DEAS 999: 2019  
ICS 87.040  
 
 
© EA C 2019                                                                                                                             First Edition 2019   
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Drop on materials for road marking paints  -— Specification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 999:2019  
ii © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice  
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Violators may be pr osecuted . DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  v 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  2 
4.1 Glass beads  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  2 
4.1.1.  General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
4.1.1.1  Surface treatments of glass beads  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 2 
4.1.3  Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
4.1.5  Durability aspects - Resistance to chemicals: water, hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride 
andsodium sulphide  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  4 
4.2 Transparent antiskid aggregates  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  5 
4.2.1  Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  5 
4.2.2  Granulometry  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  5 
4..2.3  Dangerous substances  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  6 
4.2.4  Durability aspects — Resistance to fragmentation (friability)  ................................ ..........................  6 
4.3 Non transparent antiskid aggregate  ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 7 
4.3.1  pH value  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  7 
4.3.2  Visibility characteristics  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  7 
4.3.3  Granulometry  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  7 
4.4 Mixtures of glass beads and antiskid aggregates  ................................ ................................ .............  9 
4.4.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  9 
5 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  9 
6 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  9 
8 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  9 
Annex  A (normative)  Test method to determine the presence of the moisture proof coating  ..............  11 
A.1  Procedure A  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  11 
A.1.1   General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  11 
A.1.2   Results  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  12 
Annex  B (normative)  Test method to determine the presence of floatation coating  ..............................  13 
B.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  13 
B.2 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  13 
B.3 Apparatus and reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  13 
B.4  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  13 
B.5  Results  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  13 
Annex  C (normative)  Test method to determine the refractive index of the glass beads  .......................  15 
C.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  15 
C.2  Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  15 
C.3   Apparat us................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  16 
C.4  Test conditions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 16 
C.5   Procedure................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  16 DEAS 999:2019  
iv © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  D (normative)  Test method to determine maximum weighted percentage of defective 
glass beads  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  17 
D.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  17 
D.2  Results of counting  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  18 
Annex  E (normative)  Glass beads de fects  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 19 
E.1  Oval glass beads (see Figure E.1)  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 19 
E.2  Satellites (see Figure E.2)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  19 
E.3  Tear shaped glass beads (see Figure E.3)  ................................ ................................ .....................  19 
E.4  Glass beads fused together (see Figure E.4)  ................................ ................................ ................  20 
E.5  Roundish glass beads (see Figure C.5)  ................................ ................................ .........................  20 
E.6  Opaque glass beads (see Figure E.6)  ................................ ................................ .............................  20 
E.7  Milky glass beads (see Figure E.7)  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 21 
E.8  Gas inclusions (see Figure E 8)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 21 
E.9  Grains (see Figure E.9)  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  21 
E.10  Foreig n particles  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  22 
Annex  F (normative)  Test method to determine the friability index of the antiskid aggregates  ............  23 
F.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  23 
F.1.1   Principle ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  23 
F.1.2   Friability Index  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 23 
F.2  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  23 
F.2.1   Standard apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  23 
F.2.2   Special apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  23 
F.3  Material to be te sted  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  24 
F.3.1   Obtaining the sample ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  24 
F.3.2   Preparing the sample ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  24 
F.4  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  24 
F.5  Expression of results ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  24 
Annex  G (normative)  Test method to determine the presence of dangerous substances  .....................  25 
G.1  Reference method  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  25 
Annex  H (normative)  Test methods to determine the resistance of the glass beads to the effects 
of water,  hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride and sodium sulphide  ................................ ............  27 
H.1  Resistance to the effects of water  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 27 
H.2  Resistance to the effect s of hydrochloric acid  ................................ ................................ .............  27 
H.3  Resistance to the effects of calcium chloride  ................................ ................................ ...............  27 
H.4  Resistance to the effects of sodium sulphide  ................................ ................................ ...............  27 
H.4.1   Apparatus and reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  27 
H.4.2   Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  28 
H.4.3   Results  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  28 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  29 
 DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  v 
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
The Community has established an East Afri can Standards Committee  (EASC)  mandated to develop and 
issue East African Standards  (EAS) . The Committee is composed of representatives of the National 
Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the public and private sector  
organizations  in the community .  
East African Standards are developed through  Technical Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties. 
Draft East African  Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the 
Partner States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the Principles and procedures for development o f East African Standards.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are impl ementing .  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee EASC/TC 070, Paints, varnishes and 
related products.   
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 999:2019  
 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  1 
 Drop on materials for road marking paints  — Specification  
1 Scope   
This Draft East African Standard specifies requirements, methods of sampling  and test for glass beads, anti -
skid agg regates, and the mixture of the two, which are applied as drop -on materials on road marking paints  
This Standard is not applicable to glass beads and/or anti -skid aggregates, or their mixture, applied during the 
process of manufacturing road marking paint s. 
2 Normative references  
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes 
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, 
the lates t edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
ISO 4618,  Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions  
ISO 787 -9, General methods of test for pigments and exten ders — Part 9: Determination of pH value of 
aqueous suspension  
ISO 565 , Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes of 
openings  
lSO 2591 -1, Test sieving — Part 1: Methods using test sieves of woven wire cloth and perforated metal plate  
ISO 7724 -2, Paints  and varnishes — Calorimetry — Part 2: Colour measurement  
ASTM D1155, Standard test method for roundness of glass spheres  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document , the definitions given in ISO 4618  and the following apply:  
3.1 
glass bead  
transparent spherica l glass particle, used to provide night visibility for the road markings by retro -reflecting the 
incident headlight beams of a vehicle towards the driver  
NOTE  This product is defined by five characteristics: refractive index, maximum we ighted percentage o f defective -
glass beads, granulometry, content of dangerous substances and resistance to c hemicals. In addition, surface treatment 
with its intended use need to be declared by manufacturer (if any).  
3.1.2   
antiskid aggregate  
hard grain of natural or artif icial origin, used to provide antiskid qualities for the road markings  
NOTE  This product is defined by the following characteristics:  DEAS 999:2019  
2 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 a) transparent antiskid aggregates: granulometry, resistance to fragmentation (friability); in addition, for transparent 
antiskid aggregates in glass, content of dangerous substances;  
b) non-transparent antiskid aggregate granulometry, resistance to fragmentation (friability) chromaticity co -ordinates 
and luminance factor  
3.1.3  
mixture of glass beads and antiskid aggregates  
product which is a combination of here above product criteria and their relative ratio  
3.2  
intermediate bulk container IBC  
container with a capacity of up to 1 300 kg, used as an intermediate solution in between bags and tins (25 kg 
to 50 kg) and bulk transp ort 
4 Requirements  
4.1 Glass beads  
4.1.1.  General  requirements  
4.1.1 .1 Surface treatments of glass beads  
Glass beads special coatings may be applied to the surface of the glass beads to enhance their 
properties. The glass beads shall be clean,  smooth,  sphe rical, dry and free from lumps and clusters.  
4.1.3  Specific requirements  
4.1.3.1 The glass beads  shall meet the specific requirements specified in Table 1  when tested in accordance 
with the test methods specified therein .  
Table 1 — Specific requirements for glass beads  
 
4.1.3.2 Maximum weighted percentage of defective glass beads  
4.1.3.2.1 In a collection of glass beads, maximum wei ghted percentage of defective glass beads is used to 
identify the percentage of glass beads that are not perfectly spherical.  
When tested in accordance with Annex D  Glass beads defects are listed in Annex E the maximum weighted 
percentage of defective bead s shall be 20 % including a maximum of 3 % of grains and foreign particle (see 
Table 2). lf a granulometry includes beads with diameters lower than 1 mm and diameters equal to or greater S/N Characteristic  Requirement  Test method  
i.  Moisture proof coating, %, min.  
When declared by the manufacture rs 80 Annex A  
ii.  Floatation coating, when 
declared, %,min.  Xylene  90 Annex B  
n-heptane  75 
iii.  Refractive Index  Class A  ≥1.5 Annex C  
Class B  ≥1.7 
Class C  ≥1.9 
iv.  Total lead content , ppm, max . 90 ISO 6503  
v.  Roundness,%,  min. (true spheres)  70 ASTM D1155  DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  3 
 than 1 mm they shall be separated by means of a sieve with nominal si zes of openings of 1 mm and checked 
separately.  
Table 2  — Maximum weighted percentage of defective glass beads  
Diameter of glass beads, 
mm Maximum weighted , 
% of defective glass beads  Maximum weighted , 
% of grains and foreign particles  
≥1 20 3 
≤1 20 3 
 
During the separate checki ng of the glass beads with diam eters lower than 1 mm and diameters equal to or 
greater than 1 mm, the maximum  weighted  percentage of defective glass beads of each fraction shall be 
recorded separa tely in the results of counting.  
4.1.3. 3 Granulometry  
Granulometry is the measure of the size gradation of a collection of grains.  
The granulometry of the transparent antiskid aggregates shall be described giving the minimum and the 
maximum percentages, by mass, of the cumulative retained  particles on metal wire cloth test sieves ISO 565: 
- sizes R 40/3 - using the test sieving procedure defined in ISO 2591 -1. 
Granulometry of transparent antiskid aggregates shall be described by selecting sieves in accordance with the 
following rules (see also Table 3): 
a) The upper safety sieve shall retain 0 % to 2 % of the total mass of the antiskid aggregates.  
b) The upper nominal sieve shall retain 0 % to 10 % of the antiskid aggregates.  
c) If necessary, intermediate sieves shall be added to limit the ratio bet ween the nominal sizes of 
openings of two successive si eves to a maximum of 1.7: 1.  
d) For each of the intermediate sieves, the range by mass between the minimum N1 % and the 
maximum N 2 % of the cumulative retained percentages shall be not more than 40 % ( N2 - N1 ≤ 40). 
e) The lower nominal sieve shall retain 95 % to 100 % of the beads.  
Table 3  — Selecting sieves for aggregates  
Sieves ISO 565  
R 40/3  Cumulative retained mass , 
% 
Upper safety  0 to 2  
Upper nominal  0 to 10  
Intermediate  N1 to N2 
Lower nominal  95 to 100  
 
The range of possible granulometries is defined in this clause and by Table 3 above'  DEAS 999:2019  
4 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Many  granulometries  are acceptable  dependent  on customer  requirements  and manufacturer  specifications. 
The examples showed in Table 4 and t able 5 are given to demonstrat e proper interpretation of the standard' 
Granulometries are not only restricted to the two examples  of Table 6 and Table 7.  
Table 4  — Example 1:425 -90 microns  
Sieves ISO 565 R 40/3 , 
µm Cumulative retained mass , 
% 
500 0 to 2  
425 0 to 10  
250 20 to 60  
150 60 to 95  
90 95 to 100  
 
Table 5— Example 2:600 -125 microns  
Sieves ISO 565  R 40/3 , 
µm Cumulative retained mass  
% 
710 0 to 2  
600 0 to 10  
355 30 to 70  
212 70 to 100  
125 95 to 100  
 
4.1.3.3.6 The granulometry of the antiskid aggregates shall be determin ed in accordance with  ISO 2591 -1 
4.1.3.4  Dangerous substances  
When t ested in accordance to Annex G each element (As, Pb, sb) shall be separately classified into one of 
the following two classes:  
Class 0: no value requested.  
Class 1: < 200 ppm (mg/kg) . 
4.1.5 Durability aspects - Resistance to chemicals: water, hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride 
andsodium sulphide  
When tested in accordance to Annex H, the glass beads shall not develop any surface haze or dulling when in 
contact with water or any of the follo wing chemicals: hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride and sodium sulphide . DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  5 
 4.1.3.4  Durability aspects — Resistance to fragmentation (friability)  
Resistance to fragmentation is indicated by the friability index.  
The friability index of non -transparent antis kid aggregates shall be determined in accordance with Annex F  
and the maximum value of the friability index shall be declared.  
The compliance with the durability test is presumed to retain the performances stated for the requirements.  
4.2 Transparent antis kid aggregates  
4.2.1  Specific requirement s 
4.2.2.2 pH value  
When tested in accordance to  ISO 787-9 the  pH value shall be not less than 5 and not greater than 11.  
4.2.2  Granulometry  
Granulometry is the measure of the size gradation of a collection of grain s. 
The granulometry of the transparent antiskid aggregates shall be described giving the minimum and the 
maximum percentages, by mass, of the cumulative retained particles on metal wire cloth test sieves ISO 
565:1990 - sizes R 40/3 - using the test sieving  procedure defined in ISO 2591 -1. 
Granulometry of transparent antiskid aggregates shall be described by selecting sieves in accordance with the 
following rules (see also Table 6): 
a) the upper safety sieve shall retain 0 % to 2 % of the total mass of the anti skid aggregates.  
b) the upper nominal sieve shall retain 0 %o lo 10  o/o of the antiskid aggregates.  
c) if necessary, intermediate sieves shall be added to limit the ratio between the nominal sizes of 
openings of two successive sie ves to a maximum of 1.7: 1 . 
d) for each of the intermediate sieves, the range by mass between the minimum N1 % and the maximum 
N2 % of the cumulative retained percentages shall be not more than 40 % (N 2 - N1 < 40).  
e) the lower nominal sieve shall retain 95 % to 100 %  of the @ antiskid aggrega tes. 
Table 6  — Example 1:600 -125 microns  
Sieves ISO 656  R 40/3  Cumulative retained mass,  
% 
Upper safety  0 to 2  
Upper nominal  0 to 10  
Intermediate  N1 to N2 
Lower nominal  95 to 100  
Lower safety  99 to 100  
 
The range of possible granulometries is defined  in this clause and by Table 6 above.  DEAS 999:2019  
6 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Many  granulometries  are acceptable  dependent  on customer  requirements  and manufacturer  specifications. 
The examples showed in Table 7 and Table 8  are given to de monstrate proper interpretation . 
 Table 7  — Example 3:71 0-150 microns  
Sieves ISO 656 R 40/3  Cumulative retained mass,  
% 
1 mm  0 to 2  
710 µm 0 to 10  
425 µm 5 to 25  
250 µm 40 to 80  
150 µm 95 to 100  
90 µm 99 to 100  
 
Table 8  — Example 4:1000 -150 microns  
Sieves ISO 656  R 40/3  Cumulative retained mass,  
% 
1.18 mm 0 to 2  
1 mm 0 to 10  
600 µm 10 to 50  
355 µm 50 to 80  
212 µm 85 to 100  
150 µm 95 to 100  
90 µm  99 to 100  
 
The granulometry of the antiskid aggregates shall be determined in accordance with  ISO 2591 -1 
4..2.3 Dangerous substances  
When tested in accord ance to Annex G each element (As, Pb, sb) shall be separately classified into one of 
the following two classes:  
Class 0: no value requested;  
Class 1: < 200 ppm (mg/kg)  
4.2.4 Durability aspects — Resistance to fragmentation (friability)  
Resistance to fragme ntation is indicated by the friability index.  
The friability index of non -transparent antiskid aggregates shall be determined in accordance with annex F  
and the maximum value of the friability index shall be declared.  
The compliance with the durability tes t is presumed to retain the performances stated for the requirements.  DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  7 
 4.3 Non transparent antiskid aggregate  
4.3.1  pH value  
When tested in accord ance to  ISO 787-9 the pH value shall be not less than 5 and not greater than 11.  
4.3.2  Visibility characterist ics 
4.3.2.1  Chromaticity co -ordinates  
The colour of non transparent antiskid aggregate shall be defined by chromaticity co -ordinates ( X,Y). 
When  tested in accordance to  ISO 7724-2, the chromaticity co -ordinates shall shall lie inside the region 
defined by  the corner points given in Table  9. 
Table 9  — Corner points of the chromaticity regions for non transparent antiskid aggregates  
Corner point No  1 2 3 4 
X 0.355  0.305  0.285  0.335  
Y 0.355  0.305  0.285  0.335  
 
4.3.2.2 Luminance  factor  
When tested in accorda nce to ISO 7724-2 non transparent antiskid aggregate  shall luminance f actor β greater 
than 0. 70. 
4.3.3  Granulometry  
Granulometry is the measure of the size gradation of a collection of grains.  
The granulometry of non transparent antiskid aggregates shall be described giving the minimum and the 
maximum percentages, by mass, of the cumulative retained particles on metal wire cloth test sieves ISO 
565:1990 - sizes R 40/3 - using the test sieving procedure defined in ISO 2591 -1. 
Granulometry of non transparent antiskid aggregates shall be described by selecting sieves in accordance 
with the following rules (see also Table 9):  
a) the upper safety sieve shall retain 0 o/o to 2 % of the total mass of the antiskid aggregates.  
b) the upper nominal sieve shall retain 0 o/o to 10 % of the antiskid aggregates.  
c) if necessary, intermediate sieves shall be added to limit the ratio between the nominal sizes of 
openings of two successive sieves to a maximum of 1.7:  1. 
d) for each of the intermediate sieves, the range by mass between the minimum N 1 % and the maximum 
N2% of the cumulative retained percentages sh all be not more than 40 % (N2 - N1 < 40).  
e) the lower nominal sieve shall reta in 95 o/o lo 100 % of the beads.  
f) the lower safety sieve shall retain 99 % to 100 % of the aggregates; this sieve shall not be lower than 
90 u.  DEAS 999:2019  
8 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
  
Table 10  — Selecting sieves for aggr egates  
Sieves ISO 656  R 40/3  Cumulative retained mass,  
% 
Upper safety  0 to 2  
Upper nominal  0 to 10  
Intermediate  N1 to N2 
Lower nominal  95 to 100  
Lower safety  99 to 100  
 
The range of possible granulometries is defined in this clause and by Table 10. 
Many granulometries are acceptable dependent on customer requirements and manufacturer specifications.  
The examples showed in Table 11 and Table 1 2 are given to demonstrate proper interpretation of the 
standard. Granulometries are not only restricted to the  two examples of Table 1 1 and Table 1 2. 
Table 11  — Example 5:710 -150 microns  
Sieves ISO 656  R 40/3  Cumulative retained mass,  
% 
1 mm  0 to 2  
710 µm 0 to 10  
425 µm 5 to 25  
250 µm 40 to 80  
150 µm 95 to 100  
90 µm 99 to 100  
 
Table 12  — Example 6:1000 -150 microns  
Sieves ISO 656 R 40/3  Cumulative retained mass,  
% 
1.18 mm  0 to 2  
1 mm 0 to 10  
600 µm 10 to 50  
355 µm 50 to 80  
212 µm 85 to 100  
150 µm 95 to 100  
90 µm  99 to 100  
 
The granulometry of non transparent antiskid aggregates shall be determined in  accordance with ISO 2591 -1. 
 DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  9 
 4.4 Mixtures of glass beads and antiskid aggregates  
4.4.1  General  
The characteristics of a mixture of glass beads and anti -skid aggregates and their requirements, together with 
their test methods and the way of expression thei r results, shall be determined separately for glass beads and 
antiskid aggregated in the following way:  
a) for glass  beads: according to entire 4.1,  
b) for transparent antiskid aggr egates: according to entire 4.2, or  
c) non transparent antiskid aggregates according  to entire 4.3.  
5 Packaging  
The glass beads, anti -skid aggregates, and the mixture of the two shall be packaged in a suitable container 
that prevents it from deterioration during storage, transportation and normal handling . 
6 Labelling  
6.1 The labelling s hall be either in English, Kiswahili or French or in combination as agreed between the 
manufacturer and  / or the supplier. Any other language is optional.  
6.2 Each container shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the following information.  
a) the words “ glass  beads, anti -skid aggregates, and the mixture of the two ”; 
b) name and address of the manufacturer;  
c) product identification:(commercial name or identification of granulometry) ; 
d) Colour and/or colour ; 
e) date of manufacture ; 
f) presence of surface treatment ; 
g) best before date ; 
h) content of packaging ; 
i) instructions for use, storage disposal and safety requirements; and  
j) batch number.  
8 Sampling  
In order to test glass beads, antiskid aggregates and mixtures of them a representative sample of the material 
to be tested shall  be taken as follows.  
The drop on material sample shall be taken from at least three bags or one Intermediate Bulk Container (lBC).  
 DEAS 999:2019  
10 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
  When M, in kilograms, is the mass of the drop on ma terial to be tested, at least 1. 5 kg of the material shall be 
taken by inserting an appropriate probe in the full height of the certain number  'S' of bags, or inserting the 
probe “S” in the whole height of an I BC. The probe shall be driven to the bottom of the bag, in an upright 
position, or into the IBC containing the materi al to be tested' Another possibility to take a representative 
sample from the S bags is to use a 1/1 splitter'  
Another possibility to take a representative sample from the S bags is to use a 1/1 splitter'  
S is calculated by the formula: S =
150M  ; and it shall be rounded up to the next higher unit'  
A representative sample shall be obtained by mixing the material taken with the S insertions of the probe in 
the bags. The representative  samples  shall 'be split by means of a 1/1 splitter in th e number of samples 
necessary for the tests.  
NOTE  A test probe can be constructed from a tube of 28 mm and 34 mm diameter and 1000mm to 1200 mm length . 
The end of which reaches the bottom of the bag or the IBC should be fitted with a plugging system. After  the penetration of 
the probe to the full depth of the bag or IBC, the plug is inserted and the probe removed. The contents of the probe 
represent a simple of the material to be tested.  
When  sampling  into the IBC, if the test probe  cannot  go to the full de pth of the container,  the following 
alternative method shall be used:  
a) a quantity of 20 kg ±1 kg  shall be removed from the IBC in a bucket;  and 
b) the conten t to the bucket  shall be split by means  of a l/1 splitter the number  of samples  necessary for 
the tests . DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Test method to determine the presence of the moisture proof 
coating  
A.1  Procedure A  
A.1.1   General  
Procedure A shall be used when a quick indication is required  
The percentage of moisture proofed glass beads shall be checked in acco rdance with the following test 
method.  
For this test, 1 ml of glass beads is required, measured using a tube with an inside diameter ranging from 2 
mm to 5 mm and which is graduated in 1/20 ml . 
 
 
 
 
Key 
1 about 1dm2 surface  
2 water  
3 graduated tube   
Figure  A.1 — Funnel  
The glass beads shall be sprinkled from a height of 5 mm onto a roughly  dm2 (± 5%) still water surface lying in 
a funnel equipped with a graduated tube whose inside diameter ranges from 2 mm to 5 mm and which is 
graduated in 1120 ml from its sealed base as showed in Figure A.1.  
 DEAS 999:2019  
12 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Ensure that:  
a) the inner wall of the container above the water is dry;  
b) the surface of the water is still;  and 
c) the glass beads do not fall on top of one another.  
A.1.2   Results  
With V being the volume in milliliters of gl ass beads collected in the tube 5 min after sprinkling, the percentage 
of moisture proofed glass beads is equal to:  
(1-V) x 100 
 DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  13 
 Annex  B 
(normative)  
 
Test method to determine the presence of floatation coating  
B.1  General  
This test method is only valid if  the granulometry of the glass beads is between 300 um and 180 um.  
B.2 Principle  
To determine the presence of floatation coating by estimating the percentage of glass beads floating on the 
surface of xylene or n -heptane.  
B.3 Apparatus and reagents  
The appa ratus necessary to execute the test is described in the following list:  
B.3.1  A watch glass or petri dish , 50 mm to 75 mm in diameter  
B.3.2  A syringe,  pipette or eye dropper  of 5 ml to 20 ml capacity  
B-3.3 Test sieves , conforming w ith the requirements of I SO 565  
B.3.4  Xylene,  of reagent grade  
B.3.5  n-heptane,  of reagent grade  
B.4  Procedure  
a) Sieve out from a representative sample the fraction passing a 300 pm sieve but retained on a 180 pm 
sieve.  
b) Spread a monolayer of glass beads on to the clean watch glas s and, using the syringe; slowly 
introduce the xylene at the edge of the watch glass until the liquid is deep enough to allow the beads 
to float.  
c) Care should be taken to avoid agitation of the glass beads whilst the xylene is being added.  
d) Visually estimat e the percentage of glass beads floating on the surface of the xylene.  
e) Repeat a) and b) using a new sample of glass beads and using n -heptane in place of xylene.  
B.5  Results  
In order to pass the test, the minimum percentage of glass beads floating shall be as in Table B.1. DEAS 999:2019  
14 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
  
 
Table B.1 — Percentages of floating glass beads  
S/N Liquid  Min, % floating  
i.  Xylene  90 
ii.  n-heptane  75 DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  15 
 Annex  C 
(normative)  
 
Test method to determine the refractive index of the glass beads  
 
C.1  General  
The method used to determine th e refractive index of glass beads is immersion with oblique illumination.  
This technique, known as the Shrober van der Kolk method, only applies to isotropic or to mono refracting 
bodies, as is the case where glass beads are concerned.  
C.2  Principle  
Viewe d under the microscope, transparent solids which are immersed in a liquid give an image bounded by 
dark or luminous bands. The appearance will vary, depending upon the difference between the refractive 
indices of the two bodies, according to their dispersi ng capacity and illumination.  
Under axial lighting conditions index differences are perceptible; but they become considerably more 
pronounced under oblique lighting, due to the fact that under such conditions the bands become sharper on 
one side than on th e other. Their position .is determined by the direction of the incident beam and by the 
difference between the index of the solid under examination and that of the liquid in which it is immersed.  
 
 
Key 
cardboard or screen  
dark part of the field  
Figure  C.1 — Shematic diagram showing the technique for determining the refractive index  DEAS 999:2019  
16 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
  
NOTE  The position of the shaded part of the field may be reversed, depending upon the microscope setting. Only the 
position of the screen should therefore be taken into account  
 
Where devices are fitted with an image rectifier (magnifiers and certain microscopes), the phenomenon is 
reversed. lf there is any doubt as to the properties of the device which is being used, a test should be carried 
out with water, since glass beads al ways have a higher refractive index. This will reveal how the phenomenon 
appears.  
When preparing in advance a series of liquids with known indices and immersing the test objects in them one 
after the other, it shall be determined either that there is a liq uid with the same index or that the index for the 
test object falls between the indices for two liquids, one higher and one lower.  
C.3   Apparat us 
The following apparatus  are required: 
C.3.1  Roller  coater — Of size 10 cm to 15 cm 
C.3.2  Commercial  roller  tray 
C.3.3  Test panel  — Burnished mild steel  or tinplate panels  complying with ISO 1514 , placed vertically 
or nearly  vertical ly and rigidly  held to prevent movement  during the test. 
C.4  Test conditions  
 
The test shall be carried out at a temperature of 23 ± 2 0C and a relative  humidity  of 65 ± 2 per cent. 
 
C.5   Procedure 
The procedure shall be as follows: 
a) Satura te the roller with paint  using  the roller  tray. 
b) Remove  the excess  paint  by rolling on the subsidiary  panel.  
c) Apply paint to  
d) Continue steps a) to c) until three quarters of the panel is covered evenly. Noting the ease or 
difficulty  of lapping until the whole panel is coated. Duri ng application, note such properties as 
rolling,  flowing, spreading,  leveling,  bubbling,  dripping, logging  and fly-off. 
e) Allow the film to dry for 24 h and examine the area of lapping and that adjacent for differ ence in 
gloss and/or other defects.  
 DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  17 
 Annex  D 
(normative)  
 
Test method to determine maximum weighted percentage of defective 
glass beads  
D.1  General  
ln a representative sample, the determination of the percentage of the defective of the glass beads shall be 
made using the fraction quantities retained on each sieve after the granulometric analysis carried out in 
conformity with ISO 565 and ISO 2591 -1; the residue of the la st sieving shall not be deemed to constitute a 
fraction. The study of the defects of the glass beads shall be made using an optical device with a 
magnification which results in the glass beads having an apparent diameter of 4 mm to 5 mm in its visual 
field. 
The glass beads collected from a sieve (e.g. 300 pm) shall be homogenized by passing them at least five 
times through a small divider, after which a small sample shall be prepared (approximately 0,5 g), by 
repeated division.  
This sample then passed in it s entirety through a sieve with a mesh size very slightly larger than that of the 
sieve from which the refuse material was collected (e.g. a 500 pm mesh where the refuse material was left 
by a sieve with a 300 pm mesh) on to a transparent adhesive strip wi th a width of 20 mm or less and with a 
length equal to the diameter of the sieve. Any glass beads which are not held on the strip shall be gathered 
and- repositioned until all have been affixed to the adhesive strip. Where there is an excess, a fresh sampl e 
shall be prepared and a fresh adhesive strip shall be made up. lt is recommended that the glass beads be 
laid without rolling them, thus avoiding separation of the spherical glass beads from the remainder.  
The specimen thus prepared shall be examined in the following manner under the optical device. In order to 
make the examination easier, the adhesive strip holding the glass beads may be cut into pieces, all of which 
shall be treated under exactly the same conditions: a) the minimum requirement for asses sment of the 
number of defectives glass beads shall be the observation of 600 glass beads per sieve, obtained from at 
least six different areas spread evenly over the whole surface of the adhesive strip (or the whole collection 
of pieces) on which the glas s beads have been placed: in the case of the sieve associated with the highest 
amount of retained material, the following two additional conditions shall also be fulfilled:  
1) each area shall contain not less than 100 glass beads; where this is not the case,  a number of 
adjoining areas shall be assembled in order to satisfy the criterion;  and 
2) the difference between the highest and the lowest number of defectives glass beads for lhe various 
areas containing no less than 100 glass beads . 
a) A single area or adjoin ing areas which have been assembled) shall not exceed 20 in absolute terms; 
if this criterion cannot be satisfied, another adhesive strip shall be prepared.  
Example  
i. Area 1: 17 defective glass beads in 108 glass beads;  
ii. Area 2: 21 defective glass beads in 11 9 glass beads;  
iii. Area 3: 18 defective glass beads in 103 glass beads;  
iv. Area 4: 23 defective glass beads in 141 glass beads;  DEAS 999:2019  
18 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 v. Area 5: '16 defective glass beads i n 123 glass beads; and  
vi. Area 6: 27 defective glass beads in 106 glass beads  
The range between the ext reme number of defective of glass beads is: 27 - 16 = 11  
b) only those glass beads which are entirely located in the visual field are examined;  
c) first of all, count all the glass beads present in the visual field, and then all the glass beads which 
feature a t least one of the defects referred to in defined in Annex E.  
Where examination is made by screen projection, the glass beads shall be immersed totally in a liquid with a 
refractive index close to that of glass in order to highlight any gas inclusions, amo ngst other defects.  
NOTE  Where direct examination is made using stereoscopic microscopy, it may assist if an eye piece with a grid is 
used and if the areas studied are restricted to about 20 glass beads at a time.  
D.2  Results of counting  
Sieving a represe ntative sample of a glass bead granulometry through its n specific sieves, the total 
weighted percentage of the defective glass beads shall be calculated using the following equation:  
W=
nnn
MMMDMDMDM

2 122 11
  
 
where  
W  is the total  weighted percentage of defective glass beads;  
Mi  is the percentage by mass of the glass beads re tained on each of the n sieves; and  
Di  is the arithmetic mean of the percentage by number of the defective glass beads counted on 
five or more samples prope rly taken from the glass beads retained on each of the n sieves.  
The total weighted percentage of grains and foreign particles shall be calculated in the same manner.  
Results of counting shall be presented in accordance with format of Table D.1.  DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  19 
 Annex  E 
(normative)  
 
Glass beads defects  
E.1  Oval glass beads (see Figure E.1)  
When the ratio of the major diameter D to the minor diameter d is greater than 1.3 (D/d >1.3), the oval glass 
bead shall be considered defective.  
 
Figure E.1 — Oval glass beads  
E.2  Satellites (see Figure E.2)  
When a glass bead supports more than two smaller glass beads, called satellites, or when, in the case of 
two satellites, the ratio of the diameter d of the major of them to the diameter D of the supporting glass bead 
is greater th an 0.25 ( dl D > 0.25), the glass bead shall be considered defective.  
 
 
Figure E.2 — Satellites  
 
E.3  Tear shaped glass beads (see Figure E.3)  
When the ratio of the major dimension L to the minor  dimension / is greater than 1. 3 (LIl>1.3), the glass 
bead sh all be considered defective.  DEAS 999:2019  
20 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 
 
Figure E.3 — Tear shaped glass beads  
E.4  Glass beads fused together (see Figure E.4)  
 
 
 
Figure E.4 — Glass beads fused together  
E.5  Roundish glass beads (see Figure C. 5) 
When the ratio of their major dimension L to the min or dimension / is greater than bead shall be considered 
defective 1.3 (L l l >1.3), the glass  bead shall be considered defective  
 
 
 
Figure E.5 — Roundish glass beads  
E.6  Opaque glass beads (see Figure E .6) 
Opaque glass beads shall always be considered de fective . DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  21 
 
 
Figure E.6 — Opaque glass beads  
E.7  Milky glass beads (see Figure E .7) 
The milky appearance is due to gaseous inclusions in part or in the whole volume of the bead. Milky glass 
beads shall always be considered defective  
 
Figure E.7 — Milky gla ss beads  
E.8  Gas inclusions (see Figure E 8)  
 
Figure E.8 — Gas inclusions  
E.9  Grain s (see Figure E. 9) 
Glass particles which present one or more sharp angles shall be considered defective glass beads  
 DEAS 999:2019  
22 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 Figure E.9 — Grain  
E.10  Foreign particles  
Particles which are not composed of glass, shall be considered defective glass beads  DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  23 
 Annex  F 
(normative)  
 
Test method to determine the friability index of the antiskid aggregates  
F.1  General  
F.1.1   Principle  
The friability index expresses the resistance to fragment ation.  
The test consists of measuring the granulometric variation of aggregates produced in a rotating cylinder 
under strictly defined conditions by a process of fragmentation using a load in the presence of water.  
The representative sample granulometry of  the aggregates shall be: 0.2 mm to 2 mm or 0.2 mm to 4 mm.  
Aggregates finer than 0.2 mm shall not be taken into consideration.  
F.1.2   Friability Index  
The friability index shall be defined by the quantity of material of less than 0.1 mm produced during th e test.  
lf M is the mass of the material subjected to testing and m is the mass of the material of less than 0.1 mm 
produced during the test, the friability index will be, by definition:  
F=100
Mm  
F.2  Apparatus  
F.2.1   Standard apparatus   
The equipment necessary for sampling the material and carrying out the granulometric analysis by sieving 
shall be used, together with a set of sieves at least 200 mm in diameter with opening sizes of 0,1,0,2,12,4 
and 8.  
F.2.2   Special apparatus  
The follo wing special apparatus shall be used to execute the test:  
F.2.2.1  Rotating cylinder (micro -Deval apparatus)  
F.2.2.2  An abrasive load consisting of balls of X30 Cr13 stainless steel with diameters  
 (30 +0.1) mm, and (10± 0.5)  mm 
-0.5 
 
 
 DEAS 999:2019  
24 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 F.3  Material to be tested  
F.3.1   Obtaining the sample  
The mass of the material to be tested shall be at least 2 000 g  
F.3.2   Preparing the sample  
Prepare the sample for testing as follows:  
a) wet sieving of 2 000 g of material; using the sieves 0.2 mm and 2 mm or 0.2 mm and 4 m m to obtain 
the representative fraction (see F.1.1);  
b) dry the material in an oven at 105 ºC until its mass is constant, that is until successive weighing of 
the sample separated by t h do not differ more than 0.1 %;  
c) homogenise and weigh a (500 ±  2) g test sample.  
Prepare the steel balls used for the load as follows:  
1) take nine balls 30 mm diameter the total mass being ( 975 -      50+010) 
2) add 21 balls 18 mm diameter the mass being (490 +10 -50) g, 
3) complete the load, using balls of 1 0 mm diameter so that the t otal mass of the load is (2 500  ± 4) g. 
The load wear shall be checked periodically. The 18 mm and 30 mm balls shall be checked by 
weighing as a whole and replacing those which are most worn, by separate weighing until the load 
is again within the toleranc es. The 10 mm balls shall be controlled per lot of 10; below a 34 g lot 
they shall be replaced by conforming balls.  
F.4  Procedure  
To carry out the test the followin g 8 points shall be executed: Introduce the load into the test cylinder 
arranged with its o pening upward; then insert 500 g of the material prepared in accordance with the 
requireme nts of G.3.1 and G.3.2. Add 2. 5 I of  water and replace the cover. Rotate the cylinder at a speed of 
(100 j 5; min -1 for 1 500 rotations or 15 min. Slowly pour all the  contents of the tray over two superimposed 
sieves of 8 mm (to collect the abrasive load) and of 0.1 mm respectively.  
- wash the whole, using a jet of water, until the water runs clea r then remove the g mm sieve. Dry the 0. 1 
mm sieve in an oven at 105 ºC until the mass is constant. Dry sieve th e oversize material using the 0.1 mm 
sieve. Weigh all  the oversize material on the 0. 1 mm sieve. Let this mass be m.  
F.5  Expression of results  
The mas s m of the material less than 0. 1 mm produced during the test, fro m the initial 500 g is equal  
500- m' (m=500 -m'). 
Therefore the friability index shall be: F s =
5 5001 500100mmx   DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  25 
 Annex  G 
(normative)  
 
Test method to determine the presence  of dangerous substances  
G.1  Reference method  
The reference method to determin e the content of chemical substances in glass beads and in anti -skid 
aggregates shall be inductively coupled plasma, atomic emission spectrometry (ICP -AES) capable of 
measuring parts per million levels of requested elements.  
A representative sample of glas s beads or glass aggregates shall be milled to a fine particle size (< 80 p) 
which helps facilitate complete dissolution using a hydrofluoric acid solution. Once the glass is completely 
dissolved and in solution, analysis of the requested chemical elements  shall be conducted by lCP.  
The appropriate dilution shall be chosen to give results within the range of the standards and optimum 
operation range of the instrument. Where necessary the relevant instrument manuals shall be referred for 
details about each i nstrument.  
The mass of sample used in the digestion and the dilution factors shall be taken into consideration when the 
final results are calculated.  
WARNING:  
1) This is an analytical test procedure and shall be conducted following recognised analytical 
principles.  
2) Dangerous chemical agents shall be used in this process and shall be handled and used following 
the required laboratory standards.  
3) The ICP analysis shall be carried using recognised reference materials traceable to international 
standards. Repeatab ility shall be demonstrated as part of the analysis process.  
The test report shall include the following information:  
a) Clear identification of the sample in term of origin and type, and also consignment or shipping 
details and date of receipt  of consignmen t, as appropriate.  
b) The content of any of the following chemical substances, as the elemental form:  
1) Arsenic;  
2) Lead;  
3) Antimony;  
The classification of each element into one of the following two classes:  
1) Class 0: no value requested;  
2) Class 'l: < 200 ppm (mg/kg);  
Name, address of testing laboratory,  DEAS 999:2019  
26 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 The date on which testing was conducted,  
Reference of this method,  
Details of any deviation from this test method.  DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  27 
 Annex  H 
(normative)  
 
Test methods to determine the resistance of the glass beads to the 
effects of water , hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride and sodium 
sulphide  
H.1  Resistance to the effects of water   
ln a distillation flask fitted with a glass tube at the top, this tube to serve as a reflux condenser' boil 10  g ± 
0.1 g glass beads for 60 min ±10 s of CO 2 free water. After the test objects have been boiled for the required 
period, filter the glass beads, cool the liquid to room temperature and then add two drops of phenolpht halein 
solution as an indicator.  
Using a solution of hydrochloric acid, titrate the  liquid until the phenolphthalein changes colour' A blank test 
shall be carried out in parallel.  
Note any changes which appear in the Surface using microscope enlargement of between 20X and 50X: 
Note also the quantity of HCL used.  
H.2  Resistance to the ef fects of hydrochloric acid  
Immerse 10 g ± 0.1 g of glass beads in 100 ml ± r 0.1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, buffered to give 
a pH of 5.0 to 5.3, for 90 h at a temperature of 20 ºC ± 3 ºC. 
With the help of a microscope with 20x to 50x magnific ation, note any changes which may have appeared 
on the surface after the glass beads have been rinsed in distilled water and dried.  
H.3  Resistance to the effects of calcium chloride  
Immerse 10 g ± 0.1 g of glass beads in 100 ml r 0. 1 ml of a normal soluti on of calcium chloride for 3 h at a 
temperature of 20 ºC ± 3  ºC. 
With the help of a microscope with 20x to 50x magnification note any changes which may have appeared on 
the surface after the glass beads have been rinsed in distilled water and dried.  
H.4  Resistance to the effects of sodium sulphide  
H.4.1   Apparatus and reagents  
H.4.1.1  Microscope,  with minimum magnification  of 10.8.4.1 -2 
H.4.1.2  50 ml bottle , with a glass stopper  
H.4.1.3  Distilled water  
H.4.1.4  A saturated solution of sodium sulphide in dis tilled water at  20 ºC with the addition of 2. 0 % anionic 
wetting agent.  DEAS 999:2019  
28 © EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  
 H.4.2   Procedure  
Take 10 g ± 0.1 g of glass beads from a representative sample.  
Place the glass beads in a stoppered bottle and cover with the solution containing the sodium sulp hide and 
allow to stand for1 h.  
Pour off the solution containing the sodium sulphide and rinse three times with distilled water.  
Dry th e glass beads in an oven at 100 ºC ± 5 ºC and, using the microscope, compare these with an 
untreated sample.  
H.4.3   Results  
When compared with an untreated sample the glass beads shall not be darker.  DEAS 999:2019  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  29 
 Bibliography  
EN 1423 , Road marking materials — Drop on materials — Glass beads, antiskid aggregates and mixtures of 
the two  
 DEAS 999:2019    
 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved