G/SG/N/8/TUR/18  
G/SG/N/10/TUR/18  
G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
16 November 2020  
(20-8220) Page: 1/10 
Committee on Safeguards  Original: English  
 
NOTIFICATION UNDER ARTICLE 12.1(B) OF THE AGREEMENT  ON 
SAFEGUARDS ON FINDING A SERIOUS INJURY OR THREAT  
THEREOF CAUSED BY INCREASED IMPORTS  
 
NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 12.1(C)  
OF THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS  
 
NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 9, FOOTNOTE 2  
OF THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS  
TURKEY 
(Polyethylene Terephthalate Chips)  
The following notification, dated 13 Novemb er 20 20, is being circulated at the request of the 
delegation of Turkey.  
 
_______________  
 
 
Concerning imports of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Chips, Turkey had notified the initiation of 
a safeguard investigation with the WTO Document G/SG/N/6/TUR/27 , dated 17 June 2020.  
Turkey hereby provides notification to the Committee on Safeguards of findings of serious injury or 
threat thereof caused by increased imports and notification of a proposed definitive safeguard 
measure. The public version of the investigation report (in T urkish) together with references and 
sources can be found at the following internet address (to be published) . 
https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/11/20201113 -3.htm  
Consi stent with Article 12.3 of the Agreement on Safeguards , Turkey is prepared to consult with 
those Members having a substantial interest as exporters of the product concerned.  
I. EVIDENCE OF SERIOUS INJURY OR THREAT THEREOF CAUSED BY INCREASED 
IMPORTS  
A. EVIDENCE OF SERIOUS INJURY  
In order to make a determination of serious injury or threat thereof to the domestic producers of 
the like product, an evaluation of all relevant factors of an objective and quantifiable nature having 
a bearing on the situation of t he domestic industry was undertaken for the period under 
consideration (PUC), January 2015 -May 2020. The data, which were submitted by the applicant 
company and utilized in this analysis, represent major proportion of the total domestic production 
of the p roduct involved according to the 2019 figures.  G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  1. Consumption  
Unit (Tons)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Consumption 
(Indexed)  100 119 147 160 214 100 116 
 
Consumption index, which increased during the PUC continuously, reached its peak in 2019, a level 
114% higher than its level in 2015. Similarly, increase in the index has been 16% in the first 
5 months of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019.  
2. Production  
Unit (Tons)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Production 
(Indexed)  100 87 90 89 116 100 120 
 
Production index fluctuated during the PUC. In  the first 5 months of 2020, production increased by 
20% compared to the same period of 2019.  
3. Domestic Sales  
Unit (Tons)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Domestic 
Sales 
(Indexed)  100 93 111 103 178 100 119 
 
Domestic sales index reached 178 in 2019 after fluctuating between 2015 and 2018. Increase in the 
index has been 19% in the first 5 months of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019.  
4. Foreign Sales  
Unit (Tons)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Foreign Sales 
(Indexed)  100 79 77 77 78 100 100 
 
Foreign sales of the domestic industry decreased by 21% in 2016 compared to the previous year. 
The index did not state a significant change in the following years.  
5. Capacity and Capacity Utilization Ratio (CUR)  
Unit (Tons)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Capacity 
(Indexed)  100 100 100 100 165 100 100 
CUR (%) 
(Indexed)  100 87 90 88 70 100 120 
 
Production capacity of the domestic industry remained unchanged until the new capacity investment 
in 2019. Capacity utilization ratio (CUR) index declined to 70 in 2019.  G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  6. Stocks  
Unit (Tons)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Stocks 
(Indexed)  100 118 103 79 189 100 426 
 
End of period stocks of the domestic industry increased by 89% from 2015 to 2019. This trend 
continued in the first 5 months of 2020.  
7. Employment  
Workers  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Employment 
(Indexed)  100 100 100 106 131 100 137 
 
While the number of workers who were in charge of the production of the product concerned did not 
change until 2017, it increased by 6% in 2018. Employment index reached 131 in 2019 in which 
production capacity was also increased by the domestic producer.  
8. Labor Productivity  
Unit (Tons)  
per Worker  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Productivity 
(Indexed)  100 87 90 84 88 100 88 
 
Labor productivity index displayed a fluctuating trend during the PUC. Following a drop to 87 in 
2016, it was counted a similar level in 2019.  
9. Profitability  
Net 
Profit/Total 
Sales  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Profitability 
(Indexed) (%)  -100 200 1.100  1.100  300 100 86 
 
Following a net loss in 2015, profitability of the domestic industry showed a recovery during the next 
three years; however, it decreased sharply in 2019. Indeed, this decreasing trend has also been 
maintained in  the first 5 months of 2020.  
10. Conclusion  
During the PUC, the domestic industry 's production, domestic sales an d CUR fluctuated while 
consumption increased continuously. In the recent period, profitability of the domestic industry 
diminished drastically after 2018. Furthermore, in 2019 the stocks reached to a level exceeding the 
twice of that in the previous year. The data in the first 5 months of 2020 show that the erosion in 
profitability and expansion in stocks have followed the same deteriorating trend recently.  
Taking into account all these factors, it is concluded that the domestic industry is exposed to threa t 
of serious injury for the product concerned.  G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  B. CAUSATION ANALYSIS  
In order to examine the existence of a causal link between increased imports and threat of serious 
injury and in order to ensure that injury caused by other factors is not attributed to increased 
imports, the investigating authority analyzed the effects of the following factors:  
1. Analysis of Causation Factors  
(a) Effect of Increased Imports  
Imports of the product concerned increased constantly during the PUC. From 2016 to 2019 annual 
increase rate in quantity of imports became 38%, 26%, 17% and 22%, respectively. Expansion in 
imports continued in the January -May period of 2020 by rising 14% compared to the same period 
of the previous year.  
Likewise, the market share of i mports increased significantly between 2015 and 2018. Despite a 
drop in the market share of imports in 2019, overall assessment shows that the domestic industry 
lost 7% of domestic market share to imports from 2015 to 2019.  
Therefore, it is concluded that the increase in imports both in absolute and relative terms and the 
deterioration in economic indicators of the domestic industry followed a similar pattern throughout 
the period analyzed. The persistence of the rise in imports during the PUC clearly revea ls the 
conclusion that the development of imports into Turkey has been the cause of deterioration in the 
situation of the domestic industry by eroding its market share in 2015 -2018 period and by forcing it 
to waive sustainable profit rates in the recent pe riod. 
(b) Conditions of Competition  
Despite being used in various fields of industry, Polyethylene Terephthalate Chips should be regarded 
as an intermediate good whose mostly marketed types have a homogeneous character. According 
to the information obtaine d during the investigation, the investigation authority stated that price 
was one of the most significant factors for user preference in the domestic market. In this respect, 
it is evident that price level directly determines the sales volumes of domestic and imported goods.  
The figures of the unit prices of the imported goods of main suppliers in the Turkish market were 
obtained from the Turkish Statistical Database and demonstrated below. The products from 
Malaysia, India and Indonesia draw attention with  their lower unit prices in the recent period. The 
fact that Malaysia is the only country who doubled the quantity of PET Chips delivery into Turkey in 
the first 5 months of 2020 (compared to the same period of previous year) presents an explicit 
example s howing that price is the principal competition tool in the market.  
Countries  Unit Import Prices (USD/Kilograms)  
2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Republic of Korea  1,05 0,92 1,02 1,23 1,15 1,2 0,93 
Malaysia  - 0,84 0,99 1,17 1,02 1,09 0,84 
China  1,06 1,16 1,09 1,28 1,13 1,21 1,07 
Germany  1,23 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,25 1,36 1,05 
India 1,01 0,88 1,02 1,22 1,07 1,1 0,85 
Indonesia  1,03 0,89 1,04 1,2 1,05 1,17 0,86 
Thailand  1 0,84 1,08 1,43 1,54 1,54 1,52 
Chinese Taipei  1,03 0,96 1,06 1,2 1,02 0,99 0,86 
Ethiopia  - - - - 0,65 0,63  - 
Lebanon  - - - - 0,65 0,64 0,58 
Others  1,13 1,02 1,06 1,31 1,16 1,42 1,04 
World  1,07 0,95 1,05 1,24 1,12 1,19 0,93 
 
Finally, the investigation authority found out that imported products undercut the price of domestic 
products in the period 2016 -2019 in which domestic industry either lost a portion of its market share 
or it needed to reduce the profitability.  G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  Unit Price 
Comparison 
(USD/Kilog
rams)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2020 (5)  
Unit 
Domestic 
Ex-Works 
Sales Price 
of the 
Domestic 
Product  X X X X X X 
Constructed 
Unit Price of 
the Domestic 
Product (Unit 
Commercial 
Cost + 5% 
Profit 
Margin)  X X X X X X 
Weighted 
Average 
Cost of the 
Imported 
Product  1,12 0,98 1,08 1,27 1,12 0,93 
Price 
Undercutting  -X X X X X -X 
Price 
Suppression  X X X X X X 
Price 
Depression  
(Real Price 
of the 
Domestic 
Product)  X X X X X X 
 
(c) Coinciding Trends  
It is understood that there is parallelism between all the relevant factors of an objective and 
quantifiable nature having a bearing on the situation of the domestic industry such as the decline in 
profitability, increase in inventories and the increase in the imports of the product concerned in 
absolute and relative terms together with the rise in t he market share of the imports.  
(d) Other Factors  
(i) Enhancing Capacity of Domestic Industry  
Following a stability in the production capacity in the period of 2015 -2018, domestic industry 
launched new capacity investment which expanded the established capacity by 65% in 2019. Having 
checked the accounts of domestic producers during the investigation, the investigation authority did 
not find a causal link between the financial burden of the new investment and the deterioration of 
economic ind icators.  
(ii) Production Technology of the Domestic Industry  
A number of interested parties claimed that the domestic industry could not compete with imported 
products in terms of quality due to using low -tech equipment in their process. However, the findi ngs 
of the investigation authority on product types and production process of the domestic industry 
reveal that their production technology is mostly identical with that of the producers in exporting 
countries. Producing a large variety of the product conc erned in a proved level of quality, the 
domestic industry has continued to export its products to prestigious companies from various 
countries. As a result, it appears that the level of production technology did not play a role in the 
threat of serious inj ury that the domestic industry has been facing.  G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  (iii) Exports  
Annual export quantity of the domestic industry has been stable in the period 2016 -2019. Foreign 
sales index (2015=100) fluctuated between 77 and 79 throughout these years. In the first 5 months  
of 2020, this stable trend did not change. Indeed, the domestic industry did not work with full 
capacity during the PUC. Therefore, the domestic industry did not need to adjust its domestic 
activities depending on the demand conditions in foreign markets.  As a result, threat of serious 
injury cannot be attributed to the developments in exports of the domestic industry  
2. Conclusion on Causation  
From 2015 to 2019, the quantity of imports increased significantly (140%) and import prices 
undercut the prices o f the domestic industry in 2016 -2019. In this framework, having concluded 
that there is a correlation between the increase in imports and the deterioration of various economic 
indicators of the domestic industry; and having determined that injurious effect s cannot be 
attributed to the other known factors; the investigation authority reached to the conclusion that 
there is a causal link between increased imports and threat of serious injury that the domestic 
industry has been exposed to.  
II. INFORMATION ON W HETHER THERE IS AN ABSOLUTE INCREASE IN IMPORTS OR AN 
INCREASE IN IMPORTS RELATIVE TO DOMESTIC PRODUCTION  
1. Unforeseen Developments  
The investigation authority researched the capacity, production and export trends of the product 
concerned and assessed the  conditions of the global trade in the last years to determine whether 
there are unforeseen developments causing to increase imports into Turkey.  
To begin with, the investigation authority analyzed  global capacity and production level of polymer, 
the main intermediary form in the production of PET Chips as well as different products. The following 
table was received  from a study of PCI Wood Mackenzie Chemicals.  
Polymer  2015  2019  
Capacity 
(1000Tons)  Production 
(1000Tons)  Share of 
Capacity (%)  Capacity 
(1000Tons)  Production 
(1000Tons)  Share of 
Capacity (%)  
China  43.429  37.005  52% 57.250  49.836  57% 
India 8.360  5.882  10% 9.683  7.420  10% 
USA 4.783  3.803  6% 5.111  3.723  5% 
Chinese 
Taipei  4.468  2.621  5% 4.191  2.611  4% 
Republic 
of Korea  3.539  3.128  4% 3.347  2.983  3% 
Indonesia  2.571  2.046  3% 1.974  1.846  2% 
Thailand  1.837  1.413  2% 1.837  1.497  2% 
Mexico  1.334  1.139  2% 1.414  1.027  1% 
Japan  1.110  728 1% 1.306  592 1% 
Pakistan  639 700 1% 1.302  1.020  1% 
Vietnam  515 269 1% 1.230  901 1% 
Brazil  1.007  617 1% 1.209  750 1% 
Iran 1.020  451 1% 1.020  558 1% 
Germany  842 638 1% 862 642 1% 
Oman  850 445 1% 850 622 1% 
Lithuania  601 597 1% 766 649 1% 
Saudi 
Arabia  716 151 1% 750 224 1% 
Russia  744 502 1% 744 586 1% 
Malaysia  622 567 1% 622 541 1% 
Spain  627 502 1% 594 520 1% 
Others  3.762  2.624  5% 4.313  2.579  4% 
World  83.376  65.828  100%  100.375  81.127  100%  
 
According to the figures of 2019, with its capacity exceeding 57 million tonnes and the production 
around 50 million tonnes, China is the leading polymer supplier in the world. India, USA, Chinese G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  Taipei, Korea and Indonesia are other main producers. Havin g expanded its capacity by 32% from 
2015 to 2019, China has come to a position claiming to be in aggressive marketing of all polymer -
based products in the world recently. Furthermore, the fact that it increased its share in imports of 
Turkey from 8% in 201 8 to 19% in 2019 is an explicit indication of the trend in capacity enhancement 
of China.  
Secondly, global export amounts of main suppliers for the product concerned were analysed with 
respect to years from 2017 to 2019. For this analysis, data from Intern ational Trade Centre (ITC) 
were used, which is summarized below.  
Global Exports of the Product Concerned by Main Supplier Countries  
Countries  Tons  Value (1000 USD)  
2017  2018  2019  2017  2018  2019  
China  318.637  429.559  538.856  332.260  527.572  560.237  
Republic of 
Korea  500.513  501.852  470.951  554.213  660.307  560.937  
Malaysia  69.089  190.971  321.183  82.256  213.065  292.887  
India 132.754  225.976  202.701  132.715  272.324  216.939  
Chinese 
Taipei  89.029  213.607  191.823  90.238  236.361  173.312  
USA 161.489  150.588  150.691  264.958  256.532  243.695  
Indonesia  111.245  157.494  150.269  101.409  152.145  116.539  
Japan  96.142  104.934  138.265  97.277  109.885  141.129  
Thailand  56.977  90.649  126.133  57.420  90.112  114.080  
Germany  107.341  114.714  123.503  124.223  145.642  127.093  
World  2.401.225  3.172.894  3.205.575  2.702.235  3.876.308  3.378.930  
 
The same countries leading global polymer production are also present among the first ranks of the 
table showing exports of PET Chips. In addition to these countries, Malaysia appears as the 3rd 
largest exporter of the product concerned in the world in 2019. It is highly remarkable that Malaysia 
reached this position by increasing its exports to other countries by 365% from 2017 to 2019. This 
percentage of de velopment in exports is unexpected and extraordinary for a period of two years. 
Less striking but significant, China 's global export of the product concerned also increased by 69% 
in the same period. Therefore, the fact that these two countries are the one s increasing their market 
share significantly in the Turkish market recently is not surprising within the light of the figures 
above.  
Thirdly, the analysis focused on the list of main export markets of Malaysia which was obtained again 
from ITC data and pr esented below.  
Exports of Malaysia  
Countries  Tons  Value (1000 USD)  Quantitiy Share (%)  
2017  2018  2019  2017  2018  2019  2017  2018  2019  
China  3.444  61.404  140.051  6.530  51.071  100.471  5% 32% 44% 
Turkey  7.410  22.867  41.836  6.890  23.661  38.739  11% 12% 13% 
Bangladesh  15.539  20.723  38.863  12.832  18.645  34.961  22% 11% 12% 
World  69.089  190.971  321.183  82.256  213.065  292.887  100%  100%  100%  
 
These figures show that Turkey became the second largest market of Malaysia for the product 
concerned in 2018 and 2019. Thus, excess capacity and overproduction of Malaysia have targeted 
Turkey among others in recent period.  
In conclusion, continuously increasing production quantities and expanding capacities in the 
developing supplier countries have paved the way for the increase in imports of PET Chips 
substantially into Turkey in the last years of the PUC. The increase in capacity and production in the 
developing countries led by China and Malaysia, their ability to direct the extra production to export 
markets a nd their capability to target Turkey as one of the main markets to expand aggressively 
have been unforeseen developments that have caused an absolute increase in the imports of the 
product concerned.  G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  In the light of the evaluations above, the investigation  authority concluded that the unforeseen 
recent developments in the world market had a pushing impact on the import trend of Turkey during 
the investigation period.  
2. Increase in Imports  
An analysis of the increase in imports into Turkey of the product co ncerned both in absolute and 
relative terms was carried out over the period from 2015 to 2019 and January -May 2020. In this 
period, imports of the product concerned increased considerably both in absolute terms and relative 
to domestic production.  
a) Absol ute Imports  
Imports  
(Tons)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
50.502  69.512  87.470  102.079  121.392  48.397  55.187  
 
Imports of the product concerned increased in absolute terms constantly during the PUC. The 
quantity of imports climbed to 121.4 thousand tonnes in 2019 by recording a rise 140% from its 
level in 2015. Imports grew by 14% in the first 5 month of 2020 compared to the same period of 
2019.  
b) Imports Relative to Domestic Production  
Imports/Production  
(% – Index)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
100 158 191 228 207 100 95 
 
The ratio of imports to domestic production rose by 128% between 2015 and 2018.  
c) Market Share of Imports  
Market 
Share of 
Imports  
(% – 
Index)  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
100 116 118 126 112 100 98 
 
Between 2015 and 2018, imports of the product concerned increased its market share significantly.  
d) Share of Supplier Countries in Turkey 's Imports  
Countries  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2019(5)  2020(5)  
Republic of Korea  25% 37% 37% 50% 32% 38% 20% 
Malaysia  - 7% 14% 13% 23% 22% 36% 
China  8% 1% 3% 8% 19% 16% 17% 
Germany  16% 15% 11% 9% 8% 9% 7% 
India 10% 10% 10% 5% 4% 6% 3% 
Indonesia  9% 6% 7% 5% 6% 5% 7% 
Thailand  7% 4% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 
Chinese Taipei  20% 14% 11% 5% 2% 0% 7% 
Ethiopia  - - - - 1% 1% 0% 
Others  5% 6% 6% 3% 1% 1% 2% 
World  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  
 
The distribution of imports share among supplying countries changed notably during the PUC. While 
the share of products originated from Malaysia and China expanded significantly in this period, the 
share of the products having Republic of Korea origin decreased after 2018. Malaysia, with its 
products having relatively lower unit price, has gone up to the first rank in the list of supplier 
countries in the first 5 months of 2020.  G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  III. PRECISE DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT INVOLVED  
The subject product is classified under 12 -digit Turkish Customs Code 3907.69.00.00.00 in Turkish 
Customs Tariff Schedule of 2020. This product includes Polyethylene Terephthalate  Chips which has 
a viscosity number of < 78 ml/g.  
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED MEASURE  
The imposition of a definitive safeguard measure is proposed in the form of specific duty per 
kilogram, which will be implemented as shown in the table below.  
Customs  Tariff 
Statistics Code  Definition  Proposed Measure  
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 
3907.69.00.00.00  Others  0,060 USD/Kg  0,058 USD/Kg  0,056 USD/Kg  
Below is the list of developing countries excluded from the measure, according to Article 9.1 of the 
Agreement on Safeguards , as they constitute less than 3% individually and 9% collectively of 
imports of Turkey. The exemption will be applied in the form o f tariff quotas. To that end, each 
country may be granted, for each period, a tariff quota of 3.642 tons, the amount that represents 
3% of imports of Turkey of the product concerned in the year 2019. Overall, total amount of tariff 
quota shall not exceed 1 0.926 tons, 9% of total imports of Turkey in 2019.  
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua And Barbuda, Argentina, Azerbaijan - Nakhichevan, 
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, 
Brazil, Bur kina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, 
Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Congo Dem. Republic, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, 
Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Egypt, El Salvador, Equator, Equat orial Guinea, Eritrea, 
Ethiopia, Fiji, Financial, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, 
Guinea, Guinea -Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, 
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirghizstan, Kiribati, Kosov o, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macedonia, 
Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, 
Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, 
Nepal, Nicaragua , Niger, Nigeria, Niue, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Panama, 
Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Russian Federation, Samoa, Sao Tome 
and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sou th Africa, 
South Sudan, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Sudan, 
Suriname, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, 
Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Van uatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, 
Zambia, Zimbabwe.  
V. PROPOSED DATE OF INTRODUCTION OF THE MEASURE  
The measure will enter into force on 13/12/2020. The related Presidential Decree was published in 
the Official Gazette on 13/11/2020.  
VI. EXPECTED DURATION OF THE MEASURE  
The expected duration of the proposed measure is three years.  
VII. PROPOSED DATE FOR THE REVIEW  
Not applicable.  
VIII.  EXPECTED TIMETABLE FOR PROGRESSIVE LIBERALIZATION OF THE MEASURE  
In order to induce adjustment, the proposed measu re will be subject to liberalization on a regular 
basis following its imposition, thereby ensuring that there is a strong incentive for domestic 
producers to undertake progressively the necessary restructuring and adjustment programs. The 
proposed measure is to be progressively liberalized as indicated in item IV above.  G/SG/N/8/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/10/TUR/18 • G/SG/N/11/TUR/25  
 
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  IX. INFORMATION RELATING TO THE EXTENSION OF A SAFEGUARD MEASURE  
Not applicable.  
__________