DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS 2425  
First Edition  
2021 -mm-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
DUS 2425 : 2021 
© UNBS 2921   
  
Wood carving/ sculpture — Specification  
 DUS 2425 : 2021  
ii © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct a pplication  
© UNBS 2021  
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Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
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 DUS 2425 :2021  
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative re ferences  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  1 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  2 
4.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
5 Dimensions/sizes/shapes  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  3 
6 Type of finish  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  3 
7 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  3 
8 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  3 
Annex  A (normative)  Determination of moisture content using oven dry method  ................................ .... 5 
A.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  5 
A.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
A.3 Preparation of test pieces  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  5 
A.4 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
A.5 Calculation and expression of results  ................................ ................................ ................................  5 
Annex  B (normative)  Determination of moisture content using electrical moisture meter  .......................  1 
A.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  1 
A.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  1 
A.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  1 
A.4 Calculation and expression of results  ................................ ................................ ................................  1 
Annex  C (Normative)  List of dye stuffs prohibited  ................................ ................................ ........................  2 
Annex  D (Normative)  List of banned Amines  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  5 DUS 2425 : 2021  
iv © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade , Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327 , of the Laws of Uganda , as amended .  UNBS is mandated to co -
ordinate the elaboration of standa rds and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT  Agreement  of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The w ork of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders 
including government, academia, consumer groups, privat e sector and other interested parties.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for appr oval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS /TC 311, Crafts and related 
products   DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 2425 : 2021  
 
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  1 
 Wood carving/Sculpture — Specification  
1 Scope  
This Draft Uganda S tandard specifies requirements  sampling and test methods  for woodcarvings / sculptures 
made from crafting wood  
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content 
constitutes require ments of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated 
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
ISO 6503 , Paints and varnishes — Determination of total lead — Flame ato mic absorption spectrometric 
method  
US EAS 326 , Copper/chromium/arsenic composition for the preservation of timber — Specification  
US EAS 848 , Water -thinned priming paints for wood — Specification  
US 575 , Polish, paste for floor and wooden furniture — Spec ification  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available  at http://www.iso.org/obp  
3.1  
Woodcarving / Sculpture  
product made from crafting wood. These include but are not limited to: statues, furniture, mirror frames, photo 
frames, lamp stands , baskets, jew ellery boxes, utens ils, toys, nesting boxes, d esk access ories , carved bowls, 
wind chimes, vases a nd flower pots, mingling sticks, walking sticks, relief sculpture , mortar and pestle , trays, 
musical instruments, key holders,  etc. 
 
3.2 
coating  
paint, vanish,  polish,  adhesive or any decoration applied on the surfa ce of a wood carving  
3.3 
preservative  
coating applied to wood carving as a protection against decay, insects, weather   DUS 2425 : 2021  
2 © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 3.4 
adhesive  
coating applied to a wood c arving capable of holding materials together by surface attachment  
3.5 
moisture content  
amou nt of moisture contained in wood , expressed as a percentage of its oven -dry mass  
3.6 
priming paints  
first coat of paint on a wood carving  
4 Requirements  
4.1 General requirements  
4.1.1  Timber used for woodcarvings/ sculpture s shall be species recognized as being resistant to 
microorganisms, insect and marine borers attack.  
4.1.2 Nails if used shall be punched wel l below the surface of the woodcarvings/ sculptures  and they shall 
not be exposed/ visible  or shall not protrude  
4.1.3  Priming paint  used on the woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be the one that complies  with the 
requirements of US EAS 848:2016  
4.1.4 The surface for the woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be free from froth or air bubbles caused by 
vanishing  
4.1.5 Adhesives used  on the woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be compatible with the wood prese rvative 
applied  
Note1  The mixing and preparation of adhesives shall follow the manufacturer’s instructions.  
4.1.6 Edges and protruding parts  of woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be r ounded and free from sharp points  
that may c ause injury to the user  
4.1.7 Other materials such  as meta l, glass and pla stic may be added on the woodcarvings/ sculptures  Such 
materials shall be smooth, even textured, and free from overlap and blemish.  
4.1.8 woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be free from b rashness, any kind of biological or non -biological 
deterioration, insect  attack, centre heart (pith), knots (except pin knots), cracks, warp or any other defects.  
4.1.9 Paint s, vanishes  and other organic coatings can be used on surfaces of woodcarvings/ sculptures  
However, only food grade paints and coati ngs such as line  seed oil  shall be used for woodcarvings  intended 
to come into contact with food.  
4.1.10  Polish used as a coating on the woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be the one that complies  with the 
requir ements of US 575: 2006  
4.2 Specific requirements  
4.2.1  Before pain ting, woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be properly seasoned and the moisture content ‘shall 
be within the limits of 12 – 15% when tested in accordance with Annex A  or with t he aid of a moisture  meter in 
accordance with Annex B  
4.2.2 Copper/chromium/arsenic compositio n for the preservation of woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall comply 
with requirements of US EAS 326  DUS 2425: 2021  
© UNBS 2425  – All rights reserved  3 
 4.2.3  For woodcarvings/ sculptures  which are painted , they shall meet the lead content l imits as shown in 
Table 1:  
Table 1 — Lead content limits for woodcarvings/ sculpture  
Heavy metal  Criteria mg/kg  Test Method  
Lead  90 ISO 6503  
4.2.4 The finished product  (excluding those with glass, plastic accessories)  shall remain intact when 
dropped fro m a height  of 0.9 to 1.2 m three times  
4.2.5 The aromatic amine s an d dyes listed in Annex C and D  shall not be used. as coatings on the 
woodcarvings/ sc ulptures  
5 Dimensions/sizes /shapes  
The size, shapes and dimensions  of the woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be  as agreed between the 
manufacturer/supplier and buyer unless otherwise.  
6 Type of finish  
The type of finish to be applied on the woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be as agreed between the 
manufacturer/supplier and buyer unless otherwise  
7 Sampling  
7.1 All woodcarvings/ sculptures  of the same shape, size,  design, finishing  and from the same 
manufacturer shall constitute a lot.  
7.2 The woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be selected at random from the lot.  
7.3 Sample size sha ll be in accordance with Table 2 .  
7.4 Tests for visual assessment shall be done on all samples;  those that pass shall then be subjected to the 
other tests. All the samples shall comply to the requirements of this standard  
Table 2  — Scale of sampling for conformity for woodcarvings/ sculptures  
Lot size Sample size  
0 Up to 10  2 
11 ─20 3 
21 ─30 4 
31 ─40 5 
41 ─ Above  6 
8 Packaging  
woodcarvings/ sculptures  shall be packaged in suitable packages that prevent damage during normal 
handling, storage and transportation.  DUS 2425 : 2021  
4 © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 9 Labelling/ Marking  
Individual woodcarving / sculpture  or the individual package  shall be legibly and indelibly labelled/ marked with 
the following information:  
a) manufacturer’s/supplier’s name, trade mark or both;  
b) batch /lot number   
c) country of origin/ manufacture  DUS 2425: 2021  
© UNBS 2425  – All rights reserved  5 
 Annex  A 
(norma tive) 
 
Determination of moisture content  using oven dry method  
A.1 Principle  
Moisture content is one of the most important variables that affects the physical and mechanical properties of 
wood. Moisture content is determined by weighing the test piece befo re and after drying to a constant mass. 
The moisture content is calculated as the loss in mass as a percentage of the mass of the test piece after 
drying.  
A.2 Apparatus  
A.2.1  Balance  
A 2.2 Oven ─ A forced convection oven that can be maintained at a tempera ture of (103 ± 2) °C throughout 
the drying chamber for the time required to dry the specimen to the endpoint, shall be used. The oven shall be 
vented to allow the evaporated moisture to escape.  
.A.2.3  Desiccator ─ A vapour -tight container with absorbent ma terial (e.g. silica gel, calcium chloride, etc.), 
to maintain the air dry.  
A.3 Preparation of test pieces  
A Test piece cut from the woodcarving / sculpture  shall have a cross -section of at least 20 mm by 20 mm and 
minimum length along the grain of 20 mm. T he test shall be carried out immediately after cutting the specimen  
A.4 Procedure  
A.4.1  Weigh the test piece, m 1 
A.4.2  Dry the test piece to constant mass at a temperature of (103 ± 2) °C. m 2 
NOTE  Constant mass is considered to be reached when the results of two successive weighing operations, carried at 
a minimum interval of 8 h, do not differ by more than 0.2 % of the mass of the test pieces.  
A.4.3 After cooling down the test piece in a desiccator, weigh it as soon as possible to minimize moisture 
uptake.   
A.5 Calculation and expression of results  
A.5.1  The moisture content, W, of the test piece shall be calculated using the following formula:  
 
where  DUS 2425 : 2021  
6 © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 m1 is the initial mass, in grams, of the test specimen; and  
m2 is the oven -dry mass , in grams , of the tes t specimen . 
A.5.2  When the weighing is carried out using a container, the following formula shall be used:  
 
where:  
m0 is the mass of the jar, in g;  
m1 is the mass of the jar containing the test piece before drying, in g; and  
m2 is the mass of the jar cont aining the test piece after drying, in g.  
. 
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 2425 : 2021  
 
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  1 
 Annex  B 
(normative)  
 
Determination of moisture content  using electrical moisture meter  
A.1 Principle  
The electrical resistance of timber reduces as the moisture i n timber increases. Electrical moisture meters  
measure the flow of electricity b etween two pins where the timber  acts as an electrical resistor between the 
pins. The scale on the moisture meter is graduated to read moisture content.  
A.2 Apparatus  
Moisture meter, of any design, calibrated, and capable o f making an individual measurement with an error of 
not more than +2 % at moisture contents from 7 to 28 %  
A.3 Procedure  
A.3.1 Measure the moi sture content of the wood carving  at random areas The measuring areas shall not 
contain any dirt or visible wood defects.  
A.3.2 Drive the electrodes into the woodcarving / sculpture so that the line between the tips of the needles 
lies in the direction of, or perpendicular to, the grain, according to the design of the electrical moisture meter.  
A.3.3 Make at least t hree measurements in each measuring area, 10 to 15 mm apart, to avoid any 
accidental error due to the electrodes piercing an inner invisible defect of the wood.  
A.4 Calculation and expression of results  
Take as the result the arithmetic mean of three rea dings closest in their values  DUS 2425 : 2021  
2 © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  C 
(Normative)  
 
List of dye stuffs prohibited  
SN C.I. Generic Name  Structure C.I.No.  
1 Acid Orange  45  22195  
2 Acid Red  4  14710  
3 Acid Red  5  14905  
4 Acid Red  24  16140  
5 Acid Red  26  16150  
6 Acid Red  73  27290  
7 Acid Red  85  22245  
8 Acid Red  114  23635  
9 Acid Red  11  27200  
10 Acid Red  116  26660  
11 Acid Red  128  24125  
12 Acid Red  148  26665  
13 Acid Red  150  27190  
14 Acid Red  158  20530  
15 Acid Red  167   
16 Acid Red  264  18133  
17 Acid Red  265  18129  
18 Acid Red  420   
19 Acid Violet 12  18075  
20 Acid Violet 49  42640  
21 Acid Brown 415   
22 Acid Brown 29   
23 Acid Brown 94  30336  
24 Acid Brown 131   
25 Acid Brown 132   
26 Acid Brown 209   
27 Azoic Diazo Component 11  37085  
28 Azoic Diazo Component 12  37105  
29 Azoic Diazo Component 48  37235  
30 Azoic Diazo Component 112  37225  
31 Azoic Diazo Component 113  37230  
 DUS 2425: 2021  
© UNBS 2425  – All rights reserved  3 
 Annex  D 
(Normative)  
 
List of banned Amines  
SN Aromatic Amine  CAS number  
1 Biphenyl -4-ylamine  
4-aminobiphenyl xenylamine  92-67-1 
2 benzidine  92-87-5 
3 4-chloro -o-toluidine  95-69-2 
4 2-naphthylamine  91-59-8 
5 o-aminoazotoluene  
4-amino - 2’,3dimethylazobenzene  
4-o-tolylazo -o-toluidine  97-56-3 
6 5-nitro-o-toluidine  99-55-8 
7 4-chloroaniline  106-47-8 
8 4-methoxy -m-phenylenediamine  615-05-4 
9 4,4’-methylenedianiline   
4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane  101-77-9 
10 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine   
3,3’-dichlorobiphenyl -4,   
4’-ylenediamine  91-94-1 
11 3,3’-dimethoxybenzidine odianisidine  119-90-4 
12 3,3’-dimethylbenzidine   
4,4’-bi-o-toluidine  119-93-7 
13 4,4’-methylenedi -o-toluidine  838-88-0 
14 6-methoxy -m-toluidine pcresidin  120-71-8 
15 4,4’-methylene -bis-(2-chloro -aniline)   
2,2’-dichloro -4,4’-methylene -dianiline  101-14-4 
16 4,4’-oxydianiline  101-80-4 
17 4,4’-thiodianiline  139-65-1 
18 o-toluidine   
2-aminotoluene  95-53-4 
19 4-methyl -m-phenylenediamine  95-80-7 
20 2,4,5 -trimethylaniline  137-17-7 
21 o-anisidine  90-04-0 
22 2-methoxyaniline   
66-76-3 
23 4-aminoazobenzene 
paminoazobenzene  60-09-3 DUS 2425 : 2021  
4 © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 24 2,4-xylidine  95-68-1 
25 2,6-xylidine  87-62-7 
 DUS 2425: 2021  
© UNBS 2425  – All rights reserved  5 
 Bibliogr aphy  
[1] GB 18581 :2009 , Limits of harmful substances in wood coatings  
[2] IS 2338:1967, Code of practice  for finishing of wood and wood -based materials  
[3] ISO 4470: 1981 , Sawn timber - Determination of the average moisture content of a lot  
[4] ISO 13061 -1:2014, Physical and mechanical properties of wood — Test methods f or small clear wood 
specimens — Part 1: Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests  
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 2425 : 2021  
 
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  1 
 Certification marking  
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The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by 
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requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and t esting in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be o btained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
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