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The Co -firing Ratio and Component Standard for 
Fuel Used  in Stationary Pollution Source  
Draft Version and General Description  
The Air Pollution Control Act (hereinafter referred to as “This Law”) 
was promulgated for enactment on August 1 2018 after amendment. 
Pursuant to Paragraph 1 in Article 28 of This Law, the use fuels and 
auxiliary fuels that contain  bituminous coal  or other substances 
designated and officially announced by the central competent authority 
and are also used by public or private prem ises shall meet the standards 
provided by the central competent authority for fuel types, rat io of fuels 
in combustion and fuel composition.  In addi tion, the use of these fuels 
may begin only after application for and acquisition of a use permit 
issued by the special municipality, county or city comp etent . In 
enforcing Paragraph 2 in Article 28 of This Law by the Environmental 
Protection Administration, Executive Yuan, the proposal of “ The Co -
firing Ratio and Component Standard for Fuel Used in Stationary 
Pollution Source  ” (hereinafter referred to as “the Standards”) was 
drafted with general description specified below:  
I. Legal reference. (Article 1 of the draft)  
II. Scope of application of  the Standard s. (Article 2 of the draft)  
III. Terms and definitions used in the Standard s. (Article 3 of the draft)  
IV. Standard s for the fuels used in public and private  premises . (Article 
4 of the draft)  
V. The scope of using auxiliary fuels in public and pri vate premises . 
(Article 5 of the draft)  
VI. The co-firing  ratio of waste derived fuels in public and private 
premises . (Article 6 of the draft)  
VII. The sampling and test methods adopted by the competent authority 
at the municipal, county (city) levels on different types of fuels 
mixed for combustion in public and private premises . (Article 7 of 
the draft)  
VIII. The enactment date of the Standard . (Article 8 of the draft)  
 
  
2 The Co -firing Ratio and Component Standard for 
Fuel Used in Stationary Pollution Source   
Draft Version and General  
Description  
 
The provision  Description  
Article 1: Th ese Standard s are instituted 
pursuant to Paragraph 2 in Article 28 of 
the Air Pollution Control Act  (hereinafter 
referred to as “This Law”).  Legal reference of the Standard s. 
Article 2: The Standard s shall be 
applicable to the use of bituminous coal 
and other fuels designated and announced 
by the competent authority at the central 
level pursuant to Paragraph 1 in Article 28 
of This Law with stationary  pollution 
source in public o r private premise s. Scope of application of the Standard s. 
Article 3: The terms and definitions used 
in the Standard s:  
(I) Fuels: including bituminous coal 
and fuels designated and 
announced by the competent 
authority at the central level 
pursuant to Paragraph 1 in Article 
28 of This Law.  
(II) Bituminous coal: coal not refining 
with fixed carbon and volatile 
content at the ratio of less than 4.  
(III) Fuel oil: all liquid fuels except  
fuels  reclaimed  from liquid wastes.  
(IV) Petroleum coke:  The heavy oil 
produced in petroleum refining, 
which has been  coked with or 
without calcin ing.  
(V) Solid biofuels: forestry  or wood  
residue without chemical treatment 
or treated used as fuel  directly or 
after processing .  
(VI) Waste derived fuels: fuels 
reclaimed from solid waste  or 
direct ruse of solid and liquid 
waste . 
(VII) Auxiliary fuels: the wastes that 
could be re -used as auxiliary fuels 
which  are designated by the 
central competent authority or the 
competent authority of the relevant Terms and definitions used in the 
Standard s.  
3 industry . 
(VIII)  Co-firing : the combustion of 2 
kinds  or more of fuels from a 
stationary  pollution source .  
(IX) Lower heating  value:  the heat 
energy generated from  fixed 
quantity of solid or liquid  fuel 
combusted under 1 atm, and the 
water vapor before, during, and 
after the combustion is maintained 
at vapor state . 
(X) Wet basis: the original test 
specimen without air-dried which 
indicated the state with total water 
content.  
(XI) Air dried basis: the specimen for 
testing after air dried to show the 
result of analysis.  
(XII) Dried basis: the test specimen is 
based on anhydrous state to show 
the result of analysis.  
Article IV: The use of fuels and auxiliary 
fuels in public and private premises  shall 
conform to the standard s in content 
specified in the table attached.  According to Article 28 of This Law, the 
use of fuels of stationary  pollution source 
shall conform to the standard value in the 
content specified in the attached  table .  
Article V: The wet basis low er heating  
value entered for the use of au xiliary fuels 
with stationary  pollution sources in public 
or private premises  shall not be greater 
than or equal to 50% of the total low er 
heating  value input .  The wet basis low calorific value is 
limited to the total low calorific value 
entered.  
Article VI: For  waste derived fuels  co-
firing   in stationary  pollution source of 
public and private premises  , and the 
emission standard  of stationary  pollution 
source is not as strict as the standard  of 
waste  incinerators , the co -firing  ratio shall 
be based on the emission standards of 
sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. The 
equation is specified below:  
 
 
Hw：ratio of low er heating  
value  input from waste 
derived  fuels . 
Hf：ratio of low er heating  I. In paragraph I, the stationary  
pollution source  from combustion 
of wastes practiced in the EU was 
adopted in setting the equation of 
the co -firing  ratio of the use of 
waste derived fuels. If the use of 
waste derived  fuels in public and 
private premises  and the emission 
standard from stationary  pollution 
source is greater than the standard 
of waste  incinerators , the ratio for 
co-firing  should be set.  
II. In consideration of using 
incinerators for the treatment of 
different forms of wastes in 
Paragraph I that the sources and 
the components are more 
complicated such that stricter 
 
4 value with the use of 
fuels other than waste 
derived  fuels from 
stationary  pollution 
source.  
Cw： emission standard of 
incinerators expressed 
by ppm.  
Cf：The emission  standard s 
of stationary  pollution 
source with the use of 
waste derived  fuels in 
co-firing , expressed by 
ppm.   
C：the concentration of 
exhaust from co -firing  
with waste derived fuels, 
expressed by ppm.  
If the ratios of sulfur oxides and 
nitrogen oxides from the calculation of 
using waste derived  fuels in co -firing  in 
public or private premises  are different, 
the lower ratio should be used for 
regulating the co-firing  ratio.  regulations and standard  are 
required .Therefore,  the emission 
standard of  incinerators is adopted 
as the basis. If the emission  
standard  of stationary  pollution 
source  is not as strict  as 
incinerators  , the ratio of co-firing  
with waste derived fuels should be 
regulated, to control  air pollution 
emission by the source  regulation .  
III. Paragraph II shows the method of  
calculation to find out the ratio of co -
firing  whereby the stricter standard 
should be used.  
Article VII:  When fuel checked by local 
municipal authority are mixture of 
different batches, sampling should follow 
the record near the time of inspection and 
collect sufficient  fuel sample at proper 
location in front of combustion facility.  
The sample should be tested with standard 
method specified by central  author ity to 
sample and test.   The methods of sampling and testing on 
same  types of fuels  but from different 
bathes  for co -firing i in public and private 
premises  by the  authority at the municipal, 
county (level) are regulated.  
Article VIII: The Standard s shall be 
effective on promulgation day except  
specified.  The enactment of the Standard.   
5  
 
Rules  Description  
Standard s of fuel content  
 
Fuel type  Items for control  Standard 
content  Remark  Enactment date  
Bituminous 
coal  Sulfur content  ≦1 Wt%  Air dried basis  
Promulgation 
day Ash content  ≦20 Wt%  Percentage of 
residues after 
combustion or 
residues after 
heating by weight.  
Lower  
heating  value   ≧4,700 
kcal/kg  Air dried basis  
Mercury 
Content   ≦0.15 μg /g  Dried basis  
Fuel oil  Sulfur content   ≦0.5 %   Promulgation 
day 
Petroleum 
coke Sulfur content  ≦0.5 Wt%  Air dried basis  
Promulgation 
day Lower  
heating  value   ≧8,000 
kcal/kg  Air dried basis  
Solid 
biofuels  Chlorine content  ≦0.1 Wt%  Dried basis  
To be enacted 
on January 1 
2021 Sulfur content    ≦0.05 Wt%  Dried basis  
Lead content  ≦20 μg/g  Dried basis  
Cadmium 
content  ≦1 μg/g  Dried basis  
Mercury content  ≦0.1 μg/g  Dried basis  
Lower  
heating  value  ≧3,600 
kcal/kg  Wet basis  
 1. The regulations and standards  adopted by EU  , USA  and the other 
countries . The results of analyzing the  current coal usage permit  
information  and the domestic coal purchase orders  are used as the 
reference basis for setting  the standards . The standards of the 
content of different kinds of fuels were specified in the table 
attached by fuel type for purpose of source management .  
2. Using  bituminous coal  as the fuel, the exhaust temperature of each 
kiln exceeds the condensat ion temperature of water vapor . 
Therefore, the water vapor in the flue gas will generally not 
condense into water, and the low er  heating  value is used as the 
basis for determining the heating  value  .  
3. According to  “The a nnouncement on the use of liquid fuels with a 
sulfur content of more than 0.5% as prone to air pollutants",  
thereby  the fuel oil content sulfur standard   is controlled at small er 
or equal to 0.5%. Therefore , fuel oils with sulfur content more than 
0.5% are prohibited for using at public and private premises  of 
stationary pollution sources.  
4. Some countries have banned the burning and use of petroleum 
coke and substances liable to cause air pollution  by their 
regulations.  In addition, there is no public and private premises  
using petroleum coke as fuels in Taiwan. To avoid  evasion of This 
Law in certain public and private  premises , the content of sulfur 
contained  in petroleum coke shall be controlled at less than or 
equal to 0.5%, and the lower heating value shall be greater than or 
equal to 8,000 kcal/kg.  
5. The ISO 17225  specifications are used as the reference basis for 
setting solid biomass fuel composition stand ards.