G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
24 May 2023 
(23-3579) Page: 1/28 
Committee on Agriculture    
 
EXPORT SUBSIDIES, EXPORT CREDITS, EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEES  
OR INSURANCE PROGRAMMES, INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID  AND 
AGRICULTURAL EXPORTING STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT BY THE SECRETARIAT1 
State Trading Enterprises  
Addendum  
This addendum refers to and must be read in conjunction with document G/AG/W/125 /Rev. 18. 
It provides information on Members' agricultural exporting State Trading Enterprises (STEs) , as 
described in P art D of document G/AG/W/125 /Rev. 18. 
 
_______________  
 
 
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice 
to the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO. It has been prepared for 
information only and is not intended to provide any authoritative or official legal interpretation of the provisions 
of the WTO Agreements in general or in relation to any specific entity or measure listed in this document.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  TABLE OF CONTENT S 
Australia  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  4 
China  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  6 
Colombia  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  9 
Costa Rica  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  13 
Dominica  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  15 
Dominican Republic  ................................ ................................ .............................  16 
Ecuador  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  17 
Fiji ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  19 
Grenada  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  20 
Indonesia  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  21 
Israel  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  22 
New Zealand  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 23 
Thailand  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  25 
Tunisia  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  27 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  TABLE ON SOURCE OF DATA  
Member  Source of data 
Australia  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 17 January 2023   
• Notification G/STR/N/1 9/AUS circulated on 2 May 2021  
China  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 17 January 2023  
• Notification G/STR/N/1 8/CHN circulated on 12 November  2021 
Colombia  • Notification G/STR/N/16/COL circulated on 1 June 2017  
Costa Rica  • Reply to questionnaire circulated on 17 January 2023  
• Notification G/STR/N/1 9/CRI circulated on 19 December 20 22 
Dominica  • Notification G/STR/N/4/DMA, G/STR/N/5/DMA and G/STR/N/6/DMA circulated 
on 15 February 2001  
Dominican Republic  • Reply to questionnaire circulated on 17 January 2023  
• Notification G/STR/N/19/DOM circulated on 9 August 2022  
Ecuador  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 25  October  2018  
• Notification  G/STR/N/16/ECU circulated on 6 July 2018  
Fiji • Notification G/STR/N/4/FJI circulated on 19 February 1999  
Grenada  • Notification G/STR/N/13/GRD circulated on 24 August 2010  
Indonesia  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 25  October  2018  
• Notification G/STR/N/1 9/IDN circulated on 28 February  2023  
Israel  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 17 January 2023  
• Notification G/STR/N/18/ISR circulated on 19 September  2022  
New Zealand  • Reply to Questionnai re circulated on 17 January 2023   
• Notification G/STR/N/1 9/NZL circulated on 12 July 202 2 
Thailand  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 17 January 2023  
• Notification G/STR/N/1 9/THA circulated on 4 July 2022 
Tunisia  • Notifications G/STR/N/15/TUN and G/STR/N/16/TUN circulated on 8  June 2016 
and G/STR/N/15/TUN/Suppl.1 and G/STR/N/ 16/TUN/Suppl.1 circulated 
on 14 March  2017 
 
 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  Australia  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
The Rice Marketing Board for 
the State of New South Wales 
(NSW).  Rice grown in the Australian state of  New 
South Wales [HS 1006]. Rice grown in 
other Australian states or territories is not 
affected.  [HS 1006]  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
The objectives of the Rice Marketing Board NSW include:  
(1) to encourage  the development of a competitive domestic market for rice;  
(2) to ensure  the best possible returns from NSW -grown rice sold outside Australia , based on the quality 
differentials or attributes of Australian -grown rice;  
(3) to liaise with and represent the interests of all NSW rice growers in relation to the Board's functions and 
objects.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
NSW Rice Marketing Act 1983.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
All rice grown in New South Wales (NSW) is divested from producers and becomes the property of the Rice 
Marketing Board NSW (the Board) under a vesting proclamation. The Board is permitted to issue Authorised 
Buyers licenses, which allow license holders to  buy, hold, store and sell NSW -grown rice in the domestic 
market. Authorised Buyers are appointed by the Board and any applicant is eligible to become an Authorised 
Buyer , subject only to the Board's discretion to refuse an application where it has reason to believe that the 
applicant will breach the conditions of appointment . These conditions  primarily relate to the restriction on the 
export of NSW -grown rice. The Rice Marketing Board NSW also issues a separate but related Sole and 
Exclusive Export License  (SEEL) for the export of NSW -grown rice, which is currently issued to Ricegrowers 
Limited (trading as SunRice).   
Authorised Buyers are able to freely buy and sell rice grown in NSW on the domestic Australian market. All 
sales contracts are entered into on  a commercial basis. The domestic market is open to competition from rice 
imports, of which there are significant quantities annually. There are no tariffs or quantitative restrictions 
applied to Australian imports of rice (HS1006). The SEEL holder does no t have special or exclusive privileges 
to import rice.  
In April 2022, the NSW Government announced the continuation of rice vesting in NSW until 30 June 2027.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enter prise.  
The Rice Marketing Act 1983 entitles the Rice Marketing Board NSW to award a single Authorised Buyer with 
the exclusive right to export rice grown in NSW.  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  Additional information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
Table : Australian rice exports  
Description of 
product(s)  Year  
(financial  year 1 July – 30 June)  Total  quantity * exported  
('000 tonnes)  Value  exported*  
(in million AUD)  
Rice (HS 1006)  2015/16  316 397 
Rice (HS 1006)  2016/17  218 171 
Rice (HS 1006)  2017/18  353 368 
Rice (HS 1006)  2018/19  244 299 
Rice (HS 1006)  2019/20  94 116 
Rice (HS 1006)  2020/21  25 39 
Rice (HS 1006)  2021/22  158 223 
Source:  Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES), Agricultural 
commodities: March quarter 2023.  
* Based on ABARES estimates. Includes the milled equivalent of rice flour. New South Wales produces 
more than 99% of Australian rice. Major export destinations for Australian rice include Israel; Japan; 
Jordan; Korea, Republic of; New Zealand; Saudi Arabia,  Kingdom of; and United Arab Emirates.  
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  China  
Consistent with the Bali Ministerial Declaration on Export Competition, Members shall continue to 
provide information on Agricultural Exporting State Trading Enterprises within the context of an 
annual examination process, based on the following structure:  
 
1. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
• Identification  of state trading enterprises  
• Description  of products affected ( including tariff item numb er(s) encompassed in  
product description)  
According to China's accession protocol, the agricultural state trading export enterprises and 
products  are listed as below.  
Products  Tariff lines （HS2007)  State trading enterprises  
Rice 10061011,  10061019,  10061091,  
10061099,  10062010,  10062090,  
10063010,  10063090,  10064010,  
10064090  1. COFCO Group Co., Ltd.  
2. Jilin Food Group Import and Export Co., Ltd.  
3. Heilongjiang Beidahuang Agricultural Reclamation 
Group Corporation  
4. Dongfang Desheng Grai n Import and Export Co., Ltd. 
(corn only) Corn 10051000,  10059000,  11042300  
Tobacco  24011010,  24011090,  24012010,  
24012090,  24013000,  24021000,  
24022000,  24029000,  24031100 , 
24031900,  24039100,  24039900  Please refer to the Announcement No. 44 of 2001 of the 
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation  
1. China Tobacco International Inc.  
2. China Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Liaoning Corporation  
3. China Tobacco Heilongjiang Imp. & Exp. Co.,Ltd.  
4. China Tobacco Shanghai Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
5. China  Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Fujian Co., Ltd.  
6. China Tobacco Shandong Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
7. China Tobacco Henan Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
8. China Tobacco Hubei Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
9. China Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Hunan Co., Ltd.  
10. China Tobacco Guangdong Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
11. China Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Sichuan Co., Ltd.  
12. China Tobacco Guizhou Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
13. China Tobacco Yunnan Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
14. Jilin Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
15. Zhejiang Tobacco Imp. & Exp.Co., Ltd.  
16. Shenzhen Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
17. Shaanxi Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
18. Xinjiang Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
19. Yunnan Tobacco International Co., Ltd.  
Cotton  52010000,  52030000  1. China National Textile and Apparel Group Co., Ltd.  
2. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cotton and Linen 
Company  
3. Xinjiang Yinlong Agricultural International Cooperation 
Co., Ltd.  
4. China Reserve Cotton Management Corporation  
2. Reason and purpose  
 
• Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
• Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or 
privileges, including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional 
powers  
Maintain stable supply of products subject to stat e trading, protect the interests of consumers 
against the impact of price fluctuations and safeguard national food security.  
 
Legal basis: "Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China", "Regulations of the People's 
Republic of China on Administrati on of Import and Export of Goods", "Catalogue of Goods under 
State Trading Administration of Export" (Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 
Announcement No. 28, 2001), "Catalogue of Enterprises of State Trading Export" (Foreign Economic G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  and Tr ade Ministry Announcement No. 28 of 2001), "Tobacco Monopoly Law of the People's Republic 
of China".  
3. Description of the functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
 
• Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
• Speci fication of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
State trading enterprises conduct business activities independently based on commercial 
considerations under market conditions.  
 
State trading enterprises enjoy e xclusive rights in the exportation of rice, corn, tobacco, and cotton.  
 
Additional information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
 
1. Exports (value/volume)  
2. Export prices  
3. Export destination  
 
Products  Year  Export Destinations  Volume 
(Ton nes) 
Rice 2021 Korea, Republic of; Sierra Leone; Türkiye; Papua New Guinea; Guinea; 
Cameroon  2,365,000  
2022 Egypt; Türkiye; Korea , Republic of ; Sierra Leone; Papua New Guinea; 
Puerto Rico  2,100,000  
Tobacco  2021 Indonesia; Viet Nam; Belgium; United Arab Emirates; Philippines; 
France  216,000  
2022 Indonesia; Belgium; United Arab Emirates; Viet Nam; Philippines; 
Belize  240,000  
Note:  The export value and prices are not available due to commercial confidentiality.  
 
 
  
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 8 - Unit: thousand tonnes  
Description  
of product(s)  HS Code  State Trading Enterprises or  
Reference Documents  Year Total Export 
Quantity  
 
(1,000  tonnes)  Quantity exported  
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  Average 
export price  National 
production  
 
(1,000  tonnes)  
Rice 10061021  
10061029  
10061081  
10061089  
10062020  
10062080  
10063020  
10063080  
10064020  
10064080  1. COFCO Corporation  
2. Jilin Grain Group Imp. & Exp. 
Co., Ltd.  
3. Heilongjiang Beidahuang 
Agriculture Group Corporation  2018 2,089.30  2,089.30  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  212,129  
2019 2,747.50  2,747.50  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  209,614  
2020 2,304.27  2,304.27  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  211,860  
Corn 10051000  
10059000  
11042300  
 1. COFCO Corporation  
2. Jilin Grain Group Imp. & Exp. 
Co., Ltd.  
3. Heilongjiang Beidahuang 
Agriculture Group Corporation  
4. Beijing Oriental Desheng 
Import and Export Co., Ltd.  2018 12.02  12.02  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  257,174  
2019 25.70  25.70  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  260,779  
2020 2.51 2.51 Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  260,665  
Tobacco  24011010  
24011090  
24012010  
24012090  
24013000  
24021000  
24022000  
24029000  
24031100  
24031900  
24039100  
24039900  
48131000  
48132000  
48139000  
55021010  
56012210  
84781000  
84789000  As listed in MOFTEC 
Announcement No.  44 of 2001 2018 300.60  28,666.96  300.60  28,666.96  Not Available  Not Available  
2019 323.67  29,502.20  323.67  29,502.20  Not Available  Not Available  
2020 289.56  19,257.32  289.56  19,257.32  Not Available  Not Available  
Cotton  52010000  
52030000  1. Chinatex  Corporation  
2. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous 
Region Cotton and Jute Import & 
Export  Co. 
3. Xinjiang Yin Long International 
Agriculture Cooperation Co., Ltd.  
4. China National Cotton Reserves 
Corporation  2018 47.34  47.34  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  6,103  
2019 52.14  52.14  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  5,889  
2020 4.73 4.73 Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  5,910  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  Colombia  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
FÁBRICA DE LICORES 
Y ALCOHOLES DE 
ANTIOQUIA2 Aguardiente Antioqueño ( aguardiente  or sugar -cane 
liquor)  
Aguardiente Antioqueño sin Azúcar (sugar -free 
aguardiente ) 
Aguardiente Real 1493  
Ron Medellín Añejo (aged rum)  
Vodka Monteskaya  
Licor de Menta (mint liqueur)  
Licor de Café (coffee liqueur)  
Ron Cream Siboney (rum cream liqueur)  
Ron Maestro Botero (rum)  
Ron Maestro Gabo (rum)  
Ginebra Katia (gin)  2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.60.00.00  
2208.70.90.00  
2208.70.90.00  
2208.70.20.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.50.00.00  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
Pursuant to Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the only legal monopolies are those 
established under the law as a means of revenue generation in the public and social interest. The revenue 
obtained from the exercise of the alcoholic beverages monopoly is thus primarily earmarked for the health 
and education services. Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983 delegates the exercise of the revenue -generating 
alcoholic bever ages monopoly to the departments.  
 
Under this legal framework, production of alcoholic beverages by the State trading enterprises is at 
departmental level.  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
Colombian distilleries provide a significant source of income for the departmental tax authorities which 
ensures the sustainability of public health and education services in many regions of the country. Furthermore, 
the distilleries' profits are transferr ed in part of in full to the departments, as established by the assembly of 
the department concerned. In short, the reasons for the existence of the distilleries are as follows:  
• The production and subsequent sale of alcoholic beverages generate direct reve nue for the departmental 
tax authorities . 
• Profits go to the departments, not to a private entity.  
• The enterprises provide the departments with a significant source of income which is invested in deprived 
areas of the country.  
• Job creation . 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
Under Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, Article 61 of Law No.  14 of 1983, Decree No. 1222 
of 1986, Decree No. 244 of 1906, Law No. 223 of 1995, Law No. 788 of 2002 and Law No. 1393 of 2010, the 
departments, i.e. the territorial divisions of the country, are independent administrators of the alcoholic 
beverages monop oly designed to generate revenue  for preferential allocation to education and health services.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The departmental distilleries produce alcoholic beverages for consumption in their own department, for 
distribution to other departments, and for export. Distribution to other departments is subject to their 
authorization. The distilleries als o import raw materials for production.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON AGUARDIENTE AND RUM EXPORTS  
STATE TRADING: FÁBRICA DE LICORES Y ALCOHOLES DE ANTIOQUIA  
Millions of 750 cc units  
Year  Description of 
product (including 
HS number)  Quantity exported 
by State trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  
USD Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  
USD Average 
export 
price  
USD 
2014  22.08.40.00.00  3.3 6 10.5 6 
2015  22.08.40.00.00  3.5 4.5 8 4.5 
Source:   Asociación Colombiana de Industrias Licorera , ACIL (Colombian Distillers' Association).  
 
2 Distillery attached to the department.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
INDUSTRIA 
LICORERA 
DE CALDAS3 Aguardiente Cristal  
Aguardiente Amarillo de Manzanares (yellow aguardiente ) 
Aguardiente Cristal sin Azúcar (sugar -free aguardiente ) 
Aguardiente Cristal XS (low -alcohol aguardiente ) 
Ron Viejo de Caldas (aged rum)  
Ron Extraviejo Juan de la Cruz (extra -aged rum)  
Ron Carta de Oro (extra -aged rum)  
Ron Reserva Especial (special reserve rum)  
Crema de Ron Cheers (rum cream liqueur)  
Crema de Café Kaldi (coffee liqueur)  2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.70.20.00  
2208.70.20.00  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
Pursuant to Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the only legal monopolies are those 
established under the law as a means of revenue generation in the public and social interest. The revenue 
obtained from the exercise of the alcoholic beverages monopoly is thus primarily earmarked for the health 
and education services. Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983 delegates the ex ercise of the revenue -generating 
alcoholic beverages  monopoly to the departments.  
 
Under this legal framework, production of alcoholic beverages by the State trading enterprises is at 
departmental level.  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
Colombian distilleries provide a significant source of income for the departmental tax authorities which 
ensures the sustainability of public health and education services in many regions of the country. Furthermore, 
the distilleries' profits are transferred in part of in full to the departments, as established by the assembly of 
the department concerned. In short, the reasons for the existence of the distilleries are as follows:  
• The production and subsequent sale of a lcoholic beverages generate direct revenue for the departmental 
tax authorities.  
• Profits go to the departments, not to a private entity . 
• The enterprises provide the departments with a significant source of income  which is invested in deprived 
areas of the country . 
• Job creation . 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
Under Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Col ombia, Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983, Decree No.  1222 
of 1986, Decree No. 244 of 1906, Law No. 223 of 1995, Law No. 788 of 2002 and Law No. 1393 of  2010, the 
departments, i.e. the territorial divisions of the country, are independent administrators of t he alcoholic 
beverages monopoly designed to generate revenue  for preferential allocation to education and health services.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The departmental distilleries produce alcoholic beverages for consumption in their own department, for 
distribution to other departments, and for export. Distribution to other departments is subject to their 
authorization. The di stilleries also import raw materials for production.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON AGUARDIENTE AND RUM EXPORTS  
STATE TRADING: INDUSTRIA LICORERA DE CALDAS  
Millions of 750 cc units  
Year  Description of 
product 
(including HS 
number)  Quantity 
exported by 
State  trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  
USD Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  
USD Average 
export 
price  
USD 
2014  2208.40.00.00  0.43 2.1 6.6 2.1 
2015  2208.40.00.00  0.78 2.1 5.5 2.1 
Source:   Asociación Colombiana de Industrias Licoreras , ACIL (Colombian Distillers' Association).  
 
 
 
3 State industrial and trading enterprise.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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   I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
EMPRESA DE LICORES DE 
CUNDINAMARCA4 Aguardiente Néctar Azul  
Aguardiente Néctar Tradicional  
Licor Anisado Néctar Club sin Azúcar 
(sugar -free anise -flavoured liqueur)  
Aguardiente Néctar Tradicional sin Azúcar 
(sugar -free aguardiente ) 
Aguardiente Néctar Premium (premium 
aguardiente ) 
Ron Blanco Sun Dry (white rum)  
Ron Santafé Añejo (aged rum)  
Licor Anisado 180 (anise -flavoured liqueur)  
Ron Santafé Nido de Cóndores (rum)  2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.90.42.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.90.42.00  
2208.40.00.00  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
Pursuant to Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the only legal monopolies are those 
established under the law as a means of revenue generation in the public and social interest. The revenue 
obtained from the exercise of the alcoholic beverages monopoly is thus primarily earmarked for the health 
and education services. Article 61 of Law No.  14 of 1983 delegates the exercise of t he revenue -generating 
alcoholic beverages  monopoly to the departments.  
 
Under this legal framework, production of alcoholic beverages by the State trading enterprises is at 
departmental level.  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
Colombian distilleries provide a significant source of income for the departmental tax authorities which 
ensures the sustainability of public health and education services in many regions of the country. Furthermore, 
the distilleries' profits are transferred in part of in full to the departments, as established by the assembly of 
the department concerned. In short, the reasons for the existence of the distilleries are as follows:  
• The production and subsequent sale of alcoholic beverages generate direct revenue for the departmental 
tax authorities.  
• Profits go to the departments, not to a private entity.  
• The enterprises provide the departments with a significant source of income which is invested in deprived 
areas of the  country.  
• Job creation.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
Under Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colomb ia, Article 61 of Law No.  14 of 1983, Decree No.  1222 
of 1986, Decree No.  244 of 1906, Law No.  223 of 1995, Law No.  788 of 2002 and Law No.  1393 of 2010, the 
departments, i.e. the territorial divisions of the country, are independent administrators of the alcoholic 
beverages monopoly designed to generate revenue  for preferential allocation to education and health services.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF  THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The departmental distilleries produce alcoholic beverages for consumption in their own department, for 
distribution to other departments, and for export. Distribution to other departments is subject to their 
authorization. The distilleries also import raw materials for production.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the  state trading enterprise.  
 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON AGUARDIENTE AND RUM EXPORTS  
STATE TRADING: EMPRESA DE LICORES DE CUNDINAMARCA  
Millions of 750 cc units  
Year  Description of 
product  
(including 
HS number)  Quantity 
exported by 
State trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  
USD Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  
USD Average 
export 
price  
USD 
2014  2208.40.00.00  0.03 2.3 6.8 2.3 
2015  2208.40.00.00  0.01 2 5.3 2 
Source:   Asociación Colombiana de Industrias Licoreras , ACIL ( Colombian Distillers' Association).  
 
  
 
4 State industrial and trading enterprise.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
INDUSTRIA DE LICORES DEL 
VALLE DEL CAUCA5 Aguardiente Blanco del Valle (white 
aguardiente ) 
Ron Trapiche Premium (premium rum)  
Aguardiente Origen del Valle  
Ron Marqués del Valle (rum)  2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
Pursuant to Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the only legal monopolies are those 
established under the law as a means of revenue generation in the public and social interest. The revenue 
obtained from the exercise of the alcoholic beverages monopoly is thus primarily earmarked for the health 
and education services. Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983 delegates the exercise of the revenue -generating 
alcoholic beverages  monopoly to the departments.  
Under this legal framework, production of alcoholic beverages by the State trading enterprises is at 
departmental level.  
A. Reason or purp ose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
Colombian distilleries provide a significant source of income for the departmental tax authorities which 
ensures the sustainability of public health and education services in many regions o f the country. Furthermore, 
the distilleries' profits are transferred in part of in full to the departments, as established by the assembly of 
the department concerned. In short, the reasons for the existence of the distilleries are as follows:  
• The production and subsequent sale of alcoholic beverages generate direct revenue for the departmental 
tax authorities . 
• Profits go to the departments, not to a private entity.  
• The enterprises provide the departments with a significant source of income whic h is invested in deprived 
areas of the country.  
• Job creation . 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
Under Article 336 o f the Political Constitution of Colombia, Article 61 of Law No.  14 of 1983, Decree No.  1222 
of 1986, Decree No.  244 of 1906, Law No.  223 of 1995, Law No.  788 of 2002 and Law No.  1393 of 2010, the 
departments, i.e. the territorial divisions of the country, are independent administrators of the alcoholic 
beverages monopoly designed to generate revenue  for preferential allocation to education and health services.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The departmental distilleries produce alcoholic beverages for consumption in their own department, for 
distribution to other departments, and for export. Distribution to other departments is subject to their 
authorization. The distilleries also import raw materials for production.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON AGUARDIENTE AND RUM EXPORTS  
STATE TRADING: INDUSTRIA LICORERA DEL VALLE  
Millions of 750 cc units  
Year  Description of 
product (including 
HS number)  Quantity 
exported by 
State trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  
USD Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  
USD Average 
export 
price  
USD 
2014  2208.4 0.00.00  0.28 3.6 8.1 3.6 
2015  2208.4 0.00.00  0.20 2.6 6 2.6 
Source:  Asociación Colombiana de Industrias Licoreras , ACIL (Colombian Distillers' Association).  
 
 
5 State industrial and trading enterprise.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 13 - 
 
  Costa Rica  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
The Agro -Industrial Sugar Cane League ( Liga Agrícola Industrial de la Caña de Azúcar , LAICA) is a non -State 
public entity, with its own legal personality, that is subject to public law in the exercise of its legal powers 
and duties and to private law in the conduct of its marketing and other corporate activities.  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
LAICA was created under Law No.  3579 of 4  November  1965. This law was amended by the Organic Law on 
Sugar Cane Agriculture and the Sugar Industry (Law No.  7818 of 2  September  1998) and amendments 
thereto , with a view to improving LAICA's operational effectiveness and efficiency.  
 
The provisions of Law No.  7818 seek to maintain equitable relations between cane produ cers and sugar mills 
in order to guarantee each sector a reasonable and fair share, and to organize, in the interests of the industry's 
development and stability, the various factors involved in the production of sugar cane and the manufacturing 
and sale o f sugar cane products.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
LAICA has two divisions: the Corporate Division, governed by public law, and the Marketing Division, governed 
by private law.  
The Corporate Division is managed by a Board of Directors made up of eight members, comprising the Minister 
of Agriculture and Livestock, the Minister of the Economy, Industry and Trade, three  members appointed by 
the sugar industry, and three appointed by the cane sector.  
The Marketing Divis ion is under the responsibility of the Marketing Board, which is made up of six  members.  
The activities under LAICA's responsibility include the marketing of sugar and the by -products of sugar cane 
processing.  
Regarding the quality control and marketing of  the product, Law No.  7818 of 2 September 1998 and its 
amendments establish the variables that determine the quality of sugar intended for export, and set out 
LAICA's role in the inspection process, with a view to ensuring the quality of sugar exports (Art icles 141 -143).  
Under Article 9(f), LAICA is responsible for establishing and allocating the national sugar production quota on 
an annual basis. This quota is equivalent to the domestic sugar consumption recorded in the previous season, 
multiplied by a fix ed factor of 1.5. It is allocated among the mills in proportion to the reference quotas. The 
individual production quotas establish  the amount and type of sugar to be produced within the national sugar 
production quota for domestic consumption, export or stockpiling.  
The export quota is divided among the various export markets in consultation with the industry. If it benefits 
the indu stry, and subject to the conditions prevailing on the markets, the Board of Directors may order that 
the sugar included in the quota be replaced by alcohol.  
Written contracts, duly registered with LAICA, are indispensable for sugar exports. Exports must co mply with 
the individual quotas granted for the corresponding sugar crop year.  
The Board of Directors determines the periods during which the sugar included in each mill's export quota, 
destined  for preferential markets or markets that are covered by inter national agreements approved by Costa 
Rica, may be exported.  
Before authorizing sugar exports, LAICA must ensure that they are in conformity  with the established quota 
system and that they do not violate any international agreements concluded by Costa Rica or affect or impede 
proper compliance with the quotas granted to Costa Rica in the international sugar markets.  
Exporters are also required  to inform LAICA of the real price of the sugar exported, and LAICA has the 
authority to reject any sugar export transactions that involve a sales price lower than the prevailing 
international market prices.  
In addition to registering their contracts, expo rters must also ensure they are entered in the register kept 
by LAICA for that purpose, and to that end must provide  general data concerning the natural or legal person 
in question.   
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 14 - TABLE I.1 - STATE TRADING: STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
LAICA does not import; it only reported imports in 2017 (190.4 tonnes) and 2018 (200 tonnes) under the preferential quota for  non-originating sugar under the 
Costa Rica -Canada free trade agreement.  
TABLE  I.2 - STATE TRADING: STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of 
product(s)  Year * Total quantity 
exported * 
(50 kg sacks)  Quantity exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  
(in 50 kg sacks)  Average 
procurement 
price  
(per 50  kg sack 
of sugar)  
(CRC)  Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  
(per 50  kg sack 
of sugar)  
(CRC)  Average export price 
(per 50  kg sack 
of sugar)  
(USD)  National 
production ** 
(in 50 kg 
sacks)  
Sugar  2017-2018 4,167,164.84  4,167,164.84  15,201.38  22,305.07  22.67  8,341,283.44  
17.01  2018-2019 4,047,299.84  4,047,299.84  14,935.22  22,487.32  18.73  8,559,911.24  
 2019-2020 4,006,916.75  4,006,916.75  14,752.96  22,696.69  18.73  8,534,552.51  
 2020-2021 4,239,326.33  4,239,326.33  14,658.15  22,314.26  20.45  8,239,999.52  
Source:  LAICA.  
* The sugar cane crop year runs from 1 October to 30  September . 
** Does not include the production/exports of sugar companies with a low level of production in relation to the national total (LAICA represents over 95%).  
TABLE I .3 - STATE TRADING: STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of 
product(s)  Year*  Domestic purchases by State 
trading enterprise  
(50 kg sacks)  National  production**  
(50 kg sa cks) Domestic sales by State trading 
enterprise  
(50 kg sacks)  National  consumption** 
(50 kg sacks)  
Sugar  2017-2018 8,341,283  8,341,283  4,188,254  4,188,254  
17.01  2018-2019 8,559,911  8,559,911  4,129,740  4,129,740  
 2019-2020 8,534,553  8,534,553  3,947,333  3,947,333  
 2020-2021 8,240,000  8,240,000  3,857,815  3,857,815  
Source:  LAICA . 
* The sugar cane crop year runs from 1 October to 30 September.  
** Does not include the production/consumption of sugar companies with a low level of production in relation to the national total (LAICA represents over 95%).   
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 15 - 
 
  Dominica  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Dominica Banana a nd 
Marketing Corporation 
(DBMC)  The DBMC is the sole purchaser of 
bananas for export to countries outside of 
the Caribbean area.   
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The Dominica Banana Marketing Corporation was established under the DBMC Act 1984 which defines 
objectives of the corporation as to promote the well -being of the banana grower and to ensure the financial 
viability of the banana industry . 
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTI ONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The Corporation is the sole purchaser of bananas for export to countries outside of the Caribbean area and it 
shall be the duty of the corporation to:  
• Carry on its business operation in a cost effective and commercial manner for the benefit of the banana 
industry, while bearin g in mind the national interest;  
• Take all necessary or desirable measures for the dev elopment of the b anana industry;  
• Encourage and facilitate the participation of private enterprises in all  sectors of the banana industry;  
• Purchase or arrange to have purchased all bananas of non -regional exportab le quality produced in 
Dominica;  
• Ensure the most favourable a rrangements for the benefit of the industry in connection with the purchase, 
sale, handling, storing, exporting packing, processing and marketing of bananas.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterp rise 
 
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 16 - 
 
  Dominican Republic  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Instituto de Estabilización de 
Precios (INESPRE)  INESPRE is vested with the authority to 
select the products that come within its 
scope of action.   
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
At the outset, the main activities of INESPRE were: marketing and direct purchase from producers, through 
which it intervened in the setting of market prices; stimulation of production; and imports of agricultural 
products to supply the national market. As for many years in the past, its current operations consist of:  
a) providing agricultural producers with physical infrastructure for both cold and natural storage, on loan or 
lease, to enable them to cope with fluctuations in market behaviour;   
b) encouraging the establishment of markets in which the country's agricultural p roducers can market their 
crops, reducing the role of intermediaries and also benefiting consumers;   
c) establishing the price and market information system;   
d) encouraging the establishment of packing centres in the producing areas as a means of increasing the  
added value of agricultural production;   
e) establishing strategic reserves of sensitive products;   
f) facilitating the installation of rural IT centres for organized producer groups;   
g) identifying and promoting new investment opportunities in the area of agricu ltural marketing;   
h) establishing training and education centres for producers.  
INESPRE programmes and services:  
- Agri-markets: operates at different points in the country with outlets suited for sales. The programme 
provides for the refurbishment of the ph ysical facilities of these establishments, the repair of damaged 
equipment, the incorporation of necessary equipment, the restocking of goods, the establishment of an 
efficient, capable and highly autonomous administration, as well as the creation of an in itial capitalization 
fund. 
- Producers' markets: supports sales and local producers by providing an organized trade platform. This is a 
market or fair where producers and consumers meet for trading. The advantage of this type of activity is 
that producers ca n sell their crops directly to consumers. For the latter, this is extremely beneficial as they 
can acquire goods without the costs related to intermediaries.  
- Mobile stores: aims to reach families living in extreme poverty, such as bateyes (sugar worker com munities) 
and families in very depressed areas where producers' markets cannot be held.  
- Fixed stores: offers agricultural products to the final consumer without the use of intermediaries, in 
dedicated fixed physical spaces, ensuring good prices and substan tial benefits to producers.  
- Training in agricultural marketing: Training in agricultural marketing: provides information for small and 
medium -sized producers on the post -harvest phase and product quality, safety and marketing.  
- Agricultural laboratory servi ces: determines the quality and safety of agricultural products when required 
by public and private institutions that market, distribute and use the products.  
 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
For more information, visit: National Price Stabilization Institute . 
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
 
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
 
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 17 - 
 
  Ecuador  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  
National Warehousing Unit  (UNA EP). The National Warehousing Unit mainly handles yellow flint 
maize, rice and cereals.  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
The National Warehousing Unit  is chiefly responsible for the temporary warehousing and domestic marketing 
of agricultural products, in particular yellow flint maize, rice and cereals, the managemen t of strategic food 
reserves, and support for the marketing and distribution of inputs. Its activities are geared towards 
implementing the food sovereignty mandate enshrined in the Constitution. In practice, this enterprise 
participates , as a priority, in low and high volume domestic marketing.   
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
• Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, Articles  281 and 315 (Food Sovereignty Regime and 
Establishment of State -Owned Enterprises);  
• Organic Law on the Food Sovereignty Regime (LORSA);  
• Organic Law on State -Owned Enterprises;  
• Executive Decree No.  12 of 30  May 2013; and  
• Executive Decree No. 821 of 17 November 2015.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The National Warehousing Unit is an enterprise which focuses – exclusively – on support for the domestic 
marketing of agricultural staples for food sovereignty purposes, the management of temporary warehousing, 
and transport and marketing of the harvest. The agricultural commodities in question are purchased from 
small producers at domestic market prices.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
Not applicable.  
 
 
Additional information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION (SEE TABLE ATTACHED)  
 
The National Warehousing Unit has not participated in the export or import of these commodities. 
However, other operators have been recorded as engaging in foreign trade operations involving the 
products handled by the UNA EP.    
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 18 - TABLE - STATE TRADING: NATIONAL WAREHOUSING UNIT  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS
Description of 
product(s) (including 
HS number(s))  Crop year  Total quantity 
exported  
(tonnes)  Quantity 
exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  
(1) Average 
procurement price  
(USD/tonne)  
(1) Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  
(USD/tonne)  Average 
export price  
(2) National 
production  
(tonnes)  
Yellow flint maize  2015 106 0 n/a 410 n/a 1,734,000  
Yellow flint maize  2016 22 0 n/a 1,146  n/a 1,319,000  
Rice 2015 1,112  0 n/a 909 n/a 1,786,000  
Rice 2016 207 0 n/a 1,095  n/a 1,715,000  
Cereals  2015 1,438  0 n/a 3,850  n/a 11,681  
Cereals  2016 1,771  0 n/a 2,707  n/a 8,517  
(1) Not applicable, the State trading enterprise does not engage in exportation.  
(2) Not applicable, the State trading enterprise does not engage in exportation . G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 19 - 
 
  Fiji 
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Fiji Sugar Corporation (FSC)  Raw Sugar and Molasses   
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
The FSC was established to develop and manage Fiji's sugar industry including all aspects of production and 
marketing.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
FSC was incorporated by an Act of Parliament in 1972 to  take over all milling activities in the  industry.  
Under the Sugar Industry Tribunal Master award, the FSC is responsible for the marketing of sugar  and 
molasses.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The FSC is engaged in the export of raw sugar and molasses through its marketing arm, the Fiji Sugar  
Marketing Company Limited (FSM).  
 
• Sugar is exported to the UK under the Sugar Protocol (LOME Convention).  Exports to Malaysia are made 
under a bilateral agreement, while exports to Finland and Portugal are under Special Preferential Sugar 
(SPS) arrangement. Shipments to the US are made under the US global quota arrangement. Qu antities 
and prices are either set under these agreement s, or are on world market terms;  
• Sugar is also exported to Japan, China, Singapore and the Republic of Korea on world market terms.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoy ed by the state trading enterprise.  
Under the Master Award, the FSC has exclusive rights to export raw sugar and molasses.  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 20 - 
 
  Grenada  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM 
NUMBER(S)  
Grenada Cocoa Association (GCA)  Cocoa Beans   
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The GCA is a Statutory Organization which was established in 1964 to provide for the future regulation and 
control of the production, processing and marketing of cocoa in Grenada.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The Grena da Cocoa Association was established by an Act of Parliament by the Government of Grenada which 
is the Grenada Cocoa Industry Ordinance Act 30 0f 1964 which was superseded by the Grenada Cocoa 
Industry Act No.4 of 1989.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING  OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The GCA is responsible for marketing, plant protection, and post -harvest handling including fermenting, 
drying and quality control, plant propagation, cocoa extension services and over site of cocoa husbandry on 
farmers ' fields; also the GCA guarantees the purchase of all cocoa produced by farmers in Grenada.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
GCA is the sole exporter of cocoa and determines prices paid to farmers.  
GCA has exclusive rights to grant licences to local Agents to purchase cocoa beans from farmers.  
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 21 - 
 
  Indonesia  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTREPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Perum BULOG, as State Trading 
Enterprise  Rice 10 06  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The purpose of establishing Perum BULOG  as a State Trading Enterprise (STE), is to conduct good quality 
and sufficient staple food logistics businesses for all society's needs; and in some cases, to conduct 
particular tasks given by the Government in light of stabilizing staple food prices, man aging government 
food reserves and distributing staple food to low income people, particularly rice and other staple food 
items determined by the Government in the pursuit of achieving national food security;  
In implementing its statutory functions, the ag ency engages in domestic procurement, sales/distribution, 
import/export and public  stockholding.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitu tional powers  
The operations of Perum BULOG are governed by the recent State -Owned Enterprise Law  No 19/2003, the 
provisions of Food Law No.  18/2012, the Presidential Instruction No.  5/2015 , the President Regulation 
No. 48/2016  and the Minister of Trade R egulation No. 20/2020 . BULOG was established under the Presidential 
Decree No.  114/U/Kep/5/1967. Since 2003 BULOG was transformed from a non -departmental government 
agency into a State -Owned Enterprise, namely Perum BULOG by Government Regulation  No. 7/200 3, as 
amended by Government Regulation No.  61/2003.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
Conducting domestic paddy/rice procurement for defending guaranteed price;  
Ensuring domestic rice price stabilization;  
Carrying out domestic paddy/rice procurement with the Government Purchase Price  (HPP) ; 
Distributing rice for poor and vulnerable people, Internally Displaced Persons (I DP's), and victims of 
natural calamities and social conflicts;  
Maintaining national reserve stockholding for food security purposes;  
Undertake government mandate to import for price stabilization to ensure food security objective.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
• Undertake the government mandate to import/export and distribute rice, maintain national public stock 
for the price stabilization programme and food secu rity purposes;  
 
• In conducting its operation, Perum BULOG's source of funding comes from the state budget and 
commercial credit based on Government Regulations No. 13/2016.  
 
Additional comment by Indonesia:  As indicated in Indonesia's notification ( G/STR/N/1 8/IDN), 
Perum BULOG as a state trading enterprise statutorily has an exp orting function. However, 
since 1999 BULOG has not exported any commodities. The  operation of BULOG consists mainly  of 
domestic rice procurement and imports of rice  for public stockholding for food security purposes.  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 22 - 
 
  Israel  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTREPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Israel Groundnuts Production 
and Marketing Board (IGPMB)  Groundnuts  12024100  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
By law this Board is the sole exporter of groundnuts from Israel. This has not changed since its establishment 
in 1959.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
All activities of the IGPMB are based on the Groundnuts Production and Marketing Council Rules ( Groundnuts 
Exportation) of 1963.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The C ouncils targets, as stated in the Groundnuts Production and Marketing Council Law of 1959 are: to 
encourage the development of groundnut production, to plan cultivations, to concentrate marketing tasks and 
to provide with counselling measures for the ministers.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or pr ivileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise.  
Groundnuts Production and Marketing Council Rules (Groundnuts Exportation) of 1963 entitles the IGPMB the 
exclusive right to export groundnuts from Israel.  
 
Additional Information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
 
Description of 
product (s) Export value for state 
trading enterprise  
(million USD)  Quantity exported by state 
trading enterprise  
(metric tonnes)  Average 
export price  
(USD/MT)  
Groundnuts     
2013 22.1 5,393  4,102  
2014 22.0 6,011  3,660  
2015 19.1 6,026  3,173  
2016 22.9 7,030  3,254  
2017 23.0 7,159  3,242  
    
2018 22.0 6,364 3,429  
2019 23.0 6,801  3,416 
2020 24.0 7,483  3,240  
2021 25.0 7,959  3,148  
2022 19.648  6,238  3,150  
 
Export destinations  in 2021 : Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Netherlands, Portugal, Malta.  
 
Two other Marketing Boards have the legal authority to grant export licenses and/or to export 
specific agricultural products according to specific regulations issued by the Minist er of Agriculture. 
These are The Egg and Poultry Board and The Plants Production and Marketing Board. Both Egg and 
Poultry and Plants Production and Marketing Boards are not actively engaged in export, but rather 
grant licenses to private exporting entitie s. 
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 23 - 
 
  New Zealand  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Zespri Group Limited  Kiwifruit  HS 08 10 50  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
The New Zealand Government maintains a State Trading Enterprise for kiwifruit exports so as to obtain the 
best commercial return from world markets for producers in New Zealand.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
The Kiwifruit Industry Restructuring Act 1999 and Kiwifruit Export Regulations 1999 provide the legal basis 
for a special exp ort authority for Zespri Group Limited which is not accorded to other exporters of kiwifruit 
destined for markets other than Australia.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The Kiwifruit Industry Restructuring Act was enacted in September 1999. On 1 April  2000 the Act converted 
the New Zealand Kiwifruit Marketing Board into a private company, Zespri Group Limited and distributed 
shares in Zespri Group L imited to kiwifruit growers.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
The promulgation of the Kiwifruit Export Regulations 1999 provides Zespri Group Limited with an automatic 
but not sole right to export kiwifruit.  For the purposes of this questionnaire , Zespri is considered a State 
Trading E nterprise.  
 
Zespri does not administer tariff rate quotas nor does it receive any trade -distorting subsidies, tax 
advantages, sp ecial financing,  or preferential access to foreign exchange. It does not receive any specific 
support from the government based on its status as a State Trading Enterprise.  
 
Additional Information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
 
Description of 
product (s) Average export value 
for state trading 
enterprise  
(NZD billion)  Quantity exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  
(thousand tonnes)  Average export price  
(NZD/kg)   
Kiwifruit     
2010 -11 0.925  353.200  2.63 
2011 -12 1.014 391.151 2.59 
2012 -13 1.022 357.505 2.86 
2013 -14 0.787 309.960  2.52 
2014 -15 1.002  342.720  2.89 
2015 -16 1.417 444.560  3.19 
2016 -17 1.661  501.461  3.31 
2017 -18 1.616  442.282  3.65 
2018-19 2.194 535.564 4.10 
2019 -20 2.318  529.119  4.38 
2020 -21 2.622  562.821  4.66 
2021 -22 2.671  616.953  4.33 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 24 - 
 
  The export destinations for kiwifruit in the last four years in the table above were as follows:  
 
American Samoa  Indonesia  Papua New Guinea  
Antarctic  Israel  Philippines  
Argentina  Italy Qatar  
Australia  Japan  Réunion  
Bahrain, Kingdom of  Kiribati  Russian Federation  
Brazil  Korea, Republic of  Samoa  
Cambodia  Kuwait, the State of  Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of  
Canada  Malaysia  Singapore  
China  Marshall Islands  Slovenia  
Cook Islands  Mauritius  Solomon Islands  
Costa Rica  Mexico  South Africa  
Destination Unknown - EU Micronesia  Spain  
El Salvador  Myanmar  Chinese Taipei  
Fiji Nauru  Thailand  
French Polynesia  Netherlands  Tonga  
Greece  New Caledonia  United Arab Emirates  
Guam  Niue United States of America  
Guatemala  Northern Mariana Islands  Vanuatu  
Hong Kong, China  Palau , Republic of  Viet Nam  
India Panama  Wallis and Futuna  
 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 25 - 
 
  Thailand  
1. Enumeration of STEs  
A. Name  B. Product  C. Tariff item number (s)  
Public Warehouse 
Organization  (PWO)  N/A. N/A. 
2. Reason and purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining the STEs  
PWO is a state -enterprise attached to the Ministry of Commerce. Its objective is to engage in all activities 
regarding agricultural goods and consumer products in order to implement the government policies and the 
business operation, as well as in service business connected with agricultural goods and consumer products.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional power  
Royal Decree Establishing the Public Warehouse B.E.2498 allows the PWO to engage in all activities regarding 
agricultural goods and consumer products either the implementation in response to the government policies 
and the business operation, as well as in servi ce business connected with agricultural goods and consumer 
products.  
3. Description of the functioning of the STEs  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the STEs  
PWO is responsible for the implementation regarding agricultural goods  and consumer products in response 
to the government policies, mainly at the trade operation connected with agricultural goods and consumer 
products including importation and exportation, as well as warehouse business. PWO also allocates quantities 
of impo rt under in -quota of certain agricultural products.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the STEs  
Nil. 
Product 
Descriptions  Export Value  
(million USD)  Export Volume  
(million pieces)  Export Price  Export  
Destination  
No export activities . 
 
1. Enumeration of STEs  
A. Name  B. Product  C. Tariff item number (s)  
Liquor Distillery Organization 
Excise Department  Ethyl alcohol  2207.10.00  
2. Reason and purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining the STEs  
Liquor Distillery Organization Excise Department is empowered by the order of Ministry of Finance to be the 
sole producer of pure alcohol for the purposes of producing and distributing ethyl alcohol.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional power  
The Liquor Act, B.E. 2493, authorized Liquor Distillery Organization Excise Departm ent to be the sole 
producer and distributor of pure alcohol.  
3. Description of the functioning of the STEs  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the STEs  
The Liquor Distillery Organization Excise Department only deals with the production of pure alcohol to be 
distributed within the country. Presently, there is no export of pure alcohol by the Liquor Distillery 
Organization Excise Department due to the fact that production quantity of pure alcohol is not enough to 
export.  
B. Spe cification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the STEs  
Liquor Distillery Organization Excise Department has been granted exclusive rights but no powers or 
influences through purchase or sales of imports or exports pure alcohol.  
Product 
Descriptions  Export Value  
(million USD)  Export Volume  
(million pieces)  Export Price  Export  
Destination  
No export activities . 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 26 - 
 
  1. Enumeration of STEs  
A. Name  B. Product  C. Tariff item number (s)  
Tobacco Authority of Thailand 
(TOAT)  Cigarettes   2402.20.90  
2. Reason and purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining the STEs  
Tobacco Authority of Thailand (TOAT) is a state enterprise with a juristic person status under the Ministry of 
Finance, contributing revenue to the government and being classified in the industrial and commercial branch. 
TOAT is the only tobacco monopoly of cigarette manufacture and distribution. The organization 's core business 
is to satisfy the needs of domestic tobacco consumers in different forms and diversify to other business sectors 
including export and provision of cigarette manufacture services for overseas partners gaining more income 
for the organization.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or pri vileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional power  
Tobacco Authority of Thailand (TOAT) has been a juristic organization under the supervision of Ministry of 
Finance according to Tobacco Authority of Thailand Act, B.E. 2 561 (2018) since 14th May 2018. TOAT shall 
have objectives to manufacture cigarettes which is the government 's monopoly business according to the 
Excise Tax Act as well as other business.  
3. Description of the functioning of the STEs  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the STEs  
1) To operate an industry and business related to tobacco, tobacco leaves or products  
from other plants both within and outside the Kingdom  
2) Being hired from manufacturing tobacco products for export outside the Kingdom  
3) To operate a business related to equipment, tools or appliances related to the industry  
or business according to 1)  
4) To promote a study, research, development and improvement of q uality and standard for  
tobacco production, tobacco leaf products or products from other plants  
5) To provide cooperation for government agencies in order to prevent and suppress offences related to 
tobacco, tobacco leaves or products from other plants  
6) Operat e other businesses related to cigarette production or other businesses according to 1), 2), 3), 4), 
and 5) or for TOAT 's interest.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the STEs  
Nil. 
Product 
Descriptions  Export Value  
(million  USD ) Export Volume  
 Export  Price  Export  Destination  
Cigarettes 
(2402.20.90)  Nil 148.21  
(Million Pieces)  Nil Lao People's  Democratic  Republic, 
Myanmar, Israel,  
New Zealand  
Unmanufactured 
tobacco  
(2401)  Nil 3,480  
(Tonnes)  Nil United Arab Emirates,  
Jordan  
 
 
 
 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 27 - 
 
  Tunisia  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
National Tobacco and 
Matches Agency 
(RNTA)  Cigarettes; Cigars; Pipe tobacco and 
tumbak; Gunpowder; Playing cards; 
Matches; Snuff (Neffa); Leaf tobacco  240220; 240210; 240399; 360100; 
950440; 360500; 240399; 240110  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The National Tobacco and Matches Agency has the monopoly on tobacco marketing.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
Under Law  No. 64-57 of 28 December 1964.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The RNTA grows tobacco, imports leaf tobacco, cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco, manufactures cigarettes, 
cigars, snuff an d pipe tobacco, buys and sells matches, playing cards and gunpowder, and exports leaf tobacco 
(snuff and smoking tobacco), cigarettes and snuff (Neffa).  
 
It distributes its products on the domestic market.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
Under Law No.  64-57 of 28 December 1964, the RNTA is responsible for operating for the benefit of the State 
the fiscal monopoly over tobacco, matches, playing cards and any other product for whi ch responsibility may 
be assigned to it by the State.  
 
Since 1981, the RNTA has exercised this activity in conjunction with the Kairouan Tobacco Factory 
(Manufacture des Tabacs de Kairouan , MTK).  
 
The RNTA is a State enterprise constituted as a non -adminis trative public establishment, the organization and 
functioning of which are governed by Law No.  64-57 of 28 December 1964.  
 
It was created and is maintained to collect taxes, reduce unemployment (source of income for 14,000 tobacco 
farmers, especially in deprived areas of Tunisia) and guarantee gunpowder  transactions.  
 
The legislation under which it was created and is maintained provides for State control of its activities, 
exercised through the Ministry of Finance.  
 
Export prices are fixed b y contract between the parties concerned.  
 
STATE TRADING: NATIONAL TOBACCO AND MATCHES AGENCY  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2011 -2014  
Product 
(HS 
number)  Year Total 
volume 
exported  Volume 
exported 
by the 
State 
trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price (excluding 
taxes)  Average 
export price  Domestic 
production 
(volume)  
Snuff 
(Neffa) 
(packet) 
HS No.: 
240399  2011  336,000  336,000  D0.075/packet*  D0.029/packet  D0.325/packet  28,366,800  
2012  396,000  396,000  D0.132/packet*  D0.029/packet  D0.648/packet  28,106,400  
2013  396,000  396,000  D0.160/packet*  D0.029/packet  D0.691/packet  25,629,300  
2014  480,124  480,124  D0.168/packet*  D0.0316/packet  D0.752/packet  26,000,000  
Leaf 
tobacco 
(tonne) 
HS No.: 
240110  2011  165 165 D1,960/tonne  - D3,154/tonne  4,055  
2012  100 100 D2,172/tonne  - D4,838 tonne  5,278  
2013  - - D/tonne  - - D/tonne  5,065  
2014  120 120 D2,537/tonne  - D4,838/tonne  4,979  
 
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.18/Add.4  
 
- 28 - 
 
  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
National Edible Oils Board 
(ONH)  Soya bean oil; Palm  oil; Olive 
oil. 1507100; 1511909; 1509100  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
It was created and is maintained in order to implement the State's policy on the following in particular:  
• Protecting the country's interests in relation to the production, promotion and export of ol ive oil, which is 
of great social and economic importance to Tunisia;  
• Ensuring the country's supply of refined seed oil for consumption.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The ONH is a State enterprise constituted as a non -administrative public establishment, the  organization and 
functioning of which were laid down by Decree -Law No.  70-13 of 16  October  1970.  
The Decree -Law under which the ONH was created and is maintained provides for State control exercised 
through the Ministry of Agriculture.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of oper ations of the state trading enterprise  
As a State enterprise, the ONH assists olive oil producers, promotes the olive oil sector and regulates the 
market by purchasing and exporting a limited quantity, not exceeding 8% of domestic production over the 
period 2011 -2014, through a subsidiary of the ONH created at the end of 2009 as the National Oil Exports 
Board (ONHE).  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
Since the enactment of the Law of 24 February 1994, the ONH has no longer had the monopoly of sales of 
edible oils granted to it under the Decree -Law of 16 October 1970, except for the export of a tariff quota of 
olive oil to the European Union market, which it was granted by Decree No.  94-1166 of 23 May 1994.  
Under Decree No.  2001-1523 of 25 June 2001, private exporters may export organic Tunisian olive oil and 
bottled olive oil within the quota.  
Similarly, since 2005, specific decrees have enabled private traders, regardless of the level of production, to 
export oil in bulk within the quota as from the month of January, as is the case for  2016.  
The olive oil market is free in Tunisia and there is free competition between private operators and the ONH. 
The latter's presence in the market does not lead to any distortion of market mechanisms. The reason for its 
existence is to regulate the market and protect domestic producers if there is a drop in demand.  
 
STATE TRADING: NATIONAL OIL EXPORTS BOARD (ONH SUBSIDIARY)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  2011 -2014  
Description 
of 
product(s) 
and HS 
number(s)  Crop year  
(January -
December)  Total 
volume 
exported  Volume 
exported by 
the State 
trading 
enterprise 
(tonnes)  Average 
purchase 
price 
(D/metric 
tonne)  Average 
representative 
domestic sa les 
price (D/metric 
tonne)  Average 
export 
price 
(D/metric 
tonne)  Domestic 
production  
1509.100  
Olive oil  2011  - 5,181  3,399  - 3,846  120,000  
2012  - 12,310  3,112  - 3,415  182,000  
2013  - 7,715  4,872  - 5,457  220,000  
2014  - 2,565  5,688  - 5,475  70,000  
 
 
__________