WT/L/1147  
 
13 July 2022  
(22-5353) Page: 1/16 
General Council  
25-26 July 2022  Original: English  
 
EUROPEAN UNION PREFERENCES FOR ALBANIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA,  
KOSOVO *, MONTENEGRO, NORTH MACEDONIA, AND SERBIA  
REPORT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION UNDER THE DECISION OF 2 8 JULY 20211  
COVERING THE PERIOD 1 JANUARY -31 DECEMBER 2021  
The following communication, dated 12 July 2022, is being circulated at the request of the delegation 
of the European Union.  
 
_______________  
 
1  INTRODUCTION  
1.1.  On 8 December 2000, the European Union (EU) was granted a waiver (WT/L/380) from its 
obligations under p aragraph 1 of Article I of the GATT 1994 to the extent necessary to permit the 
European Union to afford duty -free or preferential treatment to eligible products originating in the 
Western Balkans , without being required to extend the same duty -free or pref erential treatment to 
like products of any other Member. This waiver was granted by the WTO General Council for the 
period through 3 1 December 2006.  
1.2.  With a view to maintaining the current system in place, the EU requested four extensions of 
the Western Bal kans Waiver, which were adopted by the WTO General Council at its meetings on 
27-28 July 2006 (WT/L/654), on 30 November 2011 (WT/L/836) , on 7 December 2016 (WT/L/1002) 
and 2 8 July 2021 (WT/L/1114) respectively. The waiver will expire on 31  December 202 6 and covers 
products originating in the Republic of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo , Montenegro,  the 
Republic of North Macedonia  and the Republic of Serbia.  
1.3.  Under the terms of this waiver, the EU is required to submit to the General Council an annual 
report on the preferences and duty -free treatment afforded to products from the partners listed in 
paragraph 1, including the extent to which such preferences and duty -free treatment differ from the 
EU's MFN and GSP concessions, with a view to facil itating the annual review provided for in 
paragraph  4 of Article IX of the WTO Agreement. This report covers the calendar year 202 1. 
1.4.  The EU trade regime vis-à-vis these partners  is currently regulated by the granting of 
autonomous trade preferences and by the conclusion of Stabilization and Association Agreements.  
2  AUTONOMOUS TRADE PREFERENCES  
2.1.  Before 2000, the EU already had a liberal trade regime towards the Western Balkans, allowing 
more than 80% of regional exports to enter  the European Union duty -free. On 1 December 2000 
the EU Council of Ministers extended the duty -free access to the EU market for products originating 
from this area even further.  
2.2.  The reason for such an extension was that the general level of i mports from t he Western Balkan 
partners  remained very low, being less than one per cent of all EU imports. It was, therefore, 
considered appropriate to further improve the EU's autonomous trade preferences by removing all 
 
* This designation is without prejudice to positions on status,  and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and 
the International Court of Justice Opinion on the Kosovo declaration  of independence .  
1 WT/L/1114.  WT/L/1147  
 
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  remaining tariff ceilings for industrial and ag ricultural products and by further improving access to 
the EU market for agricultural and fishery products.  
2.3.  Further market opening also accompanied the enhanced process of political and economic 
stabilization in the region into which the European Union eng aged following the end of the 
Balkan  wars in the 1990s.  Fully liberalized access to the markets of the EU is also foreseen as part 
of the Stabilization and Association Process. In addition to the autonomous trade preferences, the 
Stabilization and Associat ion Agreements facilitate this liberalization.  
3  THE STABILIZATION AND ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS  
3.1.  The Stabilization and Association Agreements are tools which provide for the economic 
development and political stabilization of the partners  in the region, and est ablish a close, long -term 
association between the EU and the Western Balkans.  
3.2.  The Stabilization and Association Agreement with North Macedonia  entered into force on 
1 April 2004, the one with Albania on 1  April 2009, the one with Montenegro on 1  May 2010, the 
one with the Republic of Serbia on 1 September 2013, the one with Bosnia and Herzegovina on 
1 June 2015 and the one with Kosovo on 1 April 2016.  
3.3.  These Stabilization and Association Agreements aim at creating a free trade area for goods 
among the  parties over a transitional period in line with Article XXIV of the GATT 1994 and envisage 
a progressive and reciprocal liberalization of trade in services. Associated disciplines in areas such 
as competition and state aid rules, intellectual property, pu blic procurement, etc. are also envisaged.  
3.4.  All the agreements establish a free trade area with the concerned partner  in line with the 
obligations foreseen in Article XXIV of the GATT  1994 and in Article V of the GATS. At the same time 
they also allow the c ontinuation of the autonomous preferences where these provide more 
favourable conditions for the export of the goods originating in Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , 
Kosovo , Montenegro , North Macedonia , and Serbia . 
4  TRADE WITH THE PARTNERS OF THE WESTERN BAL KANS  
4.1.   In the year 2021 EU imports from the Western Balkans concentrated primarily on machinery 
and transport equipment.  
4.2.  Statistical annexes are provided to present a detailed description of the EU trade relations with 
the partners of the Western Balkans fo r the year 2021. The first annex describes the trade relations 
with the partners of the Western Balkans as a whole, while the remaining annexes describe in detail 
the trade relations with each partner of the region.  
 
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  ANNEX 1: WESTERN BAL KANS 2021  
Population in Mio  17.8 
Area in 1000skm  207.7  
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  112 
GDP Per Capita in euro  6,292  
EU 27 TRADE WITH WESTERN BALKANS  
Year IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU imports 
(%) Value  
(Mio 
€) Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 11,525  0.7 20,256  1.2 8,732  
2012 11,536  0.7 21,297  1.2 9,761  
2013 13,549  0.8 21,357  1.2 7,808  
2014 14,853  0.9 22,487  1.3 7,634  
2015 15,891  1.0 23,524  1.3 7,633  
2016 17,419  1.1 24,896  1.3 7,477  
2017 19,885  1.1 28,089  1.4 8,204  
2018 22,271  1.2 30,603  1.5 8,332  
2019 22,981  1.2 31,900  1.5 8,919  
2020 21,322  1.2 29,230  1.5 7,908  
2021 28,271  1.3 36,738  1.7 8,468  
EU 27 TRADE WITH WESTERN BALKANS  
Year IMPORTS  
Rank 2020: 15 EXPORTS  
Rank 2020: 13 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio 
€) Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio 
€) Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2021 28,271  1.3 36,738  1.7 8,468  
 
 
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  MAIN PRODUCTS 2021  
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
 
 
_______________  
 
  Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  28,271  100.0  1.3%  36,738  100.0  1.7%  
Primary products  7,468  26.4 1.1%  10,094  27.5 2.6%  
Agricultural products  3,090  10.9 1.8%  4,536  12.3 2.0%  
Fuels and mining products  4,378  15.5 0.9%  5,558  15.1 3.3%  
Manufactures  20,587  72.8 1.5%  26,349  71.7 1.5%  
Iron and steel  1,461  5.2 3.0%  1,205  3.3 3.4%  
Chemicals  3,663  13.0 1.4%  5,641  15.4 1.2%  
Other semi -manufactures  2,828  10.0 2.6%  4,486  12.2 3.1%  
Machinery and transport 
equipment  7,561  26.7 1.1%  10,426  28.4 1.3%  
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  204 0.7 0.1%  1,388  3.8 1.3%  
Transport equipment  1,303  4.6 0.9%  2,984  8.1 1.0%  
Other machinery  6,053  21.4 2.2%  6,017  16.4 1.5%  
Textiles  325 1.2 1.0%  1,191  3.2 5.6%  
Clothing  1,387  4.9 1.7%  705 1.9 1.9%  
Other manufactures  3,360  11.9 1.7%  2,695  7.3 1.2%  
Other products  155 0.5 0.4%  173 0.5 0.4%  WT/L/1147  
 
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  ANNEX 2: ALBANIA 2021  
Population in Mio   2.9 
Area in 1000skm  28.7 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  15.5 
GDP Per Capita in euro  5,390  
EU 27 TRADE WITH ALBANIA  
Year IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU exports 
(%) Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 945 0.1 2,309  0.1 1,364  
2012 1,116  0.1 2,418  0.1 1,302  
2013 1,224  0.1 2,304  0.1 1,080  
2014 1,236  0.1 2,443  0.1 1,207  
2015 1,160  0.1 2,498  0.1 1,338  
2016 1,286  0.1 2,685  0.1 1,398  
2017 1,499  0.1 2,961  0.1 1,462  
2018 1,751  0.1 3,178  0.2 1,427  
2019 1,845  0.1 3,174  0.1 1,329  
2020 1,609  0.1 2,934  0.2 1,325  
2021 2,132  0.1 3,736  0.2 1,604  
EU 27 TRADE WITH ALBANIA  
Year IMPORTS  
Rank 2021: 57  EXPORTS  
Rank 2021: 52  BALANCE   
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU exports 
(%) Value  
(Mio €)  
2021 2,132  0.1 3,736  0.2 1,604  
 
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  MAIN PRODUCTS 2021  
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
 
_______________  
 
 
  Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  2,132  100.0  0.1%  3,736  100.0  0.2%  
Primary products  691 32.4 0.1%  1,163  31.1 0.3%  
Agricultural products  233 10.9 0.1%  646 17.3 0.3%  
Fuels and mining products  458 21.5 0.1%  517 13.8 0.3%  
Manufactures  1,393  65.4 0.1%  2,556  68.4 0.1%  
Iron and steel  64 3.0 0.1%  98 2.6 0.3%  
Chemicals  25 1.2 0.0%  480 12.8 0.1%  
Other semi -manufactures  178 8.3 0.2%  479 12.8 0.3%  
Machinery and transport 
equipment  201 9.4 0.0%  787 21.1 0.1%  
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  14 0.7 0.0%  121 3.2 0.1%  
Transport equipment  18 0.9 0.0%  231 6.2 0.1%  
Other machinery  169 7.9 0.1%  432 11.6 0.1%  
Textiles  31 1.5 0.1%  228 6.1 1.1%  
Clothing  424 19.9 0.5%  191 5.1 0.5%  
Other manufactures  470 22.0 0.2%  293 7.8 0.1%  
Other products  48 2.2 0.1%  10 0.3 0.0%  WT/L/1147  
 
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  ANNEX 3: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 2021  
Population in Mio   3.5 
Area in 1000skm  51.1 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  19 
GDP Per Capita in euro  5,445  
EU 27 TRADE WITH BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA  
Year IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 2,935  0.2%  4,722  0.3%  1,787  
2012 2,977  0.2%  4,803  0.3%  1,826  
2013 3,216  0.2%  4,752  0.3%  1,536  
2014 3,306  0.2%  4,997  0.3%  1,691  
2015 3,468  0.2%  5,044  0.3%  1,576  
2016 3,758  0.2%  5,228  0.3%  1,470  
2017 4,231  0.2%  5,891  0.3%  1,660  
2018 4,678  0.2%  6,060  0.3%  1,382  
2019 4,379  0.2%  6,313  0.3%  1,934  
2020 4,060  0.2%  5,537  0.3%  1,477  
2021 5,838  0.3%  6,844  0.3%  1,006  
EU 27 TRADE WITH BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA  
Year IMPORTS  
Rank 2021: 46 EXPORTS  
Rank 20 21: 40  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2021 5,838  0.3%  6,844  0.3%  1,006  
 
 
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  MAIN PRODUCTS 2021 
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  5,838  100.0  0.3%  6,844  100.0  0.3%  
Primary products  1,770  30.3 0.3%  2,116  30.9 0.5%  
Agricultural products  454 7.8 0.3%  1,049  15.3 0.5%  
Fuels and mining products  1,316  22.5 0.3%  1,067  15.6 0.6%  
Manufactures  4,036  69.1 0.3%  4,700  68.7 0.3%  
Iron and steel  158 2.7 0.3%  316 4.6 0.9%  
Chemicals  371 6.4 0.1%  993 14.5 0.2%  
Other semi-manufactures  846 14.5 0.8%  934 13.6 0.6%  
Machinery and transport 
equipment  1,113  19.1 0.2%  1,549  22.6 0.2%  
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  15 0.3 0.0%  179 2.6 0.2%  
Transport equipment  206 3.5 0.1%  518 7.6 0.2%  
Other machinery  892 15.3 0.3%  847 12.4 0.2%  
Textiles  37 0.6 0.1%  247 3.6 1.2%  
Clothing  259 4.4 0.3%  149 2.2 0.4%  
Other manufactures  1,251  21.4 0.6%  513 7.5 0.2%  
Other products  23 0.4 0.1%  19 0.3 0.0%  
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
 
 
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  ANNEX 4: NORTH MACEDONIA 2021  
Population in Mio   2.1 
Area in 1000skm  25.7 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  11.7 
GDP Per Capita in euro  5,677  
EU 27 TRADE WITH NORTH MACEDONIA  
Year IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 2,240  0.1 2,720  0.2 480 
2012 2,067  0.1 2,963  0.2 896 
2013 2,334  0.1 2,902  0.2 568 
2014 2,968  0.2 3,151  0.2 183 
2015 3,324  0.2 3,386  0.2 62 
2016 3,670  0.2 3,646  0.2 -25 
2017 4,184  0.2 4,060  0.2 -124 
2018 4,829  0.3 4,611  0.2 -218 
2019 5,185  0.3 4,757  0.2 -428 
2020 4,607  0.3 4,048  0.2 -559 
2021 5,676  0.3 5,112  0.2 -565 
EU 27 TRADE WITH NORTH MACEDONIA  
Year IMPORTS  
Rank 20 21: 47  EXPORTS  
Rank 20 21: 47  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2021 5,676  0.3 5,112  0.2 -565 
 
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  MAIN PRODUCTS 2021 
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share 
of total 
EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share 
of total 
EU 
Exports  
Total  5,676  100.0  0.3%  5,112  100.0  0.2%  
Primary products  699 12.3 0.1%  1,477  28.9 0.4%  
Agricultural products  320 5.6 0.2%  460 9.0 0.2%  
Fuels and mining products  380 6.7 0.1%  1,016  19.9 0.6%  
Manufactures  4,922  86.7 0.3%  3,582  70.1 0.2%  
Iron and steel  437 7.7 0.9%  243 4.8 0.7%  
Chemicals  1,830  32.2 0.7%  642 12.6 0.1%  
Other semi -manufactures  105 1.8 0.1%  723 14.1 0.5%  
Machinery and transport equipment  1,889  33.3 0.3%  1,363  26.7 0.2%  
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  28 0.5 0.0%  212 4.1 0.2%  
Transport equipment  155 2.7 0.1%  336 6.6 0.1%  
Other machinery  1,706  30.1 0.6%  814 15.9 0.2%  
Textiles  48 0.8 0.2%  277 5.4 1.3%  
Clothing  316 5.6 0.4%  41 0.8 0.1%  
Other manufactures  299 5.3 0.1%  294 5.8 0.1%  
Other products  7 0.1 0.0%  34 0.7 0.1%  
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
 
 
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  ANNEX 5: KOSOVO 2021  
Population in Mio   1.8 
Area in 1000skm  10.9 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  7.6 
GDP Per Capita in euro  4,254  
EU 27 TRADE WITH KOSOVO  
Year IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU exports 
(%) Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 139 0.0 730 0.0 591 
2012 121 0.0 706 0.0 585 
2013 123 0.0 720 0.0 597 
2014 94 0.0 723 0.0 629 
2015 103 0.0 759 0.0 656 
2016 71 0.0 849 0.0 777 
2017 88 0.0 900 0.0 812 
2018 97 0.0 1,037  0.1 940 
2019 130 0.0 1,284  0.1 1,154  
2020 165 0.0 1,163  0.1 999 
2021 252 0.0 1,591  0.1 1,340  
EU 27 TRADE WITH KOSOVO  
Year IMPORTS  
Rank 20 21: 115  EXPORTS  
Rank 20 21: 74  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU exports 
(%) Value  
(Mio €)  
2021 252 0.0 1,591  0.1 1,340  
 
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  MAIN PRODUCTS 2021 
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share 
of total 
EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share 
of total 
EU 
Exports  
Total  252 100.0  0.0%  1,591  100.0  0.1%  
Primary products  61 24.4 0.0%  451 28.4 0.1%  
Agricultural products  36 14.3 0.0%  414 26.0 0.2%  
Fuels and mining products  25 10.0 0.0%  38 2.4 0.0%  
Manufactures  185 73.7 0.0%  1,127  70.8 0.1%  
Iron and steel  62 24.5 0.1%  38 2.4 0.1%  
Chemicals  21 8.2 0.0%  274 17.2 0.1%  
Other semi -manufactures  31 12.2 0.0%  181 11.4 0.1%  
Machinery and transport equipment  14 5.5 0.0%  492 30.9 0.1%  
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  1 0.5 0.0%  68 4.3 0.1%  
Transport equipment  2 0.7 0.0%  198 12.4 0.1%  
Other machinery  11 4.3 0.0%  224 14.1 0.1%  
Textiles  5 1.9 0.0%  8 0.5 0.0%  
Clothing  3 1.0 0.0%  33 2.0 0.1%  
Other manufactures  51 20.3 0.0%  100 6.3 0.0%  
Other products  4 1.5 0.0%  6 0.4 0.0%  
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
 
 
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  ANNEX 6: SERBIA 2021 
Population in Mio   6.9 
Area in 1000skm  77.5 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  53.3 
GDP Per Capita in euro 7,760  
EU 27 TRADE WITH SERBIA  
Year IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 5,045  0.3 8,999  0.6 3,954  
2012 4,961  0.3 9,526  0.5 4,565  
2013 6,470  0.4 9,786  0.5 3,316  
2014 7,000  0.4 10,213  0.6 3,213  
2015 7,696  0.5 10,973  0.6 3,277  
2016 8,487  0.5 11,515  0.6 3,028  
2017 9,731  0.5 13,225  0.7 3,494  
2018 10,737  0.6 14,529  0.7 3,792  
2019 11,283  0.6 15,154  0.7 3,871  
2020 10,726  0.6 14,600  0.8 3,874  
2021 14,000  0.7 18,297  0.8 4,298  
EU 27 TRADE WITH SERBIA  
Year IMPORTS  
Rank 20 21: 29 EXPORTS  
Rank 20 21: 25 BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2021 14,000  0.7 18,297  0.8 4,298  
 
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  MAIN PRODUCTS 2021 
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  14,000  100.0  0.7%  18,297  100.0  0.8%  
Primary products  3,921  28.0 0.6%  4,428  24.2 1.1%  
Agricultural products  2,037  14.5 1.2%  1,762  9.6 0.8%  
Fuels and mining products  1,884  13.5 0.4%  2,666  14.6 1.6%  
Manufactures  10,005  71.5 0.7%  13,691  74.8 0.8%  
Iron and steel  736 5.3 1.5%  501 2.7 1.4%  
Chemicals  1,411  10.1 0.5%  3,119  17.0 0.7%  
Other semi-manufactures  1,665  11.9 1.5%  2,070  11.3 1.4%  
Machinery and transport 
equipment  4,319  30.8 0.6%  5,912  32.3 0.7%  
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  145 1.0 0.1%  760 4.2 0.7%  
Transport equipment  913 6.5 0.6%  1,547  8.5 0.5%  
Other machinery  3,262  23.3 1.2%  3,581  19.6 0.9%  
Textiles  205 1.5 0.6%  425 2.3 2.0%  
Clothing  384 2.7 0.5%  262 1.4 0.7%  
Other manufactures  1,286  9.2 0.6%  1,403  7.7 0.6%  
Other products  71 0.5 0.2%  100 0.5 0.2%  
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat ( Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
 
 
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  ANNEX 7: MONTENEGRO  2021 
Population in Mio  0.6 
Area in 1000skm  13.8 
Gross Domestic Product in BN €  4.9 
GDP Per Capita in euro  7,906  
EU 27 TRADE WITH MONTENEGRO  
Year IMPORTS  EXPORTS  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2011 221 0.0 778 0.0 557 
2012 294 0.0 880 0.0 586 
2013 183 0.0 894 0.1 711 
2014 249 0.0 959 0.1 710 
2015 139 0.0 863 0.0 724 
2016 146 0.0 974 0.1 828 
2017 152 0.0 1,052  0.1 900 
2018 180 0.0 1,189  0.1 1,009  
2019 159 0.0 1,218  0.1 1,059  
2020 155 0.0 946 0.0 791 
2021 373 0.0 1,158  0.1 785 
EU 27 TRADE WITH MONTENEGRO  
Year IMPORTS  
Rank 202 1: 108  EXPORTS  
Rank 2021: 88  BALANCE  
Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
imports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  Share of total EU 
exports (%)  Value  
(Mio €)  
2020 155 0.0 945 0.1 790 
 
  WT/L/1147  
 
- 16 - 
 
  MAIN PRODUCTS 2021 
Products  EU27 Imports  EU27 Exports  
(Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Imports  (Mio 
euro)  % Share of 
total EU 
Exports  
Total  373 100.0  0.0%  1,158  100.0  0.1%  
Primary products  326 87.4 0.0%  460 39.7 0.1%  
Agricultural products  11 3.0 0.0%  205 17.7 0.1%  
Fuels and mining products  315 84.4 0.1%  255 22.0 0.2%  
Manufactures  44 11.9 0.0%  694 59.9 0.0%  
Iron and steel 5 1.4 0.0%  9 0.8 0.0%  
Chemicals  5 1.4 0.0%  133 11.5 0.0%  
Other semi -manufactures  4 1.1 0.0%  99 8.6 0.1%  
Machinery and transport 
equipment  25 6.6 0.0%  323 27.9 0.0%  
Office and telecommunication 
equipment  1 0.4 0.0%  49 4.2 0.0%  
Transport equipment  10 2.6 0.0%  155 13.4 0.0%  
Other machinery  14 3.7 0.0%  119 10.3 0.0%  
Textiles  0 0.0 0.0%  8 0.7 0.0%  
Clothing  1 0.2 0.0%  29 2.5 0.1%  
Other manufactures  5 1.2 0.0%  93 8.0 0.0%  
Other products  2 0.7 0.0%  3 0.3 0.0%  
Source:  World Bank, IMF WEO, Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).  
 
 
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