive contain any zinc?  
............................................................................................................................. ......................  
Are there any chemicals, elements, or physical conditions that can neutralize or otherwise influence the 
effectiveness of the additive? If so, describe in detail on a separate sheet.  
What are the claimed effects of the additive? (Attach any pertinent material)  
......... ............................................................................................................................. ...........................  
....................................................................................................... ..........................................................  
11.1 What tests have been conducted to substantiate these claims? (attach any pertinent material)  
................................................................................................... .............................................................  
............................................................................................................................. ...................................  
11.2 What were the results of the se tests? (Include formal report issued)  
............................................................................................................................. ...................................  
...................................................... ..........................................................................................................  
11.3 Where were these tests performed?  
.............................................................................................................. ..................................................  
............................................................................................................................. .................................  
Depending on the information supplied above, the testing laboratory needs to be competent in conducting the 
appropriate tests.  
  
9                ©RSB 2017 - All rights reserved  
    
  
 
ICS 75.160.20  
 
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