Co-firing Ratio s and Component Standard s for Fuel Used  in St a-
tionary Pollution Source s 
Seven articles promulgated by the Environmental Protection Administration Order Huan -Shu-
Kong -Tzu No.1090020262 on March 23, 2020.  
 
Article 1  
The Co -firing Ratio s and Component Standards for Fuel Used in Stationary Pollution 
Sources (hereinafter  referred to as  “the Standards ”) are determined pursuant to Article 28 
paragraph 2 of the Air Pollution Control Act (hereinafter referred to as “ the Act ”). 
 
Article 2  
The Standard s shall be applicable to the use of bituminous coal and other fuels and auxi l-
iary fuels designated and announced by the central competent authority pursuant to Arti-
cle 28 paragraph 1 of the Act, for stationary pollution source s in public or private pre m-
ises. 
 
Article 3  
The terms and definitions used in the Standards:  
I.“Bituminous coal”  refers to  coal not refin ed with fixed carbon and a volatile content 
with a ratio of less than 4.  
II.“Fuels ” includ e bituminous coal and fuels designated and announced by the central 
competent authority pursuant to Article 28 paragraph 1  of the Act  for the purpose of 
providing  energy.  
III.“Auxiliary fuels ” refer to  fuels reclaimed from solid waste or materials  from direct 
reuse of solid and liquid waste , which are designated, approved or reused  by the ce n-
tral competent authority or the competent authority of the relevant industry, co -fired 
for the purpose of provid ing energy.  
IV.“Waste derived fuels ” refer to  fuels reclaimed from solid waste or materials from d i-
rect r euse of solid and liquid waste , which are designated, approved or reused  by the 
central competent authority or the competent authority of the relevant industry, us ed 
as fuels  or auxiliary fuels for the  purpose of provid ing energy.  
V.“Fuel oil ” refers to  petroleum products that comply with national standards, and pr o-
cessed oil made  from animal or plant oil, waste edible oil, waste, or other oil pro d-
ucts that have been recycled and reused in accordance with  environmental protection 
laws and regulations , for the purpose of provid ing energy.  
VI.“Petroleum coke ” refers to  the heavy oil produced in petroleum refining, which has 
been coked with or without calcining.  VII. “Primary solid biofuels ” refers to  forestry or wood residue without chemical trea t-
ment, gluing or surface coating procedures, excluding waste derived fuels.  
VIII. “Higher heating value ”, also  called total heating value, refers to  the heat energy 
generated from a fixed quantity of solid or liquid fuel, and the water content is main-
tained in a liquid state during combustion.  
IX.“Lower heating value ” called  net heating value, refers to the heat energy generated 
from solid or liquid fuel combusted under 1atm, and the water vapor  is maintain ed in 
a vapor state  during combustion. The calculation method is the high heating value 
minus the heating value of the heat in the state of steam generated by the moisture 
during combustion.  
X.“Dried basis ” refers to  the test specimen based on the anhydrous state  to arrive at an 
analysis  result.  
XI. “Air-dried basis ” refers to  the test specimen based on measurement after it is air 
dried to arrive at an analysis  result . 
XII. “Wet basis ” refers to  the test specimen based on measurements without air -drying 
and the state with total water content , to arrive at an analysis  result . 
XIII. “Co-firing ” refers to a situation of burning waste -derived fuels, or  burning more 
than two kinds of fuel at the same time, which include one or more waste products 
being used as fuel, in any stationary pollution source . 
 
Article 4  
Use of fuels in public and private premises  shall conform to the standards specified in the 
table attached, excluding waste derived fuels.  
 
Article 5  
For waste derived fuels  co-fired in stationary  pollution source s of public and private 
premises , and where the emission standard s of stationary  pollution source s are not as 
strict as the standard s of waste  incinerators, the co -firing ratio shall be based on the 
emission standards for sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. The equation is specified b e-
low: 
 
 
 
Hw：Ratio of low er heating  value input from waste derived fuels.  
Hf：Ratio of low er heating  value with the use of fuels, excluding  waste derived fuels 
from stationary pollution source s, Hf =1-Hw. 
Cw：The emission standard s of incinerators expressed in ppm.  
Cf：The emission standards of stationary pollution source s, expressed in ppm.   
C  ：The concentration of exhaust from co -firing with waste derived fuels, expressed in 
ppm.  
If the ratios of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides from the calculation of using waste derived 
fuels co -fired in public or private premises are different, the lower ratio should be used to reg-
ulate the co -firing ratio.  
The regulation in Article 28 paragraph 1 is not applicable for co -firing proportions for: Waste -
derived fuels used in public or private premises whose concentrations, based on monitoring 
and analysis  for the past two years, of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides  is lower than the i n-
cinerator emissions standard, or; if the concentrations are under 50% of the stationary source 
industry standards for sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.  
 
Article 6  
Fuels are to be sampled and tested in accordance with  the regulations of the central co m-
petent a uthority.  
Detailed r ecord s are to be made of  the actual operation of each fuel  used in public or pri-
vate premise s, and they are to be kept for six years for future reference.  
 
Article 7  
The Standards shall enter into effect on  the date of promulgation, unless otherwise  speci-
fied. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fuel content standards  
 
Fuel type  Items for control  
Standard content  Enactment date  
Newly installed 
stationary po l-
lution sources  Holders of 
fuel usage 
permit  
Bituminous 
coal Stationary pollution 
sources  
 (excluding rotary 
kilns in the cement 
industry)  Sulfur co n-
tent ≦1 Wt%  
Promulgation 
date One year 
from the 
promulgation 
date Ash content  ≦20 Wt%  
Higher  
heating  value  ≧5,000 
kcal/kg  
Mercury 
Content  ≦0.15 μ g/g 
Rotary kiln s in the 
cement industry  Sulfur co n-
tent ≦1.5 Wt%  
Ash content  ≦28 Wt%  
Higher  
heating  value  ≧5,000 
kcal/kg  
Mercury 
Content  ≦0.15 μ g/g 
Fuel oil  Stationary 
pollution 
sources  Fuel oil 
(not i n-
cluding 
gasoline 
and di e-
sel) Sulfur co n-
tent ≦0.5 %  
Promulgation da te 
Gasoline  Applicable standards for the 
Composition of Automobile 
Gasoline and Diesel Fuels  Diesel  
Petroleum 
coke  Stationary pollution 
sources  Sulfur co n-
tent ≦0.5 Wt%  
Promulgation da te 
Lower 
heating  value  ≧8,000  
kcal/kg  Primary so l-
id biofuels  Stationary pollution 
sources  Chlorine co n-
tent ≦0.1 Wt%  
One year from the Promulg a-
tion date  Sulfur co n-
tent ≦0.05 Wt%  
Lead content  ≦20 μg/g 
Cadmium 
content  ≦1 μg/g 
Mercury co n-
tent ≦0.1 μ g/g 
Lower 
heating value  ≧3,000  
 kcal/kg  
Remarks  I. The composition of bituminous coal  is based on the air -dried basis, except the 
mercury content is based on the dried basis.   
II. The components of petroleum coke are all tested on the air-dried basis . 
III. The composition of  primary solid biofuels is based on the wet basis,  except the  
lower heating value is based on the dry basis.