Reference number  
DRS 411: 2019  
© RSB 2019  
 
 
 RWANDA 
STANDARD  DRS  
411:219  
 
1st edition  
2019 -mm-dd 
 
Sport  balls — Specification  
Part 1:  
Foot balls DRS 411: 2019  
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  ii 
 In order to match with technological development and to keep continuous progress in industries, 
standards are subject to periodic review. Users shall ascertain that they are in possession of the latest 
edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© RSB 2019  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized 
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without 
prior written permission from R SB. 
Requests for permission to reprodu ce this document should be addressed to : 
Rwanda Standards  Board  
P.O Box 7099 Kigali -Rwanda  
KK 15 Rd, 49  
Tel. +250 788303492  
Toll Free: 3250  
E-mail: info@rsb.gov.rw  
Website: www.rs b.gov.rw   
ePortal: www.portal.rsb.gov.rw   DRS 411: 2019  
iii                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  v 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  1 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  2 
4.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  2 
4.2 Materials requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  3 
4.3 The cover  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 3 
5 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  4 
5.1 Stitching  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  4 
5.2 Bladder  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  4 
5.3 Cover ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  4 
5.4 Performance requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  4 
6 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 5 
7 Test methods  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  6 
7.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  6 
7.2 Test Conditioning  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  6 
8 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  6 
Annex  A (normative)  T esting the Circumference  ................................ ................................ ..................  7 
A.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  7 
A.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 7 
A.3 Procedures  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 7 
A.4 Calculations  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 7 
Annex  B (normative)  Testing sphericity  ................................ ................................ ................................  8 
B.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  8 
B.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 8 
B.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 8 
Annex  C (normative)  Testing the ball rebound  ................................ ................................ .....................  9 
C.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  9 
C.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 9 
C.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 9 
C.3.1  Test with ball at ambient temperature: ................................ ................................ .......................  9 
C.3.2  Test with ball at cold temperature  ................................ ................................ ..............................  9 
C.4 Calculation and expression of results  ................................ ................................ .....................  10 
Annex  D (normative) Determination of water absorption  ................................ ................................ ... 11 
D.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 11 
D.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 11 
D.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 12 
D.4 Calculation and expression of results  ................................ ................................ .....................  12 
Annex  E (normative)  Testing the ball weight ................................ ................................ .......................  13 
E.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 13 DRS 411: 2019  
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  iv 
 E.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 13 
E.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 13 
E.4 Calculation and expression of results  ................................ ................................ .....................  13 
Annex  F (normative)  Determination of the loss of pressure  ................................ .............................  14 
F.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 14 
F.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 14 
F.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 14 
F.4 Calculation and expression of results  ................................ ................................ .....................  14 
Annex  G (normative)  Determination of the shape and size retention  ................................ ..............  15 
G.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 15 
G.2 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 15 
G.3 Calculation and expression of results  ................................ ................................ .....................  16 
 DRS 411: 2019  
v                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Rwanda Standard s are prepared  by Technical Committees and approved by R wanda Standards Board (RSB) 
Board  of Directors in  accordance with the procedures of RSB, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT 
agreement on the preparation, adoption and application of standards.  
The main task of technical committees is to prepare national standards.  Final Draft Rwanda S tandards adop ted 
by Technical committ ees are ratified  by me mbers of RSB Board of Director s for publication and gazettment as 
Rwanda Standards.  
DRS  was prepared by Technical Committee RSB/TC 029 Textile and Leather technology . 
In the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following document:  
IS 417 ( Part 1 ): 2003 Footballs, volleyballs, basketballs, netballs, throwballs and water -polo balls —part 1: 
Footballs (Four Revision)  
The assistance derived from the above source is hereby acknowledged with thanks.  
Committee membership  
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee on Textile and Leather technology 
(RSB/TC 029) in the preparation of this standard.  
Ministry of Trade and Industries (MINICOM)  
Federation Rwandaise de Foot ball Association (FERWAFA)  
Ministry of Health (MINISANTE)  
LIXIL  
Rwanda  Standards Board  (RSB) – Secretariat   DRS 411: 2019  
1                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 Sport  balls — Specifications  Part1: Foot balls 
1 Scope   
This draft Rwanda standard specifies the requirements, the sampling and the methods of test for  outdoor  
footballs of size  3, size 4 and size 5 . 
2 Normative references   
There are no normative references in this  document   
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply  
3.1 
panels    
different segments  that make up the outside  of the ball  
3.2  
sphericity  
degree to which the shap e of a football l approaches  a sphere  
3.3  
water a bsorption  
amount of water absorbed  by a material  under  specified  test conditions  
3.4  
bladder  
the chamber inside the inflatable ball filled with air to keep the ball inflated  
3.5 
cover  
The outer surface of footballs   
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  2 
 3.5 
lining  
 layers of fabric   placed  between the cover and the bladder  to give the ball strength, structure and bounce  
3.6  
thickness   
small initial  dimension of the rectangular cross -section in the central part of a test specimen , expressed in 
millimetres(mm)  
4 Requirements  
4.1 General requirements  
The footballs shall fulfil the following general requirements : 
a) be spherical  
b) be of the correct size in accordance with the age of the player  
c) It shall present a neat, well -finished appearance and shall be free from all defects  
which   might affect its f unctionality  
d) It shall be free from biological, chemical and physical contaminants.  
e) be of the right weight  
f) be properly inflated with the right amount of air pressure  
g) have a safety valve to prevent the loss of pressure ; and  
h) be suitable for all weather conditions  
 
 
 DRS 411: 2019  
3                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 4.2 Materials  requirements  
The materials used for making th e foot balls shall comply with the following requirements  
a) be clean  
b) less water -absorbent in accordance with Table 1 
c) not harmful to the player  
d) environmental friendly products to prevent pollution  
e) non banned  on Rwandan market ; and  
f) shock -proof  
 
4.3 The cover   
The c over of the  footballs shall comply with the following requirements:  
a) be made of polyurethane (PU) or Poly Vinyl Carbonate (PVC) , a combination of both or synthetic leather  or 
other materials  which comply with clause 4.2.  
b) be cleanable to remove dirt and grit from grass  
c) be non-fade 
d) be free from harmful materials, splits, holes, and protruding points when visually examined;  
e) be abrasion resistant  
f) be incredibly water -resistant  
g) the panels should be well sewn together  
h) the seams shall be intact ; and  
i) have smooth surface  
NOTE  Strong water -resistance ensures that the best possible value from a new football  is obtain ed. Extra water 
absorption makes the ball heavier to the foot, which  increase s the chance of   injury  to the player  and prematurely degrade s 
the materials of the ball itself.   
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  4 
 5 Specific requirements  
5.1 Stitching                  
The footballs  shall be stitched with linen or cotton thread and shall have 24 ± 2 stitches per  decimeter . The 
stitches shall be well stretched. When the ball is inflated to the air pressure given the visible threads shall not 
be more than 2 mm deep from the surface of the ball.  
5.2 Bladder    
The bladder of the foot balls shall comply with the following  requirements:  
a) be properly inflated in accordance with Table 2; and  
b) retain the inflation pressure  
c) made from but not limited to latex,  butyl  
5.3 Cover  
The cover of the footballs shall comply with the requirements given in T able 1  when tested in accordance wit h 
the methods specified therein.   
Table 1 - physical requirements for the football cover  
S/N Characteristics  Requirement  Test method  
1.  Thickness, mm, min  2.2 ISO 2589  
2.  Tensile strength, kg/cm2 , min  200 ISO 3376  
 
5.4 Performance requirements  
The footballs  shall comply with the performan ce requirements given in Table 2  when tested in accordance with 
the methods specified therein.  
Table  2- Performance requirements for football s 
 
S/N Characteristics  Size 3  Size 4  Size 5  Test 
method  
1.  Age of the player  U7-U9 years   U10-U12  
years  13 years  and 
above   
2.  Circumference, cm  58.5 – 61 63.5-66 68-70 Annex A  
3.  Sphericity, max  2% 2% 2% Annex B  DRS 411: 2019  
5                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 4.  Rebound  
At 200c, cm  
At 50c, cm,  min  
110-150 
110  
110-160 
110  
115-165 
110 Annex C  
5.  Water absorption  15-20% 15-20% 15-20% Annex D  
6.  Acceptable weight, g  312-340 350-390 410-450 Annex E  
7.  Ball pressure, bar  0.8 0.8 0.8 Annex F  
8.  Loss of pressure , max  25% 25% 25% Annex F  
9.   
Size/shape retention with 
change of pressure  
 
Increase in circumference  
Deviation on sphericity  
Change of pressure   
 
 
 
max. 1.5 cm  
max. 1.5%  
max. 0.1 bar  
  
 
 
 
max. 1.5 cm  
max. 1.5%  
max. 0.1 bar  
  
 
 
 
max. 1.5 cm  
max. 1.5%  
max. 0.1 bar  
 
 Annex G  
U = under  
 
6 Sampling  
6.1 In any consignment, all the balls manufactured under similar conditions from the same raw material s and 
having the same size shall be grouped together to constitute a lot.  
6.2 Samples of balls shall be collected and  tested separately for each lot.   
6.3 Number of balls selected at random from the lot depends upon the size of the lot and sha ll be in 
accordance with Table 3 . 
Table  3- Sample size  
S/N                                           
Lot size  Dimension , mass and visual 
examination  For Prolonged Inflation Test 
Loss of Pressure, Water 
Absorption, Rebound test,  
Shape and Size Retention  
Sample size  Acceptance size 
number  Sample size  Acceptance 
size number  
i.  up to 500  13 1 5 0 
ii.  501 to 1000  20 2 8 0 
iii.  1001 to3 000  32 3 13 0 
iv.  3001 to5000  50 5 20 1 
v.  5001 and above  80 7 32 2 
 
  
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  6 
 6.4 The number of balls in a sample shall be selected at random from the lot  
6.5 Each ball in the sample shall be in spected for the tests given in Table 2 .  A ball failing in any one or more 
of these tests shall be considered as defective. The lot shall be considered as conforming to these requirements  
if the nu mber  of defective balls in the sample does not  exceed the number given Table 3 . 
7 Test methods  
7.1 General  
A ball must successfully pass the seven tests such as the ball’s weight, circumference, roundness/sphericity, 
bounce, water absorption, loss of pressure a nd shape and size retention. The methods of tests are described 
in Annex A -F. 
7.2 Test Conditioning  
The  footballs are inflated with compressed air to a defined pressure of 0.8bar ± 0.01. The air pressure in the 
football is measured with a pressure gauge; a valve for the release of air is situated between the pressure gauge 
and the needle. The needle is to be lubricated with silicone oil  or silicone lubricant spray  or glycerin oil.   
A pressure gauge of 1.5 bar with an accuracy of ±0.01 bar is to be used for inflating. The footballs are 
conditioned for at least 24 hours in a standard atmosphere of temperature 20°C ± 2°C and relative humidity 
65% ± 5%.  
8 Labelling  
Each football shall be marked with the following:  
a) Ball size (size 3, 4,or 5)  
b) name of the  cover material  
c) recommended air pressure  
d) the manufacturer’s name, initials or trade -mark ; and  
e) manufacturing  date  
 DRS 411: 2019  
7                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Testing the Circumference  
A.1 Principle  
The circumference test indicates the dimension of the ball as an average value based on different axes of 
measurement. This test is critical to ensure the ball is the correct size for the game of football.  It requires the 
sample balls to be conditioned fo r at least 24 hours.  
A.2 Apparatus  
CM ruler will be used  
A.3 Procedures  
 Below are the procedures followed to properly measure a football l circumference  
a) inflate ball  to the proper pressure as per 7 .1 
b)  place ball in the corner of a 90° angle. Example, place ball on a table top that butts up against a 90° wall, 
making sure the ball is touching both the table top and the wall. A large panel of the ball should be touching 
the wall and facing away from the wall towards you.  
c) then place a square up against a large panel  of the ball, which is 180° degrees from the large panel of the 
ball which is touching the wall, as if you are using the square to hold the ball in place, against the wall. But 
do not apply any pressure against the ball, with the square, only very slight p ressure, enough to hold the 
ball in place, without indenting the ball panel.  
d) then mark a spot on the table top, where the front of the square is touching both the ball and table. The 
distance from the wall to this mark is the diameter of the ball.  
e) now meas ure that diameter with a CM ruler in ten exactly defined points.  
A.4 Calculations  
The circumference is calculated for all the sample balls and then the mean circumference.  The formula 
applied is C=D xπ          where C=Circumference, D= Diameter  and π =22
7  
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  8 
 Annex  B 
(normative)  
 
Testing sphericity  
B.1 Principle  
The sphericity  test analyses how round the foot ball is by means of an average of several measurements of the 
ball’s diameter.  If the ball is not completely round, it cannot develop a perfect flight path. This implies that a 
shot, even if and when exactly targeted at the goal, may miss the goal  
B.2 Apparatus  
CM ruler  
B.3 Procedure  
 The conditioned balls are inflated to a test pressure of 1.0 bar and the diameter of the ball is measured  on 16 
different spots , with a hig h degree of accuracy and th en the mean diameter is calculated.  
 The difference between the highest and lowest diameter is determined as a percentage of the mean diameter.  
 DRS 411: 2019  
9                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 Annex  C 
(normative)  
 
Testing the ball rebound  
C.1 Principle  
For this test, the ball is dropped  ten times onto a steel plate in a guided free fall with a defined velocity on to a 
fixed plate, from a height of 2 meters . The ball hits the surface at specific points in the middle of the panels, 
distributed over the surface of the ball. The panels will be selected such that the number of testing points are 
evenly distributed on the different panel shapes. Using a video camera, the height of rebound, from the 
underside side of the ball, can be determined. After the first rebound, the camera is moved to ap proximately the 
same height, and the height above anvil is noted.  The difference between the highest and the lowest bounce 
shall be less or equal to10 cm.  
C.2 Apparatus  
This test is performed by bouncing the ball ten times on a steel plate, from a height of 2.00m±0.01m, measured 
from the bottom of the ball without imparting any impulse of spin.  
Guidance system with a ring for placing the ball on the anvil  
Plane anvil (material see below) attached to a plate of metal and a base of concrete  
Measuring device f or the determination of the velocity at the impact of the ball  
Fixed scale for the determination of the height of rebound (to the nearest 1cm)  
Video camera (digital recording system)  
C.3 Procedure  
C.3.1  Test with ball at ambient temperature:  
The ball is placed at  the 2.00m±0.01m position and is released mechanically. The height is recorded. The 
procedure is repeated 10 times per football ensuring no two rebounds hit the same spot on the ball. Distribution 
of measurement points according t o panel shape. Rebound on centre  of panel.  
C.3.2  Test with ball at cold temperature  
The test procedure is repeated 5 times with footballs that were exposed to cold.  The samples are inflated to 
0.9 bar and stored for 11 hours (±30 min) at 5°C. The samples are then removed from the coole r, the pressure 
is adjusted to 0.82bar and they are replaced into storage at 5°C for another 1 hour (+15 min). Directly prior to 
testing, the pressure is adjusted to 0.80bar.   
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  10 
 The tests are still performed at ambient room temperature. The time between the removal of the ball from the 
storage at 5°C and the beginning of the test shall not exceed 2 minutes. If the test is not completed within 2 
minutes, the procedure must be restarted.  
The ball is placed at the 2.00m±0.01m position and is released mechanical ly. The height is recorded. The 
procedure is repeated 5 times per football ensuring no two rebounds hit the same spot on the ball (whereby the 
first and fifth rebound are to be discarded from the calculation of the average).   
C.4 Calculation and expression of  results  
The ball rebound height of any tested sample is the mean 3 rebounds performed from each ball in ambient 
conditions. The mean value of each of the samples must fall within the requirements. In addition, the difference 
between the highest and lowest  means shall be compared and shall also fall within the respective requirement.  
 
 DRS 411: 2019  
11                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 Annex  D 
(normative)  
Determination of water absorption  
D.1 Principle  
The football is placed in a receptacle filled with water. The ball is then compressed into the water by means of 
a pneumatic piston and left to soak in the water. The ball is then weighed again after 250 compression cycles 
and compared to the original weight.  
D.2 Apparatus  
The apparatus contains a variable pneumatic piston, which is capable of compressing to various depths . A 
system of three additional small pneumatic pistons turns the football in various directions between the 
compressions (one complete turn in approx. 20 compressions). Thus, the complete football comes in contact 
with the water during the test.  
 
 
Figure1 -The apparatus used to measure water absorption   
The machine must be capable of achieving a compression of 25% of any tested football’s diameter.  
 The piston shall be capable of a frequency of at least 40 compressions per minute. The receptacle sha ll be 
round and with a diameter of 30 cm ±2  cm. It shall be filled with 2cm ±0.2 cm of water.  If a pressure plate is 
used for achieving compression, the diameter shall be 16cm ±1.  
 
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  12 
 D.3 Procedure  
Each of the samples is conditioned and weighed using electronic scales .The amplitude of compression is 
calculated from the mean diameter obtained from the circumference test.  A compression equal to 25% of the 
diameter of the ball is applied at 40 compressions per minute. The compression can be measured by means of 
a compression plate of the distance between the plate and the piston.  After 250 compressions the ball shall be 
removed quickly and wiped dry on the surface using a standard towel. Each ball is then reweighed again in the 
same manner as above . Its increase in  weight is expressed as a percent of the original weight of the ball, 
defining precisely the amount of water that has been absorbed.  
D.4 Calculation and expression of results  
A value is indicated for each of the tested samples reflecting the percentage increa se in weight after the water 
absorption test using the weight before the water absorption test as benchmark. The results are rounded to one 
decimal. Each single value must fall within the requirements.  DRS 411: 2019  
13                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 Annex  E 
(normative)  
 
Testing the ball weight  
E.1 Principle  
In ad dition to the standard ball sample preparation and ambient temperature, this test should be done in a wind 
protected area to avoid any external influence.  
E.2 Apparatus  
Electronic scales with an accuracy of 0.01g are to be used for this test.  
E.3 Procedure  
The p re-conditioned football is inflated and weighed in a standard atmosphere, with a wind protected electronic 
balance . Once it has been ensured that there are no wind effect, record the weight. Repeat the procedure. 
Should the subsequent value vary by more th an ±0.02g, discard the results and repeat the test. Five 
measurements shall be made per sample.  The same procedure is to be followed for all three samples used 
during this test.   
E.4 Calculation and expression of results  
The average value from the 5 measuremen ts is noted for each of the samples individually. Then the individual 
ball average weights are used to calculate the average weight of the ball.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  14 
 Annex  F 
(normative)  
 
Determination of the loss of pressure  
F.1 Principle  
The football should not lose pressure over time, thereby remaining playable. This test measures the difference 
in pressure over time. The aim is to ensure that the ball does not deflate too quickly. The balls are inflated to a 
defined pressure, then left i n a standard atmosphere after 72 hours a football’s air pressure is measured and 
the ball should not lose more than 25% of its air pressure . 
F.2 Apparatus  
A pressure gauge  of1.5 bar with an accuracy of ±0.01 bar is to be used for inflating.  
F.3 Procedure  
a) unfold t he football with both hands before inflating to make the football softer.  
b) ensure that the bladder has been pushed into the centre of the football.  
c)  apply a drop of water/oil into the valve or needle before inflating the football.  
d)  insert the needle only af ter holding the bladder firmly from the valve panel.  
e) place the needle accurately in the centre of the valve. Inserting it sideways can lead to damage.  
f) the football should be inflated to a lower pressure before it is inflated to the recommended pressure.  
g) the balls are inflated to a defined pressure as per 9.1, then left in a standard atmosphere after 72 hours a 
football’s air pressure is measured and the ball should not lose more than 25% of its air pressure . 
F.4 Calculation and expression of results  
For each o f the samples, the loss of pressure is to be expressed as a percentage loss between the second 
measurement and the initial measurement of pressure. The value for each of the three samples shall be 
reported.   
 
 
 DRS 411: 2019  
15                ©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved  
 Annex  G 
(normative)  
 
Determination of the shape and  size retention  
This test examines whether the form, the size and the air pressure remain stable during the play.  
G.1 Principle  
The ball is repeatedly shot by a canon against a metal surface before automatically being returned into the 
canon. The number of cyc les simulates use over a period of time. The worn samples can then be rechecked for 
size, weight and shape in order to ensure they do not change significantly with use.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure2 - Construction of the “Shooting device for footballs”  
 
The apparatus u sed for this test fulfils the criteria below.  
Dimensions  L x W x H [mm]: 2,900 x 940 x 2,280  
G.2 Procedure  
The foot balls are conditioned as per  7.1 , inflated and placed in the shooting machine. Two rotating 
cylinders accelerate the balls to a specific velocity, so that they hit a steel panel at a consistent speed 
and angle.  Each of the three samples is shot with an exit speed of 50km/h ±1against the steel plate at 
an angle of 30°±2 based on the horizontal line. The samples are shot 2000 times at a spee d of 
50km/hour.   
 
©RSB 2019  - All rights reserved                  16 
 Following shooter test the ball is placed in ambient laboratory conditions (20 ±2°C and 65 ± 5 % R.H) for a 
minimum of one hour. Afterwards pressure measurement is made at laboratory conditions (20 ±2°C and 65 ± 
5 % R.H). The following tes ts are carried out (in the stated order) with all three ball samples:  
a) pressure of the samples after shooting  
b) visual inspection of seams and air valve  
c) circumference  
d) sphericity  
G.3 Calculation and expression of results  
 The results from the tests p erformed after the 2000 cycles are noted as follows:  
a) initial pressure of the samples (before shooting) minus pressure after shooting gives pressure loss 
expressed in bar with 2 decimal places; example -0.02 bar.  
b) visual inspection: evidence of any damage  
c) circumference: results as per test method  
d) sphericity : results as per test method  
The values of circumferen ce, sphericity and pressure are compared to the values from the previous tests 
according to Test 01, 02 and 06. The difference between the value o btained after the shooter test and prior to 
it is denoted as an absolute increase for circumference and pressure and a percentage for sphericity.   
 
 
 
 
 RS 411: 2019  
ICS 97.220.40  
 
 
©RSB 2019 - All right s reserved   
 Bibliography  
[1] FIFA :2018  Footballs -Test manual  
[2] FIFA :2006 Testing and certification for footballs