TDC 8  (16) CD 3 
 
 
  
 
 
DRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD  
 
Textiles – Web lashing belt made from man -made fibres – 
Specification  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANZANIA BUREAU OF STANDARD S 
 
 
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 Foreword  
This Draft Tanzania Standard is being developed by the Yarns and Twines Technical Committee under 
supervision of the Textile and Leather Divisional Standards Co mmittee, and it is in accordance with the 
procedures of the Tanzania Bureau of Standards.  
In the preparation of this Draft Tanzania Standard , assistance has been obtained from the following 
standard s: 
BSEN 12195 -2:2001 Load restraint assembli es on road veh icles - Safety - Part 2: Web lashing 
made from man -made fibres  
IS 15041:2001 Textiles – Flat woven webbing slings made from fibres for general services.  
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this Draft Tanzania Standard if the 
final value, calculated or observed is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with TZS 4 Rounding 
off numerical values  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
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 1. Scope  
This Draft Tanzania Standard specifies basic characteristics, requirements, test method and sampling  
of web lashing made from man -made synthetic fibers  (Polyamide, Polyester and Polypropylene)  with 
flat woven webbings for lifting purposes and  the saf e surface transport of goods on road vehicles.  
 
2. Normative reference  
For the purpose of this Draft Tanzania Standard, the following references shall apply. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of  the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies:  
TZS 3 , Atmospheric conditions for testing . 
TZS 4 , Rounding off numerical values.  
TZS 22 , Textiles – Woven fabrics –Determination of breaking load and extension.  
TZS 44, Textiles – Woven or knitted fabrics – Determination of length and width . 
TZS 326, Textiles – Ternary fibre mixtures – Quantitative  chemical  analysis . 
TZS 327, Textiles – Binary fibre mixtures – Quantitative chemical analysis . 
3. Terms and definitions  
For the purpose of this Draft Tanzania Standard, the following definitions shall apply:  
 
3.1 lashing  equipment  
device designed to be attached to the lashing points in order to secure the cargo on road vehicle. It 
consists of tensioning elements (e.g. webbing , chain, wire rope), tensioning devices (e.g. wrench, 
ratchet, spanner, tension jack) and connecting components, if required (e.g. hook, terminal jack).  
 
3.2 web lashing  
means of securing which consists of tensioning device or a tension retaining device and flat woven 
textile webbing with or without end fittings.  
 
3.3 load restraint assembly  
systems and devices for the securing of loads.  
 
3.4 woven webbing  
part of the sling comprising a woven narrow fabric generally of a coarse weave and  multiple plies, the 
prime function of which is load  bearing. 
 
3.5 end fitting  
device connecting the means of web lashing or the tension ing device with the lashing point of the 
vehicle or the attachment point of the load.  
 
3.6 flat woven webbing sling  
woven narrow fabric,  generally with multiple plies  and narrow fabric selvedges  which it’s  prime function 
is load  bearing . 
 
3.7 tensioning device  
mechanical device inducing and maintaining a tensile force in a load restraint assembly .  
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3.8 single part web lashing  
web lashing which comprises only one flat woven textile webbing and a tensi oning device with end 
fittings.   
 
3.9 two-piece web lashing  
web lashing which comprises two woven textile webbings, one with a tensioning device, both with one 
end fitting.  
 
3.10 length lG 
length of a one -piece web lashing measured from the free end of the webbing to the outer turning radius 
of its connection to the tensioning device . 
 
3.11 combined lashing  
device for securing a load, consisting of a tensioning device and a textile webbing combined with chains 
or steel wire ropes  with or without end fittings . 
 
3.12 lashing point  
securing device on a vehicle to which a lashing may be directly attached.  
 
3.13 coefficient of utilization  
ratio of minimum breaking force BFmin to the lashing capacity LC.  
 
3.14 lashing capacity (LC) 
maximum force for use in straight pull that a web lashing is designed to sustain in use . 
 
3.15 hand operating force (HF) 
force applied to the handle which creates the tensile force in the web lashing . 
 
3.16 standard tension force (STF)  
residual force after release of the handle of the ratchet  
 
3.17 working load limit  
maximum mass, in kilograms or tonnes, which the sling in basic configuration is permitted to sustain 
vertically.  
 
3.18 safety factor  
ratio of strength to the maximum force of utilization.   
 
3.19 maximum force of utilization  (MFU ) 
maximum static force, in decanewtons, that the sling in basic configurati on is permitted to sustain.  
 
3.20 mode factor (M)  
factor that takes into account the geometry of the assembly, the multiplicity of parts, and empirically 
determined constant considerations.  
 
 
 
  
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 3.21 maximum safe working load (maximum SWL)  
mass in kilograms or  tonnes, that the finished sling or sling assembly, as  shown in annex B, is permitted to 
support after applying the mode fa ctor to the working load limit. ( Under  normal  condition of use, that is, not 
taking into consideratio n extreme conditions resulting, for example, from the action of extreme heat, 
abrasion, chemical reagents, e tc.)  
4 Safety Requirements  
4.1 General  
All load bearing parts of the complete web lashing shall show no evidence of deformation or other defects 
that affect the function at 1.25LC  
a) The tensioning device or components with moving parts shall fully retain its function; any permanent 
set in the longitudinal axis of the webbing slot shall be less than 2%  of the width of webbing;  
b) No seam failure shall occur;  
c) No slippage of the textile webbing through the tensioning device shall occur after settling.  
Afterwards , it shall withstand a force that will give  a coefficient of utiliz ation of  at least  2 when all parts are 
tested in accordance with 5.4. 
4.2 Flat woven textile webbing  
When loaded to LC the flat woven textile webbing shall not elongate by more than 7% when tested 
according to 5.3. A new unsewn textile webbing to be used in web lashings shall sustain a tension force of 
at least 3LC when tested according to 5.3. 
 
4.3 Tensioning devices  
4.3.1  General  
There shall be no sharp edges or burrs which may come into contact with textile webbings or the operator's 
hands. If removable hand cranks are used they shall be secured against accidental detachment.  
The backlash of the lever end of the tension ing device (in case of winches,  crank s) under a tensile force 
shall not exceed 150mm when opened.  
Tensioning devices shall be designed to exclude an unintentional release of the tension in the lashing.  
With a force corresponding to 0. 3LC applied to the web lashing, it shall be possible to disengage the 
tensioning device without tools so that it shall be re-usable after the test according to 5.5.2.  
Tensioning devices based upon winch principles shall be designed in such a way that after 214⁄ turns 
around the slotted pin, the loose end does not slide out (see Table 1).  
Tension ing devices shall be in such a way that, when used as intended by the manufacturer, there are no 
crushing or shearing points which might lead to the operator's hands being injured.  
 
 
  
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 4.3.2  Hand -operated tensioning device  
4.3.2.1  General  
A remaining tension of at least 0.1LC and not more than 0. 5LC shall be generated in the web lashing after 
the standard hand force of 500N has been applied to the handle of the tensioning device. The requirement 
of a remaining tension of at least 0.1LC applies only for hand -operated tensi oning devices, which are 
designed for frictional lashing to be used in web lashings with labelled STF. 
The seating of a tensioning device in contact with the webbing shall be well rounded, so that when tested 
in accordance with clause 5:  
a) there is no damag e likely to affect safety to the area of textile webbing in contact with the tensioning 
device;  
b) the tensioning device shows no sign of permanent deformation, cracks, flaws or other defects likely 
to affect safety when examined by a competent person.  
If removable hand cranks are used they shall be secured against an unintended detachment when loaded.  
The tensioning device (ratchets) shall require positive action to release the tension in the web lashing. 
The tensioning device shall take a minimum of 214⁄ turns of textile webbing around the slotted pin.  
4.3.2.2  Cyclic loading test of tensioning devices and tension retaining devices  
Tests on cyclic loading shall be carried out on web lashings of LC>5kN.  
The web lashing shall resist 100 alternations a t a frequency not higher than 0. 4Hz between 0.2LC and 
1.0LC without settling more than is given in Table 1 ( see also 5 .6). 
Table 1: Allowed settling of the textile webbing after cyclic loading test  
Lashing capacity LC ,  
kN Allowed settling with 214 ⁄turns 
around  the rotating axis , mm 
Lifting  Load securing  
5 < LC ≤ 20 10< LC ≤ 40 15 
20< LC ≤ 40 40< LC ≤ 80 20 
40< LC 80< LC 25 
 
4.3.2.3  Ratchet strength  
The ratchet has to withstand a force as given in Table 2, applied on the handle without failure when tested 
in accordance with 5.5.4. The force is applied on the central 1/3 of the handle width or by a textile webbing 
equal to the one used.  
 
 
  
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 Table 2: Minimum breaking force of ratchet at strength test using the ratchet handle  
S/N Internal width of ratchet , mm Handle test force , N 
1.    25 500 
2.  35 1500  
3.  50 2500  
4.  75 3500  
5.  100 4500  
4.3.2.4  Winch cranks  
On web lashings containing a winch, the crank or handle of which is demountable, the design of the winch 
shall be to ensure that an unintentional  detachment or release of the crank or handle is prevented.  
4.4 End fitting  
End fittings shall not present any sha rp corners, edges and burrs and shall be so designed that no crushing 
and shearing points arise.  
4.5 Tension retaining device  
Tension retaining devices shall fulfill the same requirements a s given for end fittings in 4.4 . They shall not 
allow any slippage of the webbing after closure is complete when tested in accordance with 5.6. 
 
4.6 Performance characteristics of the textile webbing  
4.6.1  Material  
The textile webbing shall be produced wholly from high tenacity yarns fast to light and heat stabilized with 
a tenacity of not less than 60cN per tex from one of the following materials:  
a) Polyamide (PA), high tenacity continuous multi filament;  
b) Polyester (PES), high tenacity continuous multifilament;  
c) Polypropylene (PP), high tenacity continuous multifilament.   
NOTE 1: Attention is drawn to the different resistance of man -made fibres to chemicals as summarized in Annex A .9.  
All seams shall be made from thread of the same material as that of the webbing and shall be made with a 
locking stitch.  
NOTE 2: To facilitate inspection, the sewing thread may be of a different colour from that of the webbing.  
4.6.2  Width   
The following tolerances shall be permitted on nominal width  when the webbing is tested in accordance 
with the requirements of TZS 44 :  
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 a) ±10 percent f or widths less than or equal to 100m, and  
b)  ±8 percent for widths greater than 100mm.  
NOTE:  Preferred widths are 25, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300mm.  
4.6.3  Thickness  
Webbing shall be of minimum thickness of 1. 2mm. When the sling consists  of several assembled webbings, 
these shall be identical.  
NOTE: The surfaces of the webbing may be covered with  suitable protection .  
4.6.4  Working load limit ( Capacity ) 
The working loa d limit for each sling in basic configuration ( see Fig. 1 ) shall be verified by use of the strength 
test given in 5.3. 
Note 1 : It is preferred that the working load limits for slings in basic configuration be chosen from following values either 
in kilograms or tonnes, taken from the R10 series of preferred numbers:  
160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800 kg  
1, 1.25, 1.6, 2, 2.5, 3.1, 4.5, 6.3, 8, 10, t  
Note 2:  The working load limit in kilograms corresponds to the maximum force of utilization in decanewtons x 1.02.   
 
Figure 1 - Basic configuration  
 
 
 
 
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 4.6.5  Maximum safe working load  
The maximum safe working load for a sling or sling assembly shall be the product of the working load limit 
of the sling in basic configuration and the mode factor  as specified in  annex B -1. The maximum safe working 
load for slings having preferred values for working load  limit shall be.as specified in  annex B -2. 
Note: Maximum safe working load = Working load limit  (WLL)  × Mode factor (M) 
4.6.6  Safety factor  
The maximum value for the safety factor, as defined in 3.18, shall be 6 for the sewn webbing component 
of slings, and 4 for end fittings.  
 
 
4.7 Tension force indicator (optional)  
Where a tension force indicator is fitted, the indicated values shall be easily readable.  
For mechanical systems the minimum movement of the indicators shall be (10 ± 1.5mm)/10 kN with in a 
temperature range of -10°C to + 40 °C.  
The same requirements as specified for tensioning devices shall apply by analogy to tension force 
indicators. If the tension force indicator fails the design shall ensure that the web lashing becomes not 
disconnected.  
5. Verification of safety requirements and type tests  
5.1 General  
Type tests in accordance with 5.3 to 5 .7 shall be carried out on at least two samples of each type.  
Production tests in accordance with 5.3 and 5 .4 shall be carried out on samples t aken in accordance with 
5.2. 
5.2 Sampling for production tests  
The sampling rates shall be as given in Table 3.  
Table 3 - Sampling rate for tensile testing of complete web lashings  
 
S/N Lashing capacity LC,  
kN Lot size  
Minimum sampling rate,  
2 samples per every    Lifting  Load securing  
1.  up to 5  up to 10  6000 pieces  
2.  over 5 up to 10  over 10 up to 20  3000 pieces  
3.  over 10 up to 30  over 20 up to 60  2000 pieces  
4.  Over 30  over 60  1000 pieces   
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 5.3 Tensile test of textile webbings  
5.3.1  Principle   
A representative sling i s submitted to a force equal to at least the  product of maximum force of ut ilization 
and the safety fac tor for sewn webbing component, that is, to a load at le ast equal to the product of the 
chosen working load limit and the safety factor.  
5.3.2  Apparatus   
A tensile testing machine of appropriate capacity with constant rate of traverse of straining head not  
exceeding  250mm  per minute  and with a maximum  scale reading not greater  than ten times the test force.  
5.3.3  Selection of specimens  
The first manufactured sling of same each material and working load limit shall be the first test specimen 
and further test specimens of the same type shall be selected at intervals of at least 250 slings 
manufactured. If the slings as manufactured are of a length unsuitable for  testing on available equipment, 
a test specimens shall be made identical with the slings but of a length suitable for testing.  
Note: In cases where slings are produced with end fittings having a strength less than the product of the maximum 
force of utili zation and the appropriate safety factor for the sewn webbing component, the specimen should be 
selected from 250 slings of the same type made at the same time as the production lot but without the end fittings.  
5.3.4  Test procedure  
Place the specimen straight and without twist in the test machine and submit it to a test force as described  
in 5.3.1. For an endless sling, apply the force to both parts. Apply the force so that the extension of the 
sling takes place at a constant rate of between 6 percent and 10 pe rcent of the initial length of the sling 
per m inute, but not exceeding 250mm /min. Where possible apply the force at such a rate that t he test 
force is reached in 60 ± 10s. 
5.3.4.1  Test slings with soft eyes on the machine by using bars of such diameter that the re sulting angle 
between the parts of the eye does not exceed 20. Test endless slings on the machine using bars 
of diameter not exceeding 100 mm or 10 percent of the eventual length of the sling, whichever is 
the lesser. Ensure that the whole of the stitching  is free of the bars during the test.  
 
5.3.5  Results  
If the test force specified in 5.3.4  or 5.3.4.1  is reached without breakage, the specimen shall be 
satisfactory . 
5.4 Testing of the complete web lashing  
The samples taken shall be submitted to a visual inspection, ensuring that no s harp edges and burrs come 
into contact with the webbings or the operator's hands and that no hand injuries by crushing and shearing 
may occur.  
Assemble the complete web lashing with its end fittings using ordinary means of at tachment for mounting 
in a tensile testing machine. If the tensioning element in the web lashing is a ratchet the slo tted axis shall 
be in proper position.    
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 Load the web lashing to 1.25LC,  maintained for one minute. The test shall be carried out with 214⁄ turns 
around the rotating axis.  
All load bearing parts of the complete web lashing shall show no evidence of deformation or any other 
defect that affect the function.  
After release of this force:  
a) Inspect the component for permanent distortion;  
b) No malfunction shall occur, as described in 4.1 a, b and c  
NOTE: Elongation of the material of the webbing and circumferential bedding in of the tensioning device should not be 
confused with slippage of the webbing in the tensioning device.  
After this in spection the complete web lashing shall withstand at least 2LC without failure (with 214⁄ turns 
around the rotating axis).  
NOTE:  The breaking force may then be determined.  
Other end fittings or means of attachment shall be tested. This may be done with the webbing only 
(without ratchet) so that all combinations may then be considered tested.  
5.5 Type testing for ratchets and other tensioning devices with rotating axis  
5.5.1  Test of pre -tension ability  
The complete web lashing shall be  attached to two fixed points 0.5m  to 4m apart, or a 
corresponding vertical or horizontal testing machine shall be utilized. Usually the upper clamping 
device is connected with the force measuring device . 
When a web lashing with ratchet is to be tested, the slotted axis into which the webbing has been 
inserted shall be turned 114⁄ turns at the beginning of the test including the long loose end (see 
Figure 1b). The textile webbing shall be positioned such tha t after 114⁄ turns tension is built up in 
the web lashing. The maximum value is 0. 05LC (see Figure  2). 
 
                                                                   Figure  2 - Testing procedure  
The handle shall then be moved so that, when applying the standard hand force, it is situated at 
right angles (± 5°) to the axis of the textile webbing (see Fi gure 3 ).  The handle shall then be 
 
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 released in order to activate the locking device. Measure the force that the tensioning device retains 
in the web la shing 10 seconds after the handle has been released. Repeat this procedure 4 times 
(in case of uneven number of teeth 2 x 3 times, 180' different starting position) after re -positioning 
the textile webbing in the slot and calculate the mean value of 4 (in case of uneven number of teeth 
delete the maximum and minimum value), it shall have a max. value of 0. 5LC and for ratchets and 
other tensioning devices with rotating axis designed for frictional lashin g a min. value of 0.1LC or 
more in steps of 0.02LC (e g . 0.12LC; 0.14LC; 0.16LC; 0.18LC; 0. 20LC ... ).  
Key  
1 – Load    
2 – Idler pulleys  
3 – Rope  
4 – Force transducer  
5 – Fixing point  
6 – Slotted axis  
7 – Handle  
8 – Textile webbing  
 
Figure 3  - Schematic arrangement for testing the pre -tensioning ability of ratchets  
 
 
 
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 5.5.2  Test of the ability to release under tension  
The ability to release under tension shall be tested by loa ding the web lashing to 0.3LC, and 
releasing the tension in the web lashing by hand without the use of tools.  
After release of the load, the following characteristics of the tensioning device shall be noted:  
a) ability to release by hand without tools;  
b) appraisal of any hazard to the ope rator at release.  
 
 
5.5.3  Cyclic loading test  
5.5.3.1  For ratchets and winches  
The te xtile webbing shall be wound 214⁄ times around the split pin at the start of the test. The 
length of the free textile webbing shall be (0.5 - 1.0)m ( see Figure 4 ).   
Load the web lashing in straight pull with a force equivalent to LC.  
Reduce the load to 0.2LC .  
Draw a line, e. g. with a marker pen, on the textile webbing at the tensioning device.  
Subject the web lashing to 100 cycles at a frequency not exceeding 0.4H z between 0. 2LC and 
1.0LC.  
Measure the circumferential settl ing of the textile webbing at 0. 2LC; the values of Table 1 shall 
not be exceeded.  
NOTE 1 : The sampl e used f or the cyclic loading test may be used for the determination of the breaking 
force.  
       NOTE  2: Two possible fixings in the test machine for the cyclic loading test procedure are shown in      
figure 3 .                 
 
Key  
1 - Length of the free textile webbing  
Figure 4  - Fixings for cyclic loading test  
 
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 5.5.3.2  For other tensioning devices  and tension retaining devices  
Insert the web lashing into the device (if appropriate, as shown in Figure 2 ).  
Secure the device, and load to 1LC  
Reduce the load to 0.2LC.  
Draw a line, e. g. with a marker pen, on the web lashing at the device.  
Subject the web lashing to 100 cycles between 0.2LC and 1.0LC at a frequency not exceeding 
0.4Hz.  
On completion of the test, the position of the line relative to its initial position shall be checked 
at 0.2LC . The movement of the line shall not exceed the  limits stated in Table 1.   
5.5.4  Strength test using the ratchet handle  
Mount the sample handle into a fixture such that the slotted axis is prevented from turning (see 
Figure 5 ). Apply a force acting at 90° to the handle. Increase the force until failure occurs. Note the 
breaking force and the location of the rupture . 
 
Figure 5  - Positioning for strength test of the handle  
5.5.5  Testing of winch cranks  
On web lashings containing a winch,  the crank or handle of which is demountable, the design of 
the winch shall be investigated visually and a function test shall be made by hand to make sure 
that inadvertent detachment or release of the crank or handle is prevented.  
5.6 Type testing for other t ensioning devices and tension retaining devices  
The type tests tor  these devices shall consist of:  
a) the cyclic loading test (5 .5.3.2);  
b) the test o f the ability to  release under tension (5.5.2);  
c) the test of recoil (5 .7). 
 
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5.7 Test of recoil  
When moving th e lever of tensioning devices duri ng the test in accordance with 5 .5.2, the recoil at the 
end of the handle buckle or lever shall be measured (max. 150mm).  
 
5.8 Re-test and acceptance criteria  
When type testing, if either of the two samples fails to meet the requireme nts of one or more of the 
tests in 5.3 or 5 .7, two more similar samples shall be tested.  
 
When production testing, if one sample fails to meet the requirements of one or more of th e tests in 5.2 
or 5.4, two more samples shall be taken from the same produc tion series or batch and shall be tested.  
 
If any sample for re -testing, for either type or production testing fails to meet the requirement s of any 
of the above tests, th e web lashing shall be considered as not meeting the requirements of this Draft 
Tanz ania Standard.  
 
6. Test report  
The following points shall be reported to be part of the technical file of the manufacturer:  
a) If the web lashing  fails during the test (5.3 and 5.4);  
b) Any damage to the webbing surface;  
c) Any sign of permanent distortion, cracks, flaws or any other defects on the fittings or tensioning 
device (5.4);  
d) Maximum tensile force applied (5.4);  
e) That at 2LC no failure occurred (5.4);  
f) Mean value of the pre -tension force and obtained level (5.5.1);  
g) Results of the cyclic loading test (5.5.3/5.6 ); 
h) Results of the handle strength test (5.5.4);  
i) Results of the re -test (5.8).  
 
7. Marking   
a) Lashing capacity LC; 
b) Length in meter;  
c) Norminal width and thickness;  
d) Standard hand force S HF; 
e) Material of the textile webbing;  
f) Warning “not for lifting”;  
g) Manufacturer or supplier’s name or symbol;  
h) Date of manufacture;  
i) Elongation of textile webbing in % at LC.  
End fittings, tensioning devices, tension retaining devices and tension indicators of LC ≥5kN shall be marked 
with the manufacturer s or supplier's name or symbol.  
The value of LC s hall be marked on parts with LC≥ 5kN in kN, on parts with LC<5kN in daN . 
Labels s hall have the following colours;  
a) Blue for PES webbing;  
b) Green for PA webbing and   
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 c) Brown for PP webbing.  
 
 
8. Instructions for use.  
Instructions for use shall accompany each web lashing or web lashing equipment in accordance with   
Annex A . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
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 Annex A  
(Normative)  
A.1 In selecting and using web lashings, consideration shall be given to the required lashing capacity, 
taking into account the mode of use and the nature of the lo ad to be secured. The size, shape and weight 
of the load, together with the intended method of u se, transport environment and the nature of the load 
will affect the correct selection. For stability reasons free -standing units of load have to be secured with 
a minimum of one pair of web lashings for frictional lashing and two pairs of web lashing for diagonal 
lashing . 
 
A.2 The selected web lashings shall both be str ong enough and of the correct length for the mode of use. 
Basic lashing rules : 
a) Plan the fitting  and removal operations of lashing  before starting a journey;  
b) Keep in mind that during journeys  parts of the load may have to be unloaded;  
c) Only those web lashings designed  for frictional lashing with S TF on the label are to be used for 
frictional lashing . 
d) Check the tension force periodically, especially shortly after starting the journey.  
 
A.3 Because of different behaviour and elongation under load conditions, different lashing equipment (e. 
g. las hing chain and web lashings) sh all not be used to lash the same load. Consideration shall also be 
given to ancillary fittings (components) and lashin g devices in the load restraint assembly are compatible 
with the web lashing.  
 
A.4 During use flat hooks ( see D2 in Figure 1 ) shall engage over the complete width of the bearing surface 
of the hook . 
 
A.5 Release of t he web lashing: Care should be t aken to ensure that the stability of the load i s 
independent of the lashing equipment and that the release of the web lashing shall not cause the load to 
fall off the vehicle, thus endangering the personnel. If necessary attach lifting equipment for furthe r 
transport to the load before releasing the tensioning device in order to prevent accidental falling and/or 
tilting of the load. This applies as well when using tensioning devices which allow controlled removal . 
 
A.6 Before attempting to unl oad a  unit of load its web lashin gs shall be released so that it can be lifted 
freely from the load platform.  
 
A.7 During loading and unloading attention has to be paid to proximity of any low overhead power lines.  
 
A.8 The materials from which web lashings are manufactured have a selective resistance to chemical 
attack.  
Seek the advice of the manufacturer or supplier if exposure to chemicals is anticipated. It should be noted 
that the effects of chemicals may increase with rising temperature. The resistance of m an-made fibres t o 
chemicals is summarized below;  
-Polyamides are virtually immune to the effects of alkalis. However, they are attacked by mineral acids  
-Polyester is resistant to min eral acids but is attacked by al kalis. 
-Polypropylene is little affected by acids and al kalis and is suitable for applications where high resistance 
to chemicals (other than certain organic solvents) is required.  
Solutions of acids or alkalis which are harmless may become sufficiently concent rated by evaporation to 
cause damage . Take contaminated webbings out of service at once,  thoroughly soak them in cold water  
and dry naturally.   
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A.9 Web lashings complying with this Draft Tanzania Standard  are suitable for use in the following 
temperature ranges : 
a) - 40 °C to +80 °C for polypropylene (PP);  
b) - 40 °C to +100 °C for polyamides (PA);  
c) - 40 °C to +120 °C for Polyester  (PES); 
These ranges may v ary in a chemical environment . In that case the advice of the manufacturer or supplier 
shall be sought.  
Changing the environmental temperature during transport may affect the forces in the web lashing. Check 
the tension force after entering warm areas  
             A.10 Web lashings shall b e rejected or returned to the manufacturer for repair if they show any signs of 
damage.  
The foll owing cr iteria are considered to be signs of damage:  
-Only web lash ings bearing identification labels shall be repaired ; 
-If there is any accidental  contact with chemical products,  a web lashing shall be removed from service 
and the manufacturer or supplier shall be consulted ; 
-For web lashings (to be rejected): tears, cuts,  nicks and breaks in load bearin g fibres and retaining 
stitches;  deformations resulting from exposure to heat ; 
-For end f ittings and tensioning devices: deformations, s plits, pronounced signs of wear,  signs of 
corrosion.  
A.11  Care should be taken that the web lashing is not damaged by the sharp edges of the load on which 
it is used.  
A visual inspection before and after each use is recommended.  
A.12  Only legibly marked and labeled web lashings shall be used.  
A.13  Web lashings shall not be overloaded : Only the maximum hand force of 500 N (50 daN on the label: 
1 daN  = 1 kg) shall be applied.  Mechanical aids such as le vers,  bars etc. as extensions  are not to be 
used unless they are part of the tensioning device . 
A.14 Web lashings shall never be used when knot ted. 
A.15 Damage to labels shall be prevented by keeping them away from sharp edges of the load  and. if 
possible, from the load.  
A.16 The webbing shall be protected against friction, abrasion and damage from loads with sharp edges 
by using protective  sleeves and/or corner protectors.  
 
Annex B  
(Clauses 3.20 , 3.21 and 4.6 .5)  
                                                                                                                                                       TDC 8  (16) CD 3 
 
 MODES OF ASSEMBLY, MODE FACTORS AND MAXIMUM SAFE WORKING  
LOADS FOR SINGLE AND ENDLESS SLINGS  
B-1 MODES OF ASSEMBLY AND MODE FACTORS  
For single and endless slings shall be as shown in figure 6 below:   
 
Figure 6 – modes of assembly for single and endless slings  
 
 
B-2 MAXIMUM SAFE WORKING LOAD  
 
                                                                                                                                                       TDC 8  (16) CD 3 
 
 The maximum safe working loads for slings having the preferred values for working load limit (see 4. 6.4) 
shall be as given in Table 4. 
Table 4: Maximum Safe Working Loads for p referred Working Load Limits  
Working Load 
Limit for each 
sling in basic 
configuration, 
kg Corresponding 
minimum 
strength of the 
sewn webbing 
component, 
daN Maximum safe working loads  
Straight 
lift, 
M1)=1 
kg Chocked 
lift, 
M=0.8  
kg Basket hitch  2-legged 
sling,  
0 to 90°  
M=1.4  
kg 4-legged 
sling,  
0 to 90°  
M=2 
kg Parallel, 
M=2 
kg 90°, 
M=1.4  
kg 
160 940 160 130 320 220 220 320 
200 1180  200 160 400 280 280 400 
250 1470  250 200 500 350 350 500 
315 1850  315 250 630 440 440 630 
400 2350  400 320 800 560 560 800 
500 2940  500 400 t2) 
1.0  
700  
700 t 
1.0 
630 3700  630 500 1.25 880 880 1.25 
800 4700  800 640 1.6 t 
1.1 t 
1.1 1.6 
t 
1.0 5880  t 
1.0 800  
2.0  
1.4 1.4 2.0 
1.25 7350  1.25 t 
1.0  
2.5  
1.8 1.8 2.5 
1.6 9410  1.6 1.3 3.2 2.2 2.2 3.2 
2.0 11760  2.0 1.6 4.0 2.8 2.8 4.0 
2.5 14700  2.5 2.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 
3.1 18500  3.1 2.5 6.3 4.4 4.4 6.3 
4.0 23500  4.0 3.2 8.0 5.6 5.6 8.0 
5.0 29400  5.0 4.0 10.0 7.0 7.0 10.0 
6.3 37000  6.3 5.0 12.6 8.8 8.8 12.6 
8.0 47000  8.0 6.4 16.0 11.2 11.2 16.0 
10.0 58000  10.0 8.0 20.0 14.0 14.0 20.0 
1)M = Mode factor            2)t = tonne