ICS 71.100.60 
 
Reference number  
DRS 493: 2022 
  © RSB 2022 
  
 RWANDA 
STANDARD  DRS 
493  
 
First edition  
2022-mm-dd 
 
Essential oil Bidens pilosa  (Linn. Var. 
Radiata)  
 
   
DRS 493: 2022 
ii            
    ©RSB 2022 - All rights reserved  
 In order to match with technological development and to keep continuous progress in industries, 
standards are subject to periodic review. Users shall ascertain that they are in possession of the latest 
edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© RSB 2021  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized 
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without 
prior written permission from RSB.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to:  
Rwanda Standards Board  
P.O Box 7099 Kigali -Rwanda  
KK 15 Rd, 49  
Tel. +250 788303492  
Toll Free: 3250  
E-mail: info@rsb.gov.rw  
Website: www.rsb.gov.rw  
ePortal: www.portal.rsb.gov.rw   DRS 493: 2022 
iii            
    ©RSB 2022 - All rights reserved  
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  iv 
1 Scope A paragraph.  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  1 
4 Requirem ents ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  2 
4.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  2 
4.2 Chromatographic profile ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  2 
5 Pack aging and labelling ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  3 
5.1 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 3 
5.2 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  3 
6 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 3 
 DRS 493: 2022 
iv            
    ©RSB 2022 - All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Rwanda Standards are prepared by Technical  Committees and approved by Rwanda Standards Board (RSB) 
Board of Directors in accordance with the procedures of RSB, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT 
agreement on the preparation, adoption and application of standards.  
The main task of technical committees is to prepare national standards. Final Draft Rwanda Standards adopted 
by technical committees are ratified by members of RSB Board of Directors for publication and gazettment as 
Rwanda Standards.  
DRS  493 was prepared by Technical Committee RSB/TC 044, Essential oils . 
Committee membership  
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee on Essential oils (RSB/TC 044) in 
the preparation of this standard.  
Paragraph of participants  
Ikirezi Natural products  
University of Rwanda - College of Sciences and Technology (UR -CST)  
Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority (Rwanda -FDA)  
Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (RFL)  
Rwanda Ins pectorate,  Competition  and Consumer Protection Authority (RICA)  
Standards For Sustainability (SFS)  
 
Rwanda Standards  Board (RSB) – Secretariat  
 
 
 
 DRS 493: 2022 
v            
    ©RSB 2022 - All rights reserved  
  
Introduction   
Bidens pilosa L . (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) is an herbaceous plant  widely distributed in Africa, America, China, 
and Japan. Bidens pilosa L.  is originally native to South America which today is spread all over the world, 
particularly in tropical and subtropical regions . 
Bidens pilosa  is an erect, perennial plant with green leaves, white or yellow flowers and tiny black seeds. Bidens 
pilosa is claimed to treat more than 40 disorders and 201 compounds have been identified from this plant. It 
has large range of pharmacological activity, this wide spectrum of activities are due to presence of diverse class 
of chemical constitutes like polyacetylene s, aurons, chalcones and their glycosides.  
Scientific studies have demonstrated that  B. pilosa  extracts and/or compounds have  biological activities  such  
as anti -mycobacterium, antimicrobial, anti -angiogenic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimalarial and antibacterial, 
ant-inflammatory and antiallergic, Immunomodulatory, antioxidative, gastric antisecretory and antiulce r.DRS 493: 2022 
vi            
    ©RSB 2022 - All rights reserved  
 DRS 493: 2022 
1            
    ©RSB 2022 - All rights reserved  
 Essential oil of Bidens pilosa (Linn. Var. radiata)  
1 Scope  
This Draft Rwanda standard specifies certain characteristics of the essential oil of Bidens Pilosa (Linn. Var. 
radiata)  in order to facilitate the assessment of its quality.  
2 Normative references  
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes 
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the 
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
RS ISO  212, Essential oils  — Sampling  
RS ISO  279, Essential oils  — Determination of relative density at 20 ºC — Reference method  
RS ISO 280, Essential oils — Determination of refractive index  
RS ISO 592, Essential oils — Determination of optical rotation  
RS ISO 875, Essential oils — Evaluation of miscibility in ethanol  
RS ISO / TR 210, Essential oils — General rules for packaging, conditioning and storage  
RS ISO / TR 211, Essential oils — General rules for labelling and marking of containers  
RS ISO 11024  (all parts), Essential oils — General guidance on chromatographic profiles  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply .  
3.1 
essential oi l of Bidens pilosa  
essential oil obtained from steam distillation of the leaves and stems of Bidens pilosa  (linn. Var. radiate) of the 
asteraceae family.  DRS 493: 2022 
2            
    ©RSB 2022 - All rights reserved  
 4 Requirements  
4.1 Appearance  
The product shall be cl ear, mobile liquid  
4.2 Colour  
colourless  to yellowish  
4.3 Specific  requirements  
The product shall comply with the quality requirements given in Table 1 when tested in accordance 
with the methods indicated therein.  
Table 1— Requirement for the essential oil of Bidens pilosa  
S/N Parameters  Requirements  Test methods  
i.  Relative density at 20 ºC, 0.842-0.863 RS ISO 279  
ii.  Refractive index 20 ºC, d20 1.472-1.481  RS ISO 280  
iii.  Optical rotation, ºC at 20ºC 40-60 RS ISO 592  
iv.  Miscibility in ethanol 90% (volume 
fraction), at 20 ºC 15 mL are required to obtain a 
clear solution with 1mL of tagetes 
oil RS ISO 875  
4.4 Chromatographic profile  
Carry out the analysis of the essential oil by gas chromatography. Determine the chromatographic profile in 
accordance with the RS ISO 11024 (all parts) . Identify in the chromatogram obtained the representative and 
characteristic components shown in Table 2. The proportions of these components, indicated by the integrator, 
shall be as shown in Table 2. This constitutes the chromatographic profile of the essential oil.  
Table 2— Chromatographic profile  
Component  
 min 
% max 
% 
Isophorone  0.3 1.8 
β-Elemene  0.6 1.2 
β-Caryophyllene  3.0 10.5 
α-Humulene  0.8 3.2 
Germacrene  1.8  5.5 
Germacrene A  0.5  2.0 
trans -Nerolidol  0.5 0.8 DRS 493: 2022 
3            
    ©RSB 2022 - All rights reserved  
 Spathulenol  1.2 1.4 
Caryophyllene oxide  11.0 37.0 
Humulene oxide  1.6  6.0 
 trans -Calamenen -10-ol  0.6 1.6 
Muurol -5-en-4-one < cis -14-nor >  0.7 1.4 
Pentadecanal  1.1  2.9 
Hexahydrofarnesylacetone  1.4 13.4 
5 Packaging and labelling  
5.1 Packaging  
The product shall be packaged  and stored in accordance with RS ISO/ TR 210  
5.2 Labelling  
The product shall be labelled and marked in accordance with RS ISO /TR 211  
6 Sampling  
Sampling shall be performed in accordance with RS ISO 212.  
Minimum volume of test sample: 50mL.  
Note  This volume al lows each of the tests specified in this Rwanda Standard to be carried out at least once.  DRS 493: 2022 
 
Price based on  nnn pages  
©RSB 2022 - All right s reserved