Proposals to Amend the 
New Zealand (Maximum Residue 
Levels for Agricultural 
Compounds) Food Notice 
 
 
New Zealand Food Safety Discussion  Paper  No: 2023/03 
 
 
 
Prepared for public consultation  
by New Zealand Food Safety  
  
ISBN No: 978-1-991087- 29-4 (online)  
ISSN No:  2624- 0157 (online)  
 
 
  26 July 2023 
  
Disclaimer  
 While every effort has been made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, the  
Ministry for Primary Industries  does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, 
interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor  for the consequences of any decisions based on  
this information.  
  This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries  website at  
http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news -and-resources/publications/
  
  © Crown Copyright - Ministry for Primary Industries   
i Contents  Page 
 
1 Request for submissions  1 
2 Introduction 2 
2.1 Establishing Maximum Residue Levels  2 
2.2 Summary of Proposed Amendments  6 
3 PROPOSALS  8 
3.1 Proposal to amend the residue definition for carbendazim  8 
3.2 Proposal to amend the MRLs for cyromazine  8 
3.3 Proposal to set MRLs for fluoxapiprolin  11 
3.4 Proposal to amend the MRLs for fluralaner  12 
3.5 Proposal to set an entry for 1- aminocyclopropane- carboxylic acid (ACC) in Schedule 2  13 
3.6 Proposal to set an entry for Flg22- Bt peptide in Schedule 2  13 
3.7 Proposal to set an entry for adrenaline acid tartrate in Schedule 3  14 
3.8 Proposal to amend the entry for oxalic acid in Schedule 3  14 
  
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  1 1 Request for submissions  
New Zealand Food Safety  invites public comment on this discussion document, which 
outlines proposals to amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural 
Compounds) Food Notice (Notice) . 
 
For each compound  you are commenting on, please clearly answer the following questions.  
 
Do you agree or disagree with the proposed addition, amendment or deletion?  
 
For compounds listed in Schedule 1, d o you agree or disagree with the proposed 
MRL (s)?  
 
For compounds listed in Schedules 2 or 3, do you agree or disagree with the listing or 
the conditions?  
 
Please feel free to include with your answers above, any supporting discussion, data or 
examples that you feel are relevant.  
 
Submissions close at 5pm on 24 September 2023.  Your comments should be sent to:  
MRL Amendments  
New Zealand Food Safety  
Ministry for Primary Industries  
PO Box 2526  
Wellington 6140  
Email: MaximumResidueLevels@mpi.govt.nz . 
Please include your name and address on your submission. If you are making comments on behalf of an organisation, also include your title and the name of the organisation.  
Please make sure your comments can be clearly read, as a number of copies of your submission may be made.  
 
The Official Information Act  
The Official Information Act 1982 (the OIA) states that information is to be made available 
unless there are grounds for withholding it. The grounds for withholding information are 
outlined in the OIA.  Submitters may wish to indicate any grounds for withholding information contained in their submission.  Reasons for withholding information could include that 
information is commercially sensitive or that the submitters wish personal information such 
as names or contact details to be withheld. The Ministry for Primary Industries  will take such 
indications  into account when determining whether to release information.  Any decision to 
withhold information requested under the OIA may be reviewed by the Ombudsman.  
 
  
2 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  2 Introduction  
Agricultural compounds are natural or synthetic substances used in the  direct  management 
of plants and animals, and include all agricultural chemicals (e.g. fungicides, herbicides, and 
insecticides) , veterinary medicines, and other compounds used to maintain plant and animal 
health and productivity.  Growers and farmers use t hese agricultural compounds to manage 
disease in animals and crops, protect the food supply, and maximise the quantity and quality 
of the food they grow.  
Agricultural compound use can leave residues in the food harvested from treated crops and 
animals. To manage these residues, it is important to ensure that only the lowest  amount of 
an agricultural compound is used to consistently achieve its intended purpose. This will leave 
the smallest amount of residue practicable without compromising the compound’s ef ficacy. 
The set  of principles and methods used to manage that balance is known as good 
agricultural practice (GAP). These principles apply to  the production of safe and good quality 
horticultural , agricultural,  and animal products.  Maximum residue levels (MRLs) are then 
established for each compound/food commodity combination by evaluating the residues left 
in food commodities as a result of the highest authorised GAP use (the ‘critical GAP’).  This 
value is compared against the health- based guidance value before a maximum level of 
agricultural compound residue allowable in that food commodity is set. How the MRLs are determined, and how they are used once they have been set, are explained in more detail 
below.   
MRLs are the maximum legal levels for residues of agricultural compounds permitted in food 
for sale in New Zealand. They are established based on domestic uses of a particular 
compound and are used to monitor GAP compliance in New Zealand while ensuring food 
safety. Because they are based on New Zealand authorised uses according to domestic 
GAP, MRLs may differ from those established overseas for a similar use because their GAP may be different.  However, as noted below, imported food can also comply with Codex 
MRLs.  
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement) , proposals for new and amended MRLs are 
notified to the World Trade Organization. Any country may choose to comment if they believe 
a proposed MRL represents a barrier to their trade.  
2.1 Establishing Maximum Residue Levels  
2.1.1 Regulatory Structure  
MRLs  are the maximum legal levels of agricultural compound residues permitted in food for 
sale in New Zealand and are set out in the Notice. The Notice is updated up to four  times a 
year to reflect changes in the use of agricultural compounds in the production of food. The 
Notice is available from the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) New Zealand Food Safety 
website at: https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/19550 -maximum -residue -levels -for-
agricultural -compounds .  
New Zealand Food Safety administers the Notice, with the final decision on any changes to 
the Notice resting with the Director -General of MPI. The Notice is issued under section 405 
of the Food Act 2014. When setting or amending MRLs, the Director -General must follow, as 
far as practicable, international best practice on dietary intake assessment and setting of maximum residue levels.  The requirements for the content of the Notice are set out in Part 6 
of the Food Regulations 2015 (the Food Regulations), allowing for the setting  of MRLs for 
agricultural compounds as well as specifying compounds to which no MRL applies .   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  3 In addition to establishing the requirements for domestically produced foods, Part 6 of the 
Food Regulations  also outlines the residue level compliance requirements for imported 
foods. Regulation 144 states that food must not contain residues of agricultural compounds  
unless the residue level does not exceed : 
- the MRLs specified for that food in a  notice set under the Food Act 2014 
(regulation 144(1)(a)); or  
- the default MRL of 0.1 mg/kg ( regulation  144(1)(c)); or  
- for imported food, the current editions of either the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and Extraneous Maximum Residue Limits (EMRLs) for Pesticides (Codex 
Pesticides Residues in Food Online Database), or the Maximum Residue Limits 
for Veterinary Drugs in Food (Codex Veterinary Drug Residue in Food Online 
Database) ( regulation 144(1)(d)).  
These provisions allow for New Zealand Food Safety to  set MRLs for imported food 
commodities when such levels are required. As imported food commodities can comply with 
either a Codex MRL or a MRL established in the Notice, New Zealand’s obligations under the 
SPS Agreement are met.  
On the whole, the  Food  Regulations allow for the management of residues in all foods 
consumed in New Zealand.  
2.1.2 Determining Maximum Residue Levels  
The first step in determining MRLs for an agricultural compound is establishing GAP for the 
use of the compound in the target species o r crop. New Zealand Food Safety establishes 
GAP by evaluating efficacy, crop safety, and animal health and safety for the range of 
treatments and use patterns  approved and proposed for each compound. Once GAP has 
been established for an agricultural compound, the residues resulting from the highest 
authorised dose or application rate and use pattern, which is likely to give rise to the highest 
residues (the ‘critical GAP’)  is then used to determine the  MRLs in food commodities from  
treated crops  and animals .  
Although the primary function of MRLs is to ensure conformance with established New 
Zealand GAP, the MRLs also play a role in managing dietary exposure and risks to trade in 
food commodities. To ensure the MRLs will effectively manage residues related t o those 
risks, a national estimated daily intake or NEDI calculation is conducted to evaluate 
consumption risk and a review of all international MRLs for the compound/commodity 
combinations being considered is completed to evaluate trade risk. If it is found that the MRL 
being considered may pose a food safety or trade risk, the proposed MRL is not progressed.   
Where it has been determined that MRLs can be set, those MRLs are proposed for inclusion in the Notice for approved or proposed agricultural compound uses . For veterinary 
medicines, MRLs may be proposed for animal products from a specific species (e.g., cattle, chicken) or a species group (e.g., mammalian, poultry) depending on the residue and 
metabolism profile of the agricultural compound being cons idered. Similarly, for agricultural 
chemicals, an MRL may be set for an individual crop or crop product (e.g., avocados, wheat 
grains) or for a crop grouping (e.g., pome fruits). When it has been determined that assigning 
an MRL to a crop grouping is appropriate, the grouping used aligns with the Codex 
classifications of foods and animal feeds.  
For agricultural chemicals used on a crop from which both food and animal feed commodities 
are derived, MRLs are proposed for both the food commodities intended for human 
consumption from the treated crop, and animal commodities for the species or species group 
to which the feed commodity is fed. If the compound for which the MRLs are set is also used 
as a veterinary medicine, all approved veterinary and agricultural chemical uses are  
4 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  considered when setting the animal commodity MRLs. If an agricultural chemical is used on 
a crop from which only animal feed is harvested (e.g., pasture, fodder crops), only animal 
commodity MRLs will be proposed.   
2.1.3 Estimating Chronic Dietary Exposure   
National estimated daily intake  
The objective of the estimated chronic dietary exposure is to determine whether residues in 
food commodities will pose an unacceptable risk to consumers as a result of the authorised 
use of an agricultural compound according to established GAP. This exposure is estimated 
by calculating the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) in accordance with the Guidelines 
for predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised) [World Health Or ganization, 1997] . 
The NEDI calculation uses the total residues in food derived from all New Zealand authorised 
uses of an agricultural compound, including all toxicologically significant residues, and 
regional dietary consumption data derived from the 1997 National Nutritional Survey for 
adults and the 1995 National Nutrition Survey of Australia for children. The calculated NEDI 
is then compared with the health based guidance value (HBGV) associated with the 
compound; if the total residues derived from all  uses of the agricultural compound is 
estimated to be less than the HBGV, the dietary exposure is unlikely to pose a health risk to consumers.   
Health Based Guidance Values  
The HBGV used in determining the estimated dietary exposure may be either a Potent ial 
Daily Exposure (food) (PDE (food)) or an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). The ADI and PDE (food) 
are largely equivalent as they are determined using the same set of toxicology data and 
through a very similar scientific proces s. Both values are reported as milligrams of compound 
per kilogram bodyweight per day (mg/kg bw/d).  
A PDE (food) is a value determined by a toxicological evaluation by the New Zealand 
Environmental Protection Authority (NZ EPA) as part of its responsibility for managing public 
health under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996.  A PDE (food) gives the 
potential daily exposure to a substance that  a person may be subject to via food, and is the 
food- specific part of a set of values for different exposure pathways comprising the NZ EPA’s 
assessment of acceptable daily exposure (ADE) for an agricultural compound.  
An ADI is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “the daily intake which, during 
an entire lifetime, appears to be without appreciable risk on the basis of al l the known facts at 
the time”. “Without appreciable risk” has been further defined as: “the practical certainty that injury will not result even after a lifetime of exposure”. ADIs are established by the WHO and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations joint expert committees, 
which are made up of toxicologists and residue specialists. The ADI information from these 
joint committees also feeds into the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), which sets 
international MRLs.  
New Zealand Food Safety uses the PDE
(food) set by the NZ EPA as the HBGV for the 
estimation of dietary exposure when one is available. If there is no PDE (food), the NEDI  is 
compared with an  ADI set by the WHO/FAO joint expert committees, the Australian 
Pesticides and V eterinary Medicines Authority, the European Food Safety Authority, or 
another regulatory authority. If none of these are available, the HBGV used will be a New 
Zealand Food Safety -determined ADI.    
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  5 2.1.4 International MRLs and Trade  
Because New Zealand MRLs are based on domestic GAP, they may differ from th e MRLs  
established overseas  for the use of the same compound in the same target species or crop if 
the GAP used to set those MRLs are different. To ensure the New Zealand MRLs will not 
unduly impact trade, the MRLs set by Codex and a selection of other international regulatory 
bodies  are reviewed to evaluate trade risk.  
For animal commodities, the MRLs set by Australia, Canada, China, Codex, the European 
Union, Japan, and the U nited States  are commonly  reviewe d and compared; for horticultural 
commodities, MRLs set by Codex and Australia are commonly  reviewed and compared. 
Other international MRLs  may also be  reviewed and compared if there is a particular trade 
risk to be considered for those regions  for any exported commodity .  
Where there are relevant international MRLs to be considered in the trade assessment for 
the proposal, these are included in a table in the “Relevant International MRLs” section of 
each proposal entry. This table includes all MRLs for the agricultural compound/food 
commodity combinations for which new or amended New Zealand MRLs are being 
proposed; international MRLs for other commodities for which New Zealand MRLs already 
exist are not i ncluded. If there are no MRLs set by an international authority for a particular 
compound/commodity combination, the authority is not listed in the table.  
2.1.5 Agricultural Compounds for Which No Maximum Residue Level Applies   
Not all agricultural compounds require an MRL to manage their use in crops or animals . This 
may be because there are no residues present due to the  properties of the  compound such 
as rapid elimination from the plant, animal, or their environment,  or because there are no 
food s afety or trade risk s associated with the residues that are present. Regulation 141 of the 
Food Regulations allow s for the listing of specified compounds that fit these criteria as 
agricultural chemicals or veterinary medicines for which no MRL applies. These compounds 
are listed in Schedule 2 and Schedule 3 of the Notice, respectively , and the conditions of 
listing can be set for a particular use, a particular animal or crop, or general use as an 
agricultural chemical or veterinary medicine.  
Agricultural c hemicals and veterinary medicines being considered for listing as compounds 
for which no MRL applies undergo a similar scientific assessment of their use  as that 
undertaken for MRL assessment. This assessment is done in accordance with international 
methodologies published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 
(OECD), International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for 
Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH), or FAO. It includes establishing the 
GAP u se of the compound, the relevant metabolism and residue information, and the 
potential risks posed to public health and trade. The assessment may also include an 
assessment of dietary exposure when considered necessary to fully assess the risks.  
Where New  Zealand Food Safety has determined that an  MRL is not required, the compound 
is proposed for list ing in Schedule 2 (for agricultural chemicals)  or Schedule 3 (for veterinary 
medicines) with conditions on their use to ensure the listing applies only to those situations 
that have been evaluated. If a compound listed in Schedule 2 or 3 is used in a way that does not meet the specified condition, the default MRL of 0.1 mg/kg will apply  to food derived from 
treated plants  or animals. Each proposal for inclusion  in Schedule 2 or 3 includes a 
discussion of the rationale behind the considerations for listing , and a discussion of the 
assessed risks and proposed conditions .   
6 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  2.2 Summary of Proposed Amendments  
The proposed MRLs have been thoroughly assessed in accordance with international 
methodologies published by the O ECD,  VICH, or FAO . Information on the technical 
assessment of each proposal is included in this document (refer section 3) and covers:  
• the new or amended entry proposed for inclusion in the Notice;  
• the rationale for the new entry or amendment being proposed ; 
• New Zealand good agricultural practice for the compound and target crop or species ; 
• the relevant residues information used in determining the proposed MRLs ; 
• a summary of the dietary risk and public health assessment ; and 
• the MRLs set by Codex and other authorities  that are relevant to the new or amended 
entry.  
Where an existing entry is proposed for revision, new or revised entry content is listed in bold 
print, and content proposed for removal is  identified by a strikethrough.  
The MRL compliance and dietary risk assessment residue definitions are included in the 
residues information section of the proposal. The HBGV used to compare to the NEDI 
calculation and determine the potential public health risk is included in the dietary risk and 
public health assessment section of the proposal.  
2.2.1 Amendments to Schedule 1 : Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds  
MPI proposes to make the following changes to Schedule 1 of the Notice:  
• An amendment of the entry for carbendazim , to re vise the residue d efinition ; 
• An amendment of the entry for cyromazine, to  revise the residue definition and set 
new MRLs at 0.2 mg/kg for eggs, 0.05 mg/kg for poultry meat, 0.05 mg/kg for poultry offal,  0.3 mg/kg for sheep edible offal,  0.3 mg/kg for sheep fat,  and 0.01 mg/kg for 
sheep milk ; 
• A new entry for fluoxapiprolin , to set MRLs at 0.09 mg/kg for tomatoes and 0.01(*) 
mg/kg for potatoes; and  
• An amendment of the entry for fluralaner , to set new MRLs at 0.01(*) mg/kg in sheep 
fat, 0.01(*) mg/kg in sheep kidney, 0.01(*) mg/kg in sheep liver, and 0.005(*) mg/kg in 
sheep meat.  
Note: (*) indicates that the maximum residue level has been set at or about the limit 
of analytical quantification.  
2.2.2 Amendment to Schedule 2: Agricultural Chemicals  for which No Maximum Residue Level 
Applies  
• A new entry for 1 -aminocyclopropane- carboxylic acid (ACC) , when used as a 
plant growth regulator ;  
• A new entry for Flg22- Bt peptide, when used as an agricultural chemical ; and 
2.2.3 Amendment to Schedule 3: Veterinary Medicines  for which No Maximum Residue Level 
Applies  
• The addition of a new entry for adrenaline acid tartrate, when used in calves 
following disbudding, in lambs following tail docking, and in calves and lambs following castration.   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  7 • An amendment of  the existing entry for oxalic acid, to add reference to oxalic acid 
dihydrate.    
8 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3 PROPOSALS  
3.1 Proposal to amend the residue definition f or carbendazim  
It is proposed that the residue definition for carbendazim is revised to remove reference to 
benomyl.  
The new entry in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the 
maximum residue level 
applies Food  Maximum 
Residue Level 
(mg/kg)  
Carbendazim  10605- 21-7 Sum of : carbendazim and 
thiophanate -methyl  
Expressed as: 
carbendazim  Avocados  
Beans  
Berries and other small fruits  
Cereal grains  
Citrus fruits  
Fruiting vegetables (except 
tomatoes)  
Lettuce 
Pome fruits  
Tomatoes  0.5 
2 5 
0.2 
5 
 
0.5 
2 
2 
2 
3.1.1 Amendment Rationale  
The current residue definition includes benomyl because the two compounds are closely 
related and benomyl is known to degrade into carbendazim. The reference to benomyl is being 
removed as there are no longer any products containing benomyl registered in New Zealand, 
with the last registration being cancelled in 2009. Because there are no longer any sources of 
benomyl to contribute to the residue profile residues, reference to benomyl is no longer 
required to manage the GAP use of carbendazim and carbendazim residues.  
3.2 Proposal to amend the MRLs for c yromazine 
It is proposed that the MRLs for cyromazine are amended to more comprehensively support 
the GAP use of the compound in poultry and sheep, and to amend the residue definition.  
The revised entry in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum 
residue level applies  Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Cyromazine  66215- 27-8 Cyromazine  Eggs  
Poultry meat  
Poultry offal  
Sheep  edible offal  
Sheep  fat 
Sheep meat  
Sheep milk  0.2 
0.05 
0.05 0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
0.01 
3.2.1 Amendment Rationale  
The revised MRLs for poultry commodities are being proposed to better support the GAP use 
of cyromazine in poultry commodities following a review of the use pattern, withholding periods, 
and residues resulting from use. The proposed change to the sheep edible offal MRL is an 
administrative change to rearrange the words from “edible offal of sheep” to “sheep edible offal” to better align with the rest of the sheep portion of the entry.  The addition of  sheep fat 
and milk MRLs are being proposed to allow for a complete commodity profile in that species. 
In addition to the changes proposed for the commodities, it is proposed to amend the MRL compliance and dietary intake residue definitions  to remove reference to melamine . After  
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  9 review of the residue and metabolite profiles for cyromazine, New Zealand Food Safety have 
determined that the melamine residue levels present following the use of cyromazine 
according t o New Zealand GAP  are so low they are considered inconsequential to MRL 
compliance and pose s a negligible risk to food safety . Removal of melamine from the New 
Zealand residue definitions will align the definitions with those set by Codex.  
3.2.2 Good Agricultural Practice 
Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator  which acts by  interfering with larval moult 
and thereby blocking larval and pupal development.  The primary use of cyromazine in 
veterinary medicine is for the prevention of flystrike in sheep at topical doses up to 110 
mg/kg  every 8 -10 weeks during the fly season . This use attracts meat withholding periods 
ranging from 7 to 21 days depending on the dose applied; milk withholding periods are set at 35 days for all products.  
In poultry, c yromazine is used to control flies in poultry sheds for 4-6 weeks from when flies 
become active. This is achieved by administering the compound in feed at a rate of 5 ppm to 
allow for the compound to be applied to the premises in the birds’ manure. This us e attracts 
a meat withholding period of 3 days, and a nil withholding period in eggs.  
3.2.3 Residue Information  
The residue depletion data for the use of cyromazine in sheep were sufficient to conclude 
that, when used according to GAP, residues in sheep milk should not exceed 0.01 mg/kg and would not exceed 0.3 mg/kg in any other sheep commodity. Data in poultry was sufficient to conclude that, when used according to GAP, residues should not exceed 0.2 mg/kg in eggs 
or 0.05 mg/kg in meat or offal.   
It is propos ed that the residue definitions for MRL compliance and dietary intake are 
amended to remove reference to melamine. When cyromazine is administered to poultry, 
99.1% of the administered dose is recoverable in the excreta with only a very small amount 
of par ent cyromazine recoverable in tissues and eggs. In sheep, up to 90.4% of the 
administered dose is eliminated via the urine and up to 7.5% of the dose eliminated in the 
faeces. Although melamine was part of the residue profile recovered from the kidney, it was 
less than 2% of the total residue in that tissue; melamine residues were negligible or absent 
in all other tissues and milk.  
Given melamine does not comprise a significant portion of the residue profile in either sheep 
or poultry when the co mpound is used according to GAP in those species, and the low level 
of residue that can be identified presents a very low risk of toxicity, it is proposed that both 
the MRL compliance and dietary intake residue definitions are refined to parent cyromazine 
only. This will align the New Zealand residue definitions with those set by Codex, Australia, 
and the EU, as well as the residue definitions set by Japan, the United States, Korea, and 
the United Kingdom.  
3.2.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.06  mg/kg bw/ d was considered appropriate for use in the assessment. Based 
on the residue profile expected in food from animals treated with cyromazine according to 
New Zealand GAP, the NEDI is estimated to total less than 2 % of the HBGV.  
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of  cyromazine in sheep to 
prevent flystrike and in poultry to manage flies in poultry sheds  in accordance with the GAP 
specified above, and complying with the established and revised MRLs, is unlikely to pose 
any health risk s resulting  from authorised use.  
   
10 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3.2.5 Relevant International MRLs  for cyromazine  
Authority  Food                                                                         Maximum Residue Level 
(mg/kg)  
Codex  Eggs  
Poultry meat  
Poultry, edible offal of  
Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals) 
Edible offal (mammalian)  
Milks  0.3 
0.1 
0.2 
0.3 
0.3 
0.01 
Australia  Eggs  
Poultry meat  
Poultry edible offal  
Sheep meat  
Sheep, edible offal of  
Milks  0.2 
0.05 
0.1 
0.2 
0.2 
0.01 
European Union  Ovine muscle  
Ovine fat  
Ovine liver  
Ovine kidney  0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
Korea Eggs  
Poultry meat  
Sheep  
Milk 0.2 
0.05 
0.05 
0.01 
Japan Chicken and other poultry eggs  
Chicken and other poultry muscle  
Chicken and other poultry fat  
Chicken and other poultry liver  
Chicken and other poultry kidney  
Chicken and other poultry edible offal  
Other terrestrial mammals, muscle 
Other terrestrial mammals, fat  
Other terrestrial mammals, liver  
Other terrestrial mammals, kidney  
Other terrestrial mammals, edible offal  
Milk 0.3 
0.1 
0.05 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.3 
0.4 
0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
0.01 
United States  Eggs  
Poultry meat  
Poultry fat  
Poultry meat byproducts  
Sheep meat  
Sheep fat  
Sheep kidney  
Sheep meat byproducts  
Milk 0.25 
0.05 0.05 
0.05 0.05 
0.05 
0.2 
0.05 
0.05 
United Kingdom  Ovine muscle  
Ovine fat  
Ovine liver  
Ovine kidney  0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
 
   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  11 3.3 Proposal to set MRLs for fluoxapiprolin  
It is proposed that  a new  MRL  entry for  fluoxapiprolin is added to the Food Notice to support 
the GAP use of the compound in tomatoes and potatoes .  
The new entry in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the 
maximum residue level 
applies Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Fluoxapiprolin  1360819- 11-9 Fluoxapiprolin  Potato es 
Tomatoes  0.01(*)  
0.09 
(*) indicates that the maximum residue level has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
3.3.1 Amendment Rationale  
The proposed MRLs are to support a novel fungicidal active ingredient in New Zealand, 
fluoxapiprolin. The proposed use is for  the preventative control of late blight in field tomatoes 
and potatoes.  
3.3.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
Fluoxapiprolin is a fungicide with the oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibition (OSBPI) 
mode of action (Group 49). The proposed use is for the preventative control of late blight in 
field tomatoes and potatoes  at a rate of 20 gai/ha, with up to 3 applications at 7 -14 day intervals 
commencing prior to the onset of disease. No more than two consecutive applications can be made before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. A WHP of  7 days is 
supported as GAP for tomatoes and potatoes.  
Potatoes and tomatoes are not considered to be primary animal feeds in New Zealand and 
this is reinforced with the label statement “Do not graze or feed treated produce to livestock”.  
3.3.3 Residue Information  
The residue data for the use of  fluoxapiprolin were sufficient to conclude that, when used 
according to the proposed GAP, residues of fluoxapiprolin should not exceed 0.01 mg/kg in 
potatoes or 0.09 mg/kg in field tomatoes .  
In plant commodities, the residue definition for  GAP compliance is ‘fluoxapiprolin’, and for 
dietary intake estimation, the residue definition is ‘Sum of parent, BCS -CS55321 pyrazole 
acetic acid and fluoxapiprolin pyrazole alanine’.  
3.3.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV of 0.385 mg/kg bw/d was considered appropriate for use in the assessment. 
Based on the residue profile expected in food from crops treated with fluoxapiprolin, the 
NEDI is estimated to total less than 0.02 % of the HBGV for average adult New Zealander.  
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of fluoxapiprolin on 
tomatoes and potatoes  in accordance with  the GAP specified above , and complying with the 
proposed MRLs, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised use.  
3.3.5 Relevant International MRLs  for Fluoxapiprolin  
There are no international MRLs relevant to this proposal.   
12 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3.4 Proposal to amend the MRLs for fluralaner  
It is proposed that new MRLs are set to support the GAP use of fluralaner in sheep.   
The revised entry in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the 
maximum residue level 
applies Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Fluralaner  864731- 61-3 Fluralaner  Chicken eggs  
Chicken fat/skin  
Chicken kidney  
Chicken liver  
Chicken meat  
Sheep fat  
Sheep kidney 
Sheep liver  
Sheep meat  1.3 
0.6 
0.4 
0.6 
0.06 
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.005(*)  
(*) indicates that the maximum residue level has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
3.4.1 Amendment Rationale  
The MRLs are  being proposed to support a new use to control lice in sheep  in accordance with 
the use pattern and withholding periods proposed as GAP in New Zealand. 
3.4.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
Fluralaner is an isoxazoline parasiticide which acts by inhibiting glutamate -gated chloride 
channels and gamma -aminobutyric -acid (GABA) -gated chloride channels in arthropods. The 
compound is used in  breeder and layer poultry to control Dermanyssus gallinae, and in 
companion animals to control ectoparasites. When used in sheep, the compound will be 
administered at an oral  dose of 1.5 mg/kg  and will attract a meat withholding period of 56 
days. There is also a restriction that fluralaner is not to be used in lactating sheep producing 
milk for human consumption.    
3.4.3 Residue Information  
The residue data for the use of fluralaner in sheep were sufficient to conclude that, when 
used according to the proposed GAP, residues in meat, fat, kidney, and liver will not exceed 
the limits of quantification of  0.005 mg/kg for meat and 0.01 mg/kg for all other commodities. 
As use of the compound is not intended in lactating animals, no milk residue data was 
required.   
3.4.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.01 mg/kg bw/d was considered appropriate for use in the assessment. Based 
on the residue profile expected in food from all animals  treated with fluralaner  according to 
GAP, the NEDI is estimated to total less than 8 % of the HBGV.  
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of fluralaner in sheep  in 
accordance with the GAP specified above, and complying with the established MRLs, is 
unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised use.   
3.4.5 Relevant International MRLs  for fluralaner  
Authority  Food                                                                         Maximum Residue Level 
(mg/kg)  
Australia  Sheep fat  
Sheep kidney  
Sheep liver  
Sheep meat  0.35 
0.1 
0.15 
0.4  
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  13 3.5 Proposal to set  an entry for 1-a minocyclopropane -carboxylic acid (ACC) in  
Schedule 2 
It is proposed that  1-aminocyclopropane- carboxylic acid (ACC)  is added to Schedule 2 of the 
Notice to identify it as an agricultural chemical  to which no MRL applies, when used as a 
plant growth regulator . 1-A minocyclopropane- carboxylic acid (ACC) is naturally occurring in 
plants and is a biochemical intermediate in the production of ethylene, a plant hormone 
involved in many plant processes such as fruit ripening. ACC is found throughout the 
environment and is naturally present in many foods. In addition, no toxicological concerns 
have been identified. The condition of exemption will reflect the use of the compound as a 
plant growth regulator.  
The proposed new entry in Schedule 2 will read as follows:  
Substance CAS#  Condition  
1-aminocyclopropane -carboxylic 
acid (ACC)  n/a When used as a plant growth regulator  
3.6 Proposal to set  an entry for Flg22 -Bt peptide  in Schedule 2 
It is proposed that  Flg22- Bt peptide is added to Schedule 2 of the N otice to identify it as an 
agricultural chemical  to which no MRL applies.  Flg22- Bt peptide is identical to a naturally 
occurring sequence from the flagellum of the ubiquitous bac terium Bacillus thuringiensis .  
When applied to plants as an agricultural chemical, the introduced Flg22- BT peptide is 
rapidly degraded by plants and leaves no detectable residues. Due to its rapid digestibility, and lack of toxicity and allergenicity, dietary exposure is not anticipated to pose any human 
health hazards . As such, the use of Flg22 -Bt peptide as an agricultural chemical is not 
expected to pose risks to either food safety or trade.  
The proposed new entry in Schedule 2 will read as follows:   
Substance CAS#  Condition  
Flg22 -Bt peptide  n/a When used as an agricultural chemical  
 
   
14 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3.7 Proposal to set  an entry for adrenaline  acid tartrate in Schedule 3   
It is proposed that  adrenaline acid tartrate is added to Schedule 3 of the Notice to identify it 
as a veterinary medicine to which no MRL applies.  Adrenaline is used as a vasoconstrictor to 
limit bleeding after disbudding in calves, tail docking in lambs, and castration in both calves 
and lambs. The compound is applied topically after these procedures at dose rates of 0.03 
mg/kg or less, and the small amount of adrenaline that may be absorbed is rapidly eliminated to become indistinguishable from endogenous levels. As such, the use of adrenaline as a 
veterinary m edicine applied after disbudding, tail docking, and castration is not expected to 
pose risks to either food safety or trade. The condition of exemption will reflect the specific 
use of this compound as a topical treatment following these procedures.  
The proposed new entry in Schedule 3 will read as follows:  
Substance CAS#  Condition  
Adrenaline  acid tartrate  51-42-3 When used topically  in calves following disbudding, 
in lambs following tail docking, and in calves and 
lambs following castration  
3.8 Proposal to amend the  entry for o xalic acid  in Schedule 3 
It is proposed that  the existing entry for oxalic acid in Schedule 3 of the N otice is expanded to 
include oxalic acid dihydrate, when used as an agricultural compound for the control of 
Varroa mite ( Varroa destructor ) in beehives.  
Oxalic acid has two forms, anhydrous and dihydrate. The current listing only encompasses the anhydrous form. As the dihydrate form of oxalic acid is commonly used in beehives, it is 
proposed to add oxalic acid dihydrate into the listing to ensure transparency for users. The condition of exemption will be unchanged.   
The proposed new entry in Schedule 3 will read as follows:  
Substance CAS#  Condition  
Oxalic acid  and oxalic acid 
dihydrate  144-62-7 and  
6153 -56-6 When used as an agricultural compound for the control of Varroa  mite ( Varroa destructor ) in beehives.