WT/REG423/1  
 
12 April 2022  
(22-0882) Page: 1/49 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements   
 
FACTUAL PRESENTATION  
ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND CHILE  
GOODS AND SERVICES  
Report by the Secretariat  
This report, prepared for the consideration of the  Association Agreement between the 
United  Kingdom  and Chile,  has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat  on its own 
responsibility and in full consultation with the Parties. The factual presentation 
reproduces as closely as possible the terminology used in the Agreement and in the 
comments provided and does not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the 
Secretariat of such terminology. The report has been drawn up in accordance with the 
rules and procedures contained in the Decision for a Transparency Mechanism for 
Regional Trade Agreements (WT/L/671) and th us does not imply any value judgement 
by the Secretariat regarding the contents of the Agreement.  
Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Ms. Zheng Wang 
(tel: +41 22 739 5288) and Ms. Alena Bulatnikova (tel .: +41 22 739 6405). Any 
statistical questions arising from this report may be addressed to  Ms. Rowena Cabos 
(tel.: +41 22 739 5185), Ms . Chiara Azzarelli (tel: +41 22 739 5449) and Mr. Thakur 
Parajuli (tel.: +41 22 739 5473).  
  WT/REG423/1   
 
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  Table o f Contents  
 
1   TRADE ENVIRONMENT  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
1.1   Merchandise trade  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 4 
1.2   Trade in services and investment  ................................ ................................ .................  6 
2   CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ ....................  10 
2.1   Background information  ................................ ................................ ............................  10 
3   PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  ................................ ................................ ...........  13 
3.1   Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  ................................ ................  13 
 General provisions  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 13 
 Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  ................................ ................................ ........  13 
 Liberalization schedule ................................ ................................ ............................  14 
3.1.3.1    United Kingdom  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 14 
3.1.3.2    Chile ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  16 
 Tariff rate quotas  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 17 
3.2   Rules of origin  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  18 
3.3   Export duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  ................................ .................  19 
3.4   Regulatory provisions on trade in goods  ................................ ................................ ....... 20 
 Standards  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  20 
3.4.1.1    Sanitary and phytosanitary measures  ................................ ................................ .... 20 
3.4.1.2    Technical barriers to trade  ................................ ................................ ....................  21 
 Safeguard mechanisms  ................................ ................................ ...........................  22 
3.4.2.1    Global safeguards  ................................ ................................ ...............................  22 
3.4.2.2    Bilateral safeguards  ................................ ................................ .............................  22 
3.4.2.3    Special safeguards  ................................ ................................ ..............................  22 
 Anti-dumping and countervailing measures.  ................................ ..............................  22 
 Subsidies and state -aid ................................ ................................ ...........................  23 
 Customs -related procedures  ................................ ................................ ....................  23 
 Other regulations  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 23 
3.5   Sector -specific provisions on trade in goods  ................................ ................................ . 24 
3.5.1   Wines  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  24 
 Spirit drinks and aromatised drinks  ................................ ................................ ..........  24 
4   PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN SERVICES  ................................ ................................ ....... 25 
4.1   Scope and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................  25 
4.2   Denial of benefits  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 25 
4.3   General provisions on trade in services  ................................ ................................ ........  25 
4.3.1   Market Access  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 26 
 National and MFN treatment  ................................ ................................ ....................  26 
 Commercial presence  ................................ ................................ .............................  26 
 Movement of natural persons  ................................ ................................ ..................  26 
4.4   Liberalization commitments  ................................ ................................ ........................  26 WT/REG423/1  
 
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 The United Kingdom  ................................ ................................ ...............................  26 
4.4.1.1    MFN and horizontal commitments  ................................ ................................ ..........  27 
4.4.1.2    Sector specific commitments  ................................ ................................ ................  28 
 Chile ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  32 
4.5   Regulatory provisions  ................................ ................................ ................................  33 
 Domestic regulation  ................................ ................................ ...............................  33 
 Recognition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  33 
 Subsidies  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  33 
4.6   Sector specific provisions on trade in services  ................................ ...............................  34 
 International maritime transport services  ................................ ................................ .. 34 
 Telecommunications services  ................................ ................................ ...................  34 
 Financial services  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 34 
5   GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ .............................  34 
5.1   Transparency  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  34 
5.2   Current payments and capital movements  ................................ ................................ .... 34 
5.3   Exceptions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  35 
5.4   Accession and withdrawal  ................................ ................................ ..........................  35 
5.5   Institutional framework  ................................ ................................ .............................  35 
5.6   Dispute settlement  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 35 
5.7   Relationship with other agreements concluded by the parties  ................................ ..........  35 
5.8   Government procurement  ................................ ................................ ..........................  38 
5.9   Intellectual property rights  ................................ ................................ .........................  39 
5.10   Competition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  39 
5.11   Environment  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  39 
5.12   Labour ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  39 
5.13   Electronic commerce  ................................ ................................ ...............................  39 
5.14   Small and medium -sized enterprises  ................................ ................................ .........  40 
5.15   Cooperation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  40 
ANNEX 1  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  41 
ANNEX 2  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  45 
 
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Key Facts  
 
Parties to the Agreement:  United Kingdom and Chile  
 
Date of Signature:    30 January 2019  
 
Date of Entry into Force:  01 January 2021  
 
Date of Notification:   31 December 2020  
 
Full implementation:   2021 
 
 
1  TRADE ENVIRONMENT  
1.1.  The Agreement establishing an Association between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
Northern Ireland and the Republic of Chile (hereinafter the Agreement) is based on the  Agreement 
establishing an Association between the European Community and its Member States, of one part, 
and the Republic of Chile, of the other part (EU -Chile Agreement). The Agreement is one of the 37 
RTAs noti fied to the WTO by the United Kingdom and in force, and the 31st RTA notified to the WTO 
and in force for Chile.  
1.1  Merchandise trade  
1.2.  In 2020, the UK's merchandise exports amounted to USD 4 03.9 billion and its merchandise 
imports to USD 6 32.6 billion. In the same year, Chile's merchandise exports amounted to USD 67.2 
billion and its merchandise imports to USD 55.7 billion.1 The UK was the 1 2th largest exporter and 
the 5th largest importer of merchandise in the world (respectively 2. 30% of world total exports and 
3.56% of world total imports). In comparison, Chile was the 39th largest global exporter and the 45th 
largest global importer of merchandise (respectively 0. 42% of world total exports and 0.3 3% of 
world total imports). For the UK, manufactured products represented the main commodity group 
traded ( 71.6% and 6 6.1% respectively of the UK's exports and imports). For Chile, fuels and mining 
products accounted for 5 2.8% of its exports, followed by agricultural products (3 3%), while 
manufacturing accounted for 71. 5% of its imports.2 Both countries recorded a drop in their 
merchandise trade in 2020.  
1.3.  In 2020, the UK was Chile's 17th largest source of imports ( 0.89% of Chile's total imports) and 
16th largest destination for exports ( 0.88% of Chile's total exports)3, while Chile was the UK's 39th 
largest source of imports (0.1%) and 38th largest export destination (0.1%) .4  
1.4.  Chart 1.1 summarizes the trends  in global trade of the Parties as well as their bilateral trade 
relations for the period 2018 -2020. From 2018 to 2020, the UK 's global trade deficit  deepened (from 
USD 185.8 billion in 2018 to USD 229 billion in 2020).5 During the same period, Chile's gl obal trade 
surplus more than doubled, from USD 5.5 billion in 2018 to USD 11.5 billion in 2020. At the bilateral 
level, data show a positive balance in favour of Chile for the entire period .  
 
 
 
 
1 Based on data from the Parties and from UNSD Comtrade database.  
2 Ranks in world trade and the shares of trade by main commodity group come from the Parties' WTO 
Trade Profiles (2020): https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/trade_profiles/GB_e.pdf , 
and https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/ daily_update_e/trade_profiles/CL_e.pdf . 
3 Data from UNSD Comtrade database  excluding intra -EU trade . 
4 Data provided by the UK excluding intra -EU trade . 
5 Based on data from the Parties and from UNSD Comtrade database . WT/REG423/1  
 
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  Chart 1.1 UK-Chile : Merchandise bilateral trade and with world (201 8-2020) 
 
Source:  Based on data provided by the Parties, WTO -IDB and the UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
1.5.  The commodity structure of trade between the UK and Chile, as well as of their global trade in 
the period 20 18-2020, is shown in  Chart 1.2  on the basis of Harmonized System (HS) sections. 
Chile's main global exports are minerals, base metals, and vegetables, which accounted for 65% of 
its exports. Its exports of vegetables, prepared foods, and machinery accounted for 32%, 27%, and 
24% respec tively of UK's imports from Chile.6 Of the UK's three main exports of machinery, motor 
vehicles and chemicals, which accounted for 50% of its exports, chemicals, machinery, and vehicles 
accounted for 30%, 27%, and 17% of Chile's imports from the UK.  
 
6 The Chilean authorities indicate that in 2020, 47% of Chilean exports to the United Kingdom were 
agro-industrial products, 38% were wines, and 7% were forest products . 
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  Char t 1.2 UK-Chile: Product composition of merchandise trade  by HS Section , annual 
average (2018 -2020)   
  
Source:  Based on data provided by the Parties and the WTO -IDB. 
 
1.2  Trade in services and investment  
1.6.  In 2019, the UK was ranked the world's 2nd largest exporter and 5th largest importer of 
commercial services, while Chile was the world's 62nd exporter and 53rd importer .7 The UK's share 
in commercial services trade corresponded to 6.79% of world exports (valued at USD 411 ,794 
million) and 4.87% of world import s (valued at USD 279 ,184 million). In comparison, Chile's  
corresponding shares were 0.16% of world exports (valued at USD 9,831  million) an d 0.25 % of 
world imports (valued at USD 14,184  million).  
1.7.  Chart 1.3  shows the evolu tion of global and bilateral trade in commercial services for the UK 
for the period 2017 -2019 (as reported by the Party). Exports to the world increased by around 12% 
in 2018 compared to the previous year, followed by an annual growth of 2.7% in 2019. The UK's 
world imports followed a similar trend, increasing by 14% in 2018 and by 2% in 2019. It had a 
constant trade surplus in commercial services over the entire period.  
 
7 WTO Trade Profiles (2020).  
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  1.8.  The composition of the UK's exports remained stable between 2017 -2019. The two most 
important categories were other business services and financial services, followed by travel and 
transport services; other business services represented by far the largest share, 33.4% of total 
exports in 2019. The same four services sectors accounted for ar ound 82% of total imports, with 
other business services and travel services representing 60% of total imports in 2019.  
1.9.  Chart 1.3 also shows a trade surplus with respect to the UK's trade in commercial services with 
Chile over the surveyed period. UK expor ts were mainly insurance and pension services, transport 
and travel services, while travel services accounted for most UK imports from Chile.  
Chart 1.3 United Kingdom: Trade in commercial services with world and Chile (2017 -
2019)  
 
Note:  Bilateral export/import were recorded as N/A for confidentiality and are therefore excluded in the 
chart.  
 Bilateral export data were recorded as N/A for the categories: transport (2017); construction 
(2018); financial services (2017, 2019); charges for the use of intellectual property (2019); 
telecommunications, computer, and information services (2017 -18); other business services (2017 -
19); and personal, cultural, and recreational services (2019).  
 Bilateral import data were recorded as N/A for the categories: maintenance and repair services 
(2017); financial services (2018 -19); charges for the use of intellectual property (2018 -19); 
telecommunications, computer, and information services (2017 -19); other business services (2017 -
19). 
 Exchange rate GBP per USD are: 0.776976682 (2017), 0.749531540259847 (2018) and 
0.783445110011929 (2019) . 
Source:  Based on data provided by the United Kingdom . 
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  1.10.  Chart 1.4 depicts Chile's trade in commercial services for 2017 -2019. The statistics show an 
overall deficit in global trade in commercial services with transport, travel and other business 
services leading both global imports and exports.  
Chart 1.4 Chile: Trade in commercial services with world, 2017 - 2019  
 
Source:  WTO data portal  (2017 -2019).  
 
1.11.  Charts 1.5 and 1.6 below depict the Parties' global and bilateral foreign direct investment 
stocks and flows for 2017 -2019.8 Both countries were net recipients of FDI stocks with inward FDI 
stocks showing a slight decrease in 2019 for the U K and remaining stable for Chile throughout the 
period. UK FDI flows fluctuated over the period and turned negative in 2018, making it a net recipient 
of FDI flows in 2018 and 2019. Chile remained a net recipient of FDI with inward FDI flows steadily 
increasing and with outward FDI flows decreasing sharply in 2018 before recovering in 2019. Over 
the surveyed period, the UK was a net foreign direct investor in Chile, with the situation changing 
for FDI flows in 2019. According to data from Chile, it remained  a net recipient of FDI from the UK 
throughout 2017 -2019.  
 
8 The natio nal statistics of the Parties may slightly differ from the, also official, sources systematically 
used in the preparation of factual presentations . 
WT/REG423/1  
 
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  Chart 1.5 United Kingdom: FDI stock and flow with world and Chile, 2017 -2019  
 
Note:  the FDI statistics are presented on a directional basis.  
Source:  Based on data provided by  the United Kingdom.   
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  Chart 1.6 Chile : FDI stock and flow  with the United Kingdom and the  world, 201 7-2019 
 
Source:  Based data provided by Chile.  
 
2  CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT  
2.1  Background information  
2.1.  The Agreement was signed on 30 January 2019 and was notified to the WTO on 31 December 
2020 under Article XXIV:7(a) of GATT 1994 and Article V:7(a) of the GATS (see document 
WT/REG423/N/1 – S/C/N/1027). It entered into force on 1 January 2021.  
2.2.  The text of  the Agreement, together with its annexes, is available on the following official 
websites:  
United Kingdom :  
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/summary -of-the-uk-chile-assoc iation -agreement  
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cs -chile-no22019 -ukchile -agreement -establishing -
an-association  
Chile:  
https://www.subrei.gob.cl/   
https://www.subrei.gob.cl/acuerdos -comerciales/acuerdos -comerciales -vigentes/re ino-unido/  
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  2.3.  The Agreement is composed of 10 articles, one annex (with 15 sections), and 18 joint 
declarations. It is a short agreement which incorporates by reference relevant provisions of the 
underlying EU -Chile Agreement, with relatively few but necessar y modifications. The modifications 
include those on the removal and replacement of references to the EU, territorial application, 
continuation of time periods, institutions and committees, amendment clauses, entry into force and 
provisional application, an d trade remedies and dispute settlement (Table 2.1).  
Table 2.1: Structure of the EU -Chile Agreement, and modifications made in the UK -Chile 
RTA 
Chapters  Titles  contained in the EU -Chile FTA  Modifications made in the UK -Chile FTA  
Part I  General and institutional provisions  
 Title I  Nature and scope of the agreement   
 Title II  Institutional framework  Article 4: composition and rules of 
procedures – Article 4.1  
   Article 9: Association Parliamentary 
Committee – Article 9.1  
  Article 10: Joint Consultative Committee – 
Article 10.2  
Part II   Political dialogue  
Part III  Cooperation  
 Title I  Economic cooperation  Article 23 : Transport – Article 23.2(c ) 
   Article 25: Fisheries – Article 25.2  
  Article 26: Customs cooperation – Article 
26.2 
  Article 27: Cooperation on statistics – 
Article 27.2(b)  
 Title II  Science, technology and information society   
 Title III  Culture, education and audio -visual   
 Title IV  Public administration and interinstitutional 
cooperation   
 Title V  Social cooperation   
 Title VI  Other cooperative areas  Article 47: Cooperation on drugs and 
combating organised crime - Article 47.2 
(c), (g)  
 Title VII  General provisions  Article 48: Participation of civil s ociety in 
cooperation - 48 (c)  
  Article 53: Resources – Article 53.2  
  Article 54: Specific Tasks of the Association 
Committee in cooperation matters – Article 
54.2(c)  
Part IV  Trade and trade -related matters  
 Title I  General provisions  Article 56: Customs Unions and Free Trade 
Areas – Article 56.2  
 Title II  Free Movement of goods   
  Chapter I  Elimination of customs duties   
    Section 1  Common provisions   
    Section 2  Elimination of customs duties  Article 74: Evolution Clause  
  Chapter II  Non tariff measures   
    Section 1  Common provisions   
    Section 2  Antidumping and countervailing measures   
   Section 3  Customs and related matters  Article 79: Customs and related matters – 
Article 79.5  
    Section 4  Standards, technical regulations and 
conformity assessment procedures   
    Section 5  Sanitary and phytosanitary measures   
    Section 6  Wines and spirits   
  Chapter III  Exceptions   
 Title III  Trade in services and establishment   
  Chapter I  Services   
    Section 1  General provisions   
    Section 2  International maritime transport   
   Section 3  Telecommunications services   
  Chapter II  Financial services   
  Chapter III  Establishment   
  Chapter IV  Exceptions   
 Title IV  Government procurement   
 Title V  Current payment and capital movements   
 Title VI  Intellectual property rights   WT/REG423/1   
 
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  Chapters  Titles  contained in the EU -Chile FTA  Modifications made in the UK -Chile FTA  
 Title VII  Competition  Article 173: Definitions – Article 173.2(a)  
 Title VIII  Dispute settlement   
  Chapter I  Objective and scope   
Chapter II  Dispute avoidance   
  Chapter III  Dispute settlement procedures   
  Chapter IV  General provisions   
 Title IX  Transparency   
 Title X  Specific tasks in trade measures of the 
bodies established under this Agreement   
 Title XI  Exceptions in the area of trade   
Part V  Final provisions  
  Article 197: Definition of the parties  
  Article 198: Entry into force  
  Article 201: Future developments – Article 
201.3  
  Article 205: Authentic texts  
Source:  WTO Secretariat based on the EU -Chile Agreement (WT/REG164/1), and the UK -Chile Agreement.  
2.4.  Modifications were also made to:  
a. Annexes I and II, concerning tariff elimination schedules and tariff rate quotas (TRQs) 
respectively for t he UK and Chile;  
b. Annex III, concerning definition of the concept of originating products and methods of 
administrative cooperation;  
c. Annex IV, concerning sanitary and phytosanitary measures applicable to trade in 
animals and animal products, plants, plant products and other goods and animal 
welfare;  
d. Annex V, on trade in wines;  
e. Annex VI, on trade in spirit drinks and aromatised drinks;  
f. Annex VII, concerning schedule of specific commitments on services;  
g. Annex VIII, concerning schedule of specific commitments on financial services;  
h. Annex X, concerning schedule of specific commitments on establishment;  
i. Annex XIII, on government procurement;  
j. mutual administrative assistance in customs matters.  
2.5.  In the Preamble of the Agreement, the Parties con firm their wish to continue to apply between 
them the rights and obligations provided for by the EU -Chile Agreement. Article 1 reaffirms the 
objectives in Articles 2 and 55 of the Incorporated Agreement in their entirety. In particular, Article 
55 of the E U-Chile Agreement aims for the progressive and reciprocal liberalisation of trade in goods, 
and trade in services, in conformity with Article XXIV of the GATT 1994, and Article V of the GATS.   
2.6.  Article 6 specifies that the territorial application of the Agr eement in respect of the UK extends 
to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and to the following territories for 
whose international relations the UK is responsible: Gibraltar, the Channel Islands and the Isle of 
Man, to the extent tha t and under the conditions which the EU -Chile Agreement applied immediately 
before it ceased to apply to the United Kingdom.  Parties agreed by exchange of notes that this 
Agreement does not apply to S overeign Base Areas.  WT/REG423/1  
 
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  3  PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS9 
3.1.  The Agreement  incorporates Part IV of the EU –Chile Agreement, in particular Title II  on the 
free movement of goods. It contains chapters on the elimination of customs duties, non -tariff 
measures ( quantitative restrictions, trade remedies,  customs and related matters, technical barriers 
to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures,  wine and spirits), and exceptions .10 
3.1  Import  duties and charges , and quantitative restrictions  
3.1.1   General provisions  
3.2.  The Agreement incorporates the relevant provisions of the EU -Chile Agreement concerning 
liberalization of trade and tariff lines.  
3.3.  A customs duty is defined in Article 59 of the EU -Chile Agreement, as any duty or charge of 
any kind imposed in connection wi th the importation or exportation of goods, including any form of 
surtax or surcharge in connection with such importation or exportation. Customs duties do not 
include:  
a. internal taxes or other internal charges imposed consistently with Article 77;  
b. antidump ing or countervailing duties applied consistently with Article 78;  
c. fees or other charges imposed consistently with Article 63.  
3.4.  The classification of goods is governed by each Party's respective tariff nomenclature in 
conformity with the Harmonised Commodit y Description and Coding System ("HS") (Article 62).  
3.5.  A standstill commitment prohibits the Parties from increasing any existing customs duty or 
introducing any new customs duty (Article 61). Chile may maintain its price band system, provided 
it is applied  consistently with Chile's rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement and in a 
manner that does not afford more favourable treatment to imports from any third country, including 
countries with which Chile has concluded or will conclude in the future an  agreement notified under 
Article XXIV of the GATT 1994.  
3.6.  Each Party shall ensure that all fees and other charges are limited in amount to the approximate 
cost of services rendered, and do not represent an indirect protection for domestic products or a 
taxation of imports or exports for fiscal purposes (Article 63).  
3.7.  All import and export prohibitions or restrictions in trade between the Parties, other than 
customs duties and taxes, whether made effective through quotas, import or export licenses or other 
measures, shall be eliminated upon the entry into force of this Agreement. No new such measures 
shall be introduced (Article 76).  
3.1.2   Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  
3.8.  The Parties' tariff elimination or reduction schedule and staging categories will follow the 
arrangements agreed in the EU -Chile Agreement.  
3.9.  Each Party will reduce or eliminate its customs duties on imported goods originating in the 
other Party in accordance w ith the provisions of Articles 64 to 72, and with their final stage in the 
respective schedules. The base rates of customs duties on imports are specified in the Schedules.  
3.10.  The UK -Chile Agreement revised the evolution clause (Article 74), which stipulates  that the 
Parties shall review the situation within two years of the entry into force of this Agreement, taking 
account of the pattern of trade in agricultural products and processed agricultural products between 
the Parties, and noting the particular sens itivities of such products and the development of 
agricultural policy on both sides. The Parties shall examine, in the Association Committee, product 
 
9 All Articles in this section refer to articles of the EU -Chile Agreement unless otherwise specified.  
10 WTO document, WT/REG164/1, 1 April 2004.  WT/REG423/1   
 
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  by product and on an orderly and appropriate reciprocal basis, the opportunities for granting each 
other f urther concessions with a view to improving liberalisation of trade in agricultural and 
processed agricultural products.  
3.11.  The UK -Chile Agreement also made modifications to the tariff quota arrangements.  
3.1.3   Liberalization schedule  
3.1.3.1   United Kingdom  
3.12.  Table 3. 1 shows the tariff elimination commitments by the United Kingdom  under the 
Agreement. In 2021, 4,462  lines are duty free on an MFN basis, representing 47% of the UK 's total 
tariff, and corresponding to 35.2% of its imports from Chile during 201 8-2020.11 In the same year, 
an additional 4,158 lines are duty free under the UK -Chile Agreement, bringing the total percentage 
of duty -free tariff lines to 90.8% corresponding to 90.6% of imports from Chile in 2018 -2020. Finally, 
874 tariff lines remain dutiable,  representing 9.2% of the UK's tariff and corresponding to a 9.4% 
share of imports from Chile during 2018 -2020.   
Table 3.1 United Kingdom: Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and 
corresponding averag e trade  
Duty phase -out period  Tariff lines in UK's tariff schedule  UK's imports from Chile  (2018 -20)a 
Number  % Value  
(USD million)b % 
2021 (MFN)  4,462 47.0 354.9  35.2 
2021 4,158 43.8 558.9 55.4 
Remain dutiable  874 9.2 94.7 9.4 
Total 9,494  100.0  1,008.5  100.0  
a Imports coverage is from HS chapters 1 -97. 
b The imports values were reported in GBP and converted into USD using the exchange rates of 
0.749531540259847  (2018), 0.783445110011929 (2019) and 0.779999576697153 (2020) . 
 Based on the HS 201 7 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by  the United Kingdom . 
 
3.13.  Table 3. 2 shows the UK's tariff elimination, by HS section. The 874 lines excluded from tariff 
elimination once implementation is completed are found in HS Sections I (live animals  and animal 
products ), II (vegetables), III (animals or vegetable fats and oils), IV (prepared food), and VI 
(chemicals). Of those lines, 41 are ad valorem  duties,  833 are non -ad valorem duties (comprising 
specific, compound and mix ed duties). The simple average of dutiable tariff rate is 13.3%, with rates 
ranging from 7.6% in HS Section VI to 15.9% in Section IV. Section III is subject to specific rates 
of duty for which no ad valorem  equivalents are available.  
Table 3.2 United Kingdom: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 202 1 Duty Free Lines  
under 
the Agreement  
(2021)  Remain 
Dutiable  Avg. 
Dutiable 
Tariff  Avg. Tariff 
(%) No. of 
lines  Duty free 
lines  
I 8.9 956 109 466 381 11.7 
II 4.4 554 213 209 132 10.1 
III 4.8 129 30 87 12 * 
IV 12.9 869 119 424 326 15.9 
V 0.4 231 202 29   
VI 2.7 1,226  550 653 23 7.6 
VII 3.7 301 86 215   
VIII 1.4 130 73 57   
IX 1.1 235 189 46   
X 0.0 195 195    
XI 7.0 1,149  243 906   
XII 7.3 106 17 89   
 
11 Of the 9,494 lines in the UK's schedule 8,613 lines (90.7%) have ad valorem  duties. 647 lines (6.8%) 
are subject to specific duties, 230 lines (2.4%) have compound duties and 4 lines (0.04%) have mixed rates.  WT/REG423/1  
 
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  HS 
Section  MFN 202 1 Duty Free Lines  
under 
the Agreement  
(2021)  Remain 
Dutiable  Avg. 
Dutiable 
Tariff  Avg. Tariff 
(%) No. of 
lines  Duty free 
lines  
XIII 2.0 234 162 72   
XIV 0.5 58 47 11   
XV 0.6 955 804 151   
XVI 0.7 1,338  981 357   
XVII 3.7 286 121 165   
XVIII 0.6 299 218 81   
XIX 1.4 22 7 15   
XX 1.4 214 89 125   
XXI 0.0 7 7    
Total  3.8 9,494  4,462 4,158 874 13.3 
* Remain dutiable tariffs lines subject to specific rates only.   
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation. For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties12, average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. And, the products classified beyond HS 8 -digits level are counted one and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digits level.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data pro vided by the United Kingdom . 
 
3.14.  The average rates remaining dutiable by HS Chapter applied by the United Kingdom to imports 
from Chile at the end of the implementation period are shown in  Chart 3.1. For the calculation of 
preferential rates for those dutiable tariff lines excluded from the UK schedule, their  MFN rates are 
used. For products in chapters 3, 7, 8, 17, 20, 21, and 22, preferential duties are lower than the 
corresponding MFN duties, indicating additional market access provided under the Agreement for 
these chapters. For products in other HS chapters, preferential duti es match their corresponding 
MFN rates, indicating no reductions of duties on these products vis-à-vis the MFN rate. Average tariff 
rates on lines remaining dutiable range from 3% for Chapter 22 (beverages, spirits and vinegar) to 
20% for Chapter 16 (prepa rations of meat, and fish), with specific duties in Chapters 4, 10 -12, 15, 
18-19, and 23.  
Chart 3.1 United Kingdom: average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are exclu ded in the computation. For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 
12 Tariff lines 0302.41.00, 0302.43.90, 0302.44.00, 0303.51.00, 0303.53.90, 0303.54.10, 0303.89.40, 
0304.59.50, 0304.99.23,  0702.00.00, 0708.10.00, 0805.10.22, 0805.10.24, 0805.10.28, 0808.10.80, 
0808.30.90, 0809.29.00  and 0809.40.05  are subject to MFN seasonal duties ; And, tariff lines 0704.10.00, 
0705.11.00, and 0708.20.00 are subject to seasonal duties under the Agreement.  
WT/REG423/1   
 
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   For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. The products classified beyond HS 8 -digits level are counted one and their tariff rates 
are averaged to the 8 -digits level.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the United Kingdom . 
3.1.3.2   Chile  
3.15.  Chile's tariff schedu le under the Agreement is the same as the one contained in Annex II of 
the EU -Chile Agreement.  
3.16.  Table 3.3 shows the tariff elimination commitments by Chile under the Agreement. In 2021, 
36 lines are duty free on an MFN basis, representing 0.4% of Chile's total tariff, and corresponding 
to 0.2% of its imports from the United Kingdom during 201 8-2020.13 In the same year, 8,354 lines 
are duty free under the Agreement, bringing the total percentage of duty-free tariff lines to 97.6% 
corresponding to 97.9% of imports from the United Kingdom in 2018 -2020. Following 
implementation, 171 tariff lines under which 1.9% of imports from the United Kingdom entered Chile 
during 2018 -20 remain dutiable.  
Table 3.3 Chile: Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding 
average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Number of  
lines  % of total lines in  
Chile's tariff schedule  Value of 
Chile's imports 
from the U Ka  
(2018 -2020)  
USD million  % of Chile's 
total imports 
from  
the UK  
(2018 -2020)  
2021 (MFN)  36 0.4 0.5 0.2 
2021 8,354  97.6 291.8  97.9 
Remain dutiable  171 2.0 5.7 1.9 
Total  8,561  100.0  298.0  100.0  
a. Covers HS chapters 1 -97. 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Chile and the WTO -IDB. 
 
3.17.  Table 3. 4 shows Chile's tariff elimination, by HS section. The 171 lines excluded from tariff 
elimination once implementation is completed are found in HS Sections I (live animals  and animal 
products ), II (vegetables), III (animals or vegetable fats and oils), and IV (prepared food), all subject 
to ad valorem duties. The final average preferential rate is 6% for HS Sections I and III, and 5.9% 
and 5.8% respectively for HS Sections II and IV.  
Table 3.4 Chile: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  Duty -free 
lines 
under 
MFN 2021  Number of duty -free 
lines under the 
Agreement  Remaining 
dutiable 
lines  Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  2021  
I 6.0 1,004   932 72 6 
II 6.0 716  676 40 5.9 
III 6.0 72  49 23 6 
IV 6.0 468  432 36 5.8 
V 6.0 201 1 200   
VI 6.0 1,432   1,432    
VII 6.0 305  305   
VIII 6.0 80  80   
IX 6.0 162  162   
X 5.9 200 4 196   
XI 6.0 965  965   
XII 6.0 60  60   
XIII 6.0 175  175   
XIV 6.0 58  58   
XV 6.0 625  625   
XVI 6.0 1,106  2 1,104    
 
13 All of the 8,561 lines in Chile's schedule are ad valorem  duties.  WT/REG423/1  
 
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  HS 
Section  MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  Duty -free 
lines 
under 
MFN 2021  Number of duty -free 
lines under the 
Agreement  Remaining 
dutiable 
lines  Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  2021  
XVII 5.6 410 29 381   
XVIII 6.0 273  273   
XIX 6.0 21  21   
XX 6.0 221  221   
XXI 6.0 7  7   
Total  6.0 8,561  36 8,354  171 5.9 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates  are excluded in the computation . 
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Chile. 
 
3.18.  The average rates remaining dutiable by HS Chapter applied by Chile to imports from the 
United Kingdom of agricultural products at the end of the implementation period are shown in 
Chart 3.2. Preferential duties match MFN duties in all these HS Chapters, indicating no reductions of 
duties on these products vis-à-vis the MFN rate.  
Chart 3.2 Chile: Tariff  average of dutiable rates by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature . Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the 
computation . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Chile .  
 
3.1.4   Tariff rate quotas  
3.19.  Tariff rate quotas (TRQs) are maintained by both Parties under the Agreement. They are 
adminis tered by the United Kingdom from 1 July to 30 June of the following year for TRQs under 
TQ(1a) for agricultural products, and 1 January to 31 December for all other TRQs. For Chile it shall 
be from 1 January to 31 December for each year the Agreement is in  force.  
3.20.  The Agreement sets out modifications to Annex es I and II of the EU -Chile Agreement, 
concerning the implementation of the TRQs.  For the United Kingdom for tariff concession TQ(1a): if 
the Agreement enters into force before 30 June 2019, the concessi ons referred to in paragraph 1(a) 
(agricultural products) applies; and if it enters into force after 30 June 2019, the concession referred 
to in paragraph 1(a) (agricultural products), together with the applicable annual concession increase 
for each admini stration period after 30 June 2019 to the year of entry into force applies. For all other 
tariff concessions  by the UK  if the Agreement enters into force in 2019, the concessions referred to 
in paragraphs 1(b) to 5 (agricultural and fisheries products) apply; or if it enters into force after 
2019, the concessions referred to in paragraphs 1(b) to 5 ( agricultural and fisher ies products), 
together with the applicable annual concession increases for each administration period after 2019 
to the year of entry into force applies. For Chile , if the Agreement enters into force in 2019, the 
01234567
3 4 10 11 12 15 16 17 19 21 23Average Duty Rate
HS Chapters Preferential MFNWT/REG423/1   
 
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  quota quantities for agricultural and fish eries products are those referred to in paragraphs 1 to 4 of 
Section  1; or if it enters into force after 2019, the quota quantities for agricultural and fisheries 
products referred to in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Section 1, together with the applicable annual c oncession 
increases for each administration period after 2019 to the year of entry into force  applies . As the 
Agreement entered into force after 2019, the latter of these two concessions apply.  
3.21.  The UK maintains TRQs on a number of agricultural products; in quota duties are zero, while 
the out of quota rates are either zero, the current applied MFN tariff or a preferential rate. Chile also 
maintains  a TRQ for cheese in the agricultural sector, with in quota rate at zero, and out of quota 
rate at the current applied MFN rate . Both Parties also have a number of duty -free TRQs for fishery 
products, and a TRQ for preserved tuna (excluding fillets known as "loins") subject to a n in-quota 
duty equivalent to one-third of the  MFN duty application at the time of importation . Tariff quota 
quantities for fishery products are fixed, while they increase annually for most agricultural produc ts. 
3.2  Rules of origin  
3.22.  The Agreement mostly incorporates the provisions of the EU -Chile Agreemen t on rules of 
origin, as set out in its Annex III concerning the definition of the concept of originating products and 
methods of administrative cooperation. The main amendments include the definition of "value 
added", cumulation of origin, territorial req uirements, prohibition of drawback of or exemption from 
customs duties, proof of origin, and the treatment of products originating in Ceuta and Melilla.  
3.23.  A product qualifies as originating if it is wholly obtained in a Party, as defined in Article 4, or 
it is obtained in a Party incorporating materials which have not been wholly obtained there, provided 
that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing in the Party concerned 
(Article  5). Product specific rules of origin are found in Append ix II to Annex III. Generally, the 
requirement is either a change in tariff classification either at the heading or chapter level, a 
maximum value of materials used in the ex -works price of the product (usually up to between 20% 
and 50%) or based on a spec ific process in certain Chapters. Alternative rules of origin are also 
provided for in certain Chapters usually limiting the maximum value of materials used.  
3.24.  A de minimis rule permits the use of non -originating materials that do not meet the conditions 
in Annex III to qualify as originating as long as their total value does not exceed 10% of the ex -
works price of the product and do not exceed the maximum values for non -originating materials 
indicated in Appendix II (Article 5); the rule does not apply to t extiles and clothing under HS 50 -63. 
An absorption principle applies whereby no account is taken of non -originating materials used in the 
manufacture of another product which has already acquired originating status (Article 5). The 
Agreement does not chang e either of these two principles.  
3.25.  Under a Joint declaration to the Agreement, the United Kingdom and Chile recognize that a 
trilateral approach involving the European Union to rules of origin is the preferred outcome in trading 
arrangements between the Uni ted Kingdom, Chile, and the European Union. Under another two Joint 
declarations, products originating in the Principality of Andorra  falling within HS Chapters 25 to 97 , 
and products originating in the Republic of San Marino, may be accepted by the United  Kingdom and 
Chile as originating in the European Union if they meet certain requirements.  
3.26.  With regard to the cumulation of origin, modifications were made so that materials originating 
in the European Union shall be considered as originating in a Party i f they are incorporated into a 
product obtained in that Party, provided the working or processing goes beyond the operations 
considered by the Agreement as insufficient under Article 6.  
3.27.  Working or processing carried out in the European Union shall be cons idered as having been 
carried out in the United Kingdom when the materials obtained undergo subsequent working or 
processing in the United Kingdom, which goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6.  
3.28.  It shall not be necessary that such materials ha ve undergone sufficient working or processing 
(Article 3). When the working or processing carried out in a Party does not go beyond the operations 
referred to in Article 6, the product obtained shall be considered as originating in the Party only 
when the value added there is greater than the value of the materials used originating in any one of 
the other countries or territories . WT/REG423/1  
 
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  3.29.  The cumulation applies if the countries involved in the acquisition of originating status and 
the country of destination have ar rangements on administrative cooperation which ensure the 
correct implementation of cumulation.  The Parties think that the condition has been fulfilled, so 
cumulation can be applied.  
3.30.  Title III provides for territorial requirements with provisions on the pr inciple of territoriality 
(Article 11), direct transport (Article 12) and exhibitions (Article 13). Minor modifications were made 
to Articles 11 and 12. Transit through non -parties is permitted by Article 12 on direct transport 
provided that the goods stor ed in temporary warehouses remain under the surveillance of the 
customs authorities in the non -party and do not undergo operations other than unloading, reloading 
or any other operations required to maintain them in good condition.  
3.31.  Non-originating material s used in the manufacture of products originating in the United 
Kingdom, Chile or in the European Union shall not be subject to drawback of, or exemption from, 
customs duties of whatever kind (Article 14.1).  
3.32.  Modifications were made to Articles 17.4 (moveme nt certificate EUR.1 issued retrospectively), 
18.2 (issue of duplicate movement certificate EUR.1), and 29.3 (amounts expressed in euro), all 
falling in Title IV (Articles 15 to 29) which sets out specific disciplines on proof of origin. Preferential 
treatment is granted upon submission of a movement certificate EUR.1 or an invoice declaration by 
an approved exporter or for consignments not exceeding EUR 6,000 (Article 15). Retrospective 
issuance of certificates is permitted exceptionally if they were not i ssued at the time of exportation 
due to errors or involuntary omissions or special circumstances, or if it is demonstrated to the 
satisfaction of the customs authorities that a certificate was issued but was not accepted for technical 
reasons upon import ( Article 17). Article 21 permits the authorization of approved exporters who 
make frequent shipments of originating products, irrespective of the value of the products.  
3.33.  Title VI (Articles 30 to 35) includes arrangements for administrative cooperation betwee n the 
Parties and the possibility of penalties for the provision of incorrect information in a document in 
order to benefit from preferential treatment. Verifications of proofs of origin shall be carried out at 
random or whenever the customs authorities of  the importing Party have doubts about the 
authenticity of the documents submitted. If the customs authority decides to suspend preferential 
treatment while waiting for the results of the verification it shall offer to release the goods to the 
importer sub ject to any precautionary measures judged necessary. The results of the verification 
shall be transmitted to the requesting customs authority as soon as possible, and if there is no 
response within 10 months of the verification request or if the response d oes not contain sufficient 
information, the customs authority of the importing Party may in exceptional circumstances refuse 
to grant preferences (Article 3 1). Any disputes relating to the verification procedures which cannot 
be settled shall be submitted to the Special Committee on Customs Cooperation and Rules of Origin 
(Article 3 2). There are also provisions for the imposition of penalties for infringement of the Annex 
(Article 3 3).  
3.34.  Modifications were made to Title VII regarding the status of Ceuta and Melilla. The special 
conditions extended to products originating in Ceuta and Melilla in the EU -Chile Agreement do not 
apply under the Agreement. References to Ceuta and Melilla on the invoice declaration in 
Appendix  IV are also removed.  
3.3  Export duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  
3.35.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of the EU -Chile Agreement on export duties and 
charges, under which, the Parties agree that customs duties on exports between them shall be 
eliminated as from the date of entry into force of that Agreement (Article  60.2).  
3.36.  The Parties also agree that all import or export prohibitions or restrictions between them, 
other than customs duties and taxes, whether made effective through quotas, import or export 
licenses or other measures, shall be eliminated upon the entry  into force of the Agreement. No new 
such measures shall be introduced (Article 76). However, u nder Article 93 of the EU -Chile 
Agreement, where compliance with the provisions of Title I leads to a critical shortage of threat 
thereof of foodstuffs or other products essential to the exporting Party; or a shortage of essential 
quantities of domestic materials for a domestic processing industry during periods when the domestic 
price of such materials is held below world prices under a Government stabilization p lan, and where WT/REG423/1   
 
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  such situations give rise to or are likely to give rise to major difficulties for the exporting Party, the 
Party may take "appropriate" measures. Priority must be given to measures that are least likely to 
disturb the functioning of the arra ngements under the Agreement. They shall not be applied in a 
manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination where the same 
conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on trade and shall be eliminated when the conditio ns no 
longer justify their maintenance. The measures shall also not operate to increase the exports of, or 
the protection afforded to the domestic processing industry and shall not be discriminatory.  
3.37.  A Party intending to take measures under this provision shall supply the Association 
Committee with relevant information with a view to seeking a solution acceptable to the Parties. 
Failing agreement within 30 days of the matter being referred to the Committee, the exporting Party 
may apply measures on its expo rts. In exceptional cases the measure may be imposed sooner, and 
the Party shall inform the other Party immediately. Any measures applied under this provision shall 
be notified immediately to the Association Committee and be subject to periodic consultatio ns with 
a view to establishing a timetable for their elimination as soon as circumstances allow. Both Parties 
confirm that p rovisions of article 93 are in force and have not been applied.14  
3.4  Regulatory provisions  on trade in goods  
3.4.1   Standards  
3.4.1.1   Sanitary and ph ytosanitary measures  
3.38.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of Part IV Title II Chapter II Section 5 Article  89, 
and Annex IV of the EU -Chile Agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures which 
reaffirm the rights and obligations of the Parties  under the WTO SPS Agreement (preamble of 
Annex  IV). The Agreement also applies to animal welfare standards.  
3.39.  Modifications were made to the preamble, and Appendix II of Annex IV. In particular, 
"competent authorities" are replaced by "competent authoritie s of the United Kingdom", and the 
United Kingdom shall notify Chile of its competent authorities on the date of entry into force of the 
UK-Chile Agreement  (Table 3.5) . 
Table 3.5 United Kingdom's SPS competent authorities  
Government Body  SPS Responsibility  
Department for the 
Environment, Food and Rural 
Affairs (DEFRA)  UK's central competent authority for international trade in agri -food 
products.  
 
It is also the competent authority for policy, regulation and assurance 
related to animal health, animal welfare and plant health controls in 
England, as well as certain elements of feed and food la ws on, e.g.,  
veterinary residue monitoring and GMOs.  
 
Relevant authorities in  Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland  are:  
• Environment, Energy and Rural Affairs Department (EERAD) in 
Wales.  
• Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs 
(DAERA) in  Northern Ireland.  
• Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate (ARE) in Scotland.  
Website: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department -for-
environment -food-rural-affairs .  
Food Standards Agency (FSA)  The central competent authority for food and feed safety and hygiene in 
England, Wales and Northern Ireland.  
Website:  https://www.food.gov.uk/  
Food Standards Scotland (FSS)  The competent authority in Scotland for food and feed safety and hygiene.   
Website: https://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/  
 
14 Article 93 is part of the allowed exceptions (Chapter III of the EU -Chile Agreement) that may affect 
imports or exports, but are not necessarily applied directly to imports or exports. The e xceptions of the 
Agreement are: general exception clause (Article 91), safeguard clause (Article 92) and shortage clause 
(Article 93 ). WT/REG423/1  
 
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  Government Body  SPS Responsibility  
Chemicals Regulation 
Directorate, Health and Safety 
Executive (HSE)    Responsible for the regulation of pesticides ( maximum residue levels)  
Website: https://www.hse.gov.uk/crd/  
 
Source:  Information provided by the United Kingdom . 
 
3.40.  The Parties shall recognize the animal health status of the exporting Party or its regions for 
trade in accordance with Appendix IV.A, for animal diseases in Appendix III.A, and shall apply the 
concept of regionalization in trade between each other. Article 7 sets out a consultation process to 
determine equivalence which may be recog nized for an individual measure and/or group of measures 
and/or systems applicable to a sector or sectors.15 Unless otherwise mutually agreed the importing 
Party shall finalize the assessment of equivalence within 180 days of receiving the demonstration of  
equivalence from the exporting Party. Article 7 also contains procedures that must be followed if 
equivalence is to be withdrawn.  
3.41.  Transparency requirements include information to be provided by the Parties of SPS 
requirements for the import of products in  Appendices 1.A and 1.B, and compliance with the WTO 
SPS Agreement and subsequent decisions for notifications of amendments or proposed amendments 
of these import conditions. In carrying out import checks the Parties shall follow the principles in 
Appendix  VIII.A, and the frequencies set out in Appendix VIII.B. Inspection fees  may only cover the 
costs incurred and shall be equitable in relation to fees charged for inspection of equivalent domestic 
products. The Parties also agree to a systematic exchange of  information inter alia  for developing 
standards, and for providing assurance, and mutual confidence and efficacy of the programmes. 
Contact points for this purpose are the following (Table 3.6) .  
Table 3.6 SPS Contact Points for the Parties  
United Kingdom:  Chile  
DEFRA trade secretariat  
centralised contact point for all queries relating 
to trade agreement implementation in agri -food 
sectors across animal health, plant health and 
food and feed safety.   
Email: TradeSecretariat@defra.gov.uk : División de Aspectos Regulatorios del Comercio. 
Subsecretaría de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales, 
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores.  
Address: Teatinos 180, Piso 11. Santiago. Chile.  
Phone:+56 -228275250  
Email: sps_subrei@subrei.gob.cl  
DEFRA SPS Committee Secretariat  
Manage and run all SPS committees and SPS 
input into wider trade committees.  
Email: uksps.secretariat@defra.gov.uk    
Source:  Information provided by the Parties . 
 
3.42.  Further notification and consultation provisions in cases of serious or significant public, animal 
or plant health risk are provided for by Article 13 , and Article 14 provides for safeguard provisions 
to control any hazard to human, animal and plant health.  
3.43.  A Joint Management Committee is established to monitor implementation of the Agreement, 
review the appendices and modi fy them, and make recommendations for modifying the Agreement 
(Article 16).  
3.4.1.2   Technical barriers  to trade  
3.44.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of Part IV, Title II, Chapter II, Section 4 of the 
EU-Chile Agreement on standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures. The 
objective is to facilitate and increase trade in goods between the Parties by eliminating and 
preventing unnecessary barriers to trade, while taking into account the legitimate objectives of the 
Parties and the princip le of non -discrimination, within the meaning of the TBT Agreement which is 
specifically confirmed . The Parties agree to work towards: developing common views on good 
regulatory practices; reinforcing regulatory cooperation through information exchange; com patibility 
and/or equivalence of their respective technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment 
procedures; promoting and encouraging bilateral cooperation between their respective organizations 
responsible for metrology, standardization, test ing, certification and accreditation; promoting and 
 
15 Priority sectors or sub -sectors for which equivalence may be recognized are listed in Appendix V.  WT/REG423/1   
 
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  encouraging full participation in international standards setting bodies; and increasing bilateral 
cooperation in relevant international fora.  
3.45.  The Section does not apply to technical specifications prepar ed by governmental bodies for 
public procurement purposes, nor to sanitary and phytosanitary measures.  
3.46.  A special Committee on Technical Regulations, Standards and Conformity Assessment is 
established to address matters related to the effective functioning  of Section 4. Both Parties confirm 
that the Committee continues to exist.  
3.4.2   Safeguard mechanisms  
3.4.2.1   Global safeguards  
3.47.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of the EU -Chile Agreement on safeguard measures 
(Article 92). The Parties agree that the provisions of Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and of the WTO 
Agreement on Safeguards shall apply  unless otherwise provided for in Article 92. In the selection of 
safeguard measures priority shall be given to those which cause least disturbance to the 
achievem ent of the objectives of the Agreement and shall not exceed what is necessary to remedy 
the serious injury caused and shall preserve the level/margin of preference granted under the 
Agreement.  
3.48.  Provisions in p aragraphs 2 -5, and 7-9 of Article 92 only apply  when a party has substantial 
interest . Under the Agreement a Party is considered as having a substantial interest when it is among 
the five largest suppliers of the imported product during the most recent three -year period of time, 
measured in terms of eit her absolute volume or value.  The Parties confirm their rights and 
obligations under paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 8 of the WTO Safeguard Agreement. Safeguard 
measures must be notified upon application to the Association Committee and be the subject of 
consultations once a year within the Committee particularly with a view to their liberalization or 
removal.  
3.4.2.2   Bilateral safeguards  
3.49.  There are no provisions on bilateral safeguards in the Agreement.  
3.4.2.3   Special  safeguards  
3.50.  Article 73 of the EU -Chile Agreement stipulates that, notwithstanding its Article 92, and Article 
5 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, if a product originating in a Party is being imported into the 
other Party in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause 
serious injury or disturbance in the markets of like or directly competitive products of the other 
Party, that Party may take appropriate measures including safeguards, under the conditions and in 
accordance with  the procedures laid down in this Article. The importing Party may suspend the 
further reduction of any customs duties on the products concerned or increase the customs duty on 
the product to a level which does not exceed the lesser of the MFN customs duty , or the base rate. 
The Association Council must be consulted before imposition of the measure, to seek a mutually 
acceptable solution. If no solution is found within 30 days of the date of referral the safeguard 
measure may be applied. In exceptional case s the measure may be imposed without referral to the 
Council for a transition period of up to 120 days. The measure shall not exceed that strictly necessary 
to limit or redress the injury or disturbance. The Agreement also requires that the overall level o f 
preferences granted to the other Party be maintained for which the Parties shall consult to agree 
compensation for the adverse effects of the measure on their trade including any transitional period 
during which the measure was applied. If no agreement i s reached within 30 days of consultations 
in the Association Council, the affected exporting Party, after notification to the Council, may suspend 
the application of substantially equivalent concessions under Title I.  
3.4.3   Anti-dumping and countervailing  measu res. 
3.51.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of Part IV, Title II, Chapter II, Section 2 of the 
EU-Chile Agreement on anti -dumping and countervailing measures. Article 78 stipulates that, if a 
Party determines that dumping and/or countervailable subsidis ation is taking place in its trade with WT/REG423/1  
 
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  the other Party, it may take appropriate measures in accordance with the WTO Agreement on 
Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures.  
3.4.4   Subsidies and s tate-aid 
3.52.  Article 77 of the EU -Chile Agreement on national treatment on internal taxation and regulation 
stipulates that, provisions of this Article shall not prevent the payment of subsidies exclusively to 
domestic producers, including payments to domestic  producers derived from the proceeds of internal 
taxes or charges applied consistently with the provisions of this Article and subsidies effected through 
governmental purchases of domestic products. The UK -Chile Agreement incorporates this Article.  
3.53.  Article 177 of the EU -Chile Agreement on exchange of information and confidentiality states  
each Party shall provide the other Party with information on state aid on an annual basis , including 
the overall amount of aid and, if possible, the segregation by sector . The UK -Chile Agreement 
incorporates this Article.  
3.4.5   Customs -related procedures  
3.54.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of Part IV, Title II, Chapter II, Section 3 of the 
EU-Chile Agreement on customs and related matters. The Parties agree on customs and related 
trade matters (Article 79) including cooperation and exchange of information on customs legislation 
and procedures as well as rules of origin and customs valuation, simplification of requirements and 
formalities on the release and clearance of good s. To improve working methods, they agree to, 
inter alia: take further steps towards reduction, simplification and standardization of data in customs 
documentation; collaborate on legislative and operational initiatives relating to import, export and 
custo ms procedures; cooperate on technical assistance, and on the computerisation of customs 
procedures and collaborate towards the establishment of standards, as well as apply international 
rules and standards in the customs field and establish common position s in international fora. They 
also agree to base their respective trade and customs provisions and procedures inter alia  on 
legislation that avoids unnecessary burdens on economic operators, effective enforcement of 
legislative requirements, the applicatio n of modern customs techniques, transparent, efficient and 
simplified procedures, rules and procedures that provide for advance binding rules on tariff 
classification and rules of origin and that facilitate imports through the use of simplified or pre -arrival 
customs procedures, and import provisions that do not require pre -shipment inspection. 
Consultations, cooperation between operators and customs officials as well as a commitment to 
publish, electronically if possible, new legislation and general proced ures are also provided for.  
3.55.  With regard to customs valuation the WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the 
GATT without Article 20 and paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of Annex III of that Agreement governs the rules 
that apply between the Parties (Articl e 80).   
3.56.  Preferential treatment may be temporarily suspending by a Party if it determines that there 
has been systematic failure to provide administrative cooperation or fraud by the other Party. Before 
the temporary suspension the Party that has found syst ematic failure or fraud must submit all 
relevant information to the Association Committee with a view to reaching a solution acceptable to 
the Parties. It must also publish in its Official Journal details of the products concerned. The Parties 
will hold co nsultations in the Committee within 10 days of the notification of information. If they do 
not reach agreement within 30 days of the initiation of consultations, preferential treatment may be 
suspended temporarily. Temporary suspensions shall not exceed si x months, which may be renewed 
and shall be subject to periodic review in the Committee.  
3.57.  A Special Committee on Customs Cooperation and Rules of Origin is created by Article 81 to 
monitor the implementation of Articles 79 and 80 and of Annex III and other  customs matters related 
to market access, as well as provide a forum for consultations on all issues concerning customs 
related issues.  
3.4.6   Other regulations  
3.58.  There are no provisions on other regulations in the Agreement.  WT/REG423/1   
 
- 24 - 
 
  3.5  Sector -specific provisions on trade i n goods  
3.59.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of the EU -Chile Agreement on wines, spirit drinks 
and aromatised drinks.  
3.5.1   Wines  
3.60.  Annex V includes specific rules on trade in wines covered by HS Heading 22.04. It includes 
provisions on the mutual protection  of geographical indications (GIs) for wine under the appropriate 
provisions of Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement. Article 6 protects GIs listed in Annexes I and II for 
the EU and Chile respectively with the Agreement amending Appendix I to remove referenc es to GIs 
relating to parts of the EU that are not the UK, while Article 7 allows the Parties to refuse registration 
of trademarks for wine which is identical with or similar to or contains a GI protected under Article  5. 
Article 8 permits the protection o f traditional expressions or complementary quality mentions (in 
Article 9); the Agreement amends Appendix III to not incorporate traditional expressions relating to 
part of the EU that are not the UK.  
3.61.  Other provisions in the Annex include oenological prac tices and processes and product 
specifications; import certification requirements; sanitary and phytosanitary measures; mutual 
assistance between control authorities; management of the Agreement; and general provisions.  
3.62.  Annex V contains eight appendixes, which form an integral part of the Annex. They cover 
geographical indications of wines; list of traditional expressions; complementary quality mentions; 
oenological practices and processes and product specifications; trademarks; and a protocol which 
lists the parameters of wines which may be authorized for import.  
3.63.  A Joint Committee is established under Article 30 which shall meet at the request of the 
Parties and shall see to the proper functioning of the Agreement. Consultations and dispute 
settlement under the Agreement's dispute settlement mechanism are also foreseen.  
3.5.2   Spirit drinks and aromatised drinks  
3.64.  Annex VI includes specific rules on trade in spirit drinks under HS Heading 22.08 and 
aromatised drinks under HS 22.05.  
3.65.  The Annex provides for the protection of protected designations for the names referred to in 
Article 6 of the Annex and listed in Appendix I and II, respectively for the Parties; Section A of 
Appendix I is amended by the Agreement and replaced by a list of protected designat ions of spirit 
drinks originating in the United Kingdom.16 Registration of a trademark shall be refused for a spirit 
drink or an aromatized drink which is identical with or contains a protected designation protected by 
Article 5 of the Annex.  
3.66.  A Joint Comm ittee is established under Article 17 which shall meet at the request of the 
Parties and shall see to the proper functioning of the Agreement. Consultations and dispute 
settlement under the Agreement's dispute settlement mechanism are also foreseen.  
3.67.  The An nex also contains provisions on sanitary and phytosanitary measures; mutual 
assistance between control authorities; management of the Agreement; and general provisions.  
3.68.  It also contains three appendixes, which form an integral part of the Annex. They cove r 
protected designations for spirit drinks and aromatised drinks; trademarks; and a protocol defining 
the quantities that are to be considered as small.  
 
16 The products listed are Whisky including Scotch Whisky, Irish Whisky (including the t erms "malt" or 
"grain), Whiskey including Irish Whiskey and Uisce Beatha Eireannach/Irish Whiskey (including the term "Pot 
Still") and Liqueur including Irish Cream. The list shall not prejudice any existing rights in relation to Ireland 
recognized by Chil e with respect to Irish Whiskey, Uisce Beatha Eireannach/Irish Whiskey and Irish Cream.  WT/REG423/1  
 
- 25 - 
 
  4  PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN SERVICES  
4.1.  The Agreement incorporates the relevant aspects for liberalization of trade in services as stated 
in Title III (Trade in Services and Establishment) of Part IV (Trade and Trade -Related Matters) and 
related Annexes and Appendices of the EU -Chile FTA . Such provisions are made part of the 
Agreement and apply, mutatis  mutandis17, subject to modifications specified in Sections 11, 12 and 
13 of the Annex to the Agreement.  
4.1  Scope and definitions  
4.2.  The incorporated provisions of Title III (Trade in Services and Establishment) of Part IV (Trade 
and Trade -Related Matters) of the EU -Chile FTA are divided between  three chapters. Chapter I 
(Services) applies to measures taken at  the central, regional or local level and covers all four modes 
of supply, as defined in the GATS mutatis mutandis . It covers all sectors with the exception of 
financ ial services, which are the subject of Chapter II; audio -visual services; national maritime 
cabotage; and air transport services, including domestic and international transportation services, 
whether scheduled or non -scheduled, and services directly relate d to the exercise of traffic rights .18 
International maritime transport and telecommunications services are subject to additional 
provisions in sections 2 and 3, respectively, of Chapter I19 of the incorporated Agreement. Chapter 
I does not apply to govern ment procurement, which is subject to the provisions of Part IV, Title IV 
(Government Procurement), and to subsidies granted by the Parties. Investment in services sectors 
is dealt with in Chapter I (except for financial services), while Chapter III (Estab lishment) deals with 
establishment in non -services sectors. For further details, see paragraphs 15 -17 of the factual 
presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document WT/REG164/7.  
4.3.  The Agreement also incorporates the Parties' specific commitments on services (ex cept 
financial services) (Annex VII); specific commitments on financial services (Annex VIII); list of the 
authorities responsible for financial services (Annex IX); and specific commitments on establishment 
(Annex  X).  
4.4.  Modifications to the incorporated EU -Chile FTA concern the Community's schedule of specific 
commitments on services, financial services and establishment, and are further described in the 
respective sections of this Factual Presentation.  
4.5.  The Agreement also contains a Joint Declaration regard ing Article 196 ("Taxation") of the EU -
Chile FTA in which the Parties agree that Article 196 of the incorporated Agreement includes the tax 
exception referred to in Article XIV GATS and its footnotes.  
4.2  Denial of benefits  
4.6.  The Agreement does not include a den ial of benefits provision per se  but incorporated 
provisions of Article 96 of the EU -Chile FTA clarify that legal persons having only their registered 
office or central administration in a Party's territory shall not benefit from preferences granted by 
the Agreement, unless they engage in substantive business operations in the territory of the Parties.  
4.3  General provisions on trade in services  
4.7.  The Agreement applies to all services sectors (except the exceptions in Article 95.2 of the 
incorporated Agreement) u nless otherwise stated, in which case it only applies to the listed sectors, 
(i.e. for the purposes of market access, national treatment and domestic regulation). A number of 
 
17 Mutatis mutandis , as referred to in this Factual Presentation, under Article  2 of the UK -Chile FTA 
means "with the necessary modifications to apply the EU -Chile Agree ment as if it had been concluded between 
the United Kingdom and Chile, taking into account the object and purpose of this present Agreement".  
18 Aircraft repair and maintenance services during which an aircraft is withdrawn from service; selling 
and marketi ng of air transport services; and computer reservation system (CRS) services are coved by the 
Agreement . 
19 Articles 107 and 109 of the EU -Chile FTA, respectively, provide the relevant definitions for these 
sectors. The provisions on international maritime transport apply to shipping companies established outside the 
Parties and controlled by their nationals, if their vessels are registered in accordance with their respective 
legislation and carry the flag of one of the Parties.  WT/REG423/1   
 
- 26 - 
 
  provisions only apply to scheduled sectors, which are listed following GATS sched uling practices, i.e. 
a "positive list" approach.  
4.8.  The EU -Chile Implementation report (6 November 2014 document WT/REG164/R/I) states that 
some discussions were held further to the mandate of Article 101 of the EU -Chile FTA that concerns 
the movement of na tural persons. According to the report, "the Parties eventually decided not to 
start formal negotiations for the moment".  The Parties have confirmed that no further modifications 
were made to natural persons movement regulations.  
4.3.1   Market  Access  
4.9.  The Agreement incorporates without modifications market access provisions as set out in 
Chapter I of the EU -Chile FTA (Article 97). Such provisions are modelled on GATS Article XVI and 
bind the Parties to grant each other treatment no less favourable than that  provided for in the 
schedules of commitments.  
4.3.2   National and MFN treatment  
4.10.  The Agreement fully incorporates provisions on national and MFN treatment as stated in 
Chapter I of the EU -Chile FTA (Article 9 8).20 
4.3.3   Commercial presence  
4.11.  There are no specific provisi ons for Mode 3 in the Agreement. All the provisions contained in 
the incorporated Agreement are applicable to Modes 3.  
4.3.4   Movement of natural persons  
4.12.  The Agreement incorporates without modifications provisions on movement of natural persons 
as set out in Cha pter I of the EU -Chile FTA (Article 101).21 
4.4  Liberalization commitments  
4.4.1   The United Kingdom  
4.13.  Under the Agreement the UK incorporates, mutatis  mutandis , liberalization commitments 
listed in Part A of Annex VII, VIII and X (respectively Community's Schedule of Specific 
Commitments on Services, financial services and establishment); and related attachments to the 
EU-Chile FTA (referred to as "incorporated FTA schedule") with modifications stated in the Annex to 
the Agreement that concern the following:  
4.14.  Introducto ry notes to Part A of Annex VII, VIII and X (respectively Community's Schedule of 
Specific Commitments on Services, financial services and establishment): references to the EU, the 
EU Treaties, EU legislation made under those Treaties, or commitments or re servations made by EU 
Member States, and list of abbreviations for the Member States of the European Union have not 
been incorporated into the Agreement.  
4.15.  Attachment A (Glossary), entitled "Terms used for individual Member States", has not been 
incorporated  into the Agreement.  
4.16.  Modifications concerning horizontal commitments, sector specific commitments and additional 
commitments are listed in Sections 11, 12 and 13 of the Annex to the Agreement and described 
further in relevant sections of this Factual Prese ntation.  
 
20 For further details, see pa ragraph s 20-21 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG 164/7. 
21 For further details, see paragraph  22 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG 164/7. WT/REG423/1  
 
- 27 - 
 
  4.4.1.1   MFN and horizontal commitments  
4.17.  Under the Agreement the UK incorporates, mutatis  mutandis , most of the horizontal 
commitments that are listed in the incorporated FTA schedule22 except for the following 
modifications:  
 - in the table of specific commitments, national treatment reservations concerning commercial 
presence (Part A of Annex VII, VIII and X to the incorporated FTA schedule) has been amended 
to remove the reference to the treatment of branches or agencies established in the EU under 
EU law23; 
 
 - in the table of specific commitments, national treatment reservation for movement of natural 
persons regarding the mutual recognition of diplomas (Part A of Annex VII and VIII of the 
incorporated FTA schedule) has not been incorporated into the Agreement .24 
 
4.18.  With regard to Mode 4, the horizontal sections of both the GATS and the incorporated FTA 
schedules distinguish between the commitments for Intra -Corporate Transferees (ICT) and Business 
Visitors (BV) on the one hand, and Contractual Service Suppliers (CSS) on the other hand. While 
the horizontal commitments for ICTs and BVs apply for all subsequently listed subsectors, those for 
CSS apply only to a selected number of specified subsectors.  
4.19.  The definition of ICTs in the incorporated FTA schedule, as in the UK's GATS commitments, is 
for one year of employment of the person in the foreign juridical person immediately prior to transfer. 
Also, the incorporated FTA schedule contains two sub -categories of ICTs: the first concerning 
"persons who primarily direct the management under general supervision from the board"; and 
secondly, "persons who possess uncommon knowledge essential for the establishment's service, 
research equipment, techniques, or management." As under the GATS, for both categories, the 
incorporated FTA schedule does not contain any market access restrictions (such as economic needs 
tests (ENTs)).  
4.20.  With regard to Business Visitors, in the incorporated F TA schedule, as under the GATS, the 
UK maintains the same commitments on "service sellers" and persons involved in the "establishment 
of commercial presence".  
4.21.  For Contractual Service Suppliers, i.e. juridical persons without a commercial presence in the 
UK who send employees to carry out a services contract in the UK, the incorporated FTA schedule 
uses identical definitions as in the UK's GATS commitments.  
4.22.  As under its GATS commitments, the UK maintains specific requirements (i.e. university 
degree, profe ssional qualifications and/or professional experience) for CSS in the following sectors:  
• Business services : legal advice services; accounting services; taxation advisory 
services; architectural services; integrated engineering services; urban planning and 
landscape architectural services; advertising services; management consulting service; 
services related to management consulting; technical testing and analysis services; 
other translation services;  
• Construction and related engineering services: site inves tigation work (CPC 5111).  
 
22 For further details, see paragraphs 25-39 of the fact ual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG 164/7. 
23 The text that has not been incorporated states the following: " However, this does not prevent a 
Member State from extending this treatment to branches or agencies established in another Member  State by 
a Chilean company or firm, as regards their operation in the first Member State's territory, unless such 
extension is explicitly prohibited by Community law ". 
24 The text that has not been incorporated states the following: "Community (EC) directives on mutual 
recognition of diplomas do not apply to nationals of third countries. Recognition of the diplomas which are 
required in order to practise regulated professional services by non -Community nationals remains within the 
competence of each Member State, unless Community law provides otherwise. The right to practise a regulated 
professional service in one Member State does not grant the right to practise in another Member State."  WT/REG423/1   
 
- 28 - 
 
  4.23.  As under the UK's GATS commitments, an economic needs test applies to the CSS category 
in the following subsectors:  
• Business services : engineering services; advertising services; management consulting 
service; services related to management consulting; technical testing and analysis 
services; other translation services;  
• Construction and related engineering services : site investigation work (CPC 5111) . 
4.24.  The main improvements are in the market access conditions for bookkeep ing services (CPC 
86220) where instead of an unbound, CSS from Chile are permitted into the UK, subject to a 
university degree, professional qualifications and three years' experience in the sector.  
4.25.  Unlike the UK's GATS commitments, the incorporated FTA s chedule contains an additional 
requirement for CSS in a form of an economic needs test that has been added for business services 
(integrated engineering services (CPC 8673) and urban planning and landscape architectural 
services (CPC 8674)).  
4.4.1.2   Sector specif ic commitments  
4.26.  The UK incorporates, mutatis mutandis , applicable EU specific commitments under the EU -
Chile FTA for most services sectors25 except for business services; financial services; and transport 
services, where modifications have been made.  
4.27.  Table 4.1 provides a comparison of the UK's GATS specific commitments in Modes 1 -3 with 
those taken under the Agreement. Horizontal limitations and MFN reservations are not taken into 
account in the table which should be read in conjunction with the Annex to the  Agreement, Part A 
of the incorporated Annexes VII, VIII, and X (respectively Community's Schedule of Specific 
Commitments on Services, financial services and establishment), and related attachments of the 
EU-Chile FTA . There is, as yet, no certified UK Sc hedule of Specific Commitments; the proposed 
draft has been circulated in document S/C/W/380.  
Table 4.1 United Kingdom: Comparison between the GATS and Agreement specific 
commitments in trade in services (excludi ng mode 4 and horizontal limitations)  
Sectors / Sub -sectors  GATS  FTA 
compared 
to GATS  FTA sector -specific 
liberalization  
Sector 
coverage  Commit -
mentsa 
1. Business services          
A. Professional  Services  Partial  Similar  Partial  Partial  
B. Computer  and Related  Services  Full Same  Full Full 
C. Research  and Development  Services  Partial  Improved  Full Full 
D. Real  Estate  Services  Full Same  Full Full 
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  Partial  Similar  Partial  Partial (M)  
F. Other  Business  Services  Partial  Improved  Partial  Partial  
2. Communication services          
A. Postal  services  - New Partial  Full 
B. Courier  services  - New Partial  Full 
C. Telecommunication  services  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
D. Audiovisual services  - - - - 
E. Other  - - - - 
3. Construction and related engineering 
services          
A. General  construction  work for buildings  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
B. General  construction  work for civil Engineering  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
C. Installation  and assembly  work Partial  Same  Full Partial  
D. Building  completion  and finishing  work  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
E. Other  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
4. Distribution services          
A. Commission  agents'  services  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
B. Wholesale  trade  services  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
 
25 For further details, see paragraphs 40 -66 of the factual pres entation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7 . WT/REG423/1  
 
- 29 - 
 
  Sectors / Sub -sectors  GATS  FTA 
compared 
to GATS  FTA sector -specific 
liberalization  
Sector 
coverage  Commit -
mentsa 
C. Retailing  services  Partial  Improved  Partial  Full 
D. Franchising  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
E. Other  - - - - 
5. Education services          
A. Primary education services  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
B. Secondary education services  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
C. Higher education services  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
D. Adult education  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
E. Other education services  - - - - 
6. Environmental services          
A. Sewage services  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
B. Refuse disposal services  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
C. Sanitation and similar services  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
D. Other  Partial  Similar  Partial  Partial  
7. Financial services      (M)   
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services   Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
B. Banking  and other  financial  services  Partial  Improved  Partial  Partial  
8. Health related and social services          
A. Hospital services  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
B. Other Human Health Services  - Same  Full - 
C. Social Services  Partial  Same  Partial  Partial  
D. Other  - - - - 
9. Tourism and travel related services          
A. Hotels  and restaurants (including catering)  Partial  Same  Partial  Partial  
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators  services  Full Same  Full Full 
C. Tourist  guides  services  Full Same  Full Full 
D. Other  - - - - 
10. Recreational and cultural and sporting 
services          
A. Entertainment  services  Partial  Same  Full Partial  
B. News agency services  Full Same  Full Full 
C. Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural 
services  - Same  Full - 
D. Sporting and other recreational services  Partial  Same  Partial  Full 
E. Other  - - - - 
11. Transport services          
A. Maritime Transport Services  - New Partial  Partial  
B. Internal Waterways Transport  - New Partial  Partial (M)  
C. Air  Transport  Services  Partial  Same  Partial  Partial  
D. Space  Transport  - - - - 
E. Rail  Transport  Services  Partial  Same  Partial  Partial  
F. Road  Transport  Services  Partial  Narrower  Partial  Partial  
G. Pipeline  Transport  - - - - 
H. Services  auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  Partial  Same  Partial  Partial  
I. Other  Transport  Services  Partial  Same  Partial  Partial  
12. Other services not included elsewhere  - - - - 
General Note:  MFN and Horizontal limitations, as well as Mode 4 commitments/limitations are not included . 
a Information in this column refers only to commitments in sectors or sub -sectors covered under the 
Agreement.  
(M) Modifications introduced by the Agreement to the incorporated EU schedules annexed to the EU -Chile 
FTA. 
Full: Specific commitments not subject to limitation(s) under market access or national treatment.  
Partial:  Specific commitments subject to some limitation(s) under market access or national treatment.  
- : No specific commitment ; sector or subsector excluded from the GATS and the Agreement . 
New: New commitments full or partial, with or without limitations.  
Improved: Over all improved commitments under the Agreement compared to those under the GATS.  
Narrower: Some additional limitations (as compared to GATS commitments).  
Similar:  Similar liberalization possibly, in individual cases, with limited improvements and/or limited additional 
reservations.  
Source:  The United Kingdom's modifications to the incorporated EU schedules annexed to the Agreement; 
European Union schedules annexed to the EU -Chile FTA (WT/REG 164/7) and United Kingdom GATS 
commitments.  
 WT/REG423/1   
 
- 30 - 
 
  4.28.  The UK incorporates, mutatis mutandis,  the commitments under the EU's Schedule of Specific 
Commitments on Services (under Part A of Annex VII of the EU -Chile FTA) for all sectors; no f urther 
changes are made in construction and related services26 and education services .27 The Agreement 
makes further changes  to the commitments in other sectors, as below.  
4.4.1.2.1   Business services  
4.29.  The UK incorporates, mutatis  mutandis , the commitments under Part  A of Annex VII 
(Community's Schedule  of Specific Commitments on Services) of the EU -Chile FTA28, with the 
following modification: for the subsector " rental/ leasing services without operators ( relating to 
aircraft)" in the market access reservations for Mode 2 , the words "or elsewhere in the Community" 
have not been incorporated .29 
4.30.  In comparison to its GATS commitments, the UK has improved its commitments for veterinary 
services and has undertaken new full c ommitments for R&D services on natural sciences (CPC 851); 
interdisciplinary R&D services (CPC 853); and related scientific and technical consulting services 
(CPC 8675) .30 Unlike its GATS commitments, for " legal advice home country law and public 
internati onal law" the scope of the UK 's specific commitments is narrower under the incorporated 
FTA schedule as it excludes EC law.  
4.4.1.2.2   Communication services  
4.31.  In addition to incorporating commitments under the EU -Chile FTA31, in comparison to the UK's  
GATS commitment s, the incorporated FTA schedule suggests new commitments taken by the UK for 
postal and courier services. As under the UK 's GATS commitments, audio -visual services are not 
covered by the incorporated FTA schedule . 
4.4.1.2.3   Distribution Services  
4.32.  In addition to incorporating  commitments under the EU -Chile FTA32, the coverage of the 
various subsectors has been expanded in comparison to the GATS  commitments : CPC 6111, 6113, 
and 6121 are added to commission agents' services; CPC 61111, 6113, and 6121 to wholesale trade  
services; and CPC 613 to retailing services. The UK has also improved its commitments for retailing 
services by fully liberalizing Mode 1.  
4.4.1.2.4   Environmental Services  
4.33.  In addition to incorporating commitments under the EU -Chile FTA33, the UK has undertaken 
a number of new commitments : full liberalization for consumption abroad on "water for human use"; 
full liberalization for consumption abroad and commercial presence on "remediation and clean up of 
soil and waters (part of CPC 94060)" . Other services have been  renamed, but have remained 
substantially identical, and have the same CPC numbers and commitments as under  the GATS, 
except for "other environmental and ancillary services (part of CPC 94090)" where the commitments 
 
26 For further details, see paragraphs 51-52 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7 . 
27 For further details, see paragraphs 54-56 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7 . 
28 For further details, see paragraphs 40 -46 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7 . 
29 In the table of specific commitments, for sector "1. BUSINESS SERVICES", sub -sector "E. 
Rental/Leasing Se rvices without Operations", sub sub -sector (b) "Relating to Aircraft", in the column specifying 
the limitations on market access, for mode 2, "or elsewhere in the Community" has not been incorporated into 
the Agreement.  
30 Subsector "Related scientific and technical consulting services (CPC 8675)" is placed under "Other 
Professional Services" in the UK uncertified GATS schedule (document S/C/W/380).  
31 For further details, see paragraphs 47-50 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG 164/7 . 
32 For further details, see paragraph  53 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7 . 
33 For further details, see paragraphs 57-58 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7 . WT/REG423/1  
 
- 31 - 
 
  under the incorporated Agreement  appear to be narrower in scope in comparison to the UK's GATS  
commitments .  
4.4.1.2.5   Financial Services  
4.34.  The UK incorporates , mutatis  mutandis , Part A of Annex VII I (Community's Schedule of 
Specific Commitments on  Financial  Services) of the EU -Chile FTA34 except for the need for branches 
to obtain separate authorisation to operate in each EU Member State35, as well as certain additional 
commitments by the EU on insur ance, i.e. cooperation among the insurance regulatory and 
supervisory authorities of the Member States36 and smooth operation of the EU's internal market in 
insurance .37 
4.35.  Under the incorporated FTA schedule, the UK has undertaken commitments in accordance 
with the provisions of the "Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services". In terms of 
improvements, the UK has eliminated its restrictions on the lead management of securities issues 
denominated in domestic currency for banking and other financial se rvices.  
4.4.1.2.6   Health Related and Social Services  
4.36.  In addition to incorporating commitments under the EU -Chile FTA, the incorporated FTA 
schedule replicates the UK's commitments for hospital and social services with full commitments for 
consumption abroad and commercial presence.  Unlike its GATS commitments, the UK has scheduled 
"unbound" for all modes of supply for other human health services (CPC 9319).  
4.4.1.2.7   Tourism and Travel related Services  
4.37.  For this sector, the UK replicates its GATS commitments for scheduled subsectors with full 
liberalization for Modes 1 -3 for travel agencies and tour operators services, and tourist guides 
services; and Modes 2 -3 for hotels, restaurants and catering with remaining "unbound" for cross -
border supply, except for catering.  
4.4.1.2.8   Recre ational and Cultural and Sporting Services  
4.38.  In addition to incorporating commitments under the EU -Chile FTA, the coverage and level of 
liberalization for all modes of supply for entertainment, news and press agency, and sporting and 
other recreation service s under the incorporated Agreement are the same as under the GATS. Unlike 
its GATS commitments, the UK has scheduled "unbound" for all modes of supply for library, archives, 
museums and other cultural services (CPC 963).  
 
34 For further detai ls, see paragraph 59 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7 . 
35 The footnote that has not been incorporated states the following: "Unlike foreign subsidiaries, 
branches established directly in a Member State by a Chilean financial institution are not, with certain limited 
exceptions, subject to prudential regulations harmonised at Community level which enable such subsidiaries to 
benefit from enhanced facilities to set up new establishments and to provide cross -border services throughout 
the Community. Therefore, such branches receive an authorisation to operate in the territory of a Member 
State under conditions equivalent to those applied to domestic financial institutions of that Member State, and 
may be required  to satisfy a number of specific prudential requirements such as, in the case of banking and 
securities, separate capitalisation and other solvency requirements and reporting and publication of accounts 
requirements or, in the case of insurance, specific g uarantee and deposit requirements, a separate 
capitalisation, and the localisation in the Member State concerned of the assets representing the technical 
reserves and at least one third of the solvency margin. Member States may apply the restrictions indic ated in 
this schedule only with regard to the direct establishment from Chilean of a commercial presence or to the 
provision of cross -border services from Chile; consequently, a Member State may not apply these restrictions, 
including those concerning esta blishment, to Chilean subsidiaries established in other Member States of the 
Community, unless these restrictions can also be applied to companies or nationals of other Member States in 
conformity with Community law."  
36 Paragraph (a) that has not been inco rporated reads as follows: "The Community notes the close 
cooperation among the insurance regulatory and supervisory authorities of the Member States and encourage 
their efforts to promote improved supervisory standards".  
37 Paragraph (d) that has not been incorporated reads as follows: "The Community will make its best 
endeavours to examine any questions pertaining to the smooth operation of the internal market in insurance, 
and consider any issues that might have an impact on the internal market in insuran ce". WT/REG423/1   
 
- 32 - 
 
  4.4.1.2.9   Transport services  
4.39.  For transport s ervices, the UK incorporates, mutatis  mutandis , Part A of Annex VII 
(Community's Schedule of Specific  Commitments on Services) of the EU -Chile FTA38 except for 
references to the Rhine -Maine -Danube links and regulations implementing the Mannheim Convention 
on Rhine Shipping, which have not been incorporated in th e subsector  "Internal Waterways 
Transport".39 
4.40.  In comparison to the GATS, under the incorporated FTA schedule the UK has undertaken new 
partial commitments for all modes of supply for maritime transpo rt services. For road transport 
services, the UK's commitments for passenger remain as under the GATS; however, for freight 
transportation (CPC 7123) and for maintenance and repair of road transport equipment (CPC 6112) 
its GATS commitments are deeper that  those under the incorporated FTA schedule.  
4.4.2   Chile  
4.41.  Under the Agreement, Chile fully incorporates, mutatis  mutandis , horizontal and sector -
specific commitments that are listed in Part B of Annex es VII, VIII and X  (respectively Chile's 
Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services , financial services and establishment ).40  
4.42.  Table 4.2 provides a comparison of Chile's GATS specific commitments in modes 1 -3 with 
those taken under the Agreement. Horizontal limitations and MFN reservations are not taken in to 
account in the table which should be read in conjunction with incorporated Part B of Annexes VII, 
VIII and X (respectively Chile's Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services, financial services 
and establishment.  
Table 4.2 Chile: Compa rison between the GATS and Agreement specific commitments in 
trade in services (excluding mode 4 and horizontal limitations)  
Sectors / Sub -sectors   GATS   FTA compared 
to GATS   FTA sector -specific 
liberalization  
Sector 
coverage  Commit -
mentsa 
1. Business services      
A. Professional  Services  Partial  New/Improved  Partial  Partial  
B. Computer  and Related  Services  - New Partial  Full 
C. Research  and Development  Services  - New Full Partial  
D. Real  Estate  Services  - New Full Full 
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  Partial  Improved  Partial  Full 
F. Other  Business  Services  Partial  New/Improved  Partial  Partial  
2. Communication services      
A. Postal  services  - New Partial  Partial  
B. Courier  services  - New Partial  Partial  
C. Telecommunication  services  Partial  New/Similar  Partial  Partial  
D. Audiovisual services  - - - - 
E. Other  - - - - 
3. Construction and related engineering services  - New Full Partial  
4. Distribution services  - - - - 
A. Commission agents' services  - New Partial  Full 
B. Wholesale  trade services  - New Partial  Full 
C. Retailing services  - New Partial  Full 
D. Franchising  - New Full Full 
E. Other  - New Full Full 
5. Education services  - - - - 
6. Environmental services  - New Partial  Partial  
7. Financial services      
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services   Partial  New/Improved   Partial   Partial  
B. Banking  and other  financial  services  Partial  New/Improved  Partial  Partial  
 
38 For further details, see paragraphs 60-66 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7 . 
39 In the table of specific commitments, for sector "10. TRANSPORT SERVICES", sub -sector "B. Internal 
Waterways Transport", in the columns specifying the limitations on market access and on national treatment, 
for modes 1 and 3, in the first paragraph, “(inc luding agreements following the Rhine -Main-Danube link)” and 
“Regulations implementing the Mannheim Convention on Rhine Shipping” have not been incorporated into the 
Agreement.  
40 For further details, see paragraphs 67 -76 of the factual presentation on the EU-Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7.  WT/REG423/1  
 
- 33 - 
 
  Sectors / Sub -sectors   GATS   FTA compared 
to GATS   FTA sector -specific 
liberalization  
Sector 
coverage  Commit -
mentsa 
C. Other  Partial  New Partial  Partial  
8. Health related and social services  - - - - 
9. Tourism and travel related services      
A. Hotels  and restaurants (including catering)  Partial  Improved  Full Full 
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators  services  Partial  Improved  Full Full 
C. Tourist  guides  services  Partial  Improved  Full Full 
D. Other  - - - - 
10. Recreational and cultural and sporting services      
A. Entertainment  services  - New Full Full 
B. News agency services  - New Full Full 
C. Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural services  - New Full Full 
D. Sporting and other recreational services  - New Partial  Partial  
E. Other  - New Partial  Partial  
11. Transport services      
A. Maritime Transport Services  - New Partial  Partial  
B. Internal Waterways Transport  - New Partial  Partial  
C. Air  Transport  Services  Partial  Improved  Partial  Partial  
D. Space  Transport  - - - - 
E. Rail Transport  Services  - - - - 
F. Road  Transport  Services  - New Partial  Partial  
G. Pipeline  Transport  - New Partial  Partial  
H. Services  auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  - New Partial  Partial  
I. Other  Transport  Services  - - - - 
12. Other services not included elsewhere  - -   
General Note:   MFN and Horizontal limitations, as well as Mode 4 commitments/limitations not considered.  
a Information in this column refers only to commitments in sectors or sub -sectors covered under the 
Agreement.  
Full: Specific commitments not subject to limitation(s) under market access or national treatment.  
Partial:  Specific commitments subject to some limitation(s) under market access or national treatment.  
- : No specific commitment ; sector or subsector excluded from th e GATS and the Agreement . 
New: New commitments full or partial, with or without limitations.  
Improved: Overall improved commitments under the Agreement compared to those under the GATS.  
Similar:  Similar commitment(s) made under th e Agreement as those under the GATS.  
Source:  Chile schedules incorporated under the Agreement and annexed to the EU -Chile FTA;  Chile Draft 
Consolidated GATS Schedule of Specific Commitments (S/DCS/W/ CHL). 
 
4.5  Regulatory provisions  
4.5.1   Domestic regulation  
4.43.  The Ag reement fully incorporates provisions on domestic regulation that are contained in 
Article  102 of the EU -Chile FTA.41 The Parties confirmed that no disciplines were modified .  
4.5.2   Recognition  
4.44.  The Agreement  fully incorporates provisions on recognition as stated in Article 103 of the EU -
Chile FTA.42 The Parties confirmed that no disciplines were modified.   
4.5.3   Subsidies  
4.45.  The Agreement  fully incorporates Article 95 of the EU -Chile FTA that excludes subsidies 
grante d by the Parties  from the application of Chapter I (Services).43 Article 95 of the EU -Chile FTA 
sets out that  Parties shall review the issue of disciplines on subsidies related to trade in services in 
the context of the review of this Chapter, as provided in Article 100, with a view to incorporating 
 
41 For further details, see paragraphs 77 -79 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7.  
42 For further details, see paragraphs 80 -81 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in docume nt 
WT/REG164/7.  
43 For further details, see paragraph s 17, 28  and 69 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in 
document WT/REG164/7.  WT/REG423/1   
 
- 34 - 
 
  any disciplines agreed under Article XV of the GATS. The Parties confirmed that no disciplines were 
modified.   
4.6  Sector specific provisions on trade in services  
4.6.1   International maritime transport services  
4.46.  The Agreem ent incorporates Section  2 of Chapter I ((Title III, Part IV) of the EU -Chile FTA 
that contains complimentary provisions for international maritime transport services  without 
modifications .44  
4.6.2   Telecommunications services  
4.47.  The Agreement incorporates Section 3 of Chapter I (Title III, Part IV) of the EU -Chile FTA that 
sets out additional provisions for telecommunication  services  without modifications .45  
4.6.3   Financial services  
4.48.  The Agreement incorporates provisions of Chapter II (Title III, Part IV) of the EU -Chile FTA 
that applies to financial  services  without modifications .46  
5  GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  
5.1  Transparency  
5.1.  There are no changes  to the provisions concerning general transparency disciplines of the EU -
Chile Agreement which are incorporated into the Agreement.  
5.2.  Article s 190 through 192  of the EU -Chile Agreement are r ules governing general transparency 
disciplines.  As summarized in p aragraphs 95 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile Agreement 
(Services) in document WT/REG164/7,  the Parties will publish or make publicly available their laws, 
regulations, procedures and administrative rulings of general application as well as inte rnational 
agreements that may affect the operation of the Agreements (Article 192). Each Party will establish 
a contact point to facilitate exchange of information (Article 190). The Agreement does not contain 
a requirement to formally notify the other Par ty of the introduction of new measures or changes to 
existing measures; it relies on the provision of information upon request from the other Party.47 
5.2  Current payments and capital movements  
5.3.  The Agreement incorporates Articles 163 -167 of the EU -Chile Agreem ent dealing with current 
payments and capital movements. Details of provisions are provided in paragraph 88 of the factual 
presentation on the EU -Chile Agreement (Services) in document WT/REG164/7.  
5.4.  Part IV, Title V, Article 166 of the EU -Chile Agreement s pecifies that where, in exceptional 
circumstances, payments and capital movements between the Parties cause or threaten to cause 
serious difficulties for the operation of monetary policy or exchange rate policy in either Party, the 
Party concerned may take  safeguard measures with regard to capital movements that are strictly 
necessary for a period not exceeding one year. The application of safeguard measures may be 
extended through their formal reintroduction.  
 
44 For further details, see paragraph 109 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in document 
WT/REG164/7.  
45 For further details, see paragraphs 101 -102 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in 
document WT/REG164/7.  
46 For further details, see paragraphs 103 -108 of the factual presentation on the EU -Chile FTA in 
document WT/REG164/7.  
47 WTO document, WT/ REG164/7, 28 September 2007.  WT/REG423/1  
 
- 35 - 
 
  5.3  Exceptions  
5.5.  The Agreement incorporates  Articles 194 and 195 of the EU -Chile Agreement (Title XI – 
exceptions in the area of trade) including exceptions for national security and balance of payments 
difficulties, and taxation, which replicate Articles XIV bis and XII respectively. A rticle 196 on taxation 
allows the Parties to discriminate between residents and non -residents in the application of their 
fiscal legislation and to take any measure to prevent tax evasion or avoidance.  
5.6.  Articles on exceptions also exist under:  
a. Title II (Fre e Movement of Goods), Chapter III, Articles 91 -93; 
b. Title III (Trade in services and establishment), Chapter IV, Article 135;  
c. Title IV (Government Procurement), Article 161; and  
d. Title V (Current payment and capital movements), Article 166.  
5.4  Accession and wit hdrawal  
5.7.  Under Article 199 of the EU -Chile Agreement either Party may give written notice to the other 
of its intention to denounce the Agreement. Withdrawal shall take effect six months following the 
written notice. The Parties confirm that t here are no specific provisions on accession to the 
Agreement.  
5.5  Institutional framework  
5.8.  The UK -Chile Agreement replicates the institutional framework of the EU -Chile Agreement. The 
EU-Chile Agreement creates a series of bodies at various levels of government to deal with the 
different parts of the Agreement, as set out in Part I, Title II – Institutional Framework.  
5.9.  Article 8 of the UK -Chile Agreement contains further provision in relation to the Association 
Council and Association Committee. The Association Council shall ensure that the UK -Chile 
Agreement operates properly. Any decision adopt ed by the Association Council or the Association 
Committee under the EU -Chile Agreement and in effect before the EU -Chile Agreement ceased to 
apply to the United Kingdom shall, to the extent the decision relates to the Parties, be deemed to 
have been adopt ed mutatis mutandis  by the Association Council or the Association Committee under 
the Agreement. This does not prevent the Association Council or the Association Committee 
established by the UK -Chile Agreement from making decisions which are different to, modify, revoke, 
or supersede the decisions deemed to have been adopted by them.  
5.6  Dispute settlement  
5.10.  The Agreement incorporates Part IV (Trade and trade related matters), Title VIII of the EU -
Chile Agreement, and Annexes XV and XVI. Annex XV (Model Rules of  Procedure for the Conduct of 
Arbitration Panels) deals with the procedural questions relating the panel and the period before its 
establishment. Annex XVI (Code of Conduct for Members of Arbitration Panels) lays down the 
obligation for panellists and pane l candidates. There are additional provisions that apply to disputes 
on financial services.  For further details, please see paragraphs 92 -94 of the factual presentation on 
the EU -Chile Agreement (Services) in document WT/REG164/7.  
5.7  Relationship with other agreements concluded by the parties  
5.11.  In addition to the relationship with the EU -Chile Agreement which the Agreement incorporates 
and amends as discussed in various sections above, Table 5.1 shows the Parties' RTAs in force, 
notified and non -notified, other  than the Agreement.  WT/REG423/1   
 
- 36 - 
 
  Table 5.1 United Kingdom and Chile: participation in other RTAs (notified and non -
notified in force), as of 1 March 2022  
RTA Name  Entry into 
force/  
provisional 
applicationa Coverage  GATT/ WTO Notification  
Year  WTO Provision  
UNITED KINGDOM  
United Kingdom – Iceland, 
Liechtenstein and Norway  01-Dec-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V   
United Kingdom – Mexico  01-Jun-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Serbia  20-May-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Albania  03-May-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Jordan  01-May-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Ghana  05-Mar-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - United Kingdom  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Cameroon  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Canada  01-Jan-21 
01-Apr-21 Goods  
Services  2020 
2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - 
CARIFORUM States  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Central 
America  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Colombia  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Côte 
d'Ivoire  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Eastern 
and Southern Africa States  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Ecuador 
and Peru  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Egypt  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Faroe 
Islands  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Georgia  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Israel  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Japan  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Kenya  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Kosovob 01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Lebanon  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Morocco  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - North 
Macedonia  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Norway 
and Iceland  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Pacific 
States  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
• United Kingdom - Pacific 
States - Accession of 
Samoa  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
• United Kingdom - Pacific 
States - Accession of 
Solomon Islands  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Palestine  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Republic 
of Korea  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Republic 
of Moldova  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - SACU and 
Mozambique  01-Jan-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  WT/REG423/1  
 
- 37 - 
 
  RTA Name  Entry into 
force/  
provisional 
applicationa Coverage  GATT/ WTO Notification  
Year  WTO Provision  
United Kingdom – Singapore  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - 
Switzerland - Liechtenstein  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Tunisia  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Turkey  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Ukraine  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Viet Nam  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
CHILE  
Brazil – Chile 
[LAIA, AAP.CE 35.64]  25-Jan-22 Goods  
 
Services  2022 
 Enabling Clause – Changes to 
LAIA TM  
Not notified  
Chile - Indonesia  10-Aug-19 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
Chile - Uruguay  
[LAIA, AAP.CE 73]  13-Dec-18 Goods  
 
Services  2022 
 Enabling Clause – Changes to 
LAIA TM  
Not notified  
Pacific Alliance  01-May-16 Goods & 
Services  2016 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Chile - Thailand  05-Nov-15 Goods & 
Services  2017 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Hong Kong, China - Chile 09-Oct-14 Goods & 
Services  2014 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Chile - Viet Nam  01-Jan-14 Goods  2015 GATT Art. XXIV  
Chile - Nicaragua  
(Chile - Central America)  19-Oct-12 Goods & 
Services  2013 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Chile - Malaysia  25-Feb-12 Goods  2013 GATT Art. XXIV  
Turkey - Chile 01-Mar-11 Goods  2011 GATT Art. XXIV  
Chile - Guatemala  
(Chile - Central America)  23-Mar-10 Goods & 
Services  2012 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Chile - Ecuador  
[LAIA, AAP. CE 65]  25-Jan-10 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
Chile - Colombia  08-May-09 Goods & 
Services  2009 GATT Art. XXIV, Enabling 
Clause & GATS Art. V  
Australia - Chile 06-Mar-09 Goods & 
Services  2009 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Peru - Chile 01-Mar-09 Goods & 
Services  2011 GATT Art. XXIV, Enabling 
Clause & GATS Art. V  
Chile - Honduras  
(Chile - Central America)  19-Jul-08 Goods & 
Services  2011 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Chile - Cuba  
[LAIA, AAP. CE 42]  27-Jun-08 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
Panama - Chile 07-Mar-08 Goods & 
Services  2008 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Chile - Japan  03-Sep-07 Goods & 
Services  2007 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Chile - India 17-Aug-07 Goods  2009 Enabling Clause  
Chile - China  01-Oct-06 
01-Aug-10 Goods  
Services  2007 
2010 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
Trans -Pacific Strategic 
Economic Partnership  28-May-06 Goods & 
Services  2007 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EFTA - Chile 01-Dec-04 Goods & 
Services  2004 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Republic of Korea - Chile 01-Apr-04 Goods & 
Services  2004 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United States - Chile 01-Jan-04 Goods & 
Services  2003 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EU - Chile 01-Feb-03 
01-Mar-05 Goods  
Services  2004 
2005 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
Chile - El Salvador  
(Chile - Central America)  01-Jun-02 Goods & 
Services  2004 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Chile - Costa Rica  
(Chile - Central America)  15-Feb-02 Goods & 
Services  2002 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  WT/REG423/1   
 
- 38 - 
 
  RTA Name  Entry into 
force/  
provisional 
applicationa Coverage  GATT/ WTO Notification  
Year  WTO Provision  
Chile - Mexico  01-Aug-99 Goods & 
Services  2001 GATT Art. XXIV, Enabling 
Clause & GATS Art. V  
Canada - Chile 05-Jul-97 Goods & 
Services  1997 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
MERCOSUR - Chile  
[LAIA, AAP.CE 35]  01-Oct-96 
 
19-Jun-11 Goods  
 
Services  2020  Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
Not notified  
LAIA - Seeds  
[LAIA, AAP.AG 2]  18-Jun-93 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
Chile - Plurinational State of 
Bolivia  
[LAIA, AAP.CE 22]  06-Apr-93 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
Chile - Bolivarian Republic of 
Venezuela  
[LAIA, AAP.CE 23]  02-Apr-93 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
Chile - Argentina  
[LAIA, AAP.CE 16]  02-Aug-91 Goods  
 
Services  2020  Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
Not notified  
Global System of Trade 
Preferences among 
Developing Countries 
(GSTP)  19-Apr-89 Goods  1989 Enabling Clause  
LAIA - Cultural Goods  
[LAIA, AAR.CEYC 7]  01-Jan-89 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
LAIA- Preferences in favour 
of Paraguay  
[LAIA, AAR.AM 3]  01-Jul-84 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
LAIA – Agreement on 
Regional Tariff Preference 
[LAIA, AAP.PAR 4]  01-Jul-84 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
LAIA - Preferences in favour 
of Ecuador  
[LAIA, AAR.AM 2]  01-May-83 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
LAIA - Preferences in favour 
of the Plurinational State of 
Bolivia  
[LAIA, AAR.AM 1]  01-May-83 Goods  2020 Enabling Clause - Changes to 
LAIA TM 80  
Latin American Integration 
Association (LAIA)  18-Mar-81 Goods  1982 Enabling Clause  
• LAIA - Accession of Cuba  26-Aug-99 Goods  1999 Enabling Clause  
• LAIA - Accession of 
Panama  03-May-12 Goods  Not notified   
Protocol on Trade 
Negotiations (PTN)  11-Feb-73 Goods  1971 Enabling Clause  
a Dates of the first entry into force/provisional application for at least one of the Parties. Where dates 
of provisional application have been provided by the Parties, further notifications to confirm the 
dates of entry into force are awaited.  
b Reference to Kosovo in this table shall be understood to be in the context of the United Nations 
Security Coun cil resolution 1244 (1999).  
Source:  WTO Secretariat. Further information on these Agreements and on specific dates of entry into 
force/provisional applications may be found in the WTO Database on RTAs: http://rtais.wto .org.  
 
5.8  Government procurement  
5.12.  The Agreement incorporates provisions on government procurement contained in Title IV of 
the EU -Chile Agreement (Articles 136 -162) and Annexes XI -XIII, and are based on the provisions of 
the WTO Agreement on Government Procur ement (GPA). For further details, see paragraphs 84 -87 
of the factual presentation on the EU –Chile Agreement (Services) in document WT/REG164/7. The 
United Kingdom is a signatory of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) while Chile WT/REG423/1  
 
- 39 - 
 
  is an observ er.48 The UK's thresholds for goods and services at the central and sub -central levels 
under the Agreement are the same as its commitments under the GPA .  
5.13.  The Annex of the Agreement modifies section 1 of Annex 2 (Means of publication) of the EU -
Chile Agreement. The United Kingdom shall notify Chile of its means of publication of notices referred 
to in Article 147 of the EU -Chile Agreement.  
5.9  Intellectual prop erty rights  
5.14.  The Agreement incorporates Title VI (Intellectual property rights) of the EU -Chile Agreement.  
Further details of the provisions on intellectual property rights can be found in paragraph 89 of the 
factual presentation on the EU –Chile Agreement ( Services) in document WT/REG164/7.  
5.10  Competition  
5.15.  The Agreement incorporates Title VII (Competition) of the EU -Chile Agreement with one 
modification. Article 173.2(a) of the EU -Chile Agreement was modified, so that  the competition 
authorit y for the United Kin gdom means the Competition and Markets Authority. For further details, 
see paragraphs 90 -91 of the factual presentation on the EU –Chile Agreement (Services) in document 
WT/REG164/7 . Provisions referred to in paragraphs 90 -91 in document WT/REG164/7 also ap ply to 
goods .  
5.11  Environment  
5.16.  The Agreement incorporates the EU -Chile Agreement, under which the Parties agree that the 
need to promote economic and social progress for their peoples shall take into account the principle 
of sustainable development and environ mental protection requirements. In particular, Title 1 
(Economic Cooperation) Article 28 on cooperation on the environment stipulates that the aim of 
cooperation shall be to encourage conservation and improvement of the environment, prevention of 
contamina tion and degradation of natural resources and ecosystems, and rational use of the latter 
in the interests of sustainable development.  The Agreement sets out some priority areas of 
cooperation in this connection .  
5.12  Labour  
5.17.  There are no changes to the provisio ns of the EU -Chile Agreement on labour related issues, 
which are incorporated into the Agreement. Article 44 on social cooperation stipulates that the 
Parties recognize the importance of social development, which must go hand in hand with economic 
developm ent. They shall give priority to the creation of employment and respect for fundamental 
social rights, notably by promoting the relevant conventions of the International Labour Organisation 
(ILO) covering topics such as the freedom of association, the righ t to collective bargaining and non -
discrimination, the abolition of forced and child labour and equal treatment between men and 
women. Cooperation may cover any area of interest to the Parties  and the Agreement sets out some 
priority areas for coop eration , including in relation to gender (Articles 44.2 and 45). Measures may 
be coordinated with the Parties, and with the relevant international organisations (Article 44.3).  
5.13  Electronic commerce  
5.18.  The Agreement fully incorporates Article 104 of the EU -Chile Agreement that covers electronic 
commerce. The Parties agree to promote the development of electronic commerce between them, 
in particular by cooperating on the market access and regulatory issue s raised by electronic 
commerce.  
5.19.  The incorporated footnote to Article 104 of the EU -Chile Agreement further clarifies that the 
inclusion of the provision on electronic commerce in Chapter I (Services) is made without prejudice 
to the Chilean position on t he question of whether or not electronic commerce should be considered 
as a supply of services.  
 
48 WTO, Agreement on Government Procurement – Parties, observers, and accessions . Viewed at:   
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/memobs_e.htm . WT/REG423/1   
 
- 40 - 
 
  5.14  Small and medium -sized enterprises  
5.20.  The Agreement fully incorporates Article 19 of the EU -Chile Agreement on cooperation on 
small and medium -sized enterprises (SMEs). Pursuant to Article 19, the Parties agree to promote a 
favourable environment for the development of SMEs. Cooperation shall consist, amongst other 
actions, of: (a) technical assistance; (b) conferences, seminars, prospecting for indust rial and 
technical opportunities, participation in round tables and general and sectoral fairs; (c) promoting 
contacts between economic operators, encouraging joint investment and establishing joint ventures 
and information networks through existing horizo ntal programs; (d) facilitating access to finance, 
providing information and stimulating innovation.  
5.15  Cooperation  
5.21.  The Agreement incorporates most of the provisions under Part III of the EU -Chile Agreement, 
on cooperation but with a few amendments.49 The goa ls of Part III include strengthening institutional 
capacity, promoting social developments, stimulating productive synergies and increasing 
cooperation between the Parties. On economic cooperation, the Parties aim to support and promote 
industrial policy c ooperation to boost contacts between their economic operators to identify areas of 
mutual interest, technology transfer, trade and investment. Other broad areas of cooperation include 
science and technology; culture, education and audio visual; public admi nistration and 
interinstitutional cooperation; and social cooperation.  
 
49 The modifications concern cooperation in transport where "for transfers of European technology in the 
Global Navigation Satellite System and urban public transport centres" is replaced by "in the field of navigation 
satellite systems and urban public tra nsport" in Article 23.2(c); Article 25.2 on fisheries which refers to 
commitments in the arrangement signed between the EU and Chile on 25 January 2001, is not included; under 
Article 26.2 on customs cooperation reference to the Cooperation Agreement betwe en the EU and Chile is 
replaced by "incorporated and modified by the Agreement"; references to Eurostat in Article 27.2(b) shall not 
be included; references to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction shall not be included 
in Article 47. 2(c); and in Article 47.2(g) "equivalent" shall be replaced by "comparable" and references to the 
Agreement between Chile and the EU on the prevention of the diversion of precursors and chemical substances 
frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narc otic drugs or psychotropic substances of 24 November 1988 is 
not included in the Agreement.  WT/REG423/1  
 
- 41 - 
 
 ANNEX 1  
1. A comparison between the scheduled elimination of tariffs applied to the Parties' mutual 
imports and the duty rates applied by them on MFN imports is shown in Table A1.1 and Table A1.2 , 
by HS Chapters 1 -24 (agricultural products), 25 -97 (industrial product s) and total products. Applied 
MFN duty rates in 2021 for the United Kingdom and for Chile serve as a comparison.  
2. The UK 's overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 20 21 is 3.8% (Table A1.1 ). The average 
applied tariff on agricultural goods in HS Chapters  1-24 is 8.9%, compared to an average applied 
tariff of 2.5% on industrial goods. Duty -free tariff lines account for 47% of the tariff. Under  the 
Agreement, the share of duty -free tariff lines for imports of  agricultural products rose from 1 8.8% 
to 66.1% , while the share of duty -free tariff lines in industrial products rose from 57.1% to 99.7%. 
In 202 1, the UK's overall applied tariff for imports from Chile fell to 0.3% giving Chile's exporters a 
relative margin of preference of 92.1%. The UK's applied tari ff for imports from Chile fell to 1.3% 
and zero for agricultural and industrial products, giving Chilean exporters a relative margin of 
preference of 85.4% in agricultural exports and 100% in industrial exports to the UK.  
Table A1. 1 United Kingdom: Indicators of MFN and preferential rates for imports from 
Chile  
Origin of 
goods  Year  ALL PRODUCTS  HS Chapters 01 -24 HS Chapters 25 -97 
Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  
Share of 
duty-free 
tariff lines 
(%) Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2021 3.8 7.8 47.0 8.9 12.0 18.8 2.5 5.8 57.1 
Chile  2021 0.3 13.3 90.8 1.3 14.0 66.1 0.0 7.6 99.7 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation . For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded , and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject t o seasonal duties, average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. And, the products classified beyond HS 8 -digits level are counted one and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digits level.  
 Based on the HS 201 7 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by  the United Kingdom . 
3. Chile's overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 2021 is 6% ( Table A1. 2). The average applied 
tariff on agricultural goods is the same as that on industrial goods, both stand at 6%. Duty-free tariff 
lines account for 0.4% of all tariff lines. U nder the Agreement, the share of duty -free tariff lines for 
imports from the UK rose to 98% overall: from 0% to 92.4%  for agricultural products , and from 
0.6% to 100%  for industrial products. The average applied tariff for imports from the UK fell to 0.1%  
in 2021, giving UK exporters a relative margin of preference of 98.3%. The average applied tariff 
was 0.4% for agricultural products and zero for industrial products, giving UK exporters of thes e 
products a relative margin of preference of 93.3% in agriculture and 100% in industrial products.  WT/REG423/1   
 
- 42 - 
 
 Table A1. 2 Chile: Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports from 
the United Kingdom  
Origin 
of goods  Year  ALL PRODUCTS  HS Chapters 1 -24 HS Chapters 25 -97 
Average applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff  Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2021 6.0 6.0 0.4 6.0 6.0 0.0 6.0 6.0 0.6 
UK 2021 0.1 5.9 98.0 0.4 5.9 92.4 0.0 0.0 100.0  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates  are excluded in the computation . 
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Chile. 
 
4. Table A1.3 shows the market access opportunities in the United Kingdom for Chile's top 25 
exports, which in 201 8-20 covered 101 lines  at the HS six -digit level and accounted for 74.3% of 
Chile's global exports. Among the 101 lines, 15 ar e already duty free on an MFN basis in the UK 's 
market . Of the 86 dutiable lines, 30 are liberalized in 2021 under the UK -Chile Agreement, and the 
remaining 56 remain dutiable. Among the 56 dutiable lines, 50 concern wine and faced specific 
duties (GBP 10 per hectolitre (hl), GBP 12/hl , or GBP 1.40/% vol/hl, or GBP 10/12/13/15/17 per hl). 
The other 6 lines concern fresh grapes (subject to a duty of 11%) and frozen meats (subject to 
specific duties from GBP 39 per 100kg to GBP 72 per 100kg).  
Table A1. 3 United K ingdom: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Chile's 
top 25 exports to the world  
Chile 's top export products  
in 2018 -20 Access Conditions to UK's markets  
HS number and description  Share 
in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2021  No. of duty 
free line s 
under the 
agreement  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
Tariff  
(%) No. of 
duty-
free 
lines  No. 
of 
dutia
-ble 
lines  2021  
260300  Copper ores and concentrates  25.2 0 1    
740311  Copper refined   20.1 0 1    
740200  Copper, unrefined  2.6 0 1    
220421  Wine of fresh grapes  2.2 *  58 8 50 
080929  Fresh cherries  2.0 9  1 1  
470329  Semi-bleached or bleached non -
coniferous chemical wood pulp  1.8 0 1    
470321  Semi-bleached or bleached 
coniferous chemical wood pulp  1.7 0 1    
030441  Fresh or chilled fillets of pacific 
salmon  1.7 2  1 1  
080610  Fresh grapes  1.7 11  2 1 1 
710812  Gold 1.6 0 1    
261310  Roasted molybdenum ores and 
concentrates  1.4 0 1    
260111  Non-agglomerated iron ores and 
concentrates  1.2 0 1    
440711  Pine "pinus spp." sawn or chipped 
lengthwise  1.2 0 3    
283691  Lithium carbonates  1.1 4  1 1  
030214  Fresh or chilled atlantic salmon  1.1 2  1 1  
030312  Frozen pacific salmon  1.0 2  1 1  
030481  Frozen fillets of pacific salmon  1.0 2  1 1  
080810  Fresh apples  0.9 5  2 2  WT/REG423/1  
 
- 43 - 
 
 Chile 's top export products  
in 2018 -20 Access Conditions to UK's markets  
HS number and description  Share 
in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2021  No. of duty 
free line s 
under the 
agreement  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
Tariff  
(%) No. of 
duty-
free 
lines  No. 
of 
dutia
-ble 
lines  2021  
030313  Frozen, atlantic salmon "salmo 
salar" and danube salmon "hucho 
hucho"  0.9 2  1 1  
081040  Fresh cranberries, bilberries and 
other fruits of the genus vaccinium  0.8 3 1 3 3  
280120  Iodine  0.8 0 1    
020329  Frozen meat of swine  0.7 * 1 5  5 
441239  Plywood  0.5 6  1 1  
030499  Frozen fish meat  0.5 9.625   8 8  
230120  Flours  0.5 0 1    
Total 74.3 2.5 15 86 30 56 
* Specific rates.  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation . For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded , and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. And, the products classified beyond HS 8 -digits level are counted one and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digits level.  
 Based on the HS 201 7 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by  the United Kingdom , Chile and UNSD Comtrade 
Database . 
 
5. Table A1.4 shows the market acces s opportunities in Chile for the UK's top 25 exports, which 
in 201 8-2020 covered 143 HS lines at the six -digit level and accounted for 54.6% of the UK's global 
exports. Among the 143 HS lines, 1 is  already duty free on an MFN basis in Chile's market , while the 
remaining 142 are liberalized in 2021 under the Agreement.  
Table A1.4 Chile: Market access opportunities under the agreement for United Kingdom's 
top 25 exports to the world  
United Kingdom's top export products  
in 2018 - 2020  Access Conditions to 
Chile's import markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2021  
Duty Free 
under the 
Agreement  Avg MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of 
lines  duty
free  
duti-
able 
710813  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, in semi -manufactured 
forms, for non -monetary purposes  8.0 6.0 0 2 2 
270900  Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, 
crude  7.0 6.0 0 2 2 
300490  Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for 
therapeutic or prophylactic purposes,  4.5 6.0 0 31 31 
880330  Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters, n.e.s.  4.2 6.0 0 2 2 
841112  Turbojets of a thrust > 25 kn  3.7 6.0 0 1 1 
870323  Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for 
the transport of <10 persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 
cm³ but <= 3.000 cm³  3.3 6.0 0 5 5 
841191  Parts of turbojets or turbopropellers, n.e.s.  2.9 6.0 0 1 1 
870324  Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for 
the transport of <10 persons, of a cylinder capacity > 3.000 
cm³ 2.4 6.0 0 5 5 
220830  Whiskies  1.9 6.0 0 3 3 WT/REG423/1   
 
- 44 - 
 
 United Kingdom's top export products  
in 2018 - 2020  Access Conditions to 
Chile's import markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in global 
exports (%)  MFN 2021  
Duty Free 
under the 
Agreement  Avg MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of 
lines  duty
free  
duti-
able 
271012  Light oils and preparations  1.9 6.0 0 11 11 
970110  Paintings, e.g. oil paintings, watercolours and pastels, and 
drawings executed entirely by hand  1.9 6.0 0 1 1 
870322  Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for 
the transport of <10 persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.000 
cm³ but <= 1.500 cm³  1.7 6.0 0 5 5 
711319  Articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of precious metal 
other than silver  1.5 6.0  1 1 
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of petroleum or bituminous 
minerals, not containing biodiesel, n.e.s.  1.4 6.0  15 15 
870332  Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for 
the transport of <10 persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 
cm³ but <= 2.500 cm³  1.0 6.0  6 6 
300220  Vaccines for human medicine  0.9 6.0  1 1 
870340  Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for 
the transport of <10 persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 
cm³ but <= 2.500 cm³  0.9 6.0  20 20 
711021  Palladium, unwrought or in powder form  0.8 6.0  1 1 
300215  Immunological products, for retail sale  0.8 6.0  6 6 
851762  Machines for the reception, conversion and transmission or 
regeneration of voice, images or other data  0.8 6.0  6 6 
382200  Diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing, prepared 
diagnostic or laboratory reagents  0.7 6.0  1 1 
490199  Printed books, brochures and similar printed matter  0.7 5.3 1 7 7 
870333  Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for 
the transport of <10 persons, incl. station wagons and 
racing cars, with only diesel engine of a cylinder capacity > 
2.500 cm³  0.7 6.0  4 4 
840890  Compression -ignition internal combustion piston engine 
"diesel or semi -diesel engine"  0.6 6.0  2 2 
870899  Parts and accessories, for tractors, motor vehicles for the 
transport of ten or more persons  0.6 6.0  3 3 
 
Total of above  54.6  
1 142 142 
Note: Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates  are excluded in the computation . 
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on the data provided by the Chilean  and the UK authorities . 
 WT/REG423/1  
 
- 45 - 
 
 ANNEX 2  
Table A2.1: Products subject to TRQs for UK imports from Chile  
TRQs/Product's HS Codes  Tariff rates under 
the Agreement  MFN Rates  
In-
quota  Out-of-
quota  
TRQ1: Products from HS Chapters 02 and 16 (1,632 metric tonnes (MT))  
16024190, 16024290, 16024990  0% 0% 10% 
16010010  0% 0% 14% 
16024210, 16024913, 16024915  0% MFN 108 GBP/100 kg  
16010091*  0% MFN 125 GBP/100 kg  
16024110, 16024911  0% MFN 131 GBP/100 kg  
02031915*, 02032915*  0% MFN 39.00 GBP/100 kg  
02031110, 02032110  0% MFN 44 GBP/100 kg  
16024950  0% MFN 45 GBP/100 kg  
02031219*, 02031911*, 02032219*, 02032911*  0% MFN 50 GBP/100 kg  
16024930  0% MFN 62 GBP/100 kg  
02031211*, 02032211*  0% MFN 65 GBP/100 kg  
16024919  0% MFN 71 GBP/100 kg  
02031913*, 02031955*, 02031959*, 02032913*, 02032955*, 
02032959*  0% MFN 72 GBP/100 kg  
16010099*  0% MFN 84 GBP/100 kg  
TRQ2: Products from HS Chapters 02 and 16 (932 MT)a 
02042210*, 02045013*  0% MFN 12% + 100 
GBP/100 kg  
02043000*, 02044100*, 02045051*  0% MFN 12% + 107 
GBP/100 kg  
02044230*, 02045055*  0% MFN 12% + 118 
GBP/100 kg  
02044250*, 02044290*, 02045059*, 02045071*  0% MFN 12% + 140 
GBP/100 kg  
02041000*, 02042100*, 02045011*  0% MFN 12% + 143 
GBP/100 kg  
02042230*, 02045015*  0% MFN 12% + 157 
GBP/100 kg  
02042250*, 02042290*, 02045019*, 02045031*  0% MFN 12% + 186 
GBP/100 kg  
02044210*, 02045053*  0% MFN 12% + 75 GBP/100 
kg 
TRQ3: Products from HS Chapters 02 and 16 (11,283 MT)  
16023230*, 16023290*  0% 0% 2,313 GBP/1,000 
kg 
16023219*  0% 0% 856 GBP/1,000 kg  
02074410*, 02074510*, 02076010  0% MFN 107 GBP/100 kg  
02071340*, 02071399, 02071440*, 02071499, 02072640, 
02072699, 02072740*, 02072799  0% MFN 15 GBP/100 kg  
02071110*, 02072660, 02072760*  0% MFN 21 GBP/100 kg  
02071330*, 02071430*, 02072630, 02072730*  0% MFN 22 GBP/100 kg  
16023211*  0% MFN 2,313 GBP/1,000 
kg 
02071130*, 02071210*  0% MFN 25 GBP/100 kg  WT/REG423/1   
 
- 46 - 
 
 TRQs/Product's HS Codes  Tariff rates under 
the Agreement  MFN Rates  
In-
quota  Out-of-
quota  
02071190*, 02071290*  0% MFN 27 GBP/100 kg  
02072410, 02072510  0% MFN 28 GBP/100 kg  
02071320*, 02071420*  0% MFN 29 GBP/100 kg  
02072490, 02072590, 02074120  0% MFN 31 GBP/100 kg  
02072620, 02072720*  0% MFN 34 GBP/100 kg  
02071360*, 02071460*, 02072670, 02072770*, 02074130, 
02074230*, 02074461*, 02074561*, 02076061  0% MFN 38 GBP/100 kg  
02074180, 02074280*  0% MFN 42 GBP/100 kg  
02074421*, 02074521*  0% MFN 47 GBP/100 kg  
02071350*, 02071450*  0% MFN 50 GBP/100 kg  
02074471*, 02074571*, 02075471*, 02075571*  0% MFN 55 GBP/100 kg  
02072650, 02072750*  0% MFN 56 GBP/100 kg  
02072680, 02072780*  0% MFN 69 GBP/100 kg  
02072610, 02072710*  0% MFN 71 GBP/100 kg  
02071370*, 02071470*  0% MFN 84 GBP/100 kg  
02071310*, 02071410*  0% MFN 85 GBP/100 kg  
02074451*, 02074551*, 02076051  0% MFN 96 GBP/100 kg  
TRQ4: Products from HS Chapter 04 (474 MT)  
04063031  0% MFN 116 GBP/100 kg  
04064010, 04064050, 04064090  0% MFN 117 GBP/100 kg  
04063010, 04063039  0% MFN 121 GBP/100 kg  
04069023, 04069025, 04069029, 04069032, 04069035, 
04069037, 04069039, 04069050, 04069073, 04069074, 
04069075, 04069076, 04069078, 04069079, 04069081, 
04069082, 04069084, 04069085, 04069086, 04069089, 
04069092  0% MFN 126 GBP/100 kg  
04069001*, 04069021*  0% MFN 139 GBP/100 kg  
04069013, 04069015, 04069017, 04069018  0% MFN 143 GBP/100 kg  
04061030, 04061050, 04069093  0% MFN 154 GBP/100 kg  
04062000, 04069061, 04069063, 04069069  0% MFN 157 GBP/100 kg  
04063090  0% MFN 179 GBP/100 kg  
04061080, 04069099  0% MFN 185 GBP/100 kg  
TRQ5: Garlic (167 MT)  
07032000*  0% 0% + 
100 
GBP/100 
kg 8% + 100GBP/100 
kg 
TRQ6: Products from HS Chapter 11 (316 MT) 
11042917  0% MFN 107 GBP/1,000 kg  
11042250  0% MFN 121 GBP/1,000 kg  
11042904  0% MFN 125 GBP/1,000 kg  
11042340  0% MFN 127 GBP/1,000 kg  
11042930  0% MFN 128 GBP/1,000 kg  
11042240  0% MFN 135 GBP/1,000 kg  
11041930  0% MFN 143 GBP/1,000 kg  WT/REG423/1  
 
- 47 - 
 
 TRQs/Product's HS Codes  Tariff rates under 
the Agreement  MFN Rates  
In-
quota  Out-of-
quota  
11041950, 11041999  0% MFN 144 GBP/1,000 kg  
11041910  0% MFN 146 GBP/1,000 kg  
11041290  0% MFN 152 GBP/1,000 kg  
11041969  0% MFN 158 GBP/1,000 kg  
11041991  0% MFN 195 GBP/1,000 kg  
11042905  0% MFN 197 GBP/1,000 kg  
11043090  0% MFN 62 GBP/1,000 kg  
11043010  0% MFN 63 GBP/1,000 kg  
11041210, 11042295*  0% MFN 77 GBP/1,000 kg  
11041961, 11042908, 11042955, 11042985  0% MFN 81 GBP/1,000 kg  
11042398, 11042951, 11042959, 11042981, 11042989  0% MFN 82 GBP/1,000 kg  
TRQ7: Mushrooms (158 MT)  
20031020, 20031030  0% 0% 0% 
TRQ8: Cherries (316 MT)  
20086019*  0% 22.10% 
+ 3.50 
GBP/100 
kg 25% + 3.50 
GBP/100 kg  
TRQ9: Products from HS Chapter 17 (67 MT)  
17049051, 17049055, 17049061, 17049065, 17049071, 
17049075, 17049081, 17049099  0% 0% 8% 
17041010  0% 0% + 22 
GBP/100 
kg Max 
6% 6% 
17041090*  0% 0% + 25 
GBP/100 
kg Max 
6% 6% 
17049030  0% 0% + 37 
GBP/100 
kg Max 
8% 8% 
17049010  0% 4.6%  12% 
TRQ10: Products from HS Chapter 18 (67 MT)  
18062070*  0% 0% 14% 
18062010*, 18062030*, 18062050*, 18062080*, 18062095*, 
18063100, 18063210, 18063290, 18069011, 18069019, 
18069031, 18069039, 18069050, 18069060, 18069070, 
18069090  0% 0% 8% 
TRQ11: Products from HS Chapter 19 (83 MT)  
19053111, 19053119, 19053130, 19053191, 19053199, 
19053205, 19053211, 19053219, 19053291, 19053299, 
19059045  0% 0% 8% 
TRQ12: Products from HS Chapter 03 (883 MT)  
0302990060  0% 0% 10% 
03025411, 03025415, 03025419*, 03025490  0% 11.5%  14% 
TRQ13: Products from HS Chapter 03 (7 MT)  
03053910  0% 11.5%  14% 
03054100  0% 9.5%  12% WT/REG423/1   
 
- 48 - 
 
 TRQs/Product's HS Codes  Tariff rates under 
the Agreement  MFN Rates  
In-
quota  Out-of-
quota  
TRQ14: Products from HS Chapter 16 (25 MT)  
16041421, 16041428, 16041431, 16041438, 16041441, 
16041448, 16041939, 16042070  6.7%  20% 20% 
TRQ15: Products from HS Chapters 02 and 16 (167 MT)  
16024190, 16024290, 16024990  0% 0% 10% 
16010010  0% 0% 14% 
16024210, 16024913, 16024915  0% MFN 108 GBP/100 kg  
16010091*  0% MFN 125 GBP/100 kg  
16024110, 16024911  0% MFN 131 GBP/100 kg  
02031915*, 02032915*  0% MFN 39 GBP/100 kg  
02031110, 02032110  0% MFN 44 GBP/100 kg  
16024950  0% MFN 45 GBP/100 kg  
02031219*, 02031911*, 02032219*, 02032911*  0% MFN 50 GBP/100 kg  
16024930  0% MFN 62 GBP/100 kg  
02031211*, 02032211*  0% MFN 65 GBP/100 kg  
16024919  0% MFN 71 GBP/100 kg  
02031913*, 02031955*, 02031959*, 02032913*, 02032955*, 
02032959*  0% MFN 72 GBP/100 kg  
16010099*  0% MFN 84 GBP/100 kg  
TRQ16: Products from HS Chapter 02 (932 MT)b 
02044310*, 0204507910  0% MFN 12% + 196 
GBP/100 kg  
0204230011, 0204230091, 0204503910  0% MFN 12% + 260 
GBP/100 kg  
TRQ17: Products from HS Chapter 02 (932 MT)c 
02044390*, 0204507990  0% MFN 12% + 196 
GBP/100 kg  
0204230019, 0204230099, 0204503990  0% MFN 12% + 260 
GBP/100 kg  
TRQ18: Products from HS Chapter 02 (459 MT)d 
02012030, 02022030*  0% MFN 12% + 118 
GBP/100 kg  
02012020, 02022010*  0% MFN 12% + 147 
GBP/100 kg  
02012050  0% MFN 12% + 177 
GBP/100 kg  
02022050*, 02023010*, 02023050*  0% MFN 12% + 185 
GBP/100 kg  
02012090  0% MFN 12% + 221 
GBP/100 kg  
02022090*  0% MFN 12% + 222 
GBP/100 kg  
02013000  0% MFN 12% + 253 
GBP/100 kg  
02023090*  0% MFN 12% + 254 
GBP/100 kg  
* Tariff lines also subject to MFN TRQs.  
a b c:  The quotas for TRQ2, TRQ16, and TRQ17 are linked. Any used volume is deducted from all three 
quotas.  
d In 2021, 228 MT for pro rata quota volume from 01 -01 to 30 -06 for TRQ18.  
Source:  Based on d ata provided by the UK.  WT/REG423/1  
 
- 49 - 
 
 Table A2.2: Products subject to TRQs for Chile's imports from the UK   
Product  In-quota Rates  Out-quota  Rates  
(MFN)  
TQ(3)(a): Products from HS Headings 0302 (833 tonnes)  
0302.5411, 0302.5412, 0302.5413, 0302.5414, 0302.5415, 
0302.5416, 0302.5419, 0302.5919  0% 6% 
TQ(3)(b): Products from HS Sub -headings 0305.39 and 0305.41 (7 tonnes)  
0305.3910, 0305.4110, 0305.4120, 0305.4130, 0305.4140, 
0305.4150, 0305.4160, 0305.4170, 0305.4180, 0305.4190  0% 6% 
0305.7200 -- Cabezas, colas y vejigas natatorias, de pescado  0% 6% 
--- Salmones del Pacífico, Atlántico o Danubio  
--- Los demás: Excluidos del acuerdo  0% 
6% 6% 
6% 
0302.7990 --- Los demás    
--- Salmones del Pacífico, At lántico o Danubio  
--- Los demás: Excluidos del acuerdo  0% 
6% 6% 
6% 
TQ(1 a): Products from HS Headings 0406 (474 tonnes)  
0406.1010, 0406.1020, 0406.1030, 0406.1090, 0406.2000, 
0406.3000, 0406.4000, 0406.9010, 0406.9020, 0406.9030, 
0406.9040, 0406.9090  0% 6% 
TQ(4): Products from HS Headings 1604 (25 tonnes)  
1604.1410 --- Atunes    
Filetes llamados <loins>:Excluidos del acuerdo  6% 6% 
Los demás  2% 6% 
1604.1420 --- Listados    
Filetes llamados <loins>:Excluidos del acuerdo  6% 6% 
Los demás  2% 6% 
1604.1990 --- Los demás    
Filetes llamados <loins>: Excluidos del Acuerdo  6% 6% 
Pescados del género Euthynnus [excepto los listados 
(Euthynnus - Katsuwonus - pelamis)]  2% 6% 
Los demás  0% 0% 
1604.2010 -- De atún    
Filetes llamados <loins>: Excluidos del acuerdo  6% 6% 
Los demás  2% 6% 
1604.2090 -- Las demás    
Filetes llamados <loins>: Excluidos del Acuerdo  6% 6% 
Listados y los demás pescados del género Euthynnus  2% 6% 
Los demás  0% 0% 
Source:  Chilean authorities.  
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