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Trade Policy Review Body    
 
CHILE 
DRAFT MINUTES  OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 11 AND 13 DECEMBER 2023  
Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the 
Secretariat ( Daniela  Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , or to  tprd@wto.org ) no later than  
28 March  2024. 
 
Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales  
 
CHILI 
PROJET DE COMPTE RENDU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 11 ET 13 DÉCEMBRE  2023 
Les délégations sont invitées à soumettre  leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs 
propres déclarations au Secrétariat ( Daniela  Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , ou 
tprd@wto.org ) le 28 mars 2024 au plus tard.  
 
Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales  
 
CHILE 
PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 11 Y 13 DE DICIEMBRE DE 2023  
Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría ( Daniela  Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , 
o tprd@wto.org ) a más tardar el 28 de marzo  de 2024 las correcciones fácticas que deseen 
introducir en sus propias declaraciones.  
 
 
_______________  
 
  
 
* In Original language only/ En langue originale seulement /En el idioma original solamente . WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
CHILE 
DRAFT  MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Saqer Ab dullah Almoqbel (Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  3 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CHILE ................................ ..........  5 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  9 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  12 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CHILE  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  .............  47 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  53 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO  Members, and the replies 
provided by Chile are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/451/Add.1 and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The sixth Trade Policy Review of Chile was held on 11 and 13  December  2023. The Chairperson, 
H.E. Mr Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel (Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia), welcome d the delegation of Chile, 
headed by H.E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza , Undersecretary of International Economic Relations of Chile ; 
H.E. Ambassador Dr  Sofía Boza Martínez, Permanent Representative of Chile to the WTO;  the rest 
of the delegation; and the discussant , H.E. Ambassador  Tan Hung Seng (Singapore) . 
1.2.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Interprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership.  
1.3.  The Chairperson recalle d the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The Report by Chile is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 451, and that of the 
WTO Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 451. 
1.4.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: 
Singapore, Thailand, Guatemala, Australia, Philippines, Colombia, New  Zealand, Brazil, India, 
European  Union, Japan, Switzerland, Costa  Rica, Argentina, United  Kingdom, D ominican  Republic, 
and Canada.  The following delegations submitted written questions after the deadline: Malaysia, 
China, Türkiye , Republic  of Korea, Ecuador, Ukraine, and United  States.  
1.5.  The Chairperson first recalled some elements of Chile's previous Revi ew and developments 
since then, as well as identified  some key issues arising from the advance written questions 
submitted by Members for this TPR.  
1.6.  During the previous Review  in 2015, Members commended Chile for its overall open, 
transparent, and predicta ble trade and investment regimes. They highlighted the resilience and quick 
recovery of its economy following the global economic crisis of 2007 and the progress made in 
reducing poverty.  
1.7.  At that time, Members appreciated Chile's constructive engagement at  the WTO, and its efforts 
to further liberalize its trade with the globe. Moreover, Members noted several positive 
developments, such as the reduction of the duration of anti -dumping and countervailing measures, 
the steps taken towards reinforcing the comp etition regime, the progress made to implement 
international standards for the financial sector, and the adoption of trade facilitation measures, 
notably the implementation of a single window for exports.  
1.8.  Amidst th e positive assessment, some concerns were  raised regarding Chile's continued use of 
a price band system for certain agricultural goods, the complexity of the rules of origin under its 
RTAs, the obligation to use a Chilean customs agent for clearance, the high degree of product and 
market concentr ation in trade, food labelling requirements, and the protection of certain intellectual 
property rights. Members also sought information about Chile's support programmes for exports and 
about the notification of certain sector -specific programmes. Chile wa s encouraged to become a 
party to the GPA and to ratify the TFA.  
1.9.  For th e current  Review, Chile maintained a stable and open trade regime, while also addressing 
the new development, technological, and environmental challenges facing its economy. In this 
regard, Chile has taken steps  to modernize its RTAs by introducing provisions on  different topics 
such as  SMEs, environment, and digital trade.  
1.10.  During the review period, Chile also reformed its investment regime, continued the 
simplification and digitization of its customs processes, and ratified the  TFA in 2016 , modernized the 
rules of origin in some of its RTAs , simplified their administration, and introduced further reforms in 
the areas of competition, intellectual property, and financial services to align its national legislation 
with international standards. Likewise, Chile adopted a number of measures in the energy and 
mining sectors, notably those aimed at increasing the use of renewable energies and the 
development of the lithium industry.  
1.11.  Furthermore, Chile has benefited greatly from its openness and integration into the world 
economy, receiving large FDI flows and achieving one of the highest GDP per  capita in Latin  America WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  with some remaining challenges such as reducing heavy reliance on the copper se ctor and 
diversifying its exports.  
1.12.  In the advance written questions, Members showed keen interest in a wide range of issues, 
some of which were discussed in the previous Review such as the obligation to use a custom agent 
for clearance procedures, the pric e band system, labelling requirements, IP  enforcement, gender 
and environment, Chile 's energy transition, its green taxation regime, Chile's trade diversification 
strategy, and its plans to accede to the GPA.  
1.13.  Members sought further information on some topi cs such as Chile's investment promotion 
strategies, the development of regional and global value chains, the VAT regime, state -owned 
enterprises, Chile 's National Lithium Strategy, and its ports regulatory frameworks.  
1.14.  In total, Chile received 427 advance  written questions from  24 delegations  for this review, 
out of which  288 questions from  17 delegations were sent within the established deadline. Prior to 
the meeting, Chile provided written replies to all questions submitted within the established deadline . 
1.15.  The meeting w as a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of interest 
to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. The Chairperson looked 
forward to a fruitful exchange.  
1.16.  The Chairperson closed his introductory remarks by wishing Chile a very successful 
sixth Trade  Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  2  DECLARACIÓN INICIAL DE LA REPRESENTANTE DE CHILE (EXCMA.  SRA.  CLAUDIA  
SANHUEZA)  
2.1.  Estimados Embajadores, y estimados delegados, es un placer y una alegría para mi estar aquí 
presente en esta relevante Organización multilateral.  
2.2.  En primer lugar, deseo expresar mi gratitud al Presidente del Mecanismo de Examen de las 
Políticas Comerciale s, Embajador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel, así como a todas las delegaciones que 
demostraron interés en este examen. También agradezco el trabajo colaborativo con la Secretaría 
que nos ha permitido contar con un informe exhaustivo, y ha apoyado en el transcurso  de este 
proceso. Quiero destacar nuestro reconocimiento al Embajador de Singapur, Tan Hung Seng, por 
asumir el papel de ponente en este examen.  
2.3.  El examen de política comercial de la Organización Mundial del Comercio emerge como un pilar 
fundamental en la  promoción de prácticas comerciales justas y transparentes a nivel global. Este 
minucioso análisis no solo fomenta la rendición de cuentas de los países Miembros, sino que también 
fortalece la cooperación internacional al proporcionar un espacio para el in tercambio constructivo de 
información y perspectivas.  
2.4.  Chile mantiene una política macroeconómica basada en metas de inflación, tipo de cambio 
flotante, política fiscal responsable y regulación financiera.  
2.5.  El PIB per  cápita de Chile es uno de los más alto s de América  Latina, con US D 15.162 en 2022. 
Según el Fondo  Monetario  Internacional, el PIB per  cápita a poder de paridad de compra alcanza 
USD 29.083 en el mismo año. Tras años de déficit fiscal, Chile logró una de las consolidaciones 
fiscales más profundas a nivel mundial, con un superávit del 1 ,1% del PIB en 2022.  
2.6.  Durante el periodo sometido a examen, se fortaleció la institucionalidad encargada de la política 
comercial de Chile, marcando un hito significativo con la creación, en el año 2018, de la 
Subsecretaría de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales (SUBREI) dependiente del Ministerio de 
Relaciones Exteriores. Que tiene por misión contribuir al desarrollo económico del país mediante el 
diseño y ejecución de políticas orientadas a dirigir y fort alecer las relaciones económicas 
internacionales con el fin de consolidar la inserción de Chile en el mundo, a través de la negociación, 
administración e implementación de acuerdos económicos internacionales; y la activa participación 
de Chile en los foros  y organismos internacionales que configuran las reglas del comercio 
internacional y promoviendo que los beneficios y oportunidades de las relaciones económicas a nivel 
internacional, favorezcan el bienestar de todos los habitantes del país.  
2.7.  Chile es una e conomía profundamente integrada a los mercados internacionales.  
2.8.  En la actualidad, contamos con 33  acuerdos comerciales vigentes con 65  economías, cubriendo 
un 88% del PIB mundial. El 96% de nuestro comercio exterior es destinado a países con los cuales 
tenemos acuerdos. Del total, 25 son acuerdos con economías individuales, mientras que los demás 
son con bloques de economías.  
2.9.  Junto a la apertura al comercio exterior, promoción de nuestras exportaciones, y atracción de 
inversiones, actualmente el Gobierno ha considerado priorizar la productividad, inclusividad, y la 
sustentabilidad en su política comercial. Esto se ve plasmado en tres agendas de trabajo que el 
Gobierno lanzó este año. En lo que respecta a productividad, hemos desarrollado estrategia naciona l 
del litio y de hidrógeno verde. Que incorpora la idea de atraer inversión extranjera directa que genere 
valor agregado. Por otra parte, la Política Exterior Feminista, que tiene como uno de sus pilares: 
género y comercio y que busca la eliminación de bar reras para la plena incorporación de las mujeres 
en la economía. Finalmente, lanzamos recientemente en la COP28 la Política Exterior Turquesa, que 
plantea la búsqueda de oportunidades y soluciones para hacer frente a la triple emergencia 
planetaria asociad a al cambio climático, la pérdida de la biodiversidad y la contaminación.  
2.10.  El comercio internacional de Chile aumentó desde 59% del PIB en el año 2015 a 75% en el 
año 2022, situándose por sobre el promedio regional y mundial. Otro componente que destaca de  
Chile es su apertura unilateral, manteniendo un arancel a la importación en el nivel de 6% 
nación  más favorecida. A pesar de ello, el arancel efectivo de nuestro país en 2022 fue de 0,71%, y WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  el promedio del ad valorem  efectivo de 0,77%. Esto gracias a los  distintos instrumentos bilaterales 
y plurilaterales que hemos negociado en las últimas décadas con nuestros socios comerciales.  
2.11.  Respecto a la inversi ón extranjera directa, Chile se ha posicionado como uno de los principales 
receptores de flujo de IED en la región, principalmente por la solidez política e institucional, y la 
percepción positiva del escenario macroeconómico. Los flujos de IED pasiva entre 2015 y 2021 
fueron de US D 80.345  millones, mientras que el stock de IED llegó a US D 251.224  millones a finales 
de 2021. En 2022, la IED se redujo un 12% a nivel global, pero Chile se posicionó en tercer lugar 
en cuanto atracción de inversiones en Latinoamérica, con 9% del total. En términos de porcentaje 
del PIB, Chile se posiciona número uno, ya que equiva le al 6,9% del PIB.  
2.12.  Chile honra sus compromisos internacionales, y en particular aquellos bajo el paraguas de 
la OMC. Al respecto, prestamos especial atención a estar al día con nuestras notificaciones, por 
cuanto la transparencia es un elemento fundamenta l del sistema multilateral de comercio. En este 
contexto puedo informar que llevamos a cabo un ejercicio de actualización de notificaciones en 
materia de propiedad intelectual, las que fueron presentadas formalmente a la membresía durante 
la tercera sesión  ordinaria del Consejo de los ADPIC, que se llevó a cabo el pasado 30  de octubre. 
En total, este año, se llevaron a cabo 40  notificaciones en lo relativo a propiedad intelectual.  
2.13.  Asimismo, desempeñamos un papel activo en el trabajo regular de la Organizaci ón, de manera 
coordinada con nuestra Misión en Ginebra – para dar seguimiento a todos los asuntos. Nuestro país 
ha participado en las diversas instancias de negociación, incluyendo aquellas plurilaterales 
relacionadas con el comercio electrónico, la reglam entación nacional en servicios, y la facilitación de 
inversiones para el desarrollo. En este último ámbito, Chile está trabajando activamente para 
concluir la integración del Acuerdo en la estructura jurídica de la OMC. Además, participamos 
activamente en el Grupo de Trabajo Informal sobre  las Mipymes y en el Grupo de Trabajo Informal 
sobre Comercio y Cuestiones de Género. Igualmente, hemos buscado contribuir de forma 
significativa en las distintas iniciativas entorno a aspectos medioambientales que han eme rgido en 
la OMC, como en los Debates Estructurados sobre el Comercio y la Sostenibilidad Ambiental, el 
Diálogo sobre la Contaminación Producida por los Plásticos, y la Reforma de las Subvenciones a los 
Combustibles Fósiles.  
2.14.  Tras la CM12, Chile continúa inv olucrado en los procesos de reforma de la Organización y 
participa en grupos que buscan fortalecer el sistema multilateral, como el Grupo  de Ottawa, el 
Grupo  de Cairns, el GRULAC, y más recientemente en el Grupo  Latino. En este sentido, puedo 
informar que finalizamos en el mes de octubre del presente año el proceso legislativo para la 
ratificación del Acuerdo sobre  Subvenciones a la Pesca, por unanimidad en ambas Cámaras de 
nuestro Congreso  Nacional. Chile encontrándose comprometido con el sistema multilate ral de 
comercio, y con sostenibilidad de los océanos, depositará el día de mañana el instrumento de 
aceptación del Protocolo de Enmienda para insertar el Acuerdo sobre Subvenciones a la Pesca en el 
Anexo  1A del Acuerdo sobre la OMC.  
2.15.  De cara a la D ecimot ercera Conferencia Ministerial (CM13) de la OMC, Chile considera este 
encuentro como un momento propicio para avanzar en temas cruciales, especialmente en la Reforma 
a la OMC, cuyo éxito fortalecerá el sist ema multilateral de comercio. En este contexto, buscamos 
contribuir a fortalecer la OMC dotándola de las herramientas e instancias necesarias para abordar 
las tendencias y desafíos actuales del comercio internacional. A corto plazo, nos enfocamos en la 
función deliberativa y en la reactivación del Sistema de Solución de Diferencias, mantener la 
moratoria sobre el comercio electrónico, concluir la segunda fase de las negociaciones sobre 
subvenciones a la pesca, y obtener resultados sustanciales en las negoci aciones agrícolas. Asimismo, 
vislumbramos la oportunidad de abogar por un sistema multilateral de comercio más sostenible e 
inclusivo, alineado con estrategias de desarrollo productivo, inclusión de grupos tradicionalmente 
excluidos, como mujeres y pequeña s empresas, y la cooperación multilateral.  
2.16.  Chile ha buscado acrecentar su inserción en las cadenas globales de valor, y en los últimos 
años ha realizado esfuerzos para mejorar su posicionamiento en éstas, con la finalidad de generar 
bienes con mayor valor agregado.  
2.17.  La Alianza del Pacífico, compuesta por Chile, Colombia, México y Perú, inició en 2015 con el 
objetivo de lograr una integración profunda y progresiva que incluye la libre circulación de bienes, 
servicios, capitales y personas. Busca impulsar el crecimiento, desarrollo y competitividad de sus WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  miembros, promoviendo el bienestar y la inclusión social. Aspira a ser una plataforma económica y 
comercial con proyección global, destacándose logros como la Declaración de Igualdad de Género, 
la Hoja de Rut a para una Gestión Sostenible de los Plásticos y la Declaración Presidencial para el 
desarrollo del Mercado Digital Regional. En materia digital, nuestro país, junto a Singapur y 
Nueva  Zeland ia, suscribió el Acuerdo de Asociación de Economía Digital, DEPA,  facilitando la 
exportación de servicios y productos digitales, promoviendo la certeza empresarial y oportunidades 
inclusivas.  
2.18.  Chile ha enfrentado el desafío de facilitar a las pequeñas empresas el acceso a oportunidades 
de exportación, ampliando su oferta  y diversificando mercados. Esta iniciativa busca impulsar el 
crecimiento de las empresas de tamaño mediano y menor en el comercio exterior, mejorar su acceso 
a oportunidades globales, y maximizar los beneficios de los acuerdos comerciales nacionales e 
internacionales. Por ello, entre 2015 y 2022, Chile se ha destacado en la incorporación de capítulos 
de mipymes en sus acuerdos comerciales suscritos con otros países de la región, como ha sido el 
caso de Uruguay, Argentina, Brasil, Ecuador, y el Acuerdo Inte gral y Progresista de Asociación 
Transpacífico. Estos capítulos dan cuenta del compromiso que Chile ha tenido con las mipymes, en 
mejorar su acceso a las oportunidades comerciales existentes y ampliar su participación en el 
comercio internacional. Con esta  experiencia, esperamos contribuir en las iniciativas que la OMC ha 
puesto en marcha para ayudar a las mipymes a desempeñar un papel más activo en el comercio 
mundial.  
2.19.  Chile demuestra un fuerte compromiso con el género en el ámbito del comercio internacion al. 
En efecto, en el año 2018, acordamos junto a Nueva  Zeland ia y Canadá, la Declaración Conjunta 
sobre el Fomento del Comercio Progresivo e Inclusivo, la que luego articuló el Grupo de Acción de 
Comercio Inclusivo y el Arreglo Global de Comercio y Género,  ITAG, para promover objetivos sociales 
y ambientales más amplios y garantizar que los beneficios del comercio y la inversión se compartan 
ampliamente.  
2.20.  Además, se han incorporado capítulos específicos sobre género y comercio en nuestros 
acuerdos comercial es. En el período comprendido entre 2015 y 2022, el avance en disposiciones 
comerciales relacionadas con cuestiones de género ha sido clave, fomentando su aplicación en 
negociaciones tanto bilaterales, como regionales, y multilaterales.  
2.21.  Recientemente, com o ya fue mencionado, Chile presentó su Política Exterior Feminista. En el 
ámbito económico internacional, aspira a eliminar barreras para la plena participación de las 
mujeres; en la economía, y en particular en el comercio internacional . 
2.22.  En sostenibilidad  ambiental, la modernización de nuestro Acuerdo de Marco Avanzado con la 
Unión  Europea, pronto a firmarse, incluye un capítulo de comercio y desarrollo sostenible. Este 
capítulo busca realizar esfuerzos para combatir el cambio climático, promover la transi ción hacia 
economías bajas en emisiones, además de comprometerse con las normas fundamentales de la 
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). Asimismo, se incorpora un capítulo específico sobre 
comercio y género. Y además, se reconoce la importancia de  las pequeñas y medianas empresas.  
2.23.  Hacia el futuro, Chile emerge como un actor clave en la transición hacia una economía global 
baja en carbono, destacando por su vasto potencial en energías renovables y sus recursos mineros, 
principalmente el cobre y el litio. Con una abundancia de recursos naturales, Chile se posiciona 
estratégicamente para liderar la producción y exportación de energía renovable, contribuyendo 
significativamente a la reducción de las emisiones de carbono a nivel mundial. Su compromiso c on 
el desarrollo de fuentes de energía limpia, como la solar, eólica e hidroeléctrica, lo convierte en un 
actor fundamental en la generación de electricidad sostenible. Además, la disponibilidad de cobre y 
litio, minerales esenciales para la fabricación de  tecnologías limpias y vehículos eléctricos, refuerza 
la posición de Chile en la cadena de suministro global de la transición hacia la movilidad eléctrica y 
la descarbonización de diversas industrias. En este contexto, las Estrategias Nacionales de Energía , 
Hidrógeno, Minería, y Litio, que hemos formulado, acompañadas de nuestra política comercial, 
desempeñarán un papel crucial en la agregación de valor a la matriz productiva de Chile, y su 
diversificación, así como en la generación de nuevas oportunidades de desarrollo humano, 
económico, y tecnológico, bajo un esquema de conducta empresarial responsable.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  2.24.  Finalmente, quiero subrayar la importancia de la Organización Mundial de l Comercio como el 
único Organismo Internacional que se ocupa de establecer normas para el comercio entre naciones.  
Agradecemos sinceramente al Mecanismo de Examen de Políticas Comerciales por fortalecer la 
transparencia en este proceso. También expresamos nuestra gratitud a los demás Miembros de la 
OMC por su interés y  las valiosas consultas que hemos recibido. Estamos trabajando en responder 
todas las preguntas recibidas, algunas ya las respondimos, y otras se contestarán en tiempo y forma. 
Al rendir nuevamente el examen de política comercial después de  2015, reafirmam os nuestro 
compromiso con la cooperación multilateral y la construcción de un comercio global más justo, 
inclusivo y sostenible que permita el desarrollo de todos los países. ¡Gracias!  
  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  Let me begin by extending a very warm wel come to the Chilean delegation led by 
Undersecretary of International Economic Relations, Mrs  Claudia  Sanhueza. Although Singapore and 
Chile lie on opposite sides of the Pacific  Ocean, 16,500  km apart, we are like -minded and share a 
common commitment to su pport and strengthen the rules -based multilateral trading system. At 
the WTO, Chile and Singapore are among the "Friends of the System", we participate in all the joint 
statement initiatives (JSI) and are Members of the Multi -Party Interim Arbitration (MPI A). Hence, 
I am pleased to act as the discussant for Chile's sixth  Trade Policy Review.  
3.2.  In preparation for today's Review, I have found the detailed and substantive Reports prepared 
by Chile and the Secretariat to be insightful and invaluable in helping m e to gain a deeper 
understanding of Chile's economic and trade policies. I must also thank Undersecretary 
Claudia  Sanhueza  for providing a comprehensive overview of Chile's economic performance and 
evolution of its trade policies from 2015 to 2023.  
3.3.  I woul d like to structure my comments around three broad questions, which I hope will help to 
facilitate our discussion by establishing a connection between Chile's fifth  TPR in 2015 and its 
sixth TPR in 2023.  
3.4.  First, how has Chile performed since the last TPR in 2015? In a nutshell, Chile has enjoyed 
strong economic performance over the eight -year period between 2015 and 2023. Chile enjoys one 
of the highest GDP per  capita in Latin  America and its economy has grown steadily between 2015 
and 2020, when the C OVID -19 pandemic struck. The three key pillars of Chile 's economy are 
services, mining and manufacturing, which collectively account for approximately 80% of Chile 's 
GDP in 2022. Chile also continues to receive large FDI inflows, valued at US D 80 billion d uring the 
review period.  
3.5.  Like the rest of the world, Chile was hit by the COVID -19 pandemic in 2020. Due to the impact 
of the pandemic, Chile's GDP fell by 6.1% in 2020. Given its open economy, a key challenge for 
Chile was to cushion the external macro -economic shocks.  
3.6.  Against the challenging backdrop, I must commend Chile for its resilience and for turning 
adversity into opportunities.  The Government responded swiftly and adopted nimble policies that 
allowed Chile to weather the economic impact of the p andemic. In particular, the Chilean 
Government swiftly announced a fiscal stimulus package to achieve three objectives. One, to boost 
the public health budget to respond to the health crisis. Two, to provide workers with a social safety 
net through measure s such as unemployment insurance benefits. Three, to support micro, small and 
medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs) and help them get through the pandemic by implementing 
emergency credit programmes and tax concessions. In addition, the Central  Bank worked clos ely 
with the Financial Market Commission to implement measures to increase the flow of credit to 
companies and consumers. As a result, in 2021, the Chilean economy was able to rebound and GDP 
grew by over 11%, which exceeded pre -pandemic levels. However, f iscal deficit also increased as a 
result of greater government expenditures.  
3.7.  Beyond responding to the challenges thrown up by the COVID -19 pandemic, Chile had the 
foresight to prepare itself to face the challenges of the 21st century, including digital tr ansformation 
and sustainable development. For instance, Chile concluded a Digital Economy Partnership 
Agreement (DEPA) with New  Zealand and Singapore in 2020, that will better position Chile to ride 
the wave of digitali zation. The DEPA is more ambitious th an most FTAs and addresses critical 
e-commerce issues such as regulatory technology (RegTech), and cooperation in artificial 
intelligence and digital inclusion.  
3.8.  In terms of sustainable development, Chile has ensured that around two -thirds of its FTAs 
(which numbers more than  20) incorporate provisions on environmental sustainability. In addition, 
Chile adopted the Framework Law on Climate Change  in June  2022, which aims to achieve carbon 
neutrality by 2050, thereby making Chile the first developing Member to write carbon neutrality into 
its laws. These policies have positioned Chile to be more resilient and better prepared for the future.  
3.9.  Second, how has  Chile responded to issues raised at the 2015 TPR? During the last TPR, 
Members posed over 300 questions that touched broadly on three key areas. One, how has Chile WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  further liberalized trade with Members in the Asia  Pacific region? Two, how has Chile stren gthened 
its commitment to the multilateral trading system? Three, how has Chile 's investment and trade 
regimes complied with its international commitments and avoid being unnecessarily trade 
restrictive? Overall, Chile provided substantive responses to the  questions posed by Members. 
As these are important issues, let me briefly address each of them.  
• One, some Members highlighted in 2015 that Chile needed to strengthen its trade linkages 
with Asia Pacific. Since then, the Chilean Government had made conside rable progress and 
concluded trade agreements with Members in the Asia -Pacific region, including Indonesia 
and Thailand, as well as ratifying the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the 
Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). The entry into force of CPT PP following four long years of 
legislative debates represented a historic milestone for Chile.  
• Two, some Members urged Chile to join the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) as 
well as ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), as a demonstration o f its continued 
commitment to the multilateral trading system. Reflecting its seriousness in addressing 
Members ' questions, Chile responded swiftly by ratifying the TFA in 2016, hot on the heels 
of its TPR in 2015. However, I note that Chile has yet to bec ome a Party to the GPA. Hence, 
several Members have raised this issue again in this year 's TPR and I hope that Chile 's 
response towards the GPA will be equally swift.  
• Three, Members had also posed questions concerning Chile 's investment framework as well 
as trade policies. One specific area of concern was Chile 's food labelling requirement, which 
many Members regarded as trade restrictive and went beyond the requirements needed to 
fulfil legitimate public health objectives. In its robust response, Chile had  argued that its 
in-depth analysis and policy formulation process had ensured that the regulations did not 
impose excessive restrictions on trade Chile had also offered to continued dialogue on this 
issue. I understand that no delegations had raised furthe r questions in this round of TPR, 
which may suggest that this issue has been resolved.  
3.10.  Let us now move on to the third and last question – what are the key issues that have been 
highlighted at this year's TPR? On the basis of around 400  questions that hav e been received from 
22 Members, it is clear that Members continue to be largely interested in similar issues. Essentially, 
three broad categories can be identified.  
3.11.  One, given the rapid pace of digital transformation, it is unsurprising that many Members 
have continued to seek more information about Chile 's approach towards digital trade. Several 
Members asked about the "impact " of Chile 's ratification of DEPA and other FTAs which contain 
e-commerce chapters. Members were also curious about Chile 's plans t o facilitate trade through 
forging links between the e -payments systems of Chile and other Members.  
3.12.  Two, Members continued to be interested in Chile 's intellectual property (IP) regime. Members 
have sought more information on Chile 's Intellectual Property  Crimes Unit and raised questions 
around the effectiveness of its Copyright Law and how it safeguards against digital piracy and illegal 
content on the Internet. As Chile has undertaken significant legislative reforms aimed at 
strengthening its IP regime, some Members have also asked how these reforms have impacted IP 
rights holder in Chile.  
3.13.  Three, Members are also interested in finding out more about the future priorities of Chile. 
Apart from questions over Chile 's post -pandemic economic policies, climate change and sustainable 
development are key areas that have featured prominently in the questions. Many Members also 
posed questions on specific sectoral policies, including Chile 's National Lithium Strategy and National 
Mining Policy 2050 , and how these policies would support Chile 's carbon neutrality goals. As certain 
investment projects may require an environmental impact assessment, several Members have also 
sought more clarity on these policies. I am certain that the responses from Chi le will be closely 
scrutini zed by Members .  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  3.14.  In conclusion, allow me to circle back to the three questions that I have posed and provide 
the following short answers:  
• First, Chile has performed well since its last TPR in 2015, especially against the backdro p of 
the economic challenges arising from the COVID -19 pandemic.  
• Second, Chile has taken concrete steps to respond to many key issues that Members raised 
in 2015 and underlined its continued commitment to support the WTO and the rules -based 
multilateral trading system.  
• Third, Members continue to be manifest keen interest in Chile 's strategy and policies 
concerning digital trade, IP, and sustainability, while also seeking more information on how 
Chile will drive its future economic priorities.   
3.15.  Before closing, it will be remiss of me if I do not commend Chile for its active role and 
multi-faceted contributions at the WTO. Chile's leadership, together with the Republic  of Korea , in 
steering the joint statement initiative (JSI) on investment faci litation for development deserves 
special mention. The Chilean Mission to WTO that is ably led by Ambassador Sof ía Boza must also 
be commended for their active and constructive role.  
3.16.  I wish Chile every success for its sixth  TPR. 
  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
SINGAPORE  
4.1.  Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the Chilean delegation led by 
Undersecretary of International Economic Relations , Mrs Claudia  Sanhueza . I would like to express 
our appreciation to Chile for the comprehensive Government Report and statement, as well as the 
Secretariat for its detailed Report. I would also like to thank the Chair, Ambassador Saqer  Almoqbel 
(Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia), and th e discussant, Ambassador Tan Hung  Seng for their insightful 
statements. Allow me to make three points.  
4.2.  First, Singapore commends Chile for her continued commitment to trade liberalization and the 
rules-based multilateral trading system, despite global head winds caused by the COVID -19 
pandemic and geopolitical challenges. As highlighted in the Government Report, the Chilean 
Government 's "permanent trade policy objective " is focused on trade liberalization, export promotion 
and investment attraction – while e nsuring inclusive trade through the empowerment of women, 
increased participation of SMEs in global value chains, as well as focus on environmentally and 
socially sustainable development. With these as its lodestar, Chile has also concluded an extensive 
network of 26  FTAs with 64  markets, which has further reinforced its regional and global 
competitiveness to global businesses. Chile 's active and valued participation in international 
organi zations such as the WTO, APEC, OECD and WIPO has further reinforced its role and 
thought -leadership in the global community.  
4.3.  Second, despite our geographical distance, Chile is Singapore 's seventh  largest trading partner 
in the Latin  America and Caribbean region. Notably, bilateral trade in goods grew by more than 80% 
to reach USD  371 million in 2022, while trade in services grew more than 26% to reach 
USD 670 million. Prominent Singapore companies operating in Chile span the gamut from logistics, 
food manufacturing and IT services. Apart from the warm trade relations, Chil e and Singapore work 
closely together at several multilateral fora, and Chile is often a likeminded partner in first -mover 
trade agreements given its open economy and progressive economic policies. Good examples of 
such cooperation include the CPTPP, our M OU on Carbon Credits Collaboration; and the Digital 
Economy Partnership Agreement  (DEPA), where Singapore, Chile and New  Zealand signed onto a 
common framework for further collaboration in emerging areas that affect digital trade such as 
artificial intelli gence  (AI), digital identities, and cybersecurity. Chile is also a founding member of 
the Pacific  Alliance, with whom Singapore had signed a Free Trade Agreement in January  2022. 
When in force, the Pacific  Alliance -Singapore Free Trade Agreement (PASFTA) w ill strengthen the 
trade architecture between our countries and regions, and boost investor confidence in each other 's 
markets. This will allow even more Singapore companies to use Chile as a hub for its operations in 
Latin America.  
4.4.  Third, Singapore comme nds Chile 's continued commitment and contribution to the rules -based 
multilateral trading system as embodied by the WTO. Chile has been an active participant in various 
joint statement initiatives (JSIs) and in particular, co -coordinates the Joint Initiative on Investment 
Facilitation for Development (IFD), which reached its successful conclusion in July  2023; further 
demonstrating that WTO  Members are able to work together to address new and globally relevant 
issues. Its active participation in and  contribution to Informal Working Groups on Micro, Small and 
Medium -sized Enterprises (MSMEs), and on Trade and Gender further reinforce its integral role in 
this Organization.  
4.5.  In closing, Singapore looks forward to continuing working closely with Ambassa dor Sof ía Boza 
and her Mission, to advance our mutual goal of strengthening the rules -based multilateral trading 
system. We  wish Chile every success for its sixth  TPR. 
THAILAND  
4.6.  Thailand is pleased to participate in Chile's sixth Trade Policy Review  and ext ends a warm 
welcome to the esteemed delegation led by H . E. Claudia  Sanhueza, Undersecretary of International  
Economic Relations of Chile.  
4.7.  We express sincere appreciation to Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel from the Kingdom  of 
Saudi  Arabia for the  introd uctory remarks and Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng from  Singapore for WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  offering insightful analyses of Chile's economic and  trade policies. Furthermore, we commend the 
thorough efforts of  both the WTO  Secretariat and Chile in preparing the comprehensive  Reports.  
4.8.  My delegation would like to present some observations on Chile 's trade policies.  
4.9.  First of all, Thailand and Chile have maintained a cordial  relationship that mutually serves their 
interests since the  establishment of diplomatic ties on 29  October  1962.  Acknowledging this 
enduring connection, both nations have jointly  commemorated the 60th anniversary of their 
diplomatic relations  in 2022.  
4.10.  Chile stands as Thailand's third -largest trading partner in  South  America, with a total trade 
value of USD  1.29 billion in  2022. This marked a historic peak in our bilateral trade,  showcasing an 
annual average growth rate of 5.5% since the  previous Chilean Trade Policy Review conducted 
in 2015. Key  commodities exchanged between the two nations encompass  copper, vehi cles, and 
seafood, particularly Atlantic salmon.  
4.11.  The Free Trade Agreement between Thailand and Chile,  signed on 4  October  2013, has 
significantly contributed to  the growth of our bilateral trade, witnessing an annual  average increase 
of 4.4 % since its impl ementation.  Notably, all products covered by the FTA have now enjoyed a  0% 
tax rate since January  2023. Both nations actively  support the diversification of traded goods, aiming 
to fully  exploit the advantages offered by the FTA. In this regard, we  are ple ased to announce that 
our FTA has, by and large, been  fully utilized by our traders for all eligible products.  
4.12.  Thailand notes Chile 's vast mining resources such as  copper and lithium and acknowledges 
its capability to  emerge as a prominent global player in  energy transition  and electromobility 
initiatives. We take note of Chile's  strategic steps, such as the adoption of the National Green  
Hydrogen Strategy 2022 and the National Lithium Strategy  2023, which are poised to significantly 
impact the nation's  trajectory. Leveraging Chile's inherent strengths in this  dynamic sector, we 
aspire to broaden our collaboration,  fostering joint efforts between Thailand and Chile to advance  
shared goals in the realms of bioeconomy, circular economy,  and green economy devel opment.  
4.13.  Chile has been recognized for its stable economy,  ardently pursuing a liberal economic 
approach. The nation  places paramount importance on fostering economic, trade, and  investment 
cooperation with foreign nations, particularly in the  Asia-Pacific region. We note that Chile is a 
founding member of the  Pacific  Alliance and an active participant in the Asia -Pacific  Economic 
Cooperation  (APEC). Chile has successfully established  33 free trade agreements with 65  nations , 
demonstrating its  commitment to global economic integration.  
4.14.  Chile places significant emphasis on strengthening ties with  ASEAN. It became a signatory to 
the Treaty of Amity and  Cooperation in Southeast Asia  (TAC) in 2016, marking the first  
Latin American country to do so. Acknowledging its commitment,  Chile obtained ASEAN 
Development Partner status in June  2019.  Furthermore, Thailand welcomes Chile 's intent to join the 
Regional  Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the ASEAN -Australia -New Zealand Free 
Trade Agreemen t (AANZFTA).  
4.15.  Furthermore, we commend Chile's staunch support of the  inclusive and sustainable 
rules-based multilateral trading system  and its active participation in various WTO 's discussions and  
initiatives, particularly in joint statement initiatives, th e Dialogue  on Plastics Pollution, the Trade and 
Environmental Sustainability  Structured Discussions, and the Informal Working Group on Trade  and 
Gender. In particular, it is worth emphasizing that Thailand and  Chile, both members of the 
Cairns  Group, hold a shared perspective  on advancing the agricultural trade reform to diminish 
trade-distorting  support in the agricultural sector.  
4.16.  In addition, Thailand recognizes and appreciates H .E. Sofía Boza's active engagement and 
contribution in diverse WTO  bodies, pa rticularly in areas such as trade and transfer of  technology, 
investment facilitation for development, and WTO  reform. We look forward to deepening our 
collaboration with the  Mission of Chile here in Geneva.  
4.17.  Lastly, we would like to thank Chile for providing a reply to our  questions, which we will 
scrutinize with keen interest.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.18.  To conclude, Thailand is hono ured to participate in the sixth Trade  Policy Review of Chile and 
extends our heartfelt wishes for a  successful outcome in this Trade Policy Review.  
GUATEMALA  
4.19.  En nombre de Guatemala, nos complace saludar cordialmente a la delegación de Chile, 
encabezada por la S ra. Claudia  Sanhueza, Subsecretaria de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales, 
así como al equipo de la Misión Permanente en Ginebra, ba jo la dirección de la 
Sra. Sofía Boza Martínez, Embajadora Representante Permanente de Chile ante la Organización 
Mundial del Comercio.  
4.20.  Aprovechamos también para subrayar el trabajo realizado por la Secretaría en la elaboración 
de este examen de políticas comerciales, así como el análisis detallado que el Sr.  Tan Hung Seng, 
Embajador de Singapur ante la OMC, ha tenido a bien compartir con nosotros el día de hoy en su 
calidad de ponente.  
4.21.  Según el informe presentado por la Secretaría, Chile ostenta uno de los  PIB per  cápita más 
elevados de América  Latina, respaldado por un crecimiento económico constante que promedió 
un 2% anual entre 2014 y 2019. No obstante, la economía experimentó un fuerte revés en 2020 
debido a la pandemia de COVID -19, con una contracción  del 6,1% del PIB. La resiliencia del país fue 
evidente en 2021, cuando la economía chilena se recuperó vigorosamente con una expansión del 
11,7%, atribuida a significativas transferencias fiscales y a la revitalización de la demanda interna. 
Sin embargo, en 2022, a pesar del retorno al crecimiento del PIB, se implementaron políticas 
monetarias y fiscales contractivas para hacer frente a la aceleración de la inflación, anticipándose a 
una leve contracción del PIB real proyectada para 2023.  
4.22.  Las importaciones  de mercancías en Chile crecieron a una tasa promedio anual del 7 ,7% entre 
2015 y 2022, superando el crecimiento de las exportaciones, que fue del 6 ,7% anual en el mismo 
periodo. Las exportaciones chilenas de mercancías, especialmente los productos primari os como 
agrícolas y mineros, vieron una disminución leve en la participación. Aunque las exportaciones de 
cobre disminuyeron, las de concentrado de litio se expandieron más del 500% en  2022, 
compensando la caída del cobre. Por otra parte, la participación de productos agropecuarios en las 
exportaciones totales disminuyó de 25 ,2% en 2015 a 21 ,9% en 2022, incluyendo principalmente 
vino, frutas, salmón y productos forestales.  
4.23.  En materia de comercio de servicios el déficit de Chile creció de 45% de 2015 a 2019.  Luego, 
a consecuencia de la pandemia, se redujeron las exportaciones e importaciones en 2020, 
especialmente en viajes y servicios de transporte. A pesar de que el déficit se contrajo en 2020, 
aumentó significativamente en 2021 y 2022 hasta llegar a USD  14,8 millones. En el año 2021, las 
exportaciones crecieron y fueron lideradas por servicios de transporte y servicios de información, 
mientras que las importaciones se vieron impulsadas por servicios de transporte, principalmente 
fletes marítimos. En 2022, h ubo un aumento generalizado en exportaciones e importaciones, 
destacando el triple aumento en los pagos por fletes y el incremento en servicios financieros y 
turismo.  
4.24.  En materia de propiedad intelectual, Chile ha realizado reformas legislativas sustanciale s en 
su sistema de propiedad intelectual durante 2021, las cuales entraron en vigor en mayo  de 2022. 
Estas reformas abarcan aspectos clave como solicitudes provisionales de patentes, excepciones a la 
patentabilidad, caducidad de marcas no utilizadas, registro de marcas en propiedad industrial, 
ampliación de la definición de secreto comercial y ajust es en regulaciones de indicaciones geográficas 
y denominaciones de origen.  
4.25.  En relación con los vínculos bilaterales entre Guatemala y Chile, es relevante destacar que el 
Tratado de Libre Comercio entre ambos países cumplió 13 años el pasado 23  de marzo. E sta 
iniciativa ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en el fortalecimiento de las relaciones comerciales 
bilaterales.  
4.26.  En el ámbito comercial, Guatemala, como socio de Chile, ocupó las posiciones 36 y 41 en las 
exportaciones e importaciones, respectivamente, en el año 2022. A su vez, Chile se ubicó en las 
posiciones 18 y 19 en las exportaciones e importaciones para Guatemala durante el mismo per iodo. 
Entre los principales productos exportados por Guatemala a Chile se encuentran el azúcar, caucho WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  natural  (hule) , preparados para la fabricación de alimentos que contienen antibióticos, frutos y 
muebles. En cuanto a las importaciones guatemaltecas desde Chile, destacan productos como 
manzanas, madera de pino, otros granos de avena, papel higiénico y concentrado de t omate.  
4.27.  Para concluir, Guatemala le desea a Chile un continuo éxito en el marco de la implementación 
de sus políticas económicas y comerciales, así como un crecimiento económico y desarrollo 
sostenible.  
4.28.  Agradecemos las respuestas remitidas a las preguntas que planteamos, las cuales 
remitiremos a capital para su análisis y comentarios. Deseamos a la delegación que los representa 
una exitosa conclusión de este examen de política comercial.  
AUSTRALIA  
4.29.  Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel, Ambassador Tan Hung Seng, thank you both for your 
introductions. Ms Sanhueza, welcome to Geneva.  
4.30.  These events are somewhat like a report card, marking the end of the year's evaluation of 
performance. I have to say, we have tried very hard to identify areas for improvement, as we  always 
do. However, it has been particularly challenging with Chile.   
4.31.  Chile is a model player here at the WTO. Chile has been an extraordinary performer , and 
under Ambassador Boza 's leadership, Chile has been an extraordinary contributor to leadership in 
the Organization more broadly.  
4.32.  As a founding Member of the WTO, and one of the countries with the largest number of 
regional and bilateral trade agreements, it  is a staunch defender of the global trading system. It is 
a vocal champion of free and inclusiv e trade and a leader across the entire WTO agenda.  
Ms Sanhueza, we hear how this fits in to your Feminist Foreign Policy as well and we applaud you 
for it.  
4.33.  Our own relationship with Chile is an enduring one. It is underpinned by the Australia -Chile 
Free T rade Agreement, which I had the honour of being involved with at the later stages, and the 
membership of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership, which 
itself was born out of the initiative that Chile and three other Membe rs created, the so -called P4. 
That innovation is a hallmark of Chile's trade policy.  
4.34.  Our bilateral trade and investment relationships focused on mining, education, agriculture, 
and energy. Our exports totalled USD  1.4 billion, and we are a major investor i n your globally 
important mining sector. Our long -standing  mining cooperation has opened opportunities for 
collaboration on critical minerals, including efforts to build resilient global supply chains, and we are 
exploring potential areas for renewable ene rgy trade that supports both of our clean energy 
transitions.  
4.35.  Here at Geneva, we share a commitment to maintaining a strong international trade and 
economic architecture, demonstrated by how we cooperate here and in places like the OECD and 
APEC. And like us, you regard the WTO as a central pillar of the rules -based multilateral trading 
system. We have long valued your role, your leadership role in the Cairns Group, and we commend 
your long -standing  leadership in championing the importance of open and stable markets on 
agricultural trade reform in support of Article  20. This reform is essential if the world is to meet goals 
on development, food security, and environment, as well as being a big contribution to rule -making 
work here at the WTO.  
4.36.  We commen d you on your low levels of agricultural domestic support and the timeliness of 
your annual notifications.  
4.37.  We note a number of Members have raised questions about the price band system. So, there 
is one area of improvement.  
4.38.  Australia enjoys cooperative d ialogues with you on agricultural market access issues, ranging 
from dairy to ruminant genetics exports.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.39.  Your support for the WTO has been absolutely affirmed since the last Trade Policy Review. 
You have implemented the Trade Facilitation Agreement, you ha ve accepted the Agreement on 
Fisheries Subsidies, you continue to be actively engaged in the second wave of fishery subsidies 
negotiations. And we share your commitment to concluding ahead of Abu  Dhabi that Agreement.  
4.40.  Under Ambassador Boza's leadership, y ou are a leader on rule -making here at the WTO as a 
coordinator of the Investment Facilitation Joint Initiative and as a participant in three other joint 
initiatives. And we urge you to further support plurilateral rule -making by seeking accession to the 
WTO Agreement  on Government Procurement. So, there is a second area of improvement.  
4.41.  We commend your principles -based approach. We welcome your engagement here on trade 
and environment, trade and gender, and your robust approach to environment and climate i ssues, 
as well, as I said earlier, to your broader pursuit of a Feminist Foreign Policy.  
4.42.  We welcome your commitment to further strengthening the WTO on reform and your role in 
the Ottawa Group and elsewhere on WTO reform.  
4.43.  We are like -minded on the pursuit of a fully functioning Dispute Settlement System, which 
we agreed at MC12 would be done by 2024. And we appreciate your engagement in the informal 
discussions on dispute settlement reform and your contribution to the Multi -Party Interim Appeal 
Arrangement.  We look forward to working with you towards a successful 13th Ministerial Conference.  
4.44.  It is an excellent report card. I hope it is an easy meeting for you, Ms  Sanhueza, and 
congratulations.  
PHILIPPINES  
4.45.  The Philippines welcomes and congratulates the delegation of Chile led by 
H.E. Claudia  Sanhueza, Undersecretary of International Economic Relations as well as its able 
Ambassador Professor Sof ía Boza Martínez  on their sixth Trade Policy Review. We also thank 
Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng of Singapore fo r his perspective as discussant, and the WTO  Secretariat 
for its comprehensive Report.  
4.46.  The Philippines and Chile enjoy a long -standing bilateral relationship. This year, we celebrate 
the 75th anniversary of our diplomatic relations, the longest among ASEA N. Further to ASEAN 
relations, in 2019, Chile was conferred the status of development partner of the bloc. During the 
first development partnership committee meeting between ASEAN and Chile in 2020, among the key 
cooperation areas identified included trade  and investment, science, technology and innovation, and 
sustainable development among others.  
4.47.  Bilaterally, Chile is an important economic partner of the Philippines. In August this year, we 
conducted the inaugural meeting of the Philippines -Chile Joint Ec onomic Commission, which is a 
valuable confidence -building mechanism in pursuing collaborative initiatives and identify shared 
areas of interest. Our total bilateral trade with Chile in 2022 is valued at over USD  110 million. While 
mining remains the backb one of Chilean economy, our trade is diversified. Among the top Philippine 
exports to Chile in 2022 are electronic products, other manufactures, chemicals, seaweed and 
carrageenan, and desiccated  coconut. While the main exports of Chile to the Philippines are fish and 
crustaceans, petroleum oils, digital monolithic integrated circuits, and other and other materials 
accessories and supplies.  
4.48.  Turning to this TPR, as noted in both Reports by the Secretariat and Government, Chilean 
economy has benefited greatl y from its openness and integration into the world economy. While the 
economy quickly recovered from the COVID -19 pandemic, we note that its growth is tempered by 
the accelerating inflation. Since the last Review in 2015, we also note that Chile recalibrated its 
policies particularly on monetary and fiscal, and implemented new legislations and strategies relating 
to trade, investment, support to MSMEs, competition, intellectual property, agriculture, mining, and 
energy. We particularly note the Na tional Green Hydrogen Strategy adopted in 2022 which aims to 
ensure that all new light and medium -sized vehicles sold in the Chile by 2035 are electric.  
4.49.  On trade, we note that Chile is has one of the most open trading regimes and added new 
regional trade agreements (RTAs) to its network since the review in 2015. Currently, its network WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  consists of 32  RTAs involving more than 60  economies. Further, Chile is a firm supporter of the 
multilateral trading system and an active Member of the WTO, demonstrated by i ts active 
participation in the WTO discussions. It is also active in various joint statement initiatives (JSIs) 
such as investment facilitation for development which it currently co -coordinates through 
Professor  Sofía with the Republic  of Korea, e -commerce , services domestic regulation, trade and 
environment, and trade and gender. Previously, Chile also led the work of the informal working 
group on MSMEs. Chile also joined the Multi -Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA). 
To further its integra tion with the international trading system, we encourage Chile to join the 
Information Technology Agreement.  
4.50.  We note the significant developments in the economic policies of Chile, and we appreciate the 
opportunity to learn more about these policies throug h this Trade Policy Review. Our delegation has 
submitted advance written questions, and we thank the delegation for its timely responses.  
4.51.  In closing, the Philippines looks forward to further enhancing our strong economic relations 
with Chile.  
COLOMBIA  
4.52.  Saludamos atentamente a la delegación de Chile, encabezada por Sra. Claudia  Sanhueza, 
Subsecretaria de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales, y a todo su equipo de capital y en Ginebra.  
4.53.  Agradecemos el análisis y los comentarios presentados por el ponente el E mbajador 
Tan Hung  Seng. Los elementos planteados contribuyen de manera importante a este examen de 
políticas comerciales. Igualmente reconocemos el trabajo de la Secretaría y de las autoridades de 
Chile en la elaboración de los informes que hemos recibido.  
4.54.  Examinar la política comercial de un país amigo como lo es Chile, resulta enriquecedor y grato. 
Es enriquecedor porque siempre es objeto de nuestra atención conocer la vía que transita Chile para 
estar en el destacado lugar de desarrollo que hoy ocupa. Es  grato porque nos complace verificar 
que, gracias al acertado manejo de sus políticas económicas, Chile es uno de los países más 
competitivos de Latinoamérica, según el Foro Económico Mundial.  
4.55.  Colombia y Chile comparten diversos foros regionales y multilat erales, gracias a lo cual 
tenemos una relación comercial y de inversión dinámica.  
4.56.  Desde el punto de vista bilateral, nuestras relaciones comerciales se desarrollan en el marco 
de un Acuerdo de Complementación Económica desde 1994, que luego se convirtió e n un Acuerdo 
de Libre Comercio que entró en vigor en 2009.  
4.57.  Desde el punto de vista regional, actualmente nuestro relacionamiento más estrecho se da 
en el marco de la Alianza  del Pacífico como mecanismo de articulación política, económica, de 
cooperación e  integración, constituido formalmente en 2012. Desde ahora auguro una gran gestión 
en su Presidencia pro tempore del mecanismo, la cual prevén recibir en marzo  de 2024.  
4.58.  Lo anterior se refleja, por un lado, en un comercio total que llegó a USD  2.500  millones 
en 2022, siendo prácticamente la mitad bienes no minero energéticos, lo cual favorece la creación 
de valor, el empleo y los encadenamientos regionales, justamente como uno de los objetivos que 
buscamos en el ámbito de relacionamiento regional.  
4.59.  Esta interacción comercial también ha impactado positivamente los flujos de inversión, 
destacando un acumulado de inversión extranjera directa bilateral desde 1994 cercana a 
USD 14.000 millones.  
4.60.  De otro lado, en cuanto al turismo, se trata de una actividad co n importantes vasos 
comunicantes al interior de las economías y allí tenemos un potencial de aprovechamiento como 
pilar del desarrollo de nuestros países, en la medida en que tenemos cerca de 300 .000 visitantes 
anuales sumando las dos vías.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.61.  En este context o, resulta fundamental continuar fortaleciendo y ampliando nuestros lazos 
económicos en la búsqueda de una senda de crecimiento y desarrollo sostenible y equilibrado en 
largo plazo.  
4.62.  En cuanto a este examen de política comercial, en primer lugar, quisiera r eferirme al 
compromiso de Chile con el sistema multilateral de comercio, destacando este sexto examen y su 
especial interés en temas como comercio y medio ambiente, micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas , 
y comercio y género.  
4.63.  Adicionalmente, resaltar que Chi le hace parte del procedimiento arbitral multipartito de 
apelación provisional (MPIA) como alternativa garantizar un sistema de solución de diferencias 
funcional con la posibilidad de acceder a una etapa de apelación, lo cual es fundamental para el 
funcion amiento y credibilidad de la OMC.  
4.64.  Mención aparte merece la decidida y dedicada participación en la Iniciativa Conjunta sobre la 
Facilitación de las Inversiones para el Desarrollo, que copreside a través de la Embajadora  Boza de 
manera destacada para lograr  los objetivos que se han planteado los Miembros con miras a la CM13.  
4.65.  En segundo lugar, quisiera resaltar nuestra coincidencia con elementos de su política 
comercial como impulsar la competitividad y la diversificación productiva; fomentar la innovación y 
las nuevas tecnologías; buscar una mayor integración económica regional; ser parte de las cadenas 
globales de valor e impulsar una mayor participación de las mujeres en la internacionalización.  
4.66.  Asimismo, coincidimos con un objetivo de la política en materi a de inversión extranjera directa 
que busca de manera dual incrementar sus flujos y reducir su concentración en el sector primario. 
De hecho, también coincidimos con el espíritu de varios objetivos referidos al cambio climático, como 
es la búsqueda de gene ración eléctrica a partir de fuentes renovables, principalmente solar y eólica.  
4.67.  En tercer lugar, hemos planteado a Chile en este examen de política comercial algunas 
preguntas, cuyas respuestas nos deberían permitir un mejor entendimiento en aspectos como 
propiedad intelectual, sector pesquero, inversión extranjera, acuerdos de inversión y diversificación 
exportadora. Sus respuestas son esenciales para una mejor interacción comercial y de inversión.  
4.68.  Para concluir, desear a Chile un cierre exitoso de su exam en de políticas comerciales y 
mencionar que Colombia está dispuesta a continuar, profundizar y fortalecer su relación comercial 
estratégica, reconociendo los excelentes vínculos de trabajo en múltiples temas entre las dos 
misiones en Ginebra.  
NUEVA  ZELANDIA  
4.69.  Nueva  Zelandia le da la bienvenida a la delegación de Chile, presidida por la Subsecretaria de 
Relaciones Económicas Internacionales, Sra.  Claudia  Sanhueza. Agradecemos tanto a la Secretar ía 
de la OMC como a l Gobierno de  Chile por su trabajo prepa rando este examen, y a l Excmo.  Embajador 
Tan Hung  Seng por sus informativos comentarios como ponente .  
4.70.  Nueva  Zelandia y Chile son socios con ideas y valores compartidos a lo largo de muchas áreas, 
especialmente en cuanto a la liberalización del comercio y la integración económica regional. Somos 
economías pequeñas, orientadas al comercio, con vastas redes d e acuerdos ambiciosos y 
progresistas que ayudan a nuestros negocios a crecer y triunfar. Felicitamos los esfuerzos de Chile 
para mantener el mom entum de liberalización abierta e inclusiva, y su continuo interés en conectar 
con el Indo  Pacífico y el Pacífic o. En el año que acabó , en junio  de 2023, las exportaciones de 
Nueva  Zeland ia a Chile excedieron las de los años previos al COVID, demostrando nuestra resiliencia 
y el crecimiento de nuestra relación comercial.  
4.71.  Nueva  Zelandia y Chile tienen una larga hist oria juntos, trabajando hacia una arquitectura 
comercial innovadora, incluyendo el Acuerdo de Asociación Económica  (P4). Desde el último examen 
de Chile en 2015, esto ha dado paso al Acuerdo Integral y Progresista de Asociación 
Transpacífico  (CPTPP), y al Acuerdo de Economía Digital  (DEPA). El rango de economías interesadas 
en acceder a estos acuerdos demuestra cómo economías pequeñas, como Chile y Nueva  Zeland ia, 
pueden establecer reglas comerciales para una nueva generación.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.72.  También somos ambos líderes e n la promoción de mecanismos de comercio inclusivo, siendo 
miembros fundadores del Grupo de Acción para el Comercio Inclusivo  (ITAG) y el Acuerdo Global de 
Comercio y Género  (GTAGA), junto con Canadá. Hemos visto un aumento significativo del interés 
por am bas iniciativas inclusivas, que son una parte integral de la política comercial de 
Nueva  Zeland ia para contribuir a resultados económicos sostenibles e inclusivos. Chile ha sido un 
socio clave en esta misión.  
4.73.  Nueva  Zeland ia valora la cooperación de Chile en la APEC, donde hemos desarrollado una 
variedad de iniciativas innovadoras en políticas comerciales y económicas. Desde el último examen 
de Chile, tanto Chile como Nueva  Zeland ia han sido anfitriones de APEC y han presidido el Comité 
de APEC en Comercio e Inversiones, demostrando nuestro profundo compromiso con el foro 
económico y de comercio más importante de nuestra región. A Nueva  Zeland ia le gustaría resaltar 
particularmente "La Serena Roadmap on Women and Inclusive Growth", una iniciativa desarrollad a 
y lanzada por Chile en 2019, como un motor de mayor desarrollo económico inclusivo y participación 
de mujeres en la región.  
4.74.  Nueva  Zeland ia también valora la participación de Chile en la Alianza Global de Investigación  
sobre Gases de Efecto Invernadero d e la Agricultura  (GRA), en la que Chile asumió el rol de 
Presidente del Consejo en 2022, especialmente dada la importancia de la agricultura sostenible para 
nuestras economías.  
4.75.  Volviendo al asunto de la OMC, Nueva  Zeland ia valora el involucramiento constr uctivo de Chile 
a lo largo y ancho del trabajo de esta Organización.  
4.76.  Específicamente, queremos reconocer el rol activo de Chile en el Grupo  de Cairns y su trabajo 
hacia nuestras ambiciones compartidas de reforma. También valoramos su participación activa en 
el Grupo  de Ottawa y su continuo compromiso con la restauración de un mecanismo de solución de 
diferencias en la OMC. Esperamos continuar involucrándonos con Chile en estas líneas de trabajo, y 
progresar conversaciones más amplias de reforma a la OMC juntos a  la CM13 y más allá.  
4.77.  Como socio del Pacífico y una importante n ación pesquera con un interés compartido en la 
preservación de la pesca global , esperamos la ratificación por parte de Chile del Acuerdo de la OMC 
sobre Su bvenciones  a la Pesca , y valoramos su contribución a las negociaciones en curso.  
4.78.  También continuamos  apreciando las contribuciones constructivas de Chile a lo largo de las 
iniciativas conjunta s, y agradecemos a la Embajadora  Boza por sus esfuerzos incansables como 
co-coordinadora de la Iniciativa Conjunta  de facilitación sobre la Facilitación de las Inve rsiones para 
el Desarrollo .  
4.79.  More broadly, New  Zealand would like to highlight Chile's Feminist Foreign Policy launched 
earlier this year as a positive development since Chile's last Trade Policy Review in 2015. 
In particular, we welcome the goals to remov e barriers to the full integration of women into the 
economy and to promote economic recovery with a focus on gender equality. We hope New  Zealand 
and Chile 's ongoing collaboration in the GTAGA will support the realization of these goals.  
4.80.  Looking to  the fu ture, we view New Zealand's progressive negotiations for associate 
membership with the Pacific  Alliance as a key way to expand New  Zealand's relation ships with 
Latin American partners  including Chile, when the time has arrived . New  Zealand looks forwards t o 
Chile's leadership of the Alliance in 2024.  
4.81.  In conclusion, New  Zealand thanks Chile for its continued commitment to the multilateral 
trading system and emphasi zes our appreciation for the constructive, progressive , and ambitious 
engagement we enjoy with our Chilean colleagues across a number of trade mechanisms. We 
particularly wish to thank Ambassador  Boza for the extremely con structive relationship we enjoy 
with her and her team in Geneva. We appreciate the respo nses Chile has provided to New  Zealand's 
questions, and finally , we wish to congratulate Chile on a successful Trade Policy  Review.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  BRASIL  
4.82.  Quisiera primeramente saludar a la distinguida delegación de Chile por la participación en su 
sexta  revisión de polít ica comercial de la OMC. Permítame agradecer a la jefa de delegación y 
Subsecretaria de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de 
Chile, Sra.  Claudia  Sanhueza, así como  a nuestro ponente , Embajador Tan  Hung Seng, por sus 
presentaciones y comentarios que han enriquecido las discusiones sobre la política comercial chilena.  
4.83.  Las relaciones entre Brasil y Chile se caracterizan tradicionalmente por la intensidad y 
dinamismo del intercambio comercial y las inversiones.  
4.84.  Brasil es el principal destino de las inversiones chilenas en el extranjero, representando casi 
el 30% del total, y también es el principal inversionista latinoamericano en Chile. Las principales 
áreas de inversión de Chile en Brasil comprenden los sectores de  transporte aéreo, minorista y la 
cadena productiva de celulosa y papel.  
4.85.  El stock de inversión extranjera directa (IED) de Brasil en Chile aumentó un 18,7% entre  2020 
y 2021, alcanzando los US D 8.300 millones en 2021. La agencia "InvestChile " estima que Br asil es 
el quinto mayor inversionista a nivel mundial en Chile. Las principales áreas de inversión brasileña 
en Chile incluyen los sectores de servicios financieros, centros de datos, productos químicos y 
frigoríficos.  
4.86.  Chile es  el séptimo socio comercial d e Brasil, y Brasil es el tercer socio comercial más 
importante de Chile, solo detrás de China y Estados  Unidos.  
4.87.  En 2022, el intercambio comercial entre Brasil y Chile alcanzó, por segundo año consecutivo, 
un nuevo récord histórico: USD 13.700 millones (+2 0,1%), con exportaciones por 
USD 9.100 millones e importaciones por USD 4.600 millones.  
4.88.  Brasil y Chile también firmaron importantes nuevos acuerdos comerciales bilaterales, como 
el Protocolo de Compras Públicas; el Protocolo de Inversiones en Instituciones  Financieras, que 
complementó el Acuerdo de Cooperación y Facilitación de Inversiones (ACFI); y el Acuerdo de Libre 
Comercio (ALC).  
4.89.  Se determinó que la implementación del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio (ALC ) priorizaría, en una 
primera etapa, ocho capítulos: i)  género; ii)  micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas; iii)  cadenas 
regionales y globales de valor; iv)  telecomunicaciones (roaming); v)  medidas sanitarias y 
fitosanitarias; vi)  contratación pública; vii)  obstáculos técnicos al comercio; y viii)  comercio.  
4.90.  En este semestre, Brasil envió a Chile una propuesta para ampliar las indicaciones geográficas 
protegidas por el Acuerdo. Esperamos avanzar en la implementación  de este y otros importantes 
temas  bajo el ma rco de la Comisión de Administración del Acuerdo.  
4.91.  Los productos de energía y minería desempeñan un papel destacado en el comercio entre 
Brasil y Chile. El petróleo es el principal producto exportado por Brasil, representando un tercio de 
las ventas brasil eñas a Chile (y el 60% de las importaciones chilenas de este producto). En cuanto 
a las importaciones brasileñas, el cobre representa el 36% del valor adquirido de Chile. También 
dentro de estos sectores, el tercer y cuarto productos más comprados por Bras il son los fertilizantes 
y el molibdeno, respectivamente.  
4.92.  En cuanto a la implementación del capítulo  10 del Acuerdo, sobre comercio electrónico, 
entendemos que el texto del Acuerdo ya permitiría la operacionalización de las firmas electrónicas 
entre los do s países. Esperamos mantener encuentros con las áreas responsables de Chile para 
discutir el tema, que sigue pendiente.  
4.93.  Agradecemos también por las respuestas enviadas por Chile a las pregustas  que hemos 
presentado por escrito, sobre todo en lo que respeta a temas sanitarios. Estamos convencidos de 
que avances en temas de acceso al mercado chileno de agricultura pueden tener un efecto muy 
positivo en el incremento del flujo comercial entre nuest ros países.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.94.  Quisiera  finalmente  realzar el importante rol desarrollado por Chile en el sistema multilateral 
del comercio. En la OMC, la Embajadora Sofía  Boza ha sido incansable en sus esfuerzos como 
presidente del Grupo de Trabajo sobre Transferencia de T ecnología para buscar avances en ese tema 
en el seno de la Organización , y quisiera felicitar a la colega por sus esfuerzos en pro de la 
profundización de un vínculo positivo entre comercio, género, y las mipymes.  
4.95.  Deseamos trabajar junto con Chile para un resultado importante y sustantivo en la CM13 en 
particular en agricultura, en los temas sistémicos, y en la incorporación a la OMC de la dimensión 
de inclusión del desarrollo sostenible.   
4.96.  Agradezco una vez más la participación de la distinguida delegación de Chile a su sexta  
revisión de política comercial, deseándole  éxito en el presente ejercicio.  
INDIA  
4.97.  India is pleased to participate in the sixth Trade Policy Review of Chile and extends a warm 
welcome to the delegation from Chile, led by H .E. Claudia  Sanhueza.  We also thank the discussant 
H.E. Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng of Singapore for his comprehensive and insightful remarks, and 
the Secretariat as well as the Government of Chile for their comprehensive Reports.  
4.98.  We are happy to note that, notwithstanding effects of the global economic crisis, including by 
pandemic, the Chilean economy has posted steady growth during the period under review and good 
recovery post -pandemic.  
4.99.  As brought out in the Secretariat Report, we also note the various in centive programmes in 
order to promote investment and the economy in remote areas of the country, support MSMEs, 
boost competitiveness and product diversification, as well as foster innovation and new technologies.  
4.100.   Coupled with prudent macroeconomic manage ment and open trade strategy based on both 
multilateralism and regionalism, Chile's efforts to achieve steady growth, reducing inequalities and 
fostering social inclusion are commendable.  
4.101.   Chile's trade policy has been adapting to current global technologic al, energy and 
environmental challenges. It is reflected in the reforms made to its legislations and regulations, as 
well as institutional and procedural changes to implement these reforms.  
4.102.   On the bilateral level, India and Chile enjoy a close partnership . It is expanding in diverse 
areas.  The high -level visit of the then Honourable President of India, Shri  Ram Nath Kovind, to Chile 
in 2019 to mark the 70th anniversary of establishment of India -Chile diplomatic relations has further 
bolstered our bilateral  ties. Both sides continue to strive to promote bilateral trade and investment 
relations with a view to benefiting from the comparative strengths of our economies.  
4.103.   Bilateral trade has been growing steadily since 2009, with a few exceptions like the global  
slowdown due to COVID -19 pandemic. In FY2020 -23, it stands at USD  2.6 billion. Chile is India 's 
fifth largest trading partner in the Latin  American region.  Bilateral investments too have seen a lot 
of potential, especially in the green energy and renewabl es.  
4.104.   We have concluded negotiations on the expansion of India -Chile PTA in September  2016, 
incorporating new chapters on rules of origin, technical barriers to trade, and sanitary and 
phytosanitary measures which would contribute to the reduction of non -tariff barriers. Both sides 
are currently in the process of deepening this agreement to include more chapters and extensive 
tariff preferences.  
4.105.   While our two -way trade is expanding, we believe we could do much more to facilitate it.  
Our requests in this reg ard are particularly for agriculture and other products facing market entry 
challenges due to conformity assessment procedures, customs, and related regulatory requirements.  
4.106.   As part of this TPR exercise, my delegation has submitted several questions on va rious 
schemes, policies, and measures of the Chilean Government in areas like goods, agriculture, 
services, intellectual property, and trade facilitation.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.107.   We are thankful to the Chilean Government for their replies to these questions, which will 
be enthus iastically perused by our capital.  
4.108.   We remain committed to expanding our trade and investment ties with Chile and expand 
our overall bilateral cooperation.  
4.109.   In the context of the upcoming MC13, we would urge Chile to play a more constructive role 
in arrivin g at a balanced outcome, notably in agriculture, towards levelling the playing field in a 
sector fraught with glaring inequities. Being a founder Member of the WTO, both India and Chile 
have a shared interest in an effective and equitable multilateral trad ing system.  
4.110.   In conclusion, we take this opportunity to wish the delegation of Chile a successful Trade 
Policy Review.  
JAPAN  
4.111.   Japan warmly welcomes the delegation of Chile headed by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, 
Undersecretary of International Economic Relations. W e would like to express our appreciation to 
the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Chile for the respective Reports, prepared for today 's 
Review. We also thank Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng for his insightful remarks as the discussant. 
Taking this opportunit y, I would like to highlight a few points.  
4.112.   I would like to touch upon recent trade and economic relations between Chile and Japan.  
4.113.   Japan is the third largest export destination for Chile, and its sixth largest import source. 
Bilateral trade expanded significantly during the review period. While Chile came back in 2022 as 
the leading still wine exporter to Japan, it has been an important supplier for Japan of mineral and 
marine products.  
4.114.   As of 2022, 121  Japan -affiliated companies set up and ma intain operations in Chile; Chile is 
indeed a reliable host for Japanese companies, looking at business opportunities and operations in 
South  America. We commend Chile for having advanced its foreign investment support activities, 
which has helped to mater ialize its business -friendly, stable investment environment.  
4.115.   In terms of its domestic policies, we also commend Chile for having advanced its foreign 
investment support activities, which have helped to materialize a business friendly, stable 
investment env ironment.  
4.116.   Furthermore, from the perspective of supply chain resilience, Japan looks forward to further 
deepening our bilateral cooperations in key mineral resources such as lithium, and in clean energy 
such as hydrogen and ammonia.  
4.117.   We welcome the entry int o force of the CPTPP in February this year for Chile, which we 
expect will further advance our bilateral trade relations in the future. We look forward to working 
closely with Chile to maintain the high standards of the CPTPP.  
4.118.   Next, I would like to touch u pon Chile 's laudable participation and contributions to the WTO. 
We commend Chile, as a founding Member of the WTO, for consistently having upheld a rules -based, 
free and open multilateral trading system. We commend Chile 's efforts in transparency, praisin g that 
almost all its reports are up -to-date. We also welcome its announcement to formally accept 
tomorrow the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, Chapter  1. 
4.119.   Chile has actively participated and taken initiatives in various works at the WTO. Its active 
participation among others in joint statement initiatives including Investment Facilitation for 
Development, E -commerce, and Services Domestic Regulation is highl y appreciated. In particular, 
H.E. Ambassador Sof ía Boza's contribution as a co-Chair on IFD is broadly appreciated and 
supported in the WTO.  
4.120.   At the Informal Working Group on Trade and Gender, Chile has made a significant 
contribution to the progress thro ugh the introduction of Chile's "Feminist Foreign Policy " and WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  examples of gender desegregated data collection by the trade authorities in Chile. We appreciate 
Ambassador Sof ía's leadership also here and inclusivity issues in general at the WTO.  
4.121.   Within the TESSD, Chile and Japan have served as co -facilitators of the Working Group on 
Circular Economy since its establishment. We have been compiling a mapping document for MC13 
that clarifies trade -related issues for the circular economy. The document is expecte d to form the 
basis for future work on trade and circular economy, not only in TESSD, but also in relevant 
committees and other international organizations. Japan will continue to work together with Chile to 
achieve results at MC13.  
4.122.   Finally, we appreciate  Chile for its responses to the preliminary written questions from 
Members, including from us, which were circulated without delay. We appreciate our daily 
collaboration with the Ambassador Sofía  and her excellent team in Geneva, and look forward to 
workin g closely for a successful MC13. We wish Chile a very successful and fruitful Trade Policy 
Review.  
SWITZERLAND  
4.123.   Allow me to also extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Chile. And let me thank 
the Ambassador of Singapore for his initial observations as well as the Secretariat for its substantive 
contribution to this TPR.  
4.124.   At the outset, my delegation wishes to concur with the positive picture of the Chilean 
economy outlined in the Secretariat 's Report. As a matter of fact, continued trade openness, 
combined with a sound macroeconomic policy framework, seem to guarantee a trajectory of high 
growth in Chile. While imports grew faster than exports in recent years, Chile continues to show a 
surplus in its trade balance. On the other side, there  seem to be still a potential for improving the 
balance of services and income, which traditionally is in deficit.  
4.125.   Mister Chair, allow me two quick general remarques on Chile 's trade policy:  
4.126.   First, we believe that, now that Chile is benefit ing from open m arket access to the most 
important markets in the world, the country 's diversification of exports – both regional and worldwide 
– could further contribute to ensuring increased resilience and improved competitiveness for the 
Chilean economy on world market s. 
4.127.   And second, while we recognize that increased trade is a driving force for economic growth, 
we at the same time are convinced that sustainability increasingly has to go hand in hand with trade 
openness when it comes to designing trade policies for the f uture.  
4.128.   As like -minded partners, Switzerland and Chile share a long experience in implementing 
preferential trade relations. The EFTA States and Chile signed an FTA back in 2003. At the time, it 
was among our first comprehensive free trade agreements. And i t has proven beneficial to all 
partners . Over the last couple of years, bilateral trade between Switzerland and Chile has steadily 
grown. In 2022, it amounted USD 1.3 billion. In other words, Chile is an important trading partner 
for us.  
4.129.   This is also true  when it comes to investments, and we recognize that Chile is generally an 
attractive location for foreign investments. With its immense natural resources, a stable political and 
economic environment, and also thanks to comprehensive bilateral agreements, the Swiss private 
sector is very present in Chile. It also is very diverse and covers sectors such as finance, food, 
logistic, transport, machinery, or pharmaceuticals. With a stock of investments of about 
USD 1.6 billion, Swiss companies offer a job to ro ughly 18 ,000 workers in Chile.  
4.130.   While these figures testify to the good health of our bilateral relations, we however think 
that we could do even better. And that is why, together with our EFTA partners, Switzerland remains 
committed to modernizing our bil ateral FTA.  
4.131.   Switzerland has submitted a number of technical questions in writing ahead of this TPR, in 
particular regarding tariff bindings, customs verification fees, notifications in relation to quantitative WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  restrictions, or sustainability in agricultur e. We wish to warmly thank Chile for considering our 
questions and for their quick and comprehensive replies.  
4.132.   While reiterating Switzerland 's encouragements to Chile to consider acceding to the GPA, 
my delegation wishes to commend Chile for its  continuous and constructive  engagement in the  WTO 
in all areas which were mentioned by several delegations before . And we also want to reaffirm that 
we stand ready to continue working with Chile in strengthening the WTO and making it fit for 
addressing today and futu re challenges.  
4.133.   We wish the Chilean delegation a pleasant stay in Geneva and a fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
COSTA  RICA 
4.134.   Costa  Rica desea unirse a la calurosa bienvenida a la delegación de Chile encabezada por la 
Sra. Claudia  Sanhueza, Subsecretaria de Rela ciones Económicas Internacionales y se complace en 
saludar a la Excma . Embajadora Sofía  Boza y a su equipo aquí en Ginebra. De igual manera, 
quisiéramos agradecerle al Gobierno de Chile y a la Secretaría por sus informes, así como al ponente, 
el Excmo.  Embajador Sr.  Tan Hung Seng, por sus valiosos comentarios.  
4.135.   Costa  Rica se complace en participar en el sexto examen de políticas comerciales de Chile, 
un país con el que mantenemos fuertes lazos culturales y económicos. Chile es un país hermano que 
ha liderado constantemente la implementación de mejores prácticas en la gestión gubernamental y 
comercial que ha sido un referente constante para Costa  Rica. Chile también se ha caracterizado por 
compartir visiones con Costa  Rica en múltiples foros internacio nales. Ejemplo de eso fue su gran 
apoyo en nuestro proceso de adhesión a la OCDE sobre el que siempre estaremos muy agradecidos.  
4.136.   En la OMC, Chile es un Miembro activo de las negociaciones agrícolas a través del grupo 
latinoamericano y el Grupo  de Cairns y ha apoyado desde el principio el trabajo de Costa  Rica en la 
reforma de las ayudas internas, un apoyo que Costa  Rica reconoce y agradece profundamente. El 
apoyo chileno al sistema multilateral del comercio también se ve reflejado en muchos otros ámbitos 
de trabajo. Chile ha tenido un papel importante en los trabajos sobre facilitación de comercio, pesca, 
facilitación de las inversiones, comercio y medio ambiente, mipymes, comercio electrónico, género 
y reforma de la OMC. Además, Chile participó en la exitos a conclusión de las negociaciones sobre 
regulación doméstica y copreside  las negociaciones sobre facilitación de las inversiones a través del 
excelente trabajo de la Embajadora  Boza.  
4.137.   Tanto el informe de la Secretaría como el del Gobierno dejan constancia d e la continua 
estabilidad de la economía chilena y su exitosa recuperación de la pandemia de COVID -19, a pesar 
del efecto inflacionario global. Si bien existen algunos elementos que generan incertidumbre en su 
política comercial, como la concentración en e l sector primario y el sistema de bandas de precios, 
Costa  Rica reconoce en Chile a un socio con un sistema comercial transparente y abierto.  
4.138.   En esa línea, Costa  Rica celebra las medidas adoptadas por su Gobierno para la 
profundización de su plataforma co mercial, incluyendo la continua búsqueda de nuevos mercados, 
como el CPTPP y la Alianza  del Pacífico -iniciativas en las que Costa  Rica aspira a formar parte.  
4.139.   También notamos positivamente su exitosa política de atracción de inversión extranjera 
directa, y la implementación de políticas para la facilitación del comercio y de modernización 
aduanera.  
4.140.   Costa  Rica también mantiene un interés constante en las políticas comerciales de un socio 
tan cercano e importante como lo es Chile y en particular en el desarr ollo de sus políticas de 
diversificación productiva, innovación, inclusión, sostenibilidad y competitividad.  
4.141.   Costa  Rica presentó preguntas en esta ocasión relacionadas con facilitación de comercio, 
mipymes, políticas de género, medidas sanitarias y fitosan itarias, contratación pública, registro de 
indicaciones geográficas y denominaciones de origen, política pesquera y energética, cambio 
climático y comercio digital. Agradecemos las respuestas brindadas por Chile, las cuales serán 
estudiadas con suma atenci ón.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.142.   Finalmente, en nombre de Costa  Rica quisiera desearle a nuestros amigos de Chile un 
exitoso examen de política comercial.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.143.   I would like to welcome the delegation of Chile, led by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, Under secretary 
for International Eco nomic Relations, and Ambassador Boza and her team in Geneva. I also thank 
H.E. Ambassador Mr  Tan Hung Seng (Singapore) for his remarks as the discussant.  
4.144.   Let me start by noting that the Government of Chile, which has been in office for two years 
now, is pursuing a number of political priorities to actively promote social justice, gender equality, 
environmental protection, and combat climate change. Chile is setting an example for others insofar 
these progressive priorities are combined with a very liberal  trade policy that has been the hallmark 
of Chile 's openness to the world for many decades.  
4.145.   The Chilean economy has benefited greatly from its openness and integration into the world 
economy. Chile's GDP per  capita is among the highest in Latin  America, a nd its trade to GDP ratio 
of 75% shows how much the country depends on openness for its prosperity.  
4.146.   Over the review period, Chile continued and intensified its trade openness strategy by 
pursuing bilateral trade agreements. Chile has 32  trade agreements c overing more than 
60 economies and, in many cases, these go beyond market liberalization agreements and include 
initiatives focused on issues such as digital markets, e -commerce, regional and global value chains, 
the environment, gender and MSMEs.  
4.147.   There ha ve been two major developments during the period under review: first, the coming 
into force of the CPTPP Agreement in February  2023 and secondly, the successful conclusion of the 
EU-Chile Advanced Framework Agreement in December last year. This was the fin alization of six 
years of hard work between Chile and the EU, aimed at moderni zing the existing EU -Chile Association 
Agreement, signed in 2002.  
4.148.   Chile is a key partner for the EU. Over the last 20  years, our bilateral trade has grown by 
150%. The EU is the third trading partner of Chile and Chile is one of our largest partners in 
Latin America. The EU is the first FDI source in Chile, with investment flows having doubled in 
20 years.  
4.149.   The Association Agreement has been good for diversification: since 2012, e xports of 
agri-food from Chile account for more than 50% of total exports (more than mining products). We 
also are very happy to be able to drink a great variety of excellent wine from Chile! The Association 
Agreement has worked well not just for big busin ess but also for SMEs: nearly 40% of exports from 
Chile to EU are from SMEs (a higher percentage than to other trading partners).  
4.150.   In the meantime, over the last 20  years, the world has changed, the nature of our economies 
has evolved, and new economic and societal priorities have come to the forefront. Thus, we decided 
jointly to moderni ze our relationship and work towards a new, broader and deeper agreement. I am 
happy to announce that just this week (on 13  December), Chile and the EU will sign this very m odern 
and progressive Advanced Framework Agreement, underpinned by a high degree of trust and 
like-mindedness.  
4.151.   This agreement is not only good for trade and investment and our respective economic 
resilience in the challenging geopolitical context – it also  sends a clear message to the world about 
our shared commitment to sustainability and speeding up the green and digital transitions.  
4.152.   Allow me to highlight that the new agreement will make 99% of trade between the EU and 
Chile tariff free. Furthermore, it will give much better access for our companies to investing and to 
bidding for government contracts and provide a high level of investment protection, with an 
investment court system in place. Last but not least, it contains major commitments on sustainabl e 
trade, including on climate, energy and raw materials, as well as gender equality and sustainable 
food systems.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.153.   Turning now to the multilateral context, the EU commends Chile 's active role in the WTO 
and the fulfilment of its notification obligations. We  appreciate Chile 's participation in the Multi -Party 
Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement and the full engagement on gender and MSMEs. We 
welcome Chile 's participation in various joint statement initiatives, and especially we applaud 
Ambassador Boza 's role as the co-Coordinator for Investment Facilitation for Development. 
Ambassador Sofía  Boza is also actively chairing the Working Group on Trade and Technology 
Transfer.  
4.154.   Even though Chile's record is impressive and our bilateral relationship is in extreme ly good 
shape, there are some areas where the EU considers there may be room for further initiatives. The 
EU invites Chile to join the Information Technology Agreement and the Agreement on Government 
Procurement. In the run -up to MC13, the EU looks forward  to working together with Chile on WTO 
reform, inclusiveness, and a positive outcome across the board.  
4.155.   On behalf of the EU, I wish Chile a successful sixth Trade Policy Review.  
REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA  
4.156.   En primer lugar, quisiéramos dar una muy cordial bienvenida a la delegación de Chile, 
encabezada por la S ra. Claudia  Sanhueza, Subsecretaria de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales, 
del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile; y felicitar a nuestro hermano país de Chile, y a la 
Secretaría de la OMC  por sus valiosos informes. Asimismo, agradecemos la ponencia del Embajador 
Tan Hung  Seng, Representante Permanente de Singapur ante la OMC.  
4.157.   Nuestra Misión además reconoce la importante labor que realizan en favor de nuestra 
Organización, la Dra.  Sofía Boza, Embajadora, Representante Permanente de Chile ante la OMC, y 
su equipo en Ginebra.  
4.158.   Los informes reflejan que Chile desde su último examen en 2015, ha seguido implementando 
una política comercial estable, basada en la apertura comercial, tanto a nivel m ultilateral como 
regional. Observamos con atención que Chile cuenta actualmente con 33  acuerdos comerciales 
vigentes con 65  economías, cubriendo aproximadamente el 88% del PIB mundial y el 96% de su 
comercio exterior. De estos acuerdos, 25 de ellos son cel ebrados con economías individuales.  
4.159.   Valoramos que, durante el periodo examinado, Chile participó activamente en las labores y 
debates de la OMC, así como en las diversas iniciativas conjuntas, incluida la Iniciativa Conjunta 
sobre la Facilitación de las In versiones para el Desarrollo, que copreside la Embajadora  Boza. 
Asimismo, Chile copatrocinó la Comunicación sobre el Comercio y la Sostenibilidad Ambiental, y 
participa en los grupos de trabajo informal sobre microempresas y pequeñas y medianas empresas 
(Mipyme s), y sobre comercio y cuestiones de género.  
4.160.   Las relaciones económicas, comerciales y de cooperación entre la República  Dominicana y 
Chile son de gran importancia para nuestro país. El intercambio comercial entre ambos países ha 
crecido en más de un 1 0% en promedio anual desde el 2017. Para el 2022 el comercio entre ambos 
países ascendía a unos USD 200 millones. Los principales productos exportados por la 
República  Dominicana hacia Chile son: ron, instrumentos y aparatos de medicina, tejidos, y 
medicam entos; mientras que los principales productos importados por nuestro país desde Chile son: 
gas, automóviles, salmón, y avena.  
4.161.   Queremos destacar también que el pasado mes de octubre nuestro Ministerio de Relaciones 
Exteriores fue sede de la Tercera Reunión del Consejo Conjunto de Comercio e Inversión entre la 
República Dominicana y Chile, un espacio en el que ambos países trabajan para el fortalecimiento 
de las relaciones económicas y comerciales. En este encuentro, las delegaciones de ambos países 
socializa ron oportunidades de inversión, y se comprometieron en realizar rondas de conversaciones 
a nivel técnico para evaluar y llegar a un posible Acuerdo de Alcance Parcial en materia comercial; 
y debatieron la posibilidad de mejorar la conectividad aérea entre sus naciones; entre otras.  
4.162.   Agradecemos las respuestas de la delegación de Chile a las preguntas que por escrito 
formulara la República  Dominicana, las cuales merecerán toda nuestra atención.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.163.   Al concluir, queremos aprovechar la ocasión para agradecer nuevam ente a Chile y desearle 
un exitoso examen de su política comercial. Deseamos todo lo mejor a su pueblo y su Gobierno.  
CANADA  
4.164.   Canada would like to extend a ver y warm welcome  to the Undersecretary of International 
Economic Relations , Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, as well as the other members of the Chilean delegation. 
We are pleased to participate in this sixth  Trade Policy Review of Chile and thank the Government 
of Chile and the Secretariat for their Reports.  
4.165.   We would also like to thank the discussant, H.E. Tan Hung Seng, for his enlightening 
unpacking of the three questions.  
4.166.   The economic ties between Canada and Chile are significant and greatly important our 
countries . Chile was one of Canada 's first free trade agreement partners. In fact, this year mar ked 
the 26th anniversary of that landmark Agreement. In recent years, this long -standing  relationship 
has become ever closer. In 2019, our modernized Canada -Chile Free Trade Agreement came into 
force, representing an important milestone for the development  of a more open, inclusive, and 
progressive rules -based trading environment, notably through the inclusion of a Chapter on trade 
and gender. Further, Canada is also happy to count Chile as one of our valued trading partners in 
the Comprehensive and Progres sive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).  
4.167.   We know that, like Canada, Chile is deeply committed to championing an inclusive trade 
agenda globally. We note Chile 's particular considerations and support for increasing women 's 
empowerment in intern ational trade and boosting micro, small and medium enterprises ' participation 
in trade. We commend Chile for adopting its Feminist Foreign Policy in June  2023, which sets an 
important framework for advancing inclusive trade in a meaningful way.  
4.168.   Canada valu es Chile 's partnership in the Inclusive Trade Action Group and Global Trade and 
Gender Arrangement and are proud of the work we have accomplished so far as founding members 
of both these initiatives. We congratulate Chile 's advocacy efforts in encouraging more Members to 
join these instruments. Our cooperation on issues related to trade and gender also expands to the 
WTO's Informal Working Groups on Trade and gender and on SMEs, within which we appreciate 
Chile's active participation.  
4.169.   We know that Chile sha res Canada's  view that trade should benefit everyone as we work 
towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and inclusive and sustainable economic 
growth. We look forward to working with Chile more on these issues.  
4.170.   Our close and long -standing  trade and economic partnership is yielding concrete results for 
both Canada and Chile. Canada is proud to now be the largest foreign direct investor in Chile. 
In recent years, Canadian companies have expressed their continued confidence in the Chi lean 
economy, investing even more in a multitude of sectors – including, energy, infrastructure, finance, 
agri-business , and mining, among others.  
4.171.   Canada continues to look for ways to build on its strong relationship with Chile, and we would 
particularly l ike to thank Chile for having welcomed, in April of this year, Canada 's Minister of 
International Trade, Mary  Ng, as the Head of a Trade Mission of 25 Canadian small and 
medium -sized companies active in the cleantech sector.  
4.172.   At the WTO, Canada notes with a ppreciation Chile 's engagement and the milestones 
achieved during the review period. Canada thanks Chile for its active engagement in the 
Ottawa  Group, and we look forward to continuing our work together in support of reform of the 
organization and a succe ssful 13th Ministerial Conference.  
4.173.   Further, as members of the Cairns  Group, Canada and Chile continue their long -standing  
collaboration to advance fact - and evidence -based discussions in the WTO agriculture negotiations, 
including to reduce distortions in global agriculture markets and continue the reform of agriculture 
trade.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.174.   Canada welcomes Chile 's active and collaborative engagement in the Joint Statement 
Initiative on E -commerce as we strive to reach an ambitious and commercially meaningful outcome 
and are pleased to count Chile as a participant of the Joint Statement Initiative on Domestic 
Regulation.  
4.175.   Canada also notes Chile 's dedication and leadership in coordinating t he negotiations of the 
Joint Statement Initiative on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD), under the leadership of  
Ambassador Boza as Co -Coordinator these  negotiations. Chile has played a critical role in ensuring 
significant progress in these neg otiations, which we know can produce real benefits for all, especially 
for developing and least -developed country Members, through increased cross -border investment.  
4.176.   Chile's very active participation in the WTO 's Trade and Environmental Sustainability 
Structured Discussion (TESSD), which is co -convened by Costa  Rica and Canada, is also greatly 
appreciated.  
4.177.   Finally, Canada would like to welcome the good news that Chile will be depositing  its 
instrument of ratification of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement. It  represents another important 
milestone as WTO  Members work together to bring this Agreement into force as soon as possible, 
for the benefit of all.  
4.178.   This long list of strong, sustained , and energetic engagement by Chile, which I have just 
outlined,  their e ngagement in the rules -based multilateral trading system and at the WTO, is really 
a testament to the leadership of H.E. Ms Sofía Boza and her team here in Geneva. My friend Sof ía 
has brought with her a formidable academic background in international trade  and an important 
understanding of public policy and international institutions. She is also a mother of a young child. 
One of the main principles of a feminist foreign policy and of inclusive trade is leveraging  the 
expertise and the knowledge of women to wards their meaningful participation in decision -making 
tables and spaces. Ambassador Boza 's appointment as Ambassador and Permanent Representative 
to the World Trade Organization here in Geneva is evidence of Chile walking the talk.  
4.179.   We are pleased to enga ge with Chile on its Trade Policy Review and look forward to 
continuing and strengthening our strong collaboration across our shared areas of interest.  
MALAYSIA  
4.180.   First and foremost, please allow me to welcome H .E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Undersecretary 
for Int ernational Economic Relations and her delegation, as well as our esteemed colleague, 
Ambassador Sof ía Boza to the sixth Trade Policy Review of Chile.  
4.181.   Malaysia would like to express our appreciation to the Chilean Government and the 
WTO Secretariat for the invaluable comprehensive Reports that have served as our compass 
throughout this rigorous review process.  
4.182.   We also thank Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng from Singapore for his assessment and 
evaluation of Chile 's trade policy development since its last Review bac k in 2015. We commend 
Chile's efforts in undertaking various economic liberali zation initiatives as reflected in the Reports, 
and Malaysia is grateful for the opportunity to participate in Chile 's sixth Trade Policy Review.  
4.183.   Chile and Malaysia have a long-standing and cooperative bilateral relationship, both in terms 
of trade and broader diplomatic engagements. Last year, bilateral trade between Malaysia and Chile 
reached USD  540 million, an increase of 29% compared to 2021. Malaysia and Chile share si milar 
interest in promoting a fair and freer trade, as well as regional integration. On this note, the 
Malaysia -Chile Free Trade Agreement (MCFTA) is Malaysia's first free trade agreement with a 
Latin American country, and the Agreement was implemented sin ce February  2012. Malaysia and 
Chile were also among the pioneers in establishing the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement 
for Trans -Pacific  Partnership (CPTPP).  
4.184.   On the multilateral front, Malaysia appreciates Chile 's active and constructive role in the  
WTO, such as the implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) as well as in the 
negotiations process in the run -up to the MC13 in issues related to among others, fisheries subsidies 
second wave negotiations, agriculture reform negotiations and  food security, e -commerce and WTO WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  reform work. As a fellow Cairns  Group member, Malaysia appreciates Chile 's contribution towards 
the agriculture reform work and discussion.  
4.185.   Malaysia also welcome Chile 's participation in the WTO joint initiatives, that M alaysia has 
also taken part in, on e -commerce, micro, small and medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs), and trade 
and gender informal working group. On this note, Malaysia commends Ambassador Boza 's leadership 
as co-coordinator in the JSI on Investment Facilitat ion for Development (IFD).  
4.186.   Chile's progressive stance on promoting multilateralism and human rights is not only 
laudable but serves as an example for other nations. Such initiatives reinforce the significance of 
inclusive and holistic policies in today's g lobalized world, ensuring that trade does not stand isolated 
but is integrally linked to broader social and human values.  
4.187.   We are particularly encouraged by Chile's commitment to fostering an open and conducive 
environment for foreign investments. Such meas ures undoubtedly bolster investor confidence and 
create a robust ecosystem for sustainable economic development.  
4.188.   Additionally, Chile's endeavours towards decarbonization and promoting renewable energy 
resonate deeply with the global call for sustainable de velopment. Their focus on achieving a just 
energy transition is especially noteworthy, balancing environmental concerns with socio -economic 
priorities.  
4.189.   For this current review, Malaysia had submitted written questions on areas such as tax 
reforms, foreign trade policies, foreign investment regimes, measures affecting production and 
trade, government procurement, manufacturing, renewable energy, sustainable development, and 
gender -inclusive policies. Malaysia appreciates the responses furnished, which will p rovide better 
understanding to our stakeholders on Chile 's trade and related policies.  
4.190.   In conclusion, Malaysia looks forward to deepening our trade relations with Chile, and 
continues to support Chile 's endeavours in creating a fair, inclusive and sustaina ble trade 
environment. With that, we wish the delegation of Chile a productive and successful sixth Trade 
Policy Review.  
TÜRKİYE 
4.191.   I would like to extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Chile, headed by 
Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Undersecretary of Interna tional Economic Relations of the Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs.  
4.192.   We thank the Secretariat and the Government of Chile for their comprehensive Reports, as 
well as Ambassador Mr  Tan Hung Seng of Singapore for his invaluable contribution to this review.  
4.193.   Chile is an active participant in WTO  bodies and negotiations. As a country committed to free 
and open trade, we very much value Chile 's contributions to our work here at the WTO.  
4.194.   Chile is the first Latin  American country that Türkiye has signed an FTA an d is our seven th 
trade partner in the region.  
4.195.   Although our economic and trade relations show growth, it is not at a desired pace. We 
believe that there is potential to further increase our cooperation in many areas.  
4.196.   Our trade volume was close to USD 750 million in 2022.  
4.197.   Our goal is to further increase these numbers in a balanced and mutually beneficial way.  
4.198.   We consider that technical meetings between our relevant ministries for the modernization 
of the FTA are benef icial for both sides.  
4.199.   We believe that convening the next Joint Economic Commission meeting in the period ahead 
and setting a road map will help to boost our trade relations.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.200.   Furthermore, Turkish -Chilean Chamber of Commerce has formally commenced its opera tions 
in 2022 to help to facilitate trade between our countries.  
4.201.   We also would like to promote mutual investments between Türkiye and Chile.  
4.202.   In this context, we consider that expediting the conclusion of the Agreement on the 
Prevention of Double Taxation will have a positive effect in investment field.  
4.203.   We are ready to work with Chile in every possible field to enhance our cooperation.  
4.204.   Before concluding, I want to thank Ambassador Sof ía Boza and her team for the excellent 
preparation for this review.  
4.205.   We wi sh Chile a very successful Review.  
ARGENTINA  
4.206.   Ante todo, quisiera sumarme a los Miembros que han dado la bienvenida a la delegación de 
Chile, presidida por la Sra.  Claudia  Sanhueza, Subsecretaria de Relaciones Económicas 
Internacionales; y extender nuestro reconocimiento a nuestras y nuestros colegas de la querida 
Misión Permanente de Chile en Ginebra por su excelente labor. Permítame también agradecer al 
Embajador Tan Hung Seng de Singapur por su presentación.  
4.207.   Chile es un país de importancia estratégica par a Argentina. Los fuertes vínculos económicos 
y el dinamismo del intercambio comercial constituyen una sólida base para la relación bilateral, con 
una visión compartida para el mediano y largo plazo.  
4.208.   En su relación bilateral con Chile, Argentina cuenta con un robusto marco institucional que 
es la base para profundizar más aún la integración e implementar acciones que prioricen el 
crecimiento inclusivo, el desarrollo industrial y el fortalecimiento de las pequeñas y medianas 
empresas.  
4.209.   Uno de los aspectos cen trales que nutre la agenda bilateral es el relacionamiento en materia 
energética, la cual comprende temas como el intercambio de gas natural y energía eléctrica, la 
promoción de la eficiencia energética y las energías renovables y el análisis de proyectos para nuevas 
interconexiones eléctricas. Al respecto, consideramos de gran importancia seguir trabajando de 
manera conjunta con miras a incrementar los intercambios energéticos entre ambos países.  
4.210.   El intercambio comercial bilateral es robusto y se expande a ño a año. Luego de la caída 
sufrida en el comercio bilateral como consecuencia de la pandemia de COVID -19, en el año 2022 el 
flujo comercial no solo se recuperó sino que superó las cifras pre pandemia. De igual manera, el 
comercio bilateral de servicios se  consolida anualmente.  
4.211.   Además del creciente comercio bilateral, Argentina es receptora de una importante cuantía 
de inversión extranjera directa proveniente de Chile. Aproximadamente 400  empresas chilenas 
desarrollan más de 700  diferentes proyectos de inve rsión a lo largo de todo el territorio argentino. 
Los principales sectores de inversión son la energía eléctrica, los servicios, la industria de alimentos 
y la minería.  
4.212.   Deseamos reiterar la profunda importancia que concedemos a esta relación y nuestra firm e 
voluntad de seguir fortaleciendo nuestros vínculos para el beneficio mutuo de ambas naciones.  
4.213.   Chile es, sin lugar a dudas, una economía fuertemente integrada al mundo gracias a su 
extensa y sólida red de acuerdos comerciales. Como destaca el informe de C hile para este examen, 
en los últimos años gran parte de los esfuerzos de la política comercial internacional de Chile se 
centraron en modernizar los acuerdos comerciales vigentes. En ese sentido, el Acuerdo Comercial 
entre la República Argentina y la Repú blica de Chile, en vigor desde el 1  de mayo  de 2019, 
profundizó disciplinas acordadas previamente e incorporó nuevos compromisos en ámbitos 
novedosos en acuerdos comerciales, tales como comercio electrónico, compras públicas, género y 
comercio, ambiente y comercio y asuntos laborales.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.214.   Desde su entrada  en vigor ya hemos avanzado junto a Chile en la facilitación del comercio, 
alcanzándose desarrollos significativos en la automatización gracias a las acciones impulsadas por 
los equipos informáticos de las Aduanas de ambos países. También hemos acordado ac ciones de 
cooperación y trabajos conjuntos en materia de compras públicas, comercio y medio ambiente, 
telecomunicaciones e inversiones y comercio electrónico.  
4.215.   Argentina aprecia enormemente las contribuciones de Chile al sistema multilateral de 
comercio bas ado en normas y su participación activa en las actividades y órganos de la OMC. En 
particular podemos mencionar la activa participación de Chile en las negociaciones sobre agricultura 
y sobre subvenciones a la pesca , y felicitar a Chile por el anuncio real izado de su adhesión al Acuerdo 
sobre Subvenciones a la Pesca.  
4.216.   Argentina destaca especialmente el liderazgo de la Emb ajadora Sofía Boza, así como el de 
su predecesor el Emb ajador  Matías  Franke como co -coordinadores de la negociación sobre 
Facilitación de I nversiones para el Desarrollo, así como la activa participación de la delegación de 
Chile en la negociación de comercio electrónico. Asimismo, agradecemos la información provista en 
su informe sobre las políticas públicas implementadas para promover una po lítica comercial 
internacional más progresiva e inclusiva, en particular sobre el desarrollo de disposiciones 
comerciales en temáticas de género en los acuerdos comerciales, y destacamos el activo 
involucramiento de Chile en el Grupo Informal sobre Comerci o y Género.  
4.217.   En el marco de este examen de política comercial, las preguntas presentadas por Argentina 
apuntan a ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre las políticas que planea Chile para hacer su economía 
más sustentable, sus programas de incentivos para la d iversificación productiva y sobre su 
legislación en materia de investigaciones por dumping. Agradecemos las respuestas recibidas que 
serán analizadas detenidamente por nuestros y nuestras colegas en Buenos  Aires; y esperamos 
continúe el fluido diálogo bila teral entre nuestras delegaciones.  
4.218.   Finalizando, y además de reiterar nuestro reconocimiento por esta nueva oportunidad de 
intercambiar opiniones y consideraciones sobre las políticas y prácticas comerciales de Chile, 
resaltamos una vez más la importancia d e este ejercicio de transparencia en todos sus aspectos y 
deseamos a la delegación chilena la exitosa conclusión de este ejercicio.  
REPUBLIC OF KOREA  
4.219.   I extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Chile, led by H.E.  Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, 
Undersecretary of Int ernational Economic Relations. I also express gratitude to Ambassador 
Mr Tan Hung Seng for his insightful comments as a discussant, and I appreciate the Secretariat and 
the Chilean Government for the comprehensive Reports prepared for the sixth  Trade Polic y Review 
of Chile.  
4.220.   My delegation acknowledges that Chile has implemented a variety of policies to promote an 
open economy and international cooperation. Chile currently has 33  active trade agreements with 
65 economies, covering approximately 88% of the wo rld's GDP and around 96% of Chile's trade.  
4.221.   During the Trade Policy Review, Chile's trade as a percentage of GDP increased from 59% 
in 2015 to 75% in 2022. The trade balance in goods was in surplus, which further increased during 
the review period.  
4.222.   The Republic  of Korea has maintained close cooperation with Chile for an extended period 
to enhance trade and investment between the two countries. The Republic  of Korea signed an FTA 
with Chile for the first time in 2003 and since then trade between the two c ountries has surged more 
than fivefold from USD  1.5 billion in 2004 to about USD  8.3 billion last year. This year marks the 
20th anniversary of signing the bilateral FTA between the two countries, the bilateral summit was 
held between the Presidents of the  Republic  of Korea and Chile. Additionally, the Korean Minister of 
Industry visited Chile in late October to discuss ways to strengthen supply chains and expand 
economic cooperation. The Republic  of Korea and Chile launched the 8th round of talks, on upgra ding 
the bilateral FTA on 29  November, covering various sectors, including goods trade, trade facilitation, 
intellectual property, labour, and the environment, as well as energy and minerals.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.223.   The Republic  of Korea expresses great appreciation for Chile 's valuable contribution to 
the WTO. A s a founding Member of the Organization, Chile has actively engaged in its work and 
discussions, as well as various joint initiatives. Chile ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 
November  2016. Chile has continued t o participate in joint initiatives such as e -commerce, 
investment facilitation for development, and domestic regulation in the service s sector. I would like 
to take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to the Ambassador of Chile, Ms  Sofía Boza, 
for her efforts in coordinating the negotiations on investment facilitation for development with the 
Republic  of Korea .  
4.224.   As many other delegations have mentioned today, my delegation once again appreciates 
Chile's steadfast support and active participation in the rules -based multilateral trading system. The 
Republic  of Korea believes that Chile will continue to contribute to facilitating free trade and 
strengthening the multilateral trading system. My government  looks forward to continuing to w ork 
closely with Chile in the arena of international trade.  
4.225.   I wish the delegation of Chile every success in its TPR.  
ECUADOR  
4.226.   Ecuador felicita a Chile en su examen de políticas comerciales en la OMC, saluda a la 
Sra. Claudia  Sanhueza, Subsecretaria de Relac iones Económicas Internacionales, a su delegación, a 
la Sra. Embajadora Sofía  Boza, Representante Permanente de Chile ante la OMC y al equipo de su 
Misión en Ginebra.  
4.227.   Señor Presidente, también agradecemos su presentación de esta sesión, así como los 
oportu nos informes presentados por el gobierno Chile y la Secretaría de la OMC.  
4.228.   Hacemos extensivo nuestro reconocimiento a los comentarios del Sr. Embajador 
Tan Hung  Seng de Singapur, quien ha evaluado de manera eficiente el contexto general e 
importantes eleme ntos económicos y comerciales a consideración en este ejercicio.  
4.229.   Ecuador y Chile basan su relación comercial en el marco del Acuerdo de Integración 
Comercial ACE75, que entró en vigor en 2022 y permitió modernizar la relación bilateral, 
profundizando las d isciplinas existentes, tales como acceso a mercado y reglas de origen, e 
incorporando otras vinculadas al comercio electrónico, cadenas regionales y globales de valor, 
encadenamientos productivos y facilitación del comercio.  
4.230.   Chile constituye un importante  socio comercial para Ecuador. En 2022, fue el séptimo destino 
de nuestras exportaciones no petroleras y el tercero en la región, con operaciones por 
USD 383 millones en 2022. En esta línea, Chile es el noveno proveedor de bienes del Ecuador y 
sexto en la región, registrándose transacciones por USD  539 millones en el mismo año.  
4.231.   En 2022 las exportaciones no petroleras de Ecuador hacia Chile se componen de bienes 
agrícolas y de pesca, como banano, flores, pescado enlatado y camarón, así como de productos con  
valor agregado como manufacturas de cuero. Ecuador importa desde Chile, medicinas, frutas, 
materias primas. Existe también un intercambio importante en materia de servicios.  A 2022, la 
balanza comercial total ha sido favorable al país, por un valor de USD  749 millones.  
4.232.   Ecuador saluda la decidida participación de Chile en la OMC y su compromiso por fortalecer 
el sistema multilateral de comercio, como garantía de paz, desarrollo y cooperación, así como su 
abordaje comprensivo a las diversas circunstancias d el comercio y su contribución con la agenda 
global internacional, en diversos aspectos en los que Chile ha demostrado su claro liderazgo.  
4.233.   La delegación ecuatoriana quisiera resaltar en esta oportunidad, los importantes avances de 
las políticas comerciales  chilenas, especialmente desde su último examen. Destacan, entre otros 
elementos, su decidida participación en las negociaciones del Acuerdo sobre Subvenciones a la Pesca 
y en las actuales sesiones sobre las disciplinas a los subsidios que promueven la sob repesca y 
sobrecapacidad, su liderazgo en las discusiones sobre como comercio electrónico, facilitación de las 
inversiones para el desarrollo, y reglamentación nacional en la esfera de los servicios.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.234.   Ecuador felicita la efectiva coordinación que Chile rea liza respecto de las negociaciones 
relativas a facilitación de las inversiones para el desarrollo, junto con la República  de Corea.  
4.235.   Es notorio también el compromiso chileno respecto de otras cuestiones transversales. Así, 
fue parte en 2017 de la Declaració n de Buenos  Aires sobre el Comercio y el Empoderamiento 
Económico de las Mujeres en el ámbito de la OMC y, al momento, está activamente involucrado en 
el Grupo de Trabajo Informal de Comercio y Género.  
4.236.   De la misma forma, Chile fue uno de los Miembros que i niciaron el Grupo de Amigos de las 
Mipymes  en la OMC con el propósito de impulsar conversaciones informales sobre los desafíos 
enfrentados por las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, liderando en principio este grupo.  
4.237.   En lo que respecta al comercio y el medio ambiente, aparte de participar en el  Comité de 
Comercio y Medio Ambiente, Chile copatrocina el Diálogo sobre la Contaminación Producida por los 
Plásticos y el Comercio de Plásticos Ambientalmente Sostenible, del cual Ecuador es un coordinador, 
y en cuyo ámbito se prepara una Declaración Mini sterial hacia la décimo tercera Conferencia 
Ministerial de la OMC.  
4.238.   Ecuador ha presentado preguntas por escrito mediante la Secretaría. Apreciaremos recibir 
sus informaciones y el continuo diálogo que podemos mantener a futuro a fin de promover un 
comercio bilateral amplio y dinámico.  
4.239.   Gracias Presidente, deseamos el mejor de los éxitos a Chile y su delegación en este ejercicio 
de transparencia de la OMC.  
CHINA  
4.240.   I want to start by welcoming the delegation of Chile led by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza , 
Undersecretary of  International Economic Relations , and thanking the Secretariat and Government 
of Chile for the preparation of the TPR Reports. I also want to thank Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng for 
his inspiring remarks.  
4.241.   China commends Chile for its economic achievement since  its last Review in 2015. According 
to the Secretariat  Report, its economy grew steadily between 2014 and 2019. Although hit hard by 
the COVID -19 pandemic, Chile's economy quickly returned to growth in 2021 and its GDP growth 
returned to the pre-pandemic a verage level in 2022. We also note the positive signs of falling 
inflation rate in 2023 and hope Chile could achieve its inflation targets and a full economic recovery 
soon.  
4.242.   We appreciate Chile 's effort in improving the business environment for foreign in vestors and 
setting up new department for export promotion. In its Government Report, it is worth noticing that 
Chile takes an approach that is in line with the WTO rules framework when formulating open policies 
for trade and investment. We encourage Chile 's continuous effort in this regard.  
4.243.   On the multilateral front, Chile views WTO as a central pillar of support for the multilateral 
trading  system and it reaffirms the importance of WTO with actions. China commends Chile for its 
active participation in and  contribution to the work of the WTO. Particularly, China commends the 
leadership and efforts of three Ambassadors of Chile to coordinate the IFD negotiations, driving IFD 
participants from 10 at the start to about 120 today. With concerted efforts, we con cluded the text 
negotiations of IFD agreement this July and we are looking forward to multilateral results at MC13.  
4.244.   We commend Chile for prioritizing sustainability and inclusi veness  in its work at the WTO. It 
co-sponsored  the Statement on Trade and Enviro nmental Sustainability, and actively participated in 
the discussion on e -commerce, MSMEs, trade and gender and plastic pollution. We  have learned 
with pleasure that Chile is going to ratify the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement soon. Chile 's exemplary 
performance in notification to the WTO is another highlight.  
4.245.   On the bilateral front, Chile is a comprehensive and strategic partner to China. We thank 
Chile for its support to the Chinese people during the difficult days of the COVID -19 pandem ic.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.246.   Chile and China have extensive cooperation and exchanges in broad areas of trade and 
investment. China is Chile's largest trading partner, and Chile is China's third largest trading partner 
in Latin  America. Cherries from Chile, travelling across moun tains and seas, are the most popular 
fruit for Chinese  consumers table in winter. Chile is the first Latin  American country who came into 
a free trade agreement with China. In 2022, the bilateral trade volume was USD 67 billion, 9.4  times 
larger compared w ith the trade volume before implementation of the Free Trade Agreement in 2006.  
4.247.   In October  2021, the AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) mutual recognition arrangement 
between China  and Chile came into effect, marking another step forward in trade facilita tion efforts 
between the two countries. According to the Customs of China, over 800  AEO companies in China 
were exporting to Chile in 2021, accounting for nearly 20% of China 's total export to Chile.  
4.248.   As the Joint Statement between China and Chile goes, the two sides both uphold openness 
in trade and firmly safeguard the free trade and multilateral trading system. China is looking forward 
to continuing  to deepen global and regional cooperation in with Ch ile. We would like to work closely 
with Chile for the application to join CPTPP and DEPA.  
4.249.   For the purpose of this review, we have submitted written questions to Chile, in order to 
further understand the measures taken by the Government of Chile to facilit ate trade and 
investment.  We are looking forward to the replies and will study them carefully.  
4.250.   Finally, I wish the sixth TPR of Chile a success.  
UKRAINE  
4.251.   On behalf of the delegation of Ukraine, I would like to warmly welcome the distinguished 
delegation of  Chile, led by Under secretary for International Economic Relations, 
H.E. Claudia  Sanhueza, and express our appreciation to her team and to the WTO Secretariat for 
their substantial work and comprehensive Reports prepared for this Trade Policy Review.  
4.252.   We ar e also thankful to the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng of Singapore, for 
his introduction and excellent framing of the issues we are discussing today.  
4.253.   Participation in this Review is a good opportunity for us to express our interest in developin g 
and further strengthening trade and economic relationships with Chile and get a better 
understanding of its policy achievements in the previous review in 2015.  
4.254.   We know that during the period under review, Chile had years of stability when its annual 
GDP growth averaged 2% before it shrank by 6.1% in 2020 due to the COVID -19 pandemic.   
4.255.   Nevertheless, the Chilean economy showed resilience and quickly started to recover in 2021, 
with a real GDP growth rate of 11.7%, exceeding pre -pandemic levels, a nd of 2.4% in 2022.  Such 
increase was the result of fiscal measures timely implemented by the Government as a response to 
the COVID -19 health crisis, alongside with the pursuit of a stable trade policy, based on open trade.  
4.256.   Those measures allowed the Chile an economy to benefit further from its openness and to 
return to the path of fiscal consolidation in 2022.  
4.257.   We acknowledge that Chile's GDP per  capita remains one of the highest in Latin  America, 
and it rose steadily over the period 2015 -2022.  
4.258.   At the same  time, a combination of external shocks has a negative impact on the Chilean 
economy. The Russian  Federation 's full -scale invasion of Ukraine is one of such harmful factors. The 
detrimental effects of the Russian armed aggression continue to disrupt global  supply chains, 
particularly with regard to food and energy supplies.  
4.259.   Unprovoked and unjustified war of aggression waged by the Russian  Federation against 
Ukraine directly affects our bilateral trade in goods and services, leading to its substantial decre ase 
in 2022 by 31.3% compared to 2021.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.260.   Although during nine months of this year our bilateral trade in goods with Chile renewed its 
growth trend, its volume remains far less than it was before Russia n Federation' s invasion of Ukraine. 
Ukraine's exports to  Chile continue to decrease this year. The balance of trade in goods is negative 
for Ukraine and amounts to USD 33.6 million as of the beginning of October  2023.  
4.261.   Ukraine considers Chile an important economic partner in Latin  America. We are confident 
that it is in our mutual interest to expand trade volumes by creating conditions for smooth flow of 
trade, fostering business development, and promoting investments.  
4.262.   Ukraine is ready to work towards further elimination of trade barriers and opening our 
market s, despite the Russian war and other challenges.  
4.263.   We believe that the resumption of the work of the Ukrainian -Chilean Intergovernmental 
Commission will contribute further to intensification of our bilateral cooperation. Mining, agriculture, 
transport, space , aviation, pharmaceutical and energy sectors are the main fields of potential mutual 
interest for both countries.  
4.264.   Ukraine appreciates Chile's active participation in the WTO. In great importance, it attaches 
to the rules -based multilateral trading system . We share Chile 's stance that multilateralism and 
global governance are the best guarantees of peace, development and cooperation.  
4.265.   We applaud the Chilean Feminist Foreign Policy.  
4.266.   Ukraine welcomes Chile's ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement i n 2016 and the 
announced acceptance of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. We highly value its contribution to 
negotiations on various topics within the WTO, as well as Chile 's engagement in joint statement 
initiatives and informal working groups.  
4.267.   Ukrain e also commends Chile's role in the work of Cairns Group.  
4.268.   We would like to reassure that Ukraine is ready to work jointly with Chile across different 
WTO bodies to strengthen the multilateral trading system and to improve trade environment.  
4.269.   In the framewo rk of this TPR exercise, we submitted questions to Chile concerning 
implementation status of the input module created within the Integrated Foreign Trade System for 
trade facilitation, export promotion measures and their impact on the Chilean economy, the 
"Siembra  por Chile" programme and its results, review and modernization process regarding 
investment promotion and protection agreements. We appreciate Chile's answers to these questions.  
4.270.   In conclusion, Ukraine wishes Chile a very successful 6th Trade Poli cy Review and growth 
and prosperity to the Chilean people in the coming new year.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.271.   The United  States welcomes head of delegation Ms Claudia  Sanhueza and the rest of the 
Chilean delegation to the sixth  Trade Policy Review of Chile. We apprecia te the Secretariat and 
Government Reports and the opportunity to review the significant work that Chile has undertaken 
in the past eight years.  
4.272.   The U.S. -Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is the United  States ' oldest free trade agreement 
with a Western  Hemis phere partner since the renegotiation of the North  American Free Trade 
Agreement. Goods and services trade between our countries totalled USD 40 billion in 2021, which 
is a significant increase from the USD 8.7 billion we traded in 2003, the year before we signed the 
FTA. Given the comprehensive reforms that Chile undertook during the review period, the mature 
trade relationship that it has with the United  States, and it 's potential to play a critical role in a 
sustainable and green future, the Uni ted States looks forward to advancing its cooperation with Chile 
across various areas of mutual interest, including diversity and inclusion, and sustainability.  
4.273.   The United  States commends Chile for its handling of the economic crisis caused by the 
global p andemic, and the efforts it is taking to regain pre -pandemic levels of employment, transition 
towards sustainable growth, and control inflation. We also welcome Chile 's recent legislative, WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  regulatory, and policy reforms that bring Chile 's full environmenta l ambitions to bear. In particular, 
with the promise Chile holds for global critical mineral supply chains, we are keen to see how Chile 
implements its National Lithium Strategy while maintaining an environment conducive to investment 
in the sector.  
4.274.   Understanding Chile 's goal to attract foreign investment and acknowledging Chile 's 
high-standard investment environment that it has maintained in recent years, the United  States 
notes the importance of protecting the rights of existing investors in the pen sion, insurance, energy, 
and mining sectors. We observe with interest Chile 's draft pension reform bill, and encourage Chile 
to ensure that any reform is consistent with its international obligations, including with respect to 
expropriation and compensatio n.  
4.275.   As was the case at Chile 's last Trade Policy Review in 2015, the United  States urges Chile to 
take action to address its remaining intellectual property issues. During the period of review, Chile 
strengthened its legal framework by criminalizing tradem ark falsification and increasing penalties 
for aiding and abetting the trade of various types of illicit goods, among other items. However, 
despite the 20  years since the signing of our FTA, several IP provisions remain unaddressed, 
including protection ag ainst the unlawful circumvention of technological protection measures, 
protection for plant varieties, and improvement of its Internet service provider liability framework. 
In addition, the United  States asks that Chile ensure that market access for produc ts in Chile will 
not be restricted due to the mere use of certain terms; or, alternatively, that Chile provide 
transparency and procedural fairness to all interested parties in connection with potential recognition 
or protection of geographical indications . We welcome further engagement with Chile on these and 
other important topics relating to intellectual property rights.  
4.276.   As reflected in our advance written questions, the United  States has great interest in updates 
to amendments to Chile 's General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture of 1989, and the environmental 
and labo ur impacts of the new fisheries law that was submitted to the National  Assembly this year. 
Further in that vein, we welcome the positive news regarding Chile 's acceptance of the Protocol of 
the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. Finally, we submitted several questions to better understand 
Chile's State Trading Enterprise, COTRISA (Comercializadora de Trigo S.A.).  
4.277.   We view Chile as one of our most trusted and reliable trading partners in the regi on, and 
believe that our partnership will only strengthen through our work and cooperation under the 
Americas Partnership for Economic Prosperity. The United  States thanks Chile for its leadership in 
the Americas Partnership, especially its agreement to le ad a new initiative that aims to build the 
region 's civil space industry.  
4.278.   It was an honour for the United  States to host APEC this year.  Chile was a strong supporter 
of our focus to advance sustainability and inclusivity in trade and investment policy. We very much 
recognize that our success this year built on and was supported by Chile 's extensive work in APEC 
to advance economic empowerment of women.  
4.279.   Thank you for the opportunity to comment on Chile 's trade policy. We appreciate the 
Undersecretary  and her  team for all of their efforts, and we look forward to a robust discussion and 
productive Trade Policy Review.  
URUGUAY  
4.280.   Uruguay desea brindar la más cordial bienvenida a la delegación de Chile encabezada por la 
Sra. Claudia  Sanhueza, Subsecretaria  de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales, en la oportunidad 
de su sexto examen de políticas comerciales, a quien agradecemos por  su presentación.  
4.281.   Asimismo, agradecemos a la Secretaría por su completo informe y al Embajador 
Tang Hung Seng de Singapur por su demostrativa interpretación del análisis realizado.  
4.282.   A nivel bilateral, Uruguay desea destacar que es uno de los dos países en el mundo con 
quien contamos con un tratado de libre comercio de última generación.  
4.283.   ¿Por qué decimos de última generación? Porque incluye capítulos novedosos, tales como 
legislación laboral, medio ambiente, género y comercio, coherencia regulatoria, transpa rencia y WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  anticorrupción, entre otros. En este sentido, Uruguay reconoce a Chile como un país amigo y 
hermano.  
4.284.   Las inversiones, asimismo, están siendo objeto de mucha relevancia en el sentido de que en 
el periodo 2017 -2021 hemos recibido más de USD 700 millones, algo que en el pasado no estaba 
sucediendo.  
4.285.   En cuanto al comercio de bienes, Chile permanece en el top  10 de los destinos de las 
exportaciones de mercancía de Uruguay, destacándose la carne, sus despojos y productos lácteos.  
4.286.   Somos dos países que defe ndemos el rol de las mipymes en el comercio internacional, así 
como el rol de las mujeres dentro de las mipymes.  
4.287.   A nivel multilateral, ambos coincidimos en que la OMC juega un rol y una función central en 
el sistema multilateral de comercio basado en norma s. Esto nos brinda un escenario de certidumbre 
necesario para asegurar que los acuerdos en esta casa sigan siendo relevantes y a la altura de las 
circunstancias que nos imponen los desafíos globales.   
4.288.   Ambos representamos economías medianas de América  Latina y eso nos convierte en socios 
inseparables.  Trabajamos juntos en la implementación de los compromisos de la duodécima 
Conferencia Ministerial, en la implementación de acuerdos para impedir los subsidies a la pesca ilegal 
no declarada y no reglamentada, a sí como en agricultura.  
4.289.   En agricultura deseamos destacar que somos parte del Grupo  de Cairns con quien siempre 
tenemos una visión similar, y además somos parte del reciente formado grupo de América  Latina 
sobre agricultura.  
4.290.   Uruguay y Chile somos países qu e estamos siempre de acuerdo en los temas relevantes 
contra la lucha de la pandemia del COVID -19, en la reforma de la OMC y en tener un sistema de 
solución de controversias que esté funcionando a pleno antes del final del año 2024.  
4.291.   Felicitamos a Chile por sus iniciativas tendientes a la mejora de las exportaciones de las 
pequeñas y medianas empresas y sobre todo aquellas lideradas por las mujeres.  Y aquí hacemos un 
especial énfasis en el rol de la Embajadora Sofía  Boza, quien además de ser una champion  en lo que 
tiene que ver con mipymes y el rol de las mujeres en el comercio internacional, es la cofacilitadora 
de las discusiones sobre la facilitación de inversiones para el desarrollo.  
4.292.   En este sentido, deseamos agradecerle a la Embajadora Sofía Boza por su c ontinua 
colaboración con Uruguay en todos los comités y consejos de esta casa y a todo su equipo, quien a 
la hora de coordinar posiciones siempre mantiene un enfoque constructivo en los diferentes órganos 
de esta casa.  
4.293.   Nuestros mejores deseos para un exito so examen de política comercial.  
PARAGUAY  
4.294.   La República de Paraguay quisiera extender un cordial saludo a la delegación de Chile en la 
persona de la jefa de delegación, Sra.  Claudia  Sanhueza , Subsecretaria de Relaciones Económicas 
Internacionales. También quisiéramos agradecerle a usted, Señor  Presidente, por la conducción de 
este examen, así como al ponente , Embajador Tan Hung Seng de Singapur  y a la Secretaría por la 
elaboración del exhaustiv o informe.  
4.295.   Paraguay y Chile comparten región e históricos lazos de amistad. Además de importantes 
lazos comerciales, durante el periodo 2015 -2022, Chile fue el quinto  socio comercial de Paraguay.  
4.296.   Como resaltan tanto el informe de la Secretaría como el de g obierno, una de las principales 
características de la economía de Chile es su apertura comercial y el libre movimiento de capitales, 
esta apertura permitió a Chile ser uno de los países con el PIB per  cápita más altos de América  Latina 
y continuar la traye ctoria de crecimiento estable.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.297.   Aunque, como todas, su economía fue afectada por la pandemia del COVID -19 nos 
congratulamos con la pronta recuperación que les permitió retomar rápidamente el crecimiento.  
4.298.   Es importante resaltar que Chile aplica una política fiscal encaminada a lograr el equilibrio 
estructural y la estabilidad fiscal a medio plazo. Esta política se tradujo en déficits moderados del 
gobierno central en el período 2015 -2019, de entre el 1,7% y el 2,9% del PIB.  
4.299.   En 2020 se aprobó una reforma fisc al, que incluía tipos impositivos efectivos máximos más 
elevados. Al mismo tiempo, las cuentas fiscales se deterioraron debido a la adopción de medidas de 
apoyo para mitigar los efectos de la pandemia causada por el COVID -19, por un valor estimado de 
USD 40.000  millones entre 2020 y 2021, que, junto con una caída de los de los ingresos debido a 
la ralentización de la actividad económica, elevaron el déficit de la Administración Central al 7,3% 
del PIB en 2020 y al 7,7% en 2021.  
4.300.   En 2022, Chile volvió a la senda de la consolidación fiscal; los recortes del gasto, 
acompañados de mayores ingresos, produjeron un superávit del gobierno central del 1,1% del PIB 
en 2022.  
4.301.   En 2023 se introdujo la nueva reforma fiscal, que se propone, entre otras cosas, incrementar 
los impuestos, combatir la elusión y evasión fiscal y la informalidad, y aumentar la eficiencia fiscal.  
4.302.   El comercio bilateral Paraguay -Chile se realiza en el marco del Acuerdo de Complementación 
Económica N°35, en el marco de la Asociación Latinoamericana d e Integración (ALADI) y se efectúa 
libre de aranceles desde el año 2014.  
4.303.   En el año 2021 el Paraguay y Chile suscribieron además un Acuerdo Comercial que 
profundiza y actualiza las diciplinas del ACE N°35 entre nuestros países, incluyendo además 
diciplinas mutuamente acordadas referentes a, entre otras, comercio y medio ambiente, comercio y 
género, mipymes, comercio y asuntos laborales, entre otros, dando un salto cualitativo y cuantitativo 
a la relación comercial con ese país, con un acuerdo de última gener ación.  
4.304.   Este acuerdo ya fue incorporado por ambas partes y entrará en vigor el 
14 de febrero  de 2024.  
4.305.   Asimismo, Chile juega un rol fundamental para el Paraguay como país en desarrollo sin 
litoral, al otorgarnos un Depósito y Zona Franca en el Puerto de Ant ofagasta sobre el Océano  Pacífico, 
que con la conclusión del Corredor Vial Bioceánico que estamos desarrollando y que unirá a cinco 
países, será uno de los principales centros logísticos de Paraguay con una mirada a los mercados 
emergentes del Asia -Pacific o, constituyendo en un ejemplo elocuente en una mirada solidaria de un 
país hermano de nuestra región.  
4.306.   En nombre de mi país, reitero mis felicitaciones a quienes tienen a cargo la conducción de 
este examen y muy especialmente a la Embajadora Sofía  Boza y toda la Misión Permanente de Chile 
con quienes compartimos igualmente trabajos y grupos de negociación en varios órganos e 
iniciativas conjuntas en el marco de la OMC, agradecemos en especial su liderazgo como 
co-coordinador de la Iniciativa Conjunt a sobre Facilitación de Inversiones para el Desarrollo y el 
Grupo de Trabajo sobre Comercio y Transferencia de Tecnología.  
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO  
4.307.   Trinidad  and Tobago welcomes this opportunity to participate in the sixth Trade Policy 
Review of Chile. We join others in welcoming to Geneva, and to the WTO, head of delegation 
H.E. Claudia  Sanhueza, Under secretary of International Economic Relations, as well as all other 
capital -based officials who are in Geneva this week for this review. We extend our best wishes  for a 
productive Review. We also commend Ambassador Sof ía Boza and her small but formidable team 
for their invaluable contributions here at the WTO, including on trade and transfer of technology, 
investment facilitation, fisheries subsidies, agriculture, TRIPS, services, MSMEs, trade and gender 
and trade and environment, among other files. In addition, we take this opportunity to highlight the 
imprint that the delegation led by Ambassador Boza has made in wider international Geneva, not 
least of all at WIP O. WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  4.308.   In addition, we applaud you, Chair, on your able stewardship of this meeting. We also 
recogni ze the diligent efforts of the Secretariat and Chile in the preparation of their respective 
Reports ahead of this review. We recogni ze you as well, Ambassador T an Hung  Seng, for your usual 
focused and systematic approach in embracing the role of discussant.  
4.309.   Chile's extensive engagement at the WTO and its robust participation in global trade 
evidence a clear commitment to the rules -based multilateral trading syst em with the WTO at its 
core. Chile 's engagement in this house continues to enrich our deliberations and negotiations, not 
least of all within the context of GRULAC, among other configurations. On fisheries and agriculture, 
in particular, we take this oppor tunity to highlight Chile 's evident commitment to progress on these 
files with a view to securing meaningful outcomes at MC13. We also take this opportunity to 
commend Ambassador  Boza for her leadership, not least of all in stewarding participating 
delegat ions in respect of the conclusion of negotiations on the Agreement on Investment Facilitation 
for Development, ably building on the platform provided by the other Coordinators from Chile who 
preceded her. We also applaud her leadership of the Working Group  on Trade and Transfer of 
Technology in 2023.  
4.310.   In the period since the last Review in 2015, Chile has continued to place empha sis on 
openness and integration into global trade, including by pursuing and implementing bilateral, 
regional and multilateral trad e agreements. Though not immune to the disruptions and deleterious 
impacts of the COVID -19 pandemic, the food insecurity crisis, climate -related challenges and 
inflationary pressures, Chile 's systematic and responsive approach to recovery has proven to be 
effective and has featured the judicious use of fiscal and monetary policy, among other tools. GDP 
growth has been, by and large, robust, trade surpluses have been achieved and foreign direct 
investment attraction efforts continue to be successful. Notwith standing the importance of mining, 
agriculture and fisheries to export and economic performance, the establishment of ProChile and 
InvestChile has contributed markedly to efforts to diversify and add value to Chilean exports and to 
reduce reliance on unpro cessed primary products for export revenue.  
4.311.   In keeping with continuing efforts to nurture strong bilateral ties between our countries, 
cooperation and trade between Trinidad  and Tobago and Chile have been robust, and increasingly 
so over the last two decades. Our countries have signed MOUs relating to cooperation in the energy 
sector, as well as on cooperation with respect to intellectual property. On the energy sector, in 
particular, the Chilean market is a key one for energy exports from Trinidad  and Tobago. Broadly 
speaking, Chile has consistently ranked high among the chief export destinations for our 
merchandise exports. In addition, a number of Chilean imports remain key for Trinidad  and Tobago.  
4.312.   Given the strength of this trading relationship, our  countries continue to pursue the 
conclusion of a Partial Scope Trade Agreement, with the aim of strengthening trade in goods through 
tariff reduction and elimination, the removal of non -tariff barriers and enhanced cooperation in 
trade-related areas. To t his end, the Fifth Round of Negotiations took place just last week, concluding 
in Port of Spain on Friday. My Delegation has taken good note of the fact that a number of the RTAs 
and bilateral trade agreements to which Chile is party include provisions and  obligations relating to 
new and emerging issues, notably as relates to the digital economy. For example, we are keen to 
secure key insights into the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement signed among Chile, 
New Zealand and Singapore, especially as we cons ider approaches to the development of the digital 
economy and opportunities for meaningful engagement in global trade in digital products and 
services. On services as well, we note that services -related disciplines dominate Chile 's bilateral 
trade agreemen ts and suspect we could benefit from insights on Chile 's experiences on services 
trade liberali zation.  
4.313.   In closing, Trinidad  and Tobago applauds Chile on its evident commitment to an open, 
transparent, rules -based multilateral trading system. We congratula te the delegation in advance on 
the completion of a successful Review.  
PERÚ  
4.314.   Perú desea dar la bienvenida la Excma.  Sra. Claudia  Sanhueza, Subsecretaria de Relaciones 
Económicas Internacionales de Chile, y a su honorable delegación. Además, nos sumamos a lo s 
agradecimientos por el informe presentado sobre el desempeño macroeconómico y su régimen de 
política comercial en ocasión de este examen. Y, como no, agradecemos también a la Secretaría por WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  el informe alcanzado a los Miembros y al Embajador Tan  Hung Seng por sus acertados y precisos 
comentarios como ponente.  
4.315.   Nuestra delegación aprecia las perspectivas de la recuperación del crecimiento económico 
de Chile en el período objeto de examen. En base a la estabilización de la inflación y a políticas de 
fomento y  sostenimiento de la producción e inversión, estamos convencidos de que Chile alcanzará 
las mejores previsiones de su crecimiento.  
4.316.   En cuanto a las medidas que Chile ha implementado desde su último examen, quisiéramos 
saludar su esfuerzo por modernizar las aduanas e implementar las disposiciones del Acuerdo sobre 
Facilitación del Comercio. Asimismo, creemos relevantes modificaciones legislativas como la que 
refiere a la propiedad industrial, o la implementación de medidas de apoyo como "Siembra por 
Chile", que buscó atender una crisis alimentaria provocada por factores exógenos a nuestra región, 
y que tuvo un alto impacto en los sectores más vulnerables de la agricultura.  
4.317.   En lo que se refiere a las relaciones comerciales bilaterales, Chile es nuestro segundo socio 
comercial en nuestra región, alcanzando un intercambio comercial récord en 2022 con una cifra de 
USD 3.440 millones, gracias al incremento del intercambio de productos siderúrgicos y químicos.  
4.318.   Chile es para  Perú su quinto destino más importante para las exportaciones agrícolas, y su 
principal proveedor de frutas. Sin embargo, y a pesar de nuestro robusto comer cio bilateral, creemos 
que existen más oportunidades comerciales mutuas tanto en el sector agropecuario como en el 
textil. Por ejemplo, Perú ve oportunidades en el mercado chileno para el cacao, la cerveza de malta, 
prendas de algodón, así como para produc tos de otros sectores como el gas natural.  
4.319.   Antes de pasar a los asuntos del sistema multilateral, no quisiera dejar de agradecer y 
saludar el traspaso de Chile a Perú de la presidencia pro  tempore de la Alianza  del Pacífico, 
mecanismo de integración con e l que el Perú está firmemente comprometido y espera seguir 
fortaleciendo.  
4.320.   Ahora, pasando al sistema multilateral, no quiero dejar de saludar el activo rol y los esfuerzos 
de Chile en este foro, entre los que destacaría su liderazgo en las negociaciones so bre la facilitación 
de inversiones para el desarrollo y nuestros debates en las relaciones entre el comercio y la 
transferencia de tecnología, así como su activo rol en procesos de crucial interés para Perú, como 
los debates sobre las interacciones entre e l comercio y el género o el medioambiente; la reforma del 
comercio agrícola o las negociaciones sobre subvenciones a la pesca. Y aprovecho la mención a este 
proceso para felicitar a Chile por la próxima ratificación del Acuerdo sobre Subvenciones a la Pesc a, 
por ser también una muestra del compromiso de nuestra región con este proceso.  
4.321.   Valoramos sinceramente que este examen haya servido de marco para que Chile renueve 
su compromiso con la estabilidad y la solidez del sistema multilateral de comercio. Solo me resta 
agradecer a la delegación de Chile, país hermano, por este ejercicio, y desearle un exitoso examen 
de sus políticas comerciales.  
UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.322.   Let me first join others in welcoming Chile 's delegation, led by H.E.  Ms Claudia  Sanhueza . 
Let me also express my gratitude to the delegation – both from Santiago  de Chile and Geneva and 
to colleagues from the WTO Secretariat for their respective Reports, to the Chair, as ever, and to 
our discussant for his  comments.  
4.323.   In 1823, exactly 200  years ago this year , the champion of Latin  American independence and 
former British Foreign Minister, George  Canning, appointed Christopher  Nugent as the first British 
Consul to Chile, tasking him to promote trade opportunities between our two countries.  
4.324.   Today, Chile and the  United Kingdom  can look back upon a long and fruitful relationship, 
based on the shared values of democracy, openness, and free and fair trade.  
4.325.   Chile is one of the United  Kingdom's most important trading partners in the region and was 
the first country to sign a trade deal with the UK following our withdrawal from the EU. Our 
Association Agreement has not only provided continuity for businesses, b ut also fostered closer WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  cooperation between our two countries, allowing us to identify new opportunities for business and 
investors alike.  
4.326.   The UK is particularly grateful to the Chilean authorities for their cooperation on the issue of 
Export Health Certif icates. Since our Association Agreement entered into force in 2021, Chile has 
approved 21  Export Health Certificates , providing new business opportunities for Chilean companies, 
and opening up a total import market for UK companies worth approximately GBP 1.4 billion.  
4.327.   We have been able to continue to deepen this close trading relationship through a number 
of recent engagements between our two countries.  
4.328.   Our Trade Ministers were able to discuss new areas for collaboration in services, critical 
minerals , and gender equality when they met in London in September for the fourth annual Trade 
Dialogue and our second Association Council.  
4.329.   Our Prime  Minister 's Trade Envoy, Mark  Menzies, was in Santiago in August when we agreed 
a Memorandum of Understanding between the UK Department for Transport and the Chilean State 
Rail Company, EFE  Trenes  de Chile. He also launched our new Blue Bridge programme, which will 
provide important su pport to Chilean scale -ups within the aquaculture sector, helping them to 
expand to the UK.  
4.330.   This week our Minister for Exports, Lord  Offord, is in Santiago with a delegation of hydrogen 
companies, exploring how the UK and Chile can collaborate on the prod uction and distribution of 
green hydrogen. Hydrogen will be a crucial element of the UK and Chile 's shared goal to reach net 
zero by 2050.  
4.331.   The UK looks forward to continuing to explore the many opportunities which continue to be 
generated by our close trad e relationship with Chile, the most exciting of which are presented by 
the CPTPP.  
4.332.   Once the UK has formally acceded to CPTPP, becoming the first European member to do so, 
the UK and Chile 's trade links will be substantially upgraded, further removing barrie rs between our 
economies and improving market access, within key areas such as the digital economy, financial 
services, and investment.  
4.333.   The UK is delighted to call Chile a friend. I say this not just thinking of the tangible benefits 
our friendship brings,  but also thinking of the fundamental values our two countries share.  
4.334.   Chile rightly shares our strong commitment to the rules -based multilateral trading system. 
and has played a key role in WTO negotiations on fisheries, technical barriers to trade, and 
agriculture.  
4.335.   We have a shared vision for services, pushing for revitali zed discussions within the WTO, 
and for digital trade, where we have also worked closely together within the E -commerce Joint 
Initiative. We have appreciated Chile 's active and construct ive collaboration, including on core 
articles such as cryptography and data.  
4.336.   The UK and Chile also share a desire to advance trade and gender equality, both 
domestically, and within this Organization. As one of the three co -chairs of the Informal Working 
Group on Trade and Gender, I would like to warmly welcome Chile 's active participation and 
collaboration within that Working  Group, its sharing of knowledge and best practice, not least about 
the impact of  its Feminist Foreign Policy, on its efforts to su pport the full integration of women into 
the economy and foreign trade through, for example, the Mujer  Exporta programme and its support 
for women -led exporting companies.  
4.337.   Most of all, our two countries share a deep belief in the value of free and open tra de. Chile 's 
economic success is due in no small part to its openness, manifest in its record breaking number of 
FTAs, and so it is altogether fitting that my dear colleague, Chile 's excellent 
Permanent  Representative  to the WTO, Ambassador Sofía  Boza, shou ld be the co -Chair of the Joint 
Initiative on Investment Facilitation for Development, an initiative which should make it that much WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  easier for other developing nations to follow Chile 's example, attracting critical FDI to grow and 
prosper.  
4.338.   I was pleased t o read in the Secretariat Report that, despite the significant pressures it faced 
during the C OVID -19 pandemic, Chile has maintained its historic commitment to openness. We know 
that this will help Chile 's ongoing economic recovery from that crisis.  
4.339.   No ma tter what economic challenges Chile faces, we are  confident that it can always depend 
upon the ground beneath its feet. Chile remains one of the world 's foremost agricultural exporters, 
providing UK consumers with bottles of the excellent Chilean  País to e njoy with Welsh  lamb, and, 
crucially, it provides much of the world 's lithium and copper supply, vital for the batteries needed to 
power clean infrastructure and the drive to Net  Zero.  
4.340.   As Gabriela  Mistral put it, Chile is blessed by its land: "la tierra que amasa a los hombres de 
labios y pecho sin hiel. La tierra más verde de huertos, la tierra más rubia de mies, la tierra más 
roja de viñas, ¡qué dulce que roza los pies!"  
4.341.   Thank you Chair, discussan t, and to the Chilean delegation, for facilitating this important 
Trade Policy Review.  
PANAMÁ  
4.342.   Deseo ante todo saludar a la Excma.  Sra. Claudia  Sanhueza, Subsecretaria de Relaciones 
Económicas Internacionales y a la Excma.  Dra. Sofía Boza Martínez, Embajado ra, Representante 
Permanente de Chile ante la OMC, así como a toda la delegación chilena por su destacada 
preparación para este sexto examen. Deseo también saludar a l Excmo.  Sr. Tan Hung Seng, 
Embajador, Representante Permanente de Singapur, ponente en est e examen, y agradecer a la 
Secretaría por su detallado informe.  
4.343.   La relación comercial entre Panamá y  Chile es regida  por un Tratado de Libre Comercio, el 
cual también contempla un Acuerdo de Cooperación Ambiental y Cooperación Cultural. Est a visión 
amplia  promueve una profundización de nuestras relaciones bajo principios más allá de los 
meramente comerciales. Chile figura entre los principales usuarios del Canal  de Panamá.  
4.344.   Las relaciones comerciales en mercancías son grandemente favorables a Chile. 
Las exportaciones panameñas hacia Chile han fluctuado en el periodo 2019 a junio  de 2023 entre 
los US D 1,3 millones  a USD 3,9 millones. Registraron una disminución del 32% entre el 2021 y 
el 2022. En el 2023, nuestra principal exportación a Chile, con un 75% del total exportado, fue el 
ron.  
4.345.   Las importaciones desde Chile entre 2019 a junio  de 2023 fluctuaron entre 
USD 75,5 millones  y USD 126,5 millones. Registraron un aumento de 34% entre el 2 021 y el  2022. 
Los principales productos importados  a Panamá son: salmones del pacífico, partes ( máquinas y 
aparatos de clasificar), medicamentos, manzanas, vino s, y uvas frescas.  
4.346.   Chile ha confrontado exitosamente con cambios estructurales, económicos y s ociales. 
Muchos desafíos a lo largo de los años  bajo consideración , incluyendo fluctuaciones en los precios 
de los productos básicos, como el cobre  y la estabilización económica y reducción de la inflación tras 
la pandemia de COVID -19.  
4.347.   Según el informe de  la Secretaría, Chile ha continuado implementando una política comercial 
estable basada en la apertura comercial, tanto a nivel multilateral como regional; ha seguido 
adaptándose a los actuales desafíos globales como son los tecnológicos, energéticos y 
medioambientales. Esto se refleja en las reformas introducidas a su legislación y reglamentos, y a 
los cambios institucionales y procesales requeridos para implementar estas reformas.  
4.348.   Chile mantiene diversos programas nacionales de promoción a la inversión y la economía en 
zonas remotas del país; de apoyo a las mipymes; impulsar la competitividad y la diversificación 
productiva; fomentar la innovación y las nuevas tecnologías. Igualmente, en 2023, Chile recibió el 
primer préstamo otorgado por el Banco  Mundial para promover el hidrógeno verde  y apoyar los WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  esfuerzos de mitigación del cambio climático. El proyecto apoya su transición energética y su meta 
de alcanzar carbono neutralidad en 2050.  
4.349.   Chile mantiene una destacada participación en las labores y debates de  la OMC y destacamos 
el excelente equipo en Ginebra liderado por la Embajadora  Boza. En particular, congratulamos a 
Chile por mantener un sólido compromiso con sus notificaciones . Aprovechamos la oportunidad para 
reconocer su liderazgo en los debates sobre  la Iniciativa Conjunta sobre la Facilitación de las 
Inversiones para el Desarrollo que copreside.  
4.350.   Chile también participa en los grupos de trabajo informal sobre mipymes, copatrocinó la 
comunicación sobre el comercio y la sostenibilidad ambiental y es par te de diversas iniciativas sobre 
el medio ambiente.  
4.351.   Nos mantendremos atentos al desarrollo de la discusión durante este examen y le deseamos 
éxito a Chile en este sexto examen de su política comercial.  
EL SALVADOR  
4.352.   En nombre del Gobierno de El  Salvador, deseo unirme a las delegaciones que me han 
precedido, dando la bienvenida a la distinguida delegación del Gobierno de Chile, encabezada por la 
Subsecretaria de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales, Sra. Claudia  Sanhueza así como a la 
Embajadora Sofía Boza, en su calidad de Representante Permanente de Chile ante la OMC y a todos 
los amigos y amigas que nos acompañan de capital y de la Misión aquí en Ginebra.  
4.353.   Asimismo, agradezco las muy acertadas apreciaciones del Embajador Tan  Hung Seng y a la 
Secretar ía por el excelente informe presentado.   
4.354.   Para El  Salvador es un honor participar en este ejercicio de transparencia. En estos tiempos 
de incertidumbre mundial y en los cuales enfrentamos diversos desafíos a nivel internacional,  este 
ejercicio nos pe rmite tener una visión amplia y profunda de las políticas comerciales que ha adoptado 
Chile desde su anterior examen.   
4.355.   Quisiéramos iniciar encomiando a Chile por su compromiso con el sistema multilateral de 
comercio y los objetivos que todos perseguimos.  
4.356.   Nuestras relaciones comerciales bilaterales  se fortalecieron desde el 1999, cuando 
suscribimos  el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Centroamérica y Chile , y se profundizaron con el 
Protocolo bilateral entre Chile y El  Salvador  suscrito en el año 2000.  
4.357.   En el marco multilateral, se subraya la activa participación de Chile en diversos temas de 
la OMC y que forman parte de sus tres estrategias de la agenda comercial: fortalecimiento del 
sistema multilateral del comercio, la reactivación del Órgano de Apelaci ón y la reactivación del brazo 
negociador.  
4.358.   Como otros, deseo destacar el liderazgo del Embajadora Sofía  Boza en los trabajos de esta 
Organización , destacando la copresidencia de la Iniciativa Conjunta de Facilitación de las Inversiones 
para el Desarrollo la cu al ha concluido exitosamente las negociaciones del texto del Acuerdo.  
4.359.   Chile y El  Salvador trabajan muy de cerca en diversos temas de la agenda multilateral, 
incluyendo en agricultura, iniciativas conjuntas, y promoviendo de manera decidida el 
empoderamien to económico de la mujer. En este contexto, deseo resaltar la activa y destacada 
participación de Chile en el grupo informal sobre comercio y género.  
4.360.   En el futuro esperamos que las relaciones comerciales y de cooperación entre Chile y 
El Salvador continúen  fortaleciéndose.  
4.361.   No me queda más que desear a Chile muchos éxitos en este examen.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  INDONESIA  
4.362.   Let me join others in welcoming the delegations from Chile, led by 
H.E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under secretary of International Economic Relations. We would also like 
to thank the Secretariat for its comprehensive Report, Chair, and the discussant, Ambassador 
Tan Hung  Seng of Singapore, for leading today 's discussion.  
4.363.   We applaud Chile 's active participati on in the World Trade Organization. In this forum, Chile 's 
commitment to the principle of transparency, open trade, and collaboration is critical in fostering a 
global economic environment that benefits all Member s.  
4.364.   In this regard, we also appreciate acti ve cooperation and engagement of the Chile Permanent 
Mission in Geneva, led by Ambassador Sofía  Boza, and hope that such cooperation could further 
expand to broader areas of common interest.  
4.365.   Chile's economy has undeniably benefited from its openness and in tegration into the global 
economy. Notably, Chile 's GDP per  capita is one of the highest in Latin  America, expected to reach 
USD 15,164 in 2022. This remarkable achievement reflects Chile 's economic policies, effectiveness, 
and its ability to navigate the complexities of global trade.  
4.366.   In the face of unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID -19 pandemic, Chile 's resilience 
and economic growth are truly commendable. The measures implemented to address the impacts 
of the pandemic have not only bolstered Chi le's economy, but also served as an inspiration for other 
nations navigating these uncertain times.  
4.367.   Indonesia recognizes and values its long -standing bilateral relationship with Chile. Mutual 
cooperation and understanding between our two countries have ai ded in the strengthening of 
economic ties, creating opportunities for trade and investment. I would like to emphasize the strong 
and long -standing diplomatic relations that have existed between Indonesia and Chile since 1964.  
4.368.   The Indonesia -Chile Comprehen sive Economic Partnership, or ICCEPA, is a significant 
milestone in the trade sector, as it is Indonesia 's only Comprehensive Economic Partnership 
agreement with countries on the American continent.  ICCEPA, a testament to our nations ' strong 
ties, aims to boost competitiveness. It is a critical tool in facilitating the recovery of the Indonesian 
economy following the challenges posed by the COVID -19 pandemic, increasing labour absorptions, 
encouraging foreign investment, and fostering economic cooperation a nd the development of micro, 
small, and medium -sized enterprises between our countries.  
4.369.   Since the signing of ICCEPA, the bilateral trade between Indonesia and Chile has been a 
remarkable increase, reaching US D 433 million between January and September  2022, marking a 
substantial increase of 45% compared to the same period in 2021.  
4.370.   Indonesia 's main exports to Chile include vehicles, foo dware, fertilizer s, electrical 
equipment, and rubber, while Chile 's main exports, such as copper, pulpwood, molluscs, 
crustaceans, and edible foods.  
4.371.   In terms of services, total trade reached US D 80 million in 2021, with Indonesia exporting 
services worth US D 40 million and importing services from Chile worth US D 40 million. 
Transportation services, other business services, telecommunication services, financial services, and 
travel services are key sectors in Indonesia 's service s exports.  
4.372.   Furthermore, in terms of investment, we are pleased to note that the value of Chile 's 
investment in Indonesia for the year 2023 is anticipated to be US D 247,000, reflecting a 
remarkable  154% increase compared to the previous year. This investment spans various sectors 
including services sectors, basic metal industry, housing and industri al areas, as well as hotels and 
restaurants.  
4.373.   This multi -faceted collaboration underscores the deep and brief of our partnerships fostering 
economic growth, trade and investment between Indonesia and Chile. We look forward to continuing 
our shared journey t oward s prosperity and mutual benefit.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  KINGDOM  OF SAUDI  ARABIA  
4.374.   The Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia is pleased to take part in the sixth Trade Policy Review of Chile 
and would like to extend a very warm welcome to the distinguished delegation of Chile headed by 
H.E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Undersecretary of International Economic Relations of Chile.  
4.375.   We thank Chile and the WTO Secretariat for their detailed and comprehensive Trade Policy 
Review Reports. We also thank the discussant H .E. Mr Tan Hung Seng, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of Singapore to the WTO for his insightful comments.  
4.376.   The Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia commends Chile for the growth of its real GDP in 2021 which 
was up 11.7% exceeding pre -pandemic levels. We praise Chile for the many  institutional changes 
that were made during the review period, including the creation of the Under secretariat for 
International Economic Relations as well as the General Directorate for Export Promotion.  
4.377.   The Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia congratulates Chile for  its trade policy which has been adapting 
to current global challenges, and this is clearly reflected in the reforms made to its legislation and 
regulations in addition to the institutional and procedural changes needed to implement these 
reforms.  
4.378.   We also praise Chile for its engagement in the multilateral trading system through 
discussions, initiatives and joint proposals in many areas of the WTO, as Chile is a staunch advocate 
of the concept that the rules -based multilateral trading system can drive growth, job creation, 
innovation and food security in the world. We also express our thanks to H.E. Dr Sofía Boza Martínez, 
Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Chile for her key leadership role in the Work ing Group 
on Trade and Transfer of Technology and as a Facilitator to the Investment Facilitation for 
Development in addition to her active role in the multilateral negotiations and various plurilateral 
initiatives, and we also thank her delegation for the  cooperation between our two missions.  
4.379.   To conclude, the Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia congratulates Chile for the solid economic 
performance and wishes the delegation of Chile a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
BARBADOS1 
4.380.   Barbados to warmly welcomes H.  E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Undersecretary of International 
Economic Relations of Chile and her team to Geneva on this the occasion of the country 's sixth  Trade 
Policy Review (TPR).  
4.381.   We thank Undersecretary Sanhueza for her very enlightening country statement, and  the 
discussant, H.  E. Mr Tan Hung Seng (Singapore), for his illuminating analysis. The WTO Secretariat 
is also to be commended for its usual thorough preparation of this Trade Policy Review.  
4.382.   As have all recogni zed that challenges that the COVID -19 pandemi c presented, and Chile 
like many other WTO  Members, was not speared from its impacts. The Chilean Government has 
however speared no efforts in ensuring that its fiscal and monetary policies is responsive to these 
challenges, and its trade policy is adaptiv e to contemporary global technological, energy and 
environmental challenges.  
4.383.   In speaking to these we wish to highlight three main areas.  
4.384.   First, we take particular note of the slew of sustainable development legislative and strategy 
reforms, that the Chile an Government has put in place since its last Review. Among these are, Chile 's 
national energy policy – Energy  2050, Electricity Matrix Decarbonization Plan, the Just  Energy 
Strategy, National Green Hydrogen Strategy, National Electromobility Strategy, Fra mework Law on 
Climate Change; the National Energy Efficiency Plan 2022 -26 and the Financial Strategy on Climate 
Change which collectively sets ambitious objectives of: reali zing carbon neutrality by 2050; ensuring 
that at least 80% of the electricity produ ced in the country comes from renewable sources by 2030 
and 100% by 2050; and promoting "green" financing, and positioning Chile as a regional and global 
leader in green finance. The fact that Chile has already recorded substantial increases its capacity 
 
1 Statement delivered during the second day of the meeting.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  to generate electricity from renewable sources, and has continued to stimulate the incorporation of 
this type of energy into its energy matrix is highly commendable and augurs well for Chile 's social, 
environmental and economic development prospects.  
4.385.   Secon d, we recogni ze the novelty in concluding a Digital Economy Partnership Agreement 
(DEPA) with New  Zealand and Singapore in 2022 as a means of utili zing the digital economy to 
promote economic and social development, particularly as it relates to setting st andards for data, 
the promotion of interoperability between different regimes and addressing new issues like 
regulatory technology (RegTech), cooperation on artificial intelligence and digital inclusion.  
4.386.   And third, Chile 's prioriti zation of micro, small a nd medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs) 
including through the provision of inventive such as the General Investment Guarantee Fund 
(FOGAIN), and the Small Business Guarantee Fund (FOGAPE) as well as its recognition of the role 
that these entities play in the p rovision of trade in digital goods and services, including through the 
lens while underscoring the importance of inclusive economic development as a means of achieving 
digital inclusion.  
4.387.   Chile's commitment to multilateralism and to the multilateral trading  system is not only 
embedded in its foreign trade policy, it is manifested in its active and invaluable participation in the 
various areas of the WTO 's work, including in areas that are of core importance to Barbados, namely 
on fisheries subsidies, development, environment, MSMEs, trade and gender and WTO reform. The 
work of its Geneva -based team in particular is much -admired. Here, we would particularly wish to 
commend H.  E. Ms Sofía Boza Martínez for her leadership in co -coordinating the  negotiations of the 
Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development – an Agreement which has the potential to 
boost economic growth and foster sustainable development in developing countries and LDCs.  
4.388.   In closing, Barbados wishes Chile a successful c onclusion to its sixth Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  5  RESPUESTAS DE LA REPRESENTANTE DE CHILE (SRA.  MARCELA  OTERO) Y OTRAS 
OBSERVACIONES  
5.1.  En primer lugar, quisiera transmitir los saludos de la Subsecretaria Claudia  Sanhueza, quien 
no pudo estar en esta segunda sesi ón, y me ha solicitado especialmente entregar estas palabras en 
su nombre.  
5.2.  Agradecemos todas las gratas y constructivas intervenciones que se llevaron a cabo el pasado 
lunes. Este ejercicio nos brindó la oportunidad de exponer los avances y retos que enfr enta nuestra 
política comercial. Los valiosos comentarios que recibimos serán fundamentales para evaluar y 
mejorar continuamente el diseño e implementación de dicha política. Para Chile este acto de 
transparencia es esencial para compartir los objetivos y avances en materia de política comercial, al 
mismo tiempo que nos permite recibir retroalimentación de las delegaciones que han compartido 
sus comentarios e inquietudes.  
5.3.  Una vez más venimos a reiterar nuestro irrestricto compromiso con el sistema multilate ral de 
comercio, y en especial con la OMC.  
5.4.  Además, quiero expresar mi agradecimiento especial al Embajador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel , 
Presidente del Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales ; y destacar la excelente y bien 
estructurada intervención del Embajador Tan Hung Seng, en su calidad de ponente  en este examen.  
5.5.  En mi intervención, abordaré los aspectos de nuestra política comercial que han sido resaltados 
por diversas delegaciones. Tamb ién compartiré los desafíos que enfrentamos como país y cómo 
estamos trabajando para superarlos. Me referiré igualmente a algunos de los temas específicos que 
fueron objeto de comentarios por parte de algunas delegaciones. Finalmente, comentaré nuestras 
expectativas para la próxima Conferencia Ministerial de la OMC.  
5.6.  Agradezco, en nombre de Chile, el reconocimiento a las políticas comerciales, de inversiones y 
sectoriales que el país ha impulsado para integrarnos a la economía internacional, fomentando así 
nuestro desarrollo económico, social y ambiental. Como mencionamos el lunes, el comercio 
internacional desempeña un papel crucial en nuestra estrategia de desarrollo. En este contexto, el 
sistema multilateral de comercio, y la OMC, se presenta como un acto r gravitante, brindando un 
marco normativo que promueve la equidad, la transparencia y la cooperación entre las naciones. 
Estamos comprometidos a fortalecer nuestra participación en este sistema, trabajando en 
colaboración con nuestros socios internacional es para construir un entorno comercial global más 
justo, inclusivo y sostenible.  
5.7.  Chile demuestra un fuerte compromiso con la inclusividad en el ámbito del comercio 
internacional. Nuestros ejes prioritarios en materia de política exterior incluyen el fortal ecimiento 
del multilateralismo, la adopción de una perspectiva feminista, la promoción y defensa de los 
derechos humanos, y la elaboración de una agenda ambiental y climática que aborde la protección 
de la biodiversidad en océanos y bosques.  
5.8.  La política comercial de Chile cuenta con tres pilares fundamentales, la apertura al comercio 
exterior, la promoción de nuestras exportaciones y la atracción de inversiones. Estos énfasis 
permanentes de la política comercial de nuestro país contribuyen a la i ntegración comercial de Chile 
con el mundo.  
5.9.  Quisiera ahondar en nuestras metas de desarrollo en el corto y mediano plazo.  
5.10.  Chile ha mantenido durante años un compromiso y un interés por fomentar un desarrollo 
sostenible, aprovechando nuestras ventajas comp arativas para generar energías limpias y avanzar 
hacia una transición energética justa y sostenible que fomente la descarbonización.  
5.11.  En este sentido, nuestro país es uno de los primeros países en el mundo en actualizar sus 
compromisos de acción climática. Es así como en el año 2021, establecimos la Estrategia Climática 
de Largo Plazo que traza el camino hacia la carbono neutralidad. Est o implica establecer emisiones 
máximas por sector económico, necesarias para cumplir con el presupuesto nacional de emisiones 
de carbono para el 2030 de acuerdo con los compromisos del Acuerdo de París.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  5.12.  En el año 2022, en Chile se aprobó la Ley Marco de C ambio Climático, la cual crea un marco 
jurídico para que el país pueda enfrentar estos desafíos, tanto desde la perspectiva de la mitigación 
como de la adaptación.  
5.13.  Uno de los pilares de esta política de Estado ha sido la Estrategia Nacional de Hidrógeno V erde 
elaborada en 2020 y el Plan de Acción 2020 -2023 que consideran nuestras ventajas comparativas 
en la producción de energía solar y eólica. El fomento de esta industria no sólo permitirá enfrentar 
el desafío de cambio climático sino que también permitir á diversificar la matriz energética, junto con 
producir nuevos bienes y servicios con mayor valor agregado.  
5.14.  En complemento, el Plan de Acción de Hidrógeno Verde 2023 -2030 contemplará varias etapas 
en las cuales se permitirá la participación de los diverso s sectores, la creación de una 
institucionalidad acorde, y todo lo anterior sujeto a elevados estándares en materia de inclusión y 
género.  
5.15.  Con respecto al gran interés y las consultas sobre Chile como país estratégico para el avance 
en la electromovilidad , nuestro país está desarrollando la Estrategia Nacional del Litio. El  objetivo 
de esta estrategia es impulsar el desarrollo de la industria del litio para vincular el progreso 
económico de Chile con la transición energética. En este sentido, próximamente se anunciará cómo 
los actores privados podrán incrementar su participación en este sector productivo. Estamos 
profundamente interesados en las asociaciones público -privadas, para lo cual estamos en la 
búsqueda de socios estratégicos para el desarrollo de p royectos.  
5.16.  Esta Estrategia Nacional del Litio busca la generación de valor agregado mediante la 
innovación y la tecnología, así como la promoción de los encadenamientos productivos. Permitirá 
atraer inversión extranjera directa al país para la creación de productos y servicios de una mayor 
complejidad, que la simple extracción de los minerales críticos.  
5.17.  Chile continúa siendo un mercado atractivo para las inversiones, durante los últimos años se 
ha trabajado arduamente para agilizar los procedimientos y redu cir los permisos sectoriales para el 
establecimiento de los proyectos de inversión, con el objetivo de reimpulsar la competitividad y la 
productividad en nuestro país. Próximamente se presentarán proyectos de ley tendientes a alivianar 
dichos procesos y a entregar mayor certeza para el desarrollo de los proyectos.  
5.18.  También, con el fin de fomentar la productividad y a la vez cumplir con los compromisos 
medioambientales, Chile está elaborando una reforma estructural del Sistema de Evaluación de 
Impacto Ambient al, con el objetivo de simplificar, acortar y hacer más predecible el sistema. 
El proyecto de ley contempla varias medidas para abordar en general los tiempos de los 
procedimientos de evaluación y agregar más certezas, así como medidas específicas para exi mir de 
evaluación ambiental a proyectos pequeños de parques eólicos y plantas de energía fotovoltaica, 
reservando este proceso sólo para proyectos que tengan impactos ambientales significativos.  
5.19.  Este año Chile lanzó su Agenda de Productividad y recientemen te se conformó un Comité 
Interministerial de Crecimiento Económico, Desarrollo y Empleo, con la misión de trabajar 
coordinadamente para monitorear y acelerar la inversión privada y pública y la generación de nuevos 
empleos en nuestro país.  
5.20.  Ahora me referir é brevemente a algunos de los comentarios específicos que surgieron el día 
lunes con ocasión de este examen.  
5.21.  En lo que se refiere a las Sistema de Bandas de Precio, como ya fue informado en el examen 
anterior, el año  2003 Chile efectuó modificaciones a lo s procedimientos de cálculo. De manera de 
hacerlo predecible, transparente y no discriminatorio. Si bien la modificación legal del año 2003 
estableció una reducción progresiva de los niveles de piso y de techo de las bandas, Chile hace de 
forma constante u n monitoreo del sistema para evaluar si es necesario hacer mejoras.  
5.22.  En cuanto a los agentes de aduana,  el año 2017 entra en vigor el Acuerdo de Facilitación de 
Comercio el cual fue ratificado por Chile. Este reconoce la institucionalidad vigente a la fecha. En el 
caso de Chile, el sistema de agente de aduana no ha sufrido cambios desde entonces.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  5.23.  En cuanto al interés de varios Miembros acerca de la incorporación de Chile al Acuerdo sobre 
Tecnología de la Información de la OMC, podemos informar que nuest ro país ha iniciado el trabajo 
interno técnico para ello.  
5.24.  Por su parte, en relación al interés manifestado por algunos Miembros sobre la participación 
de Chile en el Acuerdo de Compras Públicas de la OMC, podemos informar que nuestro país ha 
avanzado sign ificativamente en esta materia a través de su red de acuerdos comerciales. Contando 
hoy con capítulos de compras públicas en 18  instrumentos. Sin perjuicio de ello, nuestro país 
siempre está dispuesto a elevar sus estándares en la materia.  
5.25.  Por otro lado, la inversión extranjera directa en Chile ha tenido un rol esencial en nuestro 
desarrollo económico. Algunos de los factores claves para el fomento y la atracción de inversiones 
han sido un marco jurídico estable y transparente, y la extensa red de acuerdos  comerciales con la 
que contamos.  
5.26.  En este sentido, hemos desarrollado un compromiso constante por mantener y mejorar el 
clima de inversión, lo que incluso, se ha visto reflejado en la participación que Chile ha desempeñado 
en la discusión sobre el Acuerdo  de Facilitación de Inversiones para el Desarrollo.  
5.27.  Por lo tanto, en las distintas reformas y políticas que se están elaborando, tales como energías 
renovables, litio, y pensiones, se considerarán tanto las medidas que promuevan un propicio 
ambiente para l as inversiones, como los compromisos internacionales asumidos por Chile, 
respetando a los inversionistas ya establecidos en el territorio.  
5.28.  Como señalamos en nuestra primera intervención, Chile cumple con sus compromisos a nivel 
internacional, especialmente los establecidos en el marco de la OMC. En este contexto, podemos 
informar que el día de ayer efectuamos el depósito del instrumento de ac eptación del Acuerdo de 
Subvenciones a la Pesca. Este instrumento es relevante especialmente para los países de la cuenca 
del Pacífico que enfrentan la sobreexplotación de los recursos marinos.  
5.29.  Además, podemos informar que estamos en la última etapa de la  actualización del decreto 
que contiene la lista de países menos adelantados con acceso preferencial.  
5.30.  Chile, en la Decim otercera Conferencia Ministerial (CM13) de la OMC, busca fortalecer y 
modernizar la Organización en el contexto de su reforma. Inspirad os en los logros de la CM12, 
enfocamos nuestros esfuerzos en la restauración del mecanismo de solución de diferencias y en la 
definición de mandatos que aborden los desafíos globales actuales, como la triple crisis ambiental, 
la seguridad alimentaria, y la  inclusividad.  
5.31.  En las negociaciones, destacamos la inclusión en la arquitectura de la OMC del Acuerdo de 
Facilitación de Inversiones para el Desarrollo, la ampliación del Acuerdo sobre Subvenciones a la 
Pesca, la mantención de la moratoria de aranceles en  el comercio electrónico, y la obtención de 
resultados sustanciales en las negociaciones de agricultura siguiendo, el mandato del artículo  20.  
5.32.  Además, consideramos que la CM13 es el momento propicio para incrementar la participación 
de pequeñas empresas y  grupos marginados en el comercio internacional. Abogamos por un enfoque 
transversal que promueva el desarrollo, el incremento de la productividad, la innovación y la 
cooperación internacional.  
5.33.  Para finalizar, quisiera agradecer a los Miembros por el inte rés prestado en el examen de 
Chile, y reiteramos que las preguntas pendientes serán respondidas próximamente.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.34.  The sixth  Trade Policy Review (TPR) of Chile, which attracted close to 400  questions 
from 24 Members and 33  national statements, has b een a constructive and fruitful exercise. This 
TPR has allowed us to deepen our understanding of Chile 's trade and investment policies, as well as 
take stock of significant developments since the last Review in 2015. This morning, I would like to 
share my observations by addressing three questions.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  5.35.  First, what are some of the key areas in which Chile has done well in this year 's TPR? Based 
on the statements delivered, there are four areas. One, Members have commended Chile for 
successfully responding to the challenges of the pandemic by adopting mitigating policies and 
measures swiftly, including its fiscal stimulus package. Two, many Members have also commended 
Chile's active efforts to promote trade and investment liberalization through it s extensive networks 
of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), as well as the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). 
Three, Chile 's active role and constructive contributions at the WTO, especially its leadership in the 
Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on In vestment Facilitation with the Republic  of Korea , is appreciated 
by a large number of Members across the development spectrum. In fact, Chile 's timely acceptance 
of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement yesterday was testament of its commitment to the multilat eral 
trading system. Four, many Members also commended Chile for its efforts (including at APEC and 
the WTO) that have supported economic empowerment of women.  
5.36.  Second, what are some areas in which Chile can do better, as highlighted by Members? Let 
me focus on three areas.  
a) One, there are continued calls for Chile to join the Government Procurement Agreement. 
This will buttress the multilateral trading system, an d reinforce Chile 's commitment to the 
WTO.  
b) Two, some questions were raised regarding Chile 's intellectual property regime, including 
the level of protection accorded to rights -holders against the unlawful circumvention of 
technological protection measures and protection for plant varieties. It appears that this area 
requires additional attention given that it was also raised in Chile 's 2015 TPR.  
c) Three, Chile 's environmental policies are also top of mind for many Members, who have 
sought greater clarity of t hese policies, including the Environmental Impact Assessment 
System, and their impact on Chile 's trade and investment climate. Members have expressed 
hope that the environmental impact assessment could be done expeditiously in order to 
provide greater cert ainty for investors.  
5.37.  Finally, what can Chile do to be more prepared for the future? In this connection, I must say 
that Chile has been rather spot -on in focusing on sustainability and digitalization as two priorities. 
They are absolutely critical to futur e-proof their economy.  
a) On the sustainability front, as DG Ngozi has articulated at COP28 just last week, "we need 
to use every weapon in our arsenal to fight the climate crisis ", and "trade policy tools can 
help countries increase low -carbon goods uptake by reforming imports tariffs, rethinking 
government procurement and promoting trade facilitation ". In this connection, Chile is one 
of the co -facilitators in TESSD, and had participated actively in  the Informal Dialogue on 
Plastics (IDP) Pollution And Envi ronmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade.  
b) On the digital front, Chile has also made demonstrable efforts to embrace digitalization, 
which has transformed the way governments, businesses and people operate. According to 
the joint International Organizations'  Report on Digital Trade and Development by UNCTAD, 
OECD, IMF, World  Bank and WTO, cross -border digitally delivered services represent the 
fastest growing segment of international trade. According to McKinsey, nearly 20%  of global 
sales in 2021 were made f rom online purchases. In this context, Chile 's effort to harmonize 
digital trade rules at the national, regional and multilateral level are commendable, and we 
welcome Chile 's active participation in the JSI on E -Commerce.  
5.38.  In closing, let me encourage Chi le to continue to embrace innovation, digital transformation 
and sustainability, as well as support and strengthen the rules -based multilateral trading system  
which I am confident that they will do.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.39.  On behalf of the EU, I would like to express our sincere appreciation to the delegation of Chile, 
led by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, Under secretary of International Economic Relations, and Ambassador 
Sofía Boza, and to our close friend Marcela  Otero, for the acti ve engagement in this Trade Policy 
Review. Special thanks to Ambassador H.E.  Mr Tan Hung Seng (Singapore) for his insightful remarks 
as the discussant.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  5.40.  The EU thanks Chile for the timely and comprehensive replies to our advance written 
questions. We do not  have any follow -up questions.  
5.41.  This TPR has confirmed that Chile continues to maintain a trade policy focused on 
liberalization, expanding market access, and fostering domestic and foreign investment. With a GDP 
per capita ranking among the highest in Lat in America, Chile clearly is reaping the benefits of these 
policies.  
5.42.  Chile's dedication to trade openness is evident in its trade agreements covering over 
60 economies, extending beyond market liberalization to address digital markets, e -commerce, 
value ch ains, environment, gender, and MSMEs. We acknowledge the ratification of the CPTPP and 
the successful conclusion of the EU -Chile Advanced Framework Agreement, marking a significant 
milestone in our bilateral relationship.  
5.43.  The EU highly values its long -standing relationship with Chile. Therefore, we would like to use 
this occasion to highlight the signing of the new EU -Chile Advanced Framework Agreement later 
today – this very afternoon, in fact -, aimed at fostering our modern and progressive partnership, 
making 99% of trade tariff -free and deepening the cooperation with focus on sustainability, gender 
equality, and green and digital transition.  
5.44.  This TPR has also echoed EU 's positive view on Chile's active role in the WTO, Ambassador 
Boza's leadership on the  Investment Facilitation for Development, Chile 's participation in the 
Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement, and active engagement in the work strands on 
gender and MSMEs. The EU especially congratulates Chile on the very recent and timely ra tification 
of the Phase 1 Fisheries Subsidies Agreement.  
5.45.  In the run -up to MC13, the EU eagerly anticipates collaborating with Chile on the WTO reform, 
promoting inclusiveness, and achieving positive outcomes across the board.  
5.46.  On behalf of the EU, I congra tulate Chile for concluding this successful sixth Trade Policy 
Review.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.47.  The United  States would like to thank the entire Chilean delegation for their engagement and 
participation in this review, as well as for their continued efforts to suppor t and enrich the work of 
the WTO. We appreciate all the effort that goes into a review and all the internal coordination 
required to respond to all the written questions, so we want to thank you for everything you have 
done to make this review a success.  
5.48.  As many Members noted on Monday, Chile has an open and stable economy that benefits 
from fruitful engagement in many bilateral and regional trade agreements. The United  States values 
its own partnerships with Chile and looks forward to continuing to work wi th Chile in areas of mutual 
interest, including sustainability and inclusivity in trade.  
5.49.  The United  States joins other Members in commending Chile 's initiatives to enhance the 
economic empowerment of women and its work to expand the participation of micro, small, and 
medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs) in trade. We also commend Chile for its recently announced 
ratification of the Protocol of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.   
5.50.  As raised by the United  States in our opening statement, we continue to urge Chile to address 
certain issues concerning the protection of intellectual property rights. Despite some positive actions 
taken towards this objective by Chile in the period of review, several intellectual property areas still  
require attention. In addition, the United  States urges Chile to ensure that it provides transparency 
and procedural fairness to all interested parties in connection with potential recognition or protection 
of geographical indications. We welcome working with Chile on these important matters.  
5.51.  We thank Chile for its attention to our written questions and we will submit any follow -up 
questions according to the deadlines set. Among the issues for which we seek additional information 
are: implementation of Chi le's National Lithium Strategy; updates to amendments to Chile 's General 
Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture; the environmental and labo ur impacts of the new fisheries law WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  that was submitted to the National Assembly this year; and the operation of certain Chi lean state 
trading enterprises; among other topics.  
5.52.  We would like to commend Chile for its overall support for WTO principles and its active 
engagement at the WTO, and would welcome working with Chile on ongoing and future initiatives. 
Since its last Review Chile joined the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, and we encourage Chile 's 
greater participation in the Trade Facilitation Committee. In particular, we would like to draw Chile 's 
attention to two proposals the United  States and other Members are suppor ting in that Committee.  
5.53.  In October, Türkiye, Canada, Chinese  Taipei, the European  Union, Honduras, Japan, Tonga, 
the United  Kingdom, and the United  States circulated a communication within the Trade Facilitation 
Committee that focuses on facilitating human itarian relief in emergency situations.  We would 
welcome collaboration with Chile as we continue to share experiences and build a knowledge base 
on how Trade Facilitation Agreement implementation can be used as a tool for disaster or pandemic 
preparedness,  in particular ensuring that procedures are put in place before they are needed to 
enable the movement of humanitarian goods in the event of crisis.  
5.54.  Likewise, in October the United  States circulated a communication in the Trade Facilitation 
Committee that highlights the role that robust implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement 
can play in improving the safe, quick, and cost -effective movement of agricultural and food products 
to where they are needed.  We would also welcome collaboration from Chile  in this regard.  
5.55.  In addition to supporting these proposals, we join other Members in encouraging Chile to 
pursue negotiations to accede to the Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement and would 
welcome working with Chile to advance that process.  
5.56.  On Monday, many Members recognized Chile 's demonstrated commitment to an open, 
transparent, and rules -based multilateral trading system. The United  States hopes that Chile will 
continue this commitment as well as encourage others to adhere to these critical  principles.  
5.57.  In closing, we would like to reiterate the value the United  States places on its long -standing  
relationship with Chile  in our bilateral trade relations, here at the WTO, and in other fora such as 
APEC. We look forward to continued cooperation  with Chile, and congratulate it on a successful  TPR. 
  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  The sixth  Trade Policy Review of Chile has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our 
understanding of recent developments in its trade, investment, and economic  policies since its 
previous Review in 2015. The 427  advance written questions submitted by 24  Members and the 
interventions of over 30  delegations during the two -day meeting testify to the importance attached 
by Members to Chile's trade and investment pol icies and practices.  
6.2.  I would like to thank the delegation of Chile, headed by H.E.  Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, 
Undersecretary of International Economic Relations on the first day, and by Ms  Marcela  Otero, 
Director General for Multilateral Economic Relations on the second day, for their constructive 
participation in this exercise. My thanks go also to our discussant H.E.  Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng, 
Permanent Representative of Singapore to the WTO, for his insightful and thought -provoking 
remarks, and t o all delegations that took the floor for their valuable contributions.  
6.3.  During this review, Chile was commended for its robust economic performance, and for its able 
handling of the economic crisis caused by the COVID -19 pandemic, which was in great part d ue to 
Chile's commitment to maintaining an open economy and to the implementation of sound 
macroeconomic policies, which in turn allowed its economy to quickly recover. Members 
acknowledged that Chile had benefited greatly from its openness and integration  into the world 
economy, receiving large FDI flows and achieving one of the highest GDP per  capita in Latin  America.  
6.4.  Members highlighted the importance of Chile's active engagement in regional trade initiatives 
and other international economic fora. They praised Chile for its extended network of RTAs covering 
more than 60  economies, and the steps it has taken to modernize these agreements by introducing 
innovative provisions on topics such as digital trade, the environment, SMEs, and trade and gender. 
Several Members expressed interest in deepening their RTAs and commercial exchange with Chile.   
6.5.  A common thread running through Members' statements was an appreciation for Chile's stable 
and open trade and investment regime, while also addressing the sustaina bility, technological and 
inclusiveness dimensions of trade. They also appreciated Chile on its recently issuance of Feminist 
Foreign Policy and its actions to increase the participation of women in international trade. Members 
also appreciated Chile on it s ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2016, and welcomed 
the announcement that yesterday Chile ratified the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement.  
6.6.  Chile was praised for its strong commitment to the multilateral trading system and its active 
participation in numerous WTO bodies and initiatives, including on WTO reform, agriculture, 
e-commerce, services domestic regulation, MSMEs, investment facilitation, environmental 
sustainability, and trade and gender. In particular, Members highlighted the in strumental role of 
H.E. Ambassador Sof ía Boza, as co -chair of the Joint Initiative on Investment Facilitation for 
Development, in leading it to a successful conclusion, in addition to her leading role as a chairperson 
of the Working Group on Trade and Tran sfer of Technology.  
6.7.  Members commended Chile on its actions to transition to renewable energy sources and 
towards achieving decarbonization. Recognizing its abundant resources in critical minerals and the 
significant role Chile can play in the global energy  transition, a number of Members were keen to 
know more about the implementation of Chile's national strategies on lithium and green hydrogen. 
Members commended Chile on its attractive and stable investment environment and noted the 
importance of maintaini ng existing standards of protection for investors.  
6.8.  Overall, Members were highly appreciative of the legal and institutional reforms in Chile's trade 
regime over the period under review, its strong advocacy to pursue openness, inclusiveness, and 
sustainabi lity in trade policy both at the regional and multilateral levels. In this regard, some 
considered that there was room for improvement in areas such as the price band system for certain 
agricultural products, some SPS measures, intellectual property issues  and economic diversification. 
Some Members also encouraged Chile to consider acceding to the GPA and to the Information 
Technology Agreement.  
6.9.  In conclusion, the delegation of Chile has clearly demonstrated that it places a high value on 
the Trade Policy Review Mechanism and the multilateral trading system through its active 
engagement over this two -day meeting.  WT/TPR/W/ 240 
 
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  6.10.  Let me thank again the delegation of Chile, the discussant and all delegations that have 
participated. My thanks also go to the Secretariat for t heir hard work throughout this exercise.  
6.11.  Finally, Members look forward to receiving answers to any outstanding and follow -up 
questions within the customary one month, at which time this Review will be concluded.  
 
__________