DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
ICS 71.100.70  
 
© EAC 2022                                                                                                                              First Edition 2022   
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Skin applied mosquito repellent  — Specification — Part 1: Lotions, 
creams, gels and ointments  
 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
ii © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice  
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Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.  
Violators may be prosecuted . DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  1 
4 Active ingredients  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  2 
4.1 Natural repellents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  2 
4.2 Synthetic repellents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  3 
5 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  3 
5.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
5.2 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
5.3 Heavy metal requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  4 
5.4 Microbiological requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  4 
5.5 Biological efficacy  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
6 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
7 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  5 
8 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  5 
Annex  A (normative)  Determination of DE ET content  ................................ ................................ ...................  6 
A.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  6 
A.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  6 
A.3 Preparation of ca libration curve  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  6 
A.4 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  6 
A.5 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  7 
Annex  B (inf ormative)  Determination of residue  ................................ ................................ ...........................  8 
B.1 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  14 
B.2 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  14 
Annex C (normative)  Determination of total fatty substance content  ................................ .......................  15 
C.1 Outline of the method  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  15 
C.2 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  15 
C.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  15 
C.4 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  15 
Annex D (normative)  Determination of  total pyrethrins  ................................ ................................ ..............  17 
D.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  17 
D.2 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  17 
D.3 Apparatu s ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  17 
D.4 Operating conditions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  17 
D.5 Preparation of the standard  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  17 
D.6 Sample preparation  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  18 
D.7 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  18 
D.8 Calculation of the % total pyrethrins (active ingredient) ................................ ................................ . 18 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  19 
 DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
iv © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in  the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
The Community has established an East African Standards C ommittee  (EASC)  mandated to develop and 
issue East African Standards  (EAS) . The Committee is composed of representatives of the National 
Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the public and private sector 
organizations  in the community .  
East African Standards are developed through  Technical Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties. 
Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the 
Partner States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the Principles and procedures for develop ment of East African Standards.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
The c ommittee responsible for this document is Technical Committee EASC/TC 078, Healthcare and medical 
devices.  
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible f or identifying any or all such patent rights.  
DEAS 1119  consists of the following parts, under the general title Skin applied mosquito repellents —
Specification:  
Part 1 : Lotions, creams, gels and ointments  
Part 2 : Sprays and roll -ons 
Part 3: Wipes  
Part 4: Bathing soaps  
Part 5: Bracelets, wristbands and patches  
Part 6: Jelly  DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 1119 -1:2022  
 
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  1 
 Skin applied mosquito repellent  — Specification — Part 1: Lotions, 
creams, gels  and ointments   
1 Scope   
This D raft East African  Standard specifies the requirements, sampling and test methods for skin applied 
mosquito repellents in form of lotions, creams, gels and ointments.  
2 Normative references   
The following documents are referr ed to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes 
requirements of this document.  For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, 
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendmen ts) applies.  
EAS 346, Labelling of cosmetic products — General requirements  
EAS 377 (all parts), Cosmetics and cosmetic products  
EAS 846, Glossary of terms relating to the cosmetic industry  
EAS 847 -16, Cosmetics —Analytical methods —Part 16: Determination of heavy metal content  
EAS 847 -17, Cosmetics —Analytical methods —Part 17: Physio -chemical test  
ISO 18 416, Cosmetics — microbiology — detection of candida albicans  
ISO 21149, Cosmetics ― Microbiology ― Enumeration and detection of aerobic mesophilic bacteria  
ISO 22717 , Cosmetics — microbiology — detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa  
ISO 22718 , Cosmetics — microbiology — detection of staphylococcus aureus  
ISO 24153, Random samplin g and randomization procedures  
DEAS 1120 -1, Mosquito repellents ― Performance test guidelines ― Part 1: Skin applied repellents  
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this document, the t erms and definitions given in EAS  846 and the following appl y. ISO 
and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp . 
3.1  
mosquito  
blood -sucking dipterous insec t of the family Culicidae. Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, and Stegomyia 
are genera containing most species involved in the transmission of protozoan and other disease -causing 
parasites  DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
2 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 3.2  
mosquito repellent  
substance applied to deter mosquito from a pproaching or settling   
3.3 
natural repellents  
repellents that contain, plant -based compounds  
3.4  
synthetic repellents  
conventional repellents containing chemical compounds manufactured  to imitate the natural compounds.  
4 Symbols and/or abbreviated terms   
DEET  N, N-Diethyl -meta -toluamide or diethyltoluamide  
IR3535  ethyl butylacetylaminopropionat e 
Picaridin  1-(1-methylpropoxycarbonyl) -2-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperidine  or 2 -(2-hydroxyethyl) -1-
piperidinecarboxylic acid 1 -methylpropyl ester  
5 Active i ngredients  
5.1 Natural repellents  
5.1.1 Active ingredients used in natural repellents shall be plant based compounds which are able to deter 
mosquitoes from approaching or settling. Such shall be essential oils or any other plant extract approved  by 
relevant authority  as mosquito repellents.  
5.1.2 The manufacturer shall provide adequate data on the repellence of such ingredients.   Adequate data 
shall include  laboratory studies showing estimation of effective dose (technical material) and estimation of 
complete protection time; and the outcomes of field trials showing efficacy and persistence of technical 
material; efficacy and persistence of formulated product.  
5.1.3 The manufacturer shall have adequate data justifying the safety and proportion  of ingredi ent(s) used 
in the product, for which claims are made.  
5.1.4 The essential oils used and other plant extracts in natural repellents shall be, but not limited to:  
a) cedarwood oil;  
b) tea tree oil;  
c) geranium oil;  
d) rosemary oil;  
e) lemongrass oil;  
f) citronella oil ;  
g) eucalyptus oil;  
h) cinnamon oil;  
i) neem oil ;                     DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  3 
 j) lavender  
k) cloves  
l) basils  
m) jasmine;  and 
n) pyrethrum  
5.1.5 The proportion of single or blended active ingredient (s) in natural repellent shall be set by the 
manufacturer in accordance with the relevant  standard and records shall be availed.  
5.1.6 Pyrethrum extracts such as pyrethrins shall be considered in natural repellents. The limits of 
pyrethrins in natural repellents shall not be less than 0.5% w/w, when tested in accordance with annex F. 
5.2 Synthetic repelle nts  
5.2.1 Synthetic repellents shall contain synthetic chemical compounds which are able to deter mosquitoes 
from approaching or settling on the surface.  
5.2.2 If a synthetic active ingredient is blended with other active ingredient (s), either natural o r synthetic, 
the proportion shall be set by the manufacturer based on scientific research and records shall be availed.  
5.2.3 Synthetic repellents and their active ingredients shall be approved and registered by relevant authority 
before being released to  the market.  
6 Requirements  
6.1 General requirements  
6.1.1 The product shall constitute a mosquito repellent that is formulated as lotion, cream, gel or ointment 
and shall be essentially a product which has active ingredient (s) added to a certain level.  
6.1.2 It shall be primarily composed of water, surfactants, fatty alcohol, fragrance, oil and other emollients. 
All ingredients sh all meet the requirements of EAS 377.  
6.1.3 When applied to the skin, the product shall have the benefit of repelling mosquit oes and shall not 
cause harmful effect to the skin.  
6.2 Specific requirements  
6.2.1 Active ingredients and their content in synthetic repellents shall meet the requirements prescribed in 
Table 1.  
Table 1  — Active ingredients content for synthetic repelle nts in form of lotions, creams, gels and 
ointments.  
S/N  Characteristic  Requirement  Test method  
i  DEET, % w/w.  4 – 30 Annex A  
ii  Picaridin, % w/w.  5 – 20 Annex B 
iii  IR3535, % w/w.  7.5 – 20.07  Annex C 
 
6.2.2 The product shall comply with the specif ic requirements given in  Table 2 when tested in accordance 
to the methods described therein.   DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
4 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 Table 2— Specific requirements for skin applied mosquito repellents in form of lotions, creams, gel 
and ointments  
S/N  Characteristic  Requirement  Test method  
i  Thermal stability  To pass test  EAS 847 -18  
ii  pH 3.5 – 8.5 EAS 847 -17  
iii  Total fatty substance content, % 
m/m, min  5 Annex E  
iv  Total residues, % m/m, max  40 Annex D  
 
6.3 Heavy metal requirements  
The product shall comply with the heavy met al requirements given in Table 3 when tested in accordance with 
the test methods specified therein.  
Table 3— Heavy metal requirements for skin applied mosquito repellent in form of lotions, creams, gel 
and ointments  
S/N  Heavy metal  Limit, mg/kg, max  Test method  
i  Lead,  10  
EAS 847 -16 ii Arsenic  2 
iii Mercury  2 
The total amount of heavy metals as lead, mercury and arsenic, in combination in the finished product shall not exceed 10 mg/ kg 
 
6.4 Microbiological requirements  
The product shall comply with the microbiology limits specified in Table 4 when tested in accordance to the 
methods described therein  
Table 4— Microbiology limits for skin applied mosquito repellent in form of lotions, creams, gel and 
ointments  
S/N  Characteristic.  Requirement   Test method  
i  Total viable count, cfu/g, max  
• Products for children below 
three years  
• Other products   
100 
 
1000  ISO 21149  
ii  Staphylococcus aureus (per g)  Not detected  ISO 22718  
iii  Pseudomonas aeruginosa (per g)  Not detected  ISO 22717  
iv  Candida albicans (per g)  Not detected  ISO 18416  
 
6.5 Biological efficacy  
When tested in accordance with DEAS 1120 -1, the product shall repel 100% of the mosquitoes from 
approaching or climbing on that surface, within protection time indicated  by the manufacturer.                     DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  5 
 7 Packaging  
The product shall be packaged in suitable well -sealed containers that shall protect the contents and shall not 
cause any contamination , deterioration or reaction  with the product.  
8 Labelling  
In addition to the lab elling requirements given in EAS 346, the package shall be legibly and indelibly labelled 
in English and/or any other official language (French, Kiswahili, etc.) used in the importing East African 
Partner State  with the following information:  
a) name of the pro duct; as “skin applied mosquito repellent”  
b) form of product as “lotion”, “cream”, “gel” or “ointment”  
c) instructions for use;  
d) active ingredient (s) content;  
e) protection time ;  
f) age group and/or health condition for which use is prohibited ;  
g) storage condition s; 
h) disposal instructions;   
i) expiry date ; 
j) date of manufacture;  
k) batch number;  and  
l) precaution/warning  
9 Sampling  
Sampling shall be done in accordance with ISO 24153.  DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
6 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Determination of DEET content  
A.1 General  
The sample is dissolved in c arbon disulfide and the difference in absorbance at 14.18 μm and at 14.48 μm is 
determined. The quantity of meta -isomer is obtained from this value by means of a calibration curve prepared 
by the use of a reference standard.  
A.2 Apparatus  
A.2.1  Double -beam  infrared spectrophotometer  
A.2.2  Two equivalent infrared absorption cells, with sodium chloride windows and a path length of 
approximately 0.4 mm.  
A.3 Preparation of calibration curve  
A.3.1  Weigh (to the nearest 0.1 mg) into four volumetric flasks suffici ent amounts of the reference DEET 
standard of known purity to give concentrations of approximately 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/L when dissolved in 
carbon disulfide.  
A.3.2  Fill the reference cell with carbon disulfide and the sample cell with each of the standard solutions in 
turn, and record the spectra. The spectrum may be scanned rapidly, except for the region 12 – 15 μm, where 
a normal speed should be used. Carry out a blank measurement with carbon disulfide to correct for any 
inequality in the paired cells and  to determine whether a cell correction is required.  
A.3.3  Measure the absorbance at 14.18 μm and at 14.48 μm and calculate the difference between these 
values, ΔA, for each of the solutions. Plot the values of ΔA against the concentration ( mg/L) of the m eta-
isomer.  
A.3.4  If a cell correction is required, the value of ΔA is determined from the formula:  
ΔA = [A14.18 – A14.48]  ref. - [A14.48]  blank  
Where ref. = determination with reference standard  
blank = determination on CS 2 blank  
A.4 Procedure  
Weigh (t o the nearest 0.1 mg) about 0.5 g of the sample, transfer quantitatively to a 10 mL volumetric flask, 
and make up to the mark with carbon disulfide. Measure the infrared absorption at 14.18 μm and 14.48 μm 
using the same conditions as described in clause  A.3. Determine the concentration of meta -isomer by 
comparing this value with the calibration curve. A standard sample should be run each day to check the 
calibration of the instrument.                     DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  7 
 A.5 Calculation  
DEET content (g/kg)  
where,   
C1 concentration (g/L) of standard DEET found from calibration curve  
C2 concentration (g/L) of sample taken  
P purity (g/kg) of the reference standard  DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
8 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex B  
(normative)  
 
Determination  of ethyl butylacetamidopropionate (IR3535 ). 
B.1 Outline of method  
B.1.1  Ethyl butylacetamido propionate is determined by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionisation 
detection and internal standardisation.  
B.1.2  The retention time of the ethyl butylacetamidopropionate peak of the sample solution should not 
deviate by more than 2 % from that  of the calibration solution.  
B.2 Reagents  
B.2.1 Acetonitrile  
B.2.2  Ethyl butylacetamidopropionate, standard of known purity  
B.2.3  Methyl tridecanoate, internal standard  
B.2.4  Calibration solution.  
B.2.4.1  Weigh (to the nearest 0.1 mg in duplicate) into vo lumetric flasks (10 ml) about 100 mg ethyl 
butylacetamidopropionate standard (s mg) and about 100 mg methyl tridecanoate (r mg).  
B.2.4.2  Dissolve in acetonitrile and fill to the mark with acetonitrile (solutions C1 and C2). The solutions 
are stable for on e week at room temperature.  
B.3 Apparatus  
B.3.1  Gas chromatograph equipped with a split/splitless injection and a flame ionisation detector  
B.3.2  Capillary column fused silica, 25 m × 0.32 (i.d.) mm, coated with CP -Sil 5 CB, film thickness: 1.2 µm  
B.3.3  Electric integrator or data system  
B.4 Procedure  
B.4.1  Chrom atographic conditions (typical)  
B.4.1.1 Column  fused  silica,  25 m × 0.32 mm (i.d.),  film thickness: 1.2 µm, coated with 
CP-Sil 5 CB  
B.4.1.2  Injection system  
B.4.1.2.1  Injector : split injection  
B.4.1 .2.2 Split ratio :1:50                    DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  9 
 B.4.1.2  Detector : Flame ionisation  
B.4.1.3  Temperatures  
B.4.1.3.1  Injection port :300 °C  
B.4.1.3.2  Detector :310 °C  
B.4.1.3.3  Oven program  
B.4.1.3.3.1  initial: 120 °C  
B.4.1.3.3.2  Program rate: 10 °C/min  
B.4.1.3.3.3  Final: 260 °C  
B.4.1. 4 Injection volume : 5 µl 
B.4.1.5  Gas flow rates  
B.4.1.5.1  Helium  1.1 ml/min  
B.4.1.5.2  Helium (make up)  45 ml/min  
B.4.1.5.3  Hydrogen  40 ml/min  
B.4.1.6  Retention times  
B.4.1.6.1  ethyl butylacetamidopropionate: about: 10.4 min  
B.4.1.6.2  methyl tridecanoate:  about: 10.9 min  
B.5 Preparation of sample.  
B.5.1  Weigh in duplicate (to the nearest 0.1 mg) into volumetric flasks (10 ml) sufficient sample to contain 
about 100 mg ethyl butylacetamidopropionate (w mg) and about 100 mg methyl tridecanoate (q mg).  
B.5.2  Dissolve in acetonitrile and fill to the mark with acetonitrile (solutions S1 and S2). The solutions are 
stable for one week at room temperature . 
B.6 System equilibration  
Inject 0.1 µl portions of the calibration solution and repeat the injections until re tention times and calibration 
factors vary by less than 0.1 % of the mean of three successive injections.  
B.7 Determination.  
B.7.1  Inject 0.1 µl portions of the calibration solution and sample solutions in the following sequence: C 1, S1, 
C2, S2,…etc.  
B.7.2 Determine the peak areas and calculate the mean response factor ( f) of the calibration solution 
injections bracketing the injections of the sample solutions . DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
10 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 B.8 Calculation  
B.8.1  Individual response factor  
 is calculated as foll ows:  
 
B.8.2 Ethyl butylacetamidopropionate shall be calculated as follows:  
 
where:  
 
fi individual  response  factor  
f mean  response  factor  
Hs peak  area of ethyl butylacetamidopropionate  in the calibration  solution  
Hw peak  area of ethyl butylacetamidopropionate  in the sample  solution  
Ir peak  area of the internal standard  in the calibration  solution  
Iq peak  area of  the internal standard  in the sample  solution  
s mass  of ethyl  butylacetamidopropionate  standard  in the calibration  solution  (mg) 
r mass  of internal  standard  in the calibration  solution  (mg) 
q mass  of internal  standard  in the sample  solution  (mg) 
w mass  of sample  taken  (mg) 
P purity  of ethyl  butylacetamidopropionate  standard  (g/kg)  
Repeatability  r 18 g/kg at 1002  g/kg active  ingredient  content  
Reproduc ibility  R 18 g/kg at 1002  g/kg active  ingredient  content                     DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex C  
(normative)  
 
Determination of icaridin  
C.1 outline of method  
Icaridin is determined by capillary gas chromatograph  using internal standardisation and flame ionisation 
detection.  
C.2 Reagents  
C.2.1  Icaridin reference standard with known  content  
C.2.2  Dimethyl Phthalate internal standard  
C.2.3  Propan -2-ol 
C.2.4 Calibration solution.  
Weigh (to the nearest 0.1 mg) about 100mg icaridin reference substance (s mg) and 100  mg dimethyl 
phthalate ( r mg) into a volumetric flask (20 ml). Fill to the mark with propan -2-ol and homogenise.  
C.3 Apparatus  
C.3.1 Gas chromatograph  capable of operating in the range 150  °C to 330  °C, fitted with a flame ionisation 
detector,  a split injector and an autosampler  
C.3.2 Column quartz,30 m ×0.25 mm ( i.d), coated with dimethyl polysiloxane/ diphenyl polysiloxane 95/5 % 
(e.g. DB5), film thickness 0.25 µm 
C.3.3 Electronic integrator or data system  
C.4 procedure  
C.4.1 Chromatographic conditions (typical)  
C.4.1.1  Column : Quartz,30 m × 0.25 mm (i.d.),  coated with dimethyl polysiloxane/ diphenyl polysiloxane 
95/5% (e.g. DB5), film thickness 0.25 µm  
C.4.1.2  Injection system  
C.4.1.2.1  Injector: split injection  
C.4.1.2.2  Split flow:40ml/min  
C.4.1.2  Detector: Flame ionisation  
C.4.1.3  Temperatures  DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
12 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 C.4.1.3.1  Injector :240 °C 
C.4.1.3.2  Detector:3 30 °C 
C.4.1.3.3  Oven program : 150 °C hold for 2 min, gradient: 10°C/ min to 330 °C, hold for 3 min.  
C.4.1.4  Injection volume: 1 µl 
C.4.1.5  Gas flow rates  
C.4.1.5.1  Helium  (carrier)  1.5 ml/min  (100kpa)  
C.4.1.5.2  Hydrogen: about 30ml/min   
C.4.1.5.3  Air: about 3 00ml/min  
C.4.1.5. 4 Nitrogen (makeup ): about 25ml/min  
C.4.1.6  Run time : about 25 min  
C.4.1.7 Retention times  
C.4.1.6.1  Dimethyl Phthalate : about 3 min 
C.4.1.6.2  Icaridin : about 4.5 min 
C.5 Preparation of sample  
Weigh (to the nearest 0.1 mg) into a volumetric flask (20 ml) sufficient sample to contain about 100 mg icaridin 
(w mg) and  about 100 mg dimethyl phthalate (q mg). Fill to the mark with propan -2-ol and homogenise.  
C.6 Equilibration of th e system  
Inject 1 µl portion of calibration solution and repeat the injections until retention times and the icaridin to the 
internal standard peak area ration  vary by less than 0.5 % of the mean for successive injections.  
C.7 Determination  
C.7.1 Inject in dupli cate 1 µ portions  of the calibration solution (C 1 and C 2) and of the sample solution (S1, 
S2, etc.) in the following sequence: C1, S1, S2, ...C2).  
C.7.2 Determine the peak areas  and calculate the response factor (f) from the  calibration solutions  
bracketing the injections of the sample solutions.  Calculate the content of the sample solution s.  
C.8  Calculation  
C.8.1 Response factor  f is calculated as foll ows:  
 
C.8.2 Icaridin content shall be calculated  in g/kg  as follows:                     DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  13 
 
 
where:  
f mean  response  factor  
Hs peak  area of icaridin  in the calibration  solution  
Hw  peak  area of icaridin  in the sample  solution  
Ir peak  area of dimethyl phthalate in the calibration  solution  
Iq peak  area of  dimethyl phthalate in the sample  solution  
s mass  of icaridin  in the calibration  solution  (mg) 
r mass  of dimethyl phthalate in the calibration  solution  (mg) 
q mass  of dimethyl phthalate  in the sample  solution  (mg) 
w mass  of sample  taken  (mg) 
P purity  of icaridin  standard  (g/kg ) 
Repeatability  r 12 g/kg to 14 g/kg at 986 g/kg active  ingredient  content  
Reproduc ibility  R 14 g/kg at 986 g/kg active  ingredient  content  DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
14 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  D 
(normative)  
 
Determination of residue  
D.1 Procedure  
Weigh accu rately about 5 g of the material in a weighed, clean and dry squat form weighing bottle and dry to 
constant mass at 105ºC± 1ºC. Cool in desiccators and weigh.  
D.2 Calculation  
The residue, expressed as percent, shall be calculated as follows;  
=
  
where,  
M1 mass in g of the residue; and  
M2 mass in g the material taken for test  
                    DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  15 
 Annex E 
(normative)  
 
Determination of total fatty substance content  
E.1 Outline of the method  
The emulsion is broken with dilute mineral acid and the fatty matter is extra cted with petroleum ether. It is 
weighed after removal of the solvent.  
E.2 Reagents  
E.2.1 Dilute hydrochloric acid 1:1 (v/v)  
E.2.2 Petroleum  ether , B.P. 40 °C to 60 °C  
E.2.3 Methyl orange indicator solution —Dissolve 0.1 g of methyl orange in 100 mL of wate r. 
E.2.4 Sodium sulphate, desiccated  
E.3 Procedure  
E.3.1 Weigh accurately about 2 g of the material into a conical flask; add 25 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, fit 
a reflux condenser into the flask and boil the contents until the solution is perfectly cle ar. 
E.3.2 Pour the contents of the flask into a 300 ml separation funnel and allow it to cool to 20 °C and rinse 
the conical flask with 50ml of petroleum ether in portions of 10 ml.  
E.3.3 Pour the ether rinsings into the separation funnel shake the separat ion funnel well and leave until the 
layers separate.  
E.3.4 Separate out the aqueous phase and shake it out with 50mL portions of ether twice. Combine all the 
ether extracts and wash them with water until free of acid (when tested with methyl orange indicat or solution).  
E.3.5 Filter the ether extracts through a filter paper containing sodium sulphate into a conical flask which 
has been previously dried at a temperature of 60 °C± 2 °C and then weighed.  
E.3.6 Wash the sodium sulphate on the filter with ether a nd combine the washings with the filtrate. Distil off 
the ether and dry the material remaining in the flask at a temperature of 60 °C± 2 °C to constant mass.  
E.4 Calculation  
The total fatty substance , expressed as percent, shall be calculated as follows ;  
=
  
where,  
M1 is the mass, in grams, of the residue, and  DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
16 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 M2 is the mass, in grams, of the material taken for the test.                     DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  17 
 Annex F 
(normative)  
 
Determination of total pyrethrins  
F.1 General  
The active ingredients in pyrethrum extract may be determi ned using a HPLC system first by injecting a 
solution of the analyte into the chromatograph, followed by the separation and comparison of peaks areas of 
the analytes in the sample with that of an external standard containing a known amount of the analytes.  The 
peaks are eluted in the following order: Cinerin II, Pyrethrin II, Jasmolin II (total Pyrethrins II) and Cinerin I, 
Pyrethrin I, Jasmolin I (total Pyrethrins I).  
F.2 Reagents  
F.2.1 World pyrethrum standard, 50 %  
F.2.2 Acetonitrile, HPLC grade  
F.2.3 Water, HPLC grade  
F.3 Apparatus  
A liquid chromatography System equipped with an auto -sampler, a Variable Wavelength Detector (or 
equivalent) and a Column {Phenomenex, 250 x 4.6 mm Luna Phenyl -Hexyl 5 μ Reverse Phase (or equivalent) . 
F.4 Operating conditions  
F.4.1 Flow rate: 1.5 ml/min  
F.4.2 Composition: 40:60 (%, v/v water/acetonitrile)  
F.4.3 Elution: Isocratic  
F.4.4 Oven temperature: 40 ºC  
F.4.5 Wavelength: 240 nm  
F.4.6 Injection Volume: 15 μl  
F.4.7 Stop time: 22 min  
F.4.8 Post time: 1 min  
F.5 Preparation of the standard  
Weigh 20 mg of the pyrethrum standard to the nearest 0.0001 g in a 100 mL volumetric flask and dilute to 
volume with acetonitrile and label it. Transfer a small portion to a sample via l and label it accordingly.  DEAS 1119 -1: 20 22 
18 © EAC  2022  – All rights reserved  
 F.6 Sample preparation  
In a 100 ml volumetric flask, weigh 20 mg to the nearest 0.0001 g of the sample to be analyzed and dilute to 
volume with Acetonitrile. Sample this solution using a vial and label it accordingly.  
F.7 Proc edure  
After the chromatograph is stable, make a minimum of three injections for the standard solution as well as for 
the analyte and average the area counts. The relative standard deviation between injections should be within 
2 %.  
F.8 Calculation of the %  total  pyrethrins (active ingredient)  
The total p yrethrins , expressed as percent  shall be calculated as follows;  
=
  
                    DEAS 1119 -1: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  19 
 Bibliography  
[1] EAS 786:2013, Skin care creams, lotions and gels — Specification  
[2] Product Performance Test Guidelines. OPPT S 810.3700: Insect Repellents to be applied to human 
Skin 
[3] RS 191: 2019 , Refined pyrethrum concentrate — Specification  
[4] RS 392 -1: 2018, Skin applied mosquito repellents — Specification — Part 1: Lotions, creams, gels and 
ointments  
[5] US 2296 -1:2022 , Skin applied mosquito repellents - Specification - Part 1: Lotions, creams, gels and 
ointments  
 DEAS 1119 -1: 2022    
 
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved