DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS 2296 -4 
First  Edition  
2021-mm-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
DUS 2296 -4:2021 
© UNBS 202 1  
  
Skin applied mosquito repellents — Specification — Part 4: 
Bathing soaps  
 DUS 2296 -4:2021  
ii © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users  are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2021  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm,  without prior written 
permission from UNBS.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: +256 41 4 333 2 50/1/2/3  
Fax: +256 41 4 286 123  
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  DUS 2296 -4:2021 
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  1 
4  Active ingredients  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  2 
4.1  Natural repellents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 2 
4.2  Synthetic repellents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  3 
5 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  3 
5.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
5.2 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
5.3 Biological efficacy  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
6 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  4 
7 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  4 
8  Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
Annex  A (normative)  Determination of DEET content  ................................ ................................ ...................  6 
A.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  6 
A.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  6 
A.3 Preparation of calibration curve  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  6 
A.4 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  6 
A.5 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  7 
Annex B  (normative)   Determination of total pyrethrins  ................................ ................................ ..............  8 
B.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  8 
B.2  Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
B.3  Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
B.4  Operating conditions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  8 
B.5  Preparation of the standard  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  8 
B.6  Sample preparation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  9 
B.7  Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  9 
B.8  Calculation of the % total pyrethrins (active ingredient) ................................ ................................ ... 9 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  10 
 DUS 2296 -4:2021  
iv © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standa rds (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade , Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327 , of the Laws of Uganda , as amended .  UNBS is mandated to co -
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for  Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT  Agreement  of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out throu gh Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders 
including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.  
Draft Uganda S tandards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the Nation al Standards Council.  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS /TC 301, Chemistry  
WDU S 2296  consists of the following parts, under the general title Skin applied mosquito repellents — 
Specification:  
 Part 1: Lotions, creams, ge ls and ointments  
 Part 2: Sprays and roll -ons  
 Part 3: Wipes  
 Part 4: Bathing soaps  
 Part 5: Bracelets, wristbands and patches   
 Part 6: Jelly  
  
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 2296 -4:2021 
 
© UNBS 2021 – All rights r eserved  1 
 Skin applied mosquito rep ellents — Specification — Part 4 : 
Bathing soaps  
1 Scope   
This Draft Uganda Standard specifies  the requirements, sampling and methods of test for skin applied 
mosquito repellents in form of bathing soaps meant to be applied directly to the skin .  
2 Normative references   
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way  that some or all of their content 
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated 
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
ISO 862, Surface a ctive agents — Vocabulary  
US EAS 877, Bathing bar — Specification  
US EAS 377 (all parts), Cosmetics and cosmetic products  
CIPAC 740, Determination of picaridin  
CIPAC 667, Determination of ethyl butylacetamidopropionate  
US ISO 685, Analysis of Soaps — Dete rmination of total alkali content and total fatty matter content  
US ISO 456, Surface -active agents — Determination of free caustic alkali  
US EAS 814, Determination of biodegradability of surfactants — Test method  
DUS 2373 -1, Mosquito r epellents ― Performance test guidelines ― Part 1: Skin applied repellents  
US ISO 24153, Random sampling and randomization procedures  
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 862 , Surface active agen ts — 
Vocabulary  and the following apply .  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp   
2 © UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  
 3.1 
bathing soap  
soap product in the form of  a bar or cake containing fatty acids and/or synthetic surface active agents as 
active ingredients and which is used for bathing purposes . 
 
3.2  
mosquito  
blood -sucking dipterous insect of the family Culicidae. Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, and Stegomy ia 
are genera containing most species involved in the transmission of protozoan and other disease -producing 
parasites.  
3.3  
mosquito repellent  
substance applied to skin  which deters mosquito from approaching  or settling .  
3.4  
natural repell ents 
repellents  that contain , plant -based compounds  
3.5  
synthetic repellents  
conventional repellents containing  chemical compounds  manufactured to imitate the natural compounds.  
3.6 
DEET  
N,N-Diethyl -meta -toluamide or diethyltoluamide  
3.7  
IR3535  
ethyl butylacetylaminop ropionate  
3.8  
picaridin  
1-(1-methylpropoxycarbonyl) -2-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperidine or 2 -(2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 1 -
methylpropyl ester  
4  Active ingredients  
4.1  Natural repellents  
4.1.1 Active ingredients used in natural repellents sha ll be plant based compounds which are able to deter 
mosquitoes from approaching or settling. Such shall be essential oils or any other plant extract approved as 
mosquito repellents.  
4.1.2  The manufacturer shall provide adequate data on the repellence of su ch ingredients.  
4.1.3   The manufacturer shall have adequate data justifying the proportion of ingredient(s) used in the 
product, for which claims are made.  
4.1.4  The essential oils and other plant extracts used in natural repellents shall be, but not lim ited to:  
a)  Cedarwood oil;  
b)  Tea tree oil;  
c)  Geranium oil;  
d)  Rosemary oil;  DUS  2296 -4:2021 
© UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  3 
 e)  Lemongrass oil;  
f)  Citronella oil;  
g)  Eucalyptus oil;  
h)  Cinnamon oil; and 
i)  Neem oil  
4.1.5 The proportion of single or blended active ingredient (s) in natu ral repellent shall be set by the 
manufacturer in accordance with specific standard and records shall be availed.  
4.1.6  Pyrethrum extracts such as pyrethrins shall be considered in natural repellents. The limits of 
pyrethrins in natural repellents shall n ot be le ss than 0.5 % w/w, when tested in accordance with annex B.  
4.2  Synthetic repellents  
4.2.1  Synthetic repellents shall contain chemical compounds which are able to deter mosquitoes from 
approaching or settling on the surface  
4.2.2 If the synthetic active ingredient is blended with other active ingredient (s), either natural or synthetic, 
the proportion shall be set by the manufacturer based on scientific research and records shall be availed.  
4.2.3   Active ingredients and their content in synthetic repellents shall meet the requirements prescribed in 
table 1.  
5 Requirements  
5.1 General  requirements  
5.1.1  The product shall constitute a mosquito repellent that is formulated as bathing soap  and shall be 
essentially a product which has active ingredien t (s) added to a certain level.  
5.1.2  The product shall be in the form of cake or bar.  The colour of the cake or bar shall generally be 
uniform.   
5.1.3  When applied to the skin, the product shall have the benefit of repelling mosquitoes and shall not 
cause harmful effect to the skin  
5.1.4  The product shall  not have an unpleasant odor  
5.1.5  The product shall be firm and smooth in texture   
5.1.6  All ingredients shall conform to the requirements of US EAS 377  and shall be declared on the label 
following descending order in terms of quantit y. 
5.2 Specific requirements  
5.2.1  Active ingredients and their content in synthetic repellents shall meet the requirements specified  in 
table 1.   
4 © UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  
  
Table 1— Active ingredients content for synthetic repellents  in form of  bathing soap s.  
S/N  Characteristic  Requirements  Test methods  
i DEET , % w/w. 4 – 50 Annex A  
ii Picaridin , % w/w.  5 – 20 CIPAC 740  
iii IR3535 , % w/w.  7.5 – 20.07 CIPAC 667  
 
5.2.2 The product shall comply with the specific requirement given in table 2 whe n tested in accord ance  to 
the methods described therein.  
Table 2 – Specific requirements for  skin applied mosquito repellent s in form of bathing soaps . 
S/N  Parameter  Requirements  Test methods  
i Total fatty matter, % by mass, min  50 US ISO 685  
 ii Total alkalinity (as NaOH) % by mass, max.  1.0 
iii Free caustic alkali (as NaOH), % by mass, 
max.  0.05 US ISO 456  
iv Lather, mL, min  200   
US EAS 877  
  v Mush (loss in mass due mushing on a wet 
surface), g/30  cm2, max.  10 
vi Rosins, as % of total fatty m atter, max  2 
vii Freedom from grittiness  To pass the test  
viii Biodegradability test  To pass test  US EAS 814  
 
5.3 Biological efficacy  
When tested in accordance with DUS 2373 -1, the product shall repel 100 % of the mosquitoes from 
approaching or settlin g on that surface , within protection time indicated by the manufacturer.  
6 Packaging  
The product shall be packaged in a suitable, well -closed container, to protect the integrity of the product . 
7 Labelling  
The container shall be labelled  legibly and indel ibly with the following information:  
a) name of the product;  as “mosquito  repellent”  
 b) name and physical address  of manufacturer ; 
c) active ingredient content;  
d) form of repellent as “bathing soap”  
e) batch or code number;  DUS  2296 -4:2021 
© UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  5 
 f) net weight  in grams ; 
g) cou ntry of origin;  
h) instructions for use;  
i) date of manufacture  
j) expiry  date;  
k) safety precaution s; 
l) special population whose exposure is prohibited (out of reach of children and pregnant women); and  
m) storage conditions.  
 8  Sampling  
Sampling shall  be done in accordance with US ISO 24153 . 
   
6 © UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Determination of DEET content  
A.1 General  
The sample is dissolved in carbon disulfide and the difference in absorbance at 14.18 μm and at 14.48 μm is 
determined. The quantity of meta -isomer i s obtained from this value by means of a calibration curve prepared 
by the use of a reference standard  
A.2 Apparatus  
A.2.1  Double -beam infrared spectrophotometer. Perkin -Elmer model 21 or equivalent  
A.2.2  Two equivalent infrared absorption cells, with sodi um chloride windows and a path length of 
approximately 0.4 mm.  
A.3 Preparation of calibration curve  
A.3.1  Weigh (to the nearest 0.1 mg) into four volumetric flasks sufficient amounts of the reference DEET 
standard of known purity to give concentrations of approximately 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/L when dissolved in 
carbon disulfide . 
A.3.2  Fill the reference cell with carbon disulfide and the sample cell with each of the standard solutions in 
turn, and record the spectra. The spectrum may be scanned rapidly, except  for the region 12 – 15 μm, where 
a normal speed should be used. Carry out a blank measurement with carbon disulfide to correct for any 
inequality in the paired cells and to determine whether a cell correction is required . 
A.3.3  Measure the absorbance at 1 4.18 μm and at 14.48 μm and calculate the difference between these 
values, ΔA, for each of the solutions. Plot the values of ΔA against the concentration (g/L) of the meta -isomer.  
A.3.4  If a cell correction is required, the value of ΔA is determined from t he formula:  
ΔA = [A14.18 – A14.48]ref. - [A14.48]blank  
Where ref. = determination with reference standard  
blank = determination on CS 2 blank  
A.4 Procedure  
Weigh (to the nearest 0.1 mg)  about 0.5 g of the sample, transfer quantitatively to a 10 mL volumetri c flask, 
and make up to the mark with carbon disulfide. Measure the infrared absorption at 14.18 μm and 14.48 μm 
using the same conditions as described in clause  A.3. Determine the concentration of meta -isomer by 
comparing this value with the calibration c urve. A standard sample should be run each day to check the 
calibration of the instrument.  DUS  2296 -4:2021 
© UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  7 
 A.5 Calculation  
DEET content (g/kg) =  (𝐶1 𝑥 𝑃)/𝐶2 
where,  
C1 = concentration (g/L) of standard DEET found from calibration curve  
C2 = concentration (g/L) of sampl e taken  
P = purity (g/kg) of the reference standard   
8 © UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  
 Annex B  
(normative)  
 
 Determination of total pyrethrins  
B.1  General  
The active ingredients in pyrethrum extract may be determined using a HPLC system first by injecting a 
solution of the analyte into the chromatograph, followed by the separation and comparison of peaks areas of 
the analytes in the sample with that of an external standard containing a known amount of the analytes. The 
peaks are eluted in the following order: Cinerin II, Pyrethrin II, Ja smolin II (total Pyrethrins II) and Cinerin I, 
Pyrethrin I, Jasmolin I (total Pyrethrins I).  
B.2  Reagents  
B.2.1 World pyrethrum standard, 50 %  
B.2.2 Acetonitrile, HPLC grade  
B.2.3 Water, HPLC grade  
B.3  Apparatus  
A liquid chromatography  System equip ped with an auto -sampler, a Variable Wavelength Detector (or 
equivalent) and a Column {Phenomenex, 250 x 4.6 mm Luna Phenyl -Hexyl 5μ Reverse Phase (or 
equivalent)}.  
B.4  Operating conditions  
B.4.1 Flow rate: 1.5 ml/min  
B.4.2 Composition: 40:60 (%, v/v water/acetonitrile)  
B.4.3 Elution: Isocratic  
B.4.4 Oven temperature: 40 ºC  
B.4.5 Wavelength: 240 nm  
B.4.6 Injection Volume: 15 µl  
B.4.7 Stop time: 22 min  
B.4.8 Post time: 1 min  
B.5  Preparation of the standard  
Weigh 20 mg of the pyrethrum  standard to the nearest 0.0001 g in a 100 mL volumetric flask and dilute to 
volume with Acetonitrile and label it. Transfer a small portion t o a sample vial and label it accordingly.  DUS  2296 -4:2021 
© UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  9 
 B.6  Sample preparation  
In a 100 ml volumetric flask, we igh 20 mg to the nearest 0.0001 g of the sample to be analyzed and dilute to 
volume with Acetonitrile. Sample this solution using a vial and label it accord ingly.  
B.7  Procedure  
After the chromatograph is stable, make a minimum of three injections for the standard solution as well as for 
the analyte and average the area counts. The relative Standard Deviation betwee n injections should be within 
2%. 
B.8  Calculation of the % total pyrethrins (active ingredient)  
The % Total Pyrethrins is calculated as follow:  
% 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠  = (𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒  𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒  𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎  𝑋 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑  𝑋 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦  𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑  (𝑖𝑛 %)) ÷ 
(𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒  𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑  𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑋 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 .) 
  
  
10 © UNBS 202 1 – All rights reserved  
 Bibliog raphy  
[1] DRS 392 -4: 2018, Skin applied mosquito repellents — Specification — Part 4: Bathing Soaps  
[2] RS 191: 2019, Refined pyrethrum concentrate — Specification  
 
  DUS  2296 -4:2021 
© UNBS 2021 – All rights r eserved  11 
 Certification marking  
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Ugand a National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certif ication mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further par ticulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
   DUS 2296 -4:2021  
 
ICS 65 .100 
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© UNBS 202 1– All rights reserved