Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org (SASO)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SASO / FDS / XXXX:2019  
 
 
 
 
 
Energy efficiency functionality and labelling   
 requirements for lighting products – Part 3 :  
Street lighting 
 
 
 
 
ICS:  91.160.01  
  
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT SAUDI REGULATION CIRCULATED 
FOR COMMENT. IT IS, THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND 
MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS A SAUDI REGULATION UNTIL 
APPROVED BY TH E BOARD OF DIRECTORS.  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
 
 Foreword  
Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) has prepared  " Energy efficien cy 
functionality and labelling requirements for lighting products – Part 3 : Street lighting " based on 
relevant ADMO, International and National Foreign Standards and references . 
 
  
 
 
 
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Table  of contents  
Table of contents  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  1 
1  Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  5 
1.1 Classification of street/road lighting  ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
1.2 Tunnel lighting  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
1.3 Technical requirements of lighting products  ................................ ................................ ... 5 
2  Reference Standards  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 6 
3  Terms and Definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 8 
3.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  8 
3.2 Technical  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  8 
4   Requirements for Light ing of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic  ..........................  14 
4.1 Requirements for motorized traffic  ................................ ................................ ...............  14 
4.2 The lighting of conflict areas  ................................ ................................ ........................  16 
4.3 The Lighting of Pedestrian Areas  ................................ ................................ .................  20 
4.3.1 Control of Glare ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  20 
4.3.2 Lighting Levels for Pedestrian and Low Speed Traffic Areas  ................................ .... 20 
5  Requirements for Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses  ................................ ...... 22 
5.1  Tunnel related zones  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 22 
5.1.1 Tunnel  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  22 
5.1.2 Access zone  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  23 
5.1.3 Threshold zone  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  23 
5.1.4 Transition zone  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  23 
5.1.5 Interior zone  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  23 
5.1.6 Exit zone  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  23 
5.1.7 Parting zone  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  23 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  5.1.8 Entrance portal ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  23 
5.1.9 Exit portal  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  23 
6  Distinction Betwe en Long and Short Tunnels  ................................ ................................  24 
6.1 Design speed  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  25 
6.2 Reference point  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  25 
6.3 Tunnel lighting related terms  ................................ ................................ ........................  25 
6.3.1  Symmetric lighting  ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 25 
6.3.2  Count er-beam lighting (CBL)  ................................ ................................ ...................  25 
6.3.3 Pro -beam lighting  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 26 
7  Daytime Lighting for Long Tunnels  ................................ ................................ ................  26 
7.1 Lighting in the threshold zone  ................................ ................................ ......................  26 
7.2 Length of the threshold zone  ................................ ................................ .......................  27 
7.3 Luminance in the transition zone  ................................ ................................ .................  27 
7.4  Daytime luminance in the interior zone  ................................ ................................ ....... 28 
7.5  Traffic flow  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  28 
7.6 Luminance in the exit zone  ................................ ................................ ..........................  29 
7.8 Parting zone lighting  ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 29 
7.9 Uniformity of luminance  ................................ ................................ ...............................  29 
8  Night -Time Lighting  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  30 
8.1 Emergency Lighting  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 30 
9  L20 Method  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  30 
9.1 Evaluation of the luminance in the threshold zone with the L20 method ......................  33 
9.2 Stopping Distance  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  33 
10  Requirements for Street Lighting Lamps, Control Gears and Non -integrated Luminaires 
/ Luminaires  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  35 
10.1 Energy Efficiency Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................  35 
10.2  Functionality/Performance LEDs requirements  ................................ .........................  37 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  10.3 Electrical Requirements  ................................ ................................ .............................  38 
10.4  Mech anical Requirements  ................................ ................................ ........................  38 
10.5  Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  39 
10.6  Energy Efficiency Label  ................................ ................................ ............................  39 
11  Registration Requirements  ................................ ................................ ..........................  40 
11.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  40 
11.2 Type of documents nee ded for registration under the scope of this standard  ............  40 
ANNEX A (normative)   – Energy label and classes for lamps and integrated lumi naires  . 41 
A.1 - Determining the energy efficiency class  ................................ ................................ .... 41 
A.2 - Design and placement of the label  ................................ ................................ ............  41 
A.3 - Information and values contained on the label  ................................ ..........................  42 
ANNEX B (normative)  – Criteria for market surveillance  ................................ ...................  44 
ANNEX C (normative) – Tests methods for lamp, luminaire and control gears  .................  47 
 
Figure 1: Zones in a tunnel. (Typical longitudinal section of a one way tunnel)  .................  22 
Figure 2: Daytime lighting of tunnels for different tunnel lengths  ................................ ....... 24 
Figure 3: Lighting styles (distribution beam)  ................................ ................................ ..... 26 
Figure 4: Luminance evolution along the tunnel.  ................................ ...............................  27  
Figure 5: Sky percentages for several configurations.  ................................ ......................  32 
Figure 6: Perspective view of tunnel entrance with superimposed 20°                                     
subtended circle  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  33 
Figure 7: Typical diagrams of the friction coefficient as a function of the speed f or dry            
and wet pavement  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  34 
Figure 8: Label for lighting products  ................................ ................................ ...................  43  
Table 1: List of products covered  ................................ ................................ .........................  5 
Table 2 : Parameter for the selection of M lighting class ................................ ....................  14 
Table 3: Lighting classes for traffic, based on road surface luminance.  .............................  16 
Table 4: parameters for the sele ction of C lighting class. ................................ ...................  17 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Table 5:  M and C lighting classes of comparable lighting level for  different values of q0 for 
the Road s urface  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  18 
Table 6: Lighting classes for conflicts area  ................................ ................................ ........  19 
Table 7: Parameters for the selection of P lighting class.  ................................ ..................  20 
Table 8: Lighting classes for pedestrian and low speed traffic areas . ................................  22 
Table 9: Luminance values in cd/m2 in the interior zone (long tunnels).  ...........................  28 
Table 10: Luminance values in cd/m2 in the second part of the interior zone (very long 
tunnels).  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  28 
Table 11: Traffic flow classification.  ................................ ................................ ...................  29 
Table 12: Examples of luminance’s at tunnel portals.  ................................ ........................  31 
Table 13: L th/L20 ratio's for various speeds  ................................ ................................ .........  33 
Table 14: Efficacy requirements integrated luminaire and LED chips  ................................  35 
Table 15: Rated minimum efficacy values for high pressure sodium lamps with Ra ≤ 60  .. 35 
Table 16: Rated minimum efficacy values for high pressure sodium lamps with Ra > 60  .. 36 
Table 17: Rated minimum efficacy values for metal halide lamps  ................................ ..... 36 
Table 18: Rated minimum efficacy values for other high intensity dischar ge lamps  ..........  36 
Table 19: Lighting unit dirt factor  ................................ ................................ ........................  37 
Table 20: Lighting Zone  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 38 
Table 21 Energ y efficiency class representation  ................................ ................................  41 
Table 22: Criteria applying for market surveillance  ................................ ............................  44 
Table 23: Type of Test Required  ................................ ................................ .......................  47 
 
 
  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Energy efficiency functionality and labelling  
 requirements for lighting products – Part 3:  
Street lighting  
 
1  Scope  
• This Standard cover  requirement  for street and road lighting applications , 
covering:  
- Classification of street/road lighting  
- Tunnel lighting  
- Technical requirements of lighting products  
1.1 Classification of street/road lighting  
This standard covers three type of lighting classification (M, C and P)  
1.2 Tunnel lighting  
This standard cover daylight and night for Tunnel  
1.3 Technical requirements of lighting products  
Table 1 illus trates all lighting products include d in the scope of standards.    
 
Table 1: List of products covered  
 
 
* Information is required based on self -declaration  
 Included in this Standard  
  Excluded from this Standard  
  Regulatory Parameters  Metal 
Halide  High Intensity 
Discharge 
(HID)  Control 
Gear Luminaires  
Energy efficiency    X  
Functionality  / performance        * X     * 
Electrical requirements      
Mechanical requirements      
Energy efficiency labelling    X  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  2  Reference  Standards  
The following list of reference standards applies. For dated references, only the 
edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
 
 SASO 2902  Energy efficiency, functionality and labelling requirements for 
lighting products (part 2)  
 CIE 115 -2010  Lighting of roads for motor and pedestrain traffic  
 CIE 88 -2004  Guied for the lighting of road tunnels and underpasses  
 IEC 60598 -1/2017  Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests  
 IEC 61547 :2009  Equipment for general lighting purposes - EMC immunity 
requirements  
 IEC 61643 -11:2011  Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 11: Surge 
protective devices connected to low -voltage power systems - 
Requirements and test methods  
 IES LM -79-08 Electrical and photometric measurements of Solid State 
lighting products  
 IES LM -80-08 Measuring lumen maintenance of LED Light sources  
 IES LM -82-12 Method for characterisation of LED light Engines and 
Integrated LED lamps for Electrical properties as a function of 
the temperature  
 IES LM -84-14 Measuring Luminous Flux and Color Maintenance of LED 
Lamps, Light Engines, and Luminaires  
 ISTMT  In-SITU Temperature Measurement Testing  
 IES TM21 -11 Projecting long term lumen maintenance of LED light sources  
 IES TM28 -14 Projecting long-term luminous flux maintenance of LED lamps 
and luminaires  
 IEC 60529 :2013  Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)  
 ISO 9227 :2017  Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres  — Salt spray tests  
 ISO 4628 -2:2016  Paints and varnishes -- Evaluation of degradation of coatings -
- Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  of uniform changes in appearance -- Part 2: Assessment of 
degree of blistering  
 ISO 4628 -4:2016  Paints and varnishes -- Evaluation of degradation of coatings -
- Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity 
of uniform changes in appearance -- Part 4: Assessment of 
degree of cracking  
 ANSI C136.31 -2001  Roadw ay and area Lighting Equipment - Luminaire Vibration  
 ANSI C136.3 -2001  Roadway and area lighting equipment - luminaire attachments  
 ANSI C78.377 -2011  Specifications for the Chromaticity of Solid State Lighting 
Products  
 IEC 62384 :2006  DC or AC supplied electronic control gear for LED modules - 
Performance requirements  
 
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  3  Terms and  Definitions  
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions shall apply.  
 
3.1 General  
End-user: Average  person buying o r expected to buy a lamp or a luminaire  for purposes 
which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession . 
 
General Lighting:  The full or partial illumination of an area, by replacing or complementing 
natural light with artificial light in order to enhance visibility in that area . 
 
Manufacturer:  Means the natural or legal person who manufactures products covered by 
this Standard and is responsible for their conformity with this Standard in view of their being 
placed on the market and/or put into service under the manufacturer’s own name or 
trademark or for the manufacturer’s own use. In the absence of a manufacturer as defined 
in the first sentence of this point or of an importer, any natural or legal person who places 
on the market and/or puts into service products covered by this Standard shall be cons idered 
a manufactu rer. 
 
Point of sale: Physical location  where  the product is displayed or offered for sale  to the 
end-user. 
 
Product:  An equipment, system or part of a system, which  is included in the list of regulated 
products under this Standard.  
 
Registration system:  The SASO e -application is used by manufacturers or importers to 
register products before the products is displayed or offered for sale to the end -user.  
 
Shall:  Where “shall” or “shall not” is used  for a provision, that provision is mandatory if 
compliance with the standard is claimed . 
 
Should : “Should ” is used to indicate provisions which are desirable as good practice, but 
which are not mandatory . 
 
3.2 Technical  
Average Luminance of the Road Surfa ce (L av): The values Of Lav Are the minimum 
values to be maintained throughout the life of the installation for the specified lighting 
classes. They are dependent on the light distribution of the luminaires, the luminous flux of 
the lamps, the geometry of the installation, and on the reflection properties of the road 
surface. Higher levels are acceptable when they can be environmentally or economically 
justified.  
The calculation of the average luminance of the road surface shall be carried out in 
accordance  with CIE 140 -2000.Calculated values shall consider the luminaire and tamp 
maintenance factors. Luminaire maintenance factors vary according to the intervals between 
cleaning, the amount of atmospheric pollution, the quality of the sealing of the lamp hous ing 
of the luminaire, and the age of the materials.  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Their values may be established by field measurements. Lamp flux maintenance factors 
vary according to lamp type and power. Values are usually available from lamp 
manufacturers.  
 
Ballast:  Means lamp contr ol gear inserted between the supply and one or more discharge 
lamps which by means of inductance, capacitance or a combination of inductance and 
capacitance, serves mainly to limit the current of the lamp(s) to the required value.  
 
Beam angle:  Means the angle between two imaginary lines in a plane through the optical 
beam axis, such that these lines pass through the center of the front face of the lamp and 
through points at whi ch the luminous intensity is 50 % of the center beam intensity, where 
the center  beam intensity is the value of luminous intensity measured on the optical beam 
axis. 
 
Chromaticity:  Means the property of a color  stimulus defined by its chromaticity 
coordinates, or by its dominant or complementary wavelength and purity taken together.  
 
Clear lamp:  Lamp (excluding compact fluorescent l amps) with a luminance above 25, 000 
cd/m2 for lamps  having a luminous flux below 2, 000 lm and above 100 ,000 cd/m2 for lamps 
having more luminous flux, equipped with only transparent envelopes in which the li ght 
producing filament, LED or discharge tube is clearly visible.  
 
Color  consistency:  Means the maximum deviation of chromaticity coordinates (x and y) of 
a single lamp from a chromaticity center point (cx and cy), expressed as the size (in steps) 
of the MacAdam ellipse formed around the chromaticity center point (cx and cy). MacAdam 
ellipses refer to the regions (in the form of an ellipse) on a chromaticity diagram which 
contain all color s that are indistinguishable to the average human eye from the color  at the 
center of the ellipse.  
 
Color  rendering ( CRI / Ra): Means the effect of an illuminant on the color  appearance of 
objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their color  appearance under a 
reference illuminant.  
 
Control device:  Means an ele ctronic or mechanical device controlling or monitoring the 
luminous flux of the lamp by other means than power conversion for the lamp, such as timer 
switches, occupancy sensors and daylight standard devices. In addition, phase cut dimmers 
shall also be co nsidered as control devices.  
 
Counter -beam lighting (CBL): The lighting where the light falls on objects from an opposite 
Direction to the traffic. Counter -beam lighting is characterized by using luminaires that show 
a luminous intensity distribution that is asymmetric in relation to the plane normal to the 
Direction of the traffic, where the maximum luminous intensity is aimed against the direction 
of the traffic. The term refers only to the direction of normal travel.  
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Control gear:  Means a device located  between the electrical supply and one or more lamps, 
which provides a functionality related to the operation of the lamp(s), such as transforming 
the supply voltage, limiting the current of the lamp(s) to the required value, providing starting 
voltage and  preheating current, preventing cold starting, correcting the displacement factor  
or reducing radio interference. The device may be designed to connect to other lamp control 
gear to perform these functions. The term does not include control devices or powe r 
supplies.  
 
Correlated color  temperature ( CCT / Tc [K]):  a specification of the color  appearance of 
the light emitted by a lamp, relating its color  to the color  of light from a reference source 
when heated to a particular temperature, measured in degrees Kelvin (K). More specifically, 
it is the absolute temperature of a blackbody whose chromaticity most nearly resembles that 
of the light source. A black body is a n idealized physical body that absorbs all incident 
electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence.  
 
Directional  (direct)  Lamp  or Luminaire : a lamp  or a luminaire  having at least 80% light 
output within a solid angle of π Sr corres ponding to a cone with an angle of 120˚.  
 
Discharge lamp:  means a lamp in which the light is produced, directly or indirectly, by an 
electric discharge through a gas, a metal vapor  or a mixture of several gases and vapors.  
 
External lamp control g ear: mean s non -integrated lamp control gear designed to be 
installed outside the enclosure of a lamp or luminaire, or to be removed from the enclosure 
without permanently dam aging the lamp or the luminaire  
 
Family of product  (or Model Group) : group of light sources  or luminaires  that have the 
same characteristics, distinguished by common features of materials, components and/or 
method of processing.  
   
Luminaire : means integrated luminaire which is a complete unit consisting of non -
replaceable / replaceable  light em itting elements and a matched driver together with part to 
distribute light, to position and protect the light emitting elements and to connect directly the 
unit to a branch circuit . Integrated luminaire might be provided with or without control gear.  
 
Lamp: means a unit whose performance can be assessed independently,  and which 
consists of one or more light sources. It may include additional components necessary for 
starting, power supply or stable operation of the unit or for distributing, filtering or 
transforming the optical radiation, in cases where those components cannot be removed 
withou t permanently damaging the unit  
 
Lamp cap : means that part of a lamp which provides connection to the electrical supply by 
means of a lamp holder or lamp connector an d may also serve to ret ain the lamp in the lamp 
holder  
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Lamp holder or ‘ socket’:  means a device which holds the lamp in position, usually by 
having the cap inserted in it, in which case it also provides the means of connecting the lamp 
to the electric suppl y 
 
Lamp lifetime : For LED lamps, lamp lifetime means the operating time between  the start of 
their use and the moment when only 50% of the total number of lamps survive or when the 
average lumen maintenance of the batch falls below 70%, whichever occurs first. For all 
other lamps, lamp lifetime means the period of operating time afte r which the fraction of the 
total number of lamps which continues to operate corresponds to the lamp survival factor of 
the lamp under defined conditions and switching frequenc y 
 
Lamp lumen maintenance factor ( LLMF):  means the ratio of the luminous flux em itted by 
the lamp at a given time in its li fe to the initial luminous flux  
 
Lamp mercury content:  means the mercury contained in the lamp ( weight usually specified 
in mg)  
 
Lamp start time:  means the time needed, after the supply voltage is switched on, for  the 
lamp t o start fully and remain alight  
 
Lamp survival factor ( LSF):  means the defined fraction of the total number of lamps that 
continue to operate at a given time under defined con ditions and switching frequency  
 
Lamp warm -up time:  means the time nee ded after start -up for the lamp to emit a defined 
proportion of its st abilized luminous flux  
 
LED Light -emitting diode:  means a light source which consists of a solid-state  device 
embodying a P -N junction. The junction emits optical radiation when  excited by an electric 
current  
 
LED lamp:  means a lamp incorporating one or more LED modules. The lamp may be 
equipped with a cap.  
 
LED packag e: means an assembly having one or more LED(s). The assembly may include 
an optical element and thermal, mechanical and el ectrical interfaces.  
 
Lighting:  means the application of light to a scene, objects or their surroundings so that 
they may be seen by humans.  
 
Light source:  means a surface or object designed to emit mainly visible optical radiation 
produced by a transforma tion of energy. The term ‘visible’ refers to a wavelength of 380 -780 
nm. 
 
Luminaire:  means an apparatus which distributes, filters or transforms the light transmitted 
from one or more lamps and which includes all the parts necessary for supporting, fixing 
and protecting the lamps and, where necessary, circuit auxiliaries together with the means 
for connecting them to the electric supply.  
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  Luminous flux ( 𝚽): means the quantity derived from radiant flux (radiant power) by 
evaluating the radiation in accordance with the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. Without 
further specification,  it refers to the initial luminous flux. Radiant flux is the measure of th e 
total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light).  
 
Luminous intensity ( candela or cd):  means the quotient of the luminous flux leaving the 
source and propagated in the element of solid angle containing the given direction, by the 
element of solid angle.  
 
Longitudinal uniformity of Road Surface Luminance [Ul]:  Ul is the ratio of the minimum 
to the maximum luminance along a line or lines parallel to the run of the road and shall be 
calculated in accordance with CIE 140 -2000. It is mainly a Criterion rerating to comfort and 
its purpose is to prevent the repeated pattern of high and low luminanc e values on a lit run 
of road becoming too pronounced. It only applies to long uninterrupted sections of road.  
 
Materials: means all materials used during the life cycle of a product.  
 
Nominal value:  means the value of a quantity used to designate and iden tify a product.  
 
Non clear lamp: is a lamp that does not comply with the specifications of the definition of 
“Clear lamp”, including compact fluorescent lamps  
 
Non-directional ( indirect) lamp  or luminaire : means a lamp or a luminaire that is not a 
directional lamp  or luminaire . 
 
Overall uniformity of Road Luminance [Uo]: Uo is the ratio of the minimum luminance at 
a point to the average road surface luminance and shall be calculated according to CIE 140 -
2000. This criterion is important as regards t he control of minimum visibility on the road.  
 
Power factor:  means the ratio of the absolute value of the real power (also known as active 
power) to the apparent power under periodic conditions.  
 
Premature failure:  means when a lamp reaches the end of its life after a period in operation 
which is less than the rated life time stated in the technical documentation.  
 
Rated value:  means the value of a quantity used for specification purposes, established for 
a specified set of operating conditions of a product . Unless stated otherwise, all 
requirements are set in rated values.  
 
Retrofit lamp:  means a lamp which can replace another lamp with similar performances 
and different technology using the same cap . 
 
Pro-beam lighting: The lighting where the light falls on objects in the same direction as the 
Traffic. Pro -beam lighting is characterized by using luminaires that show a luminous intensity 
Distribution that is asymmetric in relation to the 90/270 C -plane (the plane normal to the 
Direction of the traffic), whe re the maximum luminous intensity is aimed in the same direction 
As the direction of the traffic.  
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Second lamp envelope: second outer lamp envelope which is not required for the 
production of light, such as an external sleeve for preventing mercury and gla ss release into 
the environment in case of lamp breakage, for protecting from ultraviolet radiation or for 
serving as a light diffuser.  
 
Surround Ratio: SR [Rs ]: One of the principal aims in road lighting is to create a bright 
road surface against which objects can be seen. However, the upper parts of tall objects on 
the road and objects toward the side of the road, particularly on curved sections, are seen 
against the  surrounds of the road. Thus,  adequate lighting on surrounds helps the motorist 
to perceive more of the environment and make speed adjustment in time.  
The function of the surround ratio is to ensure that light directed on the surrounds is Sufficient 
for ob jects to be revealed. In situations where Lighting is already provided on the Surrounds 
the use of surround ratio is rendered unnecessary.  
 
Symmetric lighting: The lighting where the light equally falls on objects in directions with 
and against the traffic . Symmetric lighting is characterized by using luminaires that show a 
luminous intensity distribution that is symmetric in relation to the plane normal to the direction 
of the traffic.  
  
Switching cycle : means the sequence of switching the lamp on and off at set intervals.  
 
Threshold Increment TI: Disability glare results from the scattering of light within the eye. 
So reducing contrasts of the Retinal image. The effect may be explained by the 
superimposi tion of a uniform luminance veil over the scene, which is quantified as the 
equivalent veiling luminance. The magnitude of this Depends on the illuminance on the 
driver’s  eye from the luminaires and the angles at which they are seen. While the degree of 
disability glare increases with the equivalent veiling Luminance. It decreases as a function 
of the average road luminance.  
Tl is a measure of the loss of visibility caused by the disability glare form the road Lighting 
luminaires. The formula from which it is calculated is based on the percentage Increase in 
the luminance difference needed to make the object visible in the presence of Glare when it 
is just visible in the absence of glare. That is, when the luminaires are screened from the 
view of the observe r. The mathematical procedure is given in CIE 140 -2000. (See Annex C 
of this report for additional remarks) and the calculation is made for a clean Luminaire 
equipped with a lamp emitting . 
 
Useful luminous flux ( 𝜱𝒖𝒔𝒆): means the part of the luminous fl ux of a lamp falling within 
the beam angle used for calculating the lamp’s energy efficiency.  
 
Warm -start : feature that is performed to reset a previously running system after an 
unintentional shutdown or limited interruption of the lighting emission . 
  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  4   Requirements  for Lighting  of Roads  for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic  
4.1 Requirements for motorized traffic  
The M lighting classes are intended for drivers of motorize vehicle on traffic route, and in 
some countries also on residential roads, allowing me dium to high driving speeds. The 
lighting Classes M 1 to M6 are defined by the lighting criteria given for each class in Table 3 . 
The application of these classes depends on the geometry of the relevant area and on the 
traffic and time dependent circumstanc es. The appropriate class has to be selected 
according to the function of the road, the design speed, the overall layout , the traffic volume 
and composition , and the environmental conditions.  
For the determination of the M lighting class to be applied the appropriate weighting values 
for the different parameters have to be selected a nd added to find the sum of the Weighting 
values (V ws). The number of the lighting class M is then calculated as:  
 Number of lighting class M: 6 – Vws 
Careful selection of appro priate weighting values in Table 2 will yield class numbers between 
1 and 6. If the result is not a whole number, use the next lower whole number.  
 
 
Table 2 : Parameter for the selection of M lighting class  
Parameter  Option  Description  Weighting 
factor  Vw 
selected  
Speed.  Very High  ≥ 90 km/h  1  
high 70 < v < 90 km/h  0.5  
Moderate  v ≤ 70 km/h  0  
Traffic Volume.  Very High  > 25,000 vehicles per  day 1  
high ≥ 15,000  ≤ 25,000 vehicles per day  0.5  
moderate  ≥ 7,000 ≤ 14,999 vehicles per day  0  
Low ≥ 3,000 ≤ 6,999 vehicles per day  - 0.5  
Very Low  < 3,000 vehicles per day  -1  
Traffic 
Composition.  Mixed with High percentage of non -motorized  2  
Mixed  1  
Motorized only  0  
Separation of 
carriageway.  Yes 0  
No 1  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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The controlling criteria for the lighting of roads for motorized traffic are the luminance Level 
and uniformity of the carriageway, the illuminance level of the surrounds of the road, the 
limitation of disability and discomfort glare, and the requirements for direct visual guidance. 
For the other criteria recommended values are given in Table 3 for the lighting classes MI 
M6, reflecting various traffic situations.  
The lighting criteria used  are the maintained average road surface luminance (Lav), the 
Overall (Uo) and longitudinal (U0) uniformity of the luminance. The surround ratio (Rs) and 
the Threshold increment (Fn)  
These values apply to roads. Which are sufficiently long so that the lumi nance concept  can 
be used, outside conflict areas and/or outside areas with measures of traffic calming. The  
Surround ratio is considered for roads with adjacent footpath/cycle path only when 
Requirements are given (see P lighting classes).  
 
 
 
 
 
  Intersection 
density.  High More than 3 intersection  per km  1  
Moderate  Less than 3 intersection per km   0  
Parked vehicles.  Present   0.5  
Not present  0  
Ambient 
Luminance.  High 1  
Moderate  0  
Low -1  
Visual 
Guidance.  Poor  0.5  
Moderate to good  0  
Equation  M = 6 – Vws Sum of 
weighting 
values  Vws SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
16 
  Table 3: Lighting classes for traffic, based on road surface luminance.  
Lighting 
Class  Road surface  Threshold 
increment  Surround 
ratio  Dry Wet *  
 
L (cd/m2)   
Uo  
U1  
Uo  
Fn in %   
Rs 
M1 2.0 0.40 0.70 0.15 10 0.50 
M2 1.5 0.40 0.70 0.15 10 0.50 
M3 1.0 0.40 0.60 0.15 15 0.50 
M4 0.75 0.40 0.60 0.15 15 0.50 
M5 0.50 0.35 0.40 0.15 15 0.50 
M6 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.15 20 0.50 
 
* Applicable in addition to dry condition, where road surfaces are wet for a substantial    
  part of the hours of darkness and appropriate road surface reflectance data are   
  available.  
 
NOTE     the use of luminance concept requires the knowledge of the properties of the road surface. They are 
taken into account either through the real propertie s (measurements) or through a reference r -table 
such as the C and R Standards  defined by the CIE (CIE 132 -1999 and CIE 144:2001). However , 
recent measurements have shown that the current pavements used on roads very largely with time 
and are very different from the CIE standards (which were defined decades ago), frequently to errors 
between 30% and 100% in terms of average luminance (CHAIN et al., 20 07). 
 
When designing a lighting installation using the luminance concept it is thus important to 
have an accurate representation of the photometric characteristics of the road surface at its 
stabilized situation. If the measurement of the r -table in labora tory is not possible, real road 
reflectance properties may be measured on site with portable devices. If not possible, the 
current CIE standards remain the latest recommended r tables to use for the calculation. In 
all cases, it is to systematically a repr esentative value of the luminance coefficient q0.  
 
4.2 The lighting of conflict areas  
  Conflict areas occur whenever vehicle streams intersect each other or run into areas     
  frequented by pedestrians, cyclists, or other road users, or when there is a change in road  
  geometry, such as a reduced number of lanes or a reduced lane or carriageway width.  
  Their existence results in an increased potential for collisions between ve hicles, between   
  vehicles and pedestrians , cyclists, or other road users , or between vehicles and fixed  
  objects. Parking areas and toll -stations are also regarded as conflict areas. Genera l  
  circulation areas at outdoor working places are covered by CIE S 0151E:20C5.  
  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  The lighting shall reveal the existence of the conflict area, the position of the kerbs and road 
markings, the directions of the roads, the presence of pedestrians, other road users, and 
obstructions , and the movement of vehicles in the vicinity of the conflict area. Where no 
lighting is otherwise provided on a road leading to or leaving the conflict area, the selected 
lighting class shall be installed for a stretch long enoug h to provide about 5 seconds of 
driving distance at the exp ected traffic speed.  
The lighting classes C0 to C5 are defined by the lighting criteria given for each class  
in Table 4.  
Table 4: parameters for the selection of C lighting class.  
 
For the determination of the C lighting class to be applied  the appropriate weighting values 
in Table 4 for the different parameters have to be selected and added to find the su m of the 
weighting values ( Vws). Parameter  option  Description  Weighting  
factor  Vw 
selected  
Speed.  Very High  v ≥ 90 km/h  3  
High 70 < v < 90 km/h  2  
Moderate  60 < v ≤ 70 km/h  1  
Low v ≤ 60 0  
Traffic Volume.  Very High  > 25,000 vehicles per  day 1  
High ≥ 15,000  ≤ 25,000 vehicles per day  0.5  
Moderate  ≥ 7,000 < 15,000 vehicles per day  0  
Low ≥ 3,000 <7,000 vehicles per day  -0.5  
Very Low  < 3,000 vehicles per day  -1  
Traffic 
Composition.  Mixed with High percentage of non -motorized  2  
Mixed  1  
Motorized only  0  
Separation of 
carriageway  Yes 0  
No 1  
Ambient 
Luminance.  High 1  
Moderate  0  
Low -1  
Visual Guidance.  Poor  0.5  
Moderate to good  0  
equation  C = 6 – Vws   SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  The number of the lighting class C is then calculated as:  
Numbe r of lighting class C = 6 – Vws 
Careful se lection of appropriate weighting values will yield class numbers  
between 0 and 5. If the result is not a whole number, use the next lower whole number.  
 
For conflict areas, luminance is the recommended design criterion. However , where viewing 
distances are short and other factors prevent the use of luminance criteria, illuminance shall 
be used on a part of the conflict area, or the entire area if the luminance criteria cannot be 
applied to the whole area. The correspondence between lumin ance and average horizontal 
illuminance depends on the lightness of the road surface, as represented by the q0 value of 
that surface. Table 5 gives the relationship between the M and C class f or three examples 
of q0 values.  
 
Table 5:  M and C lighting classes of comparable lighting level for  
different values of q0 for the Road surface  
 
The conflict area shall as a minimum have a lighting level no lower than that of the 
connecting roads. However, it is recommended that the lighting class used for the conflict 
area shall normally be one step  higher than the highest lighting class used for the road or 
roads leading to the conflict area (e.g. M2 instead of M3). This will not be possible where 
the entrance roads are lit to Class M 1. In this case. The conflict area shall also be lit to class 
M1. 
  
Lighting class M     
M1  
M2  
M3  
M4  
M5  
M6 
Average luminance  
L in cd/m2    2.0 1.5 1 0.75 0.50 0.30 
Lighting class C  
If q0 =0.05cd/m2    C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 
Average illuminance  
E in lux   50 30 20 15 10 7.5 
Lighting class C  
If q0 =0.07cd/m2   C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5  
Average illuminance  
E in lux  50 30 20 15 10 7.5  
Lighting class C  
If q0 =0.09cd/m2  C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5   
Average illuminance  
E in lux 50 30 20 15 10 7.5   SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Where illuminance is used as a criterion for the conflict area lighting. It is necessary to 
consider comparable luminance and illuminance classes (M and C classes respectively from  
Tables 2 and 6).  
Table 5 gives comparable M and C classes for various val ues of q0 for the road surface. 
Raw 1 gives the M classes from which the luminance class used for the most important road 
leading to the conflict area is selected. The equivalent illuminance C class is then taken from 
column 1, depending on the q0 value. T he actual C class to be used in the conflict area is 
recommended to be one step higher than the equivalent class so determined.  
(E.g. if the most important road leading to the conflict area is M4 and q0 = 0.07 cd/m2·lx, the 
equivalent class is C4 and the c onflict area is recommended to be lit to class C3.)  
 Where luminance is used as a criterion for the conflict area lighting, it is necessary to 
calculate threshold increment Tl (symbol  𝑓𝑇𝐼), for relevant observer positions and  viewing 
directions in the c onflict area, which requires knowledge of veiling luminance and adaption 
luminance for the particular observer positions and viewing directions.   
  
Table 6: Lighting classes for conflicts area   
 
 
 Lighting  
 Class    
 
Average illuminance 
over whole of used 
surface E in  lux.  
 
Uniformity of 
illuminance U 0 (E)  
threshold increment  
𝒇𝑻𝑰 in % *  
High and  
moderate speed  Low and very  
 low speed  
C0 50 0.40 10 15 
C1 30 0.40 10 15 
C2 20 0.40 10 15 
C3 15 0.40 15 20 
C4 10 0.40 15 20 
C5 7.5 0.40 15 25 
 
* Applicable where visual tasks usually considered for the lighting of roads for motorized                                        
  traffic (M classes) are of importance.  
 
  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  4.3 The Lighting of Pedestrian  Areas 
4.3.1 Control of Glare  
The control of discomfort and disability glare is not as critical as for the motorist. Because 
speed of movement is much lower, giving a greater reaction time. No method of quantifying 
glare has been agreed to intentionality, but several methods are in current use on a national 
basis. Methods for quantifying and controlling glare in pedestrian and low speed traffic areas 
are given in  CIE 115-2010 . 
4.3.2 Lighting Levels for Pedestrian and Low Speed Traffic Areas  
The parameters relevant for the selection of an appropriate P lighting for a given Pedestrian 
or low speed traffic area are summarized in Table 7. The lighting classes P 1 to P6 are 
defined by the lighting criteria given for each class in Table 8. They are intended for 
pedestrians and pedal cyclists on footways, cycle ways, and other road areas lying 
separately or along the carriageway of a traffic route, and for residential roads , pedestrian 
streets , etc.  
 
Table 7: Parameters for the  selection of P lighting class.  
   
Parameter   
option   
Description   
Weighting  
factor   
Vw 
selected  
 
Speed.  low  > 5 and ≤ 30 km/h  1  
Very low (walking 
peed)  ≤ 5 km/h  0  
 
 
 
 
Traffic 
Volume.  Very high  5000< traffic volume ≤ 7000  
  vehicles per day  1  
high 3000< traffic volume ≤ 5000  
  vehicles per day  0.5  
Moderate  1000< traffic volume ≤ 3000   
vehicles per day  0  
low 500< traffic volume ≤1000   
vehicles per day  -0.5  
Very low  traffic volume ≤ 500  
vehicles per day  
 -1  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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The application of these classes depends on the geometry of the relevant area and the 
Traffic and time dependent circumstances.  
For the determination of the P lighting class to be applied , the appropriate and weighting 
values in Table 7 for the different parameters have to be selected and added to find the sum 
of the weighting values (V ws). The  number of the lighting  class p is then calculated as:  
Number of lighting class P = 6 — Vws 
Careful selection of appropriate weighting values will yield class numbers between 1 and 6. 
If the result is not a whole number. Use the next lower whole number.   
 
 
Traffic 
Composition.  Pedestrians, cyclists and motorized traffic  2  
Pedestrians and motorized traffic  1  
Pedestrians and Cyclist  only 1  
Pedestrians only  0  
Cyclist only  0  
 
Parked 
vehicles.  Present  0.5  
Not present  0  
 
Ambient 
Luminance.  High 1  
Moderate  0  
Low -1  
Equation  P = 6 – Vsw 
 Sum of 
Weighting  
Values  Vws SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  Table 8: Lighting classes for pedestrian and low speed traffic areas.  
 
5  Requirements  for Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses  
5.1  Tunnel related zones  
 
 
Figure 9: Zones in a tunnel. (Typical longitudinal section of a one way tunnel)  
 
5.1.1 Tunnel  
A structure over a roadway that restricts the normal daytime illumination of a roadway 
section such that the driver's capability to see is substantially diminished. In the contex t of 
this guide, other constructions that do not restrict visibility are not relevant.  
 
 
Lighting 
Class   
Average 
horizontal  
illuminance  
Eh,av , in lux  
Minimum 
horizontal   
illuminance  
Eh,min , in lux Additional requirement  
if facial recognition is necessary  
 
Minimum vertical 
illuminance  
Ev,min , in lux  
Minimum semi -  
cylindrical  illuminance  
Esc,min , in lux 
P1 15 3 5 3 
P2 10 2 3 2 
P3 7.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 
P4 5 1 1.5 1 
P5 3 0.6 1 0.6 
P6 2 0.4 0.6 0.4 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  It is practical to distinguish different zones in the tunnel in order to determine the longitudinal 
lighting level at daytime lighting: the access zone, the threshold zone, the transition zone, 
the interior zone and the exit zone.  
5.1.2 Access zone   
The part of the open road immediately outside (in front of) the tunnel portal, covering the 
distance over which an approaching driver must be able to see into the tunnel.  
The access zone begins at the stopping distance point ahead of the portal and it ends at the 
portal.  
5.1.3 Threshold zone   
The first part of the tunnel, directly after the portal. The threshold zone starts either at the 
beginning of the tunnel or at the begi nning of the daylight sunscreens when occurring. The 
length of the threshold zone is at least equal to the stopping distance.  
5.1.4 Transition zone   
The part of the tunnel following directly after the threshold zone. The transition zone begins 
at the end o f the threshold zone. It ends at the beginning of the interior zone. In the transition 
zone, the lighting level is decreasing from the level at the end of the threshold zone to the 
level of the interior zone.  
5.1.5 Interior zone   
The part of the tunnel fol lowing directly after the transition zone. It stretches from the end of 
the transition zone to the beginning of the exit zone.  
5.1.6 Exit zone  
The part of the tunnel where, during the day -time, the vision of a driver approaching the exit 
is predominantly i nfluenced by the brightness outside the tunnel. The exit zone begins at 
the end of the interior zone. It ends at the exit portal of the tunnel.  
5.1.7 Parting zone   
The first part of the open road directly after the exit portal of the tunnel. The parting zone is 
not a part of the tunnel, but it is closely related to the tunnel lighting. The parting zone begins 
at the exit portal. It is advised that the length of the p arting zone equals two times the 
stopping distance. A length of more than 200 m is not necessary.  
5.1.8 Entrance portal   
The part of the tunnel construction that corresponds to the beginning of the covered part of 
the tunnel, or - when open sun -screens are  used - to the beginning of the sun -screens . 
5.1.9  Exit portal   
The part of the tunnel construction that corresponds to the end of the covered part of the 
tunnel, or - when open sun -screens are used - to the end of the sun -screens.  
 
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  6  Distinction Between  Long and Short Tunnels  
A tunnel is a covering over the road. The lighting requirements for long and short tunnels 
differ according to the degree to which the approaching motorist can see through the tunnel. 
The ability to see through the tunnel depends pr imarily on the length of the tunnel but also 
on other design parameters (width, height, horizontal and/or vertical curvatures of the tunnel, 
etc.).  
Tunnels are usually subdivided in "  long tunnels  " and "short tunnels". This designation  
Refers primarily to  the length of the tunnels (typically measured along the tunnel axis). Some 
tunnels - where the drivers cannot see the exit from a point in front of the tunnel - need to 
be illuminated like a long tunnel, even if their lengths would seem to make them a "sh ort" 
one.  
These tunnels are designated as "optically long tunnels", contrary to those where 
approaching motorists can see through the tunnel ("optically short tunnels"). With regard to 
the lighting, tunnels are subdivided into three classes  : 
- Geometricall y long tunnels.  
- Optically long tunnels.  
- Short tunnels.  
 
The distinction can be made on the basis of the diagram given in Figure 2  
 
 
Figure 10: Daytime lighting of tunnels for different tunnel lengths  
Note   For tunnel lengths up to 75 m where no daytime lighting is recommended in Figure 2 , it is to be noted 
that at least one hour before sunset and one hour after sunrise a lighting level equal to the 
recommended values for the interior zone of a long tunnel  shall be achieved (see luminance in the 
interior zone). At night only the recommended value for night -time lighting is needed.  
 
SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  6.1 Design speed  
The design speed to be taken  into consideration for the design of a lighting system of a 
tunnel must be specified by the prime contractor.  
The design speed is in principle the speed for which the tunnel is laid out. It is generally 
accepted that this speed is the maximum speed allowe d on the access roads to the tunnel. 
However, some people consider that a reduction of speed on the approach and passing 
through the tunnel is acceptable. In this case the reduction must of course be indicated 
ahead of the tunnel.  
 
6.2 Reference point  
The reference point is in principle the point located in the center of the approaching lanes, 
at a height of 1, 5 m and at a distance from the entrance of the tunnel equal to the stopping 
distance (SD) at the design speed. This stopping distance is the distanc e necessary to stop 
the vehicle moving at the speed in question in total safety. It comprises the distance covered 
during the reaction time and during the braking time.  
 
The stopping distance is extremely variable and depends on the driver, his vehicle, th e 
speed of the latter, on the gradient of the road and on the atmospheric conditions.  
Reference shall be made to national standards.  
 
 
6.3 Tunnel lighting related terms  
6.3.1  Symmetric lighting    
The lighting where the light equally falls on objects in directions with and against the traffic. 
Symmetric lighting is characterized by using luminaires that show a luminous intensity 
distribution that is symmetric in relation to the plane normal t o the d irection of the traffic.  
 
 
6.3.2  Counter -beam lighting (CBL)   
The lighting where the light falls on objects from an opposite Direction to the traffic. Counter -
beam lighting is characterized by using luminaires that show a luminous intensity distribution 
that is asymmetric in relation to the plane normal to the Direction of the traffic, where the 
maximum luminous intensity is aimed against the direction of the traffic. The term refers only 
to the direction of normal travel.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  6.3.3 Pro -beam lighting  
The lighting where the light falls on objects in the same direction as the Traffic. Pro -beam 
lighting is characterized by using luminaires that show a luminous intensity Distribution that 
is asymmetric in relation to the 90/270 C -plane (the plane normal to  the Direction of the 
traffic), where the maximum luminous intensity is aimed in the same direction as the direction 
of the traffic.  
 
Figure 11: Lighting styles (distribution beam)  
7  Daytime Lighting for Long Tunnels  
7.1 Lighting in the threshold zone  
As noted above, the necessary lighting level in the threshold zone is determined by visibility 
criteria or, in other words, by enough contrast. A driver can identify other road users or 
objects in the threshold zone from the stopping distance if the perceived contrast is equal to 
or higher than the minimum required contrast.  
The driver's task is to determine the presence of other road users or objects in the relatively 
dark threshold zone while he is driving in a relatively light envir onment at a distance equal 
to the stopping distance corresponding to the tunnel design speed. This implies that the 
perceived contrast by a driver is different from the intrinsic contrast as can be measured 
from a very short distance from the object. The p erceived contrast differs from the intrinsic 
contrast due to at least three main influences:  
 
1. The light veil due to light scattered in the atmosphere in the line of sight;  
2. The light veil due to the scattering in the windscreen (including light reflec ted from  
the dashboard) and  
3. The light veil due to the scattering in the eye (from sources outside of the line of 
sight scattered into the fovea).  
SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  The minimum required contrast perceived at the stopping distance is not only the minimum 
required contrast in laboratory conditions, but also depends on the level of attention of the 
driver. Approaching a tunnel requires not only attention for its entrance but also for driving 
the car, for the road itself, for other road users at short distance, for lane changi ng, and so 
on. 
7.2 Length of the threshold zone  
The total length of the threshold zone must be at least equal to the stopping distance. Over 
the first half of the distance, the luminance level must be equal to L th (the value at the 
beginning of the threshold zone). It is recommended that from half the stopping distance 
onwards, the lighting level may gradually and linearly decrease (linear scale) to a value, at 
the end of the threshold zone, equal to 0,4 Lth. See Figure 4 . The gradual reduction over the  
last half of the threshold zone may also be in steps. However, the luminance levels shall not 
fall below the values corresponding to a gradual decrease . 
7.3 Luminance in the transition zone  
The reduction of the lumin ance of the road in the transition zone follows, in principle, the 
Curve shown in Figure 4.  The transition zone starts at the end of the threshold zone (t = 0). 
This curve can be replaced by a stepped curve with levels that shall never fall below the 
conti nuous curve. The maximum luminance ratio permitted on passing from one step to 
another is 3. The last step shall not be greater than 2 times the interior zone luminance . 
As the field of view of the driver is made up by the tunnel interior, a longer transit ion zone 
may be advisable in order to counteract a second black hole effect . 
For additional driving comfort, in the case of the stepped curve, the length of the transition 
zone may, at its end, be extended for 1 to 2 seconds over the length that follows fr om the 
CIE-curve.  
 
Figure 12: Luminance evolution along the tunnel.  
 
SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  7.4  Daytime luminance in the interior zone  
The average luminance of the road in the interior zone of the tunnel is given  below as a 
function of the stopping distance S D and of the traffic flow. Very long tunnel's interior zone 
consists of two different sub zones. The first sub zone corresponds to the length which is 
covered in 30 seconds and shall be illuminated with the "l ong tunnels" levels. The second 
sub zone corresponds to the remaining length and shall be illuminated with the "very long 
tunnels" levels.  
 
7.5  Traffic  flow 
Traffic flow  is the number of vehicles passing a specific point in a stated time in stated  
Direction. In tunnel design, peak hour traffic, vehicles per hour per lane, will be used . 
 
Table 9: Luminance values in cd/m2 in the interior zone (long tunnels).  
 
 
Stopping Distance ( m) 
  
LONG TUNNELS  
Traffic flow [  vehicles  / hour  / lane ] 
 
Low Heavy  
160 6 10 
60 3 6 
 
 
Table 10: Luminance values in cd/m2 in the second part of the  
interior zone (very long tunnels).  
 
 
Stopping Distance ( m)  
VERY LONG TUNNELS  
Traffic flow [  vehicles  / hour  / lane ] 
 
Low Heavy  
160 2.5 4.5 
60 1 2 
 
For stopping distances lying between the stated figures and intermediate traffic flows 
(between low and heavy), linear interpolation may be used.  
Traffic flow used in the previous tables may be defined as follows:  
  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
29 
  Table 11: Traffic flow classification.  
 
Traffic flow  
(see definition in section 7.5)  
One way traffic   
Two way traffic  
High  > 1500  > 400  
Low < 500  < 100  
7.6 Luminance in the exit zone  
In order to ensure adequate direct illumination of small vehicles and sufficient rear vision via 
mirrors, the exit zone shall be illuminated in the same way as the interior zone of the tunnel. 
In situations where additional hazards are expected near the ex it of the tunnel and in tunnels 
where the interior zone is long, it is recommended that the daytime luminance in the exit 
zone increases linearly over a length equal to the SD (before the exit portal), from the level 
of the interior zone to a level five ti mes that of the interior zone at a distance of 20 m from 
the exit portal.  
7.8 Parting zone lighting  
In case the tunnel is part of an unlit road and the speed of driving is higher than 50 km/h, 
night -time lighting of the parting zone is recommended:  
- If the  night -time lighting level in the tunnel is more than 1 cd/m2 
- If different weather conditions are likely to appear at the entrance and at the exit of 
the tunnel.  
Road lighting in the parting zone shall be provided over the length of two stopping distances 
with road luminance not lower than 1/3 of the night -time luminance in the interior zone of the 
tunnel.  
7.9 Uniformity of luminance  
Good uniformity of luminance must be provided on the road surface and on the walls up to 
a height of 2 m. The lower parts of the walls act as a background for traffic, as does the 
road.So both must be considered in the same way. A ratio of 0,4 for the minimum to the 
average value of luminance on the road surface and on the walls up to 2 m in height in clean 
conditions of the tun nel is recommended. A longitudinal uniformity of 0, 6 along the center 
of each lane is recommended for the road. Such values of uniformity must be verified for all 
dimming steps of the lighting installation. Moreover, in the transition zone, as well as in the 
second half of the threshold zone (and in the exit zone if existing), the luminance uniformity 
shall be calculated and measured in the central part of each step replacing the continuous 
variation curve. It is recommended that the above values shall be reached, independently,  
on the length of the step.  
 
Note  The values of 0, 4 and 0, 6 are those corresponding to the values for normal road Lighting given in CIE 
115-1995.  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
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  8  Night -Time Lighting  
(a) If the tunnel is on a section of an illuminated road, the  quality of the lighting inside the 
tunnel shall be at least equal to the level, uniformities and glare of the access road. The 
uniformity at night of tunnels shall fulfil the same requirements as the daytime lighting.  
(b) If the tunnel is a part of an unlit road, the average road surface luminance inside must 
not be less than 1 cd/m2, the overall uniformity at least 40% and the longit udinal 
uniformity at least 60%.  
 
8.1 Emergency Lighting  
In the event of a failure in th e normal power source that supplies the lighting system, it is 
recommended that an emergency non interruptible power supply is employed to energize 
sufficient system luminaires.  
Conventionally the "emergency" luminaires form a part of stage  1 being the nor mal night -
time level throughout the tunnel. The emergency configuration by example could consist of: 
one lamp from a selection of the system luminaires, forming a linear symmetrical and inter 
spaced series of emergency luminaires, being energized from the non-interruptible power 
supply source. It is recommended that the average illuminance level of the emergency 
lighting shall be at least 10  lux with 2  lux being the minimum level at any location within the 
tunnel.  
For recommendations relating to escape lig hting in the event of a fire, appropriate references 
and standards shall be sought by the reader ( e.g. EN 1838), as it is not intended for this 
document to cover the specific demands required by such circumstances.  
 
9  L20 M ethod   
The luminance L2 0 in the access zone is defined as the average of the luminance values 
measured in a conical field of view, subtending an angle of 20° (2 x 10°), by an observer 
located at the reference point and looking towards a centered point at a height equal to one 
quarter of the height of the tunnel opening. See  Figure 6.  
This average luminance is conventionally considered as representative of the state of 
adaptation of the eye of a driver approaching the entrance of the tunnel when he finds 
himself at the reference po int and is used as a basis for computing the luminance in the 
entrance zone.  
Preferably, it can be calculated or it can be measured by means of a luminance meter having 
a 20° angle of aperture.  
This method can be used if one has an image taken at the stopp ing distance from the portal 
of the tunnel. In this method, the evaluation of L20, is obtained from a sketch of the 
environment of the entrance of the tunnel and is calculated by means of the following 
formula:  
 
L20 = γ · Lc + ρ · Lr + ε · Le + τ · LTh      (Eq.9.1) 
  
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
31 
  Where:  
Lc = luminance of the sky.      γ = % of sky in the 20° field                         
Lr = luminance of the road.      ρ = %of road  
Le = luminance of the surroundings .    ε = % of surroundings  
LTh = luminance of the threshold zone.     τ = % of tunnel entrance  
And  
γ + ρ + ε + τ = 1        (Eq.9.2)       
In this formula the value of L th is the unknown to be determined. For stopping distances 
longer than 100 m, the value of τ is low (below 10%) and given that L th is already low with 
respect to the other values of luminance, the L th term is negligible.  
For a stopping distance of 60 m the following expression can apply:  
 
L20 = (γ · Lc + ρ · Lr + ε · Le + τ · LTh) / (1- k)     (Eq.9.3) 
 
Ask (see Section 9.1 and Eq .9.5) can never be greater than 0,1, the product τ · k is 
negligible,  and the expression can be written as follows:          
L20 = γ · Lc + ρ · Lr + ε · Le        (Eq.9.4) 
Where:  
γ + ρ + ε < 1 
If no L values of the surroundings are available, the data for L c. Lr and L e (expressed in 
kcd/m2) are given in table  12. 
 
Table 12: Examples of luminance’s at tunnel portals.  
Driving 
direction  
(Northern  
hemisphere )  
Lc (sky)  
kcd/m2  
Lr (road)  
kcd/m2  
Le (environment) k cd/m2 
 
Rocks   
Buildings   
Snow   
Meadows  
N 8 3 3 8 15 (v)  
15 (h)  2 
E-W 12 4 2 6 10 (v)  
15 (h)  2 
s 16 5 1 4 05 (v)  
15 (h)  2 
 
 (V)   Mountainous country with mainly steep surfaces facing drivers  
 (H)   Flat, more or less horizontal, country  
 
NOTE    In the southern hemisphere N and S shall be interchanged . SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
32 
  In order to estimate the percentages of the components of L 20, it is appropriate to take a 
photograph of the entrance of the tunnel from the reference point, the axis of the line of sight 
being ori ented towards a point in the center of the entrance at a height equal to one quarter 
of the height of the tunnel opening.  
The circle of intersection of the cone of observation with the vertical plane of the portal is 
then marked on the photograph and the z ones of the components are delineated, their 
luminance being calculated as a percentage of the area of the circle. The radius of the circle 
can be calculated, at the scale of the photograph, on the basis of a known dimension of the 
picture, for example the  height of the portal of the tunnel.  
 
Example:  (see Figure 6)  
Stopping distance: SD = 100 m  
Portal height= 5 m (13,7 mm on the photograph)  
The sought radius R = SD · tg · 10 ° = 0,176 · SD  
On the scale of the plane of the portal, SD = 100 x 13,7/5 = 274 mm  
Therefore R = 0,176 x 27 4 = 48,3mm  
In this case, the skyline must not be modified during the construction. Otherwise it will be 
appropriate to make use of a scale drawing. The photograph or the drawing can be 
compared with the most similar sketch in Figur e 5, whose specific sky percentage is known.  
 
 
Figure 13: Sky percentages for several configurations.  
SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
33 
  9.1 Evaluation of the luminance in the threshold zone with the L20 method  
 
Figure 14: Perspective view of tunnel entrance with superimposed 20° subtended 
circle.  
In order to prevent the sensation of a black hole and to create minimum luminance conditions 
to obtain sufficient visibility of objects in the threshold zone, the luminance of the road in the 
thres hold zone must reach certain minimum values. These depend on the luminance in the 
access zone. In practice it is necessary to distinguish a first half within the  threshold zone 
where the luminance of the road is constant and called the threshold luminance (Lth) · 
 
Lth can be expressed as a fraction k of L 20 
Lth = k · L 20          (Eq.9.5) 
As the proportion taken by the view of the entrance is a function of the length of the access 
zone, the minimum value of k to be complied  with also depends on the stopping distance 
according to the Table 13 
 
Table 13: Lth/L20 ratio's for various speeds  
Speed (km/h)  k = Lth I L2o  
<= 60 km/h  0.05 
80 km/h  0.06 
120 km/h  0.10 
9.2 Stopping  Distance   
Important parameters for the design of tunnel lighting installations include the speed, volume 
and composition of traffic flow entering, and passing through the tunnel.  
There is a strong, but non -linear relationship between the traffic flow and the accident risk: 
higher volumes show a higher accident risk (with the exception of very low or very high traffic 
flows). The extra risk can be counteracted, at least in part, by increasing the light level.  
This relationship is established for many types of open roads, and it is assumed that it also 
holds for tunnels.  
SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
34 
  One of the most important factors is speed. In practice, road and tunnel designs are such 
that speed and flow usually are interrelated, as a high design speed is selected for roads for 
which a high flow is expected. High speeds require better visibility an d therefore generally a 
higher luminance level.  
The stopping distance SD that often has to be evaluated for the correct design of the lighting 
is the sum of two stretches of road:  
- the X 0 distance covered during the reaction time;  
- The x distance covered du ring the braking time.  
 
If u is the travelling speed, constant at the beginning of the stopping action,  
X0 = u · t 0          (Eq.9.6) 
Where:    
u = vehicle speed limit (u, m/s)  
t0 = the reaction time  in seconds . 
 
 
Figure 15: Typical  diagrams of the friction coefficient as a function of the speed for 
dry and wet pavement.  
the general formula of the safe stopping distance is given as:   
SD=X0+ u2
2.g.(f±s)        (Eq.9.7) 
Where:     
f = friction coefficient tire -pavement  
g = gravity acceleration  (g, m/s2) 
s = road gradient (upward or down ward; ± s, %)  
u = vehicle  speed limit ( u, m/s)  
 
Without any particular value,  t0 can be assumed equal to 1 s and f taken from the curve of 
Figure 7  for wet pavement as a function of the design speed.  
  
SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
35 
  10  Requirements for Street Lighting  Lamps , Control  Gears and Non-integrated  
Luminaires / Luminaires  
10.1 Energy Efficiency R equirements  
 Integrated luminaire and led chips shall comply with energy efficiency requirements 
specified in table 14  
 
Table 14: Efficacy requirements integrated luminaire and LED chips  
Type  Efficacy [ lm / W ] 
Integrated luminaire  ≥ 120 and ≥ 85% of LED chips Efficacy  
LED chips  ≥ 140  at 25 °C 
 
 High pressure sodium shall comply with energy efficiency requirements specified in 
table 15 and table 16  
 
 
Table 15: Rated minimum efficacy values for high pressure sodium  
lamps with Ra ≤ 60  
Nominal Lamp Wattage [W]  Rated Lamp Efficacy [Lm/W] 
- Clear Lamps  Rated Lamp Efficacy [Lm/W] 
- Not Clear Lamps  
W ≤ 45  ≥ 60 ≥ 60 
45 < W ≤ 55  ≥ 80 ≥ 70 
55 < W ≤ 75  ≥ 90 ≥ 80 
55 < W ≤ 75  ≥ 100  ≥ 95 
105 < W ≤ 155  ≥ 110  ≥ 105  
155 < W ≤ 255  ≥ 125  ≥ 115  
255 < W ≤ 605  ≥ 135  ≥ 130  
 
  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
36 
  Table 16: Rated minimum efficacy values for high pressure  
sodium lamps with Ra > 60  
Nominal Lamp Wattage [W]  Rated Lamp Efficacy [Lm/W] 
- Clear Lamps  Rated Lamp Efficacy [Lm/W] 
- Not Clear Lamps  
W ≤ 55  ≥ 60 ≥ 60 
55 < W ≤ 75  ≥ 75 ≥ 70 
75 < W ≤ 105  ≥ 80 ≥ 75 
105 < W ≤ 155  ≥ 80 ≥ 75 
155 < W ≤ 255  ≥ 80 ≥ 75 
255 < W ≤ 405  ≥ 85 ≥ 75 
 
 Metal halide lamps shall comply with energy efficiency requirements specified in 
table 17 
Table 17: Rated minimum efficacy values for metal halide lamps  
Nominal Lamp Wattage [W]  Rated Lamp Efficacy [Lm/W] 
- Clear Lamps  Rated Lamp Efficacy [Lm/W] 
- Not Clear Lamps  
W ≤ 55  ≥ 70 ≥ 65 
55 < W ≤ 75  ≥ 80 ≥ 75 
75 < W ≤ 105  ≥ 85 ≥ 80 
105 < W ≤ 155  ≥ 85 ≥ 80 
155 < W ≤ 255  ≥ 85 ≥ 80 
255 < W ≤ 405  ≥ 90 ≥ 85 
  
 All other High Intensity  Discharge lamps shall comply with energy efficiency 
requirements specified in table 18 
 
Table 18: Rated minimum efficacy values for other high intensity discharge lamps  
Nominal Lamp wattage [W]  Rated Lamp Efficacy [lm/W]  
W ≤ 40  50 
40 < W ≤ 50  55 
50 < W ≤ 70  65 
70 < W ≤ 125  70 
125 < W  75 
 
 For efficiency of ballasts and control gears refer to SASO 2902 /2018 ENERGY 
EFFICIENCY, FUNCTIONALITY AND LABELLING REQUIREMENTS FOR 
LIGHTING PRODUCTS (PART 2)  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
37 
  10.2  Functionality /Performance  LEDs requirements  
 The lighting unit shall be designed to operate continuously at external temperature 
and humidity, taking into account the effects of direct exposure to sunlight and dust 
storms.  
 Life span of LED ships and Luminaire shall be greater than or equal to 70% (L70) 
after 50,000 hours  
 Color  rendering (Ra) shall be greater than  Ra 70 (Ra ≥ 70)  
 Color temperature must be between 3000 - 6000  K   
 Vendor shall present ISTMT test results f or the luminaire at 50°C which displays the 
recorded temp within each part of the luminary (LED chips, Lenses, Driver, SPD)  
 The color  consistency of the light source or luminaire at the time the system is put 
into operation shall be within a 5 step MacAdam  ellipse . 
 The value of the maintenance factor (MF)  shall be set during the design as 
follows:  
Maintenance factor (MF) equal  Lamp Lumen Depreciation for Led chips (LLD)  × 
Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD)  where:  
 
Lighting unit dirt factor (L DD) 
o Lighting unit dirt factor shall be chosen according to the specification:  
 
Table 19: Lighting unit dirt factor  
 
 
 
 
Enviro nmental 
zone   
 
 
 
Mount -ing 
height  Maintenance factor  
 
Cleaning 
frequency 
12 months  Cleaning 
frequency 
24 months  Cleaning 
frequency 
36 months  Cleaning 
frequency 
48 months  Cleaning 
frequency 
60 months  Cleaning 
frequency 
72 months  
E1/E2  ≤ 6 m  0.96 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 
E1/E2  > 6 m  0.96 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 
E3/E4  ≤ 6 m  0.92 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 
E3/E4  > 6 m 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
38 
   
Table 20: Lighting Zone  
LIGHTING ZONE  DESCRIPTION  
1 Developed areas of national parks, forest land and rural areas.  
2 Areas predominately consisting of residential zoning 
neighborhood business districts with limited nighttime use and 
residential mixed -use areas.    
3 All other areas.  
4 High-activity commercial districts in major metropolitan areas as 
designed by the local land use planning authority.  
 
 
10.3 Electrical  Requirements  
 The installation shall have overvoltage protection of 10 kV . 
 All luminaires shall have Class I electrical protection.  
 The control unit shall be equipped with internal protection to withstand charges and 
lightning of not less than 4 kV 
 Constant Voltage Drivers are not allowed to be used; drivers shall be programmable 
whether DALI (preferable) or 0 -10V dimmable  
 Fixture shall include a base for Receptacle  7-pin NEMA Socket capped (short -
circuited) to enable future use in smart city application  
 The control units (D river) must operat es with voltage (120 -277) Vac at 60 Hz  
 If the temperature exceeds the permissible limits, the control unit shall reduce the 
intensity of the lantern lighting gradually until the temperature returns to normal rates; 
it is not allowed  to use control units that turn the lantern fully off when the temperature 
rises . 
 The Power factor value for driver and integrated luminaire shall be ≥ 0.9  
 Total Harmonic Distortion of the driver individually < 15%  
 
10.4  Mechanical R equirements   
 The luminaire / integrated luminaire units shall have IP6 6 
 The control gear in the li ghting fixtures shall have IP66 protection levels  
 The luminaire shall have an impact protection rating greater than IK08  
 The control unit enclosure shall be designed to with stand a temperature between -10 
and +85.  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
39 
   
 The painted parts of the lighting unit are exposed to the external environment and 
shall exceed the fifth classification after 2,500 hours  
 The vibration test of roads and bridges (3 Axis vibration test) is perform ed in 
accordance with ANSI C136.31 -2001, ANSI C136.3 -2001. The test shall be in the 
case of road installation at least 1.5G and in the case of installation on bridges or 
tunnels at least 3G  
 The luminaire shall be built  in such a way that it can withstand wind speed of 150 
KMph . 
 The  Surge Protection Device  (SPD)  shall be able to work normally at a temperature 
of 80°C (inside the fixture)  
 
10.5  Requirements  
 Lamps and integrated luminaires in the scope of this standard shall comply with the 
marking requirement according  to SASO 2902 /2018 ENERGY EFFICIENCY, 
FUNCTIONALITY AND LABELLING REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTING 
PRODUCTS (PART 2)  
 
10.6  Energy Efficiency L abel  
 Lamps and integrated luminaires in the scope of this standard shall have a label 
printed directly on the individual packaging of the product) as in Annex B. 
 Ballasts/control  gears are excluded from the energy labelling requirements.  
 
10.7  Hazardous M aterials  
 Lamps and integrated luminaires in the scope of this standard shall comply with the 
maximum hazardous substances limits according to  SASO 2902 /2018 ENERGY 
EFFICIENCY, FUNCTIONALITY AND LABELLING REQUIREMENTS FOR 
LIGHTING PRODUCTS (PART 2)  
  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
40 
  11  Registration Requirements  
11.1 General  
Product registration is mandatory, whereby information about registration requirements will 
be available in the information center of the Saudi Standards, Metrology, and Quality 
Organization (SASO), and reference shall be made to the separate SASO registration forms 
and requirements.  
The product's information shall be submitted through the registration system electronically 
via SASO website. The applicant shall fulfill all updated requirements of the electronic 
registration system and any new requirements, procedures, and regulations required by 
SASO . 
Labels will be automatically published by SASO website after the final registration of a 
product.  
11.2 Type of documents  needed for registration  under the scope of this standard  
To confirm the claims of the applicant , the following documents shall be submitted to SASO 
during registration  from a third party accredited laboratory (ISO 17025) and accepted by 
SASO : 
 
 datasheets for the Fixture  
 datashe ets for the Driver  
 datasheets for the LED units  
 datasheets for the SPD  
 LM-79-08 test report accredit      
 LM - 80 -08 and TM - 21 - 11 reports   
 LM - 82 - 12 report   
 LM – 84-14 and TM – 28-14 reports at temperature (50°C) at 2000  hr. or 6000 hr.    
 ISTMT test for the luminaire at 50°C which displays the recorded temp within 
each part of the luminary (LED chips, Driver)  
 IP test according to IEC/EN 60598 -1   
 IK test according to IEC/EN 62262   
 THD test according to IEC 610000 -3-2   
 Corrosion test according to ISO 9227 for 2500 hours and should obtain Class 5 
or above   
 3-axis vibration test according to ANSI CI136.3 -2001, ANSI CI136.31 -2001 
Minimum 1.5G for road and 3G for bridges and tunnels   
 Photobiological  safety  test SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
41 
  ANNEX A 
(normative )  
 
– Energy label and  classe s for lamps and integrated luminaires  
 
A.1 - Determining the energy efficiency class  
Lamps and integrated luminaires in the scope of this standard shall comply with the Energy 
efficiency classes and calculation according to SASO 2902/2018 ENERGY EFFICIENCY, 
FUNCTIONALITY AND LABELLING REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTING PRODUCTS 
(PART 2) . 
 
A.2 - Design and placement of the label  
The label is issued automatically by SASO application at the end of the registration 
process.  
Energy efficiency classes shall each be represented as follows  with a fixed number of 
color -coded bars as outlined in Table 21 and illustrated in Figure 8.  
 
 
Table 21 Energy efficiency class representation  
Bar color  Energy efficiency 
class (Arabic)  Equivalent energy 
efficiency class 
(English)  
Dark green  أ A 
Green  ب B 
Light green  ج C 
Yellow  د D 
Orange  هـ E 
Red و F 
Dark red  ز G 
Note  For labelling  purposes, the Arabic letters shall be used. The equivalent 
English version is only provided for informational purposes.  
 
 
The label  shall be prin ted directly on one side of the individual packaging of the product . 
The label shall be (43 mm wide and 75 mm high ) as in  figure 8 without alteration .  
 
 
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
42 
  A.3 - Information and values contained on the label  
The fields (a), (b),  (c), (d), (e), (f) , (g), (h)  and ( i) outlined in Figure 8 (given for illustration) 
shall comply with the following requirements:  
 
 Field (a): This field shall display the logo of the Saudi Standards, Metrology and 
Quality Organization (SASO).  
 
 Field (b):  This field shall reflect the energy efficiency class, which the product 
attained, based on  its energy efficiency index (EEI).   
 
 Field (c):  This field shall have a QR code representing the main characteristics of 
the lamp  or integrated luminaire , this may include the following items as a minimum 
requirements:  
o Manufacturer name  
o Model number  
o Count ry of origin  
o Luminous flux (lumens)  
o Beam angle (for directional  lamps only ) 
o Lifetime (h)  
o Rated power (W)  
o EEI (unit -less)  
o Efficacy (lumens/W)  
o Color R endering Index  (Ra) 
o Color temperature (K)  
o Annual electricity consumption (kWh/year)  
 
 Field (d):  this field identif ies the brand name of the product.  
 Field (e): this field identifies the  country of origin  
 Field (f) : this field identifies the model number  
 Field (g): this field identifies the lighting type  
 Field (h):  this field identifies the registration number and the standard reference 
number  
 Field ( i): this field identifies the legal statement  
 
 
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
43 
   
 
 
 
  
Figure 16: Label for lighting products  
a 
b 
c d 
e 
f g 
h i SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
44 
  ANNEX  B 
(normative)   
– Criteria for market surveillance  
 
The enforcer may draw a sample of batch of a minimum of twenty (20) lamps or ten (10) 
luminaires of the same model from the same manufacturer, where possible obtained in equal 
proportion from four randomly selected sources , unless specified otherwise in Table 22.  
The model shall be considered to comply with the requirements laid down in this Standard 
if: 
 The lamps in the batch are accompanied by the required and c orrect product 
information,  
 All parameters listed in Table 22 are met . 
 
Table 22: Criteria applying for market surveillance  
Parameter  Procedure  
Energy 
efficiency index1 Compliance: The Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) value for lamps   in 
the scope of this Standard shall be less than or equal to the specified 
values in Tables 2 and 8, when calculated at both rated and average 
tested  power and luminous flux. Furthermore, the average EEI of 
the sample tested shall be not higher than  10% of the rated EEI, and 
each lamp  in the sample shall have an EEI value within 10% of the 
sample’s average EEI.  
For Luminaires the MEPS for Energy Efficacy shall be respected  for 
each product ; furthermore, the average efficacy of the sample tested 
shall not be lower 10% of the rated efficacy (in Lumen/W), and each 
luminaire in the sample shall have an efficacy value within 10% of 
the sample’s average efficacy.  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
Lamp survival 
factor at 2000 h 
or 6000 h (for 
LED lamps only)  The test shall end  
 when the required number of hours is met, or  
 when more than two lamps fail, whichever occurs first  
Compliance: a maximum of two out of every 20 lamps in the test batch 
may fail before the required number of hours  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
                                            
1 The tolerances for variation indicated above relate only to the verification of the measured 
parameters by the authorities and shall not be used  by the supplier as an allowed tolerance 
on the values in the technical documentation to achieve a more efficient energy class.  
The declared values shall not be more favorable for the supplier than the values reported 
in the technical documentation.  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
45 
  Number of 
switching cycles 
before failure  The test shall end when the required number of switching cycles is 
reached, or when more than one out of every 20 lamps in the test 
batch have reached the end of their life, whichever occurs first  
Compliance: at l east 19 of every 20 lamps in the batch have no failure 
after the required number of switching cycles is reached  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
Starting time  Compliance: the average starting time of the lamps in the test batch 
is not higher than the required s tarting time plus 10 %, and no lamp 
in the sample batch has a starting time longer than two times the 
required starting time  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
Lamp warm -up 
time to 60 % Φ  Compliance: the average warm -up time of the lamps in the test batch 
is not higher than the required warm -up time plus 10%, and no lamp 
in the sample batch has a warm -up time that exceeds the required 
warm -up time multiplied by 1.5  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
Premature 
failure rate  The test shall end  
 when the required number of hours is met, or  
 when more than one lamp fails, whichever occurs first.  
Compliance: a maximum of one out of every 20 lamps in the test 
batch fails before the required number of hours  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
Color  rendering 
(Ra)  Compliance: the average Ra of the lamps in the test batch is not 
lower than three points below the required value, and no lamp in the 
test batch has a Ra value that is more than 3,9 points below the 
required value  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
Lumen 
maintenance at 
end of life and 
rated lifetime 
(for LED lamps 
only)  For these purposes, ‘end of life’ shall mean the point in time when 
only 50 % of the lamps are projected to survive or when the average 
lumen maintenance of the batch is projected to fall below 70 %, 
whichever is projected to occur first  
Compliance: the lumen maintenance at end of life and the lifetime 
values obtained by extrapolation from the lamp survival factor and 
from the average lumen maintenance of the lamps in the test batch  
at 6000 h are not lower than respectively the lumen maintenance 
and the rated lifetime values declared in the product information 
minus 10 %  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
 SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
46 
  Beam angle  Compliance: the average results of the lamps in the test batch do 
not vary  from the declared beam angle by more than 25 % and the 
beam angle value of each individual lamp in the test batch does not 
deviate by more than 25 % of the rated value  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
Peak intensity  Compliance: the peak intensity of each indiv idual lamp in the test 
batch is not less than 75 % of the rated intensity of the model  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
Other 
parameters  Compliance: the average results of the lamps in the test batch do 
not vary from the limit, threshold or declared values by more than 10 
%.  
Non-compliance: otherwise  
 
If a model within the registered family of product fails, the registration of all model s under 
the same family of product will be automatically canceled.  
   SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
47 
  ANNEX  C 
(normative)  
– Tests methods for lamp , luminaire  and control gears  
 
Table 23: Type of Test Required   
Organization  Reference  Title Measured parameters  
IEC 62722 -2-1 Luminaire performance - Part 
2-1: Particular requirements 
for LED luminaires  
 Power  
Luminous flux  
CRI, CCT, chromaticity 
coordinates  
Beam angle  
Lumen maintenance  
Endurance  
IEC IEC 60598 -2-3 
 Luminaires - Part 2 -3: 
Particular requirements - 
Luminaires for road and 
street lighting  
  
IEC 60598 -1 
 Luminaires - Part 1: General 
requirements and tests  
 IP 
IEC 60529  Degrees of protection 
provided by enclosures (IP 
Code)  IP 
IEC  
62262  
 Degrees of protection 
provided by enclosures for 
electrical equipment against 
extern al mechanical impacts 
(IK code)  
 
 IK SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
48 
   
IES  
LM-79-08  
 
Electrical and photometric 
measurements of Solid State 
lighting products  Total Luminous Flux  
Luminous Intensity 
Distribution Electrical 
Power Characteristics  
Luminous Efficacy 
(calculated)  
Color Characteristics 
(CRI, CCT…)  
IES LM-82-12 Method for characterisation 
of LED light Engines and 
Integrated LED lamps for 
Electrical properties as a 
function of the temperature  Light output  
Efficacy  
Color temperature   
IES LM-84 Measuring  Luminous Flux 
and Color Maintenance of 
LED Lamps, Light Engines, 
and Luminaires   
IEC 61000 -3-2 Electromagnetic compatibility 
(EMC) - Part 3 -2: Limits - 
Limits for harmonic current 
emissions (equipment input 
current ≤16 A per phase)  Total Harmonic Distortion  
IEC 61643 -11 Low-voltage surge protective 
devices - Part 11: Surge 
protective devices connected 
to low -voltage power 
systems - Requirements and 
test methods  
 Surge protection  
IEC 61140  
 Protection against electric 
shock - Common aspects for 
installation and equipment  electric shock classes  SASO STANDARD                                                               SASO       / 2019                                
  
49 
  ISO 9227 
 Corrosion tests in artificial 
atmospheres -- Salt spray 
tests  
 Corrosion  tests  
ISO  
10289  
 
 Methods for corrosion testing 
of metallic and other 
inorganic coatings on 
metallic substrates  — Rating  
of test specimens and 
manufactured articles 
subjected to corrosion tests  Corrosion tests  
ISO 4628 -2 Paints and varnishes — 
Evaluation of degradation of 
coatings — Designation of 
quantity and size of defects, 
and of intensity of uniform 
changes in appeara nce — 
Part 2: Assessment of 
degree of blistering   
ISO 4628 -4 Paints and varnishes — 
Evaluation of degradation of 
coatings — Designation of 
quantity and size of defects, 
and of intensity of uniform 
changes in appearance — 
Part 2: Assessment of 
degree of blistering   
IEC 62471  Photobiological safety test   
 
 
 
 _____________