WT/TPR/M/436  
13 April 2023 
(23-2569) Page: 1/55 
Trade Policy Review Body   
8 and 10 February 2023  
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
MALAYSIA  
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Didier Chambovey  (Switzerland)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MALAYSIA  ................................ ... 4 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  9 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  12 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MALAYSIA  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  ...... 49 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  54 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Malaysia  are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 436/Add.1  and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTOR Y REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The eighth Trade Policy Review of Malaysia was held on 8 and 10  February  2023. Due to the 
absence of the TPRB Chairperson, H.E.  Mr Ángel Villalobos  Rodríguez (Mexico), the Chair of the 
General  Council, H.E.  Mr Didier  Chambovey (Switzerland), chaired the meeting in accordance with 
the Rules of Procedures of the TPRB. He welcomed the delegation of Malaysia, headed by 
H.E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of Ministry of International Trade and Industry of 
Malaysia; the rest of the delegation; and the discussant, H.E.  Mr Alparslan  Acarsoy (Türkiye).  
1.2.  The Chairperson took the opportunity to convey, on behalf of WTO Members, the most sincere 
and heartfelt condolences to H.E.  Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy and the people of Türkiye on the 
tragic earthquake that devastated south -eastern part the country.  
1.3.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Int erprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership.  
1.4.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The Report by Malaysia  is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 436, and that of the  WTO 
Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 436. 
1.5.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: Chile; 
Canada; Singapore; Hong  Kong,  China; Thailand; United  Kingdom; Japan; New  Zealand; 
Saudi  Arabia; China; European  Union; Philippines; Brunei  Darussalam; Republic of Korea; 
Dominican  Republic; and Colombia . The following delegations submitted written questions after the 
deadline: Brazil, Türkiye, Australia, India, Pakistan, Iceland, United  States, Chinese  Taipei, 
Kazakhstan, El Salvador, Argentina, and Indonesia.  
1.6.  The Chairperson first recalled some elements of Malaysia's previous Review and developments 
since then, as well as  identified  some key issues arising from the advance written questions 
submitted by Members for this TP R.  
1.7.  During the previous TPRB meeting on 14 and 16  February  2018, Members commended 
Malaysia inter alia for its strong and steady economic growth, prudent macroeconomic management 
and diversified nature of the economy that allowed for strong and inclusive g rowth, domestic reform, 
services sector liberalization, and enhanced private sector participation, as well as its growing role 
as an investment destination and as a foreign investor.  
1.8.  Malaysia was commended for its active participation in the WTO, including  in several joint 
initiatives, as well as for its ratification of the Protocol Amending the TRIPS  Agreement , and the 
Trade Facilitation Agreement. At that time, Members were of the view that Malaysia's notifications 
record could be improved in many areas. It was noted that while Malaysia remained committed to 
the multilateral trading system, it was also expanding its RTA commitments.  
1.9.  Although Malaysia had lowered tariffs under the ITA -2, applied MFN tariffs had risen overall 
from 5.6% in 2013 to 7.5% in 20 17 and the tariff regime was perceived as being complex with tariff 
peaks and unbound tariff lines. Members had noted that non -tariff measures should be reviewed 
and reduced, and there were some concerns about increased resort to anti -dumping measures, and  
the valuation system for imported automobiles. The reduction of fuel subsidies and subsidies to the 
fishery sector were welcomed.  
1.10.   Several Members found Malaysia's application of SPS requirements and other standards to be 
excessively stringent and sought c larity about halal certification and related procedures. The public 
procurement market could be made more open and transparent to foreign suppliers, and Malaysia 
was encouraged to consider joining the GPA. Efforts to review IPR legislation and improve 
enforcement were appreciated.  
1.11.   For this review, in their advance written questions, Members have sought information 
regarding targeted macro and microeconomic policies, tax reforms, monetary policy issues, 
initiatives for increasing employment, labour and migrant workers policy issues, women part icipation 
in the economy and their empowerment, the formulation of a New Investment Policy, and current 
investment incentives, including enhanced incentives in targeted sectors.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  1.12.   Some Members expressed an interest in Malaysia's participation in JSIs, the i mpact of 
Malaysia's involvement in various RTAs, and sought a timetable for the delivery of outstanding 
notifications to the WTO.  
1.13.   Issues raised with respect to the import and export regimes include trade facilitation 
measures, valuation practices, applied  vs. bound tariffs, the TRQ regime, taxation of alcoholic 
beverages and automobiles, non -tariff measures affecting specific products, export taxes and export 
support. The elaboration of domestic standards and alignment with international standards is a 
matter of continued interest, and so is the application of certain SPS requirements and policies 
towards halal products. In government procurement, Members searched for information regarding 
how the present system works and how opportunities for foreign suppl iers may be enhanced. 
Changes in IPR legislation and Malaysia's efforts to step up its IP enforcement also draw the interest 
of many Members.  
1.14.   In addition, there were queries about policies related to fisheries, support to agriculture, 
implementation of the  National Mineral Industry Transformation Plan, the impact of the 4th Industrial 
Revolution in manufacturing, the application of "best interest of Malaysia" criteria for foreign 
providers of financial services, and policies in the telecommunications sector .  
1.15.   In total, Malaysia received about 342  advance written questions from 28 delegations for this 
review, out of which some 155  questions from 1 6 delegations were sent within the established 
deadline. Prior to th e meeting, Malaysia had already provided writt en replies to all questions 
submitted within the established deadline.  
1.16.   The meeting w as a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of interest 
to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. Malaysia also felt the 
dramatic impact of the COVID -19 pandemic, followed by an economic recovery gaining momentum. 
The Chairperson trusted that Malaysia is in a position to confirm during the two -day meeting  that 
the picture is steadily improving. The Chairperson looked forward to a fruitful exchange.  
1.17.   The Chairperson closed his introductory remarks by wishing Malaysia a very successful 
eighth  Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MALAYSIA  (H.E.  MR DATUK 
ISHAM  ISHAK)  
Introduction  
2.1.  I am pleased to be here in Geneva to participate in Malaysia's eighth Trade Policy Review. Allow 
me to first express my appreciation to H.E. Mr Alparslan  Acarsoy  of Türkiye, the discussant for 
Malaysia's TPR, and the Secretariat for their excellent work in  producing the Report on Malaysia.  
2.2.  We are honoured by the interest that Members have shown in Malaysia's policies. We have 
received a total of 315  questions from 27 WTO  Members, with 16  Members submitting by the 
deadline for advance written question, on 4  January  2023. I am pleased to inform you that Malaysia 
has provided replies to all the advanced written questions. We are still working on the replies for 
questions that were submitted after the deadline and will submit them in due course af ter this 
TPR session.  
2.3.  The questions received from Members cover a number of areas, mainly on trade openness, 
intellectual property rights, food security, financial services, sustainable development, e -commerce, 
SMEs development, free trade agreements, as well as standards.  
2.4.  Before addressing some of the key issues raised by Members, please allow me to share with 
you an overview of Malaysia's economic developments since our last TPR exercise in 2018.  
Malaysia and the multilateral trading system  
2.5.  It is with out a doubt that Malaysia has benefited from its membership in the GATT and later 
the WTO. Our active participation in the multilateral trading system has contributed towards the 
growth and development of Malaysia into a major developing trading nation.  
2.6.  As such, Malaysia continues to uphold an open, fair, transparent and rules -based multilateral 
trading system with the WTO at its core, and support the efforts to strengthen the WTO through 
reforms and moderni zation. This is evident in the number of advance d written questions received 
by Malaysia for the eighth  TPR which is fewer than our last exercise. It is a clear indication that 
Members are well aware of Malaysia's continuous efforts to maintain an open and transparent trading 
environment that conforms t o the WTO rules and practices.  
2.7.  Malaysia has also been a strong advocate of the special and differential treatment (S&D) in 
creating a more level playing field for WTO Members from different levels of development. At the 
recently concluded Twelfth Minister ial Conference, Malaysia has co -sponsored the waiver of certain 
provisions in the TRIP S Agreement aimed at ensuring an equitable access to vaccines and 
therapeutics for the developing countries and LDCs.  
2.8.  While Malaysia continues to place high priority on t he multilateral trading system, Malaysia also 
progressively liberali zes trade and non -tariff barriers through participation in numerous bilateral and 
regional trading arrangements. To date, Malaysia has implemented a total of 16  FTAs which 
comprises 7  bilateral FTAs and 9  regional FTAs.  
2.9.  Despite Malaysia's involvement in these bilateral and regional trading agreements, Malaysia 
considers its active engagement in FTAs as building blocks for wider multilateral trade liberali zation. 
We also ensure that all our trade arrangements respect the principles and rules of the WTO.  
Overall economic environment during the review period  
2.10.   The period of 2018 until 2022 was a challenging time for the global economy. Global 
merchandise trade declined in 2019 (by 0.1%) and 2020 (by 5.3%) due to rising trade tensions and 
the COVID -19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the Malaysian business community remained resilient 
despite the global uncertainties during the review period.  
2.11.   During the period of 2018 -2021, the Malaysian economy recorded a n average GDP growth 
of 1.6%. While net foreign direct investment (FDI) grew by 4.5% per annum during the same period. 
The economy is expected to expand further by 5.3 %-6.3% in 2022, with growth to be underpinned 
by stronger external demand as the global e conomy recovers, as well as improved domestic demand.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  2.12.   Trade activities remained intact during the pandemic period, as Malaysia recorded double -digit 
growth in trade balance for five consecutive years from 2018 until 2021. In 2022, Malaysia's trade 
continue d to register another record -breaking achievement with total trade and trade surplus soaring 
to a new high. This is a positive reflection that Malaysia's economy is on an upward trajectory, 
boosted by higher external demand and strong commodity prices.  
Economic development plans  
2.13.   The period under review coincides with Malaysia's implementation of two economic 
development plans namely the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (2016 -2020) and the Twelfth Malaysia Plan 
(2021 -2025).  
2.14.   The Eleventh Plan was the final leg in the j ourney towards reali zing Malaysia's Vision  2020. 
During the Eleventh Plan, real GDP was targeted to expand between 5% to 6% per annum and the 
gross national income (GNI) per capita was expected to exceed the USD  15,000 threshold.  
2.15.   However, the Malaysian eco nomy registered an average annual growth rate of 2.7% over the 
Eleventh Plan period as it was significantly weighed down by the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic.  
2.16.   Realizing the needs to promote sustainable economic recovery, the Government introduced 
the Tw elfth Malaysia Plan in 2021. With a targeted average real GDP growth of 4.5 %-5.5% 
per annum. The Plan is anchored on three key themes focusing on resetting the economy, 
strengthening security, improving wellbeing and inclusivity, as well as advancing the s ustainability 
agenda.  
Digital economy  
2.17.   The pandemic has accelerated digital transformation as businesses turn to technology to help 
them meet the challenges posed by the pandemic. In 2020, Malaysia's digital economy contributed 
22.6% of the country's GDP, registering a double -digit growth of 10 .4% compared to the 7.3% in 
the previous year.  
2.18.   The Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint was introduced in February  2021 to transform 
Malaysia into a digitally -driven and high -income nation and ultimately become a regional leader in 
digital economy. The Blue print specifies Six Strategic Thrusts, namely to drive digital transformation 
in the public sector, boost economic competitiveness through digitali zation, develop digital 
infrastructure, build a digitally -skilled workforce, create an inclusive digital soci ety and establish a 
secure and ethical digital environment . 
2.19.   In line with the Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint, a targeted programme to further enable 
digital infrastructure known as the National Digital Network Plan ( Jalinan Digital Negara  – JENDELA) 
was established in collaboration with industry players to increase broadband connectivity throughout 
the nation.  
2.20.   Malaysia Digital that was launched in 2022, is a national strategic initiative by the Government 
to encourage and attract companies, talent and i nvestment while enabling Malaysian businesses and 
the people to play a leading part in the global digital economy. The Malaysia Digital initiative is set 
to succeed the MSC Malaysia, which was established to transform Malaysia into a knowledge -based 
econom y since mid -1990s.  
2.21.   The National Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Policy launched in 2021 also complements the 
Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint in driving the growth of digital economy. Th is policy outlines key 
focus areas which impact the people, busi ness, and government, in order to seize growth 
opportunities and to address potential risks arising from 4IR.  
2.22.   Malaysia is also committed in international platforms discussing established standard policies 
for digital economy elements. Malaysia is an activ e participant in the ongoing WTO Joint Statement 
Initiative (JSI) on e -commerce, in efforts to develop a base multilateral rule for digital economy, 
that would help establish policy benchmark for issues such as cybersecurity, data flow and digital 
trade.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  Strengthening infrastructure and connectivity  
2.23.   Transport infrastructure is a key driver to economic and social development with its function 
to improve mobility of people and goods. As such, the Government has placed strong emphasis on 
the development of tr ansport infrastructure, namely urban and intercity rail, road, airport , and ports 
to serve the need of the people and the industries.  
2.24.   The development of the National Transport Policy 2019 -2030 and the Highway Network 
Development Plan 2030 aims to streamli ne the fragmented transport initiatives among federal and 
state governments, to ensure effective and efficient use of resources to provide seamless movement 
of people and goods, thus contributing to economic expansion and prosperity.  
2.25.   Under the Twelfth Plan, Malaysia aims to become a regional transport and logistics hub 
by 2025 through various initiatives to enhance the competitiveness of the transport and logistics 
sectors. These initiatives include enhancing efficiency and leveraging on digital ization in transport 
and logistic services, at the same time contributing towards improving logistics and cargo -handling 
processes, increasing cargo volume and trade.  
Initiatives to facilitate trade  
2.26.   Malaysia has implemented a number of initiatives to reduc e irrelevant regulatory burdens and 
improve border competitiveness with the aim to facilitate trade.  
2.27.   During the period under review, Malaysia has fully implemented its commitments under 
the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). Malaysia has notified the  full commitments of 
Article  7.8 on Expedited Shipment and Article  11.9 on Advance Filing and Processing of Transit on 
1 June 2021, ahead of initial notification deadline of 22  February  2022.  
2.28.   In addition, the Unified Public Consultation (UPC) portal also serves as a platform to facilitate 
stakeholder engagements as part of an informed decision -making and good regulatory governance. 
It provides an opportunity to traders and other interested parties to comment on new legislation or 
amendments to existin g ones that impact trade before entry into force which is in line with Article  2 
(Opportunity to Comment, Information Before Entry into Force, and Consultations) of the TFA.  
Reforms in labour sector  
2.29.   As a country with substantial reliance on foreign workers  in labour -intensive sectors, Malaysia 
has also undertaken various initiatives to enhance the working environment by strengthening the 
workers' rights as well as addressing and eradicating forced labour issues in the country.  
2.30.   At the domestic level, Malaysi a has amended multiple labour legislations and policies to 
protect the rights of the workers in order to comply with the ILO's minimum requirement of the 
international standards and practices. These amendments are also part of the Government's efforts 
in combatting labour misconduct.  
2.31.   Among the legislation which have been amended are the Employment Act  1955 which came 
into effect on 1  September  2022. The main amendments of the Act include the additional provisions 
on discrimination and the expansion of the Act to cover all workers irrespective of wages. In addition 
to that, the amendment provides specific clause on forced labour that protect workers against forced 
labour while focusing on the empowerment of workers and employers.  
2.32.   In 2022, Malaysia became the  second country in ASEAN to ratify the ILO Protocol of 2014 to 
the Forced Labour Convention. The ratification has also made Malaysia the member of Alliance  8.7, 
as a pathfinder country that could accelerate efforts towards achieving the 2030 SDG's Target  8.7 
on eradicating forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking, and secure the prohibition 
and elimination of the worst forms of child labour.  
2.33.   To better address the issue of forced labour, Malaysia has formulated the National Action Plan 
on For ced Labour (NAPFL) 2021 -2025 with the technical assistance from the ILO. The Task Force on 
Compliance on Labour Laws and Policy has been developed in order to implement the NAPFL and to 
ensure that the industries are practicing the requisite standards unde r the existing national 
legislations and policies.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  2.34.   Of significance, we wish to register our appreciation to the US for the lifting of the Withhold 
Release Order (WRO) on the largest producers of palm oil and rubber gloves in Malaysia, following 
an extensi ve review of their practices. We hope other WTO Members recogni ze and support 
Malaysia's strong commitment to reform and improve labour rights standards and practices.  
2.35.   We welcome the U .S. Department of Labor's announcement on the project for wage protecti on 
for women and men migrant workers in Malaysia. The initiative will run until 2026, focusing on the 
plantation, manufacturing , and electronics sectors. This initiative will be adopted in parallel to the 
NAPFL.  
Sectoral policies (manufacturing, agricultur al and services)  
2.36.   In 2018, Malaysia put in place the National Policy on Industry  4.0 (Industry4WRD) which 
provides a concerted and comprehensive transformation agenda for the manufacturing sector and 
its related services. The policy is intended to transform  and moderni ze Malaysia's manufacturing 
sector.  
2.37.   The fourth version of National Automotive Policy (NAP  2020) was launched in 2020 with the 
aim to transform Malaysia's automotive industry, through three pillars namely Next Generation 
Vehicles, Mobility as a Service (MaaS), and IR4.0.  
2.38.   Under the Twelfth Malaysia Plan, Malaysia aims to energi ze the manufacturi ng sector in order 
to sustain Malaysia's resilience and long -term competitiveness, and contribute to leading -edge, 
high-paying job opportunities for Malaysians.  
2.39.   The New Investment Aspirations (NIA) was launched in 2022 to serve as a basis for a 
comprehensi ve reform of Malaysia's investment policies. The new investment policy based on NIA 
will intensify high technology and innovation which balances economic and environmental 
sustainability, consistent with global benchmarks in environmental, social and gover nance (ESG).  
2.40.   The New Industrial Master Plan 2030 (New IMP 2030) has been developed to succeed the 
Third Industrial Master Plan (2005 to 2020). The New IMP 2030 is expected to be launched in the 
first quarter of 2023 and will set a strategic direction for industrial development that incorporates 
social inclusivity and environmental sustainability.  
2.41.   In the agriculture sector, the implementation of the National Agrofood Policy from 2011 
until 2020 has increased the value -added of agri-food sector from MYR 35 billion to M YR 51 billion. 
As a continuation, the National Agrofood Policy 2021 -2030 has been formulated with the aim of 
transforming the agri-food sector into a sustainable, resilient and technology -driven industry.  
2.42.   The services sector continues to be the biggest sector in Malaysia's economy, contributing 
more than 57% to total GDP in 2021. Under the Twelfth Plan, the services sector is targeted to grow 
at 5.2% per  annum, contributing 58.3% to GDP by 2025. Concerted efforts will be undertaken to 
ensure high er adoption of technology to enhance efficiency and productivity within the services 
sector in line with the Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint and the National 4IR Policy.  
Intellectual property rights  
2.43.   Within the period of 2018 to 2022, four intellectual property (IP) legislations were updated 
namely the introduction of the new Trademarks Act  2019 and Geographical Indications Act  2022 
together with amendments to the Patents Act  1983 and the Copyright Act  1987.  
2.44.   With regards to IP -related international trea ty, Malaysia deposited the instrument of accession 
of the Budapest Treaty and the Marrakesh Treaty on 31  March  2022 and these treaties entered into 
force in Malaysia on 30  June 2022.  
Efforts to promote environmental sustainability  
2.45.   Malaysia has set a long -term direction to address the issue of climate change and achieve 
sustainable growth. We have updated our pledge to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions 
through "Nationally Determined Contribution" (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. This is expected to WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  reduce the intensity of GHG emissions across the economy by 45% (based on GDP) in 2030 
compared to its level of 2005.  
2.46.   The Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) Certification Scheme was made mandatory from 
1 January  2020 to ensure the country's palm oil indu stry produces Certified Sustainable Palm Oil 
(CSPO). This has further enhanced the Malaysian palm oil industry's efforts towards becoming more 
sustainable throughout the supply chain.  
2.47.   In 2021, the Government launched the Malaysia Plastics Sustainability Ro admap 2021 -2030. 
The roadmap aims to transform the whole plastic value chain through having more sustainable 
practices and adopting circular economy principles throughout plastic lifecycle.  
2.48.   The National Mineral and Industry Transformation Plan 2021 -2030 is a 10 -year framework 
which provides inclusive planning to develop the mineral industry comprehensively and in an 
integrated manner at every level of the value chain.  
Conclusion  
2.49.   In summation, Malaysia remains steadfast in developing a resilient supply chain fram ework 
for its various sectors, taking into account lessons learnt during the pandemic. Malaysia is working 
with ASEAN and APEC economies to strengthen supply chain resilience by facilitating effective 
cross-border movement and international cooperation.  
2.50.   On a final note, as one of the founding WTO Members, Malaysia reaffirms our commitments 
to uphold the multilateral trading system. We will continue to constructively contribute on all fronts 
in order to facilitate the WTO's ability to address the current gl obal issues and challenges.  
2.51.   As we have already provided responses to the Members' advanced written questions received 
by the deadline of 4  January  2023 and many of the questions raised by others in their late 
submissions after the deadline also touch on s imilar topics, we look forward to hearing constructive 
feedback from Members.  
  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  I would like to start by thanking Ambassador  Chambovey, Secretary -General Ishak , and 
Members of the WTO for extending heartfelt condolences to me a nd my country. At times of 
devastation like this, it makes you stronger to feel the support of friends and know that they are 
there for you. I would also like to thank our friends and neighbours who sent their search and rescue 
teams immediately after the earthquakes to help Türkiye.  
3.2.  Returning to my statement, let me first warmly welcome the Malaysian delegation, led by 
H.E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of 
Malaysia  (MITI) . 
3.3.  I think the composition of the delegation, which includes officials not only from MITI, but also 
from seven different ministries and government agencies, is a clear demonstration of the impo rtance 
that Malaysia attaches to this exercise, to the WTO and to the multilateral trading system.  For me, 
it is an honour and pleasure to serve as the discussant in this eighth  Trade Policy Review of Malaysia.  
3.4.  Before going into substance, I have to admit that my job as the discussant was relatively easy 
as I found two excellent Reports already prepared by the Secretariat and Government of Malaysia. 
So, I would be remiss if I do not thank you for the preparation of these comprehensive Reports. It 
is not an easy work and I know it very well, mainly due to the upcoming Trade Policy Review of 
Türkiye.  
3.5.  When we look at the history of Malaysia since its independence, what we see is a successful 
diversification story of an economy. It went through a deep transforma tion process, from an 
agriculture and commodity -based economy to a robust manufacturing and service powerhouse in 
the region and this has helped Malaysia to become a leading exporter of electrical appliances, parts 
and components.  
3.6.  Let me first share some i nformation and observations on the economic overview of Malaysia 
which are very relevant to its trade outlook.  
3.7.  Malaysia is an upper middle -income country with a GDP per  capita of more than USD  11,000 
in 2021 and a population of almost 33  million in 2022.  
3.8.  Between 2017 and 2019, the Malaysian economy recorded an average GDP growth rate of 
above  4%. However, this growth trend was curtailed by the onset of COVID -19 pandemic which led 
to a contraction in the GDP in 2020. But the growth resumed again in 2021. An d in 2022, as a result 
of the reopening of the economy, it is reported that the country's GDP growth is likely to exceed 
earlier projections of between 6.5 % and 7%.  
3.9.  During the pandemic, Malaysia reacted swiftly and boldly to avoid large economic damage. 
Sizeable fiscal stimulus packages have been introduced and monetary policy has been eased. Like 
in many countries, the pandemic hit hard the most vulnerable in the labour market, notably women 
and young people. In this regard, the Twelfth Malaysia Plan 2021 -2025, which was introduced with 
the objective of a "Prosperous, Inclusive, Sustainable Malaysia", incorporates specific chapters for 
women's empowerment in particular and inclusivity in general. This step is a clear sign of the political 
will for further i nclusivity in the country.  
3.10.   The Malaysia Twelfth Plan which was announced in 2021, is based on three broad key themes:  
resetting the economy, strengthening security, wellbeing, and inclusivity, and advancing 
sustainability.  
3.11.   The services sector continued to  be the biggest sector in the economy, contributing more 
than 57% to total GDP in 2021. The services sector is driven by the traditional services subsector 
while the modern services subsector has also expanded. In addition, e -commerce activities have 
also contributed to growth as more Malaysians turned to online platforms to purchase goods and 
services.  
3.12.   Tourism plays an important role in the economy. Malaysia remained a net exporter of travel 
services. In 2019, travel services  generated MYR 82 billion which is equivalent to 48.3% of total WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  services exports. The number of tourist arrivals was 26 million in 2019. Global and national 
restrictions put in place during the pandemic resulted in  a sharp drop in international visitors, 
declining to 4.3  million in 2020 and 134,000 in 2021 before bouncing back to around 3  million 
in 2022.  
3.13.   Malaysian Government aims to be a hub for halal food products and a gateway for Islamic 
finance and adopted various policy tools and regulations in these areas.  
3.14.   During the review period, labour market developments took place in several areas. The 
minimum wage was standardized in 2018 across the country, followed by an increase in 2020. On 
1 May 2022, a minimum wage of MYR 1,500 has been introduced for some  categories of employers 
and from 1  July 2023, the minimum wage of MYR 1,500 will be implemented across the country.  
3.15.   The manufacturing sector accounted for 24% of GDP in 2021 and during the review period, it 
remained the biggest contributor to exports. The  sector was heavily impacted by the pandemic 
in 2020, and contracted by 2.6%. As the restrictions were eased and manufacturing activities 
resumed in 2021, the sector's performance improved significantly with a growth of 14.9%. National 
Policy on Industry  4.0 launched in 2018 aims to transform the sector by an advanced digitization, 
advanced manufacturing technologies, and efficient resource allocation to infuse higher value -added 
manufacturing processes.  
3.16.   Agriculture and mining and quarrying are other import ant sectors for GDP, employment , and 
exports of the country.  
3.17.   With regards to sustainability, climate change and deforestation, Malaysia has introduced 
various policies and initiatives, such as changes in the palm oil industry regulations, action plan to 
transform the whole plastic value chain, national mineral industry transformation plan and legislation 
in the forestry.  
3.18.   According to the World  Bank, Malaysia is one of the most open economies in the world with a 
trade to GDP ratio over 130%  since 2010. Its o penness to the world and to trade and investment 
has been instrumental in job creation and income growth, with about 40% of jobs in Malaysia linked 
to export activities.  
3.19.   Malaysia is considered a good market for doing business and was ranked 12th globally on the 
World  Bank's Ease of Doing Business 2021 Report. Of course, naturally, there will always be room 
for improvement in the global business environment.  
3.20.   Secondly, I would like to touch upon some developments in trade policies of Malaysia during  
the review period.  
3.21.   Malaysia is an active Member of the WTO and makes important contribution to the work of 
the Organization. Malaysia has joined the Joint Statement Initiatives on electronic commerce, 
investment facilitation for development and MSMEs.  
3.22.   During the period under review (2017 -2022), Malaysia's trade policies were based on the 
priorities outlined in the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (2016 -2020) and the Twelfth Malaysia Plan 
(2021 -2025). These priorities include accelerating technology adoption and inno vation, enhancing 
connectivity and transport infrastructure, and improving the standard of living to achieve a balanced 
and sustainable growth.  
3.23.   During the review period, Malaysia introduced various initiatives related to trade, such as 
review of non -tariff measures, revision of regulatory rules, conduct of productivity improvement 
programs, improvement of business ecosystem, support to SMEs, investment promotion and 
environmental sustainability measures. Malaysia has fully implemented its TFA commitments fr om 
February  2017 to June  2021.  
3.24.   Around 99% of Malaysia's tariff lines carry ad valorem  rates. 74.3% of all tariff lines face 
ad valorem  rates of 10% or less and the simple average ad valorem  bound tariff is 15.6%. Malaysia's 
applied rates, excluding ad valorem equivalents decreased slightly from 2017 to 2022, mainly due 
to expansion of the Information Technology Agreement (ITA). Around 57% of the tariff lines are WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  duty-free on an MFN basis. Almost all applied MFN rates are lower than their bound rates. The li ve 
swine and poultry, poultry meat, liquid milk and cream, eggs and round cabbage are subject to 
TRQs.  
3.25.   Malaysia provided notifications on many subjects covered by the WTO rules during the review 
period although improvement of their coverage and timeliness can be considered by the authorities.  
3.26.   Malaysia had a total of 25  anti-dumping measures in force in June  2022, mainly covering iron 
and steel products.  
3.27.   During the review period, Malaysia's merchandise trade with economies in its region covered 
more than 70% of its total trade. As of 2021, 25.9% of total merchandise trade was conducted with 
trading partners from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Malaysia's main 
individual trading partners remained China, Singapore, the European  Union , and the United  States.  
3.28.   In addition to wide -ranging regional integration efforts under ASEAN, Malaysia has a good 
record in terms of free trade agreements. Malaysia has concluded seven bilateral FTAs with Australia, 
Chile, India, Japan, Pakistan, New  Zealand, and Türkiye; and regional FTAs such as ASEAN Free 
Trade Area (AFTA) ; Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Trans -Pacific Partnership 
(CPTPP ); Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) ; as well as ASEAN's 
FTAs with China, A ustralia , and New  Zealand, India, Japan, Republic of Korea and Hong  Kong,  China. 
More recently, Malaysia has also taken the position to participate in all pillars of Indo -Pacific 
Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF).  
3.29.   Lastly, let me briefly share with y ou the summary of topics raised in Members questions.  
3.30.   Malaysia received more than 300  questions and I believe that this number reflects interest 
among the Membership in its economic and trade policies.  
3.31.   As Secretary -General Ishak mentioned, these questions  were generally related to specific 
economic, monetary and fiscal policies during the pandemic, labour policies, empowerment of 
women and MSMEs, regional trade agreements, participation in JSIs, outstanding notifications, 
investment framework, custom proce dures and valuation, TRQ regime, import tariffs, restrictions, 
licensing and taxation of some products, export support, export taxes, SPS measures, standards 
and technical regulations, competition policy, government -linked companies, government 
procurement , IP rights, manufacturing, agriculture , and services sectors.  
3.32.   Some Members also sought clarification on supply chain resilience, youth empowerment, tax 
reform, anti -dumping measures, export restrictions, transportation, fisheries and energy sectors.  
3.33.   In conclusion, I would like to congratulate and thank Malaysia for its contributions to the WTO 
and wish them a very successful Trade Policy Review . Looking forward to a fruitful meeting today.  
  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
CHILE  
4.1.  Chile welcomes the delegation of  Malaysia, led by H.E.  Datuk Isham Ishak, Secretary General 
of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and congratulates this country for the work done 
since the previous Review, as well as the good performance of its international trade during t his 
period.  
4.2.  We also wish to welcome H.E.  Ambassador Syahril Syazli Ghazali and the entire team from the 
Mission of Malaysia to the WTO. We recognize and appreciate the work undertaken both by Malaysia 
and by the Secretariat in preparing their respective Re ports, and we also wish to thank the 
discussant, Ambassador  Acarsoy of Türkiye, for his presentation. We avail ourselves of this 
opportunity to express our sympathy and solidarity for the tragic situation Türkiye is facing following 
the recent earthquakes.  
4.3.  Chile sees in Malaysia a natural partner through their shared interest in a multilateral system 
that enables international trade to continue playing an important role in the development of our 
countries.  
4.4.  Our international trade relations are framed by the  Free Trade Agreement signed in 2010 and 
in force since 2012, which has wide coverage in terms of goods, with rules of origin provisions, 
customs formalities, technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, trade defence, 
safeguards, coop eration, transparency, and settlement of disputes. It also includes an evolving 
clause for the negotiation of chapters relating to trade in services and investment.  
4.5.  Our relations are also framed, through Chile's ties with ASEAN, in our accession to the Tre aty 
of Amity and Cooperation with ASEAN in 2016, which was the culmination of decades of 
rapprochement with each of ASEAN's member countries and with the Association as a whole. Both 
also participate in APEC and more recently, in the CPTPP.  
4.6.  This cooperatio n also extends to the WTO, where, as indicated in the Secretariat Report, 
Malaysia is an active Member. Chile and Malaysia have a common vision within this framework, 
reflected in their participation in various plurilateral for a such as initiatives related  to e-commerce, 
small and medium -sized enterprises (SMEs) and investment facilitation for development, which we 
have the honour of co -facilitating with the Republic of Korea. I would like to highlight that Malaysia 
has been participating very proactively a nd constructively in these areas. Regarding agriculture 
negotiations, Chile and Malaysia are members of the Cairns Group, along with  17 other Members 
who together account for 27% of global agricultural exports.  
4.7.  Turning to the reports that have been submitt ed, we note that Malaysia continues to be 
an outward -looking economy that promotes investment and whose international trade performs 
well. We also highlight that, according to the Secretariat Report, its trade policy framework remained 
stable during the pe riod under review, which we consider essential for promoting a reliable and 
attractive climate.  
4.8.  Based on the Government Report, we observe with particular interest the initiatives and policies 
related to SMEs and entrepreneurship, including social entrepreneurship, environmental 
sustainability and empowerment of women and young people.  
4.9.  As a result, for this review we have prepared questions on the MalaysiaBiz portal, the initiative 
on social entrepreneurship, the enactment of regional agreements and  the decisions adopted by 
their administrative bodies into national legislation, and on the empowerment of women and young 
people. We wish to thank Malaysia for its replies.  
4.10.   We agree on the relevance of these topics for the multilateral trading system, and  we hope 
to intensify the joint work with the WTO on them. We consider that fora such as the Informal 
Dialogue on Plastics Pollution and Environmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade, the Trade and 
Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD) a nd the Informal Working Group on 
Trade and Gender could provide timely opportunities for achieving this.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.11.   We also appreciate the information provided in paragraph  6.4 of the Government Report on 
"Development of Halal Industry". We will continue to work at t he bilateral level to deepen cooperation 
between Chile and Malaysia in this field since, as you know, we are both countries with a significant 
agricultural food production focus. That is why we are especially interested in exploring 
differentiation mechani sms for our exports.  
4.12.   We trust that Malaysia, thanks to its stability and its commitment to keep its markets open, 
will continue to achieve the objectives set in its Twelfth  Malaysia Plan, aimed at bolstering security, 
well-being and inclusiveness, as well as promoting sustainability and through this, embark on the 
path of lasting economic recovery.  
4.13.   Finally, we wish the delegation of Malaysia every success in this Review.  
CANADA  
4.14.   On behalf of Canada, I would like to welcome the Malaysian delegation, led by Mr Datuk 
Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia, to this 
eighth  Trade Policy Review of Malaysia since the country joined the WTO in 1995. We also thank the 
Government of Malaysia and the Secretariat for the high -quality of the Reports submitted.  
4.15.   We would also like to extend our thanks to the discussant, my friend Ambassador  Acarsoy, 
and I join others in expressing my country's a nd my personal sorrow for the tragic events that 
passed in Türkiye yesterday.  
4.16.   I would like to congratulate Malaysia on its improved trade performance during the review 
period, despite challenges such as global market uncertainty caused by the C OVID -19 pand emic and 
Russia n Federation 's unprovoked and illegal invasion of Ukraine.  
4.17.   The April  2022 IMF Article  IV visit to Malaysia confirmed that Malaysia's economy is showing 
signs of a gradual but steady recovery, owing to the government's impressive vaccine roll out and 
the timely and coordinated implementation of multi -pronged support measures.  
4.18.   The OECD, in March  2022, also noted that prior to the pandemic, Malaysia undertook a series 
of vigorous reforms, ranging from regulatory framework improvement to economic digitalization, 
with the goal of increasing productivity. While the pandemic has inevitably slowed reform efforts in 
many countries, including Malaysia, improving the business climate has become even more critical. 
This will be essential in order to achiev e a strong recovery, accelerate digitalization, and implement 
a new working environment that combines productivity and sanitary precautions.  
4.19.   As set out in Reports for this TPR, Malaysia is continuing make positive progress via its Twelfth 
Malaysia Plan (20 21-2025) to reset its economy, strengthen economic security and inclusivity as 
well as advance sustainability. In line with this Plan, Canada is encouraged by the range of 
trade -specific initiatives that Malaysia is pursuing, including launching the Nation al Trade Blueprint 
to increase Malaysia's trade competitiveness and improve Malaysia's position as an exporting 
country. We also take note of Malaysia 's National Mineral Industry Transformation Plan 2021 -2030 
and hope it will facilitate investments from fo reign investors in various areas of the mineral supply 
chain.  
4.20.   With respect to our work at the WTO, we welcome Malaysia 's support for the Buenos  Aires 
Declaration on Trade and Women 's Economic Empowerment. Canada would also encourage Malaysia 
to join the W TO Agreement  on Government Procurement and the Joint Statement Initiative on 
Services Domestic Regulation, engage in the work of the Trade and Environmental Sustainability 
Structured Discussions (TESSD) and move forward with ratifying the Agreement on Fish eries 
Subsidies. Canada would also invite Malaysia to join the Multiparty Interim Appeal -Arbitration 
Arrangement. Canada takes note of Malaysia 's good record in notifications, but we would suggest 
additional effort is required in certain areas, such as for  agricultural market access, to bring 
notifications fully up to date.  
4.21.   Canada congratulates Malaysia on the entry into force of the Comprehensive and Progressive 
Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) on 29 November  2022. We are confident that the WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  addition of Malaysia as the ninth  party to the CPTPP will deepen economic integration, expand the 
Agreement's economic coverage, and increase the mutual benefits enjoyed by the parties.  
4.22.   We also look forward to exploring how  best to further deepen the Canada -Malaysia bilateral, 
trade and investment relationship as part of the continued partnership between Canada and ASEAN 
and the negotiations on a Canada -ASEAN Free Trade Agreement.  
4.23.   To conclude, I wish Malaysia a successful r eview and look forward to a constructive exchange 
of views on all aspects of Malaysia's trade policy.  
SINGAPORE  
4.24.   Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the delegation from Malaysia, led by 
Secretary -General Datuk  Isham  Ishak. We would also like to  express our appreciation to the Chair 
Ambassador Didier  Chambovey, the discussant Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy ( Türkiye ), as well as 
the Secretariat for their insightful Reports and statements. Let me also echo the heartfelt sympathy 
expressed earlier to Türkiye for the devastating losses in the earthquake . Our thoughts and prayers 
are with the people of Türkiye. Allow me to make three points.  
4.25.   First, Singapore and Malaysia are close neighbours with a long and shared history. Under 
British colonial rule, Si ngapore and Malaysia were part of the Straits Settlement and for almost two 
years, Singapore was part of the Federation of Malaysia until our independence on 9  August 1965. 
In addition to historical ties, our two peoples enjoy deep and long -standing kinshi p ties. In the words 
of Singapore 's founding Prime  Minister Mr  Lee Kuan Yew, it is "a people, connected by geography, 
economics and ties of kinship ". More recently, during the official visit by Malaysian Prime  Minister 
and Minister of Finance , Dato' Seri Anwar  Ibrahim , to Singapore, Singapore 's Prime  Minister Mr  Lee 
Hsien  Loong characteri zed it as a "relationship quite unlike any other ". In a similar vein, 
Prime Minister  Anwar described the relationship as  one of  "two great countries and two great 
neighbou rs". These strong historical, economic and people -to-people ties have underpinned bilateral 
relations and provided a strong foundation for cooperation. For example, throughout the C OVID -19 
pandemic, Singapore and Malaysia steadfastly supported each other a nd worked closely to maintain 
the flow of essential goods and services, and the safe movement of peoples across our borders, 
particularly, through the Johor -Singapore Causeway and the Tuas Second Link, which average 
300,000  crossings per  day. The completio n of the Johor  Bahru -Singapore Rapid Transit System 
(RTS) Link, which is expected to commence operations by end -2026, will further enhance 
connectivity, foster people -to-people ties and generate long -term and mutual economic and social 
benefits.  
4.26.   Second, w e look forward to deepening our economic relationship, and expanding cooperation 
in new and emerging areas. Emerging from the pandemic in 2022, Malaysia and Singapore continue 
to be each other 's second largest trading partner, with total bilateral trade am ounting to 
USD 116 billion. Singapore also continues  to be Malaysia 's top foreign investor, with stock 
investments of USD  41.7 billion in a wide range of sectors such as manufacturing, aerospace, 
electricals and electronics. Singapore was also Malaysia 's top investment destination, with 
USD 28.8 billion in stock investments in areas such as manufacturing, construction, wholesale , and 
retail trade.  
4.27.   Looking ahead, Singapore and Malaysia are committed to work together to reap the benefits 
of the fourth  Indust rial Revolution, by focus ing on new areas such as the digital economy, and the 
green economy and to address current challenges like supply chain disruptions and food insecurity. 
In this connection, during P rime Minister  Anwar 's recent official visit to Singapore, both sides signed 
two Framework Agreements and one MOU on digital economy, green economy, data protection, and 
cybersecurity. We will continue to identify more areas of cooperation, including opportunities in 
energy, c arbon credits and carbon capture storage.  
4.28.   Third, as founding Members of the WTO, we share a common interest in maintaining and 
strengthening the rules -based multilateral trading system. Both our countries are committed to 
improve our trade practices and d evelop stable bilateral trade flows. One important area is to ensure 
timely notifications of trade measures, such as export restrictions, prior to their implementation. At 
the regional level, Singapore and Malaysia are close partners in ASEAN, which has pl ayed a pivotal 
role in facilitating greater regional economic integration. As the Permanent Shepherd for the WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  High-Level Task Force on ASEAN Community 's Post -2025 Vision, Malaysia plays a key role in shaping 
the long -term direction of the ASEAN Economic Com munity, including addressing challenges such 
as supply chain resilience, digitali zation, and sustainability. Singapore welcomes Malaysia 's 
ratification of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Comprehensive 
and Progressive Agreemen t for Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) in 2022. This will further deepen 
regional economic integration and, as Malaysia aptly described in its Government Report, "serve as 
building blocks for wider multilateral trade liberalisation ". Finally, Singapore co mmends Malaysia for 
its active participation in the various Joint Statement Initiatives on (a)  e-commerce , (b) investment 
facilitation for development,  and (c)  micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). We also 
encourage Malaysia to consider acceding to the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), since 
it has taken on specific commitments on government procurement under the CPTPP, which are 
identical or surpassing those in the GPA. Additionally, we encourage Malaysia to join the Multi -Party 
Interim Appeal  Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA).  
4.29.   As Singapore 's second Prime  Minister Mr  Goh Chok Tong, had emphasized  in 1998, Singapore 
and Malaysia should work towards reali zing the full potential of bilateral relations, based on the 
principle of "prosper thy neighbour ".  
4.30.   In conclusion, my delegation looks forward  to continue working closely with the Permanent 
Mission of Malaysia in the WTO, ably led by Ambassador Syahril  Syazli  Ghazali and wish Malaysia 
every success for its eight TPR. 
HONG  KONG,  CHINA  
4.31.   I would like to start by extending a warm welcome to the delegation of Malaysia led by 
Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of its Ministry of International Trade and Industry. I would 
also like to thank the discussant Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy of Tü rkiye for his insightful remarks, 
and the Secretariat for preparing the comprehensive Report.  
4.32.   I would take the opportunity to join others in expressing my sincere condolences to the people 
of Türkiye for their losses in the natural disaster that happened earlier this week.  
4.33.   Hong Kong,  China (HKC) and Malaysia have long been enjoying harmonious bilateral trade 
and economic relations. In 2021, Malaysia was Hong  Kong, China' s 9th largest partner in 
merchandise trade and the 11th largest partner in ser vices trade. On the other hand, 
Hong Kong, China  was Malaysia 's 6th largest trading partner and the 4th largest export market.  
4.34.   Our bilateral trade in goods amounted to US D 26.5 billion in 2021, a 5% growth despite the 
global downturn brought by the COVID -19 pandemic. And with the easing of the pandemic situation, 
a further 12.4% growth was recorded in the first three quarters of 2022.  
4.35.   Meanwhile, the ASEAN -HKC Free Trade Agreement and the related Investment Agreement 
have entered into force in full since Fe bruary  2021. We look forward to further strengthening our 
economic ties with ASEAN, including Malaysia, by facilitating two -way flows of goods, services , and 
investment.  
4.36.   We have the following observations on Malaysia 's trade policy regime.  
4.37.   First, we are gl ad to note that Malaysia has fully implemented the Agreement on Trade 
Facilitation since June  2021 and fulfilled its transparency obligations. We are encouraged by 
Malaysia 's continued efforts to streamline its fully automated customs procedures through its 
National Single Window.   
4.38.   On tariff, we appreciate that almost all of Malaysia 's tariff lines carry ad valorem  rates and 
around 80% of them are bounded. The simple average applied tariff rate was reduced from 7.5% 
in 2017 to 7.1% in 2022. Howeve r, we note that Malaysia is still applying non -ad valorem  duties 
for 119 tariff lines of agricultural products and that there is apparently escalation in the tariff 
structure: the average tariff rates are 3.5% on raw materials, 6.3% on semi -processed produ cts 
and 8.7% on fully processed goods. We would encourage Malaysia to continue to enhance its tariff 
regime by converting the non -ad valorem rates to ad valorem ones and reducing its tariff escalation.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.39.   On agriculture, we notice that Malaysia has been provi ding various forms of support for the 
purposes of encouraging the use of technology and adopting sustainable practices. To facilitate 
Members ' review of such support measures, we would encourage Malaysia to provide its outstanding 
notifications to the Comm ittee on Agriculture as soon as possible.   
4.40.   On services, we are glad to see that, notwithstanding the impact brought about by the 
COVID -19 pandemic, the telecommunications, finance, and insurance services sectors in Malaysia 
continued to grow robustly. We w ould encourage Malaysia to consider further liberali zing its services 
trade regime for foreign investment, for instance, by removing or reducing foreign equity limitations 
in other services sectors such as tourism and maritime transport.  
4.41.   Malaysia has alway s been a valuable trade partner of Hong  Kong,  China, and our ties go far 
beyond just trade, we look forward to enhancing our bilateral ties and cooperation in all areas. 
Lastly, we thank Malaysia for their answers to our written questions and we are now st udying them 
internally. I wish Malaysia a fruitful and successful Trade Policy Review . 
THAILAND  
4.42.   Thailand would like to associate itself with the ASEAN statement to be delivered by 
Ambassador Dandy  Iswara of Indonesia.  
4.43.   We thank H .E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of Ministry of International Trade 
and Industry of Malaysia for his Report and Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy  from Türkiye for his sharp 
and thought -provoking assessment of Malaysia 's trade policies. I would also like to join others in 
expressing my heartfelt condolences to the people of Türkiye on the devastating earthquake. I would 
also like to thank the  Secretariat for the comprehensive Report.  
4.44.   I do not understand why Thailand was assigned to sit at the end of the table, while Thai land 
and Malaysia are so close. Given this, I could just simply say "Distance makes the heart grow fonder ". 
4.45.   Thailand and Malaysia have enjoyed long -lasting and cordial trade relations. Despite the fact 
that our official diplomatic relation has begun for 65  years, our fond relationship, in fact, went back 
in time for several hundreds of years. The two countries share long border and actively engage in 
the exchanges of goods, services, and people. In 2022, Malaysia is Thailand 's fourth  largest trade 
partner i n the world with the value of our bilateral trade of USD  27 billion, falling behind only the 
United  States, China, and Japan, which are the three largest economies in the world, while Malaysia 
is the 36th largest. Conversely, Thailand is Malaysia 's 7th largest trade partner globally and 3rd within 
ASEAN.  
4.46.   Despite all the above positive aspects, I could not help but observe that, in the past 24  years, 
Thailand registers trade deficit with Malaysia for 23  years. Crude oil and natural gas are two main 
imports f rom Malaysia to Thailand. More recently, however, electronic integrated circuits and 
computer and parts have gained more prominence. This is not a complaint from us. Rather, it is 
quite the opposite. We referred to the trade deficit because we would like t o praise Malaysia for its 
fast-growing high -tech industries. Another testimony to this success is the export value of electrical 
machinery and equipment, including integrated circuits of Malaysia that has surpassed 
USD 100 billion mark since 2021.  
4.47.   Thailand  and Malaysia have collaborated at many levels in numerous fora, including the WTO 
and we praise Malaysia for its active participation. At regional level, Thailand and Malaysia are 
founding members of ASEAN and APEC and are original parties of the Regional  Comprehensive 
Economic Partnership (RCEP). Both countries also work together in many bilateral fora where, most 
recently, both sides have agreed to achieve the bilateral trade target of USD  30 billion by 2025 and 
to expedite the completion of pending infr astructure projects for border areas and explore further 
collaboration in digital economy. Malaysian tourists also account for the highest share of foreign 
tourists entering Thailand in 2022.  
4.48.   Thailand commends Malaysia for implementing various policies to reform its economy and to 
drive digital transformation, technology upgrading, and automation of the manufacturing and related 
services sectors. Fintech industry is also another promising sector in Malaysia and we believe that it 
is one of the sectors where  Thailand and Malaysia can cooperate.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.49.   Setting all positive notes aside, we would like to mention some areas of our mutual trade that 
could be improved. That is, first and foremost, the border trade, where Malaysia has for a long time 
been our number one border trade partner, accounting for around 40% of the total value of 
Thailand 's border trade with all our neighbouring  countries. Despite many consultations, some 
problems remain concerning the infrastructure and customs procedures, including the require ments 
for obtaining international circulation permit. Another concern relates to the import licensing system 
for processed food and the monopoly of rice imports. As Malaysia is an important market for 
Thailand, we hope that Malaysia gives more attention to  these concerns.  
4.50.   In closing, Thailand is pleased to participate in the eighth TPR of Malaysia today. We would 
like to express our sincere thanks to Ambassador Syahril Syazli G hazali  as well as the Former 
Ambassador Rashidi  Said and his Geneva team for amic able and positive working environment 
between our two missions. We thank Malaysia for replying to our questions and we wish Malaysia 
every success in its eighth Trade Policy Review.  
UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.51.   Let me warmly welcome the delegation of Malaysia to Geneva  here today, led by our friend, 
Datuk  Isham  Ishak , Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.  
4.52.   Let me also thank the Government of Malaysia and the WTO Secretariat for their Reports. We 
are all grateful to the many -hatted Ambass ador C hambovey  for donning another by stepping in to 
act as Chair for this review.  
4.53.   May I thank our Discussant, Ambassador A carsoy  for his insightful comments and take the 
opportunity to extend to him, and to all our friends at the Turkish Mission, our sin cere condolences 
for the human tragedy unfolding following Monday 's earthquake. As he will know, British search and 
rescue experts have already been deployed and the Union flag flew at half -mast at our Embassy and 
Consulates across Türkiye yesterday. As a multilateral community, this tragedy reminds us all too 
keenly of the need for us to come together in these heart -breaking moments. As is the Malaysian 
national motto, "unity is strength ". 
4.54.   Returning to the business of this review, let me start by commendin g Malaysia 's strong and 
resilient economic growth over this review period. Malaysia 's aspiration to become a high -income 
country, by the time of their next TPR in 2028, is already producing positive results under the 
ambitious Twelfth Malaysia Plan, based on themes of resetting the economy, strengthening security, 
wellbeing and advancing sustainability.  
4.55.   Malaysia is the UK 's second  largest trading partner in Southeast Asia – with total trade 
reaching almost GBP 6 billion  in the four quarters to Q3 of 2022 and UK exports increasing by just 
under 18% in the last year. We are also pleased to have established the UK -Malaysia Joint 
Commit tee on Bilateral Trade and Investment Cooperation in 2020, to promote trade and investment 
between our two great nations, and demonstrating our ongoing commitment to the Indo -Pacific 
region.  
4.56.   The initiative was upgraded to a Ministerial -led Joint Economic Trade Committee last 
November. We look forward to continuing to build economic cooperation between our two countries 
under this Committee, as well as more broadly through our dialogue partner status in ASEAN.  
4.57.   We are also pleased to stan d as Malaysia 's ninth largest foreign investor, with a strong 
corporate footprint in Malaysia with over 200  British companies invested in a wide variety of sectors. 
Education is at the heart of our relationship. There are five UK university branch campuses  in 
Malaysia, as well as the tens of thousands of young Malaysians attending schools and university in 
the UK, and we stand ready to support Malaysia 's ambition to become a regional education hub.  
4.58.   We are also delighted that Malaysia has invested so signif icantly into the UK, with inward 
investments in 2020 valued at GBP 780 million, representing an increase of almost 230% from the 
previous year.  
4.59.   And, of course, our flourishing bilateral ties also extend to Geneva. We are grateful for 
Malaysia 's active part icipation and engagement in the Investment Facilitation for Development, WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  MSME and E -commerce Joint Initiatives. Through these initiatives, we share a commitment to 
delivering for global businesses and consumers. In this context, let me encourage Malaysia t o 
consider joining the initiative on Services Domestic Regulation, where businesses are set to benefit 
by up to USD 150 billion  globally per year, despite the best efforts of some who purport to speak for 
the developing world.  
4.60.   More broadly, our governments  are working together on critical modern issues such as climate 
and forced labour. Indeed, my UN  DPR has been in Kuala  Lumpur this week discussing human rights 
issues with our Malaysian partners.  
4.61.   Net-zero planning and green energy are shared priority issue s for the UK and Malaysia on 
green trade. We signed the UK -Malaysia Climate Partnership MoU in July  2022, supporting greater 
technical assistance and knowledge sharing, and we will continue to work with government 
departments and agencies at all levels in support of our shared climate goals.  
4.62.   On forced labour, we welcomed Malaysia 's ratification of the ILO 's Forced Labour Convention 
last year and remain committed to working together to deliver our shared goal of ending modern 
slavery and coercive labour prac tices.  We will continue to support Malaysia 's work to deliver its 
National Action Plan through exchange of expertise and engagement across government, civil society 
and industry.  
4.63.   Also commendable is Malaysia 's engagement in Trade and Gender, an issue dear to the heart 
of my Minister, as Minister for both Business and Trade and Equalities, with clear efforts being made 
in Malaysia 's 2022 budget for women -led MSMEs and a specific commitment in the Twelfth Malaysia 
Plan to ensure further opportunities for fema le entrepreneurs and access to decision -making roles.  
4.64.   But, of course, there is always more we can do to strengthen our relationship.  
4.65.   In our advance written questions , the UK sought to understand more about Malaysia 's trade 
policies and practices regarding  government procurement, government -linked companies and 
tendering provisions, sustainable manufacturing practices, and excise duties.  
4.66.   We particularly encourage Malaysia to continue opening its legal services sector, including 
business services, to competi tion and investment and to view this, as we do, as a reali zable economic 
benefit. The opening of legal services will support Malaysian corporations that are seeking to 
globali ze and require specialist legal advice in Malaysia, and should promote the develo pment of 
Malaysia into a legal hub within ASEAN.  
4.67.   We are grateful to Malaysia for their written responses and look forward to continuing to work 
together to address these important issues.  
4.68.   To conclude, we are grateful to colleagues from Kuala  Lumpur for their attendance here today, 
and we wish Malaysia a successful Trade Policy Review and continuing success in progressing their 
Twelfth Malaysia Plan, with the UK as a close partner.  
JAPAN  
4.69.   Japan warmly welcomes the distinguished delegation of Malaysia, head ed by Mr Datuk  Isham 
Ishak, Secretary General, Ministry of International Trade and Industry and guided by Ambassador 
Syahril Syazli Ghazali. Our appreciation goes to Malaysia and to the WTO Secretariat, as well as to 
the discussant, Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy, for his professional devotion and insights in the most 
difficult period. Our sympathy and thoughts are with the Turkish people, and Japan wishes to be of 
help as Türkiye did when Japan faced disasters in the past.  
4.70.   Japan and Malaysia have maintained  and developed friendly economic relations over the 
years. Amidst the growing importance of a rule -based international order, Japan would like to further 
promote cooperation with Malaysia as a strategic partner toward the realization of the "Free and 
Open Indo-Pacific ". 
4.71.   Starting with a general observation, Japan acknowledges that, according to the Secretariat's 
report, Malaysia 's economic growth rate fell to -5.5% in 2020 due to the impact of the COVID -19 WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  pandemic, but subsequently recovered to 3.1% in 2021  due to the gradual easing of 
pandemic -related restrictions and the resumption of economic activity. We are aware that the 
World  Bank forecasts that the growth rate will reach 7.8% in 2022, and we look forward to Malaysia 
returning to its pre -COVID growth trajectory, and to its continued economic growth in the future.  
4.72.   Taking this opportunity, I would like to touch upon several specific issues on the trade policies 
of Malaysia.  
4.73.   First, regarding engagement in the WTO, Japan appreciates that over the last two  years, 
Malaysia has chaired the Committee of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in Information 
Technology Products. In addition, we also highly commend Malaysia 's active participation in various 
initiatives, such as the JSI e -commerce negotiations and  WTO reform. Japan hopes that Malaysia 
will continue its contributions to the JSI e -commerce negotiations in order to bring them to a 
substantive conclusion by the end of 2023.  
4.74.   As pointed out in the Secretariat 's Report, we also appreciate that Malaysia ha s submitted a 
number of notifications during the current review period, and we look forward to further efforts to 
ensure transparency in the future.  
4.75.   Next, with regard to regional trade agreements, according to the Government Report, 
Malaysia has concluded  free trade agreements with 16  countries, including nine ASEAN countries, 
and the FTA coverage ratio in total trade amounted to 67.3% for the latest full year 2022. Japan 
highly appreciates Malaysia 's efforts to actively promote trade liberalization. We ho pe that the RTAs 
concluded by Malaysia will complement and strengthen the multilateral trading system.  
4.76.   Turning onto the regional and bilateral economic relationship, we firstly welcome the entry 
into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership （RCEP）last March, which marked 
the third agreement between Japan and Malaysia following the Malaysia -Japan Economic Partnership 
Agreement (MJEPA) and the ASEAN -Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) 
Agreement. We also welcome the fact that Malaysia has completed its domestic procedures and has 
become a party to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership 
(CPTPP). We look forward to working together to maintain the high standards of the CPTPP, which 
is the c ornerstone of a free and open economic order in the Indo -Pacific region.  
4.77.   We would like to promote bilateral cooperation in various other areas as well, such as the 
stable supply of energy, including liquefied natural gas from Malaysia, interaction of peopl e from our 
countries, including businesspersons, and the opening of Japanese universities in Malaysia.  
4.78.   Finally —yet importantly —I also would like to highlight that this year marks the 50th 
anniversary of ASEAN -Japan Friendship and Cooperation, and we recogn ize that this is a good 
opportunity for Japan and the ASEAN countries, including Malaysia, to further strengthen their 
partnership. Japan will hold a special ASEAN -Japan Summit Meeting with the leaders of ASEAN 
countries and will set out a vision for the f uture of ASEAN -Japan relations. We hope that these efforts 
will also contribute to the development of our bilateral trade.  
4.79.   In closing, we would like to express our appreciation for the timely manner in which Malaysia 
responded to Japan 's advance written qu estions, and we wish the delegation of Malaysia a successful 
Trade Policy Review.  
NEW ZEALAND  
4.80.   New Zealand welcomes this opportunity to participate in the eighth  Trade Policy Review of 
Malaysia. We further wish to welcome Secretary -General , Datuk  Isham  Ishak, and 
H.E. Mr Syahril  Syazli  Ghazali and the delegation to Geneva. We thank both the WTO Secretariat 
and the Government of Malaysia for their extensive and detailed work in preparing this review, and 
Ambassador Acarsoy for his insightful remarks as discussant.  I would like to join oth er delegations 
in taking this opportunity to express New  Zealand's deep sympathies and solidarity to the people of 
Türkiye for the devastating earthquake suffered this week.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.81.   New Zealand and Malaysia share many common aspirations on the world stage. We are both 
outward -looking Indo -Pacific nations deeply committed to regional and global rules, open and 
competitive markets, and sustainable approaches to social, economic and environmental issues.  
4.82.   New Zealand and Malaysia have a significant bilateral trading re lationship, and Malaysia is 
one of our top  ten trading partners. That trading relationship is underpinned by the Malaysia 
New Zealand Free Trade Agreement, as well as several regional trade agreements. These include 
the ASEAN Australia New  Zealand Free Tra de Agreement (AANZFTA) – for which upgrade 
negotiations concluded last year; the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans -Pacific Partnership – for 
which we were delighted to welcome Malaysia 's ratification last year; the Regional Comprehensive 
Economic Partner ship; and our ongoing negotiations with Malaysia as part of the Indo -Pacific 
Economic Framework (IPEF).  
4.83.   We appreciate that Malaysia shares New  Zealand 's strong commitment to the rules -based 
multilateral trading system, which we see as essential to our coll ective future prosperity. 
New Zealand and Malaysia enjoy close collaboration across a range of WTO work streams, including 
in relation to advancing agricultural trade reform as Cairns Group members.  
4.84.   There are many areas in which Malaysia has demonstrated l eadership. Malaysia was among 
the first Members to ratify the Trade Facilitation agreement.  And it has been an active participant in 
workstreams on MSMEs and Women 's Economic empowerment, as well as current negotiations on 
e-commerce and investment facilit ation for development. We look forward to continuing to work 
with Malaysia on these issues going forward and encourage it to consider participation in other 
initiatives such as the Joint Statement Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation.  
4.85.   New Zealand loo ks forward to working with Malaysia to implement the outcomes of MC12. In 
particular, we look forward to Malaysia 's ratification of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, which will 
have a significant impact on the sustainability of our Indo -Pacific region 's fisheries and livelihoods 
of our fishers.  
4.86.   New Zealand continues to value Malaysia 's leadership in ASEAN on trade and economic issues.  
Within the Indo -Pacific, Malaysia has played an active role to help maintain the momentum of trade 
liberali zation. In 2020 , Malaysia hosted APEC and launched the APEC Putrajaya Vision  2040 in pursuit 
of an "open, dynamic, resilient , and peaceful Asia -Pacific community by 2040 ". As APEC host in 
2021, New  Zealand was happy to carry this forward by launching the Putrajaya Vision  2040 
Implementation Plan, the Aotearoa Plan of Action.  
4.87.   We note that despite Malaysia 's developing country status, it has for many years maintained 
relatively low or duty -free applied tariffs on a large number of imported goods. As stated i n the 
Secretariat 's Report, about 74.3% of all tariff lines face ad valorem  rates of 10% or less, while more 
than 50% of the tariff lines are duty -free on an MFN basis, which we welcome.  
4.88.   Despite its commitments to an open and liberal trade regime and to tr ansitioning to a low 
carbon economy, New  Zealand notes that the Malaysian economy remains heavily subsidi zed, 
particularly in the energy sector. Subsidies that artificially lower end -user energy prices create 
wasteful energy use and often fail to meet thei r objectives, distorting trade, diverting investment 
and lowering competitiveness.  
4.89.   We welcome Malaysia 's consideration of narrowing its subsidies and strongly encourage 
Malaysia to implement a subsidy rationali zation programme.  We suggest Malaysia conside r using 
the APEC Voluntary Peer Review for Reform of Inefficient Fossil Fuel Subsidies towards a targeted 
fossil fuel subsidy rationali zation programme with well -designed transitional policies. We would also 
welcome Malaysia 's participation in the work pla n being advanced in the World Trade Organization, 
which will consider the development and social aspects of fossil fuel subsidy reform.  
4.90.   In conclusion, we welcome our warm and committed  bilateral relationship, and Malaysia 's 
active and positive contributio n to multilateral and regional trade. In particular, we commend its 
commitment to keeping its market open despite the challenging economic landscape in recent years. 
We believe this work is playing an important role in supporting Malaysia 's goal of develop ing its 
economy in ways that focus not just on GDP growth but also improve well -being, inclusivity and 
sustainability.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.91.   We congratulate Malaysia on its eighth  Trade Policy Review and wish it a successful and 
valuable session today and Friday.  
KINGDOM OF SAU DI ARABIA  
4.92.   Chair, allow me to join you and previous speakers in expressing our deep condolences to the 
brotherly Mission of Türkiye, to the families who lost their beloved due to the devastating earthquake  
in Türkiye and Syria. Ambassador Acarsoy, out thoughts are with you all.  
4.93.   The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia is very pleased to take part in the eighth Trade Policy Review of 
Malaysia and would like to extend a very warm welcome to its distinguished delegation he aded by 
H.E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.  
4.94.   The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia thanks Malaysia and the WTO Secretariat for their detailed and 
comprehensive Trade Policy Review Reports. We also thank th e discussant H.E.  Mr Alparslan 
Acarsoy , Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Türkiye to the WTO for his insightful 
comments.  
4.95.   Over the period 2018 -2019, the Malaysian economy expanded by 4.6% thanks to the strong 
private consumption and net exports. In 2020, however, Malaysia's GDP contracted by 5.6% 
following the outbreak of COVID -19 pandemic. In 2021, the economy continued to expand by 3.1% 
due to the improvement of domestic demand and robust exports performance.  
4.96.   To mitigate the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic, the Government of Malaysia unveiled an 
economic stimulus package worth MYR  530 billion through various immediate and proactive 
measures, especially in fulfilling the needs of the public health system and supporting business 
continuity.  
4.97.   We prai se Malaysia for its performance in the Twelfth Malaysia Plan, 2021 -2025, which focuses 
on accelerating innovation and technology adoption, enhancing connectivity and transport 
infrastructure, developing talent, and improving public service. We also would l ike to highlight the 
considerable development in business and trade -friendly environment, namely the MalaysiaBiz 
Portal, which was launched in 2020 as a one -stop centre for business registration and licensing, 
aiming to encourage competitiveness in the cou ntry and spur local economic growth.  
4.98.   Regarding investment development, the Investment Development Authority is the principal 
agency overseeing and driving investment into manufacturing and selected industries in the services 
sector. Moreover, the National Investment Aspirations, approved in 2021, provides a programme for 
comprehensive reform of the investment agenda to attract high -quality investments creating 
high-income jobs.  
4.99.   Malaysia is an active Member of the WTO and continues to play a central role in the 
reinforcement of the multilateral trading system. In addition, the Government of Malaysia places 
high priority on market openness through bilateral FTAs. To date, Malaysia has implemented a total 
of 15 FTAs with many countries.  
4.100.   The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia and Malaysia have a strong trade relationship which is 
supported by their shared membership in the Organization of the Islamic Conference. Trade 
exchange between the two countries exceeded SAR  14 billion in 2021.  
4.101.   To conclude, I would like to take thi s opportunity to thank H.E.  Mr Syahril Syazli  Ghazali , 
Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Malaysia to the WTO, and his delegation for the 
excellent cooperation between our two missions. I also congratulate Malaysia for its solid economic 
performanc e, and I wish the delegation of Malaysia a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  CHINA  
4.102.   First, let me join others to express my condolences to the people Türkiye for their loss in the 
earthquake.  
4.103.   Returning to today's agenda, f irst of all, I would like extend my warm welcome to the 
delegation of Malaysia led by Secretary -General Datuk  Isham  Ishak. I would also like to express my 
gratitude to H.E.  Ambassador Didier  Chambovey and the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador  
Alparslan  Acarsoy f or their insightful remarks and guiding questions. Let me also thank the 
Secretariat for their hard work.  
4.104.   China appreciates the preparation for this review made by the Government of Malaysia and 
commends the remarkable progress that Malaysia has achieved i n its economic development since 
the last Review. We noticed the valuable commitment of Malaysia to keep its markets open and 
support businesses in the 28 years of WTO Membership.  
4.105.   We are impressed by the Eleventh Malaysia Plan covering 2016 -2020 and the T welfth 
Malaysia Plan from 2021 -2025 aiming at accelerating technology innovation, enhancing 
infrastructure, and improving the standard of living to achieve a balanced and sustainable growth. 
We also notice with appreciation that Malaysia 's economy has been  recovering from shocks of the 
COVID -19 pandemic since 2021 thanks to improving domestic demand and robust exports 
performance.  
4.106.   We recognize that trade has historically been and will remain pivotal in Malaysia's economic 
development goals. That 's why Mala ysia is resolute to uphold an open, fair, transparent , and 
rules-based multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core. We would like to work with Malaysia 
to support the efforts to strengthen the WTO through reforms and modernization.  
4.107.   China welcomes Malaysia 's active involvement in WTO activities as a strong supporter of 
multilateral cooperation. Over the last two years, Malaysia has chaired the Committee of Participants 
on the Expansion of Trade in Information Technology Products as well as the Worki ng Groups on 
Trade and Transfer of Technology and Trade, Debt and Finance. Malaysia has joined the Joint 
Statement Initiatives on electronic commerce, investment facilitation for development, and micro, 
small, and medium -sized enterprises. At that same tim e, being an active user of the dispute 
settlement system, Malaysia is a co -sponsor of the proposal to launch the AB Member selection and 
revive the second tier of adjudication. In this regard, we encourage Malaysia to consider joining the 
MPIA as an interi m arrangement during the paralysis of the Appellate Body.  
4.108.   China and Malaysia are traditional trade partners with close ties. Under the guidance of the 
leaders of the two countries, China -Malaysia comprehensive strategic partnership has deepened over 
the years and economic and trade cooperation has yielded fruitful results. China has been Malaysia's 
largest trading partner for 13  years. According to statistics from China, our bilateral trade reached 
USD 176.8  billion in 2021, up 34.5% comparing with the pr evious year. Two -way investment has 
reached nearly USD 20 billion. Chinese companies are actively participating in the construction of 
Malaysia's East Coast Railway and other major projects.  
4.109.   As a landmark project of the Belt and Road Initiative between Ch ina and Malaysia, the "Two 
Countries Two Parks" cooperation, namely, the Malaysia -China Kuantan Industrial Park and 
China -Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park have made remarkable achievements over the past 
10 years. A number of demonstration projects in elect ronic information, steel, tire, port and 
agricultural products have been launched in the park, playing an important role in local economic 
and social development.  
4.110.   China and Malaysia are both members of RCEP. The implementation of our commitments to 
each ot her on market access and rules in different sectors will further elevate bilateral trade and 
investment cooperation, bring more benefits to companies and consumers of our two countries. The 
bilateral cooperation between China and Malaysia will also facilit ate coordination and integration of 
regional industrial and supply chains, thus making new contribution to regional economic growth.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.111.   In this Review, China submitted some questions regarding policies on the operation of foreign 
companies in Malaysia, specif ic registration requirements and regulations for certain sectors. We 
would like to thank the delegation of Malaysia in advance for their response to our questions.  
4.112.   We look forward to a constructive exchange of views and wish Malaysia a very successful 
Trade Policy Review.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.113.   On behalf of the European  Union, I would like to welcome the delegation of the Malaysia for 
the eighth  Trade Policy Review, led by the Secretary General Mr  Datuk  Isham  Ishak (Ministry of 
International Trade and Industry), as  well as the large delegation in attendance from Kuala  Lumpur. 
Our appreciation is extended to the Discussant, Ambassador H.E.  Mr Alparslan  Acarsoy (Türkiye), 
for his remarks.  
4.114.   While the economy was dampened by the COVID -19 pandemic, Malaysia 's economy has  
since rebounded. According to World  Bank the country is now projected to transition from its current 
upper -middle -income economy to a high -income economy between 2024 and 2028 provided the 
government successfully carries through reforms revitali zing long -term growth, boosting 
competitiveness, diversification, moderni zing institutions and promoting inclusion.  
4.115.   During the review period, Malaysia has also acceded to the Regional Comprehensive 
Economic Partnership Agreement and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for 
Trans -Pacific Partnership, both facilitating access and promoting regional trade. Malaysia has further 
launched a New Investment Policy to reinvigorate and cataly se its investment ecosystem with a 
strong pivot towards environmenta l, social, and governance issues.  
4.116.   The EU would also like to commend Malaysia for its active participation in the work of the 
WTO and for its commitment and support to the multilateral trading system. Furthermore, we 
acknowledge Malaysia 's constructive par ticipation in the Joint Statement Initiatives in E-commerce 
and Investment Facilitation for Development and encourage Malaysia to join the Services Domestic 
Regulation JSI as well as the WTO 's initiatives on trade and sustainability.  
4.117.   Despite these very pos itive aspects, the EU would like to raise a number of issues regarding 
Malaysia's trade and investment policies. These are similar to the ones raised in the previous Trade 
Policy Review of Malaysia, and therefore we would encourage further compliance of th ese policies.  
4.118.   First, the EU continues to note a general lack of transparency, both ex ante and ex post, 
which deters EU traders and investors from doing business in Malaysia.  
4.119.   Second, we also remain concerned by the wide use of non -automatic import licensi ng, which 
the Secretariat Report confirms, as well as by the lack of predictability and transparency of the 
Malaysian licensing regime in general. In particular, we consider that the approved permit system 
in the automotive sector is a blatant example of a  quota regime that is not compliant with WTO  rules. 
The EU would like to know more about Malaysia 's plans to ensure compliance with WTO rules and to 
further open up its national automotive policy to competition, and these are issues that will not be 
a surp rise to the delegation present here today.  
4.120.   Third, although the EU recogni zes that Malaysia has moved in the right direction in terms of 
reform and liberalization of its services sector, we think that further efforts are necessary. For 
instance, we would li ke to see Malaysia pursuing liberali zation in services sectors where foreign 
equity caps have remained for decades. Linked to this is a more general concern over a set of 
discriminatory domestic policies that negatively affect foreign direct investment , but also other 
sectors.  
4.121.   Fourth, we reiterate our concern about the discrimination our providers face when trying to 
access Malaysia's public procurement market. In some important sectors - such as civil engineering 
and infrastructure development - our suppli ers are extremely rarely allowed to tender. Unlike several 
other Asian economies at a similar, or lesser level of economic development, Malaysia is only an 
observer to the Government Procurement Agreement. The EU strongly encourages Malaysia to make WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  its procurement market more open and transparent, and to consider joining the GPA. Furthermore, 
we would like to extend to Malaysia the invitation to join the MPIA arrangement.  
4.122.   Finally, while we appreciate Malaysia's ambition to become a hub for halal products,  the EU 
once again encourages Malaysia to pursue this ambition whilst allowing EU operators to export 
non-halal meat products to Malaysia as well. In addition, EU halal meat products should be permitted 
to compete on the Malaysian halal market under the sa me conditions as Malaysian operators.  
4.123.   The EU would like to thank Malaysia for the responses to the advance questions we have put 
forward today on these and other issues that we are currently examining. On behalf of the EU, I  wish 
Malaysia a very successful  eighth  review.  
PHILIPPINES  
4.124.   The Philippines warmly welcomes and congratulates the delegation of Malaysia led by 
H.E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary  General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry 
on their eighth  Trade Policy Review. We also thank Ambassador H.E.  Mr Alparslan  Acarsoy  of Türkiye 
for his insightful comments as discussant, and the WTO Secretariat for its comprehensive Report.  
4.125.   We join the Membership in conveying our deepest condolences to the people of Türkiye and 
Syria following the major earthquake in the region. The Philippines has mobilized a 85 -person 
contingent, composed of search and rescue experts, health professionals a nd medical supplies, and 
stands ready to offer additional support.  
4.126.   The Philippines associates itself with the ASEAN statement to be delivered by Indonesia 
recognizing the crucial role of Malaysia in shaping overall development and progress of ASEAN and 
its relations with external partners. We too note the commendable performance of Malaysia's 
economy which has continued to be one of the strongest and diversified economies in Southeast 
Asia since the last Review in 2018.  
4.127.   As co -founders of ASEAN, the Philippi nes shares with Malaysia the vision of an ASEAN 
Community that is highly integrated, competitive, innovative, resilient, and people -centred .  
4.128.   The Philippines enjoys long -standing  bilateral relations with Malaysia given our historical and 
cultural linkages.  In 2021, Malaysia was ranked as the Philippines ' 10th major trading partner in the 
world with total bilateral trade amounting to USD 7.2 billion. The top Philippine exports to Malaysia 
consist of electrical machinery and equipment, boilers, rubber, animal  or vegetable fats and oils, 
and precision optical, photographic instruments. And the Philippines and Malaysia remain key 
contributors to the emergence of ASEAN as a key global production hub for electrical and electronics 
value chains.  
4.129.   As noted in both Reports by the Secretariat and Malaysia, the outbreak of the COVID -19 
pandemic adversely affected the Malaysian economy, which contracted in 2020 but has since begun 
to recover. The Secretariat Report noted Malaysia 's pre-pandemic solid macroeconomic position and 
sound policy framework which allowed Malaysia to react to the pandemic swiftly and boldly.  
4.130.   The Philippines further notes that while no new bilateral FTAs have been concluded since the 
last trade policy review in 2018, Malaysia has ratified the  Regional Comprehensive Economic 
Partnership (RCEP), which entered into force for the country on 18  March  2022, and the 
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which recently 
took effect on 29  November  2022. Malaysia is also participating in all pillars of the Indo -Pacific 
Economic Framework (IPEF).  
4.131.   Malaysia is a firm supporter of the multilateral trading system and an active Member of the 
WTO, particularly illustrated by its chairmanship of the Committee of Participan ts on the Expansion 
of Trade in Information Technology Products as well as the Working Groups on Trade and Transfer 
of Technology and Trade, Debt and Finance. Malaysia is also an active participant of the joint 
initiatives in e -commerce, investment facilit ation, trade and gender, and micro, small, and 
medium -sized enterprises. The Philippines would encourage Malaysia to also consider joining the 
Joint Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation and the Dialogue on Plastic Pollution and 
Environmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.132.   We note the significant developments in the economic policies of Malaysia, and we appreciate 
the opportunity to learn more about these policies through this Trade Policy Review. Our delegation 
has submitted advan ce written questions and we thank the delegation of the Malaysia for its timely 
responses.  
4.133.   In closing, the Philippines looks forward to further enhancing the mutually beneficial 
economic relations with Malaysia in bilateral, regional, and multilateral for a. 
BRUNEI  DARUSSALAM  
4.134.   Brunei  Darussalam associates itself with the ASEAN statement to be delivered by Indonesia, 
and joins in warmly welcoming the delegation from Malaysia led by H .E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, 
Secretary General at the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Malaysia.  
4.135.   We thank the Government of Malaysia and the WTO Secretariat for the comprehensive 
Reports and H .E. Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy of Türkiye for his role as the discussant.  
4.136.   We would also like to express our deepest condolenc es to Ambassador  Acarsoy for the loss 
of lives and the devastation caused by the recent as earthquake.  
4.137.   Brunei  Darussalam  and Malaysia established diplomatic relations in January  1984, and we 
have a strong, long -standing, bilateral relationship with Malaysi a that covers many areas of 
cooperation from economic, education, defence, tourism, culture, sports , and health.  
4.138.   In 2021, Malaysia was Brunei  Darussalam 's fourth  top trading partner with bilateral trade 
stands at B ND 3.31 billion, accounting for 12.6% of Brunei  Darussalam' s total trade. Our main 
exports comprise of mineral products, manufactured goods, machinery , and transport equipment 
while the main imports consist of food, live animals, beverages , and tobacco.  
4.139.   Brunei  Darussalam  commends Malaysia for it s dynamic trade policies, anchored on the 
priorities outlined in its Eleventh and Twelfth Malaysia Plans towards achieving a balanced and 
sustainable growth by accelerating technology adoption and innovation, enhancing connectivity and 
transport infrastruc ture as well as improving the standard of living, particularly during the 
challenging economic landscape in recent years.  
4.140.   As our countries work to achieve a more sustainable growth post COVID -19, 
Brunei  Darussalam looks forward to increase our bilateral cooperation across many sectors including 
food, downstream oil and gas, services, ICT, tourism as well as in MSME s and cooperatives. We are 
pleased that our business communities are actively working to pro mote closer economic, trade and 
investment ties by setting up business councils in both countries.  
4.141.   Brunei  Darussalam  and Malaysia are also closely bonded through our membership of ASEAN 
with a common goal of building an inclusive, peaceful, resilient, sta ble, and prosperous region by 
advancing our ASEAN community -building efforts. Last year, we welcomed an important milestone 
with the 55th anniversary of ASEAN where our collective work has and will continue to deliver 
economic prosperity, social advancemen t, and regional peace.  
4.142.   In addition to our ongoing work to achieve economic integration under the ASEAN Economic 
Community (AEC), Brunei  Darussalam also looks forward to strengthen our sub -regional cooperation 
under the Brunei  Darussalam -Indonesia -Malaysia -Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP -EAGA) 
to deliver clean and green manufacturing; competitive and climate resilient agro -industry; and 
well-developed multi -country tourism destination.  
4.143.   As firm supporters of the multilateral trading system and of th e WTO, Brunei  Darussalam 
appreciates Malaysia 's active participation in this Organization. We also value our engagement with 
Malaysia in the various multilateral for a including APEC, CPTPP , and IPEF.  
4.144.   Brunei  Darussalam has submitted several questions in re lations to the Report by Malaysia 
and we thank Malaysia for their responses.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.145.   Finally, we would like to take this opportunity to wish Malaysia a successful eighth  Trade 
Policy Review.  
REPUBLIC OF KOREA  
4.146.   I would like to join other speakers in welcoming Secre tary General of Ministry of International 
Trade and Industry, H.E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak and his delegation to the eighth  Trade Policy Review 
of Malaysia. I also thank Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy of Türkiye  for his role as a discussant.  
4.147.   My delegation takes note that after a GDP contraction by 5.6% in 2020, Malaysia 's economy 
grew by 3.1% in 2021 and recovered further by more than 5.3% in 2022. Such performance w as 
possible thanks to improving domestic deman d and robust exports performance. I believe the 
Twelfth Malaysia Plan 2021 -2025, will continue this trend by transforming the economy towards 
increased inclusivity and sustainability as well as prosperity .  
4.148.   As Malaysia 's trade activities and business commu nity remain resilient even during the 
pandemic, its trade surplus peaked in 2020 and trade volume surpassed USD 500 billion for the first 
time in 2021. This shows the importance that Malaysia put s on the trade as a leading engine of 
growth. It is commendab le that Malaysia makes its efforts to reduce unnecessary regulatory burdens 
and facilitate trade by reviewing non -tariff measures under the Malaysia Productivity Blueprint 
since 2017. However, it is reported that in some cases, its processes and regulation s for import 
permits continue to cause unnecessary burdens for foreign exporters. And excise duty on certain 
products, such as alcoholic beverages, substantially leads to differentiated tax burdens between 
domestic and foreign producers. Korea encourages  Malaysia to pay more attention to this issue.  
4.149.   My delegation appreciates Malaysia 's commitment to multilateral trading system as an active 
WTO Member and market opening with growing engagement in RTAs and FTAs.  
4.150.   Malaysia has participated in negotiations and  discussions not only on regular activities but 
also on JSIs, including electronic commerce, investment facilitation for investment and MSMEs. It 
has fully implemented the Trade Facilitation Agreement since June  2021. Malaysia 's implementation 
of tariff cu ts on products covered by the expanded Information Technology Agreements led to a fall 
in Malaysia 's applied rates. In this regard, my delegation commends Malaysia 's active participation 
in WTO and looks forward to closer cooperation with Malaysia in this arena of international trade.  
4.151.   At the same time, I would like to encourage Malaysia to continue its submission of 
notification s in some areas that need to be improved. As Malaysia is not a party to the Agreement 
on Government Procurement, I also would like  to Malaysia to consider joining the Agreement that 
will promote competition and free trade in the relevant area.  
4.152.   At the regional level, Malaysia has enhanced its integration efforts with other ASEAN 
Members by establishing ASEAN Economic Community and th e ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement. 
In other areas, including trade facilitation and liberalization of service s trade, investment and 
e-commerce, such efforts are underway. The ASEAN have also pursued trade liberalization through 
a network of FTAs and I beli eve that , as an ASEAN member, Malaysia has enjoyed the benefits from 
ASEAN 's integration and FTAs with other countries.  
4.153.   The Korea -ASEAN FTA is one of these FTAs and it has helped the Republic of Korea and 
Malaysia to liberalize our trade since 2007. It is  also welcoming that the RCEP, which contributes to 
further trade liberalization, entered into effect in both the Republic of Korea and Malaysia. The start 
of the bilateral relations goes back to 1960 when the Republic of Korea and Malaysia established 
diplomatic ties. For more than 60 years, the two countries have expanded the areas of cooperation 
and the bilateral cooperation in industry.  
4.154.   As many other delegations said today, once again, my delegation appreciates Malaysia 's 
steadfast support to and active  participation in the rules -based multilateral trading system. The 
Republic of Korea believes that Malaysia will continuously contribute to facilitating free trade and 
strengthening the multilateral trading system. My Government also looks forward to continuing to 
work closely with Malaysia in the arena of international trade.  
4.155.   I wish the delegation of Malaysia every success in its TPR.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC  
4.156.   First of all, we would like to express our condolences and full solidarity to the delegation of 
Türkiye for the irreparable damage in terms of loss of human life as a result of th e earthquake that 
recently struck the country.  
4.157.   The delegation of the Dominican  Republic appreciates the presentation of the Report by the 
Honourable Datuk Isham Ishak, Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry 
of Malaysia. We al so wish to thank the discussant, Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy, Permanent 
Representative of Türkiye, for his presentation, and would like to welcome the visiting delegation of 
Malaysia.  
4.158.   Our delegation observes in the reports that were presented that, as is the case in the vast 
majority of countries, in the past years, Malaysia's economic growth was affected by the COVID -19 
pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and price volatility of commodities, among other factors.  
4.159.   We are pleased to note that, following a perio d where the economy shrank by around 5.6% 
in 2020 due to the COVID -19 pandemic, Malaysia recovered in 2021 with a gross domestic product 
(GDP) growth rate of 3.1% thanks to higher domestic demand and a good export performance.  
4.160.   We value and congratulate Mal aysia, one of the most open economies of the world, for 
ensuring that trade activities remained stable during the pandemic and the value of exports 
increased to unprecedented levels in 2021.  
4.161.   We note with interest how Malaysia has based its trade policies o n priorities set in its Eleventh 
(2016 -2020) and Twelfth  Malaysia Plan (2021 -2025), with a view to achieving greater innovation 
and technology uptake, improving connectivity, infrastructure and transportation, and raising living 
standards to achieve balanc ed and sustainable growth.  
4.162.   Another topic that caught our attention as a positive was the introduction in 2021 of the 
Digital Economy Blueprint to transform Malaysia into a digitally driven and high -income nation and 
ultimately become a regional leader in d igital economy.  
4.163.   Our delegation thanks Malaysia for its replies to our country's questions. The questions are 
related to exemptions of import duties for industrial free zones and dependence on domestic value 
content, as well as compliance with the provision s of Article  3 of the Agreement on Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement). The replies provided will be analysed by our relevant 
authorities in Santo  Domingo.  
4.164.   We also value the fact that Malaysia is currently an observer to the WTO Committee  on 
Government Procurement. One of the top priorities of the Dominican  Republic Government is to 
reach the maximum level of transparency in the activities of the State. Another action that 
demonstrates the commitment of the Dominican  Republic Government in  the area of transparency 
is the fact that our country has been an observer to the WTO Committee on Government 
Procurement since 20  September  2022, becoming the first observer from the Caribbean.  
4.165.   To conclude, we would like to take this opportunity to reite rate our thanks to the delegation 
of Malaysia and wish the country a successful Trade Policy Review.  
COLOMBIA  
4.166.   We warmly welcome the delegation of Malaysia, led by Mr  Datuk Isham Ishak, Secretary 
General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry ( MITI) and their whole team in the capital 
and in Geneva.  
4.167.   We appreciate the analysis and feedback provided by the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador  Alparslan Acarsoy of Türkiye. The points discussed have helped to enrich this 
discussion considerably. We would like to express our sincere sympathy for the natural disasters 
that occurred and their consequences. We also recognize the hard work of the Secretariat and the 
Malaysian authorities in the preparation of the reports.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.168.   As developing countries, we share  many cultural similarities, including a rich and diverse 
cultural heritage and a strong emphasis on family values and traditions.  
4.169.   Based on the Secretariat Report, we value the efforts made by Malaysia to develop human 
talent, accelerate the uptake of inno vation and technology, improve connectivity and transport 
infrastructure and improve public services. Furthermore, its "game changer" approach is a 
demonstration of its commitment to sustainable economic development.  
4.170.   Malaysia's current account developments  are noteworthy, and we applaud its progress in the 
area of industrial property, especially its recent accession to the Madrid Protocol and the Budapest 
Treaty, as well as the enactment of the new law and regulations on geographical indications.  
4.171.   We would l ike to know more about Malaysia's position on the agriculture negotiations in 
relation to public stockholding measures for food security purposes. According to information 
available and notified by Malaysia, the policy space for subsidi zing specific produc ts in the aggregate 
measure of support is quite large (reaching 20% of production value, amounting to over 
USD 5 billion  in 2016) and could continue to widen as production increases. One might think, if 
Malaysia implements its policies within the space gra nted by the Agreement on Agriculture, that it 
could grant a large quantity of support without needing additional flexibilities.  
4.172.   On another note, Colombia would like to mention that it is a third party in the proceedings 
between Malaysia and the European  Union on certain measures concerning palm oil. Colombia is 
hoping for a positive, rules -based outcome for international trade.  
4.173.   In this spirit, we will continue to work together to deepen the solid and mutually beneficial 
trade relations between Colombia and Malaysia . 
BRAZIL  
4.174.   First, on behalf of Brazil, I join others in extending our heartfelt condolences to 
Ambassador  Acarsoy and the people of Türkiye following the loss of life and devastation caused by 
the earthquake that struck Türkiye and Syria earlier this  week.  
4.175.   Turning to the subject of this meeting, I would like to extend a warm welcome to the 
delegation of Malaysia, headed by Secretary General , Datuk  Isham  Ishak, and to the colleagues of 
the Malaysian Mission to the WTO, always very active participants in this Organization. I thank the 
Government of Malaysia and the WTO Secretariat for their Reports, the discussant, Ambassador 
Acarsoy, for his insightful remarks, and you, Chair, for your opening comments.  
4.176.   Malaysia has traditionally been home to one of th e most open economies in the world, one 
that is deeply integrated to global supply chains and heavily reliant on foreign commerce.  
4.177.   Trade between Brazil and Malaysia has significantly increased since Malaysia 's last TPR in 
2018. In 2021, Malaysia was our second largest trading partner in ASEAN, with our bilateral trade 
flows reaching a record USD  6.4 billion.  
4.178.   GDP is estimated to have grown by 8.5 % to 9% in 2022, a robust performance that we 
understand has benefit ed from world demand for products of which M alaysia is a key exporter.  
4.179.   The importance of international trade for Malaysia 's economy is also reflected in initiatives 
directed at trade facilitation. Brazil commends Malaysia for its efforts in further streamlining customs 
procedures and facilitating tr ade through its National Single Window.  
4.180.   Brazilian companies have important investments in Malaysia, in areas such as mining and 
electric motors. Malaysian firms, in turn, have made significant investments in Brazil, notably in the 
field of oil and gas.  
4.181.   The strong economic ties between Brazil and Malaysia continue to provide a solid basis for 
an enhanced partnership. Brazil will continue to attach priority to our close dialogue with Malaysian 
trade authorities. The first meeting of our Joint Trade Committee,  held in September  2022, pointed WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  to a number of pathways along which further cooperation between our two countries could be 
pursued.  
4.182.   Shortly after that meeting, a large Brazilian delegation, including business representatives, 
visited Malaysia on a trade mission that provided valuable opportunities for exchanges in a large 
array of sectors, including aeronautics, agriculture , and pharmaceutics.  
4.183.   On agriculture in particular, Brazil sees great potential for the expansion of its exports of 
halal meat to  Malaysia. In this regard, we count on the engagement of Malaysian authorities to set 
out as clearly and transparently as possible to prospective exporters what are the applicable sanitary 
and halal requirements, so that any pending issues may be resolved without undue delay.  
4.184.   Brazil has submitted to Malaysia a few questions, including questions related to SPS 
requirements and halal certification. We look forward to receiving Malaysia 's replies, which will be 
conveyed to our capital for examination and follo w-up. 
4.185.   Let me conclude, by wishing the Malaysian delegation a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
TÜRKİYE  
4.186.   Let me first thank you and all the members who expressed kind words of condolences and 
solidarity today. These are extremely difficult days for my cou ntry. While we mourn our people who 
lost their lives and pray for those who are directly affected by the devastating earthquakes, we 
appreciate solidarity and support of our WTO family.  
4.187.   Turning to my statement, we welcome the delegation of Malaysia led by Mr Datuk  Isham 
Ishak, Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.  We thank the 
Secretariat and the Government of Malaysia for their Reports as well as discussant Ambassador 
Acarsoy for his invaluable remarks.  
4.188.   Malaysia 's economy h as recovered rapidly from the pandemic and registered a strong growth 
in 2022. During the review period, Malaysia has taken important steps to transform its economy into 
a high -income one. We consider that steps taken by the Malaysian Government to boost 
development and advance the economy are exemplary in its region.  
4.189.   Malaysia is also a prominent actor in ASEAN. We commend its efforts to strengthen the 
regional integration.  Furthermore, we recognize Malaysia 's active participation in the work of 
the WTO. We  are pleased to collaborate with Malaysia in Joint Statement Initiatives on e -commerce 
and MSMEs.  
4.190.   Malaysia is an important partner for Türkiye in Southeast Asia.  Our Governments share a 
strong will to further strengthen bilateral political and economic coo peration.  We elevated our 
relations with Malaysia to the level of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in July  2022.  We believe 
that the protocol on the expansion of the Free Trade Agreement, which was signed last year 
(September  2022) in Ankara, will contr ibute to further our cooperation in e -commerce, services , and 
investments.  
4.191.   Malaysia is our top trading partner within ASEAN. Bilateral trade volume in 2021 was around 
USD 3.5 billion. We hope to maintain this growth in a more balanced manner.  
4.192.   In conclusion , we would like to take this opportunity to thank Ambassador  Syahril Syazli 
Ghazali and his able team for the preparation for this review, as well as their contributions to WTO 
activities.  
4.193.   We wish Malaysia a very successful Trade Policy Review . 
AUSTRALIA  
4.194.   I would like to welcome Mr  Datuk Isham  Ishak and  his impressive delegation who deeply 
engage in the work here in the WTO and is a huge testament to the energy and commitment that 
Malaysia sh ows here in the multilateral trading system.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.195.   Ambassador  Arcasoy , dear friend, the heart -breaking images coming out of your country in 
the last hours have been there for all of us to see and we have just heard your deputy  spoke with 
great passion about the  impact this is having  on you.  Our deep sympathies are with you, we all 
stand with you in this room at this very difficult time.  
4.196.   Australia is pleased to participate in this eighth  Trade Policy Review of Malaysia and thanks 
Malaysia and the Secretariat for their detailed and comprehensive Reports.   
4.197.   Australia values our close and long -standing  bilateral relationship with Malaysia, underpinned 
by our Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.  
4.198.   Our economies rely on an open and predictable global trading environment.  We share a 
strong commitment to the rules -based multilateral trading system and the WTO, including a shared 
commitment to restoring the full functionality of the dispute settlement system. While we continue 
to work on this shared objective, we encourage M alaysia to join Australia and others in the 
Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement.  
4.199.   Australia welcomes Malaysia 's constructive engagement in the Joint Statement Initiatives on 
electronic commerce, investment facilitation for investment, and mic ro, small, and medium -sized 
enterprises. We encourage Malaysia to join the Joint Statement Initiative on services domestic 
regulation, building on the work we have done together in the Asia -Pacific Economic Cooperation 
and the Regional Comprehensive Econom ic Partnership fora.  
4.200.   We also welcome Malaysia 's contributions as a Cairns Group member, including to the 
Group 's ambitions of comprehensive multilateral agricultural trade reform to help level the playing 
field in agriculture.  
4.201.   Malaysia is an important bilateral trading partner for Australia. The Malaysia -Australia Free 
Trade Agreement forms the central pillar of o ur trade and economic relationship. In 2021 Malaysia 
was Australia 's ninth largest two -way trading partner and our second -largest trading partner among 
ASEAN member States.  
4.202.   Our bilateral trade relationship with Malaysia is complemented by our close engage ment 
across our region 's emerging economic architecture, including the Indo -Pacific Economic Framework 
for Prosperity, as well as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the 
ASEAN -Australia -New Zealand Free Trade Agreement and the Comprehensive an d Progressive 
Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership. We commend Malaysia 's ratification of the latter - which 
entered into force on 29  November  2022 - and we would welcome working with Malaysia to build on 
this regional cooperation by promoting some of t he same objectives in the WTO context, such as 
the moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions.  
4.203.   Australia welcomes the continued implementation of the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (2021 -2025) 
to counter the economic and trade impacts of the COVID -19 pandemic. We acknowledge Malaysia 's 
success in capitali zing on international demand to sustain targeted economic growth, driven by 
strong private consumption and net exports. Australia looks forward to working with Malaysia in all 
fora to achieve mutually  sustainable economic outcomes in 2023 and beyond.  
4.204.   In anticipation of the Thirteenth Malaysia Plan, Australia welcomes Malaysia 's aspirations to 
attract low -carbon investment and we look forward to continuing to share our experiences on 
achieving net -zero carbon emissions by 2050. We encourage Malaysia to enhance its participation 
in environment discussions at the WTO - including through the WTO Committee on Trade and 
Environment and the environment initiatives - as well as the second phase of fisheries sub sidies 
negotiations.   
4.205.   Australia welcomes Malaysia 's efforts to notify its policies and programs, including 
its 38 notifications to the WTO Committee on Technical Barrers to Trade. We encourage Malaysia to 
further demonstrate its commitment to transparency by improving the timeliness and scope of its 
notifications, as recommended in the WTO Secretariat 's Report.  
4.206.   Australia commends Malaysia 's efforts to stimulate participation of its MSMEs in international 
trade, particularly in the manufacturing, banking, an d tourism sectors. Specifically, Australia notes WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  Malaysia 's 2021 Digital Economy Blueprint as a strategy to support targeted national development 
outcomes, such as digitalizing commerce for 875,000 Malaysian micro, small, and medium -sized 
enterprises.  
4.207.   To continue strengthening the trade relationship for the economic benefit of both countries, 
Australia encourages Malaysia to continue reducing non -tariff barriers to trade and investment.  
4.208.   Australia has submitted several written questions to this Trade Policy  Review, and we look 
forward to Malaysia 's responses.  
4.209.   Australia wishes Malaysia a successful and constructive Trade Policy Review.  
INDIA  
4.210.   At the outset, we join others in expressing our deepest condolences to Ambassador  Acarsoy  
and his team in Geneva for the loss of lives  and damage caused by the recent earthquake in your 
country . Under the direction of Prime  Minister Modi, our Government has already dispatched 
humanitarian assistance, including medical teams, under the "Operati on Dost ", and Ambassador you 
would know dost in both of our languages means "friend " and you are our friend . We hope that your 
country recovers from this crisis quickly.  
4.211.   Turning to the  agenda, my delegation is pleased to participate in the eight h Trade Pol icy 
Review of Malaysia . We would like to extend the very warm  welcome to the delegation of Malaysia, 
led by H .E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 
and also we commend H.E. Ambassador  Syahril  Syazli  Ghazali, Permanent Representative of 
Malaysia , and his entirety  for their hard work . My delegation would like to extend our appreciation 
to the Government of Malaysia and the WTO Secretariat for their comprehensive Reports and we 
would also like to thank the discuss ant, H.E. Ambassador Acarsoy,  for his insightful remarks . 
4.212.   India and Malaysia  enjoy a close and multifaceted partnership underpinned by strong 
economic, cultural , and people -to-people linkages . Bilateral ties were elevated to enhanced strategic 
partnership during the visit of Prime  Minister Modi to Malaysia in 2015, since then, due  to the 
subsequent high -level engagements the two countries are witnessing growing engagements in all 
aspects of bilateral relationship, including political, economic trade, defence , security, tourism,  
education , and health, to name a few . Malaysia is also  home  to the second largest Indian diaspora 
after the United  States.  
4.213.   Trade and economic cooperation are the key pillars of our expanding and comprehensive 
ties. The Bilateral Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA)  covering goods, 
services , and investment has been in effect since 2011, trade between both countries for the year 
2021-2022 stands at about USD 20 billion and it is steadily growing after witnessing a dip  the 
previous year due to the COVID -19 pandemic. Malaysia is the 13th largest tr ading partner of India 
and the  3rd largest in the ASEAN region. The bilateral investment flows are also gradually increasing, 
Indian companies have made significant investments in Malaysia covering over 250  manufacturing 
projects . Overall , we are upbeat  about the potential for expanding our trade and economic ties . 
4.214.   As noted in the Secretariat's Report , before the pandemic, Malaysia's diversified economy 
delivered sustained growth  on the back of a strong policy framework, due to the COVID -19 pandemi c 
Malaysia's economy , too, faced slowdown . We have noted Malaysia's initiatives to tackle the 
challenges of combat ting the pandemic and setting  the path of  steady economic recovery . We take 
note of the 12th Malaysia  Plan 2021 -25, which is considered transf ormational  and designed to inject 
fundamental reforms to alter the  development trajectory of Malaysia.  
4.215.   My delegation has submitted several advanced written questions covering diverse areas of 
trade in good s, services, SPS  and TBT related issues, trade  facilitation, to name a few. We look 
forward to reviewing the responses from Malaysia to these questions posed by my delegation . 
4.216.   Before I conclude, I would like to say that we loo k forward to working closely with the 
Government of Malaysia for further expandi ng and harnessing the potential of our trade and 
investment ties for our mutual benefit . Malaysia has also been an active Member at the WTO and 
the participant  in the work across the full WTO agenda . We look forward to working with Malaysia in WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
- 32 - 
 
  ensuring balanced outcomes in both the ongoing negotiations as well as in the regular work in 
various WTO bodies.   
4.217.   We wish the delegation of Malaysia a productive and successful Trade Policy Review . 
PAKISTAN  
4.218.   Pakistan wishes to warmly welcome the Malaysian delegation led by H.E. Datuk Isham Ishak , 
Secretary General Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Malaysia at this eighth Trade Policy 
Review . Pakistan also extends appreciation to the Secretariat 's for its work in preparing Report for 
this review.  
4.219.   While we wish to convey thanks to H.E.  Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy  for his insightful 
remarks in leading the discussion at this review, we also express sorrow over the loss of lives 
following the deadly earthq uake in Türkiye . 
4.220.   Pakistan wishes to commend Malaysia for its sound economic policy resulting in an 
impressive economic growth and especially for bouncing back rapidly after the pandemic. Malaysia 's 
structured approach to its growth though its Eleventh and now the Twelfth Plan, are to be credited 
for this sustained growth.  
4.221.   At WTO, Malaysia has always been an important and active Member. It has been among the 
co-sponsor of the TRIPS waiver to allow the equitable access to vaccine, therapeutics, and 
diagnostic s for COVID -19. We commend the active role of Malaysia at the WTO through its Geneva 
Mission under the leadership of Permanent Representative H.E . Syahril Syazli Ghazali.  
4.222.   Malaysia 's progress over the years is exemplary for developing countries considering how 
well integrated Malaysia is in the world trade and also how it has expanded its services sector to 
account for 58.3% of its GDP by 2025 as set under the Twelfth Malaysia Plan.  
4.223.   We wish to applaud the targeted actions taken by Malaysia during  the period under review 
and appreciate the strides made in subsequence of:  
• trade facilitation ; 
• digitalization;  
• amendment of the Competition Act 2010 and its alignment with international best practices ;  
• launch of National Anti-Corruption Plan (NACP) ; and  
• Malaysia 's progress in area of intellectual property (IP) in the form of new Trademarks 
Act 2019 and Geographical Indications Act 2022 together with amendments to the Patents 
Act 1983 and the Copyright Act 1987.  
4.224.   Pakistan and Malaysia share strong economic and diplomatic ties, underscored by the 
economic partnership agreement since January  2008, under which Pakistan hopes to deepen 
collaboration and to keep exploring new avenues of trade and mutual interests.  
4.225.   We wish to reg ister that Pakistan sent some questions to Malaysia to further deepen our 
understanding on some of Malaysia 's trade policies and are looking forward to receiving the 
responses.  
4.226.   In the end Chair, we wish to Malaysia every success in this TPR and hope it pro vides Malaysia 
with further inputs to reach its ambitious objective to become a high -income country.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  UNITED  STATES  
4.227.   I would like to take this opportunity to convey our sincere condolences for the loss of life in 
Türkiye and express our support for the citiz ens of Türkiye  at this very difficult time.  
4.228.   The United  States is pleased to welcome Datuk  Isham  Ishak, and the other members of the 
Malaysian delegation today.  
4.229.   The United  States enjoys a robust economic cooperation with Malaysia, including under the 
2004 US-Malaysia Trade and Investment Framework Agreement. In 2022, the United  States, 
Malaysia, and 12 other partners launched the Indo -Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF). The IPEF 
aims to advance resilience, sustainability, inclusiveness, economic growth, fai rness, and 
competitiveness for our economies. Through this initiative, the IPEF partners aim to contribute to 
cooperation, stability, prosperity, development, and peace within the region.  
4.230.   As countries work together to recover fully from the pandemic, the United  States appreciates 
Malaysia 's shared enthusiasm to implement policies aimed at promoting sustainable, resilient, and 
inclusive economic growth throughout the region. During the five -year period of this review, the 
Government has implemented trade policy reforms towards making a meaningful difference in the 
lives of Malaysian workers.  
4.231.   As highlighted in the Government Report and further elaborated upon by the Secretary  
General this morning, Malaysia has made important  progress in updating its laws on labour  reform, 
including the ratification of the ILO Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, amendments 
to the Employment Act, and amendments to Employee 's Minimum Standards of Housing and 
Amenities Act. We would  welcome an opportunity to hear more about these reforms here in the  WTO, 
recognizing the importance of employment and labour  policies as an integral part of the multilateral 
trading system. We commend Malaysia 's significant efforts to date and encourage M alaysia to 
continue its efforts to strengthen worker rights, and to address and eradicate forced labour .  
4.232.   Malaysia has also undertaken common -sense initiatives to fortify its WTO commitments and 
provide clear and tangible benefits to traders. Such efforts include ongoing reform of the overall 
regulatory framework as well as specific initiatives to streamline burdensome non -tariff measures 
and processes for export and import permits We were impressed to read that Malaysia had reviewed 
over 400  non-tariff mea sures so far, and would be interested to learn more about Malaysia 's 
experience in reducing burdensome regulations and processes and more details regarding the 
outcome of that Review.  
4.233.   We welcome Malaysia 's accession to the Madrid Protocol and Budapest Trea ty. We encourage 
Malaysia to continue its efforts to review legislation and ensure a robust intellectual property system 
to advance a dynamic and innovative economy.  
4.234.   Our written questions reflect our interest in understanding Malaysia 's trade policy regim e in 
a number of areas, including industrial policy, trade remedy, import licensing, subsidies, SPS, TBT, 
environment, services, intellectual property, among others. We appreciate Malaysia 's responses, 
which will facilitate our further economic cooperation . 
4.235.   Following Malaysia 's national elections in November  2022, we note the new government 's 
economic priorities and encourage Malaysia to continue to adopt trade and investment policies that 
spur an open, competitive, transparent, and inclusive economic envir onment. The United  States 
looks forward to continuing our strong cooperation with Malaysia here at the WTO; bilaterally; and 
in ASEAN, APEC, and IPEF.  
SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU  
4.236.   First of all, we extend our deepest condol ences to families and communities affected by the 
devastating earthquake in Türkiye recently.  
4.237.   The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu would like to welcome 
the delegation of Malaysia, led by Mr  Datuk Isham  Ishak, to its eighth Trade Policy Review. I would 
also like to express my appreciation to Malaysia for its comprehensive Government Report, and WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  thank the discussant, Ambassador Mr  Alparslan A carsoy  of Türkiye, for his insightful discussion, and 
the WTO Sec retariat for its excellent Report.  
4.238.   Malaysia plays an important role in world trade and global economy. Its economy maintained 
stable and resilient even during the COVID -19 pandemic. Although the economy was affected by the 
pandemic in 2020, Malaysia naviga ted the impact of the pandemic comparatively well, with GDP 
growth of approximately 3.1% in 2021. Malaysia currently is the 8th largest economy in Asia, and 
is expected to become a high -income economy between 2024 and 2028. We therefore commend 
Malaysia 's approaches adopted to deal with the pandemic and to support its people and business.  
4.239.   Malaysia plays a proactive role in the WTO. With regards to its transparency commitments, 
Malaysia has registered some important notifications on TBT and SPS which attest its recognition of 
the significance of transparency. However, we have also noticed that some of its notifications remain 
outstanding, such as those on agriculture, state trading enterprises and the obligation under 
Article  III:3 of the GATS. We therefore e ncourage Malaysia to make efforts to fulfil its notification 
obligations in these areas. On its participation in the WTO negotiations, Malaysia has joined the Joint 
Statement Initiatives on electronic commerce, investment facilitation for development, and MSMEs. 
We applaud its active engagements in these initiatives. We also understand that Malaysia has been 
an observer of the Committee on Government Procurement (CGP) since 2012. The Agreement on 
Government Procurement (GPA) provides a useful tool for optim izing value for money, good 
governance and trade objectives in the government procurement sector. We look forward to 
Malaysia 's accession in the not -too-distant future.  
4.240.   Bilaterally, we are Malaysia 's important investment and trading partner in Asia. We ran ked 
as Malaysia 's fifth largest trading partner, while Malaysia was our seven th largest trading partner 
in 2022. We were also Malaysia 's 10th largest source of foreign direct investment in 2022, with 
accumulated investment reaching nearly US D 14 billion to  date. Our businesses have started up 
approximately 1,750  companies in Malaysia. Several renowned high -tech companies have 
announced plans to make their strategic moves to Malaysia. For example, our largest warehousing 
infrastructure developer Ally Logisti c Property, as well as our innovative cloud IT infrastructure 
provider Wiwynn Corporation, were both set to invest in Malaysia in 2022. As Malaysia strives to 
implement its National Policy on Industry 4.0, our expertise and experience in ICT industry can 
surely serve as a basis for a mutually beneficial partnership and assist Malaysia to achieve its policy 
goal. We look forward to further strengthening our bilateral economic cooperation in the future.  
4.241.   We would like to thank Malaysia in advance for its response to our written question. Finally, 
we wish Malaysia a productive and successful Trade Policy Review . 
ARGENTINA  
4.242.   First of all, Argentina wishes to express its solidarity with the people and Governmen t of 
Türkiye following the recent disaster.  
4.243.   We would like to join other Members in welcoming the delegation of Malaysia, led by 
H.E. Datuk Isham Ishak, Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and 
would like to convey our appreciation to our colleagues at the Permanent Mission of Malaysia in 
Geneva for their excellent work.  
4.244.   We thank Malaysia and the Secretariat for the reports prepared, as well as 
H.E. Ambassador  Alparslan Acarsoy of Türkiye for his comments. These elements  have provided us 
with information to deepen our understanding of Malaysia's trade practices and economic 
environment.  
4.245.   Malaysia is one of Argentina's leading trading partners, with whom we maintain excellent 
political relations and a prosperous trading rel ationship. In 2021, Argentina was the second biggest 
Latin American exporter to Malaysia. Over the past three years, bilateral trade has grown 
considerably. In 2022, trade flows were estimated to have risen by around USD  2 billion, resulting 
in a surplus f or Argentina.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.246.   We export agricultural raw materials to Malaysia, foods and inputs for the food industry. We 
import from Malaysia mainly manufactures of industrial origin, fuels, oils, and distillation products 
thereof.  
4.247.   Argentina is convinced that, with the commitment of both States, bilateral trade can continue 
to be enhanced to the benefit of the Malaysian and Argentinian people.  
4.248.   Regarding Malaysia's economic environment, we recognize the challenges posed by the 
pandemic. The data indicates that in 2020, it s economy shrunk by 5.5% of real GDP. We applaud 
the efforts made by the Government to steer the country back onto the path of growth. These efforts 
are clearly reflected in Malaysia's macroeconomic statistics. After a challenging year, the country's 
real GDP increased by 3.1% in 2021.  
4.249.   Also worth mentioning are the many efforts made by the Government to transform Malaysia's 
economy. Argentina wishes to highlight the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (2021 -2025), through which 
Malaysia will become a high -income country,  a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions economy, and a 
socially inclusive country. Malaysia is still facing various challenges in achieving its objectives, but 
we are convinced that with the right policies, these challenges can be overcome.  
4.250.   Argentina greatly appreciates Malaysia's contributions to the rules -based multilateral trading 
system and its active and constructive participation in the activities and bodies of this Organization. 
We wish to highlight in particular the multilateral efforts it has undertak en to pursue the process of 
reform of agricultural trade, as a member of the Cairns Group, and its growing participation in the 
negotiations on e -commerce and investment facilitation, as well as the Informal Working Group on 
Trade and Gender.  
4.251.   We also appre ciate that Malaysia actively submits notifications on various issues addressed 
by the WTO, and we hope that this trend will continue to grow.  
4.252.   Lastly, in the context of this Trade Policy Review, we have submitted a set of questions to 
Malaysia on its tariff  lines and halal certification, among others. We  thank Malaysia in advance for 
the replies, which will be duly examined by our colleagues in Buenos  Aires.  
4.253.   While reiterating our gratitude for this new opportunity to exchange comments on Malaysia's 
trade pra ctices, we would like to draw attention once again to the importance of this exercise in 
transparency from every point of view, and to wish the Malaysian authorities a successful conclusion 
to this Review.  
KAZAKHSTAN  
4.254.   First, let me express my heartfelt cond olences and deepest sympathy to the brotherly people 
of Türkiye over the tragic earthquake that took place in the south -eastern part of the country.  
4.255.   Kazakhstan warmly welcomes the delegation of Malaysia led by Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, 
Secretary General of the  Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Malaysia. We express our 
gratitude to the Government of Malaysia for their informative Report and statement. We also thank 
Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy (Türkiye) for his insightful comments as a discussant a nd the WTO 
Secretariat for its comprehensive Report.  
4.256.   Kazakhstan enjoys fruitful bilateral cooperation with Malaysia and attaches high importance 
to further deepening economic and trade relations.  
4.257.   In 2022, our bilateral merchandise trade volume increased b y 40% despite the challenges 
in a global economy and constituted USD 145 million.  
4.258.   Aside from trade, the volume of direct investments from Malaysia to Kazakhstan over the 
past 30  years has exceeded USD 1 billion into sectors such as oil and gas, constructi on, 
infrastructure development, green energy , and digital technologies. Moreover, several Malaysian 
enterprises successfully operate within the Astana International Financial Centre.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.259.   We commend the Government of Malaysia for implementing an ambitious refor m agenda 
since its last Review. Particularly we emphasize the Twelfth Malaysian Plan for 2021 -2025, which is 
aimed at resetting the economy, improving well -being and inclusivity. The 2021 Digital Economy 
Blueprint focused on transforming Malaysia into a di gitally -driven, high -income nation and ultimately 
becoming a regional leader in the digital economy is also commendable.  
4.260.   Kazakhstan also welcomes the ongoing comprehensive reforms initiated by the Malaysia 
under the "National Trade Blueprint" launched in 2021 to increase Malaysia's trade competitiveness 
through an improved business ecosystem and enhance Malaysia's position as an exporting country.  
4.261.   We believe that these efforts will contribute to the sustainable and resilient economic growth 
of Malaysia and help to achieve its transition from an upper middle -income economy to a 
high-income economy by 2024, as stated in the World  Bank's report.  
4.262.   From the multilateral trading perspective, we welcome Malaysia's full implementation of its 
TFA commitme nts within the review period and its hard work on the successful implementation of 
the trade facilitation measures by streamlining customs procedures through its National Single 
Window, Self -Certification Scheme and Customs Transit System.  
4.263.   At the same time , we would like to inform that Kazakhstan submitted questions regarding 
certain trade policies of Malaysia on export subsidies and local content, as well as TBT -related 
measures. We are looking forward to receiving Malaysia's responses and constructive dis cussion on 
these issues.  
4.264.   In conclusion, we would like to congratulate the delegation of Malaysia and the WTO 
Secretariat for the hard work and efforts that went into preparing for this TPR. We also would like 
to express our appreciation to Ambassador Syahr il Syazli Ghazali and his team in Geneva.  
4.265.   We wish the delegation of the Malaysia every success for their eighth Trade Policy Review.  
INDONESIA ON BEHALF OF THE ASEAN  
4.266.   Indonesia is making this statement on behalf of ASEAN.  It is a great pleasure to warmly 
welcome the delegation from Malaysia led by Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of the 
Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Malaysia to their eighth Trade Policy Review. We 
thank the Government of Malaysia an d the WTO Secretariat for the comprehensive Reports, as well 
as H.E. Ambassador Alparslan A carsoy  of Türkiye  for his role as discussant.  
4.267.   Indeed, as one of the founding fathers of ASEAN, Malaysia has played a crucial role in 
facilitating and shaping the ove rall development and progress of ASEAN. Malaysia 's trading 
relationship with other ASEAN member States is going strong ever since. In 2021, trade with ASEAN 
member States was accounts for 26% of Malaysia's total trade with the world.  
4.268.   ASEAN member States w elcome Malaysia's consistent efforts in promoting trade 
liberalization and modernization. These efforts will certainly encourage and increase intra -ASEAN 
trade, contributing to the regional economic integration objectives of the ASEAN Economic 
Community.  
4.269.   Malaysia and ASEAN member States have cooperated at different levels and in various areas. 
In addition to ASEAN FTA and ASEAN Plus FTAs, Malaysia has made a positive contribution in the 
negotiation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) A greement, which entered 
into force for Malaysia on 18 March  2022.  
4.270.   ASEAN takes note of the commendable performance of Malaysia's economy since its last 
Trade Policy Review in 2018. Malaysia 's economy has been transformed into one of the strongest, 
most dive rsified, and fastest -growing countries in Southeast Asia. Alongside its primary production, 
such as rubber, palm oil, petroleum, and natural gas, Malaysia has also successfully developed 
export -oriented manufacturing to fuel its economic growth.  
4.271.   Malaysia 's real GDP growth has been strong and on its targeted growth trajectory. The 
Malaysian economy demonstrated well its resilience despite continued uncertainties and challenges WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  in the global environment, including the COVID -19 pandemic. While recording an average GDP 
growth of 1.6% during the period of 2018 -2021, in 2021, Malaysia 's external trade surpassed 
MYR 2 trillion for the first time and recorded the fastest growth since 1994.  
4.272.   In ensuring the stability of its economic growth, ASEAN notes  the innovative economic policy 
of Malaysia, such as the Twelfth Malaysia Plan, 2021 -2025, which renews the Eleventh Malaysia 
Plan; the National Fourth Industrial Revolution Policy; and the National Trade Blueprint.  
4.273.   ASEAN also commends Malaysia for its str ong commitment to the multilateral trading 
system, including its contribution and constructive involvement in several areas of work and 
negotiations at the WTO.  
4.274.   Last but not least, several ASEAN member States in WTO have submitted written questions 
to Mal aysia and we would like to express our appreciation in advance to Malaysia 's written responses.  
4.275.   Finally, we would also like to thank the Malaysian delegation for their constructive 
engagement, and commend the contribution of H.E.  Ambassador Syahril Syazli Ghazali and 
members of the Malaysian Permanent Mission in Geneva for their hard work. We wish Malaysia a 
successful eighth  Trade Policy Review.  
INDONESIA  
4.276.   First of all, Indonesia extends deepest sympathies and condolences to the Government and 
the people of  Türkiye, we stand in full solidarity with the Government and the people of Türkiye in 
facing this difficult time.  
4.277.   Indonesia warmly welcomes t he Malaysian delegation  Mr Datuk Isham Ishak, Secretary 
General of the Malaysian Ministry of International Trade a nd Industry, as well as the Ambassador 
Syahril Syazli Ghazali. We thank Malaysia for its comprehensive Government Report and statement. 
We would also like to express our appreciation to the Chair Ambassador Didier Chambovey 
(Switzerland ), the discussant Am bassador Alparslan Acarsoy (Türkiye), as well as the Secretariat for 
their insightful Reports and statements.  
4.278.   Malaysia is a significant trade and investment partner, as well as a close friend for Indonesia. 
Even though there is  not a consistent pattern in the two -way trade between the two countries, 
Indonesia has maintained a trade surplus since 2018 with trend at 50.79% over the previous five 
years. Malaysia is also the fifth largest importer of services, particularly in the areas of travel, 
telecommunicat ions, transportation, other services, and other business services.  
4.279.   As the Secretariat Report notes, Malaysia is a strong supporter of multilateral cooperation 
and remains actively engaged at the WTO. The Report also points out that Malaysia remains an 
upper middle -income country expected to become a high -income economy between 2024 and 2028, 
and one of the most open economies in the world.  
4.280.   In addition, we acknowledge Malaysia 's efforts to reform the direction of its development 
policy through the Twelfth M alaysia Plan  2021-2025, in order to ensure an inclusive and meaningful 
socio-economic  development towards a more prosperous society. This policy also is an effort to 
address the difficult situation brought on by the COVID -19 pandemic. Indonesia shares Malaysia's 
view that trade, along with the WTO's non -discrimination and transparency principles, promotes 
stability, security, and predictability in the conduct of trade, as well as benefits for investors and 
traders.  
4.281.   This is even more important in the face of adversity, including the impact of the COVID -19 
pandemic on food security. We must work together to overcome these challenges. In this regard, 
Malaysia and Indonesia are on the same page, supporting WTO reform efforts, as well as being a 
strong  advocate of the multilateral trading system and advocates for finding permanent solutions to 
the issue of public agricultural commodity stocks.  
4.282.   During the review period, Malaysia made a number of commitments to regional integration 
through ASEAN -Hong Kong, China FTA, which was signed in March  2018; the Regional 
Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement, which entered into force WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  on 1 January  2022; and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific 
Partnership (CPTPP), which became e ffective for Malaysia on 29  November  2022.  
4.283.   In the area of intellectual property, we applaud Malaysia 's progress on acceding to important 
intellectual property treaties, such as the Madrid Protocol, the Marrakesh VIP Treaty, and the 
Budapest Treaty.  
4.284.   During  this TPR, Indonesia looks forward to learn ing more about Malaysia's import 
prohibitions, restrictions, and licensing policy. Specifically, we would appreciate more information 
regarding the rationale behind and the connections between certain products tha t are prohibited 
from being imported or transported through Malaysia and the protection of human health or safety, 
the environment, or on religious grounds. We also anticipate learning more about the New Open 
AP Policy, which indicated that domestically pr oduced vehicles in Malaysia are treated differently 
from imported vehicles.  
4.285.   Indonesia values Malaysia as a significant partner, including in the automotive sector, given 
that Malaysia is an export destination country for Indonesian motorcycles. The propose d New Open 
AP policy may result in increased production costs or even a decline in Indonesia's exports to 
Malaysia. We look forward to continuing to collaborate with Malaysia in our efforts to increase and 
sustain trade.  
4.286.   We appreciate and look forward to M alaysia's written responses to our questions.  
MAURITIUS  
4.287.   I take this opportunity to express our deepest sympathy to the Turkish people for the loss 
of lives and the massive damages caused by the earthquakes this week which are among the largest 
and deadlies t in decades.  
4.288.   We welcome the delegation of Malaysia led by Mr Datuk Isham Ishak, Secretary General of 
the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.  
4.289.   We commend the Government of Malaysia for undertaking this important transparency 
exercise, in line with  the WTO 's requirements, and thank Datuk  Isham for highlighting the salient 
features of trade and trade related policy measures taken by the country during the period under 
review. We also thank the Secretariat for its Report as well as Ambassador Acarsoy,  today 's 
discussant for his insightful remarks that has set the stage for the review exercise.  
4.290.   Malaysia is indeed one of the most open economies in the world and this openness has played 
a key role in job creation and income growth. We were pleased to note  that the Malaysian economy 
is expected to bounce back with GDP growth in 2022 expected to be between 5.3 % and 6.3%. This 
is highly commendable especially as many Members are still reeling from the fallout of the COVID -19 
pandemic.  
4.291.   Mauritius congratulates Malaysia for its development driven policies and initiatives to 
digitali ze and moderni ze its economy in view of becoming a high -income country. We are impressed 
by the contribution of around 22% by the digital economy to the country 's GDP, thanks to the 
implementation of the Digital Economy Blueprint.  
4.292.   Malaysia 's manufacturing sector is also remarkable and the government policies for the 
adoption of new technologies is testimony to the intent of the country to maintain the sector 
competi tive and resilient. We, nonetheless, request Malaysia to consider reducing its regulatory 
discretionary powers, especially for the service s sector, including financial services. Mauritius being 
an international financial services centre in the African regi on would welcome the opportunity to 
team up with Malaysia towards the implementation of the Malaysian financial sector blueprint 
2022-2026. Closer cooperation between our two countries in this field could help bridge investment 
between the Africa and Asia.  
4.293.   With respect to intellectual property rights, we are glad to note that Malaysia is also 
moderni zing its IP regulatory framework and has joined the Madrid Protocol, the Marrakesh Treaty, WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  and the Budapest Treaty. Mauritius has itself identified IP as being a crucial in our efforts to transform 
our industries for more value -added services and products.  
4.294.   We also commend the Malaysian authorities for working with the relevant international 
organi zations in their effort to enhancing the work environment, includin g the strengthening of 
worker 's rights and the eradication of forced labour. We are also pleased to note the country 's 
continued commitment in ensuring women and youth empowerment.  
4.295.   Mauritius and Malaysia enjoy excellent relations. As an example of socio -economic 
development and stability, Malaysia is a popular destination for tourists, students, and professionals 
from Mauritius. However, while trade exchange between our two countries has consistently increased 
over the years, the balance remains highly skew ed in favour of our Malaysian friends. We encourage 
Malaysia to further consolidate and strengthen its trade and investment relations with Mauritius. For 
instance, we could cooperate in various fields, such as industrial development, tourism, financial 
services, and education.  
4.296.   In conclusion, we look forward to working in collaboration with the Malaysian delegation in 
advancing the interests of developing countries at the WTO, including on reforms and fisheries 
subsidy negotiations as well as in the joint st atement initiatives on e -commerce and investment 
facilitation.  
4.297.   We wish Malaysia a successful Review.  
FIJI 
4.298.   Fiji welcomes the delegation of Malaysia to its eighth Trade Policy Review led by Mr  Datuk 
Isham Ishak, Secretary General  of Ministry of International  Trade and Industry of Malaysia and we 
the thank the delegation for its detailed Report. We also acknowledge the WTO Secretariat 's efforts 
in the compilation of its Report and thank them for their hard work . We commend the discussant 
Ambassador Alparslan A carsoy  of Türkiye for his thorough review of the Report and take this 
opportunity to extend Fiji 's sincere condolences to the Government of Türkiye for the loss of life and 
extensive damage caused by the recent earthquake in Türkiye.  
4.299.   Malaysia 's economic de velopment and progress has been significant for the international 
community generally, but particularly for the ASEAN region, with their flow on benefits and impacts 
on small economies or small island developing states like Fiji in the Pacific region.  
4.300.   Malaysia 's strong economic standing is commendable, one which Fiji has been following with 
interest. It was the reason Fiji established formal diplomatic relations with Malaysia in 1977, seven  
years after Fiji gained independence.  
4.301.   Two-way trade between Ma laysia and Fiji have grown steadily over the years. Recent studies 
peg two -way trade at around USD 109.5  million. At present, Malaysia is Fiji 's 26th largest trading 
partner but our hope is to improve that ranking by increasing both exports and imports bet ween our 
countries.  
4.302.   Fiji is keen to grow its bilateral and economic relationship with Malaysia, to cover all sectors.  
4.303.   On tourism, although our tourism exchange has grown, with total earnings at around 
USD 3.2 million from Malaysian tourists, we know that will expand further with stronger air links 
facilitated by Fiji 's local airline, Fiji Airways, via Singapore.  
4.304.   On investment, we are keen to expand the current average of two projects per  year of 
Malaysian investment in Fiji, in the coming years. FDI flows from Malaysia to Fiji amounted to 
USD 6.7 million in the last reporting period. To enhance investment efforts, an Export Acceleration 
Mission (EAM) between our two countries was initiated in June  2019, on the eve of the global 
pandemic. That event triggere d a matchmaking exercise to establish compatibilities between our 
private sector companies that we intend to grow further.  
4.305.   We commend the Malaysian economic model, such as the Eleventh Malaysia Plan 
(2016 -2020) and the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (2021 -2025), b oth in framework and in the WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  Government 's effort in materializing those plans to bring about robust economic advancement. The 
inclusion of technology innovation and accelerants, enhancing connectivity and transport 
infrastructure, as well as improving the s tandard of living to achieve a balanced and sustainable 
growth for the Malaysian people, are noteworthy and instructive for our own national development.  
4.306.   Looking ahead, Fiji will work closely with Malaysia through our respective government 
agencies and pri vate sector partnerships to grow our bilateral and economic relationship. We will 
also maintain the positive engagement we enjoy with the Malaysian delegation here in Geneva and 
at other multilateral for a.  
4.307.   We wish the Malaysian delegation every success fo r its Review.  
SWITZERLAND  
4.308.   On behalf of Switzerland, I would like to join previous speakers in welcoming to this TPR 
Malaysia 's delegation led by H.E.  Dr Datuk Isham Ishak – Secretary General of the Ministry of 
International Trade and Industry. A warm welcome also to H.E.  Ambassador Syahril Syazli Ghazali. 
I am furthermore grateful to the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy  from Türkiye , and 
to the Secretariat for their substantive contributions.  
4.309.   On behalf of Switzerland, I would also like to  take this opportunity to express our sorrow 
and convey our sincere condolences to the people of Türkiye , who are currently going through tragic 
circumstances.  
4.310.   Malaysia is indeed an important WTO  Member with which Switzerland is constantly 
strengthening i ts trade relations. Malaysia is Switzerland 's sixth trading partner in Southeast Asia, 
with bilateral trade amounting to CHF  2.3 billion. While imports from Switzerland to Malaysia 
increased by 2% in 2022, Malaysia's exports to Switzerland rose by almost 1 0%. Switzerland and 
EFTA partners are also negotiating an economic partnership agreement with Malaysia and hope to 
conclude it soon.  
4.311.   Switzerland did not submit any questions to Malaysia at this iteration of its Trade Policy 
Review but we are most thankful  for the excellent Reports from the Secretariat and the Malaysian 
authorities and keen to listen to the discussions today.  
4.312.   We closely observe Malaysia 's active and productive trade policy. In addition of  being a 
constructive WTO Member, we note and commen d that Malaysia, since the last Trade Policy Review, 
has ratified several trade agreements, including the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, 
as well as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership. We also note 
Malays ia's full implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, certainly a model for many 
other WTO Members to follow. Furthermore, let me underscore Malaysia 's accession to various 
instruments in the area of intellectual property. We would also like co mmend Malaysia on its active 
participation in the Joint Statement Initiatives on e -commerce, investment facilitation for 
development, and MSMEs. This underlines Malaysia 's commitment to open and rules -based trade, a 
commitment Switzerland deeply shares wit h Malaysia. We also encourage the Malaysian authorities 
to build up on its observer status at the Committee on Government Procurement to further 
appreciate the benefits of acceding to the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) and how it 
can support the do mestic reform process.  
4.313.   Turning to the broader economic context, the effects of the COVID -19 pandemic cannot  be 
overlooked. The fact that Malaysia 's economy managed to return to its strong growth path already 
in 2021 is very impressive. We note that the bal anced fiscal situation has allowed Malaysia to adopt 
measures to provide relief after the onset of the crisis. The current challenges of inflation, growing 
inequality and unemployment are shared by many WTO Members, and we wish Malaysia the best of 
success  at tackling these issues.  
4.314.   We also commend Malaysia 's ambition to become, as stated under the Twelfth Malaysia Plan, 
a carbon -neutral economy. Without commitment from the highest political level, WTO Members will 
not succeed in meeting the goals of the Par is Agreement, and we hope Malaysia can follow through 
on this commitment, which is a challenge for all Members.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.315.   Sustainability issues more broadly are of key importance to realize the goals of an inclusive 
trade policy. Vegetable oils are the main agricult ural export commodity in Malaysia, and Switzerland 
in particular welcomes and keenly follows Malaysia 's efforts to strengthen the sustainability of the 
palm oil sector.  
4.316.   To conclude, let me underscore once again the excellent cooperation Switzerland enjoys with 
Malaysia in many WTO work streams and our shared commitment to finding cooperative solutions 
to global problems. We hope that Malaysia will be able to continue on its rapid path of growth and 
take the necessary reform steps to address the current chal lenges, both economic and with regard 
to meeting the goals of sustainable development. We wish Malaysia a successful continuation of the 
Trade Policy Review . 
URUGUAY  
4.317.   Firstly, we would like to express our condolences to the Government and people of Türkiye 
for the loss of human life caused by the recent earthquakes.  
4.318.   Uruguay wishes to extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Malaysia, led by 
Mr Datuk  Isham Ishak, Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and 
thank him fo r his presentation on the occasion of Malaysia's eighth  Trade Policy Review. We are also 
grateful to the Secretariat for its comprehensive Report and to Ambassador Alparslan Acarsoy, for 
his demonstrative interpretation of the Review.  
4.319.   At the bilateral leve l, trade between our countries remains steady, although there is much 
potential for growth, especially in the high -quality food sector. Our main exports come from the 
dairy industry and wood -based products. We observed an interesting trade flow in the meat  industry 
up to 2018, and we intend to revive this trade as soon as possible. We urge Malaysia to expedite 
the processes of sanitary and phytosanitary authorizations, as well as halal certification, so as to 
guarantee a suitable supply of foods on its mark et. 
4.320.   Our imports are mainly petroleum products and products from the light industry, which have 
stabilized considerably with time.  
4.321.   At the multilateral level, we both agree that the WTO plays a key role in the rules -based 
multilateral trading system. This pr ovides us with the certainty needed to ensure that the 
agreements of this Organization remain relevant and up to the task of meeting global challenges.  
4.322.   We have worked together on the implementation of the commitments made at 
the 12th Ministerial Conference  (the "Geneva Package"), on the implementation of the Agreement to 
prevent subsidies for illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, as well on agriculture, and on all 
issues related to addressing the COVID -19 pandemic and on WTO reform.  
4.323.   We appreciate Mal aysia's efforts and flexibility to be co -sponsors of the package of 
recommendations and statements of the Informal Working group on MSMEs in 2020, aimed at 
increasing the participation of small and medium -sized enterprises in international trade. We observ e 
Malaysia's development of digitalization initiatives, such as the MalaysiaBiz, to broaden access to 
markets, as well as the establishment of a roadmap for the ecosystem of start -ups and MY  Startup. 
We encourage Malaysia to pursue its efforts to fully imp lement the set of recommendations. We are 
counting on its support to continue achieving results in the Informal Working Group on MSMEs, 
bringing its experiences and topics of interest to bear in view of the 13th Ministerial Conference.  
4.324.   The WTO is a multila teral organization and MSMEs are a global issue. We need the voice and 
input of Members in the Informal Group on this topic in order to enhance the development of critical 
mass and good practices.  
4.325.   We offer them our best wishes for a successful Trade Policy  Review . WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  CAMBODIA  
4.326.   First let me join other delegations to extend my deep condolences to Türkiye people for the 
loss caused by the recent earthquake destruction.  
4.327.   Cambodia associates itself with the ASEAN statement made by Indonesia. My delegation is 
pleased  to participate in the eighth  Trade Policy Review of Malaysia and warmly welcome s the 
delegation of Malaysia, led by H .E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General Ministry of 
International Trade and Industry of Malaysia.  
4.328.   Our special thanks also go the discussant, Ambassador H.E.  Mr Alparslan A carsoy  of Türkiye, 
for his insightful and constructive remarks. We appreciate the Reports prepared by the TPR 
Secretariat and the Government of Malaysia, which outline recent developments in their respective 
trade policies and practices.  
4.329.   Cambodia wishes to congratulate Malaysia for maintaining remarkable economic growth and 
predictable trade policy framework, despite the C OVID -19 pandemic and global challenges.  
4.330.   Bilaterally, Cambodia and Malaysia have enjoyed a stron g and highly complementary 
economic relationship through evolving bilateral and regional integration initiatives such as the 
ASEAN and ASEAN plus mechanisms.  
4.331.   In terms of economic tie s, Malaysia is an important trade and investment partner for 
Cambodia. Bi lateral Cambodia -Malaysia trade in 2022 has increased by 20.26% to reach 
USD 602.37  million compared to US D 500.86  million in 2021. In terms of investment, Malaysia 
investors have been a driving force since the 1990s in Cambodia, considered first -generatio n 
investors when Cambodia opened to international trade and began rebuilding its economy. Malaysia 
is the third largest investor in Cambodia with FDI worth US D 3.53 billion from 1994 -2020, just 
behind China and the Republic of Korea. Malaysia 's investments  are mainly in the banking and 
finance, telecommunications, agriculture, power generation, information, and communication 
technology (ICT), hotel and real estates, and entertainment sectors.  
4.332.   We also acknowledge the essential role and contribution of Malays ia in the WTO multilateral 
trading system and regional trade arrangements especially within the ASEAN framework.  
4.333.   Finally,  we commit to working closely with Malaysia especially delegation of the Malaysia in 
Geneva to strengthen our good cooperation for econ omic prosperity and sustainable development. 
We wish Malaysia a successful conclusion of its eighth TPR.  
KYRGYZ  REPUBLIC  
4.334.   First of all, I would like to take this opportunity to express Kyrgyz  Republic's deepest 
condolences to the brotherly people of Türkiye  for the losses caused by the devastating earthquakes 
that took place this week.  
4.335.   The Kyrgyz  Republic warmly welcomes the delegation of Malaysia on the eighth  Trade Policy 
Review led by H .E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak , Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade 
and Industry of Malaysia.  
4.336.   We would like to thank the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Malaysia for preparing 
such comprehensive and detailed Trade Policy Review Reports. We would also like to t hank the 
discussant, H.E.  Mr Alparslan  Acarsoy , Permanent Representative of Türkiye  to the WTO for his 
insightful comments.  
4.337.   Since the beginning of its membership to the WTO Malaysia has demonstrated highest 
dedication to WTO rules and, as it has been said in TPR of 2018, has convincingly shown its 
commitment to trade liberalization under the multilateral trading system centred  on the WTO.  
4.338.   Among many othe r successful steps on the WTO platform are acceptance of Trade Facilitation 
Agreement and Protocol Amending the TRIPS  Agreement . WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.339.   The diplomatic relations between the Kyrgyz  Republic and Malaysia were established in 1992. 
For the period of trade and economi c relations, Malaysia became a reliable trading partner for the 
Kyrgyz  Republic.  
4.340.   Regular official visits of high delegations of both countries on a mutual basis have created 
favourable  conditions for discussions strengthening the potential of trade and in vestment 
cooperation between the two countries.  
4.341.   Our countries have discussed in different platforms a wide range of issues on further 
expansion of cooperation between the Kyrgyz  Republic and Malaysia, where the Malaysian party is 
informed about trade and e conomic opportunities of the Kyrgyz  Republic, as well as actual issues of 
regional and international issues of mutual interest.  
4.342.   Partly, due to the pandemic crisis, the export -import volume between the Kyrgyz  Republic 
and Malaysia ha s fallen 2.2 times from  2018 to 2021. However, for the 10  months of 2022, the trade 
turnover has shown increase by 2.1 times comparing to the analogical period of 2021.  
4.343.   The main imports from Malaysia are telephone sets and their parts, integrated circuits, palm 
oil, coconut oil,  cocoa powder, essential oils, soap and detergents, various mechanical devices for 
industry and their parts, automobiles, rubber products, ceramics, and various ready -made products. 
The main exports from the Kyrgyz  Republic  to Malaysia are natural honey, o il products (jet fuel) , 
and air pumps.  
4.344.   The Kyrgyz  Republic and Malaysia are on their way of gradual establishing of mutually 
beneficial trade links. For now, in our view, the volume of trade between the Kyrgyz  Republic  and 
Malaysia is still far from the ex isting potential of trade between the two countries, and there is a big 
room for further development.  
4.345.   The Kyrgyz  Republic has further capacity of export expansion of organically pure food 
products such as honey, walnut, raisins, mushrooms, meat and others . Halal industry requirements 
of Malaysia would stimulate for improving the quality of exported goods.  
4.346.   The Kyrgyz  Republic and Malaysia has entrenched ties in trade in services. Malaysia is one 
of the most attractive touristic destinations for Kyrgyz citi zens. We do believe that the 
Kyrgyz  Republic will find its own place for tourists from Malaysia. Integration in educational sphere 
contributes a lot for development of services. Financial sectors based on Islamic principles also 
attracts interest of the Ky rgyz Republic.  
4.347.   On this regard, the two countries have enormous potential to further strengthening of 
cooperation in trade in services.  
4.348.   Finally, the Kyrgyz  Republic wishes a very successful eighth Trade Policy Review to the 
delegation of Malaysia.  
VIET NAM 
4.349.   Viet Nam warmly welcomes the delegation of Malaysia led by H.E. Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, 
Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Malaysia to their eighth 
Trade Policy Review.  
4.350.   Viet Nam would also like to thank the Government of Malaysia and the WTO Secretariat for 
their comprehensive Reports, which created the foundation for our discussion today. We also express 
our appreciation to the discussant , H.E. Ambassador  Alparslan  Acarsoy , Permanent Representative 
of Türkiye for his insightful comments. We would like to take th is opportunity to express our deepest 
condolences and solidarity with Türkiye  for the loss of the people of Türkiye caused b y the recent 
devasting earthquake . 
4.351.   Viet Nam would like to associate itself with the ASEAN joint statement delivered by 
Indonesia.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.352.   Viet Nam commends Malaysia for its achievements as a middle -income country, particularly 
with a GDP per  capita of USD 11,422 in 2021 and the objectiv e to become a high -income country 
between 2024 -2028.  
4.353.   Viet Nam takes note that Malaysia 's Twelfth Plan for the period 2021 -2025 is designed to 
inject fundamental reforms to alter its development trajectory, focusing on three key themes (i.e. 
resetting the economy; strengthening security, well -being, and inclusivity; and advancing 
sustainability) and four catalytic policy enablers (i.e. developing talents ; accelerating innovation and 
technology adoption; enhancing connectivity and transport inf rastructure; and improving public 
service).  
4.354.   Furthermore, Viet  Nam notes that Malaysia is identified as one of the most open economies 
in the world, with 40% of the country 's jobs linked to export activities, and 70% of its merchandise 
trade accounted by t he Asian region.  
4.355.   Viet Nam acknowledges Malaysia 's major contribution to the WTO and its active participation 
in various processes ongoing in the multilateral trading system. Viet  Nam encourages Malaysia to 
continue playing an active role in the WTO to imp rove the functioning of the multilateral trading 
system.  
4.356.   At the regional level, Viet  Nam and Malaysia have maintained and are promoting close 
collaboration under the ASEAN framework. Outstanding economic cooperation activities undertaken 
between the two co untries for enhancing regional trade so far include upgraded negotiation of the 
ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA), the building of the ASEAN Economic Community Vision 
after 2025, upgraded negotiation of the ASEAN -Australia -New Zealand Free Trade Agree ment 
(AANZFTA), as well as negotiation of the ASEAN -Canada Free Trade Agreement (ACaFTA).  
4.357.   At the bilateral level, Viet  Nam and Malaysia have remained a strong and stable trade 
relationship during the last five years. In the ASEAN region, Malaysia is Viet  Nam's second -largest 
trading partner and our third -largest export market. Bilateral trade volume between the two 
countries in 2022 reached USD 14.7 billion, a year -on-year growth of 16.8%. Among these, exports 
from Viet  Nam to Malaysia were USD 5.57 billion and imports to Viet  Nam from Malaysia were 
USD 9.12 billion, an increase of 26.1% and 11.7% respectively over the same period. We do hope 
that the two countries could continue working closely toward a more balanced trade in the coming 
time.  
4.358.   Before closi ng our statement, our delegation would also like to commend the contribution of 
H.E. Ambassador Syahril Syazli Ghazali and his able team at the Mission in Geneva for their active 
engagement and contribution to the work of the WTO. We wish Malaysia a succes sful Trade Policy 
Review.  
BANGLADESH  
4.359.   At the outset, Bangladesh delegation welcomes H.E.  Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Head of 
Delegation and Secretary  General of International Trade and Industry, and thank for his introductory 
presentation at their TPR . We also thank H.E.  Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy of Türkiye for his 
insightful discussion and express our deepest condolence and solidarity to the Governm ent and 
people of Türkiye  for the d eath of several thousands of people  due to the recent catastrophic 
earthquake in Türkiye and Syria) Our sincere appreciation  goes to the Government of Malaysia and 
WTO Secretariat for the comprehensive Reports . 
4.360.   Trade  has long been an important part of Malaysia's  economy and also an important 
connector, this has been reinforced during the global COVID -19 pan demic.  During the review , 
2017-22 Malaysia's trade policy has been anchored to the priorities outlined in the Eleventh  and 
Twelfth Malaysia Plan s, these include accelerating technology adoption, innovation, enhancing 
connectivity, transport  infrastructure  improving the standard s of living , and sustainable growth . The 
strategies are more crucial for ensuring Malaysia's  economic trajectory  post-pandemic.  
4.361.   As a firm supporter of the multilateral trading system , Malaysia  remains actively engaged at 
the WTO, Ma laysia 's trade policy priority on multinational non -discriminatory rules is complemented  
by a goal of continuous expansion and deepening trade relations through regional and bilateral WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  approach. It  addresses high importance to reducing the gap in the level of development between 
nations to promoting  further integration  of developing and LDCs int o the global economy and to the 
need to make economic development more sustainable.  Malaysia remains more susceptible than 
others to changing  circumstances  in the external environment.  
4.362.   Bangladesh and Malaysia enjoy excellent bilateral trade and economic r elation, though 
bilateral trade is largely tilted towards Ma laysia , as one of the large st destination  of Bangladesh i 
students, skill ed and semi -skilled  workers in the East, M alaysia  hosts about 800,000  Bangladeshi 
expats.  An institutional mechanism  of dial ogue has contributed to the deepening of our  relations , 
bilateral trade between Bangladesh and Malaysia have been cemented since the establishment of 
diplomatic ties in 1972, being one of the big trading  nations in the world. Malaysia  is considered as 
a regional hub of trade  among the A SEAN  countries.  
4.363.   In recent years, trade between Bangladesh and Malaysia is expanding i ncreasingly that make 
Bangladesh the second largest trading partner of Malaysia  in South Asia . Bangladeshi  imported 
goods were USD 3.28 billion from Malaysi a in the financial year 2020-21, while exporting goods only 
USD 337.81 million . Major Bangladeshi  exports are RMG garments, vegetables, potatoes, cereals, 
fruit juice, pharmaceutical, tea, spices , etc. Bangladeshi imports  from Mauritius include minerals, 
mineral  fuel-oil, distillation products, etc. , there is a scope to further strengthening the  trade re lation 
and both sides are working for adjusting the framework of bilateral  cooperation as well as through 
non-traditional means . 
4.364.   Bangladesh offers  industr ial-friendly and congenial climate for foreign investors, almost all 
of the sectors allowed for eign investment without any capping. To ease the investors from paying 
double tax . Bangladesh has signed  avoidance of double taxation  treaty with Malaysia  four decades 
before  for promotion and protecting investment . 
4.365.   Bangladesh has taken initiative to estab lish 100  economic zones  the country to create 
structured and balanced investment and invites Malaysian investors as a unit investor or developed 
sector -specific  specially economic zones  in energy, petro chemical, shipbuilding, recycling, IT, 
tourism, appare l, textiles, and agro-processing,  etc. 
4.366.   To conclude, we wish the delegation of Ma laysia  a productive and successful TPR, my 
delegation will continue to work closely with the delegation of Malaysia led by H.E. Ambassador 
Syahril  Syazli  Ghazali , Permanent Rep resentative of Malaysia to the WTO,  to strengthen the 
multilateral trading  system while we strive to enhance our bilateral  trade.  
KENYA  
4.367.   I join other delegates in welcoming the delegation of Malaysia, led by H.E.  Mr Datuk 
Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, to Geneva for 
their eighth  Trade Policy Review. I also wish to thank the discussant, Ambassador  Acarsoy, for 
setting the scene even in the wake of the calamity that has struck the Republic of Tür kiye, our 
sympathy goes with the people of Türkiye. I also acknowledge the Secretariat's commendable effort 
towards preparing the comprehensive Report.  
4.368.   Malaysia is an upper income country, aspiring to achieve high -income status between 2024 
and 2028, it is  one of the most open and diverse economies in the world, with about 40% of jobs 
linked to export activities. The Malaysian economy was on its  targeted growth trajectory expanding 
by 4.6 % over the review period, mainly driven by strong private consumption and net exports , 
before a 5.6 % GDP contract ion in 2020 following the COVID -19 outbreak . Fortunately , in 2021, the 
economy continued to expand by 3.1 % attributed to improving domestic demand and  robust export 
performance . The agriculture sector's GDP contri bution remains stable between 6 % and 8% with a 
compound annual growth rate of 1.93% from 2016 to 2020 . 
4.369.   Over t he review period, Malaysia's trade policies have been anchored on the priorities 
outlined in the Eleventh  and Twelfth  Malaysian Plans of 2016 -2020 and 2021 -2025 respectively, 
these priorities included accelerating technology adoption and in novation, enhancing connectivity  
and transport infrastructure , and  improving the standard of living to achieve balanced and 
sustainable growth .  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.370.   We note with inter est that Malaysia a record -high surplus in 2020, recorded double -digit 
growth for the fourth consecutive year since 2017, despite the pandemic. In  2021, Malaysia's 
external t rade surpassed  USD 500 billion for the first time and recorded the faste st trade growth 
since 1994, exp orts value grew to record -high of USD 299 billion  in 2021 . Between January and 
June 2022 trade rose by 28.2% to USD 316 billion compared to the same period in 2021.  
4.371.   We commend Malaysia for implementing all categories under the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement as of 1  June 2021, its accession to the Madrid  Protocol is also welcome, along with 
associated promulgation of the new Trademark Act  and trademark regulations for compatibility with 
regard to extending the scope of protection t o non -traditional marks, collective marks and 
certification marks and providing stringent penalties for infringement . 
4.372.   Kenya and Malaysia enjoy cordial bilateral  relations buttressed  by the increasingly positive 
growth in trade and investment, cooperation i n multilateral fora, as well as capacity building through 
the Malaysian Technical Cooperation Programme, which affords  the citizens of the two countries a 
platform to learn and share experience s and best practices on a wide range of issues, such as the 
infrastructural development, as well as the SME development . 
4.373.   In terms of trade,  Kenya exports to Malaysia dropped significantly from USD 85.4 million 
in 2020 to USD  29.06  million in 2021, with the primary exports being tea, coffee, dates, figs, 
pineapples, and niobium . On the other hand, Kenya  primarily  imports palm  oil, oil, machines, lamps, 
and furniture from Malaysia, with the total i mports more than  doubling from USD 536 million in 2020 
to USD 1.12 billion in 2021. The trade balance is therefore firmly  in favour  of Malaysia w ith a with a 
widening gap  that Kenya hopes to bridge  through export diversification . 
4.374.   We look forward to a more fruitful trade relat ionship  with Malaysia and  we wish the 
delegation of Malaysia a successful Trade Policy Review.  
JORDAN  
4.375.   Let me to start at this difficult time  by extended our deep condolences to people of Syria and 
Türkiye for the earthquake victims and expressing our stand  with them.  
4.376.   We would like to join other delegations in welcoming H.E.  Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak  the 
Secretary General of Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the entire Malaysian 
delegation, and to congratulate them for the efforts in preparing Malaysia's Trade Policy Review and 
Report.  
4.377.   Our appreciation is also extended to the discussan t H.E.  Mr Alparslan A carsoy  for his 
insightful remarks, and the WTO Secretariat for the informative Report, which provides a 
comprehensive view of the main developments in the Malaysian trade regime for the period under 
review.  
4.378.   We congratulate Malaysia for  the continuous improvement in its economy and trade 
performance in spite of the different challenges that is due to pandemic and recent global economic 
crises, the economic and trade policy developments aim at integrating its economy into the global 
marke t, mainly under the multilateral trading system.  
4.379.   We commend Malaysia 's commitment towards its WTO obligations, and its constructive role 
in the efforts to strengthen the multilateral trading system.  
4.380.   Malaysia and Jordan enjoy good bilateral relations and g rowing economic ties, which hold 
promising opportunities ahead for both countries. The bilateral trade between Jordan and Malaysia 
amounted in 2021 around USD 280 million and we are looking forward to increase it in the future.  
4.381.   Jordan is always keen to expand our good economic relations with Malaysia and to explore 
further areas of mutual interest,  on bilateral and multilateral levels.  
4.382.   Finally, we wish Malaysia all prosperity and a successful Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  NEPAL  
4.383.   We express  deepest sympathy to the people of Türkiye  in this difficult time due to 
devastating earthquake.  
4.384.   My delegation warmly welcomes the Malaysian delegation led by H .E. Mr Datuk Isham Ishak, 
Secretary General, Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Mal aysia and commends him for 
the insightful highlights of the eighth  Trade Policy Review of Malaysia.   
4.385.   We thank H .E. Ambassador  Alparslan A carsoy  of Türkiye,  discussant of the Review. My 
delegation thanks the Government of the Malaysia and the WTO Secretariat for the valuable Reports.  
4.386.   My delegation highly values Malaysia 's continued commitment and active participation in the 
multilateral trading system since becoming the Member of the WTO. We also commend its openness 
to international trade and its integration into the global economy.  
4.387.   We are pleased to take good note of average GDP growth of 1.6% and inflation rate increased 
marginally by 0.7% per  annum during the period of 2018 -2021. Furthermore, per  capita gross 
national income (GNI) of Malaysia increased to USD 11,066 in 2021 which shows how the economy 
of Malaysia is boosting in recent years. In addition to that, the continued trade surplus during the 
review period is highly commendable.  
4.388.   The Malaysian Government 's initiatives in reforming trade and investment regimes with a 
particular focus on Minimum Wage Policy, Ratification of the International Labour Organization (ILO) 
Protocol of 2014 and National Action Plan on Forced La bour 2021 -2025 remain praiseworthy. The 
strategic move taken through Strengthening Infrastructure and Connectivity, Digital Economy, and 
National Fourth Industrial Revolution Policy are commendable.  
4.389.   The smooth implementation of Eleventh Malaysia Plan alon g with reform initiatives on 
reviewing of non -tariff measures, national policy on good regulatory practice and One Stop Centre 
for Business Travellers have understandably contributed towards simplifying regulations, increasing 
transparency and improving tr ade and business climate.  
4.390.   At the bilateral front , Nepal and the Malaysia have been enjoying cordial relations ever since 
we established diplomatic relations in 1960.  
4.391.   Malaysia has recognized Nepal as one of the source countries for foreign workers since 20 01. 
Nepal, as one of the largest source countries of foreign workers to Malaysia, has been largely 
contributing to boost up Malaysia 's economy fulfilling its human resource gap. Malaysia is in the 
preferences of Nepali youth due to favourable  climatic, soc ial, and cultural factors. My delegation 
would like to sincerely thank to the Malaysian Government for providing the job opportunities to the 
youths and remaining among top counties on sending the remittance.  
4.392.   The implementation of minimum wage policy woul d largely benefit migrant workers, my 
delegation highly commends for this policy and expects the adequate implementation of the policy. 
Furthermore, my delegation urges Malaysian Government for its full assurance in the implementation 
of the decent work, h ealth and safety, and security of the migrant workers.  
4.393.   On merchandise trade front, Malaysia is an important trading partner of Nepal. Based on the 
primary data, Nepal has imported from Malaysia goods worth of NPR 16 billion in 2021 while it has 
exported t o Malaysia goods amounted to NPR 98 million in the same year.  
4.394.   Crude palm oil, petroleum bitumen, rubber gloves, laptop and notebook, copper scraps, 
finished palm oil are the major importing goods from Malaysia while Nepal is exporting uncooked 
pasta, bitte n rice, musical instrument among others.  
4.395.   The trade data of goods shows a significant trade gap in Nepal 's bilateral trade with Malaysia. 
However, this can also be an opportunity for further collaboration and cooperation on reducing the 
gap by further explo ring and exploiting trade, investment, and tourism potentials for mutual benefit.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  4.396.   We value the interests of Malaysian investors choosing Nepal as their investment destination, 
around 47  companies are investing in Nepal in manufacturing, agriculture, servi ce sectors and 
among others.  
4.397.   Air Connectivity is important for tourism promotion as well as business activities. Different 
airlines form both the countries have been providing the direct flights after the Air Service Agreement 
made between two Governments in 2007. This facility has also contributed to establish 
people -to-people relations in the ground.  
4.398.   Finally, my delegation best wishes the Government of Malaysia to accomplish the target of 
achieving GNI per  capita MYR 57,882 in 2025.  
4.399.   Nepal looks forward to  strengthening its relations with Malaysia in the days ahead. My 
delegation wishes a successful Trade Policy Review of Malaysia.  
  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MALAYSIA  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  
5.1.  I would like to begin this session by thanking all distinguished Members for your active 
participation in Malaysia's eighth Trade Policy Review.  
5.2.  I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the discussant, H .E. Ambassador 
Alparslan  Acarsoy, for his insigh tful assessment on Malaysia's trade policies and investment regime, 
which helped to facilitate a very productive TPR session on Wednesday.  
5.3.  I am encouraged by the overwhelming positive feedback and support, as well as constructive 
views from Members. From the interventions by Members, we could summari ze them into three 
broad themes:  
• First, constructive recommendations proposed by Members to f urther enhance Malaysia's 
involvement and contributions to the multilateral trading system;  
• Second, concerns on some of Malaysia's specific policies and measures; and  
• Third, request for further clarifications on Malaysia's continuous efforts in promoting 
environmental sustainability.  
 
Malaysia's involvement in the multilateral trading system  
Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA)  
5.4.  We appreciate the encouragement by some Members for Malaysia to consider joining the 
Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA). Malaysia monitors closely the progress 
and deliverables of this alternative platform to resolve the disputes, and we're currently undertaking 
domestic consultation process to review the proposal.  
5.5.  Notwithstandi ng this, it is Malaysia's priority to work closely with all Members to restore a fully 
functioning dispute settlement system as mandated by the Ministers at MC12.  
Accession to the Government Procurement Agreement  
5.6.  We welcome the encouragement by some Member s for Malaysia to join the WTO Government 
Procurement Agreement (GPA). Malaysia has taken an important step to liberali ze government 
procurement market by ratifying the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the 
Comprehensive and Progressiv e Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).  
5.7.  We hope to use the experience gained from the two regional FTAs to assess Malaysia's 
readiness to become a Member of the GPA.  
Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on Services Domestic Regulation  
5.8.  Based on the comments that we received, I acknowledge the encouragement by Members for 
Malaysia to participate in the JSI on Services Domestic Regulation. Malaysia is undertaking domestic 
consultations to assess our readiness to participate in the Agreement. I would also take this 
opportunity to welcome any JSI Members who wish to share their experiences and knowledge in 
implementing the obligations of the Agreement with Malaysia.  
Fisheries Subsidies Agreement  
5.9.  With regard to the ratification of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, work  is underway for 
Malaysia to fulfil the domestic process for the ratification of this Agreement. We thank Members' 
support in Malaysia's efforts to ratify this Agreement in due course.  
Malaysia's position on the agriculture negotiations  
5.10.   Malaysia, like many  other Members, are involved in the re -negotiations of the Agreement of 
Agriculture (AoA), and the various discussions with regard to the public stockholding for food security 
purposes. These negotiations are fluid, and Malaysia is reviewing our positions based on the National 
Agrifood Policy on this matter, taking into account, not only the domestic needs for food security but 
also to the commitments in the AoA.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  Notifications compliance  
5.11.   We would like to thank Members' encouragement on the notifications tha t have been 
submitted by Malaysia, and would like to reiterate our strong commitment towards transparency. 
We wish to highlight that Malaysia has been providing notifications periodically. In response to 
Members' view, Malaysia would be putting in our best  efforts in completing the outstanding 
notifications in a timely manner.  
Clarifications on Malaysia's policies and measures  
Standards and licensing requirements (including Halal and SPS)  
5.12.   Malaysia thanks Members' views with regard to the standards and licen sing regime of 
Malaysia. Malaysia will continue to undertake measures to improve our licensing procedures and 
import measures in various sectors including the automotive sector.  
5.13.   As stated in the Government and Secretariat Reports, Malaysia has abolished the licensing 
requirements for agricultural products, except for rice. However, agricultural products with sanitary 
and phytosanitary risks are still required to obtain import permits and provide the relevant 
certificates for importation. These r equirements are publicly available in the relevant Government 
websites. Malaysia would improve the accessibility of information with regard to licensing 
requirements, and welcome Members to engage with Malaysian authorities to discuss any pending 
issues.  
5.14.   We also note some Members' request for clarification on the Halal certification to export meat 
products (except pork) to Malaysia. Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) is the agency 
responsible for the sanitary and phytosanitary aspect of meat exports, w hile the Department of 
Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) is the agency responsible for the Halal certification. Malaysia 
would like to reiterate that it is our requirement that all imports of meat and meat products (except 
for pork and pork products) mu st be Halal -certified by JAKIM. As of 2022, JAKIM recogni zes 
83 foreign Halal certification bodies from 46  countries.  
Customs procedures  
5.15.   With regard to concern on border trade, Malaysia has been actively engaging with Members 
on bilateral and multilateral fora to simplify and harmoni ze customs procedures to facilitate 
cross-border trade measures by leveraging on technology or digitalization, namely ASEAN Single 
Window (ASW) and ASEAN Customs Transit System (ACTS), amongst others.  
5.16.   Malaysia will continue to support bilateral and multilateral efforts to modernize border 
management for cross -border trade facilitation and continued cooperation among the 
WTO Members.  
Intellectual property (IP)  
5.17.   Malaysia would like to thank Members' recognition of our c ontinued efforts in updating 
IP legislation, to be in line with the international practices and legislations. Malaysia remains 
steadfast in reviewing more treaties in the future.  
5.18.   We would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge WIPO, which has contrib uted to 
providing technical assistance to Malaysia. We have benefited from WIPO's programmes, especially 
in the areas of IP consultation and capacity building on IP administration, as well as enforcement.  
Enhancing bilateral cooperation  
5.19.   We welcome the inte rest expressed by some Members to further deepen trade and economic 
relations with Malaysia, as well as to advance cooperation in technical assistance. We are ready to 
engage with Members through various Joint Economic and Trade Committees and through the 
Malaysian Technical Cooperation Programme (MTCP).  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  Malaysia's continuous efforts to promote environmental sustainability  
Net-zero carbon emissions  
5.20.   In addition to the 2030  GHG emissions pledge I mentioned in my opening statement, Malaysia 
aspires to achieve net zero GHG emissions as early as 2050. Towards achieving these ambitions, 
Malaysia welcomes collaboration with developed countries in terms of sharing of policies and action 
plans on the implementation of NDCs and carbon neutrality. We look forward to wo rking with other 
Members on capacity building cooperation in greenhouse gas inventory, and climate change 
adaption.  
Cooperation in Energy Transition  
5.21.   Malaysia is open to exploring potential collaboration particularly in terms of expertise 
enhancement, knowl edge sharing and capacity building towards transitioning our energy system and 
achieving our sustainable energy targets. We acknowledge that global cooperation is essential in 
safeguarding our energy security and in facilitating international partnership t o support Malaysia's 
energy transition aspirations.  
Conclusion  
5.22.   In conclusion, Malaysia views this TPR as a useful exercise and a productive platform to 
facilitate Malaysia's efforts to continuously improve in areas that have been highlighted by Members 
for the benefit of trade, investment , and environmental sustainability. We highly value all 
interventions and constructive feedback from Members.  
5.23.   On behalf of the Malaysian delegation, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all 
Members onc e again for your participation. I would also like to extend special thanks to the Chair, 
discussant, H .E. Ambassador Alparslan  Acarsoy , and the WTO Secretariat for making this TPR a 
success.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.24.   Let me start by thanking delegations for their great i nterest in eighth  Trade Policy Review of 
Malaysia. I believe that the discussion on the first day of the Review was an enriching one.  
5.25.   During that meeting, as mentioned earlier, a total of 37  delegations took the floor, conveying 
their appreciation or prai se to Malaysia for various aspects of its trade and economic outlook, seeking 
clarifications on some of its trade tools and policies, providing valuable comments and raising specific 
concerns in some areas.  
5.26.   I believe that those statements and questions by  Members provide some concrete and useful 
insights that may be considered by Malaysian authorities.  
5.27.   In their interventions, Members congratulated Malaysia on its strong and resilient recovery 
from the impact of the pandemic. Its diversified economy, long -standing openness to international 
trade and industrial transformation efforts were praised.  
5.28.   Delegations also commended their existing good bilateral and regional trade relations with 
Malaysia and expressed appreciation for the active and constructive role  that it plays in the WTO. 
Along with its important role in ASEAN, Malaysia 's participation to regional trade and economic 
initiatives such as APEC, RCEP , and CPTPP was applauded by Members.  
5.29.   Many Members spoke of the importance they attach to their trade agreements with Malaysia. 
They also congratulated the country on the full implementation of its TFA commitments and 
accession to various IP  related treaties. They encouraged Malaysia to improve the implementation 
of its notification obligations under  various WTO  Agreement s.  
5.30.   Several members sought clarification and raised concerns on its SPS measures, halal 
certification requirements, import licensing procedures and encouraged Malaysia to have further 
streamlined and transparent processes. Some Member s voiced concern about its trade remedy 
measures, foreign direct investment regulations, export subsidies, non -tariff measures, government 
linked companies and encouraged Malaysia to further liberalize some of its services sub -sectors.  WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  5.31.   Some delegations exp ressed their hope that Malaysia will join Government Procurement 
Agreement, JSIs on services domestic regulation and trade and environment. There was some 
interest among members towards Malaysia 's gender, sustainability , and labour  policies.  
5.32.   I tried to br iefly set out the most salient points in Members ' interventions during the first day 
of the Review and this by no means covers all matters expressed.  
5.33.   I would like to thank Malaysian delegation led by Mr Datuk  Isham  Ishak, Secretary General of 
Ministry of International Trade and Industry and his able team for their hard work during this review 
and addressing today main points in Member 's statements. Secretary General Datuk  Isham 
explained in detail  the steps that were taken and considered by Malaysia regard ing specific areas.  
5.34.   Let me to express my appreciation for the opportunity to participate in this exercise and 
congratulate Datuk  Isham and delegation of Malaysia as well as Ambassador  Syahril and his team 
on the successful completion of this review.  
5.35.   In concluding, I wish Malaysia all the best in its endeavours  to reach the main objectives of 
the Twelfth Malaysia Plan which is resetting the economy, strengthening security, wellbeing and  
inclusivity and advancing sustainability. I believe these objectives sound very familiar for and are 
very relevant to many developing countries.  
5.36.   For a very long time, trade has been a powerful engine of growth for Malaysia. I am confident 
that this review  will be instrumental to further cement Malaysia 's already strong commitment to the 
multilateral trading system which I believe will be critical in face of contemporary challenges as well 
as relatively new and emerging trade issues.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.37.   We want t o thank the Secretary General and Ambassador  Acarsoy for their remarks today.  
5.38.   We also wish to note our appreciation for the large delegation from Kuala  Lumpur here for the 
review, we recognize the immense work that goes into conducting a review and want t o thank them 
for their efforts.  
5.39.   We are encouraged by the productive exchange during day one and appreciate the responses 
provided during this morning 's session.  
5.40.   I appreciate Malaysia raising the theme of its participation in the WTO in its remarks today. 
I had intended to focus my statement on exactly that point and I appreciate the open door.  
5.41.   Malaysia has a strong leadership track record in ASEAN, APEC , and other regional and 
multilateral fora. Malaysia has been a strong advocate and valuable partner here in the WTO as well. 
Our two delegations have worked closely on a wide range of issues and negotiations and we look 
forward continuing that cooperation.   
5.42.   Since we have the opportunity today to speak directly to capital -based  officials, I would like 
to speak frankly and make some direct appeals to leadership in Kuala  Lumpur. Ministers recognized 
the need for WTO reform at MC12, but I can assure you that WT O reform cannot be left to Geneva 
based colleagues alone, we need your assistance. Malaysia is a very trade dependent economy, and 
despite the challenging external environment, Malaysia continues to record impressive economic 
growth. The WTO is sorely in n eed of strong voices from those that have benefited from the global 
expansion of trade. We hope that Malaysia can raise its voice in WTO committees, discussions , and 
negotiations.  
5.43.   Look forward to Malaysia 's active engagement in dispute settlement reform d iscussions, as 
you yourself noted this morning, Secretary General, it is up to all Members to engage with others 
and most importantly to listen to and be thoughtful about the needs of others when considering 
what a reformed dispute settlement system might look like.   WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  5.44.   We appreciate the responses we have received from Malaysia. We have found this review to 
be productive and beneficial. We look forward to continuing our strong relationship with Malaysia 
and congratulate Malaysia on a successful Trade Policy Re view. 
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.45.   Firstly, on behalf of the EU, I wish to thank the delegation of Malaysia for its statements and 
clarifications, as well as the replies supplied to most of our questions.  
5.46.   The exchanges on Wednesday and today illustrate the value of the  Trade Policy Review 
Mechanism in the WTO. A large and diverse number of WTO Members have made statements and 
asked questions to Malaysia. The EU appreciates that Malaysia has made a genuine effort to provide 
answers in the relatively short time available and has thus contributed to increasing the transparency 
of its trade and investment policies. Many Members, including the EU, have recogni zed Malaysia 's 
important contribution to the WTO and its long -standing commitment to the work of the Organi zation 
as well as its support for the multilateral trading system.  
5.47.   The Secretariat 's Report and the statements and questions reveal a high level of consensus 
on some of the key concerns of WTO Members. These include a lack of transparency and 
predictability in regula tions, the use of non -automatic import licensing, restrictions in the services 
sectors (such as equity caps and discriminatory requirements), opportunities to compete in public 
procurement contracts in a non -discriminatory manner, and intellectual property  enforcement.  
5.48.   The EU has also shared with Malaysia some additional follow -up questions that touch upon 
issues such as the implementation of intellectual property rights, public procurement, the 
implementation of the World Organisation for Animal Health sta ndards, food regulations, and 
personal data protection.  
5.49.   It is our hope that Malaysia will reflect on the comments made in this review with a view to 
creating a more open trade and investment environment to enhance its competitiveness and 
economic resilien ce. 
5.50.   The EU looks forward to our continued cooperation with Malaysia in the WTO and bilaterally, 
and we thank Malaysia for the constructive and open approach it has taken in this important 
transparency exercise.  
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  The eighth Trade Policy Review of Malaysia has enabled us to deepen our understanding of 
developments in Malaysia's trade and related policies since the previous Review in 2018. The Review 
has benefit ed from the constructive and informative par ticipation of the delegation of Malaysia, led 
by H.E.  Mr Datuk Isham Ishak, Secretary General of Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 
the insightful remarks of our discussant H.E.  Ambassador Alpars lan Acarsoy, Permanent 
Representative of Türkiye t o the WTO, and comments made and issues raised by the 37  delegations 
that took the floor during the meeting. I would also like to thank the delegations that submitted 
advance written questions.  
6.2.  Members commended Malaysia for its resilient economic growth and long -term development 
trajectory. Following a year of negative economic growth in 2020 due to the COVID -19 pandemic, 
the Malaysian economy returned to its strong growth trajectory of the pre -COVID -19 period in 2021. 
Members expressed appreciation for t he wide -ranging reforms adopted by Malaysia in different policy 
areas. These include in particular the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (2016 -2020) and the Twelfth Malaysia 
Plan (2021 -2025), which aim at resetting the economy, strengthening security, improving wellb eing 
and inclusivity as well as advancing sustainability. Other important policy reforms adopted by 
Malaysia and mentioned by several Members pertain to the digital economy, investment, and labour 
reform. Attention was also drawn to the significant role of  small and medium -sized enterprises in 
the Malaysian economy and to Malaysia's success in developing a diversified manufacturing sector. 
Members stressed the critical role of trade in Malaysia' economy, as evidenced by the very high ratio 
of trade to GDP.  
6.3.  Members appreciated Malaysia's commitment to the rules -based multilateral trading system. 
Malaysia has fully implemented the Agreement on Trade Facilitation since June  2021. Its active 
participation in the Joint Statement Initiatives (JSI) in E -commerce, Investment Facilitation for 
Development, and MSMEs was highlighted. Members welcomed Malaysia's support for the 
Declaration on Trade and Women's Economic Empowerment, and its chairmanship of the Committee 
of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in Inform ation Technology Products, and the Working 
Groups on Trade and Transfer of Technology and Trade, Debt and Finance. Malaysia's role as a 
co-sponsor of the proposed TRIPS waiver to allow the equitable access to vaccine, therapeutics, and 
diagnostics for the COVID -19 pandemic was also noted.   
6.4.  Members encouraged Malaysia to: participate in the JSI on Services Domestic Regulation, the 
work of the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD), and move 
forward to ratify the Agreement on Fi sheries Subsidies. Some Members invited Malaysia to join the 
Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA). Many Members urged Malaysia to submit 
outstanding notifications. Some Members expressed their concern about the discrimination that 
foreign suppliers face when trying to access to the public procurement market, and encouraged 
Malaysia to join the WTO  Agreement  on Government Procurement.  
6.5.  Malaysia has concluded free trade agreements with 16  countries, including 9 ASEAN countries, 
and the FTA coverage ratio in its total trade amounted to 67.3% in 2022. Some Members 
congratulated Malaysia on the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 
(RCEP) Agreement, and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership 
(CPTPP). Some welcomed Malaysia's participation in the Indo -Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF).  
6.6.  Members were encouraged by Malaysia's continued efforts to streamline its fully automated 
customs procedures through its National Single Window.  They appreciated that almost all of 
Malaysia's tariff lines carry ad valorem  rates, more than half of the tariff lines are duty -free on an 
MFN basis, and around 80% of tariff lines are bound. The simple average applied tariff rate fell 
from 7.5% in 2017 to 7.1% in 2022. However, Members also noted that Malaysia still applies 
non-ad valorem  duties for 119  tariff lines, and tariff escalation remains. Malaysia was urged to 
convert the non -ad valorem  rates to ad valorem  ones, and reduce its tariff escala tion. Malaysia was 
encouraged to review and reduce non-tariff measures such as non -automatic import licensing, and 
to consider liberalizing its rice importation system that is currently monopolized. Some Members 
were impressed that Malaysia had reviewed ov er 400  non-tariff measures, and were interested in 
learning more about the outcomes of the review. While appreciating Malaysia's aim to become a hub 
for halal products, some Members sought clarity regarding sanitary and halal certification 
requirements.  Some Members applauded Malaysia's recent accession to the Madrid Protocol, the WT/TPR/M/436 • Malaysia  
 
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  Marrakesh VIP Treaty, and the Budapest Treaty, and encouraged it to continue review its legislation 
to ensure a robust IPR system.  
6.7.  In the area of investment, Members highlighted t he considerable development towards a more 
business and trade -friendly environment, through the setting up of the one -stop centre for business 
registration and licensing in 2020, and the approval of the National Investment Aspirations Policy 
in 2021. Membe rs also noted that in addition to foreign equity caps in a number of services sectors, 
Malaysia has a set of discriminatory domestic policies that negatively affect FDI. They encouraged 
Malaysia to continue to improve its business climate and further liber alize foreign investment 
restrictions, including in the areas of telecommunications, tourism, and financial services.  
6.8.  At the sectoral level, Members recognized Malaysia's various policies and initiatives to 
accelerate technology adoption with the aim of in creasing efficiency and productivity in agriculture, 
manufacturing, and services activities for Malaysia's economy and trade. In agriculture, Malaysia 
was welcomed in its active role in advancing agricultural trade reform as a member of the Cairns 
Group. O n the energy sector, several Members commended Malaysia's efforts to support a 
low-carbon economy and its ambitious plan to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050. However, 
Malaysia continues to provide subsidies to the energy sector. Some suggested Mal aysia to implement 
a subsidy rationalization programme. Members also expressed their concerns on the Approved 
Permit (AP) policy in the automotive sector.  
6.9.  Other areas of interest to Members include: Malaysia's lack of predictability and transparency 
in bu siness licensing; rationale for the import prohibition of certain products; government -linked 
companies; industrial policy; policies on the operation of foreign companies; export subsidies and 
local content; alignment of domestic standards with internation al ones; requirement to obtain 
international circulation permit on cross -border road transport; regulatory discretionary powers in 
the services sector, including financial services; and Islamic finance.  
6.10.   Many Members stressed the importance of their bilater al trade and economic relationship with 
Malaysia. In this regard, they pointed to ongoing or recently finalized negotiations on trade and/or 
investment agreements, and identified specific sectors or policy areas in which they saw potential 
for further deve lopment of their relationship with Malaysia.  
6.11.   Malaysia has received about 342  written questions, out of which 155  questions were 
submitted within the established deadline. Prior to this meeting Malaysia provided written answers 
to all questions submitted w ithin the established deadline. Regarding all other outstanding and 
follow -up questions, Malaysia is expected to provide its responses within one month, when this 
review will conclude.  
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