WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
9 November 2023 
(23-7535) Page: 1/70 
Trade Policy Review Body  
27 and 29 September 2023  Original: English/anglais/inglés  
 
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
JORDAN  
MINUTES  OF THE MEETING  
Addendum  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Saqer  Almoqbel ( Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)  
This document contains the advance written questions  and additional questions by WTO 
Members , and replies provided by  Jordan .1 
 
 
Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales  
27 et 29 septembre 2023  
EXAMEN DES POLITIQUES COMMERCIALES  
JORDANIE  
COMPTE RENDU  DE LA RÉUNION  
Addendum  
Président : S.E.  M. Saqer Almoqbel ( Royaume d' Arabie saoudite)  
Le présent document contient les questions écrites communiquées à l'avance par les 
Membres de l'OMC, leurs questions additionnelles, et les réponses  fournies par  Jordanie .1 
 
 
Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciale s 
27 y 29 de septiembre de 2023  
EXAMEN DE LAS POLÍTICAS  COMERCIALES  
JORDANIA  
ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN  
Addendum  
Presidente: Excmo.  Sr. Saqer Almoqbel ( Reino de la Arabia Saudita)  
En el presente documento figuran las preguntas presentadas anticipadamente por escrito  y 
las preguntas adicionales de los Miembros de la OMC,  así como las respues tas facilitadas por  
Jordania .1 
 
 
1 In English only./En anglais seulement./En inglés solamente.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  CONTENTS  
ARGENTINA  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  3 
BRAZIL  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  10 
CANADA  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  12 
CHINA  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  14 
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 24 
EUROPEAN UNION  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  25 
ICELAND  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  42 
JAPAN  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  44 
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA  ................................ ................................ .........................  45 
SINGAPORE  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  48 
CHINESE TAIPEI  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  49 
TÜRKİYE  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  54 
UNITED KINGDOM  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  57 
UNITED STATES  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  65 
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  ARGENTINA  
Document WT/TPR/S/446:  
- In paragraphs 2.17 and 2.18, the report describes Jordan's participation and contribution to 
various activities of the WTO.  
Question N° 1  
Argentina is interested in knowing what priorities and/or aspirations Jordan has for the XIII 
Ministerial Conference of the WTO to be held in 2024.  
A: Jordan places a significant emphasis on the success of the forthcoming 13th WTO Ministerial 
Conference (MC13) in 2024, with key priorities including a shared commitment to preserving the 
credibility o f the rules -based multilateral trading system and pursuing meaningful reforms within the 
WTO, taking into consideration development needs and the challenges faced by Least Developed 
Countries (LDCs). Additionally, there is a dedicated focus on achieving th e objective set during MC12, 
aiming to establish a fully functional dispute settlement system accessible to all Members by 2024.  
Jordan also encourages the expeditious ratification of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, as 
adopted at MC12, to facilitate its prompt entry into force, while simultaneously urging the conclusion 
of outstanding negotiations concerning fisheries subsidies before the subsequent ministerial 
meeting. Call for an extension of the TRIPS Decision adopted at MC12 to encompass the produ ction 
and supply of COVID -19 diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, there is a strong emphasis on 
conducting effective negotiations for agricultural trade policy reform, addressing issues such as food 
security, subsidies, export restrictions, public st ockholding, and environmental concerns. Jordan also 
advocates for the extension of the moratorium on customs duties for electronic transmissions and 
seeks to rejuvenate the work program me in this domain.  
Question N° 2  
Argentina is interested in knowing the  status of Jordan 's ratification process for the WTO  Agreement  
on Fisheries Subsidies, agreed upon at the 12th Ministerial Conference in 2022.  
A: Jordan has initiated the procedures to ratify the Fisheries Support Agreement, a significant 
achievement arisi ng from the Twelfth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization. 
Currently, Jordan is in the process of following the legislative steps required for the ratification of 
this agreement. Jordan aims to expedite this process to ensure completion be fore the 
commencement of the thirteenth Ministerial Conference scheduled to be held in Abu Dhabi.  
- In item 2.29, the report mentions that in 2021, a new Ministry of Investments (MOIN) was 
established under the Reconstruction of Public Institutions and Direc torates Law No.  6 of 2022. 
MOIN replaced the Jordan Investment Commission as the agency responsible for promoting and 
facilitating investments in Jordan. MOIN 's mission is to "stimulate and activate investments … 
by keeping pace with and developing infrast ructures, and promoting investment opportunities 
and exports to increase the effectiveness of domestic and foreign investments and ensure 
financial sustainability ". 
Question N° 3  
Argentina is interested in obtaining more detailed information on how MOIN stimulates and activates 
investments in the country.  
A: MOIN  is setting clear, ambitious, and applicable goals and targets by all measures to attract more 
foreign investments and stimulate local investments, which would contribute to achieving the desired 
levels of economic growth; contribute to providing more job opportunities and increasing national 
exports. This strategy is considered one of many tools to be used by MOIN in order to attract foreign 
investments and provide all possible facilitations to investors as well as directing policies that support 
investmen t in the kingdom in a way that simplifies the procedures of the investor 's journey and 
works to enable existing investments as well, and helps to expand current investments in the 
kingdom.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  Adopted through the strategy is the process of choosing sectors wi th the strongest business 
cases/value propositions to attract investors in alignment between Jordan 's interest in selecting the 
target sectors and the feasibility of investing in them from the investor 's point of view. Therefore, 
the high priority sectors included: Information Technology (IT)/Information 
Technology -enabled Services (ITES), Tourism and Medical Tourism, Pharmaceuticals and 
Lifesciences, Healthcare Services , Food Processing, Apparel and Textiles, 
Agriculture/Agri -business , Logistical Services,  Chemicals and Fertilizers.  
The IPS identifies target markets taking into consideration normative supply and market demand 
represented by the investment opportunities available in the targeted sectors which go along with 
global investment trends for poten tial investors in these markets, including the following countries:  
GCC (UAE, KSA, Kuwait, Qatar), Europe (UK, Netherlands, Germany), Asia (China, Japan, 
India) in addition to the US and Canada. The focus will also be on expanding existing 
investments in t he Kingdom.  
Moreover, this strategy has defined its main goal of attracting investments of 1.8 Billion JODs during 
the period (2023 -26), in cooperation with relevant governmental entities and the private sector. 
These investments constitute more than 49% o f the total volume of foreign direct investment inflows 
into Jordan during the period 2017 -21, according to data from the Central Bank of Jordan. The 
strategy stresses the need to allocate financial resources dedicated to marketing and promotional 
efforts in a certain number of high priority sectors that possess highly competitive advantages and 
are able to attract more investments into the country.  
MOIN has launched an electronic platform "Invest in Jordan "through (Invest Jo), which includes an 
interacti ve investment map, investment opportunities and partnership projects between the public 
and private sectors, showcasing the competitive advantage of investing in Jordan, as well as 
highlighting the investment advantages and incentives granted to investors according to the 
investment environment law. The platform also includes Prefeasibility studies for investment 
opportunities, sectoral profiles and briefs regarding the competitive advantage for all sectors in the 
Kingdom, as well as guidelines for doing bu siness.  
This strategy recommends the adoption of the "Team Jordan " model including partners from the 
public and private sector and aligning with the best international practices in the field of investment 
promotion, as the responsibility of attracting for eign investment cannot rely solely on one agency 
and requires effective coordination between all the main partners from both the public and private 
sector. Based on this, the ministry has an important role in building and leading this Jordanian team 
compos ed of various parties from the public and private sector, to work together to attract more 
foreign direct investment.  
- In item 2.30, the report mentions that the window allows authorized representatives of relevant 
government authorities to issue approvals and licen ces for investment projects, and also allows 
qualified staff from the MOIN to facilitate procedures and follo w-up. All applications submitted 
through the Comprehensive Investment Services should be processed within 15 days from the 
receipt of the completed application. If the application is not processed within 15 days, the 
application is considered approved.  
Question N° 4  
Argentina is interested in knowing the criteria by which authorized representatives of competent 
government authorities can issue permits and licen ces for investment projects.  
A: There is a licensing guide that contains all requirement for ever y licen ce or permit issued through 
the comprehensive Investment service and government representatives needs to abide by such 
requirements when issuing the licen ce or permit.  
For further reference, you can access the Licensing Guide, which has been issued in accordance with 
the provisions of Article  42 of the Investment Environment Law No. 21 of 2022, through the following 
link 
(https://moin. gov.jo/AR/Pages/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A
A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B5 ) WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  - In item 3.4, the report indicated that on the 29 November  2021, Jordan 's Customs launched the 
Jordan Trade Facilitation Portal, a n online platform that publishes all information related to 
import, export and transit of goods in Jordan, including customs legislation, procedures and 
customs documentation. For public consultations purposes, the Trade Facilitation Portal includes 
a sear ch function for applied tariffs. According to the authorities, any changes regarding the 
Customs legislations and procedures follow the same public -private consultation process as the 
one used for any policy formulation in Jordan.  
Question N° 5  
Argentina i s interested in understanding the impact of the implementation of the mentioned Portal 
and the improvements achieved for both the government and foreign trade operators.  
A: Jordan Trade Facilitation Portal: It is a one -stop shop that provides all trade -related information, 
enabling traders to access the Trade Facilitation Data Bank and detailed procedures for importing, 
exporting and transporting by transit for more than 70 products.  
The Jordan Trade Facilitation Portal consists of the following:  
A.All inf ormation related to foreign trade, by presenting the practical steps necessary to import, 
export and transit 72 products in a business -friendly manner and including sequentially arranged 
lists containing the procedures, documents and documents to be submit ted at each step.  
B.Trade Repository includes all the information needed by the trader from legal frameworks, free 
trade agreements, rules of origin and service allowance, in addition to many other information.  
C.IVR service to get a quick and direct answer to any inquiry about the requirements and conditions 
of trade in Jordan in both Arabic and English by writing or through voice input.  
D.Illustration of import and export procedures and by shipping method (sea, air , land).  
The Jordanian Trade Facilitation Portal is an important reference for the procedures necessary to 
complete import and export operations, as the procedures have been documented as in force and 
approval has been taken from the private sector and the  government sector on the validity of the 
procedures entered on the portal and from the point of view of the trader, and it is referred to for 
the purposes of re -engineering procedures.  
- In item 3.57, it is indicated that the Jordan Customs operates a duty drawback scheme, which 
refunds customs duties and taxes levied on imported raw materials used in the production of 
exports, and a temporary admission scheme, which gives enterprises manufacturing for exports 
duty exemptions for their direct imports, and fo r their imports from the free zones.  
Question N° 6  
Argentina is interested in knowing the procedure for benefiting from the mentioned customs duty 
and tax refunds, as well as the requirements and conditions that must be met to access this benefit.  
A: Refu nd of Customs Duties and Taxes on Some Foreign Materials That Enter into Manufacturing 
When Exported  
1. The owner of the factory submits a written petition to the Customs Department for the purpose 
of acquiring the necessary approval to make use of the fees refund system according to the 
following:  
a. Attaching the factory 's Certificate of Registration  from the Ministry of Industry and Trade 
to the petition.  
b. Filling out the relevant form with the required information ab out the factory, the number 
of workers, the industrial machines, the production lines and the materials intended to WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  be imported under the fees refund system and the materials intended to be manufactured 
and exported, the factory 's address and other informa tion. 
c. This petition is submitted only once provided that the import statements indicate that it 
falls under the fees refund system.  
2. The owner of the factory includes with the above -mentioned application a detailed and accurate 
study of the manufactur ing formula of his products and the industrial inputs in terms of main, 
backup, complementary or necessary primary materials for the production and the input 
percentages, as well as the percentage of the damage and other technical information related 
to the production and the manufacturing process.  
3. All primary materials and industrial inputs that are necessary for production and that enter in 
the manufacturing, inclusive of exempt materials under the customs tariff, are permitted for 
import.  
4. Refund ap plications for custom duties, fees and other taxes for the purpose of manufacturing 
and export are accepted within a period of three years from the date of paying the customs 
duties on the transaction related to the customs duties refund process.  
5. Custom s transactions related to fees refund as well as all procedures related to export are 
conducted directly in the customs entry cent res without the need to acquire prior approvals 
from the Customs Department, unless it is necessary to do so.  
6. The Customs D epartment retains the right to subject imported and exported goods to all 
customs procedures, including laboratory tests, to verify their compatibility with standards 
and manufacturing formulas.  
7. Manufactured products may be exported in stages and in accordance with original export 
statements on which the numbers of fees refund statements of the manufactured products 
are fixed.  
8. The source of the goods may be other than the importer, provided that the Department 's 
approval is acquired prior to the tr ansfer of the export liability from the importer to the 
exporter.  
9. The manufacturing of primary materials imported under the fees refund system may be 
completed in other alternative factories to which the fees refund system applies in order to 
complete t he manufacturing process, provided that the necessary prior approval is acquired.  
10. Samples from textiles, leather and other materials, from which samples need to be taken prior 
to the manufacturing process, are acquired at the customs cent re directly at  the time of 
surveying the contents the inward processing declaration, provided that they are stamped 
and signed by the surveyor and the number of the declaration is attached to be presented 
after manufacturing and at the time of export.  
11. Customs duties  and the general sales tax are refunded only after presenting the duly issued 
copy of the export declaration (refund copy) and on which the number of the fees refund 
declaration of the exported materials is fixed.  
12. Taking into consideration the provisio ns of the General Sales Tax Law number 6 for the year 
1994 and its amendments, all customs duties and the general sales tax that were paid at the 
time of import are refunded for materials that entered in the manufacturing of the final local 
product and the  refund shall not be affected by currency exchanges or the increase and 
decrease in customs tariffs.  
All procedures take place in the Customs Department according to the following:  
a. A special account is opened where all amounts collected under the fees r efund system are 
deposited.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  b. Customs duties, fees and other taxes related to fees refund transactions are collected by 
customs cent res accountants and are entered in a special account called the fees refund 
trust, with the exception of the general sales tax, and are then deposited in the Central 
Bank in this account (fees refund trust).  
c. The relevant person submits a fees refund application to the Temporary Entry Directorate 
requesting the refund of fees and attaching all the necessary documents, which are: 
1. A petition that indicated the amount on which fees refund is required.  
2. duly issued copy of the export declaration (refund copy) and on which the number of 
the fees refund statement by which the exported materials were imported is fixed.  
3. A copy of the invoice certified by the Temporary Entry Directorate sealed as per the 
rules upon unloading.  
d. The documents are attached to the application and submitted to the Temporary Entry 
Directorate, which indicates the amount of customs duties and the  general sales tax to 
be refunded.  
e. The transaction along with all the documents are presented to the Internal Control 
Directorate and the accounting division for endorsement and issuing the refund.  
f. A formal letter is prepared in light of the approval  of the financial affairs directorate for the 
purpose of refunding the due amounts to the concerned persons and the transaction and 
all the documents are attached to the letter.  
g. In the case of refunding customs duties, fees and other taxes in  stages, th e Temporary 
Entry Directorate prepares a schedule sealed by the Directorate and attaches it to the 
original customs transaction, whereby it becomes part of the transaction, and in which 
all refunded payments are entered along with indicating that on the co py of received 
payments.  
h. The financial affairs directorate prepares a payment receipt on the basis of the letter of 
the directorate of specialty, and when the receipt undergoes all the procedures, the 
necessary financial transfer is issued to the concer ned person and is registered in the 
checks delivery register according to special procedures set by the financial affairs 
directorate for the purpose of organizing the revenues and refunds of the special account.  
i. All amounts for which the statutory limi t of time elapsed and during which fees refund 
procedures have not been completed, as well as amounts on materials that are proposed 
for local consumption, are transferred from the fees refund trust to the general revenue, 
in line with a letter issued by t he financial affairs directorate as per the instructions in 
effect.  
13. Taking into consideration the provisions of the General Sales Tax Law number 6 for the 
year 1994 and its amendments, customs duties and the general sales tax payable on primary 
materia ls and inputs needed for manufacturing the local product, and which did not acquire 
prior approval from the Customs Department for import under the fees refund system, are 
refunded upon export, provided that the following is taken into consideration when a pplying 
to benefit from this status:  
a. The person concerned submits a petition in writing to the Customs Department and fills 
out the form prepared for this purpose, verifying the class, type and value of fees of 
materials that will enter in the manufactu ring of the final product, and after the 
Department carries out an inspection of the primary material prior to manufacturing and 
export.  
b. The importer must be a manufacturer and a member of the fees refund system.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  c. The time period since the payment of customs duties, fees and other taxes and since the 
manufacturing and export of the primary materials that entered in the manufacturing of 
the final local product must not have exceeded three years.  
d. Customs duties, fees and other taxes that wi ll be refunded after manufacturing and 
exportation are calculated according to customs tariffs and according to the estimation 
of the value that is fixed on the import declaration and according to the manufacturing 
formulas.  
e. Customs duties, fees and oth er taxes that are paid after they are calculated are refunded 
via the Ministry of Finance in accordance with financial procedures in effect.  
14. Customs duties, fees and other taxes are refunded after they are calculated within one month 
from the date of s ubmitting the refund petition.  
- In paragraph 3.79, it is explained that a company can also benefit from non -fiscal incentives if 
it aims to export at least 50% of its products, adds local value to at least 50% of production, or 
participates in knowledge/technology transfer and digital transformation projects. However, the 
authorities indicate that export and local content requirements are not mandatory for companies 
when applying for non -fiscal incentives.  
Question N° 7  
Argentina is interested i n hearing from the Jordanian government for a more detailed explanation of 
the criteria and conditions under which the mentioned incentives in the paragraph are applied.  
A: Article  26 of the Investment Environment law No. 21 of 2022 outlines various incent ives, 
exemptions, and benefits that may be granted by the Council of Ministers upon the recommendation 
of the Incentives and Exemptions Committee. These incentives are designed to support economic 
activities in Jordan without affecting fair competition. Th e incentives are categorized based on the 
nature of the economic activity and its impact on the local workforce and economy. Here are the key 
points from Article  26: 
− Economic Activity Employing at Least 350 Jordanians.  
− Economic Activity Employing Jordanian  Female Workers.  
− Economic Activities with Local Added Value.  
− Economic Activity Focused on Knowledge Transfer, Technology, and Digital Transformation.  
− Strategic Economic Activities.  
− Partnership Projects between Public and Private Sectors Registered in the N ational Registry 
of Government Investment Projects.  
− Economic Activities Targeting Impoverished Areas and Local Community Development.  
 
 
- In item 2.28, the report indicated that the Investment Environment Law No.  21 of 2022, in 
addition to focusing on invest ment in strategic and dynamic enterprises, R&D, and innovation, 
aims to improve conditions for SMEs while protecting the investment environment and promoting 
the transition to a more sustainable economy.  
Question N° 8  
Argentina is interested in knowing if,  as part of the transition to a more sustainable economy, Jordan 
is applying or plans to apply incentive programs for the production of goods oriented towards this 
new type of economy. If so, please indicate what these programs or projects are.  
A: Article  14/a of the Investment Environment law No. 21 of 2022 empowers the Council of Ministers, 
based on recommendations from the Incentives and Exemptions Committee, to grant a single 
approval for the establishment of a project to an investor if it qualifies as a strategic economic 
activity contributing to sustainable development.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  Article  26/f of the the Investment Environment law No. 21 of 2022 outlines benefits for strategic 
economic activities, including:  
1. A 75% exemption from the sale price of lands owned by the Public Treasury for the project's 
establishment, with a requirement for operation within 3 years, extendable if necessary.  
2. A five -year exemption from rent for Public Treasury -owned lands designated for the 
economic activity.  
3. A 50% contribution to the e lectricity bill or deduction from receivables due on the Economic 
Activity, determined by the Cabinet upon the committee's recommendation.  
4. A 10-year exemption from building and land taxes, as well as regulatory royalties, provided 
at least 25 Jordanian wor kers are employed.  
5. A 50% reduction in land registration fees and real estate sales tax if at least 25 Jordanian 
workers are employed.  
6. Deduction of infrastructure services construction costs from the United Nations to the Official 
Entity within five years a fter actual operation. Conditions include effective project operation 
within three years from the approval date and documentation of infrastructure service costs 
through audited financial statements.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  BRAZIL  
1. In paragraph 3.105 of the Secretariat's report,  it is said that Jordan is a member of the CODEX 
Alimentarius, OMSA and CIPV and that the Sanitary requirements are based on international 
standards. In this sense, in what situations and under what justifications does Jordan eventually 
consider acceptable  the lack of alignment with the international reference organizations for the 
application of Sanitary Measures?"   
A: Jordan's Food and Drug Administration (JFDA ) considers the procedures it has in place to be 
compatible with international requirements for sanitary measures. It's important to note that JFDA 
applies these measures consistently to both domestic and imported food products. Therefore, Jordan 
generally  does not accept deviations from international reference organizations' standards when it 
comes to the application of sanitary measures for food safety. The procedures are designed to align 
with international standards to ensure the safety and quality of f ood products in the Jordanian 
market.  
 
2. Within the framework of better compliance with the SPS  Agreement , what actions has Jordan 
been taking to ensure that its sanitary measures are not more restrictive than necessary for 
products of animal origin?   
A: Jor dan has been taking actions to ensure that its sanitary measures for products of animal origin 
are not more restrictive than necessary. These actions primarily revolve around the procedures 
implemented by the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA). Jor dan's sanitary measures for 
products of animal origin are based on Jordanian technical regulations, which, in turn, are founded 
on international standards. By aligning its procedures with these international standards, Jordan 
aims to strike a balance betwe en safeguarding public health and facilitating trade in products of 
animal origin. This approach helps ensure that sanitary measures are not overly restrictive and are 
in compliance with the requirements of the SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) Agreement.  
3. The sanitary measures applied by Jordan to achieve the adequate level of protection with 
respect to animal diseases, when these are more restrictive than that recommended by the 
International Reference Organizations, are based on what elements of conviction s?  
A: Jordan's Food and Drug Administration (JFDA ) considers the procedures it has in place to be 
compatible with international requirements for sanitary measures. It's important to note that JFDA 
applies these measures consistently to both domestic and imported food products. Therefore, Jordan 
generally  does not accept deviations from international reference organizations' standards when it 
comes to the application of sanitary measures for food safety. The procedures are designed to align 
with international standards to ensure the safety and quality of f ood products in the Jordanian 
market.  
4. Taking into account paragraph 3.103 of the Secretariat's report, what are the results of 
laboratory tests carried out at Customs at the time of entry of products from third countries into 
Jordanian territory considered  in the light of the parameters agreed bilaterally between parties? Are 
the parameters recommended by the international reference guidelines considered? If not, what 
parameters are followed and why?  
A: Regarding laboratory tests carried out at Customs at t he time of entry of products from 
third countries into Jordanian territory, the same procedures and indicators are applied consistently 
by the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA). These procedures and indicators remain in line 
with the parameters ag reed upon bilaterally between parties, and they also align with the 
international reference guidelines when applicable.  
SECOND TOPIC   
5. Has the Jordanian government adopted regulations that are more restrictive than those set 
out in the Codex Alimentarius wh en applicable to imported foods, specifically grains?   WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  A: The Jordanian government has indeed adopted regulations that may be more restrictive than 
those set out in the Codex Alimentarius, specifically in relation to imported foods such as grains. 
However,  it's important to note that these additional regulations are applied within a limited scope, 
primarily in cases where there are no established Codex indicators or limits, particularly concerning 
factors like pesticide residues or mycotoxins. Jordan's regu latory framework aims to ensure the 
safety and quality of imported food products, including grains, by addressing specific concerns that 
may not be fully covered by Codex standards.  
THIRD TOPIC  
6. What is the scientific basis for Jordan to ban the import of c hicken meat from poultry that 
have been fed with feed containing ruminant bone meal?  
A: Jordan acknowledges the significance of this matter and is actively working towards enhancing 
its notification process. The process improvement involves capacity -buildi ng initiatives aimed at 
ensuring Jordan's compliance with its notification obligations.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  CANADA  
SECRETARIAT REPORT  
3 TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURES  
Page 48 -49, Table  3.8 
Table  3.8 provides an overview of selected large public undertakings with significant public holdings, 
with the information source noted as "information produced by the authorities ". 
Question:  
1. Can Jordan please confirm which of the companies  listed in Table  3.8 are State Trading 
Enterprises as defined within the WTO 's Working Party on State Enterprises? " 
A: Since the last notification on this matter, two state  trading enterprises with special or exclusive 
trading rights, which remain in practice are:  
1-Jordan Phosphate Mines Co. Ltd (JPMC) has exclusive rights to import, store and sell 
explosive materials used for mining and quarrying purposes. It also has exclusive mining 
rights over phosphates for four mines in Jordan. JPMC does not sell phosphate to  private 
traders for export purposes; and  
2-Jordan Petroleum Refinery Co. has exclusive rights to import oil and hydrocarbon products 
for local use.  
Jordan acknowledges the posed query and intends to notify the classification of State Trading 
Enterprises ( STEs) in the forthcoming period.  
Page 52, Paragraph 3.127  
This section states that Jordan 's new Government Procurement Regulation No. 8 entered into force 
on 15  February  2022. The previous Secretariat Report for the 2015 TPR of Jordan noted that, at that 
time, Jordan was awaiting Cabinet approval of new procurement legislation with the intent to resume 
its accession process to the GPA once this legislation was finalized.  
Question:  
2. Could Jordan please provide an update regarding its plans to continue negot iations for accession 
to the GPA?  
A: Jordan is still in the process of examining the readiness required for its accession to the GPA and 
continues to work on the preparation for initiating accession to the GPA.  
4 TRADE POLICIES BY SECTOR  
Page 61, Paragrap h 4.20  
The Secretariat report mentions that Jordan determines its administered prices for wheat and barley 
based on international prices and shipping costs, plus a margin to ensure domestic production 's 
viability.  
Question:  
3. Could Jordan provide additional  information on how it calculates the margin it gives to its 
producers in order to make their production viable? What factors or considerations are taken into 
account in the calculation?  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  A: The purchase price of wheat and barley in Jordan is determined bas ed on the specific variety for 
Durum varieties. When calculating the margin allocated to producers to ensure the viability of their 
production, several key factors and considerations are taken into account. These factors include the 
impact of drought, clim ate change, decreased production levels, and rising production costs. It is 
important to note that these challenges have collectively contributed to a decline in agriculture and 
have led to significant financial losses for producers in Jordan.  
Pages 61 and 62, Paragraphs 4.20, 4.22, 4.24 and 4.25  
According to the Secretariat report (paragraphs 4.22; 4.25), in Jordan 's most recent domestic 
support notification (calendar years 2013 and 2014), most of Jordan 's domestic support was in the 
"Green Box ", follow ed by support notified under the "Amber Box ", including de minimis  support. 
Regarding the "Amber Box ", Jordan 's aggregate measure of support (AMS) includes the value of 
producer price support for wheat and barley, which depends on both production and the applied 
administered price, as well as livestock and other forms of support, which depend on budget 
allocations .  
In paragraph 4.20 of the Secretariat 's report, it is mentioned that the government -fixed price for 
domestically produced wheat increased from JOD  370 per tonne in 2016 to JOD  420 per tonne in 
2022 and for barley, from JOD  320 per tonne in 2016 to JOD  370 per tonne in 2022.  
In paragraph 4.22, Canada notes the Secretariat's report stating that the Jordanian authorities lack 
of up-to-date data, which prevented them from making new domestic support notification.  
Questions:  
4. Considering the recent increase i n the administered price for wheat and barley and its impact on 
Jordan 's AMS levels (as per the WTO  Agreement  on Agriculture 's calculation method), can Jordan 
confirm that the increases in administered prices for wheat and barley have not resulted in an 
increase in AMS over Jordan 's total AMS commitment levels, without adjusting for inflation?  
A: The process of collecting data and information pertaining to domestic support for the years 
following Calendar Year (CY) 2014 is currently underway. Jordan is dil igently working to compile all 
the relevant data, and once this process is completed, the required information will be provided by 
the notifications.  
Questions:  
5. In light of paragraph 4.22, and the fact that Jordan appears to have current information on it s 
market price support policies for wheat and barley, could Jordan elaborate on how it plans to collect, 
analy se and notify its most up -to-date information on its domestic support policies in other areas, 
so that Jordan would be able to meet its transparen cy commitments under the Agreement on 
Agriculture?  
A: Please see answer of Question number ( 4). 
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  CHINA  
PART I: QUESTIONS REGARDING THE SECRETARIAT REPORT  
Page 7, Para 9  
As of June  2023, Jordan had 20 outstanding notifications, notably in agriculture (its latest notification 
refers to 2014) and has not yet submitted any notification under the GATS.  
Question:  
1. The import of garlic from China was prohibited by Jordan on 15 November  2018. Please explain 
the reason and procedure for making th is decision.  
A: The ban on importing garlic from China was lifted on 10/31/2021.  
The competent authority took several measures to limit the spread of the disease through examining 
imported and locally products, and control the use of virus -free garlic seed s for planting.  
2. Please inform China of Jordan 's currently effective control measures against the onion yellow 
dwarf virus found in the Allium genus, including garlic, from China. Meanwhile, please clarify Jordan 's 
sampling and lab testing methods for su ch virus, as well as whether Jordan has effective quarantine 
measures against it.  
A: The inspection procedures are meticulously executed for consignments categorized as high risk, 
often referred to as the "red lane" consignments. These high -risk items und ergo inspection not only 
by customs but also by other relevant regulatory bodies, including the Ministry of Agriculture and 
the Food and Drug General Corporation, among others. These authorities operate within the customs 
clearance system known as ASYCUDA.  Goods categorized as high risk are not released until all 
processes are completed within the ASYCUDA system. The procedures involved in this regard 
encompass the following steps:  
A. An initial examination of the documents accompanying the customs declarat ion is conducted.  
B. Determination of the samples to be extracted from the consignment, including specifications 
regarding the sample size and quantity. These samples are withdrawn by inspectors as per the 
requests from the respective regulatory authoritie s through the electronic system. These 
samples are then forwarded to the relevant authority and its designated laboratories.  
C. For sensitive consignments such as refrigerated foodstuffs, similar procedures are followed. 
However, the sample extraction proc ess is carried out in a specialized cent re within the customs 
premises, ensuring that the sampling is conducted under appropriate conditions that do not 
compromise the safety of these goods.  
D. Bulk grain consignments undergo identical procedures to those mentioned earlier. These 
consignments are subject to inspection by a committee comprising representatives from both 
customs and the Ministry of Agriculture.  
E. The finalization of these procedures is overseen by the respective regulatory authority, s uch 
as the Ministry of Agriculture or the Jordan Food and Drug Administration. This finalization 
occurs after the laboratory analysis results become available.  
It's important to note that consignments falling into this category may be subject to pledges or  
guarantees made to the relevant regulatory authority, with the condition that these pledges or 
guarantees are not acted upon until the laboratory analysis results are obtained and evaluated.  
3. Regarding the timely notification of Jordan 's lists of entry regulated pests and quarantine pests, 
does Jordan have any institutional arrangement or plan?  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 15 - 
 
  A: Jordan has undertaken measures to ensure the fulfilment of its notification obligations regarding 
the lists of entry regulated pests and quarantine pests.  
Page 7, Para 12  
As provided for in the Amendments, Jordan abolished the consularization requirements for import 
invoices; the Amendments also allow for pre -arrival processing for customs procedures. Jordan 
began implementing the single window for customs proc edures and advance ruling on classification 
and origin.  
Question:  
4. Please elaborate the specific matters Jordan allows for pre -arrival processing for customs 
clearance purposes.  
A: 
• Pre-Arrival Declaration and Its Status:  The concept of a pre -arrival dec laration is 
addressed in Article  (2/a) of the existing system, which defines pre -clearance as "going 
through customs clearance procedures for goods before they arrive in the Kingdom ". 
However, it is noteworthy that the current framework does not mandate th e lodging of a 
pre-arrival declaration; instead, it is encouraged as a voluntary procedure.  
• Legal Basis for Pre -Clearance:  Article  "148/C" of the Customs Law supports the practice 
of pre -clearance by stipulating that "pre -clearance of goods imported into t he Kingdom is 
permissible by registering the customs declaration, proceeding with customs procedures, 
and collecting duties and taxes prescribed for it before its arrival in the Kingdom ". While 
encouraged, the system does not enforce its mandatory submissi on. 
• Advance Registration Requirement:  Article  (4/A) of the aforementioned system places 
an obligation on shipping agents, necessitating them to register cargo manifests in advance. 
Specifically, it mandates that "The carrier or his agent must do the follow ing: - 1- Submit 
the cargo manifest or its substitute electronically to the department, provided that it is 
registered electronically before leaving the means of transport to the last port of loading or 
before arriving in the Kingdom ". 
• Summary Statement De finition:  Article  (2/A) of the system elucidates the concept of a 
summary statement, defining it as "detailed information about the goods provided by the 
concerned party before they leave the loading port or before they arrive in the Kingdom ". 
Importantly,  this provision is binding for importers.  
• Customs Authority Discretion:  Article  3/A of the system grants the Director -General of 
Customs the authority to determine the goods, conditions, and customs cent res that apply 
the provisions of the summary declarat ion and advance clearance. This determination is 
executed through a decision issued by the Director.  
Page 24, Para 2.19  
During the review period, Jordan submitted a number of notifications to the WTO (Table  A2.1), 
mainly in the area of agriculture, FTAs, safeguards, SPS, and TFA. As of June  2023, at least 20 
outstanding notifications were identified by the WTO Central Registry of Notifications (Table  2.3). 
Jordan's unfulfilled notification obligations related  to agriculture, IP, market access, and WTO 
rules.19To date, Jordan has not submitted any notifications under the General Agreement on Trade 
in Services.  
Questions:  
5. What concrete plans does Jordan have with respect to the outstanding notification on agr iculture, 
IP and market access?  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 16 - 
 
  A: Jordan is currently in the process of coordinating with the relevant institutions to provide the 
required notification to the WTO Secretariat.  
Page 31, Para 3.5  
Upon registration, the trader acquires an Importer Card and /or an Exporter Card, which carries a 
unique number identifying the trader and facilitates Customs procedures. Commercial -scale imports 
not through a registered trader are possible, but subject to a penalty charged at 2.5% of the c.i.f. 
value of the import s. 
Question:  
6. Does Jordan levy any charge against the Importer or Exporter Card? If yes, at what rate?  
A: Yes, Jordan levies charges for the Importer and Exporter Cards. The fees for the Importer Card 
issued for the first time are 25 (JD), and the annual  renewal fees are 15 (JD).  
Page 32, Para 3.10 -11 
The authorities indicate that further reforms on customs procedures are underway with an aim to 
reducing the average release time for goods to shorter than three days.  
With regard to perishable goods, the 2018 Amendment allows the simplified procedures to be 
applicable – Jordan Customs may provisionally release the perishable goods under bond, pending 
submission of original documents including import licences. Importers may ship multiple 
consignments to Jor dan using the same import licence until its expiration date or quantity filled.  
Questions:  
7. Does Jordan have any different release time standards for such special goods as perishables?  
The Jordanian Government anticipates achieving the completion of cus toms reform to establish the 
"unified umbrella" for unified supervision of exports and imports as part of its priorities. This strategic 
objective aims to simplify and digitize investment and business procedures, with the specific goal of 
reducing the time  and cost associated with goods clearance at borders. The target is to ensure that 
the clearance process does not exceed three days and to achieve a 25% reduction in non -tariff 
indirect costs.  
To attain this objective, the government has devised a comprehe nsive plan, which involves merging 
various border control entities under a single supervisory framework. The plan is actively underway, 
with the goal of full implementation set for the end of 2023, as per the established Work Plan that 
was initiated at the  close of 2021.  
8. Please make a detailed description of Jordan 's efforts to shorten the time of customs clearance.  
A:  
• National Trade Window Implementation:  
• Allows stakeholders to organize statements and procedures in advance of goods 
arrival.  
• Enables ele ctronic submission of advance declarations, summary statements, and 
document validation.  
• Radiology Examination Device Integration:  
• Utilized in customs clearance procedures.  
• Enhances inspection efficiency and regulatory compliance.  
• Involvement of Concerned Parties in Sampling:  
• Initial stage of customs clearance process.  
• Collaboration with regulatory authorities.  
• Aims to harmonize efforts and facilitate clearance.  
• Removal of Procedural Intersections:  
• Effort to eliminate bureaucratic bottlenecks.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  • Streamlining of customs clearance process.  
• Addresses overlaps among regulatory authorities.  
• Establishment of National Targeting Centre:  
• Decision made to optimize customs operations.  
• Central coordination for goods inspection and scrutiny.  
• Enhances effectiveness of customs clearance procedures.  
Page 32, Para 3.17  
In the case that a trader is not satisfied with the final decision by Customs,  
the trader in question can seek judicial remedy from the Customs Court, and the Customs Court of 
Appeal in the  second instance. During the review period, 891 contests were registered with 
Customs,110 of which were taken to the Customs Court.  
Question:  
9. Are all dissatisfactions with the administrative decisions of the Customs resolved through the 
Customs Court? I s there any judicial means as an alternative?  
A: All cases of dissatisfaction with such decisions are subject to judicial appeal within the stipulated 
legal period. This recourse is channelled through the official entity designated for addressing such 
disputes, which is the Customs Court. Consequently, traders and parties affected by administrative 
decisions have the option to seek judicial remedy in the event of their dissatisfaction, and this 
process ensures a mechanism for independent review and resoluti on. 
It is noteworthy that within Jordan, alternative judicial mechanisms for handling disputes of a judicial 
nature, including control and mediation processes, are not employed. Instead, the prevailing 
approach is characterized by the utilization of admini strative procedures. Specifically, in cases 
related to customs crimes and financial claims, the resolution process involves the establishment of 
a committee composed of representatives from distinct sectors. This committee typically includes a 
representati ve from the judicial authority, a representative from the customs department, and a 
representative from the private sector. These stakeholders collaborate to address the concerns and 
disputes arising from customs -related offenses and financial claims, ensu ring a balanced and 
comprehensive approach to resolution.  
However, it is crucial to differentiate between customs -related disputes and other matters that do 
not pertain to customs crimes. In instances where disputes fall outside the scope of customs 
offens es, there are no alternative judicial means available for resolution. In such cases, the 
decision -making process remains exclusively within the realm of administrative procedures, under 
the jurisdiction of the Customs Department. Consequently, for matters unrelated to customs crimes, 
parties seeking resolution must adhere to the established administrative protocols, as there are no 
additional judicial avenues provided for their redress.  
Page 33, Para 3.19  
Substantial transformation usually has to meet one o f the following:  
• the change of HS tariff subheading criterion; or  
• the value -add or ad  valorem  criterion.  
• Question:  
10. Under the non -preferential rule of origin enforced by Jordan, what are the value -add and 
ad valorem  criteria in detail?  
A: Product shall  be considered Jordanian Origin if the final production operation took place in Jordan 
and a substantial transformation on the product, the transformation is considered substantial in any 
of the following two cases:  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 18 - 
 
  1. Changing the HS code of final product on subsidiary 6 -digit level from its components  
2. Achieving a local added value of no less than 30% of the product exworks price, for that 
reason:  
- The ex -works price of the product is calculated according to the average  price within the 
previous three months of the date of application, and in certain cases, invoices of other 
periods may be accepted in certain cases, and that shall be applied to the raw materials.  
Page 39, Para 3.49  
Products subject to import prohibitions  have remained largely unchanged since the last Review 
in 2016. Effective on 9  October  2015, importation of motorcycle chassis was banned on the concern  
of human safety (Table  3.5). 
Questions:  
11. Please provide data in support of the harm dealt by motorcy cle chassis to personal safety.  
A: Jordan plans to undertake a review of the matter. Any decisions stemming from this review will 
be duly communicated.  
12. Could Jordan please brief us on whether Jordan has evaluated the effect of the ban? Could Jordan 
provide relevant evidence of improvement in human safety?  
A: Please see answer of Question number (11).  
Page 46 -47, Para 3.94 -100 
Questions:  
13. What documents are required for importers to provide in order to apply for the licen ce?  
A: Importers in  Jordan are required to provide specific documents depending on the type of product 
they are importing. Here are the documents required for various categories of imports:  
For food for special use:  
• Free Sale Certificate  
• Certificate of Composition  
• GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices), or ISO 22000, or HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical 
Control Points)  
• Articles supporting the claims  
For athletic food (in addition to the above):  
• Free Sale Certificate  
• Certificate of Composition  
• GMP, ISO 22000, or HACCP  
• Articles s upporting the claims  
• Free of hormones certificate  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 19 - 
 
  For genetically modified food (GMO):  
• Free Sale Certificate issued by a competent authority in the country of origin proving that 
the product is in circulation in the country of origin.  
• A health certificate for the final product proving its suitability for human consumption 
(original and certified by the regulatory authority in the country of origin).  
• Certificate of Origin.  
• The label for genetically modified food . 
For packaging products intended for contact w ith food:  
• An original health certificate issued by the manufacturer proving the safety of contact with 
food, certified by the Chamber of Industry and Commerce in the country of origin.  
• Import invoice . 
• Certificate of origin . 
14. As some agricultural products, plant products, animal products, and food are required to apply 
for licen ces for import purposes, can Jordan provide a list of products for which licen ces are required 
to be taken out? What are the bases on which to make the list? Ha ve you conducted scientific safety 
risk assessment for the products requiring licen ces? 
A: In Jordan, certain agricultural products, plant products, animal products, and food items require 
licences for importation. The basis for determining the list of pro ducts requiring licen ces is primarily 
governed by the relevant laws and regulations in Jordan. Here is a list of products for which licen ces 
are required for import purposes, along with the legal framework under which they fall:  
Under the Food Law:  
• Foods f or special use  
• Foods for athletes  
• Food additives  
• Packaging materials (indirect food additives)  
• Products that contain genetically modified elements among their ingredients  
Under the Medicines and Pharmacy Law:  
• Infant food formula  
• Complementary foods  
The det ermination of these products requiring licen ces is based on the legal and regulatory 
framework in place to ensure the safety, quality, and compliance of imported goods with national 
standards and public health considerations. These laws and regulations are  designed to safeguard 
consumers and ensure that products entering the market meet the necessary safety and quality 
requirements.  
Regarding scientific safety risk assessments for the products requiring licen ces, it is essential to note 
that Jordan's regula tory authorities typically conduct assessments and evaluations to determine the 
safety and compliance of these products with established standards and regulations. These WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 20 - 
 
  assessments may include scientific studies, laboratory testing, and other evaluations to ensure that 
the products meet the required safety and quality criteria.  
15. What are the standards for automatic or non -automatic licensing of agricultural products, plant 
products, animal products and food?  
A: The reference for automatic and non -automa tic licensing of agricultural products, plant products, 
animal products and food is the Import and Export Licen ce and Card bylaw No. 111 of 2004 and 
amendments thereof, issued in accordance with Article  12 of Import and Export Law No. 12 of 2001 
and amendm ent thereof, Also the Importation regulation No. (109) for 2015, issued under Article  15 
of the Import and Export Licen ce and Card Regulation No. 114 of 2004 and amendments thereof  
For more information: https://traderepository.customs.gov.jo/english/page5.html  
16. Does Jordan grant exemptions from the inspection and quarantine certificates (e.g.  veterinary 
health certificates and plant quarantine certificates) for some animal and plant products with low 
risks? If yes, please provide a list of products entitled to such exemptions.  
A: Jordan does not grant exemptions from inspection and quarantine certi ficates, such as veterinary 
health certificates and plant quarantine certificates, for animal and plant products with low risks. 
The Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) does not provide such exemptions. All relevant 
inspection and quarantine require ments apply to imported animal and plant products regardless of 
their perceived risk level.  
17. What are Jordan 's concrete procedures for pre -approval of meat producers from a third country?  
A: All the relevant information can be accessed via the following  link: 
https://traderepository.customs.gov.jo/english/page5.html  
This information is in accordance with Importation Instructions No. (109) for 2015, issued under 
Article  15 of the Licensing and Card System for Importation and Exportation, along with its 
amendments as stipulated in No. (114) for 2004.  
Page 47, Para 3.103  
The JFDA charges importers JOD  30 for the inspection and testing of each sample (physical, 
chemical, or microbiological test). Physical and sensory inspection is on the spot. Laboratory testing 
takes between 24 hours and 1 week. If a consignment is not in conformity with SPS requirement s, 
it will be re -exported during a period specified by the Director -General of the JFDA (two months) or 
destroyed.  
Questions:  
18. Does Jordan have measures to further shorten the time of inspection and quarantine for goods 
or to make the release of goods m ore efficient by improving the inspection and quarantine process?  
A: Certainly, the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) is actively working to expedite the 
inspection and quarantine processes, as well as enhance the efficiency of goods release. The JFDA 
is committed to shortening the time required for inspection and analysis procedures to facilitate a 
smoother and more efficient process for the release of goods. These efforts are in line with the 
JFDA's ongoing commitment to improving trade facilitat ion measures related to inspection and 
quarantine.  
19. Does the sample testing fee impose addition cost on foreign trade enterprises? Is the collection 
of such fee reasonable?  
A: The testing fees imposed in Jordan are based on the number of tests and samp les and are applied 
uniformly without discrimination between clients. Therefore, the collection of these fees is considered 
reasonable and does not impose additional costs on foreign trade enterprises in an unjust or 
discriminatory manner.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 21 - 
 
  20. Please provi de a list of the products subject to lab testing, a list of the tests actually done by 
labs, and the rate at which the fee is levied.  
A: In Jordan, all food products are subject to inspection and analysis based on a targeting system, 
specifically the risk -based selectivity system. The testing of these products is conducted in 
accordance with the indicators outlined in the relevant technical regulation.  
PART II: QUESTIONS REGARDING THE GOVERNMENT REPORT  
Page 17, Para 5.5  
The Customs Law No. 33 of 2018 and it s subsequent amendment, Law No. 10 of 2019, have been 
enacted to establish comprehensive regulations and procedures governing customs in Jordan. The 
primary objectives of these laws are to facilitate international trade, ensure adherence to 
international s tandards, and safeguard national security and public health. The legislation 
encompasses various key provisions, including the utilization of advanced . 
information technology, automation, and risk management techniques.  
Questions:  
21. Please make a detaile d description of the Customs Law No. 33 of 2018 and its subsequent 
amendment, Law No. 10 of 2019.  
A: The most important amendments made under Amended Customs Law No. (33) of 2018 are as 
follows:  
1. Article  (5) has been amended regarding the use of information  technology and automation, risk 
management methods and customs intelligence to collect and analy ze information in accordance 
with international standards while the department is carrying out its work.  
2. Article  (31) has been amended. It is sufficient for th e invoice and documents submitted with the 
customs declaration to be original without requiring them to be authenticated by embassies or 
consulates abroad.  
3. Article  (43) has been amended to submit the manifest electronically by the ship's captain before 
the ship's arrival in the territorial waters.  
4. Article  (61) has been amended to accept electronic documents attached by to the customs 
declaration electronically.  
5. Article  (84) has been amended to issue a system for granting facilities to entities that are 
committed to the provisions of the Customs Law and related legislation.  
In order to encourage compliance and grant the obligated parties additional advantages and 
provide legal bases for the recognition of the approved economic operator and determine the 
period during which the department may conduct the post -audit and distinguish it from the 
period specified for conducting the examination and inspection after the release of the goods 
and the completion of the customs declarations, and to provide a legislat ive framework for prior 
coordination to conduct the audit with the intended authorities Granting it facilities in customs 
procedures and actual practices that take place in this framework, which encourages taxpayers 
to abide by the provisions of customs le gislation, achieves transparency in dealing, and codifies 
the facilities granted by the Department to many private sector companies, which are called (the 
golden list), and is consistent with the Kyoto Agreement to simplify customs procedures.  
6. Amendment of  Article  (93) regulating the transit of dangerous goods and dual -use goods 
through the territory of Jordan.  
To meet the international obligations under UN Security Council resolutions to impose control on 
dangerous goods and goods of peaceful and non -peace ful dual use, including goods imported to 
the Kingdom for transit through its territory or for re -shipment at land, air and sea ports.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 22 - 
 
  7. Article  (148) has been amended to simplify procedures in terms of submitting a brief statement 
of goods before their arrival in the Kingdom, legalizing pre -clearance of goods, and issuing 
preliminary decisions regarding classification of tariff items and determination of origin.  
In order to simplify and facilitate procedures and shorten the time for importers by authoriz ing 
pre-clearance of goods and implementing Jordan's obligations under the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement.  
8.  Article  (199-206) has been amended to tighten fines imposed on customs violations.  
In order to develop the provisions of criminalization and punishmen t and the principles of 
prosecution, by dealing with cases of disposal of released goods until their import is authorized 
by the competent authorities, because this type of violation poses a high risk to food and 
economic security, in addition to increasin g the penalties and fines stipulated in the Customs 
Law in proportion. With the gravity of the act and its effects on Jordanian economic and social 
security.  
9. Amending Article  (227) to become:  Formation of the Customs Public Prosecution by the Judicial 
Council and in accordance with the Law for the Formation of Regular Courts after it was affiliated 
with the Customs Department.  
In order to give the Customs Court specific jurisdiction over smuggling crimes, regardless of the 
characteristics of the perpetrator s, to prevent non -serious objections to penalties in order to 
delay the payment of fines and fees realized, and to grant the Customs Prosecutor General legal 
jurisdiction to investigate money laundering crimes discovered within the framework of customs 
operations, so that he can collect evidence and take testimonies. In the event of a money 
laundering offense linked to the customs smuggling offense, which gives his investigations the 
status of judicial actions and allows the regular public prosecutor to com plete the investigation 
from the point reached by the investigations of the customs prosecutor.  
The most important amendments made under Amended Law No. (10) of 2019 can be 
summarized as follows:  
1. Article  (191) has been amended to give powers to the Public Prosecution during the investigation 
of customs offenses and violations, such as precautionary seizure in case of fear of money 
smuggling and closing the place where the customs smuggling offense was committed.  
In order to protect the rights of the treasury and prevent cases of money smuggling in order to 
evade the implementation of the penalties imposed against the perpetrators of customs crimes, 
similar to what is applied against those involved in other tax crimes.  
2. Article  (206) has been amended to  tighten some customs fines with regard to smuggling goods 
subject to exorbitant duties.  
This is in order to achieve proportionality with the gravity of the act and its effects on the 
economic and social security of the Kingdom, including the loss of fees and fines.  
22. Could Jordan please make a brief introduction to the effect of the latest Customs Law in 
operation?  
A: Please see answer of Question number (21).  
Page 18, Para 5.6  
Moreover, the law includes a provision for the issuance of a regulation gove rning the transit of 
hazardous and dual use goods through Jordan. Notably, the procedures have been simplified, with 
owners of goods now required to provide a concise statement prior to the arrival of their goods in 
the Jordan. These legislative measures s ignify Jordan's commitment to modernizing its customs 
procedures, enhancing efficiency, and promoting compliance with international standards.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 23 - 
 
  Questions:  
23. Please elaborate the materials to be provided in order to "provide a concise statement prior to 
the arrival of their goods in the Jordan "?  
A:  
The requisite materials consist of three key components: an invoice providing comprehensive details 
on the goods, a valid certificate of origin to establish the source of the goods, and, if applicable, an 
agree ment application document for goods covered by specific trade agreements. Notably, copies of 
these documents are permissible for submission, streamlining the documentation process.  
24. What information does the statement made by owners of hazardous and dua l use goods in transit 
have to contain? In addition to the statement, what other procedures do they have to comply with?  
A:  
Owners of hazardous and dual -use goods in transit must provide a thorough declaration that includes 
essential information such as safety data sheets and approvals from security authorities. These 
goods are loaded directly upon arrival under the supervision of a security committee, and advanced 
notification to the entry ports is mandatory to prepare for their handl ing. Additionally, each item 
listed on the invoice accompanying these goods must be identified with a "CAS NUMBER" in the 
customs declaration.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  DOMINICAN REPUBLIC  
Document WT/TPR/S/446  
3 TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE  
3.1 Measures directly affecting imports  
3.1.1 Customs procedures, valuation, and requirements  
3.3. Jordan ratified the WTO  Agreement  on Trade Facilitation (TFA) on 22  February  2017 and has 
submitted to the WTO its notifications on the measures under Categories A, B, an d C.1 According to 
the authorities, the TFA provisions/obligations have been transposed into the 2018 Amendment 
(Law No. 33 of 2018). The authorities further indicate that almost all TFA provisions have been 
implemented.  
1. Could you please specify which p rovisions of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) that 
was previously mentioned, are still applicable and remain in full force?  
A: Five measures of the prementioned seven were applied in Jordan as follow: information available 
through internet, enqui ry point, advance ruling, acceptance of copies, single window and will be 
notified soon.  
Under the Trade Facilitation Agreement, Jordan collaborates with a variety of international 
organizations to notify the WTO secretary of measures that have been adopte d, starting from 
developing and validating a Roadmap on Categories "B" and "C" of Jordan's commitments under the 
WTO TFA.  
Regarding the difficulties for implementing the outstanding provisions, and on the possible technical 
assistance required, this will b e provided as soon as possible in cooperation with all relevant entities.  
2. What were the challenges for its complete adoption ? 
A: Please see answer of Question number (1)  
WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement  
Their reports do not address the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, adopted at the Twelfth Ministerial 
Conference (MC12) on 17 June 2022.  
1. Could you please identify and provide a progress update on your internal procedures regarding 
the acceptance and imp lementation of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement?  
A: Jordan has initiated the procedures to ratify the Fisheries Support Agreement, a significant 
achievement arising from the Twelfth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization. 
Currently, Jordan  is in the process of following the legislative steps required for the ratification of 
this agreement. Jordan aims to expedite this process to ensure completion before the 
commencement of the thirteenth Ministerial Conference scheduled to be held in Abu Dh abi. 
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  EUROPEAN UNION  
WT/TPR/G/446 – Government report Jordan  
1. INTRODUCTION  
Paragraph 1.3, page 3  
EU question 1: In view of Jordan's ambitious target to reduce public debt from 92%/GDP in 2021 to 
80%/GDP by 2027 through increase revenue collection, what concrete measures are in place or 
further planned to be implemented to broaden the tax base?  
A: In light of Jordan's ambitious goal to reduce its public debt from 92% of GDP in 2021 to 80% of 
GDP by 2027, there are concrete measures in place, as well as pl anned initiatives, aimed at 
broadening the tax base. These measures encompass a range of structural fiscal reforms:  
1. Tax Policy and Administration: The government is actively advancing its agenda for base 
broadening and tax compliance. To achieve this, the government is taking the following steps:  
• Developing a comprehensive roadmap that connects overarching strategic objectives 
outlined in the 2021 plan to specific timebound intermediate and operational targets.  
• Introducing AI -based auditing for all sub mitted tax returns to enhance the audit function 
of the Income and Sales Tax Department (ISTD).  
• Launching an e -invoicing system to strengthen the monitoring of economic transactions 
and address issues related to under -invoicing.  
Additionally, the governm ent is reviewing property and capital taxation regimes and conducting a 
tax expenditure analysis as part of their ongoing tax reforms.  
2. Expenditure Efficiency: Recognizing the substantial financial burden posed by universal food price 
subsidies, the gov ernment has sought technical assistance from the Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD) 
to enhance the targeting of subsidies, strengthen supply chain audits, and enforce stricter penalties 
for misuse. Efforts are also underway to improve the efficiency of target ed social support programs:  
• Unifying all National Aid Fund (NAF) programs for Jordanian citizens into a single 
programme.  
• Enhancing the targeting approach to improve the efficiency of social support programs.  
Furthermore, the government is actively impleme nting a public sector modernization programme 
aimed at enhancing the efficiency, attractiveness, transparency, and accountability of the public 
sector. This includes measures such as merit -based hiring and promotions.  
3. Fiscal Risks: In line with recomme ndations stemming from the Fiscal Transparency Evaluation 
conducted the previous year, the Ministry of Finance (MoF) is preparing a fiscal risks statement. This 
statement is intended to be published alongside the 2024 budget, with the proposed submission 
date set for December  2023. This statement will provide transparency and insight into the fiscal 
risks associated with government finances.  
In addition to the overarching tax policy and administration initiatives, the Income and Sales Tax 
Department in Jord an has also undertaken a series of concrete measures aimed at broadening the 
tax base. These specific measures include:  
1. Establishment of Field Survey Teams: The department has established dedicated field survey 
teams tasked with conducting in -depth ass essments of tax liabilities. These teams play a crucial role 
in identifying potential areas for tax base expansion and ensuring compliance among taxpayers.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  2. Combatting Tax Evasion and Avoidance: Efforts to combat tax evasion and avoidance are a top 
priority. The department has implemented rigorous measures to detect and deter tax evasion, 
including conducting thorough investigations and audits of suspected cases.  
3. Introduction of a Billing System: The department has introduced an advanced billing system to 
streamline tax collection processes and enhance transparency. This system helps ensure that all 
taxable transactions are accurately recorded and reported.  
4. Enhancement of Electronic Services: To provide taxpayers with efficient and user -friend ly 
solutions, the department has invested in enhancing its electronic services. These improvements 
include online tax filing, payment options, and access to comprehensive tax -related information.  
5. Awareness Campaign: Recognizing the importance of taxpayer education, the department has 
launched an extensive awareness campaign. This campaign is designed to promote tax compliance 
and encourage voluntary registration among taxpayers, thereby contributing to the expansion of the 
tax base.  
Paragraph 1.7,  page 3  
EU question 2: 1. The EU commends Jordan's impressive numbers in combatting food inflation. What 
measures did Jordan employ in its response to the ensuing food security crisis following the 
Russian  Federation's invasion of Ukraine? What food securi ty related measures are envisioned in the 
National Food Security Strategy (2021 -30) and the National Plan for Sustainable Agriculture 
(2022 -25)? 
A: Jordan has employed several measures in response to the food security challenges posed by the 
global situati on, particularly following the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine:  
1. Diversification of Grain Sources: Jordan has diversified its sources of grain imports, securing 
supplies from countries such as Romania, Australia, and others. This div ersification strategy aims to 
ensure a stable and reliable supply of grains to meet domestic demand.  
2. Strategic Grain Reserves: To mitigate potential disruptions in grain supply chains, Jordan has 
established strategic grain reserves. These reserves are  maintained in various storage facilities, 
including silos and bunkers, with the capacity to store sufficient quantities for extended periods, 
sometimes exceeding 18 months. This strategic approach enhances food security by providing a 
buffer against suppl y fluctuations  
3. The National Food Security Strategy (2021 -30) and the National Plan for Sustainable Agriculture 
(2022 -25) outline a comprehensive set of measures to address food security challenges and promote 
sustainable agriculture:  
• Promotion of Smart  Agriculture: These strategies include agricultural extension and 
promotion programs aimed at adopting smart agriculture practices and modern 
technologies in the agricultural sector. The integration of advanced technologies is 
expected to enhance agricultu ral productivity and ensure a more resilient food supply 
chain.  
• Reduction of Food Loss and Waste: The strategies also emphasize the reduction of food 
loss and waste throughout the food supply chain. By minimizing post -harvest losses and 
improving distribut ion and storage practices, Jordan aims to optimize the use of available 
food resources.  
For more detailed information on these strategies and plans, you can refer to the official website of 
the Ministry of Agriculture, where comprehensive documents outlini ng Jordan's approach to food 
security and sustainable agriculture are available (www.moa.gov.jo).  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  Paragraph 1.10, page 4  
EU question 3: Acknowledging Jordan's efforts in achieving goals related to carbon dioxide (CO2) 
emissions per capita by 2030, the EU w ould appreciate knowing if Jordan has plans to join or adopt 
a national/global carbon pricing initiatives, such as the EU ETS?  
A: Jordan appreciates the efforts made by the EU in the area of carbon pricing, including the 
EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS ). Jordan is committed to addressing climate change and 
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While we don't currently have specific plans to join or adopt a 
national/global carbon pricing initiative like the EU ETS, we are actively exploring various options 
and international collaborations to enhance our climate policies and contribute to global climate 
goals. We remain open to dialogue and cooperation on climate -related initiatives with the EU and 
other international partners.  
1.1 Jordan's Economic Moderniz ation Vision 2030  
Paragraph 1.15, page 4  
EU question 4: The EU welcomes Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision and is looking forward to 
assisting the Kingdom in its implementation. In this context, interested to know if in preparation of 
the vision, any c onsultations with relevant stakeholders, including with civil society organizations, 
were taking place [the report states that "The vision and its roadmap were developed 
"collaboratively"]?  
A: In preparation for Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision, a co mprehensive and collaborative 
approach was adopted, which involved consultations with a wide range of relevant stakeholders, 
including civil society organizations. More than 500 experts representing various sectors and 
institutions, including the private a nd public sectors, Parliament, academia, civil society, media, and 
development partners, actively participated in a national dialogue known as the "National Economic 
Workshop". This inclusive dialogue allowed for diverse perspectives and expertise to contr ibute to 
the development of the vision and its roadmap.  For a detailed list of the 500 experts who participated 
in this collaborative effort, please refer to the following link: List of Participants 
(https://www.jordanvision.jo/en/site/participants).  
2. EC ONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:  
2.2 Regional challenges  
Paragraph 2.13, page 6  
EU question 5: According to the report, trade with neighbour Syria and Iraq remains disrupted and 
that "Jordanian businesses may need to reconsider their trade patterns and explore alternat ive 
markets". Could Jordan explain if it has already identified alternative markets for such products?  
A: Jordan has displayed resilience in a volatile regional context, despite facing challenges from 
conflicts in neighbouring countries. The closure of its  primary border crossings with Syria and Iraq 
since 2015 had significant repercussions for Jordan's trade and economy. While some border 
crossings have reopened, the ongoing closure disrupts established trade routes, logistics networks, 
and supply chains. This leads to delays, increased costs, and potential trade losses for Jordanian 
businesses, particularly those heavily reliant on trade with Iraq and Syria. These disruptions pose 
threats to economic growth, job opportunities, and may result in decreased i nvestment and 
economic contraction. Jordanian businesses must consider alternative markets, necessitating 
adjustments in logistics and marketing strategies. There's also the possibility of trade diversion, 
impacting the competitiveness of Jordanian busines ses in the regional market.  
The National Export Strategy for the years 2023 -25 has played a pivotal role in this process. The 
strategy has identified products with export opportunities based on a comprehensive mechanism 
that takes into account various fact ors, including legislative and regulatory frameworks, geographical 
proximity, market size, cultural affinity, stability, demand volume, and growth rates in potential 
markets.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  As a result of this strategic approach, Jordan has identified several alternative markets across 
different regions, including North America, South and East Africa, the Arabian Gulf region, North 
Asia, and countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Some of the specific markets that have been 
identified as having export op portunities for Jordanian products.  
2.4 Investment and investment policy  
Paragraph 2.22., page 8  
EU question 6: There is no explicit reference to sustainable investment. In 2022, the OECD 
conducted FDI Qualities Review of Jordan and set out a number of rec ommendations on what the 
government should do to make investment more sustainable in order to meet the SDGs.  
Could Jourdan clarify how its new Investment Law is aiming at attracting sustainable investment 
and how would Jordan ensure that investment conside rations are explicitly integrated in various 
strategies on innovation, SMEs, employment, skills, gender, and decarbonization and vice versa.  
A: According to the Investment Environment Law the Council of Ministers may, upon the 
recommendation of the Incenti ves and Exemptions Committee, adopt any incentives, benefits or 
exemptions for the Economic Activities in any region of the Kingdom, including subsidizing energy 
and water costs and supporting renewable energy projects.  
Paragraph 2.23, page 8  
EU question 7 : Could Jordan clarify the coordination mechanisms in place between the main 
authority when it comes to investments, the Ministry of Investment, and other line ministries in key 
sectors such as Finance, Agriculture, Trade and Infrastructure?  
A: The Ministr y of Investment (MoIN) is the main reference authority for Investment in the Kingdom, 
and its aims are attracting, encouraging and promoting Investment, ensuring the sustainability of 
an attractive investment climate, and enhance confidence in, develop and  organize the investment 
environment.  
To achieve its goals, MoIN assumes the following duties and authorities, prepares the Kingdom's 
investment map draft, which identifies the available Investment opportunities according to sectors 
and governorates, inclu ding private sector partnership projects, in coordination and cooperation with 
the concerned authorities.  
MoIN coordinates with line ministries and other governmental entities, to prepare the investment 
opportunities as well as evaluating these opportuniti es, to make sure that they are feasible and 
promotable.  
MoIN coordinates the licensing process, through a "Comprehensive Investment Service" for licensing 
the Economic Activities, through a joint electronic platform with the competent authorities 
responsib le for the registration and licensing.  
Furthermore, the investment council is formed under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister and the 
membership of the following line ministers along with private sector representatives:  
1. The Minister of Investment as vi ce-chairman.  
2. The Minister of Planning and International Cooperation.  
3. The Minister of Finance.  
4. The Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply.  
5. The Minister of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship.  
6. The Governor of the Central Bank of Jordan.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  The council assume t he following duties and authorities:  
1. Approve the investment policy which includes the targeted priority sectors and projects, 
in line with the general policy of the Kingdom, the economic vision, and the economic and 
social executive plans and programs.  
2. Approve the investment map of the Kingdom and follow -up its updating.  
3. Discuss the reports related to the implementation of plans, strategies and programs 
related to the Investment and provide guidance thereon.  
4. Direct on taking all necessary steps to develop  the Investment environment of the 
Kingdom.  
5. Recommend necessary legislative and regulatory amendments to improve the investment 
environment.  
6. Decide on disputes that may arise between the Official Entities in relation to the 
investment environment.  
Any other matters relating to the Investment, except for the matters that fall under the capacity of 
the Ministry.  
Paragraph 2.24, page 8  
EU question 8: Jordan has recently finalized with the IMF the C -PIMA. What does this exercise means 
for Jordan when it comes to greener investments, in particular climate -related infrastructure?  
A: The completion of the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (C -PIMA) exercise with the 
International Monetary Fund (IMF) represents a significant step for Jo rdan in the context of greener 
investments, particularly in climate -related infrastructure. During negotiations related to "just 
transition" and "response measures", the Jordanian government emphasized that the approach 
taken by developed countries, such a s the European  Union, should not be directly applied to 
developing nations like Jordan.  
Jordan has taken proactive steps to anticipate and address climate -related challenges, aiming to 
provide support and incentives to major exporters within the country. S everal key initiatives and 
collaborations have been undertaken, including:  
1. Implementation of a project aimed at reducing NOX emissions and enhancing energy 
efficiency for KEMAPCO, a fertilizer exporter, with support from a German fund.  
2. Collaboration with  the European  Union to improve energy efficiency in the food industry 
sector, involving approximately 10 companies.  
3. Partnership with the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) for the Green 
Factory/Industry theme development (GAIN).  
4. Support fo r the aviation sector, specifically Queen Alia Airport, in achieving carbon 
neutrality, making it the first carbon -neutral airport in the region.  
5. Assistance provided to the AQABA marine port company, the Jordanian refinery, and other 
relevant entities in developing long -term low -carbon pathways.  
Furthermore, the Ministry of Environment is actively working to engage and encourage the private 
sector's involvement in climate -responsive actions. This approach aims to facilitate the registration 
of factories as  green producers, further contributing to Jordan's commitment to greener investments 
and climate -related infrastructure development.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  Paragraph 2.27, page 8  
EU question 9: The report states a considerable increase of FDIs in 2022 compared to the year 
preced ing COVID -19 pandemic, which is commendable. Could Jordan complement the information 
with further details in numbers as well as details on origin, sector and type of FDI received in the 
year 2022?  
A: We currently in the process of collecting and compiling detailed data on Foreign Direct 
Investments (FDIs) and will provide report on FDIs once this data collection process is completed.  
3. SECTORAL DEVELOPMENTS  
3.1 Industrial sector  
Paragraph 3.7, page 10  
EU question 10: Reports on problems identified in the t extile sector (including harassment, arbitrary 
dismissals, and poor working conditions) remain a concern, in particular considering that most of 
textile employees are women and migrant workers. The EU would be grateful for more clarifications 
on what is th e current situation in Jordan when it comes to labour inspection to ensure decent work 
standards.  
A: Ministry of Labour (MoL) is in constant coordination with International Labour Organization (ILO) 
to execute better work project. It strives for an export -oriented Jordanian garment industry that lifts 
people out of poverty by providing decent work, empowering women and driving business 
competitiveness and inclusive economic growth.  
The project works to strengthen the capacity of tripartite constituents – government, workers and 
employers – to fulfil their mandates in promoting decent work outcomes. As a first for Better Work, 
Better Work Jordan tested successfully an innovative labour inspection programme to build the 
capacity of labour inspectors to conduct  high quality inspections. In recent years, the programme 
has also worked with other technical teams within the ILO, including experts on occupational safety 
and health (OSH), to equip MoL inspectors with the tools, skills and knowledge to undertake factor y 
assessments using Better Work methodology. This initiative resulted in the establishment of a 
dedicated Better Work Unit at the MoL tasked with conducting inspections in the garment, plastic, 
chemical and engineering sectors jointly with Better Work Jord an staff.  
Also MoL worked on Developing E -inspection system that includes the establishment of control room 
and automating all inspection procedures.  
MoL worked on developing an electronic inspection system (labour, occupational health and safety) 
based on  (level of risk at enterprises in terms of work environment and conditions). It consists of 
three main phases (1st: system establishment and operation, 2nd reporting and OHS procedure, 
and 3rd employer screens and e -penalties). The first phase was complete d on December  2021 and 
system was put into operation on January  2022, the second phase was completed on Feb 2022 while 
the third and final phase is expected to be completed by end of 2023.  
Also, MOL electronic inspection system provide an automated linkage  with many governmental 
institutions such as: Ministry of Industry and Trade, Companies Control Department, Social Security 
Corporation, Public Security Directorate … etc, to ensure information verification of employers and 
employees and exchange of info e lectronically.  
The system is put into operation as of January  2022 and no inspection is carried out or adopted 
without the electronic system.  
It is worth noting that ILO provided support in establishing the control room (not the system) and 
also the development of complaint e -system (considered as complementary to e -inspection system).  
The e -inspection system aims to:  
1. Documenting inspection visits by recording them using the inspectors' portable camera.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  2. Real-time follow -up of inspectors through live v ideo broadcasting to them during 
inspection visits, which leads to monitoring and correcting all matters related to the 
inspection process, including behaviour or legal procedures.  
3. Track the path of inspectors through their locations within the tracking sy stem on the 
cameras.  
4. The possibility of reviewing records of inspection visits and following up on their 
procedures when there are any objections to the inspection process.  
5. Direct communication with inspectors through the communication system located on th e 
cameras and directing them when the control room monitors any observations and 
directing the inspectors in a way that ensures improvement of the inspection process.  
3.2 Agriculture  
Paragraph 3.23, page 12  
EU question 11: Water is not only a concern in te rms of efficient sourcing and consumption but also 
in terms of revenue collection. Approximately 50% of Jordan's extracted water is lost to 
Non-Revenue Water (NRW) —water lost through leaks, theft, or inaccurate metering. Some studies 
indicated that the acc ompanying financial loss for the Government is approximately USD  500 million 
per year. Can Jordan clarify what specific measures are in place or planned in the future to address 
NRW?  
A: Jordan has elaborated the following strategic approach for addressing NRW:  
Switch to continuous supply operation to better manage NRW. To reach the NRW target, the water 
system must be under continuous supply, which enables leak detection and management of 
operational pressure in a continuous way, such that physical losses c an be detected early and 
repaired quickly. This will take into account that the application of continuous supply will be in water 
systems and isolated distribution areas subject to monitoring and controlling.  
Develop, update, and implement utility -level NR W reduction plans. The national NRW Reduction 
Strategy clearly articulates the priorities, strategic direction, and specific actions for NRW reduction 
in all water systems. Each of the water sector institutions shall have to correspondingly develop its 
utility-level NRW reduction plan that aligns with the water sector Infrastructure Water Master Plans. 
These plans shall identify priorities and investment needs to achieve NRW reduction targets.  
Build NRW management capacities of water utilities. Build operat ional and management capacities 
of human resources and set appropriate programs for motivating them to plan and implement 
effective operations to address NRW and to conduct leak detection surveys. This will include 
development of plans for installing the r equired meters and implementing operational pressure 
management. Asset management practices will be improved to carry out effective and ongoing 
maintenance.  
Implement PPP in NRW management. PPPs can be a valuable tool in NRW reduction. Water 
institutions w ill define appropriate and feasible PPP cases and design the appropriate projects. 
capacities will also be built to develop and manage PPP contracts, building on previous cases, 
including the identification of areas for improvements.  
Ensure effective and c ontinuous monitoring and measurement. It is vital to put in place monitoring 
measures to assist in managing the NRW and setting priority actions, and in measuring, monitoring 
and analyzing flows and the operational pressure levels across the water system.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  Strategic objectives, targets and timeline is provided in the table below:  
Reduce Non -Revenue Water (NRW) in all municipal water systems to increase supply quantities 
and to ensure that new water supplies from desalination are utilized to the greatest exte nt 
practicable  
Indicator/Target: NRW reduced from around 50% to 35% nationally when operating the national 
conveyance project, and to 25% nationally by 2040  
Goals/Objectives  Indicators/Target  Timeline  
Objective 2.1 : Reduce 
administrative losses across all 
municipal water systems to ensure 
that water that is treated and 
distributed reaches customers  -Ensure that 100% of municipal water customers are billed  
-Reach 100% municipal water customers' billing generated 
from reliable meter readings by 20 26 
-Installation of accurate meters on water sources and 
transmission mains is 100% completed by 2026  
-Continue work to reduce illegal water use and take legal 
actions against them  Ongoing 
and 
continuous  
Objective 2.2:  Upgrade 
municipal water system 
management practices to reduce 
physical losses by controlling and 
rapidly repairing leakage and 
more effective maintenance and 
pressure management  -Restructure water networks to achieve 100% isolated 
District Metered Area (DMA) coverage with verified 
metering  by 2030  
-Water network regularly surveyed for invisible leaks when 
continuous supply is achieved  
-Steadily reduce the number of pipe breaks per km of 
network while significantly improving the response time 
repair reported leaks and breakages, with appropriate 
timelines and targets set for each utility  
-Improved operational pressure management and 
continuous monitoring  Ongoing  
Objective 2.3: Increase 
automation of water supply 
system operation  Control primary and bulk water transmission operations  
through SCADA by 2033  2033 
Objective 2.4: Improve asset 
management  All utilities improve their asset management through an 
automated and integrated asset management system by 
2030 2030 
3.3 Services sector  
Paragraph 3.28, page 13  
EU question 12: In earl y 2023, the Central Bank of Jordan announced the National Strategy for 
Financial Inclusion (2023 -27). The latter is understood to expand financial inclusion for refugees, 
which is very commendable.  Against this background, the EU would appreciate a state o f play of the 
strategy. Moreover, in view of Jordan's first green bonds, is green financing part of the new strategy 
as well?  
A: In early 2023, the Central Bank of Jordan announced the vision for the National Financial Inclusion 
Strategy (2023 -27) and not the strategy itself. Subsequently, the Central Bank of Jordan engaged 
in a comprehensive and inclusive approach, collaborating with its partners to develop the National 
Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) for the period 2023 -27. The strategy is currently i n the 
finalization stage and is expected to be officially announced in October.  
Regarding the integration of green financing within the new strategy, the Central Bank of Jordan is 
indeed in the final stages of developing a green finance strategy. This stra tegy places a significant 
emphasis on various aspects, including:  
1. Building capacities to raise awareness within the financial sector and increasing 
participation in international institutions.  
2. Establishing a robust framework for monitoring and evaluating efforts to green the 
financial sector.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  3. Conducting environmental risk assessments to lay the foundation for future actions. This 
involves identifying climate and environmental risks to the financial sector in Jordan, 
pinpointing areas of vulnera bility, and formulating a detailed action plan for assessment.  
4. Integrating climate and environmental considerations into the central bank's policies. This 
encompasses the integration of climate risks into financial stability activities, the 
incorporation of environmental risks into macroeconomic models, and the transition of 
monetary policy towards green principles.  
Jordan is committed to advancing its green financing initiatives and is actively working on integrating 
sustainability and environmental facto rs into its financial sector policies. This approach aligns with 
Jordan's dedication to fostering financial inclusion and addressing environmental challenges, 
including those related to climate change.  
4. IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS  
4.1 Labour market policies  
Paragraph 4.4, page 13  
EU question 13: In April  2023, it was reported that the National Employment Programme had 
supported, effectively, 21,110 jobs. The EU would appreciate Jordan's assessment on the result and 
challenges identified preventing the programm e to reach full potential.  
A: The National Employment Programme (NEP) was launched in April  2022, aiming to provide 
60,000  job opportunities for Jordanian men and women in the private sector. It relies on demand 
from the private sector and aims to create j ob opportunities, followed by training the workers as 
needed.  
NEP targets individuals aged between 18 -40 years old, with 35% of them being females, and 7% of 
the targeted individuals are graduates of the National Aid Fund.  
The number of beneficiaries of NE P who have signed employment contracts with private sector 
institutions reached 27,458 individuals. They have joined their jobs through agreements with 
1,972  facilities in private sector.  
The beneficiaries of the National Aid Fund (NAF) were 2,033 individu als, with 931 females and 
1,102  males.  
The highest employment rates were recorded in the education sector at 27.5% and the industrial 
sector at 27%, while the lowest employment rates were in the electricity, gas, steam, and air 
conditioning supply sector a t 0.4%.  
The total job opportunities available from private sector institutions and companies as of the 
programme's date were 65,191 jobs. The highest percentage, 39%, was in Amman, followed by 
27% in Irbid, 11% in Aqaba, 9% in Zarqa, 4% in Karak, and 2% ea ch in Ajloun, Madaba, and Balqa, 
while the lowest percentage of 1% was in Ma'an, Jarash, and Tafilah.  
The total number of job seekers registered in the programme was 69,704, including 34,693 females 
and 35,011 males. The highest percentage of job seekers h ad a bachelor's degree at 39%, while the 
lowest percentages were 1% for those with a higher diploma and 0% for those with a Ph.D.  
Employment is carried out by employers according to their needs and in coordination with 
representatives of economic sectors a nd fields. Financial incentives are provided for a period of 
six months for each worker, including 130 Jordanian Dinars (wage support), 10 Jordanian Dinars 
(social security contributions support), and 10 Jordanian Dinars (transportation allowance), totalin g 
150 Jordanian Dinars.  
Currently MoL in coordination with the World Bank is conducting a supply assessment including data 
from NEP and the initial finding is showing a positive contribution specially in helping the employment WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  of Youth, Women and NAF benef iciaries, this study is expected to be published by the beginning 
of 2024.  
The main challenges include:  
• The quantity of available new job openings falls short of meeting the demands of job 
seekers and doesn't align with their educational credentials, most of the job opportunities 
are for low skill labour, while most of job seekers carry out a Bachelor degree and above 
with some exceptions specially in education sector and some professions.  
• There's a lack of enthusiasm within the private sector for speciali zed training provided by 
recognized training institutions (external training providers).  
• Not all professions in the job market are covered by accredited vocational training 
programs.  
4.3 Government procurement  
Paragraph 4.18, page 15  
EU question 14: We tak e note of the significant developments in the area of public procurement. 
What are the plans of Jordan with respect to its accession to the WTO Government Procurement 
Agreement?  
A: Jordan is still in the process of examining the readiness required for its accession to the GPA and 
continues to work on the preparation for initiating accession to the GPA.  
EU question 15: Are there any plans for reviewing the conditions for opening public procurement to 
foreign economic operators?  
A: Foreign firms bidders are indeed eligible to participate in tenders that are open for international 
bidding in Jordan. Moreover, Jordan is actively engaged in ongoing efforts to reform its public 
procurement procedures. It is important to note that international procure ment is allowed under 
specific conditions as outlined in Article  23 of the procurement bylaw No. 8 for the year 2022.  
4.4 Women's empowerment   
EU question 16: The EU welcomes the Government of Jordan's endeavour to enhance women's 
empowerment, including in  the economic field, and is looking forward to continue supporting you in 
that important field. What are the main achievements and challenges ahead?  
A: The "Women's Empowerment Strategy in the Economic Modernization Vision" has acknowledged 
the existence o f barriers constraining women's participation in trade, which are underscored by the 
following factors:  
1. Weak Demand for Labour: This challenge has been exacerbated by regional instability, 
recent economic crises, and the enduring ramifications of the COVID -19 pandemic. The 
economy face high unemployment rates for both genders.  
2. Societal Gender Expectations: Preconceived societal expectations regarding the roles of 
women, coupled with employers' reluctance to hire them due to entrenched stereotypes, 
constitu te a formidable obstacle to women's engagement in trade.  
3. Gender -Based Wage Disparities: this challenge was addressed in the new labour law.  
4. Limited Access to Capital:  
5. Low Ownership of Real Estate and Tangible Assets: Inadequate Childcare Facilities: The  
scarcity of accessible and affordable childcare centres poses a substantial barrier to 
women's trade participation, as it hinders their ability to balance work and family 
responsibilities.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  6. Workplace Environment: this challenge was addressed in the new lab our law.  
7. Family -Related Burdens: Informal Sector Work: A substantial portion of women work in 
the informal and unorganized sectors, which diminishes their access to social protection 
networks and limits their trade opportunities.  
The measures implemented a nd developed by Jordan to encourage women's participation in trade 
and promote women's entrepreneurship:  
• The executive plan for the National Strategy for Women 2023 -25 has incorporated a range 
of proposed initiatives and projects aimed at empowering women across various sectors.  
• The "Women's Empowerment Strategy" within the 2022 Economic Modernization Vision 
outlines a comprehensive vision for women's empowerment. This strategy advocates for 
proactive measures in several key areas, including policy formulat ion to address legislative 
gaps, the provision of legal protection, fostering a supportive work environment, 
facilitating access to quality childcare services, and ensuring safe transportation options.  
• Legislative reforms have been enacted to protect and p romote gender equality. This 
commitment is based on principles of equal opportunity, justice, fairness, and protection 
against all forms of violence and discrimination.  
• In 2023, amendments to the Labour Law were enacted to address issues related to sexual 
harassment. Additionally, these reforms eliminated restrictive provisions that previously 
limited women's employment opportunities in certain industries and occupations, as well 
as constraints on their working hours.  
• The introduction of the "Social Protect ion Linked to Maternity Insurance" system in 2023 
signifies a noteworthy development. This system offers social protection to working 
women by providing childcare allowances for nursery services. Moreover, employers are 
mandated to contribute towards cover ing the financial costs for each child, with 
contributions proportionate to wage segments.  
5. FOREIGN TRADE POLICY  
5.2 Jordan's export strategy  
Paragraph 5.19, page 19  
EU question 17: In line with Jordan's commitment to further promote exports, the EU would 
appreciate some additional information on the new export strategy, notably as regards opportunities 
stemming from bilateral agreements.  
A: In February  2023, Jordan introduced the National Export Strategy for the years 2023 -25, which 
plays a pivotal r ole in promoting exports and enhancing trade relationships. This strategy 
encompasses an assessment of the export potential derived from the bilateral agreements that 
Jordan has entered into. Detailed information regarding this strategy, including its prov isions related 
to opportunities arising from these bilateral agreements, can be accessed on the official website of 
the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Supply.  
The strategic initiative under NES aims at diversifying products, sustainability, trade facilita tion, 
strengthening the infrastructure.  
For further insights into the National Export Strategy and its specific focus on opportunities stemming 
from bilateral agreements, I kindly direct your attention to the following link for the complete 
document (pleas e note that the document is available in Arabic): National Export Strategy 2023 -25 
(https://www.mit.gov.jo/EBV4.0/Root_Storage/AR/AR_services_2020/ Export_Strategy_2023_ -
_2025.pdf ). WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  WT/TPR/S/446 – WTO Secretariat report JORDAN  
3. TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE  
3.1 MEASURES DIRECTLY AFFECTING IMPORTS  
Paragraph 3.3, page 31  
EU question 18: Referencing the Trade Facilitation Agreement Database, it would appear that Jordan 
has some outstanding notifications relating to technical assistance, transparency and 
capacity -building. The EU would like to know when Jordan will make these notifications.  
A: Jordan is actively working towards submitting notifications in accordance with the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement within the framework of the World Trade Organization. To this end, a n expert 
delegation from Jordan is scheduled to participate in the upcom ing meetings of the Trade Facilitation 
Committee, which are set to take place at the beginning of October this year.  
The delegation comprises representatives from various relevant entities, including the Economic 
Office at the Jordanian Permanent Mission i n Geneva, the Chairman of the Committee for Facilitating 
Transport and Trade in the Ministry of Transport, a representative from the Ministry of Industry, 
Trade and Supply, and a representative from the Jordanian Customs Department. Their participation 
aims to present Jordan's expertise in trade facilitation and highlight the significant measures that 
have been undertaken in accordance with the agreement.  
Jordan is committed to submitting the required reports, and in the final documentation, a 
comprehensive  list of the measures implemented at the national level will be provided, 
demonstrating its dedication to fulfilling obligations under the Trade Facilitation Agreement and 
commitment to transparency and capacity -building in trade facilitation matters.  
Paragraph 3.7, page 31  
EU question 19: "A pre -arrival declaration in encouraged to be lodged before cargo arrival". Why is 
the pre -arrival declaration not mandatory? Will it become mandatory in the future?  
Paragraph 3.55, page 11  
EU question 20: Is it envisage d to lodge a "pre -departure" declaration? If not, what is the reason?  
A: This is a common answer to both Question (19) and Question (20) of the European  Union.  
• Pre-Arrival Declaration and Its Status: The concept of a pre -arrival declaration is 
addressed in  Article  (2/a) of the existing system, which defines pre -clearance as "going 
through customs clearance procedures for goods before they arrive in the Kingdom". 
However, it is noteworthy that the current framework does not mandate the lodging of a 
pre-arrival declaration; instead, it is encouraged as a voluntary procedure.  
• Legal Basis for Pre -Clearance: Article  "148/C" of the Customs Law supports the practice 
of pre -clearance by stipulating that "pre -clearance of goods imported into the Kingdom is 
permissibl e by registering the customs declaration, proceeding with customs procedures, 
and collecting duties and taxes prescribed for it before its arrival in the Kingdom". While 
encouraged, the system does not enforce its mandatory submission.  
• Advance Registration  Requirement: Article  (4/A) of the aforementioned system places an 
obligation on shipping agents, necessitating them to register cargo manifests in advance. 
Specifically, it mandates that "The carrier or his agent must do the following: - 1- Submit 
the car go manifest or its substitute electronically to the department, provided that it is 
registered electronically before leaving the means of transport to the last port of loading 
or before arriving in the Kingdom".  
• Summary Statement Definition: Article  (2/A) of the system elucidates the concept of a 
summary statement, defining it as "detailed information about the goods provided by the WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  concerned party before they leave the loading port or before they arrive in the Kingdom". 
Importantly, this provision is bindi ng for importers.  
• Customs Authority Discretion: Article  3/A of the system grants the Director -General of 
Customs the authority to determine the goods, conditions, and customs centres that apply 
the provisions of the summary declaration and advance clearanc e. This determination is 
executed through a decision issued by the Director.  
EU question 21: Could it be explained what are the conditions for companies being on the Gold List, 
how many companies are on the Gold List and how the benefits of reduced customs  controls and 
priority controls are implemented in practice?  
A:  
• The specific conditions for companies to be included in the Gold List programme are 
transparently detailed and made publicly available on the official website of the Customs 
Department. These  conditions can be accessed on the following webpage: Golden List 
Programme (https://www.customs.gov.jo/ar/Golden_List_Progrm.aspx).  
• As of the latest available information, the Gold List programme encompasses a total of 
123 companies that have met the requ isite conditions and criteria for inclusion.  
• The Gold List programme offers participating companies certain privileges, including 
reduced customs controls and priority controls. In practice, these benefits translate into 
expedited customs clearance procedu res, reduced inspection frequency, and an overall 
streamlined process for companies listed in the programme. This facilitates smoother and 
more efficient import and export operations for Gold List members, contributing to 
improved trade facilitation.  
EU qu estion 22: As the customs procedures are more and more smooth, has it been considered to 
expand the scope of Gold List to other areas, for example environmental compliance or air cargo 
security to broaden the benefits for trusted traders".  
A: As of the pre sent, efforts towards expanding the scope of the Gold List programme to encompass 
areas such as environmental compliance or air cargo security have not been initiated. However, it is 
worth noting that there is a clear future direction aimed at exploring th e possibility of extending the 
programme's coverage to include these additional areas.  
3.3 MEASURES AFFECTING PRODUCTION AND TRADE  
Paragraph 3.128, page 52  
EU question 23: Is the Publication of tenders in JONEPS  compulsory for subcentral contracting 
authorities and SOEs?  
A: Based on Art.  3 of the instructions of the procurement act No. (8) of year 2022: it is not 
compulsory, but Jordan is going to spread the use of JONEPS to be the formal procurement gate 
coverin g Jordan Contracting Authorities.  
Paragraph 3.131, page 53  
EU question 24: Are foreign bidders authorized to participate in national tender? What is the share 
of international tendering compare with the national tendering both in term of number of tenders 
and contract value?  
A: Once Jordan fully deploys JONEPS, it shall have enough data to provide the shares of 
international/national bidding.  
Paragraph 3.135, page 53  
EU question 25: Could you confirm the Jordan intention to accede to the GPA? Is there any timeline 
for Jordan GPA accession?  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  A: Jordan is still in the process of examining the readiness required for its accession to the GPA and 
continues to work on the preparation for initiating accession to the GPA.  
Paragraph 3.136 e.s., page 53  
The EU notes w ith satisfaction the ratification by Jordan of a series of important international treaties 
in the area of protection of IPRs as well as the adoption of related legislation. Jordan has also made 
important efforts in the area of patents.  
EU question 26:  The EU would like to get more information on the way the management of patents 
is organized within the IPPD of MITS and whether Jordan has the intention to create an independent 
Patent and Trademark Office.  
A: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to the protection 
and advancement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) within its borders. Industrial Property 
Protection Directorate (IPPD) at the Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Supply  is responsible on 
overseeing and implementi ng policies aimed at fostering industrial and intellectual property (IP) 
development within the country. This directorate is responsible for formulating and executing 
strategies that promote various aspects of IP, including trademarks, patents, industrial models and 
drawings, industrial designs, designs of integrated circuits, and geographical indications.  
In its pursuit of encouraging both local and international investments in Jordan, as well as facilitating 
the initiation of new commercial projects and a ctivities, the IPPD has adopted a pragmatic and 
well-structured approach to IP protection. This approach involves the establishment of specialized 
departments within the IPPD, each dedicated to overseeing and managing a specific category of IP. 
Consequentl y, the IPPD houses distinct departments responsible for governing matters related to 
trademarks, patents, industrial models and drawings, industrial designs, designs of integrated 
circuits, and geographical indications.  
It is important to note that Jordan currently does not have any plans to establish an independent 
Patent and Trademark Office. Instead, the IPPD plays a central role in coordinating and managing 
the various facets of IP protection and promotion within the country, reflecting Jordan's ongoing  
commitment to fostering innovation and safeguarding intellectual property rights.  
EU question 27: The EU would like to know more about the granting of the compulsory licences and 
their number. Notably, what is the nature of the compensation for compulsory  licences granted.  
A: To date, Jordan has not granted any compulsory licences. However, it is essential to highlight the 
legal provisions pertaining to the granting of compulsory licences in Jordan:  
Article  22 of Jordan's Patents Law outlines the circumsta nces under which the Minister may grant a 
licence to use a patent without the consent of the patentee. These include situations where the use 
of the patent is deemed a necessity for national defence, emergency, non -commercial public good, 
or when the paten tee has not sufficiently exploited the patent within a specified timeframe. 
Additionally, a compulsory licence may be granted if the patentee is found to be unfairly preventing 
fair competition or if the patent is to be exported to countries dealing with p andemics or epidemic 
diseases in compliance with World Trade Organization obligations.  
When considering the grant of such licences, several factors come into play:  
• A. Each licence application is assessed based on its unique conditions and circumstances.  
• B. The applicant must have made reasonable efforts to obtain a licence from the patentee 
under fair terms but failed to reach an agreement within a reasonable period.  
• C. The scope and duration of the licence are limited to the purpose for which it is granted . 
• D. The licence is non -exclusive and cannot be transferred to third parties.  
• E. Generally, licences are granted to meet the local market demand, except in specific 
cases.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  • F. An equitable remuneration is provided to the patentee, taking into account the ec onomic 
value of the patent.  
It's important to note that the amount of remuneration for certain cases is determined in accordance 
with international conventions and resolutions adhered to by Jordan as a member state of the World 
Trade Organization. Furtherm ore, the Minister retains the authority to cancel a licence if the reasons 
for its grant cease to exist, while safeguarding the rights of those involved in the licence. Detailed 
provisions and procedures related to the licensing of patent utilization are p rescribed in regulations 
issued for this purpose. Finally, decisions made by the Minister regarding licences are subject to 
appeal to the Administrative Court within 60 days of notification.  
EU question 28: Trade secrets or undisclosed information in Jordan are protected by the Unfair 
Competition and Trade Secret Protection Law No. 15 of 2000. What is the exact regime of the 
Regulatory Data Protection for pharmaceuticals and Plant Protection Products?  
A: Regulatory data protection (RDP) for pharmaceuticals within Jordan falls under the purview of the 
Jordanian Food and Drug Authority. This oversight is primarily administered through the regulatory 
framework outlined in the 2015 Drug Registration Foundations Instructions, which includes 
subsequent amendments, particularly within Article  (2) concerning new chemical substances for the 
explicit purpose of data protection.  
Regarding the Regulatory Data Protection for Plant Protection Products, The Ministry of Agriculture 
is responsible for main taining the confidentiality of documents related to agricultural pesticides. This 
protection is governed by the provisions outlined in the Instructions on the registration, 
manufacturing, processing, import, circulation, and trade in pesticides, identified  as No G/7. These 
regulations are in accordance with Article  22 of Agricultural Law No. 13 of 2015 and its subsequent 
amendments.  
EU question 29: As regards enforcement of intellectual property rights, could Jordan clarify if the 
provisions of enforcement of intellectual property rights at the borders apply to all IPR, including the 
Protected designation of origin (PDO) and/or Protected geographical indication (PGI) products?  
The Customs Department enforces the provisions of Article  (41) of Customs Law No. (20) of 1998 
and its amendments related to border measures to protect intellectual property rights through 
customs centres, which in turn aims to provide legal protection for intellectual property rights. 
According to the Law Intellectual Property Rights a re applied to Protected Designation of Origin 
(PDO) and/or Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) products.  
4. TRADE POLICIES BY SECTOR  
4.1 AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES  
Paragraph 4.20, page 61  
EU question 30: Did Jordan exceed its total Aggregate Measurement  of Support commitment level 
in years following the calendar year 2014., by providing price support to wheat and barley? The 
latest Jordan's notification on Domestic support concerns calendar years 2013 and 2014,and it shows 
AMS support in excess of its co mmitment levels.  
A: The process of collecting data and information pertaining to domestic support for the years 
following Calendar Year (CY) 2014 is currently underway. Jordan is diligently working to compile all 
the relevant data, and once this process is  completed, the required information will be provided by 
the notifications.  
EU question 31: In the calculation of the administered prices for wheat and barley, how are the 
"international prices and shipping costs" for wheat and barley determined? What prod uction of wheat 
and barley is eligible to be purchased at administered prices?  
A: The purchase price of wheat and barley in Jordan is determined based on the specific variety for 
Durum varieties. When calculating the margin allocated to producers to ensure  the viability of their 
production, several key factors and considerations are taken into account. These factors include the WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  impact of drought, climate change, decreased production levels, and rising production costs. It is 
important to note that these cha llenges have collectively contributed to a decline in agriculture and 
have led to significant financial losses for producers in Jordan.  
Paragraph 4.21, page 61  
EU question 32: How is barley for the feed subsidization programme purchased? What is the origin  
of the subsidized feed barley?  
A: Barely procurement is carried out through the Tenders Committee in ministry, which is among its 
tasks, it is responsible for Preparing the invitation to bids and specifying the terms, specifications, 
technical specs and g eneral provisions.  
Country of origin according to the imports of 2023: Australia.  
Country of origin according to the imports of 2022: Australia, Ukraine, Romania.  
EU question 33: According to point  4.21 of the Secretariat's report, Jordan has started in 20 08 an 
animal tagging programme with the objective of improving productivity and exports through better 
animal health. In this regard, could Jordan provide more details on the productivity and exports of 
these two groups of animals as a result of the progra mme implementation? Is the programme still 
in force and what are the criteria for support?  
A: The animal tagging programme initiated by Jordan in 2008 primarily focuses on enhancing the 
sustainability of livestock husbandry in rural and Badia regions, rath er than being specifically geared 
towards increasing exports. It is important to highlight that Jordan serves as both an importing and 
exporting market for livestock. Therefore, the overarching goal of this programme is to contribute 
to the overall improve ment of animal health, productivity, and the livestock sector within the 
country.  
Paragraph 4.21, page 61  
EU question 34: When does Jordan intend to fulfil its WTO reporting obligations on Domestic support 
for the years after CY 2014?  
A: The process of col lecting data and information pertaining to domestic support for the years 
following Calendar Year (CY) 2014 is currently underway. Jordan is diligently working to compile all 
the relevant data, and once this process is completed, the required information w ill be provided by 
the notifications.  
Paragraph 4.115, page 80  
EU question 35: Could Jordan provide more information on the implementation of these 
commitments, including the agreement of Royal Jordanian Airline for the cross -border supply of 
aircraft main tenance and repair services? Are third country suppliers present on the maintenance 
and repair markets, as well as in the CRS market?  
A: Third country suppliers are present on the maintenance and repair as well as CRS markets.  
For example, Royal Jordanian uses foreign/second parties maintenance services for aircraft and 
components. Regarding CRS, Royal Jordanian's PSS system is provided by Amadeus. Other CRS/ 
GDS parties are Travelport, Sabre, TravelSky.  
Paragraph 4.138, page 83  
EU question 36: Jordan has taken commitments in most modes of supply for maritime transport 
services. Does Jordan have any information on the structure of the shipping market and presence 
of third country service suppliers?  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  A: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan's government has exhibited a steadfast commitment to 
preserving the integrity and sustainability of the maritime supply chain, a pivotal component of the 
broader supply chain. This commitment is underscored by several strategic initiatives:  
1. Policy Reviews an d Evaluations: The Ministry of Transport and the Jordanian Maritime 
Commission, in close collaboration with all stakeholders and service beneficiaries, 
consistently engage in comprehensive reviews and evaluations of policies and programs 
aimed at enhancing  the quality of maritime services.  
2. Adherence to Global Standards: Jordan is dedicated to providing maritime services in strict 
accordance with international and global standards and requirements, ensuring alignment 
with best practices in the industry.  
3. Bilateral Agreements: Jordan has entered into numerous bilateral agreements with 
neighbouring countries. Notably, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea represent a confluence 
of maritime borders, involving three nations, namely Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, in 
addition to Jordan. These agreements facilitate cooperative efforts in the management 
and regulation of maritime activities.  
4. International Memoranda of Understanding: Jordan actively participates in international 
memoranda of understanding to facilitate the  exchange of critical information with partner 
and neighbouring countries. This collaboration enhances maritime security and safety 
measures in the region.  
5. Interagency Coordination: Internally, Jordan implements rigorous coordination 
mechanisms across vari ous sectors. These internal procedures are designed to ensure that 
maritime services provided in Jordanian ports are aligned with the structural requirements 
of the shipping market at both regional and global levels.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  ICELAND  
1. What is the participation of women in the economy of Jordan?  
A: In 2022, the economic participation rate of women in Jordan stood at 13.9%, reflecting a marginal 
decline from the 14% recorded in the preceding year, 2021. Furthermore, the economic participation 
rate of women remain ed consistent at 13.7% during the first quarter of 2023, showing no discernible 
variation when compared to the corresponding period in 2022.  
2. Have specific barriers that limit women's participation in trade been identified?  
A: The "Women's Empowerment S trategy in the Economic Modernization Vision" has acknowledged 
the existence of barriers constraining women's participation in trade, which are underscored by the 
following factors:  
i. Weak Demand for Labour: This challenge has been exacerbated by regional in stability, 
recent economic crises, and the enduring ramifications of the COVID -19 pandemic. 
The economy face high unemployment rates for both genders.  
ii. Societal Gender Expectations: Preconceived societal expectations regarding the roles 
of women, coupled w ith employers' reluctance to hire them due to entrenched 
stereotypes, constitute a formidable obstacle to women's engagement in trade.  
iii. Gender -Based Wage Disparities: this challenge was addressed in the new labour law.  
iv. Limited Access to Capital:  
v. Low Owners hip of Real Estate and Tangible Assets: Inadequate Childcare Facilities: 
The scarcity of accessible and affordable childcare centres poses a substantial barrier 
to women's trade participation, as it hinders their ability to balance work and family 
responsi bilities.  
vi. Workplace Environment: this challenge was addressed in the new labour law.  
vii. Family -Related Burdens: Informal Sector Work: A substantial portion of women work 
in the informal and unorganized sectors, which diminishes their access to social 
protecti on networks and limits their trade opportunities.  
3. Has Jordan implemented any specific measures to encourage women's participation in trade and 
promote women's entrepreneurship, or are such measures being developed?  
A: The measures implemented and develo ped by Jordan to encourage women's participation in trade 
and promote women's entrepreneurship:  
• The executive plan for the National Strategy for Women 2023 -25 has incorporated a range 
of proposed initiatives and projects aimed at empowering women across va rious sectors.  
• The "Women's Empowerment Strategy" within the 2022 Economic Modernization Vision 
outlines a comprehensive vision for women's empowerment. This strategy advocates for 
proactive measures in several key areas, including policy formulation to address legislative 
gaps, the provision of legal protection, fostering a supportive work environment, 
facilitating access to quality childcare services, and ensuring safe transportation options.  
• Legislative reforms have been enacted to prote ct and promote gender equality. This 
commitment is based on principles of equal opportunity, justice, fairness, and protection 
against all forms of violence and discrimination.  
• In 2023, amendments to the Labour Law were enacted to address issues related to  sexual 
harassment. Additionally, these reforms eliminated restrictive provisions that previously WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  limited women's employment opportunities in certain industries and occupations, as well 
as constraints on their working hours.  
• The introduction of the "Social  Protection Linked to Maternity Insurance" system in 2023 
signifies a noteworthy development. This system offers social protection to working 
women by providing childcare allowances for nursery services. Moreover, employers are 
mandated to contribute towar ds covering the financial costs for each child, with 
contributions proportionate to wage segments.  
4. Are the effects of trade policy on women and men measured and monitored, and if so, how?  
A: Evaluating the impact of trade policies on both women and men constitutes a crucial undertaking, 
and Jordan has undertaken substantive measures to systematically assess and oversee these effects. 
These efforts align with the objectives and initiatives outlined in the executive plan of the National 
Strategy for Women in Jordan for the years 2023 -25. Implementation of this strategy is carried out 
through the National Committee for Women's Affairs, in conjunction with various governmental 
entities, private sector stakeholders, civil society organizations, and employers' associations.  
Under the economic empowerment pillar of the strategy, several projects and initiatives have been 
undertaken, dovetailing with the overarching vision of economic modernization spanning the years 
2023-33. Notably, initiatives have been develop ed to bolster women's participation in manufacturing 
industries, promote the establishment of both institutional and non -institutional laboratories, 
advance gender parity within the private sector, reform labour -related legislation and policies to 
encompas s a gender perspective, and facilitate the establishment of digital marketplaces tailored to 
women's needs.  
These endeavours are subject to a set of monitoring and evaluation metrics, which encompass 
indicators such as the revised economic activity index f or women aged 15 years and above, 
employment figures in export -oriented sectors categorized by gender, the wage differential within 
industrial sectors, and the proportion of women who own enterprises or engage in self -employment 
activities (expressed as a percentage). Furthermore, the evaluation process encompasses an 
assessment of the extent to which trade policies have been imbued with gender considerations and 
the degree to which they are effectively executed. This assessment encompasses the monitoring o f 
the adoption of gender mainstreaming strategies and the conduction of gender impact assessments 
to ensure the holistic integration of gender perspectives into the trade policy framework.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  JAPAN  
Report by the Secretariat (WT/TPR/S/446)  
1. Economic Enviro nment  
1.3 Trade and investment performance  
Paragraph 1.19 and 1.28  
(Page 14 and 18)  
Question 1:  
Para 1.19 indicates that Jordanian companies' participation in the Global Value Chain (GVC) is 
limited.  Given that SMEs account for over half of the private sec tor working population in Jordan, 
what is the Government's policy towards ensuring SMEs become more integrated into GVC, thereby 
driving economic growth by SME participation in the global trade?  
A: The Government of Jordan has initiated a comprehensive app roach to address the limited 
participation of Jordanian companies, particularly SMEs, in the Global Value Chain (GVC). Several 
key policies and initiatives aimed at promoting SME integration into the GVC and driving economic 
growth were addressed through t he Economic Modernization Vision (EMV), including; ongoing 
development of an Industrial Policy, National E -Commerce Strategy:, and other initiatives Fintech, 
Innovation Vision. In Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation (JEDCO) is the umbrella of 
enhanci ng SME productivity, competitiveness, and global market access. Further, Jordan Exports 
Company (JE) offers export -readiness programs and promotes Jordanian exports, Jordan Loan 
Guarantee Corporation (JLGC) Provides Export Credit Guarantee Programs for SME s. 
2. Trade and Investment Regimes  
2.2 Trade policy formulation and objectives  
Paragraph 2.14  
(Page 23)  
Question 2:  
When does the Jordanian Government expect to complete the customs reform to achieve the "unified 
umbrella"?  
A: The Jordanian Government anti cipates achieving the completion of customs reform to establish 
the "unified umbrella" for unified supervision of exports and imports as part of its priorities. This 
strategic objective aims to simplify and digitize investment and business procedures, with  the 
specific goal of reducing the time and cost associated with goods clearance at borders. The target is 
to ensure that the clearance process does not exceed three days and to achieve a 25% reduction in 
non-tariff indirect costs.  
To attain this objective , the government has devised a comprehensive plan, which involves merging 
various border control entities under a single supervisory framework. The plan is actively underway, 
with the goal of full implementation set for the end of 2023, as per the establis hed Work Plan that 
was initiated at the close of 2021.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA  
PART I:  QUESTIONS REGARDING THE SECRETARIAT REPORT  
CHAPTER NUMBER AND TITLE  
Page 45 (Para 3.84.)  
3.84. Although most of the technical regulations in force in Jordan are design -based, the authorities 
note that Jordan since 2010 has explored formulating performance -based technical regulations 
under the "New Approach" where applicable. As of end -2022, the technical regulations for toys, 
electrical appliances, and gas applian ces are formulated under the "New Approach".  
Questions:  
Can you please share the challenges that the government is facing in implement the new approach, 
and how does Jordan address these challenges?  
A: Since the new approach is depending on the product com pliance to safety requirements set in 
the technical regulations, using the conformity  modules that must be performed by the economic 
operators, switching from the old approach using standards as mandatory requirements to  a 
voluntary standard, is not easy t o implement. This concept must be clear and applicable for all 
economic operators (big and small enterprises). Continuous consultation with the private sector is 
needed with technical support programs.  
PART II: QUESTIONS REGARDING THE GOVERNMENT REPORT  
Page 5 (Para 1.16.)  
1.16. The roadmap emphasizes sectoral linkages, complementary roles of sectors, and shared 
characteristics to promote integration and maximize synergies. One of the engines focuses on 
high-value industries, aiming to position Jordan as a regional hub for industry and increase exports 
of high -quality products. The vision also includes a future strategy for economic growth, targeting 
emerging sectors with high growth potential and aiming to provide more income opportunities, 
increase per cap ita GDP, and enhance Jordan's global competitiveness.  
Questions:  
Could you kindly provide more information on the mechanism and approach that has been taken to 
implement such strategy  of economic growth?  
A: Jordan's strategy for economic growth cent res on sectoral linkages, complementary roles, and 
shared characteristics to maximize integration and synergies. The approach involves establishing a 
comprehensive database of manufacturing sectors, creating an Ind ustrial Observatory for continuous 
monitoring and analysis, and developing sector -specific strategies tailored to each sector's unique 
needs. Emphasis is placed on high -value industries to position Jordan as a regional hub for quality 
products and on emerg ing sectors with high growth potential. The strategy prioritizes export 
promotion, public -private partnerships, and enhancing global competitiveness.  
Page 18 (Para 5.9.)  
5.9. Ecommerce: In line with WTO negotiations on trade -related aspects of electronic c ommerce to 
enabling e -commerce, openness and e -commerce, trust and e -commerce, cross -cutting issues, 
telecommunications, and market access, Jordan has taken significant steps to boost its digital 
economy. The Council of Ministers has approved the Jordan Na tional E -Commerce Strategy 2023 -25, 
which aims to create an enabling environment for e -commerce, attract investments and businesses, 
and offer better income opportunities for Jordanians. Additionally, the strategy seeks to enhance the 
competitiveness of mi cro, small, and medium -sized enterprises and their entrepreneurs through 
e-commerce solutions and modern trading technologies, both locally and globally. Implemented over 
three stages within a 10 -year timeframe, aligned with Jordan's Economic Modernization  Vision, the WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  first stage (2023 -25) focuses on establishing a national mechanism for e -commerce activities and 
launching pilot projects to enhance competitiveness.  
Questions  
Could you kindly elaborate more on the strategy stages in general?  
A: The Jordan N ational E -Commerce Strategy 2023 -25 is designed to be implemented in three stages 
over a 10 -year timeframe, aligning with Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision. Here is an overview 
of each stage:  
First Stage (2023 -25): 
• The primary focus during this stage is to establish a national mechanism for e -commerce 
activities within Jordan.  
• Pilot projects related to e -commerce will be launched to enhance the competitiveness of 
micro -, small -, and medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs).  
• A comprehensive review of the existi ng legal and regulatory framework will be conducted to 
create an enabling environment for electronic commerce in the country.  
Second Stage (2026 -29): 
• This stage builds upon the expected outcomes and progress made during the first stage.  
• The goal is to create a highly competitive environment in the field of e -commerce.  
• Specific initiatives and measures will be taken to further boost the competitiveness of the 
e-commerce sector.  
Third Stage (2030 -33): 
• In the final stage, the strategy aims to develop a sig nificant competitive advantage in 
e-commerce.  
• Emerging e -commerce technologies will be adopted and adapted to position Jordan as one  of 
the fastest -growing e -commerce cent res in the region.  
• The focus will be on sustaining the growth and competitiveness ach ieved in the previous 
stages.  
Page 19 (Para 5.16.)  
5.16. Jordan Exports (JE) institution which is established jointly between public and private sectors 
with the aim of coordinating national export initiatives. JE serves as the overarching organization 
responsible for designing, developing, and promoting the products (goods and services) of small and 
medium -sized enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. By employing innovative and demand -driven 
approaches, JE empowers and enhances the capabilities of Jordanian compani es, accelerates export 
development, increases export volume, and strengthens Jordan's global connections.  
Questions  
What is the role of this institution in encouraging Jordanian companies to increase import value, and 
highlight some of its achievements?  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  A: 
• Primary Role of Jordan Exports (JE):  Jordan Exports (JE) primarily assumes the critical 
role of fostering export development and promotion, with a specific focus on Jordanian 
enterprises engaged in exporting activities.  
• Key Services Provided by JE:  JE's e xtensive range of services is designed to facilitate and 
cataly se the growth of Jordanian exports. These services encompass:  
1. Export Readiness Assessment:  JE offers comprehensive export readiness 
assessments to Jordanian companies. This evaluation process aids in determining a 
company's preparedness to engage in international trade and identifies areas for 
improvement.  
2. Export Market Information:  JE provides  invaluable market intelligence and 
information to Jordanian businesses seeking to expand their export activities. This 
vital data assists enterprises in making informed decisions about target markets and 
consumer trends.  
3. Export Financing Information:  JE plays a crucial role in disseminating pertinent 
information regarding export financing options and resources available to Jordanian 
companies. This guidance facilitates the financial aspects of international trade, 
enabling businesses to access the necessar y funds for export operations.  
4. Outbound Trade Missions:  JE actively organizes and supports outbound trade 
missions. These missions serve as valuable platforms for Jordanian enterprises to 
explore new markets, establish international business connections, a nd expand their 
export opportunities.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  SINGAPORE  
PART I: QUESTIONS REGARDING THE SECRETARIAT REPORT  
3.3.2 Standards and technical requirements  
Page 45 (Para 3.84)  
6.The WTO Secretariat Report states that "As of end -2022, the technical regulations for toys, 
electrical appliances, and gas appliances are formulated under the "New Approach"".  
Can Jordan elaborate on this "New Approach" and share if there are plans to widen it to other product 
categories? If yes, what are these other categories?  
A: The Jord an Standards and Metrology Organization (JSMO) is actively engaged in the process of 
approximating the methodologies employed for the development of technical regulations with 
established international practices. This concerted effort aims to ensure that t he "New Approach" 
adopted for the aforementioned product categories can be gradually extended to encompass 
additional sectors. The expansion of this approach to other product categories will be contingent 
upon various national factors, including the curren t state of the sectors and the maturity of the 
infrastructure supporting them. Consequently, the application of this methodology will be 
methodically phased in, taking into account these national determinants, to facilitate a 
comprehensive and effective ad option process.  
PART II: QUESTIONS REGARDING THE GOVERNMENT REPORT  
4.3 Government procurement  
Page 15 (Para 4.18)  
7. The Government Report notes Jordan's efforts in implementing procurement reforms including 
"Release the Jordanian electronic procurement syst em (JONEPS) to improve the involvement of both 
(SMEs) and large companies in government procurement opportunities."  
Can Jordan share on how successful the measures have been in facilitating both domestic and foreign 
companies' participation in government p rocurement activities?  
A: The Government of Jordan is actively engaged in augmenting the strategic role of government 
procurement with the aim of supporting and fostering the growth of small and medium -sized 
enterprises (SMEs). This effort involves the dev elopment of requisite legislative and regulatory 
policies and measures designed to enhance the current level of SME participation in the government 
procurement market. Furthermore, it encompasses the systematic identification and rectification of 
existing challenges and obstacles that impede the effective engagement of these entities.  
In parallel, ongoing endeavours are directed toward s the preparation of a comprehensive survey 
study. This study serves the purpose of establishing both quantitative and quali tative metrics that 
will empower the government to gauge the extent of SME involvement in the government 
procurement market. This assessment forms an integral part of the evaluation process for the 
government procurement sector, equipping it with the abili ty to closely monitor the impact of 
government policies on the actual participation of small and medium -sized enterprises in the 
government procurement market.  
Encompasses the incorporation of a definition for small and medium enterprises into the system a nd 
establishing a linkage with the small and medium enterprises platform of the Jordanian Foundation 
for Economic Enterprise Development.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  CHINESE TAIPEI  
PART I: REGARDING THE SECRETARIAT REPORT (WT/TPR/S/466)  
II. Trade And Invest Regime  
2.4 Investment regime  
Page 27 ( Para 2.30)  
2.30 As indicated in the Report, the MOIN provides "Comprehensive Investment Services" or a 
"One-Stop window" to assist investors with all related administrative procedures including 
registration and licensing applica tions. The window allows authorized representatives of relevant 
government authorities to issue approvals and licen ces for investment projects, and also allows 
qualified staff from the MOIN to facilitate procedures and follow -up. All applications submitted  
through the Comprehensive Investment Services should be processed within 15 days from the 
receipt of a completed application. If the application is not processed within 15 days, the application 
is considered approved.  
Question/s  
Could Jordan please clarif y the following points:  
1. Could Jordan give more details about the "Comprehensive Investment Services" and "One -Stop 
Window" measures?  
A: The Ministry on Investments provides a Comprehensive Investment Service for licensing 
economic activities through an  electronic platform that combines both the Ministry's services and 
those of the entities responsible for registration and licensing.  
Pursuant to the issuance of the Investment Environment Law No. 21 of 2022, the Regulating the 
Investment Environment Regul ation No. 7 of 2023 was issued, integrating 18 regulations into one, 
as a facilitation to investors. It outlines, among other topics, the procedures and mechanisms for 
submitting applications in order to benefit from the services provided through the Compr ehensive 
Investment Service. The Regulation has defined the economic activities that benefit from the 
Comprehensive Investment Service as follows:  
1.The industrial sector  
2.Hotel and tourist facilities.  
3.Amusement and recreation cities.  
4.Tourist restaurants.  
5.The agriculture and livestock sector.  
6.Hospitals and specialized medical cent res. 
7.Call cent res. 
8.Scientific research cent res and scientific laboratories.  
9.Information technology services.  
10.The entrepreneurship and innova tion sector.  
11.Conventions and exhibitions cent res. 
12.Artistic, media and film productions.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  2. If the application documents is processed for more than 15 days, will the government issue 
approval to the applicant without any condition?  
A: Official enti ties must complete the transactions related to the Universal Investment Service within 
a period not exceeding fifteen (15) working days from the date of receiving the completed application 
form. In case the official entity delays in responding before the e xpiry of this period this is considered 
as an automatic approval to complete the transaction.  
PART II: REGARDING THE GOVERNMENT REPORT (WT/TPR/G/446)  
1.Introduction  
Page 4 (Para 1.9)  
As indicated in the Report, the Jordan continued its contribution to add ressing other global 
challenges, for example the Climate change. Jordan has taken steps to address the challenges by 
ratifying the Paris Agreement and increasing its conditional greenhouse gas emissions reduction 
target from 14% to 31% by 2030. Notable ini tiatives include the endorsement of the "National Policy 
for Climate Change in Jordan for the years (2022 -2050)," which aims to mitigate the consequences 
of climate change by curbing greenhouse gas emissions in all economic sectors and adapting to the 
impacts on critical resources like agriculture and water. This policy aligns with global efforts for 
climate stability and sustainable development, strengthening Jordan's resilience against climate 
change challenges.  
Question/s  
Could Jordan please clarify the  following points:  
1. What measures has the government of Jordan taken to promote the National Policy for Climate 
Change and curb greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors?  
A: The new policy was reviewed, approved, and adopted by the ministerial cabinet. Acc ordingly, the 
policy was distributed among all inline sectors so that each entity reflected its own part in its own 
executing development plans, and the Ministry of Environment with the rest of inline entities and 
the support of the World Bank began to dev elop long -term Low -carbon and Climate Resilient 
Strategy that will enable the country to implement the updated policy targets.  
2. How has the government of Jordan assisted enterprises in minimizing the impacts of 
European  Union 's CBAM （Carbon Border Adjustm ent Mechanism ）measure?  
A: Jordan worked to assist enterprises, examples such as:  
1. Project to reduce NOXs and raise energy efficiency for KEMAPCO (exporter of fertilizers), 
with the support of Germany  
2. The project to enhance energy efficiency in the food ind ustry sector (about 10), with the 
support of the EU  
3. Project to support GAIN which is developing the theme of green factory/ Industry, with 
the support of GIZ  
4. Project to support the aviation sector (Queen Alia Airport) to be the first carbon -neutral 
airport in the region  
5. Project to support the AQABA marine port company and Jordanian refinery to develop 
long-term low carbon pathway,  
6. The Ministry of Environment is working in a condensed way to leverage the private sector's 
role in climate -responsive actions in a way that will help the factories to be registered as 
a "green producer".  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  1.1 Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision 2030  
1. Economy  
(c) Foreign exchange and payments  
Page 4&5 (Para  1.14 &1.16)  
As indicated in the Report, the  Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision was announced under the 
patronage of His Majesty King Abdullah II aiming to enhance, over a 10 -year period, growth, and 
quality of life by creating 1 million  new jobs; improving Jordan's ranking on global competitive ness, 
environment, prosperity, and sustainability indexes; and expanding into high value -added service 
and industrial sectors.  
The roadmap emphasizes sectoral linkages, complementary roles of sectors, and shared 
characteristics to promote integration and maximize synergies. One of the engines focuses on 
high-value industries, aiming to position Jordan as a regional hub for industry and increase exports 
of high -quality products. The vision also includes a future strategy for economic growth, targeting 
emerg ing sectors with high growth potential and aiming to provide more income opportunities, 
increase per capita GDP, and enhance Jordan's global competitiveness.  
Question/s  
3. Could Jordan please explain how the government of Jordan has implemented its Econom ic 
Modernization Vision's roadmap to enhance the competitiveness of industries and increase the 
amount of products exported, while enabling Jordan to become the regional hub for industries.  
A: Within the framework of the Economic Modernization Vision (EMV)  for the period spanning from 
2023 to 2033, the Government of Jordan has undertaken a comprehensive initiatives to enhance 
the competitiveness of the industrial sector such as the National Export Strategy, the national 
e-commerce as well as the industrial development fund noting that all these projects aimed at 
fostering a conducive business environment for Jordanian industrial and agricultural products and 
services, diversifying products as well as increase the competitiveness as well as promoting thereby 
promoting balanced and sustainable economic growth. The development of these initiatives 
characterized by extensive participatory engagement and constructive consultations involving 
stakeholders from both the public and private sectors.  
Jordan's Industrial  Policy for the period 2023 -28 aims to bolster the country's industrial sector's 
competitiveness in alignment with the Economic Modernization Vision 2033. The policy envisions 
transforming Jordan's industry into a more domestically -integrated sector capabl e of producing a 
wider range of high -value products, fostering inclusive employment, and laying the foundation for 
sustainable production.  
To achieve this vision, the policy focuses on four key objectives:  
1. Maximizing manufacturing value -added.  
2. Creating inc lusive employment opportunities.  
3. Increasing resilience through product diversification.  
4. Establishing a green and circular industry.  
2. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT  
2.4 Investment and investment policy  
Page 8 (Para 2.4)  
2.22 As indicated in the Report, the Jordan has implemented various measures to attract direct 
investment and create a favourable investment regime. The country has undertaken investment WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  reforms and established policies and incentives to encourage both dom estic and foreign investment. 
One of Jordan's top priorities for economic development is the investment regime, and the 
government actively encourages both domestic and foreign investment as a deliberate policy to 
advance economic growth.  
2.24 The main ch aracteristics of the law include equal treatment of domestic and foreign investors, 
freedom of capital movement, guarantees and incentives for investments that contribute to 
economic growth, job creation, export, knowledge and technology transfer. The law also emphasizes 
the digitization and automation of processes and services to remove administrative and procedural 
barriers and encourage investment in strategic projects, innovation, and research.  
Question/s  
4. Jordan's investment policy stresses the esta blishment of a friendly business environment to 
attract foreign investors and treating foreign investors equally to domestic investors. Could Jordan 
please explain the strategy and the status of Jordan's recent policy for signing the Bilateral 
Investment A greement (BIA) with other countries.  
A: Jordan has 49 BIAs in force and 7 BIAs signed but not in force yet. During the review period, 
Jordan has signed BITs with Türkiye, Saudi Arabia and Japan. Jordan gives careful consideration to 
every request to start negotiations on BIA.  
3. SECTORAL DEVE LOPMENTS  
3.1 Industrial sector  
Page 11 (Para 3.13)  
3.13 As indicated in the Report, the Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Supply of Jordan is presently in 
the process of devising a new industrial policy that aligns with the Economic Modernization Vision. 
The central objective of this policy is to foster the comprehensive development of the industrial 
sector and small and medium enterprises within the industry, with a specific focus on technology as 
well as increasing value added. Emphasis will also be placed  on promoting green industry practices, 
thereby contributing to environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the policy aims to facilitate the 
creation of additional job opportunities within the industrial domain, thus bolstering the nation's 
economic landsc ape.  
Question/s  
5. Could Jordan please explain in more details the contents and methods about the new industrial 
policy of Economic Modernization Vision as planned by the Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Supply.  
A: Jordan's Industrial Policy for the perio d 2023 -28 aims to bolster the country's industrial sector's 
competitiveness in alignment with the Economic Modernization Vision 2033. The policy envisions 
transforming Jordan's industry into a more domestically -integrated sector capable of producing a 
wider range of high -value products, fostering inclusive employment, and laying the foundation for 
sustainable production.  
To achieve this vision, the policy focuses on four key objectives:  
1. Maximizing manufacturing value -added.  
2. Creating inclusive employment opp ortunities.  
3. Increasing resilience through product diversification.  
4. Establishing a green and circular industry.  
These objectives were formulated through a thorough assessment of the manufacturing sector's 
economic, social, and environmental performance. K ey findings include:  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  • The manufacturing sector experienced rapid growth at 10.2% annually from 2000 to 2008.  
• Subsequently, manufacturing growth decelerated significantly between 2009 and 2019, 
with an annual growth rate of 1.8%.  
• The manufacturing sector's c ontribution to the overall economy increased from 13.5% in 
2000 to 21.2% in 2008 but declined to 17.4% by 2022.  
• Manufacturing employment grew by 2.5% annually between 2010 and 2019, with a lower 
rate of 1.1% when excluding textiles, which employs many migr ant workers.  
• Jordan's industry has made progress in enhancing energy, material, and water efficiency 
but still needs to address CO2 emissions and raw material consumption.  
The Industrial Policy 2023 -28 is designed to build upon these findings and unlock th e sector's 
potential by advancing these areas of concern and achieving its four core policy objectives.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  TÜRK İYE 
THE GOVERNMENT REPORT (WT/TPR/G/446 ) 
4. Important Developments, 4.2 Business environment, pg. 15, 4.16.  
It is stated in the Government Report that "Public -private partnerships (PPPs) have assumed a 
fundamental role in Jordan's comprehensive strategy aimed at attracting private investment, 
stimulating economic growth, and advancing infrastructure development and public service 
provisions.  
Question 1:  Could the Jordan further explain the initial results of the Public -private partnerships? 
(Projects and benefited from the PPPs, etc.)  
A: The Economic Modernization Vision was published on 30 January  2022, outlini ng numerous 
initiatives and ventures set to transpire in the upcoming three years. The main objective of the 
Economic Modernization Vision is to primarily focus on attaining sustainable economic expansion, 
mitigating unemployment, and enhancing the quality  of life. The government acknowledges the 
pivotal role that private sector involvement and foreign investments play in realizing these 
objectives. A critical component of this modernization vision revolves around the promotion of 
Public -Private Partnership s (PPPs). The aim is to foster the utilization of PPPs as a mechanism for 
financing and overseeing significant infrastructure and development initiatives. PPPs are regarded 
as a means to draw in private investments, distribute project risks, and enhance th e effectiveness 
of project execution.  
The government aims to establish a more efficient institutional framework for managing government 
investments. A recent evaluation of progress in Public -Private Partnership (PPP) projects was done 
resulting the issuanc e of a new Law No. 19 of 2023. Presently, the PPP Unit is actively engaged in 
the initial drafting process of the following regulations:  
-Public Private Partnership Regulation.  
-Public Private Partnership Projects Account Regulation.  
-National Registry of Public Investment Projects Regulation.  
In addition to amending the ppp law and the regulations, the ppp unit is working on updating a 
credible ppp projects.  
5. Foreign Trade Policy, 5.1 Jordan and World Trade Organization (WTO), 5.9. 
E-commerce, pg. 18  
On page of 18 The Government Report, it is stated that "The Council of Ministers has approved the 
Jordan National E -Commerce Strategy 2023 -25, which aims to create an enabling environment for 
e-commerce, attract investments and businesses, and offer better  income opportunities for 
Jordanians. Additionally, the strategy seeks to enhance the competitiveness of micro, small, and 
medium -sized enterprises and their entrepreneurs through e -commerce solutions and modern 
trading technologies, both locally and globa lly". 
Question 2:  Could Jordan provide a comprehensive explanation about the impact of Jordan National 
E-Commerce Strategy 2023 -25 on micro, small and medium -sized enterprises?  
A: E-commerce plays a significant role in enhancing the competitiveness of micro, small, 
and med ium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Jordan. The Jordan National E -Commerce 
Strategy 2023 -25 has several positive impacts on MSMEs, as follows:  
1. Reduced Costs:  E-commerce provides MSMEs with cost -effective tools for marketing and 
advertising. By reducing these costs, MSMEs can allocate more resources to other aspects 
of their business. This cost reduction contributes to improving the profitability and 
sustainability of these enterprises.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  2. Market Expansion:  E-commerce enables MSMEs to reach a broader customer base , both 
locally and globally. It breaks down geographical barriers, allowing businesses to access 
markets they might not have been able to enter through traditional means. This expanded 
market reach opens up new income opportunities for Jordanian MSMEs.  
3. Job Creation:  E-commerce creates new employment opportunities, particularly for 
individuals looking to establish small and medium -sized business projects. The lower initial 
investment costs associated with e -commerce compared to brick -and-mortar businesses 
make it more accessible for entrepreneurs. These new businesses, in turn, contribute to job 
creation and economic growth.  
4. Electronic Infrastructure Development:  The growth of e -commerce fosters the 
development of electronic infrastructure and the information  and communications 
technology sector. This development includes investments in improving and modernizing 
electronic infrastructure and services related to ICT. It creates an environment conducive to 
the emergence of specialized sectors in the technology f ield, further supporting e -commerce 
growth.  
5. Competition and Inflation:  The introduction of e -commerce into the local market 
increases competition among businesses. This competition helps reduce the level of inflation, 
benefiting consumers and promoting eco nomic stability. Additionally, the competitive 
environment encourages MSMEs to innovate and improve their products and services.   
THE SECRETARIAT REPORT (WT/TPR/S/446)  
2. Trade and Investment Regime, 2.4. Investment Regime, pg. 28, 2.35  
It is stated in the  Secretariat Report that  "Foreign investors in general have the same treatment as 
domestic investors, with some exceptions. Certain sectors are prohibited from foreign investment, 
and some have equity restrictions to less than 50% (Table 2.7). " 
Question 3& 4: One of the services sectors in Jordan that has an equity restriction is the 
construction and contracting services which entail a capital restriction of less than 50% for foreign 
investments. Considering that construction sector is a fairly liberal secto r in terms of GATS market 
access commitments (82 countries have commitments including Jordan), and also keeping in mind 
that construction alone accounts for 3 .2% of Jordan 's GDP; what would be the main dynamics that 
necessitate such a capital restriction and whether would there be any projections for easing or 
removing the restriction in short or medium term?  
A: Indeed, Indeed, Jordan has undertaken comprehensive commitments within the framework of 
the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GA TS), which entail affording foreign investors full 
ownership rights in specific sectors. These sectors, which have been identified for their openness to 
foreign investment and where full ownership is permitted, encompass Banking, Telecommunications, 
Insura nce, Education, and Health Services. This strategic delineation of sectors for differing degrees 
of foreign ownership reflects Jordan's approach to balancing its domestic economic priorities with its 
international trade obligations.  
Given the increased of unemployment rates in Jordan, particularly among the youth, the imposition 
of limitations on the percentage of foreign ownership in sectors such as retail creates enhanced 
business opportunities for Jordanians, particularly within the micro, small, and med ium-sized 
enterprises. This approach aligns with global practices where similar measures are adopted to 
address unemployment challenges in various countries.  
The regulatory framework governing foreign investments in Jordan has undergone multiple 
revisions,  with the most recent occurring in 2019 when specific sectors were either opened up to or 
excluded from foreign investors, as was the case with the construction sector. Currently, these 
regulations have been updated with the issuance of the 2023 Investment  Environment Framework, 
which revises the list of sectors designated as open or closed to foreign investments.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  3. Trade Policies And Practices By Measure, 3.3.5 Competition policy and price controls, 
3.3.5.1 Competition policy, pg. 50  
On page of 50 The Secretariat Report, it is stated that "Effective on 16 May 2023, the Competition 
Law was amended by Law No. 12 of 2023. The 2023 Amendment broadened the definition of 
dominant position, simplified the merger control regime, and introduced  a threshold of merger 
notifications. In addition, the Amendment included competition provisions for e -commerce and 
online platform. Also, it strengthened the power of the Competition Directorate ". 
Question 5:  Could Jordan elaborate on The 2023 Amendment o f the Competition Law in terms of 
e-commerce and online platforms?  
A: The 2023 Amendment to the Competition Law in Jordan, specifically concerning 
e-commerce and online platforms, entails several key modifications:  
1. Expanded Definition of Economic Activitie s: The Amendment includes amendments to 
Article  Two of the law, which broaden the concept of economic activities covered by the 
Competition Law. Under the amended definition, economic activity encompasses various 
sectors, including industrial, commercial, agricultural, tourism, craft, service, or professional 
activities. Significantly, this definition now explicitly includes information technology as an 
economic activity subject to the law.  
2. Application Beyond National Borders:  According to Article  3 of the law, the provisions of 
the Competition Law apply to all economic activities within the Kingdom of Jordan. 
Additionally, it extends the scope to cover economic activities taking place outside the 
Kingdom that have effects within Jordan. This expansion of ju risdiction empowers the 
Competition Directorate to investigate and address practices related to e -commerce and 
online platforms, even when they originate outside Jordan but have an impact within the 
country.  
 
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  UNITED KINGDOM  
1. ECONOMIC MEASURES  
1.3. Trade and Investment Performance  
1.3.3 . Foreign Direct Investment  
Paragraph  1.28 
UK Question 1:  Could Jordan outline what specific support and official mechanisms are available for 
international MSMEs setting up office or branches in Jordan?  
• A: Company La w Provisions:  The Company Law, provides comprehensive provisions 
and support mechanisms for international MSMEs looking to establish offices or branches 
in Jordan, regulated in Articles 240 to 250, provides a legal framework that enhances the 
investment en vironment for foreign companies looking to establish operating or 
non-operating branches in the Kingdom of Jordan.  
• Foreign Company Definitions:  Article  240 of the Company Law defines foreign 
operating companies, distinguishing between companies operating f or a limited period and 
those operating permanently in the Kingdom with a licen ce from competent official 
authorities. Foreign companies are prohibited from conducting commercial activities in 
Jordan unless they are registered under the provisions of the C ompany Law and obtain 
the necessary permits in accordance with existing laws and regulations.  
• Registration Process:  Article  241 outlines the registration process for foreign 
companies, specifying the required data and documents to be submitted to the obser ver. 
These documents, including the Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, and 
relevant approvals from competent authorities in Jordan, must be translated into Arabic 
and certified by a notary public in Jordan. Additionally, detailed informati on about the 
company, such as its name, type, capital, and business goals, must be provided.  
• Observer's Role:  The observer may approve or refuse the registration of foreign 
companies, and in the case of approval, legal procedures for registration and offic ial 
announcements in the Official Gazette are completed upon the payment of applicable legal 
fees. 
• Ongoing Obligations:  Registered foreign companies are subject to several obligations, 
including the submission of annual financial statements certified by a Jordanian legal 
auditor, publication of these financial statements in local newspapers, and access by the 
observer or its delegates to the company's books and documents.  
• Liquidation:  Provisions for liquidation are also specified in the Company Law and appl y 
to branches of foreign companies operating in Jordan, which are managed from abroad.  
• Non-Operating Foreign Companies:  The law also addresses non -operating foreign 
companies, prohibiting them from engaging in any business or commercial activity within 
the Kingdom unless they are registered under the provisions of the Company Law. Non -
operating foreign companies may register to establish headquarters, representative 
offices, or deliver services or technical or scientific offices.  
• Benefits for Non-Operating Foreign Companies:  Non-operating foreign companies 
registered under the Company Law enjoy several benefits, including exemptions from 
certain registration fees, taxes, and customs duties. These exemptions encompass income 
and social services taxes, registration with Chambers of Commerce and Industry, and 
professional unions, among others. Additionally, non -operating foreign companies can 
enter commercial samples and forms exempt from customs duties and import fees.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
- 58 - 
 
  • Employee Requirements:  To qu alify for these benefits, non -operating foreign companies 
are required to employ a minimum number of Jordanian employees, ensuring that at least 
half of their total workforce in the Kingdom is composed of Jordanian nationals.  
• Banking Privileges:  Non-operat ing foreign companies are also permitted to open 
non-resident accounts with commercial banks licensed in Jordanian dinars or foreign 
currencies, allowing for convenient financial transactions.  
UK Question 2: What are the official steps for international investors to disinvest from the country 
to ensure a smooth and streamlined process?  
A:  
Cancellation of Registration for Exempted Company (Limited Liability/Private Joint Stock 
Company):  
Conditions:  
1. The company's representative or an authoriz ed person must be present.  
2. The company should not be conducting any business.  
3. No business dealings on the stock exchange.  
4. A commitment to pay any future obligations.  
5. The company should have no assets.  
6. A liability release from competent authorities (social security, income and sales tax, customs, 
central registry, Amman Municipality, Employment, Training and Vocational and Technical 
Education Fund, and the Import and Export Directorate in the Ministry of Industry and Trade) 
if the company is more than two ye ars old.  
Cancellation of Registration for Operating and Non -Operating Foreign Company:  
Conditions:  
1. The presence of the authorized person to sign off on the document or notarize it.  
2. A letter from the contracting party confirming the completion of the compa ny's work in the 
Kingdom (for operating companies).  
3. Depositing all financial statements and profit and loss accounts for operations in Jordan, 
certified by a Jordanian legal auditor, and publishing them in two local daily newspapers (for 
operating companie s). 
Cancellation of Registration for Non -Profit (Private Shareholding/Limited Liability) 
Company:  
Conditions:  
1. The company's representative or an authorized person must be present.  
Cancellation of Registration for Limited Liability Companies: Conditions:  
1. The company's representative or an authorized person must be present.  
2. No business operations until the delisting date.  
3. No involvement in international stock exchanges.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  4. A commitment to pay any future obligations.  
Cancellation of Registration for Public Joint Stock/Private Joint Stock Companies:  
Conditions:  
1. The company's representative or an authorized person must be present.  
2. All partners must agree to cancel the company and assume any future obligations.  
2. TRADE AND INVESTMENT REGIMES   
2.4. Investment R egime  
Paragraph  2.35 – 2.37 
UK Question 3 : Page 28 paragraph 2.35 onward describes exceptions to foreign investors being 
treated equally to domestic investors, with certain sectors being prohibited from foreign investment 
and others being restricted to les s than 50% equity.  Paragraph 2.37 sets out changes to applicable 
sectors since the last review period. Could Jordan please explain the rationale  for these restrictions 
for foreign investment in these sectors? Have these measures had an impact on Jordan 's national 
targets on attracting foreign investment?  
A: Indeed, Jordan has undertaken comprehensive commitments within the framework of the General 
Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which entail affording foreign investors full ownership rights 
in specif ic sectors. These sectors, which have been identified for their openness to foreign investment 
and where full ownership is permitted, encompass Banking, Telecommunications, Insurance, 
Education, and Health Services. This strategic delineation of sectors fo r differing degrees of foreign 
ownership reflects Jordan's approach to balancing its domestic economic priorities with its 
international trade obligations.  
Given the increased of unemployment rates in Jordan, particularly among the youth, the imposition 
of limitations on the percentage of foreign ownership in sectors such as retail creates enhanced 
business opportunities for Jordanians, particularly within the micro, small, and medium -sized 
enterprises. This approach aligns with global practices where simil ar measures are adopted to 
address unemployment challenges in various countries.  
The regulatory framework governing foreign investments in Jordan has undergone multiple 
revisions, with the most recent occurring in 2019 when specific sectors were either ope ned up to or 
excluded from foreign investors, as was the case with the construction sector. Currently, these 
regulations have been updated with the issuance of the 2023 Investment Environment Framework, 
which revises the list of sectors designated as open or closed to foreign investments.  
2. TRADE AND INVESTMENT REGIMES  
2.Investment Regime  
Table  2.7 FDI restrictions, 2023  
UK question 4 : Please could Jordan clarify what requirements must be met before the Minister makes 
a recommendation to increase the foreign equity limit to the Cabinet?  
A: Increased share for foreign equity maybe considered based on such criteria as jobs creation, 
technology transfer, size of investment / project, and development impact, etc.  
UK question 5 : Can Jordan please clarify th e meaning of "except for what is necessary for the 
purposes of performing the Economic Activity and exporting the product or commodities with the 
approval of the Minister " as mentioned in Article  11(a) of Regulation No. (7 ) for the Year 2023, 
Regulating th e Investment Environment Regulation.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  A: If a business operator, for its own the economic activity, such as manufacturing, needs to import 
inputs for its manufacturing and/or export its manufactured goods, which are different economic 
activities, is allowed  to conduct those economic activities (import/export) without equity limitation. 
In practice, manufacturing companies whether fully owned by foreign or domestic investors are 
allowed to import for their own use and export their products.  
3.TRADE POLICIES A ND PRACTICES BY MEASURE  
3.1.3.Tariffs  
3.1.3.1 MFN bound and applied tariff  
Paragraph 3.24  
UK Question 6:  The UK commends Jordan for substantial progress in simplifying tariff structures and 
lowering MFN rates during the review period. Could Jordan outline if this is having the desired 
outcome?  
A: At the beginning of the year 2022, the Jordanian government took a decision that included the 
unification of customs tariff segments within 4 categories (exempted, 5%, 15%, 25%) and this 
decision aimed to enhance competitiveness and remove the existing distortions in the customs tariff 
in light of the economic recession and crises that the Kingdom and the whole world are going 
through, stimulate the commercial sector and enable citizens to buy their needs a t reasonable prices, 
as well as the positive impact of reducing customs duty rates in reducing the motives and 
justifications of customs smuggling.  After studying the impact of this decision after a year of its 
issuance, it became clear that it achieved th e desired effect, and this is evidenced by the increase 
in the volume of the Kingdom's imports, as well as the increase in the revenues achieved, as well as 
the decrease in the volume of customs smuggling cases seized during the period after the issuance 
of the above decision.  
3. TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE  
3.3 Measures affecting production and trade  
3.3.5 Competition policy and price controls  
3.3.5.1 Competition policy  
Paragraph 3.116  
UK Question 7: Could Jordan please clarify what updated mechanisms and enforced laws are in place 
to ensure fair competition, especially to international companies operating in Jordan?  
• A: Competition Law and Its Amendments:  The cornerstone for ensuring fair competition 
in Jordan is Competition Law No. 3 3 of 2004, which has undergone amendments, including 
the latest one in 2023. This legislation is comprehensive in scope, applying its provisions to 
all economic activities conducted in Jordan. It explicitly guarantees non -discrimination in 
rights and oblig ations between domestic and international companies. Furthermore, the law 
extends its jurisdiction to encompass state -owned enterprises.  
• Enforcement Body:  The responsibility for enforcing Competition Law No. 33 falls under the 
purview of the Competition Di rectorate, which operates within the Ministry of Industry, Trade 
and Supply. The employees of this directorate hold a special status as judicial officers, 
endowing them with the authority to conduct investigations into anti -competitive practices. 
Such prac tices may include the examination of cartels, anti -competitive agreements, and 
cases of abuse of dominant market positions. Additionally, the directorate is entrusted with 
the critical task of monitoring mergers and acquisitions to uphold fair competition principles.  
• Enhanced Powers and Market Studies:  Recent amendments to the law have bolstered 
the authority of the Competition Directorate. It is now empowered to initiate and execute WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  market studies across various sectors, assessing the prevailing competitio n conditions. 
These studies serve as a foundation for providing recommendations aimed at improving the 
competitive landscape. The Directorate is further equipped to offer clarifications on matters 
pertinent to its scope of work, both on a voluntary basis a nd in response to inquiries from 
establishments. This includes providing expert opinions on draft legislation related to 
economic activities and their regulation.  
3. TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE  
3.3 Measures Affecting Production and Trade  
3.3.7 Intellectual property rights  
Paragraph  3.136  
UK Question 8 : Can Jordan please provide further details on the moderni zation of its patent 
protection regime?  
A: Patents Law No.  32 of 1999:  
• Jordan replaced the Patents and Design Law of 1953 with the Patents L aw No.  32 of 1999 
to comply with TRIPS requirements.  
• The law grants inventors a monopoly over their inventions for a specified period in exchange 
for publishing invention details.  
• Patents are only granted for novel, inventive, and industrially applicable c reations.  
• Applications must be submitted to the Registrar of Patents within the Ministry of Industry 
and Trade, who examines their compliance.  
• The Registrar's decisions can be appealed to the Higher Court of Justice.  
• Approved applications are published in the Official Gazette and are publicly accessible.  
• Patents remain valid for 20 years from the date of application.  
Temporary Law No. 71 of 2001 (later became Law No. 17 of 2017):  
• Amendments were made to the Patent Law to meet WTO requirements and address co ncerns 
from foreign IT and pharmaceutical companies.  
• Regarding employee inventions, the law grants more rights to employers if the invention 
relates to their business.  
• The amended law offers protection for the process and end product for pharmaceutical firms, 
aligning with TRIPS  Agreement  requirements.  
• Patents can now be granted for food and pharmaceutical inventions.  
Patent Law No. 28 of 2007:  
• This law ensures Jordan's compliance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty signed in 1970.  
• The Regi strar can delegate authorities outlined in the law to Industrial Property Protection 
Directorate employees.  
• Applicants failing to pay registration fees will receive notifications and must comply, or their 
patent applications will be deemed relinquished.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  • In cases of exports to countries with pandemics or epidemic illnesses, the law complies with 
WTO agreements.  
Law No. 8 of 2016:  
• The filing date for registration in Jordan matches the date filed in a foreign country under 
the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.  
Law No. 16 of 2017:  
• Amendments to this law allow public access to patent applications and their statuses.  
• The amendments provide options for patent owners to withdraw, assign, licen ce, or make 
changes to patent applicatio ns. 
• Jordan joined the Patent Cooperation Treaty, allowing for international patent protection.  
• Patents Office publishes patent applications in the Official Gazette, promoting transparency 
and knowledge sharing.  
GOVERNMENT REPORT (G446)  
4. IMPORTANT DEVELOP MENTS  
4.1. Labour Market Policies  
Paragraph  4.1 
UK Question 9 : Please could Jordan explain what impact the Flexible Employment Regulation N.22 
of 2017 has had on enhancing women 's participation in the labour market? I.e. since its enactment 
in 2017, how ma ny more women are participating in the labour market?  
A: Th e impact of Flexible Employment Regulation No. 22 of 2017 on enhancing women's participation 
in the labo ur market in Jordan:  
• The Flexible Employment Regulation was initially promulgated in 2017, and accompanying 
implementation instructions were issued in 2018. Subsequently, a comprehensive study was 
conducted in 2018 to assess the practical implementation of the flexible work system within 
the Jordanian labo ur market.  
• The findings of this st udy demonstrated that the flexible work system was indeed being 
applied within the Jordanian labo ur market. Notably, it revealed that 35% of the companies 
included in the study sample had established written policies related to flexible work 
arrangements. This data strongly suggested that the introduction of the flexible work system 
had a discernible impact on increasing women's employment rates and supporting their 
sustained participation in the workforce.  
• It is pertinent to note that while the flexible wo rk system was introduced, it was not fully 
implemented until the outbreak of the COVID -19 pandemic in Jordan. In response to the 
pandemic, the flexible work system was actively implemented to address the evolving needs 
of the labo ur market during this chal lenging period.  
• As of the current status, the Ministry of Labo ur is in the process of issuing further instructions 
related to flexible work arrangements, reflecting the government's ongoing commitment to 
adapt labour policies to changing circumstances.  
• Regarding the economic participation of women in the labour market, it is essential to 
acknowledge that participation rates can vary across different regions within Jordan. The 
overall economic participation rate for women in Jordan stands at 14%. While the WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  introduction of the flexible work system has contributed positively to women's employment 
and continued work, the economic participation rate for women remains a subject of ongoing 
consideration and potential enhancement efforts.  
4. IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS  
4.4. Women 's Empowerment  
Paragraph  4.19 
UK Question 10 : Please could Jordan clarify what the success measures used for the Executive Plan 
for the National Strategy for Women in Jordan (2023 -25)? 
A: Evaluating the impact of trade policies on both women and men constitutes a crucial undertaking, 
and Jordan has undertaken substantive measures to systematically assess and oversee these effects. 
These efforts align with the objectives and initiatives outlined in the executive plan of the National 
Strategy fo r Women in Jordan for the years 2023 -25. Implementation of this strategy is carried out 
through the National Committee for Women's Affairs, in conjunction with various governmental 
entities, private sector stakeholders, civil society organizations, and emp loyers' associations.  
Under the economic empowerment pillar of the strategy, several projects and initiatives have been 
undertaken, dovetailing with the overarching vision of economic modernization spanning the 
years  2023-33. Notably, initiatives have been  developed to bolster women's participation in 
manufacturing industries, promote the establishment of both institutional and non -institutional 
laboratories, advance gender parity within the private sector, reform labour -related legislation and 
policies to encompass a gender perspective, and facilitate the establishment of digital marketplaces 
tailored to women's needs.  
These endeavo urs are subject to a set of monitoring and evaluation metrics, which encompass 
indicators such as the revised economic activity  index for women aged 15 years and above, 
employment figures in export -oriented sectors categorized by gender, the wage differential within 
industrial sectors, and the proportion of women who own enterprises or engage in self -employment 
activities (express ed as a percentage). Furthermore, the evaluation process encompasses an 
assessment of the extent to which trade policies have been imbued with gender considerations and 
the degree to which they are effectively executed. This assessment encompasses the moni toring of 
the adoption of gender mainstreaming strategies and the conduction of gender impact assessments 
to ensure the holistic integration of gender perspectives into the trade policy framework.  
6. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE NEEDS  
6.8. Trade -related Intellectu al Property Rights (TRIPS):  
UK Question 11 : Can Jordan please outline the existing enforcement mechanisms in place for the 
protection of Intellectual Property Rights?  
A: In Jordan, the enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) involves several gove rnment 
departments and agencies, including:  
1. Ministry of Justice:  Responsible for overall legal matters related to IPR.  
2. Ministry of Industry and Trade:  Plays a role in IPR enforcement, particularly related to 
trade and commerce.  
3. Ministry of Culture:  Manages  IPR issues concerning cultural heritage and the National 
Library.  
4. Ministry of Agriculture:  Oversees IPR matters related to food and drugs through the 
Jordan Food and Drug Administration.  
5. Jordan Institute of Standards and Metrology (JISM):  Authorized to in spect and take 
action against establishments suspected of selling infringing goods.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  6. Jordan Customs Department:  Empowered by the Border Measures Law to suspend the 
release of suspected infringing goods.  
7. Ministry of Health:  Involved in IPR enforcement, espec ially concerning health -related 
products.  
8. Police Department (IPRs Protection Section):  Focused on the protection of IPR, 
including conducting investigations.  
In May  2008, Jordan established the Intellectual Property Rights Law Enforcement Office as part of  
the General Security Department's Criminal Investigation Department. This office's primary purpose 
is to combat counterfeiting in Jordan, addressing issues such as software piracy and copyright 
infringement. Its responsibilities include conducting regular  market raids to identify and confiscate 
pirated and counterfeit products and handling complaints regarding the distribution of counterfeit 
articles.  
Jordanian Customs, guided by the Border Measures Law, has the authority to suspend the release 
of goods su spected of infringing IPR. The law defines intellectual copyrights broadly, covering 
copyright and related rights, trademarks, patents, industrial designs, integrated circuits, trade 
secrets, and geographical indications. Right holders have the option to f ile criminal or civil cases 
within eight days of being notified of customs' decisions to suspend the release of goods.  
The Jordan Standards and Metrology Organization (JSMO ) can inspect and seize infringing goods in 
shops suspected of selling unauthorized products. Upon JSMO's seizure, trademark owners have the 
option to file criminal or civil cases with the competent court or send official notifications through a 
notary pub lic within a specified timeframe from the date of seizure.  
The Department of the National Library wields substantial authority in investigating IPR violations 
and imposing infringement fines. In cases of repeated violations, the court may issue a ruling to  
suspend the infringer's business licen ce. The department enforces copyright and related rights laws 
through various mechanisms, including inspection raids, seizure of violated works and devices, 
preparation of seizure reports, expert reports, and testifyi ng in court as necessary.  
  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  UNITED STATES  
Part I. Questions based on the Secretariat Report (WT/TPR/S/446)  
Page 31, Paragraph 3.4:  The report states that on 29 November  2021, Jordan Customs launched 
the Jordan Trade Facilitation Portal, an online platform publishing all information, including Customs 
legislation, procedures, and paperwork, for all goods imported to, exported from, or transiting 
through Jordan. Are all documents required for export/import transactions incorporated into the 
Trade Fac ilitation Portal?  
1. Can you confirm if some import/export documents still need to be submitted via paper copy?  
A: Jordan confirms that all documents required for export/import transactions are incorporated into 
the TFP.  
Page 39, paragraph 3.41: You state tha t final measures are subject to approval by the Council of 
Ministers and can be appealed to the High Court of Justice.  
2. Please clarify whether there is a specific time period after a decision by the MITS for the Council 
of Members to approve or decline the imposition of final measures.  
A: In accordance with the National Production Protection Law No. (21) Of 2004, Article  (17-A), the 
Minister of Industry and Trade shall submit his decision within 10 days to the Council of Ministers 
for approval. The Council o f Ministers may approve or disapprove the decision within a period not 
exceeding 30 days from the date of submission.  
3. Please provide an updated web address or URL on which Jordan will communicate trade remedy 
proceeding decisions (e.g.  initiations, prelimi nary and final determinations or terminations) . 
A: Jordan will communicate trade remedy proceeding decisions through the following website:  
https://nppd.mit.gov.jo/Pages/HomePage.aspx . 
Page 41, Paragraph 3.51 and 3.52:  The Secretariat Report states that "Import licenses include 
automatic and non -automatic licenses… and import licenses are issued by various authorities, 
depending on the goods ". 
4. Please confirm if Jordan will accept US Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGI S) certifications for 
granting automatic importation to corn and other grains?  
A: Jordan rigorously inspects all imports originating from any country within its borders, irrespective 
of possessing an external inspection certificate. The importation of grai ns is subject to regulatory 
oversight as outlined in the "Instructions for Approving Imported Feed Materials No. 1/G of 2016 ", 
which aligns with the provisions of Agriculture Law No. 13 of 2015. These instructions encompass 
procedures for sampling, establi shing approved specifications, and conducting requisite tests.  
It is important to note that Jordan does not issue exemptions from inspection and quarantine 
certificates, including veterinary health certificates and plant quarantine certificates, for animal  and 
plant products classified as low -risk. The Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) does not grant 
such exemptions. Consequently, all pertinent inspection and quarantine prerequisites are applicable 
to imported animal and plant products, regardless of the perceived level of risk associated with 
them.  
 
Page 43, Paragraph 3.73, and Table  3.7: The Secretariat Report states that "Jordan operates an 
Export Credit Insurance scheme. Under the scheme, the Jordan Loan Guarantee Corporation (JLGC) 
provides exp ort credit guarantees to exporters… " According to Table  3.7, JLGC 's total financing 
under its export credit Export credit insurance, for the food sector is US D 60 million  or 21 % of its 
portfolio.  The United  States  notes that in years past Jordan has responded "nil" to the Committee 
on Agriculture 's export competition questionnaire (ECQ).  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  5. Please explain whether Jordan considers JLGC's  export financing support activities as covered 
by the Nairobi Decision on Export Competition.  If not, why not?  
A: Jordan does not consider the export financing support activities provided by the Jordan Loan 
Guarantee Corporation (JLGC) as covered by the N airobi Decision on Export Competition. This 
determination is based on the fact that agricultural exports, particularly unprocessed agricultural 
products, do not receive support from the government of Jordan. In accordance with the provisions 
of the Nairobi  Decision, Jordan ensures that its export support measures align with the commitment 
to refrain from providing export subsidies for agricultural exports. Therefore, the support activities 
conducted by JLGC in the food sector, which primarily involve export  credit insurance, are not 
considered as export subsidies under the Nairobi Decision. Jordan is committed to complying with 
its international trade obligations and commitments, including those related to export competition 
in the agricultural sector.  
6. If covered, please provide a response to all ECQ questions regarding all export financing 
transactions for agricultural and food products for calendar year 2022.  
A: Please see the previous response.   
FOLLOW -UP QUESTION FROM UNITED STATES  
Follow -up: The United S tates would like to note that the scope of the Ministerial Decision on Export 
Competition does not make any reference that Members are exempt from notifying Export Credits, 
Export Credit Guarantees or Insurance Programmes for agricultural products because they do not 
provide export subsidies. All export financing support activities by JLGC to agricultural and food 
products needs to be notified in the COA 's Export Competition Questionnaire (ECQ). Could Jordan  
provide an updated response to the ECQ regarding all export financing transactions for agricultural 
and food products for calendar year 2022?  
A: The Ministry of Agriculture has duly submitted the Export Competition Questionnaire (ECQ), 
inclusive of the Ex port Subsidies, Export Finance, and Food Aid report for the calendar year 2022, 
on the 4th of October 2023. It is important to note that the completion of the exporting state trading 
enterprises questionnaire necessitates consultation with The Jordan Loan Guarantee Corporation 
(JLGC) to acquire the requisite data. Furthermore, the JLGC does not provide direct export financing 
as mentioned above. However the JLGC provides export credit insurance program which is available 
for all exporters regardless of the size, products and the type of entity.  
Page 45, Paragraph 3.81:   
7. The U S notes the absence of a Jordanian notification of a technical standard or regulation in the 
last 10 years. Could Jordan explain the reasons for this lapse, particularly as it relates to  WTO 
best practices of notifying new standards and regulations?  
A: Jordan has recently undertaken renewed efforts to revitalize its notification system. However, it's 
worth highlighting that Jordan requires additional capacity and technical assistance (TA)  from both 
the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its members to facilitate regular notifications. Our 
commitment is steadfast in ensuring that all technical rules are consistently and duly notified, 
aligning with the well -established best practices stipul ated by the World Trade Organization (WTO).  
This commitment underscores Jordan's unwavering dedication to transparency and adherence to 
international trade standards, including the fundamental principle of timely notification of new 
standards and regulatio ns, as prescribed by the guidelines set forth by the WTO.  
Page 47, Paragraph 3.103:  The Secretariat Report states that "testing and inspection at the 
border are conducted by Customs, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the JFDA. Inspection procedures 
are in a ccordance with International Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM), Codex, and 
national standards… Physical and sensory inspection is on the spot. Laboratory testing takes between 
24 hours and 1 week ". The United  States  notes that Jordan 's Ministry of Agriculture has not notified 
to the WTO its control and inspection procedures. As such, U S exports of corn to Jordan have 
essentially stopped due to shipment rejections based on sampling results.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  8. Please provide Jordan 's control and inspection procedures, including foreign matter and sampling 
requirements , for bulk grain commodities.  
A: The inspection procedures are meticulously executed for consignments categorized as high risk, 
often referred to as the "red lane" consignm ents. These high -risk items undergo inspection not only 
by customs but also by other relevant regulatory bodies, including the Ministry of Agriculture and 
the Food and Drug General Corporation, among others. These authorities operate within the customs 
clearance system known as ASYCUDA. Goods categorized as high risk are not released until all 
processes are completed within the ASYCUDA system. The procedures involved in this regard 
encompass the following steps:  
A. An initial examination of the documents ac companying the customs declaration is conducted.  
B. Determination of the samples to be extracted from the consignment, including specifications 
regarding the sample size and quantity. These samples are withdrawn by inspectors as per the 
requests from the r espective regulatory authorities through the electronic system. These samples 
are then forwarded to the relevant authority and its designated laboratories.  
C. For sensitive consignments such as refrigerated foodstuffs, similar procedures are followed. 
Howe ver, the sample extraction process is carried out in a specialized cent re within the customs 
premises, ensuring that the sampling is conducted under appropriate conditions that do not 
compromise the safety of these goods.  
D. Bulk grain consignments undergo  identical procedures to those mentioned earlier. These 
consignments are subject to inspection by a committee comprising representatives from both 
customs and the Ministry of Agriculture.  
E. The finalization of these procedures is overseen by the respectiv e regulatory authority, such as 
the Ministry of Agriculture or the Jordan Food and Drug Administration. This finalization occurs after 
the laboratory analysis results become available.  
It's important to note that consignments falling into this category may  be subject to pledges or 
guarantees made to the relevant regulatory authority, with the condition that these pledges or 
guarantees are not acted upon until the laboratory analysis results are obtained and evaluated.  
9. As per Codex Guidelines for the Exchang e of Information Between Countries on Rejections of 
Imported Food, CAC/GL 25 -1997, will Jordan provide a written notification, including the details 
of the rejection and rationale for rejected shipments?  
A: Currently, there is no established mechanism for  exchanging information in accordance with as 
per Codex Guidelines for the Exchange of Information between Countries on Rejections of Imported 
Food, CAC/GL 25 -1997.  
Accordingly, the Ministry of Agriculture has no objection to activating suitable mechanism for sharing 
information with relevant authorities in the exporting countries if requested, As the Ministry may 
require technical support to identify effective and direct channels for sharing information.  
10. Will Jordan notify  the import and competen t authority of future violations so an investigation 
can be undertaken and corrective actions, as applicable?  
A: Jordan acknowledges the significance of this matter and is actively working towards enhancing 
its notification process. The process improvemen t involves capacity -building initiatives aimed at 
ensuring Jordan's compliance with its notification obligations.  
Page 48, Paragraph 3.106:   
11. The Secretariat  Report states that Jordan 's most recent notification on state trading enterprises 
was in July  2003, despite having a biennial requirement to do so.  Please advise as to when 
Jordan will make an updated notification and whether it will cover the period 2003 -22. WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  A: Jordan is currently in the process of coordinating with the relevant institutions to prov ide the 
required notification to the WTO Secretariat. Jordan intends to notify its State Trading Enterprises 
(STEs) in the near future, and this notification will cover the period from 2003 to 2022.  
Pages 53 -54, Paragraph 3.137:  The Secretariat Report indi cates that Jordan ratified the 
Marrakesh VIP Treaty in 2018 and that its ratification of the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual 
Performances is ongoing.   
12. What steps , including any legislative reforms, is Jordan taking to implement the Marrakesh 
Treaty?  
A: Jora n is considering amending copyright Law to include articles of Marrakesh VIP Treaty.  
13. Could Jordan  provide further details on when it plans to ratify the Beijing Treaty and whether 
any legislative reforms will be needed before accession?  
A: Jordan is consid ering and studying the possible impact of ratification of Beijing Treaty.  
Pages 56, Paragraph 3.158:  The Secretariat Report states that collective management 
organizations (CMOs) must be registered in Jordan and that there are no restrictions on CMO 
regist ration by foreigners.  
14. Does Jordan have information  on how many CMOs have been registered and what types of 
copyright owners they represent?  
A: We would like to point out that there is no mention of collective management in the legislation. 
As for the asso ciations registered with the Ministry of Culture, they are non -profit associations and 
there are no restrictions on foreigners to register.  
Page 60, Paragraph 4.12:  The Secretariat Report states that "The National Agricultural 
Development Strategy 2020 -25… other key targets of the strategy include reducing export costs to 
pave the way for a 15% increase in agricultural exports. Accordingly, the Strategy is designed to 
help cut air and land freight costs by 12% ". 
15. What are the measures that have been implemen ted by Jordan to reduce the air and land freight 
costs for agricultural product exports?  
A: Jordan plans to promote the establishment of export consortia that operate dedicated air cargo 
flights for agricultural exports, replacing the reliance on passenger flights for this purpose. This 
strategic shift is expected to significantly reduce the overall export costs associated with airfreight.  
FOLLOW -UP QUESTION FROM UNITED STATES  
Follow -up: Please clarify whether Jordan, during the review period, prov ided any type of export 
subsidies per provisions of Article 9.4 of the Agreement on Agriculture (the export subsidization of 
costs of domestic and international transport and freight or agricultural products). If so, please 
confirm whether these subsidies would end on 31 December 2023, per the Nairobi Decision on Export 
Competition.  
A: Throughout the preceding review period and in consideration of future endeavors, Jordan affirms 
the absence of any form of export subsidies, specifically pertaining to the su bsidization of costs 
related to domestic and international transport and freight of agricultural products, as stipulated in 
Article 9.4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. It is further confirmed that no such subsidies are 
envisaged to extend beyond 31  Decemb er 2023, in accordance with the Nairobi Decision on Export 
Competition.  
Page 61, Paragraph 4.22:  The Secretariat Report states that "the most recent notifications by 
Jordan to the WTO Committee on Agriculture (COA) were made in 2017 and refer to calendar y ears 
2013 and 2014. According to the authorities, lack of up -to-date data has prevented them from 
making new notifications. " WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  16. What steps is Jordan taking to submit overdue notifications  to the WTO Committee on 
Agriculture ? 
A: Jordan is currently in the process of collecting the necessary data and information required for 
the submission of overdue notifications to the WTO Committee on Agriculture.  
17. Please indicate when  COA Members could expect to receive them for review.  
A: Jordan is currently in the proce ss of coordinating with the relevant institutions to provide the 
required notification to the WTO Secretariat. Jordan intends to notify in the near future.  
Part II. Questions based on the Government Report (WT/TPR/G/446)  
Page 17, Paragraph 5.1:  
18. please cla rify what it means by its endeavo ur to harmonize its technical standards and 
regulations and to strengthen the harmonization of its procedures and standards with 
international norms?  
 
19.  Does Jordan intend for harmonization to be understood as alignment in t his instance?  
A: Jordan's commitment to harmonizing its technical standards, regulations, procedures, and 
standards with international norms signifies a concerted effort to approximate its practices with 
globally recognized and accepted standards. This ini tiative encompasses ensuring that national 
technical standards and regulations are compatible with international counterparts, streamlining 
administrative procedures to facilitate international trade and business activities, and approximating 
national stan dards with globally recognized benchmarks. By adhering to international norms and 
standards, Jordan aims to enhance its competitiveness in the global market, attract foreign 
investment, and promote economic growth, while also ensuring that its products and  services meet 
international quality and safety criteria, ultimately fostering a more open and efficient business 
environment.  
Page 21, Paragraph 6.8.  The Government Report states: Trade -related Intellectual Property 
Rights (TRIPS): Assistance in understan ding and implementing intellectual property rights 
regulations, as stipulated by the WTO's Agreement on Trade -Related Aspects of Intellectual Property 
Rights (TRIPS), is essential for Jordan. This may include support in strengthening intellectual 
property protection, enforcement mechanisms, and promoting innovation and technology transfer.  
20. Please provide more details on the type of assistance Jordan seeks related to strengthening 
intellectual property protection and enforcement mechanisms.  
A: Regarding th e assistance Jordan is seeking relates to strengthening intellectual property 
protection and enforcement mechanisms, the specific requirements and needs include:  
1. The project titled " Data Quality Assurance of Patents Published on Electronic 
Database " aims t o ensure the accuracy and reliability of patent information available on the 
Ministry's search platform. Patents are vital for technological advancement and innovation, 
making accurate data crucial. This project is significant as patents reflect a country' s 
inventive activity and are essential for competitiveness, aligning with national strategies like 
Jordan's Vision 2025 and the Economic Modernization Vision It supports IPPD's mission to 
strengthen Jordan's patent system and improve access to patent infor mation, which can aid 
decision -making and benefit the local economy. The project involves quality control, 
re-archiving unclear documents, and implementing OCR programs for text searchability.  WT/TPR/M/446/Add.1  
 
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  2. Public Awareness and Culture Development and Enhanced Cooperation with Public 
and Private Sectors:  Jordan aims to improve public awareness and cultivate a broader 
culture within Jordanian society regarding the importance of intellectual property rights. This 
awareness -building effort extends to various segmen ts of society, including young people, 
civil society, and economic operators. By fostering an understanding of intellectual property 
rights, Jordan seeks to align its population's mindset with the country's broader development 
and economic growth objective s. 
__________