WT/CTE/EDB/ 22 
 
14 March 2024  
(24-2323) Page: 1/22 
Committee on Trade and Environment    
 
 
ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASE FOR 2022  
NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT1 
1. The WTO Environmental Database (EDB)  is prepared in response to a recommendation in the 
1996 Report of the Committee on Trade and Environment ( WT/CTE/1 ) for the Secretariat to compile 
and update annually all environment -related notifications to the WTO.2,3  
2. In October 2018, a web -based EDB appli cation was developed. The web -based EDB is available 
through the WTO website: https://www.wto.org/edb  or through the URL address: 
https://edb.wto.o rg/.4  
3. In 2022, there w ere 768 environment -related notifications with 1,349 distinct 
environment -related measures. In addition, there were 1,364  environment -related entries   
drawn from  the 15 Trade  Policy Reviews (TPRs)  presented to the Trade Policy Review  Body  
in 2022. The full data set for 2022 can be accessed at:    
https://edb.wto.org/search?field_year%5B%5D=2 022&search_api_fulltext=&field_ics_hs_code= .   
4. This note is a summary report of the underlying data contained in the EDB. It  covers 
information on: (i) environment -related measures notified under  WTO Agreements and notification 
obligations (Section 1); (ii) environment -related measures mentioned in TPRs  (Section  2); and 
(iii) EDB data for topic -specific analysis with a focus on the forestry sector (Section 3) . 
_______________  
  
 
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice to 
the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO.  
2 Previous Environmental Database  Report s have been circulated in the following documents: EDB 1996 
in WT/CTE/W/46 , EDB 1997 in WT/CTE/W/77 , EDB 1998 in WT/CTE/W/118 , EDB  1999 in WT/CTE/W/143 , 
EDB 2000 in WT/CTE/W/195 , EDB 2001 in WT/CTE/EDB/1 , EDB 2002 in WT/CTE/EDB/2 , EDB 2003 in 
WT/CTE/EDB/3 , EDB 2004 in WT/CTE/EDB/4 , EDB 2005 in WT/CTE/EDB/5 , EDB 2006 in WT/CTE/EDB/6 , 
EDB 2007 in WT/CTE/ED B/7, EDB 2008 in WT/CTE/EDB/8 , EDB 2009 in WT/CTE/EDB/9  and 
WT/CTE/EDB/9/ Add.1 , EDB 2010 in  WT/CTE/EDB/10  and WT/CTE/EDB/10/ Add.1 , EDB 2011 in  WT/CTE/EDB/11  
and WT/CTE/EDB/11/ Add.1 , EDB 2012 in  WT/CTE/EDB/12  and WT/CTE/EDB/12/ Add.1 , EDB 2013 
in WT/CTE/EDB/13  and WT/CTE/EDB/13/ Add.1 , EDB 2014 in  WT/CTE/EDB/14  and WT/CTE/EDB/14/ Add.1 , EDB 
2015 in  WT/CTE/EDB/15  and WT/CTE/EDB/15/ Add.1 , EDB 2016 in  WT/CTE/EDB/16  and WT/CTE/EDB/16/ Add.1  
EDB 2017  in WT/CTE/EDB/17 , EDB 2018 in WT/CTE/EDB/18 , EDB 2019 in WT/CTE/EDB/19 , EDB 2020 in 
WT/CTE/EDB/20  and WT/CTE/EDB/20/ Corr.1 , and EDB 2021 in WT/CTE/EDB/21 . 
3 The list of key words is contained in Annex I to this document. See also the following documents 
containing information on search words: WT/CTE/W/46 , WT/CTE/W/78  and WT/CTE/W/102 . The search strings 
and key words are for EDB data collect ion/entry purposes only. They do not constitute any legal interpretation 
and are without prejudice to the positions of WTO Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO.  
4 Users are invited to access EDB directly from the web -based application w hich contains data from 2009 
onwards . More data will be uploaded to the database as and when ready.  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS  
1   WTO NOTIFICATIONS  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3 
2   INFORMATION CONTAINED IN TRADE POLICY REVIEWS  ................................ ............  9 
3   EDB DATA FO R TOPIC -SPECIFIC ANALYSIS  ................................ ...............................  13 
3.1   EDB environment -related objectives covering the forestry sect or ................................ ..... 14 
3.2   WTO Members with forestry sector measures in the EDB  ................................ ................  15 
3.3   WTO Agreements and types of forestry measures in the EDB  ................................ ..........  15 
3.4   Forestry coverage in the TPR entries of the EDB  ................................ ............................  16 
4   ANNEXES  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  18 
Annex I – EDB Keywords  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 18 
Annex II – Number of Environment -related Notifications (1997 – 2022)  ................................ ... 19 
Annex III – EDB Harmonized Categories  ................................ ................................ ..............  21 
TABLE OF CHARTS  
Chart 1.1 - Environment -related Notifications (1997 –2022)  ................................ ....................  3 
Chart 1.2 - Environment -related Notifications by Members (2022)  ................................ ...........  4 
Chart 1.3 - Environment -related Notifications and Measures (2009 -2022)  ................................ . 5 
Chart 1.4 - Environment -related Notifications and Measures by Agreement (2022)  .....................  6 
Chart 1.5 - Types of Environment -related Objectives identified in the EDB (2022)  ......................  7 
Chart 1.6 - Type of Measures identified in the EDB (2022)  ................................ ......................  8 
Chart 1.7 - Type of Sectors identified in the EDB (2022)  ................................ .........................  9 
Chart 2.1 - Types of Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (2021)  .........................  13 
Chart 3.1 - Environment -related measures affecting the forestry sector (2013 -2022)  ................  14 
Chart 3.2 - Environment -related measures in forestry sector by objective (2013 -2022)  ..............  14 
Chart 3.3 - Top 10 WTO Members with measures in the forestry sector (2013 -2022)  .................  15 
Chart 3.4 - Environment -related measures covering the forestry sector by WTO Agreement 
(2013 -2022)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  15 
Chart 3.5 - TPR entries covering the forestry sector in the EDB (2013 – 2022)  ..........................  16 
Chart 3.6 - Top 10 WTO Members with TPR entries in the forestry sector (2013 – 2022)  ............  17 
TABLE OF TABLES  
Table 3.1 - Top 10 types of measures covering the forestry sector in the EDB  ...........................  16 
Table 4.1 – Harmonized Categories of environment -related objectives (25)  ..............................  21 
Table 4.2 - Harmonized Categories of type of measures (31)  ................................ ..................  21 
Table 4.3 - Harmonized Categories of sectors subject to the measure (11)  ...............................  22 
 
_______________  
 
  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
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  1  WTO NOTIFICATIONS  
1.1.  In 2022, of the 5,959 notifications submitted by WTO Members5, 768 notifications were 
environment -related. Since 1 997, there has been a marked increase in the number of environment -
related notifications submitted to the WTO  albeit with year -on-year fluctuations (see Chart 1.1).   
Chart 1.1 - Environment -related Notifications (1997 –2022)  
 
 
1.2.  Environment -related notifications have been submitted by WTO Members from all regions of 
the world and at all levels of development (Chart 1.2). Ninety -eight WTO Members submitted 
notifications of environmen t-related measures, with the United States (106 notifications), the 
European Union ( 71), Brazil ( 65), Rwanda ( 51), and Kenya (28) notifying the highest number of 
environment -related notifications in 2022.  
 
5 This number includes regular notifications, as well as addenda, corrigenda and revisions, except in the 
case of TBT and SPS notifications where addenda an d corrigenda are not covered.  
8.1%11.3%
9.2%10.7%
7.8%11.3%
9.8%10.8% 10.8%14.7%
13.5% 13.4%14.5%
13.1%15.5%16.6%17.5%
14.6% 14.6%15.4%15.9%15.7%
14.2%16.7%18.9%
12.9%
165211
182245
186281
247
244311357
353395480
450468561620
551
499575602663
666827931
768
0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 202201002003004005006007008009001000
Proportion of Environment-related Notifications Total Environment-related NotificationsWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
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  Chart 1.2 - Environment -related Notifications by Members (2022)  
 
106
71
65
51
28
27
26
23
23
20
19
19
18
18
16
16
16
14
14
13
12
12
11
11
10
10
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1United States of America
European Union
Brazil
Rwanda
Kenya
Uganda
Australia
United Arab Emirates
Tanzania
Ukraine
China
Burundi
Korea, Republic of
Japan
United Kingdom
Chinese Taipei
New Zealand
Thailand
Botswana
Hong Kong, China
Indonesia
Tajikistan
Chile
France
Canada
Switzerland
Egypt
Israel
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
Iceland
Cambodia
Macao, China
Philippines
Viet Nam
El Salvador
India
Colombia
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Kuwait, the State of
Costa Rica
Liechtenstein
Singapore
Uruguay
Argentina
Mauritius
Norway
Malaysia
Türkiye
Denmark
Pakistan
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
Mexico
Slovenia
Paraguay
Georgia
Mali
Panama
Dominican Republic
Tonga
Kazakhstan
Solomon Islands
Brunei Darussalam
Italy
Moldova, Republic of
Mozambique
Nicaragua
Peru
Seychelles
Spain
Trinidad and Tobago
Nepal
Cuba
Malta
Hungary
Russian Federation
Cameroon
Luxembourg
Albania
Bulgaria
Djibouti
Ecuador
Eswatini
Finland
Ghana
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica
Madagascar
Mongolia
Netherlands
Niger
Oman
Poland
Qatar
Sweden
The Gambia
Vanuatu
YemenWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
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  1.3.  Chart 1.3 tracks the total number of environment -related notifications and the total number of 
environment -related measures contained in them.6 There are year -on-year fluctuations, but the 
overall trend suggests a steady increase in both environment -related notifications and measures 
over the period 2009 to 2022.  In 2022, there were 1,349  environment -related measures drawn 
from 768 environment -related notifications.7   
Chart 1.3 - Environment -related Notifications and Measures (2009 -2022)  
 
  
 
6 Some notifications cover multiple measures in a single notification such as notifications pursuant to the 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, the Agreement on Agriculture, and the Agreement on Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures, among others. For these notifications, the various environment -related measures are 
broken down and each one is reported separately in the database . 
7 The fluctuation can be partly explained by measures reported in WTO Members' subsidy notifications.  
Under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, WTO Members notify on a biennial basis , i.e. 
once every two years, resulting in some  year-on-year variation s in the environment -related notifications and 
measures. See G/SCM/M/30 , para. 6 and G/SCM/M/46 , para. 43.  
480 450 468561620551499575 602663 666827931
768829
6801143
945119612761349
11761492
13631764
13912250
1349
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Environment related notifications Environment related measuresWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
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1.4.  Chart 1.4 illustrates the incidence of environment -related notifications and measures across  
the WTO Agreements in 2022.8 As in previous years, the TBT Agreement has the highest number of 
environment -related notifications ( 456), accounting for nearly 60% of all WTO environment -related 
notifications in 2022. Environment -related measures were also found across the notifications  under 
the SPS Agreement ( 135 notifications) ,9 the Agreement on Agriculture ( 59), the Agreement on 
Import Licensing Procedures ( 48), and notifications of Quantitative Restrictions  (29).10  
Chart 1.4 - Environment -related Notifications and Measures by Agreement (2022)  
 
  
 
8 In 2022, environment -related notifications were identified under the following WTO Agreements  or 
notification requirements : Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT); Agreement on the Application of 
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures  (SPS); Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM); 
Agreement on Agriculture (AG);  Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures (ILP); Agreement on Safeguards 
(SG); Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994 (State Trad ing Enterprises (STR) ); 
Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV of the GATT 1994 (Regional Trade Agreements  (RTAs)); 
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); Decision on Notification Procedures for Quantitative Restrictions 
(QRs); Agreeme nt on Trade -Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) ; Government Procurement Agreement (GPA);  
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT (Anti -Dumping Agreement (ADP) ); Agreement on Trade -
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); Agreement on Rules of Origin (RO) ; and the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement (TFA).  
9 SPS food safety measures are usually not included in the database. However,  since 2020, some Members, 
while noti fying pesticides and household chemicals, noted that their own standards may differ from Codex 
standards due to varying environmental factors  and these notifications have been included in the EDB .  
10 In 2022, no environment -related notifications were submi tted under the following WTO Agreements  or 
notification requirements : Agreement on Pre -shipment Inspection (PSI) ; Agreement on Implementation of Article 
VII of the GATT 1994 (Customs Valuation (VAL)); Informa tion Technology Agreement (ITA); Understanding o n 
the Balance -of-Payments (BOP) Provisions of GAT T 1994; and Other notification provisions such as preferential 
trade agreements notified to the Committee on Trade and Development.  
456
135
59
48
29
12
8
7
5
4
3
2
2
2
2
1456
135
264
172
217
38
46
7
5
4
3
3
3
2
2
1TBT Agreement
SPS Agreement
Agreement on Agriculture
ILP Agreement
Quantitative Restrictions
Trade Facilitation Agreement
SCM Agreement
GATS
Regional Trade Agreements
GPA
TRIMS Agreement
Agreement on Safeguards
Anti-Dumping Agreement
TRIPS Agreement
State Trading Enterprises
Agreement on Rules of Origin
Environment-related Notifications Environment-related MeasuresWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
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1.5.  In terms of environment -related measures in 2022, the TBT Agreement reported the highest 
number of measures with 456 environment -related measures, followed by the Agreement on 
Agriculture ( 264), Quantitative Restrictions (217) , the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures  
(172),  and the SPS Agreement with 135 environment -related measures . 
1.6.  The environment -related measures mentioned in the 2022 notific ations addressed a range of 
environmental objectives (see Chart 1.5). Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances management 
(26.4%), Multilateral Environmental Agrement s (MEAs)  implementation and compliance  (16.8%), 
animal protection  (10.8%), waste managemen t and recycling  (10%), and sustainable agriculture 
management (9.6%) were among the most common objectives covered in the 2022 EDB notified 
measures . 
Chart 1.5 - Types of Environment -related Objectives11 identified in the EDB (2022)12 
 
 
  
 
11 See Annex III for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measure s, objectives or sectors.  
12 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be mentioned in a notified measure, 
the total number may exceed 100 %. 
356, 26.4%
226, 16.8%
146, 10.8%
135, 10.0%
129, 9.6%
122, 9.0%
102, 7.6%
101, 7.5%
96, 7.1%
96, 7.1%
82, 6.1%
79, 5.9%
74, 5.5%
72, 5.3%
69, 5.1%
65, 4.8%
64, 4.7%
56, 4.2%
49, 3.6%
48, 3.6%
30, 2.2%
24, 1.8%
16, 1.2%
12, 0.9%
4, 0.3%Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances management
MEAs implementation and compliance
Animal protection
Waste management and recycling
Sustainable agriculture management
Energy conservation and efficiency
Other environmental risks mitigation
Plant protection
General environmental protection
Biodiversity and ecosystem
Natural resources conservation
Air pollution reduction
Climate change mitigation and adaptation
Ozone layer protection
Sustainable and environmentally friendly production
Environmental protection from pests and diseases
Water management and conservation
Sustainable forestry management
Sustainable fisheries management
Soil management and conservation
Alternative and renewable energy
Environmentally friendly consumption
Environmental goods and services promotion
Afforestation/reforestation
Sustainable mining managementWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
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1.7.  In terms of types of measure (see Chart 1.6), technical regulation or specifications  accounted 
for the largest share in the notified measures  in 2022 (40.7%), followed by  import licenses ( 19.6%), 
bans/prohibition (15.4%), non-monetary support ( 11%) and grants and direct payments  (9.3%) . 
Chart 1.6 - Type of Measures13 identified in the EDB (2022)14 
 
 
  
 
13 See Annex III for a list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or sectors.  
14 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be mentioned in a notified measure, 
the total number may exceed 100 %. 
549, 40.7%
265, 19.6%
208, 15.4%
148, 11.0%
126, 9.3%
125, 9.3%
112, 8.3%
35, 2.6%
21, 1.6%
19, 1.4%
18, 1.3%
14, 1.0%
10, 0.7%
8, 0.6%
7, 0.5%
7, 0.5%
5, 0.4%
5, 0.4%
4, 0.3%
3, 0.2%
3, 0.2%
3, 0.2%
2, 0.1%
2, 0.1%
2, 0.1%
1, 0.07%
1, 0.07%Technical regulation or specifications
Import licences
Ban/Prohibition
Non-monetary support
Grants and direct payments
Conformity assessment procedures
Export licences
Regulation affecting movement or transit
Loans and financing
Risk assessment
Tax concessions
Other support measures
Import quotas
Export quotas
Other environmental requirements
Environmental provisions in trade agreements
Other measures
Income or price support
Public procurement
Quarantine requirements
Investment measures
Internal taxes
Import tariffs
Intellectual property measures
Export tariffs
Safeguard measure / investigation
Anti-dumping measure / investigationWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
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1.8.  In the sectoral analysis (Chart 1.7), the sector that was most frequently associated with 
environment -related measures in 2022 was agriculture accounting for 35% of all the identified 
measures, followed by manufacturing ( 29.8%) and chemicals ( 24.2%). Secto rs such as wildlife or 
waste are captured under the heading "Other" which accounted for 19% of the total measures.  
Chart 1.7 - Type of Sectors15 identified in the EDB (2022)16 
 
 
1.9.  Further infographics, charts, and the full set of EDB notification data can be accessed from the 
EDB online  interface available through the WTO website:  https://www.wto.org/edb .  
2  INFO RMATION CONTAINED IN TRADE POLICY REVIEWS   
2.1.  The EDB covers information on the environment -related policies, measures or programmes 
contained in the Secretariat and Government TPR reports. Fifteen TPRs were considered by the Trade 
Policy Review Body in 2022,  namely (in alphabetical order): Barbados, Brazil, Djibouti, Georgia, 
Ghana, Guyana, Mexico, Moldova, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Seychelles, Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein, United Arab Emirates, and the United States of America.  
2.2.  There were 1,364 entries  with references to environment -related policies, measures , or sectors 
in these TPRs.17 The environment -related TPR entries are reported under the headings: trade policy 
framework; trade policies and practices by measure; and trade policies by sector. In g eneral, trade 
policy framework entries include information on government environmental policies, plans, 
programmes and investment policies. Environment -related trade policies and practices by measure 
include environmental requirements and quantitative rest rictions  (e.g. technical regulation or 
specifications, conformity assessment procedures, import/export licences, bans and prohibitions); 
price and market -based measures (e.g. import/export tariffs, import/export quotas, and internal 
taxes); and support mea sures (e.g. grants and direct payments, loans and financing, tax 
concessions, non -monetary support measures, income or price support, and public procurement). 
The environment -related sectors mentioned in the 2022 TPRs include agriculture, chemicals, energy , 
fisheries, forestry, manufacturing, mining, services, and others.  
2.3.  The TPR of Barbados18 includes 41 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include the goal to be the first 100% green and fossil fuel free island -
state in the world;  and the environmental aspects and provisions in the Free Trade Agreement 
between the Caribbean Forum (CARIFORUM) States and the United Kingdom. On environment -
related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia , import duty concessions for organic farming; and 
the COVID -19 relief provided with the Barbados Employment an d Sustainable Transformation (BEST) 
Programme for the re -engagement of workers in the tourism sector. In the sectoral analysis, 
examples of the TPR entries include the Barbados National Energy Policy 2019 –2030, which sets out 
a target  of 100 % renewable ene rgy and carbon neutrality by 2030 with feed -in tariffs and incentives 
 
15 See Annex III for a  list of the harmonized categories by types of measures, objectives or sectors.  
16 Since more than one environmental objective /measure/sector  can be mentioned in a notified measure, 
the total number may exceed 100 %. 
17 The number of environment -related TPR entries corresponds to the number of environment -related 
policies, measures or sector specific programmes mentioned in the Secretariat or Government TPR Reports.  
18 WT/TPR/G/431  and WT/TPR/S/431/Rev.1 . 
472, 35.0%
402, 29.8%
327, 24.2%
256, 19.0%
65, 4.8%
55, 4.1%
43, 3.2%
15, 1.1%
8, 0.6%
7, 0.5%
6, 0.4%Agriculture
Manufacturing
Chemicals
Other
Fisheries
Forestry
Energy
Not specified
All products/economic activities
Services
MiningWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 10 - 
 
  for renewable energy to reach the goal; the promotion of sustainable agricultural production like 
agroforestry and hydroponics under the Farmers' Empowerment and Enfranchisement Drive (F EED) 
programme; and the fishing policy reform to better protect marine environments.  
2.4.  The TPR of Brazil19 includes 107 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include a ction to strengthen trade relations with traditional partners 
and open new markets for Brazilian products through the negotiation and conclusion o f trade 
agreements covering tariffs but also aspects such as sustainable development ; and Brazil's 
announcement to become a co -sponsor of the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured 
Discussions (TESSD) at MC12 .  On environment -related measures, t he TPR entries cover , inter alia ,  
Brazil's  ratification of the Nagoya Protocol under the Convention on Biological Diversity; mutual 
recognition agreements with the Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes 
(PEFC) and the Global Partnersh ip for Good Agricultural Practice (Global GAP); and environmental 
provisions in Brazil's  public procurement law. In the sectoral analysis, examples of the TPR entries 
include incentives for sustainable agricultural production; the advancement of Brazil's  National 
Mining Plan 2030 to promote sustainable development in the mining sector; and the promotion of 
biodiesel use to reduce greenhouse gas  (GHG)  emissions.  
2.5.  The TPR of Djibouti20 includes 50 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framew ork entries in the TPR include development of renewable and alternative energy prioritised 
by the Djibouti SDG Investor Map and the strategy paper "Vision Djibouti 2035 ". On environment -
related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia , the export licensing scheme and import quotas 
pursuant to Djibouti's commitments under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered 
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora  (CITES ) and the Montreal Protocol; excise  duties applied on 
biodegradable plastic bags ; and the import prohibition of non -biodegradable plastic bags, all wild 
species, and certain (specified) ozone -depleting substances. Regarding the sectoral analysis, TPR 
entries describe Djibouti's  new Fisheries Code for the sustainable management of fisheri es resources , 
conservation of marine ecosystems and biodiversity, and combat ting illegal, unreported and 
unregulated (IUU) fishing.  
2.6.  The TPR of Georgia21 includes 68 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR incl ude the entry into force of Georgia's  Free Trade Agreement with 
Hong Kong, China with provisions on trade and environment. On environment -related measures, the 
TPR entries cover , inter alia , the regulation on the labelling of genetically modified organisms ; import 
restrictions on hazardous substances and wastes; and subsidies for the management of protected 
areas. In the sectoral analysis, examples of the TPR entries include the implementation of a new 
Forest Code in Georgia to establish sustainable silvicu lture; eco -tourism financing; and the promotion 
of renewable energy to reduce emissions and improve national energy security.  
2.7.  The TPR of Ghana22 includes 55 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include Ghan a's commitment to continue engaging in the fisheries 
subsidies negotiations to meet Target 14.6 of the SDGs; and new laws and regulations adopted on 
Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) and Timber Resource Management and 
Legality Licensing Regulations. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia , 
the environmental tax and pollution levy on imports; tariff exemption schemes for solar, wind and 
thermal generating sets, solar cells and panels; control or restrictions on t rade under CITES, the 
Montreal Protocol, and the Basel Convention on Hazardous Waste. Regarding environment -related 
trade policies by sector, TPR entries include: Ghana's priority to improve fisheries governance to 
combat illegal fishing practices; Forestr y Development Master Plan 2016 -2036, and Forest Plantation 
Strategy; and the Renewable Energy Act of 2011, intended to create an enabling environment for 
attracting private sector investment in the renewable energy sector.  
2.8.  The TPR of Guyana23 includes 47 e nvironment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include the investment incentives for biofuels and the use of renewable 
energy for electricity generation; the integration of Guyana's rainforest into global carbon credi t 
scheme within the proposed Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) 
mechanism. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover , inter alia ,  the VAT exemption 
for renewable energy use; an  environmental levy for beverages sold in non -returnable containers ; 
 
19 WT/TPR/G/432  and WT/TPR/S/432/Rev.1  
20 WT/TPR/G/430/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/430/Rev.1  
21 WT/TPR/G/420  and WT/TPR/S/420/Rev.1  
22 WT/TPR/G/427  and WT/TPR/S/427/Rev.1  
23 WT/TPR/G/422/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/422/Rev.1  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 11 - 
 
  and the promotion of green technologies in Guyana through a Green Business Technology Fund. In 
the sectoral analysis, examples of the TPR entries include the expansion of Guyana's hydroel ectricity 
generation projects; the collection of data to formulate more sustainable forestry policy; and tax 
exemptions for machinery, equipment, or components used to generate renewable energy for 
agricultural production.  
2.9.  The TPR of Mexico24 includes 74 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include the coverage of environment in the Free Trade Agreement 
between Mexico, the United States and Canada; Mexico's participation in the T ESSD ; and recognition 
of the  role of international trade and trade policies for facilitating the transition to a green economy. 
On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia, import prohibitions for animal 
conservation and implementation of MEAs; and the export p rohibition of totoaba and turtle eggs for 
environmental conservation reasons. In the sectoral analysis, examples of the TPR entries include 
the new legislation in the agriculture sector - Law on Sustainable Rural Development , Law on Organic 
Products and La w on Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms; the promotion of clean energy 
through clean energy certificates (CEL) and setting up clean energy generation targets  in Mexico ; 
and the promotion of train  usage to reduce economic and environmental costs.  
2.10.  The TPR of the Republic of Moldova25 includes 64 environment -related entries. Examples of 
the trade policy framework entries in the TPR include the long -term strategic objectives set under 
the National Development Strategy "Moldova 2030" to develop a sustai nable and inclusive economy; 
Moldova's participation in the Structured Discussions on Trade and Environmental Sustainability, and 
on Fossil Fuels Subsidies Reform. On environment -related measures, TPR entries cover, inter alia, 
the Environmental Pollution Levy, concerning packaging materials, electric/electronic products, 
chemical and petrochemical products, and motor vehicles; the guiding principles of government 
procurement in Moldova include non -discrimination and the protection of the environment; and t he 
export ban on indigenous raw wood and semi -fabricated wood articles imposed on the grounds of 
environmental protection and prevention of deforestation. In the sectoral analysis, TPR entries 
include: Moldova's  National Strategy for Agricultural and Rural  Development 2022 -2027 to develop 
a competitive, environmentally friendly and climate resilient agro -food sector; and the Government's 
aims to diversify the energy mix with more renewable energy  for the period 2020 -30. 
2.11.  The TPR of New Zealand26 includes 132  environment -related entries. Examples of the trade 
policy framework entries in the TPR include New Zealand as a leading proponent of phasing out and 
eliminating environmentally harmful subsidies, including the reform of agricultural, fisheries and 
fossil fuel subsidies; and the Climate Change Commission formed in 2019, to set New Zealand's 
climate targets. On environment -related measures, TPR entries cover, inter alia, New Zealand 
Upgrade Programme (NZUP) investment to modernize infrastructure, prepare for  climate change, 
and help grow the economy; Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Act 2019 with 
the commitment to reduce biogenic methane levels by 2050; and subsidy schemes that aim to 
promote sustainable economic development and environmental s ustainability. In the sectoral 
analysis, TPR entries include New Zealand's Primary Sector Climate Action Partnership to equip 
farmers to measure, manage, and reduce on -farm agricultural GHG emissions  and enhance the 
sector's resilience to climate change; a nd "Hydrogen Vision" to harness New Zealand's hydrogen 
potential as a clean alternative to hydrocarbons in the pursuit of decarbonization.  
2.12.  The TPR of Pakistan27 includes 65 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in the TPR include the issuance of the country's first ever green bond of USD 500 
million in May 2021; and Pakistan as a beneficiary of the European Union's Generalised Scheme of 
Preferences Plus (GSP+) arrangement aiming to support sustainable development and go od 
governance. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover , inter alia,  the implementation 
of the Climate Change Act 2017 to systemize initiatives to build climate resiliency; Pakistan Biosafety 
Rules 2005 which govern requirements for genetical ly and living modified organisms and the 
country's ratification of the Cartagena Protocol of Biosafety. In the sectoral analysis, examples of the 
TPR entries include the promotion of alternate and renewable energy production and consumption; 
the funding of  water conservation projects; and export prohibitions on essential agricultural products 
like wheat due to severe climatic events  in Pakistan .  
 
24 WT/TPR/G/429  and WT/TPR/S/429/Rev.1  
25 WT/TPR/G/428  and WT/TPR/S/428/Rev.1   
26 WT/TPR/G/426  and WT/TPR /S/426/Rev.1  
27 WT/TPR/G/424  and WT/TPR/S/424/Rev.1  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 12 - 
 
  2.13.  The TPR of Panama28 includes 70 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade policy 
framework entries in t he TPR include Panama's support for initiatives to remove distortions in 
agriculture and fisheries. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover , inter alia,  an 
export levy on wood from natural forests; and tax exemptions for enterprises offering  environmental 
services in free zones. In the sectoral analysis, examples of the TPR entries include the diversification 
of the energy mix; the implementation of Panama's  National Climate Change Plan to reduce carbon 
emissions by adopting sustainable pract ices for the agricultural sector; and registration fee discounts 
for shipping vessels that comply with environmental standards.  
2.14.  The TPR of Seychelles29 includes 116 environment -related entries. Examples of the trade 
policy framework entries in the TPR incl ude the launch of the National Climate Change Policy in 2020 
to develop a sustainable blue economy. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover , 
inter alia,  environmental levies on ozone -depleting substances and plastics; and rebates to 
encourag e the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficient products. In the sectoral analysis, 
examples of the TPR entries include the issuance of the world's first sovereign blue bond to promote 
a sustainable fisheries sector; a moratorium on the constructio n of large hotels to reduce carbon 
footprint; and the formulation of a new forestry policy in Seychelles to monitor sustainable forest 
management with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).  
2.15.  The TPR of Switzerland and Liechtenstein30 includes 158 environment -related entries. 
Examples of the trade policy framework entries in the TPR include regional trade agreements 
concluded between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) which includes both Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein and trading  partners like the Republic of Korea, Tunisia, and Peru, all of which include 
provisions on the environment. On environment -related measures, the TPR entries cover , inter alia,  
amendments to the Swiss Federal Law on Public Procurement to emphasize s ustainability; tax relief 
for biofuels that meet standards in both Switzerland and Liechtenstein; and the use of the CO2 levy 
revenues for the implementation of environmental policy in Liechtenstein. In the sectoral analysis, 
examples of the TPR entries in clude the adoption of a new Energy Strategy 2030 to increase the use 
of renewable energy in Liechtenstein; the issuance of a new financial services sector strategy in 
Switzerland to promote sustainable investment; and the organic agriculture regulation in both 
Switzerland and Liechtenstein.  
2.16.  The TPR of the United Arab Emirates31 (UAE) includes 95 environment -related entries. 
Examples of the trade policy framework entries in the TPR include the adoption of a "UAE Circular 
Economy Policy", a comprehensive fram ework for identifying circular economy priorities and green 
economy methodology; and the Hydrogen Leadership Roadmap announced by the UAE as a 
comprehensive national blueprint to support domestic, low carbon industries. On environment -
related measures, the  TPR entries cover, inter alia, energy efficiency labels required for household 
electrical products; and a price preference of 10 % for public procurement granted to green 
companies and green goods and services produced in the UAE. In the sectoral analysis,  examples of 
the TPR entries include the UAE National Energy Strategy 2050 to diversify the UAE's energy sources; 
and the National Framework Statement for Sustainable Fisheries (2019 -2030) with guidance on 
achieving sustainable fisheries by pursuing manage ment best practices.  
2.17.  The TPR of the United States of America32 includes 222 environment -related entries. Examples 
of the trade policy framework entries in the TPR include the formation of a National Climate Task 
Force to mobilize action on climate change b y all US federal agencies; and ongoing dialogue with 
Free Trade Agreement  partners  on labo ur and environment provisions. On environment -related 
measures, the TPR entries cover, inter alia, the launch  of its Plan to Conserve Global Forests; Federal 
tax cred it programs for the construction of new generation capacity in renewables; and import 
restrictions on shrimp and other fish and fish products caught in the Upper Gulf of California due to 
unsustainable bycatch of vaquita. In the sectoral analysis, the TPR entries include the 2018 Farm 
Act with its Conservation Reserve Program; developing a Climate -Smart Agriculture and Forestry 
(CSAF) strategy; and promotion of sustainable fishing to combat IUU fishing.  
2.18.  To illustrate the range of TPR entries, Chart 2.1  below provides a detailed breakdown of the 
types of environment -related measures reported in the TPRs. Apart from general environmental 
references  and other environmental requirements and support measures , the environment -related 
 
28 WT/TPR/G/421/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/421/Rev.1  
29 WT/TPR/G/433  and WT/TPR/S/433/Rev.1  
30 WT/TPR/G/425  and WT/TPR/S/425/Rev.1  
31 WT/TPR/G/423/Rev.1  and WT/TPR/S/423/Rev.1  
32 WT/TPR/G/434  and WT/TPR/S/434/Rev.1  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 13 - 
 
  measures most frequently mentioned in the TPRs of 202 2 include ban/prohibition (8.7%), 
environmental provisions in trade agreements (7.3%), technical regulation or specifications (6.7%), 
import licences (5.7%), and conformity asse ssment procedures (4.3%).     
Chart 2.1 - Types of Environment -related Measures Mentioned in TPRs (2021)  
 
 
3  EDB DATA FOR TOPIC -SPECIFIC ANALYSIS  
3.1.  Building on previous EDB presentations and the feedback received from Members at the 
CTE33,Section 3 in the 2022 EDB report focuses on forestry and provides an illustration of the 
notifications and TPR data available in the EDB for thematic or topic -specific analysis.  
3.2.  Data on forestry is presented in the report - using a 10 year period  from 2013 to 2022, for 
analysis. For forestry, the database search functionalities34 can be used to filter data by sector 
(Forestry), environment -related objectives ( afforestation/ reforestation; sustainable Forestry 
management), or by keywords (forest). Forest sector data drawn from the EDB notifications, as well 
as the EDB forest sector data in the TPRs, have been analysed by using the "sector" search filter.  
 
33 See WT/CTE/M/67  (pages 16 -17), WT/CTE/M/68  (pages 28 -30), WT/CTE/M/71  (pages 32 -33), 
WT/CTE/M/74  (pages 17 -19), and WT/CTE/M/79  (pages 96-98). 
34 See Annex I for the full list of Keywords and Annex III for the full list of harmonized categories used 
to tag EDB data b y types of measures, objectives, or sectors.  
Other measures , 23.4%
General environmental 
reference , 13.6%
Other support measures , 12.9%
Other environmental 
requirements , 12.1%
Ban/Prohibition , 8.7%Environmental provisions in trade 
agreements , 7.3%Technical regulation or 
specifications , 6.7%Import licences , 5.7%Conformity assessment 
procedures , 4.3%Loans and financing , 4.3%Grants and direct payments , 
4.0%Export licences , 3.6%Tax concessions , 3.5%Investment measures , 3.5%Other price and market based 
measures , 3.2%Internal taxes , 3.0%Import tariffs , 1.7%Risk assessment , 1.6%Public procurement , 1.4%Non-monetary support , 1.2%Intellectual property measures , 1.1%Regulation affecting movement or transit , 0.8%Export tariffs , 0.7%Safeguard measure / investigation , 0.6%Import quotas , 0.5%Quarantine requirements , 0.4%
Income or price support , 0.3%
Not specified , 0.1%
Countervailing measure / investigation , 0.1%
Anti-dumping measure / investigation , 0.1%WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 14 - 
 
  3.3.  Since 2013, WTO Members have notified a total of 672 measures affecting the forest ry sector. 
On average , there have been 67 measures per annum . The minimum -maximum range is between  
38 and 101  notified measures , with year -on-year fluctuations (see Chart 3.1).  
Chart 3.1 - Environment -related measures affecting  the forest ry sector (2013 -2022)  
 
 
3.1  EDB environment -related objectives covering the  forestry  sector  
3.4.  All the notified trade measures included in the EDB are tagged based on their environmental 
objectives, many of which are either directly (Afforestation/ reforestation or Sustainable forestry 
management ) or indirectly (Natural resources conservation, Plant protection) linked to forestry. The 
break -up of e nvironment -related objectives directly linked with forestry , viz. 
Afforestation/ reforestation or Sustainable forestry management  are illustrated in Chart 3.2 .   
Chart 3.2 - Environment -related measures in forestry sector by objective (2013 -2022)  
 
 
 
 
98
70
384780
4488
51101
5567
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Number of Measures Average
164
390Afforestation/reforestation
Sustainable forestry
managementWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 15 - 
 
  3.2  WTO Members with forestry  sector  measures  in the EDB  
3.5.  Between 2013 and 2022, over 60 WTO Members notified environment -related measures that 
affect the forest ry sector. These measures have been notified by WTO Members from all regions of 
the world and at all levels of development. The European Union (EU) and its member States account 
for 170 or about one-fourth of all such notified measures in the EDB. The EU is followed by China 
(58), Peru (53), the United States (33), Canada (32), and Philippines (27) (see Chart 3.3 for top  10). 
There were also 17 measures in the forest ry sector notifi ed by seven  least-developed countries.  
Chart 3.3 - Top 10 WTO Members with measures in the forest ry sector (2013 -2022)  
 
 
3.3  WTO Agreements and types of forestry measures  in the EDB  
3.6.  The f orestry sector has been covered  using a wide variety of trade policy measures or 
instruments. This is evident from the range of notifications across almost every WTO Agreement  or 
notification obligation . However, most of these measures were notified under the Agreement on 
Subsidie s and Countervailing Measures (38.2%), the Agreement on Agriculture (28.9%)  and Import 
Licensing procedures (11%) (Chart 3.4).  
Chart 3.4 - Environment -related measures covering  the forest ry sector by WTO Agreement 
(2013 -2022)  
 
 
170
58
53
33
32
27
24
21
17
17European Union
China
Peru
United States of America
Canada
Philippines
Norway
Iceland
Australia
Costa Rica
257
194
74
70
37
24
4
4
2
1Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
Agreement on Agriculture
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures
Quantitative Restrictions
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures
Agreement on Trade Facilitation
Agreement on Government Procurement
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property…WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 16 - 
 
  3.7.  Table 3.1, drawn from EDB data of notified measures between  2013 and 2022, shows that 
grants and direct payments (43%), followed by import licences (12%) , and non -monetary support 
(11%) were the most common types of trade policy measures or instruments in the forest ry sector.  
Examples of such measures, include the UK's Woodland Investment Grant (TWIG) scheme designed 
to enhance and expand existing woodlands and create new woodlands; Nepal's import licensing 
regime of forest products related to biodiversity and environment protection; Australia 's export 
restriction of unprocessed wood ; Thailand's ban on imports of logs and sawn wood which are made 
of teak trees, rubber trees or forbidden trees to prevent the illegal log ging and conserve natural 
resources; and Panama's tax incentives to support reforestation, among other activities.  
Table 3.1 - Top 10 types of measures covering the forestry sector in the EDB  
Harmonized types of measures  Number of 
measures  Share  
Grants and direct payments  286 43% 
Import licences  83 12% 
Non-monetary support  71 11% 
Ban/Prohibition  64 10% 
Technical regulation or specifications  60 9% 
Not specified  48 7% 
Loans and financing  37 6% 
Export licences  27 4% 
Tax concessions  23 3% 
Conformity assessment procedures  20 3% 
 
3.4  Forestry coverage in the TPR entries of the EDB  
3.8.  Turning to the environment -related data extracted from TPRs, the forest ry sector accounted 
for a total of 572 entries between 2013 and 2022. Although the number of TPR  report s published  
differs over the years35, the trend of entries in forest ry sector each year has shown an upwards trend 
and an average number of TPR entries in the forest ry sector was 57. The record number (95) of 
forest ry sector entries was registered in 2022  (see Chart 3.5).  
Chart 3.5 - TPR entries covering  the forest ry sector in the EDB (2013 – 2022)  
 
 
 
 
 
35 Between 2013 -2022, on average 16 TPR  report s were published each year .  
WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 17 - 
 
  Chart 3.6 - Top 10 WTO Members with TPR entries in the forest ry sector (2013 – 2022)  
 
 
3.9.  During the period, 2013 to 2022, Myanmar has the highest number of TPR entries in the forest ry 
sector, followed by the US A, Norway, Indonesia and Lao PDR (see Chart  3.5). Examples of such 
entries include Myanmar's ban on exports of round logs to preserve its dwindling forest cover; the 
numerous and varied federal laws on forestry containing provisions on forestry management,  
environmental, and trade matters  in the US ; Norway's support schemes for mitigation actions in the 
forest ry sector; Indonesia's commitment to reduce its emissions from deforestation and forest 
degradation through the REDD+ mechanism; and the creation of L ao PDR's F LEGT Standing Office 
in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.  
3.10.  To conclude, the EDB data extracted from the TPRs illustrate the wide array of trade policy 
instruments being increasingly used by WTO Members to support or regulate the forest ry sector. In 
combination with the forestry sector data extracted from the notifications, there is ample information 
available of trade and environmental measures in the forestry sector. The WTO’s EDB, as a 
transparency tool, remains available for fu rther thematic or topic -specific research.  
_______________
43
41
22
21
18
17
14
12
11
11Myanmar
United States of America
Norway
Indonesia
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Mexico
Georgia
Cambodia
Guyana
GhanaWT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 18 - 
 
  4  ANNEXES  
Annex I – EDB Keywords1  
Keywords  
Bio Fish Organic  
Clean  Forest  Ozone  
Climate  Genetic  Plastic 
Conservation  Green  Pollution  
Desertification  Hazardous  Recycle 
Eco Indigenous  Renewable  
Emissions  Labelling  Soil 
Endangered  MEAs  Sustainable  
Energy  Natural disaster  Waste 
Environment  Natural resources  Wildlife  
 
 
1 See also the following documents containing information on search words: WT/CTE/W/46 , WT/CTE/W/78  
and WT/CTE/W/102 .  
  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 19 - Annex II – Number of Environment -related Notifications1 (1997 – 2022 ) 
WTO 
Agreements  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  
TBT 89 (795)  98 (648)  83 (671)  97 (610)  67 (539)  114 (582)  100 (794)  107 (638)  121 (771)  155 (874)  168 
(1032)  238 
(1265)  274 
(1490)  
SPS 8 (286)  21 (296)  12 (402)  26 (402)  25 (621)  47 (610)  50 (687)  57 (612)  105 
(1298)  140 (901)  98 (849)  84 (889)  81 (737)  
SCM 16 (136)  32 (133)  27 (126)  38 (160)  24 (159)  31 (177)  34 (171)  13 (122)  27 (168)  8 (97)  33 (164)  5 (99)  40 (181)  
Agriculture  20 (237)  22 (216)  27 (195)  40 (228)  40 (242)  32 (197)  34 (173)  29 (157)  25 (148)  24 (126)  32 (119)  24 (137)  36 (210)  
Anti-Dumping  4 (109)  1 (133)  3 (133)  0 (127)  0 (134)  1 (166)  2 (155)  3 (134)  0 (127)  0 (112)  0 (118)  0 (134)  0 (157)  
ILP 13 (51)  20 (63)  10 (68)  21 (77)  7 (55)  13 (96)  16 (57)  12 (40)  20 (45)  19 (62)  13 (65)  20 (51)  23 (82)  
Safeguards  0 (42)  1 (47)  0 (99)  1 (110)  1 (137)  1 (170)  1 (147)  3 (75)  1 (80)  0 (86)  0 (59)  0 (73)  0 (171)  
Customs 
Valuation  0 (9) 1 (14) 1 (15)  3 (36)  1 (41)  1 (41)  0 (11)  0 (17)  1 (13)  0 (1) 0 (9) 0 (12)  0 (6) 
State Trading  0 (37)  2 (36)  0 (50)  0 (50)  1 (56)  5 (58)  3 (38)  0 (43)  1 (12)  1 (37)  0 (20)  1 (24)  0 (29)  
RTAs 6 (55)  8 (74)  14 (75)  8 (56)  10 (64)  0 (41)  0 (56)  0 (70)  0 (63) 0 (30)  0 (25)  4 (37)  4 (30)  
TRIPS  0 (172)  1 (106)  3 (69)  5 (333)  6 (236)  16 (225)  5 (147)  7 (251)  2 (59)  2 (38)  3 (72)  7 (139)  2 (84)  
GATS  0 (24)  1 (25)  0 (21)  0 (25)  0 (46)  7 (43)  0 (41)  4 (52)  1 (53)  1 (29)  0 (41)  0 (49)  0 (68)  
QRs 5 (15)  3 (11) 2 (13)  5 (18)  2 (10)  4 (14)  2 (8) 7 (10)  1 (6) 2 (8) 3 (6) 4 (12)  1 (8) 
TRIMs  0 (18)  0 (22)  0 (12)  0 (10)  0 (2) 0 (29)  0 (13)  0 (12)  0 (14)  0 (14)  0 (13)  0 (9) 0 (21)  
BoP Provisions  1 (23)  0 (11)  0 (7) 0 (9) 0 (7) 0 (4) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (9) 
Preshipment 
Inspection  0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 
Rules of Origin  0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (4) 0 (3) 0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (7) 0 (4) 0 (5) 
GPA 2 (7) 0 (14)  0 (9) 0 (19)  2 (14)  9 (21) 0 (8) 1 (11)  5 (11)  4 (10)  3 (8) 8 (14)  18 (29)  
ITA 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Trade Facilitation  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Other 
notifications  1 (5) 0 (5) 0 (3) 1 (8) 0 (6) 0 (4) 0 (3) 1 (7) 1 (3) 1 (2) 0 (5) 0 (8) 1 (4) 
Total Environment  
-related 
Notifications  165 
(2027)  211 
(1861)  182 
(1972)  245 
(2282)  186 
(2376)  281 
(2482)  247 
(2513)  244 
(2256)  311 
(2874)  357 
(2428)  353 
(2613)  395 
(2957)  480 
(3321)  
Share of 
environment  -
related notifications  8.14%  11.3%  9.2%  10.7%  7.8%  11.3%  9.8%  10.8%  10.8%  14.7%  13.5%  13.4%  14.5%  
 
1 Figures in parenthesis represent the total number of notifications submitted by Members under each relevant WTO Agreement. Th is number incl udes regular 
notifications as well as addenda, corrigenda and revisions, except in the case of TBT and SPS notifications, where addenda, c orrigenda and revisions are not covered.   
  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 20 -  
 
2 Based on the feedback from WTO Members, there has been a revision in the nu mber environment -related SPS entries in 2019. The total number of 
environment -related notifications in 2019 has also been revised from 672 to 666 on the EDB platform.  WTO 
Agreements  2010  2011  2012  2013  2014  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2020  2021  2022  
TBT  270 
(1413)  268 
(1216)  353 
(1551)  384 
(1605)  358 
(1558)  305 
(1305)  377 
(1686)  390 
(1827)  483 
(1881)  439 
(2110)  430 
(1987)  556 
(2231)  456 
(3234)  
SPS  83 (1051)  76 (1007)  91 (856)  107 (929)  44 (1169)  47 (1283)  62 (1037)  51 (1110)  40 (1255)  232 
(1175)  205 
(1462)  142 
(1262)  135 
(1354)  
SCM  8 (117)  42 (140)  15 (108)  48 (158)  29 (110)  52 (130)  31 (127)  61 (132)  18 (107)  66 (152)  12 (110)  50 (129)  8 (89)  
Agriculture  49 (195)  44 (182)  42 (203)  34 (135)  42 (210)  32 (148)  43 (208)  44 (202)  49 (280)  49 (439)  60 (351)  75 (320)  59 (383)  
Anti-Dumping  0 (164)  0 (127)  0 (133)  0 (122)  2 (120)  0 (114)  0 (143)  0 (107)  2 (125)  0 (125)  0 (132)  0 (126)  2 (157)  
ILP 20 (72) 23 (78)  30 (85)  23 (96)  38 (99)  33 (74)  39 (96)  24 (54)  30 (79)  48 (99)  64 (236)  58 (134)  48 (131)  
Safeguards  0 (106)  1 (64) 1 (89) 2 (112)  2 (110)  4 (79)  0 (89)  0 (61)  2 (80)  0 (150)  1 (149)  2 (100)  2 (81)  
Customs Valuation  0 (4) 0 (4) 3 (13)  2 (13)  2 (23)  2 (9) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (3) 3 (23)  0 (9) 0 (27)  0 (11)  
State Trading  3 (77) 0 (8) 3 (39) 0 (17)  2 (51) 1 (14)  2 (41)  8 (30)  4 (42)  1 (12)  4 (37)  3 (11)  2 (37)  
RTAs  4 (26)  3 (33)  2 (37)  2 (40)  4 (19)  3 (12)  3 (18)  3 (16)  5 (10)  6 (12)  3 (9) 10 (59)  5 (18)  
TRIPS  7 (97) 9 (66)  4 (139)  9 (209)  5 (96)  1 (67)  1 (142)  0 (80)  0 (144)  0 (109)  0 (146)  0 (241)  2 (188)  
GATS  2 (45)  1 (38)  3 (66)  1 (48)  3 (75)  7 (64)  1 (21)  1 (25)  1 (17)  4 (71)  2 (45)  1 (52)  7 (61)  
QRs 1 (6) 1 (8) 13 (14)  5 (10)  15 (22)  8 (11)  12 (16)  7 (10)  18 (24)  17 (20)  29 (78)  21 (58)  29 (55)  
TRIMs  0 (18)  0 (4) 0 (4) 0 (6) 0 (6) 0 (5) 1 (4) 0 (2) 2 (4) 0 (4) 1(3) 1 (3) 3 (4) 
BoP Provisions  0 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (5) 1 (4) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Preshipment 
Inspection  0 (2) 0 (2) 0 (4) 0 (3) 0 (2) 0 (2) 0 (1) 0 (2) 0 (2) 0 (4) 0 (4) 1 (3) 0 (1) 
Rules of Origin  0 (4) 0 (8) 0 (14)  0 (22)  0 (17)  0 (13)  0 (17)  0 (13)  0 (16)  0 (11)  0 (18)  0 (23)  1 (16)  
GPA 3 (32)  2 (16)  1 (13)  2 (15)  5 (27)  4 (40)  2 (66)  3 (46)  3 (46)  2 (25)  1 (50)  2 (54)  4 (40)  
ITA  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 
Trade Facilitation  0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (55)  0 (26)  0 (17)  9 (57)  6 (108)  7 (162)  15 (126)  9 (99)  12 (95)  
Other notifications  0 (6) 0 (9) 0 (6) 1 (5) 0 (4) 0 (7) 0 (7) 1 (5) 0 (2) 1 (3) 0 (3) 0 (1) 0 (4) 
Total Environment -
related Notifications  450 
(3441)  470 
(3010)  561 
(3374)  620 
(3545)  551 
(3773)  499 
(3408)  575 
(3744)  602 
(3786)  663 
(4225)  666 
(4706)  827 
(4955)  931 
(4933)  768 
(5989)  
Share Of 
Environment -
related Notifications  13.1% 15.5% 16.6% 17.5%  14.6%  14.6%  15.4%  15.9%  15.7% 14.3%  16.7%  18.9%  12.8%  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 21 - 
 
  Annex III – EDB Harmonized Categories   
Table 4.1 – Harmonized Categor ies of environment -related objectives (25)  
Afforestation/reforestation  
Air pollution reduction  
Alternative and renewable energy  
Animal protection  
Biodiversity and ecosystem  
Chemical, toxic and hazardous substances management  
Climate change mitigation and adaptation  
Energy conservation and efficiency  
Environmental goods and services promotion  
Environmental protection from pests and diseases  
Environmentally  friendly consumption  
General environmental protection  
MEAs implementation and compliance  
Natural resources conservation  
Other environmental risks mitigation  
Ozone layer protection  
Plant protection  
Soil management and conservation  
Sustainable agriculture management  
Sustainable and environmentally  friendly production  
Sustainable fisheries management  
Sustainable forestry management  
Sustainable mining management  
Waste management and recycling  
Water management and conservation  
 
Table 4.2 - Harmonized C ategor ies of type of measures (3 1) 
Anti-dumping measure / investigation  
Ban/Prohibition  
Conformity assessment procedures  
Countervailing measure / investigation  
Environmental provisions in trade agreements  
Export licences  
Export quotas  
Export tariffs  WT/CTE/EDB/22  
 
- 22 - 
 
  General environmental reference1  
Grants and direct payments  
Import licences  
Import quotas  
Import tariffs  
Income or price support  
Intellectual property measures  
Internal taxes  
Investment measures  
Loans and financing  
Non-monetary support  
Not specified  
Other environmental requirements  
Other measures  
Other price and market -based measures  
Other support measures  
Public procurement  
Quarantine requirements  
Regulation affecting movement or transit  
Risk assessment  
Safeguard measure / investigation  
Tax concessions  
Technical regulation or specifications  
 
Table 4.3 - Harmonized C ategor ies of sectors subject to the measure (11)  
Agriculture  
All products/economic activities  
Chemicals  
Energy  
Fisheries  
Forestry  
Manufacturing  
Mining  
Not specified  
Other  
Services  
 
 
__________  
 
 
1 "General environmental reference" is a harmonized category that was introduced for EDB  TPR entries 
from 2016 onwards.