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WT/TPR/W/ 210 
11 July 2022  
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Trade Policy Review Body    
 
*In Original language only/ En langue originale seulement /En el idioma original solamente . 
  
SWITZERLAND AND LIECHTENSTEIN  
DRAFT MINUTES  OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 18 AND 20 MAY 2022  
Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the 
Secretariat ( Mrs Daniela Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , or to  tprd@wto.org ) no later 
than 25 July 2022 . 
 
Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales  
 
SUISSE ET LIECHTENSTEIN  
PROJET DE COMPTE RENDU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 18 ET 20 MAI 2022  
Les délégations sont invitées à soumettre  leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs 
propres déclarations au Secrétariat ( Mme Daniela Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , ou 
tprd@wto.org ) le 25 juillet 2022  au plus tard.  
 
Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales  
 
SUIZA Y LIECHTENSTEIN  
PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 18 Y 20 DE MAYO DE 2022  
Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría (Sr a. Daniela Salas : 
danielamariana.salas@wto.org , o tprd@wto.org ) a más tardar el 25 de julio de 2022  las 
correcciones fácticas que deseen introducir en sus propias declaraciones.  
 
 
_______________  
 
  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
SWITZERLAND AND LIECHTENSTEIN  
DRAFT  MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez (Mexico)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  3 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE S OF SWITZERLAND AND 
LIECHTENSTEIN   ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  5 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ..............  12 
4  STATEME NTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  15 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE S OF SWITZERLAND AND LIECHTENSTEIN  AND 
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  ................................ ................................ ...............................  67 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  76 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Switzerland and Liechtenstein are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/425/Add.1 and will be 
available online at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The sixth joint Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and Liechtenstei n was held on 18 and 
20 May 2022. The Chairperson, H.E.  Mr Ángel  Villalobos  Rodríguez (Mexico) welcomed the 
delegation of Switzerland headed by H.E. Mr Markus  Schlagenhof , Ambassador and Federal Council 
Delegate for Trade Agreements of Switzerland ; the del egation of Liechtenstein headed by 
H.E. Mr Kurt Jäger, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein; and the 
discussant, H.E.  Mr Hung Seng Tan (Singapore).  
1.2.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Interprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership . 
1.3.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The report by Switzerland and Liechten stein is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 425, and 
that of the WTO Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 425. 
1.4.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: Kingdom 
of Saudi  Arabia; Brazil; Colombia; Hong  Kong, China; Canada ; Singapore; United  States; Norway; 
Chile; Israel; Australia; Thailand; China; European  Union; Costa  Rica; Japan; Philippines; Republic 
of Korea; Argentina; New  Zealand; and Mexico. The following delegations submitted written 
questions after the deadline: Russian  Federation, United  Kingdom, Malaysia, Oman, Ukraine, 
Turkey , Iceland, Uruguay, Viet  Nam, Ecuador, Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, India, and 
Indonesia . 
1.5.  The Chairperson briefly referred to some key issues for the current Review. At the time of the 
previous Review in 2017, both Switzerland and Liechtenstein were praised by Members for the 
resilience of their economies despite strong economic headwinds, and the same could be said for 
the current Review. While both economies contracted due to the COVID -19 pandemic, strong 
financial buffers and a prompt response by Governments have helped mitigate negative effects on 
long-term economic prospects. In that regard, questions raised by Members for the current Review 
referred to the impact of COVID -19-related  support measures and steps taken to boost the 
economies in the aftermath of the pandemic. The Chairperson thought it would be interesting to 
hear an update from Switzerland and Liechtenstein on their latest economic forecasts given the new 
wave of turbule nce battering the global economy.  
1.6.  For the previous Review concerns were raised related to the unique tariff regime, entirely based 
on specific duties; high domestic support and border protection afforded to the agriculture sector; 
investment restrictions i n certain services sectors; and services sectors where competition could be 
enhanced. For the current Review, several of these same issues were present in Members' advance 
questions, with questions posed about plans to increase competition, economic openne ss, and 
productivity. Members seemed keenly interested in knowing more about agricultural reforms being 
pursued or planned, including with respect to reducing trade distorting support, lowering tariffs, 
reforming the quota system, and abolishing export sub sidies.  
1.7.  Other issues were raised by Members in the context of the current Review included various 
questions related to climate change, sustainable development and energy security; latest 
developments in regional trade agreements including with respect to Switzerland's trade agreements 
with the EU; customs reforms; tariff liberalization initiatives; implementation of the Cassis de Dijon 
principle; labelling requirements; localization requirements for value -added telecommunications 
services; and legislative changes in the areas of foreign investment, competition policy, government 
procurement, intellectual property rights and financial services.  
1.8.  In total, Switzerland and Liechtenstein received 449 advance written questions from 35 
delegations for this Review,  out of which 285 were sent within the established deadline, covering a 
broad range of topics. Some of the questions arrived the morning of the first day of the meeting.  
1.9.  The questions, together with the reports prepared for this meeting, gave an excellent basis for 
a very substantial and interesting discussion on the evolution of Switzerland and Liechtenstein's 
trade policies and practices over the past five years.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  1.10.  The Chairperson closed his introductory remarks by wishing Switzerland and Liechtenstein a 
very successful sixth joint Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE S OF SWITZERLAND ( H.E. MR MARKUS 
SCHLAGENHOF ) AND LIECHTENSTEIN ( H.E. MR KURT JÄGER ) 
H.E.  MR MARKUS  SCHLAGENHOF  (SWITZERLAND)  
2.1.  We are very grateful for your introductor y remarks. We are pleased to participate in the eight 
Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and the sixth joint TPR together with Liechtenstein.  It is an 
honour to speak today before such a large audience. We are also pleased to be able to conduct this 
exerci se jointly with our friends and neighbours from Liechtenstein. Thank you for taking the time 
to participate in this process that is dear to us.  
2.2.  Our special thanks go to H.E. Ambassador  Hung Seng Tan, Singapore's Permanent 
Representative to the WTO, who has  kindly accepted the role of discussant in this exercise. 
Ambassador  Tan, we are looking forward to your insightful remarks.  
2.3.  Allow me to note the excellence of the WTO Secretariat's report, which presents the economic 
and trade policy of Switzerland in a clear and comprehensive manner. The Secretariat has shown 
exemplary professionalism throughout the whole drafting process of this report. The exchanges 
between Swiss officials and our colleagues in the Trade Polic ies Review Division were c onstructive 
and enriching. We express our gratitude to the Secretariat.  
2.4.  Switzerland appreciates the trade policy review mechanism as an indispensable pillar of the 
WTO. From the outset, the reviews have fostered a better understanding of Members' trade policies 
and practices. By enhancing transparency, the reviews contribute to building trust amongst 
Members. In this way, th e exercise is not only beneficial to the Member under review, but for the 
Organization as a whole. From this perspective, Switzerland welcomes the seven th appraisal of the 
trade policy review mechanism that should be initiated after MC12.  
2.5.  For this exercise , not counting the many sub -questions, we received around 350 questions 
from 31  Members. We are thankful to the Members that sent their questions in due course. We have 
endeavoured to answer all questions according to the schedule. For those that were rece ived after 
the official deadline, we will provide our answers in due course. We will try to clarify on Friday the 
additional points that may be raised today.  
2.6.  As has been mentioned by the Chair, we have received many questions, even some of them 
this mornin g. We are very thankful to those Members that sent that question in time, we have 
endeavoured to answer all questions according to the schedule and for those coming in later we will 
do so at a later stage.  For those that were received after that deadline, we will provide our answers 
within the time frame of  30 days, we will try to clarify on Friday, the additional points that may be 
raised today  
Trade Policy and strengthening competitiveness  
2.7.  Since the last Trade Policy Review in 2017, the Swiss economy has continued to perform well, 
in spite of adverse circumstances. Since 2020, the international economic environment has been 
characterized by a severe global economic and health cris is, triggered by the emergence of the 
COVID -19 pandemic. This has been follow ed by a strong economic recovery, albeit one that has 
been uneven across countries. At the end of 2021, a new wave of COVID -19 combined with global 
bottlenecks in the supply of raw materials and intermediate goods and a sharp increase in inflation 
created a challenging environment. The military aggression by the Russia n Federation  against 
Ukraine, which Switzerland condemns in the strongest possible way, has numerous consequences, 
affecting also world trade in general and the functioning of the WTO.  
2.8.  The Swi ss economy and foreign trade proved to be relatively resilient by international standards 
during the COVID -19 crisis. This strong performance is due to a number of factors, such as: a 
diversified economic structure, a high degree of international openness,  a high -quality education 
system with vocational training as a key elements, a flexible labour market, a moderate fiscal policy, 
sound public finances, well -established cooperation between social partners, and political stability.  
2.9.  Switzerland is an open e conomy. In 2020 and 2021, 82% of our imports were duty -free. In 
2020, the average tariff rate applied to industrial goods was just 1.3%. That same year, Switzerland WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  was the 12th largest exporter and importer of goods. When it comes to trade in services, th at ranking 
rose to seven . With trade accounting for around 60% of its GDP, Switzerland is one of the most 
integrated countries in the world economy. Switzerland 's prosperity is based on the international 
competitiveness of its enterprises, their ability to  innovate and their specialization in the production 
of high value -added goods and services.  
2.10.  The Federal Council is expected to adopt the report on the future agricultural policy in 
mid-June 2022. Goals of the current agricultural policy framework such as enhanced 
competitiveness, ensuring food security and providing positive externalities, will remain central in 
the new framework. Given the geographical constraints characterizing the agrarian sector and taking 
into account the opinion of the civil society,  border protection measures and domestic support remain 
important elements of our agricultural policy. Furthermore, a recently adopted constitutional article 
underlines the importance of trade relations, which not only provide the basis for the food securi ty 
of Switzerland, but also contribute to sustainable development.  
2.11.  In order to maintain its prosperity, ensure the long -term recovery of the economy and 
increase sustainable growth, Switzerland pursues a trade policy that is part of a broader, long -term 
approach inherent to our growth policy and our new foreign economic policy strategy. Increasing 
labour productivity and strengthening competitiveness and innovation in the domestic market are 
at the heart of this policy.  
2.12.  To achieve these objectives, our trad e policy aims to promote and secure open markets while 
contributing to sustainable development. We work towards liberalizing international trade and 
investment. In doing so, we pay close attention to sustainability and the coherence between the 
different r elevant international policies.  
2.13.  In parallel to enhancing market access, facilitating imports by removing trade barriers is 
increasingly important for our stakeholders. With the increased interconnectedness of the global 
economy, goods - most of which are i ntermediate products - cross borders more often than ever 
before. Tariff and non -tariff barriers therefore accumulate more frequently and generate additional 
trade costs that reduce the international competitiveness of domestic producers.  
2.14.  Import facilitati on lowers trade costs and increases competition in the domestic market. 
Ultimately, it benefits consumers as well as exporting firms purchasing intermediate goods. The 
latter can optimize their production processes and better integrate into global value ch ains.  
2.15.  For Switzerland, import facilitation translates into lower tariffs and simplified and shorter 
customs procedures. Thus, Switzerland will remove applied tariffs on industrial products as of 
1 January  2024. The removal of tariffs will benefit the whol e Swiss economy by making trade 
relations more efficient and by strengthening competition.  
2.16.  In addition, on 1  January  2018, Switzerland embarked on the DaziT programme: a large -scale 
programme to transform its customs procedures. In order to facilitate trad e and ease the burden on 
the economy, the DaziT programme provides for the systematic simplification and full digitalization 
of all customs procedures by the end of 2026. Indeed, discussions with neighbouring countries' 
customs administrations are under wa y to simplify and speed up border crossings.  
Multilateral Trading System  
2.17.  For Switzerland's economy, a strong, transparent, inclusive and predictable rules -based 
multilateral trading system remains central. We are fully committed to maintaining and improvin g 
the system and the functioning of the WTO that guarantees open markets and inclusive solutions. 
Accordingly, Switzerland supports the necessary reform of the WTO in order to address relevant 
developments in the global economy and the needs of business an d society. Our efforts are 
consistent with all our international commitments, in particular the United Nations 2030  Agenda.  
2.18.  The WTO reform should enhance all the Organization's three functions: negotiations, dispute 
settlement and monitoring. As regards th e negotiating function, the WTO must demonstrate its 
ability to conclude agreements that respond to current challenges, such as the digitalization of the 
economy and environmental sustainability.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  2.19.  Multilateral solutions continue to be the best way to avoid  discrimination between countries 
and regions. Where agreement among all WTO Members is not achievable, open plurilateral 
initiatives are a valuable alternative, since they can ultimately support and contribute to the 
multilateral trading system. The good work on the joint statement initiatives must continue. The aim 
is to improve c onditions for e -commerce, investment facilitation for development, MSMEs, trade and 
environmental sustainability, and trade and gender. All these topics are relevant to the 
modernization of the WTO.  
2.20.  The restoration of a functioning dispute settlement syst em is a top priority. All Members must 
engage in constructive dialogue to find concrete solutions.  
2.21.  Switzerland attaches great importance to the WTO's regular work, in particular the monitoring 
of developments in the trading environment and of the respect of WTO rules. However, the proper 
conduct of the WTO's regular work depends crucially on transparency in trade policies and practices. 
It is therefore essential that Members, including Switzerland, rigorously observe their notification 
obligations.  
2.22.  Switzer land's engagement in the WTO includes an active role in a range of groups of Members 
sharing common interests, such as the G10 in agriculture, the Friends of the System and the Ottawa 
Group. During the period under review, Switzerland continued to host a y early informal WTO 
ministerial gathering traditionally on the fringes of the World Economic Forum in Davos.  
Preferential Trade  
2.23.  The conclusion of preferential trade agreements is complementary to Switzerland's WTO 
commitments. In our view, this policy strea m strengthens the multilateral trading system. In fact, 
free trade agreements contribute to the global opening of markets and allow to develop and test 
new rules and solutions to trade issues. We hope that in the long run these bilateral and regional 
liberalization efforts can gradually be consolidated and multilateralized in the WTO.  
2.24.  Switzerland's network of free trade agreements is a central instrument of its foreign economic 
policy. Among our preferential partners, the European Union continues to be Swit zerland's most 
important economic partner by far. In 2020, 48% of our merchandise exports went to the EU, and 
66% of our imports came from the EU. During the period under review, Switzerland and the EU 
continued to conduct negotiations on an institutional agreement. On 26  May 2021, due to substantial 
differences between the parties on key aspects, the Federal Council decided not to sign this 
agreement. However, safeguarding and developing well -established bilateral cooperation with the 
EU remains a priority  for the Government.  
2.25.  Of course, the EU is not Switzerland's only free trade partner. Deepening and extending 
Switzerland's preferential trade relations beyond the EU and the European Free Trade Association 
(EFTA) remain major objectives of the Swiss Govern ment.  
2.26.  During the period under review, new free trade agreements together with our EFTA partners 
were concluded with Ecuador and Indonesia. It is worth mentioning that our FTA with Indonesia got 
the backing from the Swiss population in a public vote. An agr eement in principle was reached with 
the MERCOSUR States and the existing agreement with Turkey  was modernized. Switzerland also 
concluded a bilateral agreement with the United  Kingdom in order to roll over existing rights and 
obligations as a former membe r of the EU. Switzerland currently has 33  FTAs with 43  partner 
countries and territories outside the EU and EFTA. Together with its EFTA partners, Switzerland is 
currently pursuing negotiations with India, Malaysia, the Republic of Moldova and Viet  Nam and  is 
about to start negotiations with Thailand and Kosovo.  
Trade and Development  
2.27.  Supporting the integration of developing countries into the global economy, a pillar of Swiss 
foreign policy, remains an objective of Switzerland's new foreign economic strategy. In that context, 
trade promotion is a key objective of Switzerland's development cooperation for the period 
2021-2024, as it has been in previous periods. We wish to emphasize that international trade is a 
key part of the solution to accelerate r ecovery from the COVID -19 crisis, especially for developing 
countries.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  2.28.  During the review period, Switzerland continued its commitment to the Enhanced Integrated 
Framework, which aims at promoting the integration of the least developed countries (LDCs) into  
world trade.  
2.29.  At the same time, Switzerland's trade promotion work focused on strengthening export 
capabilities of MSMEs in designated partner countries and on facilitating imports from target 
markets. Several initiatives aiming to improve institutional ca pacity to participate in international 
trade and value chains have been carried out in this framework. Similarly, climate change mitigation 
and adaptation as well as gender equality are important cross -cutting objectives.  
Trade and Sustainability  
2.30.  In Switze rland's view, trade must contribute to achieving the goals of sustainable 
development, as reflected in the United Nations 2030  Agenda, and the challenge of climate change 
in particular. In the WTO and other international organizations, Switzerland therefor e actively 
advocates policies and rules that promote sustainable development and coherence between trade 
rules and relevant environmental, labour and social commitments and standards.  
2.31.  Within the WTO, besides its active participation in the Committee on Tra de and Environment, 
in November  2020 Switzerland joined two  initiatives that complement multilateral efforts: the trade 
and environmental sustainability structured discussions (TESSD) and the informal dialogue on 
plastics pollution (IDP). Switzerland also participates actively in the negotiations on ACCTS the 
Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability.  
2.32.  During the review period, all FTAs concluded by Switzerland and its EFTA partners include a 
legally binding chapter on trade and sustainable deve lopment. The EFTA States also seek to include 
such a chapter when reviewing previously concluded FTAs. Dialogue is taking place with a number 
of partner countries on the implementation of the related commitments. In October  2017, 
Switzerland ratified the P aris Agreement on Climate Change, which promotes, inter alia, the phasing 
out of fossil fuel subsidies. As such, Switzerland supports fossil fuel subsidy reform.  
2.33.  In January  2020, the Government adopted a revised Plan on Corporate Social and 
Environmental R esponsibility and a revised National Action Plan on the Implementation of the 
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. These plans aim to increase coherence 
between Switzerland's economic policy and the country's obligations to promote responsib le 
business conduct and human rights.  
Next steps  
2.34.  Switzerland will continue to engage in favour of sustainable development and to strengthen 
a strong, transparent, inclusive and predictable rules -based multilateral trading system.  
2.35.  We the WTO is currently g oing through a difficult period. There are many uncertainties 
regarding the outcome of the ongoing work. These circumstances should not discourage us. In no 
more than four weeks, we, WTO Members, will have the opportunity to demonstrate the relevance 
and the credibility of this Organization.  
2.36.  At MC12, we will have the chance to step up international cooperation and bring responses to 
the challenges we face since a couple of years. While pragmatism and realism should prevail to run 
the last kilometre until m id-June there are a number of areas where we can collectively deliver 
meaningful results. It is high time for the WTO to provide a comprehensive and balanced response 
to the COVID -19 pandemic. This means that we need to address the actual challenges in a h olistic 
and calibrated way.  
2.37.  While many parts of the world are still struggling with the impact of COVID -19, another crisis 
is emerging – a crisis that puts millions of people in danger of hunger and malnutrition. We the WTO 
Members have a collective respo nsibility to respond to this crisis now, at MC12. A decision to exempt 
World Food Programme purchases from export restrictions is an obvious and unavoidable step to 
contribute to food security.  
2.38.  The conclusion of the negotiations on fisheries subsidies rema ins a priority as a fundamental 
sustainable development goal. Another potential for results lies in the area of electronic commerce. WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  Switzerland calls for the extension of both the Work Programme and the moratorium on customs 
duties until MC13. We therefor e call on all Members to join the draft ministerial decision in this sense.  
2.39.  Convening Ministers for MC12 is also an opportunity for showing renewed commitment to the 
multilateral trading system addressing important systemic issues, including WTO reform an d dispute 
settlement. Switzerland believes that reform is necessary and urgent. We are therefore ready to 
start work without delay and to do so in an open -minded manner.  
2.40.  Furthermore, the conference is also an opportunity to refer to major challenges of our  time, 
including environmental challenges, and to take stock of the concrete progress made within the 
initiatives emanating from joint statements. This will send a positive signal to the various WTO 
stakeholders.  
2.41.  To conclude, I would like to join my collea gue from Liechtenstein in contributing to a frank 
and open dialogue on this joint Trade Policy Review between our two countries. This frankness and 
openness is necessary to address complex issues to which we must find common answers in the 
interest of the multilateral system.  
H.E.  MR KURT  JÄGER  (LIECHTENSTEIN)  
2.42.  Let me start by thanking you, Ambassador Villalobos, as well as Ambassador Schlagenhof for 
your introductory statements. We are pleased to participate in this Trade Policy Review together 
with Switzerland. I would like to use this opportunity to thank our Swiss colleagues in particular for 
their valuable support and excellent cooperation throughout the whole TPR process.  
2.43.  My thanks also go to His Excellency Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng of Singapore, who has 
accepted to act as discussant for this joint review. Last but not least, I also wish to thank the WTO 
Secretariat for the good cooperation and the excellent Report it has produced. It has succeeded in 
describing the particularities of Liechtenstein  in a precise and comprehensive manner.  
2.44.  In principle, I would not have much to add to the Secretariat 's Report, complemented by our 
policy statement. Nevertheless, I would like to highlight and add some information.  
2.45.  Liechtenstein is fully committed to the multilateral trading system, to strengthen its rules, 
and to further liberalize trade. A strong, rules -based system provides stability, security, 
transparency, and predictability for economic operators. Liechtenstein depends heavily on 
international trade and open markets. We are convinced that a strong and fair multilateral trading 
system is of benefit to all WTO Members, irrespective of their size or levels of development.  
2.46.  At this point also I would like to reiterate t hat Liechtenstein  strongly condemns  the illegal 
invasion to  Ukraine by the Russia n Federation , which amounts to a flagrant violation of international 
law and is a serious threat to the multilateral trading system and the international rules -based orde r. 
2.47.  Liechtenstein is a very small country that participates in two  internal markets, in the 
European  Union 's Single Market through the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA) and 
in the Swiss internal market on the basis of the Customs and the Currency Treaty with Switzerland. 
Next year we w ill celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Customs Treaty. By virtue of the Customs 
Treaty, trade policy measures affecting imports and exports formulated by Switzerland as well as 
goods trade agreements concluded by Switzerland also apply to Liechtenstein . Imports and exports 
into and from Liechtenstein are thus subject to the Swiss goods trade regime. Liechtenstein acts 
independently on other issues, however, such as services and public procurement.  
2.48.  For its accession to the EEA agreement in 1995, Liechte nstein had to establish a specific 
market control and surveillance mechanism as a consequence of taking part in two  integrated 
markets. This mechanism allows for the principle of dual or parallel marketability of goods. It implies 
that goods from outside o f Liechtenstein are certified according to the respective market to which 
they are exported, either the EEA or Switzerland. Therefore, goods which are covered by Swiss 
import rules and allowed to enter the Swiss market can also freely circulate in Liechten stein, even if 
they do not, at the same time, also satisfy EU rules, but in such instances they may not enter the 
EU's internal market. On the other hand, goods which are covered by the EU 's import rules and WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  allowed to enter the EU can also be brought to m arket in Liechtenstein provided they do not enter 
the Swiss market, unless they also satisfy Swiss rules.  
2.49.  The EEA agreement does not include the EU common agricultural policy, and the EEA 
agreement Annex  I on veterinary issues therefore does not apply to Liechtenstein. Hence trade in 
agricultural goods is governed by the customs union with Switzerland, also in relation  to the EEA.  
2.50.  In the last 30  years the resident population of Liechtenstein has grown from about 30 ,000 to 
nearly 40 ,000 persons at the end of last year, an increase by a third. Over the same period, the 
number of persons employed in Liechtenstein doubled from slightly over 20 ,000 to more than 
41,000. Employment has tended to increase even during the global financial crisis, the euro debt 
crisis as well as during the C OVID -19 pandemic, and it was almost unaffected by the sharp GDP 
drops in certain years. Th is is less due to the labour force participation of the resident population, 
but rather primarily due to the sharp increase in cross -border commuters to Liechtenstein. At the 
end of 2020, more than 22 ,000 persons commuted to Liechtenstein on a daily basis,  constituting a 
share of 55.8 % of the total labour force. 70.6 % of the entire labour force, resident and communiting, 
were non -Liechtenstein nationals.  
2.51.  Liechtenstein is highly dependent on external relations. Virtually all raw materials and input 
parts in manufacturing and products have to be bought abroad, and almost all goods produced are 
exported. The broad diversification of businesses and products, and the specialization of enterprises 
on niche and other high -technology products have helped Li echtenstein to match international 
economic developments and cope with competition in international trade.  
2.52.  In contrast to most developed countries, no strong "tertiarization " has been observed in 
Liechtenstein so far: Although the share of employment in t he industrial and manufacturing sector 
tends to decline, there was still a high annual average of 36 % of this sector in 2020. In absolute 
terms, employment in the industrial sector rose from about 12 ,000 in 2001 to almost 15 ,000 by the 
end of 2020. The inc rease was not as steep as in the services sector, though.  
2.53.  Liechtenstein companies create jobs not only in Liechtenstein, but also in significant numbers 
abroad. The number of employees working abroad for industrial companies which are members of 
the Liech tenstein Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) increased strongly in recent years to 
58,200 in 2019. This corresponds to a foreign share of 80 % of the total workforce of these 
companies. In the same year, the Liechtenstein banks had, in terms of full -time equivalents, 
approximately 4 ,000 employees working abroad (compared to 2 ,129 in Liechtenstein).  
2.54.  Liechtenstein 's national economy is heavily shaped by small and medium -sized enterprises, 
and their number increased even during the C OVID -19 pandemic: At th e end of 2020, Liechtenstein 
had 5 ,179 enterprises, a number that had increased by 2.6 % compared to the end of 2019. 
About  89% of those enterprises in Liechtenstein had fewer than te n employees, and 98 % had fewer 
than 50. The number of companies in Liechte nstein is very large compared to the country 's 
population: There is about one company for every eight  inhabitants. The number of economically 
active enterprises in Liechtenstein has nearly doubled in the last two  decades  
2.55.  Structural characteristics of Liechtenstein 's economy have crucially contributed to its strength 
during the C OVID -19 pandemic. Liechtenstein 's resilience to global macroeconomic shocks, as 
observed over the last decades, results from important structural specifics of  the economy. 
Liechtenstein 's industrial and manufacturing sector is remarkably innovative, also in light of 
extremely large private spending on research and development, and includes highly successful niche 
players in global markets. Given the small domes tic market, companies are used to competing with 
global market leaders and have to remain flexible to adjust to new structural circumstances, also to 
keep step with the strong appreciation of the Swiss franc. Moreover, high equity ratios among 
non-financia l corporations as well as zero debt and high financial reserves in the public sector 
contribute to a high level of resilience of the economy.  
2.56.  Indeed, sound public finances have become an important structural characteristic of 
Liechtenstein's economy. Foll owing the financial crisis of 2008, the government enacted structural 
reforms which significantly lowered public spending, with the public spending ratio standing at 20.9 % 
of GDP in 2019, the lowest level among all European countries.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  2.57.  Last but not least, the highly specialized economy benefits from its strong integration in the 
Swiss economic area, the European Single Market and the global value chains through a high number 
of free trade agreements as well as Liechtenstein 's WTO Membership.  
2.58.  For decades, L iechtenstein has been adopting a liberal economic policy relying on 
self-dependent economic actors and confining state interventions to the establishment of framework 
conditions which are favourable to entrepreneurship. At the same time Liechtenstein has 
continuously incorporated newly adopted European "Acquis Communautaire " into domestic law: 
More than 11 ,300 EEA -relevant legal acts of the European  Union are now applicable in Liechtenstein.  
2.59.  The level of State intervention in economic processes has also be en kept low for most of the 
reporting period. However, in order to mitigate the economic consequences of business closures and 
other health -related counter -measures ordered by the authorities to address the impact of the 
COVID -19 pandemic, Government and P arliament as well as local authorities adopted a number of 
temporary support measures, including in particular a comprehensive fiscal support package. The 
support measures included interest -free transitional loans for MSMEs, a provisional deferral of the 
payment of social insurance contributions and taxes, financial support for self -employed persons 
affected directly or indirectly by administrative lockdown measures, and the granting of short -time 
work allowances. The short -time work allowances, in particul ar, helped avoid temporary layoffs and 
keep the unemployment rate low.  
2.60.  The fast development of new technologies, such as blockchain and digital ledger technology, 
that continued during the review period led the Liechtenstein Government to elaborate a 
Blockchain  Act in close cooperation with the private sector. There had been widespread legal 
uncertainty regarding business models on blockchain systems which were not covered by financial 
market legislation but nonetheless involved carrying out activities tha t are very close to the financial 
sector. With the Blockchain Act, Liechtenstein now defines the minimum requirements for these 
activities in blockchain systems and requires all of them to be registered with the Financial Market 
Authority. The new law also  contains a legal classification of elements on blockchain systems. The 
Blockchain Act defines the term "token" as a new construct to enable the transformation of the "real" 
world to blockchain systems while ensuring legal certainty and thereby opening up the full potential 
for application of the so -called token economy.  
2.61.  We have received a number of written questions on this new act in advance and are pleased 
to have an exchange on this and all other issues of interest to delegates. The Trade Policy Review  
mechanism continues to provide an excellent opportunity for such dialogue on Members' trade 
policies. We are looking forward to our dialogue today.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the Swiss and Liechtenstein delegations 
led by Ambassadors Markus  Schlagenho f and Kurt  Jäger  respectively. Singapore shares many 
similarities with Switzerland and Liechtenstein – we are all small, trade -dependent countries with 
outward facing trade policies. Hence, I am pleased to act as the discussant for the sixth joint Trade 
Policy Review of S witzerland and Liechtenstein.  
3.2.  In preparation for today 's review, I have found the detailed reports prepared by Switzerland, 
Liechtenstein and the Secretariat to be insightful and invaluable in helping me to gain a deeper 
understanding your respective trad e policies. I must also thank Ambassadors Schlagenhof and Jäger 
for providing comprehensive overviews of the trade and economic policies of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein during the period under review.  
3.3.  I would like to structure my comments around three  broad questions, which I hope will help to 
facilitate our discussion by providing a connection between the last TPR in 2017 and today 's TPR.  
3.4.  First, how has Switzerland and Liechtenstein performed since the last TPR in 2017? During the 
review period, the COVI D-19 pandemic was the pre -eminent economic challenge that gripped the 
world. Every WTO Member, bar none, have continued to grapple with the challenges and disruptions 
caused by the pandemic. Naturally, Switzerland and Liechtenstein were no exception. Prior  to the 
pandemic, both Members enjoyed positive real GDP growth, ranging from 1.2% in 2019 to 2.9% in 
2018 in Switzerland, and 6.7% in 2019 to 6.8% in 2018 in Liechtenstein. Due to the impact of the 
pandemic, Switzerland 's GDP fell by 2.4% in 2020; while L iechtenstein 's GDP declined even more 
by 5.5%.  
3.5.  Against the challenging backdrop, I must commend both Switzerland and Liechtenstein for 
their resilience and for turning adversity into opportunities. It is evident that both Governments had 
adopted swift and  nimble policies that have allowed them to weather the economic impact of the 
pandemic. For example, the OECD 's latest economic survey of Switzerland praised its good economic 
framework, internationally competitive industries and relatively low economic de pendence on the 
tourism and entertainment sectors as factors that have enabled Switzerland to weather the adverse 
impact of the pandemic. Since the relaxation of pandemic -related health measures in the summer 
of 2021, Switzerland has experienced strong rec overy in economic activity in the second and 
third quarters, driven mainly by private consumption and recovery of the service sector.  
3.6.  In particular, the Swiss Government has swiftly re -calibrated its measures in response to the 
Omicron wave, which has allo wed it to strike the fine balance between maintaining economic growth 
and managing public health. As a result, the OECD has estimated that Switzerland 's GDP would 
rebound to 3% in 2022. In Liechtenstein, the value and volume of direct good exports have 
recovered quickly, having increased by close to 40% in 2021 compared to the preceding year. The 
labour market has also remained resilient despite the initial sharp decline of external demand during 
the initial waves of the pandemic, with unemployment rate fal ling to 1.5% from 1.9% in 2021.  
3.7.  More importantly, both Governments have made use of the crisis to plant the seeds for future 
growth. The Swiss Federal Council 's updated foreign policy economy strategy of November  2021 has 
identified nine priority areas in cluding nurturing SMEs, promoting digitali zation, diversification, 
economic and social sustainability, as well as actively shaping multilateralism, as key drivers for the 
next stage of growth. With clear vision and sound economic management policies, Switz erland has 
been consistently ranked first in the Global Competitiveness Index compiled by the World Economic 
Forum (WEF), the Global Innovation Index (GII) by the World Intellectual Property Organi zation 
(WIPO) and UNCTAD 's Business -to-Consumer E -Commerce Index.  
3.8.  In a similar vein, the Liechtenstein Government has introduced the innovative "Token and 
Trusted Technology Service Provider Act " or simply known as the Blockchain Act, which makes it the 
first country to introduce a comprehensive package of rules to regulate the token economy and 
provide greater legal predictability for businesses. These include comprehensive measures in 
different areas such as supervision of service providers, anti -money laundering and client protection.   
3.9.  Second, how has Switzerl and and Liechtenstein responded to issues raised at the 2017  TPR? 
During the last TPR, Members had raised several issues for the attention of Switzerland and WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  Liechtenstein. Many of them were in relation to longstanding aspects of their trade and investment  
regimes including (a)  the number of exceptions to the Cassis  de Djion principle; (b)  further 
liberalization in investment in sectors such as in ethanol; and the (c)  high-level of protection in 
agriculture markets, among others. Overall, Switzerland and Li echtenstein have provided 
substantive responses to the questions posed by Members. As these are important issues, let me 
briefly address each of them.  
3.10.  One, some Members highlighted in 2017 that the numerous exceptions in the Cassis  de Dijon 
principle may u ndermine its effectiveness. Members noted that while the intention of the principle 
was to remove technical barriers to imports from the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) into 
Switzerland, some of these products were still subjected to specific requireme nts and approvals. 
While certain products have been removed from the list, new ones have been added. Nonetheless, 
the Swiss Government has always emphasi zed that the objective of such review exercises was to 
remove unnecessary technical regulations. Except ions under this principle are also reviewed for 
proportionality every five years, with the second such review taking place currently.  
3.11.  Two, some Members called for further investment liberali zation in some sectors such as 
ethanol, which were under monopoly  or controlled by government -owned corporations in both 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein. In 2019, both Switzerland and Liechtenstein took the decisive and 
positive step of ending years of monopoly by company Alcosuisse and notified the WTO Working 
Party on S tate Trading Enterprises that the private sector would be allowed to import ethanol and 
spirits without restriction and without the requirement for any permit.  
3.12.  Three, other Members highlighted the high -level of protection of the agriculture markets. 
Member s noted that there was a vast difference of nearly 30% between average MFN  tariffs on 
agriculture products and non -agriculture products in 2016. Members asked the respective 
Governments to consider the elimination of agriculture export subsidies and the si mplification of the 
tariff quota management system. In 2017, the Swiss Government adopted a new article in the 
Federal Constitution that called for a long -term plan to guarantee sufficient food supplies for the 
Swiss population. A complex and comprehensive  set of trade instruments, including domestic 
support and border measures, continue to be implemented with the view to ensure the viability of 
Swiss agriculture. Nonetheless, during the period under review, Switzerland has demonstrated its 
commitment by el iminating export subsidies on agricultural products such as milk and grains, in 
accordance with the decision adopted at MC10.  
3.13.  Let us now move on to my last question – what are the key issues that have been highlighted 
at this year's TPR? On the basis of t he more than 449  questions that have been received from 
31 Members, it is clear that Members continue to be interested in largely similar issues. Nonetheless, 
given the global upheavals since the last Review, it is inevitable that many questions have been 
raised about how Switzerland and Liechtenstein have responded to the COVID -19 pandemic as well 
as the future direction of their economies. Essentially, three broad areas can be identified based on 
the questions that Members have raised.   
3.14.  One, given the current spotlight on food security, it is unsurprising that many Members have 
continued to seek more information about Switzerland 's and Liechtenstein 's agriculture policies, 
particularly, with regard to their plans to undertake reform in areas such as dom estic support, tariff 
liberali zation and abolition of export subsidies. In particular, some Members have raised questions 
concerning Switzerland 's support measures for its agriculture sector during COVID -19, and whether 
there are plans to stop these measures. As all Members will be well aware, the issue of agriculture 
reform is one of the central themes for the upcoming MC12, and I am certain that the responses 
from Switzerland and Liechtenstein will be cl osely scrutinised by Members.   
3.15.  Two, Members are interested in the trade and investment regimes of both Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein. Members have sought more information on issues related to policies regarding the 
Cassis de Dijon principle, foreign direc t investment (FDI) and the business environment, draft law 
on foreign investments and FDI barriers, as well as Liechtenstein 's experience in the implementation, 
consumer protection and implications of their Blockchain Act. In particular, Members have 
encou raged Switzerland to dismantle the remaining exceptions under the Cassis  de Dijon principle 
and to ensure that its implementation do not result in higher prices for imports such as medical 
products or foodstuff. Questions have also been raised on whether t here were future plans for 
Switzerland to further align its legislation on anti -money laundering with international standards as WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  recommended by the G7 's Financial Action Task Force (FATF), as well as participation by foreign 
companies in Switzerland 's publ ic procurement contracts.  
3.16.  Three, Members are also interested in finding out more about the future priorities of both 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Apart from questions over their post -pandemic economic policies, 
there are also questions related to 21st century issues such as (a)  the role of SMEs in climate change 
and sustainable development ; (b) participation of women in the economy ; (c) development of 
digitali zation strategies ; as well as (d)how they plan to deal with anticipated supply chain 
disruptions . For example , Members have requested Switzerland to share more information on their 
enforcement measures in the digital environment, such as how the "notice and take -down 
procedure " has been implemented . 
3.17.  In conclusion, the short answers to the three quest ions that I have posed can be summarised 
as follows:  
• first, Switzerland and Liechtenstein have performed very well since the last Joint TPR in 
2017, especially against the backdrop of the economic challenges arising from the COVID -19 
pandemic;  
• second, bot h Switzerland and Liechtenstein have taken concrete steps to respond to many 
key issues that Members raised in 2017; and  
• third, Members continue to be interested in the following areas, namely, (a)  agriculture 
policies; (b)  trade and investment regimes; an d (c) future priorities, while also seeking more 
information on how Switzerland and Liechtenstein will handle post -pandemic economic 
recovery.  
3.18.  Before closing, I must  commend Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their multi -faceted 
contributions to the WTO an d rules -based multilateral trading system. Not only is Geneva the host 
city of the WTO Secretariat, many generations of Swiss and Liechtenstein diplomats have contributed 
to upholding, strengthening , and updating the multilateral trading system, including my good friend 
and incumbent General Council Chair, Ambassador Didier  Chambovey.  
3.19.  I wish Switzerland and Liechtenstein every success in their sixth joint T rade Policy Review .  
  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
THE KINGDOM  OF SAUDI  ARABIA  ON BEHALF  OF THE GCC 
4.1.  On beha lf of the Gulf Cooperation Council, (GCC) I would like to extend a very warm welcome 
to the delegation of Switzerland headed by H.E.  Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, Ambassador and Federal 
Council Delegate for Trade Agreements of Switzerland and to the delegation of  Liechtenstein headed 
by H.E.  Mr Kurt Jäger, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein to the WTO in 
Geneva. We appreciate the active role of H.E.  Ambassador Didier  Chambovey and his team in WTO 
work and pay tribute for his able leadership a s the Chair of the General Council.  
4.2.   The GCC member States wish to thank the Government of Switzerland and Liechtenstein and 
the Trade Policies Review Division of the WTO for their comprehensive reports. We also thank the 
discussant H.E. Mr Hung Seng Tan, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Singapore to the 
WTO for his insightful remarks.  
4.3.   The Trade Policy Review Reports highlight that real GDP growth fell by 2.4% in 2020 in 
Switzerland, and further in Liechtenstein. Due to the  strong financial buffers and a prompt response 
by both Governments, the pandemic is not expected to have negative effects on long -term economic 
prospects.  
4.4.   We would like to commend both Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their openness to 
investment. With a positive overall investment climate. Switzerland 's 26 cantons and largest 
municipalities have significant independence to shape investment policies locally, including 
incentives to attract investment. Liechtenstein 's investment conditions are identical i n most key 
aspects to those in Switzerland, due to its integration into the Swiss economy.  
4.5.   We congratulate both countries for launching strategies to digitally transform government 
services and render them more efficient and cost -effective. We also welco me the new reforms 
implemented by both Governments to comply with international standards on corporate income tax.  
4.6.   In order to respond to emergency situations, Switzerland and Liechtenstein granted reductions 
in temporary tariff granted on certain feed it ems and medical goods as well as textiles and 
intermediate materials.  
4.7.   Switzerland is to be commended for having mature and sophisticated financial services sector, 
for being one of the world's most innovative economies and a net exporter of intellectual property, 
and for its Energy 2050 Strategy to progressively phase out nuclear energy and to promote energy 
efficiency and the production of renewable energy.  
4.8.   We also congratulate Liechtenstein for adopting some measures to increase energy efficiency 
and increase use of renewable energy as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions and for becoming 
the first country to adopt comprehensive legislation on trustworthy technology service providers in 
2019.  
4.9.  The GCC member States commend both Governments for their a mbitious reforms and for their 
active engagement to reinforce their economic integration through preferential trade agreements 
with their major trading partners. The GCC -EFTA Free Trade Agreement is a milestone agreement 
in strengthening ties between Switz erland and Liechtenstein and the GCC member States.  
4.10.  Before I conclude, I would like to say a few words on behalf of the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia . 
Saudi  Arabia  enjoys friendly and substantive relationship with Switzerland and Liechtenstein. The 
Swiss Busine ss Hub Middle East supports SMEs from Switzerland and Liechtenstein in their business 
development in the Middle  East and provides Middle  Eastern companies with information on 
Switzerland as a business location. Saudi -Swiss Business Council were established  to enhance trade 
and investment relations between the two business sectors and investment opportunities available 
in both countries.  
4.11.  From bilateral front, trade exchange between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Switzerland 
reached about SAR 8 billion in 2 020. Switzerland and Saudi  Arabia are jointly striving to improve WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  their trade and investment relations in pharmaceuticals, finance, sustainable technologies, 
Education, Research and Innovation.  
4.12.  In closing, The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia looks forward to conti nuing the very close working 
relationship with Switzerland and Liechtenstein.  I wish the delegation of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
BRAZIL  
4.13.  Let me welcome the delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein on the occasion of their 
sixth joint Trade Policy Review. I thank both the Governments and the WTO Secretariat for their 
reports, as well as the discussant, Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan, for his introductory remarks.  
4.14.  Switzerland and Liechtenstein stand out as examples of WTO Members whose development 
was largely base d on their integration into the world economy through trade and investment. Both 
have contributed to strengthen the WTO and the multilateral trading system.  
4.15.  Switzerland not only houses this Organization but, through its international credibility and 
leade rship, plays an important role in the process of consensus -building which is – or at least should 
be – predicated on the accommodation of national interests for the sake of preserving and advancing 
the rules -based multilateral system. In that context, we w ould like to express our appreciation for 
Ambassador Didier  Chambovey 's work as Chair of the General Council, in particular at the present 
juncture.  
4.16.  Since their last TPR, Switzerland and Liechtenstein have faced – like virtually every WTO 
Member – challeng es posed by the COVID -19 pandemic. Even though extraordinary circumstances 
have required specific governmental responses, inter alia interventions in the foreign exchange 
market, we note with satisfaction that both countries ' staunch support for an open and non -
discriminatory multilateral trading system has not dwindled.  
4.17.  Bilateral relations with Switzerland and Liechtenstein have alwa ys been close and 
constructive.  Brazil and Switzerland established in 2007 a Commission on Trade and Economic 
Relations whose latest meeting took place on 19  April 2021. Bilateral trade amounted, in 2021, to 
USD 4.08 billion, a 6.57% growth in comparison t o 2020, following two  consecutive years of decline 
(-11.12% in 2020 and -9.4% in 2019). The Swiss Confederation enjoyed a significant surplus 
(USD  648 million), exporting USD  2.36 billion  and importing USD  1.72 billion . The main Brazilian 
exports were gold  (62%) and aircraft (9,7%). Chapters  30 (pharmaceutical products) and 
29 (organic products) of the Harmonized System answered, respectively, for 32% and 25% of Swiss 
exports.  
4.18.  At the multilateral level, Brazil and Switzerland maintain close dialogue and coo peration in 
economic, trade, tax and fiscal matters. Several points of convergence are reflected in initiatives 
sponsored by the OECD and by the G20, including the promotion of good governance practices and 
business transparency, as well as measures to fig ht tax evasion and corruption. Brazil notes with 
appreciation Switzerland’s support to Brazil’s accession to the OECD.  
4.19.  We would like to highlight another important achievement in recent years, which was the 
conclusion of a free trade agreement between the  MERCOSUR and EFTA, once in force, this 
agreement will further increase access for goods and services in both directions benefiting our 
societies with a more variety universe of goods with  quality and competitive prices  
4.20.  Switzerlan d's complex mix of tariff protection and domestic support for its agricultural sector 
remain a source of concern for the Brazilian Government. As an example of the distorting effect of 
the measures currently in place, agricultural products, in which Brazil is highly competitive, st ill 
represent less than 10% of Brazilian exports to Switzerland.  
4.21.  Average tariffs exceed 25% and tariff peaks reach up to 671% on several agricultural goods. 
The Report by the Secretariat confirms that a comprehensive set of trade instruments, including 
direct payments and border measures, continues to be implemented.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.22.  Protectionism in agriculture hinders the overall competitiveness of the Swiss industry and 
harms the interests of farmers in the developing world, which is particularly harmful in the current 
context of food insecurity. A more market -driven approach towards agriculture would certainly 
benefit not only businesses but also consumers in Switzerland and would help promote development 
in other parts of the world, especially in the least developed countries.  
4.23.  As noted in the Secretariat's report, the two countries' limited domestic markets and export 
orientation led to a trade policy focused on promoting and guaranteeing open markets. Extending 
this orientation to their agricultural policy would not on ly show consistency but, more importantly, 
would signal Switzerland's and Liechtenstein's support to the principles enshrined by WTO 
Agreements at a time where the organization needs to demonstrate its capacity to produce results 
in all areas, and agricult ure is certainly not an exception  
4.24.  Let me conclude by wishing the delegation of Switzerland and  Liechtenstein a very successful 
Trade Policy Review.  
COLOMBIA  
4.25.  Deseamos expresar nuestro saludo a la distinguida delegación de Suiza que nos acompaña el 
día de hoy, encabezada por el Embajador delegado por el Consejo Federal para los Acuerdos 
Comerciales, el señor Markus  Schlagenhof, y a su Embajador Sr. Didier  Chambo vey. Igualmente, 
expresamos nuestro saludo a la distinguida delegación de Liechtenstein que nos acompaña, 
encabezada por su Embajador en Ginebra, Sr. Kurt Jäger.  También queremos agradecer a la 
Secretaría por el informe y al Embajador Hung  Seng Tan (Singa pur) por las pertinentes 
contribuciones realizadas.  
4.26.  Para todos es claro el buen desempeño económico y comercial que históricamente han tenido 
Suiza y Liechtenstein. Durante el periodo del examen mantuvieron un crecimiento sostenido de su 
PIB, excepto duran te lo peor de la pandemia, cuando tuvieron un decrecimiento pasajero.  
4.27.  El informe de la Secretar ía resalta que fue precisamente la acción fuerte y decidida del 
Gobierno Federal y del Banco Central, lo que aseguró acciones adecuadas para el manejo de la cris is 
financiera global resultado de la pandemia. Se redefinió la prioridad de su política fiscal, pasando 
del "freno a la deuda " a una mayor intervención de las autoridades, lo que se tradujo en pasar de 
un superávit fiscal del 1.3% en 2019 a un déficit fisc al del -2.8% en 2020. El Banco también intervino 
más en la economía, incluyendo un tipo de interés negativo y acciones dedicadas a mantener estable 
el tipo de cambio en el mercado de divisas; sin embargo, las tendencias alcistas continúan, y sigue 
siendo u n reto mantener la estabilidad en los precios.  
4.28.  Un aspecto de gran interés es la estructura comercial de los dos países, pues las limitaciones 
propias de su tamaño les obliga a tener una fuerte dependencia del comercio internacional. Suiza 
cada vez se conce ntra más en la exportación de productos de alto valor, sobre los que el impacto 
de la volatilidad de los tipos de cambio es casi nula. Sus exportaciones durante 2020 estuvieron 
compuestas por productos químicos y farmacéuticos en más del 51%; seguido por i nstrumentos de 
precisión, relojería y joyería; y en tercer lugar máquinas y aparatos electrónicos; aunque hay que 
destacar que hay diferencias sustanciales entre la participación de los sectores en el total de las 
exportaciones.  
4.29.  La armonización propia de l a condición de unión aduanera entre Suiza y Liechtenstein orientan 
su política comercial hacia una dirección común. Su principal interés es promover y garantizar la 
apertura de los mercados, y en la actualidad priorizan el desarrollo sostenible. En ambos c asos su 
socio comercial más importante es la Unión  Europea, y para el 2020 se constituyó en el destino de 
más del 50% de las exportaciones suizas y más del 61% de las exportaciones de Liechtenstein 
(descartando el comercio con Suiza), así como la fuente de  más del 70% de las importaciones suizas 
y más del 78% de las importaciones de Liechtenstein (descartando el comercio con Suiza).  
4.30.  Otros asuntos que nos gustaría destacar del informe de la Secretaría es la balanza comercial 
en materia de servicios. Para 20 20, los dos principales rubros en la exportación de servicios de Suiza 
fueron los derechos de licencias y los servicios financieros, mientras que las principales 
importaciones fueron también los derechos de licencias y los servicios de investigación y desa rrollo; WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  esta situación resulta acorde con su estructura comercial en bienes, y es evidente la coordinación 
existente en el sector productivo suizo. 
4.31.  En este mismo orden de ideas es preciso destacar el desarrollo de los derechos de propiedad 
intelectual rela cionados con el comercio. El informe de la Secretar ía destaca como la OMPI cataloga 
a Suiza como el país más innovador del mundo en 2021, pues es un área de especial interés para el 
Gobierno y el sector productivo del país. Suiza es un exportador neto de p ropiedad intelectual y 
durante el periodo objeto del análisis los ingresos derivados de las regalías han sido sorprendentes, 
con un periodo especialmente positivo entre 2015 y 2019 cuando crecieron un 35% alcanzando los 
USD 31.000  millones. Durante 2019 y 2020 los ingresos por regalías continuaron siendo 
arrolladores, pero con una leve desmejora debido a los efectos económicos de la pandemia. Estamos 
seguros que las últimas cifras demostrarán un nuevo repunte, debido al importante rol que las 
empresas suiza s han tenido con relación a las vacunas contra la COVID -19.  
4.32.  Así, para Colombia, resulta de gran interés el desarrollo que ha tenido Suiza en materia de 
los derechos de propiedad intelectual. En este examen le presentamos algunas dudas sobre los 
recientes cambios que ha tenido la ley de derechos de autor en Suiza, que esperamos puedan ser 
respondida prontamente.  
4.33.  El tema agrícola es otra área que despierta gran interés. Según el reporte de la Secretar ía, el 
principal problema de la agricultura en Suiza es su alto costo de producción, particularmente de la 
mano de obra, que la convierte en poco competitiva a nivel internacional. Sin embargo, la política 
agrícola resulta de importancia estructural para Sui za, pues tiene el fundamento jurídico arraigado 
en la misma Constitución Política, e incluso fue objeto de una adición constitucional por referendo 
en 2017 con el objetivo de fortalecer la seguridad alimentaria del país.  
4.34.  Así, la política agrícola suiza se  encuentra en constante revisión y se desarrollan planes 
cuatrienales para direccionar el sector. Es de destacar que no se implementará la reducción en el 
nivel de apoyo gubernamental previsto para el periodo 2022 -2025, sino que se mantendrá el mismo 
nivel que para el periodo 2018 -2021. Adicionalmente, a causa de la pandemia, el Gobierno suizo 
introdujo una serie de medidas de apoyo financiero con el objetivo de asegurar el abastecimiento 
de alimentos y prevenir la caída en los precios de los productos agrí colas, particularmente al sector 
vinícola.  
4.35.  Consideramos que todas las medidas en materia agrícola son un asunto de especial relevancia 
dentro del examen que Suiza y Liechtenstein adelantan. Nos genera interés la implementación de 
las medidas anunciadas par a la seguridad alimentaria y el apoyo financiero por la COVID -19. Este 
es un asunto que amerita mayores discusiones en el futuro.  
4.36.  Finalmente queremos resaltar el constructivo rol de Suiza y Liechtenstein en la OMC. Estos 
dos países son miembros fundadores  de la Organización y otorgan un trato de nación más favorecida 
a todos los Miembros. Hacen parte de una gran cantidad de acuerdos como el Acuerdo sobre 
Compras Públicas (y su revisión), el Acuerdo sobre Tecnologías de la Información, y Suiza también 
es pa rte de otros acuerdos como el Acuerdo sobre el Comercio de Aeronaves Civiles y el Acuerdo 
sobre Comercio de Productos Farmacéuticos. Ambos países ratificaron el Acuerdo sobre Facilitación 
al Comercio en 2015, y participan en las Iniciativas sobre las Decla raciones Conjuntas de Comercio 
Electrónico, Mipymes, Reglamentación Doméstica en los Servicios, y suscribieron la Declaración de 
Buenos  Aires sobre las Mujeres y el Comercio. Suiza también participa activamente en la Iniciativa 
sobre Facilitación de las In versiones para el Desarrollo. Esperamos que continúen apoyando y 
participando en todos estos debates, y mantengan su importante liderazgo en asuntos de relevancia 
sistémica como la renovación de la moratoria de comercio electrónico.  
4.37.  No me resta más que de searle a Suiza y a Liechtenstein el mayor de los éxitos en su examen 
de las política s comercial es y animamos al Embajador Chambovey, al Embajador Jäger, y a sus 
respectivas Misiones a continuar su rol activo al interior de la OMC en pro de un mejor 
funcion amiento del sistema multilateral de comercio.  
HONG  KONG,  CHINA  
4.38.  I would like to extend a warm welcome to the delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein 
led by Ambassador Markus  Schlagenhof, head of the Swiss delegation to TPR of Switzerland 2022, WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  and Ambassador Kurt  Jäger, head of delegation of Liechtenstein. I would also like to thank the 
discussant Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore for his insightful remarks, and the Secretariat 
for the comprehensive reports they have prepared for this Review.  
4.39.  Hong Kong, China maintains cordial economic and trade relations with Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein, as demonstrated by the free trade agreement (FTA) between Hong  Kong,  China and 
the member States of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The FTA entered into force in 
2012, providing favourable market access for goods and services, and facilitates closer trade and 
investmen t ties between Hong Kong,  China  and Switzerland and Liechtenstein.   
4.40.  Switzerland was Hong Kong, China 's 16th largest merchandise trading partner in 2021, while 
Hong Kong,  China  was Switzerland's 7th largest merchandise trading partner in the world and 
the 2nd largest in Asia in 2020. In 2021, the bilateral merchandise trade between Hong Kong,  China  
and Switzerland amounted to USD  11.5 billion, and that between Hong Kong,  China  and 
Liechtenstein amounted to USD  20.9 million. In terms of services trade, Switzerland was 
Hong Kong,  China 's 14th largest trading partner in 2020 and our bilateral services trade amounted 
to USD  1.3 billion.  
4.41.  We have the following observations on the tra de policies of Switzerland and Lichtenstein.  
4.42.  First, trade facilitation,  we commend Switzerland's and Liechtenstein's efforts in continuously 
upgrading their trade facilitation measures. During the review period, Switzerland launched a major 
customs reform initiative "DaziT " to transform its customs procedures to better facilitate trade, and 
this initiative will also be applied by Liechtenstein. We note that this initiative will result in a 
full-fledged electronic single window system, with simplified and fu lly digitali zed customs 
procedures, which will reduce regulatory costs and further improve the efficiency and security of the 
system.  
4.43.  Second,  the tariff structure of Switzerland and Liechtenstein remains the same as in the last 
Review in 2017, and exclusi vely consists of specific rates that are generally based on gross weight. 
While these specific rates may be easier to administer, they are not as transparent and predictable 
as ad valorem rates. We would encourage both Members to consider additional measur es to enhance 
the transparency of their tariff regime.  
4.44.  On the other hand, we are pleased to note that Switzerland and Liechtenstein have 
bound  99% of its tariff lines, with an increase in the proportion of duty -free tariff lines, a decrease 
in the estimate d average applied tariff rate and a drop in the tariff peak during the review period. 
We note further that Switzerland will abolish industrial tariffs (with certain exceptions) and simplify 
the tariff structure with effect from 2024. We highly commend such  efforts in promoting open 
markets and believe the reduction of compliance costs brought about by these initiatives will benefit 
exporters as well as local consumers.  
4.45.  Turning to technical regulations , we commend Switzerland's efforts in reducing barriers to 
trade through measures including aligning national standards with international or European 
standards, concluding mutual recognition agreements with a number of economies to recogni ze 
conformity assessments of export markets and reduce technica l barriers, and harmoni zing the Swiss 
law with the European  Union law on sanitary and phytosanitary measures (on the marketing of food 
products and plant health).  
4.46.  Switzerland notified the WTO Working Party on State Trading  Enterprises in December  2020 
that imports of ethanol and spirits are allowed without permit or restrictions. Plans have also been 
announced for the privatisation of a wholly -owned subsidiary of the state -owned Swiss Post. We are 
pleased to note these liberali zation actions and plans, whic h help promote market competition.   
4.47.  Lastly, on services trade . Services are important economic sectors, accounting for 73% of 
Switzerland's GDP in 2020 and 54% of Liechtenstein's GDP in 2019. During the review period, both 
Members have introduced regulato ry changes in several services sectors, in particular the 
telecommunications and financial services sectors.   
4.48.  Switzerland and Liechtenstein are staunch supporters of the WTO and rules -based multilateral 
trading system. Hong Kong,  China  shares their common  goals in keeping markets open, minimising WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  export restrictions, maintaining non -discriminatory market access and ensuring transparency on 
trade measures. We look forward to further fostering our bilateral trade and economic relations with 
Switzerland and L iechtenstein and  will work with them and other Members to pursue further global 
trade liberali zation under the WTO framework. We wish Switzerland and Liechtenstein a very 
successful Trade Policy Review.  
CANADA  
4.49.  Nous souhaitons nous aussi la bienvenue aux me mbres des délégations de la Suisse et du 
Liechtenstein. Nous remercions les gouvernements de la Suisse et du Liechtenstein, ainsi que le 
Secrétariat, pour leurs rapports, et pour leurs réponses à la plupart de nos questions.  
4.50.  Je dois souligner que le Canada  condamne avec la plus grande fermeté l'attaque injustifiable 
menée par la Fédération de Russie contre l'Ukraine. Sur cette question, nous remercions la Suisse 
et le Liechtenstein d'appliquer des sanctions à la mesure de celles adoptées par l'Union  europée nne. 
4.51.  Pour revenir à l'examen des politiques commerciales, le Canada souhaite souligner 
l'importante contribution de la Suisse et du Liechtenstein à un système commercial international 
ouvert et transparent, ainsi que leur souci constant de soutenir le syst ème commercial multilatéral 
et d'y participer activement. Les entreprises canadiennes ont des expériences très positives avec la 
Suisse et le Liechtenstein.  
4.52.  Même si ces deux Membres ont déjà des politiques commerciales ouvertes et fondées sur des 
règles, j e souhaite souligner trois initiatives positives réalisées au cours de la période visée par 
l'examen. Premièrement, la Suisse a annoncé que tous les droits imposés sur les biens industriels 
seraient éliminés le 1er janvier  2024, ce qui témoigne du solide appui de la Suisse envers un 
commerce ouvert et sans obstacles. Ensuite, nous tenons à féliciter la Suisse, qui a mis en œuvre 
sur son territoire l'Accord révisé sur les marchés publics le 1  janvier  2021. Comme la S uisse, le 
Canada appuie avec vigueur cet accord et souhaite améliorer l'accès aux marchés publics dans le 
monde entier. Enfin, je souhaite mentionner l'adoption par la Suisse du programme DaziT, qui vise 
à simplifier les procédures douanières afin qu'elles  se fassent toutes par voie électronique d'ici la fin 
de 2026.  
4.53.  À titre d'économie de taille moyenne axée sur le commerce, le Canada partage plusieurs des 
mêmes défis et priorités que la Suisse et le Liechtenstein. Par exemple, alors que les effets de la 
pandémie de COVID -19 se font toujours sentir, il semble plus important que jamais de diversifier 
nos échanges commerciaux pour assurer la stabilité économique et la résilience des chaînes 
d'approvisionnement. De fait, l'un des principaux champs d'action de l a Stratégie de la politique 
économique extérieure de la Suisse vise à favoriser la résilience par la diversification. La stratégie 
de la Suisse vise également l'atteinte des Objectifs de développement durable, une autre priorité 
qu'elle a en commun avec le  Canada. Nous félicitons donc la Suisse et le Liechtenstein de leur 
participation aux Initiatives conjointes et aux Discussions structurées à l'OMC sur le commerce et la 
durabilité environnementale, ainsi que de leur appui à la Déclaration de Buenos  Aires sur les femmes 
et le commerce. Nous appuyons fermement ces initiatives. Le Canada salue également le bilan positif 
de la Suisse en matière de notifications.  
4.54.  De manière plus générale, nous sommes reconnaissants à la Suisse de son attachement à 
l'OMC et aux travaux sur sa réforme, et la remercions de son apport à notre partenariat à la fois au 
sein du Groupe d'Ottawa et dans d'autres initiatives qui visent à actualiser les règles qui 
sous-tendent le système commercial multilatéral et à trouver des solutions a ux pressions qui 
s'exercent sur celui -ci.  
4.55.  Le Canada encourage la Suisse à poursuivre ses efforts pour libéraliser le commerce dans le 
secteur agricole. La réduction des mesures de soutien interne et l'amélioration de l'accès au marché 
des produits agricol es bénéficieraient tant à la Suisse qu'à ses partenaires commerciaux.  
4.56.  Nous prenons acte des efforts déployés par la Suisse en vue d'éliminer toutes les subventions 
à l'exportation et attendons avec intérêt les prochaines réformes de sa politique agricole.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.57.  Pour conclure, nous vous remercions de même que le présentateur, l'ambassadeur 
Hung  Seng Tan, et adressons nos meilleurs vœux à la Suisse et au Liechtenstein à l'occasion de cet 
examen de leurs politiques commerciales.  
SINGAPORE  
4.58.  Let me begin by warmly welc oming the Swiss and Liechtenstein delegations led by 
Ambassadors Markus  Schlagenhof  and Kurt  Jäger. Let me also express our appreciation to both 
Members for their comprehensive Government Report and statement. Our appreciation also goes to 
you, Chair, discussant Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan as well as the Secretariat for your valuable 
insights. Allow me to make three points.  
4.59.  First, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Singapore share excellent bilateral and economic 
relations. Being small countries surrounded by much  larger neighbours, and having limited natural 
resources, we have developed vibrant economies and financial services sectors by creating 
pro-business environments. We are hence natural partners on many issues, including being open 
economies and staunch sup porters of the rules based multilateral trading system.  
4.60.  In 2021, Switzerland was Singapore's fourth and second largest European trading partner for 
goods and services respectively, and was also Singapore's second largest European investor. In turn, 
Singap ore is Switzerland's largest trading and investment partner from ASEAN. Singapore's 
economic ties with Liechtenstein have also been growing steadily, with Liechtenstein being 
Singapore's seventh  largest European investor, and our trade in goods have grown over 20% to 
more than USD  27 million in 2021.  
4.61.  Our bilateral economic relationship is also underpinned by the European Free Trade 
Association (EFTA) – Singapore Free Trade Agreement. It was the first FTA signed between EFTA 
and an Asian country in 2003. Sin ce its entry into force almost two decades ago, there has been 
close to a four -fold increase in goods traded between Singapore and the EFTA countries. Our 
Governments meet regularly to review the ESFTA and did so most recently in 2020, during which 
we agre ed to do further stock -taking and consider areas for improvement. We will keep up these 
efforts to enhance the ESFTA  
4.62.  Second, we look forward to expand and deepen collaboration on a wide -range of issues 
including financial services and digitali zation. Since 2014, Switzerland and Singapore regularly hold 
a financial Dial ogue to deepen cooperation and exchange views on both domestic and international 
financial market developments and policies. The latest initiative arising from our strong bilateral  
collaboration in the financial services sector is to jointly organize the international fintech conference 
Point Zero Forum, which will be held in Zurich from 21 to 23  June 2022. Singapore's Deputy Prime 
Minister and Coordinating Minister for Economic Policies, Mr  Heng Swee  Keat and Switzerland's 
Federal Councillor and Head of the Federal Department of Finance, Mr  Ueli Maurer will jointly open 
this conference, which will bring together international financial market and supervisory authorities 
together with new players from the fintech industry to drive innovation in digital technology.  
4.63.  We note that in 2016, Switzerland unveiled the Digital Switzerland Strategy to promote 
digitalization by, among other things, creating favourable conditions for  digital innovation and 
helping Swiss companies to become leaders in ICT adoption. The Secretariat has also cited a recent 
report by UNCTAD, which shows that Switzerland has already leveraged digitalization and 
connectivity to develop frontier technologies , ranging from artificial intelligence, the Internet of 
Things, blockchain, nanotechnology, and gene editing. Similarly, Liechtenstein has developed itself 
as a leading digital business location. It has set up a Digital Liechtenstein Initiative in 2017 and  
followed -up with a Digital Roadmap and a Cyber Security Campaign. On 1  January  2020, the 
"Blockchain Act" was passed, which made Liechtenstein the first  country to introduce comprehensive 
regulation of the "token" economy built on blockchain technology. I n our collective transition to the 
digital economy, Singapore looks forward to learning from and collaborating with Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein.   
4.64.  Lastly, we commend the important contributions of the Swiss and Liechtenstein delegations 
to the work of th e WTO. We very much appreciate the facilitative, problem solving, and consensus 
building role which generations of Swiss diplomats, including General Council Chair Ambassador 
Didier  Chambovey and his very able team, have played in upholding the multilatera l trading system.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.65.  In conclusion, Singapore looks forward to working with Switzerland and Liechtenstein to 
further strengthen the WTO. I wish both a fruitful joint sixth  TPR.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.66.  I would like to welcome Ambassador Markus  Schlagenhof, Delegate of  the Federal Council for 
Trade Agreements, Switzerland 's Ambassador to the WTO, Didier  Chambovey, and Ambassador 
Kurt Jäger , Liechtenstein 's Ambassador to the WTO, to today 's Trade Policy Review.   
4.67.  The United  States enjoys a close and constructive relation ship with Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein, with cooperation spanning a range of issues, including initiatives in the WTO. The 
United  States would like to acknowledge Switzerland and Liechtenstein 's strong support of the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement, includin g the proposal on the need to eliminate consularization requirements,  
as well as support for the proposal for a General Council Decision to Enhance Transparency and 
Improve Compliance with Notification Requirements under WTO Agreements.  
4.68.  We invite Switzerland, Liechtenstein and all WTO Members, to support our efforts to have 
focused discussions in the Trade Facilitation Committee based on Members ' experiences and 
lessons -learned during C OVID -19, with a view to identifying best practices and making 
recommendations for implementation.  
4.69.  The United  States also enjoys a robust trade and investment relationship with Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein. Two -way goods trade between the United  States and Switzerland totalled 
USD 87.0 billion  in 2021, and two -way ser vices trade between the United  States and Switzerland 
totalled almost USD  67 billion in 2020. The US stock of foreign direct investment in Switzerland was 
almost USD  212 billion in 2020. Swiss FDI in the United  States was more than USD  300 billion 
in 2020.  With regard to Liechtenstein, total two -way goods trade between the United  States and 
Liechtenstein was more than USD  320 million in 2021. The US stock of foreign direct investment in 
Liechtenstein was USD  506 million in 2020.  
4.70.  The United  States has submit ted a number of questions, and we thank both Governments in 
advance for their efforts to respond.  
4.71.  For example, given that Switzerland will abolish industrial tariffs on imports effective 
January  2024, the United  States is interested in Switzerland's strat egy for negotiating new free trade 
agreements. We are also interested to know if future negotiations will focus on access in agriculture, 
where barriers remain high, given that there will be no industrial tariffs. The United  States is also 
interested in ho w Switzerland will work for the creation of international rules for digital trade and 
the free flow of data, taking into account regulatory differences between key trading partners such 
as the United  States, the EU, and others. Noting that Liechtenstein is  in a customs union with 
Switzerland, but is also a member of the European Economic Area, while Switzerland is not, the 
United  States is interested in how conflicts are managed between the two systems with regard to 
trade and economic policy.  
4.72.  In addition, the United  States submitted questions regarding Swiss regulations for agricultural 
products derived through biotechnology; the lack of competition in the Swiss domestic market, 
particularly in retail chains; and clarifications on the laws and regulations f or intellectual property in 
both countries, including on geographical indications and copyright protections.  
4.73.  We wish both Governments a successful Review and look forward to reviewing responses to 
our questions . 
NORWAY  
4.74.  Let me join others in welcoming Ambas sador Markus  Schlagenhof and Ambassador Kurt  Jäger 
and their delegations to this Trade Policy Review. Let me also thank the discussant  Ambassador 
Hung  Seng Tan for his contribution to our deliberations.  
4.75.  I am delighted to have this opportunity to contribute  to the Trade Policy Review of 
two countries with whom Norway has a long -lasting and particularly close trading relationship. We WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  might have varying sectoral and business interests, but we come together in a shared belief in the 
value of a rules -based, pred ictable, transparent, fair , and open multilateral trading system.  
4.76.  Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein are, together with Iceland, longstanding partners as 
members of the European Free Trade Association. Since 1960 EFTA has provided a framework for 
the promotion of free trade and economic integration between its member s.  
4.77.  Furthermore, EFTA is a platform for one of the world 's largest networks of preferential trade 
relations, currently covering 40  countries. We work closely together, firmly based on WTO rules, to 
widen this network and to extend commitments, and negotiat ions with new partners are ongoing.  
4.78.  Norway and Liechtenstein are also partners in the Agreement on the European Economic Area, 
which extends the internal market of the European  Union to the three EFTA States Iceland, 
Liechtenstein and Norway.  
4.79.  The Secretar iat's Report confirms the strong commitments of Switzerland and Liechtenstein 
to the rules -based multilateral trading system. This is of particular importance in a time when the 
rules-based world order is being challenged at its core.  
4.80.  We commend Switzerla nd for its leadership of the Friends of the System. We would also like 
to highlight the willingness of Switzerland 's delegates to not only take on responsibilities as chairs 
of various WTO bodies, but also to involve themselves constructively in areas that  may be of limited 
interest to Switzerland, but for the sake of the system, such as the negotiations on fisheries 
subsidies.  
4.81.  The fact that Ambassador Chambovey is currently chairing the General Council is not only an 
expression of Members ' trust in his pe rsonal capabilities, but also a reflection of the standing and 
reputation of Switzerland as a reliable and true friend of the multilateral trading system.  
4.82.  Norway appreciates our close cooperation with Switzerland and Liechtenstein across the board 
within the WTO framework, both in regular bodies, ongoing negotiations, as well as in various 
member -driven initiatives.  
4.83.  Both Switzerland and Liechtenstein attach importance to non -trade concerns in agriculture, 
which are shared by Norway. We appreciate the clos e cooperation in the G10 and are grateful to 
Switzerland for all your efforts through the years in coordinating the group.   
4.84.  We also share the importance attached to trade and environmental sustainability, and 
appreciate in particular the close cooperation  with Switzerland in TESSD as well as in the ongoing 
ACCTS negotiations.  
4.85.  As a leading maritime nation, Norway has a particular interest in the maritime policies of other 
members. In this regard, we note with interest that the Swiss Government has commissio ned a 
maritime strategy and that draft legislation on international shipping under the Swiss flag is to be 
drawn up in order to enhance the long -term effectiveness of Swiss legislation in this area and make 
Swiss shipping more competitive and sustainable. Norway would like to thank Switzerland for their 
response to our written question and will follow with interest the further development of 
Switzerland 's maritime policies.  
4.86.  In conclusion, Norway is looking forward to continuing our close cooperation with S witzerland 
and Liechtenstein in order to protect and strengthen the rules -based multilateral trading system 
anchored in the WTO, to the benefit of current and future generations.  
4.87.  Finally, let me wish Switzerland and Liechtenstein a successful Trade Policy Review.  
CHILE  
4.88.  Quisiera saludar y dar la bienvenida a las delegaciones de Suiza y Liechtenstein, encabezadas 
por S u Excelencia  el Sr. Markus  Schlagenhof, Embajador y Delegado del Consejo Federal de WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  Acuerdos Comerciales de Suiza y el Excmo.  Embajador Jäger  en su calidad de Jefe de Delegación de 
Liechtenstein . 
4.89.  Saludamos a la Misión de Suiza, dirigida respectivamente por el Embajador Chambovey y a 
los delegados de la Misión de Liechtenstein que nos acompañan hoy. Agradecemos a la Secretaría 
por el inform e preparado para este ejercicio, así como al  Embajador Hung  Seng Tan, por su 
presentación.  
4.90.  A fines del siglo  XIX, más 8 .000 ciudadanos suizos se asentaron en la zona de la Araucanía, 
en el sur de Chile. La herencia y la cultura suiza han estado siempre pre sentes en nuestro país. En 
efecto, dos importantes Presidentes de mi país tenían sus orígenes en este país 
Eduardo  Frei Montalva y su hijo Eduardo  Frei Ruiz-Tagle.  
4.91.  En el plano comercial, nuestras relaciones se enmarcan en el Tratado de Libre Comercio 
suscrito en 2003 entre nuestro país y la Asociación Europea de Libre Comercio (AELC o EFTA en 
inglés). Dicho tratado cubre todas las áreas principales de las relaciones económicas, incluyendo el 
comercio en bienes, servicios e inversiones y ha permitido un aume nto sostenido de nuestro 
comercio bilateral y la casi totalidad de l comercio de bienes está exento de aranceles. 
Adicionalmente, y como complemento a este TLC, Chile y Suiza han instaurado un Diálogo Económico 
Bilateral.  
4.92.  Desde el último examen conjunto de  las política s comercial es en 2017, nuestro comercio con 
Suiza ha crecido en promedio un 10% anual, mientras que con Liechtenstein el crecimiento promedio 
ha sido de un 3%, crecimiento que se mantuvieron incluso durante la pandemia (16 y 96% de 
crecimiento  respectivamente entre 2020 y 2021). En los tres primeros meses de este año el 
intercambio con Suiza fue de más de USD  300 millones, con una balanza favorable para Chile.  
4.93.  Apreciamos altamente el proceso que se desarrolla actualmente para profundizar la 
liberalización de los mercados y actualizar las normas que rigen el intercambio comercial en el marco 
del ALC, con el espíritu de darle un sello de Acuerdo del Siglo  XXI, mediante el cual Chile espera 
poder lograr mejores condiciones de acceso a productos ag rícolas chilenos y generar una efectiva 
transferencia tecnológica.  
4.94.  En el plano multilateral, Chile, Suiza y Liechtenstein son economías abiertas con un alto grado 
de dependencia del comercio internacional. Por lo tanto, la colaboración en el marco de la OM C es 
esencial para mantener el sistema multilateral basado en reglas, y seguir avanzando en la 
liberalización comercial, particularmente en la reforma agrícola considerando la necesidad de que, 
en tiempos de crisis alimentaria, será indispensable mantener mercados abiertos tal como dice la 
declaración conjunta sobre un comercio abierto y previsible de productos agropecuarios y 
alimenticios que hemos copatrocinados con Suiza y otros miembros. Compartimos, asimismo, 
valores y principios respecto al rol del mu ltilateralismo y somos miembros activos en las iniciativas 
conjuntas sobre comercio electrónico; mipymes, reglamentación nacional del comercio de servicios 
y facilitación de las inversiones.  
4.95.  En cuanto a las características económico -comerciales de Suiza y Liechtenstein vemos 
positivamente su sólida situación fiscal que ha permitido minimizar los impactos de la pandemia a 
mediano y largo plazo. El hecho de contar con amplias reservas financieras y que más del 50% de 
sus exportaciones se concentren en el sect or de productos químicos y farmacéuticos sin duda los ha 
preparado mejor para los efectos post pandemia.  
4.96.  Saludamos asimismo la agenda que ambos países tienen en materia de tratados de libre 
comercio y alentamos la pronta notificación de estos a la OMC, de  manera de poder analizar la forma 
en cómo Suiza y Liechtenstein incorporan sus compromisos a nivel nacional, así como también la 
forma cómo determinan la necesidad de generar cambios en los aranceles o la imposición de medidas 
no arancelarias en casos de emergencia.   
4.97.  Vemos con interés las estrategias de digitalización de los servicios del Estado, incluyendo en 
materia aduanera y consideramos positivo los esfuerzos para mejorar las medidas de seguridad 
aduanera y la introducción del PASSAR como sistema de ventanilla única para facilitar el comercio 
transfronterizo de bienes.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.98.  Otro aspecto a relevar son los cambios regulatorios en materia de servicios financieros y en 
especial, el reforzamiento de la legislación contra el blanqueo de dinero.  
4.99.  A pesar de todos estos aspectos positivos, Chile continua, al igual que otros Miembros, 
preocupado por la excesiva protección en el sector agropecuario, a través de diversas medidas 
arancelarias y no arancelarias. El informe de la Secretaría revela que los esfuerzos en est a materia 
no necesariamente han producido cambios y que la huella de carbono de este sector es considerable. 
Por lo mismo, reiteramos el llamado a orientar en mayor medida al mercado sus políticas de 
producción y comercio en el sector agropecuario, e inten tar reducir la huella de carbono que tiene 
este sector.  
4.100.   Para concluir, Sr. Presidente, quisiera mencionar que para este sexto examen conjunto de 
las política s comercial es, Chile formuló preguntas en áreas como acuerdos regionales, antidumping, 
telecomunicaciones y servicios financieros y cuyas respuestas agradecemos.  
4.101.   Deseamos a Suiza y Liechtenstein una exitosa revisión de su política comercial en este 
examen.  
ISRAEL  
4.102.   Israel is pleased to participate in Switzerland and Liechtenstein's sixth joint  Trade Policy 
Review at the WTO. We want to extend our warm welcome to the Swiss delegation headed by 
H.E. Ambassador  Markus  Schlagenhof and Liechtenstein's delegation led by H .E. Ambassador  
Kurt Jäger. We would like to take this opportunity to extend our appreciation to the distinguished 
Ambassador of Switzerland to the WTO, H.E.  Mr Didier  Chambovey. And last but not least, we would 
like to thank H.E. Mr  Hung Seng Tan (Singapore) for his insightful initial remarks.  
4.103.   At the outset, Israel would like to note that international trade plays a dominant role in these 
economies, primarily maintaining an open trade regime. Moreover, since the last review in 2018, 
these two  WTO Members have pursued liberal trade and investment policies and have remained 
strong advoca tes of the multilateral trading system (MTS).  
4.104.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are diversified developed economies that have adapted to and 
resisted macroeconomic shocks. They are also amongst the top high -per capita income countries 
globally and are very wel l integrated in international trade. Therefore, although the COVID -19 
pandemic was a primary reason for the real GDP growth falling by 2.4% in 2020 in Switzerland and 
even more in Liechtenstein, thanks to the solid financial buffers and prompt response by both 
Governments, the pandemic is not expected to have adverse effects on long -term economic 
prospects.  
4.105.   Both countries also face similar challenges, including the ag eing population, low productivity 
growth, adaptation to digitalization, climate change, an d risks posed by high levels of household 
debt. How they tackle these issues is something Israel is following closely.  
4.106.   Due to the two countries' relatively small domestic markets, something Israel also has in 
common, there has been a strong orientation tow ards export; therefore, trade policy in both 
countries is focused on promoting and guaranteeing open markets, similarly to Israel.  
4.107.   Switzerland is Israel's leading trading partner among the four  countries which make up the 
European Free Trade Association (E FTA). A notable development in this regard was the upgrade of 
mutual concessions in agriculture, as part of the Israel – EFTA Free Trade Agreement, which was 
ratified and entered into force in 2021. Also, in more general terms, in recent years, there has b een 
an intensification in bilateral economic and financial relations, which is reflected in promoting 
bilateral trade and collaborations between Swiss and Israeli companies and start -ups. This 
intensification has also led to scientific cooperation in vario us sectors, including fintech, cyber 
security, space, Medtech, cleantech, to name a few. As a result, we expect to continue to deliver 
solutions to some of the world's most pressing challenges.  
4.108.   The bilateral trade volume amounted to USD  1.75 billion in 20 20. Israel imports 
pharmaceutical products, machinery, mineral fuels, iron and steel, and watches. On the other hand, WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  Israeli exports to Switzerland consists mainly of precious stones and precious metals, optical and 
medical apparatus, electrical equipment , and organic chemicals.  
4.109.   Israel is pleased to note the recent announcement by Switzerland on the unilateral 
abolishment of import duties on almost all industrial goods and simplifying the Swiss customs tariff 
to reduce costs for consumers and companies al ike. Besides tariff elimination, the Swiss tariff code 
will be downsized from its currently 6 ,172 tariff lines to 4 ,592 tariff lines to simplify the classification 
of products. Israel looks forward to learning more about the implementation of this reform.  
4.110.   Turning to trade in services, Israel shares a similar ambition with Switzerland, which is to 
work towards a liberalized services regime underpinned by robust disciplines that provide 
transparency and predictability, enabling the free exchange of services. We look forward to 
continuing to cooperate closely towards achieving our common goal.  
4.111.   Israel shares Switzerland and Liechtenstein's views regarding multilateral trade liberalization 
and we work alongside on many issues in the WTO, plurilaterally, and in ot her platforms. For 
example, we are parties to the Government Procurement Agreement, the Information Technology 
Agreement, and its revised Agreement. Currently, both countries and Israel participate in the JSIs 
on E-commerce, MSMEs, and Domestic Trade Regulation in Services. In addition, we co -sponsor the 
transparency proposal with a wide range of ideas to improve compliance with notifications across 
the WTO. We are also part of the G10 group on Agriculture, and we collaborate and exchange views 
through the Friends of the System, ably led by Switzerland. Outside the WTO, we are Members of 
the OECD and we exchange views on trade issues also in the framework of the Small Advanced 
Economies Initiative.  
4.112.   During this exercise, Israel submitted questions to Switzerland, and we are reviewing the 
replies carefully. The areas of interest for Israel include elimination of tariffs, agriculture and imports.  
4.113.   We would like to take this opportunity to extend our sincere appreciation to the hard -working 
teams in the Mi ssions of Switzerland and Liechtenstein, which, as mentioned earlier, work closely 
with us on a wide range of initiatives at the WTO.  
4.114.   To conclude, allow me to wish these two countries every success in this Trade Policy Review.  
AUSTRALIA  
4.115.   Chers Ambassadeur S chlagenhof, Chambovey et Jäger.  D'abord un grand merci à mon ami 
Hung  Seng Tan pour son discours d'ouverture de notre conférence aujourd'hui. Ce n'est pas 
vraiment normal pour moi, un Australien, de vous souhaiter la bienvenue ici chez vous Genève. C'est 
mieux de vous remercier de nous avoir reçus ici, dans votre belle ville, la Genève multilatérale.  
4.116.   This is a house of rules. I am sitting here next to my friend Mr  Vyacheslav  Tsymbal from 
Ukraine whose country is currently subject to a brutal illegal invasio n as our colleagues from Canada 
have said earlier . So, we have got to protect those rules. This house is founded on those same rules , 
founded on a system of international law and it is a system that we cherish, it is a system we cherish 
because it protects  us all and it supports al l and you , Switzerland and Liechtenstein , you are system 
players.  
4.117.   Australia commends you for your commitment to this system, you invest in it, you are driving 
rule-marking; it is what you are doing in your active participation on  our new rule -making efforts, 
whether in services, domestic regulation, or e -commerce i t evidence s of your commitment to 
protecting this system.  You have also been driving on trade liberalization and expanding trade and 
investment and working to support th e digital economy as you are doing in respect of the protection 
of the important moratorium on e -commerce.  
4.118.   There are hard few weeks we have ahead, and you are helping us to lead that effort in all 
areas, trade and health, pandemic response, agricultural reform, and fisheries. And we look forward 
to continuing our work with you in each of these areas, of course there are some areas that we 
would like to see improved and areas such as Brazil has listed earlier on agriculture, on notifications, 
and on transparency.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.119.   I wanted to talk just briefly about the common commitment we have with Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein all across the multilateral system not just here at the World Trade Organization . It is 
a relationship that we value very highly, and it is a relationship that is founded on our commitment 
to democracy to good governance and to human rights and a s a testam ent to that relationship I 
know some in this room know that we will be opening a new Embassy a few hundred kilometres 
away up the road in Berne, after 60 years of our diplomatic relations .  
4.120.   On agriculture, there is room for improvement as Brazil has noted earlier . We note that the 
high form of direct payments to farms in Switzerland accounts for around 50%  of support provided 
to Swiss farmers, which is three times the OECD average.  We notice as Brazil has done the 
prevalence tariff rate quotas, including so me that are high and restrictive, we also note that some 
have rates, well above 100%, so that does suggest a scope  for further opening.  
4.121.   I will conclude with one observation, that is that most of us here we like to say we are  
system plays but Switzerland an d Liechtenstein walked the talk very clearly and 
Ambassador  Chambovey's leadership here after several years in this house has been an impressive 
contribution to the system. Didier, w e could not be in safer hands than with your custodianship of 
the General Council in the next few weeks ahead of MC12. So, thank you for your leadership, thanks 
to Switzerland and Liechtenstein for your role  as system players.  
THAILAND  
4.122.   Thailand is delighted to participate in the sixth joint Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and  
Liechtenstein and joins others in welcoming the Swiss delegation headed by Ambassador 
Markus  Schlagenhof, Delegate of the Federal Council for Trade Agreements of State Secretariat for 
Economic Affairs and the Liechtenstein delegation headed by Ambassador Kurt Jäger from the 
Permanent Mission of Liechtenstein in Geneva.  
4.123.   We would like to thank you, Chair, for your introductory remarks, and the discussant, 
Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore, for sharing with us his detailed insights on Switzerland 's 
and Li echtenstein 's trade policies. We also would like to express appreciation to the WTO Secretariat 
and the Swiss and Liechtenstein Governments for the comprehensive reports.  
4.124.   Ranked among the world 's most advanced and innovative economies, Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein have shown their resilience against the backdrop of severe global economic crises, 
including that triggered by the emergence of C OVID -19 pandemic, thanks to not only the swift and 
targeted responsive measures taken by the Governments but also the ir pre -existing economic 
structure characterized by diversified economic sectors, growing specialization in high value -added 
production, sound public finances and political stability.  
4.125.   Thailand has long cherished close and friendly relations with both Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein. Last year, Thailand and Switzerland commemorated the 90th Anniversary of the official 
diplomatic relations since the conclusion of the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between the 
Kingdom of Siam (the former name of Thailand ) and the Swiss Confederation in 1931. Over the 
past 90 years, our trust and friendship have developed out of long -term cooperation between the 
two countries and will only continue to grow into the future.  
4.126.   In terms of economic and trade relations, with tra de patterns complementing each other, 
our average two -way trades amounted to USD 9,147.6  million with Switzerland and 
USD 109.6  million with Liechtenstein during 2017 -2021. Last year, Switzerland is Thailand 's 
20th largest trading partner in the world and 1st largest among the European Free Trade Association 
(EFTA) Members with USD 6,562.4  million of total trade. Major items of trade with Switzerland are 
gems and jewelleries, clock and watches, electrical machinery and parts thereof, and pharmaceutical 
products. Liechtenstein is our 109th largest trading partner globally and 3rd largest in the EFTA with 
USD 82.55  million of total trade. Major items of trade are gems and jewelleries, glass and glassware, 
electrical machinery and parts thereof, vehicles and pa rts thereof, pharmaceutical products.   
4.127.   Thailand appreciates Switzerland 's and Liechtenstein's long -standing advocacy and 
sustained efforts to promote trade openness. In this connection, we welcome Switzerland 's 
elimination of export subsidies on agricultu ral products in line with the MC10 decision and look 
forward to the country 's abolition of all industrial tariffs and the tariff structure as of 1  January  2024. WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  We encourage both countries to continue improving the conditions towards the open market, notab ly 
with respect to the agricultural products which, as noted in the WTO Secretariat report, remain 
highly protected with high applied tariff rates and complex administration of tariff regime.  
4.128.   Recognizing the ample potential of further growth in a number of  areas of mutual interest, 
Thailand is pleased to note that a constructive discussion on the possible resumption of the Free 
Trade Agreement negotiations between Thailand and the EFTA have recently been underway and 
have made good progress after being inte rrupted in 2006. Thailand truly believes that the 
Thailand -EFTA FTA will contribute to further expand trade and commercial opportunities of both Thai 
and Swiss -Liechtenstein companies and businesses.  
4.129.   As staunch supporters of the rule -based multilateral tra ding system, Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein have been actively and constructively engaging in many areas of the WTO 's ongoing 
negotiations, including the pandemic response, the WTO reform, the agriculture with Switzerland as 
G10 coordinator. Both countries also participate in the several Joint Statement Initiatives (JSIs): 
e-commerce; MSMEs; domestic regulation of trade in services; and the trade and environmental 
sustainability structured discussions (TESSD). In addition, Switzerland has joined the JSI on 
Investment Facilitat ion for Development and the Informal Dialogue on Plastic Pollution and 
Environmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade.  
4.130.   In this Review, Thailand submitted a number of questions on certain aspects of Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein 's trade and  economic policies. We would like to extend our gratitude for the 
responses, which we will examine with great interest.  
4.131.   In closing, Thailand would like to take this opportunity to extend our appreciation to 
Ambassador Didier  Chambovey for his outstanding l eadership as the current Chair of General Council 
and the former Chair of Dispute Settlement Body last year. Ambassador Chambovey 's dedication to 
facilitating our discussions has played an indispensable  role in our strive to achieve possible 
convergences a mongst Members. Our thanks also go to the teams of the Permanent Mission of both 
countries to the WTO in Geneva for their kind cooperation and support on a wide range of WTO 
issues as well as on the preparation for the MC12. Thailand is looking forward to enhancing our 
cooperation with the Permanent Missions of both countries in Geneva in order to advance our mutual 
interest in many WTO -related areas and beyond.  
4.132.   Thailand wishes Switzerland and Liechtenstein every success in the sixth joint Trade Policy 
Review. 
CHINA  
4.133.   China warmly welcomes the delegation of Switzerland, led by H.E. Ambassador 
Markus  Schlagenhof and the delegation of Liechtenstein, led by H.E.  Ambassador Kurt  Jäger to the 
sixth joint Trade Policy Review and would like to thank the discussant, A mbassador Hung  Seng Tan 
for his insightful comments and guiding questions. Many thanks also go to you, Chair and the 
Secretariat for the efforts to make this Review happen.  
4.134.   It is highly commendable that Switzerland and Liechtenstein, characterized by high living 
standards and a highly skilled labour force, maintain the world's top high GDP per  capita countries. 
Their fiscal status  is sound and unemployment rate is traditionally low. China is pleased to notice in 
the Secretariat Report that the long -term eco nomic prospects are not expected to be negatively 
affected by the pandemic.   
4.135.   China welcomes the continued efforts by both Governments of Switzerland and Liechtenstein 
in trade and investment liberalization. It is worth noting that the Swiss Government has announced 
all duties on industrial goods would be eliminated by 1 January  2024.  
4.136.   On the multilateral side, like many other Members, we appreciate the firm commitments of 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the multilateral trading system. Both countries are active Members 
of the WTO and maintain a solid record of notifications. We commend  them for playing an active role 
both in the regular work of WTO and the negotiations. Annual WTO  ministerial meeting held in  the 
margin s of the World Economic Forum in  Davos  has become an important platform for advancing WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  the discussion in WTO. Especially , we would like to thank Switzerland f or hosting MC12  in the coming 
month . 
4.137.   Taking this opportunity, China  would like to pay special tribute  to Ambassador Chambovey 
for his personal contribution to the WTO as Chair of General Council and previously as Chair of DSB, 
and his able team for their hard work in Geneva.  
4.138.   China and Switzerland enjoy close bilateral trade relations , with China being the third  largest 
trading pa rtner of Switzerland . Switzerland is  the first  European country signing free trade 
agreement (FTA) with China . Bilateral trade doubled within 10 years, and a major part of the growth 
happened after the FTA came into effect in 2014. In 2021 , bilateral trade  between China and 
Switzerland stands at USD  44.1 billion, among which 86% is Chin a's import from Switzerland. 
Switzerland is the largest source of investment to China among non -EU countries in Europe and is a 
popular destination for China's outward invest ment.  
4.139.   China and Switzerland both recogni ze the importance of intellectual property rights and have 
enhanced bilateral cooperation in this field. We are pleased to share that China -Switzerland Joint 
Commission on Commerce and Trade had its 11th Working Gro up Meeting on Intellectual Property 
Rights in March  2022. The two sides exchanged views on the latest developments in intellectual 
property legislation and enforcement. Both Governments responded to industry concerns with a view 
to improving IPR protection .   
4.140.   For the purpose of this Review, we have submitted written questions on environment -related 
import prohibitions and CO 2 Law. We appreciate the timely response and would conduct further 
review.  
4.141.   China wishes Switzerland and Liechtenstein  a successful Tra de Policy Review.  
UNION  EUROPÉENNE  
4.142.   L'Union  européenne souhaite la bienvenue à S.E.  M. Markus  Schlagenhof et toute la 
délégation suisse ainsi qu'à S.E.  M. Kurt Jäger et à l'ensemble de la délégation du Liechtenstein pour 
le sixième examen de leur politique  commerciale. Je remercie également l'Ambassadeur du 
Singapour, S.E.  M. Hung Seng Tan, le Secrétariat de l'OMC pour leurs rapports à notre disposition 
pour nos discussions de ce jour.  
4.143.   Le monde d'aujourd'hui connaît des changements rapides. Ces dernières an nées, nous avons 
entre autres assisté à une récession mondiale provoquée par la crise sanitaire, et plus récemment, 
à un retour de la guerre en Europe.  
4.144.   Aujourd'hui, nous sommes malheureusement tous témoins d'une agression injustifiée et 
non-provoquée de l a Fédération de Russie contre l'Ukraine. L'Union  européenne voudrait saisir cette 
occasion pour remercier la Suisse et le Liechtenstein d'avoir exprimé leur solidarité au peuple 
ukrainien en s'alignant sur les sanctions de l'UE contre la Fédération de Russ ie et la Biélorussie. En 
effet, la Suisse et le Liechtenstein jouent un rôle important dans le succès des sanctions économiques 
de l'UE contre la Fédération de Russie et la Biélorussie. C'est pourquoi nous continuerons de faire 
preuve d'une volonté commune  face à ces actes de violence, l'union faisant la force.  
4.145.   Ces remarques introductives étant faites, revenons -en à présent au sujet de la réunion de 
ce jour, l'examen de la politique commerciale de la Suisse et du Liechtenstein.  
4.146.   Comme illustré dans le rapport du Secrétariat, la Suisse et le Liechtenstein tirent profit des 
conditions économiques favorables, toutefois, ils sont également confrontés à des défis similaires, 
notamment le vieillissement de la population, la faible crois sance de la productivité, l'adaptation à 
la numérisation, le changement climatique et les prix élevés. Ce dernier élément a amené les 
autorités Suisses à annoncer la suppression des droits de douane sur les produits industriels. L'UE 
suivra avec intérêt la  mise en œuvre ainsi que l'impact de cette réforme sur l'économie suisse.  
4.147.   Je tiens à rappeler que la Suisse et le Liechtenstein sont parmi les voisins de l'UE les plus 
proches. L'Union  européenne est, et de loin, le principal partenaire commercial des deu x pays avant WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  les États -Unis, la Chine et le Royaume -Uni. Cela s'explique non seulement par notre proximité 
géographique mais aussi historique, culturelle et économique.  
4.148.   Aujourd'hui, la Suisse demeure le quatrième partenaire commercial de l'UE pour les bie ns, 
atteignant une somme de plus de 280  milliards d'EUR. Quant au commerce des services, la Suisse 
est notre troisième partenaire commercial.  
4.149.   Pour ce qui est du Liechtenstein, en 2020 les flux commerciaux bilatéraux de biens et de 
services ont atteint plus  de 3,5  milliards d'EUR.   
4.150.   Au demeurant, durant la crise sanitaire, la proximité de nos marchés, et l'intégration étroite 
de nos chaînes de valeur ont préservé dans une large mesure nos flux commerciaux bilatéraux.  
4.151.   Cela étant, il y a matière à amélioration  s'agissant de l'accès au marché suisse. Je 
souhaiterais mentionner des points de préoccupation immédiats pour nos opérateurs économiques, 
à titre d'exemple :  
• Les tarifs excessivement élevés et complexes sur l'importation des produits agricoles en 
Suisse d emeurent une entrave commerciale importante. Cette haute protection tarifaire 
pourrait, par ailleurs, constituer un obstacle à l'objectif suisse de garantir un 
approvisionnement alimentaire suffisant pour sa population.  
• En ce qui concerne l'attribution de  la certification d'aliments biologiques, l'Union  européenne 
encourage la Suisse à édicter des règles claires et non -discriminatoires ou à créer un label 
biologique suisse uniforme.  
• Quant à la question des marchés publics, l'UE félicite la Suisse pour sa r évision de la Loi 
fédérale, notamment ses critères d'attribution écologiques et socialement durables, elle 
rappelle néanmoins que ces critères ne devront en aucun cas écarter de manière injustifiée 
les acteurs européens et internationaux.  
• S'agissant des " mesures d’accompagnement", il s'agit du problème le plus important 
rencontré par les fournisseurs de service de l'UE souhaitant exercer en Suisse.  
• Pour conclure cette liste non exhaustive, l'absence d'ouverture à la concurrence de certains 
secteurs comme l es télécoms demeure également une barrière importante à l'accès au 
marché suisse.   
4.152.   Nous espérons que nos partenaires suisses seront ouverts à trouver des solutions à ces 
problèmes.  
4.153.   Comme mentionné dans le rapport du Secrétariat, en 2021 la Suisse a pris la décision de se 
retirer des négociations avec l'UE sur l'Accord -cadre institutionnel, qui constituait une nouvelle base 
solide pour notre relation bilatérale. L'UE ne peut que regretter cette décision. De fait, elle pourrait 
entre autres impacter nos rel ations commerciales futures car la modernisation de notre accord de 
libre-échange, qui figurait parmi les objectifs de l'accord -cadre, ne s'est pas concrétisée. Toutefois, 
l'Union  européenne est prête à reprendre ses efforts pour renouer le dialogue avec l es autorités 
suisses afin de trouver des solutions durables et mutuellement bénéfiques aux questions pour 
lesquelles l'Accord -cadre institutionnel était amené à trouver des réponses, y compris une 
actualisation de l'Accord de libre -échange qui date de 1972 . Pour cela, nous attendons du Conseil 
fédéral suisse un engagement politique clair et sans ambiguïté dans ce dossier et dans d'autres 
questions clés de notre relation bilatérale.  
4.154.   Au-delà, la pandémie a souligné l'importance de maintenir la coopération mo ndiale et le 
multilatéralisme. Nous saluons nos efforts conjoints, et remercions la Suisse pour sa bonne 
coopération en vue de trouver des solutions durables aux multiples défis du système commercial 
multilatéral. Je pense à la réponse à la crise sanitaire  et à la réforme de l'OMC. Cette réforme 
témoigne d'une volonté commune de garder l'OMC pertinente pour les défis du XXIe siècle. 
Parallèlement, nous apprécions l'engagement dans les négociations entre autres sur les questions 
liées à l'agriculture, la séc urité alimentaire et la pêche qui comptent parmi les objectifs clés de la 
douzième Conférence ministérielle de l'OMC.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.155.   Pour conclure, nous espérons que nos relations bilatérales seront à la hauteur de l'intégration 
très profonde de nos économies. L'Union  européenne souhaite un examen constructif et deux jours 
d'échanges riches à la Suisse et au Liechtenstein. Je vous remercie pour votre attention.  
COSTA  RICA 
4.156.   Al igual que otros, Costa  Rica, quisiera dar una calurosa bienvenida a las delegaciones de 
Suiza y Liechtenstein y agradecerles por su informe y la presentación esta mañana. De igual forma, 
quisiera agradecer al ponente Embajador Hung  Seng Tan por sus comentarios y a la Secretaría de 
la OMC por el informe elaborado.  
4.157.   Costa  Rica se complace en participar en este sexto examen conjunto de  las p olíticas 
comerciales de Suiza y Liechtenstein. Con ambos países, Costa  Rica tiene en vigor un Tratado de 
Libre Comercio desde el año 2014, como parte del acuerdo comercial negociado con los Estados de 
la Asociación Europea de Libre Comercio (AELC). En el último decenio, el comercio con este bloque 
creció un promedio anual de 7 ,8%. 
4.158.   Costa  Rica quisiera resaltar el valor que tanto Suiza como Liechtenstein le otorgan a la OMC, 
así como su apoyo decidido al sistema multilateral del comercio, reflejado en su liderazgo de Suiza 
como coordinador de Friends of the System. Saludamos la participació n de ambos en las iniciativas 
conjuntas como la de comercio electrónico ; la reglamentación nacional en el ámbito  de los servicios ; 
la facilitación de inversiones ; la contaminación producida por los plásticos y el comercio de plásticos 
ambientalmente sosten ible; mipymes ; y comercio y sostenibilidad ambiental.  
4.159.   En relación con este examen, rescatamos la estabilidad económica y la resiliencia mostrada 
por ambos países frente a la crisis sanitaria generada por la COVID -19. A pesar de su impacto 
económico import ante, la implementación de políticas públicas adecuadas y oportunas ha logrado 
reducir los efectos negativos en su economía, al mismo tiempo protegiendo adecuadamente la salud 
de su población. En particular, la implementación por parte de ambos países, de políticas orientadas 
hacia la integración comercial internacional tuvieron una incidencia positiva en ese aspecto.  
4.160.   Hemos notado con interés las ambiciosas reformas que está llevando a cabo Suiza en sus 
procedimientos aduaneros, que prevén la simplificació n sistemática y la digitalización plena de todos 
sus procedimientos aduaneros de aquí a finales de 2026 y la introducción de un sistema de ventanilla 
único plenamente operativo que servirá para afrontar adecuadamente los desafíos asociados con el 
increment o en el tráfico de mercancías.  
4.161.   En materia de propiedad intelectual e innovación, Suiza sigue siendo un referente a nivel 
mundial, ubicándose en la primera posición en el índice de Competitividad Global establecido por el 
Foro Económico Mundial, así como e n el índice Mundial de Innovación de la OMPI. Las modificaciones 
introducidas a su legislación de propiedad intelectual durante este periodo seguirán contribuyendo 
a que Suiza mantenga esas posiciones de privilegio y que la competitividad de productos 
emblemáticos en sectores como la relojería, los instrumentos de precisión y la industria química y 
farmacéutica, siga vigente.  
4.162.   Adicionalmente, resaltamos los esfuerzos realizados por ambos países por promover la 
eficiencia energética y el uso de energías reno vables. Saludamos los compromisos ambiciosos de 
reducción de emisiones de gases de efectos invernadero que ambos países asumieron en el marco 
del Acuerdo de París. Suiza y Costa  Rica participan activamente en las negociaciones relativas al 
Acuerdo sobre Ca mbio Climático, Comercio y Sostenibilidad (ACCTS), que tiene como uno de sus 
objetivos principales poner de manifiesto que las políticas comerciales y ambientales se pueden 
complementar y apoyar de forma recíproca.  
4.163.   Finalmente, en materia agrícola, hay esp acio para mejoras. Suiza sigue manteniendo un 
amplio y complejo sistema de apoyo a su sector agrícola, con ayudas internas y medidas en frontera. 
Seguiremos con interés los pasos que dé Suiza hacia un comercio agrícola orientado al mercado y 
para aumentar la competitividad y la productividad de este sector a largo plazo.  
4.164.   Costa  Rica presentó preguntas relacionadas con la implementación de sus programas sobre 
procedimientos aduaneros. Quisiera agradecer la atención que han dado a estas preguntas, y 
desearles muchos éxitos en este examen.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  JAPAN  
4.165.   Japan welcomes the delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein, hea ded by Ambassador 
Markus  Schlagenhof, Delegate of the Federal Council for Trade Agreements , and Ambassador 
Kurt Jäger , Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein  in Geneva . 
4.166.   Japan would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat and the Government s of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein f or their reports submitted for this Review process  and the discuss ant Ambassador 
Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore for his insightful remarks . 
4.167.   We would like to express our  gratitude to Ambassador Didier  Chambovey  for his efforts as 
the Chair of the General Council, as there is Switzerland's tremendous contribution as the host 
country of the WTO and this  time hosting MC 12. 
4.168.   Turning to the trade aspect s of Switzerland  and Liechtenstein . First of all, we would like to 
welcome the recovery of the Swiss economy with its trade volume in 2021, both in imports and in 
exports, increasing by more than 10% from the previous year . Exports especially , according to some 
reports , have reached the record high since statistics began to be recorded in 1985 . 
4.169.   Taking this opportunity  Japan would like to highlight  the following two issues . 
4.170.   First, our bilateral economic relationship with Switze rland and Liechtenstein , Japan has been 
traditionally enjoyi ng trendy relations based  on economic cooperation, trade continues to be an 
important part of th at cooperation. This was being affirmed  during the visit of the President and 
Foreign Minister of Sw itzerland, Mr  Cassis to Japan  in a meeting with our Prime Minister  
Fumio  Kishida in Tokyo.  
4.171.   Second, we would like to highlight the importance through the important role of Switzerland 
in the multilateral trading system. Japan would like to extend its appreciation to Switzerland for the 
significant role it plays in maintaining  and enhancing the system in all areas. We are especially 
grateful to Switzerland for the leading role it has played in the agricultural negotiation as a 
coordinator of the G 10, a group of net food to import ing Members. We are also working with other 
like-minded Members on joint proposals to improve transparency and to clarify rules in export 
controls of agricultural products.  
4.172.   The serious impact on global food supply, including the disruption of food supply chains, and 
soaring agricultural commodity prices, caused by th e Russian  Federation 's aggression against 
Ukraine has made the export restrictive measures  agenda more important than ever, maintaining 
open trade and ensuring transpa rent and predictable agricultural trade are crucial for the food 
security of importing Members and  we hope to continue to work together to achieve concrete results . 
4.173.    Japan believes that the GSI approach is vital to improving and enhancing the functioning o f 
the WTO.  We value the active p articipation of Switzerland in the Joint Statement Initiatives , including 
those on e -commerce, investment facilitation for development , and MSMEs . Japan also appreciates 
Switzerland's active engagement in  other WTO discussio ns or broader agenda. We would like to 
continue cooperation with Switzerland and Liechtenstein  in a wide range of areas.  
4.174.   In conclusion, Japan appreciates the active participation of th ese two  countries  on their TPR 
and contribute to the WTO agenda as a wh ole. We wish the delegation of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein a successful and fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
PHILIPPINES  
4.175.   At the outset, the Philippines warmly welcomes and congratulates the delegations led by 
Ambassador Markus  Schlagenhof and Ambassador Did ier Chambovey of Switzerland, and 
Ambassador Kurt  Jäger of Liechtenstein on their sixth joint Trade Policy Review. We also thank 
Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore for his insightful comments as discussant, and the WTO 
Secretariat for a comprehensive report.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.176.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are among the top high -per capita income countries in the 
world that are very well integrated into international trade. They are both strong advocates of 
economic integration and trade liberalization. The  close economic cooperation between the 
two countries is reflected in more than 100  bilateral treaties, the most important of them being the 
Customs Union Treaty and the Currency Union Treaty, which will have its 100th anniversary next 
year.  
4.177.   The two  count ries form a customs union, and their policies are aligned in many areas. Over 
the years, both countries continue to negotiate and conclude bilateral and regional preferential 
agreements that complement and support the multilateral trading system. Both econ omies are 
members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) under the auspices of which they have 
concluded an extensive range of RTAs with 39  economies, including the Philippines. Most of these 
free trade agreements are negotiated, concluded, and admi nistered in association with the other 
EFTA member States, namely Norway and Iceland.  
4.178.   The Philippines successfully concluded the Free Trade Agreement with the EFTA in April  2016 
and it entered into force in June  2018. This FTA provided greater market acce ss and increased trade 
between the Philippines and the EFTA member States. It particularly eliminates customs duties on 
all imports of non -agricultural products and some imports of agricultural products from the 
Philippines into Switzerland and Liechtenste in. 
4.179.   This year marks the 65th anniversary of the establishment of Philippines -Switzerland 
diplomatic relations. Switzerland ranked as the Philippines ' 26th trading partner in 2021 with total 
bilateral trade amounting to US D 848.15  million. Philippine export s to Switzerland increased by 
17.28% from US D 450.40  million in 2020 to US D 528.22  million in 2021. Major exports of the 
Philippines to Switzerland are medical instruments, mineral compounds, electrical machines, and 
other machinery. Meanwhile, despite the  pandemic, Philippine imports from Switzerland only 
marginally decreased by 0.30% from US D 320.89  million in 2020 to US D 319.92  million in 2021. 
Major Swiss exports to the Philippines include wristwatches, pharmaceuticals, parts of semiconductor 
devices, t obacco, and agricultural products like cheese and chocolate.  
4.180.   A Joint Economic Commission (JEC) was established between the Philippines and Switzerland 
in June  2013 to further invigorate the Philippine -Swiss bilateral trade relations and pave the way for 
closer economic cooperation in various areas of mutual interest. Presently, there are over 60  Swiss 
companies present in the Philippines employing around 15,000 Filipinos. About one -third or 28% of 
these Swiss companies belong to the industrial sector, whi le 72% are in the service sector.  
4.181.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are both active Members of the WTO. The two countries attach 
high importance to a strong, transparent, and predictable rules based multilateral trading system. 
They believe in the crucial role  of the WTO in responding to the realities and needs of the globalized 
economy. They are committed to further strengthening the multilateral trading system and support 
the various joint initiatives on MSMEs ; electronic commerce ; services domestic regulation ; trade and 
gender ; and trade and environmental sustainability. In addition, Switzerland participates in the JSI 
on investment facilitation for development.  
4.182.   The Philippines commends both countries ' support in the integration of developing countri es 
into the global economy, particularly by strengthening the export capabilities of MSMEs of designated 
partner countries to be able to participate in international trade.  
4.183.   The Philippines notes the significant developments in the economic policies of Swi tzerland 
and Liechtenstein, and we appreciate the opportunity to learn more about these policies through 
this Trade Policy Review. Our delegation has submitted advance written questions and we thank the 
delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein for thei r timely responses.  
4.184.   In closing, the Philippines looks forward to further enhancing the mutually beneficial 
economic relations with Switzerland and Liechtenstein in the bilateral, regional, and multilateral fora.  
REPUBLIC  OF KOREA  
4.185.   I would like to join othe rs in extending a warm welcome to the delegations of Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein for their sixth Trade Policy Review. I would especially like to thank Ambassador WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  Markus  Schlagenhof, Federal Council Delegate for Trade Agreements, and Ambassador Kurt  Jäger  
of Liechtenstein in Geneva for their comprehensive presentations. My appreciation also goes to 
Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore for his insightful comments as discussant,  and to the 
Secretariat for its informative Report . In addition , I take this opp ortunity to express my special 
thanks to Ambassador Didier  Chambovey of Switzerland for the contribution he is making. to the 
work of the WTO including as the Chair of the General Council . 
4.186.   The economic relations between Korea and Switzerland have continued to deepen since the 
FTA between Korea and the EFTA came into force in 2006, despite COVID -19 and ensuing global 
supply chains disruptions, the valuable bilateral trade reached a record level in  2021, amounting to 
approximately USD 4.2 billion. Korea is Switzerland's seventh  largest export market in Asia as 
over 2020. 
4.187.   Bilateral investment  has also increased substantially with Korean enterprises investment in 
electric products and R&D and Swiss companies' investment in pharmaceutical and finance.  In 
particular , Switzerland's cumulative investment in Korea reached almost USD 3.3 billion in 2021.  
4.188.   With regard to Liechtenstein, I am pleased to note that, while modest,  our bilateral trade 
volume is steadily increasing reaching USD 30 million in 2021. My Government looks forward to 
continuing to work together with EFTA members  so as to improve our business  environment under 
the FTA . 
4.189.   From a trade policy perspective, as the Secretariat's Report noted Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein are both well integrated i nto international trade and are open to foreign investment.  
In recent years, the GDP growth of both countries has increased to some extent due to the hesitant  
decline to some extent due to COVID -19 pandemic . However, the prompt response from the 
Government s prevented the academic from having long -term negative impacts on the economy.  
Along with such responses both countries adopted policies aimed at promoting a substantial 
sustainable and circular economy including strategies to promote energy efficiencies  and 
implemented new reforms on the corporate in come tax. Switzerland also amended its laws on 
competition and public procurement.  
4.190.   I appreciate the strong support Switzerland and Liechtenstein  have rendered to the 
multilateral trading system, furthermore, both countries are participating in the JSIs for domestic 
regulations, e -commerce and MSMEs, and supporte d gender and trade initiative . Switzerland is also 
taking part in the GSI on investment facilitation.  
4.191.   I commend Switzerland for playing a constructive  role in many different areas of the WTO 
negotiations, Ambassador Chambovey has successfully presided over the Dispute Settlement Body 
and is now leading us in the General Council as we are making our final preparations for the 
upcoming MC12. Switzerland h as contributed to facilitating discussions on global trade issues by 
hosting the World Economic Forum annual meetings in Davos which we will resume next week after 
two years of lapse . Switzerland continues to make approach to facilitate agricultural negoti ations as 
coordinator of the G10. Korea appreciates the role Switzerland has played in highlighting the 
importance of taking into account sustainability and non -trade concerns in the WTO's agricultural 
negotiations.  
4.192.   Recently, Switzerland has decided not t o sign on  Institutional Framework Agreement with 
the European  Union, following the decision, transitional provisions have been adopted for certain 
products, including medical devices, replacing the existing mutual recognition arrangement.  We look 
forward to possible updates in the recent regulations, as some of our companies, medical devices, 
manufacturers in particular have raised the concerns over new requirements in such transitional 
provisions that impose additional burden on foreign companies in terms of cost and time . 
4.193.    My delegation has submitted written questions  and I thank Switzerland for the answers 
provided and  will study them carefully .  
4.194.   Korea appreciates the support of Switzerland and Liechtenstein for robust multilateral 
trading system  and appreciates both WTO Members' active participation and contribution in our 
collective efforts to respond to challenges posed on this system.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.195.   My delegation looks forward to working closely with Switzerland and Liechtenstein  for the 
success of MC 12 and beyond . I would like to express my deep appreciation to the Swiss and 
Liechtenstein d elegations  for their hard work and wish them every success in this TPR . 
ARGENTINA  
4.196.   Quisiéramos sumarnos a los Miembros que han dado la bienvenida a la delegación de Suiza, 
encabezada por el Embajador Markus  Schlagenhof; y a la delegación de Liechtenstein, encabezada 
por el Embajador Kurt  Jäger.  
4.197.   Agradecemos los informes preparados por Suiza y Liechtenstein y por la Secretaría, que nos 
brindaron un panorama completo de las pol íticas comerciales de estos Miembros. Damos las gracias 
asimismo al Embajador Hung Seng Tan por sus observaciones y comentarios, que nos han permitido 
profundizar nuestro conocimiento sobre las prácticas comerciales de Suiza y Liechtenstein y sobre 
el ento rno económico en el que operan.  
4.198.   El comercio bilateral de la Argentina y Suiza fue de USD 1.486 millones en el 2021, un 3% 
de crecimiento interanual. El intercambio de bienes ha sido tradicionalmente superavitario para la 
Argentina. Nuestro país exporta principalmente productos agropecuarios como vino , carnes y 
productos lácteos. Las exportaciones de Suiza a nuestro país, a su vez, se concentran en productos 
farmacéuticos, químicos y maquinarias.  
4.199.   Suiza es un importante inversor en la Argentina, oc upando el séptimo lugar como inversor 
extranjero en nuestro país. Más de 70  empresas suizas están presentes en Argentina principalmente 
en el sector de las oleaginosas y cereales, plástico y petróleo. Mi delegación desea destacar el 
potencial de expansión de las inversiones a otros sectores que pueden ser de mutuo interés como 
las energías limpias.  
4.200.   El flujo comercial entre la Argentina y Liechtenstein se encuentra aún lejos de su potencial. 
En 2017 registró un valor total de casi USD 1,5 millones. Creemos que existen grandes 
oportunidades para la diversificación del comercio entre nuestros países. En concreto, vemos 
oportunidades para el intercambio comercial de vino fino embotellado.  
4.201.   Siendo una economía largamente dependiente de su comercio internacional, notamos el 
impacto que la pandemia de COVID -19 tuvo en la economía suiza. No obstante, celebramos que la 
fortaleza de su macroeconomía le permitiera una recuperación rápida y considerable en comparación 
con otros países desarrollados.  
4.202.   Asimismo, destacamos  las medidas adoptadas por Suiza para hacer frente a los 
desequilibrios de la pandemia de COVID -19 y mantener su lugar entre las economía más 
competitivas del mundo. Al igual que la Argentina, Suiza le otorga gran importancia a las pymes, 
que son un pilar central de la economía y una de las principales fuentes de empleo. Por ello, 
destacamos las medidas adoptadas para frenar el impacto de la crisis sanitaria en las pymes, que 
forman parte de la estrategia económica de Suiza, junto con el fomento de la innov ación y el respeto 
del medio ambiente.  
4.203.   Después de tres años de crecimiento del PIB real, Liechtenstein se vio, al igual que Suiza, 
afectado por la crisis económica mundial producto de la pandemia. Confiamos en que el Gobierno 
de Liechtenstein adoptará las  medidas necesarias para volver a poner al país en el sendero del 
crecimiento.  
4.204.   Además, cabe destacar que Suiza y Liechtenstein son países que trabajan de manera 
responsable y constructiva para fortalecer el sistema multilateral de comercio basado en normas  y 
que, al mismo tiempo, buscan complementar ese sistema con una amplia red de acuerdos 
comerciales que proyectan sus economías en el resto del mundo.  
4.205.   Asimismo, la Argentina desea resaltar los aportes de Suiza en las negociaciones en curso en 
el marco de esta Organización, así como también su valiosa participación en el Consejo de los ADPIC.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.206.   Aprovechamos también esta ocasión para subrayar que la Argentina desea continuar 
expandiendo las relaciones comerciales con Suiza y Liechtenstein. En este sen tido, destacamos que 
nuestros países se encuentran negociando un acuerdo de libre comercio en su carácter de socios de 
EFTA y el MERCOSUR, en el que se está trabajando en ciertas cuestiones técnicas pendientes y la 
revisión legal.  
4.207.   Por último, y en el marc o de este examen de política comercial, hemos presentado preguntas 
a Suiza y Liechtenstein sobre reglamentación aduanera, aranceles a productos agropecuarios y 
ayudas al sector agrícola, medidas no arancelarias, derechos de propiedad intelectual, entre otr os 
temas. Agradecemos las respuestas recibidas, las cuales están siendo analizadas en detalle por 
nuestra capital.  
4.208.   Además de reiterar nuestro reconocimiento por esta nueva oportunidad de intercambiar 
consideraciones sobre las prácticas comerciales de Suiza  y Liechtenstein, permítanos señalar, una 
vez más, la relevancia de este ejercicio de transparencia en todos sus aspectos y desear a las 
autoridades de Suiza y Liechtenstein una exitosa conclusión del presente examen.  
NEW ZEALAND  
4.209.   New Zealand welcomes this opportunity to comment of the sixth Trade Policy Review of both 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein. We would like to thank both the WTO Secretariat and the 
Governments of both Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their work in preparing this Review.  
4.210.   While New  Zealand and Switzerland have by and large a modest trading relationship, we 
share a positive foundation of shared interests and bilateral cooperation.  
4.211.   We commend both Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their continued support of the WTO, 
and by extension rules -based, transparent, and free trade. In trying times such as these, where 
reliable access to food is threatened by pandemics, conflict and the impacts of climate change , it is 
all the more important that we continue to defend and strengthen the multilateral  system. Trade 
has a vital role to play in contributing to global food security and economic development. We 
appreciate your continued commitment in this regard.  
4.212.   New Zealand further acknowledges both Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their resilience in 
the wake of the COVID -19 pandemic. New  Zealand shares the sentiment of Switzerland, that 
multilateral and open trade played a key role in the global economic recovery from the effects of the 
pandemic.  
4.213.   We commend Switzerland on its efforts to promote open markets for industrial products. We 
note at this point that agriculture remains the most protected sector globally, and that all countries 
stand to benefit from reforms to agriculture trade rules, to decrease distortions and provide for 
greater food securi ty. For this reason, we encourage Switzerland and Liechtenstein to continue to 
engage constructively in agriculture negotiations at the WTO, and to undertake similar 
market -oriented reforms in its agriculture sector.  
4.214.   New Zealand also commends Switzerland f or its efforts regarding sustainable trade and the 
environment, where we have shared interests. We appreciate Switzerland 's continued engagement 
on this issue in a number of fora, including  through plurilateral avenues such as the Agreement on 
Climate Chan ge, Trade and Sustainability (ACCTS) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. 
Climate change is a global challenge, and we hope that these shared ambitions can be further 
discussed in the WTO context in future.  
4.215.   In conclusion, the reports by both the WTO Secretariat and the Governments of Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein demonstrate their continuing support for free trade, the environment, and the 
WTO. New  Zealand is looking forward to continuing to collaborate with both in the future through 
the WTO and othe r fora. 
  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  MÉXICO  
4.216.   Es un honor para la delegación mexicana participar en el sexto examen de las políticas 
comerciales de Suiza y Liechtenstein. Damos una afectuosa bienvenida a ambas delegaciones, 
encabezadas respectivamente por el distinguido Embajador Mark us Schlagenhof y el Embajador 
Kurt Jäger.  
4.217.   Suiza cuenta con una economía sólida, muy eficiente y orientada al mercado, lo que le ha 
redituado en tener un entorno de negocios estable y seguro.  
4.218.   Felicitamos a Suiza y a Liechtenstein por sus condiciones econó micas favorables, y que , 
debido a sus sólidas reservas financieras y a la respuesta inmediata del Gobierno, no se prevé que 
la pandemia tenga efectos negativos en las perspectivas económicas a mediano y largo plazo. 
Asimismo, ha mantenido niveles favorable s de variables económicas como la inflación y el 
desempleo, situándose entre los primeros lugares en el ranking de la OECD.  
4.219.   Esto, aunado a políticas encaminadas a fomentar la economía del conocimiento, ha llevado 
a que sus sociedades cuenten con una calida d de vida alta, acompañada de niveles elevados de 
productividad industrial, educación y salud.  
4.220.   Sus economías de mercado son modernas con una fuerza laboral altamente calificada y un 
PIB per  cápita entre los más altos del mundo.  
4.221.   Su economía se beneficia de  un sector de servicios altamente desarrollado, liderado por los 
servicios financieros, y una industria manufacturera especializada en la producción de alta tecnología 
basada en el conocimiento.  
4.222.   Así también, Suiza y Liechtenstein se encuentran entre las ec onomías más competitivas del 
mundo, entre otros factores, debido a su estabilidad económica y política, un sistema legal 
transparente, una infraestructura excepcional, mercados de capital eficientes y tasas impositivas 
corporativas bajas.  
4.223.   Deseamos destaca r el espíritu siempre constructivo y a favor del fortalecimiento del sistema 
multilateral de comercio que Suiza ha tenido en esta casa. Lo que ha logrado trasladar a través de 
su liderazgo en el grupo de los "Amigos del Sistema " y su activa y comprometida participación en el 
Grupo de Ottawa.  
4.224.   Suiza y México coincidimos en la necesidad de buscar alternativas para profundizar ciertas 
disciplinas entre aquellos Miembros que estén en condiciones de hacerlo, por lo tanto, ambos 
participamos en las Iniciativas Con juntas de Facilitación de las Inversiones, Reglamentación Nacional 
en el Ámbito de los Servicios, así como en la de Comercio Electrónico.  
4.225.   México espera seguir colaborando muy de cerca con Suiza en las diferentes actividades que 
nos unen en pro del fortalecimiento del Sistema Multilateral del Comercio.  
4.226.   Aplaudimos los trabajos de Suiza para adoptar estrategias para transformar digitalmente lo s 
servicios del Estado y hacerlos más eficientes y rentables. Así como sus esfuerzos para que en el 
marco de su proceso de reforma aduanera sea introducido un sistema de ventanilla única, que 
permitirá, entre otras cosas, que los importadores y los exporta dores soliciten permisos a través de 
la plataforma.  
4.227.   No obstante, a pesar de estos importantes y destacados esfuerzos, Suiza se enfrenta a 
algunos desafíos asociados, entre otros, a:  
• la limitada mano de obra calificada en tecnologías de la información, especialmente en los 
sectores de la ingeniería y la ciberseguridad, que podría afectar la transformación digital de 
las empresas;  
• los cambios demográficos, principalmente el envejecimiento  de su población, lo que afecta 
a la productividad y el  saldo fiscal del Gobierno.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  • Suiza ocupa los primeros puestos en diversos índices, se situó por debajo del promedio en 
el indicador de la OCDE sobre reglamentación de sus mercados y de intervención estatal.  
• en cuanto a la agricultura, de acuerdo con el re porte de la Secretaría, la protección a través 
de aranceles y subsidios están entre los más grandes de la Membresía. Aunado a un régimen 
comercial con elevados obstáculos al comercio y la complejidad en sus aranceles.  
4.228.   Antes de concluir, queremos agradecer a la delegación de Suiza los trabajos que realizó para 
este su sexto examen de las políticas comerciales y su esfuerzo en responder a las preguntas que 
le formulamos. Les deseamos el mejor de los éxitos como resultado de este proceso.  
RUSSIAN  FEDERATION  
4.229.   The Russia n Federation  welcomes the sixth joint T rade Policy Review  of Switzerland and 
Lichtenstein, as well as the opportunity to engage in a frank discussion on their trade policy.  
4.230.   We note that Switzerland has always demonstrated unwavering support for th e multilateral 
trading system. The Swiss delegation engaged constructively in negotiations, helped to build 
consensus on several key issues, participated in important initiatives. We praise the role of 
Switzerland as the host country of the WTO, and in par ticular, the efforts of the Swiss Government 
to convene MC12 in Geneva, in spite of many regulatory, organizational and logistical hurdles.  
4.231.   Personal contribution of Ambassador Chambovey, including in his current position of the 
General Council  Chair, is co mmendable. Switzerland was one of the systemically -thinking Members 
that in October last year launched in the GC a joint communication "seeking to protect and 
strengthen the WTO " (WT/GC/W/827/Rev.2). The Russia n Federation  believed in this inspiring 
statem ent and co -sponsored the initiative. To our dismay, it took less than half a year for Switzerland 
to go back on its word and let itself be persuaded to put political considerations above its faith in 
multilateral rules -based principles.  
4.232.   Until recently, we were quite satisfied with the development of bilateral trade and economic 
affairs with Switzerland. In 2021, the overall trade turnover between our States increased by 10.2% 
compared to the previous year and amounted to USD  6.16 billion. This was a promising figure that, 
along with successful investment cooperation and close ties between our business communities, 
could have contributed significantly to the well -being of our peoples. Unfortunately, Switzerland has 
chosen economic confrontation a nd introduced a number of unilateral trade restrictions, abandoning 
its neutrality policy and engaging itself in a political conflict for the first time since 1815.  
4.233.   Both Switzerland and Lichtenstein have introduced a large number of restrictive measures 
against the Russia n Federation , which include bans on goods and services related to maritime and 
avia navigation, as well as closure of their airspace for Russian  Federation's  planes. Bans were also 
applied to exports and imports of a wide range of goods, i ncluding fertilizers. Although both countries 
under review could try to excuse their actions through national security considerations, it is evident 
for all that their measures are incompatible with the WTO book and spirit.  
4.234.   Switzerland and Lichtenstein, al ong with other western States, profess that their sanctions 
are aimed exclusively at the Russian "elites " and do not inflict any collateral damage. In reality, 
unilateral restrictive measures triggered a massive scale back of operation of Swiss companies o n 
the Russian market, including in the food and pharma sectors, that led to loss of jobs and suspension 
of production of important goods. All of this has a disproportionate effect on common people, 
violating fundamental human rights and amounting to collec tive punishment.  
4.235.   In light of the recent economic measures introduced against my country, we hope that 
Switzerland will continue to diligently honour its obligations as the host country of the WTO, which 
is especially important in relation to the upcoming M C12. 
4.236.   To conclude. The relations between our countries are at a historical low point. The good thing 
is that the only direction from this is upwards. I hope that in time we will be able to overcome the 
current difficulties and get back on track of mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.237.   On behalf of Her Majesty 's Government, I am pleased to welcome the joint delegation of 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein, represented by their Excellenc ies Mr  Markus  Schlagenhof and 
Mr Kurt Jäger , respe ctively.  
4.238.   I am also grateful to the Governments of Switzerland and Liechtenstein and to colleagues 
from the WTO Secretariat for their respective reports, and to the Chair and our discussant, 
H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan, Ambassador of Singapore, for facilitating  this sixth joint Trade Policy 
Review. The United  Kingdom wishes to reiterate our ongoing support for trade policy reviews, and 
the continued value of, this important transparency exercise to ask questions and learn more about 
the trade policy of other WTO  Members.  
4.239.   The United  Kingdom, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein enjoy a close and historic relationship. 
Notably, predating our past Membership of the European  Union, the United  Kingdom was, along with 
Switzerland, one of the founding members of EFTA, to whic h Liechtenstein consequently acceded 
in 1991.  We continue to enjoy thriving bilateral trading relationships with both countries, which 
currently stands at GBP 38.4 billion (Switzerland) and GBP  122 million (Liechtenstein)  annually 
according to data from the United  Kingdom Office of National Statistics.  
4.240.   The United  Kingdom has always been impressed with Switzerland's internationally 
competitive business environment and its effective regulatory and innovation ecosystem. 
Switzerland's resilience to weather the COVID -19 crisis was due in part to a high degree of 
international openness, well established cooperation with partners, and a diversified economic 
structure.  
4.241.   The United  Kingdom and Switzerland are aligned in a number of  areas including our support 
for the WTO. The United  Kingdom commends Switzerland's ongoing support to strengthen the role 
and relevance of the WTO.  
4.242.   The United  Kingdom also wishes to align itself to comments made in Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein's Report o n the importance of reducing gaps in the level of development between 
nations, promoting the further integration of developing countries into the global economy, and 
prioritising sustainable economic development. The United  Kingdom therefore appreciates 
Switzerland 's involvement in the Aid for Trade Initiative since its inception in 2005. Addressing the 
unintended negative consequences of globali zation will be an existential challenge for all Members 
of the WTO, however it is important that we do not allow the successes of globali zation to be undone 
by the challenges in the current global trading system, particularly exacerbated by COVID -19 and 
Russia n Federation 's invasion of Ukraine.  
4.243.   In addressing the similarities between our nations, it would be remiss to  overlook our shared 
commitment to supporting innovative industries, with the UK and Switzerland forming part of the 
top five innovative members according to the World Intellectual Property Office Global Innovation 
Index. Many pharmaceutical and biomedical  companies are centred in both Switzerland and the 
United  Kingdom, utilising our strong business environments, competitive workforces, and innovative 
sectors which characteri ze our trade in high value -added products and services, and which 
demonstrates the  exceptional competitiveness of our universities and highly skilled workforces.  
4.244.   Considering our shared priorities, the United  Kingdom welcomes the constructive approach 
that Switzerland took in ensuring continuity for our trading relations through the sig ning of our Trade 
Continuity Agreement (which also includes trade in goods with Liechtenstein) and Services Mobility 
Agreement, both of which entered into force on 1  January  2021. Our FTA with Norway, Iceland and 
Liechtenstein, which also entered into forc e on 1  January  2021, covers our trade in services 
relationship with Liechtenstein. This has ensured stability for businesses.  
4.245.   Switzerland have also been constructive partners in our Joint Committee, including on 
Decision No . 2/2021 amending the Appendix t o Annex  1 of the Trade Agreement, signed on 
16 July 2021, that provides certainty for businesses in regard to the bilateral cumulation of EU 
content in goods. There has also been constructive engagement between the UK and Switzerland 
through our Agricultur e Joint Committee.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.246.   The United  Kingdom is looking forward to building on the bilateral trading relationship with 
Switzerland through a comprehensive and modernised FTA, on which the United  Kingdom launched 
a public consultation on 28  April 2022 that will la st until 22  June 2022.  
4.247.   However, the United  Kingdom is concerned to note issues relating to high Swiss household 
debt, which the Secretariat report places at 130% of GDP, among the highest in the world. Concerns 
of overheating and heightened risk to the re al estate and mortgage market, and the potential 
knock -on effect to Swiss financial stability, will be a significant domestic challenge in following years.  
4.248.   The United  Kingdom will watch with interest how Switzerland moves to redress its fall in the 
World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index. Further to this, the United  Kingdom notes the slight 
improvement in Switzerland's position in the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index. However, 
the United  Kingdom will be interested to see how Switzerland addresses reported issues in regard 
to standardising complex and differing requirements to do business across the cantons. In particular, 
the United  Kingdom is keen to understand how Switzerland sees the possibility of liberali zing cross 
border service sup ply as a means to mitigate possible reduced business mobility post COVID -19.  
4.249.   Additionally, gender imbalances within the Swiss job market (higher in the private sector)  
continue to be of issue, though the United  Kingdom has been pleased to note changes to Federal 
Law in this space. Switzerland has supported important multilateral progress towards increased 
gender equality, and this would be an excellent area to address domestically. Additionally, both 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein report an ongoing lack of dynamism in productivity.  
4.250.   The United  Kingdom is careful to note that, comparatively, Liechtenstein, despite its strong 
economic position, is more sensitive to international shocks due to the small size of its economy and 
thus lessened ability to mitigate these shocks with domestic demand.  
4.251.   The United  Kingdom remains among Switzerland's main origins of imports as well as a 
significant destination for exports. Furthermore, the United  Kingdom continues to be among the 
principle individual country markets for Swiss services exports and a major source of Swiss services 
imports.  
4.252.   The United  Kingdom would like to acknowledge importance that Switzerland draws attention 
to of simple procedures and legal certainty in market access for MSMEs, as well as the reduction o f 
technical barriers to trade. Simple regulations that are easy to apply and which are transparent are 
necessary to the success of MSMEs and the United  Kingdom is pleased to see Switzerland's progress 
in this space.  
4.253.   In closing, the United  Kingdom thanks o ur counterparts from Switzerland and Liechtenstein 
for their continued engagement in this review body. The United  Kingdom looks forward to building 
on this momentum and developing our strong relationships even further, and we wish them a 
successful sixth T rade Policy Review.  
MALAYSIA  
4.254.   Malaysia is pleased to take part in the sixth Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein and would like to extend a warm welcome to:  Ambassador Markus  Schlagenhof, 
Federal Council Delegate for Trade Agreements of Swit zerland and his delegation;  Ambassador 
Didier  Chambovey, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the WTO;  
Ambassador Kurt  Jäger, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein.  I would also 
like to thank the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore, for providing an 
insightful analysis.  
4.255.   Malaysia takes note of both Switzerland and Liechtenstein's updated policies and initiatives 
implemented, despite the many economic challenges faced during the review period. We have  taken 
the opportunity to go through both the Secretariat and Government Reports prepared by Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein and would greatly appreciate some clarifications about some of the trade policies 
and government initiatives.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.256.   Malaysia and Switzerlan d have long shared trade relations, going back to the 1980s. Bilateral 
trade figures in 2021 shows that Switzerland is Malaysia's largest trading partner, export destination 
and import source among the four European Free Trade Area (EFTA) countries. Malays ia's total trade 
with Switzerland increased by 9.9% to USD  2.33 billion compared to USD  2 billion in 2020. While 
total imports also registered an increase of 26.5% to USD  1.86 billion compared to USD  1.46 billion, 
total exports decreased by 27.5% to USD  471 million.  
4.257.   On the investment front, as of December  2021, a total of 181  manufacturing projects with 
Switzerland's participation had been implemented. The estimated value of the investments is worth 
USD 2.58 billion and have created 17,205  potential emplo yments domestically.  
4.258.   For this current review, Malaysia had submitted written questions on areas such as FDI, tariff 
exemptions and excise, government procurement and IPR, environmental policies and mining.  
4.259.   We would like to take this opportunity to thank th e delegation of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein for responding to our questions and we shall examine the responses with great 
interest.  
4.260.   We wish the delegations of both Members a productive and successful sixth Trade Policy 
Review.  
OMAN  
4.261.   It is a great pleasur e for the delegation of the Sultanate of Oman to participate in the 
sixth Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. We join other WTO Members in 
welcoming H.E.  Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, Delegate of the Federal Council for Trade Agreements and 
head of the delegation of Switzerland. I also welcome H.E.  Mr Kurt Jäger, Ambassado r and 
Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein and head of the delegation of Liechtenstein and their 
distinguished delegations.  
4.262.   I would like to take this opportunity to thank t he WTO Secretariat and the Governments of 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their detailed and comprehensive Trade Policy Review Reports. I 
also thank the discussant  H.E. Mr Hung Seng Tan, Ambassador of Singapore for his pertinent 
remarks.  
4.263.   The Sultanate o f Oman together with Switzerland and Liechtenstein enjoy a friendly 
relationship, which have been strengthened in recent years. Swiss –Omani relations focus on peace 
and security policy, economic affairs and sustainable development. A special emphasis is pl aced on 
promoting stability in both regions.  
4.264.   Oman has concentrated on improving the general conditions for trade in recent years with 
both countries. With Switzerland, Oman has a bilateral agreement on the promotion and reciprocal 
protection of investments  entered into force in 2005, followed by an agreement on the avoidance of 
double taxation of income derived from international air transport in 2009.  
4.265.   On the commercial front, bilateral trade continues to expand, and as the implemented free 
trade agreement  between EFTA and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member States, we look forward 
to continued engagement on trade issues. The total volume of commercial bilateral trade between 
Switzerland and Sultanate of Oman in 2021 was USD 69.13 million , the total import was 
USD 44.70 million and the total exports was USD 24.42 million . 
4.266.   Oman congratulates efforts made by Switzerland and Liechtenstein since previous Trade 
Policy Review in 2017, as noted in the previous Review, foreign exchange interventio ns undertaken 
by the Swiss National Bank (SNB) to prevent appreciation of the Swiss franc from undermining price 
stability have resulted in a large increase in currency reserves since the financial crisis. This trend 
continued during the review period. The  total level of currency reserves increased from 
CHF 603 billion at the end of 2015 to CHF  962 billion at the end of 2020, principally owing to 
purchases of foreign currencies.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.267.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are among the top high -per capita income countrie s in the 
world and are very well integrated into international trade. They both benefit from strong democratic 
institutions, educated populations, and a specialization in value -added production. Their fiscal 
situation is sound and their unemployment is tra ditionally low. Services account for about 
three  quarters of the Swiss economy.  
4.268.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are original Members of the World Trade Organization and are 
actively participating in the Organization activities in general and on different ne gotiations issues 
under DDA.  
4.269.   In the end, we would like to thank the delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein in 
advance for their replies to our questions on specific aspects of their trade policies.  
4.270.   To conclude, the delegation of Oman wishes the deleg ation of Switzerland and Liechtenstein 
a very successful sixth Trade Policy Review.  
UKRAINE  
4.271.   On behalf of Ukraine, I would like to warmly welcome the distinguished delegations of 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein and express our appreciation for the comprehensi ve Report.  
4.272.    The sixth join Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and Liechtenstein offers a good opportunity 
to gain a better understanding of trade, economic and investment policies of these WTO Members, 
including the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic on their economies.  
4.273.   Ukraine is very grateful to Switzerland and Liechtenstein for standing with Ukraine in these 
terrifying times and not remaining indifferent in the face of the unprecedented and illegal aggression 
of the Russian  Federation, for all support and assistance p rovided during the war that continues to 
cause huge human suffering, to destroy infrastructure and to block Ukrainian seaports, threatening 
international trade and food security.  
4.274.   Russian  Federation's open military aggression against Ukraine could rewrite t he world's 
geopolitical landscape. Our country has proved over and over again that it is ready to stand up for 
a democratic world, to defend its principles by all possible means and tools as well as to fulfil its 
international obligations, including taken in the framework of the WTO.  
4.275.   The active position of the countries on the imposition of sanctions and condemnation of 
Russian  Federation's war against Ukraine is a crucial signal of support for us, as well as a 
manifestation of solidarity and confirmation o f the common commitment to the ideals of peace and 
humanism.  
4.276.   Supporting the improvement of the humanitarian situation of the civilian population, 
establishing and intensifying Ukraine's receipt of international technical and financial assistance will 
contribute to the recovery of Ukraine's economy and traditional value chains with European 
countries.  
4.277.   Increased financial support by all democracies, including Switzerland and Liechtenstein, 
should create a proper basis for ensuring stable economic development of Ukraine in the face of 
Russian Federation's military aggression.  
4.278.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are the most -innovative economies in the world. Ukraine is 
looking forward to engage constructively with Switzerland and Liechtenstein during the rebuilding o f 
our economy and the renovation of our IP  system in the aftermath of Russian  Federation's 
aggression based on the experience and good practices available in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, 
with good use of their technical assistance and in full compliance with international standards.  
4.279.   In 2021, Ukrainian – Swiss trade increased almost twice compared to 2020 and amounted 
to USD  3.6 billion. Our trade with Liechtenstein also renewed its growth trend last year with increase 
by 7.4% (to USD  1.9 million) after c ontraction in 2020 because of the pandemic.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.280.   Swiss direct investments to economy of Ukraine amounted to USD  3.9 billion (as of 
31 December  2021) and were heavily concentrated in Ukrainian industry (more than 80%). 
Liechtenstein invested USD  51.9 million and most of the investment also occurred in the Ukraine's 
manufacturing sector (48%) followed by construction (8%).  
4.281.   We are convinced that regardless the disaster in Ukraine made by Russian Federation's 
aggression and available challenges, we can co ntinue developing our trade and economic 
relationships. We consider that the Ukraine – EFTA FTA is an important tool in this regard.  
4.282.   Given the extreme situation in Ukraine and importance of our agricultural sector for providing 
food security, we raised que stions concerning possibilities of deepening our collaboration in areas 
such as agriculture; IP; sharing of know -how and technology; support of MSMEs and start -ups; etc. 
4.283.   I would like to express our gratitude for the responses to our questions.  Ukraine wish es the 
delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein very successful Trade Policy Review and look forward 
to further strengthening our bilateral relations and cooperation.  
TURKEY  
4.284.   We extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Switzerland headed by Ambas sador 
Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, Delegate of Federal Council for Trade  Agreements and delegation of 
Liechtenstein headed by Ambassador Kurt  Jäger.  
4.285.   We would like to thank the Secretariat and the Governments of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein for their detailed Reports as well as discussant Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan of 
Singapore for his invaluable remarks.  We also would like to thank the Governments of Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein for their answers to our questions.  
4.286.   Since previous review in 2017, the Swiss econom y has continued to perform well despite 
the emergence of the COVID -19 pandemic. The p andemic created challenges for monetary policy 
because of the economic downturn, negative inflation, and the strong upward pressure on the Swiss 
franc.  However, the Swiss economy and trade proved to be relatively resilient through state support 
measures during the COVID -19 crisis.  
4.287.   Furthermore, updated foreign economic policy strategy on 24  November  2021 aims to 
strengthen the economy's long -term recovery and address shortc omings in the Swiss economy.  
Liechtenstein 's economy has been also stable and resilient to the effects of global crisis due to the 
pandemic.  
4.288.   Switzerland provides a relatively supportive environment for investors. We hope that 
remaining operation of state monopolies and domicile requirements in some areas will be eliminated 
in near future.  
4.289.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are active Members of WTO . They have pursued their 
engagement across the WTO agenda in support of the multilateral trading system. We are pleased 
to work with them in joint statement initiatives (JSI) of e -commerce, MSMEs and services domestic 
regulation. Switzerland also particip ates in the JSI on IFD.  
4.290.   We attach importance to the further development of our economic and trade relations with 
Switzerland and mutual investments. We believe there is a big potential for economic cooperation.  
4.291.   In 2021, our bilateral trade volume was over  USD 4.3 billion.  We hope that Swiss investment 
would increase in Turkey. With Liechtenstein, due to the pandemic, our already limited bilateral 
trade volume has decreased in 2020. Our trade volume was USD 6.35 million in 2021. We hope to 
bring it to the l evel it deserves. We believe that there are vast trade and investment opportunities 
to explore between our countries. We are ready to work on them.  
4.292.   However, we would like to state that, Turkish construction firms face various difficulties in 
operating in Switzerland. These difficulties are linked to employing workers from non -EU and WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  non-EFTA countries, visa issuance, high cost of domestic labour and issues related to letters of bank 
guarantee.  
4.293.   The updated EFTA -Free Trade Agreement which came into force on  1 October  2021 and 
bilateral agricultural agreement with Switzerland will further benefit trade and economic relations 
between T urkey , Switzerland , and Liechtenstein.  
4.294.   In conclusion, we would like to take this opportunity to thank the delegations of Switz erland 
and Liechtenstein and for the excellent preparation for this Review, as well as their constructive 
contribution to WTO activities. We wish Switzerland and Liechtenstein a successful Trade Policy 
Review.  
ICELAND  
4.295.   It is with pleasure that Iceland welco mes the distinguished delegation s of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein  to the ir Trade Policy Review today. We also express appreciation to the WTO 
Secretariat, as well as L iechtenstein  and Switzerland  for the reports prepared, as well as a discuss ant 
H.E. Mr Hung  Seng Tan, for the excellent framing of the issue for our discussion . 
4.296.   Iceland, Switzerland , Liechtenstein, along with Norway  are all members of the European 
Free Trade Association, we share a successful partnership and cooperation and help toge ther develop 
a wide net of free agreements with partners all over the world.  Iceland along with Norway, enjoys 
fruitful cooperation with Liechtenstein within the European Economic Area which extends the internal 
market of the European  Union to our countrie s 
4.297.   Since the last Trade Policy Review, both countries have felt the economic blow of the 
COVID -19 pan demic.  However , due to prompt  response to counter it, the negative effects are not 
expected to have long -term ramification of the economy.   
4.298.   It is widely recognized that the repercussions of the pandemic hit women much harder than 
men, including when it comes to trade -related issues, the same applies to the disproportional effect  
that other crisis have on women, such as the consequences of the milita ry aggression of the 
Russia n Federation  against Ukraine, which Iceland con demns  in strongest possible terms, including 
the looming food security crisis that we are now confronted with . 
4.299.   Therefore, it is all the more important to address women's economic emp owerment wh ich 
benefits economies in many concrete ways, such as having positive effects on trade as well as  
contributing to increase in economic growth.  
4.300.   Iceland  welcome s the gender -based measures that L iechtenstein and  Switzerland have 
applied and are described in trade policy Reports , as well as the answers to the written questions 
that Iceland  submitted regarding the participation of women in the economy of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein.  The sharing of best practices of respective  experiences relating to policies and 
rule-making  on advancing women's economic empowerment is an important tool and a valuable 
contribution to the work of the Informal Working Group on Trade and Gender . As one of the co -chairs 
of that Working  Group, Iceland welcomes the constructive participation and good cooperation that 
our countries have on trade and gender.  
4.301.   Finally, I celand appreciate s Switzerland 's and Liecht enstein 's active engagement in WTO a nd 
the strong commitment and support for the multilateral trading system . We wish the delegation of 
Liechtenstein and Switzerland  every success for the ir Trade Policy Review.  
URUGUAY  
4.302.   Uruguay desea brindar la más cordial bienvenida a las delegaciones de Suiza y de 
Liechtenstein, encabezadas por el Emb ajador  Markus  Schlagenhof, y por el Emb ajador  Kurt Jäger, 
en oportunidad del sexto examen conjunto de sus políticas comerciales a quien agradecemos por su 
presentación. Asimismo, agradecemos a la Secretaría por su completo informe.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.303.   Nuestros países mantienen sanas relaciones comerciales desde hace décadas. En los últimos 
años, en cuanto al comercio de bienes, Suiza es un cliente con importancia creciente en el mercado 
de carne bovina de alta calidad y de soja. Por su parte, los dos se ctores más importantes en nuestras 
importaciones desde este país son productos farmacéuticos y sus famosos relojes.  
4.304.   En el comercio de servicios, la cooperación en el sector financiero ha probado ser de mucha 
utilidad para mi país. En este sector de la eco nomía, gracias al Acuerdo de Fomento y Protección 
Recíproca de Inversiones, somos receptores de numerosas inversiones suizas que se han establecido 
desde hace varios años.  
4.305.   Uruguay, en tanto miembro del MERCOSUR, es un ferviente impulsor del Tratado de Libr e 
Comercio con EFTA, y abogamos por una pronta suscripción del mismo. Ambos bloques económicos 
somos absolutamente complementarios y nuestros pueblos se beneficiarían rápidamente de bienes 
y servicios a precios más asequibles en condiciones más ventajosas.  
4.306.   Suiza es parte de Grupo Informal sobre Mipymes, y vemos en este sexto  examen que han 
incorporado todas las recomendaciones que el grupo ha acordado, con una detallada descripción en 
el informe del Gobierno. Deseo felicitar a Suiza por su compromiso por el  apoyo al desarrollo de 
políticas públicas proactivas para beneficiar a este tipo de empresas, y me permito decir que es un 
ejemplo para el resto de la membresía en términos de transparencia y adopción de 
recomendaciones. Al respecto, hemos realizado una p regunta sobre cómo funciona el sistema de 
trabajo del Foro de las pymes, una instancia de generación de regulación, monitoreo y caja de 
resonancia para las empresas, que entiendo puede servir de inspiración para otros Miembros.  
4.307.   Sobre otros temas presentes en los informes, en esta oportunidad hemos realizado 
preguntas sobre el objetivo de eliminación de derechos de aduana para los bienes industriales 
en 2024, las preocupaciones no comerciales en el comercio agrícola, el sistema de fondos de garantía 
en este sector, la aplicación de pagos directos en el marco de las medidas globales de ayuda, con 
especial énfasis en el sector lácteo.  
4.308.   Uruguay y Suiza coinciden en el gran valor atribuido a la OMC y la función central de la 
misma en el sistema multilateral de com ercio basado en normas y compartimos la necesidad de 
asegurar que ésta siga siendo relevante en el futuro y a la altura de las circunstancias.  
4.309.   Para finalizar, quisiéramos reiterar nuestra apreciación por este nuevo ejercicio de 
intercambio sobre las prácti cas comerciales de Suiza y de Liechtenstein, y esperamos seguir 
cooperando en todos los frentes: bilateral, bir regional y aquí en la OMC.  
4.310.   Gracias y mis mejores deseos para un examen exitoso.  
VIET NAM 
4.311.   On behalf of Viet  Nam's delegation, I would like to exp ress our warm welcome to the 
distinguished delegation from Switzerland led by H.E.  Ambassador  Markus  Schlagenhof, Delegate of 
the Federal Council for Trade Agreements, Head of the Word Trade Division of the State Secretariat 
for Economic Affairs – SECO and  the distinguished delegation from Liechtenstein led 
H.E. Ambassador Kurt Jäger  and the delegation  of Liechtenstein to their sixth  joint Trade Policy 
Review. We appreciate the efforts of the delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein and the WTO 
Secretar iat for the excellent and comprehensive reports prepared for this Review. We would also 
like to express our gratitude to the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan, P ermanent 
Representative  of Singapore for his insightful remarks that guide today produc tive discussion.  
4.312.   Since their accession to the WTO in 1995 and as a Member of GATT since 1973, both 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein have been active Members of the WTO and have greatly contributed 
to the growth of the WTO.  
4.313.   We are happy to note that during the review period in question, the economies of Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein have been resilient in spite of adverse circumstances.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.314.   Allow me to provide some impressive highlights about trade and investment relationship 
between Switzerland, Liechtenstein , and Viet  Nam:  
4.315.   Regarding the bilateral trade, we are pleased that Switzerland and Liechtenstein have been 
long-standing economic partners of Viet  Nam. Currently, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are 
Viet Nam's largest trading  partners in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The 
two countries in particular and the EFTA in general are among Viet  Nam's important partners in the 
European continent. Trade volume between Viet  Nam and the two  countries reached over 
USD 1 billion a year in the period from 2017 to 2021. This number is a clear demonstration of our 
strengthening economic cooperation even during the pandemic.  
4.316.   In terms of investment, the total accumulated investment of Switzerland and Liechtenstein 
in Viet  Nam until  2021 accounted for nearly USD  2 billion.  
4.317.   The trade and investment relationship between Switzerland, Liechtenstein , and Viet  Nam is 
now in the period of healthy and comprehensive development. We strongly believe that our countries 
have many potential oppor tunities to advance. Therefore, to further enhance bilateral trade, we 
would continue promoting and facilitating the connection of our economies to make economic 
cooperation more effective and commensurate with the potentials.  
4.318.   Before closing my statement,  I would like to express my appreciation to H.E.  Ambassador 
Didier  Chambovey, Permanent Representative of Switzerland and his team for their active 
engagement, especially Ambassador Chambovey for his able leadership at the General Council in his 
capacity a s Chair of the General Council and active contribution to the WTO discussion and activities. 
I wish Switzerland and Liechtenstein continued success in their economic and social development 
and wish the two delegations a fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
ECUADO R 
4.319.   En primer lugar, el Ecuador desea dar la bienvenida al Jefe de la Delegación de Suiza, 
Embajador Markus  Schlagenhof, Delegado del Consejo Federal para Acuerdos Comerciales; al Jefe 
de la Delegación de Liechtenstein, Embajador Kurt  Jäger, Representante Pe rmanente en Ginebra, 
así como a los demás miembros de ambas delegaciones y funcionarios de las respectivas Misiones 
Permanentes ante la OMC. Una especial mención al Embajador Didier  Chambovey por toda su 
dedicación y contribuciones al trabajo de esta Organ ización.  
4.320.   Quisiera además sumarme al reconocimiento expresado por quienes me precedieron en el 
uso de la palabra, respecto a los sólidos reportes elaborados tanto por la Secretaría como por los 
Miembros parte de este examen.  
4.321.   Por otro lado, felicitamos también los comentarios y observaciones formulados por el 
ponente, Embajador Hung  Seng Tan, Representante Permanente de Singapur.  
4.322.   Suiza es un importante actor en el comercio internacional, y se encuentra en el grupo de las 
mayores economías mundiales, con un desempeño destacable tanto en el comercio de bienes como 
en el de servicios.  
4.323.   Es relevante señalar que más del 70% del PIB suizo y alrededor del 60% del PIB de 
Liechtenstein provienen de la generación de servicios. Dada s u situación geográfica y la provisión 
de recursos naturales, son economías sumamente integradas en las cadenas mundiales de valor.  
4.324.   Por otra parte, gracias a la implementación de adecuadas políticas estatales, tanto Suiza 
como Liechtenstein hicieron frente a los impactos de la pandemia COVID -19 de manera efectiva, 
particularmente en el mercado laboral, asegurando el nivel de ingresos de los hogares. Esto les ha 
permitido alcanzar una recuperación económica sostenida en el último año.  
4.325.   El 25 de junio de 2018, el Ecuador suscribió un Acuerdo de Asociación Económico Inclusivo 
con la Asociación Europea de Libre Comercio (EFTA, por sus siglas en inglés) – de la cual Suiza y 
Liechtenstein son parte – que entró en vigor a partir del 1  de noviembre  de 2020.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.326.   En ese con texto, y desde la suscripción de dicho acuerdo, Suiza se ha convertido en el primer 
destino de exportaciones entre los miembros de EFTA. Los principales productos exportados a Suiza 
son oro, banano y flores, mientras que las medicinas, vacunas, compuestos oxigenados y 
maquinarias se destacan como las principales importaciones suizas al Ecuador.  
4.327.   En el ámbito multilateral, compartimos con Suiza y Liechtenstein la necesidad de contar con 
un sistema multilateral sólido, transparente y previsible. Reconocemos su  proactiva participación en 
varios temas de común interés, entre ellos, contaminación por plásticos ; facilitación de inversiones ; 
comercio electrónico ; mipymes ; cuestiones de género ; comercio y salud ; sostenibilidad ambiental ; 
por mencionar algunos.  
4.328.   Por ot ro lado, y con un espíritu invariablemente constructivo, mi delegación espera con 
interés las respuestas que nos brindará la delegación de Suiza a las preguntas planteadas dentro de 
este ejercicio, en particular, sobre reglamentaciones técnicas – su armoni zación o equivalencia, 
estructura arancelaria  - que incluye la aplicación de derechos específicos, tipos arancelarios 
compuestos y suspensiones, así como el tratamiento de los productos agropecuarios.  
4.329.   Para concluir, el Ecuador desea a Suiza y Liechtenstein  el mayor de los éxitos en la 
conducción y conclusión de su sexto examen conjunto de políticas comerciales.  
REPUBLIC  OF MOLDOVA  
4.330.   Let me start by joining others in welcoming H.E.  Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, head of the Swiss 
delegation for this TPR and his delegation from Bern, as well as Mr  Chambovey and his Geneva 
based team, Ambassador Kurt  Jäger , and colleagues of the Liechtenstein delegation  at this 
sixth joint trade policy transparency exercise.  
4.331.   I would also like to thank the discussant, Ambassador Mr  Hung Seng Tan (Singapore) for 
the insightful introductory remarks as well as to acknowledge my delegation 's appreciation to the 
Secretariat for their efforts in drafting a comprehensive and informative Report.  
4.332.   As stated in the Secretariat 's Report and obs erved by other Members, Moldova is pleased to 
note that Swiss and Liechtenstein economies are among the most internationally integrated 
worldwide, and that both countries are deeply committed to the multilateral trading system, with 
one of them being the h ost for all of us here in Geneva. Moreover, I would like to commend 
Switzerland particular dedication to WTO, not only by having Ambassador Chambovey as Chair of 
the General Council, but also for actively supporting discussions and the work of so many key tracks 
of the Organization, being a "friend of the system ". Also, we are commending the participation in all 
JSIs, particularly noticing the active participation in discussions on international rules for digital trade 
and the free flow of data and challeng es of regulatory differences.  
4.333.   Both countries are active and major providers of development assistance, in various trade 
related sectors. It is equally so not only for the multilateral dimension, but as well for countries 
individually, via bilateral program s, like in case of Republic of Moldova, where Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein are major development partners – working closely with local authorities through 
technical assistance programs and projects in various fields.  
4.334.   Furthermore, Moldova notes with appre ciation Switzerland's and Liechtenstein's efforts to 
support MSMEs focused on strengthening export capabilities of MSMEs sector and their 
internationalization, as well as new policies to cope with climate change, improve ecological 
environment protection a nd promote sustainable development.  
4.335.   We also welcome Switzerland's successful completion of the process of revising national law 
on government procurement as to transpose the requirements of the revised WTO plurilateral 
Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). We note that since 1  January  2021, the revised 
federal legislation on government procurement provides a modernized regulatory framework that 
improves legal certainty and simplifies the application of the law, while offering new opportunities 
to SMEs . WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.336.   On a more concrete note, we would like to point out that agriculture is among the sectors of 
particular interest for Moldova. In that sense, we would like to commend both countries, that despite 
considerable challenges during the period under review, and  well known sensitivities, they continue 
to liberalize their trade, and here I am referring to the abolition of the industrial tariffs on imports.  
4.337.   At the same time, we note that agriculture is sheltered from import competition through 
high tariffs (trade weighted average of 22.9% in 2019 year, with tariffs ranging from 0% to 
902% -1000%) on sensitive agricultural products and with direct payments – thus Moldova would 
welcome the consideration of adoption by Switzerland of more transparent, ad valorem  tariffs and 
any tariffs reduction in agricultural products.  
4.338.   Moldova mentions with appreciation significant developments in our bilateral agenda, since 
the last TPR, referring namely to the initiation of negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement within the 
EFTA pla tform, which we are hoping to finalize in the coming months.  
4.339.   We are pleased to see the confirmation that our efforts in strengthening our trade 
cooperation during the recent years shows important results. Currently, Switzerland is ranked on 
the sixth place  among Moldova's top export partner countries, registering a share of 3.3%. The trade 
between the Republic of Moldova and Switzerland improved, registering a positively increasing trend 
since the latest review since 2017 (Moldova mainly exports agricultura l products, textile articles and 
electric equipment, while imports comprise pharmaceutical and electrical products).  
4.340.   Also, we see a positive trend on the investment side, the number of companies with Swiss 
capital raising comparing to 2017, agreements on m utual protection of investments being in place.  
4.341.   On a different note, I would like to take this opportunity and address an important message 
from my Government to the Swiss and Liechtenstein authorities in the context of their future Trade 
Policy Reviews.  
4.342.   The challenges caused by the war started by the Russia n Federation  in Ukraine cause 
enormous pressure on the Republic of Moldova 's political, economic, and social sphere. The regional 
crisis is having a huge impact on our economy, arising from the adverse supply shock triggered by 
the inflow of refugees, rise in oil and gas prices and changes in the architecture of the foreign trade 
due to a complete halt of exports to the eastern markets, suspension of transit of goods etc. There 
are other connecte d factors, that have led for inflation to reach almost 20% and estimated to be as 
high as 30% in the next months.  
4.343.   Most of economic sectors have been affected, which leads to significant additional costs while 
identifying alternative products from other cou ntries. Therefore, the negotiation and signing of free 
trade agreements, and in particular of the one with EFTA countries is set as an utmost priority of 
our Government for 2022.  
4.344.   In particular we are looking for a deeper trade liberalization, expanding the  range of 
duty-free products in our bilateral trade, again bearing in mind of the importance of the sector and 
the number of those affected, Moldova is looking for a higher degree of trade liberalization for some 
of agricultural products.  
4.345.   To conclude, on behalf of the delegation of the Republic of Moldova I would like to reiterate 
that Moldova is committed to work closely to boost our economic bilateral relations and to strengthen 
our cooperation on bilateral and multilateral level and I wish Swiss and Lie chtenstein delegation s all 
success in this transparency exercise.  
KAZAKHSTAN  
4.346.   Kazakhstan warmly welcomes t he delegation of Switzerland led by Ambassador 
Markus  Schlagenhof , Director of the World Trade Division in the Foreign Economic Affairs , and the 
delegation of Liechtenstein  headed by Ambassador Kurt  Jäger, Permanent  Representative of 
Liechtenstein in Geneva . We express our gratitude to the Government s of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein  for the informative Report and  statements. We also thank  Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  of Singapore for his insightful comments as a discuss ant, and the WTO Secretariat for its 
comprehensive Report. 
4.347.   Kazakhstan enjoys solid and mutually beneficial cooperation with Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein and attaches high impor tance to further deepening bilateral, economic, and trade 
relations. Switzerland is one of the 10  largest trading partners of Kazakhstan in Europe. Despite the 
reduction of the bilateral trade turnover by 26% at the end of 2021, January -March this year bil ateral 
merchandise trade between Kazakhstan and Switzerland has increased by almost 40%. If the current 
positive dynamics are maintained, the trade volume between Kazakhstan and Switzerland this year 
may reach USD 2 billion . 
4.348.   Aside from trade, Switzerland is the third largest  investor in the economy of Kazakhstan 
accounting for almost USD 30 billion over the past 15  years, more than 330  enterprises with a Swiss 
and Liechtenstein capital are successfully  working in Kazakhstan's e conomy, including leading 
companies such as G lencore , Roch e, Novartis , Philip  Morris , and S yngenta.   
4.349.   We commend Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their sound and resilient economic 
performance despite  of the difficult circumstances and for implementing an ambitio us reform agenda 
over the period under review . Particularly , we note our strong focus on Switzerland's foreign 
economic policy strategy, an important compass providing  meet to a long -term orientation to 
maintain and increase Switzerland's prosperity  in line with the Sustainable Development Goals . 
4.350.   We also welcome the o ngoing  comprehensive reforms initiated by Switzerland under the 
Economic Transition Strategy COVID -19 focused on strengthening the economy's long -term 
recovery, improving growth in the g ross domestic product, as well as enhancing competition in the 
domestic market . 
4.351.   From the multilateral trading perspective, we applaud Switzerland's hard work on the 
initiation of a large -scale DaziT programme aimed to facilitate trade through full digitali zation of all 
customs procedures by the end of 2026, including simplification of customs clearance of goods in 
traffic and enabling mobile payment of the f reight rate fee for heavy -goods traffic . 
4.352.   In this regard, we are pleased to see that Switzerland , thanks to the continued efforts  in 
maintaining a stable and supportive businesses  climate , ranked 1st place out of 15 2 economies in 
UNCTAD's Business -to-Consumer E -Commerce Index, and 1st place out of 64  countries  in the  
International Institute for Management Development's 2021 World Competitiveness Rankin g. 
4.353.   The continued adherence of Lie chtenstein  Government to long -standing liberal economic 
policy which is favourable to its  entrepreneurship is admirable . We recognize Sw itzerland 's and 
Liechtenstein's commitment to the rules -based multilateral trading system and constructive 
involvement in the work of the W TO in preparation for MC12 . 
4.354.   Particularly, w e commend Switzerland's contributions to the discussions on agriculture, 
WTO's response to the pandemic , and its active participation in the major joint statement initiatives 
on e-commerce, services trade domestic regulation , investment facilitation for development, MSMEs,  
and trade and environmental sustainability structured di scussions . Keeping a solid record in fulfilling 
its notification obligations is also  commendable.  
4.355.   I would also like to use this opportunity to thank  the Governments of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein  for their full cooperation and support which has been prov ided to the Government of 
Kazakhstan during its  WTO accession negotiations, as well as in preparation of our chairmanship for 
the MC12  in Geneva this June . 
4.356.   I also would like to note the successful visit of President  Tokaev  last November to 
Switzerland and the fruitful discussions he had with the leadership of Switzerland as well as with the 
business groups of Switzerland which are interested in investing into Kazakhstan's economy , and 
the documents which have been signed du ring this visit will be further serving as a solid ground for 
enhancement of bilateral trade and economic relations, and I would like to note that  we have signed 
with Switzerland first before concluding the agreement on domestic services regulation as an annex 
to our bilateral trade and economic cooperation agreement in November last year . WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.357.   In conclusion , We would like to congratulate the delegations of Switzerland and L iechtenstein  
and the WTO Secretariat for the hard work and efforts that went int o pre paration of this TPR. We 
also would like to express our appreciation. to Ambassador Didier  Chambovey and his team in 
Geneva . 
4.358.   We wish the delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein every success for the ir sixth  joint 
Trade Policy Review . 
INDIA  
4.359.   Let me begin by extending a warm welcome to the delegation of Switzerland led by 
H.E. Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, Federal Council Delegate for Trade Agreements of Switzerland and to 
the delegation of Liechtenstein led by H.E . Mr Kurt Jäger, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representat ive of Liechtenstein in Geneva.  
4.360.   India is pleased to be a part of this sixth Trade Policy Review today. My delegation 
appreciates the efforts of the delegation of Switzerland in Geneva led by H.E.  Mr Didier  Chambovey , 
Ambassador and Permanent Representative , and the delegation of Liechtenstein in Geneva and also 
commend the WTO Secretariat for their comprehensive reports. I would also thank the discussant 
H.E. Mr Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore for steering the process and for his insightful remarks.  
4.361.   India shares warm and friendly relations with both Switzerland and Liechtenstein, built upon 
the Treaty of Friendship signed on 14 August  1948; one of the first such treaties to be signed by 
independent India and an important mi lestone in Indo -Swiss relations. The relations between India 
and Switzerland have achieved new heights following the high -level visits of our Hon ourab le 
President to Switzerland in September  2019, and Hon ourable Prime  Minister to Switzerland in 2016 
and 20 18 and the visit of the Swiss President to India in 2017 marking the India -Switzerland 
relations as "A Long -Standing Dynamic Partnership ". 
4.362.   We have a broad institutional framework in place for strengthening commercial relations 
between our two  countries. Th e bilateral merchandise trade between India and Switzerland stands 
at around USD  25 billion for the FY 2021 -22 and the total services trade with Switzerland stands at 
USD 4.58 billion for the FY 2020 -21, registering a trade surplus of USD  1.18 billion. In the area of 
investments Switzerland is the 12th largest investor in India with invested FDI equity worth 
approximately USD  9.2 billion from April  2000 to December  2021. Overseas direct investment from 
India to Switzerland from April  2017-May 2020 stands at USD  1.61 billion that is 3.74% of our total 
overseas direct investment placing Switzerland at fifth position among all ODIs destinations.  
4.363.   More than 350  Swiss companies have a presence in India through their own subsidiaries and 
joint ventures wh ile Indian companies are also investing in Switzerland in the area of information 
technology, construction, chemicals , and pharmaceuticals. Recognizing the immense potential of our 
relations, India and EFTA are working on a Trade and Economic Partnership A greement as well as a 
Bilateral Investment Treaty.  
4.364.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are both developed countries, that are well integrated into the 
world trade. During the period under review, as per the Secretariat Report, we note that, while the 
challenges  posed by the COVID -19 pandemic resulted in the fall in real GDP growth by 2.4% in 2020, 
the strong financial buffers and prompt response by the Governments has ensured that the 
long-term economic prospects remain unaffected.  
4.365.   Despite the favourable outloo k we note the key challenges for the Swiss economy include 
an ageing population, low productivity growth, adaptation to digitalization, climate change, and risks 
posed by high levels of household debt. We commend the initiatives of the Government, as part of 
the growth agenda, are focus ed on quality of the labour force, improving competitive dynamics of 
the internal market and strengthening entrepreneurship and innovation. In these areas, both our 
countries share complementarities and, in this regard, we wo uld request the Swiss authorities to 
look at simplifying visa rules for skilled labour force as the first step towards utilising these 
complementarities for our mutual benefits.   
4.366.   During the period under review, the real  GDP of Liechtenstein after three  years of growth, 
contracted by 2.3% in 2019 and further in 2020; as due to the small size of its economy Liechtenstein WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  remains more sensitive to international shocks. Nonetheless, despite its small size, Liechtenstein is 
a highly industrialized country with competitive strengths in high -tech niche products, financial and 
insurance services. While the challenges of Liechtenstein are also similar to the Swiss economy, we 
commend the Government of Liechtenstein for their measures to overcome these challenges as laid 
out in the Government Plan 2021 -2025.  
4.367.   We have submitted written questions to both Switzerland and Liechtenstein on issues 
pertaining to agriculture, goods tariffs, subsidies, SPS measures, policies and measures with respect 
to taxation, SMEs, and eco nomic recovery from the pandemic to name a few. We look forward to 
receiving responses for the same which will be transmitted to the capital for their review.  
4.368.   Before I conclude , I take this opportunity to compliment Switzerland for its steadfast support 
to the multilateral trading system and for hosting the WTO in Geneva. We look forward to working 
with GC  Chair Ambassador  Chambovey and the delegation of Switzerland to ensure a successful 
MC12.  
4.369.   Finally, we are committed to work closely with Switzerland and  Liechtenstein for further 
expanding and harnessing the vast potential of our trade and investment ties for mutual benefit. We 
wish the delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein a productive and successful Trade Policy 
Review.  
INDONESIA  
4.370.   Indonesia would like to welcome the delegation of Switzerland and Liechtenstein led by 
Ambassador Markus  Schlagenhof  of Switzerland  and Ambassador Kurt  Jäger  of Liechtenstein . 
Indonesia would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat and the delegation of Switzerland a nd 
Liechtenstein for their comprehensive Report, which provide s a useful context  for exploring their 
trade, trade -related , and investment policies. We also extend our appreciation to Ambassador 
Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore for his contribution to this Trade Policy Review as a discussant.  
4.371.   We are pleased to be  here today to  participat e in the Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein. For many years, Indonesia and the two countries share a good relationship, especially 
with the entry in to the force of the Indonesia -EFTA C omprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement  
on 1 Novemb er 2021. Overall, between 2017 and 2021 , our bilateral trade showed a dynamic trend. 
In 2021 , it reached USD  1.99 billion , a 35.5% decline from the previous  year's total of 
USD 3.09 billion.  
4.372.   Despite the fact that, during the review period and prior to the  COVID -19 pandemic, real 
GDP growth in Switzerland fell by 2.4% in 2020 and even more in Liechtenstein , Indonesia applauds 
both countries for their success in dealing with the COVID -19 pandemic , with its  unprecedented 
negative impact on long -term economic prospects. This achievement is largely due to the support 
of strong financial buffers and a prompt response by the Governments.  
4.373.   Furthermore, both countries are active WTO Members , supporting the Buenos  Aires 
Declaration on Trade and Women's Economic Empow erment and engaging in joint statement 
initiatives on e -commerce, MSMEs, services domestic regulation, as well as the JSI on investment 
facilitation for development. These are issues that we closely follow, as either proponent or observer  
4.374.   Given that both the countries' trade policies are cent red on promoting and ensuring open 
markets with greater emphasis on sustainable development , Indonesia notes that, in order to 
implement its Energy 2050 Strategy, Switzerland revised its Federal Energy Law w hich established 
targets for energy production and consumption, defines energy efficiency standards, and provides 
incentives for investment i n renewable energy production. Furthermore, Liechtenstein  enacted a 
new Energy Strategy 2030 and Energy Vision 2050, both of which aim to boost the usage of 
renewable energy. On that note, Indonesia is interested in learning more about the se associated  
implementation strategies , notably the European  Union and Switzerland 's greenhouse gas emission 
allowance trading programs . 
4.375.   Indonesia believes that through this T rade Policy Review  our interest can be positively 
addressed by the Switzerland and Liechtenstein delegations. In this regard , we look forward to a 
follow -up communication with the delegation of Switzerland and Liechtenstein for further  written WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  clarification s on our interest s, as well as continued cooperation for the implementation of the 
Comprehensive  Economic Partners hip Agreement between Indonesia and EFTA.  
4.376.   Finally, we would like to conclude our remarks by expressing once again, our profound 
appreciation to the delegation of the Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their hard work. Indonesia 
wishes both  countries every success in their sixth joint Trade Policy Review.  
MAURITIUS  
4.377.   Mauritius would like to congratulate Switzerland and Liechtenstein for the conduct of their 
sixth joint Trade Policy Review. We welcome H .E. Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, Ambassador and Federal 
Council Delegate for Trade Agreements of Switzerland, leading the Swiss delegation and 
H.E. Mr Kurt Jäger, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein in Geneva leading 
the delegation from Liechtenstein.  
4.378.   We thank both  Governments for t heir reports as well as the Secretariat. We also express our 
appreciation to the discussant H.E.  Mr Hung  Seng Tan, Permanent Representative of Singapore, for 
his analysis of the reports and his insightful comments.  
4.379.   Mauritius has always shared good relations with both Switzerland and Liechtenstein even 
though we believe that there is scope to further expand these relations.  
4.380.   Our three countries share in common our commitment to the multilateral trading system. 
We have all subscribed to the Buenos  Aires Declaration on Women and Trade and participate in a 
number of initiatives including Joint Statement Initiatives (JSIs) on E -Commerce, MSMEs, 
Investment Facilitation for Development , and Services D omestic Regulation.  
4.381.   Mauritius, like Switzerland and Liecht enstein, are services -oriented economies. Switzerland 
has a relatively open economy in terms of tariffs and Mauritius would like to commend Switzerland 
for decreasing the simple average applied tariff from 9% in 2016 to 7.2% in 2021.  
4.382.   Switzerland remains a role model as an efficient economy with robust Intellectual Property 
Laws. This is not surprising given the instrumental role played by Switzerland in bringing IP rules to 
the WTO including geographical indications. Allow me for a moment to recall late Amb assador 
Lucius  Wasecha 's and the contribution he, as well as Madame Thu  Lang, made to this process. We 
have since witnessed the continuous efforts of Switzerland to implement the "Swiss made" brand.  
4.383.   We commend Switzerland for retaining its overall first place ranking in both the Global 
Competitiveness Index in the years 2013 -2018 and the Global Innovation Index in the years 
2011-2021. Mauritius is currently developing a National Masterplan for technology, research and 
innovation and would like to benefit fr om the experience of the Swiss authorities to identify and 
introduce strategies to drive leadership in emerging technologies and sectors.  
4.384.   At the bilateral level, Mauritius, through its Minister for Financial Services, held fruitful 
discussions with H.E.  Mr Ueli Maurer, Federal Councillor and Head of the Federal Department of 
Finance of the Swiss Confederation earlier this year. A number of issues and collaboration avenues 
were discussed in the field of fintech and financial services. We look forward for the  implementation 
of a number of sectoral initiatives. We seize this opportunity to acknowledge the pioneering work of 
Switzerland on Sustainable Finance. We also recogni ze that Liechtenstein has become the first 
country to adopt comprehensive legislation on  trustworthy technology service providers.  
4.385.   Over the review period, we note the new wide -ranging RTAs that entered into force between 
EFTA and several countries. Mauritius has signed a Joint Declaration on Cooperation with EFTA to 
serve as a steppingstone f or the conclusion of a Comprehensive EPA with EFTA that mirrors the EPA 
we signed with the EU.  
4.386.   As we are nearing MC12, we look forward to continue engaging with Switzerland in the 
negotiations towards the promotion of a balanced and equitable multilateral  trading system. We 
salute in this regard the leadership role of Ambassador Didier  Chambovey, in his capacity as Chair 
of the General Council, and assure him our support.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.387.   We wish both Switzerland and Liechtenstein a very successful review.  
THE SEPARATE  CUSTOMS  TERRITORY  OF TAIWAN,  PENGHU,  KINMEN  AND  MATSU  
4.388.   I would first like to join colleagues in extending a warm welcome to Ambassador 
Markus  Schlagenhof from SECO Switzerland and Ambassador Kurt  Jäger from Liechtenstein Mission, 
as well as their respective de legations, at today 's sixth  Trade Policy Review. We would also like to 
thank the discussant, Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan (Singapore) for his comprehensive and very 
useful comments. And very importantly, we very much appreciate the high quality of the Report 
produced by the Secretariat in this exercise.  
4.389.   Since its last review in 2017, Switzerland 's economy has continued to perform well and 
managed to remain in good shape up to the emergence of the COVID -19 pandemic in early  2020. 
Liechtenstein, being a s maller economy, has some volatile economic data. There is no doubt that 
the years of 2020 and 2021 had been challenging for the majority of Members, including both 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Worldwide lockdowns and the necessary protective measures tak en 
to ensure the health of the public have inevitably caused severe economic consequences. 
Nevertheless, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are blessed with a particularly strong resilience that has 
helped them weather the crisis and recover well as soon as res trictive health measures were relaxed 
significantly from the middle of 2021.  
4.390.   It might be useful to list the most critical factors that enabled the economies of Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein to persevere during the pandemic. It should include their particu larly high degree 
of international openness, the high quality of their human resources and sound public finances, and 
their long -term social and political stability. Together with the Swiss Government 's prompt and 
sustained policy support, which aimed at a voiding job losses and maintaining employees ' wages and 
companies ' liquidity, it should also be noted that its GDP in the third quarter of 2021 surpassed the 
pre-COVID -19 GDP levels, and its GDP growth now looks set to reach 3% in 2022.   
4.391.   In terms of trade  policy, both countries have consistently pursued a position of open trade 
through multilateral, plurilateral or bilateral economic instruments in order to reap the benefits of 
being integrated in the international and global supply chains. In this regard,  we welcome the 
announcement by the Swiss Government to remove tariffs on all its industrial products from 
January  2024, with a view to increasing its consumers ' welfare and inviting more dynamic 
competition.  
4.392.   We also acknowledge the fact that both countri es attach great emphasis to the development 
of sustainable trade, taking special account of the worsening situations of climate change. We 
commend both Governments on their genuine efforts at contributing to the Sustainable Development 
Goals and their ambi tious commitments to achieving climate neutrality by 2050.  
4.393.   On the bilateral front, trade turnover between us and Switzerland was valued at USD  3 billion 
in 2021, registering an 8.3% rise compared with the previous year. Switzerland has always enjoyed 
a significant trade surplus in our two -way trade. Its main exports to us are precious metals, watches, 
pharmaceuticals, medical appliances and machinery, while our exports to Switzerland focus mainly 
on electronics, semi conductors, and auto parts.  
4.394.   With regard  to Liechtenstein, though our two -way trade volume is relatively moderate, we 
are pleased to note that our bilateral trade increased significantly by 18% in 2020 and 19% in 2021. 
Two-way trade was valued at USD  26 million in 2021, of which our imports from  Liechtenstein 
amounted to USD  21 million. Our bilateral trade pattern again highlights Liechtenstein's unique 
competitiveness in the high -value -added manufacturing sectors.  
4.395.   We believe there is still great potential for further expansion of our trade and investment 
partnerships across all sectors through closer exchanges and cooperation.  
4.396.   Last, but not least, Switzerland and Liechtenstein have always been staunch supporters of 
a rules -based multilateral trading system. At the WTO, we have shared common values and interests 
across many issues and initiatives, such as trade and health, e -commerce, investment facilitation 
for development, MSMEs , and environmental sustainability matters. In particular, we appreciate 
Switzerland 's leadership in the agr icultural G10 group and the Friends of the System, and we look WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  forward to further strengthening our engagement and cooperation on areas of common interest at 
the MC12 and beyond.  
4.397.   I would like to conclude, by wishing Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and L ichtenstein 
great success.  
JAMAICA  
4.398.   Jamaica extends a warm welcome to the delegations of the Switzerland and Liechtenstein to 
their sixth joint Trade Policy Review. We thank the delegations led by H .E. Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, 
Federal Council Delegate for Trade Agreements of Switzerland , and H .E. Mr Kurt Jäger, Permanent 
Representative of Liechtenstein, for their comprehensive Report.  
4.399.   We also appreciate the efforts made by you Chair, our discussant, Ambassador 
Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore, and the Secretaria t to facilitate today 's discussions.  
4.400.   Jamaica, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein enjoy good relations. In fact, 2022 marks 60  years 
of diplomatic relations with Switzerland. This has been characteri zed by cooperation in intellectual 
property rights related iss ues, trade, and technical assistance. The Agreement between Jamaica and 
Switzerland on the Mutual Recognition and Protection of Geographical Indications entered into force 
in September  2014 and protects G Is in both countries. We appreciate the significant assistance 
provided by the Swiss Government through the 2008 Geographical Indicators Project  to strengthen 
our capacity in this area and enable Jamaica to take advantage of the provisions of this Agreement 
in this regard.  
4.401.   Jamaica also has in place a bilate ral Air Services Agreement with Switzerland as well as a 
bilateral investment treaty (BIT) and a double taxation agreement, which entered into force in 
November  1991 and December  1995 respectively. The bilateral ASA has facilitated greater contacts 
between  our countries and peoples; discussions continue between the Jamaica Tourist Board and 
Edelweiss regarding increased flights between our two  countries.  
4.402.   We are interested in strengthening our engagement with Switzerland, including in the areas 
of trade and  investment, and welcome the presence of Swiss investments through companies, such 
as Nestlé, Swiss  Stores and SGS and for their contribution to the country's national growth and 
development. We look forward to our continued collaboration at the bilateral and multilateral levels 
on issues of mutual interest, particularly in the areas of cyber security and exchanges on 
cryptocurrency; climate change and disaster risk management, neutraceuticals; and research and 
innovation, including block chain technology i n pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals.  
4.403.   Jamaica commends the Governments of Switzerland and Liechtenstein on their robust 
economic performance over the review period. The implementation of sound fiscal, monetary, and 
trade policy measures by their  respective authorities has allowed both countries to enjoy robust 
macroeconomic stability and positive economic growth. These included: updating of the foreign 
economic policy strategy, structural reforms, swift implementation of fiscal stimulus measures and 
other social security measures in response to various crises. Consequently, both countries were able 
to weather the effects of the financial and economic crises of 2008 as well as the 2020 COVID -19 
pandemic relatively well. The positive outlook on econ omic growth for 2022 in both countries is 
noted, and the ongoing efforts of the respective authorities should be supported in this regard.  
4.404.   Despite their lack of traditional natural resources, Switzerland and Liechtenstein's economies 
have remained resilien t due to a focus on export led growth in core sectors; in the case of the 
former, its niche products and higher end products such as pharmaceuticals and precision 
instruments, and in the latter, the strong industrial and manufacturing base. Nonetheless, we  
applaud both countries ' strong emphasis on education, innovation, and social protection. We note 
positively that serious consideration is being given to the impact that changing demographics will 
have on the economy, and that relevant reforms are being pu rsued to alleviate future burdens, as 
well as safeguard the livelihoods of the ageing population. This is one area in which future exchanges 
on best practices among Members should be pursued.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.405.   We also view positively the authorities' efforts support small and medium -sized enterprises 
(SMEs) through the SME Forum and Investor Summit, strengthen the taxation regime, and promote 
investor -friendly environments.  
4.406.   Home to the World Trade Organizatio n, Jamaica commends the Government of Switzerland 
for its continu ed commitment to the preservation and enhancement of the rules -based multilateral 
trading system. As reflected in the reports on both countries, the openness of both economies, and 
their heavy reliance on the international trade in goods and services as we ll as cross -border 
investment activities, underscore the need to ensure that the WTO is fit -for-purpose, remains 
relevant and responsive to the needs of all its Members. We welcome the countries ' active 
participation in work of the WTO, as well as its efforts to fulfil their various WTO obligations.  
4.407.   Notably, Switzerland has served as "Friend to the Chair " during the pre Bali negotiations on 
Trade facilitation. It has been among the top donors of trade related technical assistance 
programmes in the WTO. In addition, Switzerland has been advancing work on critical issues such 
as e-commerce, WTO dispute settlement, investment facilitation, and reform of the WTO. We 
commend H .E. Mr Didier  Chambovey, S witzerland's Ambassador and Permanent Representative to 
the WTO and in his capacity as Chair of the General Council, for the important work being undertaken 
to arrive at common points among which Members can coalesce to achieve positive outcomes for all 
ahead of the 12th Ministerial Conference scheduled for June  2022.  
4.408.   In conclusion, Chair, Jamaica appreciates the opportunity provided by this meeting to discuss 
the trade policies of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. We extend to the delegations our best wishes  
for a successful Trade Policy Review.  
TUNISIE  
4.409.   Ma délégation a le plaisir de participer au sixième examen conjoint de la politique 
commerciale de la Suisse et du Liechtenstein et souhaite la bienvenue aux deux délégations, 
conduites respectivement par L.E.  les Ambassadeurs Markus  Schlagenhof et Kurt  Jäger, à qui nous 
exprimons notre considération pour leurs exposés exhaustifs sur les situations économiques et les 
politiques commerciales de leurs pays.  
4.410.   Je remercie également S.E. l'Ambassadeur Hung  Seng Tan (Singapour) pour les remarques 
pertinentes développées dans sa présentation et félicite le Secrétariat pour le rapport complet qu'il 
nous a soumis à l’occasion de cet examen.  
4.411.   Fortes de systèmes institutionnels stables et solides et de gouvernances particip atives et 
réactives, les économies suisse et du Lichtenstein ont traditionnellement été considérées comme 
modèles d'intégration dans le commerce international.  
4.412.   S'appuyant sur une situation budgétaire saine et des secteurs financiers et manufacturiers 
performants, les deux économies ont su répondre efficacement, durant la période d'examen, aux 
différents défis de la croissance, de l'employabilité, du changement climatique et particulièrement 
de la crise de la COVID -19, ce qui leur a permis de maintenir des taux de croissance du PIB positifs 
et des budgets excédentaires, et d'entamer une reprise économique rapide, avec des perspectives 
à moyen termes optimistes.  
4.413.   La taille limitée des marchés intérieurs des deux pays a incité leurs économies, à forte valeur 
ajoutée, au développement de leur vocation exportatrice et au renforcement de l'ouverture de leurs 
marchés. A ce titre, et sous les auspices de l'Association européenne de libre -échange (AELE), les 
deux pays ont conclu un large éventail d'Accord commerciaux régionaux (29  ACR avec 
39 économies) y compris avec la Tunisie.  
4.414.    Les deux pays sont, également, des Membres actifs de l'OMC, honorant leurs obligations en 
matière de notification et prenant une part active aux divers domaines de négociations multilatérales  
et plurilatérales. Nous félicitons, à ce titre, la Suisse pour son leadership dans les initiatives 
commerciales axées notamment, sur le développement durable et la capacitation de la femme.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.415.   Par ailleurs et en considération de l'attachement de la Suisse, e n tant que pays co -hôte de 
la CM12 et en tant que Membre, ayant l'honneur de coprésider cette Conférence sous l'égide de 
l'Ambassadeur Chambovey, à la réussite de la CM12, nous l'exhortons à se munir de la flexibilité 
nécessaire pour aboutir à un résultat probant, particulièrement, sur les discussions portant sur les 
aspects de la propriété intellectuelle, désormais basées sur un texte, et dont les résultats 
impulseraient une réponse globale de l'OMC à la pandémie, tant attendue.  
4.416.   Si nous aspirons à développ er davantage les relations avec le Lichtenstein au double niveau 
politique et économique, les relations tuniso -suisses remontent aux premières années de 
l'indépendance de la Tunisie, et ont connu un nouvel élan au lendemain de la Révolution de 2011. 
La der nière échéance de haut niveau remonte au mois de février  2016 avec une visite du feu 
Président de la République, Beji  Kaïed  Sebsi. A cette occasion, six accords bilatéraux ont été signés.  
4.417.   Depuis la signature de l'accord de libre -échange entre la Tunisie et  l'AELE, le 
17 décembre  2004, la Suisse demeure le principal partenaire commercial de la Tunisie dans les pays 
de l'AELE, et occupe le rang du 15ème client et du 17ème fournisseur en matière commerciales. La 
Suisse est, également, le 8ème investisseur euro péen en Tunisie, avec une centaine d’entreprises 
totalement ou partiellement exportatrices employant, au 31  décembre  2020, presque 
13 500 personnes.  
4.418.   La balance commerciale bilatérale reste, certes, déficitaire au détriment de la Tunisie, mais 
les échanges  commerciaux entre les deux pays, avoisinant les 450  millions de CHF en 2021, 
connaissent une croissance constante avec une augmentation de 62% des exportations tunisiennes 
en 2021, contribuant ainsi à une forte amélioration du taux de couverture, qui se s itue autour de 
83%.  
4.419.   Par ailleurs et afin de mieux répondre aux objectifs de l’accord de libre -échange conclu avec 
l'Association européenne de libre-échange (AELE), qui sont, notamment, de stimuler les activités 
économiques dans les territoires respectifs,  d'augmenter le niveau de vie, d'améliorer les conditions 
de l'emploi et de contribuer à l'intégration économique euro -méditerranéenne, les autorités 
tunisiennes, empruntant une politique d'ouverture et de diversification économique, œuvrent à 
réviser, dan s sa globalité, le cadre de cet accord.  
4.420.   A ce titre, la partie tunisienne œuvre pour que les consultations bilatérales en cours menées 
avec les partenaires de la SECO, s'accélèrent et débouchent sur l'amélioration des concessions 
tarifaires pratiquées par les deux pays particulièrement sur les protocoles agricoles, particulièrement 
l'assouplissement des conditions d'accès au marché suisse de l'huile d'olive tunisienne, qui 
permettrait d'exploiter pleinement le quota accordé en contrepartie.  
4.421.   Nos deux pays, faudrait -il le souligner, sont déterminés à renforcer davantage leur 
coopération traditionnelle dans tous les domaines, tels que le tourisme, l'agriculture et les nouvelles 
technologies, et à capitaliser sur les acquis politiques et les réalisations économiques pour leur 
valorisation.  
4.422.   Je ne puis manquer cette occasion sans remercier la Suisse pour le soutien apporté à la 
Tunisie durant la pandémie, en fournissant du matériel sanitaire, notamment les concentrateurs 
d'oxygène et les respirateurs multi -usages, aux moments difficiles de la crise de la COVID.  
4.423.   Enfin, je tiens à féliciter L. E. l'Ambassadeur Jäger et l'Ambassadeur Chambovey, ainsi que 
leurs équipes, et je souhaite à la Suisse et au Liechtenstein un examen très fructueux de leurs 
politiques c ommerciales.  
JORDAN  
4.424.   We would like to join other delegations in thanking and congratulating the delegations of 
Switzerland and Lichtenstein for the efforts in preparing the joint sixth  Trade Policy Review and 
report.  
4.425.   Our appreciation is also extended to the discussant for his insightful remarks, and the 
Secretariat for the comprehensive report.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.426.   We would like to thank the heads of the delegations for the statements made, which highlight 
the continuous positive economic developments and the resilience of both economies in spite of the 
economic challenges. It is a proof of productive trade policies providing a solid base for a predictable, 
fair and comprehensive trade for all based on the rules of the multilateral trading system.  
4.427.   Out of this inclusive vision, Jordan along with Switzerland and Lichtenstein worked on 
expanding and deepening relations within the multilateral trading system, and beyond, to a free 
trade area agreement between Jordan and EFTA States, signed in 20 01 and entered into force in 
2002.  
4.428.   This FTA provides a comprehensive trade framework that plays an important role in 
increasing bilateral trade and reinforcing global economic integration for all partners. Exchanged 
trade between Jordan and EFTA Countries has witnessed a remarkable growth by 70 % in 2021 
comparing to 2020 almost USD 685 million, where Switzerland is a major trading partner and we 
look forward to reinforce our bilateral trade with Lichtenstein. We believe that much potential are 
still ahead o f us, on bilateral and multilateral levels.  
4.429.   Jordan appreciates its longstanding relations with both countries and looks always forward 
to advancing cooperation in different areas of mutual interest. And would like to congratulate the 
business society for their efforts and valuable contribution in the world trade hand in hand with other 
trading partners.  
4.430.   Finally, we wish Switzerland and Lichtenstein a successful Trade Policy Review.  
SRI LANKA  
4.431.   My delegation welcomes delegations of Switzerland  and Liechtenste in led by 
H.E. Mr Markus  Schlagenhof , Delegate of the Federal Council for Trade Agreements  and head of the 
Swiss delegation , and H.E.  Ambassador Kurt Jäger, head of delegation  and Permanent 
Representative  of Liechtenstein in Geneva. We thank the WTO Secret ariat and Governments of both 
countries for their comprehensive Reports made available to the delegations and appreciate 
Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore on his insightful information and analysis as the 
discussant.  
4.432.   My delegation acknowledges that Sw itzerland and Liechtenstein are among the top 
high-per capita income countries in the world and are very well integrated into international trade, 
investment and enjoy favourable economic conditions with an increased emphasis on sustainable 
development. Sw itzerland is also one of the world's most innovative economies and a net exporter 
of intellectual property. Nevertheless, they also face similar challenges, including the ageing of the 
population, low productivity growth, adaptation to digitalization, clim ate change, and risks posed by 
high levels of household debt. Further, the COVID -19 pandemic has declined real GDP growth in 
both countries in 2020. However, strong financial buffers and prompt responses by Governments to 
the pandemic have declined negative effects on long term economic prospects.  
4.433.   It is also significant to note that b oth countries remain committed to the rules -based 
multilateral trading system and actively participate in WTO activities. Both countries are supporting 
the Buenos  Aires Declaration on Women and Trade and participating in the JSIs on E -Commerce, 
MSMEs, and Services D omestic Regulation. In addition, Switzerland participates in the JSI on 
Investment Facilitation for Development. We wish to recognize all those initiatives and participation, 
which both delegations have pursued as leading to intensify the multila teral trading system.  
4.434.   Also, we have noted that both countries have entered into several RTAs under the auspicious 
of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) which indicates their economic integration with other 
countries in different regions. It is also  noteworthy to mention that over the review period, 
Switzerland has taken steps to reform legal and regulatory processes and customs procedures and 
Liechtenstein has introduced simplified registration procedures for certain types of business activity. 
Both countries launched strategies to digitally transform government services, implemented new 
reforms to comply with international standards on corporate income tax and introduced laws and 
measures to promote energy efficiency and the production of renewable energy. My delegation 
acknowledges the announcement made by the Swiss Government to eliminate all duties on industrial 
goods with effect on 1  January  2024.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.435.   We have also noted that during the time of the previous review, both countries have applied 
import a nd export prohibitions and restrictions, but no export taxes or duties and no trade remedial 
measures have been imposed. Further, Switzerland has implemented new food legislation in 2017 
to harmonize the Swiss law with EU law. Switzerland places a great im portance on agriculture sector 
in terms of food security, environmental protection and in 2018, the Swiss authorities decided to 
abolish export subsidies for agricultural products. Both countries have a strong manufacturing and 
services base and they have taken several regulatory and policy measures to expand the contribution 
of these sectors to their economies while identifying research and innovations as priority strategies.  
4.436.   When considers the bilateral cooperation between Switzerland and Sri  Lanka, two c ountries 
have engaged in regular political dialogue since 2013 whereas last session was held in 2021. 
Sri Lanka and Switzerland signed a migration agreement in 2018 and Sri  Lanka is the only Asian 
country with which Switzerland has entered into such an agr eement. A MoU was signed between 
Ceylon Chamber of Commerce of Sri  Lanka and Swiss – Asian Chamber of Commerce in 2016 with 
the objective of developing stronger business relations between the two countries.  
4.437.   The trade relations between Sri  Lanka and Switzer land stand at a moderate level. Total trade 
between the two countries was USD  225 million in 2021. Sri  Lanka's exports to Switzerland was 
USD 126 million in 2021 mainly comprising precious stones, fish, apparel and electrical parts for 
switching. Sri  Lanka 's imports from Switzerland was USD  98 million in 2021 comprising clocks and 
watches and their parts, medical and surgical instruments, electronic integrated circuits and micro 
assemblies.  
4.438.   Sri Lanka is a beneficiary country under the Swiss GSP scheme whic h is in operation 
since 1972. The Swiss GSP Scheme grants duty free market access on most of agricultural and 
industrial products and 50% MOP for textiles and clothing products. The utilization rate of Swiss GSP 
scheme by Sri  Lankan exports was around 30% in 2021. Since 2005, Sri  Lanka has received 
USD 105 million worth FDIs from Switzerland. A Bilateral Investment Treaty and a Double Tax 
Avoidance Agreement between the two countries are in force. Sri  Lanka received a substantial 
number of tourists from Swi tzerland in past few years.  
4.439.   Furthermore, Sri  Lanka believes that there are many areas to be discovered to strengthen 
the bilateral relations between Switzerland and Sri  Lanka and we look forward to exploring those 
opportunities mainly in sectors, such as t rade in apparel, tea, coconut -based products and services 
such as ICT and further, collaboration in the hospitality education and management is also feasible.  
4.440.   Joining other delegations, we wish to thank Ambassador Didier  Chambovey, Permanent 
Representative  of Switzerland to the WTO as its commendable work as the Chair of the General 
Council, my delegation has bee n profited w hile working with the team in Geneva as it is always a 
pleasure  and a privilege to have worked with such dedicated capable and dynamic team . 
4.441.   In concluding, Sri  Lanka wishes the delegation of Switzerland and Liechtenstein a successful 
deliberation and productive outcomes on their Trade Policy Review.  
HONDURAS  
4.442.   Honduras le da la más cordial bienvenida a toda la delegación de Suiza y L iechtenstein , 
encabezados por sus Jefes de Delegación, al mismo tiempo agradecemos su declaración y por su 
informe.  
4.443.   Extendemos nuestro agradecimiento a usted Presidente por su conducción y or ientación, al 
ponente, por sus valiosos aportes y a la Secretaría de la OMC por el excelente trabajo realizado.  
4.444.   Honduras mantiene unas excelentes relaciones con los Miembros objetos de examen. En 
el 2020, la Corporación Suiza para el Desarrollo (COSUDE), a signó alrededor de CHF 20 millones a 
Honduras, apoyando áreas como ser la promoción de las mipymes, la gobernanza, y la mejora en la 
infraestructura de los servicios públicos locales, por mencionar algunas.  
4.445.   En ese orden, aprovechamos esta oportunidad para agradecer y destacar que con la 
implementación de los programas y proyectos de la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo, se ha WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  contribuido a consolidar el funcionamiento del Estado de derecho, potenciando la part icipación 
articulada de las organizaciones de sociedad civil, en particular, en los procesos de auditoría social 
y rendición de cuentas.  
4.446.   Asimismo, algunos programas y proyectos financiados por la COSUDE, han permitido 
fortalecer la gestión integrada de recursos hídricos con un enfoque de cuencas, y se ha reforzado la 
participación de la sociedad civil en el desarrollo, impactando en la reducción de la pobreza y el 
desarrollo sostenible inclusivo.  
4.447.   La implementación de la estrategia 2018 -2021, por parte de l a cooperación suiza, ha 
contribuido a que , en la región, alrededor de 460 .000 personas obtuvieran acceso al agua y 
saneamiento, que más de 569 .000 personas se beneficien de caminos o puentes rehabilitados y que 
miles de habitantes vivan en condiciones más resilientes ante el constante riesgo de los desastres 
naturales.  
4.448.   Adicionalmente, las alianzas públic o-privadas establecidas con financiamiento del COSUDE, 
para las cadenas de valor del cacao y de la pesca, permitieron que 11 .600 familias accedieran a 
créditos, precios justos y asistencia técnica, a fin que se puedan mejorar sus ingresos.  
4.449.   Específicamente, en el sector del cacao, se contribuyó con la creación de 14 .650 empleos.  
4.450.   El comercio entre Suiza y Honduras tiene un alcance limitado pero con un potencial. En 
2021,  Honduras importó USD 30 millones en principalmente productos farmacéuticos y maquinaria 
y exporto alrededor de USD 45 millones en productos agrícolas entre otros.  
4.451.   De los informes presentados, nos satisface observar que durante la crisis  de la COVID -19, 
la economía y el comercio de Suiza, dieron muestras de una relativa resiliencia debido a la estructura 
diversificada de la economía, una fuerte apertura internacional, un sistema educativo de gran 
calidad, un mercado laboral flexible, una carga impositiva moderada, una hacienda pública saneada, 
una firme cooperación entre los agentes sociales y una sólida estabilidad política.  
4.452.   Suiza es una de las economías más innovadoras y competitivas del mundo y fue uno de los 
primeros países en adentrar se en sectores como el de la tecnología financiera y de criptomonedas. 
No podemos dejar de mencionar, el compromiso de Suiza de reducir sus emisiones de gases de 
efecto invernadero al menos en un 50% para 2030 y de lograr la neutralidad climática de aquí 
a 2050.  
4.453.   En el caso de Liechtenstein, los informes indican que sus finanzas públicas se caracterizan 
por una deuda prácticamente nula y nunca ha registrado un saldo comercial negativo. Asimismo, 
observamos, que ha reforzado sus normas jurídicas para prevenir  y luchar contra el blanqueo de 
dinero y la financiación del terrorismo.  
4.454.   Notamos que tanto Suiza como Liechtenstein, cuentan con instituciones democráticas 
sólidas, altos niveles de especialización en la producción con valor añadido, situaciones fiscales 
robustas, tasas de desempleo bajas, poblaciones muy instruidas y ambos han puesto en marcha 
estrategias para transformar digitalmente los servicios del Estado y hacerlos más eficientes y 
rentables.  
4.455.   Finalmente, Honduras reconoce los aportes, logros y la acti va participación de Suiza y 
Liechtenstein en la OMC y les deseamos el mayor de los éxitos en la presentación de su examen de 
políticas las comerciales.  
PARAGUAY  
4.456.   La República del Paraguay quisiera extender un cordial saludo a las delegaciones de la Suiza 
y Liechtenstein que participan de este sexto examen de las políticas comerciales. De igual manera, 
quisiéramos agradecerle a usted por la conducción de este examen, así como a la Secretaría por la 
elaboración del exhaustivo informe.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.457.   Nos congratulamos en par ticular por el excelente manejo de las consecuencias económicas 
y la recuperación postpandemia. Vemos que, a pesar de haber sufrido la mayor reducción del PIB 
registrada en decenios, la contracción del PIB real fue mucho menor a la de otros países con simi lares 
condiciones y se estima un crecimiento en torno al 3% para los años 2021 y 2022.  
4.458.   Como resalta la Secretaría en su informe, Suiza y Liechtenstein están entre los países con 
mayor renta per  cápita del mundo y tienen una importante participación en el comercio mundial.  
4.459.   A pesar de esto, lamentamos disentir con la apreciación que hacen tanto el informe de la 
Secretaría como de los Gobiernos en lo que refiere a la orientación a la apertura de mercados que 
puede ser apreciada para productos industriales, pa ra los que Suiza eliminará los derechos de 
aduana aplicados a partir del 1  de enero  de 2024.  
4.460.   Sin embargo, en el caso de los productos agrícolas se percibe que el arancel promedio es 
notoriamente más alto, alcanzando incluso picos de hasta 671,3%, y muestra  progresividad 
arancelaria, aranceles ajustables, aranceles estacionales y aranceles dentro del contingente y 
además es un sector altamente distorsionado debido al alto nivel de subsidios que recibe.  
4.461.   Los aranceles específicos de Suiza y Liechtenstein no s olo son elevados, sino que son poco 
transparentes y dificultan su análisis como puede apreciarse en las notas técnicas de la Secretaría 
al calcular los equivalentes ad valorem  y las reservas presentadas por las autoridades suizas sobre 
dicha metodología.  
4.462.   En cuanto a los contingentes arancelarios, el Paraguay está especialmente interesado en el 
CHQ5 contingente arancelario de Carne, segundo producto de exportación a Suiza en el que podemos 
apreciar una tasa de utilización de más del 100% cada a ño, 193% en el 2017, 114% en el 2018, 
116% en el 2019 y 220% en el 2020.  
4.463.   Vemos con esto que a pesar de que la producción local no puede abastecer la demanda de 
carne, en particular vacuna, y la progresiva disminución del consumo per  cápita de carne en Suiz a 
debido quizás al alto precio de esta en el mercado local el contingente no es aumentado ni el arancel 
extra cuota aplicado disminuido, lo que generaría mayor certidumbre a los productores interesados 
en exportar a Suiza.  
4.464.   Mejoras en acceso a mercado y de naturaleza regulatoria fueron acordadas en principio en 
el 2019 entre los países del M ERCOSUR  y EFTA, esperamos se pueda concluir la revisión legal y 
lograr la entrada en vigor del acuerdo en la mayor brevedad posible para profundizar nuestra relación 
come rcial altamente complementaria.  
4.465.   En el ámbito de la OMC valoramos el apoyo que Suiza brinda al sistema multilateral del 
comercio, destacamos en particular el trabajo de los colegas y amigos de la Misión Permanente de 
Suiza ante la OMC desde la actual presid encia del Embajador Chambovey bajo cuya dirección avanza 
el órgano decisorio de más alto nivel de la OMC en Ginebra hasta el trabajo conjunto que llevamos 
adelante a distintos niveles con los colegas y amigos de la Misión Permanente Suiza entre los que 
podemos resaltar en especial el acercamiento honesto y trabajo conjunto que estamos llevando 
adelante en el Comité de Agricultura a pesar de las sensibilidades y diferencia de posiciones en el 
tema y el trabajo en las iniciativas conjuntas como la de Comercio  Electrónico, Comercio y Género 
y Mipymes.  
4.466.   En nombre de mi país, reitero mis felicitaciones a quienes tienen a su cargo la conducción 
de este examen y a los delegados de la Misión Permanente de Suiza y Liechtenstein en Ginebra, por 
su siempre activa partic ipación y contribución a los trabajos de esta Organización.  
KYRGYZ  REPUBLIC  
4.467.   The Kyrgyz  Republic is very pleased to take part in the sixth  Trade Policy Review of 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein and wishes to extend a very warm welcome to the delegations led b y 
H.E. Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, Delegate for Trade Agreements of Switzerland  and H.E. Mr  Kurt Jäger , 
Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein in Geneva.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.468.   We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the WTO Secretariat and 
the Governme nts of Switzerland and Liechtenstein for providing such comprehensive reports on the 
trade policies and practices. We would also like to thank the discussant, H.E.  Mr Hung Seng Tan, 
Permanent Representative of Singapore to the WTO, for his insightful comme nts. 
4.469.   I would like to take this moment to congratulate our countries on the 30th anniversary of the 
establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kyrgyz  Republic and Switzerland. Since then, the 
two countries have cultivated a reliable partnership. Switzerland continues to be one of the strategic 
partners of the Kyrgyz  Republic  both bilaterally and within the framework of international 
organizations and in stitutions. Sharing a voting group in the Bretton Woods Institutions is a key 
element of our partnership and we value the long -standing relations between our two countries  
4.470.   The areas of cooperation differ from trade capacity building and fostering economic 
development of the Kyrgyz  Republic  to strengthening governmental institutions and promoting rule 
of law. It is worth mentioning that Switzerland is one of the main donors a nd assistance partners of 
the Kyrgyz  Republic and it participates in the implementation of several national programs and 
development strategies in our country. For that, we would like to express our appreciation and 
gratitude to our Swiss colleagues.  
4.471.   Switz erland has a large development program in the Kyrgyz  Republic  with more than 
USD 20 million per year. Since 1994, Switzerland has granted more than CHF  450 million in the form 
of technical, financial, and humanitarian support to help improve the well -being  of the population. 
The new Swiss Cooperation Programme for the period of 2022 -2025 allocates more than 
USD 80 million to the Kyrgyz  Republic.   
4.472.   The Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation existing between 
the Kyrgyz  Republic and Swit zerland serves as another tool to deepen cooperation between the 
two countries. The primary purpose of establishing this Commission was precisely to establish and 
strengthen ties between business communities of both sides, development of business links, an d 
foster trade and investment cooperation between the two  countries . We would like to express our 
interest in the continuation of work in this direction as we have  not held a meeting since 2016.  
4.473.   According to our statistics, in 2021 the trade turnover betw een the Kyrgyz  Republic and 
Switzerland amounted to USD 65,459  million (exports – USD 54,567 million, USD 7,401 million  
imports – USD 10,892 million). Compared to the same period in 2020, trade increased by 77.91%.  
4.474.   Meanwhile, the economic and trade relations between Kyrgyzstan and Liechtenstein 
unfortunately are not of a satisfactory level so far and we do hope for further expansion and 
deepening of our relationship in this direction. We are particularly interested in attracting 
Liechtenstein 's direc t investments to the economy of the Kyrgyz  Republic and would also like the 
resumption of project activities of the Liechtenstein Development Service in the Kyrgyz  Republic . 
4.475.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are the most stable and resilient trading Members of  the WTO. 
They continue to be strong supporters of a rules -based multilateral trading system, making 
successful steps on the WTO platform by accepting and acceding to numerous agreements on trade 
facilitation and promotion. The two countries have a worldwi de trade network and vividly 
demonstrate the promotion of high -quality and high -technology production all over the countries.  
4.476.   Taking this opportunity, the Kyrgyz  Republic would like to thank Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein for their active and constructive p articipation in multilateral discussions through the 
WTO and wish a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
CAMBODIA  
4.477.   Cambodia is pleased to participate in the sixth joint Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein and warmly welcome s the delegation of Switzerland, led by H .E. Ambassador 
Markus  Schlagenhof, (Delegate of the Federal Council for Trade Agreements and head of the World 
Trade of State Secretariat for Economic Affairs – SECO) and delegation of Liechtenstein led by 
H.E. Ambassador Kurt  Jäger , Permanent Representative, Permanent Mission of Liechtenstein in 
Geneva.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.478.   Our special thanks also go to Chairperson and the discussant, H .E. Ambassador 
Hung  Seng Tan (Singapore), for his insightful and constructive remarks. We appreciate the reports 
prepa red by the Government of Switzerland and Liechtenstein and the Secretariat, which outline 
recent developments in their respective trade policies and practices.  
4.479.   At the outset, Cambodia applauds Switzerland and Liechtenstein for the sound economic 
prosperity  and stability since the previous Trade Policy Review in 2017.  
4.480.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are among the most integrated countries in the world, due 
both to their strategic geographical location and to their economic policy choices.  
4.481.   It is also noted tha t Switzerland remains committed to the rules -based multilateral trading 
system and actively participates in WTO activities, for instance, ratifying the Agreement on Trade 
Facilitation (TFA) and completing a large part of its implementation.  
4.482.   Switzerland and  Cambodia established diplomatic relations in 1963. The two countries enjoy 
good bilateral relations. Switzerland is supporting the transition process and economic development 
efforts in Cambodia. However, economic exchanges between the two countries are m inimal. Trade 
relations between the two countries are limited but growing, and exchanges also exist in the private 
sector. Switzerland's leading exports to Cambodia are pharmaceuticals, machinery , and gold. Its 
main imports are precious stones, textiles, s hoes, and agricultural products.  
4.483.   In terms of trade, the two -way trade between Cambodia and Switzerland was 
USD 31.72  million in 2020 and USD  875.48  million in 2021. Cambodia exported about 
USD 15.41  million and USD  10.37  million to Switzerland in 2020 and 2021, respectively. While, at 
the same period, Cambodia imported USD  16.31  million and USD  865.12  million from Switzerland. 
However, with regard to Liechtenstein two -way trade between Cambodia and Liechtenstein was 
relatively low.  
4.484.   In terms of investmen t, the FDI inflow from Switzerland and Liechtenstein to Cambodia has 
remained minimal. Seeing this, Cambodia would suggest Switzerland and Liechtenstein to increase 
imports from and as well as to increase investment to Cambodia.  
4.485.   We thank and appreciate the  delegation of the Switzerland in Geneva led by 
H.E. Ambassador Didier  Chambovey for his personal contribution to the WTO as Chair of the General 
Council, and his able team for their hard work in Geneva. We also extend our appreciation to 
H.E. Ambassador K urt Jäger of the delegation of Liechtenstein.  
4.486.   We commend Switzerland and Liechtenstein for taking an active part to support the 
integration of LDCs into the multilateral trading system.  
4.487.    To this end, we commit to working closely with the delegation of Sw itzerland and 
Liechtenstein and all Members in both bilateral and multilateral levels to strengthen our good 
cooperation for economic growth and development and to uphold multilateral trading system in a 
rules-based, fair, s ustainable , and inclusive enviro nment.  
4.488.   We wish Switzerland and Liechtenstein a successful conclusion of its sixth joint Trade Policy 
Review.  
TAJIKISTAN  
4.489.   Tajikistan is pleased to participate in the eighth  TPR of Switzerland and sixth joint TPR of 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein and would li ke to warmly welcome the entire delegation of Switzerland 
led by H.E.  Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, Ambassador, Federal Council Delegate for Trade Agreements of 
Switzerland and H.E.  Ambassador Mr  Didier  Chambovey and delegation of the Lichtenstein led by 
H.E. Ambassador Mr  Kurt Jäger  and would also like to congratulate Swiss and Liechtenstein 
delegations, Secretariat team for the reports prepared for this meeting and the discussant 
H.E. Ambassador Mr  Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore for his remarks.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.490.   The Founder of Peace and National Unity,  Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of 
Tajikistan H.E.  Mr Emomali  Rahmon paid an official visit to Switzerland in November  2019 and held 
a number of top level meetings.  
4.491.   These meetings were considered as an important step towards establishing mutually 
beneficial trade and economic cooperation between Tajikistan and Switzerland. During these 
meetings, in order to strengthen the ties between two sides, multiple cooperation documents were 
signed. As a result of mutually beneficial collaboration th e trade turnover between Tajikistan and 
Switzerland increased significantly.  
4.492.   The Government of Switzerland was one of the first governments who expressed its 
willingness to support the process of accession of the Republic of Tajikistan to the WTO. The firs t 
memorandum of implementation of Swiss aid program for Tajikistan to join the WTO was signed 
in 2001. The program was aimed at practical capacity building through assistance from the 
specialized institutions which dealt with international trade, including  WTO.  
4.493.   With support of Switzerland and other development partners a number of trade -related 
assistance projects have been implemented in Tajikistan. The projects in Tajikistan are designed to 
strengthen the sustainable expansion and diversification of SMEs  exports from Tajikistan. The 
project 's activities also aim to help minimi se the negative impacts of the COVID -19 pandemic on 
Tajikistan 's economy.  
4.494.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are among the top high -per capita income countries in the 
world and are well integrated into international trade.  
4.495.   Services account for about three  quarters of the Swiss economy. One particularity of the 
Liechtenstein economy is the importance of manufacturing, representing 40% of GDP in 2019. 
During the review period, and prior to the COVID -19 pandemic, real GDP growth in Switzerland was 
positive, ranging from 1.2% in 2019 to 2.9% in 2018. GDP growth in Liechtenstein tends to be more 
volatile because of the small size of the economy. Liechtenstein's GDP contracted by 2.3% i n 2019. 
Due to the COVID -19 pandemic, real GDP growth fell by 2.4% in 2020 in Switzerland, and further 
in Liechtenstein.  
4.496.   Switzerland and Liechtenstein are original Members of the WTO. Both countries are 
signatories to the GPA, as well as the ITA. Switzerl and and Liechtenstein accepted the TFA in 
September  2015. Both countries support the Buenos  Aires Declaration on Women and Trade and 
participate in the joint statement initiatives (JSIs) on: e -commerce; micro, small, and medium -sized 
enterprises (MSMEs); a nd services domestic regulation. Switzerland participates in the JSI on 
investment facilitation for development.  
4.497.   My delegation acknowledges Switzerland and Liechtenstein 's continued pursuit of trade 
liberalization and their contribution to and constructive  involvement in the WTO negotiations. We 
are confident that Switzerland and Liechtenstein will continue to undertake further trade and 
structural reforms to maintain an open WTO consistent trade regime.  
4.498.   In conclusion, I wish Switzerland and Liechtenstein a  very productive and successful Trade 
Policy Review.  
NEPAL  
4.499.   My delegation welcomes the delegation of Switzerland led by H.E.  Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, 
and delegation of Liechtenstein led by H.E.  Mr Kurt Jäger . I commend both the delegations for their 
insightful highlights of their respective Trade Policy Reviews this morning.   
4.500.   I appreciate H.E.  Mr Hung Seng Tan, Ambassador of Singapore for his comprehensive 
deliberation as discussant of this review meeting.  
4.501.   My delegation commends the Government of Switzerland, Government of Liechtenstein, and 
the WTO Secretariat for valuable reports.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.502.   Diversified economic structure, a high degree of international openness, a high -quality 
education system, a flexible labour ma rket, a moderate tax burden, sound public finances, 
well-established cooperation between social partners, and political stability among others remained 
highly commendable causing their resilient economies even during the COVID -19 crisis.  
4.503.   The COVID -19 tran sition strategy aiming to strengthen the economy's long -term recovery 
and increase growth potential remained a key policy objective Switzerland.  
4.504.   Nepal appreciates the entire efforts and contribution of Switzerland and Liechtenstein for 
strengthening rules -based, predictable, fair and inclusive multilateral trading system within the 
framework of the WTO.  
4.505.   Nepal as an LDC and LLDC Member of the WTO, appreciates Switzerland 's continued support 
and favourable action in reducing gaps in the level of development  between nations, promoting 
further integration of developing and least developed countries into the global economy, and making 
economic development more sustainable.  
4.506.    My delegation extends sincere appreciation to the Government of Switzerland for its supp ort 
in access to COVID -19 vaccines and medical goods in various LDCs including Nepal during the 
pandemic.  
4.507.   Furthermore, I take good note of entire health facilities especially in the period of COVID -19 
pandemic being extended to all foreigners especially d iplomats residing in Geneva.  
4.508.   Similarly, it is praiseworthy that Switzerland is one of the most innovative and competitive 
economies in the world. Consistent ranking of first in the Global Competitiveness Index and the 
Global Innovation Index is exemplary.   
4.509.   It is noteworthy to mention that Switzerland and Liechtenstein are among the top 
high-per capita income countries in the world and are very well integrated into international trade.  
4.510.   Their strong democratic institutions, educated populations, and a speci alization in 
value -added production can be lesson learned especially for developing and least developed 
countries.  
4.511.   My delegation takes good note of strong financial buffers and a prompt response by the 
Governments while fighting the COVID -19 pandemic.  
4.512.   Launching strategies to digitally transform government services and render them more 
efficient and cost -effective, implementation of new reforms to comply with international standards 
on corporate income tax by both Governments remained important.  
4.513.   Let me tu rn to the bilateral front , Nepal enjoys excellent bilateral relation with Switzerland 
and Liechtenstein. Having similar geo -political situation as landlocked countries, Nepal attaches 
great importance to her relations with Switzerland and Liechtenstein, which are based on mutual 
respect, friendship, and cooperation.  
4.514.   Switzerland has been a consistent supporter of Nepal and has extended her support to 
Nepal 's development process since 1950s in different sectors. Regular exchange of visits at various 
levels has contributed to further consolidating the relations between Nepal and Switzerland.  
4.515.   Nepal -Switzerland Bilateral Consultatio n Mechanism (BCM) has contributed to exploring and 
exploiting the areas of mutual benefits through its regular meetings and follow up.  
4.516.   Nepal, Switzerland , and Liechtenstein share similar views on many international issues. We 
uphold the primacy of multila teralism and multilateral decision -making process.  
4.517.   Trade, investment, tourism, energy, health, education, telecom , and ICT among others are 
some of the major areas where we have potential of mutual benefits.  
4.518.   Every year a significant number of Swiss touris ts arrive to Nepal for a lot of leisure activities.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  4.519.   Nepal -Switzerland trade relation has witnessed growth over the years. Based on the primary 
data Nepal imported goods worth of N PR 7 billion in the year 2020 while it exported to Switzerland 
worth of just  NPR 321 million in the same year.  
4.520.   The trade data reveals huge trade imbalance for Nepal. This demands additional 
collaboration and cooperation focusing on reducing this trade gap.  
4.521.   Nepal looks forward to strengthening its relation with Switzerland and Liechtenstein in the 
days ahead.  
4.522.   My delegation wishes for a successful joint Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein.  
BANGLADESH  
4.523.   At the outset, the Bangladeshi delegation welcomes Ambassador Markus  Schlagenhof, 
Federal Council Delegate for Trade Agreements of Switzerland and head of delegation, and 
Ambassador Kurt  Jäger , Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein, thank you for your introductory 
remarks . We also thank Ambass ador Hung  Seng Tan of Singapore for his ins ightful  remark s. Our 
sincere appreciation  goes to the W TO Secretariat  for the comprehensive reports . 
4.524.   The e conomies of Switzerland and Liechtenstein are closely integrated  thanks to their  
deliberate  policy choices and geographical reality . As you know, Switzerland is a small -landed and 
not endowed with significant natural resources ; yet it has emerged as an important economic power . 
Switzerland  is also one of the most innovative and competitive econo mies in the world as reported 
it has consistently ranked first in the Global Competitiveness Index  compiled by the World Economic 
Forum  and partner institutions. Switzerland is also ranked first in the Global Innovation Index . 
4.525.   In recent years, it has repor tedly fallen a few places in the World  Bank's Ease of Doing 
Business Ranking , but still ranked very high. We note a combination of factors underpinning th ese 
results has contributed to the resilience of the Swiss economy in recent years, for example , durin g 
the financial crisis and the COVID -19 crisis. Is encouraging to see that prudent macroeconomic 
measures adopted by the country have resulted in impressive economic growth and remarkable 
improvement in almost all indexes.  
4.526.   Since the las t TPR  in 2017, relat ively strong economic fundamentals and solid b uffers to 
external  shocks have helped the country  to maintain macro economic stability. We  commend 
Switzerland for this success. As it is well known, the strong outward -orientation of the Swiss 
economy has been one of the pillars of Swiss growth for many years . It is highly dependent on 
foreign trade . 
4.527.   The Swiss economy has been successful at productive submission and generation of a sizable 
share of domestic value -added on export products.  Switzerland's trade policy priority on multilateral 
non-discriminatory rules is complemented by a goal of continuous expansion and deepening of trade 
relations through regional and bilateral approaches.  
4.528.   It attaches high importance to reducing gaps in the level of development between nations 
to promoting the further integration of developing and the least developed countries into the global 
economy and to the need  make economic development more sustainable . It is not a surprise that 
Switzerland strongly sup ports the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and measures that 
promote socially and environmentally sustainable economic growth.  
4.529.   Switzerland remains more susceptible than other larger economies to changing 
circumstances in the external environment, an d important determinant for the Swiss economy, 
generally is the economic performance of the European  Union making it by far Switzerland's  most 
important tra ding partner . 
4.530.    Earlier this year, Bangladesh and Switzerland celebrated 50  years of bilateral relati ons. Our 
two countries enjoy excellent trade and economic rel ations , though bilateral trade is largely tilted 
towards Switzerland . Broad -based institutional mechanisms of dialogue exist and  have contributed WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  to the deepening of our relations. Major ex port i tems from Bangladesh are re ady-made g arments , 
textiles , and lea ther, while chemicals and m achinery  are the main export items from Switzerland to 
Bangladesh . 
4.531.   Surely, there is  scope to further strengthen the tr ade relations  between our two  countries, 
and both sides are seriously working through existing framework of bilateral cooperation as well as 
through non -traditional means.  
4.532.   Bangladesh appreciates Switzerland's  constructive engagement with the WTO, and its 
commitment  to a multilateral t rading system . We look forward to a decisive and proactive role  of 
the delegation of  Switzerland  as the current Chair of the WTO General Council in the forthcoming 
Ministerial Conference . 
4.533.   We wish the delegation of Switzerland and the delegation of Liechten stein a productive and 
successful TPR.  My delegation will continue to work closely to Switzerland and Liechtenstein led  by 
Ambassador Didier  Chambovey and Ambassador Kurt Jäger  to strengthen the  multilateral tra ding 
system as we strive to enhance our bilat eral ties. 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE S OF SWITZERLAND AND LIECHTENSTEIN  AND 
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  
H.E.  MR MARKUS  SCHLAGENHOF  (SWITZERLAND)  
5.1.  First of all, on behalf of the Swiss delegation I would like to thank all the Members who 
participated and contributed to this Trade Policy Review. At Wednesday 's meeting, no less than 
49 Members took the floor. The vast majority of speakers noted many positive aspects of Switzerland 
trade policy. Our commitment to the rules -based, inclusive, transparent and pr edictable multilateral 
trading system was widely praised. I was particularly touched by the expressions of gratitude for 
the constructive role that Switzerland plays in the WTO and the role of the current Chair of the 
General Council. All these positive st atements encourage us to continue on this path. I also 
appreciate the recognition of our support to the least developed countries and our development 
policy in general.  
5.2.  There were frequent references to Switzerland's resilience during the C OVID -19 pandemi c, its 
good governance, competitiveness and diversity of its economy. Members welcomed Switzerland's 
open trade regime, which greatly contributes to its integration into the global economy. Our policy 
of facilitating imports in a context of uncertainty was  highlighted.  
5.3.  In that regard, Members welcomed in particular our decision to eliminate customs duties on 
industrial goods as of 1 January  2024, as well as the so -called DaziT program that will provide for 
the systematic simplification and full digitalizati on of all customs procedures by the end of 2026.  
5.4.  Let me now get back to some of the important points that Members and the discussant, 
Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan, have raised.  
Economic environment and trade and investment regimes  
5.5.  As regards the institutional  framework  of our trade policy, several Members raised the issue of 
our participation in various free trade agreements. Our priority remains the strengthening of the 
multilateral trading system, inter alia through the necessary reform of the WTO. In our vi ew, the 
conclusion of bilateral and regional free trade free trade agreements is  a complementary avenue of 
opening up to the global market. And they have proven in the past to stimulate discussions also at 
the multilateral level. Likewise, participation to  open plurilateral initiatives support and contribute to 
the multilateral trading system. On that point, many Members positively noted Switzerland 's 
participation in all Joint Statement Initiatives as well as in other plurilateral agreements, including 
the ITA and the GPA.  
5.6.  In the area of investment , several Members asked whether Switzerland intended to further 
liberali ze sectors under monopoly or controlled by state enterprises. Switzerland is very open to 
foreign investment and restrictions may apply to only a few sectors. This is the case for some 
passenger transport companies, some specific postal services, and compulsory insurance against 
fire and natural damage. These state monopolies are clearly defined in the Swiss constitution. In 
this regard, Memb ers noted with satisfaction the liberalization of the ethanol market in 2019.  
Trade policy instruments  
5.7.  Let me now address a few points in relation to our trade policy instruments. Firstly, I would 
like to address the issue of maintaining our specific tariffs . Switzerland does, for the time being, not 
envisage changing its tariff system. In our view, this system is simple, transparent and predictable, 
since it is invariant to a numbe r of factors including exchange rates fluctuations and raising prices 
of agricultural products.  
5.8.  Several Members referred to the "Cassis de Dijon" principle – an autonomous measure taken 
by Switzerland. According to this principle, products that comply with  EU technical regulations can 
be freely marketed in Switzerland without any further controls. Exceptions to this principle are 
justified by public interests, such as the protection of health, humans, animals and the environment. 
Exceptions are periodically  reviewed to reassess their justification. The Cassis de Dijon principle 
applies exclusively to products from the European  Union and the European Economic Area. However, WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  it also benefits non -European producers, if they meet the technical requirements of th e 
European  Union.  
5.9.  We receive a number of questions on our regime of guarantee fund contributions . Switzerland 
is aware that guarantee fund contributions together with applied customs duties may exceed the 
bound rates for certain tariff lines. In 2019, Switzerland launched a project to modify the compulsory 
reserve regime for rice and coffee. This project has not been finali zed, yet. Reflections on National 
Economic Supply are on -going and a revision of the legal basis is in preparation, following the 
COVID-19 crisis and a planned reorganization of the Federal Office for National Economic Supply.  
5.10.  At our last TPR in 2017, several Members noted that we had not ratified the revised 
Government Procurement Agreement. This issue has been solved given that Switz erland ratified the 
revised GPA in 2021 and with this also has harmonized its respective legislation at federal and 
sub-federal level.  
Sectoral policies  
Agriculture  
5.11.   We received many questions in relation to agriculture. I will limit myself to answering tho se 
of a more political nature, as technical questions were answered in detail in writing.  
5.12.  Since the early 1990s, Switzerland agricultural policy has undergone multiple developments 
aimed at strengthening the role of the market. The constant evolution of t he global economy and of 
national and international market conditions requires a continuous analysis of existing policies and 
adjustments to them where necessary. In order to contribute to transforming current global food 
systems into resilient  and sustain able global food systems, the objective of the Swiss Government 
is to enhance the competitiveness not only of its agriculture but also of our farms on national and 
international markets, manage natural resources sustainably and ensure food security.  
5.13.  Severa l speakers asked us what steps Switzerland envisages to further liberalize our 
agriculture . Agricultural policy is conducted according to a long -term strategy and built upon stable, 
foreseeable and coherent conditions for farming which permits mid and long -term improvements 
along our overall objectives. Thus, the Swiss Government takes into account factors of a 
non-commercial nature such as contributing to the sustainable development, the particular 
topography of the Swiss landscape and the distribution of the Swiss population on its territory.  
5.14.  At the multilateral level, Switzerland will pursue its constructive enga gement in negotiations, 
underlining the need to adequately take into account non -trade concerns like food security according 
to our constitution. During the period under review, Switzerland has demonstrated its commitment 
by eliminating export subsidies on  agricultural products, in accordance with the decision adopted at 
the Tenth Ministerial Conference (MC10) in Nairobi, which required the national legislation to be 
amended.  
5.15.  Many Members have emphasized the high level of tariffs  for agricultural products. It should 
be recalled that trade is mainly conducted within TRQs at reduced rates. In this sense, the finding 
of high average tariffs (including out of quota rates) does not reflect an economically correct picture 
of market access into Switzerland, as a ne t food importing country.  
5.16.  Several Members referred to our system of quota administration, which is often seen as 
complex. The tariff quota instrument guarantees access to the Swiss market at reduced tariff rates. 
Switzerland regularly and significantly inc reases its tariff quotas to meet domestic demand. In 
addition, some tariff quotas are no longer administered and products subject to quota conditions 
can be imported in unlimited quantities. The use of this instrument is in line with WTO rules.  
5.17.  I hope that  with these explanations I have been able to address many of the questions and 
remarks that have been addressed to us. I am grateful for the opportunity to present our views.  
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  H.E.  MR KURT  JÄGER  (LIECHTENSTEIN)  
5.18.  Let me start by thanking all delegations, ou r discussant, Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng and 
you, Mr  Chairman, for the interest shown in the Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and  Liechtenstein 
and for all the questions and comments received.  
5.19.  During our meeting on Wednesday, many delegations welcomed the positive development of 
their trade and investment relations with Liechtenstein during the review period despite the heavy 
impact of the global pandemic. The absolute numbers of that trade may appear to be rather modest 
in some cases, but when put in relat ion to the size of my country 's economy they are still an 
indication of the high degree of integration of Liechtenstein into global trade and investment flows. 
For this very reason, Liechtenstein has repeatedly expressed, in words and in deeds, its strong 
support for the multilateral, rules -based trading system which is at the core of the activities of this 
organization. This system has been shattered in its foundations by the Russia n Federation' s military 
aggression against Ukraine and Russia n Federation' s flagrant violation of international law. Economic 
measures implemented by Liechtenstein against the Russia n Federation  - in coordination with our 
partners - are aimed at restoring peace and security. We consider them necessary to protect our 
essential sec urity interests and to be fully consistent with relevant exceptions of the 
WTO Agreement.  
5.20.  We are pleased that the information on the new Liechtenstein Law on Tokens and Trusted 
Technology Service Providers, also called Blockchain Act, has awakened quite some interest among 
delegations. Although the practical experience with that act is still somewhat limited because of its 
entry into force only two years ago, we see a lot of potential in this legal framework for the token 
economy and its application  in Liechtenstein’s trade and investment relations. The Blockchain Act is 
an important element of Liechtenstein 's digital roadmap to address the digitali zation of its economy. 
This roadmap also includes an e -government strategy with the goal to provide all  public services 
digitally. Citizens and companies (which we both refer to as customers) will be able to access their 
data and use it in administrative and business processes with public authorities, relying on the 
"once-only" principle. All services of th e National Administration are progressively going to be 
provided in a digital way, which increases efficiency and transparency. Regardless of opening hours, 
many services will be available 24/7. The aim is that, from 2023 onwards, all communication 
between  companies and public authorities must be conducted electronically.  
5.21.  The increasing use of new technologies and IT systems is accompanied by numerous 
advantages, but also dangers. Due to global networking and the great density of data that technical 
progres s brings with it , every user can become a potential target of cybercrime. For that reason, a 
central element of the digital roadmap is the prevention of and fight against cybercrime. In this area, 
Liechtenstein has established a very close cooperation with  Switzerland in order to reduce its 
vulnerabilities.  
5.22.  As to vulnerabilities that are linked to Liechtenstein 's size and its high dependence on 
international trade, a point raised by several delegations, the strategy of the Liechtenstein 
Government aims at further extending the network of preferential trade agreements, thereby 
diversifying the pool of potential partners for economic operators. Besides free trade agreement and 
tax information exchange arrangements, comprehensive trade and investment relations  nowadays 
also need to include rules governing the topic of double taxation. Accordingly, Liechtenstein will 
continue to extend its network of Double Taxation Agreements as an important element of the 
framework conditions offered to economic operators – both local and foreign.  
5.23.  Today 's trade policies cannot be elaborated and implemented without rooting them firmly in 
an overall strategy for sustainable development. In this context, Liechtenstein is pleased to be part 
of the Trade and Environmental Sustainabi lity Structured Discussion (TESSD) at the WTO and 
considers that the related initiative on fossil fuel subsidies has gained increased attention in view of 
the looming energy crisis.  
5.24.  Sustainability has become the guiding principle of the Liechtenstein Gove rnment in its 
program me for the years 2021 to 2025. Sustainability in all of its dimensions – economic, ecologic 
and social – will be a key consideration for future projects. In that sense, the Government has 
adopted or is currently preparing a considerabl e number of initiatives. Let me mention a few.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  5.25.  By 2050, Liechtenstein shall become climate neutral. To this end, the Energy Strategy  2030 
as well as the Energy Vision  2050 include clear targets to phase out fossil fuels and gradually replace 
them by renewa ble energies. This will further reduce Liechtenstein 's dependency on energy imports 
and therefore also increase the resilience of the economy against external shocks. For instance, the 
Government has recently published a draft legislation to introduce an o bligation to install 
photovoltaics on all buildings in Liechtenstein. By consistently promoting solar energy, Liechtenstein 
has been the "solar world champion " since 2015 with the highest per  capita installed photovoltaic 
capacity. In addition, the Governm ent currently aims at introducing a prohibition of the installation 
of heating system that are based on fossil fuels. The legislation is currently under public consultation. 
Another initiative relates to a new Agricultural Strategy, which is currently also  under public 
consultation. The focus of this strategy lies on agroecology, regionality, health and nutrition.  
5.26.  Regarding the agricultural sector, which attracted quite some comments and questions in our 
review, Liechtenstein fully shares Switzerland 's poli cy of recognizing the multifunctional role of 
agriculture, a role that goes well beyond the mere calculation of the contribution of that sector to 
the GDP. About two thirds of the territory of Liechtenstein are hilly and mountainous areas. The 
general main tenance of its rural character is one the overarching goals of Liechtenstein 's internal 
development policy. Agricultural use of the mountainous areas ensures their ecological and economic 
sustainability, which in turn is also an important factor for Liecht enstein 's positioning as an attractive 
tourism destination. Such use and maintenance of these mountainous areas is, however, associated 
with high costs. Green box measures are therefore necessary and enjoy widespread public support 
in Liechtenstein despite  their high price.  
5.27.  We are convinced that sustainability, digitali zation, and diversification are key in order to 
ensure a stable and resilient economy for the future. The diversification of the economy, 
strengthening entrepreneurship and creating an enabling environment for MSMEs will therefore 
remain a key priority of the Liechtenstein Government. For small companies with no overseas 
presence and limited resources, which make up the bulk of our businesses, an open trade policy is 
crucial. Simple proc edures and legal certainty regarding market access are essential. Similarly, 
connecting start -ups and growth -oriented MSMEs seeking capital with investors and decision -makers 
will continue to be an important policy tool to promote the further diversificati on of the Liechtenstein 
economy.  
5.28.   This brings me to the end of my statement. Let me express again our appreciation for the 
comments and questions of delegations which provided very valuable input.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.29.  The sixth joint Trade Policy Review of Switzerla nd and Liechtenstein, which attracted close to 
500 questions and more than 50  national statements, has  been a constructive and fruitful exercise. 
This TPR has allowed us to deepen our understanding of both Members ' trade and investment 
policies, as well as take stock of significant developments since the last review in 2017. This morning, 
I would like to share my observations by addressing three questions.  
5.30.  First, what are some of the key areas in which Switzerland a nd Liechtenstein have done well 
in this year 's TPR?  Based on the statements delivered, there are four key areas.  
• One, Members have commended both Switzerland and Liechtenstein for successfully 
responding to the challenges of the pandemic. As noted by many  Members, the structural 
strengths of their economies have made Switzerland and Liechtenstein more resilient to 
global macroeconomic shocks.  
• Two, many Members have also commended Switzerland 's decision to remove applied tariffs 
on industrial products and streamline their tariff structure from 1  January  2024. Members 
noted that the removal of tariffs will benefit the Swiss economy by lowering barriers to trade 
and strengthening competition.  
• Three, Members have also applauded the clear vision and sound econ omic management 
policies of both Switzerland and Liechtenstein, and noted Switzerland 's consistent top 
ranking in numerous surveys such as the Global Competitiveness Index and the Global 
Innovation Index.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  • Four, Members applaud the commitment of Switzerlan d and Liechtenstein to support and 
strengthen the WTO. In his opening statements on Wednesday, Ambassador Schlagenhof 
rightly pointed out, "multilateral solutions continue to be the best way to avoid discrimination 
between countries and regions ". Similarly , Ambassador Jäger  said that Liechtenstein is 
"convinced that a strong and fair multilateral trading system is of benefit to all WTO 
Members, irrespective of their size or levels of development ". 
5.31.  Second, what are some of the areas in which Switzerland and Liechtenstein can do better, as 
highlighted by Members? Let me focus on three key areas.  
• One, despite the open nature of its economy, many Members have encouraged Switzerland 
to liberali ze its heavily -protected agriculture market. Members have pointed to h igh tariffs 
rates, with some tariff -lines exceeding 600%. Members have also pointed to the high -level 
of domestic subsidies that the agriculture sector receives, with direct payment to farmers 
almost three times the OECD -average. Members also urged Switzer land to submit 
outstanding notifications, including on agriculture domestic support and tariff quotas as soon 
as possible, so as to comply with WTO transparency obligations which underpin the operation 
of the rules -based global trading system.   
• Two, Membe rs have also expressed concerns with Switzerland 's decision to reject the 
framework agreement with the European  Union and its implications on mutual recognition 
agreements on products such as medical devices. Some Members noted that the Swiss 
authorities ' new requirements have imposed additional costs on their manufacturers and 
urged Switzerland to provide more clarity to its new rules.  
• Three, many developing Members expressed their appreciation for the technical assistance 
and capacity -building that Switz erland and Liechtenstein have provided, in areas such as 
intellectual property, trade facilitation and dispute settlement. Moving forward, these 
Members have requested both Switzerland and Liechtenstein to provide more technical 
assistance and capacity in areas such as e-commerce, sustainability and climate change, in 
particular to their MSMEs to enable them to better cope with 21st century issues.  
5.32.  Finally, what can Switzerland and Liechtenstein do to be more prepared for the future? There 
are at least two important elements for future -proofing.  
• One, Switzerland and Liechtenstein could continue to focus on creating a conducive 
environment for innovation. In this regard, we have heard many Members commend 
Liechtenstein for the innovative Blockchain Act, which  will not only provide a more 
predictable legal environment, but also preserve the incentives for innovation. Many 
Members have also commended the Swiss Government 's constant emphasis on innovation 
policy, including the role of innovation agency InnoSuisse  and its vital role in promoting 
innovating projects and start -ups. This includes Switzerland 's efforts in the DaziT  digital 
transformation programme and the Customs Single Window project. In this context, I 
welcome the active participation of Switzerland and Liechtenstein in the Joint Statement 
Initiative (JSI) on E -Commerce.  
• Two, Switzerland and Liechtenstein could a ddress new and emerging issues such as trade 
and sustainability. Switzerland have joined two initiatives, namely, the trade and 
environmental sustainability structured discussions (TESSD) and the Informal Dialogue on 
Plastics (IDP) pollution and environmen tally sustainable plastics trade. While Members have 
commended Liechtenstein 's participation in the TESSD, they have also called for 
Liechtenstein to join the informal dialogue on plastics pollution. I would join encourage 
Liechtenstein to do so as well.  
5.33.  Let me end by congratulating Switzerland and Liechtenstein on a successful sixth joint TPR. I 
look forward to both Members continuing to play an active and constructive role in the WTO.  
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  EGYPT  
5.34.  At the outset, allow me to join previous speakers in extendin g a very warm welcome to the 
delegations of Switzerland and Li echtenstein, headed by H .E. Ambassador Markus  Schlagenhof and 
H.E. Ambassador  Kurt Jäger , respectively.  
5.35.  We express our appreciation to the Governments of both Switzerland and Li echtenstein, as 
well as the WTO Secretariat for their comprehensive reports, and thank Ambassador Hung  Seng Tan 
of Singapore for his insightful comments as discussant.  
5.36.  Egypt seizes this opportunity to express its appreciation to the Swiss Government for its 
marked hospita lity, as well as its efforts in hosting MC12, which we share the endeavour to make a 
great success. We commend Ambassador Chambovey of Switzerland for his concerted efforts in the 
several roles His Excellency assumes to this effect.  
5.37.  The unprecedented chal lenges facing the multilateral trading system and the slowdown of 
trade growth rates in recent years, require the collaboration of all Members to restore faith in the 
WTO and ensure that development remains an integral component of all negotiating outcomes . 
5.38.  We acknowledge the leading role Switzerland and Li echtenstein play in strengthening the  
multilateral trading system , and their active engagement in all negotiations, as well as their dynamic 
contribution in discussions on reforming the WTO to be more responsive to today 's global challenges. 
Such reform should preserve development in its core and consider the flexibilities, capacity building 
and technical cooperation needed by developing countries.  
5.39.  We applaud both Switzerland and Li echtenstein for their  stable economic performance during 
the challenging review period, able responses to weather the impact of C OVID -19 pandemic and the 
significant progress they achieved in recent years to keep unemployment levels low and maintain 
robust fiscal situation.  
5.40.  We also commend both Members for their generally solid notification record, and welcome 
their coordinated efforts to improve customs procedures, digitally transform government services, 
and implement trade and economic reforms to further increase efficiency.  We note however, the 
high average applied tariff rates on agricultural products, which constitute a challenge for related 
exports from its trade partners.  
5.41.  Egypt is pleased to take part in this Trade Policy Review, as it enjoys warm relations with both 
Switzerland and Li echtenstein, including on the economic front. In this regard, we highlight that 
Switzerland is an important investor in Egypt, reaching USD 1.4 billion, after a huge rise in recent 
years, especially in food and pharmaceutical sectors. Noneth eless, Egypt believes that there is room 
for enhancing economic relations with Switzerland, especially with regards to trade, as Egyptian 
exports have seen negative trends in recent years, mostly due to the C OVID -19 pandemic.  
5.42.  Egypt actively engages with Switzerland and Li echtenstein on both bilateral spheres as well 
as in the European Free Trade Association, which we regard as a significant trade block, where 
Egyptian exports receive preferential treatment. Yet, we encourage our EFTA partners to incr ease 
the free tariff quota of agricultural and agri -processed products to their markets.  
5.43.  Egypt shares common challenges with Switzerland and Li echtenstein being highly dependent 
on trade to achieve food security. We look forward to work together on finding  common solutions to 
the current global food crisis.  
5.44.  Finally, Egypt would like to wish the both delegations of Switzerland and Lichtenstein a fruitful 
Trade Policy Review.  
PANAMÁ  
5.45.  Deseo ante todo saludar atentamente a Su Excelencia Markus  Schlagenhof, Embaj ador, 
Delegado del Consejo Federal de Acuerdos Comerciales, Jefe de Delegación Suiza, a Su Excelencia 
Didier  Chambovey , Representante Permanente de Suiza ante la OMC, a Su Excelencia Kurt  Jäger, WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  Jefe de Delegación de Liechtenstein y Embajador, Representant e Permanente de Liechtenstein en 
Ginebra y a toda sus delegaciones por su destacada preparación. A su vez, deseo saludar a Su 
Excelencia Hung  Seng Tan, Embajador y Representante Permanente de Singapur, ponente en este 
sexto examen, y agradecer a la Secreta ría por preparar los respectivos reportes.  
5.46.  Panamá tradicionalmente ha mantenido amistosas y constructivas relaciones con  Suiza y 
Liechtenstein en los distintos ámbitos de la relación bilateral; tanto en el plano político, 
económico -comercial, como de coop eración y cultural. Estas relaciones se han fortalecido a través 
del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre los países de la Asociación Europea de Libre C omercio  (AELC), 
el cual fue un paso natural en nuestro proceso de consolidación de la plataforma de comercio 
internacional que estamos construyendo desde hace mucho tiempo. Además, Suiza es una fuente 
importante de IED para Panamá, en especial en el sector farmacéutico, y vemos grandes 
posibilidades en otros campos, como la biotecnología, las formas de energía no  contaminantes y los 
servicios con valor añadido.  
5.47.  Como vimos en exámenes anteriores, las economías de Suiza y Liechtenstein se sitúan entre 
las más adelantadas y prósperas del mundo y ambas se caracterizan por sus altos niveles de vida y 
la existencia de u na fuerza de trabajo muy cualificada. Sus regímenes comerciales se sitúan entre 
los más liberales en la OMC. Sin embargo, como también vimos en los exámenes anteriores, el 
sector agropecuario sigue estando muy protegido.  
5.48.  Estos Miembros tampoco se han escap ado de los efectos negativos debido a la pandemia de 
COVID -19, el crecimiento del PIB real disminuyó un 2,4% en 2020 en Suiza, y más en Liechtenstein. 
Gracias a las sólidas reservas financieras y a la respuesta inmediata del Gobierno, no se prevé que 
la pandemia tenga efectos negativos en las perspectivas económicas a largo plazo.  
5.49.  Congratulamos a Suiza por su iniciativa de reforma aduanera, para hacer frente a los desafíos 
futuros asociados al aumento del tráfico y el comercio el cual tendrá como resultado la mejora de 
las medidas de seguridad aduanera y la introducción de un sistema de ventanilla única plenamente 
operativo que sustituya a los sistemas existentes.  
5.50.  Igualmente, Suiza ha realizado iniciativas para aplicar la Estrategia de Energía 2050 que tien e 
como objetivo eliminar progresivamente la energía nuclear y promover la eficiencia energética y la 
producción de energía renovable. Así mismo, en 2020, Suiza actualizó su contribución determinada 
a nivel nacional en el marco del Acuerdo de París con obje to de comprometerse a reducir sus 
emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero al menos en un 50% para 2030 y lograr la neutralidad 
climática para 2050. Liechtenstein también ha adoptado medidas para fomentar la eficiencia 
energética, aumentar el uso de energí as renovables y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto 
invernadero como parte de su Estrategia de Energía 2020.  
5.51.  Suiza y Liechtenstein son defensores firmes del sistema multilateral de comercio basado en 
normas incorporado en la OMC. Deseamos destacar la activa participación de Suiza en las 
negociaciones en curso en el marco de esta Organización, como así también su aporte en iniciativas 
que pueden llevar a una mayor liberalización del comercio y desarrollo. Congratulamos a Suiza por 
su reciente designació n como Presidente del Consejo General.  
5.52.  Nos mantendremos atentos al desarrollo de la discusión durante este examen y reitero la 
disposición de Panamá en reforzar los lazos de cooperación con Suiza y Liechtenstein con miras a 
promover el comercio y las inver siones. Le deseamos éxito en este sexto examen de su s política s 
comercial es. 
MAROC  
5.53.  Ma délégation remercie à la fois le gouvernement de la Suisse et du Liechtenstein et le 
Secrétariat pour le rapport détaillé ainsi que son excellence Ambassadeur Hung Seng Tan 
représentant de Singapour pour ses commentaires en sa qualité d'animateur du déba t.  
5.54.  C'est l'occasion de féliciter le gouvernent de la Suisse et du Liechtenstein pour leur 
engagement dans le système commercial multilatéral depuis leur adhésion à l'OMC et pour la 
conduite de ce sixième examen de la politique commerciale et ainsi qu'aux progrès réalisés depuis 
le dernier OPC réalisé en 2017.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  5.55.  Malgré les multiples défis émergeants qui auront des conséquences sans précédent sur le 
commerce mondial en général et sur le fonctionnement de l'OMC en particulier.  
5.56.  Le Royaume du Maroc se félicite a ussi des bonnes relations bilatérales qu'entretient les deux 
pays. La Suisse est l'un des rares pays à montrer une résilience de son économie et le commerce 
extérieur par rapport aux normes internationales pendant la crise du COVID -19. Cette bonne 
performa nce est dû à un certain nombre de facteurs tels que structure économique diversifiée, à un 
haut degré d'ouverture internationale, un système d'éducation de qualité, dont les éléments clés 
sont la formation professionnelle, un marché de travail flexible, un e politique budgétaire modérée, 
des finances publiques saines, une coopération bien établie entre les partenaires sociaux et la 
stabilité politique.  
5.57.  De surcroit, la futur politique agricole prévue pour adoption à la mi -juin 2022 suscite de 
l'intérêt dans ce sens qu'il vise entre autres l'amélioration de la compétitivité, la garantie de la 
sécurité alimentaire, et la fourniture d'externalité politique. Cette politique quoique contrainte par la 
dimension géographique du secteur agraire, la vie de la société civile et les mesures de protection 
des frontières et le soutient interne soulignent aussi l'importance des relations commerciales qui non 
seulement fournissent la base de la sécurité alimentaire de la Suisse mais contribuent également au 
développement dur able.  
5.58.  Le Maroc apprécie l'approche adoptée par la Suisse pour maintenir sa prospérité, d'assurer la 
reprise à long terme de l'économie et d'accroitre la croissance durable consistant à accroitre la 
productivité du travail et renforcer la compétitivité et l'innovation sur le marché intérieur avec un 
accent mis sur la dimension de la durabilité et la cohérence entre les différentes politiques 
internationales pertinentes.  
5.59.  Le Maroc qui accord un intérêt particulier à la question environnementale et est initia teurs du 
dialogue informel sur la production plastique au sein de l'OMC se réjouit des efforts que fourni la 
Suisse dans ce domaine en particulier au sein de l'I DP et des discussions structurelles sur le 
commerce et la durabilité environnementale visant no tamment à identifier des domaines de travail  
futur pour aider l'OMC a relevé plus efficacement les défis de développement durables et qu'ils 
travailleraient sur d'éventuelles mesures et éléments livrables en matière de durabilité 
environnementales.  
5.60.  A la faveur de la nouvelle dynamique des relations bilatérales, le Maroc réitère sa volonté de 
promouvoir d'avantage le niveau de sa coopération avec la Suisse et le Liechtenstein. Tous les 
domaines d'intérêts communs, en particulier ceux de nature économique e t commercial sont à 
renforcer en vue de raffermir les niveaux des échanges commerciaux, et d'améliorer les opportunités 
d'investissement.  
5.61.  Avant de conclure, permettez -moi de rappeler l'importance de la prochaine édition du World 
Economic Forum, la plus im portante de son histoire eut égard aux multiples crises qui affectent 
l'économie mondiale mais aussi la sécurité de notre planète.  
5.62.  Nous souhaitons que ces discussions ouvriront la voie à des solutions globales, à des 
problématiques globales tel que le cha ngement climatique, les épidémies, la crise alimentaires mais 
aussi l'inflation. Á cet égard, nous souhaitons au gouvernement Suisse plein de succès mais aussi 
au gouvernement du Liechtenstein dans l'organisation de cet important r endez -vous mondial et 
d'autres forum qui viennent.  
5.63.  Enfin le Royaume du Maroc souhaite à la Suisse et au Liechtenstein un fructueux examen de 
sa politique commerciale.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.64.  The United  States would like to thank Ambassador Schlagenhof, Ambassador Schlagenhof , 
and Ambassador Jäger  for your Government's dedication and effort in carrying out the successful 
Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  5.65.  The United States also values the guidance of the Chair and discussant and the hard work of 
the Secretariat in preparing the reports which made this review pos sible. The United States enjoys 
a close and constructive relationship with Switzerland and Liechtenstein w ith cooperation spanning 
a range of issues, including initiatives in the WTO .  
5.66.  We thank both Governments for their responses to our questions and will  follow up bilaterally 
if needed, congratulations on a successful Trade Policy Review.  
UNION  EUROPÉENNE  
5.67.  L'Union  européenne souhaite remercier la Suisse et le Liechtenstein pour leur présentation 
structurée et détaillée des faits marquants intervenus dans l e cadre de leur politique commerciale 
et économique respective. L'Union  européenne tient également à remercier la Suisse et le 
Liechtenstein pour leur réponses aux questions posées par l'Union  européenne. Sur un nombre limité 
de sujets, nous avons transmis  les questions supplémentaires à la Suisse pour obtenir des 
clarifications additionnelles.  
5.68.  Il est ressorti du premier jour de discussions que de nombreux Membres partagent notre 
évaluation positive sur le rôle constructif joué par la Suisse et le Liechten stein au sein de l'OMC. 
Nous continuerons de travailler ensemble afin de mener à bien la 12ème Conférence ministérielle. 
Nous comptons sur la poursuite de notre coopération dans les instances multilatérales et 
plurilatérales. Nous espérons également repren dre les efforts pour renouer le dialogue avec les 
autorités suisses afin d'approfondir nos relations bilatérales, notamment dans le cadre de la 
modernisation de notre accord de libre -échange.  
5.69.  Pour conclure, nous tenons à remercier la Suisse et le Liechten stein pour la conclusion de cet 
examen fructueux.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  H.E. DR ATHALIAH LESIBA MOLOKOMME 
OF BOTSWANA, ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE CURRENT CHAIRPERSON OF THE TRADE 
POLICY REVIEW BODY, H.E. MR ÁNGEL VILLALOBOS RODRÍGUEZ OF MEXICO  
6.1.  The sixth joint Trade Policy Review of Switzerland and Liechtenstein (the eight review of 
Switzerland and the sixth review of Liechtenstein) has enabled Members to understand the main 
developments that have occurred in the trade, economic and investment policies of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein since the review conducted in 2017. The strong interest in Switzerland's and 
Liechtenstein's trade policies is evident from the written questions posed and the large number of 
delegations that made statements, 48 delegations took the floor during the first day. This reflects 
the importance of individua l Members' trade and investment relationships with Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein as well as a generally shared recognition and appreciation of the significant role of 
these Members in supporting the multilateral trading system.  
6.2.  I would like to thank the t wo delegations, led by H.E.  Mr Markus  Schlagenhof, Ambassador and 
Federal Council Delegate for Trade Agreements of Switzerland, and by H.E.  Mr Kurt Jäger, 
Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein, for their active participation in this 
exercise. I would also like to express my appreciation to our discussant, H.E.  Mr Hung Seng Tan, 
Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Singapore, for his insightful remarks, to all the 
delegations that took the floor for their valuable contributions, and to the delegations that prepared 
advance written questions.  
6.3.  Many Members emphasized Switzerland's and Liechtenstein's favourable economic conditions 
and positive recent economic performance. Switzerland and Liechtenstein are among the world's 
higher per  capita income countries and the most competitive and innovative economies. In view of 
the small size of their domestic markets, their economic development has been based on integration 
into the world economy through the pursuit of open trade and investment policies. Members 
commended Switzerland and Liechtenstein for the resilience of their economies in the context of the 
COVID -19 pandemic, although it was noted that because of the small size of its economy 
Liechtenstein's economic performance has been more volatile. This resilience was viewed as resulting 
from fundamental factors such as the existence of a diversified economic structure, emphasis on 
innovation, sound public finances, long -term social and political stability, a high degree of openness 
to inte rnational markets, a flexible labour market, and the highly skilled labour force.  
6.4.  Members also drew attention to various structural challenges faced by Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein, particularly, the ageing of the population, low productivity growth, ada ptation to the 
digital economy, climate change, gender equality, high level of household debt, and high prices and 
lack of competition in certain sectors. Both countries recently adopted or revised long term strategies 
that aim to address some of these cha llenges. Thus, for example Switzerland adopted a Digital 
Switzerland Strategy in 2016 and Liechtenstein adopted a Digital Liechtenstein Initiative in 2017.  
6.5.  Members welcomed recent measures taken by Switzerland and Liechtenstein in various areas 
towards a more open and modern framework for the conduct of trade and investment. These include: 
the simplification and digitalization of customs procedures under the "DaziT" customs reform 
initiative; the elimination of export subsidies on agricultural products; th e elimination of industrial 
tariffs with effect from 1  January  2024; the application of the revised Agreement on Government 
Procurement; the elimination of certain import restrictions applied through state -trading enterprises; 
amendments to intellectual pr operty legislation; steps taken to comply with international standards 
on corporate taxation; and the adoption by Liechtenstein of a new Blockchain Act, becoming the first 
country in the world to introduce a comprehensive set of rules to regulate the "toke n economy".  
6.6.  On the other hand, Members also reiterated long -standing concerns regarding the application 
of specific tariffs based on gross weight, the existence of high levels of domestic support and tariff 
protection in the field of agriculture, and the l imited extent of competition in the retail sector. Several 
Members encouraged the implementation of measures aimed at enhancing the transparency of the 
tariff regime.  
6.7.  Members praised Switzerland and Liechtenstein for their firm commitment to the WTO and t he 
rules based multilateral trading system. Apart from their active participation in the regular work of 
WTO bodies, Members appreciated Switzerland's and Liechtenstein's participation in the various Joint 
Statement Initiatives and in ongoing discussions o n a wide range of topics, including WTO reform, WT/TPR/W/ 210 
 
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  the WTO's response to the pandemic, and improvement of compliance with notification 
requirements. Members underlined the importance of Switzerland's traditional role in the process of 
consensus building; in t his connection they commended Ambassador Chambovey for his leadership 
as Chair of the General Council in the preparation of the 12th Ministerial Conference.  
6.8.  Many Members highlighted key aspects of their bilateral trade and economic relationships with 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein and underlined the potential for further development of these 
relationships. Several Members mentioned developments related to their existing free trade 
agreements with Switzerland and Liechtenstein or to the possible launch of ne gotiations on such 
agreements.  
6.9.  Regarding sustainability, Members welcomed the ambitious greenhouse gas reduction 
commitments undertaken by Switzerland and Liechtenstein under the Paris Agreement and the 
measures adopted under their related national strate gies to promote the production of renewable 
energies and, in the case of Switzerland, to phase out nuclear energy.  
6.10.  Members expressed appreciation for various measures and programmes of Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein to support the integration of developing  countries into the global economy.  
6.11.  The above points are some of the key issues that emerged from our discussion during this 
Review. I hope that the delegations of Switzerland and Liechtenstein will consider and reflect further 
on these issues and on the many constructive comments made during this review. Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein have received over 450  written questions as of 18  May 2022, out of which 285 were 
submitted within the established deadline. It is my understanding that Switzerland and Liech tenstein 
have responded to almost all the questions submitted before the deadline. Regarding all outstanding 
and follow -up questions, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are expected to provide their responses 
within one month, when this Review will conclude.  
 
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