DEAS 196: 2020 
ICS 77.140  
© EAC 2020                                                                                                                        Third Edition 2020  
 
DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD 
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLA) for hot rolled sheet and cold rolled 
sheet — Specification 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY DEAS 196: 2020 
ii © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
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Violators may be persecuted DEAS 196: 2020 
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  iii
 Contents Page 
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv  
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1  
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 1  
3 Terminology ........................................................................................................................................... 2  
3.1 Steel type .................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
3.2 Product types ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.  
4. Materials and Manufacture ............................................................................................................................ 3  
5. Chemical Composition................................................................................................................................... 3  
5.1 Limits ............................................................................................................................................................. 3  
5.2 Cast or Heat Analysis: ................................................................................................................................. 4  
5.3 Product, Check, or Verification Analysis ................................................................................................... 4  
5.4 Sampling for Product Analysis ................................................................................................................... 4  
5.5 Specimen Preparation.................................................................................................................................. 5  
6. Mechanical Properties ................................................................................................................................... 5  
7. General Requirements for Delivery .............................................................................................................. 7  
8. Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances ................................................................................................... 7  
9 Finish and Condition ..................................................................................................................................... 10  
10. Workmanship .............................................................................................................................................. 13  
11. Retests and Disposition of Non-Conforming Material ............................................................................ 16  
11.1 Retests ....................................................................................................................................................... 16  
11.2 Disposition of Non-Conforming Material ............................................................................................... 17  
12. Inspection .................................................................................................................................................... 17  
13. Rejection and Rehearing ........................................................................................................................... 17  
14. Test Reports and Certification .................................................................................................................. 17  
15. Product Marking ......................................................................................................................................... 18  
16. Packing and Package Marking .................................................................................................................. 18  
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................. 19  
 DEAS 196: 2020 
iv © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 Foreword 
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
In order to achieve this objective, the Community established an East African Standards Committee mandated 
to develop and issue East African Standards.   
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, together 
with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East African Standards 
are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner States. The comments 
received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures 
of the Community. 
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
EAS 196 was prepared by Technical Committee EASC/TC 035, TC Steel and Steel Products . 
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (EAS 196:2014).  
 DEAS 196: 2020 
 
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved 
 High-strength low-alloy Steel (HSLA) for hot rolled sheet and 
cold rolled sheet — Specification 
1 Scope 
1.1 This East African Standard specifies the requirements for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths for high-
strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) supplied as hot-rolled sheet and cold-rolled sheet. 
1.2 For the purposes of determining conformance with this specification and the various material 
specifications, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place of figures used in expressing 
the limiting values. 
1.3 For the purposes of determining conformance with this product specification, measured values, 
calculated values, or observed values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures 
used in expressing the limiting values. 
2 Normative references 
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies. 
ISO 437, Steel and cast iron — Determination of total carbon content — Combustion gravimetric method 
ISO 439, Steel and iron — Determination of total silicon content — Gravimetric method    
ISO 629, Steel and cast iron — Determination of manganese content — Spectrophotometric method   
ISO 671, Steel and cast iron — Determination of sulphur content — Combustion titrimetric method ISO 4829-1 
Steel and cast iron — Determination of total silicon content — Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric 
method — Part 1: Silicon contents between 0.05 and 1.0 %  
ISO 4829-1, Steel and cast iron — Determination of total silicon content — Reduced molybdosilicate 
spectrophotometric method — Part 1: Silicon contents between 0.05 and 1.0 %  
ISO 4829-2, Steel and iron — Determination of total silicon content — Reduced molybdosilicate 
spectrophotometric method — Part 2: Silicon contents between 0.01 and 0.05 %  
ISO 4943, Steel and cast iron — Determination of copper content — Flame atomic absorption spectrometric 
method 
ISO 10714, Steel and iron — Determination of phosphorus content — Phosphovanadomolybdate 
spectrophotometric method 
ISO 14284; Steel and iron — sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical 
composition   
2 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 3 Terminology  
3.1 High-strength low-alloy steel   
The specific group of steels in which higher strength, and in some cases additional resistance to atmospheric 
corrosion or improved formability, are obtained by moderate amounts of one or more alloying elements. 
3.2       Hot-rolled sheet  
Sheet manufactured by hot rolling slabs in a continuous mill to the required thickness and shall be supplied in 
coils or cut lengths as specified. 
 
Table 1 (a) Hot-rolled high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) sheet in coils and cut lengths 
Dimensions in millimetres 
Width, w  Thickness, x 
 
All widthsA 0.8 to 6.0, excl 
A Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less than 300 mm in width must have cut edges. Hot-rolled material with mill 
edges 300 mm and less in width is considered hot-rolled strip. 
 
3.3 Cold-rolled sheet   
Sheet manufactured from hot-rolled descaled coils by cold reducing to the desired thickness, generally 
followed by annealing to recrystallize the grain structure. If the sheet is not annealed after cold reduction it is 
known as full hard with a hardness of 84 HRB minimum and shall be used for certain applications where 
ductility and flatness are not required.  
Cold-rolled high-strength, low-alloy sheet is commonly classified by size as follows: 
Table 1 (b) Cold-rolled high strength, low-alloy carbon sheet  
Dimensions in millimetres  
Width, mm Thickness, mm 
To 300, inclA 0.5 to 2.0, incl 
Over 300B 0.5 and Over 
A Cold-rolled sheet coils and cut lengths, slit from wider coils with cut edge (only) and in thicknesses 0.4826 mm. [0.5 mm] 
through 0.082 mm. [2.0 mm] carbon 0.25 % maximum by cast analysis. 
B When no special edge or finish (other than matte, commercial bright, or luster finish) or single strand rolling of widths, or  
both under 24 mm. [600 mm] is not specified or required. 
 
 
3.4 Retests  
An additional test, or tests, made from the original material when the original test did not meet the appropriate 
acceptance criteria required by a product specification and the failure was mechanical in nature. 
 
3.5 Resample  
An additional test or tests made when the  test on the original sample did not meet the appropriate  acceptance 
criteria required by the product specification, but  possibly requiring that the material in question have an  
appropriate amount discarded prior to securing the new sample  or samples.  
 
3.6 Steel manufacturer  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  3
 The organization that directly controls or is responsible for the melting and refining of steel and the conversion 
of that steel into semi-finished steel products known as slabs either through continuous casting, 
conventionalor compact methods, or ingot casting and subsequent conversion of the ingots to slabs, and for 
one or more additional operations such as testing, marking, loading for shipment, and certification. 
 
3.7 Coil processor  
the organization that directly controls or is responsible for operations involved in processing the coil such as 
leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspection, blanking, slitting, pickling, cold rolling (cold reduction), heat 
treating, temper rolling, coating, packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification. 
 
3.8 Hot roll manufacturer 
the organization that directly controls or is responsible for the conversion of steel slabs, by hot-rolling into 
coils, and for one or more additional operations such as leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspection, 
blanking, slitting, pickling, cold rolling, heat treating, coating, packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and 
certification. 
 
3.9 Cold roll manufacturer  
the organization that directly controls or is responsible for the conversion of hot roll coils into cold roll coils, 
and for one or more additional operations such as pickling, annealing, temper rolling, slitting, cutting to length, 
testing, inspection, blanking, coating, packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification. 
 
4. Materials and Manufacture 
4.1 Unless otherwise specified, hot-rolled material shall be furnished hot-rolled, not annealed, not pickled. 
 
4.2 Coil breaks, stretcher strains, and fluting can occur during the user’s processing of hot-rolled or hot-rolled 
pickled sheet. When any of these features are detrimental to the application, the manufacturer shall be notified 
at time of ordering in order to properly process the sheet. 
 
 
4.3 Unless specified as a full-hard product, cold-rolled sheet is annealed after being cold reduced to thickness. 
The annealed, cold-rolled sheet can be used as annealed last (dead soft) for unexposed end-use applications. 
When cold-rolled sheet is used for unexposed applications and coil breaks are a hazard in uncoiling, it may be 
necessary to further process the material. In this case the manufacturer should be consulted. After annealing, 
cold-rolled sheet is generally given a light skin pass to impart shape or may be given a heavier skin pass or 
temper pass to prevent the phenomenon known as stretcher straining or fluting, when formed. Temper 
passing also provides a required surface texture. 
 
4.4Temper Rolling: 
4.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, cold-rolled sheet for exposed applications shall be temper rolled and is 
usually specified and furnished in the strain free condition as shipped. 
4.4.2 Cold-rolled sheet for unexposed applications may be specified and furnished “annealed last” or “temper 
rolled.” “Annealed last” is normally produced without temper rolling but may be lightly temper rolled during 
oiling or rewinding. Unexposed temper-rolled material may be specified strain-free or nonfluting. Where 
specific hardness range or limit or a specified surface texture is required, the application is considered as 
exposed. 
 
5. Chemical Composition 
5.1 Limits 
5.1.1 Where the material is used for fabrication by welding, care must be exercised in selection of chemical 
composition or mechanical properties to assure compatibility with the welding process and its effect on 
altering the properties. 
  
4 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 5.2 Cast or Heat Analysis: 
5.2.1 An analysis of each cast or heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the 
percentage of elements specified or restricted by the applicable specification. 
 
5.2.2 When requested, cast or heat analysis for elements listed or required shall be reported to the purchaser 
or to his representative. The steel manufacturer, or the hot roll manufacturer, cold roll manufacturer, or 
processor, if different from the steel manufacturer, is responsible for providing this information to the 
purchaser or his representative as requested. 
 
5.3 Product, Check, or Verification Analysis 
5.3.1 Non-killed steels such as capped or rimmed steels are not technologically suited to product analysis due 
to the non-uniform character of their chemical composition; therefore, the tolerances in Table 2 do not apply. 
Product analysis is appropriate on these types of steel only when misapplication is apparent or for copper 
when copper steel is specified. 
 
5.3.2 For steels other than non-killed (capped or rimmed), product analysis may be made by the purchaser. 
The chemical analysis shall not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in Table 2.  The 
several determinations of any element in a cast shall not vary both above and below the specified range. 
 
Table 2 - HSLA Steel Grade Composition 
 
Grade % Carbon 
(max) % Manganese 
(max) % Phosphorus 
(max) % Sulfur 
(max) % Silicon 
(max) Notes  
942X 0.21 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium or vanadium 
treated  
945A 0.15 1.00 0.04 0.05 0.90  
945C 0.23 1.40 0.04 0.05 0.90  
945X 0.22 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium or vanadium 
treated  
950A 0.15 1.30 0.04 0.05 0.90  
950B 0.22 1.30 0.04 0.05 0.90  
950C 0.25 1.60 0.04 0.05 0.90  
950D 0.15 1.00 0.15 0.05 0.90  
950X 0.23 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium or vanadium 
treated  
955X 0.25 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
960X 0.26 1.45 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
965X 0.26 1.45 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
970X 0.26 1.65 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
980X 0.26 1.65 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
 
5.4 Sampling for Product Analysis 
5.4.1 To indicate adequately the representative composition of a cast by product analysis, it is general 
practice to select  samples to represent the steel, as fairly as possible, from a minimum number of pieces as 
follows: 3 pieces for lots up to 15 tons and 6 pieces for lots over 15 tons. 
 
5.4.2 When the steel is subject to tension test requirements, samples for product analysis may be taken either 
by drilling entirely through the used tension test specimens themselves, or as covered in 5.4.3. 
 
5.4.3 When the steel is not subject to tension test requirements, the samples for analysis must be taken by  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  5
 milling or drilling entirely through the sheet in a sufficient number of places so that the samples are 
representative of the entire sheet or strip. The sampling may be facilitated by folding the sheet both ways, so 
that several samples may be taken at one drilling. Steel subjected to certain heating operations by the 
purchaser may not give chemical analysis results that properly represent its original composition. Therefore, 
users must analyze chips taken from the steel in the condition in which it is received from the steel 
manufacturer. 
 
5.5 Specimen Preparation 
Drillings or chips must be taken without the application of water, oil, or other lubricant, and must be free of 
scale, grease, dirt, or other foreign substances. They must not be overheated during cutting to the extent of 
causing decarburization. Chips must be well mixed and those too coarse to pass a No. 10 sieve or too fine to 
remain on a No. 30 sieve are not suitable for proper analysis. 
 
5.6 Test Methods 
Chemical analysis must be in accordance with any Standard Test Methods. 
6. Mechanical Properties 
6.1 The mechanical property requirements shall be in accordance with Table 3. 
 
6.2 Unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification, test specimens must be prepared in 
accordance with any Standard Test Methods and Definitions. Also the number of specimens, test locations, 
and specimen orientation shall be in accordance with the applicable product specification. 
 
6.3 Mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordance with any Standard Test Methods. 
 
6.4 Bend tests where required shall be conducted in compliance with any Standard Test Methods 
 
6.5 To determine conformance with the product specification, a calculated value should be rounded to the 
nearest 6.9 MPa tensile strength and yield point or yield strength, and to the nearest unit in the right-hand 
place of figures used in expressing the limiting value for other values. 
 
6.6 Structural sheet steels are commonly fabricated by cold bending. There are many interrelated factors that 
affect the ability of given steel to cold form over a given radius under shop conditions. These factors include 
thickness, strength level, and degree of restraint, relationship to rolling direction, chemistry, and 
microstructure. These radii should be used as minima for 90° bends. They presuppose “hard way” bending 
(bend axis parallel to rolling direction) and reasonably good shop forming practices. Where possible, the uses 
of larger radii or “easy way” bends are recommended for improved performance. 
 
6.7 Fabricators should be aware that cracks may initiate upon bending a sheared or burned edge. This is not 
considered to be a fault of the steel but is rather a function of the induced cold-work or heat-affected zone. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
6 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 Table 3 - Mechanical Properties for HSLA Steel Grades 
 
Grade Form Yield strength (min) 
[MPa] Ultimate tensile strength 
(min) [MPa] 
942X Plates, shapes & bars up to 
101.6 mm. 290 414 
945A, C Sheet & strip 310 414 
Plates, shapes & bars:   
0 – 12.7 mm. 310 448 
12.7 – 38.1 mm. 290 427 
38.1 – 76.2 mm. 276 427 
945X Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 38.1 mm. 310 414 
950A, B, C, D Sheet & strip 345 483 
Plates, shapes & bars:   
0 – 12.7 mm. 345 483 
12.7 – 38.1 mm. 310 462 
38.1 – 76.2 mm. 290 434 
950X Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 38.1 mm. 345 448 
955X Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 38.1 mm. 379 483 
960X Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 38.1 mm. 414 517 
965X Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 19.05 mm. 448 552 
970X Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 19.05 mm. 483 586 
980X Sheet, strip & plates up to 9.525 
mm. 552 655 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  7
 7. General Requirements for Delivery 
7.1 The products covered by this specification are produced to inch-pound or metric decimal thickness only 
and the appropriate thickness tolerances apply. 
 
7.2 Steel may be produced as ingot-cast or strand-cast. When different grades of strand-cast steel are 
sequentially cast, identification and separation of the transition material is required. 
 
8. Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances 
8.1 Dimensions, tolerances, and allowances applicable to products covered by this specification are contained 
in Tables 4-20 . The appropriate tolerance tables shall be identified in each individual specification. 
 
TABLE 4 - List of Tables for Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances  
 
High-Strength Low -Alloy Steel  
Dimensions  Table No.  
 Hot-Rolled Sheet  Cold-Rolled Sheet  
 SI Units SI Units SI Units SI Units 
Camber tolerances 10 A1.7 10, 19 A1.7, A1.16 
Diameter tolerances of 
sheared circles 9 A1.6 9 A1.6 
Flatness tolerances 13, 14 A1.10, A1.11 20 A1.17 
Length tolerances 8 A1.5 16, 17 A1.13, A1.14 
Out-of-square tolerances 11 A1.8 11 A1.8 
Restricted squareness 
tolerances 12 A1.9 12 A1.9 
Thickness tolerances 5, S1.2 A1.2, S1.5 15, S1.3 A1.12, S1.6 
Width tolerances of cut edge 7 A1.4 7, 18 A1.4, A1.15 
Width tolerances of mill edge 6 A1.3 . . . . . . 
 
 
TABLE 5 Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel) —  15.875 mm. 
(Cut Edge) and 25.4 mm. (Mill Edge) Minimum Edge Distance 
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
 
Specified 
Width, mm. Specified Ordered Thickness, mm.A 
0.7874 
<X≤1.2954,  1.2954 
<X≤1.4986,  1.4986 
<X≤1.778 1.778 
<X≤2.0828 2.0828 
<X≤2.4892 2.4892 
<X≤4.572, 4.572 
<X≤5.842 
Thickness Tolerances All Over, mm., No Tolerance UnderB 
≤ 381 
 0.2032 0.2286 0.2286 0.2286 0.2286 0.254 0.254 
381 <X≤ 508 0.2032 0.228 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.3048 0.3048 
508 <X≤ 812.8 0.228 0.228 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.3048 0.3556 
812.8 <X≤ 1016  0.228 0.228 0.254 0.254 0.3048 0.3048 0.3556 
1016<X≤1219.2  0.228 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.3048 0.381 0.381 
1219.2<X≤1524  . . .C 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.3048 0.381 0.381 
1524<X≤1828.8  . . .C . . .C 0.3048 0.3048 0.3556 0.4064 0.4064 
1828.8<X≤2032  . . .C . . .C . . .C 0.3048 0.3556 0.4572 0.4572 
> 2032 . . .C . . .C . . .C . . .C 0.381 0.4572 0.4572C 
A The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum. 
B The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under. 
C Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined. 
 
  
8 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 TABLE 6 Width TolerancesA of Hot-Rolled Mill Edge Sheet (All Designations) 
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) 
 
 High-Strength Low -Alloy 
Specified Width, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Width, mm. 
No Tolerance Under 
304.8 <X≤ 355.6 11.1125 
355.6 <X≤ 431.8 12.7 
431.8 <X≤ 482.6 14.2875 
482.6 <X≤ 533.4 15.875 
533.4 <X≤ 609.6 17.4625 
609.6 <X≤ 660.4  20.6375 
660.4 <X≤ 711.2 23.8125 
711.2 <X≤ 889 28.575 
889 <X≤ 1270 31.75 
1270 <X≤ 1524 38.1 
1524 <X≤ 1651 41.275 
1651 <X≤ 1778 44.45 
 1778 <X≤ 2032  47.625 
> 2032 50.8 
A The above tolerances do not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils (10.1.1.1). 
 
TABLE 7 Width Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Cut Edge Sheet (All Widths) and Cold-Rolled Sheet  
(Widths Over 304.8 mm. Only)—(All Designations)A 
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) 
 
Specified Width, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Width, mm. 
No Tolerance Under  
≤ 762 inclA 3.175 
762 <X≤ 1219.2 4.7625 
1219.2 <X≤ 1524 6.35 
1524 <X≤ 2032  7.9375 
> 2032 9.525 
A Cold Rolled widths 304.8 mm. and less refer to Table 18. 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  9
 TABLE 8 Length Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet (All Designations) 
(Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) 
 
Specified Length, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Length, mm. 
No Tolerance Under  
≤ 381  3.175 
381 <X≤ 762 6.35 
762 <X≤ 1524 12.7 
1524 <X≤ 3048 19.05 
3048 <X≤ 3962.4 25.4 
3962.4 <X≤ 4876.8 31.75 
 4876.8 <X≤ 6096  38.1 
> 6096 44.45 
 
 
TABLE 9 Diameter Tolerances of Circles Sheared from Hot-Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled 
Sheet (Over 304.8 mm. Width) (All Designations) 
 
Specified Thickness, A mm. Tolerances Over Specified Diameter, mm. (No Tolerances Under)  
 ≤ 762 762 <X≤ 1219.2  > 1219.2 
1.1176 <X≤ 1.4478  1.5875 3.175 4.7625 
1.4478 <X≤ 2.4892 2.38125 3.96875 5.55625 
> 2.4892 3.175 4.7625 6.35 
A 1.8034 mm. minimum thickness for hot-rolled high-strength low-alloy steel sheet. 
 
8.2 The appropriate thickness tolerance tables for measurements taken 10 mm from the edge are found in 
Section S1 of the Supplementary Requirements in this specification. See the appropriate product specification 
for instructions on how to specify. 
 
8.3 When thickness is measured using hand held micrometers make sure all standard procedures for taking 
measurement are adhered to including instrument checking for zero error and other defaults, holding position 
etc. Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having 
minimum diameters of 480 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or 
rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for 
thickness measurements.  
 
8.4 Flatness Tolerances 
8.4.1 Standard flatness tolerances are contained in Tables 13 and 14 for hot-rolled sheet and Table 20  for 
cold-rolled sheet. 
8.4.2 Measurement techniques for flatness characteristics are described in Annex B . 
8.4.3 Two alternative methods for flatness determination are the use of I-units and percent steepness.  A 
description of these two alternative methods is contained in Annex B . 
8.4.3.1 The use of I-units or percent steepness as a flatness standard is subject to negotiation between the 
purchaser and the producer. 
8.4.3.2 Measurement techniques for I-units, percent steepness, and rejection limits are subject to negotiation 
between the purchaser and the producer. 
  
10 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 9 Finish and Condition 
9.1 Hot-rolled sheet has a surface with an oxide or scale resulting from the hot-rolling operation. The oxide or 
scale can be removed by pickling or blast cleaning when required for press-work operations or welding. Hot-
rolled and hot-rolled descaled sheet is not generally used for exposed parts where surface is of prime 
importance. 
9.1.1 Hot-rolled sheet can be supplied with mill edges or cut edges as specified. Mill edges are the natural 
edges resulting from the hot-rolling operation. They do not conform to any particular contour. They may also 
contain some edge imperfections, the more common types of which are cracked edges, thin edges (feather), 
and damaged edges due to handling or processing and which should not extend in beyond the ordered width. 
These edge conditions are detrimental where joining of the mill edges by welding is practiced. When the 
purchaser intends to shear or to blank, a sufficient width allowance should be made when purchasing to 
ensure obtaining the desired contour and size of the pattern sheet.  The manufacturer may be consulted for 
guidance. Cut edges are the  normal edges which result from the shearing, slitting, or trimming of mill-edge 
sheet. 
9.1.1.1 The ends of plain hot-rolled mill-edge coils are irregular in shape and are referred to as uncropped 
ends. Where such ends are not acceptable, the purchaser’s order should so specify. Processed coils such as 
pickled or blast cleaned are supplied with square-cut ends. 
 
9.2 Cold-rolled carbon sheet (exposed) is intended for those applications where surface appearance is of 
primary importance. This class will meet requirements for controlled surface texture, surface quality, and 
flatness. It is normally processed by the manufacturer to be free of stretcher strain and fluting. 
Subsequent user roller leveling immediately before fabrication will minimize strain resulting from aging. 
9.2.1 Cold-rolled carbon sheet, when ordered for exposed applications, can be supplied in the following 
finishes: 
9.2.1.1 Matte finish is a dull finish, without luster, produced by rolling on rolls that have been roughened by 
mechanical or chemical means to various degrees of surface texture depending upon application. With some 
surface preparation matte  finish is suitable for decorative painting. It is not generally recommended for bright 
plating. 
 
9.2.1.2 Commercial bright finish is a relatively bright finish having a surface texture intermediate between that 
of matte and luster finish. With some surface preparation commercial bright finish is suitable for decorative 
painting or certain plating applications. If sheet is deformed in fabrication the surface may roughen to some 
degree and areas so affected will require surface preparation to restore surface texture to that of the 
undeformed areas. 
 
9.2.1.3 Luster finish is a smooth bright finish produced by rolling on ground rolls and is suitable for decorative 
painting or plating with additional special surface preparation by the user. The luster may not be retained after 
fabrication; therefore, the formed parts will require surface preparation to make them suitable for bright plating. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  11
 TABLE 10 - Camber TolerancesA for Hot-Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet 
(All Designations) (Cut Lengths) 
 
NOTE 1—Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on the 
concave side with a straightedge. 
 
Cut Length, mm Camber Tolerances, mm. 
≤ 1219.2  3.175 
1219.2 <X≤ 1828.8 4.7625 
1828.8 <X≤ 2438.4 6.35 
2438.4 <X≤ 3048 7.9375 
 3048 <X≤ 3657.6 9.525 
3657.6 <X≤ 4267.2 12.7 
 4267.2 <X≤ 4876.8 0.625 
 4876.8 <X≤ 5486.4 19.05  
 5486.4 <X≤ 6096 0.875  
6096 <X≤ 9144 31.75  
9144 <X≤ 12192  38.1 
A The camber tolerance for coils is 25.4 mm. in any 6096 mm.  
 
TABLE 11 Out-of-Square Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Cut-Edge (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet 
(All Designations) (Cut Lengths) 
 
Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching 
one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the cut length. The out-
of-square deviation is one half of that difference. The tolerance for all thicknesses and all sizes is 1.5875mm./  
152.4 mm. of width or fraction thereof. 
 
 
TABLE 12 Restricted Squareness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet 
(All Designations) (Cut Lengths) 
 
When cut lengths are specified restricted squareness, the width and the length are not less than the 
dimensions specified. The individual tolerance for over-width, over-length, camber, or out-of-square should not 
exceed 1.5875 mm. up to and including 1219.2 mm. in width and up to and including 3048 mm. in length. For 
cut lengths wider or longer, the applicable tolerance is 3.175 mm. 
 
9.4 Cold-rolled high-strength low-alloy sheet is supplied with a matte finish, unless otherwise specified. 
 
9.5 The cold-rolled products covered by this specification are furnished with cut edges and square cut ends, 
unless otherwise specified. 
9.5.1 The term cut edge refers to the edge resulting from trimming the hot-rolled mill edge that is formed 
during the  hot-rolling process. At the producer’s option, the edge shall be trimmed at any process step after 
the hot-rolling process step to the final process step. 
9.5.1.1 The term slit last edge is a cut edge that was edge-trimmed at the final process step. 
(1) If the purchaser requires the edge to be trimmed at the final process step, the term slit last edge shall be 
shown on the purchase order.  
12 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 (2) If the producer decides to trim the edge at the final process step, without being required by the purchaser, 
the term slit last edge is not required, since this condition falls under the term cut edge as described in 9.5.1. 
 
TABLE 13 Flatness TolerancesA of Temper Rolled or Pickled Hot-Rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB 
(All Designations) 
 
Specified Minimum 
Thickness, mm. Specified 
Width, mm. Flatness Tolerances, C mm.  
Specified Yield Strength, min,  MPa 
< 310  310 <X≤ 380D 380 <X≤ 550D 550 <X≤ 690D 
0.6858 <X≤ 1.4478  ≤ 914.4 12.7 19.0 25.4 31.75 
914.4 <X≤  1524  19.0 28.575 38.1 44.45 
> 1524 25.4 . . . 44.45 50.8 
1.4478 <X< 4.572 ≤ 1524 12.7 19.0 25.4 31.75 
1524<X≤ 1828.8 19.0 28.575 38.1 44.45 
> 1828.8 25.4 38.1 44.45 50.8 
4.572 <X< 5.842  ≤ 1524  12.7 19.0 25.4 31.75 
1524<X≤ 1828.8  19.0 28.575 38.1 44.45 
> 1828.8 25.4 38.1 44.45 50.8 
A The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed. 
B Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil 
set removed. 
C Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface. 
D 0.071 minimum thickness of HSLA. 
E The term Levelled also includes but is not limited to Tension Levelled, Stretcher Levelled, Roller Levelled, & Z-Mill 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  13
 TABLE 14 Flatness TolerancesA of Non-Processed Hot-rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB (All Designations) 
 
Specified Minimum 
Thickness, mm. Specified Width, 
mm. Flatness Tolerances, C mm. 
Specified Yield Strength, min, MPa 
< 310  310 <X≤ 380D 380 <X≤550D 550 <X≤ 690D 
0.6858< X ≤  1.4478 304.8 <X≤ 914.4  38.1 57.15 63.5 69.85 
914.4 <X≤ 1524  57.15 85.725 88.9 95.25 
> 1524 76.2 . . . 120.65 127 
1.4478 < X < 4.572 304.8 <X≤ 1524  38.1 57.15 63.5 69.85 
1524 <X≤ 1828.8  57.15 85.725 88.9 95.25 
> 1828.8 76.2 114.3 120.65 127 
4.572 < X < 5.842 304.8 <X≤ 1524 38.1 57.15 63.5 69.85 
1524 <X≤ 1828.8  57.15 85.725 88.9 95.25 
> 1828.8 76.2 114.3 120.65 127 
A The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed. 
B Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil 
set removed. 
C Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface. 
D 0.071 minimum thickness of HSLA. 
 
9.6 Oiling 
9.6.1 Plain hot-rolled sheet is customarily furnished not oiled. Oiling must be specified, when required. 
9.6.2 Hot-rolled pickled or descaled sheet is customarily furnished oiled. If the product is not to be oiled, it 
must be so specified since the cleaned surface is prone to rusting. 
9.6.3 Cold-rolled products covered by this specification can be furnished oiled or not oiled as specified. 
 
9.7 Sheet steel in coils or cut lengths may contain surface imperfections that can be removed with a 
reasonable amount of metal finishing by the purchaser. 
 
10. Workmanship 
10.1 Cut lengths shall have a workmanlike appearance and shall not have imperfections of a nature or degree 
for the product, the grade, class, and the quality ordered that will be detrimental to the fabrication of the 
finished part. 
10.2 Coils may contain some abnormal imperfections that render a portion of the coil unusable since the 
inspection of coils does not afford the producer the same opportunity to remove portions containing 
imperfections, as in the case with cut lengths. 
 
10.3 Surface Conditions:  
10.3.1 Exposed cold-rolled sheet is intended for applications where surface appearance is of primary 
importance, that is, exposed applications. Unexposed or annealed cold-rolled sheet is intended for 
applications where surface appearance is not of primary importance, that is, unexposed applications. 
10.3.2 Cut lengths for exposed applications shall not include individual sheets having major surface 
imperfections (holes, loose slivers, and pipe) and repetitive minor surface imperfections. Cut lengths may 
contain random minor surface imperfections that can be removed with a reasonable amount of 
metal finishing by the purchaser. These imperfections shall be acceptable to the purchaser within the 
manufacturer’s published standards. 
10.3.3 For coils for exposed applications, it is not possible to remove the surface imperfections listed in 10.3.2. 
Coils will contain such imperfections which shall be acceptable to the purchaser within the manufacturer’s  
14 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 published standards. Coils contain more surface imperfections than cut lengths because the producer does 
not have the same opportunity to sort portions containing such imperfections, as is possible with cut lengths. 
10.3.4 Cut lengths for unexposed applications shall not include individual sheets having major surface 
imperfections such as holes, loose slivers, and pipe. In addition, unexposed cut lengths can be expected to 
contain more minor imperfections such as pits, scratches, sticker breaks, edge breaks, pinchers, cross 
breaks, roll marks, and other surface imperfections than exposed. These imperfections shall be acceptable to 
the purchaser without limitation. 
10.3.5 For coils for unexposed applications, it is not possible to remove the surface imperfections listed in 
10.3.4. Coils will contain surface imperfections that are normally not repairable. Minor imperfections shall be 
acceptable to the purchaser within the manufacturer’s published standards. Unexposed coils contain more 
surface imperfections than exposed coils. 
 
TABLE 15 Thickness Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A —25.4-mm. Minimum Edge 
Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths) 
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 25.4 mm. from a side edge. 
 
NOTE 2—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles 
having minimum diameters of mm. 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be 
flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of mm. 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not sui 
for thickness measurements. 
 
NOTE 3—The thickness of material <50.8 mm. wide shall be measured at mid-width. 
 
Specified 
Width, mm. Specified Ordered Thickness, mm.B 
<  0.3556 
 0.3556 <X≤ 
0.4826 0.4826A 
<X≤ 0.9906 0.9906 < X≤ 
1.4478 1.4478 <X≤ 
1.8034 1.8034 <X≤ 
2.4892 2.4892 <X≤ 
3.6068 
Thickness Tolerances, Over, mm., No Tolerance UnderC 
≤ 381 0.0254 0.0508 0.0762 0.1016 0.127 0.127 0.127 
381<X≤1828.8 0.0254 0.0508 0.0762 0.1016 0.127 0.127 0.1524 
> 1828.8 . . .D . . .D 0.0762 0.1016 0.127 0.1524 0.1778 
A Minimum Thickness, 0.5334 mm. for high-strength, low-alloy. 
B The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum. 
C The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under. 
D Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined. 
 
TABLE 16 Length Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations) 
(Cut Lengths Over 304.8 mm. in Width) 
 
Specified Length, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Length, mm. 
No Tolerances Under 
304.8 <X≤ 762 3.175 
762 <X≤ 1524 6.35 
1524 <X≤ 2438.4 12.7 
2438.4 <X≤ 3048 19.0 
3048 <X≤ 3962.4 25.4 
3962.4 <X≤ 4876.8 31.75 
4876.8 <X≤ 6096 38.1 
> 6096 44.45 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  15
 TABLE 17 Length Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations) 
(Cut Length Sheets, to 304.8 mm. in Width) 
 
NOTE 1—This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet. 
 
Specified Length, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Length, mm. 
No Tolerance Under  
609.6 <X≤ 1524 12.7 
1524 <X≤ 3048 19.0 
3048 <X≤ 6096 25.4 
 
TABLE 18 Width Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A 
(Coils and Cut Lengths to 304.8 mm. Width) 
 
Specified Width, mm. Width Tolerance, Plus and Minus, mm. 
≤ 152.4 0.3048 
152.4 <X≤ 228.6 0.4064 
228.6 <X≤ 304.8 0.8128 
A 0.508 mm. minimum thickness for high-strength low-alloy. 
 
 
TABLE 19 Camber Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet in Coils (All Designations)A 
(Coils to 304.8 mm. in Width) 
 
NOTE 1—Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on the 
concave side with a straightedge. 
NOTE 2—This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.  
 
Width, mm.  Camber Tolerance  
≤ 304.8 6.35 mm. in any 2438.4 mm 
A 0.508 mm. minimum thickness for high-strength low-alloy. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
16 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 TABLE 20 Flatness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet Cut Length (All Designations) 
 
NOTE 1—This table does not apply when product is ordered full hard, to a hardness range, or “annealed last” (dead soft). 
NOTE 2—This table also applies to lengths cut from coils, when adequate flattening measures are performed to remove 
all undesirable flatness conditions, including, but not limited to, coil set. 
 
Specified Thickness, 
mm. Specified Width, mm. Flatness  Tolerance,A mm. 
Specified Yield Point, min, MPa 
< 310  310 <X≤ 380D 
≤ 1.1176 ≤  914.4  9.525 19.0 
914.4 <X≤ 1524  15.875 28.575 
> 1524  22.225 38.1 
> 1.1176 ≤  914.4  6.35 19.0 
914.4 <X≤ 1524  9.525 19.0 
1524 <X≤ 1828.8  15.875 28.575 
> 1828.8  22.225 38.1 
A Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface. 
B Tolerances for high-strength, low-alloy steel with specified minimum yield point in excess of 380 MPa are 
subject to negotiation. 
 
11. Retests and Disposition of Non-Conforming Material 
11.1 Retests  
11.1.1 Unless otherwise prohibited by the product specification, retests are permitted under the following 
circumstances: 
11.1.1.1 If any tension test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it must be discarded and 
another specimen substituted. 
 
11.1.1.2 If the percent elongation of any tension test specimen is less than that specified and any part of the 
fracture is more than 20 mm from the center of the gauge length  of a 50 mm specimen, or is outside the 
middle half of the gauge length of a 200 mm specimen, as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the 
specimen before testing, a retest is allowed. 
 
11.1.1.3 If the test result of any tension test specimen fails to meet the specification requirements and the 
failure is the result of improper adherence to tension test procedures, a retest is permitted. 
 
11.1.1.4 If the test result of an original tension test specimen fails to meet the specification requirements and 
the failure is not related to the conditions described in 11.1.1.1 – 11.1.1.3, but the results are within 14 MPa of 
the required yield strength, within  14 MPa of the required tensile strength, or within 2 percentage points of the 
required elongation, one retest shall be permitted to replace the failing test. 
 
11.1.2 The retest specimen shall be taken either adjacent to the first failed specimen or selected at random 
from the material to be certified to the specification. 
 
11.1.3 If the results of a retest satisfy the specified tension test requirements and all other requirements of the 
applicable specification are satisfied, the material shall be accepted. 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  17
 11.2 Disposition of Non-Conforming Material 
11.2.1 In those cases where the lot is found to be nonconforming, and resampling of non-conforming material 
is not prohibited by the specification, resampling is permitted under the following circumstances and using the 
following practices: 
11.2.1.1 If the results of an original tension test or retest specimen fail to satisfy the specification 
requirements, and the failed test results are not related to the conditions described in 11.1, the lot shall be 
quarantined and resampled for certification of the non-conforming material to the specification requirements. 
 
11.2.1.2 Resampling for certification of the non-conforming material shall include the discarding of out-of-
specification material and the resampling of the lot. The resampling shall be appropriate to the specific out-of-
specification condition and the processing history of the lot. 
 
11.2.1.3 A maximum of two resampling efforts shall be permitted. If after conducting two resampling efforts, 
the material does not satisfy the specification requirements, the lot shall be rejected. 
 
12. Inspection 
12.1 When purchaser’s order stipulates that inspection and tests (except product analyses) for acceptance on 
the steel be made prior to shipment from the mill, the manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all 
reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the steel is being produced and furnished in accordance with the 
specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s 
operation. 
 
13. Rejection and Rehearing 
13.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection shall be reported to the manufacturer within a reasonable time 
after receipt of material by the purchaser. 
13.2 Material that is reported to be defective subsequent to the acceptance at the purchaser’s works shall be 
set aside, adequately protected, and correctly identified. The manufacturer shall be notified as soon as 
possible so that an investigation may be initiated. 
 
13.3 Samples that are representative of the rejected material shall be made available to the manufacturer. In 
the event that the manufacturer is dissatisfied with the rejection, he may request a rehearing. 
 
14. Test Reports and Certification 
14.1 When test reports are required by the purchase order or the material specification, the supplier shall 
report the results of all test required by the material specification and the order. 
 
14.2 The manufacturer or processor shall issue a test report or optional certificate of compliance, or both, 
when required by the purchase order or the specification. 
 
14.3 The test report shall show the heat analysis and the results of all tests required by the purchase order 
and seller and by the specification. 
 
14.4 The certificate of compliance shall include a statement that the product was manufactured and tested in 
accordance with the requirements of the specification and that the test results conform to the requirements of 
the specification. 
 
NOTE 4—The heat analysis, results of all tests, and the certificate of compliance may be reported separately on in a 
combined report. 
 
14.5 Steel processors shall pass transfer data supplied by the steel manufacturer provided the processing has 
not altered the attributes represented. In cases where the steel is retested the processor is responsible for the 
accuracy of the data and shall maintain traceability back to its source. Retesting for heat analysis shall be  
18 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 done in accordance with the any Standard Test Methods. The report shall clearly identify the physical product 
it represents. 
 
14.6 Test reports and certificates of compliance shall provide information necessary to identify the product 
represented; for example the manufacturer’s name or brand, the processor’s name or brand or the seller’s 
name or brand, EAS specification number and year date, product designation, type or class, as applicable, 
and all other information necessary to completely identify the material. 
 
14.7 A signature is not required on test reports or certifications. However, the document shall clearly identify 
the organization submitting the document. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organization 
submitting the document is responsible for the content of the document. 
 
14.8 When required, copies of the original material manufacturer’s test report shall be included with any 
subsequent test report. 
 
14.9 A Material Test Report, Certificate of Inspection, or similar document printed from or used in electronic 
form from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be regarded as having the same validity as 
a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted document must meet the 
requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement between the 
purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI 
transmission is responsible for the content of the report. 
14.9.1 The content of the EDI document shall meet all the requirements of 14.3 through 14.6. 
 
NOTE 5—The industry definition as invoked here is: EDI is the computer to computer exchange of business information in 
an agreed upon standard format. 
 
15. Product Marking 
15.1 As a minimum requirement, the material shall be identified by having the manufacturer’s name,  
designation, weight, purchaser’s order number, and material identification legibly stenciled on top of each lift 
or shown on a tag attached to each coil or shipping unit. 
 
15.2 Bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary identification method. 
 
16. Packing and Package Marking 
16.1 Unless otherwise specified, the sheet shall be packaged and loaded in accordance with any Standard 
Practices. 
 
16.2 When coils are ordered, it is customary to specify a minimum or range of inside diameter, maximum 
outside diameter, and a maximum coil weight, if required. The ability of manufacturers to meet the maximum 
coil weights depends upon individual mill equipment. When required, minimum coil weights are subject to 
negotiation. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  19
 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS 
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the purchase 
order or contract. 
 
S1. Thickness Tolerances 
S1.1 See Tables S1.2-S1.6. 
 
TABLE S1.2 Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel)—  9.525-mm. 
(Cut Edge) and 19.0-mm. (Mill Edge) Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including 
Pickled) 
 
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 9.525 mm. from a cut edge and not less than 
19.0 mm. from a mill edge. This table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils. 
 
NOTE 2—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of mm. 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a 
minimum radius of curvature of mm. 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements. 
 
NOTE 3—This table was used to construct Table 5 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.75 and rounding to 3 
decimal places using standard practice. 
 
NOTE 4—The thickness of material <25.4 mm. wide shall be measured at mid-width. 
 
Specified 
Width, mm. Specified Ordered Thickness, mm.A 
0.7874 
<X≤ 
1.2954, 
incl 1.2954 
<X≤ 
1.4986, 
incl Over 
1.4986 
<X≤ 1.778, 
incl Over 
1.778 <X≤ 
2.0828, 
incl Over 
2.0828 
<X≤ 
2.4892, 
incl Over 
2.4892 
<X≤ 
4.572, 
excl 4.572 
<X≤ 
5.842, 
excl 
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm., No Tolerance UnderB 
≤ 381 0.254 0.254 0.3048 0.3048 0.3556 0.3556 0.3556 
381<X≤ 508  0.254 0.254 0.3048 0.3556 0.3556 0.4064 0.4064 
508<X≤812.8 0.3048 0.3048 0.3556 0.3556 0.3556 0.4064 0.4572 
812.8<X≤1016  0.3048 0.3048 0.3556 0.3556 0.4064 0.4064 0.4572 
1016<X≤1219.2  0.3048 0.3556 0.3556 0.3556 0.4064 0.508 0.508 
1219.2<X≤1524 . . .C 0.3556 0.3556 0.3556 0.4064 0.508 0.508 
1524<X≤1828.8 . . .C . . .C 0.4064 0.4064 0.4572 0.5588 0.5588 
1828.8<X≤2032 . . .C . . .C . . .C 0.4064 0.4572 0.6096 0.6096 
> 2032 . . .C . . .C . . .C . . .C 0.508 0.6096 0.6096C 
A The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a 
nominal or minimum. 
B The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). 
For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under. 
C Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
20 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 TABLE S1.3 Thickness Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A —9.525-mm. Minimum 
Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths) 
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 9.525 mm. from a side edge. 
 
NOTE 2—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of   4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum 
radius of curvature of   2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements. 
 
NOTE 3—This table was used to construct Table 15 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.50 and rounding to 3 
decimal places using standard practice. 
 
NOTE 4—The thickness of material <25.4 mm. wide shall be measured at mid-width. 
 
Specified 
Width, 
mm. Specified Ordered Thickness, mm.B 
< 0.3556, 
 0.3556 <X≤ 
0.4826 0.4826A 
<X≤ 0.9906 0.9906 <X≤ 
1.4478 1.4478 <X≤ 
1.8034, 
 1.8034 <X≤ 
2.4892 
 2.4892 <X≤ 
3.6068 
Thickness Tolerances, Over, mm., No Tolerance UnderC 
≤ 381 0.0508 0.1016 0.1524 0.2032 0.254 0.254 0.254 
381 <X≤ 
1828.8 0.0508 0.1016 0.1524 0.2032 0.254 0.254 0.3048 
> 1828.8 . . .D . . .D 0.1524 0.2032 0.254 0.3048 0.3556 
A Minimum Thickness, 0.5334 mm. for high-strength, low-alloy. 
B The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a 
nominal or minimum. 
C The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). 
For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under. 
D Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined. 
 
TABLE S1.5 Thickness Tolerances [Metric] for Hot-Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel)—10-
mm (Cut Edge) and 20-mm (Mill Edge) Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including 
Pickled) 
 
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 10 mm from a cut edge and not less than 20 
mm from a mill edge. This table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils. 
 
NOTE 2—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum 
radius of curvature of 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements. 
 
NOTE 3—The thickness of material <25 mm wide shall be measured at mid-width. 
 
Specified Width, mm Specified Ordered Thickness, mmA 
Through 2.0 
 2.0 <X≤ 2.5 
 2.5 <X≤ 4.5 
 4.5 <X≤ 6.0 
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm, No Tolerance UnderB 
≤ 600 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.40 
600 <X≤ 1200 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 
1200 <X≤ 1500 0.35 0.40 0.50 0.50 
1500 <X≤ 1800 0.40 0.45 0.55 0.56 
1800 <X≤ 2000 0.40 0.45 0.60 0.60 
> 2000 . . .C 0.50 0.60 0.60C 
A The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a 
nominal or minimum. 
B The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, not tolerance under). 
For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under. 
C Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined. 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  21
 TABLE S1.6 Thickness Tolerances [Metric] for Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A —10-mm 
Minimum Edge Distance 
 
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 10 mm from a side edge. 
 
NOTE 2—Widths up to and including 300 mm in this table apply to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet. 
 
NOTE 3—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of  mm. 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a 
minimum radius of curvature of  2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements. 
 
NOTE 4—This table was used to construct Table A1.12 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.50 and rounding to 2 
decimal places using standard practice. 
 
NOTE 5—The thickness of material <25-mm wide shall be measured at mid-width. 
 
Specified Width, mm  Specified Ordered Thickness, mmB 
Over Through Through 0.4  0.4 <X≤ 1.0 1.0 <X≤ 1.2 1.2 <X≤ 2.5 2.5 <X≤ 4.0 
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm, No Tolerance UnderC 
... 1800 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 
1800 2000 . . .D 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.35 
2000  . . .D  . . .D  0.30  0.30  0.35  0.40 
A 0.55-mm minimum thickness for high-strength low-alloy. 
B The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum. 
C The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under. 
D Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
22 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 ANNEX A 
(Normative) 
A1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS AND MASS IN SI UNITS  
A1.2 Listed in A1.17 are permissible variations in dimensions and mass expressed in the International System 
of Units (SI) terminology. 
 
TABLE A1.2 Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel)—15-mm (Cut 
Edge) and 25-mm (Mill Edge) Minimum Edge Distance 
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) 
 
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 15 mm from a cut edge and not less than 25 
mm from a mill edge. This table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils. 
 
NOTE 2—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of 0.188 mm. [4.80 mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a 
minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 mm. [2.55 mm]. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness 
measurements. 
 
NOTE 3—This table was constructed by multiplying the values in the standard table by 0.75 and rounding to 2 decimal 
places using standard practice. 
 
NOTE 4—The thickness of material <50 mm wide shall be measured at mid-width. 
 
 
Specified Width, mm Specified Ordered Thickness, mmA 
Through 2.0 
 2.0 <X≤  2.5 
 2.5 <X<  4.5 
 4.5 <X<  6.0 
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm, No Tolerance UnderB 
≤ 600 0.22 0.26 0.30 0.30 
600 <X≤  1200 0.26 0.30 0.34 0.38 
1200 <X≤ 1500 0.26 0.30 0.38 0.38 
1500 <X≤ 1800 0.30 0.34 0.41 0.42 
1800 <X≤ 2000 0.30 0.34 0.45 0.45 
> 2000 . . .C 0.38 0.45 0.45C 
A The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum. 
B The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, not tolerance under). For nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under. 
C Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.  
 
TABLE A1.3 Width TolerancesA of Hot-Rolled Mill Edge Sheet (All Designations) 
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) 
 
Specified Width, mm Width Tolerance, Over Only, mm  
Over Through  Carbon HSLA 
300 600 16 16 
600 1200 26 28 
1200 1500 32 38 
1500 1800 35 45 
1800 . . . 48 50 
A The above tolerances do not apply to the un cropped ends of mill edge coils (9.1.1.1).  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  23
 TABLE A1.4 Width Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Cut Edge Sheet (All Widths) and Cold-Rolled Sheet 
(Widths Over 300 mm)—(All Designations)A  
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) 
 
Specified Width, mm Width Tolerance, Over Only, mm 
Over Through 
. . . 600A 3 
600 1200 5 
1200 1500 6 
1500 1800 8 
1800 . . . 10 
A Cold rolled widths 300 mm and less, refer to Table A1.15. 
 
TABLE A1.5 Length Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet (All Designations) 
(Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) 
Specified Length, mm Length Tolerance, Over Only, mm 
Over Through 
300 600 6 
600 900 8 
900 1500 12 
1500 3000 20 
3000 4000 25 
4000 5000 35 
5000 6000 40 
6000 . . . 45 
 
 
 
 
  
24 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 TABLE A1.6 Diameter Tolerances of Circles from Hot-Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet 
(Over 300 mm Width) (All Designations) 
Specified ThicknessA , mm  Tolerances Over Specified Diameter, mm (No  Tolerances Under) 
Over Through Diameters, mm 
≤ 600 600 <X≤ 1200 > 1200 
. . . 1.5 1.5 3.0 5.0 
1.5 2.5 2.5 4.0 5.5 
2.5 . . . 3.0 5.0 6.5 
A 1.8 mm minimum thickness for hot-rolled high-strength low-alloy steel sheet. 
 
TABLE A1.7 Camber TolerancesA for Hot-Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (All 
Designations) (Cut Lengths) 
NOTE 1—Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on the 
concave side with a straightedge. 
 
Cut Length, mm Camber TolerancesA , mm 
Over Through 
. . . 1200 4 
1200 1800 5 
1800 2400 6 
2400 3000 8 
3000 3700 10 
3700 4300 13 
4300 4900 16 
4900 5500 19 
5500 6000 22 
6000 9000 32 
9000 12 200 38 
A The camber tolerance for coils is 25.0 mm in any 6000 mm. 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  25
 TABLE A1.8 Out-of-Square Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Cut-Edge (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled 
Sheet (All Designations) (Cut Lengths) 
Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching 
one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the cut length. The out-
of-square deviation is one half of that difference. The tolerance for all thicknesses and all sizes is 1.0 mm/100 
mm of width or fraction thereof. 
 
TABLE A1.9 Restricted Squareness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled 
Sheet (All Designations) (Cut Lengths) 
When cut lengths are specified restricted squareness, the width and the length are not less than the 
dimensions specified. The individual tolerance for overwidth, over-length, camber, or out-of-square should not 
exceed 1.6 mm up to and including 1200 mm in width and up to and including 3000 mm in length. For cut 
lengths wider or longer, the applicable tolerance is 3.2 mm. 
 
TABLE A1.10 Flatness TolerancesA of Temper Rolled or Pickled Hot-Rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB (All 
Designations)  
Specified Thickness, 
mm Specified 
Width, mm Flatness ToleranceC , mm  
Specified Yield Strength, min, MPaD 
Over Through ≤ 310 310 <X≤ 380  380 <X≤ 550 550 <X≤ 690 
1.2 1.5 ≤ 900 15 20 25 30 
900 <X≤ 1500 20 30 40  45 
over 1500 25 . . . 45  50 
1.5 4.5 ≤ 1500 15 20 25 30 
1500 <X≤ 1800 20 30 40  45 
> 1800 25 40 45  50 
4.5 6.0 excl ≤ 1500 15 20 25 30 
1500 <X≤ 1800 20 30 40  45 
> 1800 25 40 45  50 
A The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed. 
B Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil 
set removed. 
C Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface. 
D The term Levelled also includes but is not limited to Tension Levelled, Stretcher Levelled, Roller Levelled, & Z-Mill. 
  
26 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 TABLE A1.11 Flatness TolerancesA of Non-Processed Hot-Rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB 
(All Designations)  
Specified Thickness, 
mm Specified 
Width, mm Flatness ToleranceC , mm  
Specified Yield Strength, min, MPaD 
Over Through ≤ 310 310 <X≤ 340  380 <X≤ 550 550 <X≤ 690 
1.2 1.5 ≤ 900 45 60 70  80 
900 <X≤ 1500 60 90 100  110 
> 1500 75 . . . 130  140 
1.5 4.5 ≤ 1500 45 60 70  80 
1500 <X≤ 1800 60 90 100  110 
> 1800 75 120 130  140 
4.5 6.0 excl ≤ 1500 45 60 70  80 
1500 <X≤ 1800 60 90 100  110 
> 1800 75 120 130  140 
A The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed. 
B Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil 
set removed. 
C Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  27
 TABLE A1.12 Thickness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A —25-mm Minimum Edge 
Distance  
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 25 mm from a side edge. 
NOTE 2—Widths up to and including 300 mm in this table apply to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet. 
NOTE 3—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum 
radius of curvature of 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements. 
NOTE 4—This table was constructed by multiplying the values in the standard table by 0.50 and rounding to 2 decimal 
places using standard practice. 
NOTE 5—The thickness of material <50 mm wide shall be measured at mid-width. 
Specified Width, mm Specified Ordered Thickness, mmB 
Over  Through Through 0.4  0.4 <X≤ 1.0   1.0 <X≤ 1.2   1.2 <X≤ 2.5   2.5 <X≤ 4.0  
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm, No Tolerance UnderC 
... 1800 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.15 
1800 2000 . . .D 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.18 
2000 . . .D . . .D 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.20 
A 0.55 mm minimum thickness for high-strength low-alloy. 
B The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum. 
C The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under. 
D Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined. 
 
TABLE A1.13 Length Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations) 
(Cut Lengths Over 300 mm in Width)  
Specified Length, mm Tolerance Over Specified Length 
(No Tolerance Under), mm 
Over Through 
300 1500 6 
1500 3000 20 
3000 6000 35 
6000 . . . 45 
  
28 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 TABLE A1.14 Length Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations) 
(Cut Length Sheets, to 300 mm in Width) 
NOTE 1—This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet. 
 
Specified Length, mm Tolerances Over Specified  Length 
(No Tolerance Under), mm 
Over Through 
600 1500 15 
1500 3000 20 
3000 6000 25 
 
TABLE A1.15 Width Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A 
(Coils and Cut Lengths to 300 mm in Width) 
NOTE 1—This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet. 
Specified Width, mm Width Tolerance, Over and 
Under, mm 
Over Through 
50  100  0.3 
100  200  0.4 
200  300  0.8 
A 0.50 mm thickness for high-strength low-alloy. 
 
TABLE A1.16 Camber Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet in Coils (All Designations)A 
(Coils to 300 mm in Width) 
NOTE 1—Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurements being taken on the 
concave side with a straightedge. 
NOTE 2—This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet. 
Width, mm Camber Tolerances 
Through 300, incl  5.0 mm in any 2000 mm 
A 0.50 mm minimum thickness for high-strength low-alloy. 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  29
 TABLE A1.17 Flatness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet Cut Length (All Designations)A 
NOTE 1—This table does not apply when product is ordered full hard, to a hardness range or “annealed last” (dead soft). 
NOTE 2—This table applies to lengths cut from coils, when adequate flattening measures are performed to remove all 
undesirable flatness conditions, including, but not limited to, coil set. 
Specified 
Thickness, mm Specified Width, mm Flatness Tolerance, mm Specified Yield 
Point, min, MPa 
Over Through Under 310 MPa 310 to 340MPaB 
≤ 1.0 . . . 900 10 20 
900 1500 15 30 
1500  20 40 
> 1.0 . . . 900 8 20 
900 1500 10 20 
1500 1800 15 30 
1800 . . . 20 40 
A Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface. 
B Tolerances for high-strength, low-alloy steel with specified minimum yield point in excess of 340 MPa are subject to 
negotiation. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
30 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
 ANNEX B 
 (Informative) 
B1. ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR EXPRESSING FLATNESS 
B1.1 Introduction and Definitions 
B1.1.1 In addition to the conventional expression of flatness, the “maximum deviation from a horizontal flat 
surface,” at least two other flatness parameters have been developed and are in use for characterizing sheet 
with longitudinal waves or buckles. These are steepness index and flatness index (or “I-unit”), that are 
illustrated using the example in Fig. B1.1. 
B1.1.2 Steepness Index— Fig. B1.1 (a) shows a representation of a sheet sample exhibiting edge waves of 
height, H, and interval, L. The steepness index value for this sample is defined as: 
 
steepness index = H » L 
 
Often, the steepness value is expressed as a percentage: 
 
           % steepness = S = (H » L) x 100 
B1.1.3 I-Units— Making a series of lengthwise cuts to the sample in Fig. B1.1  (a) relaxes elastic stresses 
present in the sheet and results in narrow strips of differing lengths, as shown in Fig. B1.1  (b). Using the 
length of one of these strips as a reference ( Lref), the I-unit value ( I) for an individual strip is defined as: 
 
I = (Δ L » Lref) x 105 
where: 
 
FIG. B1.1 Representation of Sheet Sample With Edge Waves (a) and Strips of Differing Length That Result 
from Making Longitudinal Cuts Along Sample (b) 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  31
 ΔL is the difference between the length of a given strip and the reference strip. 
B1.1.4 For the special case of waves/buckles that are perfectly sinusoidal in character, the following 
relationship applies: 
 
I = [(π/2) (H/L)] 2 x105 
 
or: 
I = 24.7S2 
 
Table B1.1  provides I-unit values based on the sinusoidal approximation for wave heights up to 12.7-mm. 
(increments of 0.79375 mm.) and intervals between 254 and 1016 mm. (increments of 1 mm.). Mathematical 
relationships between the three representations of flatness described here are given in Table B1.2 ; these 
relationships can be used to convert between I-unit, % steepness, and wave height values (see examples in 
Table B1.2 ). 
 
B1.2 Flatness Evaluation Example and Determination of I-Unit or % Steepness Value 
B1.2.1 While the strip is on an inspection table, find the locations on the strip that are not lying flat on the 
table. If no flatness deviation can be found, that portion of the coil (head/middle/tail) can be described as flat 
(that is, zero I-unit or zero % steepness). 
 
B1.2.2 If the coil is not totally flat, the height of the deviation must be determined and recorded. If the coil has 
edge waves, a step gauge (incremented in intervals of 1.5875 or 0.79375 mm.) can be inserted under a wave 
to determine the height. If the coil exhibits flatness deviation in the center of the strip, a lightweight straight 
edge can be placed on the highest portion of the buckle and on the highest portion of the next repeating 
buckle. The height can then be determined by inserting a step gauge between the straight edge and the strip. 
 
B1.2.3 Along with the height, the wave period or wave interval must also be determined. The wave interval 
can be obtained by using a standard tape measure or straight edge to measure the distance between the 
highest point of one flatness deviation to the highest point of the next repeating flatness deviation.  
 
B1.2.4 After determining height and wave interval, either the I-unit or % steepness value can be obtained. To 
determine the I-unit flatness, locate the appropriate height and wave interval in Table B1.1  and read the I-unit 
value at the intersection of the two measurements. To determine % steepness, divide the height by the wave 
interval and multiply the result by 100. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
32 © EAC 2020 – All rights reserved
  
TABLE B1.1 I-Unit Conversion Chart 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE B1.2 Flatness Conversion FactorsA 
 
NOTE 1— “L” is the wave interval as defined in Fig. B1.1 (a). 
 
 I Unit Height % Steepness  
I Unit (I) 1 2L/π   √ /10-5 
   2/π  √ /10-1 
 
Height (H) 
(peak to 
peak)  
( Hπ/2L) 2 x 105 1 (100H) 
L 
% Steepness (S) 2.5 (π S)2 (LS) 
100 1 
A Examples—(1) Assume % steepness is given as 1.5 and the corresponding I-unit value is desired. From Table B1.2,       
I = 2.5(πS)2 = 2.5[(3.14)(1.5)]2 = 55.5. 
(2) Assume an I-unit value of 25 is given and the corresponding % steepness is desired. From Table B1.2, S = 2/π (I × 
10−1)1/2 = 2/3.14 (25 × 10−1 )1/2 = 1.0. 
 
  
© EAC 2020 – All rights reserved  33
 Bibliography 
[1] KS 1513, Specification for steel sheet and strip, heavy thickness coils, carbon, hot-rolled  
[2] ISO 14284, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical 
composition  
[3] ASTM A568/A568M − 17a — Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-
Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements