DRAFT KENYA STANDARD        DKS 1984  2022 
                  ICS 33.160; 55.200  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Labels for audio and audiovisual products 
— Specification  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
©KEBS 20 22                      Second Edition 20 22 
 
 
 
 DKS 1984: 20 22 
 
          ©KEBS 20 22 — All rights reserved  ii TECHHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRES ENTATION  
 
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee  
 
Kenya Medical Research Institute  
University of Nairobi  
Technical University of Kenya  
Kenya Chemical Society  
Fashion Council of Kenya  
Kenya Association of Music Producers  
Kenyatta University  
ICT Association of Kenya  
Esthree Limited  
Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat  
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS  
 
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly reviewed. Suggestions 
for improve ments to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, 
are welcome.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© Kenya Bureau of Standards, 202 2 
  
Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 12 of 2001 of  the Law s of Kenya, copyright 
subsists in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 26 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bure au of 
Standards may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means witho ut prior permission in writing 
from the Managing Director . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ISBN 9966 -782-74-5 
-  
©KEBS 2 022 — All rights reserved  iii  KENYA STANDARD                 DKS 1984 : 2022 
                    ICS 33.160; 55.200  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Labels for audio and audiovisual products — 
Specification  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS)  
 
Head Office:  P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi -00200, Tel.: (+254 020) 605490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020) 604031  
E-Mail: info@kebs.org,  Web:http://www.kebs.org   
 
Coast Region     Lake Region       Rift Valley Region  
P.O. B ox 99376, Mombasa -80100   P.O. Box 2949, Kisumu -40100  P.O. Box 2138, Nakuru -20100  
Tel.: (+254 041) 229563, 230939/40                Tel.: (+254 057) 23549, 22396  Tel.: (+254 051) 210553, 210555  
Fax: (+254 041) 229448    Fax: (+254 057) 21814               
 
 DKS 1984: 20 22 
 
          ©KEBS 20 22 — All rights reserved  iv Foreword  
 
This Kenya Standard was prepared by the Technical committee on Intellectual property services  under the 
guidance of the Standards Project  Committee and it is in accordance with the procedures of the Kenya 
Bureau of Standards.  
 
The music and enterta inment industry is one of the largest contributors to GDP of nations. The products of 
this industry is largely audio and audio -visual products. These products can be delivered live through live 
performances or encoded and recorded and delivered as a “take -away” products. The products are often 
available at a fee directly or indirectly . The products can also be used as a component or part of another 
product or service where the audio or audio -visual product is not perceived or understood as the main 
product.  Audio and audio -visual contents are subject to intellectual property protection, especially by 
copyright laws. Other audio or audio visual products which are informational in nature (see Annex XX) may 
also subject to copyright  protection.  
 
The purpose of  copyright protection is to ensure that rights, roles and contributions in works are recognized, 
and any associated benefit or gain is rightly apportioned.  
 
While delivery of audio and audio -visual products is increasing becoming digital, a whole lot of p opulation still 
rely on traditional means of delivery through recorded media on digital storage devices. There still exists an 
industry in various forms that serve this population.   
 
This standard is intended to serve this industry in ensuring that rights,  roles and contributions in the 
production of this category of copyrighted works is properly recognized and documented.  
 
 
This standard has been developed to give provisions for marking and labelling of music products for sale. It 
also provides information , at the annexes, that help clarify some of the requirements . 
 
 
 
 
 
  
1 KENYA  STANDARD        DKS 1984 : 2022 
 
 
Labels for audio and audiovisual products — Specification  
 
1 Scope  
 
This Kenya Standard  prescribes the requirements packaging and labelling informa tion for audio and 
audiovisual products . It applies to any physical media  containing audio or audiovisual content. It does not 
cover the quality of the content.  
 
2 Normative reference  
 
There are no normative references to this standard  
 
3 Definitions  
 
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions and those given in KS ISO 5127 shall apply.  
 
3.1 
artist  
This is the person who practices an art. The person could be a performer, singer, entertainer, comedian, 
musician, or a dancer, sculptor, paint er, etc.  
 
3.8 
pirate  
recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are usually packaged differently to 
the original. They are often compilations made up of recordings by several different artists  
 
3.9  
Moral right  
 
4 Copyright pr otection  
Intellectual works are subjects for legal protection. There are different legal frameworks for protecting 
different categories of intellectual works : copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial designs, traditional 
knowledge.   
 
Copyright protect ion can be very elaborate and complex beca use of the nature of the works, and the 
licensing requirements. Because of the different contributions by different entities in copyrighted works, it is 
the practice that these entities are recognized or acknowledg ed. This recognition is important for a number of 
reasons, including apportionment of any benefits that may arise from the use of the works.  
 
Individuals and organizations use different mean to signify ownership or contribution to a copyrighted work. 
Thes e means include:  
a) Written declarations  
b) Association of symbols, images etc. with the works  
c) Unique style of presentation or documentation  
These are often attached to or fixed on to the medium containing the copyrighted work.   
 
 
5 Casings, Labels and markin gs on audio and audio -video products  
 
5.1 Casings  
 
Audio and audio -visual content that is provided for sale, or as part of a main product shall be packed in a 
manner that protects the integrity of the content.  
 
5.2 Markings  DKS 1984: 2 022 
 
          ©KEBS 20 22 — All rights reserved  2  
5.2.1 Markings on the products  shall done after the following formats:  
 
a) printing on the CDs, CD -R and cassettes;  
 
b) by means of printed -paper or plastic label or engravings.  
 
5.2.2  Direction on use and handling shall be included on the markings.  
 
5.2.3  The markings shall clearly  and legibly show the following information:  
 
a) licensing details;  
 
b) registered trademarks and or logos;  
 
c) copyright notices;  
 
d) complete and accurate content listing;  
 
e) title of the album and the individual tracks;  
 
f) legitimate recording company.  
 
5.2.4 Where t he product offered for sale has been legally downloaded from an internet, the declaration of the 
same shall be made. Proof of authority to sell or distribute or market downloaded music shall be made 
available. The proof shall be in form of a written consen t or agreement1). 
 
5.3  Labels/inlay cards  
 
5.3.1 All products in addition to having the marking provided for in 4.2.2 above, shall have inlay cards having 
all the provisions given in 4.3.2. In addition, the complete address of the recording company shall  be 
indicated.  
 
5.3.2 Images and/or graphic art on the labels shall be of high quality finish (see Annex B).  
 
 
6 Security features  
 
6.1 Security features may be affixed to the labels or onto the physical product. When security features 
are affixed, the re levant persons shall be knowledgeable of the features.  
 
6.2 When any security feature is used jointly as a trademark or as an authentication mark or as a basis 
for royalty collection, the use of the feature  shall be within the control of the users  
 
7 Packa ging  
 
7 Single packaging  
 
71.1 CDs, CD -Rs, cassettes, CD -RWs and DVDs shall be packed in cases. The case shall contain inlay 
cards with the details of the album.  
 
Almost all the music legally  sold through the internet are not licen sed for further distribu tion, sale or reproduction  
 
                                                 
1) Almost all the music legally sold through the internet are not licensed for further distribution, sale or 
reproduction.  
 
 DKS 1984: 2 022 
 
©KEBS 20 22 — All rights reserved  3  7.2 Bulk packaging  
 
7.2.1 Bulk packaging shall utilize material of suitable material to protect the products from deterioration 
and damage.  
 
7.2.2 Only products from one recording company and of the same title or from one artist  or group of artists 
shall be packed together.  
 
7.2.3 Bulk packages shall be clearly marked with the following information:  
 
a) name and address of the recording company. The address shall include valid and operational e -mail 
address if there is one;  
 
b) the trademarks;  
 
c) copyright notices.  
 
7.3 Compatibility  
 
Information on what devices or platforms a disc or cassette is intended to play on shall be legibly displayed.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex A 
(informative)  
 
Identifying pirated audio and aud io-video products  
 
A.1  The top target for pirates is the top -selling, best -known titles, local or international. The record 
companies usually already heavily promote these titles.  
 DKS 1984: 2 022 
 
          ©KEBS 20 22 — All rights reserved  4 A.2 Pirated music products are in most cases easy to identify, but in some  cases it requires trained and 
experienced eyes. Some of the features to look out for are:  
 
a) spelling errors on artists’ names or titles;  
 
b) CDs (or CD -Rs), plastic cases and inlay cards packed separately;  
 
c) no  copyright  notice;  
 
d) poor images, bl urred or poor contrast;  
 
e) no trademarks or logos;  
 
f) no song listing;  
 
g) obliterated or no SID codes.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex B 
(informative)  
 
Audio and audio -visual products  – right s owners hip 
 
Audio and audio -visual contents can be for entertainment, education, in struction or training. These contents 
can be available through dedicated portals requiring authentication to access, through recording on storage 
media which can be distributed to consumers or through publicly accessible portals.  
 
The production of audio and audio -visual content requires the participation and contribution of different 
entities. These entities include:  
a) owner(s) of the concept or idea commonly referred to as the primary copyright owner , or the owner 
of the original works  e.g. a music compose r 
b) modifier of the concept or idea, commonly referred to as the secondary copyright owner, e.g. a 
transcriber of a musical composition to create a variation; a translator of works from one language to 
another etc.  
c) a performer who creates a rendition of the copyrighted work, e.g. a musical instrument player, a 
singer, an actor, a voicer , a narrator,  etc. 
d) e recording studio that provides physical infrastructure  
 
Recognizing and understanding the role of each of these entities is important in documenting the au dio or 
audio -visual content as specified in the clause 5.