G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
11 August 2022  
(22-6068) Page: 1/29 
Committee on Agriculture    
 
 
EXPORT SUBSIDIES, EXPORT CREDITS, EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEES  
OR INSURANCE PROGRAMMES, INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID  AND 
AGRICULTURAL EXPORTING STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT BY THE SECRETARIAT1 
State Trading Enterprises  
Addendum  
This addendum refers to and must be read in conjunction with document G/AG/W/125 /Rev. 17. 
It provides information on Members' agricultural exporting State Trading Enterprises (STEs) , as 
described in P art D of document G/AG/W/125 /Rev. 17. 
 
_______________  
 
 
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice 
to the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO. It has been prepared for 
information only and is not intended to provide any authoritative or official legal interpretation of the provisions 
of the WTO Agreements in general or in relation to any specific entity or measure listed in this document.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 2 - 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENT S 
Australia  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  4 
China  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  6 
Colombia  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  9 
Costa Rica  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  13 
Dominica  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  16 
Dominican Republic  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  17 
Ecuador  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  18 
Fiji ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 20 
Grenada  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  21 
Indonesia  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  22 
Israel  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  23 
New Zealand  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  24 
Thailand  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  26 
Tunisia  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  28 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 3 - 
 
  TABLE ON SOURCE OF DATA  
Member  Source of data 
Australia  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 3 December 2021   
• Notification G/STR/N/1 9/AUS circulated on 2 May 2021  
China  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 14 January 2021  
• Notification G/STR/N/1 8/CHN circulated on 12 November  2021 
Colombia  • Notification G/STR/N/16/COL circulated on 1 June 2017  
Costa Rica  • Reply to questionnaire circulated on 3 December 2021  
• Notification G/STR/N/17/CRI circulated on 23 November 2018  
Dominica  • Notification G/STR/N/4/DMA, G/STR/N/5/DMA and G/STR/N/6/DMA circulated on 
15 February 2001  
Dominican Republic  • Reply to questionnaire circulated on 3 December 2021  
Ecuador  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 25  October  2018  
• Notification  G/STR/N/16/ECU circulated on 6 July 2018  
Fiji • Notification G/STR/N/4/FJI circulated on 19 February 1999  
Grenada  • Notification G/STR/N/13/GRD circulated on 24 August 2010  
Indonesia  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 25  October  2018  
• Notification G/STR/N/1 8/IDN circulated on 6 October 2020  
Israel  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 3 December 2021  
• Notification G/STR/N/18/ISR circulated on 25 January 2021    
New Zealand  • Reply to Questionnai re circulated on 3 December 2021   
• Notification G/STR/N/1 9/NZL circulated on 12 July 202 2 
Thailand  • Reply to Questionnaire circulated on 3 December  2021  
• Notification G/STR/N/1 9/THA circulated on 4 July 2022 
Tunisia  • Notifications G/STR/N/15/TUN and G/STR/N/16/TUN circulated on 8  June 2016 
and G/STR/N/15/TUN/Suppl.1 and G/STR/N/ 16/TUN/Suppl.1 circulated 
on 14 March  2017 
 
 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 4 - 
 
  Australia  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
The Rice Marketing Board for 
the State of New South Wales 
(NSW).  Rice grown in N ew South Wales 
[HS 1006]. Rice grown in other Australian 
states or territories is not affected.  [HS 1006]  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
The objectives of the Rice Marketing Board NSW include:  
(1) to encourage  the development of a competitive domestic market for rice;  
(2) to ensure  the best possible returns from NSW -grown rice sold outside Australia , based on the quality 
differentials or attrib utes of Australian -grown rice;  
(3) to liaise with and represent the interests of all NSW rice growers in relation to the Board's functions and 
objects.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
NSW Rice Marketing Act 1983.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
All rice grown in New South Wales (NSW) is divested from producers and becomes the property of the Rice 
Marketing Board NSW (the Board) under a vesting proclamation. The Board is permitted to issue Authorised 
Buyers licenses, which allows license holders to buy, hold, store and sell NSW-grown rice in the domestic 
market. Authorised Buyers are appointed by the Board and all applicants are eligible to become Authorised 
Buyers, subject only to the Board's discretion to refuse an application where it has reason to believe that the 
applica nt will breach the conditions of appointment, which primarily relate to the restriction on the export of 
NSW-grown rice. The Rice Marketing Board NSW also issues a separate but related Sole and Exclusive Export 
License (SEEL) for the export of NSW -grown ri ce, which is currently issued to Ricegrowers Limited (trading 
as SunRice).   
Authorised Buyers are able to freely buy and sell rice grown in NSW on the domestic Australian market. All 
sales contracts are entered into on a commercial basis. The domestic mark et is open to competition from rice 
imports, of which there are significant quantities annually. There are no tariffs or quantitative restrictions 
applied on Australian imports of rice (HS1006). The SEEL holder does not have special or exclusive privileges  
to import rice.  
In March 2021, the NSW Government commenced a review and consultation into rice vesting in NSW to 
determine whether the vesting arrangements are delivering a net benefit to the NSW community, and to 
inform whether vesting should continue b eyond the current rice -vesting proclamation expiry date 
of 30 June 2022.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
The Rice Marketing Act 1983 entitles the Rice Marketing Board NSW to award a single Authorised Buyer with 
the exclusive right to export rice grown in NSW.  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 5 - 
 
  Additional information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
Description of 
product(s)  Year  
(financial  year 1 July – 30 June)  Total  quantity  exported  
(‘000 tonnes)  Value  exported*  
(in million AUD)  
Rice (HS 1006)  2015/16  316 397 
Rice (HS 1006)  2016/17  218 171 
Rice (HS 1006)  2017/18  353 368 
Rice (HS 1006)  2018/19  244 299 
Rice (HS 1006)  2019/20  96 120 
Rice (HS 1006)  2020/21  52 70 
Source:  ABARES, Agricultural commodities: March quarter 2022. 
* Includes the milled equivalent of rice flour; major export destinations for Australian rice include 
Papua  New Guinea; Solomon Islands; Israel; Korea, Republic of; Japan; Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of; 
Jordan; New Zealand; United States of America and Kiribati.  
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 6 - 
 
  China  
Consistent with the Bali Ministerial Declaration on Export Competition, Members shall continue to 
provide information on Agricultural Exporting State Trading Enterprises within the co ntext of an 
annual examination process, based on the following structure:  
 
1. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
• Identification  of state trading enterprises  
• Description  of products affected ( including tariff item number(s) encompassed in  
product description)  
According to China's accession protocol, the companies and products are listed below.  
Products  Tariff lines  HS2007)  State trading enterprises  
Rice 100610 21; 100610 29; 
100610 81; 100610 89; 
100620 20; 100620 80; 
100630 20; 100630 80; 
100640 20; 100640 80 1. COFCO Corporation  
2. Jilin Grain Group Imp. & Exp.  Co., Ltd .  
3. HeiLongjiang Beidahuang Agriculture Group Corporation  
4. Beijing  Oriental  Desheng  Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd. (Corn  only) 
Corn 10051000;  10059000; 
11042300  
Tobacco  24011010; 24011090; 
24012010; 24012090; 
24013000; 24021000; 
24022000; 24029000; 
24031100; 24031900; 
24039100; 24039900  1. China Tobacco International Inc.  
2. China Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Liaoning Corporation  
3. China Tobacco Heilongjiang Imp. & Exp. Co.,Ltd. 
4. China Tobacco Shanghai Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
5. China Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Fujian Co., Ltd.  
6. China Tobacco Shandong Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
7. China Tobacco Henan Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
8. China Tobacco Hubei  Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
9. China Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Hunan Co., Ltd.  
10. China Tobacco Guangdong Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
11. China Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Sichuan Co., Ltd.  
12. China Tobacco Guizhou Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
13. China Tobacco  Yunnan Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd. 
14. Jilin Tobacco  Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
15. Zhejiang  Tobacco Imp. & Exp.C o., Ltd.  
16. Shenzhen  Tobacco  Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
17. Shaanxi Tobacco Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
18. Xinjiang  Tobacco  Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.  
19. Yunnan  Tobacco  International  Co., Ltd.  
Cotton  52010000; 52030000  1. Chinatex Corporation  
2. Xinjiang  Uygur  Autonomous  Region  Cotton  and Jute Imp. 
& Exp. Cooperation  
3. Xinjiang Yin Long International Agriculture Co., Ltd . 
4. China National Cotton Reserves Corporation  
 
2. Reason and purpose  
 
• Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
To ensure stable supply of products subject to state trading, prevent consumers' interests from 
being affected by d rastic price fluctuations, safeguard food security of the nation, protect exhaustible 
and non -recyclable resources and the environment, and achieve the goal of sustainable 
development.  
 
The Lists of products subject to state trading are provided for in Ann ex 2 of the Protocol on the 
Accession of the People's Republic of China.  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 7 - 
 
  • Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or 
privileges, including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional 
powers  
Laws, Regulations and Department Rules Commonly Used:  
1. Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China  
2. Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Import and Export of Goods  
3. Catalogue of Goods Subject to the Administrati on of Import State Trad ing (MOFTEC Announcement 
No. 28 of 2001)  
4. Catalogue of Import Stat e Trading Enterprises  (MOFTEC Announcement No. 28 of 2001)  
5. Catalogue of Goods Subject to the Administration of Export State Trad ing (MOFTEC Announcement 
No. 28 of 2001)  
6. Catalogue of Export State Trad ing Enterprises  (MOFTEC Announcement No. 28 of 2001)  
Laws, Regulations and Department Rules Applied to Different Products:  
Agricultural Products  
1.Interim Measures for the Administration of Import Tariff -Rate Quotas of Agricultural Products  
(MOFCOM  and NDRC Decree No. 4 of 2003)  
Tobacco  
1.Law of the People's Republic of China on Tobacco Monopoly  
2.Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Tobacco Mo nopoly  
3.Catalogue of Goods Subject to the Administration of Import State Trad ing (MOFTEC Announcement 
No. 28 of 2001)  
4.Catalogue of Import Stat e Trading Enterprises  (MOFTEC Announcement No. 28 of 2001)  
5.Catalogue of Goods Subject to the Administration of Export State Trading  (Tobacco Monopoly  
Commodities) (MOFTEC Announcement No. 44 of 2001)  
6.Catalogue of Export State Trading Enterprises  (Tobacco Monopoly Commodities ) (MOFTEC 
Announcement  No. 44 of 2001)  
3. Description of the functioni ng of the State Trading Enterprise  
 
• Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
• Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
State -owned trading enterprises carry out business activities independently based on commercial 
considerations under market -oriented conditions.  
 
State trading enterprises enjoy exclusive rights in the general export of rice, corn, tobacco and 
cotton.  
 
Additional information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
 
1. Exports (value/volume)  
2. Export prices  
3. Export destination  
Note:  The export value and prices not available subject to commercial confidentiality.  
 
 
  
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 8 - Unit: thousand tonnes  
Description  
of product(s)  HS Code  State Trading Enterprises or  
Reference Documents  Year Total Export 
Quantity  
 
(1,000  tonnes)  Quantity exported  
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sa les price  Average 
export price  National 
production  
 
(1,000  tonnes)  
Rice 10061021  
10061029  
10061081  
10061089  
10062020  
10062080  
10063020  
10063080  
10064020  
10064080  1. COFCO Corporation  
2. Jilin Grain Group Imp. & Exp. 
Co., Ltd.  
3. Heilongjiang Beidahuang 
Agriculture Group Corporation  2018 2,089.30  2,089.30  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  212,129  
2019 2,747.50  2,747.50  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  209,614  
2020 2,304.27  2,304.27  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  211,860  
Corn 10051000  
10059000  
11042300  
 1. COFCO Corporation  
2. Jilin Grain Group Imp. & Exp. 
Co., Ltd.  
3. Heilongjiang Beidahuang 
Agriculture Group Corporation  
4. Beijing Oriental Desheng 
Import and Export Co., Ltd.  2018 12.02  12.02  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  257,174  
2019 25.70  25.70  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  260,779  
2020 2.51 2.51 Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  260,665  
Tobacco  24011010  
24011090  
24012010  
24012090  
24013000  
24021000  
24022000  
24029000  
24031100  
24031900  
24039100  
24039900  
48131000  
48132000  
48139000  
55021010  
56012210  
84781000  
84789000  As listed in MOFTEC 
Announcement No.  44 of 2001 2018 300.60  28,666.96  300.60  28,666.96  Not Available  Not Available  
2019 323.67  29,502.20  323.67  29,502.20  Not Available  Not Available  
2020 289.56  19,257.32  289.56  19,257.32  Not Available  Not Available  
Cotton  52010000  
52030000  1. Chinatex  Corporation  
2. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous 
Region Cotton and Jute Import & 
Export  Co. 
3. Xinjiang Yin Long International 
Agriculture Cooperation Co., Ltd.  
4. China National Cotton Reserves 
Corporation  2018 47.34  47.34  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  6,103  
2019 52.14  52.14  Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  5,889  
2020 4.73 4.73 Not Available  Not Available  Not Available  5,910  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 9 - 
 
  Colombia  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
FÁBRICA DE LICORES 
Y ALCOHOLES DE 
ANTIOQUIA2 Aguardiente Antioqueño ( aguardiente  or sugar -cane 
liquor)  
Aguardiente Antioqueño sin Azúcar (sugar -free 
aguardiente ) 
Aguardiente Real 1493  
Ron Medellín Añejo (aged rum)  
Vodka Monteskaya  
Licor de Menta (mint liqueur)  
Licor de Café (coffee liqueur)  
Ron Cream Siboney (rum cream liqueur)  
Ron Maestro Botero (rum)  
Ron Maestro Gabo (rum)  
Ginebra Katia (gin)  2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.60.00.00  
2208.70.90.00  
2208.70.90.00  
2208.70.20.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.50.00.00  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
Pursuant to Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the only legal monopolies are those 
established under the law as a means of revenue generation in the public and social interest. The revenue 
obtained from the exercise of the alcoholic beverages monopoly is thus primarily earmarked for the health 
and education services. Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983 delegates the ex ercise of the revenue -generating 
alcoholic beverages  monopoly to the departments.  
 
Under this legal framework, production of alcoholic beverages by the State trading enterprises is at 
departmental level.  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
Colombian distilleries provide a significant source of income for the departmental tax authorities which 
ensures the sustainability of public health and education services in many regions of the country. Furthermore, 
the distilleries' profits are transferred in part of in full to the departments, as established by the assembly of 
the department concerned. In short, the reasons for the existence of the distilleries are as follows:  
• The production and subsequent sale of a lcoholic beverages generate direct revenue for the departmental 
tax authorities . 
• Profits go to the departments, not to a private entity.  
• The enterprises provide the departments with a significant source of income which is invested in deprived 
areas of the country.  
• Job creation . 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
Under Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983, Decree No. 1222 
of 1986, Decree No. 244 of 1906, Law No. 223 of 1995, Law No. 788 of 2002 and Law No. 1393 of 2010, the 
departments, i.e. the territorial divisio ns of the country, are independent administrators of the alcoholic 
beverages monopoly designed to generate revenue  for preferential allocation to education and health services.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The departmental distilleries produce alcoholic beverages for consumption in their own department, for 
distribution to other departments, and for export. Distribution t o other departments is subject to their 
authorization. The distilleries also import raw materials for production.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON AGUARDIENTE AND RUM EXPORTS  
STATE TRADING: FÁBRICA DE LICORES Y ALCOHOLES DE ANTIOQUIA  
Millions of 750 cc units  
Year Description of 
product (including 
HS number)  Quantity exported 
by State trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  
USD Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  
USD Average 
export 
price  
USD 
2014  22.08.40.00.00  3.3 6 10.5 6 
2015  22.08.40.00.00  3.5 4.5 8 4.5 
Source:   Asociación Colombiana de Industrias Licorera , ACIL (Colombian Distillers' Association).  
 
2 Distillery attached to the department.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 10 - 
 
  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
INDUSTRIA 
LICORERA 
DE CALDAS3 Aguardiente Cristal  
Aguardiente Amarillo de Manzanares (yellow aguardiente ) 
Aguardiente Cristal sin Azúcar (sugar -free aguardiente ) 
Aguardiente Cristal XS (low -alcohol aguardiente ) 
Ron Viejo de Caldas (aged rum)  
Ron Extraviejo Juan de la Cruz (extra -aged rum)  
Ron Carta de Oro (extra -aged rum)  
Ron Reserva Especial (special reserve rum) 
Crema de Ron Cheers (rum cream liqueur)  
Crema de Café Kaldi (coffee liqueur)  2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.70.20.00  
2208.70.20.00  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
Pursuant to Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the only legal monopolies are those 
established under the law as a means of revenue generation in the public and social interest. The revenue 
obtained from the exercise of the alcoholic bev erages monopoly is thus primarily earmarked for the health 
and education services. Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983 delegates the exercise of the revenue -generating 
alcoholic beverages  monopoly to the departments.  
 
Under this legal framework, production of  alcoholic beverages by the State trading enterprises is at 
departmental level.  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
Colombian distilleries provide a significant source of income for the departmental tax authorities which 
ensures the sustainability of public health and education services in many regions of the country. Furthermore, 
the distilleries' profits are transferred in part of in full to the departments, as established by the assemb ly of 
the department concerned. In short, the reasons for the existence of the distilleries are as follows:  
• The production and subsequent sale of alcoholic beverages generate direct revenue for the departmental 
tax authorities.  
• Profits go to the departments, not to a private entity . 
• The enterprises provide the departments with a significant source of income  which is invested in deprived 
areas of the country . 
• Job creation . 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special ri ghts or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
Under Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983, Decree No.  1222 
of 1986, Decree No. 244 of 1906, Law No. 223 o f 1995, Law No. 788 of 2002 and Law No. 1393 of  2010, the 
departments, i.e. the territorial divisions of the country, are independent administrators of the alcoholic 
beverages monopoly designed to generate revenue  for preferential allocation to education a nd health services.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The departmental distilleries produce alcoholic beverages for consumption in their own department, for 
distribution to other departments, and for export. Distribution to other departments is subject to their 
authorization. The distilleries also import raw materials for production.  
B. Specification of exclusive or sp ecial rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON AGUARDIENTE AND RUM EXPORTS  
STATE TRADING: INDUSTRIA LICORERA DE CALDAS  
Millions of 750 cc units  
Year Description of 
product 
(including HS 
number)  Quantity 
exported by 
State  trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  
USD Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  
USD Average 
export 
price  
USD 
2014  2208.40.00.00  0.43 2.1 6.6 2.1 
2015  2208.40.00.00  0.78 2.1 5.5 2.1 
Source:   Asociación Colombiana de Industrias Licoreras , ACIL (Colombian Distillers' Association).  
 
 
 
3 State industrial and trading enterprise.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 11 - 
 
   I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
EMPRESA DE LICORES DE 
CUNDINAMARCA4 Aguardiente Néctar Azul  
Aguardiente Néctar Tradicional  
Licor Anisado Néctar Club sin Azúcar 
(sugar -free anise -flavoured liqueur)  
Aguardiente Néctar Tradicional sin Azúcar 
(sugar -free aguardiente ) 
Aguardiente Néctar Premium (premium 
aguardiente ) 
Ron Blanco Sun Dry (white rum)  
Ron Santafé Añejo (aged rum)  
Licor Anisado 180 (anise -flavoured liqueur)  
Ron Santafé Nido de Cóndores (rum)  2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.90.42.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.90.42.00  
2208.40.00.00  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
Pursuant to Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the only legal monopolies are those 
established under the law as a means of revenue generation in the public and social interest. The revenue 
obtained from the exercise of the alcoholic beverages monopoly is thus primarily earmarked for the health 
and education services. Article 61 of Law No.  14 of 1983 delegates the exercise of the revenue -generating 
alcoholic beverages  monopoly to the departments.  
 
Under this legal framework, production of alcoholic beverages by the State trading enterprises is at 
departmental level.  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
Colombian distilleries provide a significant sourc e of income for the departmental tax authorities which 
ensures the sustainability of public health and education services in many regions of the country. Furthermore, 
the distilleries' profits are transferred in part of in full to the departments, as estab lished by the assembly of 
the department concerned. In short, the reasons for the existence of the distilleries are as follows:  
• The production and subsequent sale of alcoholic beverages generate direct revenue for the departmental 
tax authorities.  
• Profits go to the departments, not to a private entity.  
• The enterprises provide the departments with a significant source of income which is invested in deprived 
areas of the country.  
• Job creation.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the r elevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
Under Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, Article 61 of Law No.  14 of 1983, Decree No.  1222 
of 1986, Decree No.  244 of 1906, Law No.  223 of 1995, Law No.  788 of 2002 and Law No.  1393 of 2010, the 
departments, i.e. the territorial divisions of the country, are independent administrators of the alcoholic 
beverages monopoly designed to generate revenue  for preferential allocation to education and health services.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The departmental distilleries produce alcoholic beverages for consumption in their own department, for 
distribution to other departments, and for export. Distribution to other departments is subject to their 
authorization. The distilleries also import raw materials for production.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON AGUARDIENTE AND RUM EXPORTS  
STATE TRADING: EMPRESA DE LICORES DE CUNDINAMARCA  
Millions of 750 cc units  
Year Description of 
product  
(including 
HS number)  Quantity 
exported by 
State trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  
USD Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  
USD Average 
export 
price  
USD 
2014  2208.40.00.00  0.03 2.3 6.8 2.3 
2015  2208.40.00.00  0.01 2 5.3 2 
Source:   Asociación Colombiana de Industrias Licoreras , ACIL (Colombian Distillers' Association).  
 
  
 
4 State industrial and trading enterprise.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 12 - 
 
  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
INDUSTRIA DE LICORES DEL 
VALLE DEL CAUCA5 Aguardiente Blanco del Valle (white 
aguardiente ) 
Ron Trapiche Premium (premium rum)  
Aguardiente Origen del Valle  
Ron Marqués del Valle (rum)  2208.40.00.00  
 
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
2208.40.00.00  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
Pursuant to Article 336 of the Political Constitution of Colombia, the only legal monopolies are those 
established under the law as a means of revenue generation in the public and social interest. The revenue 
obtained from the exercise of the alcoholic bev erages monopoly is thus primarily earmarked for the health 
and education services. Article 61 of Law No. 14 of 1983 delegates the exercise of the revenue -generating 
alcoholic beverages  monopoly to the departments.  
Under this legal framework, production of alcoholic beverages by the State trading enterprises is at 
departmental level.  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
Colombian distilleries provide a significant source of income for the departmental tax autho rities which 
ensures the sustainability of public health and education services in many regions of the country. Furthermore, 
the distilleries' profits are transferred in part of in full to the departments, as established by the assembly of 
the department c oncerned. In short, the reasons for the existence of the distilleries are as follows:  
• The production and subsequent sale of alcoholic beverages generate direct revenue for the departmental 
tax authorities . 
• Profits go to the departments, not to a private entity.  
• The enterprises provide the departments with a significant source of income whic h is invested in deprived 
areas of the country.  
• Job creation . 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
Under Article 336 o f the Political Constitution of Colombia, Article 61 of Law No.  14 of 1983, Decree No.  1222 
of 1986, Decree No.  244 of 1906, Law No.  223 of 1995, Law No.  788 of 2002 and Law No.  1393 of 2010, the 
departments, i.e. the territorial divisions of the country, are independent administrators of the alcoholic 
beverages monopoly designed to generate revenue  for preferential allocation to education and health services.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The departmental distilleries produce alcoholic beverages for consumption in their own department, for 
distribution to other departments, and for export. Distribution to other departments is subject to their 
authorization. The distilleries also import raw materials for production.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON AGUARDIENTE AND RUM EXPORTS  
STATE TRADING: INDUSTRIA LICORERA DEL VALLE  
Millions of 750 cc units  
Year Description of 
product (including 
HS number)  Quantity 
exported by 
State trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  
USD Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  
USD Average 
export 
price  
USD 
2014  2208.4 0.00.00  0.28 3.6 8.1 3.6 
2015  2208.4 0.00.00  0.20 2.6 6 2.6 
Source:  Asociación Colombiana de Industrias Licoreras , ACIL (Colombian Distillers' Association).  
 
 
5 State industrial and trading enterprise.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 13 - 
 
  Costa Rica  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
The Agro -Industrial Sugar Cane League (LAICA) is a non -state public entity, with its own legal personality, 
and subject to public law in the exercise of its legal powers and duties and to private law in the conduct of its 
marketing and other corporate activities.  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
LAICA was created under Law No.  3579 of 4  November  1965. This law was amended by the Organic Law on 
Sugar Cane Agriculture and the Sugar Industry (Law No.  7818 of 2 September  1998) and amendments 
thereto with a view to improving LAICA's operational effectiveness and efficiency.  
 
The provisions of Law No.  7818 seek to maintain equitable relations between cane producers and sugar mills 
in order to guarantee each secto r a reasonable and fair share, and to organize, in the interests of the industry's 
development and stability, the various factors involved in the production of sugar cane and the manufacturing 
and sale of sugar cane products.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCT IONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
LAICA has two divisions: The Corporate Division, governed by public law, and the Marketing Division, 
governed by private law.  
The Corporate Division is managed by a Board of Directors made up of eight members, compri sing the Minister 
of Agriculture and Livestock, the Minister of the Economy, Industry and Trade, three  members appointed by 
the sugar industry, and three appointed by the cane sector.  
The Marketing Division is under the responsibility of the Marketing Boar d, which is made up of six  members.  
The activities under LAICA's responsibility include the marketing of sugar and the by -products of sugar cane 
processing.  
Regarding the quality control and marketing of the product, Law No.  7818 of 2 September 1998 and it s 
amendments establish the variables that determine the quality of sugar intended for export, and set out 
LAICA's role in the inspection process, with a view to ensuring the quality of sugar exports (Articles 141 -143).  
Under Article 9(f), LAICA is responsi ble for establishing and allocating the national sugar production quota on 
an annual basis. This quota is equivalent to the domestic sugar consumption recorded in the previous season, 
multiplied by a fixed factor of 1.5. It is allocated among the mills in proportion to the reference quotas. The 
individual production quotas establish  the amount and type of sugar to be produced within the national sugar 
production quota for domestic consumption, export or stockpiling.  
The export quota is divided among the var ious export markets in consultation with the industry. If it benefits 
the industry, and subject to the conditions prevailing on the markets, the Board of Directors may order that 
the sugar included in the quota be replaced by alcohol.  
Written contracts, du ly registered with LAICA, are indispensable for sugar exports. Exports must comply with 
the individual quotas granted for the corresponding sugar crop year.  
The Board of Directors determines the periods during which the sugar included in each mill's export  quota, 
destined  for preferential markets or markets that are covered by international agreements approved by Costa 
Rica, may be exported.  
Before authorizing sugar exports, LAICA must ensure that they are in conformity  with the established quota 
system and that they do not violate any international agreements concluded by Costa Rica or affect or impede 
proper compliance with the quotas granted to Costa Rica in the international sugar markets.  
Exporters are also required  to inform LAICA of the real price of the sugar exported, and LAICA has the 
authority to reject any sugar export transactions that involve a sales price lower than the prevailing 
international market prices.  
In addition to registering their contracts, expo rters must also ensure they are entered in the register kept 
by LAICA for that purpose, and to that end must provide  general data concerning the natural or legal person 
in question.   
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 14 - TABLE  I - STATE TRADING: STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of 
product(s)  Year* Total quantity 
exported* 
(50 kg sacks)  Quantity exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  
(in 50 kg sacks)  Average 
procurement price  
(per 50  kg sack 
of sugar)  
(CRC)  Average representative 
domestic sales price  
(per 50  kg sack 
of sugar)  
(CRC)  Average export price 
(per 50  kg sack 
of sugar)  
(USD)  National 
production** 
(in 50 kg 
sacks)  
Sugar  
(17.01)  2001-2002 
2002-2003 
2003-2004 
2004-2005 
2005-2006 
2006-2007 
2007-2008 
2008-2009 
2009-2010 
2010-2011 
2011-2012 
2012-2013 
2013-2014 
2014-2015 
2015-2016 
2016-2017 
2017-2018 
2018-2019 2,700,525  
2,553,594  
3,751,155  
3,441,656  
2,897,015  
2,691,318  
2,158,957  
1,993,269  
3,077,583  
2,150,471  
2,434,153  
3,658,551  
4,220,794  
4,311,804  
4,301,260  
5,237,059 
4,167,165  
4,047,300  2,700,525  
2,553,594  
3,751,155  
3,441,656  
2,897,015  
2,691,318  
2,158,957  
1,993,269  
3,077,583  
2,150,471  
2,434,153  
3,658,551  
4,220,794  
4,311,804  
4,301,260  
5,237,059 
4,167,165  
4,047,300  6,835.00  
7,300.00  
7,885.00  
8,750.00  
10,291.46  
11,239.84  
10,945.97  
12,008.39  
13,438.17  
13,751.63  
15,092.61  
15,325.97  
15,609.96  
15,136.61  
14,646,99  
14,940, 97 
15,201.38  
14,935.22  10,125  
10,207  
11,387  
12,519  
13,992  
14,362  
14,831  
16,819  
17,589  
17,989  
19,392  
20,073  
21,460  
22,000  
21,709  
21,553 
22,305  
22,487  9.92 
9.68 
8.76 
11.89  
14.33  
17.06  
16.81  
18.24  
24.68  
31.15  
28.27  
23.44  
22.32  
20.16  
15.87 
23.91 
22.75  
18.73  7,072,126  
7,065,211  
8,009,080  
7,822,749  
7,398,712  
8,060,882  
7,203,408  
6,992,552  
7,549,197  
6,860,515  
8,018,300  
8,867,900  
9,319,689  
9,001,398  
8,607,369 
8,734,800 
8,335,359  
8,344,073  
Source:  LAICA.  
*  The sugar cane crop year runs from 1 October to 30  September . 
**  Does not include the production/exports of sugar companies with a low level of production in relation to the national total (LAICA rep resents over 95%).   
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 15 - TABLE II - Destination of sugar exports  
  PERCENTAGE SHARE IN EXPORTS*  
2010  2011  2012  2013  2014  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2020  
Republic of Korea  0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 64,0 
United States of America  86,3 56,5 66,8 14,7 31,5 57,5 29,2 39,9 30,8 47,8 17,1 
European Union  1,2 2,2 2,6 40,0 30,7 16,0 26,0 3,2 11,5 19,4 12,9 
Caribbean  3,8 5,4 30,1 2,3 2,8 2,1 2,8 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,5 
Canada  0,2 27,2 0,1 12,1 0,1 24,3 11,7 7,2 14,1 30,5 1,8 
Mexico  2,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,2 
China  0,0 0,0 0,0 9,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 24,1 41,5 0,0 0,0 
Other  6,2 8,6 0,4 21,8 34,9 0,0 30,3 23,4 0,0 0,1 0,5 
Source:  Ministry of Foreign Trade using PROCOMER data . 
* In terms of volume (tonnes).  
 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 16 - 
 
  Dominica  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Dominica Banana a nd 
Marketing Corporation 
(DBMC)  The DBMC is the sole purchaser of 
bananas for export to countries outside of 
the Caribbean area.   
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The Dominica Banana Marketing Corporation was established under the DBMC Act 1984 which defines 
objectives of the corporation as to promote the well -being of the banana grower and to ensure the financial 
viability of the  banana industry . 
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The Corporation is the sole purchaser of bananas for export to countries outside of the Caribbean area and it 
shall be the duty of the corporation to:  
• Carry on its business operation in a cost effective and commercial manner for the benefit of the banana 
industry, while bearin g in mind the national interest;  
• Take all necessary or desirable measures for the dev elopment of the banana industry;  
• Encourage and facilitate the participation of private enterprises in all  sectors of the banana industry;  
• Purchase or arrange to have purchased all bananas of non -regional exportab le quality produced in 
Dominica;  
• Ensure the most favourable arrangements for the benefit of the industry in connection with the purchase, 
sale, handling, storing, exporting packing, processing and marketing of bananas.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights  or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
 
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 17 - 
 
  Dominican Republic  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Instituto de Estabilización de 
Precios (INESPRE)  INESPRE has the power to select the 
products covered by its scope of action.   
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
INESPRE was created with the main purpose of "...regulating the prices of agricultural products, when the 
situation of these products in the national market, in the opinion of the Institute, so requires, through the 
processes of supply and demand of these products" (article 2, law 526 of 11 December 1969). (Article  2, 
Law 526 of  11 December 1969). At present, the Institute does not fulfil the role of price stabilisation, but 
rather provides marketing services.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provision s and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
INESPRE was created by Law 526 of 11 December 1969. The law grants it an autonomous character, its own 
assets and legal personality, with the power to select the agricultural and livestock products whose  prices will 
be regulated and to establish its own purchase and sale prices for the products with which it operates.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
In its beginnings, INESPRE's main activities were the commercialisation and direct purchase from producers, 
through which it intervened in the setting of market prices; production stimulation, imports of agricultural 
products to s upply the national market. Today, and for many years, its operations have consisted of:  
 
a. providing agricultural producers with physical infrastructure for cold storage and natural environment, on 
loan or lease, so that they can be able to cope with fluc tuations in market behavior  in order to conserve 
and preserve the products ; 
b. promote the establishment of markets in which the country's agricultural producers can market their 
harvests, reducing intermediation and also benefiting consumers;  
c. establish the price and market information system;  
d. encourage the establishment of p acking stations in the producing areas as a means of increasing the value 
added of agricultural production;  
e. establish strategic reserves of sensitive products;  
f. facilitate the installation of rural computer centres for organised producer groups;  
g. to identify and promote new investment opportunities in the area of agricultural marketing;  
h. establish producer training and education centres.  
 
INESPRE programmes and services:  
 
➢ Agromarkets: operates in different parts of the country with premises duly adapted for sale. The 
programme provides for the refurbishment of the physical facilities of these establishments, the repair of 
damaged equipment, the incorporation of necessary eq uipment, the restocking of goods, the 
establishment of an efficient, capable and highly autonomous administration, as well as the creation of an 
initial capitalisation fund.  
➢ Producers' markets: a programme that supports sales and local producers by provid ing them with an 
organised trading platform. It is a market or fair where producers and consumers meet for a commercial 
exchange. The advantage of this type of activity is that producers can sell their crops directly to the 
consumer , this is to the benefit  of the latter, since it can access products without the cost of intermediation.   
➢ Mobile warehouses ("Bodegas Móviles"): this is intended to reach families in extreme poverty, such as 
communities ("bateyes") and families in very depressed areas where farme rs' markets cannot be reached.  
➢ Fixed warehouses ("Bodegas Fijas"): is a programme where INESPRE offers agricultural products to the 
final consumer without intermediation, in targeted fixed physical spaces, ensuring good prices and 
substantial benefits to p roducers.  
➢ Agricultural Marketing Training: to prepare small and medium -sized producers in post -harvest knowledge, 
quality, safety and product marketing . 
➢ Agricultural Laboratory Services: determine the quality and safety of agricultural products marketed, 
distributed and used by public and private institutions that require it . 
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
INESPRE has the power to import agricultural products when national production is insufficient, as stipulated 
in Article  55 of the Agricultural and Livestock Promotion Law, as well as to export agricultural products when 
surpluses are produced. At present, the institution has not exercised this power  for several y ears. 
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Ecuador  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  
National Warehousing Unit  (UNA EP). The National Warehousing Unit mainly handles yellow flint 
maize, rice and cereals.  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
The National Warehousing Unit  is chiefly responsible for the temporary warehousing and domestic marketing 
of agricultural products, in particular yellow flint maize, rice and cereals, t he management of strategic food 
reserves, and support for the marketing and distribution of inputs. Its activities are geared towards 
implementing the food sovereignty mandate enshrined in the Constitution. In practice, this enterprise 
participates , as a p riority, in low and high volume domestic marketing.   
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
• Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, Articles  281 and 315 (Food Sovereignty Regime and 
Establishment of State -Owned Enterprises);  
• Organic Law on the Food Sovereignty Regime (LORSA);  
• Organic Law on State -Owned Enterprises;  
• Executive Decree No.  12 of 30  May 2013; and  
• Execu tive Decree No.  821 of 17 November 2015.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The National Warehousing Unit is an enterprise which focuses – exclusively – on support for the domestic 
marketing of agricultural staples for food sovereignty purposes, the management of temporary warehousing, 
and transport and marketing of the harvest. T he agricultural commodities in question are purchased from 
small producers at domestic market prices.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
Not applicable.  
 
 
Additional information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION (SEE TABLE ATTACHED)  
 
The National Warehousing Unit has not participated in the export or import of these commodities. 
However, other operators have been record ed as engaging in foreign trade operations involving the 
products handled by the UNA EP.    
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 19 - TABLE - STATE TRADING: NATIONAL WAREHOUSING UNIT  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS
Description of 
product(s) (including 
HS number(s))  Crop year  Total quantity 
exported  
(tonnes)  Quantity 
exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  
(1) Average 
procurement price  
(USD/tonne)  
(1) Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  
(USD/tonne)  Average 
export price  
(2) National 
production  
(tonnes)  
Yellow flint maize  2015 106 0 n/a 410 n/a 1,734,000  
Yellow flint maize  2016 22 0 n/a 1,146  n/a 1,319,000  
Rice 2015 1,112  0 n/a 909 n/a 1,786,000  
Rice 2016 207 0 n/a 1,095  n/a 1,715,000  
Cereals  2015 1,438  0 n/a 3,850  n/a 11,681  
Cereals  2016 1,771  0 n/a 2,707  n/a 8,517  
(1) Not applicable, the State trading enterprise does not engage in exportation.  
(2) Not applicable, the State trading enterprise does not engage in exportation . G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 20 - 
 
  Fiji 
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Fiji Sugar Corporation (FSC)  Raw Sugar and Molasses   
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
The FSC was established to develop and manage Fiji's sugar industry including all aspects of production and 
marketing.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
FSC was incorporated by an Act of Parliament in 1972 to take over all milling activities in the  industry.  
Under the Sugar Industry Tribunal Master award, the FSC is responsible for the marketin g of sugar  and 
molasses.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The FSC is engaged in the export of raw sugar and molasses through its marketing arm, the Fiji Sugar  
Marketing Company Limited (FSM).  
 
• Sugar is exported to the UK under the Sugar Protocol (LOME Convention).  Exports to Malaysia are made 
under a bilateral agreement, while exports to Finland and Portugal are under Special Prefer ential Sugar 
(SPS) arrangement. Shipments to the US are made under the US global quota arrangement. Quantities 
and prices are either set under these agreement s, or are on world market terms;  
• Sugar is also exported to Japan, China, Singapore and the Republi c of Korea on world market terms.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
Under the Master Award, the FSC has exclusive rights to export raw sugar and molasses.  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 21 - 
 
  Grenada  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM 
NUMBER(S)  
Grenada Cocoa Association (GCA)  Cocoa Beans   
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The GCA is a Statutory Organization which was established in 1964 to provide for the future regulation and 
control of the production, processing and marketing of cocoa in Grenada.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights  or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The Grenada Cocoa Association was established by an Act of Parliament by the Government of Grenada which 
is the Grenada Cocoa Industry Ordinance Act 30 0f 1964 wh ich was superseded by the Grenada Cocoa 
Industry Act No.4 of 1989.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The GCA is responsible for marketing, plant protection, and post -harvest handling including fermenting, 
drying and quality control, plant propagation, cocoa extension services and over site of cocoa husbandry on 
farmers ' fields; also the GCA guarantees the purchase o f all cocoa produced by farmers in Grenada.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
GCA is the sole exporter of cocoa and determines prices paid to farmers.  
GCA has exclusive rights to grant licences to local Agents to purchase cocoa beans from farmers.  
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 22 - 
 
  Indonesia  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTREPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Perum BULOG, as State Trading 
Enterprise  Rice 10 06  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The purpose of establishing Perum BULOG as a State Trading Enterprise (STE), is to conduct good quality 
and sufficient staple food logistics businesses for all society's needs; and in some cases, to conduct 
particular tasks given by the Government in light of stabilizing staple food prices, managing government 
food reserves and distributing staple food to low income people, particularly rice and other staple food  
items determined by the Government in the pursuit of achieving national food security;  
In implementing its statutory functions, the agency engages in domestic procurement, sales/distribution, 
import/export and public  stockholding.  
B. Summary of legal bas is for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The operations of Perum BULOG are governed by the recent State -Owned Enterprise Law  No 19/2003, the 
provis ions of Food Law No.  18/2012, the Presidential Instruction No.  5/2015 and the President Regulation 
No. 48/2016. BULOG was established under the Presidential Decree No.  114/U/Kep/5/1967. Since 2003 
BULOG was transformed from a non -departmental government ag ency into a State -Owned Enterprise, namely 
Perum BULOG by Government Regulation  No. 7/2003, as amended by Government Regulation No.  61/2003.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
Conducting domestic paddy/rice procurement for defending guaranteed price;  
Ensuring domestic rice price stabilization;  
Carrying out domestic paddy/rice procurement with the Government Purchase Price (HPP) ; 
Distributing rice for poor and vulnerable people, Internally Displaced Persons (IDP's), and victims of 
natural calamities and social conflicts;  
Maintaining national reserve stockholding for food security purposes;  
Undertake government mandate to import for price stabilization to ensure food security objective.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
• Undertake the government mandate to import/export and distribute rice, maintain national public stock 
for the price stabilization programme and food security purposes;  
 
• In conducting its operation, Perum BULOG's source of funding comes from the state budget and 
commercial credit based on Government Regulations No. 13/2016.  
 
Additional comment by Indonesia:  As indicated in Indonesia's notification ( G/STR/N/1 8/IDN), 
Perum BULOG as a state trading enterprise statutorily has an exp orting function. However, 
since 1999 BULOG has not exported any commodities. The operation of BULOG consists mainly  of 
domestic rice procurement and imports of rice  for public stockholding for food security purposes.  
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 23 - 
 
  Israel  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTREPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Israel Groundnuts Production 
and Marketing Board (IGPMB)  Groundnuts  12024100  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
By law this Board is the sole exporter of groundnuts from Israel. This has not changed since its establishment 
in 1959.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
All activities of the IGPMB are based on the Groundnuts Production and Marketing Council Rules (Groundnuts 
Exportation) of 1963.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The C ouncils targets, as stated in the Groundnuts Production and Marketing Council Law of 1959 are: to 
encourage the development of groundnut production, to plan cultivations, to concentrate marketing tasks and 
to provide with co unselling measures for the ministers.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise.  
Groundnuts Production and Marketing Council Rules (Groundnuts Exportation) of 1963 entitles the IGPMB the 
exclusive right to export groundnuts from Israel.  
 
Additional Information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
 
Description of 
product (s) Export value for state 
trading enterprise  
(million USD)  Quantity exported by state 
trading enterprise  
(metric tonnes)  Average 
export price  
(USD/MT)  
Groundnuts     
2013 22.1 5,393  4,102  
2014 22.0 6,011  3,660  
2015 19.1 6,026  3,173  
2016 22.9 7,030  3,254  
2017 23.0 7,159  3,242  
2018 22.0 6,364 3,429  
2019 23.0 6,801  3,416 
2020 24.0 7,483  3,240  
2021 25.0 7,959  3,148  
 
Export destinations  in 2021 : Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Netherlands, Portugal, Belgium, 
Malta.  
 
Two other Marketing Boards have the legal authority to grant export licenses and/or to export 
specific agricultural products according to specific regulations issued by the Minister of Agriculture. 
These are The Egg and Poultry Board and The Plants Production and Marketing Board. Both Egg and 
Poultry and Plants Production and Marketing Boards are not active ly engaged in export, but rather 
grant licenses to private exporting entities.  
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 24 - 
 
  New Zealand  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
Zespri Group Limited  Kiwifruit  HS 08 10 50  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.  
The New Zealand Government maintains a State Trading Enterprise for kiwifruit exports so as to obtain the 
best commercial return from world markets for producers in New Zealand.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers.  
The Kiwifruit Industry Restructuring Act 1999 and Kiwif ruit Export Regulations 1999 provide the legal basis 
for a special export authority for Zespri Group Limited which is not accorded to other exporters of kiwifruit 
destined for markets other than Australia.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.  
The Kiwifruit Industry Restructuring Act was enacted in September 1999. On 1 April  2000 the Act converted 
the New Zealand Kiwifruit Marketing Board into a private company, Zespri Group Limited and distributed 
shares in Zespri Group L imited to kiwifruit growers.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise.  
The promulgation of the Kiwifruit Export Regulations 1999 provides Zespri Group Limited with an automatic 
but not sole right to export kiwifruit.  For the purposes of this questionnaire , Zespri is considered a State 
Trading E nterprise.  
 
Zespri does not administer tariff rate quota s nor does it receive any trade -distorting subsidies, tax 
advantages, special financing,  or preferential access to foreign exchange. It does not receive any specific 
support from the government based on its status as a State Trading Enterprise.  
 
Additional Information subject to normal commercial confidentiality considerations  
 
Description of 
product (s) Average export value 
for state trading 
enterprise  
(NZD billion)  Quantity exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  
(thousand tonnes)  Average export price  
(NZD/kg)   
Kiwifruit     
2010 -11 0.925  353.200  2.63 
2011 -12 1.014 391.151 2.59 
2012 -13 1.022 357.505 2.86 
2013 -14 0.787 309.960  2.52 
2014 -15 1.002  342.720  2.89 
2015 -16 1.417 444.560  3.19 
2016 -17 1.661  501.461  3.31 
2017 -18 1.616  442.282  3.65 
2018-19 2.194 535.564 4.10 
2019 -20 2.318  529.119  4.38 
2020 -21 2.622  562.821  4.66 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 25 - 
 
  The export destinations for kiwifruit in the last four years in the table above were as follows:  
 
American Samoa  Israel  Qatar  
Argentina  Italy Réunion  
Australia  Japan  Russian Federation  
Bahrain, Kingdom of  Kiribati  Samoa  
Brazil  Korea, Republic of  Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of  
Cambodia  Kuwait, the State of  Singapore  
Canada  Malaysia  Slovenia  
China  Marshall Islands  Solomon Islands  
Cook Islands  Mauritius  South Africa  
Costa Rica  Mexico  Spain  
Destination Unknown - EU Micronesia  Chinese Taipei  
El Salvador  Myanmar  Thailand  
Fiji Nauru  Tonga  
French Polynesia  Netherlands  United Arab Emirates  
Greece  New Caledonia  United States of America  
Guam  Niue Vanuatu  
Guatemala  Northern Mariana Islands  Viet Nam  
Hong Kong, China  Palau, Republic of  Wallis and Futuna  
India Papua New Guinea   
Indonesia  Philippines   
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 26 - 
 
  Thailand  
1. Enumeration of STEs  
A. Name  B. Product  C. Tariff item number (s)  
Public Warehouse Organization 
(PWO)  N/A. N/A. 
2. Reason and purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining the STEs  
PWO is a state -enterprise attached to the Ministry of Commerce. Its objective is to engage in all activities 
regarding agricultural goods and consumer products in order to implement the government policies and the 
business operation, as well as in service business connected with agricultural goods and consumer products.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional power  
Royal Decree Est ablishing the Public Warehouse B.E.2498 allows the PWO to engage in all activities regarding 
agricultural goods and consumer products either the implementation in response to the government policies 
and the business operation, as well as in service busines s connected with agricultural goods and consumer 
products.  
3. Description of the functioning of the STEs  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the STEs  
PWO is responsible for the implementation regarding agricultural goods and consu mer products in response 
to the government policies, mainly at the trade operation connected with agricultural goods and consumer 
products including importation and exportation, as well as warehouse business. PWO also allocates quantities 
of import under i n-quota of certain agricultural products.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the STEs  
Nil. 
Product 
Descriptions  Export Value  
(million USD)  Export Volume  
(million pieces)  Export Price  Export  
Destination  
No export activities during period 20 20 – 2021. 
 
1. Enumeration of STEs  
A. Name  B. Product  C. Tariff item number (s)  
Liquor Distillery Organization 
Excise Department  Ethyl alcohol  2207.10.00  
2. Reason and purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining the STEs  
Liquor Distillery Organization Excise Department is empowered by the order of Ministry of Finance to be the 
sole producer of pure alcohol for the purposes of producing and distributing ethyl alcohol.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional power  
The Liquor Act, B.E. 2493, authorized Liquor Distillery Organization Excise Department to be the sole 
producer and distributor of pure alcohol.  
3. Description of the functioning of the STEs  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the STEs  
The Liquor Distillery Organization Excise Department only deals with th e production of pure alcohol to be 
distributed within the country. Presently, there is no export of pure alcohol by the Liquor Distillery 
Organization Excise Department due to the fact that production quantity of pure alcohol is not enough to 
export.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the STEs  
Liquor Distillery Organization Excise Department has been granted exclusive rights but no powers or 
influences through purchase or sales of imports or exports pure alcohol.  
Product 
Descriptions  Export Value  
(million USD)  Export Volume  
(million pieces)  Export Price  Export  
Destination  
No export activities during period 20 20 – 2021. 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 27 - 
 
  1. Enumeration of STEs  
A. Name  B. Product  C. Tariff item number (s)  
Tobacco Authority of 
Thailand (TOAT)  Cigarettes   2402.20.90  
2. Reason and purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining the STEs  
Tobacco Authority of Thailand (TOAT) is a state enterprise with a juristic person status under the Ministry of 
Finance, contributing revenue to the government and being classified in the industrial and commercial branch. 
TOAT is the only tobacco monopoly of cigarette manufacture and distribution. The organization’s core business 
is to satisfy the needs of domestic tobacco consumers in different forms and diversify to other business sectors 
including export and provision of cigarette manufacture services for overseas partners gaining more income 
for the organization.  
B. Summary of legal basis for grantin g the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional power  
Tobacco Authority of Thailand (TOAT) has been a juristic organization under the supervision of Ministry of 
Finance accor ding to Tobacco Authority of Thailand Act, B.E. 2561 (2018) since 14th May 2018. TOAT shall 
have objectives to manufacture cigarettes which is the government’s monopoly business according to the 
Excise Tax Act as well as other business.  
3. Description of the functioning of the STEs  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the STEs  
1) To operate an industry and business related to tobacco, tobacco leaves or products  
from other plants both within and outside the Kingdom  
2) Being hired from manufacturing tobacco products for export outside the Kingdom  
3) To operate a business related to equipm ent, tools or appliances related to the industry  
or business according to 1)  
4) To promote a study, research, development and improvement of quality and standard for  
tobacco production, tobacco leaf products or products from other plants  
5) To provide cooperati on for government agencies in order to prevent and suppress offences related to 
tobacco, tobacco leaves or products from other plants  
6) Operate other businesses related to cigarette production or other businesses according to 1), 2), 3), 4), 
and 5) or for TO AT’s interest.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the STEs  
Nil. 
Product 
Descriptions  Export Value  
(million USD)  Export Volume  
(million pieces)  Export Price  Export  
Destination  
Cigarettes (2402.20.90)  
2017 2.30 70.56  Nil Myanmar ; Lao People's Democratic 
Republic;  Israel  
2018  2.50 54.88  Nil Myanmar, Israel, India  
2019 1.44 35.04  Nil Lao People's Democratic Republic , 
Malaysia, Myanmar, Israel  
2020 0.44 20.53  Nil Lao People's Democratic Republic, 
Myanmar, Israel, New Zealand  
2021 0.25 16.18  Nil Lao People's Democratic Republic, 
Myanmar, Israel, New Zealand  
 
 
 
 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 28 - 
 
  Tunisia  
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
National Tobacco and 
Matches Agency 
(RNTA)  Cigarettes; Cigars; Pipe tobacco and 
tumbak; Gunpowder; Playing cards; 
Matches; Snuff (Neffa); Leaf tobacco  240220; 240210; 240399; 360100; 
950440; 360500; 240399; 240110  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The National Tobacco and Matches Agency has the monopoly on tobacco marketing.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
Under Law  No. 64-57 of 28 December 1964.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The RNTA grows tobacco, imports leaf tobacco, cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco, manufactures cigarettes, 
cigars, snuff an d pipe tobacco, buys and sells matches, playing cards and gunpowder, and exports leaf tobacco 
(snuff and smoking tobacco), cigarettes and snuff (Neffa).  
 
It distributes its products on the domestic market.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
Under Law No.  64-57 of 28 December 1964, the RNTA is responsible for operating for the benefit of the State 
the fiscal monopoly over tobacco, matches, playing cards and any other product for whi ch responsibility may 
be assigned to it by the State.  
 
Since 1981, the RNTA has exercised this activity in conjunction with the Kairouan Tobacco Factory 
(Manufacture des Tabacs de Kairouan , MTK).  
 
The RNTA is a State enterprise constituted as a non -adminis trative public establishment, the organization and 
functioning of which are governed by Law No.  64-57 of 28 December 1964.  
 
It was created and is maintained to collect taxes, reduce unemployment (source of income for 14,000 tobacco 
farmers, especially in deprived areas of Tunisia) and guarantee gunpowder  transactions.  
 
The legislation under which it was created and is maintained provides for State control of its activities, 
exercised through the Ministry of Finance.  
 
Export prices are fixed b y contract between the parties concerned.  
 
STATE TRADING: NATIONAL TOBACCO AND MATCHES AGENCY  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2011 -2014  
Product 
(HS 
number)  Year  Total 
volume 
exported  Volume 
exported 
by the 
State 
trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price (excluding 
taxes)  Average 
export price  Domestic 
production 
(volume)  
Snuff 
(Neffa) 
(packet) 
HS No.: 
240399  2011  336,000  336,000  D0.075/packet*  D0.029/packet  D0.325/packet  28,366,800  
2012  396,000  396,000  D0.132/packet*  D0.029/packet  D0.648/packet  28,106,400  
2013  396,000  396,000  D0.160/packet*  D0.029/packet  D0.691/packet  25,629,300  
2014  480,124  480,124  D0.168/packet*  D0.0316/packet  D0.752/packet  26,000,000  
Leaf 
tobacco 
(tonne) 
HS No.: 
240110  2011  165 165 D1,960/tonne  - D3,154/tonne  4,055  
2012  100 100 D2,172/tonne  - D4,838 tonne  5,278  
2013  - - D/tonne  - - D/tonne  5,065  
2014  120 120 D2,537/tonne  - D4,838/tonne  4,979  
 
 
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.17/Add.4  
 
- 29 - 
 
  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. NAME  B. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION  TARIFF ITEM NUMBER(S)  
National Edible Oils Board 
(ONH)  Soya bean oil; Palm  oil; Olive 
oil. 1507100; 1511909; 1509100  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
It was created and is maintained in order to implement the State's policy on the following in particular:  
• Protecting the country's interests in relation to the production, promotion and export of ol ive oil, which is 
of great social and economic importance to Tunisia;  
• Ensuring the country's supply of refined seed oil for consumption.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The ONH is a State enterprise constituted as a non -administrative public establishment, the  organization and 
functioning of which were laid down by Decree -Law No.  70-13 of 16  October  1970.  
The Decree -Law under which the ONH was created and is maintained provides for State control exercised 
through the Ministry of Agriculture.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of oper ations of the state trading enterprise  
As a State enterprise, the ONH assists olive oil producers, promotes the olive oil sector and regulates the 
market by purchasing and exporting a limited quantity, not exceeding 8% of domestic production over the 
period 2011 -2014, through a subsidiary of the ONH created at the end of 2009 as the National Oil Exports 
Board (ONHE).  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise  
Since the enactment of the Law of 24 February 1994, the ONH has no longer had the monopoly of sales of 
edible oils granted to it under the Decree -Law of 16 October 1970, except for the export of a tariff quota of 
olive oil to the European Union market, which it was granted by Decree No.  94-1166 of 23 May 1994.  
Under Decree No.  2001-1523 of 25 June 2001, private exporters may export organic Tunisian olive oil and 
bottled olive oil within the quota.  
Similarly, since 2005, specific decrees have enabled private traders, regardless of the level of production, to 
export oil in bulk within the quota as from the month of January, as is the case for  2016.  
The olive oil market is free in Tunisia and there is free competition between private operators and the ONH. 
The latter's presence in the market does not lead to any distortion of market mechanisms. The reason for its 
existence is to regulate the market and protect domestic producers if there is a drop in demand.  
 
STATE TRADING: NATIONAL OIL EXPORTS BOARD (ONH SUBSIDIARY)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  2011 -2014  
Description 
of 
product(s) 
and HS 
number(s)  Crop year  
(January -
December)  Total 
volume 
exported  Volume 
exported by 
the State 
trading 
enterprise 
(tonnes)  Average 
purchase 
price 
(D/metric 
tonne)  Average 
representative 
domestic sa les 
price (D/metric 
tonne)  Average 
export 
price 
(D/metric 
tonne)  Domestic 
production  
1509.100  
Olive oil  2011  - 5,181  3,399  - 3,846  120,000  
2012  - 12,310  3,112  - 3,415  182,000  
2013  - 7,715  4,872  - 5,457  220,000  
2014  - 2,565  5,688  - 5,475  70,000  
 
 
 
__________