Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
                                                                   
                                                                               
 
 
 
 
 
DRAFT  TANZANIA STANDAR D 
 
Marine shrimp feed – Specification  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
TANZANIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS  
 
Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
 Marine shrimp feed  – Specification  
  
0 FOREWORD  
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing sub -sectors  in the country. A large 
number of aquaculture farms on specific lines have been established. This 
Tanzania standard lays d own specifications aiming at ensuring the safety and 
quality of marine shrimp  feed produced or traded in the country.   
 
In the preparation of this Tanzania  Standard subs tantial assistance was drawn 
from Indian standard , IS 16150 (Part 3): 2014  Fish Feed – Specification P art 3 
Marine Shrimp Feed . 
 
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this 
Tanzania  Standard, if the final value observed or ca lculated is to be rounded off, 
it shall be  done in accordance with TZS 4 (see clause 2) . 
 
1.0 SCOPE  
This Tanzania  Standard prescribes the requirements, methods of sampling  and 
test for  marine shrimp  (Penaeus monodon  and Litopenaeus vannamei ) feed for 
their grow -out culture.  
 
2.0 NORMATIVE REFERENCES  
The following referenced standards are indisp ensable for the application of this 
draft standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated 
references, the latest edition of the referen ced standard  (including any 
amendments) applies.  
  
TZS 4  – Rounding off numerical values . 
TZS 122-1 – Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs – Horizontal method 
for the detection of Salmonella spp . 
TZS 538  – Labelling of  pre-packaged foods — General requirements  
TZS 730 -1– Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs – Horizontal method 
for the detection of Escher ichia coli   
TZS 821  – Animal feeding stuffs – Preparation of t est samples  
TZS 826  – Animal feeding stuffs – Determination of Aflatoxin B 1 content of mixed 
feeding stuffs – Method using high -performance liquid chromatography  
TZS 2044 – Animal feeding stuffs – Determination of ash insoluble in 
hydrochloric acid  
TZS 2472  – Animal  feeding stuffs – Determination of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid 
detergent lignin (ADL) Contents  
TZS 2473  – Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of  crude ash  
TZS 2476  – Animal feeding stuffs -Determination of fat content  
TZS 2478  – Animal feeding stuffs – Determination of moisture and other volatile 
matter content  
TZS 2480  – Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of nitrogen content and 
calculation of  crude protein content - Part 1: Kjeldahl me thod 
TZS 2482  – Animal feeding  stuffs, animal products , and faeces or urine - 
Determination of gross calorific value - Bomb calorimeter method  
TZS 2488  – Animal feeding stuffs – Sampling  
 Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
 3.0 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS  
For the purpose of this Tanzania standard, the following terms and definit ions 
shall apply:  
 
3.1 starter feed  
feed to be fed to post lar vae of penaeid shrimp in grow -out ponds until they attain 
a mass of about 7.0 g  
 
3.2 grower feed  
feed to be fed to gr owing shrimp of about 7.0 g until they attain a mass of about 
20 g 
 
3.3 finisher feed  
feed to be fed to growing shrimp of above 20 g mas s. 
 
4.0 REQUIREMENTS  
 
4.1 General requirements  
4.1.1  Feed form  
4.1.1.1  Starter feed shall be in meal/mash form  
4.1.1.2 Grower  feed  and finisher  feed shall be in the form of sinking pellets  
 
4.1.2 Marine shrimp feed ;  
4.1.2.1 Shall be fresh, free from rancidity,  musty and objectionable odour, 
adulterants, moulds and insect infestation.  
 
4.1.2.2 Ingredients  
The ingredients  listed in Annex A shall only be used for manufacturing marine 
shrimp feed.  
 
4.1.3 Water stability of pellets  
The feed pellets should be stab le without disintegration in water for 2 h minimum. 
The water stability shall not be less than 90 percent after 1 h whe n tested as per 
Annex B . 
 
4.2 Specific requirements  
Penaeus monodon  feed shall conform  to the requirements given in Table 1 and 
Litopenaeus  vannamei  feed shall conform to the requirements given in Table 2 . 
 
Table 1: Requirements for Penaeus monodon feed 
S/No Parameters   Requirements  Methods of test 
(See clause 2)   Starter  Grower  Finisher  
1 Moisture, %, 
m/m, max  12.0 12.O  12.0 TZS 2478  
2 Crude protein 
(6.25 X N), %,  
m/m, Min  35.0 32.0 30.0  TZS 2480  
3 Crude fat, %,  
m/m, min  5.0 5.0 5.0 TZS 2476  Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
 4 Crude fibre, %,  
m/m, max  3.0 4.0 5.0  TZS 2472   
5 Acid insoluble 
ash, %, m/m, 
max 4.0 5.0 5.0  TZS 2044  
6  Gross energy, 
kcal/kg , min 3200  3200  3000  TZS 2482  
7 Phosphorus, %, 
m/m, max  1 1 1 ICP/AAS  
NOTE  – The requirements specified for parameter s (2) to (7) are on moisture -
free basis  
 
Table 2: Requirements for Litope naeus vannamei feed  
S/No  Parameters   Requirements  Methods of test 
(See clause 2)  Starter  Grower  Finisher 
1 Moisture, %, 
m/m, max  12.0 12.O  12.0 TZS 2478  
2 Crude protein 
(6.25 X N ), %,  
m/m, Min  35.0 30.0 25.0  TZS 2480  
3 Crude fat, %, 
m/m, min  5.0 5.0 5.0 TZS 2476  
4 Crude fibre, %, 
m/m, max  3.0 4.0 5.0  TZS 2472   
5 Acid insoluble 
ash, %, m/ m, 
max 4.0 5.0 5.0  TZS 2044  
6  Gross energy, 
kcal/kg, min  3000 3000 2800 TZS 2482    
NOT E – The requirements specified for parameters (2) to ( 6) are on moisture -
free basis  
 
5 HYGIENE  
5.1 Marine shrimp feed  shall be prepared under strict hygienic conditions 
according to TZS 10 9 (see clause 2).  
5.2 Marine shrimp feed  shall comply with microbiolo gical limits as shown in Table 
3;  
 
Table 3: Status for microbiol ogical tolerance of Marine shri mp feed  
S/No.  Microorganism  
 Status  Test methods 
(see clause 2 ) 
1. Salmonella spp /25g 
   Absent  TZS 122 -1 
2. Escherichia coli, cfu/g  
   Absent  TZS 730 -1 
 
 
 
 Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
  
6.0 CONTAMINANTS  
6.1 Pesticide residues  
 Marine shrimp feed  shall comply with pesticide residue s limits as prescribed in 
the Codex Alimentarius Commission .  
 
6.2 Aflatoxins B1 
Aflatoxins B1 content of the Marine shrimp feed  shall not exceed 0.05mg/kg in 
accor dance with the test method prescribed in  TZS 826 . 
  
6.3 Heavy metals  
Marine shrimp  feeds shall c omply with t he limits of heavy metals as specified in 
the Table 4 when tested in accordance with the methods specified therein . 
 
Table 4: Heavy metals  contami nants 
S/No Heavy metal  Limits  (mg/kg, max)  Test Method  
(see clause 2)  
1) Mercury (Hg)  0.5 ICP/A AS 
2) Lead (Pb)  1.0 TZS 268  
3) Arsenic (As)  2.0 TZS 76  
4) Cadmium (Cd)  5.0  ICP/AAS   
 
7.0 SAMPLING  AND TESTS  
7.1 Sampling  
Sampling  of Marine shrimp feed  shall be done according to TZS 2488  and TZS 
821 (see clause 2).  
 
7.2 Tests  
Testing of marine shrimp feed  shall be done according to test metho ds 
prescribed in Table s 1, 2 and 3. 
8.0 PACK ING, MARKING  AND LABELLING  
8.1 Pack ing 
Marine shrimp feed  shall be packed in clean and sound containers capable of 
protecting the product from moisture ingress, contamination and spillage during 
normal handling and transportation. The containers shall be sealed/stitched in a 
manner that the product wi ll be effectively protected.   
 
8.2 Marking  and labelling  
8.2.1 Marine  shrimp feed containers  shall be marked and labelled  in accordan ce 
with TZS 538 (see clause 2).  In addition,  each c ontainer  shall be legibly and 
indelibly marked with the following inform ation:  
 
a) Name of the product,   
b) Type of the marine shrimp feed  and growth stage ,  
c) Name and address of the manufacturer;   
d) Batch or code number;  Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
 e) Date of production;  
f) Net weight in metric unit ; 
g) Expiry date ; 
h) Country of origin ; 
i) Storage  instructions ; 
j) Guaranteed ana lysis, 
 
8.3 The container ma y also be marked with TBS Certification Mark.  
 
NOTE  – The TBS Standards Mark of Quality may be used by the 
manufacturers only under license from TBS. Particulars of 
conditions under which the licenses  are granted may be obtained  
from TBS.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex A  
(normative)  
 
 
INGREDIENTS FOR MARINE SHRIMP FEED  
A-1 In the compounding of marine shrimp feed a variety of ingredients are used.  
This Annex gives a list of such ingredients.  
 
A-1.1 Ingred ients of Animal Origin  
 
a) Bone  meal, 
b) All crustacean meals,  
c) Squid me al and all other squid products,  
d) Molluscan meal (clam, mussel, etc. ), 
e) Silk worm pupae,  
f) Squid oil , 
g) Squid liver oil , 
h) Fish oil , 
i) Blood meal , 
j) Meat meal , 
k) Fishmeal  and all other fish products , 
 
A.1.2 Ingredients of Plant Origi n 
 
a) Soybean cake ( meal ), 
b) Ground nut oilcake (expeller -pressed or solvent extracted) , 
c) Sesame ( sesamum indicum orientale ) oil cake (expeller -pressed or 
solvent extracted),  
d) Cotton seed oil cake (decorticated) (expeller -pressed or so lvent extracted)  
e) Sunflower oilcake (decorticated or undecorticated),  
f) Copra cake, coconut oil cake (expeller -pressed or solvent extracted),  
g) Mustard oilcake,  
h) Wheat and  wheat products,  
i) Rice and its products/broken rice,  
j) Maize and maize products,  
k) Any other edi ble cereal and its products,  
l) Rice bran,  
m) Wheat bran,  
n) Edible vegetable oils,  
o) Soybean lecithin,  Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
 p) Algal  meals,  
q) Sea weeds,  
r) Corn gluten, and  
s) Sorghum meal,  
t) Alfalfa meal (Lu cerne meal) – dried grass meal , 
u) Potatoes ( solanum tuberosum ), 
v) Brewer’s yeast and dried grai ns, 
w) Sugarcane molasses . 
 
 
A.1.3 Other  ingredients  
- Common salt , 
- Dicalcium phosphate ( as TZS) , 
- Calcium lactate ,  
- Limestone , 
- Vitamin s,  
- Minerals,  
- Yeast and yeast extrac ts, 
- Spirulina,  
- Brewery by –products,  
- Molasses,  
- Tapioca and its products,  
- Binders,  
- Single ce ll protein,  
- Attractants,  
- Nucleotides,  
- Amino acids,  
- Pigments,  
- Toxin binders and clay,  
- Dunaliella,  
- Antifungals,  
- Peptiglycans,  
- Β-glucans, and  
- Fuccoidan.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX B  
(Normative ) 
DETERMINATION OF WATER STABILITY OF SHRIMP FEED PELLETS  
 
B-1 PRINCIPLE  
 
Water stabilit y of dry marine shrimp feed pellets is determined by the loss in 
mass of pellets kept in water f or specified time interval. The loss in mass of 
pellets indicates the stability, higher the loss poorer the stability.  
 
B-2 APPARATU S 
 
B-2.1 Oven  
 
B-2.2 Nylon M esh 
 
B-2.3 Sieve (2.4 mm)  
 
B-2.4 Balance  
  
B-2.5 Glass Beaker (1 litre)  
 
B-2.6 Stop Watch  
 
B-3 PROCEDURE  
  
Wash cone shaped pouches made of nylon mesh ( 1 mm  mesh size ) thoroughly 
and dry at 700C to constant mass in an oven. Take  about 2 g of feed pellets i n 
each pouch and record exact initial mass. Take 5 -6 such pouches for each 
sample. Place the pou ches with feed pellets at the bottom of 1 litre beaker 
containing one litre seawater (30 parts per thousands). Record w ater 
temperat ure, salinity and pH of the seaw ater. After prescribed time, slowly take 
out pouches with pellets out of the water. Examine the pellets for their physical 
shape. Wash the adhering salt on the pellets by dipping in fresh water for 5 min. 
Dry the pouches wit h pellets at 700C to constan t mass. Difference in the initial 
mass and final mass of the pellets gives loss in mass at 70 0C.  
 
D-4 CALCULATION  
  Dra ft standard for discussion -TBS        AFDC 9 (274) CD3 
 
 Water stability is calculated using the following formula:  
 
Precent   Final mass (g) * Percent dry matter        * 100  
Water =   Initial m ass (g) * Percent dry matter  
stability