SZNS 012:201 2  
  
 ICS 27.060.20                  Edition 1  
                                    
SWAZILAND NATIONAL STANDARD  
      
Appliances operating on liquefied  
Petroleum  gas – safety aspects  
                
  
 
 
 
 
   
  
Published by: Eswatini  Standards Authority  
SmithCo Building, 2nd Floor, 11th Street King Mswati III Avenue West  
P. O. Box 1399, Matsapha, Kingdom of Eswatini    
Telephone: +268 2518 4633, Facsimile: +268 2518 4526   
Website: www.swasa.co.sz   
 E-mail: info@swasa.co.sz      
         ©Eswatini  Standards Authority 201 2   
 SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
ii     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
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 SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   iii 
 Table of changes  
  
Clause Changed   Date  Change   
Clause 4  2010  Delete clause 4 ‘Legal notice’  
  
NATIONAL FOREWORD  
This Eswatini  National Standard was prepared by SWASA/TC 19  Gas and gas appliances , in 
accordance with procedures of the Eswatini  Standards Authority, in compliance with Annex 3 
of the WTO/TBT Agreement.  This national standard is a modified implementation of SANS 
1539:2008, Edition 1 and is adopted with the permission of the South African Bureau of 
Standards (SABS).  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
iv     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  Contents           Page  
1 Scope ................................. ............................. ........... ...................... .................... .......................  1  
2 Normative reference ...................................................................... .............. ........ .......... ............. 1  
3 Definitions............................................... .................. .................................... .......................... ... 2 
4 Requiremen ts applicable to allappliances .................................................................. ................. 5 
5  Specific requirements ....................................................................................... .......................... 7  
6 Additional requirements (for specific appliances and components) .................... ....................  12  
7 Inspection and methods of test ............................................................................ .......... .......... ..20  
8 Packing and marking ........................................................................................... .................... ..27  
Annex A  (informative) The distribution, use, installation and operation  of LPG appliances..... 32  
Annex  B (informative) Quality verification of LPG appliances................................... ......... .......35  
Annex C  (informative) Recommended installation requirements for decorativ e fire  
equipment ............... ........................................ ..............................................................................  36  
Annex D  (normative) Safe connecting instructions or regulator to cylinder ...... .......................... 37  
Annex E  (normative) Vent free heater installation requirements with speci fic reference ………38  
Bibliography  ................................................................................................. ................. ............. 40  
 
 
 
 SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   1 
 Appliances operating on liquefied petroleum gas — Safety aspects  
1 Scope  
This specification covers the safety aspects of appliances that operate on liquefied petroleum gas at 
a consumption rate not exceeding 10 kg/h and used in conjunction with refillable petroleum gas 
(LPG) cylinders.   
It also covers the safety aspects where applicable of appliances that operate on natural gas.   
2 Normative references  
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute 
provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any re ference to a standard 
is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this 
standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards 
indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained 
from SWASA Standards Division.  
BS 3212 , Specification for flexible rubber tubing, rubber hose and rubber hose assemblies for use in 
LPG vapour phase and LPG/air installations.  
SANS 199 (SABS 199) , Cylinder shut -off valves for liquefied petroleum gas.  
SANS 1067 -1, Copper -based fittings for copper tubes – Part 1: Compression fittings.  
SANS 1067 -2, Copper -based fittings for copper tubes – Part 2: Capillary solder fittings.  
SANS 1109 -1/ISO 7 -1, Pipe threads where pressure -tight joints are made on the threads – Part 
1:Dimensions, tolerances and designation.  
SANS 1109 -2/ISO 7 -2, Pipe threads where pressure -tight joints are made on the threads – Part 
2:Verification by means of limit gauges.  
SANS 1156 -2, Hose for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) – Part 2: Hose and tubing for use in LPG 
vapour phase and LPG -air installations.  
SANS 1 237, Single -stage regulators for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).  
SANS 1774 , Liquefied petroleum gases.  
SANS 7253/ISO 7253 , Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to neutral salt spray (fog).    
SANS 10087 -1, The handling, storage, distribution  and maintenance of liquefied petroleum gas in 
domestic, commercial, and industrial installations – Part 1: Liquefied petroleum gas installations 
involving gas storage containers of individual water capacity not exceeding 500 L and a combined 
water capacit y not exceeding 3 000 L per installation.  
SANS 60335 -1/IEC 60335 -1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General 
requirements .  
 
 SZNS 012:201 2  
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2     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  3 Definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:  
3.1  
acceptable   
acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase 
contract, as relevant  
3.2 
appliance  
complete operating unit that uses LPG as operational fuel  
3.3  
atmospheric sensing device  
oxygen depletion device  intend to shut down the appliance in the event that the oxygen content in 
the room in which the appliance is installed reaches a preset minimum level   
3.4  
combustion circuit  
circuit within instantaneous water heaters, comprising the air supply circuit, combustion chamber, 
heat exchanger and combustion products circuit up to and including the deflector or flue outlet as 
applicable to the appliance type   
3.5  
combustion p roducts discharge safety device  
flue sensor heat or other sensing device that shuts d own the appliance in the event of an 
unacceptable spillage of combustion products from the draught diverter of an instantaneous water 
heater used with a flue   
3.6  
deflector   
part of an un -flued instantaneous water heater that is intended to deflect the combustion products 
away from the wall against which it is installed   
3.7   
draft hood  
fitting or device placed in, and made part of the flue pipe from an appliance or in the appliance itself, 
which is designed to:  
a) ensure the ready escape of the product s of combustion in the event of no draft, back draft, or 
stoppage beyond the draft hood;  
b) prevent a back draft from entering the appliance; and  
c) neutralize the effect of stack action of the chimney flue upon the operation of the appliance   
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 3.8  
draught diverter  
part of an instantaneous water heater, placed in the combustion products circuit to reduce the 
influence of up -draught, and to prevent that of downdraught on the stability of the burner flames 
and on combustion  
3.9  
drop in gas grate  
gas gr ate which is installed in an open hearth plinth   
3.10   
flame -failure device  
safety device that is permanently installed in the appliance and is used to automatically shut off  the 
gas supply to a burner when the flame of that burner becomes extinguished   
3.11   
flash fire  
uncontrolled vapour cloud explosion   
3.12   
flash tube  
ignition tube used to ignite a burner that is situated in a position where it cannot be ignited by hand 
easily  
3.13   
gas manifold  
common supply pipe or chamber into which tapings are made to supply gas to a number of burners 
and that may be fitted with gas control valves to shut off or to regulate the rate of flow of the gas to 
the individual burners  
3.14   
gas-pressure regulator  
device that automatically regulates, to a predetermined value, the outlet pressure of the gas that passes 
through it  
3.15  
gas supply pressure  
gas operating pressure to which the appliance is subjected. It can be derived from one of the following 
supply t ypes:  
– controlled supply not exceeding 5 kPa;  
– controlled supply exceeding 5 kPa but not exceeding 100 kPa;  
– supply that is obtained direct from the cylinder (i.e. without the use of a regulator)  SZNS 012:201 2  
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  3.16   
instantaneous water heater   
appliance where the heating of water is directly and instantly dependant on the water draw -off rate  
3.17   
jet  
component that has a specific size of orifice (see 3.21), that acts as the main gas injector to a particular 
burner and that may or may not be replaceable for the purpose of maintenance   
3.18   
liquefied petroleum gas  
LPG  
mixture of light hydrocarbons (predominantly propane and butane) that is gaseous under conditions 
of ambient temperature and pressure, and that is maintained in the liquid state by an increase of 
pressure or a lowering of temperature  
3.19   
mixing tube  
part of an aerated burner in which the air and the gas are mixed  
3.20   
operating pressure  
gas pressure for which the appliance is designed and that is marked on the appliance      
          
3.21   
orifice  
accurately drilled hole in a jet, which functions  as a metering device to control the gas consumption 
of a burner and also acts as a directional guide for the gas injected into the burner throat  
3.22   
permanent air  
continuous supply of air through an open vent (for example an open air brick)  
3.23  
permanent ventilation  
opening to the outside atmosphere which is fixed in the open position   
3.24    
pilot burner  
burner, independent of, and small in relation to, the main burner, that  SZNS 012:201 2  
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 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   5 
 a) provides a small flame to relight the flame of the main burner when this flame becomes 
extinguished or when the operation of this flame is disrupted (intermittently operating burners, for 
example, oven burners), and  
b) provides a signal for the operation of the flame -failure device, where such a device is 
incorporated in the appliance   
3.25   
regular tools  
any type of regular pliers, screwdriver or adjustable spanner  
3.26 roll about heater  
wheeled and mobile space hea ter in which the gas cylinder is fitted in a position within the confines 
of the heater body and remains within the appliance when in use   
3.27   
room sealed appliance  
appliance in which the combustion circuit is sealed to the room in which it is install ed may also be 
referred to as a balanced flue appliance           
 3.28   
secondary flue  
flue that is used to direct the flue gas to the outside of the building  
3.29  
vent free heater  
permanently installed space heater where there is no flue to remove c ombustion emissions   
4 Requirements applicable to all appliances  
The appropriate of the following requirements shall apply to all appliances, in conjunction with the 
appropriate of the specific requirements given in clauses 5 and 6.  
4.1 All burners shall:  
a) be readily accessible for cleaning,  
b) be easily replaceable in the correct position, when intended to be removed for cleaning, and  
c) include a safe and easy method of adjustment when so required for the correct operation of the 
burner.  
4.2  If the operating pressure of the appliance is such that a regulator of capacity in excess of 2,8 kPa  
is required, then, if the appliance is sold through a normal retail outlet, the appliance shall be    
furnished with an additional label stating the need for such special regulators (see 8.3(s)).  
4.3  The maximum design consumption shall be marked on the appliance (see 8.2(a) (3)).  
4.4  All appliances and components of appliances shall have a smooth finish. Cut edges shall be free 
from burrs and sharp protrusions  that could easily injure the user. Component parts shall not be 
buckled or warped. Holding brackets of components shall be finished in a way that will ensure 
that the component can be securely fitted in its normal operating position.  SZNS 012:201 2  
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  4.5  Any thermostat shal l:  
a) include a by -pass that, during operation, maintains continuous combustion at the burner; or  
b) not shut off the gas supply to the pilot burner during operation; or  
c) where an electronic controlled mechanism is used have a means of automatic ignition .  
4.6 Any pilot burner shall remain alight, at all thermostat settings and at all manual control positions 
and when the corresponding burner control is turned "on" and "off" at reasonable speed.  
4.7 Flash tubes and cross -light burners shall be positively located.   
4.8 Pilot burners, igniters and flame sensors shall be positively located.  
4.9 Burner mixing tubes shall be properly and positively located in relation to injectors.  
4.10 Burner supports shall be stable. For boiling tables the ring burner(s) shall be securely held in 
position by mechanical means, preferably by a support placed underneath the burner(s). Such 
support shall determine the position of the burners in a multi burn er set -up.  
4.11 Burner caps shall be positively located.  
4.12 The gas manifold shall be firmly fixed.  
4.13 The appliance shall be gas -tight.  
4.14 A flame -failure device shall cut off the gas supply to the corresponding burner within 1 min 
after disruption of the flame.  
4.15 When lit, a main burner shall ignite promptly and quietly within 5 s. For ring burners, the 
same ignition time shall apply, when tested in accordance with 7.18.  
4.16 When ignition is delayed in a manually ignited burner for 4 s after the appropriate gas supply 
valve has been opened, the burner shall:  
a) ignite completely;  
b) remain alight;  
c) not flash back;  
d) not burn outside the appliance;  
e) not cause any other burner to be extinguished; and  
f) by virtue of its ignition, not cause any damage to the appliance.  
4.17 A burner( s) with fixed turndown settings shall burn in a stable manner and shall not be 
extinguished when turned at reasonable speed from full -on to turndown and vice versa.  
4.18 The flame of a pilot burner shall remain stable when the gas controls of the corresponding  
main burner are turned "on" and "off" at reasonable speed.  
4.19 Except for slight fluctuations within acceptable limits, the operation, ignition or adjustment 
of one burner shall not affect the operation of any other burner.  
4.20 Ignition of any burner shall be capable of being carried out easily and safely and without the 
likelihood of injury to the operator's hand.  
4.21 The point of ignition of a burner shall be readily accessible and shall be described in the 
instruction  manual. (S ee also 8.3(h).)  SZNS 012:201 2  
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 4.22 Hoses shall be secured to end fittings by means of swageing, crimping or the use of clips (for 
example Jubilee clamp or "O" clips).  
5 Specific requirements   
5.1 Stability of appliances (excluding appliances that are intended to be built -in)   
The appliance shall be of such overall size, mass and general design that, when it is tested in 
accordance with 7.3,  
a) it does not topple over,  
b) where the appliance is int ended for cooking purposes, the pot placed on the cooking surface does 
not slip off,  
c) when the gas cylinder is intended to be fitted inside the body of the appliance or attached to the 
body in any other way, the gas cylinder does not become dislodged, and  
d) where appliances are designed with folding or removable legs, they shall be of such design that the 
legs shall be locked in the open or assembled position to prevent the appliance from collapsing 
while in use. (See 7.3 and 7.4)        
5.2 Attachment of co mponents  
Replaceable components shall be designed to fit in a way that will not result in a hazardous operating 
condition. Permanently fitted components shall be of an acceptable rigid construction, fixed in a way 
suitable for the duty they have to perfor m and firmly fixed to the body of the appliance.  
5.3 Ease of fitting  
The method of mounting of all components that are intended to be detached for the purpose of 
cleaning or replacement (such as cooking tops, glass covers for lamps, heater shades, holding 
brackets, burners and jets) shall be such that they can be easily det ached and correctly replaced. Such 
detachment or replacement shall be easy to carry out and if tools are required for this purpose, then 
only regular tools shall be involved.  
5.4 Rigidity of stoves, cookers, hotplates (including boiling tables)  
When the appliance is tested in accordance with 7.4, no component shall become dislodged, 
permanently distorted or broken and, at the end of the test, each component (where relevant) shall 
still carry its mating component in an acceptable way.  
5.5 Burners and jets   
5.5.1 Design   
The design of a burner and its jet and their method of installation shall be such that, when the appliance 
is tested in accordance with 7.13, there is no development of soot (except as allowed in 5.7.1(c)).  
5.5.2 Marking of replaceable je ts  
Replaceable jets shall be permanently and indelibly marked with an identification mark that will 
ensure the replacement of the correct size of jet (see 8.2(b)).         
5.5.3 Material for the manufacturing of jets  
Jets shall be manufactured from materi als that have a melting point above 600 °C.  SZNS 012:201 2  
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  5.6 Control of gas supply  
5.6.1 Valves  
5.6.1.1 General  
The following valve requirement shall apply to the rotating type, screwed type, ball type and taper 
type valves. Each type shall be of acceptable constru ction and design.  
5.6.1.2 Operation 5.6.1.2.1 Rotating valves  
A rotating valve shall:  
a) move from the fully closed to the fully open position in less than one full turn, and  
b) be self -locking in the closed position. This requirement is optional if  
1) the valve knob is concealed, or  
2) a flame -failure device is fitted to the appropriate burner of the appliance, or     3) the valve is spring -
loaded to return to the closed position.  
5.6.1.2.2 Screw -type valves  
A screw -type valve shall, with the aid of a d urable fine -pitch thread on the spindle, allow for fine 
adjustment of the valve.  
5.6.1.2.3 Ball valves and taper -plug valves  
A ball valve and taper -plug valve shall move from the fully open position to fully closed in a quarter 
turn.  
5.6.2 Leakage resis tance  
When the design of the appliance requires the valve to be under pressure in the closed position, the 
design of the valve shall be such that, when the valve is tested in accordance with 7.8, it does not leak.  
5.6.3 Gas -pressure regulators  
An applia nce(s) that involves the use of a pressure regulator shall be marked with the operating 
pressure for which the appliance is designed (see 8.2) and an indication that the appliance is intended 
to be used in conjunction with an applicable regulator (see 8.3) .  
NOTE In this case one has to ensure that the appliance is operated in conjunction with a gas -pressure regulator 
marked with the same pressure rating. Operation of this appliance without the appropriate regulator i.e. directly 
connected to the cylinder or cylinder hose, can lead to hazardous conditions and should never be attempted.      
A gas -pressure regulator fitted to an appliance shall:  
a) have a gas -flow rating appropriate to the total consumption of the appliance,  
b) in the case of a low -pressure regul ator, comply with the requirements of SANS 1237,  
c) in the case of a high -pressure regulator, comply with the requirements of an acceptable standard, 
in respect of its gas flow rate and pressure setting,   
d) not include a safety relief valve (in the valve body  or valve diaphragm), except that, when the 
appliance is installed in a permanent position on the inside of a building or caravan, a safety relieve 
valve may be fitted, but in that case,      
1) the safety relief valve shall be permanently connected (by means of a tube/hose/pipe) to the  
outside of the  building or the caravan that houses the appliance, or  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   9 
 2) the regulator (that embodies the safety relief valve) shall be isolated in a way that will prevent 
any gas escaping from it from entering the building or ca ravan, and  
e) be capable of being easily and directly coupled to the gas cylinder without the use of special  
adaptors.  
5.6.4 Operating levers and knobs  
All levers and knobs that are intended to be handled during the operation of the appliance shall  
a) after 1 h of continuous operation of the appliance, the operating lever or knob can still be easily 
operated,   
b) fit on their mating spindle in an acceptably secure way,  
c) not be capable of being inadvertently detached,  
d) in the case of flow -control valves, if capable of being removed, be easily removed and refitted in 
the correct way,      
e) be readily accessible and easy to operate,  
f) have markings (symbols) applied in an acceptable way and in an easily observable position, 
indicating the setting of the valve (when appropriate, in relation to markings on the appliance). 
Where no such markings are shown the markings shall be addressed in  the instruction leaflet or 
book, and  
g) be of such material, construction and design that  
1) when the appliance is tested in accordance with the appropriate procedure given in 7.12, the 
operating  levers and knobs do not break off  the spindle but still opera te the valve to which it is 
attached, and  
2) when the appliance has been tested in accordance with 7.10, be capable of being easily 
touched by hand, without any serious discomfort (for example, due to high temperature).   
5.7 Flame quality  
5.7.1 General  
Whe n the appliance is tested in accordance with 7.5.2 and 7.5.3,  
a) the flame shall ignite immediately,  
b) the stability of the flame shall be such that there is no lifting, floating or flash back,  
c) there is no visible soot (except in the case of decorative appli ances, where minor powdery deposits 
will be  allowed), and  
d) there is no objectionable odour.  
5.7.2 Appliances fitted with doors or covers  
When the appliance is fitted with doors or covers, all burner flames shall remain stable when the door 
or cover is opened or closed at normal speed  
5.8 Primary air intake  
5.8.1 Fixed primary air intake  
When the appliance is tested in accordance with 7.6(a), a fixed primary air intake shall have been so 
set by the manufacturer that the flame operates effectively and in a stable way.  SZNS 012:201 2  
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10     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  5.8.2 Adjustable primary air intake  
5.8.2.1 Construction  
The component s of a primary air intake adjuster shall  
a) be of a material that will ensure a robust construction, and  
b) when threaded, have threads of acceptable design strength, pitch and mating dimensions.  
5.8.2.2 Performance of primary air intake adjuster  
When the ap pliance is tested in accordance with 7.6(b), a primary air intake adjuster shall  
a) fit hand -tight and in such a way that it will not easily become unadjusted after being adjusted to 
the correct setting,  
b) be so positioned in relation to the flame that it can  be safely adjusted by hand without burning the     
hand,  
c) have ports of sufficient size, quantity and position that the flame can be adjusted effectively for     
stable operation, and  
d) be so designed that the aeration port(s) cannot, during adjustment, be  shut off completely.  
NOTE Ring burners do not have to comply with clause 5.8.2.2 (d).  
5.9 Stability of flame against draught  
The appliance shall be so designed (and fitted with a draught protector, where necessary) that when 
it is tested in accordance with 7.7, the flame is not extinguished or moved to a position that makes 
the operation of the appliance ineffective or unsafe.  
5.10 Leak -tightness and strength of construction of components  
The quality and construction of all components that carry gas under pressure, and the way that the 
components are interconnected within, and connected to, the appliance shall be such that, whe n the 
appliance is tested in accordance with  
a) 7.8, there is no leakage of gas, and  
b) 7.9, no component is warped or broken.                 
5.11 Gas pipelines   
5.11.1 Material  
Except as provided for in 6.14.3 and the flexible connection between the gas cyl inder and the 
appliance, all gas supply lines shall be of intrinsically corrosion -resistant metal, or otherwise so 
protected on the outside with an acceptable coating of such quality that, when tested in accordance 
with SANS 7253 for 150 h there shall be n o sign of pitting or penetration of the metal visible to the 
naked eye.   
5.11.2 Non -metallic tubes and hoses  
Non-metallic tubes and hoses shall comply with the relevant requirements of SANS 1156 -2 or BS 
3212. Tubes and hoses near heated areas shall be so positioned and so protected that, when an 
appliance is tested in accordance with 8.8 and 8.10, the tubes and h oses do not leak, swell, become 
tacky to the touch, or become so damaged as to render the appliance unsafe for use.  SZNS 012:201 2  
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 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   11 
 5.11.3 Brass tubes and fittings  
Brass tubes and fittings used in an appliance shall, when tested in accordance with 7.11, not show 
any sea sonal cracking.  
5.11.4 Joints in metallic gas pipes within the appliance  
Joints in metallic pipes shall be made by means of  
a) mechanical fasteners that comply with SANS 1067 -1;  
b) capillary joints that comply with SANS 1067 -2 and are joined in a manner as given in annex C of  
SANS  1067 -2:2005, or  
c) glued joints of such quality and design that when a joint is tested in accordance with 7.17, the  
joint does  not leak or become unstuck .   
NOTE Capillary joints using soft solder are not allowed.  
5.12 Flame -failure device  
5.12.1 Installation  
When so required for the acceptable operation of a specific appliance given in clause 7, the appliance shall 
be fitted with a flame -failure device .  
5.12.2 Operation  
Each individual burner shall be controlled by a flame -failure device, except that  
a) where burners are so close to each other that one is lit by the other, then one flame -failure 
device is sufficient; and    
b) the time required for the fla me-failure device to open (and remain open) after the flame has 
been  lit shall not exceed 15 s. The device shall incorporate a manually operated bypass that will 
allow for the ignition of the burner.  
5.13 Oven thermostats  
Oven thermostats shall be of such quality that, when a thermostat is tested in accordance with 7.16, 
there is no failure of any operating part during the test and at the end of the test, the thermostat still 
operates in an acceptable way.  
5.14 Pilot burne r  
a) Where fitted, the gas supply to pilot burners shall be directly linked to a flame -failure device.  
b) Thermostatically controlled burners that include total shut -off as part of the control function, shall, 
in addition to a flame -failure device (see 5.12), incorporate a pilot burner that relights the main 
burner when the gas supply to the main burner is automatically reopened.   
5.15 Method of ignition of appliances  
If the appliance is not supplied with an automatic or a manually operated ignition mechanism , it shall 
be capable of being easily lit by means of a match, without burning the operator's hand, and without 
hazardous flash -fire or the need to dismantle any permanently fixed component parts of the appliance.  
5.16 Visibility of flame  
Except when an appliance is protected by a flame -failure device (see 5.12), the flame of each burner 
of an appliance shall be detectable by direct visual observation, reflection by a mirror, or other 
acceptable methods of indication.  SZNS 012:201 2  
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12     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  5.17 Joint washers (on detachable co mponents)  
Component parts that are designed to be regularly detached from the gas cylinder or other gas supply 
shall be furnished with a joint washer that cannot become easily dislodged and is held captive on the 
male thread of the component. The quality of rubber joint washers and their method of mounting 
shall comply with the relevant requirements for washers given in SANS 1237. Where washers would 
be in close contact to the heat source, it shall be of an acceptable heat resistant material.  
5.18 Combust ion  
When tested in accordance with 7.13, appliances designed to be used  
a) with a flue, shall have a CO/CO2 mass ratio not exceeding 0,04, and  
b) without a flue, shall have a CO/CO2 mass ratio not exceeding 0,02, except that in the case of roll 
about and vent free space heaters, the CO/CO2 mass ratio shall not exceed 0,01.   
c) ring burners for outdoor use, shall have a CO/CO2 mass ratio not exceeding 0,04.   
5.19 Inlet connections  
The inlet connection of the appliance shall be fixed rigidly in or to the body of the appliance and shall 
incorporate an appropriate and acceptable gas fitting or other types of connection as follows:       
a) for direct -pressure appliances, a threaded male conne ctor that is compatible to SANS 199;  
b) a thread complying with the relevant requirements of SANS 1109 -1 or SANS 1109 -2;                
c) a metal nozzle (see figures 1 and 2);  
d) where the nozzle does not comply to the requirements of figure 1 or 2, the suppl ier shall provide 
the test facility with a toleranced drawing of the nozzle, including the clamping method. The 
nozzle shall be measured for compliance against the drawing provided. The nozzle shall be 
subjected to the tests given in 7.19 and 7.20; and  
e) hose assemblies shall be tested with both PVC and rubber hose. When tested to the requirements 
of 7.20 there shall be no sign of breakage or deformation in the hose and hosetail assembly, and 
the hose connection shall show no sign of:  
1) any leakage of the con nection;  
2) detachment of the assembly;  
3) damage when the hose is removed and internally inspected.  
Where an appliance is connected by means of an inlet metal nozzle, and a flexible tube directly 
connected to the cylinder, both connections shall comply with the relevant of the above.  
5.20 Type of gas  
The appliance shall be designed to operate on a mixture of propane and butane (normally referred to 
as Liquid Petroleum Gas) as required.  
6 Additional requirements (for specific appliances and components)  
6.1 Mobile appliances (wheeled appliances )  
6.1.1 General requirements  
6.1.1.1 A mobile appliance shall allow for the appropriate gas cylinder to be so mounted 
within the confines of the appliance that the cylinder  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   13 
 a) cannot easily become dislodged during normal moving from one spot to another, but  
b) can be easily removed and replaced by the user .  
6.1.1.2 All the relevant operating parts shall be supplied and fitted effectively in the appropriate way.  
6.1.1.3 The gas -control mechanism shall be so situated that it can be easily controlled when so 
required by the user.  
6.1.1.4 The appliance shall include the appropriate gas -pressure regulator (see 2.14) fitted in an 
acceptable way and the connecting hose shall be clamped  at both ends (see also 5.11.2).   
6.1.2 Roll -about heaters  
6.1.2.1 In addition to the general marking specified in 8.2 and 8.3, a roll -about heater shall also carry 
acceptable instructions regarding its safe operation, control and connecting instructions  for the 
regulator on a non -tearable swing tag (see annex D).  
6.1.2.2 A roll -about heater shall include a flame -failure device that operates under the control of a 
pilot flame and thermocouple.  
6.1.2.3 A roll -about heater shall also include an acceptable oxygen -depletion safety device.  
6.1.2.4 If a roll -about heater does not include a positive means for shutting off the gas supply, the 
cylinder valve shall be easily accessible.  
6.2 Appliances with a dr aught diverter fitted in or to the flue  
The inlet to a draught diverter shall not be restricted and the size of the flue shall allow an acceptable 
cross -sectional area for the flue gas.  
6.3 Electrical components  
All electrical components rated in excess  of 40 V, and their method of installation, shall comply with 
the requirements of the relevant compulsory standard for electrical appliances or apparatus. (See 
SANS 60335 -1.)  
6.4 Appliances fitted with doors  
6.4.1 Ignition of oven burner  
The oven burner  shall not be capable of being ignited with the oven door closed, unless it is fitted 
with an electronic ignition and a flame -failure device. (See also 5.12.)  
6.4.2 Oven door windows (where fitted)  
The window shall be of double glass construction, the gl ass being of a type and quality that will 
withstand the heat developed in the oven without becoming cracked or burnt on reaching a surface 
temperature that exceeds 110 °C.  
6.5 Glass covers for lamps  
The glass covers for lamps designed for attachment dire ctly to a cylinder shall be mounted in a way 
that will, when a lamp assembly is tested in accordance with 7.14, prevent any damage to the glass. 
The glass covers for all types of lamps shall be of such quality that, when  a lamp assembly is tested 
in accord ance with 7.15, the glass does not crack or shatter or develop any burnt spots.          
6.6 Heater burners (safety protection)  
The burner of a portable or mobile heater shall be covered with a guard that will prevent   
a) any accidental contact with the burner, and  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
14     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  b) any loose, heated components from becoming dislodged from the heater.   
6.7 Instantaneous water heaters  
6.7.1 General  
6.7.1.1 The water heaters are categorized into several types according to the method of evacuation of 
the combustion products and the admission of the combustion air (see below). The type of water 
heater shall be indicated on either the data plate or by additional  labelling. (See 8.2(d).)  
6.7.1.2 The flue sensor when fitted to an instantaneous water heater shall be subjected to the test as 
given in 7.21. The sensor shall at least shut -off the gas supply to the main burner within 4 min.    
6.7.1.3 The temperature se nsing device (overheat protection) fitted to an instantaneous water heater 
shall be subjected to the test as given in 7.22. The sensor shall shut -off the gas supply to the main 
burner within the nominal value as set by the manufacturer not exceeding 20 % a bove the nominal.  
6.7.1.4 Where a water heater is fitted with a combustion fan it shall be subjected to the test as given 
in  
7.23. The gas supply shall be shut -off to the main burner within 1 min of the fan stopping.  
6.7.2 Requirements for type A instan taneous water heaters  
Type A instantaneous water heaters are appliances with a maximum rated heat input of 42 MJ (11, 7 
kW) primarily for indoor use and are not intended to be connected to a flue or other device for 
evacuating the combustion products to t he outside of the room. This type of appliance is intended for 
short delivery periods only.  
6.7.2.1 Type A instantaneous water heaters shall be fitted with:  
a) a flame -failure device,  
b) an atmospheric sensing device which will shut down the appliance in the event that the air quality 
in the room in which the appliance is installed reaches a preset level of oxygen depletion,  
c) a deflector that is an integral part of the appliance and which is intended to deflect the combustion 
products away from the wall agains t which it is installed, and  
d) a temperature sensing device that will shut down the appliance in the event that the water 
temperature in the heat exchanger reaches a preset limit. This device is factory set by the 
manufacturer.  
6.7.2.2 In addition to the m arking requirements given in clause 8, the following additional markings 
shall apply to type A instantaneous water heaters:  
a) the following information shall be included in the user instructions:  
1) this appliance is fitted with an atmospheric sensing device, and  
2) this appliance may only be used for short delivery periods and may not be used for the purpose 
of    supplying hot water to a shower, bath or washing machine; and  
b) the following information shall be included in the installer instructions:  
1) this appliance may only be installed in a room if the room meets the appropriate ventilation  
requirements   (refer to SANS 10087 -1),and  
2) this appliance shall not be connected to a flue.  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   15 
 6.7.3 Requirements  for type B instantaneous water heaters  
Type B instantaneous water heaters are appliances primarily for indoor use and intended to be 
connected to a flue for evacuating the combustion products to the outside of the building in which 
the appliance is installed and where the combustion air is draw n directly from the room in which the 
appliance is installed.   
6.7.3.1 Type B instantaneous water heaters shall be fitted with  
a) a flame -failure device,  
b) a draught diverter in the combustion products circuit  
c) a combustion products discharge safety device ( flue sensor), which will shut down the appliance 
in the event  of a spillage of combustion products into the room in which the appliance is installed, 
and   
d) a temperature sensing device that will shut down the appliance in the event that the water 
temperat ure in the  heat exchanger reaches a preset limit. This device is factory set by the 
manufacturer.  
  6.7.3.2 Where the appliance is fitted with a fan in the combustion circuit  
a) apart from the provision of air from the air supply circuit, the remainder of the combustion  
products circuit  shall be sealed from the room to prevent the combustion products discharge from 
entering the room, and   
b) the appliance shall be fitted with a me chanism that will shut off the gas supply to the burner in the 
event of  fan failure or a flue blockage or back draft that could cause an overheat situation and 
then 6.7.3.1 (c) shall not apply.   
6.7.3.3 No additional markings are required for type B inst antaneous water heaters.   
6.7.4 Requirements for type C instantaneous water heaters  
Type C instantaneous water heaters are appliances for indoor use where the complete combustion 
circuit is sealed with respect to the room in which it is installed and are  intended to be connected to 
flue or other device for evacuating the combustion products to the outside of the building. 
Combustion air is taken from outside of the building.   
6.7.4.1 Type C instantaneous water heaters shall be fitted with:  
a) a flame -failure device;  
b) an inlet/outlet connection designed to accept the ducts to be fitted to the appliance; and   
c) a temperature sensing device that will shut down the appliance in the event that the water 
temperature in the  heat exchanger reaches a preset limit. T his device is factory set by the 
manufacturer.  
6.7.4.2 Where a fan is fitted in the combustion circuit, a mechanism that will shut off the gas supply 
to the burner in the event of fan failure shall be fitted.  
6.7.4.3 In addition to the marking requiremen ts given in clause 9, the following statement is to be 
included in the appliance installation instructions:  
This appliance is required to be connected to a dual duct flue system incorporating separate paths for 
provision of the combustion air and the exha ust of the combustion products to and from the exterior 
of the building. Note the manufacturer's specific instructions regarding installation of the appliance.   SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
16     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  6.7.5 Requirements for type D instantaneous water heaters  
Type D instantaneous water heaters are appliances intended for outdoor installation only.  
6.7.5.1 Type D instantaneous water heaters shall be fitted with:  
a) a flame -failure device;   
b) a deflector that is an integral part of the appliance, where the appliance is of the type for use 
without a flue,  and which is intended to deflect the combustion products away from the wall 
against which it is installed; and  
c) a temperature sensing device that will shut down the appliance in the event that the water 
temperature in the  heat exchanger reaches a preset limit. This device is factory set by the 
manufacturer.  
6.7.5.2 Where the appliance is fitted with a fan in the combustion circuit, the applia nce shall be fitted 
with a mechanism that will shut off the gas supply to the burner in the event of fan failure.  
6.7.5.3 In addition to the marking requirements given in clause 8, the following additional markings 
shall be applied to type D instantaneous  water heaters:  
a) A label with the words "For outdoor use only" is to be permanently attached to the appliance. 
This label is to be in addition to and separate from other labelling information or markings. The 
wording shall be at least 10 mm in height.  
b) The following information shall be included on the packaging:  
a label with the words "For outdoor use only". This label is to be in addition to and separate from 
other   labelling information or markings. The wording shall be at least 10 mm in height.  
c) A sta tement indicating the following is to be included in the appliance installation instructions:  
     "This appliance shall only be installed in an outside location".    
6.8 Space heaters  
6.8.1 In addition to 6.6, the following requirements shall apply:   
a) if the space heater is intended to be portable, the heater or, if relevant, the cylinder, shall be 
furnished with a   carrying handle that is applied in a position such that the user cannot burn his 
hand;  
b) if the carrying handle is attached to the applianc e, the strength of the attachment shall allow the 
handle to    support a carried mass of 20 kg.  
6.8.2 The control valve shall be directly attached to an integral part of the body of the appliance.  
6.8.3 Where a space heater is installed as a vent free sy stem (this includes decorative fire equipment) 
it shall be fitted with an oxygen depletion device.   
6.8.4 In addition to the additional information requirements specified in 8.3, vent free heaters shall be 
supplied with the following information for users  and installers:  
a) that the appliance shall not be installed in a separately enclosed bathroom;  
b) the minimum room size in which the appliance shall be installed without the provision of free area   
permanent ventilation, and where applicable, the minimum cr oss-sectional area in cm2 free area 
of permanent ventilation shall be indicated (see annex E);  
c) that if the appliance is installed in a bedroom, permanent ventilation shall be supplied at a rate of 
at least 13  cm2 free area per MJ of heat input;  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   17 
 d) a statem ent informing users of the increased levels of moisture in a room associated with the use 
of vent free  space heaters and the action to be taken in respect of this type of occurrence;  
e) warnings in instruction booklets with the following or similar statemen ts:  
  
 
  
  
  
The boxed warnings in 1 and 2 above shall be in bold type not less that 6 mm high. The boxed 
warning in 3 above shall have the wording up to and including "...Poisoning:" in bold type not less 
that 6 mm point high;  
f) a statement advising users and installers of the action to be taken in the event of an unexplained 
shut down;  
g) in the case of a drop in gas grate, specific instruction to the installer on method of installation to 
ensure   sufficient combustion primary air  is supplied.  
SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
18     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  6.9 Commercial ovens  
6.9.1 Appropriate flame -failure device(s) shall be fitted.  
6.9.2 The construction of the unit shall be such as to prevent the accumulation of grease under the 
burner, unless a means of avoiding ignition of the grease i s provided for in the design of the appliance.  
6.9.3 The appliance shall not reflect heat downwards to an extent that will cause damage to 
combustibl e surfaces below the burner(s).                   
6.10 Commercial fryers  
6.10.1 Appropriate flame -failure device(s) shall be fitted.  
6.10.2 If the fryer incorporates a lid that is so fitted that the fryer operates above atmospheric pressure, 
the lid shall be fitted with an acceptable safety relief device. The critical operating press ure of the 
safety relief device shall be given in the technical literature that accompanies the fryer and shall be 
clearly marked on the body of the valve.  
6.10.3 A gas shut -off valve shall be provided for each pan.  
6.10.4 The pan shall incorporate a the rmostat to control the temperature of the oil in the pan.  
6.10.5 The construction of the unit shall be such as to prevent the passing of grease into the 
combustion chamber, which could reduce the acceptable operation of the burner.  
6.11 Commercial hotplates  
The requirements of 6. 9.3 and 6.10.5 shall apply.  
6.12 Hotplates and hobs  
The requirement of 6.9.3 shall apply.  
6.13 Single burner cooker tops  
6.13.1 General  
Cooker tops are single burner appliances for direct connection to  a cylinder fitted with a cylinder 
valve that complies with SANS 199 and the valve is fitted with a G 3/8 (3/8 BSP) vertical outlet 
thread. The appliance does not generally include a flow control valve as the cylinder valve controls 
the gas flow to the app liance burner.  
Cooker tops may be of the following type:  
a)   Type A  
     An appliance in which the burner, its mixing tube, and the connection threads to the cylinder are        
mechanically and permanently attached to the pot stand, thus making the as sembly of the parts 
into a complete self -contained appliance. The connection threads to the cylinder may form a part 
of the mixing tube. The burner head may be removed for cleaning or replacement. The pot stand 
may incorporate a heat shield.  
     When fit ted to the cylinder, the appliance relies for its rigidity entirely on the connection between 
the    cylinder valve and the appliance. There is no external or additional support for the pot stands 
when in use, and is therefore not recommended to be used wi th pots exceeding 300 mm diameter. b)  
Type B  
An appliance in which the burner, its mixing tube and the cylinder connection thread are 
mechanically joined    and are considered as one major part of the appliance. The pot stand considered 
as the second par t of the appliance, is a device separate from and not joined to the burner assembly. SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   19 
 It is supported on the cylinder shroud in such a manner that its stability is secured and that the 
relationship between the underside of the cooking vessel and the burner is preset and maintained. 
Subject to the specific diameter of the cylinder shroud and its associated pot stand, type B cooker 
tops are generally suitable for cooking vessels of a larger diameter than type A cooker tops.  
6.13.2 Requirements  
a)  Type A  
      When tested for compliance with the relevant requirements of 5.6.4 and 6.9.3, a pot with a 
diameter not less than the diameter of the pot shown in figure 3 shall be used.  
b)  Type B  
      When tested for compliance with 5.6.4 and 6.9.3, a pot with a diameter not less than 50 mm 
greater than the diameter of the pot stand (pot support) shall be used.  
6.13.3 Marking requirements for cooker tops  
In addition to the marking requirements given in clause 8, the following shall apply to cooker 
tops:  
 a)  Type A  
     The recommended maximum pot size to be included in the instruction 
manual.  
b)  Type B  
     The appliance markings (see 8.2(a)) shall be on or underneath the burner or on the mixing tube.  
     The markings (see 8.3(b), (c) and (e)) shall contain statements advising users that:  
1) the burner assembly and pot stand shall only be used together and only on the specific           
cylinder for which they were designed; and  
2) no attempt should be mad e to fit the burner and pot stand to any other cylinder as it can 
make           the appliance unsafe.  
6.14 Boiling tables  
6.14.1 Valve assemblies shall be protected from damage in the event that the boiling table is knocked 
over.  
6.14.2 The cooking vessel supports shall be able to support a pot of 150 mm ( +10 0 mm) diameter 
irrespective of where the pot is placed within the outer perimeters of the support frame.  
6.14.3 The gas line between burners in a multi burner unit shall either be connected by metal tubing 
(see 5.11) with mechanical gas tight fittings, or a flexible hose compliant with SANS 1156 -2 or BS 
3212. Where a flexible hose is used, it shall be connected to each burner, by hose clamps and be 
protected from physical damage or the effects of heat by a metal cover along its full length between 
burners, rigidly affixed to the frame of the boiling table. The boiling table shall be tested in 
accordance with the test given in 7.10. The diameter of the pot shall be at least the diamet er of the 
outside ring of the burner + 150 mm.   
6.14.4 The requirement of 6.9.3 shall apply.  
6.15 Ring burners  
6.15.1 A ring burner may consist of multiple rings. Each ring shall be fitted with a jet and controlled 
by a valve. (See 5.6.1.)  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
20     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  6.15.2 The c ooking vessel supports intended for a flat bottom pot shall be tested in accordance with 
the applicable test given in clause 7.         
6.16 Decorative fire equipment  
Decorative fire equipment shall:  
a) unless designed and fitted as a vent -free heater (heate r with no flue outlet), have means of removal 
of the product of combustion from the appliance (see also 6.8.3);   
b) not have a damper installed in the chimney or flue. However, if a damper is installed, it shall be 
fixed permanently in the open position; and   
c) when supplied with artificial (decorative) logs or coals, be located in an acceptable position and 
fixed in a positive manner.  
7 Inspection and methods of test  
7.1 Inspection  
Visually examine each appliance in the sample for compliance with all the re quirements of this 
standard for which tests to assess compliance are not given in 7.3 to 7.18 (inclusive).  
7.2 Test conditions  
7.2.1 Normalizing room  
A room in which the temperature can be adjusted to 20 °C ± 5 °C.  
7.2.2 Test gas  
For all tests, appliances shall be tested with LPG.  
7.3 Stability of appliance  
Place the appliance, with the appropriate gas cylinder filled and fitted in the applicable way, on a 
movable surface that is initially level. Tilt the surface in a specific di rection through an angle of 10°, 
maintain the surface in this position for 1 min and check for compliance with 5.1(a) and 5.1(c). Return 
the surface to its original position.  
In the case of a cooker, stove or boiling table, now place a pot (of size as ill ustrated in figure 3) on 
the cooking top.  
Fill the pot three -quarters full with water and, with the aid of the movable surface, tilt the appliance 
through an angle of 10° in the same specific direction as above, maintain the appliance in that position 
for 3 min and check for compliance with 5.1(b). Repeat the above procedure in three other directions, 
each 90° (on the flat) from the preceding one.  
7.4 Test for rigidity and rigid attachment of stove, cooker and hotplate components 
(including boiling tables )  
7.4.1 Apparatus  
10 kg mass piece(s), of diameter 250 mm ± 3 mm.  
7.4.2 Procedure  
Place the appliance on a level surface, fit all components in the normal way, and place the mass piece 
on top of the appliance. After 5 min, remove the mass piece and ins pect the appliance and components 
for compliance with 5.4.  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   21 
 For multi burner appliances and appliances with folding, removable or collapsible legs fit all 
components in the normal way, and place the 10 kg mass pieces on top of each burner of the 
appliance.  After 5 min, remove the mass piece and inspect the appliance and components for 
compliance with 5.4.  
NOTE A five -burner appliance (for example a boiling table) will carry five mass pieces with a total 
weight of 50 kg. This is only applicable to boiling t ables.  
7.5 Test for flame quality  
7.5.1 Place the complete appliance, with the appropriate gas cylinder filled and fitted in the applicable 
way, in the normalizing room (see 7.2.1) for 24 h at 20 °C ± 5 °C.  
7.5.2 Remove the appliance from the normalizing room and install it in a test room. Immediately open 
the gas supply, adjust the gas flow as in normal practice, allow it to flow for 5 s, and then ignite the 
flame. Check the quality and operation of the flame. If necessary, adjust the primary air intake to the 
position that produces the most stable flame. Check for compliance with 5.7.1.  
7.5.3 Now readjust the primary air intake to decrease the quality of the flame, and then readjust the 
air intake to find a posit ion that shall ensure compliance with 5.7.1. Extinguish the flame by closing 
the gas supply. After 5 s, open the gas supply, try to ignite the flame, and check for compliance with 
5.7.1.  
7.6 Test for primary air intake  
Place the appliance, with the appro priate gas cylinder filled and fitted in the applicable way, in the 
normalizing room (see 7.2.1) for 24 h at 20 °C ± 5 °C. Remove the appliance from the normalizing 
room and install it in a test room. Immediately carry out the following procedure:  
Open th e gas supply and allow the gas to flow for 3 s. Ignite the flame and, in the case of  
a) a fixed primary air intake, check the flame for compliance with 5.8.1, or  
b) an adjustable primary air intake, allow the appliance to burn at full rate for 15 min and try t o adjust 
the air  intake to achieve an effective and stable flame. During the test, check for compliance with 
5.8.2.  
7.7 Test for stability of flame against draught  
7.7.1 Apparatus  
Fan that produces a wind velocity of up to 3 m /s over the entire side area of the appliance.  
7.7.2 Procedure  
Fit all relevant components to the appliance (including, when relevant, the draught protector), ignite 
the flame and allow it to burn for 1 min.  Switch on the fan and place it at such a distance away from 
the appliance that the wind speed at close proximity to the appliance is equal to the appropriate of the 
following:  
a) 1,0 m/s ± 0,1 m/s for built -in appliances and appliances generally intended to  be used inside a 
building; and  
b) 3,0 m/s ± 0,1 m/s for other appliances.  
Check the stability of the flame for compliance with 5.9 .  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
22     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  7.8 Test for leak -tightness  
7.8.1 Apparatus  
7.8.1.1 Pressure gauge , calibrated up to 3 000 kPa.               
7.8.1.2 Air supply , at a pressure of at least 1 400 kPa.  
7.8.1.3 Soap solution and brush .  
7.8.2 Procedure  
7.8.2.1 Attach the pressure gauge and air supply to the inlet of the appliance. Set the appliance as 
follows:  
a) if no control valves are included, replace the j ets with blank undrilled jets, and carry out the test 
in  
7.8.2.2;  
b) if control valves are included,  
1) place all control valves in the fully closed position, carry out the test in 7.8.2.2, and then  
2) place all control valves in the fully open position, block off the jets or replace the jets with blank 
jets, and    repeat the test in 7.8.2.2.  
7.8.2.2 Open the air supply and adjust the pressure to  
a) 22 kPa for appliances that operate on a controlled supp ly not exceeding 5 kPa,  
  
b) 200 kPa for appliances that operate on a controlled supply exceeding 5 kPa but less than 100 kPa 
inclusive, or  
c) 1 400 kPa for appliances that operate on LPG supplied direct from a cylinder.  
Using the soap solution and brush, ins pect all joints and valves for compliance with 5.6.2, 5.10(a) or 5.11, 
as applicable.  
7.9 Test for strength of construction of manifolds  
7.9.1 Apparatus  
7.9.1.1 Pressure gauge , calibrated up to 3 000 kPa.  
7.9.1.2 Water supply , at a pressure of up to 3 000 kPa.  
7.9.2 Procedure  
7.9.2.1 Attach the pressure gauge and water supply to the inlet of the manifold.  
7.9.2.2 Close all valves.  
7.9.2.3 Increase the water pressure to  
a) 44 kPa  for manifolds with a controlled supply not exceeding 5 kPa,  
b) 400 kPa for manifolds with a controlled supply exceeding 100 kPa inclusive, and  
c) 2 800 kPa for manifolds intended to be connected to the cylinder direct.  
7.9.2.4 Maintain the pressure for 5 min  and check the manifold (under pressure) for compliance with 
5.10.  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
 ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   23 
 7.10 Test for durability of non -metallic tubes, and for temperature and ease of 
operation of levers and knobs  
With the appropriate gas cylinder filled and fitted to the appliance in the a pplicable way, place a pan 
or pot filled with water (see figure 3 and 6.14.3) over the burners, open the gas supply, ignite the 
flame and allow it to burn at full rate for 3 h. While the appliance is operating, check for leakage, 
swelling, bursting or any other degrading of the tubes or hoses and check for compliance with 5.11.2. 
At the end of the test, wet one hand and use this hand to operate the operating lever or knob. Check 
for compliance with 5.6.4(g)(2) and 614.3.   
7.11 Determination of corrosion st ress-cracking of copper alloy parts  
7.11.1 Reagents  
7.11.1.1 Nitric acid, concentrated (relative density d at 25 °C = 1,34).  
7.11.1.2 Nitric acid, dilute , 50 % by volume, prepared by adding 500 mL of the concentrated nitric 
acid to 500 mL of distilled w ater, while stirring well. Allow to cool.  
7.11.1.3 Mercurous nitrate solution , a distilled water solution that contains a mass fraction of 1 % 
of mercurous nitrate Hg(NO3)2H2O and a volume fraction of 1 % of the concentrated nitric acid.  
7.11.2 Test spec imen  
Use the copper alloy part (or a piece cut from it, if it is too large to immerse in the test solution).  
7.11.3 Procedure  
7.11.3.1 Degrease the test specimen and then dip it for 30 s in the dilute nitric acid.  
7.11.3.2 Rinse the specimen in cold water and immediately immerse it completely in the mercurous 
nitrate solution.  
7.11.3.3 For all alloys except an alloy of grade Cu -Ni30Mn1, remove the test specimen after 30 min, 
rinse it well in cold water, wipe it carefully, a nd examine it immediately. In the case of Cu -Ni30Mn1 
alloy, examine the specimens 24 h after removal from the solution.  
7.11.3.4 Check for compliance with 5.11.3.  
7.12 Test for strength of operating levers and knobs (as relevant)  
7.12.1 Apparatus  
7.12.1.1 Scale , calibrated up to 5 kg.  
7.12.1.2 Torque wrench .  
7.12.2 Procedure  
7.12.2.1 Fit the lever to the gas -operating spindle, as in normal practice. Attach the scale to the furthest 
extremity of the lever, and apply a load of 5 kg for 3 min  
a) in a direction parallel to the axis of the operating spindle; and  
b) at right angles to the axis of the lever.  
7.12.2.2 Using the torque wrench, apply a torque of 2,5 Nm to each knob.  
7.12.2.3 Remove the scale or torque wrench, as appropriate, and inspect the operating lever or knob 
and attachment for compliance with 5.6.4(g)(1).  
7.12.2.4 By means of the operating lever or knob, operate by hand the valve to which it is attached 
and check for compliance with 5.6.4(g).  SZNS 012:201 2  
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  7.13 Test for combustion  
7.13.1 Apparatus   
7.13.1.1 Pot , as illustrated in figure 3.  
7.13.1.2 Collecting hood , as illustrated in figure 4.  
7.13.1.3 Gas -measuring instrument , that can measure the quantity of carbon monoxide and carbon 
dioxide developed inside the collecting hood while the applia nce is in operation.  
7.13.2 Procedure  
Open the gas supply, ignite the flame and allow it to burn at full rate until the flame has become stable 
in performance. In the case of a cooker, place the pot filled with water on the cooking grid. Adjust 
any primary air intake adjusters to obtain an effective and stable flame. Place the collecting hood 
over the appliance. Ensure that the lid that is mounted in the hood (see figure 4), fits so securely on 
the pot that any steam that is developed is conveyed, vi a the vents, to the outside of the hood .  
Attach the gas -measuring instrument to the sampling tube and measure the quantity of carbon 
monoxide and carbon dioxide evolved. Determine the CO/CO2 ratio and check for compliance with 
5.18. During the test, check  for compliance with 6.5.1.   
In the case of decorative fire equipment a period of 30 min shall be allowed between ignition of the 
fire and before testing for CO/CO2. This is to allow the appliance time to reach working temperature.  
The use of extra venti lation should be made clear to the user.  
7.14 Test for mounting of glass covers for lamps  
7.14.1 Apparatus           
7.14.1.1 Flat concrete floor , covered with a mild steel plate of thickness 5 mm.  
  
7.14.1.2 Cycling device , that in one cycle lifts the lamp assembly under test to a height of 25 mm and 
then drops it. The device operates at a rate of at least 10 cycles per minute.  
7.14.2 Procedure  
Fit the lamp, complete with glass cover, to a cylinder filled with gas. Place th e lamp assembly on the 
steel plate. Attach the cycling device to the lamp assembly, carry out 100 cycles, and inspect the lamp 
assembly for compliance with 6.5.   
7.15 Test for quality and durability of glass covers for lamps  
7.15.1 Leave the lamp assembl y in the normalizing room (see 7.2.1) for 24 h at 5 °C. Remove the 
lamp assembly from the room, open the gas supply, light the lamp and allow it to burn at full rate for 
1 h. Extinguish the flame, and return the lamp assembly to the normalizing room.  
7.15.2 For lamps designed for attachment directly to a cylinder repeat the procedure given in 7.14.2 
a further five cycles and check for compliance with 6.5.   
7.16 Test for oven thermostats  
7.16.1 Apparatus  
Cycling device , that will allow the normal operation of the oven thermostat at a rate of 5 cycles per 
minute.  SZNS 012:201 2  
Edition 1   
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 7.16.2 Procedure  
Connect the oven thermostat to the cycling device and carry out 30 000 cycles of normal operation 
of the thermostat. During the test, check t he operation of the oven thermostat and verify for 
compliance with the initial requirement of 5.13. At the end of the test, check for compliance with the 
latter requirements of 5.13 .  
7.17 Test of glued joints  
7.17.1 Apparatus  
7.17.1.1 An air supply , at a pressure of 1 400 kPa +20 0 kPa  
7.17.1.2 A heating oven .  
7.17.2 Procedure  
7.17.2.1 Place the component in a heating oven at a temperature of 50 °C for a period of 48 h.  
7.17.2.2 Remove the component, close one end, and to the other end connect the air  supply. 7.17.2.3 
Increase the pressure to 1 400 kPa, allow the pressure to remain for 5 min and then inspect the joint 
for compliance with 5.11.4(c).  
7.18 Test for ignition time of ring burners  
7.18.1 Apparatus  
7.18.1.1 Multiple ring burner .  
7.18.1.2 Pot or steel plate to suite the size of ring burner.  
7.18.1.3 Lighter , to allow proper ignition of all rings, with the pot or plate on, without burning the 
hand of the testing officer.  
7.18.2 Procedure  
7.18.2.1 Attach all necessary components.  
7.18.2.2 Place the pot or plate on the ring.  
7.18.2.3 Open the gas supply for 3 s before ignition.  
7.18.2.4 Ignite gas. All rings shall ignite in compliance with 4.15 .  
7.19 Test for hose assemblies  
7.19.1 Apparatus  
7.19.1.1 Regulated compressed air s upply .  
7.19.1.2 Pressure gauge suitable for 1 000 kPa.  
7.19.1.3 Solenoid valve controlled by a timer.  
7.19.1.4 Counter .  
7.19.1.5 Connecting hoses plus clamps .  
7.19.1.6 Aging oven capable of maintaining 70 °C ± 5 °C.  
7.19.2 Procedure  
7.19.2.1 Age the  hose and hosetail as an assembly for 168 h at 70 °C.  SZNS 012:201 2  
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  7.19.2.2 Subject the hose and hosetail assembly to 7 300 cycles of pressurization and depressurization 
at 720 kPa.  
7.19.2.3 Apply the pressure gradually, not instantaneously.  
7.19.2.4 Cycle the hose and hosetail assembly at a frequency of 0,33 Hz (20 complete cycles per 
minute).  
7.19.2.5 Check the hose and hosetail assembly for compliance with 5.19(c).  
7.20 Test for resistance to deformation and breakage of hose assemblies  
7.20.1 App aratus     
7.20.1.1 Vice .  
7.20.1.2 Appropriately sized pipe (pipe to fit nozzle snugly) of 350 mm length.  
7.20.2 Procedure  
7.20.2.1 Clamp the back of the hose nozzle into the vice ensuring the nozzle is free from obstruction 
but is rigid in the vice.  
7.20.2.2 Using the pipe as a cantilever apply a bending moment of 10 Nm for 10 s to the hose nozzle 
in the horizontal plane and then in the vertical plane perpendicular to the nozzle.  
7.20.2.3 Check for compliance with 5.19(d).  
7.21 Test for combustion p roducts discharge safety device (Flue sensor)  
7.21.1 Apparatus  
7.21.1.1 Flue .  
7.21.1.2 A suitable item to close off the flue.  
7.21.1.3 Stop watch .  
7.21.2 Procedure  
7.21.2.1 Install the water heater on the test bench in accordance with manufacturer's installation 
instructions and allow to run for at least 5 min to make sure that the installation is done correctly.  
7.21.2.2 Block the combustion product outlet completely.  
7.21.2.3 Record the duration from the time that the outlet was blocked until the gas supply is shutoff.  
7.21.2.4 Check for compliance with 6.7.1.  
7.21.2.5 Repeat the above procedure without the flue fitted and check for compliance with 6.7.1.  
7.22 Temperature sensing device (Overheat protection)  
7.22.1 Apparatus  
7.22.1.1 Temperature measuring device .  
7.22.1.2 Metal heating device .  
7.22.2 Procedure  
7.22.2.1 Install the water heater on the test bench in accordance with manufacturer's installation 
instructions and allow to run for at least 5 min to make sure that the insta llation is done correctly.  
7.22.2.2 Switch the water heater off, remove the overheat protection temperature device.  SZNS 012:201 2  
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 7.22.2.3 Mount the sensing device on the side of the heating device in a way that will simulate the 
normal operating condition of the temp erature sensing device.  
7.22.2.4 Connect a temperature measuring device adjacent to the heating device.    
7.22.2.5 Connect the temperature sensing device to the wire harness of the water heater as in normal 
use (additional electrical cord can be used as an extension), switch the water heater on and allow it to 
operate as in normal use.  
7.22.2.6 Increase the temperatur e of the heating device.  
7.22.2.7 Record the temperature at which the safety device switches the water heater off and check 
for compliance with 6.7.1.3.  
7.23 Combustion fan (Electronic control water heaters)  
7.23.1 Apparatus  
7.23.1.1 Toggle switch .  
7.23.1.2 Electrical wire with connection lugs .  
7.23.1.3 Hand tools .  
7.23.2 Procedure  
7.23.2.1 Remove the outer cover of the water heater and bypass the one of the two wires leading to 
the fan through a toggle switch. Place the toggle switch where it will be easy to operate once the water 
heater is in operation.  
7.23.2.2 Re-assemble the water heater.  
7.23.2.3 Install the water heater on the test bench in accordance with manufacturer's installation 
instructions and allow to run for at least 5 min to make s ure that the installation is done correctly.  
7.23.2.4 Switch the fan off and note whether the water heater switches off and record the duration 
from the moment that the fan was switched off to the actual time of total shutdown of the water heater 
and chec k for compliance with 6.7.1.4.   
8 Packing and marking  
8.1 Packing  
An appliance shall be so packed that it is protected from damage during normal handling and 
transportation .  
8.2 Marking  
Each appliance shall carry the following legibly and indelibly marked in an easily identifiable 
position direct on the body or on an acceptable nameplate effectively attached to the body:  
a) on at least one major component part of the body:  
1) the manufacturer 's name, trade name or trade mark;  
2) the operating pressure (see 4.2);  
3) the design consumption (see 4.3);  
4) the type of gas for which the appliance is intended, i.e. LPG (see 5.20); and  
5) the model number;  SZNS 012:201 2  
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  b) when so required on each jet, an identification mark (see 5.5.2);  
c) when so required an additional label with the words “ For Outdoor Use Only”; and  
d) where applicable the type of water heater (see 6.7.1).   
8.3 Additional information  
Each appliance shall h ave the following information given on a sticker, in a booklet, or on the face 
of the package:  
a) the type of gas for which the appliance is intended, i.e. LPG (see 5.20);  
b) instructions for the correct and safe operation of the appliance;  
c) any dangerous practices or conditions that should be avoided;  
d) the proper procedure for maintenance of the appliance, and the service intervals;  
e) a caution as to what adjustments should not be carried out;  
f) such adjustments as might be necessary for the ef fective use and operation of the appliance;  
g) the use of automatic ignition devices (where applicable);  
h) the location of pilot flame(s), flash tubes and other points of burner ignition (where applicable);  
i) use of thermostatic control (where applicable);  
j) the "off" position of all manual control valves and the method of opening and closing such valves;  
k) the "open/closed" position of ball and taper plug valves;  
l) the method of adjusting primary air requirements to individual burners;  
m) how to relocate burner cap s correctly;  
n) the action to be taken in the event of burn -back, i.e. ignition under the burner cap or aeration 
adjustment;  
o) the action to be taken in the event of gas leakage;  
p) that ALL appliances fitted with an integral draught diverter (for example, inst antaneous water 
heaters) shall be fitted with a secondary flue;   
q) that ventilation is vital for the efficient performance of all appliances and for the safety of the 
occupants of the room in which the appliance is installed; (See also annex E)  
r) that sealin g washers should be correctly located and in good order;  
s) a reference to the correct pressure regulator that should be used, if applicable; and  
t) that the installation of appliances may only be carried out by a registered installer and that such 
installatio ns  shall comply with the requirements of SANS 10087 -1.  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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  Annex A  
(informative)  
The distribution, use, installation and operation of LPG appliances  
A.1 General  
A thorough knowledge of the operation of the appliance is a major safeguard in its effective use. LPG 
appliances are normally accompanied by safety guides and advice as to relative operating features, 
and it is recommended that the guides and advice be stu died and applied.  
A further safeguard to consider is regular inspection and maintenance. In this regard, attention is 
drawn to the need for replacing of old (cracked, hardened, burnt, etc.) flexible connecting pipes, 
leaking connections and control valves , faulty pressure regulators, and mating components that have 
become misaligned.  
A.2 Pressure regulators  
A well -designed and well -manufactured pressure regulator is inexpensive and efficient and serves 
the function of reducing a known high -inlet pressure of a gas to a predetermined and known operating 
pressure. The operating pressure is regulated by virtue of  the control of the flow rate of gas through 
the regulator flow port. Although the pressure is kept constant over a very wide range of flow rates, 
extreme conditions cannot be catered for and problems could arise (see A.3). The regulator control 
spring is designed and adjusted for particular operating conditions (outlet pressure and flow -rating). 
These conditions can be slightly altered by readjustment of the spring setting. Such alteration, 
however, influences the performance of other parts of the regulato r and is therefore never 
recommended except when executed by the manufacturer and with the aid of the appropriate 
instruments.  
A regulator cannot deliver more gas than its rating. It is therefore essential that the user determines 
his requirements in full  and then obtains a regulator of the appropriate (or larger) capacity. The use 
of a number of small -capacity gas appliances on a single regulator can, however, lead to certain low -
flow difficulties. It is recommended that such conditions be discussed with,  and solved by, the 
supplier during installation. (For further particulars, see A.3.)  
The rating of the regulator (and the attached appliance) should not exceed the evaporative capacity 
of the LPG container to which it is attached. If the evaporative capa city of the LPG container is 
exceeded, the liquid in the container will cool down and cause a reduction in the quantity of gas 
supplied. The evaporative capacities of LPG containers of various sizes are given in SANS 10087 -1.  
Because a regulator is adjust ed to operate at a specific outlet pressure, it cannot efficiently or safely 
supply a combination of individual appliances that have different operating pressures. It will, in such 
cases, supply too little for the higher -pressure appliance(s) or too much f or the lower -pressure 
appliance(s), both conditions being hazardous. In such cases, it is recommended that a combination 
of two (or more) regulators be installed, each adjusted for its particular duty. This approach does not 
necessarily involve a duplicati on of cost because the flow is split and, since the rating is thereby 
reduced, smaller regulators can be used.  
The regulator is adjusted for operating pressures measured near its outlet. Friction losses in the supply 
pipe from the regulator to the applian ce will cause a proportionate reduction in the gas flow.  
  
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The resulting gas supply at the end of the supply pipe could then be much less than the intended rating 
of the regulator and could lead to hazards, annoyance and unreso lved arguments with the supplier.  
A.3 Problems and their rectification  
A.3.1 In certain appliances (refrigerators, gas heaters, etc.), a constantly burning pilot burner is used 
to keep the appliance in operation while the main burner is shut off or reduc ed to a very low operating 
rate. The quantity of gas consumed by pilot burners is so minute (practically nil) that it demands a 
flow rate less than the 10 % minimum flow rate for which the regulator is tested.  
Consequently, should the main burner(s) of th e appliance be shut off, the gas flow will be radically 
reduced, the supply pressure will suddenly rise, and the pilot burner, if not properly designed, could 
be extinguished.  
Obviously, the higher the rating of the regulator, the higher the pressure at t he reduced flow rate and 
the more severe the problem.  
It is therefore recommended that every appliance that uses a pilot burner be operated from a separate 
regulator of appropriate rating and not be combined with intermittently operating, high consumption  
appliances such as gas stoves or gas heaters.  
The regulator is always furnished with a sealing washer on the inlet connection. To ensure the correct 
and safe operation of the regulator, this sealing washer should be mounted in the correct way and 
should be kept in good order.  
A.3.2 All gas appliances are designed for a specific flow rate at a specific operating pressure.  
These conditions are determined at the inlet to the appliance. Alteration of either of these conditions 
can lead to a variety of ineff ective operations including carbon monoxide production caused by 
incomplete combustion, which could result in the poisoning and even the death of a user. It is 
therefore necessary that, in the case of long supply pipes (exceeding 2 m), the bore of the pipe s be 
calculated to ensure that no significant pressure drop occurs during periods of maximum flow. It is 
strongly recommended that the total pressure drop during such periods never exceeds 0,25 kPa.  
The general (and incorrect) solution to this problem is to increase the regulator pressure to the extent 
of such a pressure drop. It should be kept in mind that the lock -up pressure and low -flow pressure 
automatically rise as the set operating pressure is increased. This naturally distorts the balance of the 
entire system and can be hazardous. Users are strongly cautioned against reducing the size of the 
supply pipes simply to reduce the cost of the system.  
Changing to a different type or make of regulator  will not prevent the above -mentioned pressure drop 
problem.  
A.4 Design considerations  
An effective, trouble -free, efficient and safe gas supply system can be complex and each system 
should be individually and specifically designed.  
In this regard, the following factors should be kept in mind:  
a) the total consumption of the system or the rating of the regulator should not exceed the evaporative 
capacity of the gas cylinder, and, in certain cases, a duplicate system might prove the most 
effective;  SZNS 012:201 2  
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34     ©SWASA 2012 –All rights reserved   
  b) the sys tem, i.e. the length and bore of supply pipes, their distribution, and the types of fitting and 
control, should be designed to prevent any detrimental pressure loss or flow loss;  
c) the operating pressures of all appliances on one system or supplied by one r egulator should be the  
same and, in this regard, manufacturers of appliances should be encouraged and requested to adapt 
their units to comply with the requirements s of SANS 10087 -1;  
d) regulators should not be adjusted without the use of the appropriate t est apparatus and without the  
advice or agreement of the manufacturer; and  
e) appliances that have constantly burning pilot burners and a combination of appliances, some of  
which have intermittent high consumption and others consistently low consumption, c an be subject 
to serious operational inadequacies when under the direct control of a badly designed pressure 
regulator. For this reason, the use of a technically sound regulator in such cases is imperative if the 
provision of additional regulators or suppl y pipes (or both) is to be obviated.  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
                          
    
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 Annex B  
(informative)  
Quality verification of LPG appliances  
When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of LPG appliances, it is suggested that, 
instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his attention to the 
manufacturer's quality system. In this connection  it should be noted that SZNS ISO 9001 covers the 
provision of an integrated quality system.  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
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  Annex C  
(informative)  
  
Recommended installation requirements 
for decorative fire equipment  
  
When installing decorative fire equipment the following requirements are recommended to the 
installer:  
a) have a sufficient supply of permanent air (see also SANS 10087 -1 for installation requirements);  
b) not be connected to a flued domestic gas appliance;  
c) be connected to the gas supply system by permanently sized pipe; and  
d) whether or not a gas valve is integ ral in the appliance, be supplied and fitted with a gas cock or  
other means of isolation on the inlet to the appliance, in a position that is accessible. A means of  
     disconnection shall be fitted, if not integral with the appliance, between the isola tion device and 
the   appliance.  
No person installing a decorative gas appliance should leave it connected to the gas supply unless the 
appliance can be used safely.  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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  Annex E  
(normative)  
  
Vent free heater installation requirements with specific reference to 
information to be provided in the user/installer  manual  
Instructions for fixed vent free heater systems shall include information to the installer indicating:  
1 That the appliance may  not be installed in an enclosed bathroom  
2 That the appliance may not be installed in a bedroom without the provision of permanent ventilation  
3 The minimum size room volume in m3 in which the appliance may be installed without the 
provision of permanent ventilation.  
The calculation to develop the minimum room volume is to be based on the following requirement: 
(see also clause 4.3 of SANS 10087 -1:2004)  
Where the heat input is greater than 0,37 MJ (0,1 kW) per m3 of room volume then permanent 
ventilation shall be provided in the room.  
Example 1 :  
A 25 MJ appliance requires a minimum room volume of 25 + 0,37 = 67,57 m3.  
The calculation itself need not be shown in the user/ installation manual but the result of the calculation shall 
be indicated together with the warning that if the room volume is not at least of that size then permanent 
ventilation shall be provided.  
4 That when applying the calculation in 3 above the heat input of any other gas/ solid fuel or paraffin 
burning appliances shall be added to the heat input of the vent free heater to be installed. A note is to 
be included in the user/installer instructions th at it is an installer responsibility to ensure that if 
relevant, this calculation is carried out.  
Example 2 :  
If existing appliances of the type indicated above having a heat input of 15 MJ share the same room volume as 
the vent free heater with a heat in put of 40 MJ, then the calculation to be done to establish the minimum room 
volume allowed for the installation of the vent free heater without the provision of permanent free air ventilation 
would be:  
(15 + 40) ÷ 0,37 = 148,65m3  
Example 3 :  
If the total  available room volume is 95 m3 and there are already appliances in the room with heat  input of 12 
MJ then find the maximum heat input that may be added to that room volume without the provision of 
permanent free air ventilation  
12 ÷ 0,37 = 32,43m3  
90 − 32,43 = 57,57m3  
57 ,57 × 0,37 = 21,30MJ   
  
  
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 5 That where permanent ventilation is required in relation to the room volume or as a result of 
installation in a bedroom, then the user/installer instructions shall indicate that the cross sectional 
area of free air permanent ventilation shall be not less t hat 13 cm2 per MJ of heat input.  
6 A statement advising installers that where an adjoining room or rooms share(s) a common 
opening with the room in which the appliance is to be installed, then the room volumes of both rooms 
may be added together for the pur poses of compliance with the calculation in 3 above providing that 
the opening between the two rooms is permanently open and cannot be closed e.g. by a door.  
Example 4 :  
Room A = 6m × 5m × 2,7m = 81m3  
Room B = 5m × 4,5m × 2,7m = 60,75m3  
Therefore the total available room volume is = 81 + 60,75 = 141,75m3  
Then the maximum heat input that can be installed without the provision of permanent free air ventilation is  
141,75 ÷ 0,37 = 52,45MJ   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
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  Bibliography  
 
SZNS ISO 9001:2008 Quality management systems – General requirements .  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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ICS 27.060.20   
Price based on 4 0 pages.