S/C/N/1038  
 
11 January 2021  
(21-0373) Page: 1/47 
Council for Trade in Services  Original: English  
 
NOTIFICATION FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN  
AND NORTHERN IRELAND  
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 'S NOTIFICATION  
OF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT IT GRANTS TO SERVICES AND SERVICES SUPPLIERS  
OF LEAST -DEVELOPED COUNTRIES  
The following notification from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (hereafter 
the "UK"), dated 1 January 2021, is being circulated to  Members of the Council for Trade in Services.  
 
_______________  
 
 
The Permanent Mission of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the World 
Trade Organization in Geneva has the honour to submit to the World Trade Organization Council f or 
Trade in Services the UK's Notification of Preferential Treatment it grants to Services and Services 
Suppliers of Least -Developed Countries  (hereafter the "UK Notification under the LDC Services 
Waiver " or "UK Notification "). 
 
This is in accordance with the decision by Ministers at the WTO 's Eighth Ministerial Conference 
on Preferential Treatment to Services and Service Suppliers of Least -Developed 
Countries  (WT/L/847 ), the decision by Ministers at the WTO 's Ninth Ministerial Conference 
on Operationalization of the Waiv er Concerning Preferential Treatment to Services and Service 
Suppliers of Least -Developed Countries  (WT/L/918 ), and  the decision by Ministers at the WTO 's 
Tenth Ministerial Conference on  Implementation of Preferential Treatment in favour of Services and 
Service Suppliers of Least -Developed Countries and Increasing LDC Participation in Services 
Trade  (WT/L/982 ).  
  
The preferential treatment is made in sectors and modes of supply that are of particu lar export 
interest to Least -Developed Countries, as set out in  The Collective Request Pursuant to the Bali 
Decision on the Operationalization of the LDC Services Waiver Concerning Preferential Treatment to 
Services and Service Suppliers of Least -Developed  Countries  (S/C/W/356 ). The UK intends to 
maintain these preferences for the period of the UK Notification under the LDC Services Waiver, 
unless it notifies WTO Members otherwise.  
 
Since 2015, the preferential treatment extended by the UK to Least -Developed Countries has been 
contained in the European Union 's notification of preferential treatment it intends to grant to services 
and services suppliers of Least -Developed Countries (S/C/N/840)  of 16 November 2015 (hereafter 
the "EU Notification under the LDC Services Waiver " or "EU Notification "). The UK ceased to be a 
Member State of the European Union at 23.00 GMT on 31 January 2020. As of that date the Un ited 
Kingdom and the European Union entered into a time -limited transition period ( "the transition 
period "), during which time the EU Notification continued to contain the preferential treatment 
extended by the UK to Least -Developed Countries. The transiti on period came to an end at 
23.00  GMT on 31 December 2020. As a consequence, the UK is now independently notifying the 
preferential treatment which is available to services and services suppliers of Least -Developed 
Countries.  
 
_______________  
  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  EXPLANATORY  NOTE SETTING OUT THE BACKGROUND AND CHANGES REFLECTED  
IN THE UK NOTIFICATION UNDER THE LDC SERVICES WAIVER  
 
1. From 16 November 2015 to 31 December 2020 the UK granted preferential treatment to 
services and service suppliers of Least -Developed Countries as set out in the EU Notification under 
the LDC Services Waiver (S/C/N/840). The EU Notification has therefore been used as the basis for 
preparing the UK Notification under the LDC Services Waiver. The UK grants the same preferential 
treatment to services a nd services suppliers of Least -Developed Countries as provided for under the 
EU Notification.  
 
2. The UK Notification replicates the UK 's commitments and reservations as expressed in the EU 
Notification. Although small technical changes have been made to impr ove the presentational clarity 
of the UK Notification, no changes have been made to alter the scope or substance of UK 
commitments or reservations.  
 
3. As the UK has left the EU, it is no longer appropriate for the UK Notification to make reference 
to the EU , EU Treaties, EU legislation made under those Treaties, or commitments and reservations 
made by EU Member States. This is because the UK is no longer a party to the EU Treaties or a 
Member State of the EU and is therefore only able t o make commitments and  take reservations with 
respect to treatment afforded within its own territory. Similarly, as the UK has left the EU, the 
appropriate comparator for assessing national treatment is UK nationals rather than EU nationals.  
 
4. As a result:  
 
a. references to the "Eu ropean Union", "EU ", the "EEA" or to "Member States " have been 
deleted, or replaced with references to the "UK"; 
b. references to EU legislation have been deleted;  
c. references to "third country" companies have been replaced with references to companies 
of "oth er WTO Members", as the term "third country " is used in the EU Notification to draw 
a distinction between EU Member States and other WTO Members; and  
d. the sub -sectors listed in Headnote Section 4.1 have been streamlined to indicate the 
services sectors libe ralised by the UK in Annex D.  
 
_______________  
 
  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND  
 
SCHEDULE – TRADE IN SERVICES  
HEADNOTES   
1  OVERVIEW  
1.1.  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ( "the UK ") maintains that the right 
to submit to a review (e.g. an authorisation and/or notification procedure) the direct or indirect 
acquisition and/or control of a company or firm or the establishment of a new company or firm on 
national security grounds, under existing or future legislation , will be preserved and does not require 
specific reservations in the offer.  
1.2.  The UK further reserves the right to make technical changes to this Schedule and to correct 
any errors, omissions or inaccuracies. This Schedule does not contain commitments on au dio-visual 
services.  
1.3.  Nothing in this Schedule shall be construed to require the privatisation of public undertakings 
or to impose any obligation with respect to government procurement.  
1.4.  The UK reserves the right to maintain or introduce any measures with re spect to subsidies.  
1.5.  Consistent with the provisions of this Schedule, the UK retains the right to regulate and to 
introduce new regulations to meet legitimate policy objectives.  
1.6.  The UK is examining the interface between its regulatory framework on audit ser vices and the 
UK's present and future international obligations. This process may lead to further modifications or 
clarification of this Schedule.  
1.7.  Notwithstanding its obligation on market access, the UK may require that in the case of 
incorporation under i ts own law, investors and service suppliers must adopt a specific legal form. To 
the extent that such requirement is applied in a non -discriminatory manner, it does not need to be 
specified in this Schedule in order to be maintained or adopted by the UK.  
1.8.  Nothing in this Schedule shall be construed to require the UK to compensate for inherent 
competitive disadvantages which result from the foreign character of the relevant services or 
services suppliers.  
1.9.  This Schedule shall not apply to measures affecting na tural persons seeking access to the 
employment market of the UK, nor shall it apply to measures regarding citizenship, residence or 
employment on a permanent basis. Nothing in this Schedule shall prevent the UK from applying 
measures to regulate the entry of natural persons into, or their temporary stay in, its territory, 
including those measures necessary to protect the integrity of, and to ensure the orderly movement 
of natural persons across its borders, provided that such measures are not applied in suc h a manner 
as to nullify or impair the benefits accruing to LDC Members under the terms of a specific 
commitment.  
1.10.   This Schedule does not cover services relating to the use of nuclear energy for peaceful 
purposes.  
1.11.   The UK 's enquiry point is indicated on page  47 of the UK Notification.  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  2  LISTS OF COMMITMENTS  
2.1.  The sectors liberalised by the UK pursuant to the Annexes and, by means of reservations, the 
market access and national treatment limitations applicable to services and service suppliers of LDC 
Members in those sectors, are set out in lists of commitments included in the Annexes.  
a. List of commitments relating to commercial presence (Annex A)  
b. List of commitments relating to cross -border supply of services (Annex B)  
c. List of reservations relating to business visitors for establishment purposes, intra - 
corporate transferees and service sellers (Annex C)  
d. List of reservations relating to contractual services suppliers and independent 
professionals (Annex D)  
3  OBLIGATIONS CONCERNING TEMPORARY PRESENCE OF NA TURAL PERSONS FOR 
BUSINESS PURPOSES  
3.1.  Annexes C and D specify commitments and measures by the UK concerning the entry into and 
temporary stay1 within the UK of the following categories of natural persons providing services, or 
except where otherwise indicat ed in the sector specific part of the annexes2. 
For the purpose of Annexes C and D:  
 
3.2.  Business visitors for establishment purposes mean natural persons employed in a senior 
position within a juridical person of a LDC Member who are responsible for setting up an 
establishment. They do not offer or provide services or engage in any other economic activity than 
required for establishment purposes. They do not receive remuneration from a source located within 
the UK. The service provider has its principal place  of business in the territory of a LDC Member and 
has no other representative office, branch or subsidiary in the UK.  
3.3.  For sectors committed under mode 3 and subject to any reservation inscribed under that mode, 
entry and temporary stay is permitted for a p eriod of up to 90 days in any twelve month period.  
3.4.  Intra -corporate transferees mean natural persons who reside outside the UK at the time of 
the application and who have been employed by a juridical person of a LDC Member or its branch or 
have been partner s in it for at least one year immediately preceding the date of admission, and who 
are temporarily transferred in the context of the provision of a service through commercial presence 
in the territory of the UK. The natural person concerned must belong to one of the following 
categories:  
a. Managers : Persons working in a senior position within a juridical person, who primarily 
direct the management of the establishment, receiving general supervision or direction 
principally from the board of directors or from stockholders of the business or their 
equivalent, including at least:  
i. directing the establishment or a department or sub -division thereof; and  
ii. supervising and controlling the work of other supervisory, professional or managerial 
employees; and  
iii. having the a uthority personally to recruit and dismiss or recommend recruiting, 
dismissing or other personnel actions.  
 
1 All other requirements of the UK’s laws and regulations regarding entry, stay, work and social security 
measures shall continue to apply, including regulations concerning period of stay, minimum wages as well as 
collective wage agreements.  
2 Commitments do not apply in cases where the intent or effect of their temporary presence is to 
interfere with, or otherwise affect the outcome of, any labour/management dispute or negotiation.  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  b. Specialists : Persons working within a juridical person who possess specialised knowledge 
essential to the establishment 's production, research equipm ent, techniques, processes, 
procedures or management. In assessing such knowledge, account will be taken not only 
of knowledge specific to the establishment, but also of whether the person has a high level 
of qualification referring to a type of work or tr ade requiring specific technical knowledge, 
including membership of an accredited profession.  
c. Graduate trainees : Persons who possess a university degree and are temporarily 
transferred for career development purposes or to obtain training in business techn iques 
or methods. The recipient company in the UK may be required to submit a training 
programme covering the duration of the stay for prior approval, demonstrating that the 
purpose of the stay is for training.  
3.5.  For sectors committed under mode 3 and subjec t to any reservation inscribed under that mode, 
entry and stay is limited to a maximum of three years in the case of Managers and Specialists, and 
to twelve months in the case of Graduate trainees.  
3.6.  Services sellers mean natural persons who are representati ves of a services supplier of a LDC 
Member seeking entry and temporary stay in the UK for the purpose of negotiating the sale of 
services or entering into agreements to sell services for that supplier. They do not engage in making 
direct sales to the gener al public and do not receive remuneration from a source located within the 
UK, nor are they commission agents.  
3.7.  For sectors committed under modes 1, 2 and 3 and subject to any reservation inscribed under 
these modes entry and temporary stay is permitted for  a period of up to 90 days in any twelve -
month period.  
3.8.  Contractual services suppliers mean natural persons employed by a juridical person of a 
LDC Member which itself is not an agency for placement and supply services of personnel nor acting 
through such a n agency, has not established in the territory of the UK and has concluded a bona 
fide contract to supply services with a final consumer in the UK, requiring the presence on a 
temporary basis of its employees in the UK, in order to fulfil the contract to p rovide services.  
3.9.  Independent professionals mean natural persons engaged in the supply of a service and 
established as self -employed in the territory of a LDC Member who have not established in the 
territory of the UK and who have concluded a bona fide  contract other than through an agency for 
placement and supply services of personnel to supply services with a final consumer in the UK, 
requiring their presence on a temporary basis in  the UK in order to fulfil the contract to provide 
services.  
4  CONTRACTUAL SERVICES SUPPLIERS AND INDEPENDENT PROFESSION ALS 
4.1  Contractual Services Suppliers  
4.1.  The UK shall allow the supply of services into its territory by contractual services suppliers of 
the LDC Members through presence of natural persons, subject to the conditions specified below 
and in this Schedule, in the following sub -sectors where prefer ences have been granted by the UK:  
a. Legal  advisory  services  in respect  of international  public  law and foreign  law (i.e. non -UK 
law) 
b. Accounting and bookkeeping services  
c. Taxation advisory services  
d. Architectural services  
e. Urban planning and landscape architect ure services  
f. Engineering services  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  g. Integrated Engineering services  
h. Computer and related services  
i. Research and development services  
j. Advertising services  
k. Market Research and Opinion Polling  
l. Management consulting services  
m. Services related to management consult ing 
n. Technical testing and analysis services  
o. Related scientific and technical consulting services  
p. Maintenance and repair of equipment, including transportation equipment, notably in the 
context of an after -sales or after -lease services contract  
q. Translation and interpretation services  
r. Site investigation work  
s. Environmental services  
4.2.  The commitments undertaken by the UK are subject to the following conditions:  
a. The natural persons must be engaged in the supply of a service on a temporary basis as 
employees of a j uridical person, which has obtained a service contract for a period not 
exceeding twelve months.  
b. The natural persons entering the UK must be offering such services as an employee of the 
juridical person supplying the services for at least the year immediat ely preceding the date 
of submission of an application for entry into the UK. In addition, the natural persons must 
possess, at the date of submission of an application for entry into the UK, at least three 
years professional experience3 in the sector of activity which is the subject of the contract.  
c. The natural persons  entering the UK must possess:  
i. a university degree or a qualification demonstrating knowledge of an equivalent level4; 
and 
ii. professional qualifications where this is requir ed to exercise an activity pursuant to the 
law, regulations or requirements of the UK.  
d. The natural person shall not receive remuneration for the provision of services other than 
the remuneration paid by the juridical person employing the contractual servic e supplier 
during its stay in the UK.  
e. The temporary entry and stay of natural persons within the UK shall be for a cumulative 
period of not more than six months in any twelve -month period or for the duration of the 
contract, whichever is less.  
 
3 Obtained after having reached the age of majority.  
4 Where the degree or qualification has not been obtained in the UK, the relevant entity of the UK may 
evaluate whether this  is equivalent to a university degree required in its territory.  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  f. Access accor ded under these provisions relates only to the service activity which is the 
subject of the contract and does not confer entitlement to exercise the professional title 
of the UK where the service is provided.  
g. The number of persons covered by the service co ntract shall not be larger than necessary 
to fulfil the contract, as it may be decided by the laws, regulations and requirements of 
the UK.  
h. Other discriminatory limitations, including on the number of natural persons in the form 
of economic needs tests, wh ich are specified in this Schedule.  
4.2  Independent professionals  
4.3.  The UK shall allow the supply of services into the territory of the UK by independent 
professionals of LDC Members, subject to the conditions specified below and in this Schedule, in the 
followi ng sub -sectors:  
a. Legal  advisory  services  in respect  of international  public  law and foreign  law (i.e. non -UK 
law) 
b. Architectural services  
c. Urban planning and landscape architecture services  
d. Engineering services  
e. Integrated Engineering services  
f. Computer and rel ated services  
g. Research and development services  
h. Market Research and Opinion Polling  
i. Management consulting services  
j. Services related to management consulting  
k. Translation and interpretation services.  
4.4.  The commitments undertaken by the UK are subject to the fo llowing conditions:  
a. The natural persons must be engaged in the supply of a service on a temporary basis as 
self-employed persons established in a LDC Member and must have obtained a service 
contract for a period not exceeding twelve months.  
b. The natural per sons entering the UK must possess, at the date of submission of an 
application for entry into the UK, at least six years professional experience in the sector 
of activity which is the subject of the contract.  
c. The natural persons entering the UK must posses s: 
i. a university degree or a qualification demonstrating knowledge of an equivalent level5; 
and 
 
5 Where the degree or qualification has not been obtained in the UK, the relevant entity of the UK may 
evaluate whether this is equivalent to a university degree required in its territory.  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  ii. professional qualifications where this is required to exercise an activity pursuant to the 
law, regulations or requirements of the UK.  
d. The temporary entry and stay of natural persons within the UK shall be for a cumulative 
period of not more than six months in any twelve -month period or for the duration of the 
contract, whichever is less.  
e. Access accorded under the provisions of this Article relates only to t he service activity 
which is the subject of the contract and does not confer entitlement to exercise the 
professional title of the UK.  
f. Other discriminatory limitations, including on the number of natural persons in the form 
of economic needs tests, which a re specified in this Schedule.  
 
_______________  
 
  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  ANNEX A  
LIST OF UK 'S COMMITMENTS ON COMMERCIAL PRESENCE  
(REFERRED TO IN HEADNOTE SECTION 2)  
1. The list of commitments  below indicates the services liberalised by the UK pursuant to 
Headnote Section 2 above and, by means of reservations, the market access and national treatment 
limitations that apply to commercial presence of services and services suppliers of LDC Members  in 
those services. The lists are composed of the following elements:  
 
a. A first column indicating  the sector or sub -sector in which the commitment is assumed by 
the UK, and the scope of liberalisation to which the reservations apply.  
b. A second column describ ing the applicable reservations.  
2. Sectors  or sub -sectors not mentioned in the list below are not committed.  
 
3. In identifying  individual sectors and sub -sectors:  
 
a. CPC means the Central Products Classification as set out in Statistical Office of the United 
Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No 77, CPC prov , 1991.  
b. CPC ver. 1.0 means the Central Products Classification as set out in Statistical Office of 
the United  Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No 77, CPC ver. 1.0 , 1998.  
4. The list below does not include measures relating to qualification requirements and 
procedures, technical standards and licensing requirements and procedures when they do not 
constitute a m arket access or a national treatment limitation. Those measures (e.g. need to obtain 
a license, universal service obligations, need to obtain recognition of qualifications in regulated 
sectors, need to pass specific examinations, including language examina tions, non -discriminatory 
requirement that certain activities may not be carried out in environmental protected zones or areas 
of particular historic and artistic interest), even if not listed, apply in any case to investors of the 
LDC Members.  
 
5. In accorda nce with Headnote Section 1.4, the list below does not include measures concerning 
subsidies granted by the UK.  
 
6. In accordance  with Headnote Section 1.7, non -discriminatory requirements as regards the 
types of legal form of an establishment are not include d in the list below.  
 
7. The rights and obligations arising from this list of commitments shall have no self -executing 
effect and thus confer no rights directly to individual natural persons or juridical persons.  
 
_______________  
 
  S/C/N/1038  
 
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Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
ALL SECTORS  Public utilities  
 
Services considered as public utilities at a national or local level may 
be subject to public monopolies or to exclusive rights granted to 
private operators.6 7 
ALL SECTORS  Types of establishment  
 
Treatment accorded to subsidiaries (of companies of another WTO 
Member) formed in accordance with UK law and having their 
registered office, central administration or principal place of business 
within the UK is not extended to branches or a gencies established in 
the UK by a company of another WTO Member.  
 
 
 
Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
1. BUSINESS SERVICES   
A. Professional Services   
a) Legal Services  
(CPC 861)8 
(excluding legal advisory and legal 
documentations and certification 
services provided by legal 
professionals entrusted with public 
functions, such as notaries)  
 None 
b) 1. Accounting and Bookkeeping 
Services  
(CPC 86212 other than "auditing 
services", CPC 86213, CPC 86219 and 
CPC 86220)  
 None 
b) 2. Auditing services  
(CPC 86211 and 86212 other than 
accounting services)  
 None 
c) Taxation Advisory Services  
(CPC 863)9  
 None 
 
6 Public utilities exist in sectors such as related scientific and technical consulting services, R&D services 
on social sciences and humanities, technical testing and analysis services, environmental services, health 
services, transport services and service s auxiliary to all modes of transport. Exclusive rights on such services 
are often granted to private operators, for instance operators with concessions from public authorities, subject 
to specific service obligations. Given that public utilities often als o exist at the sub -central level, detailed and 
exhaustive sector -specific listing is not practical.  
7 This limitation  does not apply to telecommunications services and to computer and related services.  
8 Includes legal advisory, legal representational, leg al arbitration and conciliation/mediation, and legal 
documentation and certification services. Provision of legal services is only authorised in respect of public 
international law and the law of any jurisdiction where the investor or its personnel is qual ified to practise as a 
lawyer, and, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing requirements and procedures applicable 
in the UK. For lawyers providing legal services in respect of public international law and foreign law, these may 
take inter alia  the form of compliance with local codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recognition with UK 
title has been obtained) insurance requirements, simple registration with the UK regulators or a simplified 
admission to practise in the UK through an aptitude test and a legal or professional domicile in the UK. Legal 
services in respect of the law of the UK or the relevant jurisdiction shall in principle be carried out by or 
through a fully qualified lawyer admitted to practise in that jurisdiction and acting personally. Full admission to 
practise in the relevant jurisdiction of the UK might therefore be necessary for representation before courts and 
other competent authorities in the UK since it involves practice of national procedural law.  
9 Does n ot include legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters, which are to be 
found under 1.A.a). Legal services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
d) Architectural services  
and 
e) Urban planning and landscape 
architectural services  
(CPC 8671 and CPC 8674)  
 None 
f) Engineering services and  
g) Integrated  engineering services  
(CPC 8672 and CPC 8673)  
 None 
h) Medical (including psychologists) 
and Dental services  
(CPC 9312 and part of CPC 85201)  
 Establishment for doctors under the National Health Service is 
subject to medical manpower planning.  
i) Veterinary services  
(CPC 932)  
 None 
j) 1. Midwives services  
(part of CPC 93191)  
 None 
j) 2. Services provided by Nurses, 
Physiotherapists and Paramedical 
Personnel  
(part of CPC 93191)  
 None 
k) Retail sales of pharmaceuticals and 
retail sales of medical and 
orthopaedical goods  
(CPC 63211) and other services 
supplied by  pharmacists10 
 None 
B. Computer  and Related Services  
(CPC 84)  
 None 
C. Research and Development 
Services  
 
a) R and D services on natural 
sciences  
(CPC 851)  
b) R and D services on Social Sciences 
and Humanities  
(CPC 852 excluding psychologists 
services)11 
c) Interdisciplinary R and D services  
(CPC 853)  
 For publicly funded R and D services, exclusive rights and/or 
author isations can only be granted to UK nationals and to UK juridical 
persons having their headquarters in the UK.  
 
D. Real Estate Services12  
a) Involving Own or Leased  
Property  
(CPC 821)  
 None 
b) On a Fee or Contract Basis  
(CPC 822)  
 None 
 
10 The supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public, like the provision of other services, is subject  to 
licensing and quali fication requirements and procedures applicable in the UK.  
11 Part of CPC 85201 which is to be found under 1.A.h) - Medical and dental services.  
12 The service involved relates to the profession of real estate agent and does not affect any rights 
and/or restr ictions on natural and juridical persons purchasing real estate.  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
E. Rental/Leasing  Services without 
Operators  
  
a) Relating to Ships  
(CPC 83103)  None 
b) Relating to Aircraft  
(CPC 83104)  Aircraft used by UK air carriers have to  be registered in the UK. The 
aircraft must be owned either by natural persons meeting specific 
nationality criteria or by juridical persons meeting specific criteria 
regarding ownership of capital and control (including nationality of 
directors).  
 
c) Rel ating to Other Transport 
Equipment  
(CPC 83101, CPC 83102 and  
CPC 83105)  
 None 
d) Relating  to Other Machinery and 
Equipment  
(CPC 83106, CPC 83107, CPC 83108 
and CPC 83109)  
 None 
e) Relating to personal and household 
goods  
(CPC 832)  
 Unbound for CPC 83202  
f) Telecommunications equipment 
rental  
(CPC 7541)  
 None 
F. Other Business Services   
a) Advertising  
(CPC 871)  None 
b) Market  Research  and Opinion Polling  
(CPC 864)  
 None 
c) Management  Consulting Services  
(CPC 865)  
 None 
d) Services  Related  to Management 
Consulting  
(CPC 866)  
 None 
e) Technical  Testing  and Analysis 
Services  
(CPC 8676)  
 None 
 
f) Advisory  and Consulting Services 
incidental to Agriculture, Hunting and 
Forestry   
(part of CPC 881)  
 None 
g) Advisory  and Consulting Services 
Relating to Fishing  
(part of CPC 882)  
 None 
h) Advisory and Consulting Services 
incidental to Manufacturing  
(part of CPC 884 and part of CPC 885)  
 None S/C/N/1038  
 
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  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
i) Placement and Supply   
Services of Personnel  
  
i) 1. Executive search  
(CPC 87201)  
 None 
i) 2. Placement Services  
(CPC 87202)  None 
i) 3. Supply Services of office support 
personnel  
(CPC 87203)  None 
i) 4. Model agency Services  
(part of CPC 87209)  
 None 
j) 1. Investigation Services  
(CPC 87301)  
 None 
j) 2. Security Services  
(CPC 87302, CPC 87303, CPC  87304 
and CPC 87305)  
 None 
k) Related Scientific and Technical 
Consulting Services  
(CPC 8675)  
 None 
l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels  
(part of CPC 8868)  
 None 
l) 2. Maintenance and Repair of Rail 
Transport Equipment  
(part of CPC 8868)  
 None 
l) 3. Maintenance and Repair of motor 
vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles 
and road transport Equipment  
(CPC 6112, CPC 6122, part of 
CPC 8867 and part of CPC  8868)  
 None 
l) 4. Maintenance and Repair  
of Aircraft and parts thereof  
(part of CPC 8868)  None 
l) 5. Maintenance and Repair services 
of metal products, of (non office) 
machinery, of (non transport and non  
office) equipment and of personal and 
household  goods 13 
(CPC 633, CPC 7545, CPC  8861,  
CPC 8862,  CPC 8864,  CPC 8865 and 
CPC 8866)  
 None 
m) Building -Cleaning Services  
(CPC 874)  
 None 
n) Photographic Services  
(CPC 875)  
 None 
 
13 Maintenance and repair services of transport equipment (CPC 6112, CPC 6122, CPC 8867 and 
CPC 8868) are to be found under 1.F. l) 1 to 1.F.l) 4. Maintenance and repair services of office mac hinery and 
equipment including computers (CPC 845) are to be found under 1.B. Computer services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
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  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
o) Packaging Services  
(CPC 876)  
 None 
p) Printing and Publishing  
(CPC 88442)  
 None 
q) Convention Services  
(part of CPC 87909)  
 None 
r) 1. Translation  and Interpretation 
Services  
(CPC 87905)  
 None 
r) 2. Interior Design and other 
Specialty Design Services  
(CPC 87907)  
 None 
r) 3. Collection  Agency Services  
(CPC 87902)  
 None 
r) 4. Credit reporting services  
(CPC 87901)  
 None 
r) 5. Duplicating services  
(CPC 87904)14 None 
r) 6. Telecommunications consulting 
services  
(CPC 7544)  
 None 
r) 7. Telephone answering services 
(CPC 87903)  None 
 
14 Does not include printing services, which fall under CPC 88442 and are to be found under 1.F p).  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 15 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
2.  COMMUNICATION SERVICES   
A. Postal and Courier Services  
 
(Services relating to the handling15 of 
postal items16 according to the 
following list of sub -sectors, whether 
for domestic or foreign destinations: 
(i) Handling of addressed written 
communications on any kind of 
physical medium17, including Hybrid 
mail service and Direct mail, (ii) 
Handling of addressed parcels and 
packages18, (iii) Handling of addressed  
press  products19, (iv) Handling of 
items referred to in (i) to (iii) above as 
registered  or insured  mail, (v) E xpress 
delivery services20 for items referred to   
in (i) to (iii) above, (vi) Handling of 
non-addressed items, (vii) Document 
exchange21 None22 
Sub-sectors (i), (iv) and  (v) are 
however excluded when they fall into 
the scope of the services which may 
be reserved, which is: for items of 
correspondence the price of which is 
less than 2.5 times the public basic  
tariff, provided that they weigh less 
than 50 grams23, plus the registered 
mail service used in the course of 
judicial or administrative procedures.)  
(part of CPC 751, part of CPC 7123524 
and part of CPC 7321025)  
 
15 The term "handling" should be taken to include clearance, sorting, transport and delivery.  
16 "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private.  
17 E.g. letter, postcards.  
18 Books, catalogues are included hereunder.  
19 Journals, newspapers, periodicals.  
20 Express del ivery services may include, in addition to greater speed and reliability, value added 
elements such as collection from point of origin, personal delivery to addressee, tracing and tracking, 
possibility of changing the destination and addressee in transit, confirmation of receipt.  
21 Provision of means, including the supply of ad hoc premises as well as transportation by a third party, 
allowing self -delivery by mutual exchange of postal items between users subscribing to this service. Postal item 
refers to it ems handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private.  
22 For subsectors i) to iv), individual licences imposing particular universal services obligations and/or  
financial contribution to a compensation fund may be required.  
23 "Items of correspondence": a communication in written form on any kind of physical medium to be 
conveyed and delivered at the address indicated by the sender on the item itself or on its wrapping. Books, 
catalogues, newspapers and periodicals are not regar ded as items of correspondence.  
24 Transportation of mail on own account by any land mode.  
25 Transportation of mail on own account by air.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 16 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
B.  Telecommunications Services  
 
These services do not cover the 
economic activity consisting of the 
provision of content which requires 
telecommunications services for its 
transport  
  
a) All services consisting of the 
transmission and reception of signals 
by any electromagnetic means26, 
excluding broadcasting27 
 None28 
b) Satellite  broadcast transmission 
services29 Service suppliers in this sector may be subject to obligations to 
safeguard general interest objectives related to the conveyance of 
content through their network in line with the UK regulatory 
framework for electronic communications.  
 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED 
ENGINEERING SERVICES  
(CPC 511, CPC 512, CP C 513,  
CPC 514, CPC 515, CPC 516,  
CPC 517 and CPC 518)  
 None  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
(excluding  distribution  of arms, 
munitions, explosives and other war 
material)  
All sub -sectors mentioned below  
 None  
A.  Commission  Agents' Services  
  
a) Commission  Agents' Services of 
motor vehicles, motorcycles and 
snowmobiles and parts and 
accessories thereof  
(part of CPC 61111, part of CPC 6113 
and part of CPC  6121)  
 None 
b) Other Commission Agents'  
Services  
(CPC 621)  
 None 
B. Wholesale Trade Services  
  
a) Wholesale Trade Services of motor 
vehicles, motorcycles and 
snowmobiles and parts and 
accessories thereof  
(part of CPC 61111, part of CPC 6113 
and part of CPC  6121)  
 None 
 
26 These services do not include on -line information and/or data processing (including transaction 
processing) (part of  CPC 843) which is to be found under 1.B. Computer services.  
27 Broadcasting is defined as the uninterrupted chain of transmission required for the  distribution of TV 
and radio programme signals to the general public, but does not cover contribution links b etween operators.  
28 Footnote for clarification purposes: The UK reserves the right to maintain public participation in 
certain telecommunication operators in the future. This is not a market access limitation.  
29 These services cover the telecommunications service consisting of the transmission and reception of 
radio and television broadcast by satellite (the uninterrupted chain of transmission via satellite required for the 
distribution of TV and radio programme s ignals to the general public). This covers selling use of satellite 
services, but does not include the selling of television programme packages to households.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 17 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
b) Wholesale Trade Services of 
telecommunication terminal equipment  
(part of CPC 7542)  
 None 
c) Other wholesale trade services  
(CPC 622 excluding wholesale trade 
services of energy products 30) 
 None 
C. Retailing Services 31  
 
Retailing Services of motor vehicles, 
motorcycles and snowmobiles and 
parts and accessories thereof  
(CPC 61112, part of CPC 6113  
and part of CPC 6121)  
Retailing Services of 
telecommunication terminal 
equipment  
(part of CPC 7542)  
Food retailing services  
(CPC 631)  
Retailing services of other (non -
energy) goods, except retail sales of  
pharmaceutical, medical and 
orthopaedic goods 32 
(CPC 632 excluding  CPC 63211 and  
CPC 63297)  
 None 
D. Franchising  
(CPC 8929)  
 None 
5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES  
(only privately funded services)  
  
A. Primary Education Services  
(CPC 921)  
B. Secondary  Education Services  
(CPC 922)  
C. Higher Education Services  
(CPC 923)  
D. Adult Education Services  
(CPC 924)  
 Participation of private operators in the education network is subject 
to concession.  
 
30 These services, which include CPC 62271, are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 13.D.  
31 Does not include maintenance and repair services, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES 
under 1.B. and 1.F.l). Does not include retailing services of energy products which are to be found in ENERGY 
SERVICES under 13.E and 13.F.  
32 Retail sales of pharmaceut ical, medical and orthopaedic goods are to be found under PROFESSIONAL 
SERVICES in 1.A.k).  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
 6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES  
  
A. Waste Water Services  
(CPC 9401) 33 
 
B. Solid/hazardous waste 
management, excluding cross -border 
transport of hazardous waste  
a) Refuse Disposal Services  
(CPC 9402)  
b) Sanitation  and Similar Services  
(CPC 9403)  
 
C. Protection of ambient air and 
climate  
(CPC 9404) 34 
 
D. Remediation and clean up of soil 
and waters  
a) Treatment, remediation of 
contaminated/polluted soil and water  
(part of CPC 9406) 35 
 
E. Noise  and vibration abatement  
(CPC 9405)  
 
F. Protection of biodiversity and 
landscape  
a) Nature  and landscape protection 
services  
(part of CPC 9406)  
 
G. Other environmental and ancillary 
services  
(CPC 9409)  
 None 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES  
  
A. Insurance and insurance - related 
services  
 None 
B. Banking and other financial services 
(excluding insurance)  Only firms having their registered office in the UK can act as 
depositories of the assets of investment funds. The establishment of 
a specialised management company is required to perform the 
activities of management of unit trusts and investment companies.  
 
 
33 Corresponds to sewage services.  
34 Corresponds to Cleaning Services of Exhaust Gases.  
35 Corresponds to parts of Nature and Landscape Protection Services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 19 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
8. HEALTH SERVICES AND SOCIAL 
SERVICES  
(only privately funded services)  
  
A. Hospital Services  
(CPC 9311)  
 
B. Ambulance Services  
(CPC 93192)  
 
C. Residential health facilities other 
than hospital services  
(CPC 93193)  
 
D. Social Services  
(CPC 933)  
 Participation of private operators in the health and social network is 
subject to concession. Economic needs tests may apply. Main 
criteria: number of a nd impact on existing establishments, transport 
infrastructure, population density, geographic spread, and creation 
of new employment.  
 
Unbound for ambulance services, for residential health facilities other 
than hospital services and for social services other than convalescent 
and rest houses and old people's homes.  
9. TOURISM  AND TRAVEL RELATED 
SERVICES   
A. Hotel,  Restaurants  and Catering  
(CPC 641, CPC 642 and CPC  643) 
Excluding catering in air transport 
services 36 
 None 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators 
Services (including tour managers)  
(CPC 7471)  
 None 
C. Tourist Guides Services  
(CPC 7472)  None 
 
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND 
SPORTING SERVICES  
(other than audio - visual services)   
A. Entertainment Services  
(including Theatre, Live Bands, Circus 
and Discotheque Services)  
(CPC 9619)  None  
B. News and Press Agencies Services  
(CPC 962)  None  
D. Sporting services  
(CPC 9641)  
 None 
E. Recreation park and beach Services  
(CPC 96491)  
 None 
 
36 Catering  in air transport services is to be found in SERVICES AUXILIARY TO TRANSPORT under 
1.12.E.a) Ground handling services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 20 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES   
A. Maritime transport   
a) International  passenger 
transportation  
(CPC 7211 less national cabotage 
transport).  
 
b) International  freight transportation  
(CPC 7212 less national cabotage 
transport)37 
 Unbound for the establishment of a registered company for the 
purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the UK.  
 
B. Internal  Waterways Transport   
a) Passenger transportation  
(CPC 7221)  
b) Freight transportation  
(CPC 7222)  Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to 
inland waterways reserving some traffic rights for operators based in 
the countries concerned on access to inland waterways and meeting 
nationality criteria regarding ownership.  
 
Unbound for the establishment of a registered company for the 
purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the UK.  
 
C. Rail Transport  
 
a) Passenger transportation  
(CPC 7111)  
b) Freight transportation  
(CPC 7112)  
 None  
D. Road Transport   
a) Passenger Transportation  
(CPC 7121 and CPC 7122)  Foreign investors cannot provide transport services within the UK 
(cabotage), except for rental of non-scheduled services of buses with 
operator.  
 
Economic needs test for taxi services. Main criteria: number of and 
impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic 
spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment.  
 
b) Freight Transportation  
(CPC 7123,  excluding transportation of 
mail on own account38) 
 None 
E. Pipeline transport of goods other 
than fuel39 
(CPC 7139)  
 None 
 
37 Includes feedering services and movement of equipment by international maritime transport suppliers 
between ports located in  the UK wh en no revenue is involved.  
38 Part of CPC 71235, which is to be found in COMMUNICATION SERVICES under 2.A. Postal and courier 
services.  
39 Pipeline transportation of fuels is to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 13.B.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 21 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
12. SERVICES AUXILIARY TO 
TRANSPORT40 
  
A. Services  auxiliary  to Maritime 
transport  
a) Maritime Cargo Handling Services  
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(CPC 742)  
c) Customs Clearance Services  
d) Container Station and Depot 
Services  
e) Maritime Agency Services  
f) Maritime Freight Forwarding 
Services  
g) Rental of Vessels with Crew  
(CPC 7213)  
h) Pushing and towing services  
(CPC 7214)  
i) Supporting services for maritime 
transport  
(part of CPC 745)  
j) Other supporting and auxiliary 
services (including catering)  
(part of CPC 749)   For pushing and towin g services and for supporting services for 
maritime transport unbound for the establishment of a registered 
company for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag 
of the UK.  
B. Services  auxiliary  to internal 
waterways transport  
a) Cargo -handling services  
(part of CPC 741)  
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(part of CPC 742)  
c) Freight  transport  agency services  
(part of CPC 748)  
d) Rental  of Vessels  with Crew  
(CPC 7223)  
e) Pushing  and towing services  
(CPC 7224)  
f) Supporting  services  for internal 
waterway transport  
(part of CPC 745)  
g) Other  supporting  and auxiliary 
services  
(part of CPC 749)  
 Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to 
inland waterways reserving some traffic rights for operators based in 
the countries concerned on access to inland waterways and meeting 
nationality criteria regarding ownership.  
 
Unbound for pushing and towing services and supporting services for 
internal waterway transport.  
 
C. Services auxiliary to rail transport  
a) Cargo -handling services  
(part of CPC 741)  
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(part of CPC 742)  
c) Freight  transport  agency services  
(part of CPC 748)  
d) Pushing  and towing services  
(CPC 7113)  
e) Supporting services for rail 
transport services  
(CPC 743)  
f) Other  supporting and auxiliary 
services  
(part of CPC 749)  
 None 
 
40 Does not include maintenance and repai r services of transport equipment, which are to be found in 
BUSINESS SERVICES under 1.F.l) 1 to 1.F.l) 4.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 22 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
D. Services auxiliary to road transport  
a) Cargo -handling services  
(part of CPC 741)  
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(part of CPC 742)  
c) Freight  transport  agency services  
(part of CPC 748)  
d) Rental of Commercial Road Vehicles 
with Operators  
(CPC 7124)  
e) Supporting  services  for road 
transport equipment  
(CPC 744)  
f) Other  supporting and auxiliary 
services  
(part of CPC 749)  
 None 
E. Services auxiliary to air transport 
services  
  
a) Ground handling services (including 
catering)  Categories of activities depend of size of airport. The number of 
providers in each airport can be limited due to available -space 
constraints and to not less than two suppliers for other reasons.  
 
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(part of CPC 742)  
 None 
c) Freight  transport  agency services  
(part of CPC 748)  
 None 
d) Rental of aircraft with crew  
(CPC 734)  Aircraft used by carriers of the UK have to be registered in the UK 
and shall be subject to approval in accordance with the applicable UK 
law on aviation safety. Waivers can be granted for short term lease 
contracts or under exceptional circumstances.  
 
e) Sales and Marketing  
 Specific obligations for investors operating computer reservation 
systems that are owned or controlled by air carriers.  
 
f) Computer Reservations System  
 Specific obligations for investors operating computer reservation 
systems that are owned or controlled by air carriers.  
 
g) Airport management  
 None 
F. Services auxiliary to pipeline 
transport of goods other than fuel41 
a) Storage  and warehouse services of 
goods other than fuel transported by 
pipelines  
(part of CPC 742)  
 None 
13. ENERGY SERVICES   
A. Services  Incidental  to Mining  
(CPC 883)42 
 None 
 
41 Services auxiliary to pipeline transportation of fuels are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES, under 
13.C.  
42 Includes the following service rendered on a fee or contract basis: advisory and consulting services 
relating to mining, on land site preparation, on land rig installation, drilling, drilling bits services, casing and 
tubular services, mud engineering and supply, solids control, fishing and downhol e special operations, wellsite 
geology and drilling control, core taking, well testing, wireline services, supply and operation of completion 
fluids (brines) supply and installation of completion devices, cementing (pressure pumping), stimulation 
services (fracturing, acidising and pressure pumping), workover and well repair services, plugging and 
abandoning of wells.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 23 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
C. Storage and warehouse services of 
fuels transported through pipelines  
(part of CPC 742)  
 None 
D. Wholesale trade services of solid, 
liquid and gaseous fuels and related 
products  
(CPC 62271)  
and wholesale trade services of 
electricity, steam and hot water  
 Unbound for wholesale trade services of electricity, steam and hot 
water.  
E. Retailing Services of motor fuel  
(CPC 613)  
 
F. Retail sales of fuel oil, bottled gas, 
coal and wood  
(CPC 63297)  
and retailing services of electricity, 
(non bottled) gas, steam and hot 
water  
 Unbound for retailing services of motor fuel, electricity, (non bottled) 
gas, steam and hot water.  
G. Services  incidental  to energy 
distribution  
(CPC 887)  
 Unbound except for consultancy services, where: none  
14. OTHER SERVICES NOT INCLUDED 
ELSEWHERE  
  
a) Washing,  Cleaning  and Dyeing 
services  
(CPC 9701)  
 None 
b) Hairdressing services  
(CPC 97021)  
 None 
c) Cosmetic treatment, manicuring 
and pedicuring services  
(CPC 97022)  
 None 
d) Other  beauty  treatment services 
n.e.c.  
(CPC 97029)  
 None 
e) Spa  services  and non therapeutical 
massages, to the extent  that they  are 
provided as relaxation physical well -
being services and not for medical or 
rehabilitation purposes43  
(CPC ver. 1.0 97230)  
 None 
g) Telecommunications connection 
services  
(CPC 7543)  
 None 
 
 
_______________  
  
 
43 Therapeutical massages and thermal cure services are to be found under 1.A.h) Medical services, 
1.A.j) 2 Services provided by nurses, physi otherapists and para -medical personnel and health services (8.A 
and 8.C).  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 24 - 
 
  ANNEX B  
LIST OF COMMITMENTS ON CROSS -BORDER SUPPLY OF SERVICES  
(REFERRED TO IN HEADNOTE SECTION 2)  
1. The list of commitments below indicates the services sectors liberalised by the UK pursuant 
to Headnote Section 2 above, and, by means of reservations, the market access and national 
treatment limitations that apply to services and services suppliers of LDC Members in those sectors. 
The list is composed of the follo wing elements:  
 
a. A first column indicating the sector or sub -sector in which the commitment is assumed by 
the UK, and the scope of liberalisation to which the reservations apply.  
b. A second column describing the applicable reservations  
2. Cross -border supply of services in sectors or sub -sectors and not mentioned in the list below 
is not committed.  
 
3. In identifying individual sectors and sub -sectors:  
 
a. CPC means the Central Products Classification as set out in Statistical Office of the Unite d 
Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No 77, CPC prov, 1991.  
b. CPC ver. 1.0 means the Central Products Classification as set out in Statistical Office of 
the United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No 77, CPC ver 1.0, 1998.  
4. The list below does not i nclude measures relating to qualification requirements and 
procedures, technical standards and licensing requirements and procedures when they do not 
constitute a market access or a national treatment limitation. Those measures (e.g.  need to obtain 
a licen se, universal service obligations, need to obtain recognition of qualifications in regulated 
sectors, need to pass specific examinations, including language examinations), even if not listed, 
apply in any case to service suppliers of LDC Members.  
 
5. The list  below is without prejudice to the feasibility of Mode 1 in certain services sectors and 
sub-sectors and without prejudice to the existence of public monopolies and exclusive rights as 
described in the list of commitments on establishment.  
 
6. In accordance w ith Headnote Section 1.4 the list below does not include measures concerning 
subsidies granted by the UK.  
 
7. In accordance with Headnote Section 1.7 non -discriminatory requirements as regards the 
types of legal form of a service supplier are not included in the list below.  
 
8. The rights and obligations arising from this list of commitments shall have no self -executing 
effect and thus confer no rights directly to individual natural persons or juridical persons.  
 
_______________  
  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 25 - 
 
   
Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
1. BUSINESS SERVICES  
  
A. Professional Services  
  
a) Legal Services  
(CPC 861)44 
(excluding legal advisory and legal 
documentations and certification 
services provided by legal 
professionals entrusted with public 
functions, such as notaries)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
b) 1. Accounting and Bookkeeping 
Services  
(CPC 86212 other than "auditing 
services", CPC 86213, CPC 86219 
and CPC  86220)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
b) 2. Auditing services  
(CPC 86211 and CPC 86212 other 
than accounting services)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
c) Taxation Advisory Services  
(CPC 863)45 
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
d) Architectural services  
and 
e) Urban planning and landscape  
architectural services  
 
(CPC 8671 and CPC 8674)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
f) Engineering services;  
and 
g) Integrated  engineering services  
(CPC 8672 and CPC 8673)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
44 Includes legal advisory, legal representational, legal arbitration and conciliation/mediation, and legal 
documentation and certification services. Provision of legal services is only authorised in respect of public 
international law and the law of any juri sdiction where the investor or its personnel is qualified to practise as a 
lawyer, and, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing requirements and procedures applicable 
in the UK. For lawyers providing legal services in respect of publi c international law and foreign law, these may 
take inter alia the form of compliance with local codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recognition with UK 
title has been obtained) insurance requirements, simple registration with the UK regulators or a  simplified 
admission to practise in the UK through an aptitude test and a legal or professional domicile in the UK. Legal 
services in respect of the law of the UK or the relevant jurisdiction shall in principle be carried out by or 
through a fully qualifi ed lawyer admitted to practise in that jurisdiction and acting personally. Full admission to 
practise in the relevant jurisdiction of the UK might therefore be necessary for representation before courts and 
other competent authorities in the UK since it in volves practice of national procedural law.  
45 Does not include legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters, which are to be 
found under 1.A.a). Legal services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 26 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
h) Medical (including 
Psychologists), and Dental services  
(CPC 9312 and  part of CPC 85201)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
i) Veterinary services  
(CPC 932)  For Mode 1  
Unbound except for veterinary laboratory and technical services 
supplied to veterinary surgeons, general advice, guidance and 
information e.g.: nutritional, behaviour and pet care.  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
j) 1. Midwives services  
(part of CPC 93191)  
 For Mode 1  
j) 2. Services provided by Nurses, 
Physiotherapists and Paramedical 
Personnel  
(part of CPC 93191)  Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
k) Retail sales of pharmaceuticals 
and retail sales of medical and 
orthopaedical goods  
(CPC 63211)  
and other services supplied by 
pharmacists46 
 For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
B. Computer  and Related Services  
(CPC 84)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
C. Research and Development    
Services   
a) R and D services on natural 
sciences  
(CPC 851)  
 
b) R and D services on Social 
Sciences and Humanities  
(CPC 852  excluding psychologists 
services)47 
 
c) Interdisciplinary R and D 
services  
(CPC 853)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
For publicly funded R and D services, exclusive rights and/or 
authorisations can only be gr anted to UK nationals and to UK juridical 
persons having their headquarters in the UK.  
D. Real Estate Services48  
a) Involving Own or Leased 
Property  
(CPC 821)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
b) On a Fee or Contract Basis  
(CPC 822)  For Modes 1 and 2  
 
None 
 
 
46 The supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public, like the provision of other services, is subject  to 
licensing and qualification requirements and procedures applicable in the UK.  
47 Part of CPC 85201, which is to be found under 1.A.h. Medical and dental services.  
48 The service involved relates to the profession of real est ate agent and does not affect any rights 
and/or restrictions on natural and juridical persons purchasing real estate.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 27 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
E. Rental/Leasing  Services without 
Operators   
a) Relating to Ships  
(CPC 83103)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
b) Relating to Aircraft  
(CPC 83104)  For Modes 1 and 2  
Aircraft used by UK air carriers have to  be registered in the UK and shall 
be subject to approval in accordance with applicable UK law on aviation 
safety.  
 
c) Relating to Other Transport 
Equipment  
(CPC 83101, CPC 83102 and  
CPC 83105)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
d) Relating to   Other Machinery and 
Equipment  
(CPC 83106, CPC 83107, 
CPC 83108 and CPC 83109)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
f) Telecommunications equipment 
rental  
(CPC 7541)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
F. Other Business Services  
  
a) Advertising 
(CPC 871)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
b) Market  Research  and Opinion 
Polling  
(CPC 864)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
c) Management  Consulting Services  
(CPC 865)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
d) Services  Related  to Management 
Consulting  
(CPC 866)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
e) Technical  Testing  and Analysis 
Services  
(CPC 8676)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
f) Advisory and Consulting services 
incidental to Agriculture, Hunting 
and Forestry  
(part of CPC 881)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
g) Advisory  and Consulting 
Services Relating to Fishing  
(part of CPC 882)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
h) Advisory and Consulting 
Services incidental to 
Manufacturing  
(part of CPC 884 and part of 
CPC 885) 
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None S/C/N/1038  
 
- 28 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
i) Placement  and Supply Services 
of Personnel   
i) 1. Executive search  
(CPC 87201)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
i) 3. Supply Services of office 
support personnel  
(CPC 87203)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
j) 2. Security Services  
(CPC 87302, CPC 87303, CPC  87304 
and CPC 87305)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
 
k) Related  Scientific and Technical 
Consulting Services  
(CPC 8675)  For Mode 1  
Unbound for exploration services.  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
l) 1. Maintenance and repair of 
vessels  
(part of CPC 8868)  For Mode 1  
For maritime transport vessels: Unbound  
For internal waterways transport vessels:  Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
l) 2. Maintenance and Repair of 
Rail Transport Equipment  
(part of CPC 8868)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
l) 3. Maintenance and Repair of 
motor vehicles, motorcycles, 
snowmobiles and road transport 
Equipment  
(CPC 6112, CPC 6122, part of 
CPC 8867 and part of CPC 8868)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
l) 4. Maintenance and Repair of 
Aircraft and parts thereof  
(part of CPC 8868)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
l) 5. Maintenance and Repair 
services of metal products, of (non 
office) machinery, of (non 
transport and non office) 
equipment and of personal and 
household goods49 
(CPC 633, CPC 7545, CPC  8861,  
CPC 8862,  CPC 8864,  
CPC 8865 and CPC 8866)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
m) Building -Cleaning Services  
(CPC 874)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
 
49 Maintenance and repair services of transport equipment (CPC 6112, CPC 6122, CPC 8867 and 
CPC 8868) are to be found under l.F. l) 1 to 1. F.l) 4. Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and 
equipment including computers (CPC 845) are to be found under 1.B. COMPUTER SERVICES.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 29 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
n) Photographic Services  
(CPC 875)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
o) Packaging Services  
(CPC 876)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
p) Printing and Publishing  
(CPC 88442)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
q) Convention Services  
(part of CPC 87909)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
r) 1. Translation  and Interpretation 
Services  
(CPC 87905)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
r) 2. Interior design and other 
specialty design services  
(CPC 87907)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
r) 5. Duplicating services  
(CPC 87904)50 For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
r) 6. Telecommunications 
consulting services  
(CPC 7544)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
r) 7. Telephone  answering services  
(CPC 87903)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
 
50 Does not include printing services, which fall under CPC 88442 and are to be found under 1.F p).  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 30 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES   
A. Postal and Courier Services  
 
Services relating to the handling51 
of postal items52 according to the 
following list of sub -sectors, 
whether for domestic or foreign 
destinations: (i) Handling of 
addressed written communications 
on any kind of physical medium53, 
including Hybrid mail service and 
Direct mail, (ii) Handling of 
addressed parcels and packages54,  
(iii) Handling  of addressed press 
products55, (iv) Handling of items 
referred to in (i) to (iii) above as 
registered   or  insured  mail, (v) 
Express delivery services56 for 
items referred to in (i) to    (iii) 
above, (vi) Handling of non -
addressed items, (vii) Document 
exchange57 For Modes 1 and 2  
None58 
 
Sub-sectors (i), (iv) and (v) are 
however excluded when they fall 
into the scope of the services 
which may be reserved, which is: 
for items of correspondence the 
price of which is less than 2.5 
times the public basic tariff, 
provided that they weigh less than 
50 grams59, plus the registered 
mail service used in the course of 
judicial or administrative 
procedures.)   
(part of CPC 751, part of 
CPC 7123560 and part of 
CPC 7321061)  
 
51 The term "handling" should be taken to include clearance, sorting, transport and delivery.  
52 "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private.  
53 E.g. letter, postcards.  
54 Books, catalogues are included hereunde r. 
55 Journals, newspapers, periodicals.  
56 Express delivery services may include, in addition to greater speed and reliability, value added 
elements such as collection from point of origin, personal delivery to addressee, tracing and tracking, 
possibility of changing the destination and addressee in transit, confirmation of receipt.  
57 Provision of means, including the supply of ad hoc premises as well as transportation by a third party, 
allowing self -delivery by mutual exchange of postal items b etween users subscribing to this service. Postal item 
refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private.  
58 For subsectors (i) to (iv), individual licences imposing particular universal services obligations and/or 
financi al contribution to a compensation fund may be required.  
59 Items of correspondence": a communication in written form on any kind of physical medium to be 
conveyed and delivered at the address indicated by the sender on the item itself or on its wrapping. Bo oks, 
catalogues, newspapers and periodicals are not regarded as items of correspondence.  
60 Transportation of mail on own account by any land mode. 
61 Transportation of mail on own account by air.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 31 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
B. Telecommunications Services  
(These services do not cover the 
economic activity consisting of the 
provision of content which requires 
telecommunications services for its 
transport)  
  
a) All services consisting of the 
transmission and reception of 
signals by any electromagnetic 
means62, 
excluding broadcasting63 
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
b) Satellite  broadcast transmission 
services64 For Modes 1 and 2  
None except that service providers in this sector may be subject to 
obligations to safeguard general interest objectives related to the 
conveyance of content through their network in line with UK regulatory 
framework for electronic communications.  
 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND REL ATED 
ENGINEERING SERVICES  
(CPC 511, CPC 512, CPC 513, 
CPC 514, CPC 515, CPC 516, 
CPC 517 and CPC 518)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
(excluding  distribution  of arms, 
munitions, explosives and other 
war material)  
  
A. Commission  Agents'  
Services  
 
a) Commission  Agents' Services of 
motor vehicles, motorcycles and 
snowmobiles and parts and 
accessories thereof  
(part of CPC 61111, part of 
CPC 6113 and part of CPC 6121)  
b) Other Commission Agents'  
Services  
(CPC 621)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
Unbound for distribution of chemical products, of precious metals (and 
stones)  
 
 
62 These services do not include on -line information and/or data processing (including transaction 
processing) (part of CPC 843) which is to be found under 1.B. Computer services.  
63 Broadcasting is defined as the uninterrupted chain of transmission required for the distribution of TV 
and radio pr ogramme signals to the general public, but does not cover contribution links between operators.  
64 These services cover the telecommunications service consisting of the transmission and reception of 
radio and television broadcast by satellite (the uninterru pted chain of transmission via satellite required for the 
distribution of TV and radio programme signals to the general public). This covers selling use of satellite 
services, but does not include the selling of television programme packages to households.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 32 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
B. Wholesale Trade Services  
 
a) Wholesale Trade Services of 
motor vehicles, motorcycles and 
snowmobiles and parts and 
accessories thereof  
(part of CPC 61111, part of 
CPC 6113 and part of CPC 6121)  
b) Wholesale Trade Services of 
telecommunication terminal 
equipment  
(part of CPC 7542)  
c) Other wholesale trade services  
(CPC 622 excluding wholesale  
trade services of energy 
products65) For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
C. Retailing Services66  
 
Retailing Services of motor 
vehicles, motorcycles and 
snowmobiles and parts and 
accessories thereof  
(CPC 61112, part of CPC 6113  
and part of CPC 6121)  
 
Retailing Services of 
telecommunication  terminal 
equipment  
(part of CPC 7542)  
 
Food retailing services  
(CPC 631)  
 
Retailing services of other (non -
energy) goods, except retail sales 
of pharmaceutical, medical and 
orthopaedic goods67 
(CPC 632 excluding CPC 63211 and 
CPC 63297)  
 
D. Franchising  
(CPC 8929)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
For retailing services, unbound except for mail order  
5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES  
(only privately -funded services)   
A. Primary Education Services  
(CPC 921)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
B. Secondary  Education Services  
(CPC 922)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
C. Higher Education Services  
(CPC 923)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
 
65 These services, which include CPC 62271, are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under 18.D.  
66 Does not include maintenance and repair services, which are to be found in BUSINESS SERVICES 
under 1.B. and 1.F.l).  
67 Retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and o rthopaedic goods are to be found under PROFESSIONAL 
SERVICES in 1.A.k).  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 33 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
D. Adult Education Services  
(CPC 924)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES  
  
A. Waste Water Services  
(CPC 9401)68 
 
B. Solid/hazardous waste 
management, excluding cross -
border transport of hazardous 
waste  
a) Refuse Disposal Services  
(CPC 9402)  
b) Sanitation and Similar Services  
(CPC 9403)  
C. Protection of ambient air and 
climate  
(CPC 9404)69 
 
D. Remediation and clean -up of 
soil and waters  
a) Treatment, remediation of 
contaminated/polluted soil and 
water  
(part of CPC 94060)70 
 
E. Noise  and vibration abatement  
(CPC 9405)  
 
F. Protection of biodiversity and 
landscape  
a) Nature  and  landscape protection 
services  
(part of CPC 9406)  
 
G. Other environmental and 
ancillary services  
(CPC 94090)  
 For Mode 1  
Unbound except for consulting services  
 
For Mode 2  
None  
 
68 Corresponds to sewage services.  
69 Corresponds to Cleaning Services of Exhaust Gases.  
70 Corresponds to parts of Nature and Landscape Protection Services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 34 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES  
  
A. Insurance and insurance - 
related services  For Modes 1 and 2  
Unbound for direct insurance services except for insurance of risks 
relating to:  
 
i) Maritime shipping and commercial aviation and space launching 
and freight (including satellites), with such insurance to cover any or 
all of the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle 
transporting th e goods and any liability arising therefrom; and  
 
ii) goods in international transit.  
 
For Mode 1  
Unbound for direct insurance intermediation services except for 
insurance of risks relating to:  
 
i) Maritime shipping and commercial aviation and space launching 
and freight (including satellites), with such insurance to cover any or 
all of the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle 
transporting the goods and any liability arising therefro m; and  
 
ii) goods in international transit  
 
For Mode 2  
Unbound for intermediation  
 
B. Banking and other financial 
services (excluding insurance)  For Mode 1  
Unbound except for provision of financial information and financial 
data processing and for advisory and other auxiliary services 
excluding intermediation  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
8. HEALTH SERVICES AND SOCIAL 
SERVICES  
(only privately -funded services)  
  
A. Hospital Services  
(CPC 9311)  
 
C. Residential health facilities other 
than hospital services  
(CPC 93193)  
 For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
D. Social Services  
(CPC 933)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
9. TOURISM  AND TRAVEL RELATED 
SERVICES   
A. Hotel,  Restaurants  and Catering  
(CPC 641, CPC 642 and CPC  643) 
Excluding  catering  in air transport 
services71 For Mode 1  
Unbound except for catering  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
 
71 Catering in air transport s ervices is to be found in SERVICES AUXILIARY TO TRANSPORT SERVICES 
under 12.E.a) Ground  handling services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 35 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
B. Travel Agencies and Tour 
Operators Services  
(including tour managers)  
(CPC 7471)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
C. Tourist Guides Services  
CPC 7472)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL 
AND SPORTING SERVICES (other 
than audio - visual services)  
  
A. Entertainment Services 
(including Theatre, Live Bands, 
Circus and Discotheque Services)  
(CPC 9619)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
B. News and Press Agencies 
Services  
(CPC 962)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
D. Sporting services  
(CPC 9641)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
E. Recreation park and beach 
Services  
(CPC 96491)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES  
  
A. Maritime transport  
a) International  passenger 
transportation  
(CPC 7211 less national cabotage 
transport).  
b) International  freight 
transportation  
(CPC 7212 less national cabotage 
transport)72 
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
B. Internal  Waterways Transport  
a) Passenger transportation  
(CPC 7221)  
b) Freight transportation  
(CPC 7222)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to inland 
waterways reserving some traffic rights for operators based in the 
countries concerned on access to inland waterways and meeting 
nationality criteria regarding ownership.  
 
C. Rail Transport  
a) Passenger transportation  
(CPC 7111)  
b) Freight transportation  
(CPC 7112)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None  
 
D. Road Transport  
a) Passenger Transportation  
(CPC 7121 and CPC 7122)   
b) Freight Transportation  
(CPC 7123,  excluding 
transportation of mail on own 
account73). For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
72 Includes feedering services and movement of equipment by international maritime transport suppliers 
between ports located in the UK when no revenue  is involved.  
73 Part of CPC 71235, which is to be found in COMMUNICATION SERVICES under 2.A. Postal and courier 
services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 36 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
12. SERVICES AUXILIARY TO 
TRANSPORT74 
  
A. Services  auxiliary  to Maritime 
Transport  
 
a) Maritime Cargo Handling 
Services  
b) Storage and warehousing 
Services  
(part of CPC 742)  
c) Customs  Clearance Services  
d) Container  Station  and Depot 
Services  
e) Maritime Agency Services  
f) Maritime freight forwarding 
Services  
g) Rental  of Vessels  with Crew  
(CPC 7213)  
h) Pushing  and towing services  
(CPC 7214)  
i) Supporting  services  for maritime 
transport  
(part of CPC 745)  
j) Other  supporting  and auxiliary 
services  
(part of CPC 749)  
 For Mode 1  
Unbound for customs clearance services and for container station and 
depot services  
Unbound for maritime cargo handling services  
Unbound for storage and warehousing services  
Unbound for pushing and towing services  
 
For Mode 2  
None  
B. Services  auxiliary  to internal 
waterways transport  
 
a) Cargo -handling services (part of 
CPC 741)  
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(part of CPC 742)  
c) Freight  transport  agency 
services  
(part of CPC 748)  
d) Rental  of Vessels  with Crew  
(CPC 7223)  
e) Pushing  and towing services  
(CPC 7224)  
f) Supporting  services  for internal 
waterway transport  
(part of CPC 745)  
g) Other  supporting  and auxiliary 
services  
(part of CPC 749)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to 
inland waterways reserving some traffic rights for operators based in 
the countries concerned on access to inland waterways and meeting 
nationality criteria regarding ownership.  
Unbound for pushing and towing services  
 
 
74 Does not include maintenance and repair services of transport equipment, which are to be found in 
BUSINESS SERVICES under 1.F.l) 1 t o 1.F.l) 4.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 37 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
C. Services auxiliary to rail 
transport  
 
a) Cargo -handling services  
(part of CPC 741)  
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(part of CPC 742)  
c) Freight  transport  agency 
services  
(part of CPC 748)  
d) Pushing  and towing services  
(CPC 7113)  
e) Supporting services for rail 
transport services  
(CPC 743)  
f) Other  supporting  and auxiliary 
services  
(part of CPC 749)  
 For Mode 1  
Unbound for pushing and towing services  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
D. Services auxiliary to road 
transport  
 
a) Cargo -handling services (part of 
CPC 741)  
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(part of CPC 742)  
c) Freight  transport  agency 
services  
(part of CPC 748)  
d) Rental of Commercial Road 
Vehicles with Operators  
(CPC 7124)  
e) Supporting  services for road 
transport  
(CPC 744)  
f) Other  supporting  and auxiliary 
services  
(part of CPC 749)  
 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
E. Services auxiliary to air 
transport services  
  
a) Ground -handling services 
(including catering services)  For Modes 1 and 2  
Unbound except for catering  
 
b) Storage  and warehouse services  
(part of CPC 742)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
c) Freight  transport  agency 
services  
(part of CPC 748)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
d) Rental of aircraft with crew  
(CPC 734)  For Modes 1 and 2  
Aircraft used by air carriers of the UK have to be registered in the UK 
and shall be subject to approval in accordance with applicable UK  law 
on aviation safety. Waivers can be granted for short term lease contracts 
or under exceptional circumstances.  
 
e) Sales and Marketing  
 
f) Computer Reservations System  For Modes 1 and 2  
 
Specific obligations for service suppliers operating computer reservation 
systems that are owned or controlled by air carriers.  
 S/C/N/1038  
 
- 38 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
g) Airport management  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
F. Services auxiliary to pipeline 
transport of goods other than fuel75 
 
a) Storage and warehouse services 
of goods other than fuel 
transported by pipelines,  
(part of CPC 742)  
 For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
13. ENERGY SERVICES   
A. Services  Incidental  to Mining  
(CPC 883)76 For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
C. Storage and warehouse services 
of fuels transported through 
pipelines  
(part of CPC 742)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
D. Wholesale trade services of 
solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and 
related products  
(CPC 62271)  
and wholesale trade services of 
electricity, steam and hot water  
 For Mode 1  
Unbound for wholesale trade services of electricity, steam and hot water  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
E. Retailing Services of motor fuel  
(CPC 613)  For Mode 1   
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
F. Retail sales of fuel oil, bottled 
gas, coal and wood  
(CPC 63297)  
and retailing services of electricity, 
(non bottled) gas, steam and hot 
water  For Mode 1  
Unbound for retailing services of electricity, (non bottled) gas, steam 
and hot water  
For Retail sales of fuel oil, bottled gas, coal and wood, unbound except 
for mail order where: none  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
G. Services  incidental  to energy 
distribution  
(CPC 887)  For Mode 1  
Unbound except for consultancy services where: none  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
75 Services auxiliary to pipeline transportation of fuels are to be found in ENERGY SERVICES under  
13.C.  
76 Includes the following service rendered on a fee or contract basis: advisory and consulting services 
relating to mining, on land site prep aration, on land rig installation, drilling, drilling bits services, casing and 
tubular services, mud engineering and supply, solids control, fishing and downhole special operations, wellsite 
geology and drilling control, core taking, well testing, wirelin e services, supply and operation of completion 
fluids (brines) supply and installation of completion devices, cementing (pressure pumping), stimulation 
services (fracturing, acidising and pressure pumping), workover and well repair services, plugging and 
abandoning of wells. Does not include direct access to or exploitation of natural resources. Does not include 
site preparation work for mining of resources other than oil and gas (CPC 5115), which is to be found under 3. 
CONSTRUCTION SERVICES.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 39 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
14. OTHER SERVICES NOT 
INCLUDED ELSEWHERE  
  
a) Washing,  Cleaning  and Dyeing 
services  
(CPC 9701)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
b) Hairdressing services  
(CPC 97021)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
c) Cosmetic treatment, manicuring 
and pedicuring services  
(CPC 97022)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
d) Other  beauty  treatment services 
n.e.c 
(CPC 97029)  For Mode 1  
Unbound  
 
For Mode 2  
None 
 
e) Spa services and  non 
therapeutical  massages, to the 
extent that they are provided as 
relaxation physical well -being 
services and not for  medical or 
rehabilitation purposes77  
(CPC ver. 1.0 97230)  
 For Mode 1  
Unbound   
 
For Mode 2  
None 
g) Telecommunications connection 
services (CPC 7543)  For Modes 1 and 2  
None 
 
 
_______________  
 
  
 
77 Therapeutic al massages and thermal cure services are to be found under 1.A.h) Medical services, 
1.A.j) 2 Services provided by nurses, physiotherapists and para -medical personnel and health services (8.A 
and 8 C).  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 40 - 
 
  ANNEX C  
RESERVATIONS ON BUSINESS VISITORS FOR ESTABLISHMENT PURPOSES,  
INTRA -CORPORATE TRANSFEREES AND SERVICE SELLERS   
(REFERRED TO IN HEADNOTE SECTIONS 2 AND 3)  
1. The list of reservations below indicates the services liberalised by the UK pursuant to Headnote 
Section 2 for which limitations on business visitors for establishment purposes, intra - corporate 
transferees and service sellers in accordance with Headnote Section 3 apply and specifies su ch 
limitations. The lists are composed of the following elements:  
 
a. A first column indicating the sector or sub -sector in which limitations apply.  
b. A second column describing the applicable limitations.  
2. The UK does not undertake any commitment for business visitors for establishment purposes, 
intra-corporate transferees or service sellers in services which are not liberalised (remain unbound) 
pursuant to Headnote Section 2.  
 
3. In identifying individual sectors and sub -sectors:  
 
a. CPC means the Central P roducts Classification as set out in Statistical Office of the United 
Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No 77, CPC prov, 1991.  
b. CPC ver. 1.0 means the Central Products Classification as set out in Statistical Office of 
the United Nations, Statistical P apers, Series M, No 77, CPC ver. 1.0, 1998.  
4. Commitments on business visitors for establishment purposes, intra -corporate transferees or 
service sellers do not apply in cases where the intent or effect of their temporary presence is to 
interfere with or oth erwise affect the outcome of any labour/management dispute or negotiation.  
 
5. The list below does not include measures relating to qualification requirements and 
procedures, technical standards and licensing requirements and procedures, and measures 
regardin g employment, work and social security conditions when they do not constitute a market 
access or a national treatment limitation. Those measures (e.g. need to obtain a license, need to 
obtain recognition of qualifications in regulated sectors, need to pass  specific examinations, including 
language examinations, need to have a legal domicile in the territory where the economic activity is 
performed, need to comply with national regulations and practices concerning minimum wages and 
with collective wage agree ments in the host country), even if not listed, apply in any case to business 
visitors for establishment purposes, intra -corporate transferees or service sellers of the LDC 
Members investors.  
 
6. In accordance with Headnote Section 1.4 above, the list below d oes not include measures 
concerning subsidies granted by the UK.  
 
7. The list below is without prejudice to the existence of public monopolies and exclusive rights 
as described in the list of commitments on establishment.  
 
8. In those sectors where economic need s tests are applied, their main criteria will be the 
assessment of the relevant market situation in the UK or the region where the service is to be 
provided, including with respect to the number of, and the impact on, existing services suppliers.  
 
9. The righ ts and obligations arising from this list of reservations shall have no self -executing 
effect and thus confer no rights directly to individual natural persons or juridical persons.  
  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 41 - 
 
   
Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
1. BUSINESS SERVICES   
E. Rental/Leasing  Services without 
Operators  
  
e) Relating to personal and 
household goods  
(CPC 832)  
 Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
f) Telecommunications equipment 
rental  
(CPC 7541)  
 Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
F. Other Business Services  
  
l) 3. Maintenance and Repair of 
motor vehicles, motorcycles, 
snowmobiles and road transport 
Equipment  
(CPC 6 112, CPC 6122, part of 
CPC 8867 and part of CPC  8868)  
 For maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and 
snowmobiles, nationality condition for specialists and for graduate 
trainees  
l) 5. Maintenance and Repair 
services of metal products, of (non 
office) machinery, of (non 
transport and non  office) 
equipment and of personal and 
household  goods78 
(CPC 633, CPC 7545, CPC  8861,  
CPC 8862,  CPC 8864,  CPC 8865 
and CPC  8866)  
 Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
r) 5. Duplicating services  
(CPC 87904)79 
 Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES  
  
A. Maritime transport  
  
a) International  passenger 
transportation  
(CPC 7211 less national cabotage 
transport)  
b) International  freight 
transportation  
(CPC 7212 less national cabotage 
transport)80 
Nationality condition for ships' 
crews.  
 Nationality condition for ships ' crews  
 
78 Maintenance and repair services of transport equipme nt (CPC 6112, CPC 6122,  CPC 8867 and 
CPC 8868) are to be found under 1.F. l) 1 to 1.F.l) 4. Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and 
equipment including computers (CPC 845) are to be found under 1.B. Computer services.  
79 Does not include pri nting services, which fall under CPC 88442 and are to be found under 1.F p)  
80 Includes feedering services and movement of equipment by international maritime transport suppliers 
between ports located in the UK when no revenue is involved.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 42 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
12. SERVICES AUXILIARY TO 
TRANSPORT81 
  
A. Services  auxiliary  to Maritime 
Transport  
 
a) Maritime Cargo Handling 
Services  
b) Storage and warehousing 
Services  
(part of CPC 742)  
c) Customs  Clearance Services  
d) Container  Station  and Depot 
Services  
e) Maritime Agency Services  
f) Maritime  Freight Forwarding 
Services  
g) Rental  of Vessels  with Crew  
(CPC 7213)  
h) Pushing  and towing services  
(CPC 7214)  
i) Supporting  services  for maritime 
transport  
(part of CPC 745)  
j) Other  supporting  and auxiliary 
services  
(part of CPC 749)  
 Nationality condition for crews for pushing, towing services, and for 
supporting services for maritime transport  
 
B. Services  auxiliary  to internal 
waterways transport  
e) Pushing  and towing services  
(CPC 7224)  
f) Supporting  services  for 
internal waterway transport  
(part of CPC 745)  
 Nationality condition for crews  
14. OTHER SERVICES NOT 
INCLUDED ELSEWHERE  
  
a) Washing,  Cleaning  and Dyeing 
services  
(CPC 9701)  
 Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
b) Hairdressing  services  
(CPC 97021)  
 Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
 
c) Cosmetic treatment, manicuring 
and pedicuring services  
(CPC 97022)  
 Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
 
 
d) Other  beauty  treatment services 
n.e.c 
(CPC 97029)  
 Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
 
 
81 Does not include maintenance and repair services of transport equipment, which are to be found in 
BUSINESS SERVICES under 1.F.l) 1 to 1.F.l) 4.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 43 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
e) Spa  services  and non 
therapeutical  massages,  to the  
extent   that they are provided  as 
relaxation physical well -being 
services and not  for medical  or 
rehabilitation purposes82  
(CPC ver. 1.0 97230)  Nationality condition for specialists and for graduate trainees  
 
 
 
_______________  
 
 
  
 
82 Therapeutical massages and thermal cure services are to be found under 1.A.h) Medical services, 
1.A.j) 2 Services provi ded by nurses, physiotherapists and para -medical personnel and health services (8.A 
and 8.C).  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 44 - 
 
  ANNEX D  
RESERVATIONS ON CONTRACTUAL SERVICES SUPPLIERS AND INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONALS 
(REFERRED TO IN HEADNOTE SECTIONS 2, 3 AND 4)  
1. The list of reservations below indicates the services sectors liberalised by the UK pursuant to 
Headnote Sections 4.1 (Contractual Services Suppliers) and 4.2 (Independent Professionals) above 
and the specific discriminatory limitations which apply thereto . The lists are composed of the 
following elements:  
 
a. A first column indicating the sector or sub -sector in which limitations apply.  
b. A second column describing the applicable limitations.  
2. When no specific limitations, other than those specified, apply to bo th contractual service 
suppliers and independent professionals, "none" is inscribed.  
 
3. In identifying individual sectors and sub -sectors, CPC means the Central Products 
Classification as set out in Statistical Office of the United Nations, Statistical Paper s, Series M, No  77, 
CPC prov , 1991.  
 
4. The list below does not include measures relating to qualification requirements and 
procedures, technical standards and licensing requirements and procedures, and measures 
regarding employment, work and social security conditions when they do not constitute a 
discriminatory limitation within the meaning of Headnote Sections 4.1 (Contractual Services 
Suppliers) and 4.2 (Independent Professionals)  above. Those measures (e.g. need to obtain a 
license, need to obtain recogni tion of qualifications in regulated sectors, need to pass specific 
examinations, including language examinations, need to have a legal domicile where the activity is 
performed, need to comply with national regulations and practices concerning minimum wages  and 
with collective wage agreements in the host country), even if not listed, apply in any case to 
contractual services suppliers and independent professionals of the LDC Member.  
 
5. In accordance with Headnote Section 1.4 above, the list below does not incl ude measures 
concerning subsidies granted by the UK.  
 
6. The list below is without prejudice to the existence of public monopolies and exclusive rights 
as described in the list of commitments on establishment.  
 
7. In those sectors where economic needs tests are applied, their main criteria will be the 
assessment of the relevant market situation in the UK or the region where the service is to be 
provided, including with respect to the number of, and the impact on, existing services suppliers.  
 
8. The rights and oblig ations arising from this list of reservations shall have no self -executing 
effect and thus confer no rights directly to individual natural persons or juridical persons.  
 
9. Commitments on contractual services suppliers and independent professionals do not app ly in 
cases where the intent or effect of their temporary presence is to interfere with or otherwise affect 
the outcome of any labour/management dispute or negotiation.  
 
  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 45 - 
 
   
Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
Legal Advisory Services in respect of 
public international law and foreign 
law (i.e. non - UK law)  
(part of CPC 861)83 
 None 
Accounting and Bookkeeping Services  
(CPC 86212 other than "auditing 
services", CPC 86213, CPC 86219 and 
CPC 86220)  
 None 
Taxation Advisory Services  
(CPC 863)84 
 None 
Architectural services and  
Urban planning and landscape 
architectural services  
(CPC 8671 and CPC 8674)  
 None 
Engineering services  
And Integrated  engineering services  
(CPC 8672 and CPC 8673)  
 None 
Computer and Related Services  
(CPC 84)  
 Economic needs test  
Research  and Development Services  
(CPC 851, CPC 852 excluding  
psychologists services85, CPC 853) 
 A hosting agreement with an approved research organisation is 
required  
Advertising  
(CPC 871) 
 None 
Market Research and Opinion Polling  
(CPC 864)  
 None 
Management Consulting Services  
(CPC 865)  
 None 
Services Related to Management 
Consulting  
(CPC 866)  
 None 
Technical Testing and Analysis 
Services  
(CPC 8676)  
 None 
 
83 Includes legal advisory, legal representational, legal arbitration and conciliation/mediation, and legal 
documentation and certification services. Provision of legal services is only authorised in respect of public 
international law and the law of any juri sdiction where the investor or its personnel is qualified to practise as a 
lawyer, and, like the provision of other services, is subject to licensing requirements and procedures applicable 
in the UK. For lawyers providing legal services in respect of publi c international law and foreign law, these may 
take inter alia the form of compliance with local codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recognition with UK 
title has been obtained) insurance requirements, simple registration with the UK regulators or a  simplified 
admission to  practise in the UK through an aptitude test and a legal or professional domicile in the UK. Legal 
services in respect of the law of the UK or the relevant jurisdiction shall in principle be carried out by or 
through a fully qualif ied lawyer admitted to practise in that jurisdiction and acting personally. Full admission to 
practise in the relevant jurisdiction of the UK might therefore be necessary for representation before courts and 
other competent authorities in the UK since it i nvolves practice of national procedural law.  
84 Does not include legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters, which are to be 
found under Legal Advisory Services in respect of public international law and foreign law.  
85 Part of CPC 852 01, which is to be found under Medical and dental services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 46 - 
 
  Sector or sub -sector  Description of reservations  
Related Scientific and Technical 
Consulting Services  
(CPC 8675)  
 None 
Maintenance and repair of vessels  
(part of CPC 8868)  
 Economic needs test  
Maintenance and repair of rail 
transport equipment  
(part of CPC 8868)  
 None 
Maintenance and repair of motor 
vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles 
and road transport equipment  
(CPC 6112, CPC 6122, part of  
CPC 8867 and part of CPC 8868)  
 Economic needs test for maintenance and repair of motor 
vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles (CPC 6112, CPC 6122, part of 
CPC 8867)  
Maintenance  and repair of aircraft and 
parts thereof  
(part of CPC 8868)  
 None 
Maintenance and repair of metal 
products, of (non office) machinery, of 
(non transport  and non office) 
equipment and of personal and 
household goods86  
(CPC 633,  CPC 7545,  CPC 8861,  
CPC 8862, CPC 8864, CPC 8865  
and CPC 8866)  
 None 
Translation  and Interpretation 
Services  
(CPC 87905, excluding official or 
certified activities)  None 
Site investigation work  
(CPC 5111)  
 None 
Environmental services  
(CPC 940187, CPC 9402, CPC  9403,  
CPC 940488, part of CPC  94060 89, 
CPC 9405, part of  CPC 9406, 
CPC 9409)  
 None 
 
 
_______________  
  
 
86 Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers (CPC 845) 
are to be found under Computer services.  
87 Corresponds to sewage services.  
88 Corresponds to Cleani ng Services of Exhaust Gases.  
89 Corresponds to parts of Nature and Landscape Protection Services.  S/C/N/1038  
 
- 47 - 
 
  ENQUIRY POINT  
 
 
UNITED KINGDOM  Department for International Trade  
Trade Policy Group  
Policy Directorate  
3 Whitehall Place  
Whitehall  
London SW1A 2AH  
United Kingdom  
Telephone:  (+44) 20 7215 0448  
E-mail: tradeinservices@trade.gov.uk  
Internet: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department -for-
international -trade  
 
 
 
 
__________