WT/L/1169  
 
5 July 2023 
(23-4547) Page: 1/16 
General Council  
24-25 July 2023  
  Original:  English  
 
  
EUROPEAN UNION PREFERENCES FOR ALBANIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA,  
KOSOVO*, MONTENEGRO, NORTH MACEDONIA, AND SERBIA  
DRAFT REPORT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION UNDER THE DECISION OF 28 JULY  20211 
COVERING THE PERIOD  1 JANUARY -31 DECEMBER  2022 
The following communication, dated 30 June 2023, is being circulated at the request of the 
delegation of the European Union . 
 
_______________  
 
 
1  INTRODUCTION  
1.1.  On 8 December  2000, the European Union (EU) was granted a waiver (WT/L/380) from its 
obligations under paragraph 1 of Article I of the G ATT 1994 to the extent necessary to permit the 
European Union to afford duty -free or preferential treatment to eligible products originating in the 
Western Balkans, without being required to extend the same duty -free or preferential treatment to 
like products of any other Member . This waiver was granted by the WTO General Council for the 
period through 3 1 December  2006. 
1.2.  With a view to maintaining the current system in place, the EU requested four extensi ons of 
the Western Balkans Waiver, which were adopted by the WTO General Council at its meetings on 
27-28 July 2006 (WT/L/654), on 3 0 November  2011 (WT/L/836),  on 7 December  2016 (WT/L/1002) 
and 2 8 July 2021 (WT/L/1114) respectively . The waiver will expire  on 31  December  2026 and covers 
products originating in the Republic of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo , Montenegro,  the 
Republic of North Macedonia  and the Republic of Serbia.  
1.3.  Under the terms of this waiver, the EU is required to submit to the Gen eral Council an annual 
report on the preferences and duty -free treatment afforded to products from the partners listed in 
paragraph 1, including the extent to which such preferences and duty -free treatment differ from the 
EU's MFN and GSP concessions, with  a view to facilitating the annual review provided for in paragraph  
4 of Article IX of the WTO Agreement . This report covers the calendar year 202 2. 
1.4.  The EU trade regime vis-à-vis these partners is currently regulated by the granting of 
autonomous trade preferences and by the conclusion of Stabilization and Association Agreements.  
2  AUTONOMOUS TRADE PREFERENCES  
2.1.  Before 2000, the EU already had a liberal trade regime towards the Wester n Balkans, allowing 
more than 80 % of regional exports to enter the European Union duty -free. On 1 December  2000 
the EU Council of Ministers extended the duty -free access to the EU market for products originating 
from this area even further.  
 
* This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and 
the International Court of Justice Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.  
1 WT/L/1114.  WT/L/1169  
 
- 2 - 
 
  2.2.  The reason for such an extension was that the general level of imports from the Western Balkan 
partners remained very low, being less than one % of all EU imports . It was, therefore, considered 
appropriate to further improve the EU's autonomous trade preferences by remov ing all remaining 
tariff ceilings for industrial and agricultural products and by further improving access to the EU 
market for agricultural and fishery products.  
2.3.  Further market opening also accompanied the enhanced process of political and economic 
stabil ization in the region into which the European Union engaged following the end of the Balkan 
wars in the 1990s . Fully liberalized access to the markets of the EU is also foreseen as part of the 
Stabilization and Association Process . In addition to the auton omous trade preferences, the 
Stabilization and Association Agreements facilitate this liberalization.  
3  THE STABILIZATION AND ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS  
3.1.  The Stabilization and Association Agreements are tools which provide for the economic 
development and politic al stabilization of the partners in the region, and establish a close, long -term 
association between the EU and the Western Balkans.  
3.2.  The Stabilization and Association Agreement with North Macedonia  entered into force on 1  April 
2004, the one with Albania o n 1 April 2009, the one with Montenegro on 1 May 2010, the one with 
the Republic of Serbia on 1 September  2013, the one with Bosnia and Herzegovina on 1  June 2015 
and the one with Kosovo on 1 April 2016. 
3.3.  These Stabilization and Association Agreements aim at creating a free trade area for goods 
among the parties over a transitional period in line with Article XXIV of the G ATT 1994 and envisage 
a progressive and reciprocal liberalization of trade in services . Associated disciplines in areas su ch 
as competition and state aid rules, intellectual property, public procurement, etc. are also envisaged.  
3.4.  All the agreements establish a free trade area with the concerned partner in line with the 
obligations foreseen in Article XXIV of the GATT  1994 and in Article V of the GATS . At the same time 
they also allow the continuation of the autonomous preferences where these provide more 
favourable conditions for the export of the goods originating in Albania,  Bosnia and Herzegovina, 
Kosovo,  Montenegro,  North M acedonia , and Serbia.  
4  TRADE WITH THE PARTNERS OF THE WESTERN BALKANS  
4.1.  In the year 2022 EU imports from the Western Balkans concentrated primarily on machinery 
and transport equipment.  
4.2.  Statistical annexes are provided to present a detailed description of the  EU trade relations with 
the partners of the Western Balkans for the year 2022. The first annex describes the trade relations 
with the partners of the Western Balkans as a whole, while the remaining annexes describe in detail 
the trade relations with each partner of the region.  
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  ANNEX 1 : WESTERN BALK ANS 2022  
Population in Mio  17.4 
Area in 1000skm  215.4  
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  136.8 
GDP Per Capita in euro  7,867 
EU 27 TRADE WITH WESTERN BALKANS  
Year  IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 11,525  0.7 20,256  1.2 8,732  
2012 11,536  0.7 21,297  1.2 9,761  
2013 13,549  0.8 21,357  1.2 7,808  
2014 14,853  0.9 22,487  1.3 7,634  
2015 15,891  1.0 23,524  1.3 7,633  
2016 17,419  1.1 24,896  1.3 7,477  
2017 19,885  1.1 28,089  1.4 8,204  
2018 22,271  1.2 30,603  1.5 8,332  
2019 22,981  1.2 31,900  1.5 8,919  
2020 21,322  1.2 29,230  1.5 7,908  
2021 28,271  1.3 36,738  1.7 8,468  
2022 36,615 1.2 48,018 1.9 11,403 
EU 27 TRADE WITH WESTERN BALKANS  
Year  IMPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 16 EXPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 11 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2022 36,615  1.2 48,018 1.9 11,403 
 
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  MAIN PRODU CTS 2022  
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  36,615 100.0  1.2% 48,018 100.0  1.9% 
Primary products  10,979 30 0.9% 16,752 34.9 3.3% 
Agricultural products  3,638 9.9 1.7% 5,767 12.0 2.3% 
Fuels and mining products  7,341 20 0.8% 10,985 22.9 4.5% 
Manufactures  25,456 69.5 1.4% 30,957 64.5 1.5% 
Iron and steel  1,761 4.8 2.9% 1,272 2.6 2.9% 
Chemicals  4,947 13.5 1.4% 6,510 13.6 1.2% 
Other semi -manufactures  3,892 10.6 2.9% 5,507 11.5 3.3% 
Machinery and transport 
equipment  8,677 23.7 1.1% 12,183 25.4 1.3% 
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  169 0.5 0.1% 1,864 3.9 1.5% 
Transport equipment  1,600 4.4 0.9% 3,426 7.1 0.9% 
Other machinery  6,907 18.9 2.0% 6,876 14.3 1.5% 
Textiles  379 1.0 1.1% 1,420 3.0 6.0% 
Clothing  1,652 4.5 1.6% 930 1.9 2.2% 
Other manufactures  4,077 11.1 1.6% 3,129 6.5 1.3% 
Other products  128 0.3 0.3% 178 0.4 0.4% 
Source:  World  Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
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  ANNEX 2 : ALBANIA 2022  
Population in Mi o  2.8 
Area in 1000skm  28.8 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  17.6 
GDP Per Capita in euro  6,132  
EU 27 TRADE WITH ALBANIA  
Year  IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 945 0.1 2,309  0.1 1,364  
2012 1,116  0.1 2,418  0.1 1,302  
2013 1,224  0.1 2,304  0.1 1,080  
2014 1,236  0.1 2,443  0.1 1,207  
2015 1,160  0.1 2,498  0.1 1,338  
2016 1,286  0.1 2,685  0.1 1,398  
2017 1,499  0.1 2,961  0.1 1,462  
2018 1,751  0.1 3,178  0.2 1,427  
2019 1,845  0.1 3,174  0.1 1,329  
2020 1,609  0.1 2,934  0.2 1,325  
2021 2,108 0.1 3,722 0.2 1,614 
2022 2,990  0.1 4,416  0.2 1,426  
EU 27 TRADE WITH ALBANIA  
Year  IMPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 63 EXPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 56 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2022 2,990 0.1 4,416  0.2 1,426 
 
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  MAIN PRODU CTS 2022  
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  2,990 100.0 1.2% 4,416 100.0 1.9% 
Primary products  1,032 34.5 0.9% 1,509 34.2 3.3% 
Agricultural products  282 9.4 1.7% 798 18.1 2.3% 
Fuels and mining products  751 25.1 0.8% 711 16.1 4.5% 
Manufactures  1,934 64.7 1.4% 2,894 65.5 1.5% 
Iron and steel  141 4.7 2.9% 89 2.0 2.9% 
Chemicals  31 1.0 1.4% 502 11.4 1.2% 
Other semi -manufactures  258 8.6 2.9% 562 12.7 3.3% 
Machinery and transport equipment  290 9.7 1.1% 924 20.9 1.3% 
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  19 0.6 0.1% 150 3.4 1.5% 
Transport equipment  44 1.5 0.9% 250 5.7 0.9% 
Other machinery  226 7.6 2.0% 522 11.8 1.5% 
Textiles  41 1.4 1.1% 271 6.1 6.0% 
Clothing  497 16.6 1.6% 217 4.9 2.2% 
Other manufactures  606 20.3 1.6% 329 7.4 1.3% 
Other products  4 0.1 0.3% 5 0.1 0.4% 
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
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  ANNEX 3 : BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 2022  
Population in Mi o  3.3 
Area in 1000skm  51.2 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  24.2 
GDP Per Capita in euro  6,968 
EU 27 TRADE WITH BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA  
Year  IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 2,935  0.2%  4,722  0.3%  1,787  
2012 2,977  0.2%  4,803  0.3%  1,826  
2013 3,216  0.2%  4,752  0.3%  1,536  
2014 3,306  0.2%  4,997  0.3%  1,691  
2015 3,468  0.2%  5,044  0.3%  1,576  
2016 3,758  0.2%  5,228  0.3%  1,470  
2017 4,231  0.2%  5,891  0.3%  1,660  
2018 4,678  0.2%  6,060  0.3%  1,382  
2019 4,379  0.2%  6,313  0.3%  1,934  
2020 4,060  0.2%  5,537  0.3%  1,477  
2021 5,838  0.3%  6,841 0.3%  1,002 
2022 6,934  0.2%  8,723  0.3%  1,790  
EU 27 TRADE WITH BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA  
Year  IMPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 46 EXPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 39 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2022 6,934 0.2% 8,723 0.3%  1,790 
 
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  MAIN PRODU CTS 2022  
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  6,934 100.0 0.2% 8,723 100.0 0.3% 
Primary products  1,909 27.5 0.2% 3,088 35.4 0.6% 
Agricultural products  545 7.9 0.2% 1,283 14.7 0.5% 
Fuels and mining products  1,364 19.7 0.1% 1,805 20.7 0.7% 
Manufactures  4,993 72.0 0.3% 5,615 64.4 0.3% 
Iron and steel  160 2.3 0.3% 383 4.4 0.9% 
Chemicals  510 7.4 0.1% 1,161 13.3 0.2% 
Other semi -manufactures  1,152 16.6 0.8% 1,146 13.1 0.7% 
Machinery and transport 
equipment  1,372 19.8 0.2% 1,845 21.1 0.2% 
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  15 0.2 0.0% 208 2.4 0.2% 
Transport equipment  263 3.8 0.1% 592 6.8 0.2% 
Other machinery  1,094 15.8 0.3% 1,043 12.0 0.2% 
Textiles  44 0.6 0.1% 280 3.2 1.2% 
Clothing  270 3.9 0.3% 203 2.3 0.5% 
Other manufactures  1,486 21.4 0.6% 597 6.8 0.2% 
Other products  28 0.4 0.1% 13 0.2 0.0% 
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
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  ANNEX 4 : NORTH MACEDONIA 2022  
Population in Mi o  2.1 
Area in 1000skm  25.7 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  13.0 
GDP Per Capita in euro  6,275 
EU 27 TRADE WITH NORTH MACEDONIA  
Year  IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 2,240  0.1 2,720  0.2 480 
2012 2,067  0.1 2,963  0.2 896 
2013 2,334  0.1 2,902  0.2 568 
2014 2,968  0.2 3,151  0.2 183 
2015 3,324  0.2 3,386  0.2 62 
2016 3,670  0.2 3,646  0.2 -25 
2017 4,184  0.2 4,060  0.2 -124 
2018 4,829  0.3 4,611  0.2 -218 
2019 5,185  0.3 4,757  0.2 -428 
2020 4,607  0.3 4,048  0.2 -559 
2021 5,677 0.3 5,108 0.2 -565 
2022 6,928 0.2 6,865  0.3 -64 
EU 27 TRADE WITH NORTH MACEDONIA  
Year  IMPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 47 EXPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 45 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2022 6,928  0.2 6,865  0.3 -64 
 
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  MAIN PRODU CTS 2022  
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  6,928 100.0 0.2% 6,865 100.0 0.3% 
Primary products  1,088 15.7 0.1% 2,829 41.2 0.6% 
Agricultural products  378 5.5 0.2% 538 7.8 0.2% 
Fuels and mining products  710 10.3 0.1% 2,291 33.4 0.9% 
Manufactures  5,806 83.8 0.3% 3,988 58.1 0.2% 
Iron and steel  576 8.3 0.9% 225 3.3 0.5% 
Chemicals  2,593 37.4 0.7% 655 9.5 0.1% 
Other semi -manufactures  141 2.0 0.1% 830 12.1 0.5% 
Machinery and transport equipment  1,687 24.4 0.2% 1,551 22.6 0.2% 
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  32 0.5 0.0% 276 4.0 0.2% 
Transport equipment  276 4.0 0.2% 362 5.3 0.1% 
Other machinery  1,379 19.9 0.4% 912 13.3 0.2% 
Textiles  59 0.8 0.2% 330 4.8 1.4% 
Clothing  387 5.6 0.4% 60 0.9 0.1% 
Other manufactures  362 5.2 0.1% 335 4.9 0.1% 
Other products  8 0.1 0.0% 25 0.4 0.1% 
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
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  ANNEX 5 : KOSOVO 2022  
Population in Mi o  1.8 
Area in 1000skm  10.9 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  8.9 
GDP Per Capita in euro  5,024 
EU 27 TRADE WITH KOSOVO  
Year  IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 139 0.0 730 0.0 591 
2012 121 0.0 706 0.0 585 
2013 123 0.0 720 0.0 597 
2014 94 0.0 723 0.0 629 
2015 103 0.0 759 0.0 656 
2016 71 0.0 849 0.0 777 
2017 88 0.0 900 0.0 812 
2018 97 0.0 1,037  0.1 940 
2019 130 0.0 1,284  0.1 1,154  
2020 165 0.0 1,163  0.1 999 
2021 252 0.0 1,584 0.1 1,332 
2022 281 0.0 1,735  0.1 1,454  
EU 27 TRADE WITH KOSOVO  
Year  IMPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 115 EXPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 80 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2022 281 0.0 1,735 0.1 1,454 
 
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  MAIN PRODU CTS 2022  
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  281 100.0 0,0%  1,735 100.0 0.1% 
Primary products  67 23.8 0,0%  529 30.5 0.1% 
Agricultural products  47 16.8 0,0%  493 28.4 0.2% 
Fuels and mining products  20 7.0 0,0%  37 2.1 0.0% 
Manufactures  212 75.7 0,0%  1,197 69.0 0.1% 
Iron and steel  9 3.2 0,0%  36 2.1 0.1% 
Chemicals  41 14.6 0,0%  295 17.0 0.1% 
Other semi -manufactures  49 17.5 0,0%  220 12.7 0.1% 
Machinery and transport equipment  13 4.7 0,0%  473 27.3 0.0% 
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  1 0.5 0,0%  80 4.6 0.1% 
Transport equipment  3 1.1 0,0%  202 11.7 0.1% 
Other machinery  9 3.1 0,0%  190 10.9 0.0% 
Textiles  8 2.8 0,0%  9 0.5 0.0% 
Clothing  4 1.4 0,0%  43 2.5 0.1% 
Other manufactures  88 31.3 0,0%  120 6.9 0.0% 
Other products  1 0.5 0,0%  3 0.1 0.0% 
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
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  ANNEX 6 : SERBIA 2022  
Population in Mi o  6.8 
Area in 1000skm  85.0 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  67.3 
GDP Per Capita in euro  9,839 
EU 27 TRADE WITH SERBIA  
Year  IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 5,045  0.3 8,999  0.6 3,954  
2012 4,961  0.3 9,526  0.5 4,565  
2013 6,470  0.4 9,786  0.5 3,316  
2014 7,000  0.4 10,213  0.6 3,213  
2015 7,696  0.5 10,973  0.6 3,277  
2016 8,487  0.5 11,515  0.6 3,028  
2017 9,731  0.5 13,225  0.7 3,494  
2018 10,737  0.6 14,529  0.7 3,792  
2019 11,283  0.6 15,154  0.7 3,871  
2020 10,726  0.6 14,600  0.8 3,874  
2021 14,000  0.7 18,297  0.8 4,298  
2022 18,189  0.6 24,480  1,0 6,291 
EU 27 TRADE WITH SERBIA  
Year  IMPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 32 EXPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 25 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2022 18,189 0.6 24,480  1.0 6,291 
 
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  MAIN PRODU CTS 2022  
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  18,189 100.0 0.6% 24,480 100.0 1.0% 
Primary products  5,649 31.1 0.5% 7,863 32.1 1.6% 
Agricultural products  2,368 13.0 1.1% 2,374 9.7 0.9% 
Fuels and mining products  3,280 18.0 0.3% 5,489 22.4 2.2% 
Manufactures  12,452 68.5 0.7% 16,400 67.0 0.8% 
Iron and steel  872 4.8 1.4% 532 2.2 1.2% 
Chemicals  1,762 9.7 0.5% 3,772 15.4 0.7% 
Other semi -manufactures  2,284 12.6 1.7% 2,623 10.7 1.6% 
Machinery and transport equipment  5,287 29.1 0.6% 6,954 28.4 0.7% 
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  100 0.5 0.0% 1,071 4.4 0.9% 
Transport equipment  1,002 5.5 0.6% 1,811 7.4 0.5% 
Other machinery  4,186 23.0 1.2% 4,061 16.6 0.9% 
Textiles  227 1.3 0.6% 523 2.1 2.2% 
Clothing  492 2.7 0.5% 364 1.5 0.9% 
Other manufactures  1,526 8.4 0.6% 1,632 6.7 0.7% 
Other products  84 0.5 0.2% 131 0.5 0.3% 
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
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  ANNEX 7 : MONTENEGRO 2022  
Population in Mio  0.6 
Area in 1000skm  13.8 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  5.8 
GDP Per Capita in euro  9,318  
EU 27 TRADE WITH MONTENEGRO  
Year  IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 221 0.0 778 0.0 557 
2012 294 0.0 880 0.0 586 
2013 183 0.0 894 0.1 711 
2014 249 0.0 959 0.1 710 
2015 139 0.0 863 0.0 724 
2016 146 0.0 974 0.1 828 
2017 152 0.0 1,052  0.1 900 
2018 180 0.0 1,189  0.1 1,009  
2019 159 0.0 1,218  0.1 1,059  
2020 155 0.0 946 0.0 791 
2021 373 0.0 1,158  0.1 785 
2022 1.294  0.0 1,799  0.1 505 
EU 27 TRADE WITH MONTENEGRO  
Year  IMPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 80 EXPORTS  
Rank 202 2: 79 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2022 1,294 0.0 1,799 0.1 505 
 
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  MAIN PRODU CTS 2022  
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  1,294 100.0 0.0% 1,799 100.0 0.1% 
Primary products  1,234 95.3 0.1% 935 52.0 0.2% 
Agricultural products  18 1.4 0.0% 281 15.6 0.1% 
Fuels and mining products  1,216 94.0 0.1% 654 36.3 0.3% 
Manufactures  58 4.5 0.0% 862 47.9 0.0% 
Iron and steel  2 0.2 0.0% 7 0.4 0.0% 
Chemicals  10 0.8 0.0% 125 6.9 0.0% 
Other semi -manufactures  7 0.6 0.0% 126 7.0 0.1% 
Machinery and transport equipment  28 2.2 0.0% 436 24.3 0.0% 
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  1 0.1 0.0% 79 4.4 0.1% 
Transport equipment  12 1.0 0.0% 208 11.6 0.1% 
Other machinery  13 1.0 0.0% 149 8.3 0.0% 
Textiles  0 0.0 0.0% 8 0.4 0.0% 
Clothing  1 0.1 0.0% 42 2.3 0.1% 
Other manufactures  9 0.7 0.0% 118 6.6 0.0% 
Other products  2 0.2 0.0% 2 0.1 0.0% 
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
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