PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
 
ICS 29.180                                                                                                                                                   Edition 1              
 
 
 
 
 
 
ESWATINI  NATIONAL STANDARD  
 
 
 
Minimum Energy Perfo rmance Standards for 
Distribution Transformers  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Published by: Eswatini Standards Authority  
Marbel Construction, Plot 247, 11th Street King Mswati III Avenue West  
P. O. Box 1399, Matsapha, Kingdom of Eswatini  
Telephone: +268 2518 4633, F acsimile: +268 2518 4526  
Website: www.swasa.co.sz  
E-mail: info@swasa.co.sz  
©Eswatini Standards Authority 20 22 
 PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
Edition 1  
 
 
ii            ©SWASA 2022 – All rights reserved  
          
  
 
COPYRIGHT NOTICE  
 
This Eswatini  Standards Authority  (SWASA) docu ment is a n Eswatini  National  Public Review  Draft 
Standard and is copyright -protected by SWASA. Neither this SWASA document  nor any extract from 
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electronic, photo copying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.  
 
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to : 
 
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Eswatini  Standards Authority  
P.O. Box 1399, Matsapha  
Tel. + 268 2518 4633  
Fax: + 268 25 18 4526  
E-mail: info@swasa.co.sz   
Website: www.swasa.co.sz  
 
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.  
Violators may be prosecuted.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
Edition 1  
 
©SWASA 2022 – All rights reserved                iii
                
 
Table of changes  
 
Clause Changed  Change  
 
  
  
 
NATIONAL FOREWORD  
 
This Eswatini  Public Review Working  Draft Standard was prepared by Technical Committee 
SWASA/TC 36 Electrical wiring and energy in accordance with procedures of the Eswatini  Standards 
Authority, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT Agreement.  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
Edition 1  
 
 
iv            ©SWASA 2022 – All rights reserved  
          
 Table of Contents  
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 2 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 2 
4 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 3 
4.1 Energy Performance Requirements  ................................ ................................ ..............................  4 
   4.2 PCB requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 6 
5.1 Product Information Requirements  ................................ ................................ ...............................  6 
5.2 Technical Documentation Requirements  ................................ ................................ ......................  6 
5.3 Compliance Certification and Registration Requirement  ................................ .............................  7 
5.4 Referenced Test Standards, Compliance Certification and Surveillance Testing  ........................  7 
6 Entry into Force  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  8 
7 Declaration of Conformity  ................................ ................................ ..........................  8 
8 Labelling requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................  9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
Edition 1  
©SWASA 20 22 – All rights reserv ed                 1 
 Minimum Energy Performance Standards — Distribution Transformers  
1 Scope   
The purpose of this document is to provide specifications for the energy losses  for single -phase and 
three -phase liquid -immersed  distribution transformers  where three levels of efficiency are defined  as 
per Section 4.1 of this document.  Parties sho uld pay special attention to the tiers of losses stipulated 
for transformers, their period of applicability, the marking of the rating plate in accordance with the 
stipulated tiers of losses and the requirement for accurate label ling according to the tiers  of losses as 
described by Table 1 and Table 2 in Section 4.1  
 
The maximum allowable losses stipulated in this document  take precedence over the losses stipulated 
in any other transformer s tandard or specification.  Purchasers must issue this  standard with any 
enquiry for the procurement of distribution  transformers .  
 
The responsibility for enforcement of this document lies with the Energy Regulator of Eswatini and 
the party procuring distribution transformers. Suppliers of transformers  that fail to comply with the 
terms of this document  will face penalties in line with the capitalized cost of losses over the projected 
lifetime of the transformer, and risk being blacklisted as a provider of distribution transformers to 
Eswatini.  
This standard  applies to liquid-immersed  distribution transformers that are manufactured in, or 
imported into the Eswatini, and are either sold, installed or put into service as standalone equipment 
or as a component of a system, and which meet the following criteria:  
Distribution tr ansformers within scope have:  
 2 windings per phase;  
 a rated capacity equal to or between 5 kVA and 3150 kVA;  
 a primary voltage greater than 1,1 kV, but not exceeding 36 kV; and  
 are designed for use in electricity networks or industrial applications .  
 
Distribution transformers regardless of when they were first placed on the market or put into service, 
shall be reassessed for conformity,  and comply with this standard  if they are subject to replacement 
operations both of the core (or part thereof) and on e (or more) of the complete windings.  
 
This standard  does not apply to:  
 instrument transformers, specifically designed to transmit an information signal to measuring 
instruments, meters, relays and other similar apparatus.   
 dry type transformers;  
 transfor mers with low -voltage windings specifically designed for use with rectifiers to 
provide a DC supply.   
 transformers specifically designed to be directly connected to a furnace.   
 transformers specifically designed for offshore applications and floating offsh ore 
applications .  
 transformers specially designed for emergency installations .  
 transformers and auto -transformers specifically designed for railway feeding systems . 
 earthing or grounding transformers, this is, three -phase transformers intended to provide  a 
neutral point for system grounding purposes .  PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
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   traction transformers mounted on rolling stock, this is, transformers connected to an AC or 
DC contact line, directly or through a converter, used in fixed installations of railway 
applications .  
 starting tr ansformers, specifically designed for starting three -phase induction motors so as to 
eliminate supply voltage dips .  
 testing transformers, specifically designed to be used in a circuit to produce a specific voltage 
or current for the purpose of testing ele ctrical equipment .  
 welding transformers, specifically designed for use in arc welding equipment or resistance 
welding equipment . 
 transformers specifically designed for explosion -proof and underground mining applications . 
 transformers specifically designed  for deep water (submerged) applications; and  
 Medium Voltage (MV) to Medium Voltage (MV) interface transformers up to 5 MVA.  
2 Normative references  
The following standards are used as a reference:  
 
IEC 60076 -1, Power transformers – Part 1: General  
IEC TS  60076 -20:2017 , Power transformers – Part 20: Energy efficiency  
SANS780:20 21, Distribution transformers  
 
3 Terms and definitions  
The definitions are as defined in IEC TS 60076 -20.  
3.1 
efficiency  
ratio of output active power to input active power . 
 3.2 
electrical losses  
electrical power consumed by the transformer at a particular value of transmitted apparent power 
excluding the power consumed by the cooling system  
3.3 
efficiency index method A  
EIA 
ratio of the transmitted apparent power of a transformer m inus electrical losses including the power 
consumed by the cooling to the transmitted apparent power of the transformer for a given load factor . 
3.4 
efficiency index method B  
EIB 
ratio of the transmitted apparent power of a transformer to the transmitted a pparent power of the 
transformer plus electrical losses for a given load factor  
3.5 
peak efficiency index  
PEI 
highest value of efficiency index method A that can be achieved at the optimum value of load factor   PRD/SZNS 071 :2022  
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©SWASA 20 22 – All rights reserved                                                  3 
 Note 1 to entry: To characterize the energy p erformance of power transformers, it is useful to define an index 
that is relevant to the transformer design applicable to a wide range of uses rather than a figure that varies from 
second to second depending on system conditions. For this reason, a metric , the peak efficiency index, has been 
developed and used, which is based on active power losses and total apparent power transmitted and is 
independent of load phase angle, load factor and rated power.  
3.6 
input apparent power  
Sinput  
input voltage multip lied by the input current  
Note 1 to entry: This is an apparent power.  
Note 2 to entry: For three phase transformers, a factor √3 shall be added.  
3.7 
output apparent power  
Soutput  
output voltage multiplied by the output current  
Note 1 to entry: This is  an apparent power.  
Note 2 to entry: For three phase transformers, a factor √3 shall be added.  
3.8 
transformer load factor  
k 
ratio of the actual input current to the rated current of the transformer  
3.9 
load factor of peak efficiency index  
kPEI 
load fa ctor at which the peak efficiency index (3.5) occurs  
3.10 
transmitted apparent power  
kSr 
product of the load factor and the rated power  
4 General requirements   
All distribution transformers in the scope of this standard  as defined in Section 1 , that are  
manufactured in, undergo repair (as defined in the scope) in or are imported into the countr y, shall 
meet the minimum energy performance requirements of Section 4 .1, the product and technical 
information  requirements, and the certification and registratio n requirements of Section 5. The related 
reference test standards, compliance certification and surveillance testing requirements are as listed in 
Section 5 . PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
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  4.1 Energy Performance Requirement s 
Transformers in the scope of this standard  shall comply with t he maximum allowed load and no -load 
losses values set out in the following tables. If not otherwise specified, three phase or single -phase  
power transformers shall be evaluated against the rated power of the individual unit. Maximum 
allowable losses rated powers that fall in between the given values shall be obtained by linear 
interpolation.  
Table  1 Maximum load loss and maximum no load loss for  liquid -immersed  single -phase 
transformers with Um <= 36kV and rated frequency equal to 50 Hz  
Rated 
power  
(kVA)  Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 
 Maximum 
load 
losses  
(in W)  Maximum 
no-load 
losses  
(in W)  EIA50 
% Maximum 
load 
losses  
(in W)  Maximum 
no-load 
losses  
(in W)  EIA50 
% Maximum 
load 
losses  
(in W)  Maximum 
no-load 
losses  
(in W)  EIA50 
% 
5 133 37 97.17%  123 28 97.68%  112 18 98.18%  
10 243 44 97.90%  224 33 98.23%  205 21 98.56%  
15 331 58 98.13%  305 43 98.42%  278 27 98.71%  
16 346 60 98.16%  319 44 98.45%  292 28 98.73%  
25 486 83 98.36%  448 61 98.61%  410 39 98.87%  
32 599 93 98.48%  552 69 98.71%  505 44 98.94%  
50 889 119 98.63%  819 88 98.83%  749 56 99.03%  
64 1070  145 98.71%  986 106 98.90%  901 68 99.08%  
100 1535  211 98.81%  1414  155 98.98%  1293  99 99.16%  
 
Table  2 Maximum load loss and maximum no load loss for liquid -immersed three -phase 
transformers with Um <= 36kV and rated freq uency equal to 50 Hz  
Rated 
power  
(kVA)  Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 
 Maximum 
load 
losses  
(in W)  Maximum 
no-load 
losses  
(in W)  EIA50 
% Maximum 
load 
losses  
(in W)  Maximum 
no-load 
losses  
(in W)  EIA50 
% Maximum 
load 
losses  
(in W)  Maximum 
no-load 
losses  
(in W)  EIA50 
% 
25 520 70 98.40%  460 56 98.63%  400 42 98.86%  
50 880 110 98.68%  782.5  92 98.85%  685 74 99.02%  
100 1500  190 98.87%  1340  156 99.02%  1180  122 99.17%  
160 2200  270 98.98%  1930  225 99.12%  1660  180 99.26%  
250 3100  380 99.08%  2715  320 99.20%  2330  260 99.33%  
315 3600  450 99.14%  3200  387 99.25%  2800  324 99.35%  
400 4400  540 99.18%  3825  463.5  99.29%  3250  387 99.40%  
500 5200  630 99.23%  4550  544.5  99.33%  3900  459 99.43%  
630 6200  750 99.27%  5400  645 99.37%  4600  540 99.46%  
800 7500  900 99.31%  6750  742.5  99.39%  6000 585 99.48%  
1000  8900  1070  99.34%  8200  855 99.42%  7500  640 99.50%  
1250  10500  1260  99.38%  9650  1025  99.45%  8800  790 99.52%  
1600  12800  1520  99.41%  11800  1247.5  99.48%  10800  975 99.54%  
2000  15100  1790  99.44%  14050  1460  99.50%  13000  1130  99.56%  
2500  18000 2120  99.47%  16750  1720  99.53%  15500  1320  99.58%  
3150  21500  2520  99.50%  20250  2075  99.55%  19000  1630  99.59%  
 PRD/SZNS 071 :2022  
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©SWASA 20 22 – All rights reserved                                                  5 
 The losses given in Table 1 and 2 above can be weighted by the correction factors given in Table 3 
below, in order to take account of variatio ns related to the highest voltage for equipment values.  
The level of losses given in Table 1 and 2 above shall be weighted by the correction factors given in 
Table 4 below, in order to take account of variations related to dual voltage windings.  
For distribution  transformers having dual voltage on both windings for which both voltages on one 
winding are fully rated in combination with one of the voltages on the other winding, the levels of 
losses shall be based on the highest power and the values indicate d in Table 1 and 2 above can be 
increased by 15 % for no load losses and by 10 % for load losses. The level of losses shall refer to the 
highest voltages of both windings. This remains valid even if further voltage combinations are 
available.  
For a distri bution  transformer having an insulation level according to Table 3 below and having dual 
voltage according to Table 4 below the loss level shall take into account both corrections.  
Table 3 correction of load loss and no-load loss applicable to other insul ation levels . 
Ref Highest voltage for equipment values  Correction of load loss and no -load loss  
1 One winding with 1,1 kV <  Um ≤ 24 kV 
andtheotherwith1,1kV<Um ≤24kV  The maximum losses indicated in Table 1 and 2 can 
be increased by 10 % for no load loss and by 10 % for 
load loss.  
2 One winding with 24 kV < Um ≤ 36 kV 
and the other with Um ≤ 1,1 kV  The maximum losses indicated in Table 1 and 2 can 
be increased by 15 % for no load loss and by 10 % for 
load loss and short circuit impedance unless otherwise 
specified should be increased by adding a value of 0,5 
%. 
3 One winding with 24 kV < Um ≤ 36 kV 
and the other with Um > 1,1 k V The maximum levels of losses indicated in Table 1 
and 2 can be increased by 20 % for no load loss and 
by 15 % for load loss and short circuit impedance 
unless otherwise specified should be increased by 
adding a value of 0,5 %.  
 
Table 4 Correction of loa d loss and no -load loss applicable to dual voltage . 
Ref Dual voltage  Correction of load loss and no -load loss  
A One winding  In the case of power transformers with one high -
voltage winding and two voltages available from 
tapped low -voltage winding, losses shall be calculated 
based on the higher low -voltage and shall comply 
with the levels indicated in Table 1 and 2.  
The maximum available power on the lower low 
voltage  on such power transformers shall be no more 
than 0,85 times its rated power.  
In the case  of power transformers with one high -
voltage winding with two voltages available from a 
tap, the maximum available power on the lower high -
voltage on such power transformer shall be limited to 
0,85 of its nominal rated power.  
In the case where the full ra ted power is available 
regardless of the combination of voltages, the levels of 
losses indicated in Table 1 and 2 can be increased by 
15 % for no load loss and by 10 % for load loss. Such 
levels of losses shall refer to the highest voltage.  
B Both windin gs The maximum allowable losses indicated in Table 1 
and 2 can be increased by 20 % for no load losses and PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
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  by 20 % for load losses for power transformers with 
dual voltage on both windings if the rated power is the 
same regardless of the combination of vol tages. The 
level of losses shall refer to the highest voltages of 
both windings. This remains valid even if further 
voltage combinations are available  
 
4.2 PCB requirements  
All imported Transformers wit hin the scope of this document  shall comply with the Stockholm 
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and shall not contain PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyls) 
fluids or other hazardous materials as defined in the relevant international, regional and national 
regulations  Marking requirements .  
5.1 Product I nformation Requirements  
The following product information requirements for distribution  transformers included within the 
scope of this standard  shall be included in any related product documentation, including free access 
websites of manufacturers:  
a) informa tion on rated power  
b) load loss and no -load loss  
c) the tier of losses  according to Tables 1 and 2.  
d) the electrical power of any cooling system required  
e) information on the weight of all the main components of a power transformer  (including at 
least the conductor , the nature of the conductor and the core material)  
f) manufacturer/repairer name  
g) year of manufacturing/repa iring 
h) serial number  
 
The above -mentioned  information shall also be durably marked on the rating plate of the distribution  
transformer.  The transformer ’s loss category as per the tier level described in Table 1 and 2 of this 
document shall be clearly displayed immediately below the manufacturer’s  logo/name.  
 
5.2 Technical Documentation Requirements  
The following information shall be included in the techn ical documentation of distribution  
transformers:  
a) manufacturer's/repairer’s name and address  
b) model identifier, the alphanumeric code to distinguish one model from other models  of the 
same manufacturer  
c) the information required under Section  5.1 above.  PRD/SZNS 071 :2022  
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©SWASA 20 22 – All rights reserved                                                  7 
 5.3 Compliance Certification and Registration Requirement  
The transformer’s energy performance must be tested in accordance with the requirements set by IEC 
60076 -1. 
 
Test Certificates  
Test certificates from the following laboratories are accepted:  
a) Manufacturer s’ in-house test laboratories . 
b) Third party test laboratories that have been accredited by their respective national 
accreditation bodies or by an internationally  accreditation body for a measurement expanded 
uncertainty, as defined in  IEC 60076 -19 and refe rring to a coverage factor k = 2 (i.e. to a 
confidence level of about 95 % assuming a normal distribution), not exceeding 5 %.  
Registration  
Importers and manufacturers/repairers of transformers covered by this standard  must register 
themselves with the de signated authority, following the prescribed procedure, accompanied by the 
required documents and information and the applicable fees.  
 
Transformer designs covered by this standard  must be registered with the designated authority 
through the submission of the full product and technical information as required under Sections 5.1 
and 5.2 , together with the test certificates as required by the Test Certificates clause above.  
 
Note   
Transformer designs that are already registered with other countries that are m embers of a recognised 
official “Regional Energy Efficiency Certificate Mutual Recognition Agreement” or equivalent may 
be registered by providing the registration certificate of the respective country.  Purchasers should 
however, verify that the losses of the transformers comply with the requirements of this standard. ] 
5.4 Referenced Test Standards, Compliance Certification and Surveillance Testing  
The metrics, referenced standards, compliance certification, and surveillance testing criteria are set 
out in this section.  
 
Main Reference  
• IEC 60076 -1 Power transformers - Part 1: General  
 
 
Supplementary References  
IEC 60076 -2 Power transformers - Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid - immersed transformers  
IEC 60076 -3 Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation leve ls, dielectric tests and external clearances in 
air  
IEC 60076 - Power transformers - Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse 
testing - Power transformers and reactors  
IEC 60076 -5 ed3 - Power transformers - Part 5: Ability to withstand sh ort circuit  PRD/SZNS  071:2022  
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  IEC 60076 -6 - Power transformers - Part 6: Reactors  
IEC 60076 -7- Power transformers - Part 7: Loading guide for oil -immersed power transformers  
IEC 60076 -8-Power transformers - Part 8: Application guide  
IEC 60076 -10 -Power transformers - Part 10: Determination of sound levels  
IEC 60076 -10-1 -Power transformers - Part 10 -1: Determination of sound levels - Application guide  
IEC 60076 -11-Power transformers - Part 11: Dry -type transformers  
IEC 60076 -13- Power transformers - Part 13: Self -protec ted liquid -filled transformers  
EC 60076 -14 -Power transformers - Part 14: Design and application of liquid -immersed power 
transformers using high -temperature insulation materials  
IEC/TS 60076 -19 -Power transformers - Part 19: Rules for the determination o f uncertainties in the 
measurement of losses in power transformers and reactors  
IEC/TS  60076 -20 -Power transformers - Energy efficiency  
IEC 60137 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 V  
IEC 60296 Fluids for electro technical applications – Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers 
and switchgear  
EN 50329 Railway applications – Fixed installations – Traction transformers  
IEC 61378 -1 Converter transformers - Part 1: Transformers for industrial applications  
IEC 61869 -1:2007 Instrument transformers  - Part 1: General requirements  
SANS -780 South African National Standard: Distribution Transformers  
6 Entry into Force  
The energy performance requirements set out in Section 4  shall take effect as follows:  
 Tier 1 - one (1) year after adopti on of MEPS or 1 July 2023, whichever is sooner  
 Tier 2 - four (4) years after adoption of MEPS or 1 July 2026, whichever is sooner  
 Tier 3 - seven (7) years after adoption of MEPS or 1 July 2029, whichever is sooner  
All other requirements set out in Secti ons 4 and 5  shall take effect from one (1) year after adoption of 
MEPS.  
7 Declaration  of Conformity  
Compliance with the requirements of this standard  shall be demonstrated in accordance with the 
provisions of Sections 4 and 5 . Suppliers (i.e. importers an d manufacturers/repairers) shall provide the 
information and technical documentation necessary for the market surveillance authority to assess 
conformity and verify compliance and any additional optional claims.  
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©SWASA 20 22 – All rights reserved                                                  9 
 This information and technical documentati on can be provided by the supplier as a Conformity 
Assessment Report (CAR) and/or entered into the relevant product registration database or supplied in 
any other format as reasonably determined by the market surveillance authority.  
 
The conformity assess ment information and documentation should:  
 
a) demonstrate that the product model fulfils the requirements of this Standard ; 
b) provide any other information required to be present in the technical documentation  file; 
c) specify the reference settings and condition s in which the product complies with this  
Standard . 
 
The information shall be submitted to the designated authority by the supplier for review prior to 
placing the product on the market.  
 
If the CAR or application for registration for the designated model  is approved, which is confirmed by 
written correspondence from the designated authority and/or listing of the product on the relevant 
product registration system, the model may be placed on the market.  
 
If a CAR or application for registration is rejecte d, a written explanation shall be provided to the 
submitter. All aspects identified in the written explanation must be addressed in any revised CAR or 
application for registration.  
 
Until the CAR or application for registration is approved, the product is  ineligible for placement on 
the market. The duration of product CAR or registration validity shall be as reasonably determined by 
the market surveillance authority.  
 
The supplier is obliged to check and update product conformity information, including in forming the 
market surveillance authority of pertinent information as defined by the authority related to product 
compliance without undue delay.  
8 Labe lling requirements  
All distribution transformers manufactured for use in Eswatini should be clearly lab elled to indicate 
the tier of losses that the transformer complies with, in accordance with the requirements of Table 1 
and Table 2 in Section 4.1 of this document. This requirement is in addition to the requirements 
stipulated in Section 5. The labels wil l assist Port Authorities in preventing non -compliant 
transformers from entering Eswatini.  
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The Border p orts Authority will correlate the losses stipulated on the transformer’s rating 
plate and energy label to the tiers of losses stipulated in Table 1 a nd Table 2 of Section 4.1 of 
this document. Non -compliant transformers will not be allowed entry into Eswatini.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ICS