WT/TPR/M/446  
9 November 2023 
(23-7536) Page: 1/39 
Trade Policy Review Body   
27 and 29 September 2023  
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
JORDAN  
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Saqer Abdullah Almoqbel (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF JORDAN  ................................ ...... 4 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  7 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  11 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF JORDAN  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  .........  34 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  39 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Jordan  are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 446/Add.1  and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm . WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The third Trade Policy Review of Jordan  was held on 27 and 29  September  2023. 
The Chairperson, H.E. Mr Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel (Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia) welcomed the 
delegation of Jordan , headed by H.E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade, 
and Supply, and Minister of Labour ; H.E.  Ambassador Walid  Obeidat , Permanent Representative of 
Jordan  to the WTO; the rest of the delegation; and the discussant, H.E. Dr Omar  Zniber  (Morocco).  
1.2.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Interprefy online connec tion, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership.  
1.3.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The Report by  Jordan  is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 446, and that of the WTO 
Secretariat in doc ument WT/TPR/S/ 446. 
1.4.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: Iceland, 
Singapore, Canada, Chinese  Taipei, Japan, European  Union, Argentina, United  Kingdom, 
United  States, China, Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia, Dominican  Republic, and Brazil.  The following 
delegations submitted written questions after the deadline: Türkiye . 
1.5.  The Chairperson first  recall ed some elements of the Jordan's previous Review and 
developments since then, as well as  identif ied some key issues arisin g from the advance written 
questions submitted by Members for this TPR.  
1.6.  During the previous TPRB meeting in November  2015, Members praised Jordan for the 
resilience of its economy, which posted positive economic growth despite facing severe adverse 
circum stances, notably the global economic crisis and regional conflicts. They commended Jordan 
on its planning for future growth as set out in its 2025 National Vision and Strategy. It was noted 
that implementation of the Vision would help stimulate economic gr owth and social inclusiveness, 
including women economic empowerment. Members also welcomed various steps undertaken by 
Jordan to reduce the cost of doing business and facilitate foreign participation in the economy, with 
a view to attracting foreign invest ment.  
1.7.  At the time of the previous Review, Members were appreciative of Jordan positive economic 
outcomes and numerous reforms, they also sought additional information on minimum capital 
requirements, equity ownership, and foreign investment in certain serv ice sectors, such as wholesale 
and retail trade. Jordan was also encouraged to ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement, and to 
further strengthen the enforcement of intellectual property rights.  
1.8.  The Chairperson  focused on developments since Jordan's last R eview. During the period under 
Review 2016 -22, real GDP growth averaged 1.6% per year despite having, in 2020, its first economic 
contraction since 2009. This contraction was largely due to the pandemic which significantly 
disrupted most economic activities, notably exports and tourism.  
1.9.  Jordan is implementing its Economic Priorities Programme  and Economic Modernization Vision  
which attach a significant importance to environmental sustainability. They also consi der women 
empowerment and promoting further participation of the private sector in the economy as a favoured 
way to stimulate inclusive growth, broaden Jordan's economic base, and expanding into high 
value -added service and industrial sectors.  
1.10.   Both the Sec retariat and Government reports indicate that Jordan is also implementing a 
major tariff reform. As a result of continuous efforts to simplify the tariff structure, the simple 
average applied MFN tariff rate decreased from 10.2% in 2015 to 4% in 2023. More over, Jordan 
ratified the TFA in 2017 and amended its Customs Code in 2018 according to the TFA provisions. 
Almost all TFA provisions have been implemented.  
1.11.   During the review period, Jordan made significant changes to its investment regime t o 
promote large r FDI and reduce red tape/cost of doing business. The new Ministry of Investment was 
created in 2021 and a new Investment Environment Law entered into force in 2022. Jordan has 
taken significant steps to boost its digital economy and is implementing an exp ort strategy. 
The Chairperson was sure of the Members interest  to know more about these changes.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  1.12.   In the Report  prepared by the Government , Jordan identified areas where technical assistance 
is needed from the WTO Secretariat to support its trade -related ca pacity and development efforts.  
1.13.   As highlighted in the advanced written questions, several trade and related measures were of 
great interest to Members, in particular, the new Investment Environment Law and the incentives 
scheme associated with the new law.  Members showed  also interested in the support efforts for 
small  and medium -sized enterprises, and how to encourage SMEs to participate more into the global 
value chains. State trading enterprises (STEs) and the measures related to importing barley and 
wheats also drew Members' attention. Other areas of Members' interest included customs procedures 
as well as the new government procurement regime.  
1.14.   In total, Jordan received around 140 advance written questions from 14  delegations for th e 
current  Review, out  of which 132 questions from 13 delegations were sent within the established 
deadline. Prior to th e meeting, Jordan already provided written replies to all Members that submitted 
questions.  
1.15.   The meeting w as a good opportunity for Members to discuss in great er detail issues of interest 
to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. The Chairperson looked 
forward to a fruitful exchange.  
1.16.   The Chairperson closed his introductory remarks by wishing Jordan  a very successful third 
Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF JORDAN 
(H.E. MR YOUSEF  MAHMOUD  AL-SHAMALI ) 
2.1.  I am very pleased to represent the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in its third  Trade Policy 
Review . On behalf of the Jordania n delegation, I extend sincerest appreciation to the Permanent 
Representative of the Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia, H.E. Ambassador  Saqer  Almoqbel for his 
chairmanship, kind words of welcome and overview of issues.  
2.2.  Our appreciation is also extended to the Perma nent Representative of Morocco, 
H.E. Ambassador Omar  Zniber, whom we are honoured to have as discussant, and through whom 
we present our sincerest condolences to the people of Morocco over the devastating earthquake 
earlier this month. We look forward to l istening to your insightful thoughts on Jordan's economic and 
trade policies.  
2.3.  Allow me also to express our deepest gratitude to the WTO Secretariat, especially 
Mr Angelo  Silvy, Officer in Charge of the Trade Policy Review Division and his team, for the 
outstanding efforts exerted in preparing a comprehensive Report and the support presented during 
this exercise period.  
2.4.  I am also honoured and pleased for having your Excellencies and distinguished delegates with 
us today, whether in person or virtually.  
2.5.  Jordan views the Trade Policy Review for what it is: An effective mechanism for ensuring 
transparency of trade policies and practices of the WTO Members; and as a long -standing  Member, 
we reiterate our commitment to this major principle of the WTO.  
2.6.  For this review, we received more than 140  questions and we are pleased to have been able to 
answer almost all. We seek to be engaged with you in a constructive exchange of views on all aspects 
of Jordan's economic and trade policy.  
2.7.  Many observers will agree t hat Jordan has maintained its resilience and continued its support 
and commitment to the market economy and the multilateral trading system despite the challenges 
and crises met in the past two decades.  
2.8.  The consecutive waves of Syrian refugees' influx to the Kingdom since 2011 and the closure of 
Jordanian -Syrian boarders in 2015 due to security concerns made enormous pressures on our 
resources, trade and economy.  
2.9.  We continue to shoulder the burden of hosting over 1.3  million Syrian refugees, a b urden most 
countries are exempted from.  
2.10.   More was to come with the implications of the COVID -19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on 
supply chains and trade flow.  Domestic impacts did not weaken our commitment to contribute to 
addressing regional and global c hallenges.  We contributed to the global fight against the pandemic 
by exporting masks, medical bibs and labels.  
2.11.   We also took new measures to enhance our role in global efforts to address climate change 
such as ratifying the Paris  Agreement and meeting the greenhouse gas emissions reduction target.  
2.12.   During the review period, Jordan continued its economic reform efforts, as acknowledged by 
international institutions. According to the World  Bank ranking,  Jordan was among the top 10  global 
improvers and a top bu siness climate reformer in the MENA region in 2020.  
2.13.   Fitch Ratings revised the outlook for Jordan's credit rating the country with a "stable " outlook, 
signalling recognition of the Kingdom's considerable advancements in consolidating its financial 
position and fostering economic recovery in the aftermath of the pandemic.  
2.14.    While Jordan's economic performance in the period following the last Trade Policy Review 
featured ups and downs, this year started with an economic growth of 2.8% in the first quarter.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  2.15.   Sectors such as tourism and exports grew substantially in 2022, helping to reduce current 
account deficit. Overall fiscal deficit was reduced to 4.6% of GDP.  
2.16.   Despite the high inflation rates recorded globally and regionally, Jordan maintained a relatively 
low inflation rate compared to other countries. The inflation rate averaged 1.9% between 2016 and 
2022, going down to 1.17% in the first half of this year. The aggregate volume of foreign direct 
investments in Jordan made a growth rate of over  82%, an impress ive rate compared to the levels 
achieved during the pandemic period and the preceding year.  
2.17.   Despite these positive developments in the economy, the "chronic " problems I described 
persist and continue to produce challenges.  
2.18.    In response, Jordan, under the p atronage of His Majesty King Abdullah  II, and with the 
participation of more than 500 experts from the private and public sectors, Parliament, academia, 
media and development partners, developed a comprehensive strategy for sustainable and inclusive 
econom ic development.  
2.19.   This is the Economic Modernization Vision that has two core pillars: accelerating economic 
growth and improving quality of life while prioritizing sustainability.  
2.20.   Jordan perceived that attracting and facilitating investments is key for the  success of the 
Vision. The new investment law, adopted in 2022, creates more favourable environment for investors 
by streamlining the process of setting up and running businesses, and promotes transparency and 
predictability in the investment process.  
2.21.   The law provides equal treatment of domestic and foreign investors, freedom of capital 
movement, guarantees and incentives for investments that contribute to economic growth, job 
creation, knowledge and technology transfer. The law also emphasizes the digita lization and 
automation of processes and services as to remove administrative and procedural barriers and 
encourage investment in strategic projects, innovation, and research.  
2.22.   In addition, the Vision gives special attention to free trade orientation of Jor dan's economy. 
We therefore launched the "National Export Strategy", which is designed in close collaboration with 
the private sector, to diversify the product portfolio, trade facilitation and support sustainability of 
exporting companies.  
2.23.   Realizing that more effective and wider penetration of international markets requires an 
empowered private sector capable of leading production and marketing processes meeting the needs 
of target markets, another tool of the Vision, the Industrial Support and Development  Fund, was 
launched earlier this year that aligned with our international commitments, to support industrial 
business with the costs of these processes.  
2.24.   The Vision is also one of the several initiatives that emphasize women empowerment for a 
better integr ation in economic life. In 2023, the amended Labour  Law featured several provisions to 
empower women and enhance their participation in the workforce through many aspects such as 
equal pay, establishment of childcare centers, flexible work environment, and strictly prohibited 
gender -based discrimination among workers.  
2.25.   Our economic growth is sought after not only through domestic initiatives but also via 
enhanced regional and international cooperation such as the trilateral cooperation with I raq and 
Egypt, the Industrial Partnership for Sustainable Economic Growth along with the UAE, Egypt and 
the Kingdom  of Bahrain  launched last year, the upcoming Joint Jordanian -Iraqi Economic Boarder 
City and the various free trade agreement and protocols w ith many countries around the world.  
2.26.   Jordan's WTO membership and the multilateral trading system played a key role in shaping 
our trade policies, fostering transparency, and facilitating integration into the global economy.  
2.27.   The Kingdom remains a strong sup porter of the multilateral trading system as embodied in 
the WTO.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  2.28.   We believe that we all can deliver based on strengthening of a free and fair global trade, while 
prioritizing facilitation and support to the participation of developing Member countries in 
negotiations on the WTO reform to further enhance market access opportunities in goods and 
services for all WTO Members.  
2.29.    Jordan also continues adherence to the principles of WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. The 
national trade window begun its full operat ion in March  2018 to facilitate and automate the trade 
exchange procedures. This reform was supported by the major amendments introduced to the 
Customs Law in 2019, to emphasize the acceptance of electronic documents such as cargo manifests 
and commercial documents attached to customs declarations.  
2.30.   Jordan Customs launched the Jordan Trade Facilitation Portal to provide traders with access 
to a repository and procedures for more than 70  products to improve compliance, reduce transaction 
delays, and align wit h WTO TFA measures. Customs tariffs were restructured, as of 13  January  2022, 
to include 4 categories instead of 16, which will eliminate tariff distortions, boost trade, and enhance 
efficiency.  
2.31.   Jordan, as one of the "net food importer developing countrie s", stresses the priority of food 
security, supports the calls for additional flexibilities within the agriculture negotiations and removing 
all barriers to trade in basic goods.  
2.32.   Jordan initiated the procedures to ratify the Fisheries Support Agreement, a significant 
achievement arising from the Twelfth Ministerial Conference. Currently, Jordan is in the process of 
taking the necessary legislative steps required for the ratification of this agreement.  
2.33.   As part of its advocacy for women economic empowerment and adoption of an inclusive 
economic development, Jordan joined the Declaration on Trade and Women's Economic 
Empowerment. Further, the recently amended Companies Law stipulates a percentage for women 
representation on corporate boards. These innovations highlight the country's belief in reaffirming 
the potential of businesswomen and entrepreneurs and the economic value -added they can bring to 
the global economy in addition to the reforms implemented in the country.  
2.34.   Jordan started implementation of the Gov ernment Procurement By  -law of 2022 and its 
amendments, which harmonizes procurement procedures, introduces the Jordanian electronic 
procurement system, strengthens decentralization, and promotes transparency and integrity in 
government procurement  . 
2.35.   In line  with the WTO negotiations on trade  related aspects of electronic commerce, the Council 
of Ministers approved the Jordan National E -Commerce Strategy 2023 -25, which aims to create an 
enabling environment for e -commerce, attract investments and businesses, and offer better income 
opportunities in the sector.  
2.36.   The Kingdom expresses its commitments and support to the outcomes of the 
Twelfth  Ministerial Conference and its consensus -based decision -making mechanism. We are looking 
forward to a successful MC13 in the UAE next February with optimism. We are strongly committed 
to support and work, in cooperation with all WTO Members, to keep up the political momentum and 
to have concrete and milestone o utcomes to be implemented by Members following MC13.  
2.37.   In conclusion, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the WTO Members for their 
acknowledgement and appreciation of the challenges Jordan is facing.  
2.38.   We are particularly thankful to Members who supported Jordan in times of crises and those 
recogniz ing the advancements and efforts Jordan made to implement rule s-based trade system and 
keep our economy open and our trade free and fair.  
2.39.   Finally, we acknowledge that there is always room for improvement, and I assure you that 
we will give a very careful c onsideration to all your comments. We also welcome any additional 
queries that may arise during today's meeting.  
  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  I would like to start by extending a warm welcome to the delegation of Jordan led by 
H.E. Minister  Youssef  Al-Shamali, and his team, and by greeting the Ambassador of the Kingdom of 
Saudi  Arabia, Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel, Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body.  
3.2.  It is an honour for me to be the discussant for the third Trade Policy Review of Jordan, an 
exercise which at tests to Jordan's commitment to the multilateral trading system and to this 
fundamental WTO process through which the Organization helps to promote fair, transparent and 
open international trade.  
3.3.  Trade policy reviews would not be possible without the detai led work of delegations and the 
Secretariat. In that regard, I would like to thank Jordan and the Secretariat for their insightful 
reports, which have given Members a global view of Jordan's trade and economic policies and 
provided an excellent basis for o ur meeting.  
3.4.  would like to remind you that in keeping with the rules of procedure for WTO reviews, my 
remarks are made in a personal capacity.  
A context of international crisis  
3.5.  It should be noted that this third Trade Policy Review of Jordan, for the period  2016-22, comes 
at a very difficult time for most economies.  
3.6.  The health crisis, which led to an economic crisis, has laid bare the interdependence of 
economies, demonstrating the fragility of supply chains and international trade channels.  
3.7.  The energy crisi s stemming from the situation in Ukraine has occurred in an already disrupted 
global economic environment, exposing several countries' reliance on others for their supplies of 
energy and foodstuffs (wheat, fertilizers) and creating unprecedented inflationa ry pressures.  
3.8.  Added to that are the political instability and various conflicts we see in the Middle East region, 
which affect its economic integration and therefore have a negative impact on economic growth and 
food security and hinder trade regionally.  
Brief overview of Jordan within the context of the WTO  
3.9.  Because of Jordan's geographical location, it remains a commercial and cultural crossroads at 
the heart of the Middle  East, with a rich cultural and archaeological heritage that make it an anchor 
for re gional stability.  
3.10.   Jordan is an active Member of the WTO and has regularly participated in WTO activities since 
its accession in 2000. We also advocate for the accession of other Arab countries to the Organization.  
3.11.   Jordan has a wide range of trade agreement s at the bilateral, regional and international levels 
with a view to strengthening its regional positioning, gaining additional market share and attracting 
foreign investment.  
3.12.   Jordan has established bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with various econo mies, 
including the United  States, the European  Union, Canada, Singapore, and the United  Kingdom.  
3.13.   Jordan is also a signatory to the Agadir Agreement (a precursor to the forthcoming 
Mediterranean free trade area) alongside Morocco, Egypt, and Tunisia.  
3.14.   Jorda n is a member of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), which demonstrates its 
willingness to promote cooperation and dialogue between countries along the northern and southern 
coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.  
3.15.   During the period 2016 -22, Jordan had seven re gional trade agreements (RTAs) in force 
with 52 economies.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  3.16.   To return to our exercise, my statement will focus on three core aspects:  
(1) I will begin my statement by describing the main features of Jordan's economy, in 
particular through the lens of key macroeconomic indexes and indicators.  
(2) Subsequently, I will address some major developments and reforms that have taken 
place in Jordan since its second Trade Policy Review, making reference to the reports 
by the Government and the Secretariat.  
(3) Lastly, I will conclude my statement by highlighting some key issues raised by other 
Members in the context of this year's Review.  
Jordan's economy  
3.17.   Despite the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic, Jordan was particularly resilient in its bid to 
overcome the pandem ic's negative effects on society, trade and the economy in general.  
3.18.   Jordan is an emerging economy open to foreign trade, with a GDP of USD  48 billion, equivalent 
to USD  4,670 per  capita.  
3.19.   The services sector accounts for nearly 2/3 of GDP. The secondary sector accounts for 
around  1/4 of GDP (mainly based on the textile, pharmaceutical and mining industries). Meanwhile, 
the primary sector accounts for only 6% of Jordan's GDP.  
3.20.   The country depends on imports for much of its needs, and its budgetary  savings are 
undermined by considerable debt.  
3.21.   Jordan showed resilience in 2022, recording growth of 2.5% driven mainly by a robust tourism 
sector. Tourism accounts for 20% of GDP, and tourism -related income amounted to USD  5.8 billion 
in 2022, up 110.5% fr om 2021.  
3.22.   The Bretton Woods Institutions and Jordan's economic partners continue to support the 
country and thus contribute to its continued stability. International financial aid stood at almost 
USD 2.5 billion in 2022.  
3.23.   According to IMF forecasts, growth i s expected to continue in 2023, with a growth rate 
of 2.7%.  
3.24.   It should be noted that during the period 2016 -19, real GDP growth averaged 2.1%, but fell 
by 1.6% in 2020 because of the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic on Jordan's economy, the 
country's first e conomic contraction in more than three decades.  
3.25.   The achievements of Jordan's economy in 2022 were due to its fiscal and monetary policy, 
including its peg to the dollar/euro, backed by adequate international reserves, which has served as 
an effective ancho r for macroeconomic stability.  
3.26.   Inflation averaged  1.9% from 2016 to 2022, although it increased to 4.2% in 2022 owing to 
rising fuel and food prices.  
3.27.   At the end of 2022, the current account of Jordan's balance of payments was -8.8%. However, 
the IMF expect s the deficit to improve to -7.5% of GDP in 2023.  
3.28.   In 2022, the unemployment rate improved slightly from 2021, dropping from 24.1% to 22.8% 
(young people and women are particularly affected by unemployment).  
3.29.   This high unemployment rate correlates in part wi th the number of inhabitants, which has 
doubled over the past few decades, increasing from 5  million to 11  million people (mainly due to the 
hosting of a large number of refugees), placing further pressure on limited natural resources.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  3.30.   In addition, like se veral other countries, Jordan is facing climate risks, in particular rising 
temperatures, decreased rainfall and more droughts.  
3.31.   The fiscal deficit fell slightly in 2022 to -5.9% (including grants) and is expected to fall further 
in 2023 to -5.1% (including  grants) of GDP . The deterioration of the fiscal balance in relation to 
increased public spending has affected public debt, which is expected to stand at 113.8% of GDP 
in 2023.  
3.32.   During the period 2016 -22, the Hashemite Kingdom continued to attract foreign i nvestment, 
with a peak in FDI of USD  2.03 billion in 2017, compared to USD  1.14 billion in 2022.  
3.33.   However, although foreign and domestic investors are treated equally in most ways, 
differences remain in terms of restrictions on land ownership, minimum capit al requirements, equity 
restrictions on foreign investment in some sectors and prohibitions on foreign investment in a 
number of areas.  
Economic and political reforms  
3.34.   For the second part of my speech, it should be noted that, during the review period, Jord an 
pursued economic reform and openness policies that enabled it to more efficiently mobilize its 
domestic resources for major reforms aimed at strengthening its trade balance and improving its 
business climate, resulting in good economic prospects for the  country.  
3.35.   Jordan should be commended for these reforms, which should help it to integrate into the 
global economy and strengthen its competitiveness and positioning on the international stage.  
3.36.   These measures include: (i)  the introduction of a customs refor m for the period 2022 -28; 
(ii) the modernization of its government procurement framework with the entry into force of 
Government Procurement Regulation No.  8 of 2022; (iii)  the reform of the tax and incentive system, 
with the aim of reducing the tax burden  and stimulating the economy; and (iv)  the entry into force 
of the new Investment Environment Law No.  21 of 2022.  
3.37.   I should also highlight: (i)  Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision for 2030, which aims to 
enhance growth and quality of life by creating one  million new jobs and improving the country's 
ranking on global indexes; (ii)  the National Agricultural Development Strategy 2020 -2025; (iii)  the 
National Water Strategy 2023 -2040; and (iv)  the Jordan Energy Strategy 2020 -2030.  
Issues raised by WTO Members  
3.38.   With regard to matters relating to Jordan's TPR that were raised by Members of the 
Organization, let me provide the following brief summary:  
3.39.   Jordan received around 100 questions which, in my view, reflect Members' interest in its 
economic and trade  policies and its achievements during the review period.  
3.40.   The questions generally concern:  
• economic, trade and fiscal policies;  
• the implementation of policy on gender equality;  
• customs procedures and Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision for 2030;  
• the impl ementation of the National Policy for Climate Change for the years 2022 -2050;  
• the ratification status of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies;  
• notifications to the WTO and restrictions on and licences required for the importation of  
certain products;  
• state-owned enterprises, government procurement and intellectual property rights;  
• negotiations on bilateral investment treaties; exclusion of and limitations on 
non-Jordanians; and  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  • sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS).  
3.41.   While I consider all of these to be i mportant matters, I will not go any further, as they will be 
discussed at length by the Members concerned.  
3.42.   In conclusion, I would like to commend Jordan on its contributions to the WTO and the 
multilateral trading system since its accession in 2000, as wel l as on the significant progress and 
achievements made at the national level. I wish the Jordanian delegation a successful and fruitful 
Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
ICELAND  
4.1.  Before addressing the Trade Policy Review of Jordan, let me extend our sincere condolences to 
Morocco following the devastating earthquake earlier this month.  
4.2.  Iceland warmly welcomes the distinguished delegation of Jordan, led by H.E.  Minister 
Yousef  Mahm oud Al-Shamali, to the third Trade Policy Review. We also express appreciation to the 
WTO Secretariat, as well as Jordan, for the reports prepared, as well as to the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador Omar  Zniber, for the excellent framing of the issues for our d iscussion today.  
4.3.  On the outset, let me express Iceland's appreciation for Jordan's active participation and strong 
commitment to the smooth functioning of the multilateral trading system. Jordan's economy has 
weathered many outside challenges, as we have heard, and as for many of the Members, the 
COVID -19 pandemic is one of those challenges that has negatively affected the economy, where the 
main economic activities impacted have been export and tourism.  
4.4.  It is widely recogni zed that the economic and trade impacts of the pan demic and ongoing 
geopolitical conflicts have had a disproportionately adverse impact on women. This is important to 
keep in mind in the current global environment. At MC12, Ministers acknowledged for the first time 
the importance of addressing women's eco nomic empowerment at the WTO, and by doing so, 
recogni zed the positive benefits that it will have on our economies. Iceland commends Jordan for 
acknowledging this fact and welcomes actions taking to advance women's empowerment as laid out 
in the Executive Plan for the National Strategy for Women in Jordan for the period 2023 -2025. 
We wish Jordan all the success in implementing this broad -based strategy. This is not only the right 
thing to do, but also the smart thing to do.  
4.5.  Iceland welcomes Jordan's partici pation in the informal working group on trade and gender, 
where an important element of our work is the sharing of best practices and experiences relating to 
policies and rulemaking on advancing women's economic empowerment. In the spirit of supporting 
relevant data gathering in this field, Iceland has submitted in advance written questions on the 
participation of women in the economy of Jordan.  We welcome the replies, as the answers will be 
useful in gathering best practices in the promotion of gender equa lity within trade.  
4.6.  Finally, Iceland once again appreciates Jordan's firm support to the multilateral trading system 
and its active engagement in the WTO. We wish the delegation of Jordan every success for this Trade 
Policy Review.  
SINGAPORE  
4.7.  Let me begin b y extending a very warm welcome to Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply, 
and Minister of Labour , Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, and the delegation from Jordan. I would 
also like to express our appreciation to Jordan for the comprehensive Government Report  and 
statement and thank the Chair, Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel, and the discussant, 
Ambassador Omar  Zniber, for their insightful statements and the Secretariat for its detailed Report. 
Allow me also to convey our heartfelt condolences to Ambassador Omar  Zniber for the devastating 
earthquake in Morocco.  
4.8.  Allow me to make three points. First, Singapore and Jordan enjoy long -standing and strong 
political and economic relations.  In fact, Jor dan was one of four countries that co -sponsored 
Singapore 's application to join the United  Nations in 1965. Since then, relations have broadened and 
deepened, especially since both Singapore and Jordan are small countries with limited natural 
resources. Ou r economic ties are anchored by the Singapore -Jordan Free Trade Agreement that was 
signed close to 20 years ago in  2004. It was a significant milestone as this marked the first FTA 
between Singapore and a country from the Middle East. Together with the Bil ateral Investment 
Treaty, the FTA has enabled bilateral trade to grow to US D 134 million in 2022 and trade in services 
expanded by 122% year -on-year to US D 141.5  million. There are also growing commercial 
opportunities in Jordan, especially in the fast -growing ICT sector . We are encouraged by Jordan 's 
efforts to accelerate domestic digital transformation and build an inclusive digital economy through 
initiatives such as its National E -Commerce Strategy 2023 -2025. Singapore has similarly developed WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  a Digital Economy Framework for Action to support our businesses and organi zations in embracing 
digital transformation and leveraging emerging technologies for growth. Given this convergence of 
interests, we look forward to strengthening our collaboration to leverag e the digital economy.  
4.9.  Second, Singapore commends Jordan 's efforts to restructure its economy and attract foreign 
investments. The establishment of a Ministry of Investment and the adoption of a new "Investment 
Environment Law " to regulate, supervise and manage the development of free zones across Jordan 
will en courage greater foreign investments and boost commercial activity. These initiatives have 
helped Jordan 's economy rebound from the COVID -19 pandemic, with GDP growth of 2.2% in 2021. 
In addition, the aggregate volume of foreign direct investments in Jordan  recorded an impressive 
growth rate of over 82% post -pandemic. Nonetheless, there is room for improvement. As the WTO 
Secretariat has noted in its Report, foreign investment remains prohibited in certain sectors while 
others such as air transport and other  services are subjected to equity restrictions. We encourage 
Jordan to consider further liberali zing investments in these sectors to further reali ze its full potential 
as an FDI destination.  
4.10.   Third, Singapore appreciates Jordan 's active role at the WTO, pa rticularly as coordinator for 
the Asian  Group of Developing Countries (AGDC).  Jordan is also a Member of both the Information 
Technology Agreement and Trade Facilitation Agreement , which reflects its commitment to the 
multilateral trading system. We would also like to commend Jordan for launching its Trade 
Facilitation Portal  which provides traders with access to information and procedures concerning the 
import, export , and transit of over 70  products, thereby improving compliance and reducing 
transaction c osts for traders. Going forward, we encourage Jordan to consider joining the ITA  II, as 
well as the various Joint Statement Initiatives. Given Jordan 's interest in growing the digital 
economy, we strongly encourage Jordan to join the Joint Statement Initia tive on E -Commerce, in 
order to harness the growth potential offered by digital transformation.   
4.11.   In closing, Singapore will continue to work closely with Jordan to support the multilateral 
trading system as embodied by the WTO. Finally, I must acknowledge  the contributions that my 
good friend Ambassador Walid  Obeidat as well as his team at the Jordan Mission in Geneva have 
made at the WTO and as Coordinator for the AGDC. We wish Jordan a very successful third Trade 
Policy Review.  
CANADA  
4.12.   I would like to begin by extending a warm welcome to the delegation from Jordan, led by 
Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade, and Supply, and Minister of Labour, on 
the occasion of its third  Trade Policy Review. Thanks to the Secretari at for your very well -researched 
Report, and to my dear friend H.E.  Ambassador  Omar  Zniber for your insightful comments as 
discussant.  
4.13.   I want to join others in extending Canada's sincere condolences to Morocco for the devastating 
impacts that the country is facing  following the earthquakes. Canada was very pleased at least to 
be able to provide some humanitarian assistance as part of the response, both at the federal level 
and by, of course the province of Quebec, giving our linguistical ties.  
4.14.   Now turning t o the Trade Policy Review, l et me first begin by congratulating Jordan on its 
economic recovery from the COVID -19 pandemic despite the economic contraction experienced 
in 2020 due to significant disruptions to economic activities, exports , and tourism. Not ably, we 
congratulate Jordan on its growth in tourism, which surpassed pre -pandemic levels in 2022.   
4.15.   Canada and Jordan share a deep and enduring partnership. Canada was very pleased to host 
a visit of King  Abdullah  II in January  2023 to advance cooperation  and to discuss how best to 
advance the Canada -Jordan commercial relationship.  Canada and Jordan commercial relations are 
growing thanks to our long -standing partnership dating back as far as 2009 in the form of the 
Canada -Jordan Foreign Investment Protect ion and Promotion Agreement, followed by our 2012 
Free Trade Agreement. We hope to see bilateral trade continue to grow so that it may benefit 
Canadians and Jordanians alike.  
4.16.   We would like, in particular, to highlight two notable recent developments in Jordan.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.17.   First, we commend Jordan on its 2020 -2025 National Strategy for Women. We welcome efforts 
to provide a safer and more equitable environment for women in all sectors, but  in particular in the 
garment sector where women represent 69% of the workforce in Jordan. As garments of knitted or 
woven clothing constitute the largest Canadian imports from Jordan, and alone, exceed the amount 
of our pre -FTA bilateral trade, we are ple ased to be collaborating with Jordan at the  International 
Labour Organization to support a more inclusive and fair working environment for Jordan 's garment 
workers. We also welcome other policy changes, which will stand to benefit women such as 
amendments to Jordan 's Labour Law No.  10 of 2023 and the approval of the Flexible Employment 
Regulation No.  22 of 2017.  
4.18.   Second, we are pleased to see the progress of Jordan 's new Investment Law. Indeed, Canada 
supports a number of initiatives in Jordan through multi lateral partners in support of Jordan 's 
Economic Modernization Vision, including specifically in the promotion of trade and investment. Such 
initiatives help to foster a more sustainable and equitable global trading system which stands to 
benefit us all.  
4.19.   On the whole, we were happy to note Jordan 's commitment to multilateralism and a 
rules-based trading system with the WTO at its core. We too see this as being the way forward to 
ensure global growth that benefits all and is sustainable for generations to c ome. We believe that 
the WTO is the appropriate forum to discuss recent economic or trade policy changes which could 
affect global trade and, as such, we call on Jordan to address its outstanding notifications, 
particularly in respect of the Agreement on S ubsidies and Countervailing Measures and Agriculture.  
Transparency via notifications is a key commitment for all WTO Members and we would note that 
TPR Reports are a rich source to support fulfilment  of notification obligations.  
4.20.   As we move forward to the 13th Ministerial Conference of the WTO, we look forward to 
engaging with Jordan and other WTO Members to achieve ambitious and timely outcomes in ongoing 
negotiations. In particular, we would encourage Jordan to consider joining the Agreement on 
Investment  Facilitation for Development. This Agreement reinforces our commitment, not only to 
rules-based trade and investment, but to helping developing and least developed Members better 
participate in the global trading system. In addition, Canada would welcome Jordan taking on the 
disciplines of the J oint Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation  and join us in implementing the 
first outcome on services at the WTO in more than 20  years. The Joint Initiative on Services Domestic 
Regulation  will help deliver new concrete trade rules and lower costs for businesses. Finally, we 
encourage Jordan to proceed with ratifying the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement as soon as possible 
and join the Multiparty Interim Appeal -Arbitration Arrangement.  
4.21.   We thank Jordan for continuing  to engage on diverse matters at the WTO and encourage its 
continued active participation in ongoing negotiations and initiatives.  
SEPARATE  CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN, AND MATSU  
4.22.   The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu is delighted to 
participate Jordan 's third Trade Policy Review . We would like to extend a warm welcome to 
H.E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade, and Supply , and Minister of Labour 
of Jordan and their respective de legates. We also express our gratitude to Ambassador 
H.E. Mr Omar  Zniber (Morocco) for his valuable comments as the discussant. Furthermore, we 
commend the high -quality reports presented by both the Secretariat and the Government of Jordan.  
4.23.   During the rev iew period (2016 -2022), Jordan once again demonstrated its ability to maintain 
economic resilience in the face of multiple global and regional challenges. These challenges included 
a refugee influx resulting from the Syrian crisis, economic contraction dur ing the COVID -19 
pandemic, and global inflationary pressures, along with food insecurity triggered by the 
Russian  Federation's  aggression against Ukraine. Following the COVID pandemic, Jordan's GDP 
growth gradually rebounded, with an increase of 2.5% in 20 22 and 2.8% in the first quarter of 2023. 
Merchandise trade also saw significant growth, rising by 28.7% in 2022 to reach USD 38.7 billion. 
Notably, Jordan's national exports in 2022 were up by 83% compared to 2016. The outlook for the 
Jordanian economy ap pears to be positive.  
4.24.   It is understood that Jordan's robust economic performance can be attributed to sound 
economic policies and multiple waves of reform aimed at further liberalizing the economy and WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  promoting a balanced and sustainable economic environme nt. We are confident that the "Economic 
Priorities Program 2021 -2023" and "Economic Modernization Vision 2030" will continue to support 
the transformation of Jordan's economic development.  
4.25.   Allow me to highlight some reform efforts undertaken by the Jordani an Government that we 
find highly commendable and of significant value to other WTO Members.  
4.26.   Firstly, we commend Jordan for reforming its tariff structure as of January  2022, streamlining 
tariff categories from 16 to 4. We also appreciate Jordan's commitment to gradually reduce tariffs 
on imported goods from 25% to 20% by 2025, and further to 15% starting from January  2027. 
These changes will undoubtedly facilitate and promote more international trade and business 
cooperation.  
4.27.   Secondly, on the trade  facilitation front, we welcome the amendments to the Customs Law 
in 2018 and 2019, which have put in place a comprehensive framework of regulation and procedure 
to facilitate international trade and reduce administrative burdens for traders, especially fo r micro, 
small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs).  
4.28.   The last one pertains to reforms in the area of investment, which is also of great interest to 
our business operators. We welcome the introduction of the Investment Act No.  21 of 2022, aimed 
at transforming the investment landscape by creating a more favourable , friendly, transparent, and 
predictable environment. Certainly, this will further boost the confidence and willingness of foreign 
investors to explore opportunities in  a wide range of sectors with exceptional potential.  
4.29.   In the context of the WTO, Jordan has consistently demonstrated strong support for a 
rules-based multilateral trading system. It continues to align its trade policies and regulations with 
WTO standards. Given that Jordan has already signed the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) 
and recognizes the advantages of fostering trade in information technology products, we strongly 
encourage Jordan to consider joining the ITA Expansion. This step would simplif y access to 
cutting -edge IT products, thereby promoting innovation and technological progress.  
4.30.   Additionally, we acknowledge Jordan's ongoing efforts in the field of procurement reform. 
Jordan obtained its WTO GPA observer status and initiated accession neg otiations in 2000. However, 
the accession process has been dormant for quite a long time. We urge Jordan to consider 
reactivating its participation in the WTO Committee on Government Procurement (GPA), which would 
help reinforce its reforming effort to be in line with the international best practice.  
4.31.   We would like to seize this opportunity to commend the Jordanian WTO Mission for its active 
engagement in the overall WTO activities. In particular, we deeply appreciate Ambassador 's, 
Mr Walid  Obeidat , signifi cant contributions in his role as a coordinator for the Asian  Group of 
Developing Countries (AGDC) for the past two  years.  
4.32.   On a bilateral level, we have maintained positive and enduring relations with Jordan in 
economic and trade affairs. In 2022, our tota l two -way trade reached approximately 
USD 380 million. Our investments in the Jordanian textile industry have significantly contributed to 
the overall export of Jordanian textile products. We are very interested in further intensifying our 
collaborative ef forts with Jordan across all fronts to advance mutually beneficial policy objectives.  
4.33.   In conclusion, we express our appreciation for Jordan's commitment to the Trade Policy 
Review process and wish it every success in this review.  
4.34.   Finally, a llow me to take  this opportunity  to express our deep and sincere  condolence s to 
Morocco for those lives lost during the devastating  earthquake.  We wish all the best for Morocco to 
have a sp eedy recovery and our thoughts will be with all Morocc an people throughout the dif ficult 
process . 
JAPAN  
4.35.   First of all, like other speakers, we extend our deepest condolences to Morocco and its people 
for the deva stating  earthquake . WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.36.   Japan warmly welcomes the delegation of Jordan, headed by 
H.E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade, and Supply and Minister of Labour. 
We are grateful for the WTO Secretariat in preparing the comprehensive reports for today 's Review, 
and I also thank H.E. Dr Omar  Zniber , for his role as the discussant.  
4.37.   We would like to comme nd Jordan in that its GDP has increased by an estimated 2.5 % and 
its goods trade has increased by 28.7 % in 2022, despite the COVID -19 pandemic. Japan would also 
like to note Jordan 's significant contribution to the international community in the fight agai nst the 
pandemic.  Taking this opportunity, I would like to highlight a few points.  
4.38.   First, on the multilateral trading system and the WTO, Jordan has been a Member of the WTO 
since 2000, and we are grateful for its ongoing contributions to strengthening the multilateral trading 
system.  
4.39.   In addition, we would like to commend Jordan for joi ning the ITA and TFA, and for commencing 
the ratification process of the WTO  Agreement  on Fisheries Subsidies. We hope that Jordan will also 
join the Joint Statement Initiatives.  
4.40.   Regarding notifications to the WTO, Jordan had 20  outstanding notifications a s of June  2023. 
We would like to encourage Jordan to implement these notifications as soon as possible.  
4.41.   Second, as regards Jordan 's domestic legislation on trade and investment, Japan notes 
Jordan 's efforts in trade facilitation and reform of the customs l egislation, and the measures it has 
taken to attract foreign investment.  
4.42.   Japan commends Jordan for modernizing customs procedures by stipulating Customs Law 
No. 33 of 2018 and Law No.  10 of 2019 and by establishing the Trade Facilitation Portal, as well as  
for having reduced the number of customs duty categories and lowering tariffs for certain categories.  
4.43.   On trade facilitation, I would also like to highlight that Japan provided grant aid of up to 
JPY 1.7 billion for the project to enhance customs security at Aqaba port in 2019 to improve customs 
security and to facilitate Jordan 's trade.  
4.44.   And on foreign investment, Japan commends Jordan 's efforts for improving the investment 
environment by stipulating the Investment Environment Law No.  21 of 2022, which call s for equal 
treatment of domestic and foreign investors, freedom of capital movement and automation of 
processes. Japan looks forward to Jordan pursuing further liberalization on restrictions of foreign 
investment, such as restrictions on the participation  of foreign capitals.  
4.45.   Third, I would like to give updates on our bilateral relationship , as Japan and Jordan have 
enjoyed friendly and growing bilateral relations for many years. At the beginning of this month, 
former Foreign Minister H ayashi  Yoshimasa vis ited Jordan and had a courtesy call with 
H.E Dr Bisher  Hani Al-Khasawneh, Prime  Minister of Jordan. Former Foreign Minister H ayashi  also 
held the Fourth Japan -Jordan Foreign Ministers ' Strategic Dialogue with H.E. Mr Ayman  Al Safadi, 
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs.  
4.46.   Also, the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) and Jordan Strategy Forum held the 
Japan -Jordan Business Forum in July, which aimed at highlighting the possibility of cooperation in 
Jordan 's new business fields.  
4.47.   We hope that our constructive cooperation will contribute to Jordan 's important role in the 
multilateral trading system.  
4.48.   To conclude, we would like to thank Jordan again for its notable work within and toward s the 
multilateral trading system and the WTO, and we look forward to working with Jordan to achieve 
fruitful results at MC13 next year.  
4.49.   We wish Jordan a successful and productive third Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.50.   On behalf of the European  Union, I would first like to welcome the delegation of Jordan, led 
by H.E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali , Minister of Industry, Trade, and Supply , and  Minister of 
Labour . Our appreciation is extended to the discussant, H.E.  Dr Omar  Zniber , Ambassador of 
Morocco and we would also like to join others in expressing our condolences for the recent 
earthquake.  
4.51.   In a region characterized by chronic instability, Jordan stands out as a stable country which 
has managed to weather the impacts of regional tensions and the global pandemic.  
4.52.   The regional crisis had severe impacts on Jordan's trade performance leading in p articular to 
the loss of many of its traditional export markets such as Syria and Iraq. The recent rise in trade 
volume between Syria and Jordan is due to Syrian and Jordanian decisions to adjust border policies 
and some customs regulations to facilitate t rade.  
4.53.   The EU commends Jordan's resilience in this difficult environment and praises, in particular, 
Jordan's uneasy balancing exercise to respond to the severe exogenous shocks that have disrupted 
its trade routes and affected inward investments.  
4.54.   The EU commends Jordan 's commitment in embarking on a triple moderni zation process: 
(i) moderni zing the political system; (ii)  the Economic Moderni zation Vision and; (iii)  reforming the 
public administration. Jordan 's economic moderni zation remains contingent on identifying 
opportunities to expand the economy 's outward orientation and to implement reforms needed to 
promote private sector -led growth and job creation.  
4.55.   The EU also commends Jordan 's Master Strategy for the Energy Sector 2020 -2030, as it shows 
commitme nt to sustainable energy, developing renewable energy, promoting opening of energy 
markets, encouraging investments in energy infrastructure, regional connectivity, as well as 
improving energy efficiency (maximizing energy consumption/enhancing productivit y), thereby 
contributing to investment incentives in clean energy.  
4.56.   Jordan has carried out a certain number of reforms in recent years aimed at improving the 
trade and investment climate. In particular, the EU acknowledges the restructuring of the customs 
tariffs as part of a comprehensive customs reform, which also includes a review of procedures for 
the purpose of simplifying them. The new Investment Law (2022) and the Investment Promotion 
Strategy have been launched and are expected to contribute to imple ment the ambitious new 
Economic Moderni zation Vision. More recently, the National Export Strategy 2023 -2025, aiming at 
increasing Jordanian exports to various markets, has been launched and an industrial policy 
(2023 -2027) has also been recently announced.   
4.57.   The EU notes with satisfaction the ratification by Jordan of a series of important international 
treaties in the area of protection of IPRs as well as the adoption of related legislation. Jordan has 
also made important efforts in the area of patents.  
4.58.   The EU and Jordan have a strong partnership and with a view to further strengthening our 
solid and multi -faceted relationship, the Partnership Priorities 2021 -2027 have been signed to 
support the implementation of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement.  
4.59.   Trade -for-Development constitutes a key element of the EU -Jordan Partnership Priorities. Job 
creation, supported by the uptick in exports to the EU under the simplified rules of origin scheme 
and accompanying measures, will benefit Jordan. The EU and Jordan will j ointly identify suitable 
approaches to enhance bilateral trade and investment relations. Furthermore, the EU and Jordan 
will work together on SMEs, development, technology and know -how to strengthen bilateral and 
economic ties.  
4.60.   The EU and Jordan have close trade relationship. The EU is Jordan 's second most important 
trading partner. According to our statistics, the value of trade in goods between the EU and Jordan 
increased by over 70% between 2002 - the year the Association Agreement entered into forc e – 
and 2022, reaching EUR 4.8 billion at the end of 2022. There has also been a positive development WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  for trade in services which increased by 5% between 2020 and 2021, from EUR 1.29 billion in 2020 
to EUR 1.36 billion in 2021.  
4.61.   Jordan has been a Member of WTO since 11 April 2000. The current rate of implementation 
notifications of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement's commitments stands at 100% with a 
timeframe spanning from February  2017 to December  2022. However, the Category  C commitments 
do not show an y progress up to date.  
4.62.   We appreciate Jordan 's membership of the Information Technology Agreement. Jordan 
currently holds observer status in the Committee on Government Procurement and we invite it to 
open negotiations for accession to the Agreement on Gove rnment Procurement. We also invite 
Jordan to consider joining other plurilateral agreements, including the Joint Initiative on Investment 
Facilitation for Development.  
4.63.   Two additional issues to be taken forward in support of enhanced trade opportunities.  
4.64.   We invite Jordan to continue raising awareness on the simplified Rules of Origin Scheme, 
signed with the EU in 2018, and to seize its full potential for growth and job creation.   
4.65.   The EU would also like to take the opportunity to commend the Agadir Agreement member 
countries, including Jordan, for the positive developments on customs cooperation, trade facilitation 
and the accession of the Lebanese  Republic  and Palestine . Jordan has  also a role to play in the 
political redirection and technical consolidation of this Agreement.  
4.66.   We would like to thank Jordan for the responses to the questions we have previously 
submitted in writing.  
4.67.   On behalf of the EU, I look forward to a constructiv e exchange of views during this review. 
I wish Jordan delegation the utmost success during its Trade Policy Review.  
ARGENTINA  
4.68.   We would first like to join in extending our condolences to Morocco and its people.  
4.69.   We welcome the delegation of Jordan led by H. E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of 
Trade, Industry and Supply and Minister of Labour, and we would like to take this opportunity to 
wish them every success in this Trade Policy Review.  
4.70.   At the same time, we would like to express our appreciation f or the reports prepared by Jordan 
and the Secretariat, as well as the valuable comments from Ambassador Zniber of Morocco. They 
have helped to enrich our understanding of Jordan's policies, trade practices and economic 
environment.  
4.71.   We are pleased to note t he substantial increase in trade between our nations over the last 
decade. During this period, Argentina has established itself as Jordan's second largest trading 
partner in Latin America. In 2022, Argentine exports totalled over USD  300 million, while imp orts of 
Jordanian goods into Argentina amounted to USD  26.1 million.  
4.72.   As regards the composition of bilateral trade, in 2022, Argentina's main exports to Jordan 
were residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal fodder; and cereals. During th e 
same year, Argentina's main import from Jordan was fertilizer.  
4.73.   We recognize that trade is still below its potential level and hope that we can make progress 
in strengthening our trade relations through the increase and diversification of exports in strat egic 
sectors, such as agriculture. We strongly believe that there are many untapped opportunities which 
would benefit our production sectors.  
4.74.   With this in mind, Argentina will be grateful for the restoration of access for exports of poultry 
meat and poultr y products from across Argentina, having declared itself free from highly pathogenic 
avian influenza on 7  August  2023, as published by the World Organisation for Animal Health on WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
- 18 - 
 
  16 August. Argentina is also working on obtaining recognition for its zoning system for highly 
pathogenic avian influenza.  
4.75.   During the review period, Jordan has faced a number of economic challenges. However, it 
should be noted that, despite these difficulties, the country has demonstrated remarkable resilience 
and a steadfast commitment to implementing a series of reforms and policies to strengthen its 
economy and enhance its competitiveness.  
4.76.   Jordan, like Argentina, supports the rules -based multilateral trading system. As a nation it is 
an active participant within th is Organization, and we are hopeful that that its involvement in WTO 
activities and bodies will continue to grow.  
4.77.   We also wish to take this opportunity to reiterate our intention to work together with Jordan 
and all other Members in reforming this Organiza tion, and aspire to strengthen its ability to address 
current and future challenges in international trade, by creating a fairer multilateral trading system 
that can meet the needs of developing countries.  
4.78.   We would also like to take this opportunity to rei terate our intention to forge closer ties with 
Jordan, based on the principles of South -South cooperation, such as equality, solidarity and 
complementarity.  
4.79.   Lastly, as part of this Trade Policy Review, we have submitted a series of questions to Jordan 
on its priorities in the run -up to the forthcoming Ministerial Conference, the new Ministry of 
Investment and the Trade Facilitation Portal, among other issues. We thank Jordan in advance for 
its replies.  
4.80.   In addition to reiterating our appreciation of this ren ewed opportunity to exchange comments 
on Jordan's trade practices, we would like to draw attention once again to the importance of this 
exercise in transparency from every point of view, and wish the Jordanian authorities a successful 
conclusion to this re view. 
UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.81.   I would like to warmly welcome the delegation of Jordan here to Geneva today, led by our 
friend Mr  Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, for what is their third Trade Policy Review. We also extend 
our thanks to you Chair for leading this review, and to Ambassador H.E.  Mr Omar  Zniber, for acting 
as the discussant for this event.  
4.82.   We want to also echo the sentiment of condolence to Mo rocco for the recent devastating 
earthquake which impacted de country.  
4.83.   Since Jordan 's last Review at the WTO a new Association Agreement between the UK and 
Jordan has entered into force in 2021, supporting our bilateral trade. This Agreement has already 
born clear fruits, with the UK and Jordan 's trading relationship growing and worth GBP 1 billion over 
the last year.  
4.84.   We look forward to developing this relationship further and had the opportunity to do so with 
the UK Foreign Secretary 's visit to Jordan in July, where he enjoyed warm and productive meetings 
with King  Abdullah  II and Foreign Minister Safadi.  
4.85.   Turning to the previous Jordan Trade Policy Review in 2015, Jordan noted the steps forward 
that had been taken on liberali zing Jordan 's investment regime . The actions that Jordan has since 
taken to build on this foundation are strongly welcomed by the UK, notably the establishment of the 
Ministry of Investment in 2021, the Investment Law of 2022, and the development of the "One-Stop 
Window " for all investm ent authori zations.  
4.86.   We also welcome the other constructive steps taken by Jordan over the last review period. 
The Economic Modernization Vision 2033 issued last year sets out ambitious goals for the 
development of Jordan in terms of growth, quality of lif e, competitiveness, prosperity , and 
sustainability.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.87.   Its success will depend significantly on Jordan 's ability to attract more foreign direct 
investment and to grow its exports. As the UK has an FDI stock of GBP 6.6 billion in Jordan, we plan 
to be a strong contributor to the Vision.  
4.88.   The implementation work which Jordan has done on the Trade Facilitation Agreement, 
particularly launching the Trade Facilitation Portal in 2021, has also been a welcome step towards 
facilitation and access for traders. Although the UK benefits from our own Association Agreement, 
we nonetheless commend the steps taken by Jordan to simplify their tariff system, reducing the 
number of tariff brackets and bound rates, and encourage all furthe r moves towards improved access 
for traders.  
4.89.   Textile products remain one of the leading export commodities within the Jordanian economy. 
They also maintain great cultural significance. I would like to suggest that that just as ancestral 
Jordanian weaving cannot be done alone, but relies on the careful cooperation and coordination of 
many hands, so Jordan 's future prosperity relies upon taking further steps towards embracing a 
cooperative and open trading economy.  
4.90.   I would also like to thank Jordan for the openness and cooperation it showed in its responses 
to our questions regarding the success of economic measures designed to enhance women 's 
participation in the labour market. The rate of female economic participation in Jordan is one of the 
lowest in the world and increasing this significantly will be an essential part of delivering on Jordan 's 
ambitions for growing its economy, trade, and jobs.  
4.91.   The Foreign Secretary had the opportunity to discuss these ambitions with the Chair of the 
Inter-Ministerial Co mmittee on Women 's Empowerment and Civil Society during his visit to Jordan, 
and we look forward to following the successful implementation of the 2023 -2025 Executive Plan for 
the National Strategy for Women in Jordan.  
4.92.   If the last 100 years of friendship b etween our two countries can offer any lessons, it is that 
we have this same spirit of close cooperation to thank for how closely we have remained bounded 
together. I would like to thank Jordan for their full cooperation with this Trade Policy Review , expr ess 
gratitude for their responses to our advanced written questions , and look forward to the next century 
of our friendship.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.93.   On behalf of the United  States , I am pleased to participate in Jordan 's third Trade Policy 
Review and extend a warm welcome to the  delegation, led by Minister Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali , 
and Ambassador Walid  Obeidat . 
4.94.   Jordan's economy has faced many external and internal challenges during the period under 
review, from the economic shutdown due to the pandemic to closed borders from prolonged regional 
geo-political conflicts , and most recently food and energy price disru ptions resulting following 
Russian  Federation's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine.  These shocks have resulted in a mounting 
fiscal burden and contributed to anemic growth pressures resulting in the slowing of economic 
growth.  
4.95.   Notwithstanding its difficulties,  the Government and citizens of Jordan have hosted over 
1.5 million people displaced by regional conflicts. We would like to take the opportunity to recognize 
and commend Jordan for such incredible generosity in the face of adversity.  
4.96.   I also want to commen d Jordan on women empowerment and inclusivity that the Minister 
described and others have mentioned.  
4.97.   As a WTO Member, Jordan has strongly supported WTO principles by ratifying the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement in 2017 and subsequently amending its customs l aws. Jordan has also 
eliminated consularization practices and dismantled its export subsidy program. Recently, Jordan 
revised its patent protection regime to align with its international obligations and has already met 
most WTO TFA obligations. The United  States applauds these efforts and will assist where possible 
in implementing any remaining TFA commitments.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.98.   The United  States is working to support Jordan's development through enhancing our bilateral 
trade relationship. In 2000, we signed a free trade agr eement that has achieved significant and 
extensive liberalization and eliminated all tariff and non -tariff barriers to bilateral trade in virtually 
all industrial goods and agricultural products. After Jordan's access to some traditional markets were 
tempo rarily disrupted, the U.S. and Jordan worked together to expand Jordan's competitiveness by 
identifying new market opportunities through bilateral trade reform assistance programming.  
4.99.   There is great potential in Jordan 's economy, and it is critical that Jordan therefore continues 
to prioritize economic reforms. Many of the questions we posed in this review reflect our desire to 
encourage Jordan to increase transparency and predictability in its administration of its trading 
regime in order to attract  commercial engagement and foreign investment.  
4.100.   For example, we seek clarity on how Jordan manages its trade remedy procedures. We also 
note that Jordan in the last 10  years has not notified a technical regulation or standard. This same 
lapse extends to not ifications to the Committee on Agriculture. Additionally, we seek to better 
understand some customs and border procedures, from paper documentation and import licensing 
requirements to testing and inspection procedures.  
4.101.   Also, robust intellectual property protection and enforcement are important to driving 
investment and economic growth.  We believe that Jordan, in general, has a strong regime for 
protecting IP and would welcome the opportunity to discuss its implementation of the 
Marrakesh  Treaty to facilit ate the access to public works for persons who are blind, visually impaired, 
or otherwise print disabled.  
4.102.   In closing, Jordan has shown that integration with the international trading system is an 
important element of its overall economic growth strategy an d views the WTO as the critical tool for 
achieving this integration. We would like to commend Jordan for being one of the few developing 
countries negotiating accession to the Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement. We are, 
of course, willing to work with you to advance that process and more broadly to strengthen and 
deepen our trade relationship.  
4.103.   Before ending, I would like to join others in expressing our sincere condolences to Morocco 
for the losses suffered from the recent earthquake.  
CHINA  
4.104.   China would like to extend our warm welcome to the delegation of Jordan, led by 
H.E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, to this TPR meeting. I would also like to thank the Government 
of Jordan and the Secretariat for their preparation of this meeting and the dis cussant Ambassador 
Mr Omar  Zniber (Morocco) for his insightful remarks.  
4.105.   China  commends Jordan 's economic resilience and stability during  the review period despite 
the multiple external challenges, including C OVID -19 pandemic, food insecurity, regional ter rorism, 
etc. In 2022, tourism income witnessed a year -on-year growth of 110%, surpassing the 
pre-pandemic level. Goods export also expanded by 33.8% over 2021. These positive developments 
collectively contributed to the sustainability of public debt and foreign exchange reserve.  
4.106.   We commend Jordan's efforts and achievement on further liberalizing trade and investment 
regime, for example, through the Econom ic Modernization Vision  2030 and Investment 
Environmental Law. Notably, Jordan 's total investment volume exhibited a 49.1% increase during 
the first quarter of 2023.  
4.107.   We encourage Jordan to continue liberalize its trade and investment regime. In this contex t, 
China wishes to draw Jordan attention to the Investment Facilitation for Development initiative 
(IFD), a multilateral -oriented initiative with development at its heart. The IFD agreement contains 
a set of rules to facilitate the flow of foreign direct i nvestment, aiming to help participating Members 
create a more transparent, efficient , and investment -friendly business climate. Now, more than 
110 WTO Members have offered their support to the IFD. We hope Jordan could actively consider 
joining this initia tive.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.108.   China appreciates Jordan 's contribution to the WTO and rule s-based multilateral trading 
system. Jordan has been actively participating in various WTO activities. In this regard, I would like 
to particularly express my sincere appreciation to Ambassa dor Walid  Obeidat for his hard work and 
dedication, especially his role as AGDC coordinator in the past two years.  
4.109.   China also acknowledges Jordan 's effort on aligning its trade policies and regulations with 
WTO rules since its accession. As mentioned by th e Government Report, its WTO membership has 
played a pivotal role in shaping its trade policies, fostering transparency, and facilitating integration 
into the global economy. Particularly, during the C OVID -19 crisis, Jordan refrained from imposing 
protecti ve measures despite the multiple challenges.  
4.110.   On the bilateral front, China and Jordan share close economic ties, underpinned by rapidly 
growing two -way trade and investment flow. In 2022, the total trade volume between China and 
Jordan reached USD 6.5 billion, 46.3% more than last year, and Jordan 's export to China soared 
75.1% to USD 740 million. In addition, in 2022, Jordan attracted more than USD 45 million direct 
investment from China, recording a 124% year -on-year growth.  
4.111.   Looking ahead, China is confident that our bilateral economic cooperation will be further 
enhanced. China and Arab countries, including Jordan, have built a variety of cooperative 
mechanisms, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and China -Arab States Cooperation Forum. 
In Decembe r 2022, the first China -Arabic States Summit was held in Riyadh. China 's 
President  XI Jinping attended the summit in person and put forward  Eight Major Cooperation 
Initiatives, including  development support, food security, public health, green innovation, energy 
security, inter -civilizational dialogue, youth development, and security and stability.  
4.112.   For the purpose of this review, Chi na has submitted written  questions in areas such as SPS , 
custom procedures , rules of origin, import licensing , etc. We greatl y appreciate Jordan  for the timely  
responses  to our questions. We also notice that Jordan has some unfulfilled notifications on 
agriculture, IP, market access and services. We hope these obligations could be met as soon as 
possible, with appropriate techni cal assistance and capacity building from the Secretariat, if needed.  
4.113.   In conclusion, I wish them a very successful TPR.  
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA ON BEHALF OF THE ARAB GROUP  
4.114.   Before I start, I would like to offer our deepest sympathy and condolences to our brothers 
and sisters in Morocco and Libya for the unfortunate and devastating disasters in the last two weeks.  
4.115.   On behalf of the Arab Group, I would like to extend a very war m welcome to the distinguished 
delegation of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan headed by H.E.  Mr Yousef  Al-Shamali, Minister of 
Industry, Trade, and Supply,  and Minister of Labour.  
4.116.   We thank our brothers in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the WTO Secretar iat for 
their detailed and comprehensive Trade Policy Review Reports. We also thank the discussant 
H.E. Mr Omar  Zniber, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Morocco to the WTO for his 
insightful remarks.  
4.117.   The Arab Group commends the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for the significant 
improvement to its trade and investment regimes, including tariff and investment framework. 
The real GDP growth of the Kingdom averaged 1.6% in 2022 although, like the rest of the world, 
the Kingdom 's economy faced some challe nges due to the pandemic. However, these challenges 
were efficiently mitigated by the adoption of strong measures taken by the Government.  
4.118.   The Arab  Group would like to praise the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for its first Climate 
Change National Adaptation Plan, the Government's Economic Priorities Program, the new 
Investment Environment Law, the reform of the tax system, the Cabinet approval of the major 
customs reform, the improvement of patent protection regime, the National Agricultural 
Development Strat egy and the Master Strategy for the Energy Sector.  
4.119.   We also praise the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for enabling the private sector to create 
jobs for Jordanians; stimulating local and foreign investments; and increasing national exports of WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  goods and service s. The Economic Priorities Program (EPP) is based on three pillars: improving the 
business and investment environment; enhancing competition and increasing employment; and 
supporting priority sectors (tourism, IT, agriculture, and industry).  
4.120.   We congratulat e the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for its Economic Modernization Vision 
aiming to enhance growth and quality of life by creating 1 million new jobs; improving the Kingdom's 
ranking on global competitiveness, environment, prosperity and sustainability indexes; and 
expanding into high value -added service and industrial sectors.  
4.121.   Moreover, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is to be commended for being committed to 
the rules -based multilateral trading system and for its active participations in  the WTO negotiations.  
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA  
4.122.   I would like to say a few words about the relations between the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia 
and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia and the Hashemite Kingdom 
of Jordan are not only neighbours  enjoying brotherly outstanding relations that supported by shared 
membership in the Arab  League and the OIC, but they are prominent trading partners. Trade 
exchange between the two countrie s exceeded SAR 16 billion in 2021. Moreover, Saudi -Jordanian 
Business Council remains very active in paving the way for closer economic cooperation and 
generating valuable business opportunities between the two countries.  
4.123.   Before I conclude, I would like to  thank H.E.  Mr Walid  Obeidat , Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to the WTO and his distinguished team for the 
excellent cooperation between our two missions here in Geneva which excellently serves our trade 
interest s. 
4.124.   To conclude, we wish our brothers and sisters in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan a very 
successful Trade Policy Review.  
BRAZIL  
4.125.   First, we would like to extend our condolences to the victims of Morocco and their families.  
4.126.   Secondly, Brazil thanks Jordan f or submitting information about its trade and economy in 
the Trade Policy Review , as well as  the work done by the Secretariat of the WTO to support Jordan 
to make this exercise possible. It  is a very important exercise of transparency, which Brazil values.  
4.127.   We also are grateful to Jordan for answering our questions, which will be submitted to Brasilia 
for further and more technical analysis, especially regarding SPS.  
4.128.   Brazil is working towards more integration into the Middle  East, which includes Jordan. Brazil 
imports from Jordan increased 2,186% in a five -year period from 2017 to 2022. However, it  is far 
from our potential. The reason why it  is important for our countries to keep working on di fficulties 
we are already facing in our trade, not only for more growth in an equitable way, but also 
diversification.  
4.129.   Most of our exports are still concentrated in a few  products. That  is what brings us here 
today. Brazil would like to  comprehend some poi nts in Jordan's trade and domestic policy , as to 
make it possible to cooperate and work together with Jordan on a multilateral and bilateral 
development agenda from which both nations could benefit.  
TÜRK İYE 
4.130.   We welcome the delegation of Jordan headed by H. E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali 
Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply , and Minister of Labour.   
4.131.   We thank the Secretariat and the Government of Jordan for their detailed reports , and for 
the answers provided from the Government to our questio ns; as well as  discussant Ambassador 
Omar  Zniber of Morocco for his invaluable remarks.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.132.   I would like to join others to extend our heartfelt condolences to the people of Morocco for 
the devastating earthquake.  
4.133.   We also thank Jordan for the answers provided to o ur questions.  
4.134.   We commend the steps that were undertaken during the review period to change Jordan 's 
trade and investment regimes, including through a tariff reform and a new investment framework.  
4.135.   Türkiye welcomes Jordan 's adoption of Law 2022/21 which intr oduces new investor -friendly 
mechanisms and enhances the digitalization and automatization of procedures.   
4.136.   We also believe that Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision will transform the entire 
economic environment in the country.  
4.137.   As highlighted in the repo rts, the services sector remains the main contributor to GDP.   
4.138.   Jordan has big potential in sectors such as transportation, education, healthcare, tourism, 
contracting and construction among others; and Türkiye is keen on boosting cooperation with Jordan 
in such areas.  
4.139.   Our trade volume exceeded USD 1 billion last year despite global and regional challenges. 
We aim to build on this momentum and further increase bilateral trade.  
4.140.   Deputy Prime  Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Jordan paid an official v isit to Ankara 
to meet our Minister of Foreign Affairs in July this year. In their meeting, they discussed bilateral 
relations and exchanged views to further develop economic relations.  
4.141.   We consider that it will be useful to convene a Joint Economic Commission meeting in order 
to discuss at length our economic relations. We also believe that visits of business delegations can 
prove beneficial.  
4.142.   We hope that we will further deepen our relations in every possible field.  
4.143.   In conclusion, we would like to ta ke this opportunity to thank our friend Ambassador 
Walid  Obeidat and  Permanent  Mission of Jordan to the WTO for the excellent preparation for this 
review.  
4.144.   We wish Jordan a successful Trade Policy Review.  
MAURITIUS  
4.145.   Mauritius welcomes the delegation of Jordan led by H .E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali , 
Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply of Jordan for this third Trade Policy Review.  We thank the 
discussant, H .E. Mr Omar  Zniber of Morocco for his informative remarks.  
4.146.    Mauritius commends Jor dan for its June  2022 Economic Modernization Vision and earlier for 
coming up with its Economic Priorities Program (EPP) 2021 -2023 which aims at prioritizing key 
business environment reforms activating Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and financing in ke y 
sectors for investment and job creation.  
4.147.   Similar to Mauritius, Jordan is an economy highly dependent on international trade and also 
faces challenges posed by climate change.  
4.148.   We note Jordan 's active participation in the WTO and especially the move towards lower 
average tariff as well as improved intellectual property protection.  
4.149.   The notable changes to its s trade and investment are deeply welcomed including through a 
tariff reform and a new investment framework and we hope that Jordan will cope with the 
outstanding WTO notifications in due course.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.150.   Mauritius exports mainly sugar to Jordan and imports some raw materials as well as 
consumer goods.  
4.151.   Mauritius is actively engaging with countries i n Asia and the Middle  East to unlock trade and 
investment potentials.  
4.152.   In this regard we look forward to considering  appropriate mechanisms to step up our 
engagement both with the Government Authorities and the private sector of Jordan. Mauritius is 
strate gically located between the Asian and African continents, being part of the latter, and could 
serve as an appropriate platform for Jordan investors targeting the African continent . 
4.153.   Mauritius  ambitions for our two countries to establish closer links through  their trade 
promotion bodies in order to identify any business possibilities with a view to exploiting the existing 
trade potential, enhance trade ties and bilateral investment flows.  
4.154.   We wish Jordan a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
OMAN ON BEHALF OF  THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (GCC)  
4.155.   It is a great pleasure to participate in the third Trade Policy Review of Jordan and deliver this 
statement on behalf of the Member States of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). I wish to extend 
a warm welcome to H.E . Mr Yousef  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade, and Supply and Minister 
of Labour  of Jordan and his distinguished delegation.  
4.156.   I would like to take this opportunity to thank our brothers in Jordan and the WTO  Secretariat 
for their detailed and comprehensi ve Trade Policy Review reports. I also thank the discussant 
H.E. Mr Omar  Zniber, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Morocco to the United Nations 
and other International Organizations in Geneva, for his pertinent remarks . We would like to express 
our deep condolences and solidarity with Morocco due to the recent earthquake.  
4.157.   The GCC fully associates itself by the statement delivered by the delegation of the Kingdom 
of Saudi  Arabia on behalf of the Arab  Group.  
4.158.   The GCC and Jordan enjoy a brotherly friendly relationship supported by shared membership 
within the Arab  League. The geographical proximity between our countries is one of the most 
prominent factors in the success of their trade as well as their close political relations.  
4.159.   The Jord an-Gulf Cooperation Council Economic Forum was established with the aim of 
extending economic relations. According to statistics in 2021, the value of trade between Jordan and 
GCC reached USD 6.6 billion. Jordanian exports to the GCC were worth USD 1.7 billion of that total, 
while Jordan's imports accounted for USD 4.9 billion.  
4.160.   Despite double challenges faced by Jordan during the review period , the GCC commend 
Jordan for its Economic Modernization Vision 2030 which aims to comprehensive development, 
sustai nable economic growth, and an improved quality of life.  
4.161.   Jordan should also be commended for the important changes applied to its trade and 
investment regimes by adoption of a new investment framework and the progress towards critical 
fiscal structural refo rms, through a major customs reform over 2022 -2028.  
4.162.   The COVID -19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Jordanian economy in 2020. Despite 
the challenges it has faced, Jordan's economy has shown resilience and has grown in recent years. 
The outlook for the Jordanian economy is positive.  
4.163.   We are glad to note that economic reforms continued throughout this period and focused on 
increasing efficiency and inclusiveness. Measures to improve efficiency included several steps on 
trade and investment facilitatio n, the volume of total investments benefiting from the Investment 
Environment Law has exhibited a substantial increase during the first quarter of the current year, 
soaring by 49.1%.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.164.   Such efforts resulted in improving Jordan rankings in several world and regional indicators. 
It is considered as one of the freest economies in the Middle East and North Africa region. Jordan is 
one of the four countries from the MENA region that accounted for almost half of the region's reforms. 
Jordan experienced a remarkabl e jump of 29  ranks in the ease of doing business ranking.  
4.165.   Jordan has made significant strides in improving its business climate, earning a spot among 
the top 10  global improvers in the World  Bank's 2020 business rankings. The country's first -time 
classifi cation as a top business climate reformer in the MENA region is attributed to three major 
reforms: including ease of doing business, financial competence, stability, and attraction of foreign 
direct investment  (FDI).  
4.166.   Jordan is strongly committed to the ru les-based multilateral trading system and actively 
participates in the WTO negotiations.  
4.167.   I would like to seize this opportunity to say a few words on behalf of the delegation of Oman.  
4.168.   Relations between the Sultanate of Oman and Jordan assume significance due to their 
deep-rooted historical ties. The ties gave impetus to education and knowledge sharing between the 
two countries.  
4.169.   During the last meeting in July  2023 the Omani -Jordanian Joint Committee, saw the signing 
of several memoranda of understanding and executive progr ams in the fields of industrial cities, 
youth, environment, consumer protection , and educational cooperation.  
4.170.   The volume of trade exchange between the Sultanate of Oman and Jordan during the 
year 2022 amounted to about USD 127.6  million. The value of expo rts from the Sultanate of Oman 
to Jordan amounted to USD 57.4 million in the same year.  
4.171.   The most important Omani exports to the Jordanian market are iron products, natural gas, 
polyethylene products and others, while Jordanian imports to the Omani market include 
pharmaceutical products, vegetables, fruits, jewellery , meat and food products.  
4.172.   In the end, I would like to thank H.E.  Mr Walid  Obeidat, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of Jordan to the United Nations and other International Organizations in Geneva, and 
his distinguished team for the excellent cooperation between our two missions here in Geneva, which 
serve our mutual interests.  
4.173.   To conclude, on behalf of GCC delegations, I wish the delegation of Jordan a very successful 
third Trade Policy Review.  
YEMEN  
4.174.   My delegation allies itself with statement made by the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia on behalf of 
the Arab  Group. We deliver this in our national capacity.  
4.175.   My delegation extend a warm welcome to the brotherly delegation of the Hashemite Kingdom 
of Jordan, led by H.E.  Mr Yousef  Al-Shamali , Minister of Industry, Trade, and Supply and Minster of 
Labour . We also thank the discussant H.E.  Mr Omar  Zniber, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of Morocco to the WTO for his remarks.  We also renew our deep condolences to 
Morocco for the devastating earthquake.  
4.176.   The Republic of Yemen takes the floor to congratulate the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on 
the occasion of its Review at the WTO. Yemen praises Jordan for major investment project s have 
been implemented in recent years. In the meantime, the Government continued to pursue reforms 
for macroeconomic stability, as well as promoting economic diversification through increased 
participation of the private sector and foreign investment. We  also praise Jordan for the significant 
efforts in implementing trade -economic policies to promote economic growth, attract foreign 
investment, and enhance its position in the global market . 
4.177.   Yemen welcome s, Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision 2030 aimin g to enhance, over 
a 10-year period, growth, and quality of life by creating 1 million new jobs; improving Jordan's WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  ranking on global competitiveness, environment, prosperity, and sustainability. In line with its 
economic modernization vision, we commend J ordan for introducing the Investment Law No.  21 
of 2022, which aims to provide a supportive environment for existing investments and attract new 
foreign investments.  
4.178.   Jordan is an active participant in the activities of the WTO, as well as in different area s of 
negotiations. The proactive efforts made it possible to highly involve in the WTO multilateral trade 
negotiations.  
4.179.   We wish the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan every success in its objectives, as well as on its 
Review.  
KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN  
4.180.   Allow me to begin  by renewing our heartfelt condolences to H .E. Ambassador of Morocco and 
the Moroccan people for the devastating impacts of the  earthquake.  
4.181.   The Kingdom  of Bahrain  is delighted to participate in the third Trade Policy Review of Jordan , 
and would like to warmly welcome H.E.  Mr Yousef  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply 
and the Ministry of Labour , and H.E.  Mr Walid  Obeidat Ambassador and Permanent Representative 
of Jordan to the WTO and  wish them and their delegation a very successful Review.  
4.182.   We would also like to thank the Government of Jordan, the Permanent Mission of Jordan in 
Geneva and the WTO Secretariat for their efforts in preparing the detailed reports. We also thank 
the discussant, H.E.  Mr Omar  Zniber, Ambassador and Permanent Repres entative of Morocco for his 
insightful remarks.  
4.183.   Jordan has always been an important partner of the Kingdom  of Bahrain , sharing a strong 
and long -standing economic relationship. We are therefore delighted to see all the positive 
transformations and economic  growth mentioned in the Report. This of course comes after Jordan 
made significant strides during the period under review.  
4.184.   We are pleased that the Report highlights Jordan 's launch of the Economic Modernization 
Vision which aims to enhance growth and qua lity of life by creating 1 million new jobs; improving 
Jordan 's ranking on global competitiveness, environment, prosperity, and sustainability indexes, as 
well as expanding into high value -added service and industrial sectors.  
4.185.   I cannot conclude this statem ent without highlighting the Jordan 's role as a long -standing 
and strong supporter of the WTO and the multilateral trading system with its consistent active and 
constructive participation in the multilateral discussions within the WTO.  
4.186.   Finally, we would li ke to thank once again the discussant for his   remarks and active 
discussion and the Jordanian Government and WTO Secretariat for their tireless efforts in preparing 
the detailed reports, and wish our brothers in Jordan once again a very successful Review.  
TUNISI A 
4.187.   My delegation is pleased to be participating in the third Trade Policy Review of Jordan and 
would like to extend a warm welcome to H.E.  Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, 
Trade and Supply, and to the delegation accompanying him from Amman and Geneva. We 
congratulate him on his efforts to summarize and analyse the information provided so as to give us 
a comprehensive picture of the economic situation and trade policy of his country.  
4.188.   I also wish to thank H.E.  Ambas sador Omar  Zniber for the insightful remarks that he made 
in his presentation, and we once again extend our deepest condolences to him, as well as 
congratulating the Secretariat on the thorough report that it has submitted to us for this review.  
4.189.   Firstly, w e would like to commend the foresight of Jordan's policy, which has drawn on the 
country's rich heritage and the many remnants of its great civilizations to make this fellow country 
a haven of peace and development in the Middle East, despite the tensions there and the unstable 
regional environment.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.190.   Short of natural resources and farmland, Jordan has relied on openness to foreign trade and 
an investor -friendly business climate to build a resilient economy. This was raised in the reports, 
demonstrating that,  despite a review period where polycrisis loomed large, Jordan has been able to 
keep inflation at a reasonable average of 1.9% and maintain positive real GDP growth (1.6%), 
thanks in particular to the effective monetary and fiscal measures implemented.  
4.191.   In this regard, we commend Jordan's ambitious Economic Modernization Vision announced 
in June  2022, which aims to enhance competitiveness and quality of life, deliver more sustainable 
growth and create one  million new jobs, including to redress the structu ral balance affecting the 
employability of young female workers.  
4.192.   The broad range of reform and modernization programmes, such as the National Strategy 
for Women 2020 -2025, the ongoing customs reform and the Amman Vision 2050 Climate Plan, 
implemented in or der to address the country's vulnerability to climate change, also reflect the 
flexibility and adaptability of public governance in Jordan.  
4.193.   Furthermore, Jordan has been an active player in the WTO since its accession and has 
ensured that it is fulfilling i ts notification commitments and opening up to multilateral and regional 
trade agreements. We therefore applaud the progress made by Jordan in implementing the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement ratified in 2017 and the incentives and benefits provided under the 
Investment Law to all parties without discrimination.  
4.194.   Tunisia very much appreciates its excellent fraternal and long -standing relations with Jordan, 
based on trust, mutual respect and a commitment to promote trade.  
4.195.   Building upon a legal framework of treati es and legal instruments covering the various 
aspects of bilateral cooperation, our two countries are working together to ensure the continuity of 
consultations and high -level visits between the two countries. The most recent official visits, by 
His Majest y King Abdallah ben Al Hussein to Tunisia in March  2019, and by the late Tunisian 
President, Béji Caïd Essebsi, to the Kingdom in March  2017, proved ideal opportunities to boost 
bilateral cooperation.  
4.196.   The development of cooperation is monitored by the Join t Tunisian -Jordanian High 
Commission, which will hold its tenth session in Amman from 27 to 29  November  2023 and will run 
alongside Tunisian Product Week.  
4.197.   In addition, and as a result of the increased participation of Jordanian women in the 
economy, a dele gation of pioneering Arab Maghreb businesswomen from Tunisia visited Jordan in 
March  2023. In recent years, there has also been regular participation in events organized in both 
countries to promote trade.  
4.198.   Therefore, and despite the repercussions of the pa ndemic, trade between the two countries 
increased by more than 60% to around USD  40 million in 2022, and the two countries are 
determined to strengthen and consolidate this cooperation in all areas of common interest, such as 
tourism, agriculture, and tech nologies.  
4.199.   Before concluding, we would like to congratulate our brother, Ambassador Walid Obeidat, 
and his excellent team, for his active involvement in the activities of the WTO and our Arab group.  
4.200.   Lastly, we wish Jordan a very successful Trade Policy Revi ew. 
INDIA  
4.201.   At the outset, we join other delegations and extend our deepest  condolences to the Kingdom 
of Morocco over the loss in devastating earthquake.   
4.202.   Coming to the Trade Policy Review, I would like to extend a very warm welcome to the 
delegation of Jor dan led by H.E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali Minister of Industry, Trade, and 
Supply , and  Minister of Labour . India is pleased to be a part of the  third Trade Policy Review of 
Jordan today. My delegation would further, like to commend the Government of Jordan , the 
Permanent Mission of Jordan in Geneva led by H.E. Mr Walid  Obeidat Ambassador, Permanent WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  Representative to the WTO , and the WTO Secretariat for  their comprehensive reports . We also thank 
the discussant Ambassador H.E.  Mr Omar  Zniber of Morocco  for his insightful remarks.  
4.203.   India enjoys warm relations with Jordan . Regular high -level exchanges at Head of State, 
Head of Government and Ministerial leve l, have laid out a robust road map for strengthening 
partnership between our two countries. India and Jordan enjoy a multifaceted relationship as is 
evident through various  institutional dialogue mechanisms, in the fields of science and technology, 
busines s and investment, as well as the Trade and Economic Joint Committee. Over the years, 
bilateral trade has grown rapidly despite global economic downturn with India emerging as Jordan 's 
fourth  largest trading partner in 2022. In 2022 -23, India -Jordan bilateral trade was valued at all 
time high of US D 4.425  billion recording an exceptional growth of 63% over last year. India's exports 
to Jordan stand at US D 2,135  million with an annual growth of 140%. A  number of Indian companies 
have invested in Jordan , including in the area  of garments, chemicals and fertilizers. Educational 
and Cultural exchanges further enhance people to people interactions including training and capacity 
building efforts through ITEC and ICCR scholarships. Our interaction with Jorda n in multilateral fora 
has fostered better understanding on mutual concerns and priorities.  
4.204.   During the period under review, Jordan has been negatively impacted by a range of external 
geo-political stresses, COVID -19 pandemic and consequent global economic crisis. However, despite 
these challenges, the Jordanian economy has demonstrated a comeback and an upward growth in 
real GDP from 2.2%, in 2021, driven by supportive fiscal and monetary policies, to an estimated 
2.5% and 2.7% in 2022 and 2023 respectively .  
4.205.   As noted in the Secretariat Report, during the review period, some trade -related laws or 
other legal instruments have been issued, amended , or revised like customs procedures, import 
prohibitions, restrictions, and licensing, standards and technical req uirements, sanitary and 
phytosanitary requirements, IPRs to name a few. Further, my delegation is happy to note that in 
October  2020, Jordan launched its Economic Priorities Program 2021 -2023 with the aim of enabling 
the private sector to create jobs for J ordanians; stimulating local and foreign investments; and 
increasing national exports of goods and services. We also note that in June  2022, Jordan's Economic 
Modernization Vision was announced, aiming to enhance, over a 10 -year period, growth and quality 
of life by creating 1  million new jobs; improve Jordan's ranking on global competitiveness, 
environment, prosperity, and sustainability indexes; and expand into high value -added services and 
industrial sectors. We note that Jordan continues to take make st rides towards strengthening its 
economy, make its trade regime more resilient, transparent and predictable however, high 
unemployment rate, stagnant productivity growth, labour market imbalances, and reliance on a few 
industries pose challenges that need t o be addressed.  
4.206.   We are committed to unleashing the full potential of our bilateral trade, investment and 
development partnership for the benefit of our two peoples. With these words, my delegation would 
like to wish Jordan a successful Trade Policy Review.  
MOROCCO 
4.207.   I would like to thank those delegations that wished to express their solidarity and compassion 
following the violent earthquake that has plunged my country into mourning. We welcome Minister 
Youssef Al -Shamali and the members of his delegat ion and express our gratitude to the Government 
of Jordan and the WTO Secretariat for their relevant reports and to Ambassador Walid Obeidat and 
his team for their continued cooperation.  
4.208.   Our thanks also go to the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador Omar  Zniber, fo r his very informative 
report on the main macroeconomic indicators, potential and strengths of Jordan, as well as on some 
of the challenges that Jordan faces in a complex and complicated global environment.  
4.209.   Morocco considers Jordan an important trading par tner within the region. Our two countries 
have a shared commitment to promote international trade, based on fair, transparent rules and 
compliance with WTO commitments.  
4.210.   Relations between Morocco and Jordan have a long history and enjoy steadfast support at  
the very highest level and in all areas, as evidenced by the friendly and working visits of His Majesty 
King Mohammed  VI to Jordan, as well as those made by His Majesty King Abdallah  II to Morocco, a WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  sign of qualitative progress in our bilateral relations , which are currently governed by over 115 legal 
instruments across different sectors, including industry, trade, agriculture, tourism, energy, mining, 
finance, air transport, shipping, customs and more.  
4.211.   To further boost this trade cooperation, a first fre e trade agreement between Morocco and 
Jordan was signed in 1998, as a result of which a Moroccan -Jordanian Business Council was 
established.  
4.212.   Morocco and Jordan are also signatories to the Agadir Agreement with Egypt and Tunisia, 
which is aimed at creating a free trade area, with a view to a Mediterranean free trade area.  
4.213.   Jordan is also one of Morocco's main Arab trading partners. Both countries have considerable 
potential, as well as an encouraging investment environment that makes it possible to diversify the 
economic partnership, support and expand trade in goods and services, and increase the volume of 
investment in various productive sectors in a positive win -win framework.  
4.214.   The Morocco -Jordan Investment Forum held in Amman on 13 January  2020 resulted in 
recommendations aimed at strengthening economic cooperation between the two countries and the 
structuring of the Moroccan -Jordanian Business Council through the establishment of sectoral 
sub-committees (agriculture; agro -industr y; tourism; finance), as well as the removal of visas 
facilitating the movement of economic operators between the two countries.  
4.215.   In addition, the establishment of an air connection in April  2019 between Casablanca and 
Amman made it possible to develop tour ism and economic activity between Morocco and Jordan and 
bring the two countries closer together.  
4.216.   In this regard, it would be appropriate to capitalize on the potential for maritime cooperation 
through the two ports of Al Aqaba in Jordan and Tanger -Med in Morocco, which will boost bilateral 
trade that would be mutually beneficial to both countries and facilitate economic integration and 
trade between the Middle East and Africa.  
4.217.   Another notable source of satisfaction are the efforts made by Jordan to further  promote the 
openness of its economy through, inter alia, updating its legislative and institutional investment 
framework, including the entry into force of Investment Environment Law No.  21 of 2022 and the 
enactment of Investment Environment Regulation No . 7 of 2023.  
4.218.   Furthermore, and in addition to the Al Aqaba Special Economic Zone at the crossroads of 
three continents, which attracts many investors, Jordan has many advantages and much potential, 
including its 10 qualifying industrial zones where investor s are exempt from taxes and have direct 
access to other international markets.  
4.219.   Jordan's choices in terms of energy transition are also an example in the region, as the 
contribution of renewable energy to electricity generation is around 30% and the Kingdom  is working 
to reach 50% by 2030.  
4.220.   Morocco also welcomes Jordan's trade facilitation reforms, including measures to simplify 
customs procedures and reduce technical barriers to trade.  
4.221.   These actions are essential to boost trade and strengthen the Jordanian e conomy, which has 
shown remarkable resilience through a prompt response and an exceptional control of inflation in a 
context marked by the repercussions of COVID -19 and regional instability.  
4.222.   We also encourage Jordan to persevere in its efforts to promote t ransparency and ensure 
the predictability of its trade environment. This will increase the trust of investors and international 
trading partners.  
4.223.   In conclusion, I would like to reiterate Morocco's support for Jordan in its efforts to promote 
an open, trans parent and inclusive trade policy.  
4.224.   We are confident that Jordan will continue to play a constructive role in the WTO, as it has 
done since its accession in 2000, thus contributing to strengthening the multilateral trading system.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.225.   We wish the delegation of Jordan a successful TPR.  
PAKISTAN  
4.226.   At the outset, let me offer our condolences to H.E.  Ambassador Omar  Zniber for the 
devastating earthquake in Morocco.  
4.227.   Pakistan appreciates the opportunity to participate at this third Trade Policy Review of 
Jordan. We warmly welcome the delegation of Jordan led by H.E.  Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali 
Minister of Industry, Trade, and Supply , and Minister of Labour . We w ould a lso like  to thank the  
Secretariat for their report and all the hard work to allow the conduct of this Trade Policy Review . 
4.228.   Pakistan wishes to commend the turnaround of the economic contraction that Jordan faced, 
and the various reforms carried out by the J ordanian Government ranging from fiscal reforms to 
customs reforms including facilitating trade and the business environment. The positive average 
growth rate during the period under review is testimony to the efforts the Government has put in to 
ensure gr owth while addressing various challenges both from within the region as well as the global 
challenges like C OVID -19 pandemic, climate change and regional conflicts.  
4.229.   Jordan has made impressive  strides in improving its business climate and is among the 
top 10 global improvers in the World  Bank's 2020 business rankings. The three major reforms 
include : the introduction of a new secured transactions law, amendments to the insolvency law, and 
the launch of a modern and notice -based collateral registry which all ows financial institutions to 
function more efficiently, and this is something other developing countries can emulate  in order to 
improve the access to capital . 
4.230.   We also wish to commend Jordan for its the Economic Modernization Vision which will not 
only address the economic growth challenges but would also address the climate change issues . It 
will not be out of place to particularly mention the Investment Law No.  21 of 2022 promulgated 
under this modernization vision, which aims to provide a supportive environment for existing 
investments and attract fresh foreign investments , this has been reflect ed in an increase of 
investments and investment growth rate of over 82% in  2022 which has helped economic 
advancement, job creation , and overall economic growth.  
4.231.   Just like Pakistan , Jordan's economy is highly dependent on services sector, and even the 
services sector, just like in Pakistan, does not have a very high level of co mplexity which actually 
makes it vulnerable to economic shocks and challenges. In order to build resilience in the economy, 
it is very important to have a strong manufacturing base, and to have that strong manufacturing 
base the country needs policy space to grow its industry. In order to gains this policy space, we 
would not mind Jordan to continue its support in seeking special and differential treatment for 
developing countries and continue its efforts together with other countries in seeking that essent ial 
policy space that is necessary to build resilient economy in terms of external and internal shocks.  
4.232.   Pakistan and Jordan have a strong relationship  which have developed  over the years and 
goes well beyond trade. We have a very healthy  relationship  with Jordan, but there are more 
opportunities where both countries can leverage their endowments in terms of i nputs  to economic 
growth in order to create more value. Hence, we can rely on the availability on our national 
endowments as well as capacity and capabilities to work together.  
4.233.   We would also like to commend the active role that is played by the Jordanian Mission in 
Geneva led by H .E. Ambassador Walid  Obeidat , especially in coordinating, mediating , and 
safeguarding the diverse interests of the Asian  Group of developing c ountries at the WTO.  
4.234.   In the end, Pakistan wishes Jordan a successful Trade Policy Review and offer its best wishes 
in their implementation of its Economic Modernization Vision.  
UNITED  ARAB  EMIRATES  
4.235.   On behalf of the delegation of the United  Arab Emirates, I would like to express a very warm 
welcome to the honourable delegation of Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan chaired by 
H.E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply, and Minister of Labour. WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  Our thanks also go t o H.E.  Mr Omar  Zniber, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Morocco 
to the WTO for his valuable contribution as a discussant as well as for his comprehensive and 
enlightening remarks.  
4.236.   In spite of the regional instability and geopolitical challenges, to say nothing about the health 
crisis of COVID -19 pandemic and its impact on the Jordanian economy, the Kingdom has made 
commendable efforts to maintain resilience through, among others, implementing the Jordan's 
Economic Modernization Vision 2023 -2025. J ordan has undertaken an economic reform process 
aiming at further liberalization in conformity with the WTO rulebook.  
4.237.   These reform measures are mainly focused on reducing tariff, eliminating trade barriers, and 
attracting foreign investments. Of course, challenges ahead are still looming, but the Government 
of Jordan is still confident that it will certainly achieve the ultimate objectives.  
4.238.   Let me also, before I conclude, take this opportunity to pay tribute to H.E.  Mr Walid  Obeidat, 
Ambassador an d Permanent Representative to the WTO and his team for his commitment and hard 
work, in particular for the work achieved as a coordinator for the Asian Group for Developing 
Countries.  
4.239.   In conclusion, I wish the distinguished delegation of Jordan a fruitful discussion ahead and a 
very successful T rade Policy Review . 
QATAR  
4.240.   First, I would like to express my condolences to Morocco and the Moroccan people for the 
devastating earthquake.  
4.241.   It is a great pleasure for the delegation of the State of Qatar to participat e in the third review 
of the trade policies and practices of Jordan and I extend a warm welcome to H.E.  Yousef Mahmoud 
Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, as well as 
to the entire Jordanian delegation, who se efforts are very clear in the reports and the statement. 
We would also like to thank the Chair, Ambassador Saqer Abdullah Almoqbel, as well as the 
Secretariat and the discussant for his outstanding presentation.  
4.242.   The State of Qatar also wishes to echo th e delegation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and 
its statement on behalf of the Arab Group.  
4.243.   Qatar and Jordan have robust political and economic relations at several levels. Our countries 
are strong partners in the area of trade and investment, with coordina tion and cooperation within 
the framework of the League of Arab States, particularly on issues related to the Greater Arab Free 
Trade Area.  
4.244.   We would like to congratulate Jordan on its Economic Modernization Vision 2030, announced 
under the patronage of His  Majesty King Abdullah II, which aims to enhance, over a 10 -year period, 
growth, and quality of life by creating one  million new jobs, while improving Jordan's ranking in 
terms of global competitiveness, environment, prosperity, and sustainability indexes,  and fostering 
expansion into high value -added service and industrial sectors.  
4.245.   For the period under review, which has been marked by multiple economic shocks such as 
the COVID -19 pandemic, the destabilization of supply chains and increases in inflationary pressures, 
Qatar would like to acknowledge Jordan's efforts to maintain its resilience and implement trade 
policies to promote economic growth, attract foreign investment and strengthen its position in the 
global market. Collectively, the aggregate volume of foreign direct investment in Jordan exhibited 
an impressive growth rate of over 82% compared to the levels recorded during the COVID -19 period 
and the preceding year.  
4.246.   According to the World Bank's food security report, Jordan is the Arab country least a ffected 
by food price inflation. Jordan aims to improve food security, as shown by the recent launch of the 
National Food Security Strategy 2021 -30 and the National Plan for Sustainable Agriculture 2022 -25. 
These strategic initiatives are aligned with the guidelines of  His Majesty King Abdullah II to position 
Jordan as a regional centre for food security.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  4.247.   Qatar would also like to recall that Jordan has consistently supported efforts to strengthen 
the rules -based multilateral trading system and to ensure tha t the WTO remains relevant for the 
future.  
4.248.   Jordan has participated actively in WTO negotiations to address important issues such as 
fisheries subsidies and is also actively involved in ongoing WTO discussions on forward -looking 
issues.  
4.249.   In conclusion, we wi sh the delegation of Jordan a very successful third Trade Policy Review.  
KAZAKHSTAN  
4.250.   Kazakhstan welcomes the delegation of the Kingdom of Jordan, led by H.E.  Mr Yousef 
Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply , and Minister of Labour. We express 
our gratitude to the Government of Jordan for their informative Report and statement. We also thank 
Ambassador Omar  Zniber  for his insightful comments as a discussant and the WTO Secretariat for 
its comprehensive Report.  
4.251.   We have the pleasure to observe and state that Jordan, since its last Trade Policy Review, 
pursued a sound economic performance and further enhanced its trade openness. We commend the 
Government of Jordan for implementing an ambitious reform agenda to fur ther strengthen trade, 
investment, business environment and infrastructure development. Particularly, we appreciate the 
ongoing comprehensive reforms initiated by Jordan under the Economic Modernization Vision 
announced in June  2022 with a view of creating  1 million new jobs, improving Jordan's ranking on 
global competitiveness, environment, prosperity and sustainability indexes and expanding into high 
value added services in the industrial sectors.  
4.252.   We recognize Jordan's efforts to improve the environment f or foreign investors by reforming 
domestic investment laws. Thus, we welcome Jordan's enactment of the revised investment law 
in 2022, which has a significant impact on the country's investment landscape as it creates a more 
favourable environment for inve stors by streamlining the process of setting up and running 
businesses and promote transparency and predictability in the investment process. In this regard, 
we are pleased to see that Jordan has been recognized as one of the top  10 global improvers in the  
World  Bank's 2020 business rankings as a result of its significant progress in improving its business 
climate. Notably, Jordan is one of four countries from the Middle  East and North Africa region that 
accounted for almost half of the region's reforms.  
4.253.   We also welcome the significant progress in promoting women empowerment in Jordan, 
achieved through the adopted executive plan for the National Strategy for Women for 2023 -2025. 
This plan serves as a crucial guiding document with the primary objectives of bo lstering an equitable 
economic participation of Jordanian women, cultivating and enabling business environment and 
effectively advancing the nation's economic progress and sustainable development.  
4.254.   From the WTO perspective, we welcome Jordan's strong commit ment to the multilateral 
trading system and the rules of the WTO as a means to curb harmful protectionist measures, reduce 
barriers to global trade and enhance market access conditions.  
4.255.   We also look forward to reviewing Jordan's notifications on agricultur e, IP and market access 
in accordance with its transparency obligations at the WTO.  
4.256.   In conclusion, we would like to congratulate the delegation of Jordan and the WTO 
Secretariat for the hard work and efforts that went into preparing for this TPR. We also w ould like 
to express our appreciation to Ambassador Walid  Obeidat  and his team in Geneva.  
4.257.   We wish the delegation of Jordan every success for their third Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  EGYPT1 
4.258.   At the outset, I would like to extend warm welcome to the distinguished delegation of Jordan, 
led by H.E.  Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali , Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply, and Minister of 
Labour, and congratulate them for conducting the third Review of the country 's trade policies and 
practices. We wish the delegation of Jordan all the success in this endeavour. My delegation also 
thanks the WTO Secretariat for its Report, as well as H.E. Ambassador Omar  Zniber of Moro cco for 
his insightful comments as discussant.  
4.259.   Egypt commends the progress achieved by the Government of Jordan during the period 
under review, despite the enormous global and regional challenges in the last few years. The country 
managed to achieve severa l important reforms in the fields of investment, tariffs , and woman 
empowerment, which will have significant impact on Jordan 's sustainable development and economic 
growth.  
4.260.   Among these reforms, the Government of Jordan has implemented the "National Strateg y 
for Women 2020 -2025" to foster woman empowerment in economic activities  and reduce 
unemployment rates among young woman workers. It has also introduced the Government 's 
Economic Priorities Program 2021 -23 (EPP) which aims at stimulating foreign and local  investments, 
increasing employment and increasing exports in priority sectors.  
4.261.   Furthermore, the Government of Jordan launched the "Economic Modernization Vision 2033 ", 
aiming to enhance, over a 10 -year period, growth and quality of life by creating 1 million new jobs; 
improving Jordan's ranking on global competitiveness, environment, prosperity, and sustainability 
indexes; as well as expanding into high value -added service and industrial sectors. It has also 
created a new Ministry of Investment in 2021 and  implemented a new Investment Environment Law 
in 2022 to enhance investment environment  and attract more FDIs.  
4.262.   Moreover, the Government of Jordan is implementing critical fiscal structural reforms, 
especially through a major customs reform over 2022 -2028, which is expected to reduce tax evasion 
and corruption, and to lower customs revenue by 0.3% of GDP in the near term due to a lower 
average tariff. In this regard, we would like to commend the efforts made by Jordan to decrease the 
simple average applied MFN tariff  from 10.2% in 2015 to 4% in 2023. We also commend Jordan for 
reforming its tax and incentive system and for launching several national plans, including its first 
"Climate Change National Adaptation Plan " in 2021, the "National Agricultural Develo pment Strategy 
2020-2025", the "National Water Strategy 2023 -2040", as well as the "Master Strategy for the 
Energy Sector 2020 -2030". 
4.263.   Egypt shares excellent and brotherly relationship with Jordan at all levels and in all sectors. 
In this regard, I would like to seize this opportunity to express my deep appreciation to 
H.E. Ambassador  Walid Obeidat for his professionalism, friendship , and excellent coordination in all 
the work conduct in various international organizations in Geneva.  
4.264.   Finally, I wish the delegation of Jordan all the best in their TPR and Egypt aligns itself with 
the statement delivered by the Arab  Group.  
  
 
1Statement delivered during the second day of the meeting.   WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF JORDAN  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  
5.1.  I would like to express my sincere appreciation to your Excellency Ambassador Saqer  Almoqbel 
and to the distinguished discussant, H.E.  Mr Omar  Zniber.  
5.2.  I am extremely pleased and grateful for the positive and constructive feedback we received 
during our third TPR meeting s. 
5.3.  On behalf of the Jordanian delegation, I extend sincere gratitude to all Ambassadors and 
distinguished delegates who participated in these meetings.  
5.4.  In addition, we highly appreciate the interest of the Members, submitting written questions in 
advance or presenting queries during the meetings. We are pleased to confirm that we have already 
furnished provided comprehensive written responses to all questions submitted by WTO Members.  
5.5.  During the Wednesday meeting, we have attentively taken notes of areas of c oncern 
highlighted by Members. My delegation and I wish to provide additional clarifications of the main 
concerns raised, presently as follows:  
Regarding notifications compliance  
5.6.  We would like to acknowledge Members' encouragement in the notifications sub mitted by 
Jordan, and reiterate our strong commitment to transparency and engagement.  
5.7.  Jordan will be exerting its best efforts to submit the outstanding notifications in a timely 
manner.  
Regarding government procurement  
5.8.  We welcome all the acknowledgements from Members on the recent developments in the 
governmental procurement measures. We also appreciate some Members ' encouragement of Jordan 
to participate in the GPA Agreement. Currently, Jordan will remain as an observer in the GPA, while 
continue assessin g our readiness to participate in the Agreement in consultation with all stockholders 
including the privet sector.  
For the Fisher ies Subsidies Agreement  ratification  
5.9.  We already started the process of harmonizing the national legislation with the Agreement in 
consultation with all relevant stakeholders. We look forward to working closely with the WTO 
Members to ensure a timely ratification and successful implementation of the Agreement. I hope 
that you agree with us that the implementation requires technical  assistance and capacity building 
to help developing least -empowered country members with implementation.  
Implications of recent restructuring of tariffs and tax and investment reform  
5.10.   We appreciate Members ' acknowledgement of the substantial progress Jorda n made in 
simplifying tariff structures and lowering MFN rates during the review period, and the reforms 
introduced to the investment environment regulations and procedures.  
5.11.   Although, its early to evaluate the impact of these reforms at sectorial level, it  is worth 
mentioning that, already in 2022, we had a notable increase, around 30%, in our foreign trade of 
goods and 56% in services as well as a substantive growth of FDI.  
Women 's economic empowerment  
5.12.   We will continue to undertake measures and actions to enhance women participation in the 
labour  market and political activities based on the executive plan of the National Women's Strategy 
for 2023 -2025, including initiatives and projects, which intersect with the executive programs of the 
modernization pathways, representing guidance for policymakers and donors on women issues.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  Jordan Economic Modernization Vision 2033  
5.13.   We took note of Members' interest in Jordan Economic Modernization Vision 2033. The Vision 
will be implemented in three phases.  
5.14.   Prior to the end of each phase, the roadmap will be reviewed to evaluate progress and the 
need to reprioritize actions in collaboration with stakeholders.  
5.15.   The Government 's commitment to pursue the Vision is refle cted in its executive program me 
(2023 -2025) which includes initiatives to enhance growth and quality of life by creating jobs, 
improving Jordan's ranking on global competitiveness, attracting foreign investment, and expanding 
the high value -added service a nd industrial sectors.  
Closing remarks  
5.16.   To conclude, we highly value all interventions and constructive feedback received from 
Members and the acknowledgement and appreciation of the challenges faced by Jordan due to 
regional and international crises and th e burdens on our limited resources especially hosting 
refugees, who currently represent one third of our population.  
5.17.   The Government of Jordan appreciates the continued support provided by Member countries 
and the international community, which helps Jordan  in its efforts to sustain its open economy and 
free and fair -trade exchange amidst the challenges.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.18.   Firstly, allow me to convey the apologies of Ambassador Omar  Zniber, who is not in Geneva 
and is unable to join you.  
5.19.   Speaking on his behalf, I wo uld like to thank all delegations for their interest in this third 
Trade Policy Review of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.  
5.20.   Their major contributions were significant for the success of this review.  
5.21.   Of course, this was also thanks to the cooperation, intera ction and engagement of the 
Jordanian delegation present here today.  
5.22.   At the same time, the 140 questions received by Jordan reflect the great interest in Jordan's 
economic and trade policies and the reforms undertaken by the country during the review perio d. 
5.23.   In addition, I would like to congratulate H.E.  Minister Yousef  Al-Shamali and all the members 
of the Jordanian delegation on their availability and responsiveness, which fully contributed to the 
success of this fundamental WTO exercise.  
5.24.   The responses pr eviously provided by the Jordanian delegation to all written questions can 
only attest to Jordan's commitment as an active player in our Organization and its contribution to 
promoting a fair, transparent and open international trading system.  
5.25.   Returning to this review, during our first meeting on Wednesday 27  September, a total 
of 24 delegations made valuable contributions, highlighting the very much appreciated efforts of the 
Government of Jordan over the past few years to implement trade and economic polic ies that 
promote economic growth, attract more foreign investment and potentially enhance the country's 
positioning in the global market, of course bearing in mind adherence to WTO norms and rules.  
5.26.   There has also been a convergence of views regarding the c ountry's resilience, despite the 
multiple exogenous shocks that it has faced for over a decade.  
5.27.   In their statements, Members focused on the challenging environment during the period 
covered by this third review, which was marked by the impact of COVID -19, the instability of the 
regional geopolitical environment, the massive influx of refugees into Jordan (1.3  million) and, more WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  recently, the energy crisis resulting from the situation in Ukraine and its impact on supply chain 
disruption and rising inflationa ry pressures.  
5.28.   Members also commended Jordan, which, despite these constraints, was able to sustain the 
resilience of its economy by keeping inflation at a reasonable average of 1.9% during the review 
period, and to maintain a positive level of real GDP gro wth of 1.6%, thanks most notably to effective 
fiscal and monetary measures.  
5.29.   Members also acknowledged Jordan's trade reforms and policies, which have contributed 
positively to boosting the country's economic outlook through sectoral strategies, most notabl y the 
Economic Modernization Vision 2030, and other strategies concerning customs reform, the 
modernization of the government procurement framework, tax system reform, improving the 
investment climate, agricultural development, water stress management and energy transition, as 
well as the National Strategy for Women 2020 -2025.  
5.30.   Certain delegations, aware of endogenous and exogenous constraints and limited resources 
in the face of multiple, competing and simultaneous priorities, fully understand how this can make 
it difficult to comply with obligations.  
5.31.   Therefore, expectations were voiced with regard to notifications to be completed and/or 
updated, in order to promote greater transparency and predictability, which in turn facilitates and 
promotes trade and inv estment.  
5.32.   In addition, and welcoming the comprehensive responses provided by the delegation of 
Jordan, certain Members have identified creative and effective ways to help manage the notification 
workload; I encourage giving these due consideration, as part of the country's continued 
modernization and economic openness efforts.  
5.33.   Other remaining challenges drew the attention of Members, which I am able to summarize as 
follows:  
(i) restrictions on land ownership and minimum capital requirements;  
(ii) equity restrictions on foreign investment in some sectors and prohibitions on foreign 
investment in a number of areas;  
(iii) outstanding notifications, notably concerning the agriculture sector;  
(iv) restrictions on and licences required for importing cert ain products;  
(v) women's empowerment and their participation in economic life (high unemployment rate 
among women);  
(vi) further digitalization of government procurement procedures;  
(vii) ratification of the Information Technology Agreement, which aims to  reduce, and even 
eliminate, customs barriers relating to information and communications technology;  
(viii) involvement in plurilateral initiatives, including on investment facilitation; and  
(ix) acceptance of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, a process a lready started by Jordan, 
as highlighted by the Minister on the first day.  
5.34.   I have tried, as far as possible, to briefly set out the most salient points in Members' 
interventions during the first day of the review and this summary by no means covers all mat ters 
expressed.  
5.35.   I would once again like to thank the Jordanian delegation, led by H.E.  Minister 
Yousef  Al-Shamali, for the outstanding work conducted during this review and the responses 
provided to the main points raised by Members, which have led to the success of this exercise.  WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  5.36.   I wish Jordan every success in its efforts to realize its Economic Modernization Vision  2030, 
which seeks to strengthen the country's economic growth and improve its ranking in terms of global 
competitiveness, environment, prosper ity, and sustainability indexes.  
5.37.   In conclusion, I offer my congratulations to Jordan for its contributions to the WTO and for its 
economic resilience during the review period.  
5.38.   My thanks also go to the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E.  Mr Saqer  Abdullah  
Almoqbel, to H.E.  Ambassador Walid Obeidat and his team in Geneva, and to the Secretariat for its 
work, as well as to the translators and all the Members who participated in this review.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.39.   We want to thank Minister Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Sham ali for his engagement and participation 
in this review. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank Ambassador Walid  Obeidat, and 
his team, and in particular the team from capital here with us today. We appreciate all the effort  
that goes into a Review and all the internal coordination efforts required to respond to all the written 
questions, so we want to thank you for everything you have done to make this review a success.  
5.40.   As noted in Day 1, since its last Review, Jordan has undertaken many initiatives to improve 
its business environment. In particular, the United  States welcomes the reforms to Jordan 's Customs 
laws as well as improvements it has made to its patent protection regime.   
5.41.   The United  States also joins other Members in commending Jordan 's efforts to improve the 
lives of its citizens, and particularly its promotion of the rights of women. We look forward to hearing 
of Jordan 's continued progress in implementing programs such as the National Strategy for 
Women  2020-25, and in achievi ng its goals to increase the economic and political empowerment of 
women.  
5.42.   As we noted in Day 1, as Jordan continues to pursue economic reforms, increased 
transparency and predictability in administration of its trading regime will be important to attracti ng 
commercial engagement and foreign investment. Towards that goal, we encourage Jordan to 
improve its notification practices at the WTO.  
5.43.   We would like to commend Jordan for its overall support for WTO principles and its active 
engagement at the WTO, and would welcome working with Jordan on ongoing and future initiatives. 
As noted on Day  1, the United  States commends Jordan 's actions to implement its TFA commitments 
and we stand ready to assist where possible in the implementation of any remaining commitme nts. 
We would also like to draw Jordan 's attention to two proposals the U.S. and other Members are 
supporting in the Trade Facilitation Committee.  
5.44.   Türkiye , Canada, Chinese  Taipei , and the Unit ed States recently circulated a communication 
within the Trade F acilitation Committee that focuses on facilitating humanitarian relief in emergency 
situations. We would welcome collaboration with Jordan as we continue to share experiences and 
build a knowledge base on how Trade Facilitation Agreement implementation can  be used as a tool 
for disaster or pandemic preparedness, in particular ensuring that procedures are put in place before 
they are needed to enable the movement of humanitarian goods in the event of crisis.    
5.45.   Likewise, the United  States recently circulated a communication in the TFC that highlights the 
role that robust implementation of the TFA can play in improving the safe, quick, and cost -effective 
movement of agricultural and food products to where they are needed.  We would also welcome 
collaboration fro m Jordan in this regard.  
5.46.   We support Jordan 's pursuit of negotiations to accede to the Plurilateral Agreement on 
Government Procurement and would welcome working with Jordan to advance that process.  
5.47.   The United  States is committed to reform of the WTO to ma ke it more responsive to the needs 
of our stakeholders and more supportive of the policymaking that underpins how we all are adapting 
to the changing global landscape. We would welcome engagement from Jordan as we continue to 
explore WTO reform, and in par ticular dispute settlement reform.  We encourage Jordan 's WT/TPR/M/446 • Jordan  
 
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  participation in the informal Dispute Settlement Reform discussions as we pursue a system that 
meets the interests of all WTO Members.  
5.48.   We join other Members in applauding Jordan 's efforts towards ratification of the Fisheries 
Subsidies Agreement. The Fisheries Subsidies Agreement contains important disciplines on harmful 
fisheries subsidies, as well as enhanced transparency, but it can 't start contributing to the 
sustainability of our fishe ries until it actually enters into force.  We encourage Jordan to continue its 
efforts to ratify the Agreement and deposit its instrument of acceptance with the WTO.   
5.49.   As we noted on Wednesday, Jordan has demonstrated that integration with the international 
trading system has been and is an important part of its overall growth strategy and that the WTO 
has been a key tool for this integration. We hope that this TPR proce ss has been useful for your 
Government, not just from the perspective of self -examination of your trade policies, but also in 
how you see the WTO adding value to your domestic priorities and overall economic advancement. 
We urge Jordan to continue to fully  participate in WTO initiatives that can help it achieve its goals 
as a member of the international trading community.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.50.   On behalf of the European  Union, I would first like to thank the delegation of Jordan led by 
Minister Al -Shamali, as well as Ambassador Mr  Walid  Obeidat and their respective teams, for their 
replies to our questions and providing additional information on Wednesday and this morning. We 
do not have any follow -up questions.  
5.51.   Like several Members, the EU commends Jordan for imple menting several important reforms 
towards improving the trade and investment climate, as well as the economic empowerment of 
women. Several Members, including the EU, acknowledge Jordan's remarkable resilience in the 
difficult environment of several exogen ous shocks. Jordan has been and remains in the frontline of 
the international response to the massive refugee crisis triggered by the conflict in Syria. The EU 
will sustain its support to Jordan in that context until conditions allow for the safe, dignifie d and 
voluntary return of the refugees. Jordan can also count on the EU as it faces other complex 
consequences of the conflict.  
5.52.   As mentioned already on the first day of this review, the EU and Jordan have a strong 
partnership and we will continue strengthe ning our relationship through the partnership priorities 
set for 2021 until 2027 that are intended to support the implementation of the EU -Jordan Association 
Agreement. We will jointly identify suitable approaches to enhance our bilateral trade and investment 
relations, notably working together on SMEs, development, technology and know -how to strengthen 
bilateral and economic ties.  
5.53.   In line with the EU Trade Policy Review communication and its engagement in sustainable 
investment facilitation initiat ives, the EU welcomes the setting up of the EU -Jordan Investment 
Platform, which could serve as a forum for discussion and identification of potential investment 
projects.  
5.54.   In conclusion, the EU hopes that Jordan will take on board very few recommendations and 
suggestions by the WTO Members, including the accession to the GPA and joining plurilateral  
initiatives. And finally, on behalf of the EU, I would like to thank Jordan for its constructive 
engagement in this third Trade Policy Review.  
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  6  CONCLUDING REMA RKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  This third Trade Policy Review of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was an excellent opportunity 
for the Membership to understand Jordan's main achievements and challenges regarding its trade 
and related policies since its previous Rev iew in 2015. I would like to thank the Jordanian delegation 
led by H .E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply, for its active 
and constructive commitment throughout the Review process. I would also like to thank 
H.E. Ambassad or Omar  Zniber of Morocco, our discussant, for his comments, which have greatly 
contributed to our two -day discussion. More than 140  questions were submitted before the 
commencement of this meeting in addition to the comments and issues raised by the 25  delegations 
that took the floor during this review. Members greatly appreciated the written responses provided 
by Jordan and look forward to receiving any outstanding replies within one month, at which time 
this review concludes.  
6.2.  Members praised the resilience of the Jordanian economy, which has recovered remarkably 
from the pandemic, with trade and tourism playing a key role in the upturn. They also commended 
Jordan for maintaining forward -looking economic and social policies, tak ing into account equity, 
fairness, and sustainability when facing various challenges over the past years such as regional 
conflicts, refugee crisis, food security, and climate change. It was also indicated that Jordan 
considers women empowerment, further p articipation of the private sector in the economy and the 
implementation of its export strategy, as key elements to stimulate inclusive growth and broaden 
its economic base towards high -value industries.  
6.3.  Members strongly valued Jordan's constructive engage ment in the WTO. Jordan indicated that 
WTO Membership has played a pivotal role in shaping its trade policies, fostering transparency, and 
facilitating integration into the global economy. Jordan has also identified areas where technical 
assistance is need ed from the WTO Secretariat to support its trade -related capacity and development 
efforts. Some Members looked forward to working closely with Jordan on joint initiatives and other 
discussions to consider new trade issues. At the same time, some Members en couraged Jordan to 
consider joining the Multi -Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement, and the Government 
Procurement Agreement. Members took note that Jordan has initiated the ratification process of the 
Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. Members appr eciated Jordan commitments to enhance its 
transparency and notification record.  
6.4.  In general, Members commended Jordan for the steps taken during the review period to 
streamline its trade and investment regimes and boost its digital economy. In particular, they 
appreciated Jordan's significant tariff reform with the aim of simplifying the tariff structure over the 
period 2022 -28 and welcomed the reduction in Jordan's simple average applied MFN tariff rate 
from 10.2% in 2015 to 4% in 2023. Members also praise d Jordan for its ratification to the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement and adopting trade facilitation measures aimed at streamlining customs 
procedures, which reflect Jordan's commitments under the TFA.  
6.5.  Members acknowledged the recent modernization of Jordan's  institutional and legal frameworks 
on investment in an effort to stimulate economic growth, reduce the cost of doing business and 
facilitate foreign participation in the economy. In this regard , some Members called Jordan for further 
liberalize its invest ment regime so as to reap the benefits of participating in global value chains.  
6.6.  Regarding other trade -related measures, Members were of the view that efforts to improve its 
patent protection regime, and its E -commerce Strategy 2023 -25 would have a positive  impact on 
economic development, trade, investment, and innovation. In this regard, some Members requested 
additional information on certain aspects on Jordan's trade regime, such as free zones and industrial 
states, and investment incentives, particularly  in the Aqaba Special Economic Zone.  
6.7.  To conclude, let me once again thank the delegation of Jordan headed by 
H.E. Mr Yousef  Mahmoud  Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply, the discussant, all 
delegations that participated and the Secretariat fo r achieving a successful third Trade Policy Review 
of Jordan.  
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