Proposals to Amend the New 
Zealand ( Maximum Residue 
Levels for Agricultural 
Compounds) Food Notice   
 
New Zealand Food Safety Discussion  Paper  No: 2019/10 
 
 
 
Prepared for public consultation 
By New Zealand Food Safety  
 
 
ISBN No: 978-1-99-001724- 7 (online)  
ISSN No: 2624- 0211 (online)  
 
 
 
 December 2019 
 
 
Disclaimer  
 While every effort has been made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, the  
Ministry for Primary Industries  does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, 
interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor  for the consequences of any decisions based on this 
information.  
 
This publication is available on the Ministry for Primary Industries  website at  
http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news -and-resources/publications/
  
  
© Crown Copyright -  Ministry for Primary Industries   
i Contents  Page 
 
1 Submissions  1 
2 Introduction  2 
2.1 Background  2 
2.2 Summary of Proposed Amendments  4 
3 Proposals  6 
3.1 Proposal to remove the MRL for cyhalothrin  6 
3.2 Proposal to set MRLs for fenpicoxamid  6 
3.3 Proposal to amend the MRLs for fludioxonil  8 
3.4 Proposal to amend the MRLs f or flumioxazin  9 
3.5 Proposal to amend the MRLs for fluopyram  10 
3.6 Proposal to amend the MRLs for fluralaner  11 
3.7 Proposal to set MRLs for indaziflam  13 
3.8 Proposal to amend the MRLs for lambda- cyhalothrin  14 
3.9 Proposal to remove the MRL for lindane  15 
3.10  Proposal to amend the MRLs for oxyfluorfen 16 
3.11 Proposal to amend the MRLs for prothioconazole  17 
3.12  Proposal to set MRL s for pyriofenone  19 
3.13  Proposal to exempt vitamins, minerals, and essential trace elements used for nutritional 
supplementation from compliance with a MRL  20 
  
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  1 1 Submissions  
New Zealand Food Safety  invites public comment on this discussion document, which 
outlines proposals to amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural 
Compounds) Food Notice.  
 
 
For each compound  you are commenting on, please clearly answer the following questions . 
Any additional comment is welcome, along with supporting discussion, and data or examples 
to illustrate particular points.  
 
On balance, do you oppose any of the commodity MRLs proposed for this compound?  
 
Do you oppose an MRL being set at all  for this co mpound for the commodity? 
 
If an MRL is to be set for this compound for the commodity, do you disagree with the 
particular level proposed? If so, why do you disagree?  
 
Submissions close at 5pm on  11 February  2020.  Your comments should be sent to:  
 
MRL Amendments  
New Zealand Food Safety  
Ministry for Primary Industries  
PO Box 2526 
Wellington 6140 
 
Email: ACVM.Consultation@mpi.govt.nz . 
 Please include your name and address on your submission. If you are making comments on 
behalf of an organisation, also include your title and the name of the organisation.  
 
Please make sure your comments can be clearly read, as a number of copies of your 
submission may be made.  
 
The Official Information Act  
The Official In formation Act 1982 (the OIA) states that information is to be made available 
unless there are grounds for withholding it. The grounds for withholding information are 
outlined in the OIA.  Submitters may wish to indicate any grounds for withholding informat ion 
contained in their submission.  Reasons for withholding information could include that information is commercially sensitive or that the submitters wish personal information such 
as names or contact details to be withheld.  MPI will take such indications into account when 
determining whether or not to release information.  Any decision to withhold information 
requested under the OIA may be reviewed by the Ombudsman.  
 
  
2 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  2 Introduction  
Agricultural compounds are natural or synthetic substances used in the management of 
plants and animals, and include veterinary medicines, fertilisers, and pesticides (fungicides, 
herbicides and insecticides). Growers and farmers use agricultural compounds to manage 
disease in animals and crops, protect the food supply, and max imise the quantity and quality 
of the food they grow.  
Use of these agricultural compounds can leave residues in the food from those crops and 
animals that must be managed. To ensure only the appropriate amount of agricultural 
compounds are used to achieve their intended purpose, a set of principles and methods 
known as good agricultural practice (GAP) are utilised. GAP covers the production of safe 
and good quality horticultural and animal products.  
GAP is established for each agricultural compound by evaluating public health, crop safety, animal health and safety, and occupational and environmental safety considerations for the 
range of treatments and use patterns. This involves determining the administration and 
application rates and ranges necessary for an agricultural compound to achieve its intended 
effects, while leaving the smallest amount of residue practicable without compromising that 
efficacy.  
Once the GAP has been established for a use for an agricultural compound, the residues 
resulting from its  use up to the highest authorised dose or application rate is then used to 
establish maximum residue levels (MRLs) in food commodities from crops and animals 
associated with that use. The MRLs are then compared against the health based guidance 
value in an evaluation commonly referred to as the dietary exposure (or dietary risk) 
assessment. This is explained in more detail below.  
MRLs are the maximum legal levels for residues of agricultural compounds permitted in food 
for sale in New Zealand. They are est ablished based on domestic uses of a particular 
compound, and are used to monitor GAP compliance in New Zealand while ensuring food 
safety.  Because they are based on New Zealand authorised uses according to domestic 
GAP, MRLs  may differ from those establis hed overseas for a similar use because their GAP 
may be different.  However, as noted below, imported food can also comply with Codex 
MRLs.  
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures  (the SPS Agreement)  the proposed MRL will be notified to the 
World Trade Organization. Any country may choose to comment if they believe the proposed MRL represents a barrier to their trade.  
2.1 BACKGROUND  
MRLs are set out in the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural 
Compounds) Food Notice. This Notice is amended two to four  times each year to reflect 
changes in the use of agricultural compounds in the production of food. The MRL Food 
Notice is available from the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) New Zealand Food Safety 
website at: https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/19550 -maximum -residue- levels -for-
agricultural -compounds .  
New Zealand Food Safety administers the MRL Food Notice, with the final decision on any 
changes to the Notice resting wi th the Director -General of MPI. The Food Notice is issued 
under section 405 of the Food Act 2014. When setting or amending MRLs, the Director -
General must take into account:  
• the need to protect public health;  
• the desirability of avoiding unnecessary restri ctions on trade;   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  3 • the desirability of maintaining consistency between New Zealand’s food standards 
and those  standards that apply internationally;  
• New Zealand’s obligations under any relevant international treaty, agreement, 
convention, or protocol, and, in particular, under the Australia- New Zealand Joint 
Food Standards Agreement; and  
• such other matters as appropriate.  
 
The requirements for the content of the MRL Food Notice are set out in Part 6 of the Food 
Regulations 2015, allowing for the promulgation o f MRLs for agricultural compounds as well 
as the promulgation of exemptions from compliance with MRLs. In addition to establishing the requirements on domestically produced foods, Part 6 of the Food Regulations also 
outlines the residue level compliance re quirements for imported foods. Clause 144 states 
that food must contain residues of agricultural compounds:  
- no greater than the MRLs specified for that food in a notice set under the Food 
Act 2014 (section (1)(a)); or  
- the default MRL of 0.1 mg/kg (section (1)(c)); or  
- for imported food, the current editions of either the Maximum Residue Limits 
(MRLs) and Extraneous Maximum Residue Limits (EMRLs) for Pesticides (Codex 
Pesticides Residues in Food Online Database), or the Maximum Residue Limits 
for Veterinary Drugs in Food (Codex Veterinary Drug Residue in Food Online 
Database) (section (1)(d)).  
 As imported food commodities can comply with either a Codex MRL or a MRL established in 
the MRL Food Notice, New Zealand’s obligations under the SPS Agreement  are met.  
On the whole, the Regulations allow for the management of residues in all foods consumed 
in New Zealand.  
2.1.1 National Estimated Dietary Intake  
The chronic dietary exposure to a substance is estimated by the NEDI calculation, 
encompassing all authorised uses  of the agricultural compound, and using food consumption 
data based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Survey for adults and the 1995 National Nutrition Survey of Australia, for children. The NEDI calculation is made in accordance with 
Guidelines for predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised) [World Health 
Organization, 1997]. The NEDI calculation provides an estimation of the potential chronic 
exposure to toxicologically relevant residues in all food derived from crops/livestock treated 
with the agricultural compound according to the authorised GAP use. 
The possible implications for consumer health are considered during the toxicological and 
dietary risk assessments, by comparing the NEDI with a Health Based Guidance Value 
(HBGV ). Provided t he estimated dietary exposure of all toxicologically relevant residue 
components in all fresh and processed food is less than the HBGV, the use of an agricultural compound according to GAP is unlikely to pose a health risk to consumers.  
2.1.2 Health Based Guidan ce Values  
The HBGV used in determining the estimated dietary exposure may be either a Potential 
Daily Exposure (food) (PDE (food)) or an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). The ADI and PDE (food) 
are largely equivalent, as they are determined using the same set of toxicology data and 
through a very similar scientific process. HBGVs are reported as milligrams of compound per 
kilogram bodyweight  per day  (mg/kg  bw/d ). 
A PDE (food) is a value determined by a toxicological evaluation by the New Zealand 
Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) as part of its responsibility for managing public 
health under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (the HSNO Act).  A  
4 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  PDE (food) gives the potential daily exposure a person may be subject to from a substance, via 
food.  
An ADI is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as: “the daily intake which, during 
an entire lifetime, appears to be without appreciable risk on the basis of all the known fac ts at 
the time”. “Without appreciable risk” has been further defined as: “the practical certainty that injury will not result even after a lifetime of exposure”. ADIs are established by the WHO and 
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nati ons joint expert committees, 
which are made up of toxicologists and residue specialists. The ADI information from these 
joint committees also feeds into the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), which sets 
international MRLs.  
As required by the HSNO Act in New Zealand, New Zealand Food Safety  uses the PDE
(food) 
set by the EPA as the HBGV for the estimation of dietary exposure when one is available. If 
there is no PDE (food), the estimated dietary exposure is compared with the ADI, set by the 
WHO/FAO joint expert committees, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), or another regulatory 
authority. If none  of these are available, the HBGV used will be a New Zealand Food Safety -
determined ADI.   
2.1.3 International MRLs and Trade  
The “Relevant International MRLs” table listed in each entry is a summary of the MRLs set by Codex and a selection of other international regulatory bodies reviewed to evaluate trade 
risk. For animal commodities, the MRLs set by Australia, Canada, China, Codex, the 
European Union, Japan, and the USA are reviewed and compared; for horticultural 
commodities, MRLs set by Codex and Australia are reviewed and compared. Other 
international MRLs are reviewed and reported in the table if there is a particular trade risk to 
be considered for those regions. If a particular international body or regulator does not have 
MRLs set for the species or crop for which a New Zealand MRL is being proposed, that 
international body or regulator is omitted from the “other international MRLs” section of the 
proposal entry.  
 
 
2.2 SUMMARY OF PROPOSED AMENDMENTS  
The proposed MRLs have been thoroughly assessed in accordance with international 
methodologies published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 
(OECD) , International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for 
Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) , or FAO. Inform ation on the technical 
assessment of each proposal is included in this document (refer section 3) and covers:  
 
• rationale;  
• chemical information;  
• good agricultural practice;  
• residues information;  
• dietary risk assessment;  
• toxicological/public health assessment; and 
• MRLs set by Codex and other relevant authorities (e.g. Australia, Canada, China, EU, 
Japan, USA)  
 
Where an existing entry is proposed for revision, new or revised MRLs are highlighted in bold 
print, and MRLs proposed for revocation are identified us ing a strikethrough.  
 New Zealand Food Safety  has reviewed the estimated dietary exposure assessments 
associated with all authorised and proposed uses according to what has been established as 
GAP for New Zealand, compared them with the appropriate HBGV ( the PDE
(food) or an ADI),  
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  5 and has concluded that residues arising from these uses are unlikely to present any public 
health or food safety concerns.  
2.2.1 Amendments to Schedule 1: New  and Amended MRLs  
New Zealand Food Safety  proposes to add new MRLs to the Food Notice, and/or amend the 
existing entries , for the following compounds:  
• Fenpicoxamid:  0.01(*) mg/kg in eggs, 0.01(*) mg/kg in mammalian fat, 0.02 mg/kg in 
mammalian kidney, 0.02 mg/kg in mammalian liver, 0.01(*) mg/kg in mammalian 
meat, 0.01(*) mg/kg in milk, 0.01(*) mg/kg in poultry meat, 0.01(*) mg/kg in poultry 
offal, and 0.3 mg/kg in wheat grain.  
• Fludioxonil: 10 mg/kg in kumara.  
• Flumioxazin:  0.01(*) mg/kg in bush berries, and 0.05(*) mg/kg in hops.  
• Fluopyram : 0.2 m g/kg in parsnips.  
• Fluralaner: amendment of the chicken eggs MRL from 1 mg/kg to 1.3 mg/kg.  
• Indaziflam: 0.02(*) mg/kg in grapes, 0.02(*) mg/kg in pome fruits, and 0.02(*) mg/kg in 
stone fruits.  
• Lambda- cyhalothrin: 0.2 mg/kg in brassica vegetables (transfer of the MRL currently 
promulgated under the ‘cyhalothrin’ entry).  
• Oxyfluorfen: 0.01(*) mg/kg in potatoes.  
• Prothioconazole: 0.01(*) mg/kg in mammalian fat, 0.01(*) mg/kg in mammalian meat, 0.02 mg/kg in mammalian offal, and 0.004(*) mg/kg in milk.  
• Pyriofenone: 0.2 mg/kg in fruiting vegetables  (cucurbits ). 
 
(*) indicates that the maximum residue level has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
 
 
New Zealand Food Safety  also proposes to  remove  MRLs from the Food Notice for the 
following c ompounds:  
• Cyhalothrin, after transfer of the current 0.2 mg/kg MRL in ‘brassica vegetables’ to the 
lambda- cyhalothrin entry.  
• Lindane, to remove the 2 mg/kg MRL in ‘fats (except milk fats)’.  
2.2.2 Amendments to Schedule 3: Exemptions from Maximum Residue Levels for Veterinary 
Medicines  
• New Zealand Food Safety  proposes to add a new exemption for vitamins, minerals, 
and essential trace elements used for nutritional supplementation in Schedule 3 of 
the Food Notice, for which no maximum residue levels apply. These ar e used in a 
variety of food -producing animal species for nutritional supplementation for the 
purposes of supporting general animal health.  
   
6 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3 Proposals  
3.1 PROPOSAL TO REMOVE THE MRL FOR CYHALOTHRIN  
It is proposed that  Notice entry for  cyhalothrin is removed, and the MRL for its use  in 
brassica vegetables is moved to the entry for  lambda- cyhalothrin. Details of this change are 
presented as part of the discussion of the lambda -cyhalothrin entry amendment, in section 
3.8 of this consultation document .  
3.2 PROPOSAL TO SET MRLS FOR  FENPICOXAMID  
It is proposed that MRLs are set for fenpicoxamid to support the GAP use of the compound 
on wheat crops, and to set MRLs in animal commodities to manage residues stemming from 
treated crops being used as animal feed . 
There is currently no entry for fenpicoxamid in the Notice. The new entry in Schedule 1 of the 
Notice will read:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum residue limit applies  Food  Maximum Permitted 
Residue Level (mg/kg)  
Fenpicoxamid  517875- 34-2 Fenpicoxamid  Eggs  
Mammalian fat  
Mammalian  kidney  
Mammalian  liver 
Mammalian meat  
Milk 
Poultry meat  
Poultry offal  
Wheat grain  0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.02 
0.02 
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.3 
 (*) indicates that the maximum residue level has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
3.2.1 Amendment Rationale  
The MRLs are being proposed to support the use of  fenpicoxamid as a fungicide on wheat 
crops in accordance with the use patte rns proposed as GAP in New Zealand.  
3.2.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
Fenpicoxamid is a ‘quinone inside inhibitor’ fungicide used on wheat crops to control 
speckled leaf blotch, and suppress brown leaf rust. The compound is applied at a rate of up 
to 100g ai/ha as a preventative spray when conditions favour speckled leaf blotch, or at the 
first sign of disease. A second application 3- 4 weeks later is indicated if disease pressure 
persists or re -infection occurs. Fenpicoxamid is applied between first node ( BBCH30)  and 
early post flower (BBCH 69) growth stages, and is recommended for use in combination with 
a suitable tank mix partner for resistance management purposes.  
Good agricultural practice for fenpicoxamid dictates that the compound must not be applied 
after the early post flower growth stage ( BBCH 69). For animal feed purposes, the grazing or 
cutting of fodder or green feed must not occur until two weeks after the last application, 
though the use of grain and straw does not require a withholding period when the compound 
is used according to GAP.    
3.2.3 Residue Information  
The residue data for the use of fenpicoxamid in wheat were sufficient to conclude that, when 
applied as per the proposed GAP use pattern and complying with the applicable withholding 
period, residues of parent fenpicoxamid should not exceed 0.3 mg/kg in wheat grain.   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  7 For animals fed grain or other animal feeds derived from treated crops, residues of parent 
fenpicoxamid should not exceed 0.01 mg/kg in mammalian fat, meat, milk, eggs, poultry 
meat or poultry offal, and 0.02 mg/kg in mammalian liver and kidney , when the applicable 
withholding periods are observed.  
Trial data evaluating the metabolism of the compound demonstrated that parent 
fenpicoxamid was the main residue detected in plant -derived food commodities. It is 
therefore considered that ‘fenpicoxami d’ is sufficient to function as both the residue definition 
for GAP compliance and dietary intake assessments for these commodities.  
The metabolism of fenpicoxamid in animals was well characterised in the data. The 
absorption of fenpicoxamid is minimal, wi th the only quantifiable residues present being for 
metabolites of fenpicoxamid, primarily in liver and kidney in both ruminant and poultry species. While a parent -only residue definition will be sufficient to monitor animal 
commodities for GAP compliance,  the residue definition used to evaluate dietary intake will 
be set at the sum of parent fenpicoxamid and the main metabolites in the exposed animal species: X12326349, 13495S -3S, X12264475 and X642188 for mammalian- derived 
commodities, and X11963422, X696872, X129300, and X12264475 for the poultry -derived 
commodities.  
3.2.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV of 0.035 mg/kg bw/d, and the stated dietary intake residue definitions, were 
considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue profile expected in food from crops treated with fenpicoxamid,  as well 
as in animal products from livestock that are grazed on or fed treated crops or crop products,  
the NEDI is estimated to total less than 2% of the HBGV . 
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore det ermined that the use of  fenpicoxamid, when use 
according to the GAP specified above, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised 
use.  
3.2.5 Relevant International MRLs  
Authority                                                          Food  Maximum Resid ue Level 
(mg/kg)  
European Union  Bovine, sheep, and poultry  muscle  
Bovine, sheep, and poultry  fat 
Bovine liver  
Bovine kidney  
Bovine edible offals (other than liver and kidney)  
Sheep liver  
Sheep kidney  
Sheep edible offals (other than liver and kidney)  
Poultry liver  
Poultry kidney  
Poultry edible offals (other than liver and kidney)  
Milk 
Birds eggs  
All other farmed terrestrial species  0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.02 
0.01 
0.02 
0.02 
0.01 0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.01  
8 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3.3 PROPOSAL TO  AMEND THE MRLS FOR  FLUDIOXONIL  
It is proposed that the Notice entry for fludioxonil  is amended to set a MRL to support the 
GAP use of the compound on kumara.  
The revised entry for fludioxonil in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read as follows. Changes are 
shown in bold:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum residue level applies Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Fludioxonil  131341- 86-1 Fludioxonil  Blackcurrants  
Blueberries  
Bulb onions  
Grapes  
Kumara  
Pineapples  
Strawberries  0.8 
0.5 
0.01(*)  
1 
10 7 
1 
(*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
3.3.1 Amendment Rationale  
The MRL is being proposed to support an expansion of the use of fludioxonil to kumara. The 
proposed MRL will manage the use of the compound as a post -harvest treatment of kumara 
tubers for the control of Rhizopus  rot, in accordance with the use pattern proposed as GAP in 
New Zealand.  
3.3.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
Fludioxonil is a non- systemic phenylpyrrole fungicide, with long residual activity and limited 
uptake into plant tissues. The mode of action is inhibition of conidia germination, and to a 
lesser extent, germ tube and mycelial growth inhibition. It is currently used as a pre -plant 
potato seed treatment, and in co- formulations with cyprodinil or fluazinam for use in grapes, 
blackcurrants, blueberries, strawberries and bulb onions. For the additional use in kumara, 
the compound is applied at a rate of 60g ai/100L as a post -harvest in- line dip/drench or spray 
over the brush bed, with or without wax, to soil -free tubers. A specific withholding period is 
not required on the label when used as directed in kum ara. 
3.3.3 Residue Information  
The residue data f or the use of fludioxonil  are sufficient to conclude that, when applied 
according to the proposed GAP use pattern, residues of fludioxonil  should not exceed 10 
mg/kg in kumara tubers.  The current residue definition of ‘ fludioxonil ’ remains appropriate for 
plant commodities (for both GAP -compliance and dietary intake assessment).  
Animal commodity MRLs are not proposed as kumara  are not considered to be a primary 
animal feed.  
3.3.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBG V of 0.0165 mg/kg bw/d was considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue profile expected in food from crops treated with fludioxonil , the NEDI is 
estimated to total less than 12% of  the HBGV . 
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore  determined that the use of  fludioxonil, when use 
according to the GAP specified above, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised 
use.   
   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  9 3.3.5 Relevant International MRLs  
Authority                                                        Food  Maximum Residue  
Level (mg/kg)  
Codex  Sweet potato                        10 
3.4 PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE MRLS FOR  FLUMIOXAZIN  
It is proposed that the Notice entry for flumioxazin is amended to set MRLs to support the 
GAP use  of the compound on hops and bush berries.  
The revised entry for flumioxazin in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read as follows. Changes 
are shown in bold:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum residue limit applies  Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Flumioxazin  103361- 09-7 Flumioxazin  Bush berries  
Grapes  
Hops  
Kiwifruit  
Mammalian fat  Mammalian meat  
Mammalian offal  
Milk  
Pome fruits  
Stone fruits  0.01(*)  
0.02(*)  
0.05(*)  
0.02(*)  
0.02(*)  
0.02(*)  
0.02(*)  
0.02(*)  
0.02(*)  
0.02(*)  
(*) indicates  that the maximum residue level has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
3.4.1 Amendment Rationale  
The MRL is being proposed to support the expansion of use of the herbicide flumioxazin. The 
proposed MRLs will manage the use of the compound as a post -planting herbicide on bush 
berries and hops, in accordance with the use patterns  and withholding periods that are 
proposed as GAP in New Zealand.  
3.4.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
Flumioxazin is a phenylthalimide protoporphyrogen oxidase inhibitor, used for residual pre -
emergent control of a range of broad -leaf weeds and suppression of some grass weed 
species. It has been used in orchard and vineyard situations, and its use will be extended to 
weed management in bush fruit (blueberries, currants, and gooseberries) and hop crops.   
The primary assessment has concluded that the Good Agricultural Practice is for a single 
application of 0.42kg ai/ha flumioxazin for bush berries. The compound is used as a within-
row banded soil application before bud break , generally as a pre -emergent treatment to bare 
ground but also in combination with knockdown herbicides when small weeds are present. 
This use attracts a withholding period restricting application to before the start of flowering in spring for deciduous v arieties, and a requirement that spray and spray drift does not come in 
contact with fruit, foliage, or green bark on evergreen varieties.  
In hops, flumioxazin is also applied at 0.42kg ai/ha as a pre -emergent treatment to bare 
ground before sucker emergence, and is also indicated for use in combination with knockdown herbicides for small weeds. The withholding period applied to this use is a requirement to restrict treatment to before sucker emergence.  
The current livestock restriction for the use of flu mioxazin in other fruit crops is a 60 day pre -
grazing interval. This same restriction is considered adequate to support the new use in bush 
fruit and hops.   
10 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3.4.3  Residue Information  
The residue data for the use of flumioxazin on the specified fruits  are sufficient to conclude 
that, when applied according to the proposed GAP use pattern, residues of flumioxazin 
should not be quantifiable in mature bush berries at harvest or dried cones from hops. The 
current residue definition of ‘flumioxazin’ remains appropriate for plant commodities (for both 
GAP compliance and dietary intake assessment).  
The current MRLs for animal commodities are sufficient to manage residues in animals 
exposed to flumioxazin through grazing in treated bush fruit and hop gardens. T he use of 
‘flumioxazin’ for GAP compliance is still considered appropriate.  
3.4.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.014 mg/kg bw/d was considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue profile expected in food from crops treated with fl umioxazin, the NEDI 
is estimated to total less than 2% of the HBGV.  
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of flumioxazin, when use 
according to the GAP specified above, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised 
use.   
3.4.5 Relevant International MRLs  
Authority                                                          Food  Maximum Residue  
Level (mg/kg)  
Codex  Bush berries  0.02 
3.5 PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE MRLS FOR  FLUOPYRAM  
It is proposed that  the Notice entry for fluopyram is amended to set a MRL to support the 
GAP use  of the compound on parsnips.  
The revised entry for fluopyram  in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read as follows. Changes are 
shown in bold:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to wh ich the maximum 
residue limit applies  Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Fluopyram  658066 -35-4 Plant commodities: Fluopyram  
 Animal commodities: Sum of 
fluopyram and 2- (trifluoromethyl) 
benzamide, expressed as 
fluopyram  Bulb onions  
Cereal grains  
Carrots  
Eggs  
Fruiting vegetables (except cucurbits)  
Grapes  
Mammalian fat  
Mammalian kidney  
Mammalian liver  
Mammalian meat  
Milk 
Parsnips 
Stone fruits  0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.2 
0.3 
 1.0 
0.05 
0.5 
0.7 
3 
0.5 
0.3 
0.2 
0.7 
(*) indicates that the maximum residue level has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  11 3.5.1 Amendment Rationale  
The MRL is being proposed to support an expansion of the use of fluopyram to parsnips.  
The proposed MRL will manage the use of the compound in parsnips in accordance with the 
use pattern  and withholding period that are proposed as GAP in New Zealand.  
3.5.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI)  used to manage fungal diseases in 
a number of fruit and vegetable crops in New Zealand as well as fo r the suppression of root 
knot nematodes in carrots. The new use for fluopyram in parsnips is also for root knot 
nematode suppression, applied at a rate of 500g  ai/ha as broadcast spray for immediately 
incorporat ion into the soil prior to planting . This use attracts a withholding period of 100 days.  
3.5.3  Residue Information  
The residue data for the use of fluopyram  are sufficient to conclude that, when applied 
according to the proposed GAP use pattern, residues of fluopyram  should not exceed 0.2 
mg/kg in parsnips. The current residue definition of ‘ fluopyram ’ remains appropriate for plant 
commodities for GAP compliance, with ‘fluopyram+benzamide’ to be used for dietary intake 
assessment.  
Current animal commodity MRLs do not require amendment as parsnips are not considered 
to be a primary animal feed.  
3.5.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.0084 mg/kg bw/d was considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue profile expected in food from crops treated with fluopyram  the NEDI is 
estimated to total less than 45% of  the HBGV . 
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of  fluopyram , when use 
according to the GAP specified above, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised 
use.   
  
3.5.5 Relevant International MRLs  
There are no MRLs set by Codex or Australia for fluopyram in parsnips.  
3.6 PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE MRLS FOR  FLURALANER 
It is proposed that the Notice entry for fluralaner is amended to adjust the MRL for eggs to better support the GAP use of the compound on  layer hens.  
The revised entry for fluralaner in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read as follows. Changes are shown in bold:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum 
residue limit applies  Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Fluralaner  864731 -61-3 Fluralaner  Chicken eggs  
Chicken fat/skin  
Chicken kidney  
Chicken liver  
Chicken meat  1.3 
0.6 
0.4 
0.6 
0.06 
  
12 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3.6.1 Amendment Rationale  
The revised egg MRL is being proposed to better support the use of fluralaner in layer hens 
in accordance with the use pattern and withholding periods that are considered GAP in New 
Zealand.  
3.6.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
Fluralaner is an isoxazoline ectoparasiticide used in companion animals and layer hens in 
New Zealand. When used in hens, the compound is administered at a dose of 0.5 m g/kg in 
water for a total of two treatments seven days apart. The use of fluralaner in layer hens 
attracts a meat withholding period of 14 days and no withholding period in eggs. There is 
also a restriction that fluralaner is not to be used i n broiler chickens.   
3.6.3 Residue Information  
The fluralaner residue data in animal commodities was reviewed to determine whether the 
existing MRLs were sufficient to manage the GAP use of the compound in layer hens. 
Although the data in eggs conformed to the 1 mg/kg MRL overall, some study data 
demonstrated that residues up to 1.3 mg/kg were possible at the GAP dose rate and interval. As such, the MRL for eggs is being adjusted to 1.3 mg/kg to ensure that better reflects  GAP. 
All other MRLs will remain unchang ed as the review confirmed that residues in those 
commodities will always conform to the established limits.  
3.6.4  Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.01 mg/kg bw/d was considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue profile expected i n products derived from layer hens treated with 
fluralaner, and the adjustment to the egg MRL, the NEDI is estimated to total less than 8% of the HBGV when the compound is used according to existing GAP uses.  
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of fluralaner in layer hens  
according to the GAP specified above is unlikely to pose any health risks with authorised 
use.
  
3.6.5 Relevant International MRLs  
Authority                                             Food  Maximum Residue Level (mg/kg)  
European Union  Poultry Muscle                  
Poultry skin and fat in natural proportions  
Poultry liver                      
Poultry kidney                
Poultry eggs                                              0.065  
0.65 
0.65 
0.42 
1.3 
Japan Chicken, muscle              
                                                                       Chicken, fat  
                                                                      Chicken liver  
                                                                 Chicken, kidney  
Chicken, edible offal  
                                                                     Chicken eggs  0.07 
0.7 
0.7 
0.4 
0.7 
1 
 
   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  13 3.7 PROPOSAL TO SET MRLS FOR INDAZIFLAM   
It is proposed that MRLs are set for indaziflam to  support the GAP use of the compound on  
pome and stone fruit orchards and vineyards.  
There is currently no entry for indaziflam in the Notice. The new entry in Schedule 1 of the 
Notice will read:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum residue limit applies  Food  Maximum Permitted 
Residue Level (mg/kg)  
Indaziflam  950782 -86-2 Sum of indaziflam and 1 -
fluoroethyl diaminotriazine 
(FDAT), expressed as 
indaziflam  Grapes  
Pome fruits  
Stone fruits  
 0.02(*)  
0.02(*)  
0.02(*)  
 
 (*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
3.7.1 Amendment Rationale  
The MRLs are being proposed to support the use of  the compound indaziflam  on pome and 
stone fruit orchards and vineyards  in accordance with the use patterns  and withholding 
periods that are proposed as GAP in New Zealand.   
3.7.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
 
Indaziflam is a fluoroalkyltriazole herbicide, inhibiting cell wall synthesis in actively growing 
tissues . The compound is applied at a rate of 75g ai/ha, either as a single application on its 
own to bare soil as a single application pre- emergence, or in combination with a knock -down 
herbicide if small weeds are present. Use of indaziflam attracts withholding periods of 56 
days for apples and pears, 30 days for stone fruit and 70 days for grapes.  
 
The grazing of sheep in treated vineyards treated with indaziflam attracts a six month clean 
feed period. Because grazing in treated orchards is not  an approved activity on the label, 
animal withholding periods have not been established for this use.   
3.7.3 Residue Information  
Metabolism studies indicate that the main metabolite in plant tissue following soil application and root uptake is 1 -fluoroethyl diaminotriazine (FDAT)  in all exposed crops, with the 
metabolite residues being proportionally greater than the parent residues . Because residues 
of the FDAT metabolite are a significant portion of the residue profile, it is considered that the  
residue definition ‘Sum of indazi flam and 1 -fluoroethyl diaminotriazine (FDAT) , expressed as 
indaziflam’ is appropriate to manage dietary intake and GAP compliance in food from treated 
crops.  
The residue data for the use of indaziflam  are sufficient to conclude that, when applied as per 
the proposed GAP use pattern and complying with the  applicable withholding period, 
residues of indaziflam  plus FDAT, calculated as indaziflam,  should not exceed the limit of 
quantification, 0.02(*) mg/kg, in pome fruit, stone fruit or grapes.   
The residue data supporting the use of indazaflam in orchards and vineyards has confirmed 
that when a six month default clean feed period is applied to exposed animals, there are no 
detectable residues expected in commodities from grazed sheep. As such, no animal 
comm odity residue definition or animal commodity MRLs have been proposed for indaziflam.    
3.7.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.0 14 mg/kg  bw/d, and the stated dietary intake residue definition, were 
considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue profile expected in food from crops treated with indaziflam , the NEDI is 
estimated to total less than 0.2% of the HBGV .  
14 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of  indaziflam, when use 
according to the GAP specified above, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised 
use.   
3.7.5 Relevant International MRLs  
There are no MRLs set by either Australia or Codex for  indaziflam in  pome fruit, stone fruit, 
or grapes.  
3.8 PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE MRL S FOR  LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN  
It is proposed that  the Notice entry for lambda -cyhalothrin is amended to support the GAP 
use of the compound on  the specified food commodities.  
The revised entry for lambda- cyhalothrin in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read as foll ows. 
Changes are shown in bold:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum residue limit applies  Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Lambda-
cyhalothrin  91465- 08-6 Lambda- cyhalothrin Brassica 
vegetables  
Citrus fruits  
Grapes  
Kumara  
Maize  
Mammalian fat  
Mammalian meat  
Mammalian offal  
Milk  
Onions  
Potatoes  
Pumpkins  
Sweetcorn  
Winter squash   
0.2 
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.5  
0.01  
0.02  
0.05  
0.01(*)  0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
(*) indicates that the maximum residue level has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
3.8.1 Amendment Rationale  
The revised entry is being proposed to support the use of lambda- cyhalothrin on brassica 
vegetables,  in accordance with the use patterns and withholding periods considered GAP in 
New Zealand.    
The specific change being proposed is to combine the Notice entries for cyhalothrin and 
lambda- cyhalothrin. Cyhalothrin, which exists as a mixture of isomers, has been phased out 
as an agricultural compound in its own right i n favour of formulations using the active isomer 
lambda- cyhalothrin. The merging of the two entries allows for a more accurate representation 
of compound use as it is today, and eliminates an otherwise redundant entry.  
 
3.8.2 Good Agricultural Practice  
Lambda- cyhalothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide approved for use on a range of fruit, 
vegetable, and arable crops including animal feed crops for the control of sucking and 
chewing insects. The GAP established for the use of lambda- cyhalothrin in these cr ops has 
not changed from that previously approved.  
The use pattern considered GAP for lambda -cyhalothrin on vegetable brassicas is 5- 10g 
ai/ha applied to seedbeds at two week intervals to control aphids, diamondback moth and  
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  15 white butterflies, or applied at the base of the plants and surrounding soil to control cutworm 
once insect damage occurs. The use of lambda -cyhalothrin on vegetable brassicas attracts a 
three day withholding period.  
3.8.3  Residue Information  
Residue data on file for the use of both cyhalot hrin and lambda -cyhalothrin in brassica 
vegetables were reviewed to determine the appropriate MRL for the Notice entry merge. As 
the main active component of the cyhalothrin isomer mix was lambda- cyhalothrin, the 
residue profile is similar between the two compounds. The residue data available was therefore sufficient to conclude that, when used on vegetabl e brassicas  as per the 
established GAP use pattern and complying with the applicable withholding period, residues 
of lambda -cyhalothrin s hould not exceed 0.2 mg/kg. The residue definition ‘lambda-
cyhalothrin’ is considered appropriate to apply to the transferred brassica vegetables MRL.  
3.8.4 Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.0004 mg/kg bw/d, and the stated dietary intake residue definition, were 
considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue profile expected in food from crops treated with lambda- cyhalothrin, the 
NEDI is estimated to total less than 59% of the HBGV.  
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of lam bda-cyhalothrin, 
when use according to the GAP specified above, is unlikely to pose any health risks from 
authorised use.   
3.8.5 Relevant International MRLs  
Authority                                                          Food  Maximum Residue Level 
(mg/kg)  
Australia  Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbages, 
flowerhead brassicas  0.1 
Codex  Cabbages, head  
Flowerhead brassicas (includes Broccoli: Broccoli, Chinese and 
cauliflower)  0.3 
0.5 
3.9 PROPOSAL TO REMOVE  THE MRL FOR LINDANE   
It is proposed that the Notice entry for lindane is removed as it is no longer required to 
manage the potential for residues in animal commodities in New Zealand.   
Lindane, also termed gamma -hexachlorocyclohexane (γ -BCH/HCH),  is an organochlorine 
compound which was prev iously used as an insecticide on some animal species, fruit and 
vegetable crops, and pasture. This use attracted a MRL in ‘fats (except milk fats)’ at 2 mg/kg. 
The compound is no longer approved for use in New Zealand, and there have been no 
detections reported through New Zealand Food Safety ’s residue monitoring programmes for 
a number of years.  
Any potential for exposure through residual environmental contamination can be effectively 
managed through other controls.   
16 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3.10 PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE  MRLS FOR  OXYFLUOR FEN 
It is proposed that  the Notice entry for oxyfluorfen is amended to set a MRL to support the 
GAP use of the compound on potatoes.  
The revised entry for oxyfluorfen  in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read as follows. Changes 
are shown in bold:  
Compound 
Com mon Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum residue level applies Food  Maximum Residue 
Level (mg/kg)  
Oxyfluorfen  42874- 03-3 Oxyfluorfen  Brassica vegetables  
Grapes  
Kiwifruit  
Onions  
Pome fruits  
Potatoes 
Stone fruits  0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
(*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
3.10.1  Amendment Rationale  
The MRL is being proposed to support the expansion of the use of oxyfluorfen to potatoes. 
The proposed MRL wi ll manage the use of the compound as a post -plant herbicide on 
potatoes, in accordance with the application rates and withholding periods that are proposed 
as GAP in New Zealand.  
3.10.2  Good Agricultural Practice  
Oxyfluorfen is a diphenyl ether herbicide used for broad spectrum pre - and post -emergent 
control of broadleaf and grassy weeds through inhibition of the enzyme protoporphyrinogen 
oxidase. It is currently used in a range of situations including orchards, vineyards, onions, 
brassica vegetables, conservation tillage , and forest nurseries. For the additional use in 
potatoes, the compound is applied at a rate of 250- 500g  ai/ha as a single application to 
moist, firm, well cultivated soil at any time up to seven days after planting. A specific 
withholding period  is not required on the label when used as directed in potatoes.  
3.10.3  Residue Information  
The residue data for the use of oxyfluorfen  are sufficient to conclude that, when applied 
according to the proposed GAP use pattern, residues of oxyfluorfen should not be quantifiable in mature potato tubers at harvest. The current residue definition of ‘oxyfluorfen’ 
remains appropriate for plant commodities (for both GAP -compliance and dietary intake 
assessment).  
Animal tissue MRLs are not proposed as potatoes are not considered to be a primary animal 
feed.
 
3.10.4  Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.0125 mg/kg bw/d and the stated dietary intake residue definitions, were 
considered appropriate for use in the assessment.   
Based on the residue profile expected in food from all crops treated with oxyfluorfen the NEDI is estimated to total less than 3% of the HBGV.  
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of oxyfluorfen, when use 
according to the GAP specified above, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised 
use.
  
3.10.5  Relevant International MRLs  
There are no MRLs set by Codex or Australia for oxyfluorfen in potatoes.    
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  17 3.11 PROPOSAL TO  AMEND THE MRLS FOR  PROTHIOCONAZOLE  
It is proposed that  the Notice entry for prothioconazole is amended to set MRLs in animal 
commodities to support the GAP use of the compound on cereal grains.  
The revised entry for prothioconazole in Schedule 1 of the Notice will read as follows. 
Changes are shown in bold:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum residue limit applies  Food  Maximum Permitted 
Residue Level (mg/kg)  
Prothioconazole  178928 -70-6 Prothioconazole -desthio  Barley grain  
Cereal grains 
(except barley 
grain)  
Mammalian fat  
Mammalian meat  
Mammalian offal  
Milk 0.1 
 
 
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.01(*)  
0.02 
0.004(*)  
(*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical quantification.  
 
3.11.1  Amendment Rationale  
The MRLs are being proposed to support the use of prothioconazole on barley, wheat, 
triticale, and ry egrass in accordance with the use patterns and withholding periods that are 
proposed as GAP in New Zealand.  
3.11.2  Good Agricultural Practice  
Prothioconazole is a triazolinthione fungicide used to rust, leaf blotches, and leaf spots on wheat, barley, triticale, and ryegrass seed crops. The compound is used at a rate of 150g 
ai/ha up to BBCH 69 (end of flowering) on wheat and triticale seed crops, and up to BBCH 61 
(early flowering) on barley and ryegrass seed crops. These uses attract the following 
withholding periods: 56 days in barley grai n and straw/stubble; 42 days in barley green 
feed/silage; 42 days in wheat and triticale grain and straw/stubble; 28 days in wheat and triticale green feed/silage; 49 days in ryegrass seed crops (regrowth); and 35 days in 
ryegrass seed crops (straw/stubble).  
It is noted that the GAP and residue profiles of prothioconazole’s use in New Zealand have 
not changed from that previously assessed.    
3.11.3   Residue Information  
The residue data for the use of prothioconazole on cereal crops were sufficient to conclude 
that, when applied as per the proposed GAP use pattern, residues of the marker metabolite 
prothioconazole- desthio should not exceed 0.1 mg/kg in barley grain and 0. 01 mg/kg in all 
other cereal grains. The existing MRLs are therefore sufficient to support GAP for the use of prothioconazole in grain crops.  
Animal metabolism and residue data presented were sufficient to assess the animal transfer 
residue profile prothi oconazole, and confirm that the appropriate residue definition to use for 
GAP compliance in animal commodities is prothioconazole- desthio. Although the animal 
residue profile is essentially unchanged from that previously evaluated for residues 
transferred through animal feed consumption,  animal commodity MRLs are being proposed 
to support GAP related animal feed uses and to provide clarity and transparency regarding animal exposure and MRL compliance. The animal residue data were sufficient to conclude 
that residues in commodities from animals grazed on or fed products made from 
prothioconazole- treated crops should remain below the limit of quantification for mammalian 
fat (0.01 mg/kg), meat (0.01 mg/kg) and milk (0.004 mg/kg), and below 0.02 mg/kg in 
mammal ian offal.   
18 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  As per the Codex definition, the residue definition for dietary intake purposes is the s um of 
prothioconazole- desthio, prothioconazole- desthio- 3-hydroxy, prothioconazole- desthio- 4-
hydroxy and their conjugates , expressed as prothioconazole- desthio.  
3.11.4  Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV  of 0.007 mg/kg bw/d and the stated dietary intake residue definition, was 
considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue profile of prothioconazole expected in food from crops treated 
according to existing and proposed GAP uses, and in animal commodities exposed to the 
compound through animal feed and grazing, the NEDI is estimated to total less than 2% of 
the HBGV when the compound is used according to existing and proposed GAP uses.  
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of prothioconazole on 
cereal crops according to the GAP specified above, and the use of those crops as animal feed, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised use.
  
3.11.5  Relevant International MRLs  
Authority                                                          Food  Maximum Residue Level 
(mg/kg)  
Australia  Edible offal (Mammalian)                       
Meat [mammalian] [in the fat]                       
Milks                                  0.2 
0.02 
0.004  
Canada Meat of horses, sheep, cattle, and goats  
Meat byproducts of horses, sheep, cattle, and goats  
Fat of horses, sheep, cattle, and goats  
Milk                                    0.02 
0.2 
0.1 
0.02 
Codex  Edible offal (mammalian)                          
Mammalian fats (except milk fats)  
Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals)                                                                             
Milks                                       0.3 
0.02 
0.01 
0.004  
European Union                Muscle, all mammalian species  
  Fat, all mammalian species  
        Liver, all mammalian species  
Kidney, all mammalian species  
Edible offals  (other than liver and kidney), all mammalian                                                                                                                    
species                                                                                                                     
Milk                                      0.01 
0.02 
0.5 
0.5 
 
0.5 
         0.01 
Japan               Muscle, all mammalian species  
  Fat, all mammalian species  
        Liver, all mammalian species  
Kidney, all mammalian species  
Edible offal (other than liver and kidney), all mammalian                                                                                                                    
species                                                                                                                     
Milk                                      0.01 
0.05 0.6 
0.6 
            
0.6 
0.004  
United States  Meat of horses, sheep, cattle, and goats  
Meat by products of horses, sheep, cattle, and goats  
Fat of horses, sheep, cattle, and goats  
                                    Milk   0.02 
0.2 
0.1 
0.02 
 
   
New Zealand Food Safety  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice •  19 3.12 PROPOSAL T O SET MRLS FOR PYRIO FENONE   
It is proposed that MRLs are set for pyriofenone to  support the GAP use of the compound on 
cucurbits.  
There is currently no entry for  pyriofenone in the Notice. The new entry in Schedule 1 of the 
Notice will read:  
Compound 
Common Name  CAS#  Residue to which the maximum residue limit applies  Food  Maximum Permitted 
Residue Level 
(mg/kg)  
Pyriofenone  688046 -61-9 Pyriofenone  Fruiting vegetables 
(cucurbits)  0.2 
3.12.1  Amendment Rationale  
The MRLs are being proposed to support the use of the novel compound pyriofenone as a 
fungicide on cucurbits in accordance with the application rates and withholding periods that 
are proposed as GAP in New Zealand.  
3.12.2  Good Agricultural Practice  
Pyriofenone i s a benzoylpyridine fungicide with protectant activity against powdery mildew in 
cucurbits. The compound is applied at a rate of 120g ai/ha in a protectant programme at 14 
day intervals when conditions favour disease development, with a maximum of three 
applications per crop. Use of this compound in cucurbits for powdery mildew prevention 
attracts a one day WHP.    
3.12.3  Residue Information  
The residue data for the use of  pyriofenone are sufficient to conclude that, when applied as 
per the proposed GAP use pattern and complying with the applicable withholding period, 
residues of parent pyriofenone should not exceed 0. 2 mg/kg in cucurbits.  Parent pyriofenone 
was the predominant  residue detected in plant -derived food commodities, and is therefore 
sufficient to fu nction as both the residue definition for GAP compliance and dietary intake 
assessments for these commodities.  
Animal tissue MRLs are not proposed as cucurbits are not considered to be a primary animal 
feed.  
3.12.4   Dietary Risk Assessment  
The HBGV of 0.05 mg/kg bw/d, and the stated dietary intake residue definitions, were 
considered appropriate for use in the assessment.  
Based on the residue prof ile expected in food from crops treated with pyriofenone,  the NEDI 
is estimated to total less than 0.2%  of the HBGV . 
New Zealand Food Safety  has therefore determined that the use of  pyriofenone, when use 
according to the GAP specified above, is unlikely to pose any health risks from authorised 
use.  
3.12.5  Relevant International MRLs  
Authority                                                      Food  Maximum Residue  
Level (mg/kg)  
Australia  Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits                                                   0.7 
Codex  Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits  0.2 
   
20 • Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Levels for Agricultural Compounds) Food Notice New Zealand Food Safety  3.13 PROPOSAL TO  EXEMPT VITAMINS, MINERALS, AND ESSE NTIAL TRACE 
ELEMENTS USED FOR NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEME NTATION  FROM 
COMPLIANCE WITH A MRL  
It is proposed that  vitamins, minerals, and essential trace elements used as nutritional 
supplements in animals be exempt from compliance with an MRL by addition to  Schedule 3  
of the Notice. Compounds used for nutritional supplementation are administered to animals 
at very low doses intended to maintain normal physiological levels, which are unlikely to 
produce residues that will impact food safety. An exemption is therefore proposed to ensure 
residues remain at levels low enough to have a negligible impact on food safety, without 
needing to apply residue limits to veterinary medicines solely used for nutritional supplementation.     
The proposed  entry in Schedule 3 will read as follows:  
Substance CAS#  Condition  
Vitamins, Minerals, and Essential 
Trace Elements 
Vitamins, minerals and essential 
trace elements defined as 
essential for human nutrition in 
the current edition of Nutrient 
Reference Values for Australia 
and New Zealand.  n/a When the vitamin, mineral, or trace eleme nt is used 
as a veterinary medicine for the purpose of dietary 
supplementation to ensure normal physiological 
levels. The concentrations present  in food from 
treated animals  must not exceed  the relevant u pper 
level of intake as set out in the  current editi on of 
Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New 
Zealand.