WT/L/1101  
25 November 2020  
(20-8519) Page: 1/9 
General Council  Original: English  
 
  
G20 LEADERS ' DECLARATION  
RIYADH SUMMIT  
21-22 NOVEMBER 2020  
The following communication, dated 23 November 2020, is being circulated at the request of the 
delegation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.  
 
_______________  
 
 
1. We, the G20 Leaders, meeting for the second time under the Saudi Presidency, stand united 
in our co nviction that coordinated global action, solidarity, and multilateral cooperation are more 
necessary today than ever to overcome the current challenges and realize opportunities of the 
21st century for all by empowering people, safeguarding the planet, and  shaping new frontiers. We 
are committed to leading the world in shaping a strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive 
post-COVID -19 era.  
A. Rising to the Challenge Together  
 
2. The COVID -19 pandemic and its unprecedented impact in terms of lives lost, liveli hoods and 
economies affected, is an unparalleled shock that has revealed vulnerabilities in our preparedness 
and response and underscored our common challenges. We reiterate the commitments of our 
Extraordinary Summit on 26 March, welcome the progress achi eved since, and will continue to spare 
no effort to protect lives, provide support with a special focus on the most vulnerable, and put our 
economies back on a path to restoring growth, and protecting and creating jobs for all. We express 
our gratitude to and support for health and other frontline workers as we continue to fight this 
pandemic. We remain determined to support all developing and least developed countries as they 
face the intertwined health, economic, and social effects of COVID -19, recognizin g the specific 
challenges in Africa and small island developing states.  
3. We have mobilized resources to address the immediate financing needs in global health to 
support the research, development, manufacturing, and distribution of safe and effective COVID -19 
diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. We will spare no effort to ensure their affordable and 
equitable access for all people, consistent with members ' commitments to incentivize innovation. In 
this regard, we fully support all collaborative efforts, especially the Access to COVID -19 Tools 
Accelerator (ACT -A) initiative and its COVAX facility, and the voluntary licensing of intellectual 
property. We comm it to addressing the remaining global financing needs, welcome the efforts made 
by the multilateral development banks to strengthen the financial support for countries ' access to 
COVID -19 tools, in line with existing multilateral efforts, and encourage the m to do more. We 
recognize the role of extensive immunization as a global public good.  
4. While the global economy experienced a sharp contraction in 2020 due to the impact of the 
COVID -19 pandemic, global economic activity has partially picked up as our econ omies gradually 
reopened and the positive impact of our significant policy actions started to materialize. However, 
the recovery is uneven, highly uncertain and subject to elevated downside risks, including those 
arising from renewed virus outbreaks in som e economies, with some countries reintroducing 
restrictive health measures. We underscore the urgent need to bring the spread of the virus under 
control, which is key to supporting global economic recovery. We are determined to continue to use 
all availabl e policy tools as long as required to safeguard people 's lives, jobs and incomes, support 
the global economic recovery, and enhance the resilience of the financial system, while safeguarding WT/L/1101  
 
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  against downside risks. We also reaffirm the exchange rate commit ments made by our Finance 
Ministers and Central Bank Governors in March 2018.  
5. We are taking immediate and exceptional measures to address the COVID -19 pandemic and  
its intertwined  health,  social  and economic  impacts, including through the  implementation of  
unprecedented fiscal, monetary and financial stability actions, consistent with governments ' and 
central banks ' respective mandates, while ensuring that the international financial institutions and 
relevant international organizations continue to provide critical support to emerging, developing and 
low-income countries. Based on the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates, our efforts 
to temporarily extend social protection measures have supported the livelihoods of nearly 645 million 
people.  
6. The G20 Action Plan sets out key principles and commitments to drive forward international 
economic cooperation as we navigate this crisis and take steps to support the recovery and achieve 
strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth. Recognizing that members are in different stages 
of responding to the crisis and that the global economic outlook continues to evolve, we endorse the 
October 2020 updates to the G20 Action Plan, which will ensure that we continue to promptly 
respond to the evolving health and economic situation and make the most of ongoing economic, 
social, environmental, technological and demographic changes. We also endorse the second G20 
Action Plan Progress Report, which provides up to date information on progress made against Action 
Plan commitments. The G20 Action Plan is a living document, and we ask our Finance Ministers and 
Central Bank Governors to continue to regularly review, update, track implementation of, and report 
on it. 
7. We are committed to implementing the Debt Service  Suspension  Initiative  (DSSI)  including 
its extension through June 2021, allowing DSSI -eligible countries to suspend official bilateral debt 
service payments. We welcome the progress achieved thus far. The preliminary reporting from the 
International Monetary F und (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG) highlighted that, together with 
exceptional financing, the  DSSI is significantly facilitating higher pandemic -related spending. The 
IMF and WBG will continue to work on their proposal of a process to strengthen the quality and 
consistency  of debt data and improve debt disclosure. We reiterate the importance of joint efforts 
by both borrowers and creditors, official and private, to improve debt transparency. Our Finance 
Ministers and Central Bank Governors will examin e by the time of the 2021 IMF/WBG Spring 
Meetings if the economic and financial situation requires further extension of the DSSI by another 
6 months, which is also agreed by the Paris Club. All official bilateral creditors should implement this 
initiative fully and in a transparent manner. We will continue to closely coordinate its ongoing 
implementation to provide maximum support to DSSI -eligible countries. There is a lack of 
participation from private creditors, and we strongly encourage them to participa te on comparable 
terms when requested by eligible countries. While protecting their current rating and low cost of 
funding, multilateral development banks (MDBs) are encouraged to go further on their collective 
efforts in supporting the DSSI, including thr ough providing net -positive flows to DSSI -eligible 
countries during the  suspension  period, including  the extension  period. As of 13 November 2020, 
46 countries have requested to benefit from the DSSI, amounting  to an estimated USD 5.7 billion 
of 2020 debt service deferral.  
8. Given the scale of the COVID -19 crisis, the significant debt vulnerabilities and deteriorating 
outlook in many low -income countries, we recognize that debt treatments beyond the DSSI may be 
required on a case -by-case basis. In this c ontext, we endorse the "Common  Framework for Debt 
Treatments beyond the DSSI ", which is also endorsed by the  Paris Club. 
9. Our ongoing response to the crisis caused by COVID -19 marks a defining moment in our 
history. Building on the benefits of our interconn ectedness, we will address the vulnerabilities 
revealed by this crisis, take the necessary steps to recover stronger, and work to ensure that future 
generations are safer than we have been.  
B. Building a Resilient and Long -Lasting Recovery  
 
10. Health : We comm it to advancing global pandemic preparedness, prevention, detection, and 
response. We reaffirm our commitment to full compliance with the  International Health Regulations 
(IHR 2005), to improving their implementation, including through supporting capacitie s of countries 
in need, and to the continued sharing of timely, transparent, and standardized data and information. 
We emphasize the important mandates of the United Nations ' system and agencies, primarily WT/L/1101  
 
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  the WHO, while considering the ongoing evaluations , its stated commitment to transparency,  and 
the need to strengthen its overall effectiveness, in coordinating and supporting the global response 
to the pandemic and the central efforts of Member States. We take note of the assessments of gaps 
in pandemic preparedness undertaken by relevant international organizations and we look forward 
to the work of the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response and the IHR Review 
Committee on evaluating the  global health response to the pandemic a s outlined in the World Health 
Assembly (WHA) Resolution on COVID -19. We commend the Saudi Presidency for initiating 
discussions on the need for long -term solutions to address gaps in global pandemic preparedness 
and response, including its proposal toward s establishing access to pandemic tools, and we  look 
forward to furthering this discussion during the Italian  Presidency.  
11. Well-functioning, value -based, inclusive, and resilient health systems are critical to move 
towards achieving Universal Health Coverag e (UHC). We reconfirm the importance of UHC financing 
in developing countries. We welcome the establishment of the Global Innovation Hub for Improving 
Value in Health, with which countries can engage on a voluntary basis. We will continue tackling 
antimicr obial resistance (AMR) and zoonotic diseases based on the One -Health approach; supporting 
and accelerating research and development (R&D) of new antimicrobials; ensuring access to existing 
antimicrobials, while enhancing their prudent stewardship; and main taining our efforts in tackling 
infectious and non -communicable diseases.  
12. Trade and Investment : Supporting the multilateral trading system is now as important as 
ever. We strive to realize the goal of a free, fair, inclusive, non -discriminatory, transparen t, 
predictable, and stable trade and investment environment, and to keep our markets open. We will 
continue to work to ensure a level playing field to foster an enabling business environment. We 
endorse the G20 Actions to Support World Trade and Investment  in Response to COVID -19. We 
recognize the contribution that the Riyadh Initiative on the Future of the World Trade Organization 
(WTO) has made by providing an additional opportunity to discuss and reaffirm the objectives and 
foundational principles of the  multilateral trading system as well as to demonstrate our ongoing 
political support for the necessary reform of the WTO, including in the lead up to the 12th WTO 
Ministerial  Conference. We recognize the need to increase the sustainability and resilience o f 
national, regional, and global supply chains that foster the sustainable integration of developing and 
least developed countries into the trading system, and share the objective of promoting inclusive 
economic growth including through increased participa tion of micro -, small -, medium -sized 
enterprises (MSMEs) in international trade and investment. We note that structural problems in 
some sectors, such as excess capacities, can cause a negative impact.  
13. Transportation and Travel : We commit to ensuring that global transportation routes and 
supply chains remain open, safe, and secure, and that any restrictive measures related to COVID -
19, including for air and sea crews, are targeted, proportionate, transparent, temporary, and in 
accordance with obligations un der international agreements. We will continue to explore concrete 
ways to facilitate the movement of people in a way that does not impede our efforts to protect public  
health.  
14. International Financial Architecture : We reiterate our commitment to ensure a s tronger 
global financial safety net with a strong, quota -based, and adequately resourced IMF at its center. 
We remain committed to revisiting the adequacy of quotas and will continue the process of IMF 
governance reform under the 16th general review of quo tas, including a new quota formula as a 
guide, by 15 December 2023. We call on the IMF to continue exploring additional tools that could 
serve its members ' needs as the crisis evolves,  drawing on relevant experiences from previous 
crises. We also support t he IMF's enhanced assistance to help address particular challenges faced 
by small  developing  states. Beyond the crisis response, we call on the IMF to prepare an analysis of 
the external financing needs in low income developing countries in the coming years and sustainable 
financing options, and on the WBG, to scale up its work and deploy instruments in new ways to 
mobilize private financing to these countries. We welcome the G20 Reference Framework for 
Effective Country Platforms and the country -owned pilot platforms that have been deployed and look 
forward to further updates by MDBs on progress in this area. We will strengthen long -term financial 
resilience and support growth, including through promoting sustainable  capital flows and developing 
domestic capital  markets.  
15. Infrastructure Investment : Infrastructure is a driver of growth and prosperity and is critical 
to promoting economic recovery and resilience. We endorse the G20 Riyadh InfraTech Agenda, which 
promotes the use of technology in infr astructure, with the aim of improving investment decisions, WT/L/1101  
 
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  enhancing value for money, and promoting quality infrastructure investments for the delivery of 
better social, economic and environmental outcomes. In line with the G20 Roadmap for 
Infrastructure as an Asset Class, we welcome the G20/OECD Report on the Collaboration with 
Institutional Investors and Asset Managers on Infrastructure Investment, which reflects investors ' 
view on issues and challenges affecting private investment in infrastructure and presents policy 
options to address them. We look forward to exploring options to continue this work in a flexible 
manner and without duplications with other initiatives, with the participation of interested MDBs and 
international organizations. We will adv ance the work related to the G20 Principles for Quality 
Infrastructure Investment.  
16. Financial  Sector  Issues : We commit to the Financial Stability Board (FSB) 's principles  
underpinning the national and international responses to COVID -19, including the need to act 
consistently with international standards, and ask the FSB to continue monitoring financial sector 
vulnerabilities, working on procyclicality and credit worthiness, and coordinating on regulatory and 
supervisory measures. We welcome the FSB 's holist ic review of the March 2020 turmoil, and its 
forward work plan to improve the resilience of the non -bank financial sector. The pandemic has 
reaffirmed the need to enhance global cross -border payment arrangements to facilitate cheaper, 
faster, more inclusiv e and more transparent payment transactions, including for remittances. We 
endorse the G20 Roadmap to Enhance Cross -Border Payments. We ask the FSB, in coordination with 
international organizations and standard -setting bodies, to monitor the progress, revi ew the 
roadmap and annually report to the G20. We look forward to the FSB completing the evaluation of 
the effects of the too -big-to-fail reforms in 2021. Moreover, we reaffirm the importance of orderly 
transition away from LIBOR to alternative reference r ates before end -2021. Mobilizing sustainable 
finance and strengthening financial inclusion are important for global growth and stability. The FSB 
is continuing to examine the financial stability implications of climate change. We welcome growing 
private se ctor participation and transparency in these areas.  
17. While responsible technological innovations can deliver significant benefits to the financial 
system and the broader economy, we are closely monitoring developments and remain vigilant to 
existing and eme rging risks. No so -called 'global stablecoins ' should commence operation until all 
relevant legal, regulatory and oversight requirements are adequately addressed through appropriate 
design and by adhering to applicable standards. We welcome the reports on the so -called 'global 
stablecoins ' and other similar arrangements submitted by the FSB, the Financial Action Task Force 
(FATF) and the IMF. We look forward to the standard setting bodies engaging in the review of existing 
standards in light of these report s and making adjustments as needed. We look forward to the IMF 's 
further work on macro -financial implications of digital currencies and so -called 'global stablecoins '. 
18. We support the Anti -Money Laundering (AML)/Counter -Terrorist Financing (CFT) policy 
responses detailed in FATF 's paper on COVID -19, and reaffirm our support for the FATF, as the global 
standard -setting body for preventing and combating money  laundering,  terrorist financing and 
proliferation financing. We reiterate our strong commitment to tac kle all sources, techniques and 
channels of these threats. We reaffirm our commitment to strengthening the FATF 's Global Network 
of regional bodies, including by supporting their expertise in mutual evaluations, and call for the full, 
effective and swift implementation of the FATF standards worldwide. We welcome the strengthening 
of the FATF standards to enhance global efforts to counter proliferation  financing.  
19. Digital Economy : Connectivity, digital technologies, and policies have played a key role in 
strengthening our response to the pandemic and facilitating the continuation of economic activity. 
We take note of the Policy Options to Support Digitalization of Business Models during COVID -19. 
We acknowledge that universal, secure, and affordable con nectivity, is a fundamental enabler for 
the digital economy as well as a catalyst for inclusive growth, innovation and sustainable 
development. We acknowledge the importance of data free flow with trust and cross -border data 
flows. We reaffirm the role of data for development.  We support fostering an open,  fair, and non-
discriminatory  environment, and protecting and empowering consumers, while addressing the 
challenges related to privacy, data protection, intellectual property rights, and security. By 
continuing to address these challenges, in accordance with relevant applicable legal frameworks, we 
can further facilitate data free flow and strengthen consumer and business trust. We recognize the 
importance of working with stakeholders to connect humanity by  accelerating global internet 
penetration and bridging digital divides. We recognize the importance of promoting security in the 
digital economy and welcome the G20 Examples of Practices Related to Security in the Digital 
Economy. We will continue to promo te multi -stakeholder discussions to advance innovation and a 
human -centered approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI), taking note of the Examples of National WT/L/1101  
 
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  Policies to Advance the G20 AI Principles. We welcome both the G20 Smart Mobility Practices, as a 
contribution to the well -being and resilience of smart cities and communities, and the G20 Roadmap 
toward a Common Framework for Measuring the Digital Economy.  
20. International Taxation : We will continue our cooperation for a globally fair, sustainable, 
and m odern international tax system. We welcome the Reports on the Blueprints for Pillar 1 and 
Pillar 2 approved for public release by the G20/OECD Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit 
Shifting (BEPS). Building on this solid basis, we remain committed  to further progress on both pillars 
and urge the G20/OECD Inclusive Framework on BEPS to address the remaining issues with a view 
to reaching a global and consensus -based solution by mid -2021. We welcome the report approved 
by the G20/OECD Inclusive Frame work on BEPS on the tax policy implications of virtual currencies. 
We welcome the progress made on implementing the internationally agreed tax transparency 
standards and on the established automatic exchange of information. We will continue our support 
to developing countries in strengthening their tax capacity to build sustainable tax revenue bases.  
21. Anti-corruption : We will continue to lead by example in the global fight  against  corruption. 
In this regard, we welcome the first G20 Anti -Corruption Ministeri al Meeting. We will continue to 
promote global integrity in response to the pandemic, and we endorse the G20 Call to Action on 
Corruption and COVID -19. We commit to taking and promoting  a multi -stakeholder approach, 
including with international organizatio ns, the civil society, the media, and the private sector, to 
preventing and combating corruption. We welcome the Riyadh Initiative for Enhancing International 
Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement Cooperation. We endorse the G20 Action on International 
Cooperati on on Corruption and Economic Crimes, Offenders and the Recovery of Stolen Assets. We 
welcome  the reformed approach to the G20 Anti -corruption Accountability Report, and endorse G20 
High-Level Principles for: the Development and Implementation of National Anti-Corruption 
Strategies; Promoting Public Sector Integrity Through the Use of Information and Communications 
Technologies; and Promoting Integrity in Privatization and Public -Private Partnerships. We will 
demonstrate concrete efforts by 2021 towards cri minalizing foreign bribery and enforcing foreign 
bribery legislation in line with article 16 of UNCAC, and with a view to possible adherence by all G20 
countries to the Organisation for Economic Co -operation and Development (OECD) Anti -Bribery 
Convention. We welcome Saudi Arabia joining the  OECD Working Group on  Bribery.  
C. Ensuring an Inclusive Recovery that Tackles Inequalities  
 
22. Sustainable Development : The social and economic impact of the pandemic makes it even 
more urgent to accelerate efforts to end poverty and tackle inequalities and work to ensure that no -
one is left behind. We endorse the G20 Support to COVID -19 Response and Recovery in Developing 
Countries, the G20 Guidelines on Quality Infrastructure for Regional Connectivity, and the Financi ng 
for Sustainable Development Framework. We remain resolved to play a leading role in contributing 
to the timely implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Addis Ababa 
Action Agenda. Building on the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 A genda for Sustainable Development, 
the Riyadh Update, with its new Accountability Framework, underscores the collective and concrete 
actions of the G20 contributing to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable 
Development Goals. We are dete rmined to support African countries in overcoming the crisis, 
including by exploring more sustainable financing options for growth in Africa. We reiterate our 
continued support for the G20 Initiative on Supporting the Industrialization in Africa and LDCs, G20 
Africa Partnership and the Compact with Africa, and other relevant initiatives. We remain committed 
to addressing illicit financial flows.  
23. Access to Opportunities : This crisis continues to have disproportionate economic and social 
impact on the most vu lnerable segments of society, reinforcing the need to enhance access to 
opportunities for all. We will continue our efforts to reduce inequalities, reaffirming our previous 
commitments to promote inclusive growth. We endorse the G20 Menu of Policy Options to Enhance 
Access to Opportunities for All that can be leveraged to support the immediate response to the 
COVID -19 pandemic and move towards a strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive recovery. We 
also endorse the G20 High -level Policy Guidelines on Dig ital Financial Inclusion for Youth, Women, 
and SMEs prepared by the Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI). We welcome the 2020 
G20 Financial Inclusion Action Plan, which will guide the work of the GPFI for the next three years.  WT/L/1101  
 
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  24. Employment : Tackling the devastating impact of the pandemic on labor markets remains our 
priority as millions of workers continue to face job and income loss. We recognize the importance of 
protecting and promoting decent jobs for all, especially for women  and youth. We support access to 
comprehensive, robust, and adaptive social protection for all, including those in the informal 
economy, and endorse the use of the Policy Options for Adapting Social Protection to Reflect the 
Changing Patterns of Work. We r ecognize the importance of employment policies and programs in 
supporting job  creation,  and promote the use of social dialogue. We will continue to support workers 
through training and reskilling policies. We acknowledge the report from the ILO and the OEC D on 
the Impact of COVID -19 on Global Labor Markets. We endorse the G20 Youth Roadmap 2025  in 
support of achieving the G20 Antalya Youth Goal to reduce the share of young people who are at 
most risk of being permanently left behind in the labor market by  15 per cent by 2025. We call upon 
the ILO and the OECD to continue monitoring these matters. We  will continue our efforts to eradicate 
child labor, forced labor, human trafficking, and modern slavery in the world of work.  
25. Women 's Empowerment : As many women have been disproportionately affected by the 
crisis, we will work to ensure that the pandemic does not widen gender inequalities  and undermine 
the progress made in recent decades. Recalling relevant UN declarations, processes, and calls to 
action to empowe r women and girls, we reaffirm the importance  of women 's and girls ' empowerment 
as a cross -cutting issue in all aspects of our policies and recognize that women are a key driver of 
economic growth. We will continue to promote gender equality, as well as co mbat stereotypes, 
reduce pay gaps,  and address  the unequal distribution of unpaid work and care responsibilities 
between men and women. We will step up our efforts towards achieving the Brisbane  Goal to reduce  
the gap in labor force participation between m en and women by 25 per  cent by 2025 along  with 
improving the quality of women 's employment; we call on ILO and OECD to continue providing input 
to support our progress; and look forward to a roadmap under the next Presidency. We will take 
steps to remove t he barriers to women 's economic participation and entrepreneurship. We welcome 
the commencement, under the Saudi Presidency, of the Private Sector Alliance for the Empowerment 
and Progression of Women 's Economic Representation  (EMPOWER)  for women 's advancement in 
leadership positions.  
26. Education : We have taken actions to mitigate the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic on 
education. We stress the importance of continuity of education in times of crisis through the 
implementation of measures to ensure safe  in-person learning, effective quality distance and 
blended teaching and learning, as appropriate. Inclusive, equitable and quality education for all, 
especially for girls, remains key to unlocking a brighter future and fighting inequalities. It is the 
foundation of personal development as it provides children, youth, and adults with the knowledge, 
skills, values, and attitudes necessary to reach their full potential. We affirm the importance of 
improving the accessibility and affordability of the quality e arly childhood education, and building 
and retaining a qualified workforce. We recognize the value of fostering internationalization in 
education, while respecting national and sub -national laws, rules and policies.  
27. Tourism : We will continue our efforts in  collaboration with stakeholders, including the private 
sector, to facilitate the travel and tourism sector 's recovery from the pandemic. We welcome the 
Tourism Community Initiative as a catalyst of sector recovery, including the creative economy. We 
endor se the G20 Guidelines for Inclusive Community Development through Tourism and encourage 
the use of the AlUla Framework for Inclusive Community Development Through Tourism that aim to 
create jobs, empower local communities, especially rural, safeguard the p lanet, and preserve cultural 
heritage. We also endorse the G20 Guidelines for Action on Safe and Seamless Travel and welcome 
the establishment of the G20 Tourism Working Group.  
28. Migration and Forced Displacement : We emphasize the importance of shared action s to: 
mitigate the impact of the pandemic on those in vulnerable situations, which may include refugees, 
migrants and forcibly displaced people; respond to growing humanitarian needs; and address the 
root causes of displacement. We note the 2020 Annual Int ernational Migration and Forced 
Displacement Trends and Policies Report to the G20 prepared by the OECD in cooperation with ILO, 
International Organization for Migration (IOM) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 
(UNHCR). We will continue the dialogue on the various dimensions of these issues in the G20 . WT/L/1101  
 
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  D. Ensuring a Sustainable Future  
 
29. Environment, Energy, Climate : Preventing environmental degradation, conserving, 
sustainably using and restoring biodiversity, preserving our oceans, promoting clean air and clean 
water, responding to natural disasters and extreme weather events, and tackling climate change are 
among the most pressing challenges of our time. As we recover from the pandemic, we are 
committed to safeguarding our planet and building  a more environmentally sustainable and inclusive 
future for all people.  
30. We strengthen our resolve to conserve our marine and terrestrial environment in advance of 
the upcoming Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). 
We launch the Global Coral Reef R&D Accelerator Platform to conserve coral reefs and the Global 
Initiative on Reducing Land Degradation and Enhancing Conservation of Terrestrial Habitats to 
prevent, halt, and reverse land degradation. Buil ding on existing initiatives, we share the ambition 
to achieve a 50 per  cent reduction of degraded land by 2040, on a voluntary basis. We reaffirm our 
commitment to reduce additional pollution by marine plastic litter, as articulated by the Osaka Blue 
Ocean Vision, and to end illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing.  
31. We stress our continued resolve to ensure a stable and uninterrupted supply of energy to 
achieve economic growth as we respond to the challenges brought about by the pandemic. We 
recognize the importance of expediting universal access, relying on innovation across fuels and 
technology options, to affordable and reliable energy for all, in accordance with national 
circumstances, including ensuring access to clean cooking and electricity. In t his regard, we 
recognize the importance of utilizing the widest variety of fuels and technology options, according 
to national context, and leading energy transitions to realize the "3E+S" (Energy Security, Economic 
Efficiency, and Environment + Safety). W e acknowledge the importance of maintaining undisrupted 
flows of energy and exploring paths to enhanced energy security and markets stability, while 
promoting open, competitive, and free international energy markets. We endorse the G20 Initiative 
on Clean Cooking and Energy Access and G20 Energy Security and Markets Stability Cooperation. 
We welcome the measures and recommendations of the Energy Focus Group (EFG), as endorsed by 
the Energy Ministers party to the EFG, to rebalance the energy markets and cont inue short and long -
term investments. We reaffirm our joint commitment on medium term rationalization and phasing -
out of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, while providing targeted 
support for the poorest.  
32. We endorse the  Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) Platform, with its 4Rs framework (Reduce, 
Reuse, Recycle and Remove), recognizing the key importance and ambition of reducing emissions, 
taking into account system efficiency and national circumstances. The CCE is a voluntary , holistic, 
integrated, inclusive, pragmatic, and complementary approach to promote economic growth while 
enhancing environmental stewardship through managing emissions in all sectors including, but not 
limited to, energy, industry, mobility, and food. We acknowledge, in this context, the various 
voluntary opportunities and their acceleration highlighted by the CCE Guide. We acknowledge the 
Presidency Reports of the Climate Stewardship Working Group that can be utilized as a toolbox in 
addressing  sustainabi lity including  climate  change  in the context  of national  circumstances. We also 
acknowledge the importance of fostering synergies between adaptation and mitigation, including 
through nature -based solutions and ecosystem -based approaches.  
33. In advance of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP26 
in Glasgow and the UNCBD COP15 in Kunming, we reiterate our support for tackling pressing 
environmental challenges, such as climate change and biodiversity loss, as we promote economic 
growth, energy security and access for all, and environmental protection. Signatories to the Paris 
Agreement who confirmed at Osaka their determination to implement it, once again, reaffirm their 
commitment to its full implementation, reflecting common but d ifferentiated responsibilities and 
respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. These signatories recall the 
request by COP21 to communicate or update their nationally determined contributions reflecting 
their highest possible  ambition, in accordance with their obligations under the Paris Agreement, 
taking into account means of implementation; and emphasize the importance of providing and 
mobilizing a wide variety of financial resources, to assist developing countries in their adaptation 
and mitigation efforts, in accordance with the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, reaffirming the 
importance of international cooperation. In addition, these signatories reiterate the invitation to 
communicate by 2020 long -term low greenhouse gas e mission development strategies. These 
signatories recall the commitment made by developed countries to a goal of mobilizing jointly WT/L/1101  
 
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  USD 100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries. All G20 members 
also continue to support effo rts and utilize all available approaches aimed at advancing 
environmental stewardship for future generations, and emphasize that further global efforts are 
needed to address these challenges, while maintaining healthy economies conducive to growth, 
decent jobs, and innovation.  
34. Agriculture : We reaffirm our commitment to tackling the challenges in food security and 
nutrition, as well as reinforcing the efficiency, resilience, and sustainability of food and agriculture 
supply -chains, especially in light of the  effects of the pandemic. A significant increase in responsible 
investment in agriculture and food systems is needed to meet the challenge of feeding the global 
population and we endorse the G20 Riyadh Statement to Enhance Implementation of Responsible 
Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems. We acknowledge the goal of voluntarily establishing 
intermediate country -specific targets to strengthen efforts towards halving global per capita food 
loss and waste by 2030.  
35. Water : We acknowledge that affordable, r eliable, and safe water, sanitation, and hygiene 
services are essential for human life and that access to clean water is critical to overcome the 
pandemic. We welcome the G20 Dialogue on Water as a basis to share best practices and promote 
innovation, and new technologies, on a voluntary basis, that will foster sustainable, resilient, and 
integrated water management.  
36. We value the efforts to safeguard people 's health through the postponement of major public 
events. As a symbol of humanity 's resilience and gl obal unity in overcoming COVID -19, we commend 
Japan 's determination to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 next year. We further 
commend the United Arab Emirates ' resolve to host World Expo 2020 next year. We look forward to 
the Beijing Winter  Olympics in 2022.  
37. We thank the international organizations for their valuable input through their reports and 
technical advice. We commemorate the 75th anniversary of the United Nations. We express our 
appreciation for the valuable work undertaken by the G20 Engagement Groups.  
38. We thank Saudi Arabia for hosting a successful Riyadh Summit and its contribution to the G20 
process. We look forward to our next  meetings in Italy in 2021, Indonesia in 2022, India in 2023 
and Brazil in 2024.  
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  ANNEX  
Extraordinary G20 Leaders ' Statement – 26 March  
 
G20 Ministerial Declarations, Communiqués, and Statements : 
 
1. 1st G20 Finance Ministers ' and Central Bank Governors ' Communiqué – 23 February  
2. Extraordinary G20 Finance Ministers ' and Central Bank Governors ' Statement – 6 March  
3. 1st Extraordinary G20 Trade and Investment Ministers ' Statement – 30 March  
4. Extraordinary G20 Energy Ministers ' Statement – 10 April 
5. 2nd G20 Finance Ministers ' and Central Bank Governors ' Communiqué – 15 April 
6. Extraordinary G20 Agriculture Ministers ' Statemen t – 21 April 
7. Extraordinary G20 Labor and Employment Ministers ' Statement – 23 April 
8. Extraordinary G20 Tourism Ministers ' Statement – 24 April 
9. Extraordinary G20 Digital Economy Ministers ' Statement – 30 April 
10. 2nd Extraordinary G20 Trade and Investment Minis ters' Statement – 14 May 
11. Extraordinary G20 Education Ministers ' Statement – 27 June 
12. 3rd G20 Finance Ministers ' and Central Bank Governors ' Communiqué – 18 July 
13. G20 Digital Economy Ministers ' Declaration – 22 July 
14. G20 Education Ministers ' Communiqué – 5 September  
15. G20 Labour and Employment Ministers ' Declaration – 10 September  
16. G20 Joint Finance and Health Ministers ' Statement – 17 September  
17. G20 Trade and Investment Ministers ' Communiqué – 22 September  
18. G20 Energy Ministers ' Communiqué – 28 September  
19. G20 Tourism Ministers ' Communiqué – 7 October  
20. 4th G20 Finance Ministers ' and Central Bank Governors ' Communiqué – 14 October  
21. G20 Anti -Corruption Ministers ' Communiqué – 22 October  
22. Extraordinary G20 Finance Ministers ' and Central Bank Governors ' Statement - 13 November  
23. G20 Agriculture and Water Ministers ' Communiqué – 22 November  
24. G20 Health Ministers ' Communiqué – 22 November  
25. G20 Environment Ministers ' Communiqué – 22 November  
 
Other Documents : 
 
1. Second G20 Action Plan – Supporting the Global Economy Through the COVID -19 Pandemic: 
Progress Report  
2. Presidency Report: Adaptation in the Context of the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) Platform  
3. Presidency Report: Managing Emissions in the Context of the Circular Carbon Economy (CC E) 
Platform  
4. G20 Support to COVID -19 Response and Recovery in Developing Countries  
5. G20 Guidelines on Quality Infrastructure for Regional  Connectivity  
6. Financing for Sustainable Development Framework  
7. 2020 Annual Update on G20 Development Commitments and the Riyadh Update on the G20 
Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development  
8. A Statement of the Presidency on the Republic of Turkey's Position  
 
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