WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
9 March 2023  
(23-9283) Page: 1/44 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements   
 
 
APPENDIX 8 PERU  
This Appendix complements the report on the Comprehensive and Progressive 
Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). It has been prepared for the 
consideration of the entry into force of CPTPP for Peru.  
 
Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to 
Maria  Donner Abreu (tel: +41 22 739 5244) Any statistical questions arising 
from this report may be addressed to Pamela Bayona (tel: +41 22 739 5529).  
  WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
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  Table of Contents  
Page 
 
1   TRADE ENVIRONMENT  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
1.1   Background  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  4 
1.2   Merchandise trade  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 5 
1.3   Trade in services  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 8 
2   CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ ....................  11 
2.1   Background Information  ................................ ................................ ............................  11 
3   LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS  ................................ ................................ ..... 12 
3.1   Import duties and charges and quantitative restrictions  ................................ .................  12 
3.1.1   Liberalization schedule ................................ ................................ ............................  12 
3.1.2   Peru ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  13 
3.1.3   Other CPTPP Parties ,  ................................ ................................ .............................  15 
3.2   Tariff rate quotas (TRQs)  ................................ ................................ ...........................  20 
3.3   Export duties and quantitative restrictions on exports  ................................ ....................  20 
3.4   Technical barriers to trade  ................................ ................................ .........................  20 
3.5   Customs -related procedures and trade facilitation  ................................ .........................  20 
4   TRADE IN SERVICES AND INVESTMENT  ................................ ................................ .... 20 
4.1   Movement of natural persons  ................................ ................................ .....................  20 
4.2   Liberalization of trade in services  ................................ ................................ ................  22 
4.2.1   Horizontal commitments  ................................ ................................ .........................  22 
4.2.2   Sector -specific commitments  ................................ ................................ ...................  23 
4.2.3   Business services  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 25 
4.2.4   Communication services  ................................ ................................ .........................  25 
4.2.5   Construction and related engineering services  ................................ ............................  25 
4.2.6   Distribution services  ................................ ................................ ...............................  25 
4.2.7   Educational services  ................................ ................................ ...............................  26 
4.2.8   Environmental services  ................................ ................................ ...........................  26 
4.2.9   Financial services  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 26 
4.2.10    Health related and social services  ................................ ................................ ...........  27 
4.2.11    Tourism and travel related services  ................................ ................................ ........  27 
4.2.12    Recreational, cultural and sporting services  ................................ ..............................  27 
4.2.13    Transport services  ................................ ................................ ................................  27 
4.2.14    Other provisions on investment  ................................ ................................ ..............  27 
5   GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ .............................  27 
5.1   Dispute settlement  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 27 
5.2   Relationship with other agreements concluded by the Parties  ................................ ..........  28 
5.3   Government procurement  ................................ ................................ ..........................  29 
5.4   Intellectual property rights  ................................ ................................ .........................  29 
5.5   Labour  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  30 WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
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  5.6   Electronic commerce  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 30 
5.7   Other  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  30 
5.7.1   Anti-corruption  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 30 
ANNEX 1  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  31 
ANNEX 2  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  32 
ANNEX 3  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  34 
 WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
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Key Facts  
 
Signatories to the 
Agreement:  Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, 
Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, 
Singapore and Viet Nam  
 
Date of Signature:  8 March 2018  
 
Date of Entry into Force:  30 December 2018 for Australia, Canada, 
Japan, Mexico, New Zealand and Singapore  
 
14 January 2019 for Viet Nam  
 
19 September 2021 for Peru  
 
Full implementation:  2038 (Peru)1 
 
 
 
The Factual Presentation on the "Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans -
Pacific Partnership (hereinafter "the CPTPP"), distributed under WT/REG395/1/Rev.1, 
describes  the functioning, rules and regulations of the CPTPP.  Unless otherwise indicated  
in this Annex, t hese also apply to Peru, despite the Agreement having entered into force 
for Peru  almost three years after that for  the initial seven Parties. A full understanding 
of the implementation of the CPTPP by Peru  dealt with in the current Append ix will 
therefore benefit from a joint consideration of both documents.  Also of relevance are 
the Party -specific Append ices 1 to 7 to the factual presentation of  the CPTPP.  This 
Factual Presentation reflects the trade regime as of 19 September 202 2. 
1  TRADE ENVIRONMENT2 
1.1  Background  
1.1.  Peru has a number of other regi onal trade agreements (RTAs) in force, including  overlapping 
membership with CPTPP Parties  (see Table s 1.1. and 5.1). Prior to the CPTPP, New Zealand was the 
only CPTPP Party without an RTA in force with Peru, while for Viet Nam and Mexico limited 
preferences were in force under  agreements such as the Generalized System of Trade Preferences 
(GSTP ).  
Table 1.1 Peru: List  of overlapping RTAs with other CPTPP Parties as of 31 January 2023  
Peru's 
Agreement  Entry into 
force  Coverage  AUS CAN JPN MEX NZL SGP VNM 
PTN  1973 
Goods                
LAIA  1981               
GSTP  1989               
Canada - Peru 2009 
Goods & 
Services                
Peru - Singapore  2009               
Peru - Mexico  2012               
Japan - Peru 2012               
Pacific Alliance  2016               
Peru - Australia  2020               
Note:  Only RTAs in force are considered. The coverage of RTAs is as notified by the Parties.  
Source:  WTO RTA database.  
 
1 If the CPTPP as a whole is considered the end of implementation is 2039.  
2 Statistics from Comtrade (ranking and trade) on the basis of EU(27), WTO Statistics Database and 
World Trade Profile s (2021). Exchange rates are sourced from the International Financial S tatistics (IFS).  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
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Chart 1.1 shows the evolution of Peru's global trade balance over the period 2010 -2021. On 
merchandise trade, Peru experienced a trade surplus throughout the period except during 2013 -
2016, when a deficit was registered. On trade in services, however, Peru had a con sistent trade 
deficit over the period.  
Chart 1.1 Peru: Global trade balance, 2010 -2021  
 
Source:  WTO Statistics Database.  
 
1.2  Merchandise trade  
1.3.  Table 1.2 reports imports and exports in USD  billion, as a percentage of world total, the rank 
in world trade and GDP in USD billion by Party. In 20 20, Japan was the largest trader with 
merchandise impo rts of USD 635 billion and exports of USD 641 billion. Canada and Mexico were 
the second and third largest traders, followed by Singapore, Viet Nam  and Australia, while Peru and 
New Zealand  were the smallest traders of the group . 
Table 1.2 Merchandise trade and GDP by Party, 20 20 
Party  Merchandise trade  2020  
GDP 
USD 
billion  
(2020) Imports  Exports  
Value  
(USD 
billion)  Share in 
world total 
(%) Ranka Value  
(USD 
billion)  Share in 
world total 
(%) Ranka 
Australia  212 1.18 18 251 1.42 17 1,359  
Canada  420 2.35 8 391 2.20 9 1,643  
Japan  635 3.55 5 641 3.63 4 5,049  
Mexico  393 2.20 9 417 2.36 7 1,076  
New Zealand  37 0.21 41 39 0.22 39 209 
Peru 36 0.20 42 40 0.22 38 204 
Singapore  330 1.84 11 363 2.5 10 340 
Viet Nam  263 1.47 14 283 1.60 15 341 
a Rank excludes intra -EU trade.  
Source:  WTO Statistics Database, Trade Profiles (20 21). 
 
1.4.  Chart 1.2 shows the shares of Peru's trade with the Parties and the other CPTPP Signatories 
(top panel). It also shows Peru's share of trade with the CPTPP Signatories with and without 
overlapping RTAs (bottom panel).  Ten per  cent of Peru's global trade was with CPTPP Parties.  Its 
-6-4-20246810
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Merchandise
-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-10ServicesWT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
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  trade with CPTPP Signatories (the Parties as well as those for which the Agreement is not yet in force  
in September 2022 ) was higher, at 14% of its total impor ts and 13% of its total exports. These 
same shares were recorded for Peru's imports from CPTPP signatories with overlapping RTAs.  
Chart 1.2 Peru: Shares of trade with Parties and Signatories, average 2018 -2020  
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
1.5.  The evolution over time of Peru's bilateral imports and exports with the other CPTPP Parties is 
shown in Chart 1.3. The partners for which the Agreement is in force are shown individually while 
those for which it is not yet in force are under "other CPTPP". Following a steady increase in trade, 
there was a drop in 2008, after which both imports and exports recovered. Trade decreased in 2015 -
2016 and with the COVID -19 pandemic in 2020. Among the Parties, Mexico was the  largest origin 
of Peru's imports while Canada was the largest destination for its exports. Among the CPTPP 
Signatories for which the Agreement is not yet in force, Chile was Peru's largest trading partner for 
both imports and exports.  
Imports from CPTPP and rest of the world Exports to CPTPP and rest of the 
world
Imports from Signatories with overlapping 
RTAsExports to Signatories with 
overlapping RTAs
WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
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  Chart 1.3 Peru: Merchandise trade with individual Parties, 2000 -2020  
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
1.6.  Chart 1.4 shows the evolution over time of CPTPP Parties' bilateral trade with Peru. Canada, 
Japan and Australia (the latter since 2013) have maintained a constant trade deficit with Peru, while 
Mexico and New Zealand ran a constant surplus. Singapore and Viet Nam also had a surplus with 
Peru for most of the period.  
Chart 1.4 CPTPP bilateral trade with Peru, 2010 -2020  
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
1.7.  Chart 1.5 shows the composition of Peru's imports (left panel) and exports (right panel) by 
HS section and partner during 201 8-2020. For the three largest traded HS sections, represented by 
a colour, t he chart also shows the origin or the destination of the goods. All other HS sections are 
aggregated in the category "Others" (in grey). CPTPP Signatories are identified individually while 
trade with other partners ha s been aggregated under the rest of the  world (ROW). If the label of a 
partner cannot be clearly seen, it is an indication that trade does not represent a significant share.  
01234567
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020Imports
(USD Billion)
012345678910
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020Exports 
(USD Billion) 
Australia  Canada  Japan  Mexico  New Zealand  Singapore  Viet Nam  Other CPTPP
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020CPTPP imports from Peru
(USD Billion)
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020CPTPP exports to Peru
(USD Billion)
WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
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  Chart 1.5 Peru: Product composition of merchandise trade by HS Section, an nual 
average (2018 -2020)   
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database . 
 
1.8.  Peru's largest global imports are machinery (HS Section 16), mineral products (HS Section 5), 
and chemicals (HS Section 6)  which accounted for 22.7%, 14.2% and 11.3%, of its global imports , 
respectively . The most important Party in machinery and chemical  imports  is Mexico  (with 7.5% and 
6.2% of imports , respectively ); for minerals, Japan is the main CPTPP supplier though with a minor 
share (1.2%). Peru mainly exported minerals, preci ous stones (HS Section 14) and vegetables 
vehicles (HS Section 2)  which accounted for 43.5%, 16.2% and 12.1% of its global exports , 
respectively . Most of its exports of minerals to the Parties went to Japan  (8.3% share of exports) , 
while Canada was the lar gest export  market among the Parties for  precious stones and vegetables  
(19.3% and 2.8% share , respectively ). Among the CPTPP Signatories for which the Agreement is 
not yet in force, Chile was Peru's  largest partner for trade in all the top three HS sectio ns (between 
0.9% -4.3% for imports and 0.1% -2% for exports) . 
1.3  Trade in services  
Table 1.3 reports imports and exports in USD  billion and as a percentage of world total and the 
rank in world trade in commercial services by Party. In 2020, Singapore, Japan and Canada were 
the largest commercial services traders , with imports ranging from USD 98 billion to USD 204 billion. 
The commercial services trade of all the other Parties was smaller , with a share of world trade below 
1% for both imports and exports.   
Table 1.3 Total trade in commercial services by Party, 20 20 
Party  Imports  Exports  
Value  
(USD 
billion)  Share in world 
total (%)  Ranka Value  
(USD 
billion)  Share in 
world total 
(%) Ranka 
Australia  39 0.79 17 50 0.96 14 
Canada  98 2.00 10 94 1.81 9 
Japan  197 4.01 6 162 3.13 7 
Mexico  28 0.57 22 17 0.33 24 
New Zealand  11 0.23 38 12 0.23 29 
Peru 7 0.15 45 3 0.05 62 
Singapore  204 4.15 5 210 4.05 5 
Viet Nam  18 0.37 28 7 0.13 42 
a Rank excludes intra -EU trade.  
Source:  WTO Statistics Database.  
WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
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  1.10.  Chart 1.6 shows the shares of Peru's trade in commercial services with the Parties and the 
other CPTPP Signatories (top panel). It also shows Peru's share of trade with the CPTPP Signatories 
with and without overlapping RTAs (bottom panel).  
Chart 1.6 Peru: Shares of commercial services trade with Parties and Signatories, 2018 -
2019  
 
Source:  Data provided by the Peruvian authorities.  
1.11.  Peru's trade in  commercial services with the Parties corresponded to 9% of its global imports  
and 12% for exports . The share of its imports and exports with other CPTPP Signatories for which 
the Agreement is not yet in force amounted to an additional 2%. Moreover, Peru's imports from 
CPTPP signa tories with overlapping RTAs amounted to 10% of its total imports, while the 
corresponding figure for exports was 14%.   
1.12.  Chart 1.7 shows the average value of bilateral imports and exports of commercial services 
between Peru and individual  CPTPP Parties (for 2018 -2019 for data provided by Peru and 2018 -20 
for some other Parties) . Japan was Peru's  largest trading partner in commercial services , followed 
by Mexico as the second largest import source and third largest export destination. Canada was the 
third largest source of commercial services imports and the second largest destination for exports .  
Imports from CPTPP and rest of the world Exports to CPTPP and rest of the 
world
Imports from Signatories with overlapping 
RTAsExports to Signatories with 
overlapping RTAs
WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
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  Chart 1.7 Peru and CPTPP: Bilateral commercial services trade, average 2018 -2020*  
 
* No data provided by Peru for 2020.  
Note:  No data submission for bilateral trade by Japan, Mexico and Viet Nam with Peru.  
 Annual exchange rates supplied by the Parties.  
Source:  Data provided by the CPTPP authorities.  
 
1.13.  Peru's  composition of global trade in commercial services is shown in Chart 1.8. The three 
largest services categorie s are highlighted for imports and exports while trade in all other categories 
has been aggregated. Transport , travel and other business services were Peru's largest commercial 
services imports  and exports . 
Chart 1.8 Peru: Composition of commercial services trade, 2018 -2019  
 
Source:  Data provided by the Peruvian authorities.  
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Other CPTPPViet NamSingaporeNew ZealandMexicoJapanCanadaAustralia(USD million)
Import ExportPeru: Trade with CPTPP Parties (2018 -2019)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110(USD million)CPTPP Parties: Trade with Peru (2018 -2020) 
Transport Travel Others Other business services05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500
2018 2019Imports from world
(USD Million)
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500
2018 2019Exports to world
(USD Million)WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
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  1.14.  Only p artial data is available on foreign direct investment (FDI). During  the period 2018 -2020 
Peru's stocks of inward FDI were relatively constant at almost USD 30 billion although inflows fell 
during this period (Chart 1.9).  
Chart 1.9 Peru: FDI stock and flow with CPTPP Parties and world (2018 - 2020)  
 
Note:  Data on outward FDI stock and on bilateral FDI flows are not available.  
 Data on FDI flows includes contributions made to social capital, reinvestment of profits and net loans  
with the parent company between the investor and his affiliated company.  Data on FDI stock only 
includes contributions made to the capital stock of a Peruvian company coming from abroad and 
channelled through the Natio nal Financial System.  
Sources:  FDI flows : Central Reserve Bank of Peru; FDI stock: Private Investment Promotion Agency 
(Proinversión).  
 
2  CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT  
2.1  Background Information  
2.1.  Following the completion of ratification procedures in July 2021, the CPTPP entered into force 
for Peru on 19 September 2021. On 14 March 2022 , the entry into force of the CPTPP for Peru was 
notified to the WTO  (WT/REG395/N/2 -S/C/N/920/Add.1).  
2.2.  Complementing the CPTPP, Peru and the Parties agreed a number of si de letters  – see Table 
2.1 below . Further, with the ratification by  Peru, a related side instrument agreed by all the Parties  
has also entered  into force. As much as possible, the specific sections of this Appendix incorporate 
and take into account the se side instruments. Annex 1 to this document lists the topics covered by 
each side instrument concluded by Peru.  
Table 2.1 Peru : Bilateral s ide letter s 
Side letters  AUS CAN JPN MEX NZL SGP VNM  All Parties  Total  
Peru  6 4 1 2 4 3 8 2 28 
Note: All side letter s are counted, including those signed in the context of the TPP that have been rolled -
over under the CPTPP.  
Source:  WTO, based on information supplied by the Parties.  
051015202530
2018 2019 2020FDI stock 
(USD Billion)
-2-101234567
2018 2019 2020FDI flow 
(USD Billion)
Inward
OutwardFDI with the World
FDI Inward Stock with CPTPP Parties 
WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
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  2.3.  Malaysia and Chile became the ninth and tenth countries to ratify the CPTPP ; it entered  into 
force for Malaysia on 29 November  2022 and for Chile on 21 February 2023 . These  entry into force  
were notified to the WTO  on 25 January 2023 (WT/REG365/N/3)  and 14 February 2023 
(WT/REG365/N/4), respectively . Ratification remains outstanding in Brunei Darussalam .3 
3  LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS  
3.1  Import duties and charges and quantitative restrictions  
3.1.  Peru negotiated exceptions to disciplines on national treatment and to the general prohibition 
on quantitative restrictions on imports  for used clothing and footwear; used vehicles  and used 
automotive engines, parts and replacements ; used tyres; and  used goods, machinery and equipment 
which utilise radioactive  energy sources.  The general exemption for CPTPP Parties in Annex 2 -A in 
relation to the Kimbe rley Process Certification Scheme for rough diamonds also applies to Peru  
(Annex 2 -A to the CPTPP, see also Section 3.1.1 of the CPTPP Factual Presentation).  
3.1.1   Liberalization  schedule  
3.2.  Peru has a common liberalization schedule for all the Parties , with a transition period of 12 
years (Peru's Annex 2 -D to the Agreement, adjusted to its later entry into force) . A "catch -up" 
mechanism applies between Peru and all the other seven CPTPP Parties. As a result, at entry into 
force, Peru implemented all fo ur annual tariff reductions  already applied  by the other seven CPTPP 
Parties , and it benefitted from similar reductions in their markets.  
3.3.  The liberalization schedules of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore and Viet Nam are 
common to all CPTPP Parties  including Peru . In the case of Japan  and Mexico , different liberalization  
schedule s apply for Peru for a limited number of lines .  
Peru's t ariff elimination commitments (in terms of tariff lines) towards  the other CPTPP Parties  
as well as the ir commitment s towards Peru  under the CPTPP are presented in  Chart 3.1 . Duty-free 
lines under the Agreement  are presented for 2021 and the end of the transition period, compared 
to the number of duty -free MFN lines in 2021. Also included is liberalization under other existing 
RTAs between the Parties, both in 2021 and by the end of implementation of these RTAs (see 
Annex  2), whenever the data is available.4 
When liberalization under the CPTPP is compared with that under other overlapping RTAs, only 
in four cases is the liberalization in 2021 under the CPTPP greater than that under the overlapping 
RTA (Australia's liberalization under Peru -Australia, trade bet ween Japan and Peru, and Viet Nam's 
liberalization under Viet Nam -Japan). Upon its full implementation , tariff liberalization under the 
CPTPP will be lower  than under seven  overlapping RTA s – namely imports by Australia from Japan, 
New Zealand, Singapore a nd Viet Nam; Mexico's  imports  from Peru; and Peru 's imports  from Mexico 
and Singapore.5  
 
3.In 2021, the United Kingdom, China, Chinese Taipei and Ecuador applied to accede to the CPTPP; 
Costa Rica and Uruguay applied for accession in 2022. In 2022 the United Kingdom has initiated its market 
access negotiations with CPTPP Parti es  
4 The overlapping RTAs considered are: AUS/JPN: Japan –Australia; AUS/PER: Peru -Australia; AUS/NZL: 
ANZCERTA; AUS/SGP, AUS/VNM, NZL/VNM: AANZFTA; CAN/MEX: United States -Mexico -Canada Agreement 
(USMCA/CUSMA/T -MEC); CAN/PER: Canada -Peru; JPN/MEX:  Japan–Mexico; JPN/PER: Japan -Peru; JPN -SGP:  
ASEAN -Japan; JPN/VNM: Japan -Viet Nam; NZL/SGP: New Zealand –Singapore; MEX/PER: Pacific Alliance; 
PER/AUS: Peru –Australia; PER/SGP: Peru –Singapore . 
5 Accordingly, trade between Canada and Mexico is more liberaliz ed under the CPTPP than under the 
USMCA, despite its later signature. Conversely, liberalization under the Pacific Alliance and AANZFTA  is higher 
than under the CPTPP; with the signature of both RTAs predating that of the CPTPP.   WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
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  Chart 3.1 Tariff elimination commitments under the CPTPP and overlapping RTAs, by 
tariff line6 
 
* The end of implementation (EOI) between Mexico and Viet Nam is one year later due to the non -
application of the catch -up mechanism.  
Note:  The EOI date for each Party is in brackets.  
 Data for overlapping RTAs is that from the relevant Factual Presentation s or, in the case of Australia -
New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (ANZCERTA), from the Parties.  
 When more than one overlapping RTA existed, data for the RTA granting the best treatment was 
used, subject to availability. Overlap RTAs wh ose EOI is 2021 or before only refer to liberalization by  
2021.  
Source:  WTO Secretariat calculations based on information provided by the Parties and on the RTA database.  
 
3.1.2   Peru  
3.6.  In 2021, Peru's applied MFN tariff comprised 7,790 lines at the ten-digit level ( HS 2017 
nomenclature) . Compound rates are applied on 48 tariff lines subject to the price-band mechanism 
(based on international reference prices to MFN imports ), while the rest have ad valorem  rates of 
duty.  
3.7.  Table 3.1 shows tariff and tr ade liberalization by Peru under the Agreement. Prior to its entry 
into force, 69.9% of Peru's tariff lines were duty -free, accounting for imports from the Parties ranging 
from 20.6% in the case of New Zealand  to 93.9% in the case of Australia . At the Agre ement's entry 
into force, Peru liberalized an additional 1,053 lines representing 13.5%  of its tariff. Ten years after 
implementation in 2030, Peru would have liberalized 7,138  lines. The last tariff reduction will take 
place in 2033 . The 48 lines covering  products subject to the price band mechanism will remain 
dutiable ; the ad valorem  duty is eliminated,7, 8 but the specific duty remains.  While th ey concern a 
negligible amount of imports from five CPTPP Parties,  79% of imports from New Zealand and 16.3% 
from Singapore  entered under these lines . 
 
6 Supra  for the list of o verlapping RTAs used in the compar ison. 
7 For 45 lines , elimination took place at entry into force ; these were already duty -free on an MFN basis. 
For HS 1108.12.00.00, 1108.13.00.00 and 3505.10.00.00, the elimination will become effective in 2023.  
8 As a comparison, upon full implementation of the Peru's commitments under the Pacific Alliance, the 
price band will be eliminated except for 14 lines on sugar and high  sugar content products . 
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
JPN
NZL-SGP-VNM
PER
CAN-MEX
MEX
PER
OTHERS
AUS
CAN-NZL
MEX
PER
SGP
VNM
CAN
JPN
PER
OTHERS
AUS
PER
SGP
VNM
CAN-JPN-MEX
AUS
CAN
JPN
MEX
SGP
NZL-VNM
PER
OTHERS
AUS
JPN
MEX
PER
NZL
OTHERS
AUS (2021) CAN
(2029)JPN (2038) MEX (2033)* NZL (2024) PER (2033) SGP
(2018)VNM (2038)**
MFN duty-free EIF CPTPP liberalization 2021 CPTPP liberalization by EOI
Overlap RTA, 2021 Overlap RTA, EOI% tariff linesWT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
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  Table 3.1 Peru: Tariff elimination commitments under the CPT PP and corresponding 
average trade  
Phase -out 
period  Number of 
lines  % of total 
lines in 
Peru's 
tariff 
schedule  Peru's Imports from CPTPP parties (2018 - 2020)  
(USD million)  
AUSTRALIA  CANADA  
Value  % Value  % 
MFN (2021)  5,442  69.9  108.1  93.9  627.8  86.3  
2021 1,053  13.5  4.2 3.6  55.1 7.6  
2023 305  3.9  1.5 1.3  29.5 4.1  
2028 336  4.3  0.9 0.8  11.5 1.6  
2030 2  0.0  -  -  - -  
2033 604  7.8  0.0 0.0  0.4 0.1  
Remain dutiable  48  0.6  0.4 0.3  3.2 0.4  
TOTAL  7,790  100.0  115.1  100.0  727.4 100.0  
Phase -out 
period  Number of 
lines  % of total 
lines  JAPAN  MEXICO  
Value  % Value  % 
MFN (2021)  5,442  69.9  721.4  75.8  891.8  50.6  
2021 1,053  13.5  204.8  21.5  503.0  28.5  
2023 305  3.9  11.7 1.2  101.0  5.7  
2028 336  4.3  13.0 1.4  233.6  13.3  
2030 2  0.0  -  -  -  -  
2033 604  7.8  0.3 0.0  10.5  0.6  
Remain dutiable  48  0.6  0.0 0.0  21.8  1.2  
TOTAL  7,790  100.0  951.3  100.0  1,761.8  100.0  
Phase -out 
period  No. 
lines  % of total 
lines  NEW ZEALAND  SINGAPORE  VIET NAM  
Value  % Value  % Value  % 
MFN (2021)   5,442   69.9  20.0  20.6  44.2  65.5  284.1   64.8  
2021  1,053   13.5  0.2  0.2  5.3  7.8  19.5  4.5  
2023  305   3.9  0.1  0.1  0.7  1.0  3.9  0.9  
2028  336   4.3  0.1  0.1  5.7  8.4  11.6  2.6  
2030  2   0.0  -  -  -  -  -  -  
2033  604   7.8  0.0  0.0  0.7  1.0  119.5   27.2  
Remain 
dutiable   48   0.6  76.5  79.0  11.0  16.3  0.1  0.0  
TOTAL  7,790  100.0  96.9 100.0  67.5 100.0  438.7  100.0  
Note:  Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provided by Peru.  
3.8.  Table 3.2 shows Peru's tariff liberalization by HS section by CPTPP Party.  The two lines 
becoming free in 2030 concern poultry leg quarters under 0207.13.00.11 and 0207.13.00.1 2. The 
last liberalization in 203 3 will comprise both agricultural and industrial products. All the products 
remaining dutiable are agricultural products in accordance with the WTO definition.   
Table 3.2 Peru: Tariff elimination under the CPT PP, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
average 
% Total 
Number 
of lines  Duty -free 
lines under 
the 
MFN 2021 Number of duty -free lines under CPTPP Number of 
lines 
remaining 
dutiable  2021  2023  2028  2030  2033  
I 1.6  460   335   74   5   7   2   15  22 
II 2.9  432   228   151   28   10    3  12 
III 1.7  70   50   13   4   3     
IV 3.1  322   155   85   48   16    5  13 
V 0.2  214   208   2   4      
VI 0.8  1,554   1,345   113   51   44    1 
VII 1.8  311   220   30   16   45     
VIII 2.1  79   52   25   2      
IX 2.3  149   93   31   7   18     
X 2.2  241   152   62   8   19     
XI 7.5  972   249   16   46   106    555   
XII 7.9  55   8   21      26   
XIII 1.5  174   130   32   7   5     
XIV 1.4  59   45   14       WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 15 - 
 
  HS 
Section  MFN 
average 
% Total 
Number 
of lines  Duty -free 
lines under 
the 
MFN 2021 Number of duty -free lines under CPTPP Number of 
lines 
remaining 
dutiable  2021  2023  2028  2030  2033  
XV 0.8  698   605   38   33   22     
XVI 0.7  1,207   1,087   68   18   34     
XVII 1.5  267   202   57   7   1     
XVIII 1.5  288   218   70       
XIX 4.2  69   21   48       
XX 4.6  162   39   96   21   6     
XXI 6.0  7    7       
Total  2.2 7,790  5,442  1,053  305  336  2  604  48 
Note: For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  parts of alternate 
rates are included.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Peru.  
 
3.9.  Table 3.3 shows the number of tariff lines remaining dutiable by HS Chapter. For all these lines 
the ad valorem  component is eliminated  and the specific rate is that applied on an MFN basis.  
Table 3.3 Peru: Dutiable lines by HS Chapter   
Chapter  04 10 11 17 19 21 23 35 
No. lines  22 9 3 8 2 2 1 1 
Note:  Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Peru.  
 
3.1.3   Other CPTPP Parties  9, 10 
3.10.  As indicated in paragraph 3.3.   above , the liberalization  schedules  of the other CPTPP Parties 
towards Peru are the same as for the other Parties, except for  Japan and Mexico. In the case of 
Japan, maize ( two ex -lines under 100590.099)11 is subject to a liberalization category that applies 
only to Peru; other differences exist however in the context of tariff differentials (see the following  
paragraph).  For Mexico, differences exist for 42 tariff lines for which Party -specific tariff-rate quotas 
(TRQs) do not apply to Peru.12 In both case s however the difference  in treatment does not  affect  the 
number o f the lines remaining dutiable .  
3.11.  The tariff differential rates applied by Japan to Peru (i.e. when different liberalization 
categories apply among the Parties) are presented in Table 3.4  (see Section 2.2 of 
WT/REG395/1/Add.3 for additional information).  
Table 3.4 Tariff differentials applied by Japan towards Peru  
Tariff Line  Description  Period  Treatment for Peru  Applied rate  
350510.100  Starches and 
derivatives  As from EIF for PER  (Excluded)  
Same as for MEX - NZL - SGP MFN rate, 6.8%  
720211.000  Ferro-manganese  2021-2022 Same as for MEX - SGP - VNM 0% 
750120.100,  
750210.000  Nickel  2021-2025 Same as for MEX - SGP - VNM 0% 
Note:  The table only includes products relevant for Parties for which the Agreement was in force on 19 
September 2021 and for which the period of application is 2021 or beyond.  
Source:  Appendix C to Japan's Annex 2 -D. 
 
9 Additional information can be found in the Party-specific Append ices 1 to 7 to the main report on the 
CPTPP  (WT/REG395/1/Add.1/Rev.1  and WT/REG395/1/Add.2 to Add.7).   
10 For the purpose of this Factual Presentation, MFN 2021 tariff lines  of Canada, Japan, Mexico , 
Singapore  and Viet Nam have been ali gned with the original 2018 CPTPP schedule. They may therefore not be 
fully in line with their most recent 2021 schedule.  
11 Two ex -lines are d uty-free for Peru as from entry into force but dutiable for  other Parties. Another ex -
line remains dutiable for import s from all CPTPP Parties including Peru.  
12 These lines may however be further liberalized under the Pacific Alliance or the Mexico -Peru FTA 
and/or benefit from TRQs under the latter.  WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 16 - 
 
  3.12.  Table 3.5 shows the tariff elimination commitments by each of the other seven CPTPP Parties 
towards Peru. In 2021, between 31.4%  and 69.9% of the Parties' MFN applied tariffs were duty free; 
Singapore maintain ed MFN applied tariffs on only two tariff lines. By 2021 four Parties (Australia, 
Singapore, Canada and New Zealand) had liberalized over 90% of their tariff lines  for imports  from 
Peru – the former two having already completed the ir scheduled liberalization. At the end of 
implementation, only New Zealand and Singapore will have removed tariffs on all lines. Japan 
liberalizes the least  – 95.9% of tariff lines by the end of impl ementation – while the others would 
have liberalized more than 98% of tariff lines. Transition periods vary from none ( Australia and 
Singapore) to 18 years (Japan).  
Table 3.5 Other CPTPP Parties: Tariff elimin ation commitments towards Peru under the 
CPTPP and corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -
out period   CPTPP Party imports from Peru  
(2018 -2020, USD million)  
 AUSTRALIA  CANADA 
 Lines  Imports  Lines  Imports  
 No % Value  % No % Value  % 
2021 (MFN)   3,195  49.4  145.3  87.7  4,992  68.4  2,039.1  93.6 
2021  3,266  50.4  20.4  12.3  1,983  27.2  138.4  6.4 
2022      15  0.2  -  - 
2023      79  1.1  0.1  0.0 
2024      1  0.0  -  - 
2028      125  1.7  0.2  0.0 
2029      8  0.1  0.0  0.0 
Remain 
dutiable   13  0.2  -   -   98  1.3  0.0  0.0 
TOTAL   6,474  100.0   165.6  100.0   7,301  100.0   2,177.8  100.0  
Phase -out 
period  JAPANa MEXICO  
Lines  Imports  Lines  Imports  
 No % Value  % No % Value  % 
2021 (MFN)   3,713   40.4   2,183.8   91.4   7,102   56.7  212.9  55.0 
2021  4,047   44.0   124.9   5.2   2,387   19.0  27.6 7.1 
2022      317   2.5  7.2 1.9 
2023  301   3.3   23.8   1.0      
2025  45   0.5   1.4   0.1   6   0.0  - - 
2026  8   0.1   -   -      
2027  8   0.1   -   -   2,331   18.6   111.6  28.9  
2028  567   6.2   52.3   2.2   1   0.0   -   -  
2029      2   0.0   -   -  
2030  6   0.1   -   -   50   0.4  0.3 0.1 
2032      55   0.4  13.4 3.5 
2033  115   1.3   0.0   0.0   216   1.7  13.4 3.5 
2038  6   0.1   -   -      
Remain 
dutiable   375   4.1   3.3   0.1   69   0.6  0.5 0.1 
TOTAL   9,191  100.0   2,389.5  100.0   12,536  100.0  386.9  100.0  
 NEW ZEALAND  SINGAPORE  VIET NAM  
 Lines  Imports  Lines  Imports  Lines  Imports  
 No % Value  % N° % Value  % N° % Value  % 
2021 
(MFN)  4,568  57.6 20.3 64.5 9,556  99.98  21.9 100 2,969  31.4   74.9   89.8  
2021  2,936  37.0 10.1 32.1  2  0.02 0.0 0.0 5,307  56.0   8.4   10.0  
2022   124  1.6 0.3 0.9      64   0.7   0.0   0.0  
2023           204   2.2   0.1   0.1  
2024  298 a 3.8 0.8 2.5      37   0.4   0.0   0.0  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 17 - 
 
   NEW ZEALAND  SINGAPORE  VIET NAM  
2025           240   2.5   0.1   0.1  
2027           27   0.3   -   -  
2028           395   4.2   0.0   0.0  
2029           27   0.3   0.0   0.0  
2030           5   0.1   -   -  
2033           19   0.2   0.0   0.0  
2038           13   0.1   -   -  
Remain 
dutiable   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   162   1.7   -   -  
TOTAL  7,926  100 31.5  100 9,558   100  21.9  100 9,469  100  83.4   100  
a Includes 37 tariff lines which correspond to parts of a final good, and for which the tariff is that 
applicable to the good for which the parts have been designed. Although the tariffs on these  lines 
will be eliminated at the same time as the tariffs for the final go od, for ease of calculation these 
products  were considered as becoming duty -free in 2024.  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates (both MFN and under the Agreement) are excluded from the 
computation. For the calculation of averages, specific rates ar e excluded and the ad valorem  parts of 
alternate rates are included.  
 Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature for Mexico , Singapore  and Viet Nam and HS 2017 
nomenclature  for other Parties . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Parties. For Viet Nam, WTO estimates based on data 
provided by Viet Nam and on data prepared by the WTO Secretariat using Annex 2 -D of the 
Agreement and UNSD, Comtrade Database.  
 
3.13.  Chart 3.2 shows tariff liberalization by other CPTPP Parties  for imports from  Peru by HS 
section. Following the Agreement's full implementation, only Australia, Mexico and Viet Nam will still 
apply tariffs on industrial products from Peru  – all under Section XVII . A numbe r of agricultural 
products (WTO definition) in HS Sections I -IV and VI will remain dutiable in Canada, Japan, Mexico 
and Viet Nam.  WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 18 - 
 
  Chart 3.2 CPTPP: Tariff elimination towards Peru under the Agreement, by HS S ection  
 
a Remain dutiable tariffs lines subject to specific rates only.  
b MFN rates subject to specific rates only.  
Note and Source : As table above.   
012345
0%20%40%60%80%100%
IIIIII IV VVIVIIVIII IX XXIXIIXIII XIV XVXVIXVIIa XVIII XIX XXXXITotalAustralia
010203040
0%20%40%60%80%100%
IIIIII IV VVIa VIIVIII IX XXIXIIXIII XIV XVXVIXVIIXVIII XIX XXXXITotalCanada
05101520
0%20%40%60%80%100%
IIIIII IV VVIVIIVIII IX XXIXIIXIII XIV XVXVIXVIIXVIII XIX XXXXITotalJapan
05101520
0%20%40%60%80%100%
IIIIII IV VVIVIIVIII IX XXIXIIXIII XIV XVXVIXVIIXVIII XIX XXXXITotal
Average MFN %Tariff linesMexico
0246810
0%20%40%60%80%100%
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI TotalNew Zealand
00.20.40.60.81
90%95%100%
I II III IVb V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI TotalSingapore
010203040
0%20%40%60%80%100%
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI TotalViet Nam
Free MFN, 2021 Free EIF, 2021 Free transition period Remain dutiable Avg. MFN tariff (%)WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 19 - 
 
  3.14.  Chart  3.3 presents the lines remaining dutiable for imports from Peru, covering 15 Chapters.  
Peru benefits from so me prefe rential treatment in all Parties  but not in all Chapters . Dairy products 
under  Chapter 4 remain dutiable in four out of the seven Parties, while vehicles remain dutiable in 
Australia, Mexico and Viet Nam.   
Chart 3.3 CPTPP Parties: Average of dutiable rates towards Peru, by HS Chapter  
 
Note: For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate 
rates are included . Based on the HS 2012 nomencla ture for Mexico and Viet Nam and HS 2017 
nomenclature for other Parties.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Parties.  
0123456Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterAustralia
*
87 050100150200250300
1 2 4 16 18 19 21 22 23 35Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterCanada
*
05101520253035
1 2 4 6Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterJapan
Preferential
MFN
*Specific rate
0102030405060
4 9 17 18 19 21 87Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterMexico
*       *
0102030405060708090
4 17 25 87Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterViet NamWT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 20 - 
 
  3.2  Tariff rate quotas  (TRQs)  
3.15.  Peru has no TRQs under the Agreement.  
3.16.  Four CPTPP Parties (Canada, Japan, Mexico and Viet Nam) grant either Agreement -wide or 
country -specific TRQs  (see Section 3.4.1 and Annex 1 of the CPTPP Factual Presentation):  
a. Peru benefits from all Agreement -wide TRQs, as any other CPTTP Party ;  
b. no country -specific TRQ is g ranted to Peru. Mexico 's TRQs, all of which are country -
specific, have been opened for the six initial CPTPP Parties , but not for Peru.13  
3.3  Export duties and quantitative restrictions on exports  
3.17.  Peru does not apply export duties.  
3.18.  The CPTPP's general prohibition on export duties and charges and on quantitative restrictions 
on exports applies to Peru ; see Section 3.3 of the CPTPP Factual Presentation . Export restrictions 
may nevertheless be applied by Peru with respect to rough diamonds under  the Kimber ley Process 
Certification Scheme (general exemption in Annex 2 -A to the CPTPP).   
3.4  Technical barriers to trade  
3.19.  The disciplines of Chapter 8 of the CPTPP on technical barriers to trade (TBT) are 
complemented by s even sectoral annexes , of which two have provis ions that are specific to Peru:  
a. with respect to Annex 8-A: Wine and Distilled Spirits , Peru may require  that all distilled 
spirits with less than 10% alc ohol/volume have a date of minimum durability ; and 
b. Annex 8-D on Cosmetics  prohibits making mandatory the marketing authorisation or 
notification number  on cosmetics labels . Peru has a grace period of five years  to examine 
other mechanisms that would be consistent with its obligations under the CPTPP and the 
TBT Agreement. Peru shall report to th e TBT Committee about its review upon request by 
another Party.  As of February 2023, no change was introduced in Peru's legislation on  
cosmetics.  
3.5  Customs -related procedures and trade facilitation  
3.20.  An importer may make a claim for preferential tariff treatm ent based on a certificate of origin 
completed by either the exporter, producer or importer (Article  3.20). Peru has a grace period of 
five years to recognize the certification of origin by the importer.  
4  TRADE IN SERVICES AND INVESTMENT  
4.1  Movement of natural  persons  
4.1.  Peru's commitments in mode 4 are broader than in its GATS schedules as they cover a larger 
number of categories of natural persons  although the length of stay for these categories is shorter 
under the Agreement . Under the GATS, Peru allows the temporary entry of natural persons employed 
in sectors in which it has commitments for up to three years with possible extensions, provided that 
the company complies with certain conditions ; under the Agreement it is generally one year which 
can be renewed . "Business persons of a Party" do not include permanent residents which are not 
nationals of a Party.14 Peru's commitments under the Agreement and the GATS are summarized in 
Table 4.1 below.  
 
13 The TRQs are granted on dairy, eggs, food preparations containing dairy and sugar . However, under 
the Pacific Alliance, for all these products except sugar a duty -free regime will be in place at the latest by 
2026.  
14 Peru did not ma ke a notification stating otherwise at the time of entry into force of the WTO 
Agreement.  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 21 - 
 
  4.2.  Mode 4 commitments apply on the basis of reciprocity, as indicat ed in Peru's Schedule to Annex 
12-A.  
Table 4.1 Comparison of categories and length of stay for temporary entry of 
businesspersons in CPTPP and the GATS  
Category  GATS  
commitments 
and  
length of stay CPTPP Commitments  
Length of stay  Spouses and/  
or dependents  
Peru     
A. Business visitors  
• Business persons  
• Service sellers  None 183 days  No 
B. Intra -corporate transferees  (ICTs)  
• Executives  
• Managers  
• Specialists  3 years, 
renewable  One year, renewable  Spouses in 
accordance with 
Peru's laws and 
regulations  
C. Investors  
• Independent Executives  
• Persons responsible for 
setting up an investment  None One year, renewable  Spouses in 
accordance with 
Peru's laws and 
regulations  
D. Professionals  
• Professional s, Independent 
Professionals, Professionals 
and Technicians; Professionals 
and Technician -Professionals; 
Qualified Professionals  
 
• Contractual Service Suppliers  
(CSSs)  None  
One year, renewable  
 
 
 
 
 
90 days, renewable for one 
year  
No 
 
 
 
 
 
No 
E. Technicians  
• Professionals  and Technicians 
or Professionals and 
Technician -Professionals  
 
• CSSs None  
One year, renewable  
 
 
 
90 days, renewable for one 
year  
No 
 
 
 
No 
 
Source:  CPTPP's Chapter 12 , Annex 12 -A of Peru and Peru's Draft Consolidated GATS Schedule of Specific 
Commitments (S/DCS/W/PER) . 
 
4.3.  Table 4.2 and 4.3 provides a breakdown of statistics regarding the movement of natural 
persons for the period 201 8-2020, by different categories , as supplied by Australia, Peru and Japan . 
If data for 2020 is disregarded (in light of the COVID -19 pandemic ), figures show in general an 
increase in the movement of natural persons in 2019  as compared to 2018 for Japan, Mexico and 
Singapore. The m ovement of natural persons is relatively more frequent between Peru and Mexico 
and less frequent between Peru and Singapore . 
Table 4.2 Peru: Movement of Natural Persons to /from other CPTPP Parties  (2018 -2020)  
Movement 
and 
Category  2018  2019  2020  2018  2019  2020  2018  2019  2020  2018  2019  2020  
 PER TO AUS  AUS TO PER  PER TO CAN  CAN TO PER  
Business  0 0 0 482 452 75 183 214 35 393 427 75 
Investors  0 0 0 5 5 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 
Workers  0 0 0 396 307 69 218 276 57 399 344 81 
Total 0 0 0 883 764 146 401 490 92 795 771 156 
 PER TO JPN  JPN TO PER  PER TO MEX  MEX TO PER  
Business  0 0 0 276 299 68 3,801  5,196  779 3,648  4,801  1,039  
Investors  0 0 0 3 4 1 0 0 0 9 9 2 
Workers  2 18 0 597 659 152 2,896  3,292  722 1,619  1,646  493 
Total 2 18 0 876 962 221 6,697  8,488  1,501  5,276  6,456  1,534  WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 22 - 
 
  Movement 
and 
Category  2018  2019  2020  2018  2019  2020  2018  2019  2020  2018  2019  2020  
 PER TO NZL  NZL TO PER  PER TO SGP  SGP TO PER  
Business  0 0 0 41 56 10 0 0 0 49 58 1 
Investors  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Workers  0 0 0 37 51 13 0 0 0 0 12 4 
Total 0 0 0 78 107 23 0 0 0 49 70 5 
 PER TO VNM  VNM TO PER    
Business  0 0 0 111 119 32       
Investors  0 0 0 0 0 0       
Workers  0 0 0 148 111 17       
Total 0 0 0 259 230 49       
Source:  Authorities from Peru , "Superintendencia Nacional De Migraciones" . 
Table 4.3 Australia and Japan: Movement of Natural Persons to/from Peru  (2018 -2020)  
Movement and Category  AUS TO PER  PER TO JPN  
2018  2019  2020  2018  2019  2020  
ICTs 0 <5 <5 0 0 1 
CSSs 50 29 20 6 8 6 
Service sellers/persons responsible for 
setting up commercial presence     860 935 132 
Total 50 31 21 5,280  6,237  1,375  
Source:  Data provided by the Australian and Japanese authorities.  
 
4.2  Liberalization of trade in services  
4.4.  Peru's GATS MFN exemptions cover measures implementing its reciprocal labour agreements 
or on dual nationality; land and sea transport measures taken in the Andean context; land transport 
measures implementing the Conven tion on International Land Transport, the law promoting Latin 
American artists interpreting Latin American themes and certain measures designed to ensure 
reciprocity for certain financial intermediation services. Under the Agreement, Peru lists existing MFN 
non-conforming measures on radio transmission services within border areas. A horizontal MFN 
reservation  is also registered for existing and future measures  that accord differential treatment to 
countries under any bilateral or multilateral agreements in  force on, or signed prior to, the date of 
entry into force of the Agreement. The granting of differential treatment is also reserved for future 
bilateral or multilateral agreements involving aviation, fisheries, or maritime matters, including 
salvage.  
4.2.1   Horizontal commitments  
4.5.  As regards future measures, Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure granting 
rights for the protection of indigenous, native and peasant communities and to deviate from 
obligations on social services. Future non -conforming measures could also be adopted in matters 
related to fishing; cultural industries; handicraft; audio -visual industries; jewellery and certain other 
artistic activities; water and sewage services; certain educational services; domestic and 
internatio nal land transportation of cargo or passengers in border areas; and public 
telecommunication services. The reservation on cultural industries appl ies to distribution, wholesale 
trade and retailing services for books, magazines, periodicals or newspapers, a s well as for audio, 
music and video recordings. Peru has reserved the right to apply all future non -conforming measures 
at the federal, regional and municipal level.  
4.6.  Peru's horizontal limitations under the GATS are maintained in the Agreement: all employe rs 
in Peru, independent of their activities or nationality, shall give preferential treatment to nationals 
when hiring; at least 80% of the staff of a company established in Peru shall be Peruvian, and shall 
represent at least 70% of the total payroll of t he company; investments 50 km  from the frontier are 
reserved for nationals.  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 23 - 
 
  4.7.  Further, a quasi -horizontal limitation in Annex II (reservation 19) allows Peru to apply market 
access limitations in all services sectors, except for some sectors/sub -sectors lis ted in the 
reservation. In a few cases, th is is the only reservation applying to certain sectors.  
4.2.2   Sector -specific commitments  
4.8.  Table 4.4 presents Peru's sectoral commitments under the Agreement  as compared to its GATS 
schedule for modes 1 -3, excluding horizontal measures.  The quasi -horizontal reservation 19, though 
presented a s a horizontal measure in Annex II, is nevertheless included  in the table since  some 
sectors have been exempted from the limitation.  
Table 4.4 Peru 's sector -specific commitments (modes 1 -3 only) under the GATS  and the 
Agreement   
Sectors (CPC Classification)  
RTA as 
compared  
to the GATS  GATS  RTA Sectoral 
commitm
ents 
Sectoral 
commit -
ments  Reservations numbered 
in order of appearance  
Existinga 
(Annex I)  Futurea 
(Annex II)  
1. Business services  
A. Professional  Services  Broader  Partial  Partial  7, 8, 9  10, 19 
B. Computer  and Related  Services  New None Full   
C. Research  and Development  Services  New None Partial  25 19 
D. Real  Estate  Services  New None Full   
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  Broader  Partial  Partial   19 
F. Other  Business  Services  Broader  Partial  Partial  2, 10, 13 , 26 4, 5, 6, 8, 
9, 19 
2. Communication services  
A. Postal  services  New None Partial   19 
B. Courier  services  New None Partial   19 
C. Telecommunication  services  Broader  Partial  Partial  17 13, 19 
D. Audiovisual  services  New None Partial  3, 4, 5, 11, 
15 5, 7, 9, 19  
E. Other  New None Partial   19 
3. Construction and related engineering services  
A. General  construction  work for buildings  New None Partial   19 
B. General  construction  work for civil engineering  New None Partial   19 
C. Installation  and assembly  work  New None Partial   19 
D. Building  completion  and finishing  work  New None Partial   19 
E. Other  New None Partial   19 
4. Distribution services  
A. Commission  agents'  services  New None Partial   19 
B. Wholesale  trade  services  Broader  Partial  Partial   5, 6, 19  
C. Retailing  services  Broader  Partial  Partial   5, 6, 19  
D. Franchising  New None Full   
E. Other  New None Partial   19 
5. Educational services  
A. Primary education services  New None Partial   10, 14, 19  
B. Secondary education services  New None Partial   10, 14, 19  
C. Higher education services  New None Partial   10, 14, 19  
D. Adult education  New None Partial   10, 14, 19  
E. Other education services  New None Partial   10, 14, 19  
6. Environmental services  
A. Sewage services  New None Partial   12, 19 
B. Refuse disposal services  New None Partial   19 
C. Sanitation and similar services  New None Partial   11, 19  
D. Other  New None Partial   19 WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 24 - 
 
  Sectors (CPC Classification)  
RTA as 
compared  
to the GATS  GATS  RTA Sectoral 
commitm
ents 
Sectoral 
commit -
ments  Reservations numbered 
in order of appearance  
Existinga 
(Annex I)  Futurea 
(Annex II)  
7. Financial services  
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services  Broader  Partial  Partial  2A, 6A  19, 1B, 2B, 
3B 
B. Banking  and other  financial  services  Broader  Partial  Partial  1A, 3A, 4A, 
5A, 6A  19, 2B, 3B  
C. Other  Broader  Partial  Partial   19, 2B, 3B  
8. Health related and social services  
A. Hospital services  Same  None None  10, 19 
B. Other Human Health Services  Same  None None  10, 19  
C. Social Services  Same  None None  10, 19  
D. Other  Same  None None  10, 19  
9. Tourism and travel related services  
A. Hotels  and restaurants (incl. catering)  Broader  Partial  Full   
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators'  services  Broader  Partial  Full   
C. Tourist  guides  services  New None Full   
D. Other  New None Full   
10. Recreational and cultural and sporting services  
A. Entertainment  services  Broader Partial  Partial  11, 12, 14  5, 8, 9, 19  
B. News agency services  Broader None Partial   5 
C. Libraries, archives, museums and other 
cultural services  Broader None Partial   5, 6, 8  
D. Sporting and other recreational services  Broader Partial  Partial    
E. Other  New None Partial    
11. Transport services  
A. Maritime Transport Services  Broader Partial  Partial  2, 19, 20, 
21, 22  19 B. Internal Waterways Transport services  Broader Partial  Partial  
C. Air  Transport  Services  New None Partial  17 17, 18, 19  
D. Space  Transport services  New None Partial   19 
E. Rail  Transport  Services  New None Partial   19 
F. Road  Transport  Services  New None Partial  23, 24  15, 16, 19  
G. Pipeline  Transport services  New None Partial   19 
H. Services  auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  New None Partial  16  
I. Other  Transport  Services  New None Partial   19 
Note:  MFN and horizontal limitations, as well as mode 4 commitments/limitations are not considered.  The 
quasi -horizontal market access limitation is included in the table.  
a Reservations in financial services  are listed in Sections A and B of Annex III.  
Partial:  Commitments are subject to one or more sector -specific limitation/reservation . 
Full: Commitments are not subject to any sector -specific limitation/reservation.  
Broader : Additional sub -sectors covered and/or measures are more liberal (in terms of restrictiveness) as 
compared to the GATS.  
Source:  Draft Consolidated GATS Schedule of Specific Commitments (S/DCS/W/ PER), prepared by the 
Secretariat and Peru's Schedules annexed to the Agreement.  
 
4.9.  Peru's sectoral liberalization under the Agreement  goes beyond its GATS commitments . The 
following sectors have been fully liberalized: computer  and related services, real estate services; 
franchising ; other related distribution services; all tourism and travel related services . Some other 
sectors are liberalized except for the possibility to impose quantitative restrictions : rental/leasing 
servic es without operators; p ostal services; courier services; other communication services; all 
construction and related engineering services; commission agents' services; other distribution 
services; refuse disposal services; other environmental services;  sporting and other recreational 
services ; other recreational and cultural and sporting services; space, rail transport, pipeline , and 
other transport services.  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 25 - 
 
  4.2.3   Business services  
4.10.  Peru covered some sub -sectors under the GATS; under the Agreement , all sub -sectors  are 
included but some non -conforming measures – in particular nationality requirements - are listed for 
some legal services, auditing and architectural services, R&D services, advertising services, services 
incidental to fishing, energy distribution, and investigation and security as well as for future 
measures in services incidental to fishing and printing and publishing. For these sectors, some 
market access is provided with  a few limitations (e.g. number of notaries related to the population) ; 
otherwise , the general market limitation applies.  
4.2.4   Communication services  
4.11.  Postal and courier services, not committed under the GATS, are liberalized subject to the 
possibility to apply numeric limitations. Express delivery services  are fully open for mode 3 but 
modes 1 and 2 are not bound.  
4.12.  Peru has adopted the GATS Reference Paper on Telecommunications. Its commitments under 
the Agreement have been undertaken on the basis of a number of flexibilities : 
a. rural operator s are exempted from obligations for major supplier s (Annex 13 -B)15 
regarding number portability; provisioning and pricing of leased circuits services; co -
location; or access to poles, ducts, conduits, and rights -of-way owned or controlled by 
themselves ; 
b. assigned bands are to be made publicly  available only to provide access to end -users; the 
general CPTPP obligation extends to all frequency bands except those for government use 
(footnote to Article 13.19);  
c. as regards resolution of telecommunications disputes, enterprises may not petition for 
reconsideration of rulings of general application unless provided for under Peru's laws and 
regulations.  
4.13.  Under the GATS Peru has  covered only some telecommunication services. Under the 
Agreement, commitments have been taken for all additional sub -sectors, subject however to 
limitations. These apply to existing measures in telecommunication services, particularly on call -
back services (as under the GATS) as well as on audio -visual services (through the cultural 
reservation). Market access limitations on tele communications are restricted to the need for having 
a concession, authorization or registration.  
4.2.5   Construction and related engineering services  
4.14.  The supply of construction and related engineering services, unbound under the GATS, has 
been liberalized under the Agreement . Nevertheless, the  general market access limitation applies to 
the whole sector , with the exception of consulting services related to construction  which are  free on 
modes 1 -3. 
4.2.6   Distribution services  
4.15.  Peru broadens its commitments in wholesale t rade and retailing services by expanding both 
the sectoral and modal coverage, while maintaining three reservations, in cultural industries , 
handicrafts  and market access . Under the latter, Peru reserves the right to adopt or maintain any 
measure affecting the design, distribution, sale or exhibition of handicrafts.  In addition to these 
products, limitations apply to the number of commission agents ' services and wholesale trade 
services for hydrocarbons, and the retail ing of alcohol and tobacco.  Franchising, not commi tted 
under the GATS, is liberalized.  
 
15 Definitions of "rural area" and "rural operator"  are included in the Annex . WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 26 - 
 
  4.2.7   Educational services  
4.16.  Peru has opened up foreign investment from CPTPP Parties in private education, while 
reserving the right to maintain or introduce measures regarding the supply of educational ser vices 
by natural persons. It also reserves the right to adopt or maintain any measure  under  the cross -
sectoral social services reservation, including on public education and public training services . The 
market access reservation applies to the whole secto r except mode 2 in higher education services.  
4.2.8   Environmental services  
4.17.  Peru has  no GATS commitments  in this sector. Under the Agreement , Peru reserves the right 
to adopt or maintain any measure with respect to local presence related to public supply of potable 
water and public sewage services.  Beyond that, full liberalization applies subject to the market 
access reservation – which is nevertheless waived for environmental consulting services.  
4.2.9   Financial services  
4.18.  In the WTO, Peru has not committed to the Understanding on Commitments in Financial 
Services (hereafter the GATS Understanding) . Since CPTPP obligations build upon those under the 
GATS and the GATS Understanding, under the CPTPP Peru has accepted obligations going beyond 
those of the GATS.   
4.19.  Compared to the GATS Understanding, Peru's commitments under Agreement in terms of 
cross-border supply of financial services (Annex  11-A) are: 
a. broader in relation to insurance, as it also includes insurance intermediation services ( like 
for other CPTPP Parties);  
b. the same for banking and other financial services. Footnotes clarify that trading platform s, 
whether electronic or phy sical, are outside the Agreement's scope , and that treatment of 
personal data  shall be in  accordance with Peru 's law and its specific commitments.  
Peru has also reserved the right to base cross-border trade in financial services on reciprocity 
(footnote 22  to Annex 11 -A). 
4.20.  More generally, there is a broad financial services reservation for future measures on social 
security , as it relates to income security and insurance, social security, and social welfare . Peru has 
made broader commitments in insurance and  insurance related services, in mode 1 (unbound under 
the GATS) and expand ed sectoral coverage in modes 2 -3. For example, in life, accident and health 
insurance services, it adds commitments in mode 2, expands sectoral coverage and removes the 
restrictions  in mode 3. Peru reserves the right to apply mode 1 measures under conditions of 
reciprocity . Improvements are also made in non -life insurance, reinsurance and retrocession, and 
services auxiliary to insurance. Peru reserves the right to restrict the acqui sition of obligatory 
insurance outside Peru, and to require that it be purchased from suppliers established in Peru.  
Limitations also apply on the location of the capital of a subsidiary institution and on the provision 
of prefere ntial treatment to creditors domiciled in Peru in case of liquidation of a branch. Broader 
commitments  are also made  in banking and other financial services with the liberalization of mode 
2, unbound under the GATS , and the removal of the GATS mode 3 reserv ation on  acceptance of 
deposits. In mode 1, largely unbound under the GATS, Peru made commitments on the provision 
and transfer of financial information and financial data processing and related software, and advisory 
and other auxiliary financial services  excluding intermediation. Other reservations  include  capital 
requirements for branches, preferential treatment to entities with State participation, and a 
prohibition on the establishment of branches or agencies to supply services in the securities market  
or related to asset management . 
4.21.  Like other CPTPP Parties, Peru has exchanged side letters with Viet Nam, Malaysia and Chile  
on electronic payment services (EPS); additional information can be found in Section 4.6.1 of the 
CPTPP Factual Presentation.  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 27 - 
 
  4.2.10   Healt h related and social services  
4.22.  Peru has not undertaken commitments under the GATS. Under the Agreement, the sector is  
subject to a broad reservation with respect to future measures affecting services such as correctional 
services, social security, social we lfare, health and childcare , and to market access limitations. This 
sector remains therefore de facto  carved out from the Agreement's scope.  
4.2.11   Tourism and travel related services  
4.23.  The supply of tourism and travel related services, partially committed under th e GATS, has 
been liberalized under the Agreement.  
4.2.12   Recreational, cultural and sporting services  
4.24.  Trade in services in a number of sub -sectors is restricted due to cross-sectoral cultural 
reservation s. Entertainment services remain subject to nationality and wage requirements.  
Quantitative restrictions may be applied only for theatre, visual arts and musical production, and 
circus  services .  
4.2.13   Transport services  
4.25.  Peru's specific commitments in the GATS are limited to passenger transportation for maritime 
transport services and internal waterways transport. In the Agreement, no additional market access 
commitments are under taken in these sub -sectors ; however, in roa d transport and auxiliary 
transport services, Peru fully liberalizes modes 1 -3, while at the same time listing existing non -
conforming measures for both sub -sectors. Non -conforming measures apply to freight transportation 
(for maritime and road transport s ervices), support services for road transport services, and certain 
services auxiliary to all modes of transport (storage and warehouse services), and services related 
to passenger transportation (maritime transport services and internal waterways transpor t). 
Quantitative restrictions may be imposed in all sectors except in services auxiliary to all modes of 
transport.  
4.2.14   Other provisions on investment  
4.26.  A pre -existing bilateral agreement between Australia and Peru on the promotion and 
protection of investments was terminated on 11 February 2020, upon the entry into in force of the 
Peru-Australia Free Trade Agreement  (PAFTA) .16 That termination was foreseen in a  bilateral side 
letter signed under the CPTPP  which became redundant given th at PAFTA entered into f orce prior to 
Peru's implementation of  the CPTPP.  
5  GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  
5.1  Dispute settlement  
5.1.  The application of the Agreement's Investor -State Dispute Settlement mechanism (ISDS) with 
respect to P eru is modified as follows:  
a. a forum exclusion  clause provides that if a claim is submitted to a Peruvian court or 
administrative tribunal , it cannot thereafter or simultaneously be submitted to arbitration 
under ISDS  (Annex 9 -J of the CPTPP) ;  
b. investors of Peru and New Zealand shall not have  recourse to ISDS against each other , in 
accordance with a bilateral side letter ; and 
 
16 The agreement shall continue to apply for five years from the date of its termination to any 
investment made before that date  with res pect to any act or fact that took place or any situation that existed 
before the date of termination. An investor may only submit a claim within three years of the termination.  WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 28 - 
 
  c. in a Declaration , Peru has denied other CPTPP Parties recourse to ISDS with respect to 
claims challenging a tobacco control measure .17 
5.2  Relationship with other agreements concluded by the Parties  
5.2.  Table 5.1 below sets out other regional trade agreements to which Peru is party.  
Table 5.1 Peru: Participation in other RTAs (notified and non -notified in force), as of 
31 January 2023  
RTA Name  Entry into 
forcea Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year  WTO Provision  
United Kingdom - Colombia, 
Ecuador and Peru  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Peru - Australia  11-Feb-20 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Peru - Honduras  01-Jan-17 Goods & 
Services  2018 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Pacific Alliance  01-May-16 Goods & 
Services  2016 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Costa Rica - Peru 01-Jun-13 Goods & 
Services  2013 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru  01-Mar-13 Goods & 
Services  2013 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
• EU - Colombia and Peru - 
Accession of Ecuador  01-Jan-17 Goods & 
Services  2017 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Panama - Peru 01-May-12 Goods & 
Services  2012 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Japan - Peru 01-Mar-12 Goods & 
Services  2012 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Peru - Mexico  01-Feb-12 Goods & 
Services  2012 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V;  
Enabling Clause - Changes to LAIA TM 
80 
Peru - Republic of Korea  01-Aug-11 Goods & 
Services  2011 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EFTA - Peru 01-Jul-11 Goods  2011 GATT Art. XXIV  
Peru - China  01-Mar-10 Goods & 
Services  2010 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Peru - Singapore  01-Aug-09 Goods & 
Services  2009 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Canada - Peru 01-Aug-09 Goods & 
Services  2009 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Peru - Chile 01-Mar-09 Goods & 
Services  2011 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V;  
Enabling Clause - Changes to LAIA TM 
80 
United States - Peru 01-Feb-09 Goods & 
Services  2009 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
MERCOSUR - Peru  
[LAIA, AAP.CE 58]  02-Jan-06 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to LAIA TM 
80 
Peru - Cuba  
[LAIA, AAP.CE 50]  09-Mar-01 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to LAIA TM 
80 
LAIA - Seeds  
[LAIA, AAP.AG 2]  18-Jun-93 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to LAIA TM 
80 
GSTP)  19-Apr-89 Goods  1989 Enabling Clause  
Andean Community (CAN)  25-May-88 
14-Dec-06 Goods  
Services  1990 Enabling Clause  
Not notified  
LAIA – Agreement on Regional 
Tariff Preference  
[LAIA, AAR.PAR 4]  01-Jul-84 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to LAIA TM 
80 
Latin American Integration 
Association (LAIA)  18-Mar-81 Goods  1982 Enabling Clause  
• LAIA - Accession of Panama  03-May-12 Goods  Not notified  
 
17 In accordance with Article 2 of the CPTPP, t wo additional modifications speci fic to Peru remain 
suspended : (i) the application of Annex 11 -E on claims with respect to minimum standard of treatment in 
financial services, and (ii) the  possible suspension of certain ISDS provisions in relation to "stability 
agreements" entered b y Peru with respect to covered investments or investors of another Party  in Annex 9 -L.  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 29 - 
 
  RTA Name  Entry into 
forcea Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year  WTO Provision  
• LAIA - Accession of Cuba  26-Aug-99 Goods  1999 Enabling Clause  
Protocol on Trade Negotiations 
(PTN)  11-Feb-73 Goods  1971 Enabling Clause  
Peru - Thailand  31-Dec-11 Goods  Not notified  
a Dates of the entry into force for at least one of the Parties.  
Note: The LAIA reference is indicated in brackets for some RTAs notified as a change to LAIA's TM 80. 
Further details can be found at: http://www.aladi.org . 
Source:  WTO Secretariat. Further inf ormation on these agreements and on specific dates of entry into 
force/provisional application can b e found in the WTO Database on RTAs: http://rtais.wto.org .  
5.3  Government procurement  
5.3.  Peru is not a party to the WTO Agre ement on Government Procurement (GPA).   
5.4.  Peru did not adopt, nor does it maintain, any of the transitional measures available for 
developing Parties under Article 15. However, i ts thresholds for government procurement of goods 
and services by entities at th e central level of Government as well as other entities (Sections A and 
C of Peru's Annex 15 -A respectively) are lower than those generally applied by other CPT PP Parties 
as well as by Parties to the GPA (see Table 5.2). 
Table 5.2: Thresholds under Annex 15 -A of Peru (SDRs unless otherwise specified)a 
Party  Section A (Central 
Government Entities)  Section B (Sub -central 
Government Entities)  Section C (Other Entities)  
Goods and 
Services  Construction 
services  Goods and 
Services  Construction 
services  Goods and 
Services  Construction 
services  
PER 95,000  5,000,000  200,000  5,000,000  160,000  5,000,000  
Thresholds applied by most of the Parties to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement  
 130,000  5,000,000  200,000  5,000,000  400,000  5,000,000  
Source:  Peru's Schedule in Annex 15 -A to the CPTPP and the WTO website.  
 
5.5.  For certain entities, Mexico has made use of the transitional provisions of Article 15.5  with 
respect to Peru; accordingly, t he transitional thresholds are replaced by the respective thresholds 
under the Pacific Alliance.18  
5.4  Intellectual property rights  
5.6.  Peru has exchanged various side letters on the recognition of specific geographical indications 
(GIs) or treatment of certain terms , as listed in Table 5.3 below .19 
Table 5.3: Side Letters exchanged between Parties on GIs  
Side letter s and Parties  Product  
Newly recognized GI  
Peru-New Zealand  New Zealand : GI recognition for  Pisco  
GIs or other protection for specific products  under existing RTAs  
Peru-Canada  (under 2009 FTA)  Peru: GI recognition for  Canadian Whisky , Canadian Rye Whisky , 
Whisky Canadiense  and Whisky canadiense de Centeno  
Canada: GI recognition for Pisco, Perú  
Peru-Japan  (under 2012 FTA)  Peru: GI recognition for  Iki, Kuma , Ryukyu and Satsuma  
Japan: GI recognition for  Pisco Perú  
Peru-Mexico  (under 2011 FTA)  Peru: denomination of origin for Tequilla  
Mexico: denomination of origin for Pisco 
 
18 In practice, this reduces the transition period by two years.  
19 A letter was also signed with Malaysia for which the Agreement is not in force yet.  WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 30 - 
 
  Side letter s and Parties  Product  
Peru-Singapore  (under 2008 FTA)  Singapore: GI recognition for  Pisco, Maiz Blanco Gigante Cusco  and 
Chulucanas  
Treatment of certain items  
Peru-Australia  Treatment granted by A ustralia to Pisco, Peru  
Source:  WTO Secretariat on the basis of information from the Parties.  
 
5.7.  Bilateral side letters  on biodiversity, traditional knowledge and equitable sharing of benefits 
were exchanged between Peru and  all signatories  except Japan and Singapore . In the letter with 
Canada, the signatories "recognize that the equitable sharing of benefits that may result from the 
utilisation of traditional knowledge relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological 
diversity can be addressed through a ppropriate mechanisms" . In the other letters, the signatories 
"recogni ze that access to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, as well as the 
equitable sharing of benefits that may result from the utilisation of that traditional knowledge , can 
be adequately addressed through contracts or other instruments that reflect mutually agreed terms 
between users and providers ".  
5.8.  Like other CPTPP Parties, Peru has exchanged side letters with Viet Nam for the marketing of 
certain pharmaceutical produ cts and on the protection of undisclosed test or other data for 
agricultural chemical products.  
5.9.  The transition periods or exemptions originally granted to Peru in Article 18.83 and Annex 18 -
D are related to  provisions in Chapter 18 which have been suspend ed by  Article 2 of the CPTPP .  
5.5  Labour  
5.10.  As is the case with other CPTPP Parties, Peru has exchanged a side letter with Viet Nam on 
labour; additional information can be found in Section 5.13 of the CPTPP Factual Presentation.  
5.6  Electronic commerce  
5.11.  As is the case with other CPTPP Parties, Peru has exchanged a side letter with Viet Nam on 
its Cyber Security Law and related legislation ; additional information can be found in Section 5.14 
of the CPTPP Factual Presentation.  
5.7  Other  
5.7.1   Anti-corruption  
5.12.  Peru has exc hanged side letters with Australia, Singapore and Viet Nam20 in relation to Annex 
26-A on Transparency and Procedural Fairness for Pharmaceutical Products and Medical Devices. 
The Parties recognize therein that their commitment to "facilitating high -qualit y health care" (in 
Article 2 of the Annex) does not refer "to specific final outcomes in a Party's health care system, 
including the selection of specific pharmaceutical products. "  
 
20 Also with Brunei Darussalam for which the Agreement was not in force on 19 September 2022 . WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 31 - 
 
  ANNEX 1  
SIDE LETTERS BETWEEN PERU AND OTHER CPTPP  PARTIES  
Parties  Topic  Refers to  Reference 
to DS  
ALL Note on Interpretation of "In Like 
Circumstances"  Chapter 9  No 
ALL Peru: No ISDS for tobacco products  Chapters 9 & 29  Reference 
to ISDS  
Bilateral side letters  
AUS - PER Letter to maintain TPP bilateral agreements  Chapters 9 & 18  No 
AUS - PER Distinctive products  Chapter 18  No 
AUS - PER Termination Investment Agr eement  Chapter 9  No 
AUS - PER Letter to maintain TPP bilateral understandings   No 
AUS - PER Traditional knowledge  Chapters 18 & 20  No 
AUS - PER Pharmaceuticals and medical devices  Chapter 26  No 
CAN - PER Canadian Cultural Industries  Annex II  No 
CAN - PER Letter to rollover of original TPP letters to the 
CPTPP   No 
CAN - PER Biodiversity and traditional knowledge  Chapters 18 & 20  No 
CAN - PER Geographical Indications  Chapter 18  No 
JPN - PER Geographical Indications in Peru -Japan SEP  Chapter 18  No 
PER - MEX Biodiversity and traditional knowledge  Chapters 18 & 20  No 
PER - MEX Geographical Indications  Chapter 18  No 
NZL - PER ISDS Chapter 9  Reference 
to ISDS  
NZL - PER Letter to maintain TPP letters   No 
NZL - PER Biodiversity and traditional knowledge  Chapters 18 & 20  No 
NZL - PER Geographical Indications  Chapter 18  No 
PER - SGP Letter to rollover TPP letters    
PER - SGP Pharmaceuticals and medical devices  Chapter 26  No 
PER - SGP Geographical Indications  Chapter 18  No 
PER-VNM Letter to rollover TPP letters   No 
PER-VNM Biodiversity and traditional knowledge  Chapters 18 & 20  No 
PER-VNM Pharmaceuticals and medical devices  Chapter 26  No 
PER-VNM Electronic Payment Services  Chapter 11 & Annex 11 -B No 
PER-VNM E-Commerce and cyber security  Chapter 14  Yes 
PER-VNM Labour  Chapter 19  Yes 
PER-VNM Agricultural chemical products  Chapter 18  Yes 
PER-VNM Marketing of Pharmaceutical products  Chapter 18  No 
Source:  WTO Secretariat on the basis of information from the Parties.   WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 32 - 
 
  ANNEX 2 
TARIFF LIBERALIZATION (% OF DUTY -FREE LINES) UNDER THE AGREEMENT,  EXISTING RTAS 
AND MFN RATES  
1. The table below presents the percentage of duty -free tariff lines applied by each Party in terms 
of the applied MFN rate, and preferential rates under the Agreement as well as  under other existing 
RTAs between the Parties  (Chart 3.1 and analysed in paragraphs 3.4.  -3.5.   above ). 
2. In 2021, between 31.4% and 69.9% of the Parties' MFN applied tariffs  were duty free; 
Singapore maintained MFN applied tariffs on only two tariff lines. A comparison with other 
overlapping RTAs shows that once the Agreement is fully implemented, tariff liberalization by Japan, 
Mexico and Viet Nam is expected to be greater t han under their respective overlapping RTAs.  
Table A2. 1 Tariff liberalization (% of duty -free lines) under the Agreement, existing RTAs 
and MFN rates  
Exp 
Imp MFN &  
RTAs  Year AUS CAN JPN MEX NZL PER SGP VNM 
AUS MFN 2021  49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4 
CPTPP  2021  99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 
END  - - - - - - - 
RD  0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
EOI year  
(Years)   2021 
(4) 2021 
(4) 2021 
(4) 2021 
(4) 2021 
(0) 2021 
(4) 2021 (4)  
RTA 2021   99.9  100 96.0 100 100 
END   -  - 3.8 - - 
RD   0.1  - 0.2 - - 
EOI year  
(Years)    2021 
(7)  2020 
(11) 2023  
(4) 2020 
(11) 2020 
(11) 
CAN MFN 2021 68.4  68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 
CPTPP  2021 95.5  95.5 95.5 95.5 95.5 95.5 95.5 
END 3.1  3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 
RD 1.3  1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 
EOI year  
(Years)  2029 
(12)  2029 
(12) 2029 
(12) 2029 
(12) 2029 
(9) 2029 
(12) 2029 (12)  
RTA 2021    97.9  98.7   
END    -     
RD    2.1  1.3   
EOI year  
(Years)     2020 
(0)  2015 
 (7)   
JPN MFN 2021 40.4 40.4  40.4 40.4 40.4 40.4 40.4 
CPTPP  2021 84.3 84.3  84.4 84.3 84.4 84.4 84.4 
END 11.6 11.6  11.5 11.6 11.5 11.5 11.5 
RD 4.1 4.1  4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 
EOI year  
(Years)  2038 
(21) 2038 
(21)  2038 
(21) 2038 
(21) 2038  
(18) 2038 
(21) 2038 (21)  
RTA 2021 86.9   87.0  89.0 87.8 88.2 
END 3.6     0.9 0.0 1.1 
RD 9.5   13.0  10.1 12.2 10.7 
EOI year  
(Years)  2029 
(15)   2015 
(11)  2027 
(16) 2023  
(15) 2024 (16)  
MEXa MFN 2021 56.7 56.7 56.7  56.7 56.7 56.7 56.7 
CPTPP  2021 75.7 75.7 75.5  75.7 75.7 75.7 75.7 
END 23.7 23.7 23.7  23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 
RD 0.6 0.6 0.8  0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 
EOI year  
(Years)  2033 
(16) 2033 
(16) 2033 
(16)  2033 
(16) 2033 
(13) 2033 
(16) 2034d 
(16) 
RTA 2021  99.2 94.1   98.7   
END  - -   0.9   
RD  0.8 5.9   0.5   
EOI year  
Years)   2020 
(0) 2015 
(11)   2030 
(15)   
NZL MFN 2021 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.6  
57.6 57.6 57.6 
CPTPP  2021 94.7 94.7 94.7 94.7  94.7 94.7 94.7 
WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 33 - 
 
  Exp 
Imp MFN &  
RTAs  Year AUS CAN JPN MEX NZL PER SGP VNM 
END 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3  5.3 5.3 5.3 
RD - - - -  - - - 
EOI year  
(Years)  2024 
(7) 2024 
(7) 2024 
(7) 2024 
(7)  2024 
(4) 2024 
(7) 2024 (7)  
RTA 2021 100 - - -  - 100 100 
END -      - - 
RD -      - - 
EOI year  
(Years)  2020 
(11)      2010 
(10) 2020 (11)  
PER MFN 2021 69.9 69.9 69.9 69.9 69.9  69.9 69.9 
CPTPP  2021 83.4 83.4 83.4 83.4 83.4  83.4 83.4 
END 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0  16.0 16.0 
RD 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6  0.6 0.6 
EOI year  
(Years)  2033 
(13) 2033 
(13) 2033 
(13) 2033 
(13) 2033 
(13)  2033 
(13) 2033 
(13) 
RTA 2021 93.5 98.9 97.3 99.1   99.1  
END 5.9 0.2 0.6 0.7   0.9  
RD 0.6 0.9 2.1 0.2   0.0  
EOI year  
(Years)  2029 
(10) 2025 
(17) 2027 
(16) 2030 
(15)   2025 
(17)  
SGP MFN 2021 99.98  99.98  99.98  99.98  99.98  99.98   99.98  
CPTPP  2021 100 100 100 100 100 100  100 
RTA 2021 100 - 100 - 100 100  .. 
EOI year  
(Years)  2010 
(0) - 2008 
(0) - 2006 
(0) 2009  
(0)  .. 
VNMa MFN 2021 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4  
CPTPP  2021 87.4 87.4 87.4 67.7 87.4 87.4 87.4  
END 10.9 10.9 10.9 30.6 10.9 10.9 10.9  
RD 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7  
EOI year  
(Years)  2038 
(20) 2038 
(20) 2038 
(20) 2039d 
(21) 2038 
(20) 2038  
(17) 2038 
(20)  
RTA 2021 91.8  75.8  91.8  ..  
END -  15.8  -  ..  
RD 8.2  8.4  8.2  ..  
EOI year  
(Years)  2020 
(11)  2025 
(18)  2020 
(11)  ..  
a Liberalization between Mexico and Viet Nam is one year behind due to the non -application of the 
catch -up mechanism.  
END  Additional % of duty -free lines at the end of implementation period.  
EOI End of implementation year - end of the transition period.  
RD Remain dutiable ("0.0" means there is at least one remaining dutiable rate which is <0.1%).  
.. Not available.  
- None.  
Notes: Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation.  
 When more than one overlapping RTA could be co nsidered, the RTA providing the best treatment 
was used, provided data was available.  
 The overlapping RTAs included are:  
AUS/JPN:      Japan – Australia  
AUS/PER      Peru-Australia  
AUS/NZL:     ANZCERTA  
AUS/SGP, AUS/VNM, NZL/VNM:  AANZFTA  
CAN/MEX      United States -Mexico -Canada Agreement (USMCA/CUSMA/T -MEC) 
CAN/PER      Canada - Peru 
JPN/MEX:      Japan – Mexico  
JPN/PER      Japan - Peru 
JPN-SGP:      ASEAN - Japan  
JPN/VNM:     Japan - Viet Nam  
NZL/SGP:      New Zealand – Singapore  
MEX/PER      Pacific Allia nce 
PER/AUS      Peru – Australia  
PER/SGP      Peru – Singapore  
Source:  Secretariat's calculations based on data provided by Parties and the WTO RTA s database.   WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 34 - 
 
  ANNEX 31 
1. Tables A3.1 -A3.2 show tariff liberalization under the Agreement by total, agricultural and 
industrial products. Applied MFN rates in 2021 serve as a comparison.  
2. Peru's  share of duty -free tariff lines applied on all products rose from 69.9% to 83.4% upon 
the Agreement's entry into force and the overall average applied tariff fell from 2.2% on an MFN 
basis to 1.2% for imports from the Parties. For agricultural goods, exporters from the other Parties 
faced an average tariff rate of 0.6% instead of the MFN aver age rate of 2.4%, and 1.4% instead of 
2.2% for industrial goods. Following ten years of liberalization in 2030, the share of duty -free lines 
for imports is expected to rise to 91.6% overall, and 94.5% and 91.1% for agricultural and industrial 
products. At the end of liberalization in 2033, the share of duty -free lines for imports from the Parties 
is expected to increase to 99.4% overall, 96.3% for agricultural products while all industrial products 
will be duty free.  
Table A3. 1 Peru: Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports from 
CPTPP Parties  
Origin 
of 
goods  Year  ALL PRODUCTS  HS Chapters 01 -24 HS Chapters 25 -97 
Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  
Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%)  Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2021 2.2 7.5 69.9 2.4 6.3 59.8 2.2 7.8 71.8 
CPTPP 
Parties  2021 1.2 7.7 83.4 0.6 4.8 85.0 1.4 8.1 83.1 
2022 1.1 7.0 83.4 0.4 3.6 85.0 1.3 7.5 83.1 
2023 1.0 8.1 87.3 0.3 5.8 91.6 1.1 8.3 86.4 
2024 0.9 7.1 87.3 0.2 4.9 91.6 1.0 7.2 86.4 
2025 0.7 6.1 87.3 0.2 4.0 91.6 0.8 6.3 86.4 
2026 0.6 5.1 87.3 0.2 3.1 91.6 0.7 5.2 86.4 
2027 0.5 4.1 87.3 0.1 2.2 91.6 0.6 4.2 86.4 
2028 0.4 4.9 91.6 0.1 3.4 94.4 0.4 5.0 91.1 
2029 0.3 3.9 91.6 0.1 2.6 94.4 0.4 3.9 91.1 
2030 0.2 2.9 91.6 0.0 2.1 94.5 0.3 2.9 91.1 
2031 0.2 1.9 91.6 0.0 1.4 94.5 0.2 2.0 91.1 
2032 0.1 0.9 91.6 0.0 0.7 94.5 0.1 0.9 91.1 
2033 0.0 0.0 99.4 0.0 0.0 96.3 0.0 0.0 100.0  
Note:  For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate 
rates are included.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Peruvian authorities.  
 
3. Liberalization by  other CP TPP Parties has already been presented in their respective 
Appendixes ; only liberalization by  Japan  and Mexico  differs slightly compared to what ha s been 
previously distributed . Thus, in the table below all years are presented for these two Parties , while 
for the others figures are presented for 2021 and the last year of implementation.  Upon the entry 
into force of  the CPT PP for Peru, average preferential tariffs faced by imports from Peru decreased 
by more than 2 percentage points depending on the country (almost 9 in the case of Viet Nam), 
from MFN rates of around 5%. At the end of liberalization, the share of dut y-free lines for imports 
from Peru is expected to increase to at least 96% overall, with a minimum of 83.5% for agricultural 
products and more than 98% for industrial products . 
 
1 For the purpose of this Factual Presentation , MFN 2021  tariff lines  of Canada, Japan, Mexico , 
Singapore  and Viet Nam have been aligned with the original 2018 CPTP P schedule. They may therefore not be 
fully in line with their most recent 2021 schedule s. WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 35 - 
 
  Table A3. 2 Other CPTPP Parties: Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for 
imports from Peru, 2021 and end of implementation  
Origin 
of goods  Year  ALL PRODUCTS  HS Chapters 1 -24 HS Chapters 25 -97 
Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines  
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
AUSTRALIA  
MFN 2021  2.5   5.0   49.4   1.1   5.0   78.4   2.8   5.0   43.8  
Peru 2021 0.0a 0.0a  99.8   -  -   100.0  0.0a 0.0a  99.8  
CANADA  
MFN 2021  5.6   18.1   68.4   17.2   40.9   55.1   2.8   9.8   71.8  
Peru 2021  2.9   74.9   95.6   13.1   113.3   86.7   0.1   5.4   98.2  
 2029  2.8   228.1   98.7   12.6   228.1   94.2   0.0   0.0   100.0  
JAPAN  
MFN 2021 4.9 8.3 40.4 10.8 13.4 17.6 3.1 6.0 47.8 
Peru 2021 1.6 11.8 84.4 5.7 13.0 51.0 0.4 8.2 95.4 
2022 1.4 10.5 84.4 5.1 11.6 51.0 0.3 7.2 95.4 
2023 1.2 12.0 87.7 4.5 14.7 64.1 0.3 6.3 95.4 
2024 1.1 11.0 87.7 4.2 13.8 64.1 0.2 5.3 95.4 
2025 1.0 10.5 88.2 3.9 13.7 66.1 0.2 4.3 95.4 
2026 1.0 9.7 88.3 3.7 13.0 66.4 0.1 3.3 95.4 
2027 0.9 8.9 88.4 3.4 12.3 66.7 0.1 2.3 95.4 
2028 0.8 19.4 94.5 3.1 21.9 80.4 0.1 6.7 99.1 
2029 0.8 18.9 94.5 3.1 21.5 80.4 0.0 5.4 99.1 
2030 0.7 18.7 94.6 3.0 21.6 80.7 0.0 4.1 99.1 
2031 0.7 18.2 94.6 3.0 21.3 80.7 0.0 2.7 99.1 
2032 0.7 17.7 94.6 3.0 20.9 80.7 0.0 1.4 99.1 
2033 0.7 24.5 95.9 2.9 24.6 83.2 0.0 6.8 100.0  
2034 0.7 24.5 95.9 2.9 24.5 83.2 0.0 6.8 100.0  
2035 0.7 24.4 95.9 2.9 24.5 83.2 0.0 6.8 100.0  
2036 0.7 24.4 95.9 2.9 24.4 83.2 0.0 6.8 100.0  
2037 0.7 24.3 95.9 2.9 24.4 83.2 0.0 6.8 100.0  
2038 0.7 24.9 95.9 2.9 25.0 83.5 0.0 6.8 100.0  
MEXICO 
MFN 2021  5.8 13.3 56.7 14.5 17.4 16.4 4.7 12.3 61.7 
Perub 2021 2.6  10.6  75.7  3.7  14.6  74.1  2.4  10.1  75.9  
2022 2.2  10.0  78.2  3.2  14.5  77.0  2.0  9.5  78.4  
2023 1.8  8.5  78.2  2.9  13.1  77.0  1.7  7.9  78.4  
2024 1.5  6.9  78.2  2.6  11.6  77.0  1.4  6.3  78.4  
2025 1.1  5.3  78.3  2.2  10.3  77.4  1.0  4.6  78.4  
2026 0.8  3.6  78.3  1.9  8.7  77.4  0.7  3.0  78.4  
2027 0.4  14.2  96.9  1.5  17.6  90.7  0.3  12.7  97.6  
2028 0.4  12.5  96.9  1.4  16.2  90.8  0.3  10.9  97.6  
2029 0.3  10.8  96.9  1.2  14.8  90.9  0.2  9.1  97.6  
2030 0.3  10.4  97.3  1.1  13.6  91.2  0.2  8.9  98.0  
2031 0.2  8.7  97.3  0.9  11.9  91.2  0.1  7.1  98.0  
2032 0.2  8.4  97.7  0.8  20.0  95.0  0.1  5.4  98.1  
2033 0.2  33.9  99.4  0.8  28.0  96.3  0.1  47.5  99.8  
NEW ZEALAND  
MFN 2021 2.4 5.6 57.6 1.5 5.0 70.1 2.5 5.7 55.1 
Peru 2021 0.1 2.5 94.7 0.0 1.0 99.3 0.1 2.5 93.7 
 2024 - - 100.0  - - 100.0  - - 100.0  
SINGAPORE  
MFN 2021 0.00 0.00 99.98  0.00 0.00 99.87 0.00 0.00 100.0 0 
Peru 2021 - - 100.0 0 - - 100.0 0 - - 100.0 0 
VIET NAM  
MFN 2021 10.8 15.7 31.4 18.4 20.8 11.6 9.2 14.3 35.4 
Peru 2021 2.0 15.6 87.4 4.8 13.6 64.7 1.4 17.3 92.0 
 2038 0.4 22.5 98.3 0.3 36.5 99.2 0.4 21.2 98.1 
a Specific rates only. 
b Liberalization schedule identical to that provided to Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Singapore.  WT/REG395/1 /Add. 8 
 
- 36 - 
 
  Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates (both MFN and under the Agreement) are excluded from the 
computation. For the calculation of averages,  specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of 
alternate rates are included.  
 Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature for Mexico , Singapore  and Viet Nam and HS 2017 
nomenclature for other Parties.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Pa rties. For Viet Nam, WTO estimates based on data 
provided by Viet Nam and on data prepared by the WTO Secretariat using Annex 2 -D of the 
Agreement and UNSD, Comtrade Database.  
 
4. Tables A 3.3(a) and A 3.3(b) show market access conditions for  Peru's top 25 export products 
in the other CPTPP markets , which accounted for 78.7% of its global exports in 2018 -2020. These 
products involved between 40 and 88 lines in the other Parties' tariffs. Except for Japan and Viet 
Nam, the majority of these lines were already MFN duty -free in 2021, while in Singapore all were 
free. At the Agreement's entry into force all lines became free in Australia and Canada. At the latest 
in 2033 all the  remaining dutiable lines will be liberalized, except coffee exported to Mexico  which 
will remain subject to a preferential dutiable tariff rate.2 
 
 
2 In 2021, the MFN rate is 20% and the preferential rate is 16%. Following progressive reduction, the 
final preferential rate of 10% will be reached in 2027; it will  remain at his level thereafter.   
  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 37 - Table A3. 3(a) Peru: Market access opportunities under the Agreement for its top 25 export  product s to the world  
Peru's top export products in 2018 -2020  Access conditions to a CPTPP import market  
MFN 2021  
Duty -free under  
CPTPP, 2021  MFN 2021  
Duty -free under  
CPTPP, 2021  MFN 2021  Duty free 
under CPTPP  MFN 2021  Duty free 
under CPTPP  
HS number and  
description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty free  
Dutiable  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty free  
Dutiable  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2023  
2028  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2024  
AUSTRALIA  CANADA  JAPAN  NEW ZEALAND  
260300  Copper ores and concentrates  25.9 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
710812  Gold, incl. gold plated with 
platinum, unwrought, for non - 15.3 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
740311  Copper, refined, in the form of 
cathodes and sections of  3.9 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
1.5 1 2   
2 0.0 1    
260800  Zinc ores and concentrates  3.6 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
230120  Flours, meals and pellets of fish 
or crustaceans, molluscs or 
other aquatic invertebrates  3.2 0.0 1   
0.0 4   
0.0 2     
5.0  
1 1  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, 
of petroleum or bituminous  2.8 0.0 12   
0.0 5   
2.2 9 22 22   
0.0 27    
260700  Lead ores and concentrates  2.1 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
80610  Fresh grapes  2.0 5.0  
1 1 6.0  
4 4 7.8  
1 1   
0.0 1    
260111  Non-agglomerated iron ores 
and concentrates (excl. roasted 
iron pyrites  1.9 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
271012  Light oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous  1.8 0.0 5   
0.0 3   
1.3 5 11 9  
2 0.0 17    
81040  Fresh cranberries, bilberries and 
other fruits of the genus 
Vaccinium  1.8 0.0 1   
0.0 2   
6.0  
1 1   
0.0 1    
80440  Fresh or dried avocados  1.7 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
3.0  
2 2   
0.0 1    
271111  Natural gas, liquefied  1.6 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
90111  Coffee (excl. roasted and 
decaffeinated)  1.5 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
261390  Molybdenum ores and 
concentrates (excl. roasted)  1.3 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
261610  Silver ores and concentrates  1.2 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
30743  Cuttle fish and squid, frozen, 
with or without shell  1.0 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
3.9  
4 1 1 2 0.0 1     
  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 38 - Peru's top export products in 2018 -2020  Access conditions to a CPTPP import market  
MFN 2021  
Duty -free under  
CPTPP, 2021  MFN 2021  
Duty -free under  
CPTPP, 2021  MFN 2021  Duty free 
under CPTPP  MFN 2021  Duty free 
under CPTPP  
HS number and  
description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty free  
Dutiable  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty free  
Dutiable  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2023  
2028  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2024  
AUSTRALIA  CANADA  JAPAN  NEW ZEALAND  
790111  Unwrought zinc, not alloyed, 
containing by weight >= 
99.99%  1.0 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0* 1 2   
2 0.0 1    
70920  Fresh or chilled asparagus  0.9 0.0 1   
12.5 2 1 1 3.0  
1 1   
0.0 1    
150420  Fats and oils of fish and their 
fractions, whether or not refined  0.9 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
7.0  
1 1   
5.0  
2 2  
800110  Unwrought tin, not alloyed  0.8 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0 1     
0.0 1    
610910  T-shirts, singlets and other 
vests of cotton, knitted or 
crocheted  0.7 5.0  
1 1 18.0  
1 1 9.2  
2 2   
10.0  
3  
3 
80450  Fresh or dried guavas, mangoes 
and mangosteens  0.6 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
3.0  
3 3   
0.0 1    
790112  Unwrought zinc, not alloyed, 
containing by weight < 99,99%  0.6 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
0.0* 1 2   
2 0.0 1    
160554  Cuttlefish and squid, prepared 
or preserved (excl. smoked)  0.5 0.0 1   
0.0 1   
9.7  
5  
1 4 0.0 3    
 
Total  78.7  
38 2 2  
34 6 6  
29 59 43 2 14  
66 6 3 3 
* Includes tariff lines with specific duties.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Parties and UNSD, Comtrade database.    
  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 39 - Table A3.3( b) Peru: Market access opportunities under the Agreement for its top 25 export  product s to the world  
Peru's top export products in 2018 -2020  Access conditions to the respective  CPTPP import market  
MFN 2021  Duty free under CPTPP  
Remain dutiable  MFN 2021  MFN 2021  Duty free 
under CPTPP  
HS number and  description  
 of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2027  
2032  
2033  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2025  
2028  
MEXICO  SINGAPORE  VIET NAM  
260300  Copper ores and concentrates  25.9 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
710812  Gold, incl. gold plated with 
platinum, unwrought, for non -  15.3 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
740311  Copper, refined, in the form of 
cathodes and sections of  3.9 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
260800  Zinc ores and concentrates  3.6 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
230120  Flours, meals and pellets of fish 
or crustaceans, molluscs or  3.2 15.0  
1  
1    
0.0 3  
0.0 3     
271019  Medium oils and preparations, 
of petroleum or bituminous  2.8 0.3 10 1 1     
0.0 16  
5.6  
16   
16 
260700  Lead ores and concentrates  2.1 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
80610  Fresh grapes  2.0 15.0  
1  
1    
0.0 1  
8.0  
1 1   
260111  Non-agglomerated iron ores 
and concentrates  1.9 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
271012  Light oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous  1.8 0.0 11       
0.0 14  
20.0  
14   
14 
81040  Fresh cranberries, bilberries and 
other fruits of the genus  1.8 20.0  
1 1     
0.0 1  
15.0  
1 1   
80440  Fresh or dried avocados  1.7 20.0  
1 1     
0.0 1  
15.0  
1 1   
271111  Natural gas, liquefied  1.6 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
5.0  
1  
1  
90111  Coffee  1.5 20.0  
2    
1 1 0.0 2  
15.0  
2 2   
261390  Molybdenum ores and 
concentrates  1.3 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
261610  Silver ores and concentrates  1.2 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
30749  Cuttle fish "sepia officinalis, 
rossia macrosoma, sepiola spp."  1.0 15.0  
2  
2    
0.0 3  
11.7  
3 3   
790111  Unwrought zinc, not alloyed, 
containing by weight >=  1.0 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
70920  Fresh or chilled asparagus  0.9 10.0  
2  
2    
0.0 1  
15.0  
1 1    
  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 40 - Peru's top export products in 2018 -2020  Access conditions to the respective  CPTPP import market  
MFN 2021  Duty free under CPTPP  
Remain dutiable  MFN 2021  MFN 2021  Duty free 
under CPTPP  
HS number and  description  
 of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2027  
2032  
2033  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2025  
2028  
MEXICO  SINGAPORE  VIET NAM  
150420  Fats and oils of fish and their 
fractions, whether or not refined  0.9 10.0  
2 2     
0.0 2  
7.5  
2 2   
800110  Unwrought tin, not alloyed  0.8 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
3.0  
1 1   
610910  T-shirts, singlets and other 
vests of cotton, knitted or  0.7 25.0  
2    
2  
0.0 2  
20.0  
2 2   
80450  Fresh or dried guavas, mangoes 
and mangosteens  0.6 20.0  
3 1 1 1   
0.0 3  
25.0  
3 3   
790112  Unwrought zinc, not alloyed, 
containing by weight < 99,99%  0.6 0.0 1       
0.0 1  
0.0 1     
160554  Cuttlefish and squid, prepared 
or preserved  0.5 20.0  
1  
1    
0.0 1  
25.0  
1 1   
 
TOTALS  78.7  
33 19 6 8 1 3 1  
62 0  
13 49 18 1 30 
Note:  Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Parties and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
5. There are changes to the  top 25 export  product s of the other CPTPP Parties for the period 2018 -2020 compared to those in 2015-2017 presente d in their 
respective Annexes  (see WT/REG395/Add.1/Rev.1 and WT/REG395/Add.2 -7), thus limiting comparability to market access in the Peruvian and other CPTPP  
markets.3 
6. Table A3. 4 shows the market access opportunities in Peru for the top 25 exports of its CPTPP partners, which in 2018 -2020 covered between 46 and 
99 tariff lines, accounting for between 63.7% and 32.1% of their global exports. If repetitions are excluded, they represent a t otal of 125 products at the six -
digit level (in HS 2012 or 2017). Exce pt for products from New Zealand, the majority were already MFN duty free prior to the Agreement's entry into force. All 
imports from  Australia, Canada, Japan and Mexico will be fully liberalized in Peru's market, at the latest by 2028.  One of the top 25 e xports from Singapore and 
Viet Nam will remain dutiable in Peru, while duties will be applied for 6 products from New Zealand. As indicated previously, all products remain ing dutiable in 
Peru's market are subject to the price band  system , thus facing specific rates.  
 
3 Changes in HS nomenclatures may have affected the results. Three products are different for New Zealand, four for Canada and Mexico, five for Australia, six for 
Singapore and Viet Nam and seven for Japan.   
  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 41 - Table A3. 4 Other CPTPP Parties: Market access opportunities in Peru under the CPTPP for their top 25 export products to the world 2018 -2020   
 Access conditions to Peru's import markets  
AUS top exports  MFN 2021  Duty free under CPTPP  CAN top exports  MFN 2021  Duty free under CPTPP  
HS 
number  
Share in global 
exports (%)  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2023  
2028  
HS 
number  
Share in global 
exports (%)  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2028  
AUSTRALIA  CANADA  
260111  25.3 0.0 1     
270900  14.2 0.0 1    
270112  16.2 0.0 1     
870324  3.6 6.0  
4 4  
710813  6.0 0.0 1     
710812  3.4 0.0 1    
270900  1.6 0.0 1     
870323  3.2 6.0  
4 4  
260300  1.6 0.0 1     
440719  1.6 0.0 2    
020230  1.5 11.0  
2   
2 271019  1.5 0.0 22    
100199  1.1 0.0 2     
271121  1.5 0.0 1    
020130  1.0 11.0  
2 1  
1 870322  1.3 6.0  
4 4  
740311  1.0 0.0 1     
270112  1.1 0.0 1    
760110  0.9 0.0 1     
310420  1.1 0.0 2    
510111  0.8 0.0 1     
100199  1.1 0.0 2    
260800  0.6 0.0 2     
880240  1.0 0.0 1    
220421  0.6 6.0  
1 1   
300490  1.0 6.0  
7 5 2 
271019  0.6 0.0 22     
120510  1.0 0.0 2    
300490  0.5 6.0  
7 5  
2 271012  0.9 0.0 18    
880330  0.5 0.0 1     
870829  0.9 0.0 6    
300212  0.5 0.0 6     
470321  0.9 0.0 1    
020442  0.5 6.0  
1 1   
260111  0.8 0.0 1    
261690  0.4 0.0 2     
760110  0.8 0.0 1    
281820  0.4 0.0 1     
260300  0.7 0.0 1    
790111  0.4 0.0 1     
760120  0.6 0.0 1    
260600  0.4 0.0 1     
870899  0.5 0.0 12    
100390  0.4 6.0  
1  
1  
840734  0.5 0.0 1    
010229  0.4 3.0 1 1 1   
190590  0.5 0.0 2    
253090  0.4 0.0 3     
271600  0.5 0.0 1    
Total  63.7  50 15 9 1 5 Total  44.2  80 19 17 2  
  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 42 - JPN top exports  MFN 2021  Duty free under CPTPP  MEX top exports  MFN 2021  Duty free under CPTPP  
HS number  
Share in global 
exports (%)  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2023  
2028  
HS 
number  
Share in global 
exports (%)  
Average MFN 
applied rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2023  
2028  
 JAPAN  MEXICO  
870323  6.6 6.0  
4 4   
260111  6.6 6.0  4 4   
870324  2.6 6.0  
4 4   
270112  4.8 0.0 1     
870840  2.4 0.0 2     
710813  4.4 0.0 1     
870340  2.2 6.0  
4 4   
270900  3.7 0.0 3     
848620  1.7 0.0 1     
260300  2.6 0.0 3     
854232  1.7 0.0 1     
020230  2.5 6.0  1 1   
854239  1.6 0.0 1     
100199  2.2 6.0  4 4   
271019  1.1 0.0 22     
020130  1.8 0.0 1     
844399  1.1 0.0 1     
740311  1.7 0.0 1     
842952  1.0 0.0 1     
760110  1.5 0.0 1     
890190  1.0 0.0 3     
510111  1.4 0.0 6     
710812  0.8 0.0 1     
260800  1.1 6.0  2  2  
848690  0.8 0.0 1     
220421  1.0 6.0  1  1  
847989  0.8 0.0 7     
271019  1.0 0.0 2     
870322  0.7 6.0  
4 4   
300490  1.0 0.0 2     
890120  0.7 0.0 3     
880330  0.9 0.0 12     
840991  0.6 0.0 10     
300212  0.9 0.0 3     
853690  0.6 0.0 3     
020442  0.9 0.0 2     
853224  0.6 0.0 1     
261690  0.8 0.0 1     
381800  0.6 0.0 1     
281820  0.8 0.0 4     
330499  0.6 6.0  
1  
1  
790111  0.7 11.0  4   4 
848630  0.6 0.0 1     
260600  0.6 0.0 7     
300490  0.6 6.0  
7 5  
2 100390  0.6 0.0 2     
880330  0.5 0.0 1     
010229  0.6 0.0 10     
870422  0.5 0.0 3     
253090  0.6 0.0 3     
Total  32.1  
64 24 21 1 2  Total  44.8  65 16 9 3 4  
  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 43 - NZL top exports  MFN 2021  Duty free under 
CPTPP  
Remain dutiable  SGP top exports  MFN 2021  Duty free under 
CPTPP  
Remain dutiable  
HS 
numberr  
Share in global  
 exports (%)   
Average MFN  
applied rate ( %)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2023  
2028  
HS 
numberr  
Share in global  
 exports (%)   
Av MFN applied  
rate (%)  
Duty Free  
Dutiable  
2021  
2023  
2028  
NEW ZEALAND  SINGAPORE  
040221  11.5 *  4    4 854239  9 0.0 1      
440321  4.7 0.0 1      271019  6.8 0.0 22      
020230  4.6 11.0  2   2  854231  6.2 0.0 1      
081050  4.0 6.0  1 1    854232  4.6 0.0 1      
020442  3.9 6.0  1 1    271012  3.8 0.0 18      
040510  3.1 *  1    1 710813  3.2 0.0 1      
190110  2.7 0.0 3      880330  1.5 0.0 1      
040590  2.6 *  2    2 841112  1.4 0.0 1      
220421  2.4 6.0  1 1    210690  1.3 1.4* 10 5  2 1 2 
040210  2.2 *  2    2 330499  1.2 6.0  1  1   
040690  1.9 *  4    4 841191  1.2 0.0 1      
210690  1.8 1.4* 10 5  2 1 2 300490  1.2 6.0  7 5  2  
440711  1.4 0.0 2      848620  1.1 0.0 1      
080810  1.4 6.0  1  1   851712  1.1 0.0 1      
901920  1.2 0.0 1      844399  1.1 0.0 1      
760110  1.2 0.0 1      847330  1.0 0.0 1      
040490  1.0 0.0 1      851762  1.0 0.0 3      
020422  1.0 6.0  1 1    848640  0.9 0.0 1      
710812  0.9 0.0 1      854233  0.8 0.0 1      
040150  0.9 0.0 1      847150  0.7 0.0 1      
350110  0.9 0.0 1      851770  0.7 0.0 1      
270900  0.9 0.0 1      854129  0.6 0.0 1      
220429  0.7 3.0 1 1  1   292249  0.6 0.0 5      
020443  0.7 6.0  1 1    852351  0.6 0.0 1      
440322  0.7 0.0 1      711319  0.6 6.0  1 1    
Total  58.5  25 27 5 4 3 15 Total  52.2  75 14 6 3 3 2 
  
  WT/REG395/1 /Add.8  
 
- 44 -  Access conditions to Peru's import markets  
VNM top exports  MFN 2021  Duty free under CPTPP  Remain 
dutiable  HS number  Share in global exports (%)  Average MFN applied rate (%)  Duty Free  Dutiable  2021  2023  2028  2033  
VIET NAM  
851712  12.2 0.0 1       
851770  7.2 0.0 1       
854231  3.9 0.0 1       
851762  2.2 0.0 3       
640411  1.9 11.0  2    2  
640419  1.4 11.0  1    1  
852990  1.3 0.0 3       
640399  1.3 11.0  2 1   1  
847130  1.3 0.0 1       
854140  1.3 0.0 2       
080132  1.1 6.0  1 1     
854430  1.0 0.0 1       
100630  0.9 *  1     1 
090111  0.9 11.0  2 1  1   
640299  0.8 11.0  2    2  
852580  0.8 0.0 2       
940360  0.8 6.0  1  1    
030617  0.7 0.0 7       
844331  0.7 0.0 1       
270900  0.7 0.0 1       
611020  0.7 11.0  6      
852872  0.6 6.0  1 1     
030462  0.6 0.0 1       
900691  0.6 6.0  1 1     
851830  0.6 0.0 1       
Total  45.4  26 20 5 1 1 12 1 
* Subject to price band system.  
Note:  Based on the HS 2012 nomenclature for Mexico, Singapore and Viet Nam and HS 2017 nomenclature for other Parties.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Peruvian authorities and the UNSD, Comtrade database.  
__________