PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS DEAS  1017 -1 
First   Edition  
2019-mm-dd 
 
 Reference number  
DUS DEAS  1017 -1: 2019 
© UNBS 2019 
   
Sanitary appliances (vitreous china) — Part 1: General 
requirements  
 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS DEAS 1017-1: 2019 
ii                © UNBS  2019 - All rights reserved 
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations 
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2019 
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to 
The Executive Director 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
P.O. Box 6329 
Kampala 
Uganda 
Tel: +256 417 333 250/1/2 
Fax: +256 414 286 123 
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS DEAS 1017-1 : 2019 
© UNBS  2019 - All rights reserved                iii National foreword 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended.  UNBS is mandated to co-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). 
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders. 
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
This Draft Uganda Standard, DUS DEAS 1017-1: 2019, Sanitary appliances (vitreous china) — Part 1: 
General requirements , is identical with and has been reproduced from an East African Standard, DEAS 1017-
1: 2019, Sanitary appliances (vitreous china) — Part 1: General requirements , and is being proposed for 
adoption as a Uganda Standard. 
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/TC 4,  Mechanical  
Engineering and metallurgy.
Wherever the words, “ East African Standard " appear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard." 
 
 
 
 
  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT
 DEAS 1017 -1:2019 
ICS 91.140.70  
 
© EA C 2019                                                                                                                              First Edition 2019  
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD 
Sanitary appliances (vitreous china) — Part 1: General requirements 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTPUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
ii © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice 
This EAC document is copyright-protected by EAC. While the reproduction of this document by 
participants in the EAC standards development process is permitted without prior permission from EAC, 
neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for 
any other purpose without prior written permission from EAC. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed 
as shown below or to EAC’s member body in the country of the requester:  
© East African Community 2019  — All rights reserved 
East African Community  
P.O. Box 1096, 
Arusha 
Tanzania 
Tel: + 255 27 2162100 
Fax: + 255 27 2162190 
E-mail: eac@eachq.org 
       Web: www.eac-quality.net 
Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement. 
Violators may be prosecuted. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017-1:2019 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents Page 
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv 
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1  
2 Normative referen ces ............................................................................................................................ 1  
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 1  
4 Material ................................................................................................................................................... 3  
5 Application of glazing ........................................................................................................................... 3  
6 Permissible blemishes or defects ....................................................................................................... 3  
6.1 Water closet pans, bidets, squatting pans, urinals, partition plates, pedestals, short 
pedestals and accessories ................................................................................................................... 3  
6.2 Wash basins, laboratory sinks and drinking fountains ..................................................................... 5  
6.3 Flushing cisterns, auto cisterns and covers ...................................................................................... 6  
6.4 Illumination during visual examination ............................................................................................... 6  
7 Minimum thickness and tolerances ..................................................................................................... 7  
8 Performance requirements ................................................................................................................... 7  
8.1 Warpage ................................................................................................................................................. 7  
8.2 Crazing ................................................................................................................................................... 7  
8.3 Water absorption ................................................................................................................................... 7  
8.4 Modulus of rupture ................................................................................................................................ 7  
8.5 Chemical resistance .............................................................................................................................. 7  
8.6 Resistance to staining .......................................................................................................................... 8  
9 Test procedures ..................................................................................................................................... 8  
9.1 Warpage ................................................................................................................................................. 8  
9.2 Crazing ................................................................................................................................................... 8  
9.2.1  Test pieces ............................................................................................................................................. 8  
9.2.2  Test procedure ....................................................................................................................................... 8  
9.3 Water absorption test ............................................................................................................................ 8  
9.3.1  Test sample ............................................................................................................................................ 8  
9.3.2  Test procedure ....................................................................................................................................... 8  
9.3.3  Evaluation of test pieces ...................................................................................................................... 9  
9.4 Modulus of rupture ................................................................................................................................ 9  
9.4.1  Test pieces ............................................................................................................................................. 9  
9.4.2 Test procedure ....................................................................................................................................... 9  
9.4.3  Evaluation of results ............................................................................................................................. 9  
9.5 Procedure for taking samples for test ............................................................................................... 10 
Annex A (normative)  Lead solubility test ...................................................................................................... 11 
A.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 11 
Annex B (normative)  Tests for chemical resistan ce .................................................................................... 12 
B.1 Control test piece size ........................................................................................................................ 12 
B.2 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................. 12 
Annex C (normative)  Tests for resistance to staining and burning ........................................................... 13 
C.1 Test piece size ..................................................................................................................................... 13 
C.2 Test procedure ..................................................................................................................................... 13 
Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
iv © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword 
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
The Community has established an East African Standards Committee (EASC) mandated to develop and 
issue East African Standards (EAS).  The Committee is composed of representatives of the National 
Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the public and private sector 
organizations in the community .  
East African Standards are developed through Technical Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties. 
Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the 
Partner States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the Principles and procedures for development of East African Standards. XXXXXX. 
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
The committee responsible  for this document is Technical Committee EASC/TC EASC/TC: 037, Utensils, 
cutlery, Sanitary wares and fittings and domestic hardware. 
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDRAFT EAST AFRICAN STAND ARD  DEAS 1017 -1:2019  
 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  1 
 Sanitary appliances (Vitreous china) — Part 1: General requirements 
1 Scope  
This Draft East African standard covers general requirements relating to terminology, material an d 
manufacture, glazing, defects, minimum thickness, tolerances, performance and methods of test for vitreous 
sanitary appliances. 
2 Normative references  
There are no normative references in this document. 
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: 
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  
3.1  
blister 
raised portion of the surface protruding not more than 1.0 mm above the surface and not greater than 3 mm in 
its maximum dimension 
3.2  
blemish  
mark or a flaw that may spoil the appearance of the product 
3.3  
bubble 
raised portion of the surface less than 1 mm maximum diameter 
3.4  
craze or crazing 
fine cracks in the glaze 
3.5  
discolouration 
coloured spot greater than 6 mm in its maximum dimension or a concentrated number of specks or spots to 
give the effect of a change in colour 
3.6  
dull finish 
undeveloped glaze, slightly matt in appearance or a non-glossy finish on a visible surface PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
2 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 3.7  
dunt  
hair-line fracture extending through the body of the appliance 
3.8  
egg shell finish 
uniform semi-matt glaze 
3.9  
exposed body 
unglazed portion 1.5 mm or more in its maximum dimension 
3.10  
finish 
texture and condition of a surface other than its colour 
3.11  
fire crack 
fine shallow crack in the body, not covered with glaze. fire crack, where not on a visible surface, may not 
necessarily be detrim ental  
3.12  
flushing surface 
surface visible after installation and which becomes wet during the operation of the appliance 
3.13   
glazing 
impermeable layer of vitreous ceramic material fired onto the surface 
3.14 
grouping 
number of spots, blisters, pinholes or specks within any pottery square 
3.15  
kiln support marks 
large unglazed surfaces resulting from blocks or pins necessary to support the appliance while firing but not 
visible after installation of the appliance 
3.16  
pinhole 
hole in the body less than 1.5 mm in its maximum dimension 
3.17  
polishing mark 
spot where some minor blemish has been ground off and surface polished, the area of the spot not exceeding 
the area of a 10 mm diameter circle 
3.18  
pottery square 
square of dimensions 50x50 mm selected on the appliances for examining visual defects 
3.19  
projection 
raised portion of not less than 6 mm in its maximum dimension on a visible surface 
3.20  
speck 
area of contrasting colour less than 1 mm maximum dimension. (speck less than 0.25 mm maximum 
dimension do not constitute a defect unless sufficient in number to form a discolouration) PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017-1:2019 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  3 
 3.21  
spot 
area of contrasting colour on the visible surface more than 1 mm but less than 3 mm in maximum dimension 
3.22  
vitreous china 
an enamel coating that is applied to ceramics, particularly porcelain, after they've been fired 
3.23  
visible surface 
surface which after installation of the appliance is readily visible to an observer in a normal standing position 
3.24  
warpage 
distortion of original shape during the manufacturing process 
3.25  
wavy finish 
defect in the having the appearance of numerous runs in the glaze; irregular or mottled finish. 
4 Material 
The body of a sanitary appliance shall be essentially made from ceramic materials such as quartz and 
feldspar, subject to the requirements of clause 8. The vitreous glazing medium shall be fused to the body of 
the sanitary appliance to render the surface(s) of the sanitary appliance impervious non-crazing to moisture 
giving a white or coloured finish. 
5 Application of glazing 
5.1 the vitreous glazing medium shall be thoroughly fused to the body. Subject to exceptions, given in 5.1.1, 
5.1.2 and 5.1.3 all exposed surfaces of an appliance shall be uniformly glazed, shall be free from craze and 
discolouration and shall possess an impervious surface. It shall have a high gloss and be of such a thickness 
and opacity as to give a uniform colour and finish to the surface. 
5.1.1  Surfaces coming into contact with walls and floors maybe without glaze. 
5.1.2  On wash basins set away from walls, those portions of the rear aprons used for supporting the 
appliances in kilns; the backs of overflows and the undersides of outlet bosses maybe without glaze. 
5.1.3  Appliances may have unglazed portions but the unglazed surfaces shall not be visible when the 
appliance is installed in the normal manner. 
5.2 The materials used for making glaze shall not contain lead or a lead compound and shall also be non-
asbestos containing material. In case of certain colouring oxides used for making coloured glaze, the lead 
content, if any shall not exceed 5 % of the weight of the glaze when tested as per method described in Annex 
A 
6 Permissible blemishes or defects 
6.1 Water closet pans, bidets, squatting pans, urinals, partition plates, pedestals, short 
pedestals and accessories 
When examined from any point on the viewing circle as illustrated in Figure 1, the appliance shall not show, to 
the unaided eye of a trained observer, blemishes or defects in excess of those listed in Table 1. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
4 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 
 
Figure 1 — Perspective view of viewing circle 
Table 1 — Blemishes or defects permitted in Water closet pans, bidets, squatting pans, urinals, 
partition plates, pedestals, short pedestals and accessories 
Location  Blemish  Maximum permitted  
General  Wavy finish  None on all visible surfaces  
Dunts  None  
firecracks  None on visible surfaces  
on non -visible surfaces: One, not 
longer than 6 mm  
Warpages:  
WC pan and bidets  
Squatting pans  Not more than 6 mm  
Not more than 6 mm for  long 
pattern of 580 mm size  
Not more than 10 mm for long 
patterns of 630 mm size and 
Orissa patterns of 580 mm and 
630 mm sizes.  
Other appliances  Not more than 1 mm per 100 mm; 
total warpage not more than 6 mm.  
Accessories  Not to exceed 5 mm on any pl ane 
Discolouration  None on all visible surfaces  
Flushing surface and horizontal face of rims of 
WC pans, squatting pans, bidets and urinals  Spots, blisters and 
pinholes  A total of not more than three, no 
grouping . Pinhole limited to one 
each.  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017-1:2019 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  5 
 Bubbles and 
specks  Not over two in one pottery 
square, a total of not over four. For 
coloured appliances, a total not 
over two.  
Visible surfaces other than above  Polishing marks  One only; none permitted for 
coloured appliances  
Spots, blisters and 
pinholes  A tot al of not over five; not 
grouping. For coloured appliance 
no blisters are permitted and 
pinholes are limited to a total of 
two 
Bubbles and 
specks  Not over three in one pottery 
square; a total of not over ten  
Polishing marks  Two only. One permitted for 
coloured appliances  
 
6.2 Wash basins, laboratory sinks and drinking fountains 
When examined from a distance 0f 60 cm, the surface of the appliance shall not show to the unaided eye, 
blemishes or defects in excess of those listed in Table 2. 
Table 2 — Blemishes or defects permitted on wash basins, laboratory sinks and drinking fountains 
Location  Blemish  Maximum permitted  
General  Wavy finish  None on all visible surfaces  
Dunts  None  
Firecracks  None on visible surfaces  
On non -visible surfaces: One, not 
longer than 6 mm  
Warpages:  Warpage of slab out of horizontal 
plane not to exceed 6 mm on all 
sizes (warpage of backs of wash 
basins which are attached to the 
wall not to exceed 3 mm).  
Wash basins and 
drinking fountains  Warpage not  to exceed ±3% on all 
planes  
Laboratory sinks  Not more than 1 mm per 100 mm; 
total warpage not more than 6 mm.  
Discolouration  None on all visible surfaces  
Service space, top of slab, inside of bowl, front of 
fascia  Spots, blisters and 
pinholes  A total  of not over two, no 
grouping. For coloured appliances, 
no blisters are permitted and 
pinhole limited to one only  
Bubbles and 
specks  A total of not over four, no 
grouping. For coloured appliances, 
a total of not over two  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
6 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Polishing marks  One only; none permitted for 
coloured appliances  
Face of internal, back and side  Spots, blisters and 
pinholes  One only, on back or on either 
side; a total of not over three. For 
coloured appliances, no blisters 
are permitted and pinholes are 
limited to a total of two  
Bubbles and 
specks  A total of not over four, no 
grouping  
Polishing marks  Two only. One permitted for 
coloured appliances  
 
6.3 Flushing cisterns, auto cisterns and covers 
When examined from a distance of 60 cm, the outer surface of the cistern and its cover when assembled shall 
not show, to the unaided eye, blemishes or defects in excess of those given in Table 3. 
Table 3 — Blemishes or defects permitted on flushing cisterns, auto cisterns and covers 
Location  Blemish or defect  Maximum permitted  
General  Warpage  Warpage of the flat back portion in 
case of cisterns not to exceed 5 
mm and for bottom portion in case 
of coupled cistern not to exceed 3 
mm 
Dunts  None  
Firecracks  None on visible surfaces  
On non -visible surfaces: One, not 
longer than 6 mm  
Discolouration  None on visible surfaces  
Visible surface  Wavy finish  Not more than 2  500 mm2 on the 
back ends only  
Spots, blisters and pinholes  A total of not more than four, no 
grouping. However, a total; of not 
over one on cover s. For coloured 
appliances, blisters and pinholes 
limited to one each, none on 
covers.  
Bubbles and specks  Not over two in one pottery 
square, a total of not over six, 
including not over two on cover.  
Polishing marks  Two only, none on cover; none 
permit ted for coloured appliances  
 
6.4 Illumination during visual examination 
When checking an appliance by visual examination, either in natural or artificial light, the uniform light intensity 
at the surface of the appliance shall be 300 Ix when checked with a light meter. Artificial lighting when used, PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017-1:2019 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  7 
 shall be provided by one or more fluorescent lamps of colour temperature 6500K, positioned 2 m minimum 
above the top of the appliance. The appliance shall be positioned so that it is between the light source and the 
observer. 
7 Minimum thickness and tolerances 
7.1 The thickness at any point in an appliance shall not be less than 6 mm. 
7.2 Except where otherwise specified in individual product standard, the following tolerances shall apply: 
a) On dimensions 75 mm and more; ±2 % of the specified dimension or ±2mm whichever is greater; 
b) On dimensions less than 75 mm; ±5 % of the specified dimension or ±2 mm whichever is greater; 
c) On the height of the flush outlet of P-traps, or horizontal outlets; ±5 mm and 
d) On all angles; ±3 ° 
8 Performance requirements 
8.1 Warpage 
The appliance shall be considered to be within the warpage limits if a feeler gauge of thickness equal to the 
maximum warpage specified in Tables 1, 2 or 3 does not slide under the appliances without application of 
force, as detailed in 9.1. 
8.2 Crazing 
When tested in accordance with the procedure given in 9.2, none of the test pieces shall show crazing. 
8.3 Water absorption 
The average value of water absorption of the test piece when evaluated as given in 9.3 shall not exceed 0.5 
%. No individual result shall exceed 0.75 %. 
8.4 Modulus of rupture 
8.4.1  The average modulus of rapture of ten samples when tested by the method described in 9.4 shall not 
be less than 60 Mpa. 
8.4.2  Values taken for determination of the average shall not vary by more than ±20% of the average value. 
Values above or below 20 % of the average may be discarded for the calculation of the average value. 
8.4.3  If the fractured surface of the test pieces shows lamination, crack or a cavity at the centre or any other 
defect, those test pieces shall be rejected but minimum ten test pieces shall be available for working out the 
average value. 
8.5 Chemical resistance 
When tested by the method described in Annex B, none of the test pieces shall appear to the unaided eye to 
have suffered any loss of reflectivity of the glaze when compared with a control sample. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
8 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 8.6 Resistance to staining 
When tested by the method described in Annex C, no sample shall remain on either of the test piece. 
9 Test procedures 
9.1 Warpage 
The appliance shall be placed face down on a flat surface, preferably a surface plate to ascertain the amount 
of deviation from the horizontal plane that exists at the edges of the appliance. If the appliance rocks, on two 
points, a horizontal plane shall be determined by placing the feeler gauge of thickness equal to the maximum 
warpage permitted for the appliance (see tables 1, 2, or 3) under one lower corner and forcing the appliance 
down on this gauge. If a second feeler gauge of the same thickness does not slide at any other point, the 
appliance shall be considered as not warped out of the horizontal plane and to be in conformity with the 
permissible warpage limits. 
9.2 Crazing 
9.2.1  Test pieces 
Three test pieces each having, a surface area or not less than 250 cm2·shall be broken from widely separated 
parts of' the appliance. At least one major surface shall be glazed surface. Care shall be taken not to produce 
crack. Either in the body or in glaze; any such pieces shall be discarded. Surfaces other than major surfaces 
shall be unglazed and freshly broken. Alternatively, test pieces of surface area not less than 250 cm2 and 10 
mm minimum thickness with one major surface glazed may be separately made using the same body and 
glaze materials as used in the making of the appliance of the batch and put through the kiln along with the 
appliances. In the unglazed faces of the alternative pieces, grooves of 2 mm deep shall be cut with grinding 
wheels to expose the inside of the body. 
9.2.2  Test procedure 
The test pieces shall be placed for 10 hours or, for two periods of five hours each, in a vessel in an autoclave 
in which saturated steam is maintained at a pressure between 0.34 Mpa to 0·31 MPa. The test pieces shall be 
allowed to cool to room temperature inside the autoclave and afterwards soaked for 12 hours in a solution or 
dye to which a small quantity of wetting agent has been added. Examine the test pieces for crazing. 
9.3 Water absorption test 
9.3.1  Test sample 
The test sample shall consist or three pieces, each having a surface area of approximately 100 cm2, taken 
from widely separated parts of the appliance. At least one major surface shall be a glazed surface. Surfaces 
other than major surfaces shall be unglazed and freshly broken. Care shall, be taken not to produce cracks 
either in the body or in the glaze. Such test. pieces with cracks shall be discarded. Alternatively, test pieces of 
the same surface area and 10 mm minimum thickness with one major surface glazed shall be separately 
made using the same batch and glaze materials as used in making of the appliances of the batch and put 
through the kiln along with the appliances. In the unglazed faces of. The alternative pieces, grooves of 2 mm 
deep shall be cut with grinding wheels to expose the inside or the body. 
9.3.2  Test procedure 
The test pieces shall be dried to a constant mass at a temperature between 110°C and 115 °C and then 
cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. The pieces shall be weighed to an accuracy of not less than 0.01 
g and placed in a vessel from which the air can be removed, maintaining the pressure at less than 4.2 KPa for 
one hour. Cold freshly boiled distilled water shall then be admitted to the vessel without reducing the vacuum 
until the pieces are covered, Air is then admitted to the Vessel and the pieces removed and boiled in distilled PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017-1:2019 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  9 
 water for not less than 20 minutes. The piece shall then be allowed to cool and remain in this water for atleast 
12 h. The test pieces shall be wiped dry with a damp and smooth cloth in such a manner al to remove the 
surface water only and then weighed. 
9.3.3  Evaluation of test pieces 
Water absorption of the test pieces shall be calculated as follows: 
100
11 2
MM MW
 
Where, 
W percentage of water absorption by mass 
M1 mass of test piece after treatment, and 
M2 mass of the dry test piece 
9.4 Modulus of rupture 
9.4.1  Test pieces 
Sample test bars shall be separately prepared, using the same body material as used in making, the 
appliance of a batch and shall be fired in the same kiln along with the appliances. They shall be square or 
circular in section and the cross-sectional area shall not be less than 150 mm2 and 150 mm long, and shall not 
be glazed. 
9.4.2  Test procedure 
The modulus or rupture shall be determined by using at least 10 of these bars mounted on support 125 mm 
apart, and loaded rapidly (approximately 5 kg/s) at the mid-point. 
9.4.3  Evaluation of results 
The modulus of rupture shall be calculated from the formula: 
25.1
bdPLS
 for rectangular cross-section, or 
38
DPLS

 for circular cross-section. 
Where, 
S Modulus of rupture 
P Total load, N 
l Length of span, mm 
b Width of test bar to the nearest 0.1 mm 
d depth of test bar to the nearest 0.1 mm PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
10 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 D Diameter of test bar, mm 
9.5 Procedure for taking samples for test 
Samples for crazing, water absorption, and modulus of rupture tests shall be taken as follows: 
a) In the case of tunnel kilns, two test pieces for crazing test and two test pieces for water absorption test 
shall be kept in one trolley during a shift of 8 h. A lot of 20 pieces shall be kept in the centre of the 
trolley or in different parts of the platform for purpose of carrying out modulus of rupture test on 
minimum of 10 pieces twice a week. 
b) If the firing is done in intermittent kiln, the samples for all tests should be kept at least at 12 places. 
The samples after firing shall be collected and stored. 
c) Number of samples as specified under each test shall be selected out of the test pieces obtained from 
a) and b) above. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017-1:2019 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex A 
(normative)  
 
Lead solubility test 
A.1 General 
A weighed quality of material (glaze) dried at 100 °C shall be shaken continuously for one hour (at room 
temperature) with 1 000 times its weight of dilute hydrochloric acid (50 % dilution, specific gravity 1.18). 
Thereafter, it shall be allowed to stand for 1 h and then filtered. The lead salt contained in the clear filtrate 
shall be precipitated as lead sulphate. The weight of lead sulphate calculated as lead monoxide shall not 
exceed 5 % of the dry weight of the sample taken for the test. 
Note The test should preferably be conducted at the manufacturer’s premises.  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
12 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Annex B  
(normative) 
 
Tests for chemical resistance 
B.1 Control test piece size 
The test sample shall consist of eight pieces each not smaller than 75 mm x 25 mm x 6 mm taken from the 
glazed part of the appliance. One piece placed in a desiccator and is used as a control piece. 
B.2 Procedure 
The other seven test pieces are partially immersed, one in each of the seven solutions listed in Table B.1. The 
strength of solution, length of time for immersion and the temperature shall be as stated in Table B.1. 
Solutions shall all be aqueous. 
Table B.1 — chemical solutions 
Name of chemical  Strength of chem ical, 
% Time,  
h Temperature  
°C 
Acetic acid  10 16 100 
Citric acid  10 16 100 
Detergent  1) 48 60 
Hydrochloric acid  2) 48 25-35 
Sodium hydroxide  5 0.5 60 
Sodium stearate  0.15 48 60 
Sulphuric acid  3 16 100 
1. This consists of an aqueous solution contai ning 0.04 %(wt/vol) of a 
condensation product of nonylphenol with 8 -10 molecules of ethylene oxide.  
2. This solution consists of equal volumes of water and hydrochloric acid of 
specific gravity 1.18.  
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017-1:2019 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  13 
 Annex C 
(normative) 
 
Tests for resistance to staining and burning 
C.1 Test piece size 
The test sample shall consist of two pieces each not smaller than 75 mm x 25 mm x 6mm taken from the 
glazed part of the appliance. 
C.2 Test procedure 
C.2.1 One of test pieces is placed at room temperature, with a glazed surface level, uppermost, clean and 
dry. One spot, not less than 10 mm diameter, of each of the six chemicals listed in C.2.2 is then placed on the 
glazed surface and allowed to dry. Any residue is then removed with a clean cloth which has been moistened 
with distilled water only. 
C.2.2 The chemicals are following: 
a) 0.5 % aqueous solution of methylene blue 
b) A solution of sodium hypochlorite 10 %-14 % w/v available chlorine. A 10 % dilution is prepared for 
the test. 
c) 3 % aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, 
d) Amyl acetate 
e) Carbon tetrachloride, and 
f) 13 g of iodine in 1 l of ethanol 
C.2.3 the other piece is placed at room temperature with a glazed surface level uppermost, clean and dry. A 
lighted cigarette is placed on the glazed surface and allowed to remain for 15 min. and then removed. The 
stained area is wiped with a clean cloth which has been moistened with distilled water only. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDEAS 1017- 1:2019  
14 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Bibliography 
[1] IS 2556-1:1994 , Vitreous sanitary appliances (Vitreous China) — Specification: Part 1 — General 
requirements  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTCD/UG/01:2019    
 
© EAC 2019 – All rights reserved