ICS 97.160  
 
Reference number  
DRS 477-1: 2021  
© RSB 2021  
  
 RWANDA 
STANDARD  DRS 
477-1  
 
First  edition  
2021 -mm-dd 
 
Bed coverings  — Specification  — 
Part 1: synthetic fibre filled   
   
DRS 477 -1: 2021  
©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved                  ii 
 In order to match with technological development and to keep continuous progress in industries, 
standards are subject to periodic review. Users shall ascertain that they are in possession of the latest 
edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© RSB 2021  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized 
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without 
prior written permission from R SB. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to : 
Rwanda Standards  Board  
P.O Box 7099 Kigali -Rwanda  
KK 15 Rd, 49  
Tel. +250 788303492  
Toll Free: 3250  
E-mail: info@rsb.gov.rw  
Website: www.rsb.gov.rw  
ePortal: www.portal.rsb.gov.rw   DRS 4 77-1: 2021  
iii                ©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved  
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  2 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  2 
4.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  2 
4.2 Construction  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3 
4.3 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  3 
4.3.1  Casing fabric for duvets, quilts  and pillows  ................................ ................................ ..............  3 
4.3.2  Synthetic -fibre filling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  4 
4.3.3  Sewing thread  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  4 
4.3.4  Stitches and seams  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  5 
4.3.5  Mass per unit area of assembled duvet, quilt and pillow  ................................ .........................  5 
4.3.6  Finished dimensions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  5 
4.3.7  Pillow ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  5 
5 Thermal resistance  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  6 
6 Warmth -to-mass ratio  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  6 
7 Packing an d labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  6 
7.1 Packing  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  6 
7.1.1  Pieces  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  6 
7.1.2  Bulk  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  6 
7.2 Marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  6 
7.2.1  Pieces  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  6 
7.2.2  Bulk container  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  6 
8 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 7 
Annex  A (normative)  Finished dimensions  ................................ ................................ ...........................  8 
A.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  8 
A.2 Conditioning  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 8 
A.3 Finished dimensions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  8 
Annex  B (normative)  Determination of  mass per unit area and calculation of Warmth -to-weight 
ratio  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  9 
B.1 Determination of mass per unit area  ................................ ................................ ..........................  9 
B.2 Calculation of the w armth -to-weight -ratio of the duvet  ................................ ............................  9 
 DRS 477 -1: 2021  
©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved                  iv 
 Foreword   
Rwanda Standard s are prepared  by Technical Committees and approved by R wanda Standards Board (RSB) 
Board  of Directors in  accordance with the procedures of RSB, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT 
agreement on the preparation, adoption and application of standards.  
The main task of technical committees is to prepare national standards.  Final Draft Rwanda S tandards adopted 
by Technical committ ees are ratified  by me mbers of RSB Board of Director s for publication and gazettment as 
Rwanda Standards.  
DRS 477-1 was prepared by Technical Committee RSB/TC 029,Textile and Leather Technology . 
In the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following standard  : 
1) SANS 1394 -2:2003, Duvets and pillows Part 2: Synthetic -fibre filled  
2) KS 2668: 2016, Duvet, Quilts and Accessory products —Specification  
The assistance derived from the above  source is hereby acknowledged with thanks.  
DRS 477 consists of the following parts, under the general title Bed coverings — Specification:  
 Part 1: Synthetic -fibre filled  
 Part 2: Plumage filled  
Committee membership  
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee on Textile and leather technology 
(RSB/TC 029) in the preparation of this standard.  
ABAHIZI RWANDA Ltd  
GBF Leather and Art promoters Ltd  
HeWorks Silk Rwanda Ltd  
LIXIL/SATO  
Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM)  
National Agricultural Export Development Board (NAEB)  
Rene Pharmacy  
Rwanda Inspectorate, Competition and Consumer Protection Authority (RICA)  
Sunbelt textiles Rwanda Ltd  
University of Rwanda /College of Science and Technology (UR -CST)  
UTEXRWA Ltd  
Rwanda  Standards Board  (RSB) – Secretariat  
 DRS 477-1: 2021  
1                ©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved  
 Bed coverings  — Specification — Part 1: Synthetic fibre  filled  
1 Scope   
This Draft  Rwanda Standard specifies the requireme nts, sampling and test methods for synthetic fibre filled bed 
coverings namely duvet , quilt, and pillow . 
This Draft Standard does not apply to items of bedding that are  supplied for use in children’s products such as 
baby cots, Moses baskets and sleeping bags.  
2 Normative references   
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes 
requirements of this document . For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the 
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
RS 313 , Seams,  stitches and stitching —Nomenclature and classification  
ISO 105 -C06, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part C06: Colour fastness to domestic and commercial 
laundering  
RS ISO 105 -D01, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part D01: Colour fastness to drycleaning using 
perchlorroethylene solvent  
ISO 105 -X12, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part X12: Colour fastness to rubbing  
RS ISO 105 -E04, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness  — Part E04: Colour fastness to perspiration  
RS ISO 105 -B02, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part B02: Colour fastness to artifici al light: Xenon arc 
fading lamp test  
RS ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing  
RS ISO 1833, Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis  
ISO 1973, Textile fibres – Determination of linear density – Gravimetric method and vibrosc ope method.  
ISO 2062, Textiles — Yarns from packages — Determination of single -end breaking force and elongation at 
break using constant rate of extension (CRE) tester  
RS ISO 3758, Care labelling code using symbols  
ISO 3759 , Textiles — Preparation, marking  and measuring of fabric specimens and garments in tests for 
determination of dimensional change  
RS ISO 3801, Textiles — Woven fabrics — Determination of mass per unit length and mass per unit area  
RS ISO 5077, Textiles — Determination of dimensional change in washing and drying  
ISO 5085 -1, Textiles — Determination of thermal resistance — Part 1: Low thermal resistance  
ISO 6989, Textile fibres – Determination of length and length distribution of staple fibres (by measurement of 
single fibres)  
ISO 9237,  Textiles — Determination of the permeability of fabrics to air  
RS ISO 12945 -2 Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing and to pilling -- Part 2: Modified Martindale 
method  
RS ISO 13934 -1, Textiles — Tensile  properties of fabrics — Part 1: Determination of maximum force and 
elongation at maximum force using the strip method  
ISO 13935 -1, Textiles — Seam tensile properties of fabrics and made -up textile articles — Part 1: Determination 
of maximum force to seam rupture using the strip method  
RS ISO 22198, Textiles — Fabrics — Determination of width and length   
©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved                  2 
 RS ISO 24153 , Random sampling and randomization procedures  
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this standard, the follow ing terms and definitions apply. 
3.1  
casing  or primary cover  
textile fabric that contains the filling   
3.2 
duvet  
bed covering assembly, consist ing of insulating filler secured between two layers of fabric stitched together 
designed to reduce heat loss  
3.3 
filling/ filler  
 insulating  material  contai ned within the casing of a duvet , quilt or pillow  
3.4 
gauge (stitch -bond fabric)   
number of rows of stitches per 25 mm width of fabric  
3.5 
outer cover   
textile fabric  that contains a duvet, quilt or a pillow and that is easily removable fo r cleaning purposes  
3.6 
quilt 
bed coverlet  made of two layers of fabric with some soft substance between them and stitched in patterns or 
embroidered through all thicknesses to pr event the filling from shifting  
3.7 
 accessories  products   
products  which enhance the decorative featur e of the duvet or  quilt 
3.7.1  
 duvet covers  
decorative outer cover in which duvet is inserted  
3.7.2  
 bed skirt  
decorative product which is positioned below the mattress and drapes to the floor also known as dust ruffle  
3.8 
tog 
measure of thermal insula tion of a unit area, equal to one-tenth of a square meter Kelvin per watt  
3.9 
thermal resistance  
ten times the temperature difference between the two faces (in K) of a duvet when heat flow rate across unit 
area equals 1 W/m2  
NOTE  Thermal resistance is also known as tog value  
3.10 
warmth -to-weight  ratio  
measure of the efficiency of the duvet which equals to the ratio of the thermal resistance of the duvet (in togs) 
to its mass per unit area  
4 Requirements  
4.1 General  requireme nts   
Duvets,  quilts  and pillows  shall be:  DRS 477-1: 2021  
3                ©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved  
 a) cut and made with first -class workmanship throughout;  
b) free from defects that could affect their appearance or their serviceability (or both);  
c) made such that all seams are smooth and all sewing is free from twists,  pleats and puckers, and sufficiently 
extensible to prevent seam -cracking and undue shrinkage in use;  
d) made such that all ends of sewing have been trimmed and loose threads removed;  
e) made such that ends of sewing that are not secured in seams or in other sew ing are adequately 
backstitched;  
f) of uniform and acceptable make, colour and finish;  
g)  capable of being cleaned in accordance with the care instructions, without giving rise to any defect, such 
as puckering, lumpiness, tears, etc. ; and  
h) delivered in a clean a nd commercially dry condition.   
4.2 Construction  
4.2.1  The base and the top -of-the-casing fabric of a  duvet, quilt and pillow shall, after introduction of the 
filling, be stitched through in transverse, longitudinal, diagonal or circular lines of stitching. Th e ends and side 
edges shall be secured together by seaming, binding, or overlocking.  
4.2.2   A pillow shall consist of a casing, made from one piece of fabric or from two equally sized pieces of 
fabric enclosing a synthetic -fibre filling.  
4.3 Specific requirem ents 
4.3.1  Casing fabric for duvets, quilts and pillows  
The casing fabric shall be either a woven fabric or a stitch -bond fabric of at least 14 gauge and shall comply 
with the performance requirements of Table 1 when tested in accordance with tests methods specified therein.  
4.3.1.1  Performance requirements  
Table 1  — Casing fabric performance requirements  
Property  Requirement  Test method  
Fibre composition a, %  Shall comply with the  
Stated  composition  Relevant  part of  RS 
ISO 1833  
 
Mass per unit area , g/m2, min.  90 RS ISO 3801  
Breaking strength , 
N, min.  
 
 Warp  350 RS ISO 13934 -1 
Weft  200 
Pilling resistance , rating,  min.  4 RS ISO 12945 -2 
Resistance to opening at seams , N, min.  65 RS ISO 13935 -1 
Air permeability , 
mL/(cm2•s) Woven casing made from spun staple yarns  25-30 ISO 9237  
Casing made from  other w oven  fabrics  15-20 
Dimensional 
changes , %, max.  After 5 
washings  100 % cellulosic 
or cellulosic -rich 
blended fabrics  Warp  8 RS ISO 5077  
Weft  4 
Warp  3  
©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved                  4 
 100 % synthetic -
fibre or synthetic -
fibre-rich blended 
fabrics  Weft 3 
Stitch -bond 
fabrics:  
. Length 
direction  8 
Width 
direction  4 
After 5dry -
cleaning  Warp  3  
ISO 3759  Weft  3 
a As state d on the label subject to a tolerance of ± 3 % of the indicated value in the case of blended fabrics.  
4.3.1.2  Colour fastness requirements  
The fabric casing of the duvet, quilt and pillow shall comply with the colour  fastness requirements of Table 2, 
when tested in accordance with the test methods specified therein.  
Table 2  — Colour  fastness requirements for casing fabric of duvet , quilts, pillows & accessory 
products  (Duvet covers and Bed skirt)  
Colour fastness to:  Requirement  Test method  
Light , rating, min.  5 RS ISO 105 -B02 
Washing, min Colour change  4 ISO 105 -C06 
Staining  4 
Dry-cleaning, min Colour change  4 RS ISO 105 -D01 
Staining  4 
Rubbing, min Colour change  4 ISO 105 -X12 
staining  4 
Perspiration , min.  Acid Colour change  4 RS ISO 105 -E04 
staining  4 
Alkali  Colour change  4 
staining  4 
 
4.3.2  Synthetic -fibre filling  
4.3.2.1  Fibre composition  
When  tested in accordance with  the relevant part of  ISO 1833 , synthetic -fibre filling shall consist entirely of 
clean, crimped continuous filaments or staple synthetic fibres . 
4.3.2.2  Linear  density  
When  tested in accordance with ISO 197 3, the fibre linear density shall be between 4,5 dtex and 17,0 dtex  
4.3.2.3  Fibre  length  
When tested in accordance with  ISO 6989, the length of staple fibres shall be at least 30 mm. The fibres shall 
be thermobonded  or resin -bonded and the blend of melting fibres shall not exceed 30 %.  
4.3.3  Sewing thread  
The minimum breaking strength of the thread shall be at least 8 N when tested in accordance with  ISO 2062  DRS 477-1: 2021  
5                ©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved  
 4.3.4   Stitches and seams  
4.3.4.1   Stitches  
Stitches shall comply with the following requirements  as described in RS 313 : 
a) binding: stitch type 301 or 401;  
b) edge -overlocking: stitch type 505 or 502;  
c) all other stitching: stitch type 301; and  
4.3.4.2  Seams  
Seams shall comply with the following requirements as described in RS 313 : 
a) All seams of the casing shall be sewn with not less than 32 s titches per 10 cm for duvets & q uilts filled with 
man-made fibres, unless one of the following occurs:  
i) If the edges of the casing are bound in this case, they shall be sewn with not less than 20 stitches 
Per 10 cm  
ii) If the edges of the casing are overlocked in this case they shall be sewn with not less than 50 
stitches per 10 cm  
b) edge -overlocked closing seams of seam type SSn -1 shall be of width at least 4 mm. All other seams shall 
be of width at least 8 mm;  
c) other closing seams shall be of type SSc -a, BSc -1, SSa -1, SSav -2 or SSn -1 and the wall seam type shall 
be SSc -1. 
4.3.5  Mass per unit area  of assembled duvet, quilt and pillow   
The mass per unit area shall be within  ± 5 % of the nominal mass per unit area when mea sured in accordance  
with Annex B. 
4.3.6  Finished dimensions  
4.3.6.1  Duvets and quilts  
When tested in accordance with RS ISO 22198, the  nominal dimensions of a duvet or quilt shall be one of the 
combinatio ns given in columns 2 and 3 of T able 4 , subject to ± 2% tolerance  of the declared dimensions.  
Table 4  — Finished dimensions  
(1) (2) (3) 
Bed size  Dimensions , cm 
Width  Length  
Single  130-140 
 200 
Three -quarter  150 200 
Double  200 200 
Queen  225-230 200 
King  230 220 
Extra king  250 220 
 
4.3.7  Pillow  
When tested in accordance with RS ISO 22198, t he nominal dimensions of the made -up duvet, quilt or pillow 
shall be one of the combinatio ns given in columns 2 and 3 of T able 4 , subject to ± 2% tolerance of the declared 
dimensions.   
©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved                  6 
 Table 5  — Unfilled casing dimensions  
(1) (2) (3) 
Pillow size  Dimensions, cm 
Width  Length  
Small  30 40 
Mediu m 45 70 
Large  80 80 
5 Thermal  resistance  
When  determined in accordance with ISO 5085 -1, the actual tog value of a duvet  shall be not less than a half  
tog than the value stated on the label and shall not exceed it by more than 3 togs.        
The nominal thermal resistance  of a duvet determined and labelled  as its tog value, shall be 4.5 togs, 6.0 togs, 
7.5 togs, 9.0 togs, 10.5 togs, 12.0 togs , 13.5 to gs or 15.0 as required.  
6 Warmth -to-mass ratio  
When determined in accordance with Annex C the warmth -to-mass ratio of a duvet shall be at least 100 . 
7 Packing and labelling  
7.1 Packing  
7.1.1  Pieces  
Each piece of duvet , quilt and pillow  shall be wrapped  individually in an acceptable wrapper  to prevent 
contamination during storage and transportation.  
7.1.2  Bulk  
The neatly and securely wrapped pieces shall be packed in a suitable bulk container . A bulk container shall 
consist  of only the same ty pe, dimensions an d style of duvets, quilts or pillows.  
7.2 Marking  
7.2.1  Pieces   
The follow ing information shall appear in  legible and indelible marking on a label securely attached to an edge 
of, or on top (near one of the corners) of each duvet, quilts and pillow:  
a) name of the pro duct as ”duvet” or “quilt” or pillow;  
b)  manufacturer’s name or trademark or both;  
c) nominal dimensions  in centimetres;  
d) fibre composition of the casing fabric and of the filling;  
e) care instructions according to R S ISO 3758 ; 
f) tog value, in the case of duvets;   
NOTE  When the thermal resistance of a duvet varies according to its mode of use (e.g. which surface is uppermost), 
the thermal resistance shall be marked for each mode of use, together with the manufacturer’s instructions as to the manner 
by which the vari ation is achieved.  
g) nominal mass per unit area, in g / m2; and  
h) country of origin . 
7.2.2  Bulk container  
The following information shall be  legibly and indelibly  marked on the bulk container:  DRS 477-1: 2021  
7                ©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved  
 a) name of the product as ”duvet” or “quilt” or pillow;  
b) number of pieces  
c) manufacturer’s name or trademark or both;  
d) nominal dimensions in centimetres;  
e) fibre composition  and proportion for  the casing fabric and the filling;  and 
f) country of origin.  
8 Sampling  
Sampling shall be done in accordance with RS ISO 24153   
©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved                  8 
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Finished dimensions   
A.1 General  
After checking for compliance with the relevant requirements given in Clause 5, visually examine each  duvet, 
quilt or pillow in the sample for compliance with the requirements of clause  4.1. 
A.2 Conditioning  
The fabric should be c onditioned according to RS ISO 139.  
A.3 Finished dimensions  
A.3.1  Lay the duvet, quilt or pillow flat on a plain surface. Gently pat the  duvet, quilt or  pillow (without 
subjecting it to tension) with the  hands until it is free from all storage folds and wrinkl es. 
A.3.2  Use an accurately graduated steel tape of length greater than the length of the  duvet, quilt or  pillow to 
determine, to  the nearest 1cm, at approximately three equal intervals in each direction, the width and the length 
of the  duvet, quilt or pil low. 
A.3.3  Calculate the arithmetic mean of each set of measurements and record the results as the width and  the 
length, respectively, of  the duvet, quilt or pillow.  
  DRS 477-1: 2021  
9                ©RSB 2021 - All rights reserved  
 Annex  B 
(normative)  
 
Determination of  mass per unit area and calculation of Warmth -to-
weight  ratio  
B.1 Determination of mass per unit area  
B.1.1 Condition the duvet, quilt or pillow in accordance with RS ISO 139.  
B.1.2 Determine, to the nearest gram, the mass of the conditioned sample.  
B.1.3 Calculate the mass per square metre using the formula below : 
Mass per unit area=104 m(w x l) 
Where  
m is the mass of duvet, quilt or pillow in g  
l is the length of the duvet, quilt or pillow (in, cm) determined in accordance RS ISO 22198  
 w is the width of the duvet, quilt or pillow t (in, cm) determined in accordance with RS ISO 22198  
B.1.4 Express the results in g/m2 
B.2 Calculation of the warmth -to-weight -ratio  of the duvet  
Calculate the warmth -to-mass ratio, Q, in meters to the fourth kelv in per watt per kilogram, as follows:  
Q = (R x w x b)/m  
where 
Q is the warmth -to-weight -ratio of the duvet ; 
m is the mean thermal resistance of the duvet ( in tog)  (see A15), in metre -squared kelvin per watt;  
m, l, w are as defined in C.1 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DRS  477-1: 2021  
 
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