This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER
contains regulatory documents having generalapplicability and legal effect, most of whichare keyed to and codified in the Code ofFederal Regulations, which is published under50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by
the Superintendent of Documents.Rules and RegulationsFederal Register68421 
Vol. 85, No. 210 
Thursday, October 29, 2020 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Agricultural Marketing Service 
7 CFR Part 51 
[Document Number AMS–SC–17–0076, SC– 
18–327] 
U.S. Standards for Grades of Grapefruit (Texas and States Other Than Florida, California, and Arizona) and U.S. Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States Other Than Florida, California, and Arizona) 
AGENCY : Agricultural Marketing Service, 
USDA. 
ACTION : Final rule. 
SUMMARY : The Agricultural Marketing 
Service (AMS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is revising the U.S. Standards for Grades of Grapefruit (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona) and the U.S. Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona). The revision will convert the Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) tables from showing the acceptable number of allowable 
defective fruit in each grade to showing the percentage of defects permitted in each grade; revise the minimum sample size to 25 fruit; update size classifications; remove references to Temple oranges from the orange standards for grade; and more closely align terminology in both grade standards with Florida and California citrus standards. 
DATES : Effective November 30, 2020. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : 
Olivia L. Banks, USDA, Specialty Crops Inspection Division, 100 Riverside Parkway, Suite 101, Fredericksburg, VA 22406; by phone (540) 361–1120; fax (540) 361–1199; or, email olivia.banks@usda.gov. Copies of the revised U.S. 
Standards for Grades of Grapefruit (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona) and U.S. Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States other than Florida, 
California, and Arizona) are available at https://www.ams.usda.gov/grades- standards/fruits. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : The 
changes convert the AQL tables in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Grapefruit (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona) and the U.S. Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona) from showing the acceptable number of allowable defective fruit in each grade to showing the percentage of defects permitted in each grade, revise minimum sample size to 25 fruit, update size classifications, remove reference to Temple orange in the orange standards for grade, and more closely align terminology in both 
grade standards with Florida and California citrus standards. These revisions also affect the grade requirements under the marketing order (Order) Oranges and Grapefruit Grown in Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, 7 CFR part 906, issued under the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 (7 U.S.C. 601–674) and applicable imports. 
Executive Orders 12866, 13771, and 
13563 
This rule falls within a category of 
regulatory actions that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) exempted from Executive Order 12866 review. Additionally, because this rule does not meet the definition of a significant regulatory action, it does not trigger the requirements contained in Executive Order 13771. See OMB’s Memorandum titled ‘‘Interim Guidance Implementing Section 2 of the Executive Order of January 30, 2017, titled ‘Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs’ ’’ (February 2, 2017). Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits, including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, and distributive impacts and equity. Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting flexibility. Executive Order 13175 
This action has been reviewed in 
accordance with the requirements of Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments. The review reveals that this regulation would not have substantial and direct effects on Tribal governments and would not have significant Tribal implications. 
Executive Order 12988 
This rule has been reviewed under 
Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice 
Reform. It is not intended to have retroactive effect. There are no administrative procedures that must be exhausted prior to any judicial challenge to the provisions of this rule. 
Background 
AMS continuously reviews fruit and 
vegetable grade standards to assess their 
effectiveness in the industry and to modernize language. On September 20, 2016, AMS received a request from the TVCC to modernize the language of and clarify the Texas citrus standards by removing outdated AQL tables. The standards were last revised in September 2003. AMS worked closely with the TVCC throughout the development of the proposed revisions, soliciting their comments and suggestions about the standards through discussion drafts that outlined the conversion from AQL tables to a defined percentage of defects permitted in each grade. The revised percentages correspond to those currently allowed in the AQL tables and more closely align with California and Florida orange and grapefruit standards. 
Additional revisions to the Texas 
grapefruit standard include adding size 64 to the size classifications to align with sizes in the Order; changing the minimum sample size from 33 to 25 fruit; and changing the scoring basis for defects from a 70-size fruit to a 4
1⁄8-inch 
grapefruit. Revisions to the Texas orange standard also include adding size 163 to the size classifications to align with sizes in the Order; changing the minimum sample size from 50 to 25 fruit; changing the scoring basis for defects from a 200-size fruit to a 2
7⁄8- 
inch orange; and removing Temple oranges from the standard. 
AMS also conducted a grapefruit 
shape survey with the TVCC to identify areas of the standards for revision in 
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order to more closely align the Texas 
citrus standards with those of Florida and California. On May 23, 2018, AMS met with the TVCC to review the proposed revisions. These efforts culminated with the TVCC submitting a petition to AMS on June 12, 2018 to revise the U.S. standards for Texas oranges and grapefruit as discussed and approved at the May 2018 meeting. The revisions more closely align terminology related to defects and grade requirements with the Florida citrus grade standards as requested by the TVCC and align the standards with current industry practices. 
Regulatory Flexibility Act 
Pursuant to requirements set forth in 
the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 
U.S.C. 601–612), AMS has considered the economic impact of this rule on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has prepared this regulatory flexibility analysis. 
The purpose of the RFA is to fit 
regulatory actions to the scale of businesses subject to such actions in order that small businesses will not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. 
This rule will revise the U.S. 
Standards for Grades of Grapefruit (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona) and U.S. Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona) that were issued under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946. Standards issued under the 1946 Act are voluntary. 
There are approximately 170 
producers of grapefruit and oranges in the production area and 22 handlers subject to regulation under the Order. Small agricultural producers are defined by the Small Business Administration (SBA) as those having annual receipts less than $1,000,000, and small agricultural service firms are defined as those whose annual receipts are less than $30,000,000 (13 CFR 121.201). 
According to Texas Valley Citrus 
Committee (TVCC) data, the average price for Texas citrus during the 2018– 19 season prices ranged from $11.69 to $25.78 per carton. The average price was $22.23 per carton ($11.69 plus $25.78 equals $37.47, divided by 2 equals $18.74 per carton) and total shipments were 6.6 million cartons. Using the average price, shipment information, and number of handlers, and assuming a normal distribution, the majority of handlers would have average annual receipts of less than $30,000,000 ($22.23 per carton times 6.6 million cartons equals $123.7 million, divided by 22 equals $5.6 million per handler). In addition, based on National 
Agricultural Statistics Service 
information, the average Free on Board (f.o.b.) price for Texas citrus during the 2018–19 season was approximately $33.27 per carton. Using the average f.o.b. price, shipment information, and the number of producers, and assuming a normal distribution, the majority of producers would have annual receipts of $1.3 million, which is more than $1,000,000 ($33.27 per carton times 6.6 million cartons equals $219.6 million, divided by 170 equals $1.3 million per producer). Thus, the majority of producers of Texas citrus may be classified as large entities, while the majority of handlers of Texas citrus may be classified as small entities. 
This rule will convert the AQL Tables 
from showing the acceptable number of allowable defective fruit in each grade to a percentage of defects permitted in each grade, revise minimum sample size to 25 fruit, update size classifications, remove references to Temple orange from the orange standards for grade, and more closely align terminology in both standards for grade with Florida and California citrus standards. 
This action will make the standards 
more consistent with current marketing trends and practices. This action will not impose any additional reporting or recordkeeping requirements on small or large orange or grapefruit producers or handlers. USDA has not identified any Federal rules that duplicate, overlap, or conflict with this rule. However, there are marketing programs that regulate the handling of oranges and grapefruit under 7 CFR part 906. Oranges and grapefruit subject to the Order must 
meet certain requirements set forth in the grade standards for oranges and grapefruit. 
On March 10, 2020, AMS published a 
Proposed Rule in the Federal Register (85 FR 13833) soliciting comments on revisions to the U.S. Standards for Grades of Grapefruit (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona) and U.S. Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona). One comment was submitted by May 11, 2020, the closing date of the public comment period. 
The comment fully supported the 
revisions and commended the USDA for taking steps to bring standardization to the grading system used for Texas citrus, putting Texas in line with systems used in other citrus production areas of the United States. 
Based on the information gathered, 
AMS is revising the U.S. Standards for Grades of Grapefruit (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona), and U.S. Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States other than Florida, California, and Arizona). 
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 51 
Food grades and standards, Fruits, 
Nuts, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Vegetables. 
For reasons set forth in the preamble, 
7 CFR part 51 is amended as follows: 
PART 51—FRESH FRUITS, 
VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) 
■1. The authority citation for part 51 
continues to read as follows: 
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621–1627. 
SUBPART D—APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES 
■2. Revise the heading for subpart D to 
read as set forth above: 
■3. Revise § 51.620 to read as follows: 
§ 51.620 U.S. Fancy. 
‘‘U.S. Fancy’’ consists of grapefruit 
which meet the following requirements: 
(a) Basic requirements: 
(1) Discoloration: Not more than one- 
tenth of the surface, in the aggregate, 
may be affected by discoloration. (See § 51.638.); 
(2) Firm; 
(3) Mature; (4) Similar varietal characteristics; (5) Smooth texture; (6) Well formed; and (7) Well colored. (b) Free from: (1) Ammoniation; (2) Bruises; (3) Buckskin; (4) Decay; (5) Growth cracks; (6) Scab; (7) Skin breakdown; (8) Sprayburn; (9) Unhealed skin breaks; and (10) Wormy fruit. (c) Free from injury caused by: (1) Green spots; (2) Hail; (3) Oil spots; (4) Scale; (5) Scars; and (6) Thorn scratches. (d) Free from damage caused by: (1) Dryness or mushy condition; (2) Insects; 
(3) Sprouting; (4) Sunburn; and (5) Other means. (e) For tolerances see § 51.628. 
■4. Revise § 51.621 to read as follows: 
§ 51.621 U.S. No. 1. 
‘‘U.S. No. 1’’ consists of grapefruit 
which meet the following requirements: 
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(a) Basic requirements: 
(1) Discoloration: Not more than one- 
half of the surface, in the aggregate, may 
be affected by discoloration. (See § 51.638.); 
(2) Fairly smooth texture; 
(3) Fairly well colored; (4) Fairly well formed; (5) Firm; (6) Mature; and (7) Similar varietal characteristics. (b) Free from: (1) Bruises; (2) Caked melanose; (3) Decay; (4) Growth cracks; (5) Sprayburn; (6) Unhealed skin breaks; and (7) Wormy fruit. (c) Free from damage caused by: 
(1) Ammoniation; (2) Buckskin; (3) Caked melanose; (4) Dryness or mushy condition; (5) Green spots; (6) Hail; (7) Oil spots; (8) Scab; (9) Scale; (10) Scars; (11) Skin breakdown; (12) Sprayburn; (13) Sprouting; (14) Sunburn; (15) Thorn scratches; and (16) Other means. (d) For tolerances see § 51.628. 
■5. Revise § 51.623 to read as follows: 
§ 51.623 U.S. No. 1 Bronze. 
The requirements for this grade are 
the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that 
all fruit must show some discoloration and at least 10 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more than one-half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each of these fruits shall be of rust mite type. For tolerances see § 51.628. 
■6. Revise § 51.624 to read as follows: 
§ 51.624 U.S. Combination. 
‘‘U.S. Combination’’ consists of a 
combination of U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grapefruit: Provided, That at least 55 
percent, by count, meet the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade for defects, And provided further, That the 
lot meets the basic requirement for discoloration as specified in the U.S. No. 2 grade. For tolerances see § 51.628. 
■7. Revise § 51.625 to read as follows: 
§ 51.625 U.S. No. 2. 
‘‘U.S. No. 2’’ consists of grapefruit 
which meet the following requirements: 
(a) Basic requirements: 
(1) Discoloration: Not more than two- 
thirds of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See 
§ 51.638.); 
(2) Fairly firm; 
(3) Mature; (4) Not more than slightly misshapen; (5) Not more than slightly rough 
texture; 
(6) Slightly colored; and (7) Similar varietal characteristics. (b) Free from: (1) Bruises; (2) Decay; (3) Growth cracks; (4) Unhealed skin breaks; and (5) Wormy fruit. (c) Free from serious damaged caused 
by: 
(1) Ammoniation; (2) Buckskin; (3) Caked melanose; (4) Dryness or mushy condition; (5) Green spots; (6) Hail; (7) Oil spots; (8) Scab; (9) Scale; (10) Scars; (11) Skin breakdown; (12) Sprayburn; (13) Sprouting; (14) Sunburn; (15) Thorn scratches; and (16) Other means. (d) For tolerances see § 51.628. 
■8. Revise § 51.626 to read as follows: 
§ 51.626 U.S. No. 2 Russet. 
The requirements for this grade are 
the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that 
at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have more than two-thirds of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of discoloration. For tolerances see § 51.628. 
■9. Revise § 51.627 to read as follows: 
§ 51.627 U.S. No. 3. 
‘‘U.S. No. 3’’ consists of grapefruit 
which meet the following requirements: 
(a) Basic requirements: 
(1) Mature; (2) May be misshapen; (3) May be slightly spongy; (4) May have rough texture; (5) May be poorly colored. Not more 
than 25 percent of the surface may be 
of a solid dark green color; 
(6) Not seriously lumpy or cracked; 
and 
(7) Similar varietal characteristics. 
(b) Free from: (1) Decay; (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and (3) Wormy fruit. (c) Free from very serious damage 
caused by: 
(1) Ammoniation; (2) Buckskin; (3) Caked melanose; (4) Dryness or mushy condition; 
(5) Green spots; (6) Hail; (7) Oil spots; (8) Scab; (9) Scale; (10) Scars; (11) Skin breakdown; (12) Sprayburn; (13) Sprouting; (14) Sunburn; (15) Thorn scratches; and (16) Other means. (d) For tolerances see § 51.628. 
■10. Revise § 51.628 to read as follows: 
§ 51.628 Tolerances. 
In order to allow for variations 
incident to proper grading and handling 
in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by count, based on a minimum 25 count sample, are provided as specified. No tolerance shall apply to wormy fruit. 
(a) Defects—(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 
1, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 2 Russet—(i) For defects at shipping point.
1Not more 
than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, That included 
in this amount not more than 5 percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay. 
(ii) For defects en route or at 
destination. Not more than 12 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, That included in this amount 
not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed: 
(A) 10 percent for fruit having 
permanent defects; or 
(B) 7 percent for defects causing very 
serious damage, including therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent defects and not more than 3 percent for decay. 
(2) U.S. Combination—(i) For defects 
at shipping point.
1Not more than 10 
percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the U.S. No. 2 grade: Provided, That included in this 
amount not more than 5 percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, included in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay. 
(ii) For defects en route or at 
destination. Not more than 12 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the U.S. No. 2 grade: Provided, That included in this amount 
not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed: 
(A) 10 percent for fruit having 
permanent defects; or 
(B) 7 percent for defects causing very 
serious damage, including therein not 
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more than 5 percent for very serious 
damage by permanent defects and not more than 3 percent for decay. 
(iii) For defects at shipping point
1 
and en route or at destination. No part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce, for the lot as a whole, the 55 percent of U.S. No. 1 fruit required in the U.S. Combination grade, but individual samples may have not more than 15 percent less than the required percentage for the grade: Provided, That 
the entire lot averages within the percentage required. 
(3) U.S. No. 3—(i) For defects at 
shipping point.
1Not more than 10 
percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, That included in this amount 
not more than 1 percent for decay. 
(ii) For defects en route or at 
destination. Not more than 12 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, That included in this amount not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed: 
(A) 10 percent for fruit having 
permanent defects; or 
(B) 3 percent for decay. 
(b) Discoloration—(1) U.S. No. 1, U.S. 
No. 1 Bright, U.S. Combination, and 
U.S. No. 2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade; No sample may have more than 20 percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration: Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. 
(2) U.S. No. 1 Bronze. At least 10 
percent of the fruit shall have more than one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage: Provided, That the 
entire lot averages within the percentage specified. No tolerance is provided for fruit showing no discoloration. 
(3) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 
percent of the fruit shall have more than two-thirds of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage: Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. 
1Shipping point, as used in these 
standards, means the point of origin of the 
shipment in the producing area or at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments from outside the 
continental United States, the port of entry into the United States. 
■11. Revise the undesignated center 
heading before § 51.629 to read as 
follows: 
Application of Tolerances 
■12. Revise § 51.629 to read as follows: 
§ 51.629 Application of tolerances. 
Individual samples are subject to the 
following limitations, unless otherwise 
specified in § 51.628. Individual samples shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance of less than 10 percent: Provided, That at least 
one decayed fruit may be permitted in any sample: And provided further, That 
the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade. 
■13. Revise § 51.630 to read as follows: 
§ 51.630 Standard pack. 
(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in 
size, unless specified as uniform in size. When packed in approved containers, fruit shall be arranged according to approved and recognized methods. 
(b) ‘‘Fairly uniform in size’’ means 
that not more than 10 percent of fruit in any lot, and not more than double that amount in any sample, are outside the ranges of diameters given in Table 1 to this section: 
TABLE 1 TO§ 51.630 TOPARAGRAPH  
(b)—7/10 B USHEL CARTON  
Pack size/Number of 
grapefruit Diameter in inches 
Minimum Maximum 
18 ............................. 4-15/16 5-9/16 
23 ............................. 4-5/16 5 
27 ............................. 4-2/16 4-12/16 
32 ............................. 3-15/16 4-8/16 
36 ............................. 3-13/16 4-5/16 
40 ............................. 3-10/16 4-2/16 
48 ............................. 3-9/16 3-14/16 
56 ............................. 3-5/16 3-10/16 
64 ............................. 3 3-8/16 
(c) ‘‘Uniform in size’’ means that not 
more than 10 percent of fruit in any lot, 
and not more than double that amount in any sample, may vary more than the following amounts: 
(1) 32 size and smaller—not more 
than six-sixteenths inch in diameter; and (2) 27 size and larger—not more than 
nine-sixteenths inch in diameter. 
(d) In order to allow for variations, 
other than sizing, incident to proper packing, not more than 5 percent of the packages in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of standard pack. 
■14. Revise § 51.637 to read as follows: 
§ 51.637 Injury. 
Injury means any specific defect 
described in Table 1 to § 51.652; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which slightly detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit. 
■15. Revise § 51.642 to read as follows: 
§ 51.642 Damage. 
Damage means any specific defect 
described in Table 1 to § 51.652; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit. 
■16. Revise § 51.646 to read as follows: 
§ 51.646 Serious damage. 
Serious damage means any specific 
defect described in Table 1 to § 51.652; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit. 
■17. Revise § 51.650 to read as follows: 
§ 51.650 Very serious damage. 
Very serious damage means any 
specific defect described in Table 1 to § 51.652; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit. 
■18. Revise § 51.652 to read as follows: 
§ 51.652 Classification of defects. 
All references to area or aggregate 
area, or length in this standard are based on a grapefruit 4
1⁄8inches in diameter, 
allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit. 
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TABLE 1 TO§ 51.652 
Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage 
Ammoniation ...................... ........................................... Not occurring as light 
speck type.Scars are cracked or dark 
and aggregating more 
than a circle 3⁄4inch in 
diameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Buckskin ............................ ........................................... Aggregating more than a 
circle 11⁄4inches in di-
ameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface.Aggregating more than 50 
percent of the surface. 
Caked melanose ............... ........................................... ........................................... Aggregating more than a 
circle 1 inch in diameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Dryness or mushy condi-
tion............................................ Affecting all segments 
more than 1⁄4inch at 
stem end, or the equiva-lent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit.Affecting all segments 
more than 
1⁄2inch at 
stem end, or the equiva-lent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit.Affecting all segments 
more than 
3⁄4inch at 
stem end, or the equiva-lent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit. 
Green spots or oil spots .... More than slightly affecting 
appearance.Aggregating more than a 
circle 1 inch in diameter.Aggregating more than a 
circle 11⁄2inches in di-
ameter..
Hail .................................... Not well healed, or aggre-
gating more than a circle 
3⁄8inch in diameter.Not well healed, or aggre-
gating more than a circle 
1⁄2inch in diameter.Not well healed, or aggre-
gating more than a circle 
5⁄8inch in diameter.Not well healed, or aggre-
gating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter. 
Scab .................................. ........................................... Materially detracts from 
the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 
3⁄4inch in diame-
ter.Seriously detracts from the 
shape or texture, or ag-gregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Scale .................................. More than a few adjacent 
to the ‘‘button’’ at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other por-tions of the fruit.Blotch aggregating more 
than a circle 
3⁄4inch in 
diameter, or occurring as a ring more than a circle 1
1⁄4inches in di-
ameter.Blotch aggregating more 
than a circle 1 inch in di-ameter, or occurring as a ring more than a circle 1
1⁄2inches in diameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Scars ................................. Depressed, not smooth, or 
detracts from appear-ance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade.Very deep or very rough 
aggregating more than a circle 
1⁄2inch in diame-
ter; deep or rough ag-gregating more than 1 inch in diameter; slightly rough or of slight depth aggregating more than 10 percent of surface.Very deep or very rough 
aggregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter; deep or rough aggre-gating more than 5 per-cent of the fruit surface; slight depth or slightly rough aggregating more than 15 percent of sur-face.Very deep or very rough or 
unsightly that appear-ance is very seriously affected. 
Skin Breakdown ................ ........................................... Aggregating more than a 
circle 3⁄8inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than a 
circle 5⁄8inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than a 
circle 11⁄4inches in di-
ameter. 
Sprayburn .......................... ........................................... ........................................... Hard or aggregating more 
than a circle 11⁄4inches 
in diameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Sprouting ........................... ........................................... More than 6 seeds are 
sprouted, including not more than 1 sprout ex-tending to the rind, re-mainder average not over 
1⁄4inch in length.More than 6 seeds are 
sprouted, including not more than 2 sprouts ex-tending to the rind, re-mainder average not over 
1⁄2inch in length.More than 6 seeds are 
sprouted, including not more than 3 sprouts ex-tending to the rind, re-mainder average not over 
3⁄4inch in length. 
Sunburn ............................. ........................................... Skin is flattened, dry, dark-
ened, or hard, aggre-gating more than 25 per-cent of surface.Skin is hard, fruit is decid-
edly one-sided, aggre-gating more than one- third of surface.Aggregating more than 50 
percent of fruit surface. 
Thorn scratches ................. Not well healed, or more 
unsightly than discolora-tion permitted in the grade.Not well healed, hard con-
centrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle 
3⁄4inch in diame-
ter, or slight scratches aggregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter.Not well healed, hard con-
centrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle 
7⁄8inch in diame-
ter, or slight scratches aggregating more than a circle 1
1⁄4inches in di-
ameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
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Subpart E—APPLICATION OF 
TOLERANCES 
■19. Revise the heading for Subpart E 
to read as set forth above. 
■20. Revise § 51.681 to read as follows: 
§ 51.681 U.S. Fancy. 
‘‘U.S. Fancy’’ consists of oranges 
which meet the following requirements: 
(a) Basic requirements: 
(1) Discoloration: Not more than one- 
tenth of the surface, in the aggregate, 
may be affected by discoloration. (See § 51.700.); 
(2) Firm; 
(3) Mature; (4) Similar varietal characteristics; (5) Smooth texture; (6) Well colored; and (7) Well formed. (b) Free from: (1) Ammoniation; (2) Bruises; (3) Buckskin; (4) Caked melanose; (5) Creasing; (6) Decay; (7) Growth cracks; (8) Scab; (9) Skin breakdown; 
(10) Sprayburn; (11) Undeveloped segments; (12) Unhealed skin breaks; and (13) Wormy fruit. (c) Free from injury caused by: (1) Green spots; (2) Hail; (3) Oil spots; (4) Rough, wide or protruding navels; (5) Scale; (6) Scars; (7) Split navels; and (8) Thorn scratches. (d) Free from damage caused by: (1) Dirt or other foreign material; (2) Disease; (3) Dryness or mushy condition; (4) Insects; (5) Sunburn; and (6) Other means. (e) For tolerances see § 51.689. 
■21. Revise § 51.682 to read as follows: 
§ 51.682 U.S. No. 1. 
‘‘U.S. No. 1’’ consists of oranges 
which meet the following requirements: 
(a) Basic requirements: (1) Color: (i) Early and midseason varieties shall 
be fairly well colored. 
(ii) For Valencia and other late 
varieties, not less than 50 percent, by 
count, shall be fairly well colored and the remainder reasonably well colored. 
(2) Discoloration: Not more than one- 
third of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by discoloration. (See § 51.700.); (3) Firm; 
(4) Fairly smooth texture; (5) Mature; (6) Similar varietal characteristics; 
and 
(7) Well formed. 
(b) Free from: (1) Bruises; (2) Caked melanose; (3) Decay; (4) Growth cracks; (5) Sprayburn; (6) Undeveloped segments; (7) Unhealed skin breaks; and (8) Wormy fruit. (c) Free from damage caused by: (1) Ammoniation; (2) Buckskin; 
(3) Creasing; (4) Dirt or other foreign material; (5) Disease; (6) Dryness or mushy condition; (7) Green spots; (8) Hail; (9) Insects; (10) Oil spots; (11) Scab; (12) Scale; (13) Scars; (14) Skin breakdown; (15) Split, rough or protruding navels; (16) Sunburn; (17) Thorn scratches; and (18) Other means. (d) For tolerances see § 51.689. 
■22. Revise § 51.684 to read as follows: 
§ 51.684 U.S. No. 1 Bronze. 
The requirements for this grade are 
the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that 
all fruit must show some discoloration and at least 10 percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration. The predominating discoloration on these fruits shall be of rust mite type. For tolerances see § 51.689. 
■23. Revise § 51.685 to read as follows: 
§ 51.685 U.S. Combination. 
‘‘U.S. Combination’’ consists of a 
combination of U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 oranges: Provided, That at least 55 
percent, by count, meet the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade for defects, And provided further, That the 
lot meets the basic requirement for discoloration as specified in the U.S. No. 2 grade. For tolerances see § 51.689. 
■24. Revise § 51.686 to read as follows: 
§ 51.686 U.S. No. 2. 
‘‘U.S. No. 2’’ consists of oranges 
which meet the following requirements: 
(a) Basic requirements: 
(1) Discoloration: Not more than one- 
half of the surface, in the aggregate, may 
be affected by discoloration. (See § 51.700.); (2) Fairly firm; 
(3) Mature; (4) Not more than slightly misshapen; (5) Not more than slightly rough 
texture; 
(6) Reasonably well colored; and (7) Similar varietal characteristics. (b) Free from: (1) Bruises; (2) Decay; (3) Growth cracks; (4) Unhealed skin breaks; and (5) Wormy fruit. (c) Free from serious damaged caused 
by: 
(1) Ammoniation; (2) Buckskin; (3) Caked melanose; (4) Creasing; (5) Dirt or other foreign material; (6) Disease; (7) Dryness or mushy condition; (8) Green spots; (9) Hail; (10) Insects; (11) Oil spots; (12) Scab; (13) Scale; (14) Scars; (15) Skin breakdown; (16) Split, rough or protruding navels; (17) Sprayburn; 
(18) Sunburn; (19) Thorn scratches; and (20) Other means. (d) For tolerances see § 51.689. 
■25. Revise § 51.687 to read as follows: 
§ 51.687 U.S. No. 2 Russet. 
The requirements for this grade are 
the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that 
at least 10 percent by count of the fruit shall have more than one-half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of discoloration. For tolerances see § 51.689. 
■26. Revise § 51.688 to read as follows: 
§ 51.688 U.S. No. 3. 
‘‘U.S. No. 3’’ consists of oranges 
which meet the following requirements: 
(a) Basic requirements: 
(1) Mature; (2) May be misshapen; (3) May be poorly colored. Not more 
than 25 percent of the surface may be 
of a solid dark green color; 
(4) May be slightly spongy; 
(5) May have rough texture; (6) Not seriously lumpy or cracked; 
and 
(7) Similar varietal characteristics. (b) Free from: (1) Decay; (2) Unhealed skin breaks; and (3) Wormy fruit. (c) Free from very serious damage 
caused by other means. 
(d) For tolerances see § 51.689. 
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■27. Revise § 51.689 to read as follows. 
§ 51.689 Tolerances. 
In order to allow for variations 
incident to proper grading and handling 
in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances, by count, based on a minimum 25 count sample, are provided as specified. No tolerance shall apply to wormy fruit. 
(a) Defects—(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 
1, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 2 Russet Grades—(i) For defects at shipping 
point.
1Not more than 10 percent of the 
fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, That included in this amount 
not more than 5 percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay. 
(ii) For defects en route or at 
destination. Not more than 12 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, That included in this amount 
not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed: 
(A) 10 percent for fruit having 
permanent defects; or 
(B) 7 percent for defects causing very 
serious damage, including therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent defects and not more than 3 percent for decay. 
(2) U.S. Combination—(i) For defects 
at shipping point.
1Not more than 10 
percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the U.S. No. 2 grade: Provided, That included in this 
amount not more than 5 percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay. 
(ii) For defects en route or at 
destination. Not more than 12 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the U.S. No. 2 grade: Provided, That included in this amount 
not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed: 
(A) 10 percent for fruit having 
permanent defects; or 
(B) 7 percent for defects causing very 
serious damage, including therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by permanent defects and not more than 3 percent for decay. 
(iii) For defects at shipping point
1 
and en route or at destination. No part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce for the lot as a whole, the 55 percent of U.S. No. 1 fruit required in the U.S. Combination grade, but individual samples may have not more than 15 percent less than the required percentage for the grade: Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage required. 
(3) U.S. No. 3—(i) For defects at 
shipping point.
1Not more than 10 
percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, That included in this amount 
not more than 1 percent for decay. 
(ii) For defects en route or at 
destination. Not more than 12 percent of 
the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, That included in this amount not more than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed: 
(A) 10 percent for fruit having 
permanent defects; or 
(B) 3 percent for decay. (b) Discoloration—(1) U.S. No. 1, U.S. 
No. 1 Bright, U.S. Combination, and U.S. No. 2. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each grade. No sample may have more than 20 percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration: Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. 
(2) U.S. No. 1 Bronze. At least 10 
percent of the fruit shall have more than one-third of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less than 5 percent of the fruit with required discoloration: Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. No tolerance shall apply to fruit showing no discoloration. 
(3) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 
percent of the fruit shall have more than one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less than 5 percent of the fruit with the required discoloration: Provided, That 
the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. 
1Shipping point, as used in these 
standards, means the point of origin of the 
shipment in the producing area or at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments from outside the continental United States, the port of entry into the United States. 
■28. Revise the undesignated center 
heading before § 51.690 to read as 
follows: 
Application of Tolerances 
■29. Revise § 51.690 to read as follows: 
§ 51.690 Application of tolerances. 
Individual samples are subject to the 
following limitations, unless otherwise 
specified in § 51.689. Individual samples shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified tolerance of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance of less than 10 percent: Provided, That at least 
one decayed may be permitted in any sample: And provided further, That the 
averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade. 
■30. Revise § 51.691 to read as follows: 
§ 51.691 Standard pack. 
(a) Fruit shall be fairly uniform in 
size. When packed in approved containers, fruit shall be arranged according to approved and recognized methods. 
(b) ‘‘Fairly uniform in size’’ means 
that not more than 10 percent of fruit in any lot, and not more than double that amount in any sample, are outside the ranges of diameters given in Table 1. 
TABLE 1 TO§ 51.691 P ARAGRAPH  
(b)—7/10 B USHEL CARTON  
Pack size/Number of 
oranges Diameter in inches 
Minimum Maximum 
24 ............................. 3-12/16 5-1/16 
32 ............................. 3-6/16 4-9/16 
36 ............................. 3-4/16 4-6/16 
40 ............................. 3-2/16 4-4/16 
48 ............................. 2-15/16 4 
56 ............................. 2-13/16 3-13/16 
64 ............................. 2-11/16 3-10/16 
72 ............................. 2-9/16 3-8/16 
88 ............................. 2-8/16 3-4/16 
113 ........................... 2-7/16 3 
138 ........................... 2-6/16 2-12/16 
163 ........................... 2-3/16 2-8/16 
(c) In order to allow for variations, 
other than sizing, incident to proper packing, not more than 5 percent of the packages in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of standard pack. 
■31. Revise § 51.699 to read as follows: 
§ 51.699 Injury. 
Injury means any specific defect 
described in Table 1 to § 51.713; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which slightly detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit. 
■32. Revise § 51.702 to read as follows: 
§ 51.702 Damage. 
Damage means any specific defect 
described in Table 1 to § 51.713; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit. 
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■33. Revise § 51.708 to read as follows: 
§ 51.708 Serious damage. 
Serious damage means any specific 
defect described in Table 1 to § 51.713; 
or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit. ■34. Revise § 51.711 to read as follows: 
§ 51.711 Very serious damage. 
Very serious damage means any 
specific defect described in Table 1 to § 51.713; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit. ■35. Revise § 51.713 to read as follows: 
§ 51.713 Classification of Defects. 
All references to area or aggregate 
area, or length in this standard are based 
on an orange 27⁄8inches in diameter, 
allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit. 
TABLE 1 TO§ 51.713 
Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage 
Ammoniation ...................... ........................................... Not occurring as light 
speck type.Scars are cracked or dark 
and aggregating more 
than a circle 3⁄4inch in 
diameter or light colored and aggregating more than a circle 1
1⁄4inches 
in diameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Buckskin ............................ ........................................... Aggregating more than a 
circle 1 inch in diameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface.Aggregating more than 50 
percent of the surface. 
Caked melanose ............... ........................................... ........................................... Aggregating more than a 
circle 3⁄4inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Creasing ............................ ........................................... Materially weakens the 
skin, or extends over more than one-third of the surface.Seriously weakens the 
skin, or extends over more than one-half of the surface.Very seriously weakens 
the skin, or is distributed over practically the en-tire surface. 
Dryness or mushy condi-
tion............................................ Affecting all segments 
more than 1⁄4inch at 
stem end, or the equiva-lent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit.Affecting all segments 
more than 
1⁄2inch at 
stem end, or the equiva-lent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit.Affecting all segments 
more than 
3⁄4inch at 
stem end, or the equiva-lent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit. 
Green spots or oil spots .... More than slightly affecting 
appearance.Aggregating more than a 
circle 7⁄8inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than a 
circle 11⁄4inches in di-
ameter..
Hail .................................... Not well healed, or aggre-
gating more than a circle 
1⁄4inch in diameter.Not well healed, or aggre-
gating more than a circle 
3⁄8inch in diameter.Not well healed, or aggre-
gating more than a circle 
1⁄2inch in diameter.Not well healed, or aggre-
gating more than a circle 
3⁄4inch in diameter. 
Scab .................................. ........................................... Materially detracts from 
the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 
5⁄8inch in diame-
ter.Seriously detracts from the 
shape or texture, or ag-gregating more than a circle 
3⁄4inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Scale .................................. More than a few adjacent 
to the ‘‘button’’ at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other por-tions of the fruit.Aggregating more than a 
circle 
5⁄8inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than a 
circle 3⁄4inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Scars ................................. Depressed, not smooth, or 
detracts from appear-ance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade.Deep, rough or hard ag-
gregating more than a circle 
1⁄4inch in diame-
ter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 
7⁄8 
inch in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 1
1⁄4 
inches in diameter.Deep, rough aggregating 
more than a circle 1⁄2 
inch in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 1
1⁄4inches in di-
ameter.Deep, rough or unsightly 
that appearance is very seriously affected. 
Skin breakdown ................. ........................................... Aggregating more than a 
circle 1⁄4inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than a 
circle 5⁄8inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
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TABLE 1 TO§ 51.713—Continued 
Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage 
Sunburn ............................. ........................................... Skin is flattened, dry, dark-
ened or hard, aggre-
gating more than 25 per-cent of the surface.Affecting more than one- 
third of the surface, hard, decidedly one- sided, or light brown and aggregating more than a circle 1
1⁄4inches in di-
ameter.Aggregating more than 50 
percent of the surface. 
Sprayburn .......................... ........................................... ........................................... Hard, or aggregating more 
than a circle 11⁄4inches 
in diameter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Split, rough or protruding 
navels.Split is unhealed; navel 
protrudes beyond gen-eral contour; opening is so wide, growth so fold-ed and ridged that it de-tracts noticeably from appearance.Split is unhealed, or more 
than 
1⁄4inch in length, or 
more than 3 well healed splits, or navel protrudes beyond the general con-tour, and opening is so wide, folded or ridged that it detracts materially from appearance.Split is unhealed, or more 
than 
1⁄2inch in length, or 
aggregate length of all splits exceed 1 inch, or navel protrudes beyond general contour, and opening is so wide, fold-ed and ridged that it se-riously detracts from ap-pearance.Split is unhealed or fruit is 
seriously weakened. 
Thorn scratches ................. Not slight, not well healed, 
or more unsightly than discoloration permitted in the grade.Not well healed, or hard 
concentrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle 
5⁄8inch in diame-
ter.Not well healed, or hard 
concentrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle 
3⁄4inch in diame-
ter.Aggregating more than 25 
percent of the surface. 
Bruce Summers, 
Administrator, Agricultural Marketing 
Service. 
[FR Doc. 2020–21437 Filed 10–28–20; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 3410–02–P 
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 
Federal Aviation Administration 
14 CFR Part 39 
[Docket No. FAA–2020–0625; Product 
Identifier 2016–SW–007–AD; Amendment 39–21315; AD 2020–22–19] 
RIN 2120–AA64 
Airworthiness Directives; Various 
Restricted Category Helicopters 
AGENCY : Federal Aviation 
Administration (FAA), DOT. 
ACTION : Final rule. 
SUMMARY : The FAA is adopting a new 
airworthiness directive (AD) for various restricted category helicopters, originally manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation (Sikorsky), Model EH–60A, HH–60L, S–70, S–70A, S–70C, S–70C(M), S– 70C(M1), and UH–60A. This AD requires initial and recurring inspections of the main rotor (M/R) blade spindle cuff for a crack. This AD was prompted by multiple reports of a cracked M/R blade spindle cuff. These actions are intended to prevent an unsafe condition on these products. DATES : This AD is effective December 3, 
2020. 
ADDRESSES : For service information 
identified in this final rule, contact your local Sikorsky Field Representative or Sikorsky’s Service Engineering Group at Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, 124 Quarry Road, Trumbull, CT 06611; telephone 1–800–946–4337 (1–800– Winged–S); email wcs_ cust_ service_
eng.gr-sik@lmco.com. Operators may 
also log on to the Sikorsky 360 website at https://www.sikorsky360.com. You 
may view the referenced service information at the FAA, Office of the Regional Counsel, Southwest Region, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Room 6N–321, Fort Worth, TX 76177. 
Examining the AD Docket 
You may examine the AD docket on 
the internet at https://
www.regulations.gov by searching for 
and locating Docket No. FAA–2020– 0625; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains this AD, any comments received, and other information. The street address for Docket Operations is U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M– 30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : 
Kristopher Greer, Aerospace Engineer, Boston ACO Branch, Compliance and Airworthiness Division, FAA, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803; telephone 781– 238–7799; email kristopher.greer@faa.gov. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : 
Discussion 
The FAA issued a notice of proposed 
rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR part 39 by adding an AD that would apply to various restricted category helicopters, originally manufactured by Sikorsky, Model EH–60A, HH–60L, S–70, S–70A, S–70C, S–70C(M), S– 70C(M1), and UH–60A, with an M/R blade spindle cuff part number 70150– 09109–041 installed. The NPRM published in the Federal Register on 
July 9, 2020 (85 FR 41221). 
The NPRM was prompted by multiple 
reports of a cracked M/R blade spindle cuff. In 2008, Sikorsky reported an M/R blade spindle cuff on a Model UH– 60A helicopter that cracked across the lower inboard bolt holes. Investigation determined the crack was caused by a non-conforming hole edge break, specifically a burr, introduced during an overhaul at a non-Sikorsky overhaul facility. Sikorsky issued Sikorsky Safety Advisory No. SSA–S70–08–002, dated December 11, 2008 (SSA–S70–08–002), for Black Hawk Model H–60– and S–70- series helicopters to inform operators of the incident and recommend compliance with Sikorsky’s preventative maintenance inspections. The safety advisory also recommended that operators with M/R blades 
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