G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
22 June 2022  
(22-4843) Page: 1/26 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original: English/French  
 
STATE TRADING  
NEW AND FULL NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XVII:4(A) OF THE  
GATT 1994 AND PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE UNDERSTANDING ON THE  
INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XVII  
CANADA  
The following communication, dated and received on 21 June 2022, is being circulated at the request 
of the delegation of Canada.  
 
_______________  
 
 
Pursuant to the provisions of Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and paragraph  1 of the 
Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII, Canada submits herewith its notific ation 
concerning state trading enterprises. This notification covers the Canadian Dairy Commission, the 
Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation and the Provincial and Territorial Liquor Control Authorities 
for the period covering 2019/2020 to 2020/2021.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
Canadian Dairy Commission (CDC).  
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in 
product description)  
04.05  Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk; dairy spreads.  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The statutory objectives of the CDC are to provide efficient Canadian producers of milk and cream 
with the opportunity of obtaining a fair return for their labour and investment, and to provide 
consumers of dairy products with a continuous and adequate supply of dairy products of high quality.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
Imports of butter are subject to control as items listed on the Import Control List under the authority 
of the Export and Import Permits  Act. Global Affairs Canada (formerly the Department of Foreign 
Affairs and International Trade) is responsible for the administration of the Import Control List. 
Information respecting the importation of butter may be obtained at the website of Global Aff airs 
Canada, http://www.international.gc.ca/controls -controles/index.aspx?view=d . 
Under the import regime in place until 1 August 1995, the CDC had exclusive or special pri vileges 
with respect to butter imports. Butter was on the Import Control List under the Export and Import 
Permits Act , with no existing quota provided for imports on a regular basis. Import permits were 
issued on occasion when the CDC determined that impor ts were necessary to relieve a temporary 
market shortage. By historical practice, when butter imports were allowed, the C DC acted as 
importer of record.  
Since the implementation of the tariff rate quota (TRQ) for butter on 1 August 1995, import permits 
for the butter TRQ have been allocated to the CDC annually with the proviso that these imports be 
directed to the further processing sector.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operat ions of the state trading enterprise  
The CDC is a government -owned corporation which advises the Minister of Agriculture and Agri -Food 
on matters relating to dairy policy. In carrying out its mandate, the CDC chairs and supports the 
work of the Canadian Mi lk Supply Management Committee (CMSMC). Its work includes providing 
the technical support necessary for the operation of Canada's milk supply management system, 
administering revenue pooling agreements on behalf of the industry, purchasing and storing dair y 
products for use in times of low milk production, establishing the target price for industrial milk, the 
assumed processor margin and the support prices for butter and skim milk powder, as well as 
administering other marketing programmes.  
B. Specificatio n of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
Since the implementation of the tariff rate quota (TRQ) for butter on 1 August 1995, import permits 
for the butter TRQ have been allocated by the Trade Controls Bureau ( TCB) of Global Affairs Canada 
(formerly the Export and Import Controls Bureau) to the CDC annually with the proviso that these 
imports be directed to the further processing sector.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowe d to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
The CDC is not the sole importer of butter. Certain niche markets with specific requirements are 
supplied through specific import permits issued by the TCB. The allocation of import permits for 
other dairy products subject to TRQs is administered by TCB un der the authority of the Export and 
Import Controls Act  (information respecting the importation of dairy products may be obtained from 
the website of Global Affairs Canada, http://www.international.gc.ca/controls -
controles/index.aspx?view=d ). 
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
Pursuant to Canada's Uruguay Round market access commitments, a butter TRQ was established 
and implemented on  1 August 1995. To date, the CDC has acted as the first receiver of these imports, 
under permits issued by the TCB.  
E. How export prices are determined  
The CDC, in any export sale, receives prices resulting from normal commercial negotiations based 
on mar ket conditions.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The CDC, in its sales of imported butter, prices this butter based on market conditions and takes 
into account  prices for butter in further processing uses.  
G. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
Not applicable.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
The major participants in the Canadian dairy industry are dairy producers and dairy processors. 
In 2021, dairy producers operated approximately 9,952  farms in Canada. Virtually all of these  farms 
produce milk for two ma rkets: the fluid market (table milk and cream) and the industrial market 
(manufactured dairy products such as butter, cheese, yogurt and ice cream). Dairy processors 
include dairies that process raw milk for fluid consumption or industrial use, and further  processors 
who use dairy ingredients and products as inputs for other finished goods.  
The marketing of fluid milk is regulated at the provincial level by producers through provincial milk 
marketing boards. Industrial milk production and management is gove rned by a federal/provincial 
agreement called the National Milk Marketing Plan  overseen by the CMSMC. This committee, chaired 
by the CDC, is comprised of producer and government representatives from all provinces. 
Representatives of national producer, proc essor, and consumer organizations participate as 
non-voting members. Each year, the CMSMC sets a national industrial milk production target taking 
into consideration: stocks of dairy products,  anticipated imports, planned export s, and domestic 
demand for industrial milk in the coming year. This target is monitored regularly and adjusted  
monthly . Quota  is distributed among the provinces according to the terms of the National Milk 
Marketing Plan , and allocated by each province to its producers according to its own policies. The 
share of the quota  that each dairy producer receives sets the limit on the amount of milk production 
that is eligible for sale.  
Imports of dairy products are subject to control as items listed on the Import Control List  under the 
authority of the Export and Import Permits Act . In keeping with Article 4 of the WTO Agreement on 
Agriculture , Canada established market access commitments in the form of TRQs for fluid milk, 
specialty creams, condensed milk/cream, yogurt, powdered buttermi lk, dry whey, other products of 
milk constituents, butter, cheese, other dairy preparations and ice cream. Global Affairs Canada is 
responsible for administering these TRQs.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
See attached Tables  I - III. 
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE (AS APPROPRIATE)  
Not applicable.  
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (AS APPROPRIATE)  
Not applicable.   
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 5 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: CANADIAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of 
product  Year  Total  quantity  
imported1 Quantity 
imported by 
state trading 
enterprise  Average 
import price  Average representative 
domestic sales price2 Mark -up National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Butter and Other Fats 
and Oils Derived from 
Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  CAD/kg  CAD/kg  … >000 kg  
2019-2020 23,927  3,267 8.06 8.41 … 117,126 
2020-2021 26,886  3,262 6.61 7.12 … 117,156  
Notes:   "…"  indicates not applicable.  
1. Total quantity imported includes supplementary imports, including products imported for further processing and re -export under the Import for 
Re-Export Program.  
2. Comprises the average representative domestic sales price for imported butter.  
Sources:  Column 2: Statistics Canada.  
Columns 3, 4, 5: Canadian Dairy Commission.  
Column 7: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is included).  
   
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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STATE TRADING: CANADIAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
Descr iption of product  Year  Total quantity 
exported  Quantity 
exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price1 Average 
export price  National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Butter and Other Fats and 
Oils Derived from Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  CAD/kg  CAD/kg CAD/kg  >000 kg  
2019-2020 2,301  50 4.55 11.08  5.57 117,126 
2020-2021 2,774  150 4.55 11.37  5.57 117,156  
Notes:   "…" indicates not applicable.  
  1.  Comprises the average representative domestic retail sales price.  
Sources:  Column 2: Statistics Canada.  
Columns 3, 4, 6: Canadian Dairy Commission.  
Column 5: Statistics Canada, Table 326 -0012 - Average retail prices for food  and other selected items, monthly (Canadian dollars).  
Column 7: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is included).  
   
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 7 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: CANADIAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTI VITIES  
Description of product  Year  Domestic purchases  
by state trading 
enterprise1 National production  Domestic sales by  
state trading  
enterprise  National Consumption2 
1  2 3 4 5 
Butter and Other Fats and 
Oils Derived from Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  >000 kg  >000 kg  
2019-2020 38,353  117,126 30,696 147,616  
2020-2021 33,500  117,156  36,661 140,283  
Notes:  1. Domestic purchases by state trading enterprise are comprised of CDC Plan A and Plan B purchases.  
2. National consumption is represented by domestic disappearance calculated as the sum of net stoc ks, production and imports, minus  exports. Domestic 
disappearance represents the amount of a commodity that is available for all uses in Canada. It does not represent tot al supplies of a commodity 
actually consumed by individuals.  
Sources:  Columns 2, 4: Canadian Dairy Commission.  
Column 3: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is included).  
Column 5: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0007 - Supply and disposition of milk products in Canada, monthly (whey butter net stocks and production are not  
included) .G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation.  
II. REASONS AND PURPOSE FOR INTRODUCING AND MAINTAINING THE ENTERPRISE  
The Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation (FFMC) was established  in Canada  in 1969 for the  
purpose of trading in and marketing freshwater fish , fish products , and fish by-products. As  provided 
under the Freshwater Fish Marketing Act (FFMA ), and pursuant to bilateral agreements between the 
Government of Canada and the governments of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and the 
Northwest Territories, the FFMC ha d the exclusive right to the inter -provincial /territorial  and export 
trade of fish and fish products from the freshwater commercial fisheries of those jurisdictions. 
Ontari o (effective 30  March  2010) , Saskatchewan (effective 1  April 2012) and Manitoba (effective 
1 December 2017) , withdrew from the FFMA and deregulated their commercial freshwater fish 
markets. This notification will use the term "agreement areas" to denote ar eas within Canada 
covered by these agreements.  
On 14  June 1995, the Government of Canada announced the introduction of measures allowing 
fisher s in the agreement areas to sell certain under -utilized species through marketing channels  
other than the FFMC . The FFMC remains responsible for the inter -provincial /territorial  and export 
marketing of the main commercial species from the agreement areas.  
The objectives of the FFMC are: to market freshwater fish and fish products sourced in agreement 
areas in an orde rly manner; to increase returns to fisher s; and to promote international markets for, 
and increase inter -provincial /territorial  and export trade in, freshwater fish and fish products. The 
FFMC is required by statute to operate on a self -sustaining basis. I t has been profitable since  1973 
(with the exception of 2004 , 2009, and 2011 ) with annual revenue rang ing between C AD 40 million 
and C AD 78 million since 1990.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ENTERPRISE  
A. Whether the enterprise deals with expor ts or with impo rts or both.  
The FFMC is concerned with the orderly marketing of freshwater fish sourced  from the agreement 
areas  for inter-provincial /territorial  trade and for export markets. The FFMC does not deal with, 
govern or handle imports.  
B. Whether private traders are allowed to import or export and, if so, on what conditions.  
Whether there is free competition between private traders and the enterprise.  
The FFMC has the exclusive right to market fish from the agreement areas in 
inter-provincial /territorial  and export trade. The Corporation competes with the private trade in 
marketing such fish in domestic and export markets. With respect to fish sourced from areas of 
Canada outside the agreement areas, the FFMC does not control or govern private traders' activities 
– including their exports and domestic sales. In all parts of the domestic market, private traders are 
free to market freshwater fish sourced from Canadian "non-agreement areas" or from imports.  
C. The criteria used for determining the quantities to be exported and imported.  
The FFMC sells fish for export as determined by commercial considerations such as price, quality, 
availability, marketability and transp ortation.  
D. How export prices are determined. How the markup on imported products is 
determined.  How export prices and resale prices of imports compare with domestic 
prices.  
The FFMC determines exports prices in line with prevailing market c onditions whil e meeting its 
legislated requirements to maximize returns to fisher s and operate on a self -sustaining basis.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  E. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the enterprise. Whether the enterprise 
is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by t he Government.  
Not applicable.  
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
See attached Tables  I – III. 
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE (IF THIS IS THE CASE) IN 
PRODUCTS AFFECTED  
The Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation is not involved in the importation o f freshwater fish.  
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION   
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 10 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: FRESHWATER FISH MARKETING CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of product  Year  Total  quantity  
imported  Quantity imported  
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
import price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  Mark -up National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 
0303, 0304 and 0305   FFMC is not involved in imports  
   
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 11 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: FRESHWATER FISH MARKETING CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of product  Year  Total 
quantity 
exported1 Quantity exported 
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price2 Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  Average export 
price  National 
production3 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 
0303, 0304 and 0305  May-April (000's lbs)  (000's lbs)  CAD per pound  CAD per pound  CAD per pound  - 
2019-2020 23,286  14,635  1.33 2.76 4.07 - 
2020-2021 26,728  10,855  1.22 4.74 3.97 - 
Notes:  1. Total Quantity Exported is the total exports of freshwater fish products for the HS codes that include the products marketed by the FFMC. Other 
saltwater fish and other freshwater items from Chapter 03 not marketed by the FFMC are captured in the quantity.  
2. Average Procurement Price does not include final payment (net income each year) distributed to fishers.  
3. Statistics on national production of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
Sources:  Column 2: Department of Fisheries and Oceans (202 2), EXIM [Database], Ottawa (accessed June 1, 202 2). Adapted from Statistics Ca nada, International 
Trade Data. This does not constitute an endorsement  by Statistics Canada of this product.  
Columns 3, 5, 6: FFMC Sales Report.  
Column 4: FFMC Fish Purchase Analysis.  
   
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 12 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: FRESHWATER FISH MARKETING CORPORATION  
STATIS TICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of  product  Year  Domestic purchases  by 
state trading enterprise  National  Production1 Domestic sales by  state 
trading  enterprise  National 
Consumption2 
1  2 3 4 5 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 0303, 
0304 and 0305  May-April (000's lbs)   (000's lbs)   
2019-2020 21,782  - 3,490  - 
2020-2021 15,633  - 3,347  - 
Notes:  1. Statistics on national production of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
2. Statistics on national consumption of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
Sources:  Column 2: Deliveries report to Transcona processing plant.  
Column 4: FFMC Sales Analysis Report.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
Provincial and Territorial Liquor Control Authorities.  
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in 
product description)  
2203.00  Beer from malt.  
2204.00  Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than that of 
heading  20.09.  
2205.00  Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes flavoured with plants or aromatic substances.  
2206.00  Other fermented beverages (for example, cider, perry, mead); mixtures of fermented 
beverages and mixtures of fermented beverages and non -alcoholic beverages, not 
elsewhere specified or included.  
2208.00  Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 80% vol; 
spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.  
II. REASONS AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
In Canada, the importation of and inter -provincial/territorial trade in alcoholic beverages is govern ed 
by the federal Importation of Intoxicating Liquors Act  (IILA). The objective of the IILA relates to the 
control of the consumption of alcoholic beverages in Canada for the purpose of protecting public 
health and morals.  
B. Summary of legal basis for gaining the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and  summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The IILA provides the provinces and territories, within their respective jurisdiction s, with control over 
the sale of intoxicating liquor, and over the importation . The provinces and territories have delegated  
this activity to the provincial/territorial liquor control authorities.  
As well, under the IILA, an exception exists for persons licensed by the Government of Canada under 
the Excise Act  to carry on the business or trade of a distiller or brewer where the  intoxicating liquor 
is imported solely for the purpose of being used for blending with or flavouring the products of the 
business or trade of that person.  
In 2019, the IILA was amended to remove  all remaining federal barriers to interprovincial trade of 
alcohol and permit direct -to-consumer shipping of alcohol across provincial borders to the extent 
that the receiving province also permits such transactions.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
A. Summary statement providing  overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The provincial and territorial liquor control authorities deal with the importation and sale of alcoholic 
beverages within their respective jurisdictions. Exportation of alcoholic beverages is a priva te matter 
of beverage manufacturers.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
The IILA provides the provincial/territorial liquor control authorities with the delegated authority to 
import alcoho lic beverages in Canada.  
C. Types of entities other than state trading enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private traders are allowed to import if they are licensed by the Government of Canada  under the 
Excise Act  to carry on the business or trade of a distiller or brewer where  the intoxicating liquor is 
imported for the purpose of being used for blending with or flavouring the products of the business 
or trade of that person. Alcoholic beverag es may be sold through stores operated by the 
provincial/territorial liquor control authority or through authorized private retailers or a combination 
of both.  
The private trade determines its own criteria pertaining to exports.  
D. How import/export levels  are established by the state trading enterprise  
Provincial and territorial liquor control authorities purchase or permit the purchase of alcoholic 
beverages in line with market needs as related to such commercial considerations as price, quality, 
availability, marketability, transportation and other conditions of purchase or sale.  
E. How export prices are determined  
Export prices are determined by the private trader.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The retail sales pric e of the imported product is a function of its landed cost (invoice price, federal 
customs and excise duties and taxes, and freight), to which are added the applicable provincial 
mark-up and federal and provincial sales taxes. The mark -up varies by product  type and by 
jurisdiction. As a result of two GATT  Panels1, liquor control authorities have modified mark -up 
practices on alcoholic beverages to bring them into conformity with the GATT .2 
G. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used t o fulfil contractual obligations  entered into by the 
Government  
Not applicable.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
The alcoholic beverages sub -sector is made up of the brewery, wine and distilling industries. There 
are also a number of small firms pr oducing cider and fruit wines across the country but this 
production is comparatively minor. Fruit wines are products produced from f ruits other than grapes. 
In 2021, the value of all alcoholic beverages produced in Can ada stood at CAD 10.4 billion compare d 
 
1 Canada - Import, Distribution and Sale of Alcoholic Drinks by Provincial Marketing Authorities  (1988). 
This panel resulted in the 1989 "Agreement between the European Economic Community and Canada 
concerning trade and commerce in alcoholic beverages" which  requires the complete phase out of mark -up 
differentials between wine of the Community and Canadian wine by 1  January 1998. Mark -up differentials on 
distilled spirits were to be eliminated as of  1 January  1993.  
Canada - Import, Distribution and Sale of Ce rtain Alcoholic Drinks by Provincial Marketing 
Agencies  (1992). The US -Canada Memorandum of Understanding on Provincial Beer Marketing Practices 
(August 1993) resulted in the elimination of discriminatory differential mark -ups on beer.  
2 The Canada -US Free  Trade Agreement  immediately eliminated discriminatory mark -ups on distilled 
spirits and required a complete phase out of differential mark -ups on wine by 1  January 1995.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  to CAD 7.9 billion in 2016.3 Alcoholic beverage impor ts of all kinds amounted to CAD 4.7 billion 
in 2021 while total  domestic  exports stood at CAD 1.1 billion the same year.4  
The brewing industry5 comprises those establishments primarily engaged in t he steeping, boiling 
and fermenting of malt and hops to manufacture malt beverages. The industry produces a variety 
of beer, lager, ale, porter and stout, in bottles, cans and draught for the consumer market and for 
the food service industry. The Canadian beer industry  is consolidated . Production has remained 
within Canada with approximately 1,186  brewing and microbrewing establishments across the 
country.6 The microbrewery industry has steadily grown in Canada, catering to niche tastes and 
regional market s. Canada's geography and the fact that alcohol sales and production are controlled 
at the provincial level mean that the products of microbreweries are usually available only in the 
regions where they are produced. Canadians drink more beer than any other  alcoholic beverage, 
however domestic per capita consumption of beer has declined steadily since t he 1970s and reached 
a low of 6 2.6 litres in  2020.7  
The Canadian wine industry8 continues to grow, evolving in response to rapid changes stemming 
from adjustments to trade liberalization under the Canada -United States FTA and the GATT  1947. 
Domestic vintners now grow quality Vitis Vinifera and hybrid grapes which have resulted in a 
dramatic improvement in the quality of Canadian wine. Canadian Icewine, a sweet dessert wine, has 
won several prestigious awards at international competitions and has gained considerable 
international recognition. Among the larger firms there is a significa nt amount of production which 
involves bottling and blending of domestic and imported wines. However, most of these larger 
corporations have also acquired smaller estate wineries which have retained their own identity and 
which help them to define their "s ignature" premium products. In addition, there are many small 
family -oriented businesses which concentrate on the production of wine from Canadian grown 
grapes. Domestic per capita consumption of wine in Canada has increased steadily si nce the early 
1990s and was 15.2 litres in 2020.9  
The distillery industry10 produces a variety of spirits (e.g. whisky, rum, vodka, gin, liqueurs, brandy, 
spirit coolers and basic ethyl alcohol) but its primary reputation, domestically and internationally, 
remains the produ ction of distinctive high -quality Canadian whisky. The product is distilled from 
cereal grains (rye and corn primarily), aged in oak barrels for a minimum of three years, then bottled 
or sold in bulk. The industry is highly concentrated. Most companies are  subsidiaries of multinational 
corporations with production facilities maintained in Canada in order to produce Canadian whisky, 
which has a registered geographical indication in Canada. Domestic consumption for spirits 
fluctuates from year to year, but do es not display a clear long term trend. In 2020, Canadians 
consumed 5. 2 litres of spirits per capita.11 Domestic consumption of ciders, coolers and other 
refreshment beverages, has increased in recent years and in 2020, Canadians consumed 6.8 litres 
per ca pita. 
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
The relevant statistical information is attached. See Tables  I – III. 
 
3 Statistics Canada. Monthly Survey of Manufacturing by North American Industry Class ification System 
(NAICS). Table 16 -10-0047-01. 
4 Statistics Canada, CATSNet.  
5 Canada's brewing industry is defined by the NAICS (31212).  
6 Statistics Canada.  Table 33 -10-0493-01 Canadian Business Counts, with employees, December 2021 
and Table 33-10-0494-01 Canadian Business Counts, without employees, December 2021 . 
7 Statistics Canada. Table 32 -10-0054-01 Food available in Canada. Per capita consumption is measured 
as: available litres ale, beer, stout and porter, adjusted for losses, per perso n 15 years old and over.  
8 Canada's wine industry is defined by the NAICS (31213).  
9 Statistics Canada.  Table 32 -10-0054-01 Food available in Canada . Per capita consumption is measured 
as: available litres of wine, adjusted for losses, per person 15  years old and over.  
10 Canada's distillery industry is defined by the NAICS (31214).  
11 Statistics Canada. Table 32 -10-0054-01 Food available in Canada. Per capita consumption is 
measured as: available litres of distilled spirits, adjusted for losses, per person 15 years old and over.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE (IF THIS IS THE CASE) IN THE 
PRODUCTS AFFECTED  
Import data are given in Table I. Exporting is not within the mandate of provinc ial liquor control 
authorities.  
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION  
ALBERTA  
The liquor authority in Alberta, namely the Alberta Gaming , Liquor and Cannabis Commission, does 
not make commercial decisions on the product selections for alc oholic beverages which are imported, 
nor on the quantities of those imports. However, it is including an explanatory text on the Alberta 
market environment for alcoholic beverages in the interest of full transparency.  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Gaming , Liquor  and Cannabis Act (c. G -1, RSA 2000).  
- Gaming , Liquor  and Cannabis  Regulation (Alta. Reg. 143/1996).  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
All retail sales of alcoholic beverages in Alberta are privatized.  Market forces in the province lead to 
the representation of a wide range of both domestic and imported liquor goods . 
The Alberta Gaming , Liquor and Cannabis Commission (AGLC) regulates liquor , gaming and cannabis 
activities in the Province. The AGLC administers and enforces the Gaming , Liquor  and C annabis  Act 
and the Gaming , Liquor and Cannabis Regulation  as well as related policies, and collects the 
government's flat mark -up on beverage alcohol.  
In Alberta, private -sector liquor agencies determine what products will be brought into the province. 
Alcohol manufacturers and suppliers have the option of acting as their own liquor agent or employing 
the services of another liquor agent to expedite the process. Suppliers and agents are responsible 
for all aspects of ordering, consolidation, shipping, and marketing.  
The AGLC is the Importer and Wholesaler of Record. All new orders are placed on consignment with 
the agent/supplier named as consignee.  
Provincial mark -up rates under a wholesale pricing structure are a flat rate per litre  depending on 
the produ ct type and alcohol content . Retailers set retail prices according to market forces.  
The warehousing and distribution of beverage alcohol products is managed by a private company, 
operating out of a warehouse and distribution facility in St. Albert, Albert a under contract with the 
AGLC . Charges reflect the cost of receiving, storing and shipping products by the pallet or by the 
case. Beer suppliers may apply to establish their own warehousing arrangements. Final approval for 
such arrangements is required fr om the AGLC.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
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  BRITISH COLUMBIA  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Distribution Act , R.S.B.C. 1996, c.238 as amended and the regulations thereto . 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Liquor Distribution Branch (LDB) is the importer of record for all alcoholi c beverages imported 
into British Columbia. Section 2(2) of the Liquor Distribution Act  states that the LDB "has the sole 
right to purchase, both in and out of British Columbia, liquor for resale and reuse in British Columbia 
in accordance with the provisi ons of the Importation of Intoxicating Liquors Act (Canada)".  
As of May 11, 2022, the LDB operated 198 government liquor stores. As of May 11, 2022, there was 
also a large private retail system consisting of 677 private liquor stores, 227 rural licensee re tail 
stores, 56 wine stores, and 708 manufacturer on -site stores at wineries, distilleries and breweries.  
Most retail outlets, including all government liquor stores, private liquor stores and rural agency 
stores may sell any liquor product, regardless of category or origin. Manufacturer stores are 
permitted to sell products made by that manufacturer, and if they have a lounge or special event 
area, they are also permitted to sell a limited amount of liquor produced by other manufacturers 
(whether import or domestic). Holders of a limited number of wine store licences are restricted to 
selling British Columbia wines.  
All liquor products sold in British Columbia must be registered with the LDB. The LDB 's retail line of 
business determines which products are sold in government stores based on customer demand and 
operators of private outlets determine which products they wish to sell in their stores.  
Suppliers or their agents determine the prices at which products are sold to the LDB. The LDB appli es 
standard pricing formulas to the supplier price to determine the wholesale price that is paid by 
wholesale customers (including government liquor stores, private liquor stores and rural agency 
stores). Wholesale customers can then set their own retail p rices, subject to the minimum retail 
price policy established by British Columbia 's Liquor Control and Licensing Branch.  
MANITOBA  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Manitoba Liq uor and Lotteries Corporate Act.  
- The Liquor and Gaming Control Act Regulation 82/2014 Registered 14  March 20 14 and the 
regulations thereto.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Manitoba Liquor and Lotteries (MBLL) is the importer of record for all liquor imported into Manitoba. 
All liquor sold in the Province must meet the MBLL's l isting criteria which is applied in a uniform and 
non-discriminatory manner, irrespective of country of origin.  
Spirits, wine, coolers and beer are warehoused by the MBLL and distributed to 63 government -
owned stores, 172 privately -owned agency stores, 8 s pecialty wine stores, 3 duty-free stores, and 
1,240 licensed premises. In addition, 19 privately -owned distributors service the 63 government -
owned stores, 2 35 privately -owned beer vendors, and 1, 240 licensed premises  with beer and 
refreshment beverages . Privately distributed beer, which may be either import or domestic, do not 
have any sales quotas applied, as the inventories are privately held and are the responsibility of the 
suppliers.  
Beverage alcohol's retail price is determined by applying combinatio n of a category ad valorem mark-
up and a flat rate per litre to the landed cost. Mark -ups are applied universally to all products 
regardless of country of origin.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Audited cost of service differentials (commercial consideration) are also applied in accordan ce with 
the GATT agreement as a flat per litre charge per category.  
NEW BRUNSWICK  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- New Brunswick Liquor Corporation Act , R.S.N.B. 2016 c 105 and the regulations thereto, and 
their amendments.  
- Liquor Control Act , R.S.N.B. 1973, c.L -10, and the regulations thereto, and their amendments.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Importation of alcoholic beverages into New Brunswick is done through the New Brunswick Liquor 
Corporation (ANBL). All suppliers have full and equal access to the A NBL's listing process . All listed 
products are distributed to the top two tiers of ANBL 's corporate outlets. Products are distributed to 
the rest of the A NBL network including agents and licensed establishments based on demand. 
Merchandising programs are a vailable through an application process to all suppliers.  
The ANBL maintains a retail system of 4 0 stores and 90 privately operated convenience outlets, 66 
private grocery chain stores, an d 88 beverage alcohol manufactu rer-owned and operated outlets.  
This system is the exclusive retailer of all alcoholic beverages in the province. In addition, 
approximately 889 establishments are licensed for on -premise consumption. These licensees buy 
exclusively through the ANBL retail system described above.  
Supplie rs of beer products have the option of establishing their own in -province warehouse and 
distribution or going through ANBL's central warehouse and distribution system.  The option is based 
on criteria outlined by ANBL.  A service charge is applied to all bee r products going through the ANBL 
warehouse and distribution system.  
Retail price is determined by applying a mark -up to the product's landed cost. Markup r ates are 
listed in ANBL 's Mark-up Structure Document and are applied to all products regardless of o rigin. 
Minimum mark -ups, floor retail prices and minimum social reference retail prices  (as per the 
Minimum Retail Pricing Policy)  are listed in the Mark -up Structure  Document where applicable.  
NEWFOUNDLAND and LABRADOR  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- The Liquor Co rporation Act , R.S.N. L 1990, c.L -19, and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
- The Liquor Control Act , R.S.N. L. 1990, c.L -18, and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Importation of alcoholic beverages to the province of Newfoundland and Labrador can only be done 
through the Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation (NLC). In order for the NLC to import 
alcoholic beverages for sale in the province, the producer must complete a list ing application and 
the NLC must approve the application. Suppliers of spirits and wines are required to operate through 
the NLC warehouse and related distribution systems. The mark -up structure applied is the same 
regardless of product origin.  The mark -up structure for spirits, wines and beer is applied to landed 
cost and consists of a combination of a fixed mark -up and a n ad-valorem mark -up based on a 
percentage of landed cost. Provincial and federal taxes including the Harmonized Sales Tax and a 
recyclin g container deposit are also added to determine final retail price.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 19 - 
 
  The following details the number of Agency Stores and Corporate Stores from Fiscal 2021-2022: 
Year Corporate  Agency  
2021-22 29 142 
Note:   Corporate and Agency stores both service the general public as well as licensee trade.  
NOVA SCOTIA  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- The Liquor Control Act,  R.S.N.S 1989, c.260 and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Importation of liquor for retail sale is controlled by  Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation (NSLC). The 
NSLC's listing policies provide equal access to all products regardless of origin based on category 
management principles. Suppliers  to the NSLC and NSLC Agency Stores , for both domestic and 
imported products, are required to operate through the NSLC central warehouse and related 
distribution system. Un der certain terms and conditions, beer suppliers not brewing in the Province 
with sales (within Nova Scotia) of one million equivalent dozen may be granted the right to operate 
a separate warehouse facility. All products, regardless of origin, may be sold in the 10 8 liquor stores 
operated by the NSLC. There are also 6 2 small businesses serving as NSLC agency stores, 5 private 
wine and specialty stores, and 166 manufacturer's on -site outlets permitted to sell their products 
directly to consumers, licensed es tablishments and private wine and specialty stores as well as at 
Farmers ' Markets that generally operate one day of the weekend.  
Mark-ups are established by package size and by  product categories . All products which go through 
the warehouse are charged the  same cost -of-service within a given category.  
ONTARIO  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Control Board of Ontario Act, 2019,  S.O. 2019, c. 15, Sched. 21 ; 
- Alcohol and Gaming  Commission of Ontario  Act, 2019 S.O. 2019, c. 15, Sched. 1 ; 
- Liquor Licence  and Control  Act, 2019 S.O. 2019, c. 15, Sched. 22 ; 
- Liquor Tax Act, 1996, S.O.  1996, c. 26, Sched.;  
- and the regulations thereto, and their amendments.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Ontario's beverage alcohol distribution and retail system is ch aracterized by a mix of private and 
public operations. The Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) and the Alcohol and Gaming 
Commission of Ontario (AGCO), both government agencies, are the primary bodies responsible for 
controlling the manufacture, movemen t and sale of beverage alcohol within the province . The LCBO 's 
governing statute is the Liquor Control  Board of Ontario  Act, 2019 (LCBOA), and the  AGCO 's 
governing statute is the  Alcohol  and Gaming  Commission of Ontario  Act, 2019 (AGCOA ). 
The Liquor Licence  and Control  Act, 2019 (LLCA)  sets the conditions under which a person may keep 
for sale, offer for sale, sell , or deliver  liquor under a licence or permit . This includes, for example,  
sales by  manufacturers, manufacturers' representatives, bars, re staurants, hotels , grocery stores  
and persons selling or servi ng liquor on special occasions , and services offered by liquor delivery 
services and ferment -on-premises facilities . Licences and permits are issued by the AGCO, which is 
the regulatory body in Ontario responsible for administering the licensing and regulatory regime 
established under the LLCA.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 20 - 
 
  The LCBO is responsible for importing liquor into Ontario, transporting and selling domestic and 
imported spirits, wine and beer. The agency also tests pr oducts for quality control and safety, fixes 
liquor prices, and , in some cases,  controls the w arehousing of beverage alcohol.  
The LCBO establishes and operates retail liquor stores across Ontario, including its convenience 
outlets  in smaller communities. A ll suppliers, domestic and foreign, have equal access to LCBO's 
purchasing system. All liquor sold by the LCBO must meet its listing criteria and sales targets.  The 
LCBO shares marketing costs with suppliers. Suppliers or their agents determine the prices at which 
products are sold to the LCBO. The LCBO applies fixed pricing formulas to the supplier price to 
determine the retail price.  
Other retailers include private beer stores, grocery stores, and manufacturers retail stores (on -site 
and off -site winery r etail stores, on -site beer and on -site distillery stores), all of which are licensed 
by the AGCO.  Private duty -free stores that sell domestic and imported  beverage alcohol and 
sacramental wine vendors are authorized by the LCBO . 
Products not listed  in retail stores , or on LCBO 's e-commerce platform  can be ordered through LCBO's 
Specialty Services  program s (including private ordering and consignment)  and by LCBO -appointed 
sacramental wine ve ndors for sacramental purposes.  
The number of private off -site winery retail stores is limited by the Canada -United States -Mexico 
Agreement,  as well as the Canada -European Union  Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement 
(CETA) . 
Brewers Retail Inc. (BRI) , operating as "The Beer Store " is a privately owned company  licensed to 
operate  beer stores under the authority of the L LCA. It sells domestic and imported beer to the 
public and is the primary distribution channel for beer in the province. BRI purchases its imported 
brands from the LCBO.  
The LCBO applies charges to domestic and imported beer based on the worldwide production volume 
of the supplier. Domestic beer sold in the Beer Store, an on -site manufacturer's store or in a licensed 
establishment is subject to beer taxes under the Liquor Tax Act , 1996 . These volume -based  taxes 
are equivalent to the volume -based  charges applied by the LCBO.  
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Control Act and Regulations, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c.L -14 and the regulations thereto, and 
their amendments.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Importation of alcoholic beverages into Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) is done through the P.E.I. 
Liquor Control Commission  (P.E.I.L.C.C.) . All suppliers have full and equal access to the P.E.I.L.C.C. 
listing process. Listed products receive distribution to the entire retail system.  
The P.E.I.L.C.C. maintains a retail system of 18 stores and 8 agency stores. This system is the 
exclusive retailer of all alcoholic beverages in the Province, with the exception o f 21 manufacturers 
on-site outlets (breweries, distilleries or wineries),  and stores permitted to sell their own product 
directly to consumers. In addition, approximately 4 27 establishments are licensed for on premise 
consumption. These licensees purchase exclusively through the P.E.I.L.C.C. retail system. The 
Province also licences 6 ferment -on-premises locations that provide facilities to the general public 
to brew their own beer or wine from kits.  
The following mark -up structure is used to calculate the retail price of imported and domestic 
products: manufacturers' price, customs/excise, freight, an applicable mark -up applied to landed 
costs (differs per category), Provincial Health Tax (25%), Harmonized Sales Tax (1 5%) and bottle 
deposit.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 21 - 
 
  QUEBEC  
ACTS AND  REGULATIONS  
-  Act respecting the Société des alcools du Québec  (RSQ, c. S -13, s. 16) . 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Société des alcools du Québec  (SAQ) is an independent, publicly owned commercial corporation 
administered by a board of directors. It has sole authority over the importation, delivery, taking or 
transportation of any intoxicating liquor in Quebec, whether produced in Canada or abroad.  
The SAQ distributes alcoholic beverages to its own network of 4 10 government stores and 
426 agencies, and acts as a distributer for  grocery and corner stores that account for over 7,500 
points of sale . Products for distribution are warehoused in two distribution centres with a combined 
storage capacity of 4, 380,000 cases.  
The selection, purchas e and merchandising of products are determined by principles defined in the 
SAQ's Purchasing and Merchandising Policy.  
Wines without appellation of origin designation that are bottled in Quebec may be sold in grocery 
stores, except for 8 format marking pro vided for in the regulations, along with beers and ciders. 
Wines with a n appellation of origin designation and spirits may only be sold in SAQ outlets.  
Suppliers are responsible for promoting their products. The services of a marketing agent are also 
used.  Market forces determine quantities to be imported. A uniform mark -up, by category of product, 
is applied to the cost price of the products, whether imported or domestic. Revenues are paid in the 
form of dividends to the sole shareholder, Quebec's Minister  of Finance.  
SASKATCHEWAN  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- The Alcohol and Gaming Regulation Act, 1997 being Chapter A -18.011 of the Statutes of 
Saskatchewan, 1997 (1 February 2003) as amended by the Statutes of Saskatchewan, 1998, 
c.16; 2000, c.36; 2002, c.27 and 4 2; 2003, c.15; 2004, c.67; 2005, c.3 and 21; 2007, c.10; 
2008, c.8' and  2010, c.25; 2013, c.P -38.01, c.2 and c.29; 2014, c.7 and c.11;  2015, c.1 ; and 
2016 c.4.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority (SLGA)  is a T reasury Board Crown Corporation that  
has authority over the manufactur ing, possession, sale , delivery  and regulation  of beverage alcohol 
in Saskatchewan, and is the importer of record for all wine, spirits and beer imported into 
Saskatchewan.  
SLGA maintain s a broad listing policy that applies equally to both imported and domestic products , 
details of which are contained  in the SLGA Beverage Alcohol Listing Policy.  Listing application forms, 
and product and supplier profiles must be submitt ed or approved by the supplier or their 
representative or authorized agent.  The rules governing access to points of sale apply equally to 
domestic (including in -province) and foreign suppliers. Audited cost -of-service charges are applied 
to all imported products  distributed through the SLGA system.  
Beverage alcohol is retailed in Saskatchewan through a mixed public -private system. There are 
approximately 700 Retail Store Permittees  (RSP)  selling beverage alcohol throughout Saskatchewan, 
including 3 5 operated dire ctly by SLGA.  All RSPs operate on the same terms and conditions with 
access to the same wholesale price through SLGA 's distribution centre  (DC). RSPs can purchase 
beverage alcohol from SLGA 's DC, specialty warehouses and Saskatchewan craft alcohol producer s. G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 22 - 
 
  NORTHWEST TERRITORIES  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Act , .S.N.W.T. 2007, c.15 as amended by the Statues of the Northwest Territories 2010, 
c.16, c.21; 2011, c.8; 2012, c.18; 2013, c.22; 2014, c.10; 2015,c.13 , 2015, c.7, 2018, c.6.  
- Liquor Regulations , R-069-2008 as amended by R-076-2008, R -007-2009, R -126-2009, 
R-154-2009, R -048-2010, R -087-2010, R -030-2011, R -004-2012, R -087-2012, R -140-2014, 
R-053-2015, R -071-2016, R -082-2017, R-003-2021, R -006-2021, R -020-2021, R -022-2021, 
R-036-2021, R -054-2021, R -062-2021, R -70-2021, R -071-2021.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Northwest Territories Liquor  & Cannabis  Commission (NTLC C) was continued  under Part 2 of the 
Liquor Act. It is responsible for purchase , sale, classification  and distribution of liquor  and cannabis  
in the Northwest Territories through the Liquor Revolving Fund.  
The NTLC uses a flat rate per litre mark up to generate a specific level of rev enue from the sale of 
liquor. Product cost, freight, container deposit, recycling fee, general sales tax, retail, warehousing 
and administrative costs are also included with flat rate mark -up when establishing a final price.  
A person who is eligible to pur chase and consume liquor in the Northwest Territories may personally 
import 9 litres of wine, 3 litres of spirits, or 24.6 litres of beer , ciders or coolers . An import permit is 
required to import quantities greater than the allowable amounts.  
Retail and w arehousing operations are carried out by 7 private sector contractors  who are  designated 
a vendor by the Minister of Finance . 
NUNAVUT  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Regulations , R.R.N.W.T. 1990, c.L -34, as duplicated for Nunavut by section 29 of the 
Nunavut  Act. 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Nunavut Liquor  and Cannabis  Commission is responsible for the purchasing, warehousing and 
distribution of all alcoholic beverages as well as permitting and enforcement in Nunavut.  
Alcohol is allowed to be pur chased in 7 Nunavut communities , with one of these communities having 
limits on the amount which can be purchased every 14 days . Those living in the 1 2 "restricted 
communities" are able to order alcohol products from warehouse distribution centres but requ ire 
approval from an Alcohol Education Committee. There are 6 " prohibited  communities" where alcohol 
is completely banned. Product price, freight and a refundable container deposit are included in the 
final price of any alcohol beverages.  
Among the many ch aracteristics that set Nunavut 's liquor distribution system apart from other 
jurisdictions in Canada, is its central processing structure. The Commission runs only two walk-in 
retail store s selling low alcohol content beverages (beer, wine, spirits, ready -to-drink/coolers) , with 
the rem ainder of purchase orders processed remotely through one of the Commission 's two 
distribution warehouses and distributed via air cargo. Licensed establishments  and holders of special 
occasion permits are the exception, as the high volume of their purchases  dictates that they be 
picked up at the closest Commission warehouse.  
The Nunavut Liquor Licensing Board is responsible for the issuance, renewal, transfer, cancellation 
or suspension of any liquor licenses, as well as the enforcement of all liquor related  regulations and 
restrictions.  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 23 - 
 
  YUKON  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Act,  R.S.Y. 2002, c.140.  
- Liquor Regulations Respecting the Sale and Consumption of Liquor , C.O 1977/037 . 
- Liquor Tax Act, Chapter 141, R.S.Y 2002 . 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Yukon Liquor Corporation (YLC) is mandated with the purchase, distribution, and sale of liquor 
products in the Yukon. The YLC  operates a central  warehouse and distribution centre in Whitehorse, 
and six Yukon Liquor Stores. Five of these liquo r stores are in rural locations and also  provide specific 
Territorial Agent services on behalf of  other government departments.  The Corporation transfers all 
its net income to the  Government of Yukon. It is responsible for the  Liquor Act and Liquor 
Regulat ions. In addition, the  Corporation collects and remits a 12% tax on the  retail value of all 
liquor products sold in the Yukon, as  required by the Liquor Tax Act . 
Domestic products are purchased from various locations across Canada. All imported products are 
purchased through the British Columbia Liquor Distribution Branch, from vendors through third party 
warehouses, Liquor Connect in Alberta, and direct vendors wi thin Canada. There are no restrictions 
on imported liquor products considered for purchase by the YLC in relation to category or origin.  
To determine retail prices, the YLC applies standard pricing formulas that include the producer 's 
price, federal duty a nd excise tax, freight, YLC mark -up, refundable container deposit, and a 
non-refundable recycling surcharge, in addition to the federal Goods & Services Tax and the 
12% Yukon liquor tax.  
YLC's shelf prices include the landed cost for the product, refundabl e deposits, recycling fees and a 
liquor tax. Most shelf prices across the country show product prices without taxes and deposits, 
which are applied at the point of purchase.   
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 24 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL LIQUOR CONTROL AUTHORITIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of 
the product  Year1 Total quantity 
imported2 Quantity imported  
by STEs  Per-unit import 
price3 Average representative 
domestic sales price4 Mark -up National 
production5 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
  '000 Litres  Litres  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre   CAD'000 
Beer 
22.03  2020 322,096  … 2.01 4.78 … 6,354,424  
2021 230,711  … 2.08 4.84 … 7,009,359  
Wine6 
22.04  
22.05  
22.06  2020 466,184  … 5.87 15.78 … 1,605,028  
2021 435,354  … 6.69 16.02 … 2,166,368  
Spirits 
22.08  2020 39,736  … 30.23  36.52 … 1,345,036  
2021 39,238  … 33.04 37.41 … 1,271,029  
Notes:   "…" Indicates not applicable . 
1. Data in column 5  is for fiscal years ending on 31  March  (2019-20 and 2020 -21). All other data is for calendar years. Figures in column 5 include coolers separated 
by type (i.e. beer coolers, wine coolers, spirit coolers).  
2. Not all products referred to as beer, wine or spirits are measured i n the same unit of measure. For beer, data includes all imports measured in litres. For wine, 
data includes all imports measured in litres and in litres of pure alcohol (LPA), and kilograms (KG). For spirits, data inclu des all imports measured in LPA. Impo rts 
may include supplementary imports, including products imported for further processing and re -exported under the import for re -export program.  
3. Average import prices are calculated as the value of imports by STEs (the price in the country of origin) d ivided by the quantity of imports by STEs.  
4. Average representative domestic sales price is calculated as the value of domestic sales of imported products divided by the volume of import sales . 
5. Production figures are represented by the value of shipmen ts, and are calculated using the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) rather than 
HS codes. Quantity data is not available. Data for wine is a Statistics Canada estimate.  
6. Wine includes vermouth, coole rs and ciders (except Column 5, wh ich excludes vermouth).  
Sources:  Column 2, 4:  Statistics Canada.  
Column 5:  Statistics Canada . Table 10 -10-0011-01 Value of sales of alcoholic beverages of liquor authorities and other retail outlets, by beverage type . 
Column 7:  Statistics Canada . Table 16 -10-0047-01 Manufacturers ' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratio, by industry . 
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 25 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL LIQUOR CONTROL AUTHORITIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of 
the product  Year1 Total quantity 
exported2 Quantity 
exported 
by STEs3 Average 
Procurement 
price  Average representative domestic sales 
price for sales of domestically -
produced alcohol  Per-unit export 
price  National 
production4 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
  '000 Litres  '000 Litres  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre  CAD'000 
Beer 
22.03  2020 141,516  - … 4.21 0.98 6,354,424  
2021 142,533  - … 4.26 0.90 7,009,359  
Wine5 
22.04  
22.05  
22.06  2020 221,550  - … 8.65 0.97 1,605,028  
2021 290,389  - … 8.08 0.86 2,166,368  
Spirits  
22.08  2020 171,549  - … 29.99 3.87 1,345,036  
2021 172,198  - … 30.40  4.12 1,271,029  
Notes:   "-" indicates zero.  
"…" indicates not applicable.  
1. Data in column s 5 and 7  is for fiscal years ending on 31 March ( 2019-20 and 2020 -21). All other data is for calendar years.  
2. Does not include foreign produce re -exported.  
3. Provincial and Territorial liquor control authorities have no authority over the exportation of alcohol ic beverages and no jurisdiction to export such products.  
4. Production figures are represented by the value of shipments, and are calculated using the NAICS rather than HS coding. Quant ity data is not available. Data 
for wine is a Statistics Canada estima te. 
5. Wine includes vermouth, coolers and ciders (except Column 5, which excludes vermouth).  
Sources:  Column 2, 6:  Statistics Canada.  
Column 5:  Statistics Canada . Table 10 -10-0011-01 Value of sales of alcoholic beverages of liquor authorities and other r etail outlets, by beverage type . 
Column 7:  Statistics Canada. Table 16 -10-0047-01 Manufacturers ' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratios, by industry . 
  G/STR/N/19/CAN  
 
- 26 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL LIQUOR CONTROL AUTHORITIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of the product  Year1 Domestic purchases 
by STEs  National production2 Domestic Sales of Domestically -
Produced Alcohol, by STEs  National Consumption3 
1  2 3 4 5 
    CAD'000 litres litres 
Beer 
22.03  2020 … 6,354,424  1,844,658  2,170,917  
2021 … 7,009,359  1,843,094  2,120,497  
Wine4 
22.04  2020 … 1,605,028  405,717  763,605  
2021 … 2,166,368  510,869  867,875  
Spirits  
22.08  2020 … 1,345,036  93,965  181,277  
2021 … 1,271,029  97,977  191,695  
Notes:    "…" not available.  
1. Data in columns 4 and 5 are for fiscal years ending on 31 March ( 2019-20 and 2020-21). All other data is for calendar years.  
2. Production figures are represented by the value of shipments, and are calculated using the NAICS rather than HS coding. Quant ity data is not available. Data  for 
wine is an estimate.  
3. National consumption  is represented by the total quantity of domestic sales of imported and domestic products. It does not include homemade beer a nd wine, 
wine and beer manufactured through brew -on-premises operations, all sales to Canadian residents in duty free shops and an y other unreported transactions. 
Export sales are not included.  
4. Wine includes vermouth, coolers and ciders for column 2.  
Sources:  Column 3: Statistics Canada. Table 16 -10-0047-01 Manufacturers' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratios, b y industry . 
 Column 4, 5: Statistics Canada . Table 10 -10-0011-01 Value of sales of alcoholic beverages of liquor authorities and other retail outlets, by beverage type . 
 
__________