DEAS 986 : 2019 
ICS 55.120  
 
© EAC 2019                                                                                                                          First Edition 2019 
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Portable rigid plastic hermetic grain silo —Specification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 986: 2019  
ii © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
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Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensin g agreement.  
Violators may be prosecuted . DEAS 986: 2019  
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  iii 
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that throu gh 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the C ommunity will be removed.  
The Community has established an East African Standards Committee  (EASC)  mandated to develop and 
issue East Afric an Standards  (EAS) . The Committee is composed of representatives of the National 
Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the public and private sector 
organizations  in the community . 
East African Standards are developed through  Technical Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties. 
Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards  Bodies in the 
Partner States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the Principles and procedures for develop ment of East African Standards.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing . 
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Commit tee EASC/TC 06 6, Packaging  
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 986: 2019  
 
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  1 
 Portable rigid plastic hermetic grain silo —Specification  
1 Scope  
This Draft East African Standar d specifies the requirements,  methods of sampling and test for portable rigid 
plastic hermetic silos used for storage of dry food commodities, derived products and seeds where controlled 
cond itions of moisture and oxygen is a require ment  
2 Normative references  
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes 
requirements of this document.  For dated references, only the edition cite d applies. For undated references, 
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
ISO 1663 , Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of water vapour transmission properties  
ISO 4591 , Plastics -- Film and sheeting -- Determ ination of average thickness of a sample, and average 
thickness and yield of a roll, by gravimetric techniques (gravimetric thickness)  
ISO 2556 , Plastics -- Determination of the gas transmission rate of films and thin sheets under atmospheric 
pressure -- Manometric method  
ISO 1926 , Rigid cellular plastics -- Determination of tensile properties  
ISO 8256 , Plastics — Determination of tensile -impact strength  
ISO 10193 , General use light gauge metal containers -- Nominal filling volumes of round cylindrical and 
tapered containers of up to 40 000 m  
ISO 1183 -1, Plastics -- Methods for determining the density of non -cellular plastics -- Part 1: Immersion 
method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1998 and the following apply.  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp . 
3.1  
water vapour transmission rate  
quantity of water vapour transmitted through unit area of a test specimen in unit time under specified 
conditions of temperature, humidity and thickness   
2 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 3.2 
oxygen transmission rate (OTR)  
quantit y of oxygen transmitted through unit area of a test specimen in unit time under specified conditions of 
temperature, humidity and thickness  
3.3  
batch  
silos of the same design and type produced from the same grade of polymer by the same converting u nit in  a 
given period of time  
3.4  
closure  
device that effectively closes a nd seals an opening in a silo  
3.5 
brimful capacity  
volume of grains held by the silo when filled to the point of overflowing at 25 °C ± 2 °C, whil e standing on a 
level surface  
3.6  
nomi nal capacity  
volume of grain the silo is int ended to hold at 25 °C ± 2 °C  
3.7  
container mass  
mass in grams of a fully finished empty silo excluding the top closure  
3.8 
dried food commodity  
grains (ce reals, pulses, nuts) and other dried food products  wh ose moisture content is within acceptable limits 
as specified in the  relevant product  Standards  
3.9 
derived products  
processed products from grains and other dried food commodities  
3.10 
rigid plastic hermetic grain silo  
potable  storage structures that are made of non -flexible material (LLDPE and HDPE) used for storage of dried 
food commodities  that limits exchange of oxygen, Carbon dioxide and Water vapour with the environment 
when sealed  
4 Requirements  
4.1 General requirements  
4.1.1  Materials  
4.1.1.1  Porta ble rigid plastic hermetic silos shall be made from food grade material that shall be UV 
stabilized.  
4.1.1. 2 The silo shall retain its colour through the life -span.   
4.1.1. 3 Any additives such as plasticizers, antistatic agents, pigments, and inhibitors,  shall be compatible 
with the polymer and shall not deleteriously affect the grains and other products.    
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  3 
 4.1.1. 4 Resins and articles intended to come into contact with dry food commodities and their derivatives 
shall be manufactured in compliance with Goo d Manufacturing Practice so that under their normal or 
foreseeable conditions of use, they do not transfer constituents to foodstuffs in quantities that are harmful to 
humans.  
4.2 Construction  
The body and the bottom of the silo shall be integral, i.e. mo ulded into one piece. The closure shall be firmly 
secured on to the barrel of the silo to ensure hermeticity.  
4.3 Finish  
4.3.1  Both the inside and outside of grain silo shall be free from pits and flashing, and pigmentation shall be 
evenly distributed.  
4.3.2 The body of the silos shall be smooth and shall have no sharp edges  and any other imperfections.  
5 Specific requirements  
When tested in accordance with the methods specified in Table 1, Portable rigid plastic Hermetic silo shall 
comply with the requir ements specified therein.  
Table 1 — Specific requirements for Portable rigid plastic Hermetic silo  
S/No.  Characteristic  
 Requirements  Test method  
a)  Water vapour transmission rate 
(WVTR),  (g/m2/day),max.  10 ISO 1663  
b)  OTR, (cc/m2/day),max.  250 ISO 2556  
c)  Thickness of the walls, mm, min  4  ISO 1663  
d)  Tensile strength at break, MPa 
min. 22  ISO 1926  
e)  Air tightness  shall not decay by 10%.  
  ASTM E 2930  
f)  Drop test  Shall show no splitting, cracking, permanent 
distortion or other signs of failure.  Annex A 
g)  Impact Strength  Shall  show no splitting, permanent distortion or 
other signs of failure.  ISO 8256  
h)  Density of the finished product 
(polymer material),g/mm3min 0.935  ISO 1183 -1 
i)  UV stability  The tensile strength shall not deviate by more than 
10 %  ISO 4892 -3 
j)  Colour fastness  Shall not be less than 4, on the grey scale  ISO 4892 -3 
  
4 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 6 Food grade requirements  
6.1 Overall migration  
When tested in accorda nce with method specified  in Annex B, the hermetic storage bag shall also comply with 
the overall migration  limits. 60 mg/kg (max.) of the foodstuff; and for liquid foodstuffs or of simulants, the limit 
shall be 60 mg/l (max.).  
6.2 Pigments, colorants and heavy metals  
When tested in accordance with Annex C, the hermetic storage bag shall comply with the list an d limits of the 
pigments, colorants and heavy metals specified therein.  
7 Capacity  
When tested in accordance with Annex E, the capacity of the silos shall be as declared with a tolerance of ± 2 
%. 
8 Labelling  
The silos shall be legibly and indelibly marked  with the following information.  
a) manufacturer’s name and address / or registered trade mark.  
b) name, “ Portable ri gid plastic Hermetic grain silo”  
c) nominal capacity  in in Kg as dried maize equivalent, e.g.  360 
d) tare weight  of the Silo with lid in kg.  
e) batch numbe r or code  
f) instruction for correct use,  
g) instruction for storage and disposal  
h) the declaration, ‘ Country of origin.  
9 Sampling  
Portable rigid plastic Hermetic silo of shall be done as follows;   
9.1 Lot 
9.1.1  All Portable rigid plastic Hermetic silo s of the sa me raw material, same type, size and pro duced under 
relatively uniform conditions of manufacture shall constitute a lot.  
9.1.2  Sampling shall be done randomly from the lot  
9.2 Sample size  
The sample size shall be determined in accordance with table 2.  
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  5 
 Table 3 ― Determination of sample sizes  
Sl. No.  Lot size  Sample size  Acceptance number  
a)  Upto 50  1 0 failure  
b)  51 to 200  2 0 failure  
c)  201 to 300  3 0 failure  
d)  301-500 5 0 failure  
e)  501 and above  8 1 failure  
  
6 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 Annex A   
(normative)  
 
Drop test  
A.1 Principle  
The drop test is used to determine the ability of the silo to withstand rough and sudden drop from a height.  
A.2  Procedure  
Fill the silo with sand or any other weight to designated load. Elevate it to a height of 3 m ± 0.05 m, keeping it 
in a vertical positi on. Drop it from this position in such a manner as to fall freely and to strike the concrete 
floor. Repeat the test three times.  
After each drop observe any physical damage to the silo.  
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  7 
 Annex B 
(normative)  
 
Determination of overall migration of constituen ts of plastics materials and articles 
intended to come in contact with foodstuffs — Method of analysis  
B.1 Principle  
This annex specifies the methods of analysis for determination of overall migration of constituents of single or 
multi -layered heat -sealab le films, single homogeneous non -sealable films, finished containers and closures for 
sealing as lids, in the finished form, preformed or converted form.  
B.2  Simulants  
The determination of migration in simulants is carried out using the simulants listed b elow: 
B.2.1 Simulant ‘A’ – Distilled water or water of equivalent quality.  
B.2.2 Simulant ‘B’ – 3 % acetic acid ( w/v) in aqueous solution (using the simulant ‘A’)  
B.2.3 Simulant ‘C¹’ – 10 % ethanol ( v/v) in aqueous solution for foodstuffs having alcohol l ess than 10 % 
(v/v) (using the simulant ‘A’)  
B.2.4 Simulant ‘C²’ - 50 % ethanol ( v/v) in aqueous solution for foodstuffs having alcohol more than 10 % 
and less than 50 % (v/v) (using the simulant ‘A’).  
B.2.5 Simulant ‘D’ – n-heptane – shall be freshly disti lled before use.  
B.2.6 Simulant ‘E’ – Rectified olive oil or mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil.  
B.3 Selection of standard test conditions and simulants for different foods  
The choice of simulating solvents and test conditions (time -temper ature) depends on the type of food and 
condition of use of food products. Food products have been classified into seven major groups as per Table 
B.1. It also gives suitable simulants to be used for different types of foods.   
8 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 Table B.1— Classification of f oods and selection of simulant  
Sl no  Type  Description  Example  Simulant  
i ) 1 Aqueous, non -acidic foods(p H >5) 
without fat  Honey, mineral water, sugar syrups, 
skimmed milk, infusions, yeast paste 
etc.  ‘A’ 
ii) 2 Aqueous, non -acidic foods(p H ≤5) 
without fa t Fruit juices, squashes, fruit chunks or 
puree or paste, vinegar, jams, jellies, 
carbonated beverages, lemonade, 
processed vegetables, rennet, 
preparations of soup, broths, sauces, 
RTS beverages etc . ‘B’ 
iii) 3 Alcoholic Beverages:  
 
a) Alcohol concentrat ion less 
than 10  % 
b) Alcohol concentration above 
10 %  
Beer and some pharmaceutical syrups  
Wine brandy, whiskey, arrack and other 
alcoholic drinks  ‘C1’ 
 
 
 
‘C1’ 
iv) 4 Oils, fats and processed dry foods 
with surface fat or volatile oil  Vegetable oils, ghee , vanaspati,  cocoa 
butter, lard biscuits, spice powder, 
snacks and savoury,  chocolate, 
caramels, malted foods, egg powder, 
tea, coffee powder, confectionery, fried 
and roasted nuts  ‘D’ 
v) 5 Non-acidic foods(pH>5) or high fat 
and having high moisture cont ent Butter, bread pastry, milk based sweets, 
ice-cream, moist and fatty confectionery 
products  ‘A and D’  
vi) 6 Acidic foods(pH<5) or high fat and 
having high moisture content  Pickles, ketchup, cheese, with low curd, 
fresh and processed meat and fish 
products, sauces having fat, frozen 
foods, mayonnaise etc . ‘B and D’  
vii) 7 Dry processed foods without fat  Cereals and pulses, dehydrated 
vegetables and fruits, dried yeast, corn 
flakes, salt, sugar, milled products, 
barley powder, oats, vermicelli, 
spaghett i etc. No end test  
 
D.4 Table B.2 lists the simulants and tests conditions (time -temperature) for extractability studies to be 
carried out as above depending on the type of food and conditions of use.   
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  9 
 Table B.2 — Simulating solvents for different types o f food and temperature – Time conditions  
Sl No  Conditions of use  Type of 
food Water(time -
temp)  3% acetic 
acid (time -
temp)  10% 
alcohol(time -
temp)  50% alcohol  
(time -temp)  n-
Heptane(
time-
temp)  
i) High temperature 
heat sterilized 
(retorting ) I, II, IV, V 
and VI 121°C 
2h 121°C 
2h - - 66 °C for 
2h 
ii) Hot filled or 
pasteurized above 
66 °C, below 100  °C II, IV, V 
and VI  100°C 
2h 100 °C 
2h   49 °C 
and 30 
minutes  
iii) Hot filled or 
pasteurized above 
66 °C I to VI 70°C 
2h 70 °C 
2h 70 °C 
2h 70 °C 
 38°C and 
30 
minut es 
iv) Room temperature 
filled and stored ( no 
thermal treatment in 
container) and also 
in refrigerated and 
frozen conditions  do 40 °C 
10 days  40 °C 
10 days  40 °C 
10 days  40 ºC 
10 days  do 
 
NOTE  1 Heptane simulant not to be used on wax lined containers  
NOT E 2 Heptane extractivity results shall be divided by a factor of five in arriving at the extractivity of a food product.  
B.5 Method 1: For finished containers (within 2 -L capacity) or sealable single/multi -layered 
flexible films (one side exposure)  
B.5.1  Apparatus  
B.5.1.1  Electric oven/water bath , equipped with thermostat to maintain the desired temperature up to ±1º 
accuracy.  
B.5.1.2   Electric hot plate , with temperature control regulator . 
B.5.1.3  Analytical balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.  
B.5.1.4   Glass beakers, Pyrex of 1000 -mL capacity or equivalent.  
B.5.1.5  Stainless steel evaporating dish of 100 -mL capacity.  
B.5.1.6  Stainless steel tongs.  
B.5.2  Selection of samples  
Minimum triplicate samples representing the lot/batch have to be selected. S amples in each replicate shall not 
consist of a number of containers (preformed or converted products) with nearest exposed area of 1000 cm². 
In the case of films representative sample shall be of sufficient size to convert into 2 pouches of size 125 mm 
width and 200 mm length (inner dimension excluding seal area) with 1000 cm² surface area coming in contact.  
B.5.3  Preparation of test specimen  
The containers/pouches used shall be carefully rinsed with water (25 -30 °C) to remove extraneous materials 
prior t o actual migration test.   
10 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 B.5.4 Simulant quantity  
Equal to nominal filling capacity or at least 1mL/cm² of contact area.  
NOTE  Glassware, laboratory apparatus which come into contact with simulants and/or the sample during the test 
shall be thoroughly washed  and dried prior to the test.  
B.5.5  Procedure  
Fill the container/pouch to their filled capacity with preheated simulant at test temperature and close it. In the 
case of pouches, exclude air as much as possible before sealing and expose the filled containe r/pouch to 
specified temperature maintained in oven/water bath/pressure cooker/autoclave for the specified duration of 
time. After exposure for the specified duration, remove the container/pouch and transfer the contents 
immediately into a clean Pyrex beak er along with three washings of the specimen with small quantity of the 
fresh stimulant.  
B.5.6 Determination of amount of extractive  
Evaporate/distill the contents in Pyrex beaker to about 50  ml - 60ml and transfer into a clean tared stainless 
steel dish a long with 3 washings of Pyrex beaker with small quantity of fresh stimulant and further evaporate 
the concentrate in the dish to dryness in an oven at 100 °C ± 5  °C. Cool the dish with extractive in a 
desiccator for 30 min. and weigh to nearest 0.1  mg till  constant weight of residue is obtained. Calculate the 
extractives in mg/dm² and mg/kg or mg/L or ppm of the foodstuff with respect to the capacity of 
container/pouch to be used. Blank shall also be carried out with the sample.   
Amount of extractive (Ex) =
100AM mg/dm; and  
1000VM
mg/kg or mg/l or ppm  
Where  
M =  mass of residue in mg minus blank value  
A =  total surface area in cm² exposed in each replicate, and  
V =  total volume in ml of simulant used in each replicate  
NOTE  1 For irregular shaped containers, nearest surface area is obtained by superi mposing the graph sheet on the 
container and getting the surface area by increments in each segment.  
NOTE  2 In case of heptane as solvent, divide Ex by a factor of five in arriving at the extractivity for a food product.   
B.6 Method ii: For larger containers made of single  homogenous material above 2 -L 
capacity  
B.6.1 Selection of sample  
Minimum 3 containers representing the lot/batch are to be selected.  
B.6.2 Test Specimen  
Cut 5 pie ces each of size 10 cm ×10 cm from each container at different places (each piece exposing about 
200 cm² surface area both sides). In the case of thick material area corresponding to thickness of the sample 
shall be included.   
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  11 
 B.6.3 Procedure  
Immerse 5 thor oughly cleaned pieces cut from each container into a clean glass container (2 -L capacity 
beaker) containing preconditioned simulant at test temperature such that no two pieces touch each other by 
placing a 2 to 3 mm diameter glass rod in between the specim ens and cover the beaker with glass plate/watch 
glass and keep the set at specified temperature maintained in oven/waterbath/pressure cooker for the 
specified duration of time.  
After exposure for the specified time, remove the test specimen from the extrac ted simulant with the help of 
clean tongs and wash the pieces with a small amount of fresh simulant and combine with the extracted 
simulant. Blank shall also be carried out without the sample.  
B.6.4  Determination of amount of extractive  
Calculate the ext ractive in mg/dm² and mg/kg or mg/l or ppm with respect to capacity of the container in 
accordance with the procedure specified in 5.6 
Amount of Extractive ( Ex) = 
AM ×100 mg/dm²  
Ex in ppm = M×TSA×
VA1000  
Where  
M = mass of  residue in mg minus blank value,  
A =  surface area in cm² exposed in each replicate,  
TSA =  total surface area of the container in cm², and  
V =  total volume of the container.  
NOTE  Heptane extractive to be divided by factor of five  
B.7 Method iii: Both si de exposure for single homogenous film, which cannot be heat 
sealed  
B.7.1 Apparatus  
B.7.1.1  Cylindrical glass jar , inner dimension of 10 cm diameter and 14 cm height with 1000 -mL 
capacity (for 1 -L beaker)  
B.7.1.2  Water bath/electrical oven , equipped with t hermostat to maintain the desired temperature up to 
± 1° C.  
B.7.1.3 Glass/ stainless steel pins , of 7.5  cm - 8.00 cm working length with extra bends at both the ends  
B.7.1.4  Electric hot plate , with temperature regulator.  
B.7.2 Specimen size 
A film sample o f 1000 cm² surface area both sides with width not more than 10 cm and an appropriate length 
to get the required area (10  cm×50  cm×2 sides = 1000 cm² ).  
12 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 B.7.3 Simulant quantity  
Not less than 1000 ml to immerse the sample completely.  
B.7.4 Preparation of the specimen  
The film sample is rolled in the form of a coil in different concentric rings such that no two layers shall touch 
each other, and held in shape with the help of glass or stainless steel (SS) pin.  
B.8 Procedure  
Fill the cylindrical jar of 1000 -mL c apacity with the required quantity of preheated simulant at the test 
temperature. Immerse the test specimen in the simulant completely. Cover with a glass plate and place the jar 
with sample immersed in simulant at the prescribed temperature for the prescr ibed length of time. At the end 
of the test period remove the sample with the help of glass rod and wash the sample with small quantity of 
fresh simulant and combine with the extractants. Concentrate the extracted simulant 50 -60 mL by evaporating 
on a hot plate under low heat (n -heptane shall be concentrated by distillation).  
Transfer the concentrate into a clean tared stainless steel dish along with three washings with small amount of 
fresh simulant and further evaporate the concentrate to dryness in an ov en at 100 ± 5°C. Cool this in a 
dessicator for 30 min and weigh to nearest 0.1 mg till constant weight of residue is obtained. Calculate the 
extractive in mg/dm². Blank shall also be carried out without the sample.  
Amount of extractive Ex) =
AM ×100 mg/dm²   
Where  
M = mass of residue in mg minus blank value, and  
A = total surface area in cm² exposed in each replicate.  
NOTE  Heptane extractive value to be divided by factor of five.  
B.9 Method iv: for closures, sealing gaskets, liners and li ke materials  
B.9.1 Selection of the sample  
At least triplicate samples each consisting of a number of closures/sealing gaskets/liners with the lids exposed 
about 100 cm² contact area (or ten lids) per replica te in each representing a lot or batch shall be selected.  
B.9.2 Procedure  
Smallest size glass bottles/jars actually being intended for use with closures can be used as containers to 
contain the simulant. Fill the glass containers to their nominal capacity or 100 ml, whichever is lower with 
simulant pre heated to test temperature and closed tight with the closures/lids lined with the test specimen. 
Place the closed containers upside down (to ensure the contact of the closures with the simulant) in an oven 
maintained at test temperature.  
After the exposure  to the stipulated time, the closures from the containers are opened and the content from 
each replicate is pooled together in a glass beaker along with the washings of the exposed closures with small 
amount of fresh simulant. Blank shall also be carried o ut without the sample.   
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  13 
 B.9.3 Determination of amount of extractive  
Proceed with the determination amount of extractive by method described at B.5.6. Calculate the amount of 
extractive in ppm for the particular size of container being tested.  
Amount of extr active (Ex) =  
VM  ×1000 ppm  
Where  
M = mass of r esidue in mg minus blank value, and 
V = volume of the container in ml in a replicate in actual use.  
NOTE  1 If the extractive values for a smaller size container are within the prescribed l imits, it may be taken that 
extractive values     for a larger size container of the same material and shape will definitely be less than the smaller 
container used.  
NOTE  2 Heptane extractives to be divided by factor of five.  
B.9.4 Method v: Materials of articles intended to come into repeated contact with foodstuffs  
The migration test(s) shall be carried out three times on a same sample one after the other in accordance with 
the conditions laid down already using fresh simulant(s) in each occasion, follow ing any one of the methods 
applicable to it described earlier.  Its compliance shall be checked on the basis of the level of the migration 
found in the third test. However, if there is conclusive proof that the level of migration does not increase in the 
second and third tests and if the migration limit(s) is/are not exceeded on the first test, no further test is 
necessary.  
B.10 Evaluation of results  
The materials and articles are regarded as conforming to the specifications if in the migration tests for eac h 
simulant used, the average of at least three results does not exceed the value of overall migration limit 
specified in the relevant standards.  
NOTE   Before carrying out the test, make sure that the sample is free from all traces of dust, fats and other 
impurities. If necessary, it shall be thoroughly wiped with filter paper. The sample shall be handled carefully to avoid any 
contamination.  
B.11 Colour migration  
In the case of coloured plastic material, colour migrated to simulant or decolourized coconut o il or food packed 
shall not be apparent to the naked eye. If the colour migrated is clearly visible, such materials are not suitable 
for food contact applications, even though the extractive value is within the limit.   
14 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 Annex C  
(normative)  
 
List and limits o f the pigments, colorants and heavy metals  
C.1 Principle  
C.1.1 This annex provides a list of permitted pigments and colorants for use in plastics and shall be 
regarded as safe for use in contact with foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking water  
C.1.2 Pigments and colorants used shall not show visible bleeding or immigration from the finished product 
and shall show no signs of instability or degradation during processing.  
C.1.3 Pigments and colorants used shall have a high degree of purity. In particular, if the following impurities 
are present, these shall not exceed the limits specified below.  
a)  Lead, per cent by mass, max. 0.01  
b)  Arsenic, per cent by mass, max. 0.005  
c)  Mercury, per cent by mass, max. 0.005 (soluble in N/10 HC)  
d)  Cadmium, per cent  by mass, max. 0.10 do  
e)  Zinc, per cent by mass, max. 0.20 do  
f)  Selenium, per cent by mass, max. 0.01 do  
g)  Barium, per cent by mass, max. 0.01 do  
h)  Chromium, per cent by mass, max. 0.025 do  
i)  Antimony, per cent by mass, max. 0.025 do  
j) Total aro matic amines, per cent by mass, max. 0.05 do  
C.1.4  Carbon black, if used shall conform to the following requirements:  
a) Benzene extract - 0.1 per cent by mass, max.  
b) 3 Benzpyrene - no traces.  
E.2 List of pigments and colorants for use in plastic in con tact with foodstuffs, 
pharmaceuticals and drinking water  
C.2.1 Organic pigments  
Sl No  Composition  
Yellow  
a)  o-Nitroaniline -acetoacetanilide  
b)  p-Natroaniline -acetoacetanilide  
c)  4-Chloro -2-nitroaniline -o-chloro -acetoacetanilide   
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  15 
 d)  o-Nitro -p-tuluine -acetoaceta nilide  
e)   2:5-Dichloraniline -3-methyl -l-phenyl -5-pyrazolone  
f)  2:4-Dichloraniline( 2 mol) -4:4’ -bis-(o-acetyl -aceto -toluidine)  
g)   1-Amino -5-benzamindo -anthraquinone -oxalyl -chloride  
h)  1:1-Diamino -athraquinol -terephthalate  
i)  Bis(2” -anthraqunonyl) –6:6’-dibenz othiazolyle  
j)  Pigment yellow -Benzidine -yellow  
Orange  
a)  o-Nitro -p-anisidine -o-acetyl -acetotoluidine  
b)  2:4-Dinitroanile -2-naphthol  
c)  2-Nitro -4-toluidine -3-methyl -phenyl -5-pyrazolone  
d)  o-Dianisidine -acetylacetoquinilide (2)  
e)  5:5"-Dibenzoylamino -1:1-anthrimi de-carbazole  
f)  Napthalene -tetracarboxylic acid -1:2-diamino -benzene (2 mol)  
Red 
a)  4-Nitraniline -2-naphthol  
b)  2-Nitro -4-toluidine -2-naphthol  
c)  2-Anisidine -2-naphthol  
d)  5-Nitro -2-toluidine -4-chloro -3-oxy-2-naphthanilide  
e)  2-Nitro -4-toluidine -3-oxy-3’ -nitro-napthanilide  
f)  4-Nitro -2-totuidine -3-oxy-2-napththo -8-o-toluidine  
g)  N:N’-diethyl -4-methoxymetanilamide -5-chloro -3-oxy-2’, 4’dimethoxy -2-
napthanilide  
h)  4-Nitro -2-anisidine -3-oxy-N-1-naphthyl -2-naphthamide  
i)  1-Naphthylamine -I-naphol -5-sulphonic acid (calcium  salt) 
j)  2-Amino -naphthalene -1-sulphonic acid -2-naphthoic acid (calcium salt)  
k)  6-Amino -m-toluenessulphonic acid -3-oxy-2-naphthoic acid (calcium 
salt) 
l)  6-Amino -4-chloro -m-toluenesulphonic acid -oxy-2 naphthoic acid 
(calcium salt)  
m)  3:3’ -Dichlorobenzidine -3-carbothoxy -phenyl -5-pyrazonolone (2 mol)  
n)  2-Amino -naphthalene -1-sulphonic acid -3-hydroxy -2-naphthoic acid 
(calcium salt)  
o)  1:2-Dioxyanthranthraquinone (alizarine) calcium ferrous and alumina 
lakes  
p)  Benzoyl -1-amino -4-hydroxyanthraquinone  
q)  2-Thionaphthe ne-2’ -acenaphthene -idigo  
r)  1-Amino -2-methoxy -5benylsuphone -oxy-naphtho -m-xylidide  
s)  1-Amino -2-methoxy -5-benzoxy -5-benzoylaniline -2:3-oxynaphtho -4-
chloro -2,5-dimethoxyanilide  
t)  Dihydroquinacridone comparable with phthalo -cyanines  
u)  Bis-(1-amino) -(3-chloro -benzene) -bis(2’ -oxy-3-naphthalo) -4,4-diamino -
3,3-dichlorodiphenyl   
16 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 v)  Bis-(amino) -2-methyl -5-chlorobene) -bis(2’ -oxy-3-naphtho) -4’4’- 
diamino -3-diphenyl  
w)  Bis-(1-amino) -(2-methyl -3-chlorobenzene) -bis(2’ -oxy-3-naphtho) -4’:4-
diaminophenyl  
Violet  
a)  6:6’ -Dibrom o-isoviolanthrone  
b)  Dioxazine -2:5di(N -ethylcarbozoyl) -3’-3:6-dichloro -1:4-benzoquinone  
c)  Pigment violet red -quinacridone  
Blue  
a)  N-dihydro -1:2:1’:2’ anthroquinone -azine (idnanthrone)  
b)  3:3’-dichloro -indanthrene  
c)  Indigo  
d)  Phthalocyanine  
e)  Cobaltic complex of partially suphonated phthalocyanine  
f)  Cupric complex of phthalocyanine  
g)  Sulphonic derivative of cupric phthalocyanine  
Green  
a)  Ferrous complex of alpha -nitroso -beta-naphthol  
b)  Cupric complex of 4 -Nitrobenzene -azo-2-naphthol  
c)  Actachlorophthaloyanine of  copper  
d)  Pigment green oxide -chromium  
C.2.2  Cellulose Film Dyes  
C.2.2.1  Yellow  
Azine arising from the oxidation of dehydrothio -p-toluidine sulphonic acid orange  
C.2.2.2  Orange  
3-Carboxyl (parasulphophenyl) -5-pyrazone acid benzidine -salicylic acid (sodiu m salt)  
C.2.2.3  Pink  
Aniline (2 mol) -6:6-bis-1-mino -bis 1 -naphthol -3-sulphonic  
C.2.2.4  Red 
Gamma acid -benzidine -salicylic acid  
C.2.2.5  Blue  
O-dinianisidine -8-amino -1-naphthol -5:7-disulphonic acid  
C.2.2.6  Green  
a) Successive condensation of cyanogen chlorid e on 1 -animo -4 p-phenylene -diamine -2-anthraquinone 
sulphonic, p -phenylene diamine -p-amino -salicylic acid aniline  
b) P-Nitraniline -8-amino -1-naphthol -3:6-disulphonic -benzidine -salicylic acid   
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  17 
 C.3 Inorganic pigments  
C.3.1 Metals  
a)  Aluminium  
b) Copper  
c)  Silver 
d)  Gold  
e) Tin 
f) Platinum and platinum group metals  
E.3.2  Alloys  
a) Bronzes  
b) Brasses  
C.3.3 White  
a)  Bartytes (barium sulphate)  
b)  Whitening (calcium carbonate)  
c)  Calcium sulphate (gypsum, plaster of paris)  
d)  Kaoline  
e)  Titan white (titanium  oxide)  
f)  Alumina  
g)  Aluminium strearate  
h)  Talc 
C.3.4 Yellow  
a)  Cadmium yellow (cadmium sulphides and selenium -sulphide)  
b)  Yellow iron oxide  
c)  Stanic sulphide (SnS)  
C.3.5 Brown  
a)  Ferrite of magnesium  
b)  Cupric ferrocyanide  
c)  Umber  
d)  Sienna  (natural ferric oxide)   
18 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 C.3.6 Red 
a)  Red ferric oxide  
b)  Cadmium red, cadmium sulpho -selenium  
c)  Double sulphide of cadmium and mercury  
C.3.7 Blue  
a)  Prussian blue (ferric ferrocyanide and turnbulls blue)  
b)  Ultramarine blue (complex silicate of alumi nium and sodium sulphurated)  
c)  Egyptian blue (double silicate of copper and calcium)  
d)  Cobalt blue (cobalt aluminate)  
C.3.8 Green  
a)  Chrome green (insoluble Cr2 O3 oxide)  
b)  Aluminate of chrome  
c)  Ultramarine green (complex silicate, sulphurated)  
d)  Terre verte (complex silicate)  
C.3.9 Black  
a)  Carbon black  
b)  Black oxide of iron (natural and artificial magnetite  
 
  
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  19 
  
20 © EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
 Annex E 
(normative)  
 
Test for capacity  
E.1 Procedure:  
E.1.1 Establish the grains to be standardized in this case, beans, maize, sim s im, peas, green gram and 
ground nuts 
E.1.2 Check the moisture content of the grains  as per specific grain Standard  
E.1.3  Establish the reference volume for which weight is to be established, such as , 0.5, 0.7 & 1.0 lit re. 
E.1.4 Measure each of the volumes (0.5, 0.7, 1.0 ltr) using a calibrated measuring jar and weigh each using 
a calibrated weighing scale, offset the weight of the measuring jar (100gm) - record weights and take pictures 
of each.  
E.1.5 Establish the average weight (AW) per liter of each grai n type.  
E.2 Report  
Use the average weight (AW) per liter to establish corresponding weights capacity for each of the hermetic 
storage equipment in this case 500, 750 & 1250 liter ( AW x 500 ltr= weight in Kg)  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved  21 
  
 
 
Bibliography  
[1] KS 2874, Portable rigid plastic Hermetic grain silo —Specification  
 
. DEAS 986:2019    
 
© EAC 2019 – All rights  reserved