DEAS 196: 2020  
ICS 77.140  
© EA C 2020                                                                                                                         Third Edition 2020   
 
DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
High -Strength Low -Alloy Steel (HSLA)  for hot rolled sheet and cold rolled 
sheet — Specification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 196: 2020  
ii © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
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Violators may be persecuted  DEAS 196: 2020  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terminology  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  2 
3.1 Steel type  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....Error! Bookmark not defined.  
3.2 Product types  ................................ ................................ ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.  
4. Materials and Manufacture  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  3 
5. Chemical Composition ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 3 
5.1 Limits  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  3 
5.2 Cast or Heat Analysis:  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
5.3 Product, Check, or Verificat ion Analysis  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 4 
5.4 Sampling for Product Analysis  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  4 
5.5 Specimen Preparation ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 5 
6. Mechanical Properties  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 5 
7. General Requirements for Delivery  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  7 
8. Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 7 
9 Finish and Condition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 10 
10. Workmanship  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  13 
11. Retests and Disposition of Non -Conf orming Material  ................................ ................................ ............  16 
11.1 Retests  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  16 
11.2 Disposition of Non -Conforming Material  ................................ ................................ ...............................  17 
12. Inspection  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  17 
13. Rejection and Rehearing  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  17 
14. Test Reports and Certification  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  17 
15. Product Marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  18 
16. Packing and Package Marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  18 
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  19 
 DEAS 196: 2020  
iv © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardiza tion, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
In order to achieve this objective, the Community established an East African Standards Committee mandated 
to develop and issue East Afri can Standards.   
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, together 
with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East African Standards 
are circulated to stakehold ers through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner States. The comments 
received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures 
of the Community.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to kee p pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
EAS 196 was prepared by Technical Committee EASC/TC 035, TC Steel an d Steel Products . 
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (EAS  196:2014 ).  
 DEAS 196: 2020    
 
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 High -strength low -alloy Steel (HSLA)  for hot rolled sheet and 
cold rolled sheet — Specification  
1 Scope  
1.1 This East African Standard specifies  the requirement s for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths  for high-
strength  low-alloy steel  (HSLA) supplied  as hot -rolled sheet and cold -rolled sheet.  
1.2 For the purposes of determining conformance with this specification and the various material  
specifications, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right -hand place of figures used in  expressing 
the limiting values.  
1.3 For the purposes of determining conformance with this product specification, measured values, 
calculated values, or observed values shall be  rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures 
used in expressing the limiting values.  
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition  cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
ISO 437, Steel and cast iron — Determination of total carbon content — Combustion gravimetric method  
ISO 439, Steel and iron — Determi nation of total silicon content — Gravimetric method    
ISO 629, Steel and cast iron — Determination of manganese content — Spectrophotometric method   
ISO 671, Steel and cast iron — Determination of sulphur content — Combustion titrimetric method ISO 4829 -1 
Steel and cast iron — Determination of total silicon content — Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric 
method — Part 1: Silicon contents between 0.05 and 1.0 %  
ISO 4829 -1, Steel and cast iron — Determination of total silicon content — Reduced molybdosi licate 
spectrophotometric method — Part 1: Silicon contents between 0.05 and 1.0 %  
ISO 4829 -2, Steel and iron — Determination of total silicon content — Reduced molybdosilicate 
spectrophotometric method — Part 2: Silicon contents between 0.01 and 0.05 %  
ISO 4943, Steel and cast iron — Determination of copper content — Flame atomic absorption spectrometric 
method  
ISO 10714, Steel and iron — Determination of phosphorus content — Phosphovanadomolybdate 
spectrophotometric method  
ISO 14284; Steel and iron — samp ling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical 
composition   
2 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 3 Terminology   
3.1 High -strength low-alloy steel   
The specific group of steels in which higher strength, and in  some cases additional resistance to atmospheric 
corrosion or impro ved formability, are obtained by  moderate amounts of one or more alloying elements.  
3.2       Hot-rolled sheet  
Sheet manufactured by hot rolling slabs in a continuous mill to the required  thickness and shall be supp lied in 
coils or cut lengths as  specifie d. 
 
Table 1 (a) Hot-rolled high -strength low -alloy steel  (HSLA)  sheet in coils and cut lengths  
Dimensions in millimetres  
Width , w Thickness , x 
 
All widthsA 0.8 to 6.0, excl  
A Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less tha n 300 mm in width must have c ut edges. Hot -rolled material with mill 
edges 300 mm and less in width is considered hot-rolled strip.  
 
3.3 Cold -rolled sheet   
Sheet manufactured from hot-rolled descaled coils by cold reducing to the  desired thickness, generally 
followed by annealing to recrystallize the grain structure. If the sheet is  not annealed after cold reduction it is 
known as full hard with a hardness of 84 HRB minimum and  shall be used for certain applications where 
ductility and flatness are not required.  
Cold-rolled high -stren gth, low -alloy sheet is commonly classified by size as follows:  
Table 1 (b ) Cold -rolled high strength, low -alloy carbon sheet  
Dimensions in millimetres  
Width, mm  Thickness, mm  
To 300, inclA 0.5 to 2.0, incl  
Over 300B 0.5 and Over  
A Cold-rolled sheet co ils and cut lengths, slit from wider coils with cut edge (only) and in thicknesses 0.4826  mm. [0.5 mm] 
through 0.082 mm. [2.0 mm] carbon 0.25 % maximum by cast analysis.  
B When no special edge or finish (other than matte, commercial bright, or luster finis h) or single strand rolling of widths, or 
both under 24 mm. [600 mm] is not specified or required.  
 
 
3.4 Retests  
An additional test, or tests, made from the original material when the original test did not meet the appropriate 
acceptance criteria required  by a product specification and the f ailure was mechanical in nature.  
 
3.5 Resample  
An additional test or tests made when the  test on the original sample did not meet the appropriate  acceptance 
criteria required by the product specification, but  possibly r equiring that the material in question have an  
appropriate amount discarded prior to securing the new sample  or samples.  
 
3.6 Steel manufacturer   
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  3 
 The organization that directly controls or is responsible for th e melting and refining of steel and the convers ion 
of that steel i nto semi -finished steel products known as slabs either through continuous casting, 
conventionalor compact methods, or ingot ca sting and subsequent conversion of the ingots to slabs,  and for 
one or more additional operations such as testi ng, mar king, loading for shipment, and certification.  
 
3.7 Coil processor  
the organization that directly controls  or is responsible for operat ions involved in processing the coil such as 
leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspection, blanking, slitting,  pickling, cold  rolling (cold reduction), heat 
treating, temper rolling, coati ng, packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification.  
 
3.8 Hot roll manufacturer  
the organization that directly  controls or is responsible for the conversion of steel  slabs, by hot -rolling into 
coils, and for one or more additional  operations such as leveling, cutting to length, testing,  inspection, 
blanking, slitting, pickling, cold rolling, heat  treating, coating, packaging, marking, loading for shipment,  and 
certific ation.  
 
3.9 Cold roll manufacturer  
the organization that directly controls or is responsible  for the conversion of hot roll coils into cold roll coils,  
and for one or more additional operations such as pickling, annea ling, temper rolling, slitting, cuttin g to length, 
testing,  inspection, blanking, coating, packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification.  
 
4. Materials and Manufacture  
4.1 Unless otherwise specified, hot -rolled material shall be  furnished hot -rolled, not annealed, not pickled.  
 
4.2 Coil breaks, stretcher strains, and fluting can occur  during the user’s processing of hot -rolled or hot -rolled 
pickled  sheet. When any of these features are detrimental to the  application, the manufacturer shall be notified 
at time of  ordering in order to properly process the sheet.  
 
 
4.3 Unless specified as a full -hard product, cold -rolled sheet is annealed after being  cold reduced to thickness. 
The annealed, cold -rolled sheet can  be used as annealed last (dead soft) for unexposed end -use applications. 
When cold -rolled sheet is used for unexposed app lications and coil breaks are a hazard in uncoiling, it may be 
necessary to further process the material. In this case the ma nufacturer should be consulted. After annealing, 
cold-rolled s heet is generally giv en a light skin pass to impart shape or m ay be given a heavier skin pass or 
temper pass to prevent th e phenomenon known as stretcher straining o r fluting, when formed. Temper 
passing also provides a required surface texture.  
 
4.4Temper Rolling:  
4.4.1 Unles s otherwise specified, cold -rolled sheet for exposed  applications shall be temper rolled and is 
usually  specified and furnished in the strain free condition as shipped . 
4.4.2 Cold-rolled sheet for unexposed applications may be  specified and furnished ―anne aled last‖ or ―temper 
rolled.‖  ―Annealed last‖ is normally produced without temper rolling  but may be lightly temper rolled during 
oiling or rewinding.  Unexposed temper -rolled material may be specified strain -free or nonfluting. Where 
specific hardness ran ge or limit or a  specified surface texture is required, the application is considered  as 
exposed.  
 
5. Chemical Composition  
5.1 Limits  
5.1.1 Where the material is used for fabrication by welding, care must be exercised in selection of chemical 
composition o r mechanical properties to assure compatibility with the welding process and its effect on 
altering the properties.  
  
4 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 5.2 Cast or Heat Analysis:  
5.2.1 An analysis of each cast or heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the 
percent age of elements specified or restricted by the applicable specification.  
 
5.2.2 When requested, cast or heat analysis for elements listed or required shall be reported to the purchaser 
or to his representative. The steel manufacturer, or the hot roll manuf acturer, cold roll manufacturer, or 
processor, if different from the steel manufacturer, is responsible for providing this information to the 
purchaser or his representative as requested.  
 
5.3 Product, Check, or Verification Analysis  
5.3.1 Non -killed steel s such as capped or rimmed steels are not technologically suited to product analysis due 
to the non -uniform character of their chemical composition; therefore, the tolerances in Table 2 do not apply. 
Product analysis is appropriate on these types of steel only when misapplication is apparent or for copper 
when copper steel is specified.  
 
5.3.2 For steels other than non -killed (capped or rimmed), product analysis may be made by the purchaser. 
The chemical analysis shall not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in Table 2.  The 
several determinations of any element in a cast shall not vary both above and below the specified range.  
 
Table 2 - HSLA Steel Grade Composition  
 
Grade  % Carbon 
(max)  % Manganese 
(max)  % Phosphorus 
(max)  % Sulfur 
(max)  % Silicon 
(max)  Notes  
942X  0.21 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium or vanadium 
treated  
945A  0.15 1.00 0.04 0.05 0.90  
945C  0.23 1.40 0.04 0.05 0.90  
945X  0.22 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium or vanadium 
treated  
950A  0.15 1.30 0.04 0.05 0.90  
950B  0.22 1.30 0.04 0.05 0.90  
950C  0.25 1.60 0.04 0.05 0.90  
950D  0.15 1.00 0.15 0.05 0.90  
950X  0.23 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium or vanadium 
treated  
955X  0.25 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
960X  0.26 1.45 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanad ium, 
or nitrogen treated  
965X  0.26 1.45 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
970X  0.26 1.65 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
980X  0.26 1.65 0.04 0.05 0.90 Niobium, vanadium, 
or nitrogen treated  
 
5.4 Sampling fo r Product Analysis  
5.4.1 To indicate adequately the representative composition of a cast by product analysis, it is general 
practice to select  samples to represent the steel, as fairly as possible, from a minimum number of pieces as 
follows: 3 pieces for l ots up to 15 tons and 6 pieces for lots over 15 tons.  
 
5.4.2 When the steel is subject to tension test requirements, samples for product analysis may be taken either 
by drilling entirely through the used tension test specimens themselves, or as covered in 5.4.3 . 
 
5.4.3 When the steel is not subject to tension test requirements, the samples for analysis must be taken by   
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  5 
 milling or drilling entirely through the sheet in a sufficient number of places so that the samples are 
representative of the entire sheet o r strip. The sampling may be facilitated by folding the sheet both ways, so 
that several samples may be taken at one drilling. Steel subjected to certain heating operations by the 
purchaser may not give chemical analysis results that properly represent its  original composition. Therefore, 
users must analyze chips taken from the steel in the condition in which it is received from the steel 
manufacturer.  
 
5.5 Specimen Preparation  
Drillings or chips must be taken without the application of water, oil, or other  lubricant, and must be free of 
scale, grease, dirt, or other foreign substances. They must not be overheated during cutting to the extent of  
causing decarburization. Chips must be well mixed and those too coarse to pass a No. 10 s ieve or too fine to 
remai n on a No. 30 sieve are not suitable for proper analysis.  
 
5.6 Test Methods  
Chemical analysis must be in accordance with any Standard Test Methods . 
6. Mechanical Properties  
6.1 The mechanical property requirements shall be in accordance with Table 3 . 
 
6.2 Unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification, test specimens must be prepared in 
accordance with any Standard Test Methods and Definitions. Also the number of specimens, test locations, 
and specimen orientation shall be in accordance with the applicable product specification.  
 
6.3 Mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordance with any Standard Test Methods.  
 
6.4 Bend tests where required shall be conducted in compliance with any Standard Test Methods  
 
6.5 To determine conformance w ith the product specification, a calculated value should be rounded to the 
nearest 6.9 MPa tensile strength and yield point or yield strength, and to the nearest unit in the right -hand 
place of figures used in expressing the limiting value for other values . 
 
6.6 Structural sheet steels are commonly fabricated by cold bending. There are many interrelated factors that 
affect the ability of given steel to cold form over a given radius under shop conditions. These factors include 
thickness, strength level, and degree of restraint, relationship to rolling direction, chemistry, and 
microstructure. These radii should be used as minima for 90° bends. They presuppose ―hard way‖ bending 
(bend axis parallel to rolling direction) and reasonably good shop forming practic es. Where possible, the uses 
of larger radii or ―easy way‖ bends are recommended for improved performance.  
 
6.7 Fabricators should be aware that cracks may initiate upon bending a sheared or burned edge. This is not 
considered to be a fault of the steel bu t is rather a function of the induced cold -work or heat -affected zone.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
6 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 Table 3 - Mechanical Properties  for HSLA Steel Grade s 
 
Grade  Form  Yield strength (min) 
[MPa]  Ultimate tensile strength 
(min) [MPa]  
942X  Plates, shapes & bars up to 
101.6 mm . 290 414 
945A, C  Sheet & strip  310 414 
Plates, shapes & bars:    
0 – 12.7 mm . 310 448 
12.7 – 38.1 mm . 290 427 
38.1 – 76.2 mm . 276 427 
945X  Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 38.1 mm . 310 414 
950A,  B, C, D Sheet & strip  345 483 
Plates, shapes & bars:    
0 – 12.7 mm.  345 483 
12.7 – 38.1 mm.  310 462 
38.1 – 76.2 mm.  290 434 
950X  Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 38.1 mm . 345 448 
955X  Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 38.1 mm . 379 483 
960X  Sheet, strip, plates, sh apes & 
bars up to 38.1 mm . 414 517 
965X  Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 19.05 mm . 448 552 
970X  Sheet, strip, plates, shapes & 
bars up to 19.05 mm . 483 586 
980X  Sheet, strip & plates up to 9.525 
mm. 552 655 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  7 
 7. General Requirements for Deli very 
7.1 The products covered by this specification are produced  to inch -pound or metric decimal thickness only 
and the  appropriate thickness tolerances apply.  
 
7.2 Steel may be produced as ingot -cast or strand -cast.  When different grades of strand -cast st eel are 
sequentially cast,  identification and separation of the transition material is  required.  
 
8. Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances  
8.1 Dimensions, tolerance s, and allowances applicable to products covered by this  specification are contained 
in Tables 4-20. The appropriate tolerance tables shall be identified in each individual specification.  
 
TABLE 4 - List of Tables for Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances  
 
High -Strength Low -Alloy Steel  
Dimensions  Table No.  
 Hot-Rolled Sheet  Cold -Rolled Sheet  
 SI Units  SI Units  SI Units  SI Units  
Camber tolerances  10 A1.7 10, 19  A1.7, A1.16  
Diameter tolerances of 
sheared circles  9 A1.6 9 A1.6 
Flatness tolerances  13, 14  A1.10, A1.11  20 A1.17  
Length tolerances  8 A1.5 16, 17  A1.13, A1.14  
Out-of-square toleran ces 11 A1.8 11 A1.8 
Restricted squareness 
tolerances  12 A1.9 12 A1.9 
Thickness tolerances  5, S1.2  A1.2, S1.5  15, S1.3  A1.12, S1.6  
Width tolerances of cut edge  7 A1.4 7, 18  A1.4, A1.15  
Width tolerances of mill edge  6 A1.3 . . . . . . 
 
 
TABLE 5 Thicknes s Tolerances for Hot -Rolled Sheet (High -Strength, Low -Alloy Steel)  — 15.875  mm. 
(Cut Edge) and 25.4 mm. (Mill Edge) Minimum Edge Distance  
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
 
Specified 
Width, mm. Specified Ordered Thickness, mm.A 
0.7874  
<X≤1.2954 ,  1.2954  
<X≤1.4986 ,  1.4986  
<X≤1.778  1.778  
<X≤2.0828  2.0828  
<X≤2.4892  2.4892  
<X≤4.572 , 4.572  
<X≤5.842  
Thickness Tolerances All Over, mm., No Tolerance UnderB 
≤ 381 
 0.2032  0.2286  0.2286  0.2286  0.2286  0.254  0.254  
381 <X≤ 508 0.2032  0.228  0.254  0.254  0.254 0.3048  0.3048  
508 <X≤ 812.8  0.228  0.228  0.254  0.254  0.254  0.3048  0.3556  
812.8  <X≤ 1016  0.228  0.228  0.254  0.254  0.3048  0.3048  0.3556  
1016 <X≤1219.2  0.228  0.254  0.254  0.254  0.3048  0.381  0.381  
1219.2 <X≤1524  . . .C 0.254  0.254  0.254  0.3048  0.381  0.381  
1524<X≤1828.8  . . .C . . .C 0.3048  0.3048  0.3556  0.4064  0.4064  
1828.8 <X≤2032  . . .C . . .C . . .C 0.3048  0.3556  0.4572  0.4572  
> 2032  . . .C . . .C . . .C . . .C 0.381  0.4572  0.4572C 
A The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether th e ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum.  
B The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under.  
C Where an ellipsis ( . . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.  
 
  
8 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 TABLE 6 Width TolerancesA of Hot -Rolled Mill Edge Sheet (All  Designations)  
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
 
 High -Strength Low -Alloy  
Specified Width, mm. Tolerances Over Sp ecified Width, mm. 
No Tolerance Under  
304.8  <X≤ 355.6  11.1125  
355.6  <X≤ 431.8  12.7 
431.8  <X≤ 482.6  14.2875  
482.6  <X≤ 533.4  15.875  
533.4  <X≤ 609.6  17.4625  
609.6  <X≤ 660.4   20.6375  
660.4  <X≤ 711.2  23.8125  
711.2  <X≤ 889 28.575  
889 <X≤ 1270  31.75  
1270 <X≤ 1524  38.1 
1524  <X≤ 1651  41.275  
1651  <X≤ 1778  44.45  
 1778  <X≤ 2032   47.625  
> 2032  50.8 
A The above tolerances do not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils  (10.1.1.1).  
 
TABLE 7 Width Tolerances of Hot -Rolled Cut Edge Sheet (All Widths) a nd Cold -Rolled Sheet  
(Widths Over 304.8  mm. Only)—(All Designations)A 
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
 
Specified Width, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Width, mm. 
No Tolerance Under  
≤ 762 inclA 3.175  
762 <X≤ 1219.2  4.7625  
1219.2  <X≤ 1524  6.35 
1524  <X≤ 2032   7.9375  
> 2032  9.525  
A Cold Rolled widths 304.8  mm. and less refer to Table 18.  
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  9 
 TABLE 8 Length Tolerances of Hot -Rolled Sheet (All Designations)  
(Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
 
Specified Length, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Lengt h, mm. 
No Tolerance Under  
≤ 381  3.175  
381 <X≤ 762 6.35 
762 <X≤ 1524  12.7 
1524  <X≤ 3048  19.05  
3048  <X≤ 3962.4  25.4 
3962.4  <X≤ 4876.8  31.75  
 4876.8  <X≤ 6096   38.1 
> 6096  44.45  
 
 
TABLE 9 Diameter Tolerances of Circles Sheared from Hot -Rolled (Includ ing Pickled) and Cold -Rolled 
Sheet (Over 304.8  mm. Width) (All Designations)  
 
Specified Thickness, A mm. Tolerances Over Specified Diameter, mm. (No Tolerances Under)  
 ≤ 762 762 <X≤ 1219.2   > 1219.2  
1.1176  <X≤ 1.4478   1.5875  3.175  4.7625  
1.4478  <X≤ 2.4892 2.38125  3.96875  5.55625  
> 2.4892  3.175  4.7625  6.35 
A 1.8034  mm. minimum thickness for hot -rolled high -strength low -alloy steel sheet.  
 
8.2 The appropriate thickness to lerance tables for measurements taken 10 mm from the edge are found in 
Section  S1 of the Supplementary Requirements in this specification.  See the appropriate product sp ecification 
for instructions on how to specify.  
 
8.3 When thickness is measu red using hand held micrometers  make sure all standard procedures for taking 
measurement are a dhered to including instrument checking for zero error and other defaults, holding position 
etc. Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having 
minimum diameters of 480 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be  flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or 
rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for 
thickness measurements.  
 
8.4 F latness Tolerances  
8.4.1 Standard flatness tolera nces are contained in Tables 13 and 14 for hot -rolled sheet and Table 20  for 
cold-rolled sheet.  
8.4.2 Measurement techniqu es for flatness characteristics are described in Annex B. 
8.4.3 Two alternative methods  for flatness determination are the use of I -units and percent steepn ess. A 
description of these  two alternative methods is contained in Annex B. 
8.4.3.1 The use of I -units or percent steepness as a flatness standard is subject to negotiation between the 
purchaser and the producer.  
8.4.3.2 Measurement techniques for I -units , percent steepness, and rejection li mits are subject to negotiation 
between the purchaser and the producer.  
  
10 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 9 Finish and Condition  
9.1 Hot -rolled sheet has a surface with an oxide or scale  resulting from the hot -rolling op eration. The oxide or 
scale can be removed by pickling or b last cleaning when required for press -work operations or wel ding. Hot -
rolled and hot -rolled descaled sheet is not general ly used for exposed parts where surface is of prime 
importance.  
9.1.1 Hot -rolled sheet can be supplied with mill edges or cut edges as specified. Mill edges are the natural 
edges resulting from the hot -rolling operation. They do not conform to any  particular contour. They may also 
contain some edge  imperfections, the more common types of which are cracked  edges,  thin edges (feather), 
and damaged edges due to handling  or processing and which should not extend in beyond the  ordered width. 
These edge conditions are detrimental where  joining of the mill edges by welding is practiced. When the  
purchaser intends to she ar or to blank, a sufficient width  allowance should be made when purchasing to 
ensure obtaining  the desired contour and size of the pattern sheet.  The manufacturer may be consulted for 
guidance. Cut edges are the  normal edges which result from the shearing , slitting, or  trimming of mill -edge 
sheet.  
9.1.1.1 The ends of plain hot -rolled mill -edge coils are  irregular in shape and are referred to as uncropped 
ends. Where  such ends are not acceptable, the purchaser’s order should so  specify. Processed coils such  as 
pickled or blast cleaned are  supplied with square -cut ends . 
 
9.2 Cold -rolled carbon sheet (exposed) is intended for those applications where surface appearance is of 
primary importance. This class will meet requ irements for controlled surface texture, surface quality, and 
flatness. It is normally processed by the manufacturer to be free of stretcher strain and fluting.  
Subsequent user roller leveling immediately before f abrication will minimize strain resulting from aging.  
9.2.1 Cold -rolled carbon sheet , when ordered for exposed applications, can be supplied in the following 
finishes:  
9.2.1.1 Matte finish is a dull f inish, without luster, produced by rolling on rolls that have been roughened by 
mechanical or chemical means to various degre es of surface t exture depending upon application. With some 
surface preparation matte  finish is suitable for decorative painting. It is not generally  recommended for bright 
plating.  
 
9.2.1.2 Commercial bright finis h is a relatively bright finish having a surface texture interme diate between that 
of matte and luster finish. With some surfac e preparation commercial bright finish is suitable for decorat ive 
painting or certain plating applications. If sheet is defo rmed in fabrication the surface may roughen to some 
degree and  areas so affected will require surface preparation to restore  surface texture to that of the 
undeformed areas.  
 
9.2.1.3 Luster finish is a s mooth bright finish produced by rolling on ground rolls and is suit able for decorative 
painting or plating with add itional special s urface preparation by the user. The luster may not be retained af ter 
fabrication; therefore, the formed parts will require s urface preparation to make them suitable for bright plating.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  11 
 TABLE 10 - Camber TolerancesA for Hot-Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold -Rolled Sheet  
(All Designations)  (Cut Lengths)  
 
NOTE 1 —Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on the 
concave side with a straightedge.  
 
Cut Length, mm Camber  Tolerances, mm. 
≤ 1219.2   3.175  
1219.2  <X≤ 1828.8  4.7625  
1828.8  <X≤ 2438.4  6.35 
2438.4  <X≤ 3048  7.9375  
 3048  <X≤ 3657.6  9.525  
3657.6  <X≤ 4267.2  12.7 
 4267.2  <X≤ 4876.8  0.625  
 4876.8  <X≤ 5486.4  19.05  
 5486.4  <X≤ 6096  0.875  
6096  <X≤ 9144  31.75  
9144 <X≤ 12192   38.1 
A The camber tolerance for coils is 25.4 mm. in any 6096  mm. 
 
TABLE 11 Out -of-Square Tolerances of Hot -Rolled Cut -Edge (Including Pickled) and Cold -Rolled Sheet  
(All Designations) (Cut Lengths)  
 
Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching 
one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the cut length. The out -
of-square deviation is one half of that difference. The tolerance for all  thicknesses and all sizes is 1.5875 mm./ 
152.4  mm. of width or fraction thereof.  
 
 
TABLE 12 Restricted Squareness Tolerances of Hot -Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold -Rolled Sheet 
(All Designations) (Cut Lengths)  
 
When cut lengths are specified restricte d squareness, the width and the length are not less than the 
dimensions specified. The individual tolerance for over -width, over -length, camber, or out -of-square should not 
exceed 1.5875  mm. up to and including 1219.2  mm. in width and up to and including 3048 mm. in length. For 
cut lengths wider or longer, the applicable tolerance is 3.175  mm. 
 
9.4 Cold -rolled high -stren gth low -alloy sheet is supplied with a matte finish, unless otherwise specified.  
 
9.5 The cold -rolled product s covered by this specificati on are furnished with cut ed ges and square cut ends, 
unless otherwise specified.  
9.5.1 The term cut edge re fers to the edge resulting from trimming the hot -rolled mill edge that is formed 
during the  hot-rolling process. At the producer’s option, the edge s hall be  trimmed at any process step after 
the hot -rolling process step to  the final process step.  
9.5.1.1 The term slit l ast edge is a cut edge that was edge -trimmed at the final process step.  
(1) If the purchaser require s the edge to be trimmed at the final process step, the term slit last edge shall be 
shown on the purchase order.   
12 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 (2) If the producer decides to trim the edge at the final process step, without being requ ired by the purchaser, 
the term slit last edge is not required, since  this condition fa lls under the term cut edge as described in 9.5.1.  
 
TABLE 13 Flatness TolerancesA of Temper Rolled or Pickled Hot -Rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB 
(All Designations)  
 
Specified Minimum  
Thickness, mm.  Specified 
Width, mm.  Flatness Tolerances, C mm.  
Specified Yi eld Strength, min, MPa 
< 310  310 <X≤ 380D 380 <X≤ 550D 550 <X≤ 690D 
0.6858 <X≤ 1.4478  ≤ 914.4  12.7 19.0 25.4 31.75  
914.4 <X≤  1524  19.0 28.575  38.1 44.45  
> 1524  25.4 . . . 44.45  50.8 
1.4478 <X < 4.572  ≤ 1524  12.7 19.0 25.4 31.75  
1524 <X≤ 1828.8  19.0 28.575  38.1 44.45  
> 1828.8  25.4 38.1 44.45  50.8 
4.572 <X < 5.842  ≤ 1524  12.7 19.0 25.4 31.75  
1524 <X≤ 1828.8  19.0 28.575  38.1 44.45  
> 1828.8  25.4 38.1 44.45  50.8 
A The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when a dequate flattening operations are performed.  
B Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flatt ened with all coil 
set removed.  
C Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface. 
D 0.071 minimum thickness of HSLA. 
E The term Levelled also includes but is not limited to Tension Levelled, Stretcher Levelled, Roller Levelled, & Z -Mill 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  13 
 TABLE 14 Flatness TolerancesA of Non -Processed Hot -rolled Sheet Cut Length sB (All Designations)  
 
Specified Minimum  
Thickness, mm. Specified Width, 
mm. Flatness Tolerances, C mm. 
Specified Yield Strength, min, MPa 
< 310  310 <X≤ 380D 380 <X≤550D 550 <X≤ 690D 
0.6858 < X ≤  1.4478  304.8  <X≤ 914.4   38.1 57.15  63.5 69.85  
914.4 <X≤ 1524   57.15  85.725  88.9 95.25  
> 1524  76.2 . . . 120.65  127 
1.4478  < X < 4.572  304.8  <X≤ 1524   38.1 57.15  63.5 69.85  
1524  <X≤ 1828.8   57.15  85.725  88.9 95.25  
> 1828.8  76.2 114.3  120.65  127 
4.572  < X < 5.842  304.8  <X≤ 1524  38.1 57.15  63.5 69.85  
1524  <X≤ 1828.8   57.15  85.725  88.9 95.25  
> 1828.8  76.2 114.3  120.65  127 
A The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed.  
B Application of this table to product in coil form is  not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil 
set removed.  
C Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface.  
D 0.071 minimum thickness of HSLA. 
 
9.6 Oiling  
9.6.1 Plain hot -rolled sheet is customarily furnish ed not oiled. Oiling must be specified, when required.  
9.6.2 Hot -rolled pickled o r descaled sheet is customarily furnished oiled. If the product is  not to be oiled, it 
must be so specified since the cleaned surface is prone to rusting.  
9.6.3 Cold -rolled pr oducts co vered by this specification can be furnished oiled or not oiled as specified.  
 
9.7 Sheet steel in coils or cut lengths may contain surface imperfections that can be remo ved with a 
reasonable amount of metal finishing by the purchaser.  
 
10. Workman ship 
10.1 Cut lengths shall ha ve a workmanlike appearance and shall not have imperfection s of a nature or degree 
for the product, the grade, class, and t he quality ordered that will be detrimental to the fabrication of the 
finished part.  
10.2 Coils may con tain s ome abnormal imperfections that render a portion of the coil u nusable since the 
inspection of coils does not afford the p roducer the same opportunity to remove portions containing 
imperfections, as in the case with cut lengths.  
 
10.3 Surface Conditio ns: 
10.3.1 Exposed cold -rolled sheet is intended for applications  where surface appearance is of primary 
importance, that  is, exposed applications. Unexposed or annealed cold -rolled  sheet is intended for 
applications where surface appearance is  not of prim ary importance, that is, unexposed applications.  
10.3.2 Cut lengths for exposed applications shall not include  individual sheets having major surface 
imperfections  (holes, loose slivers, and pipe) and repetitive minor surface  imperfections. Cut lengths may  
contain random minor surface  imperfections that can be removed with a reasonable amount of  
metal finishing by the purchaser. These imperfections shall be  acceptable to the purchaser within the 
manufacturer’s published  standards.  
10.3.3 For coils for expos ed applications, it is not possible  to remove the surface imperfections listed in 10.3.2. 
Coils will  contain such imperfections which shall be acceptable to the  purchaser within the manufacturer’s  
14 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 published standards. Coils  contain more surface imperfectio ns than cut lengths because  the producer does 
not have the same opportunity to sort  portions containing such imperfections, as is possible with cut  lengths.  
10.3.4 Cut lengths for unexposed applications shall not  include individual sheets having major surf ace 
imperfections  such as holes, loose slivers, and pipe. In addition, unexposed  cut lengths can be expected to 
contain more minor imperfections  such as pits, scratches, sticker breaks, edge breaks,  pinchers, cross 
breaks, roll marks, and other surface imp erfections  than exposed. These imperfections shall be acceptable to  
the purchaser without limitation.  
10.3.5 For coils for unexposed applications, it is not possible  to remove the surface imperfections listed in 
10.3.4. Coils  will contain surface imperfect ions that are normally not repairable.  Minor imperfections shall be 
acceptable to the purchaser  within the manufacturer’s published standards. Unexposed  coils contain more 
surface imperfections than exposed coils.  
 
TABLE 15 Thickness Tolerances for Cold -Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A —25.4-mm. Minimum Edge 
Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths)  
NOTE 1 —Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 25.4 mm. from a side edge.  
 
NOTE 2 —Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constr ucted with anvils and spindles 
having  minimum diameters of mm. 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be 
flat or rounded with a minimum radius of c urvature of mm. 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not sui 
for thickness measurements.  
 
NOTE 3 —The thickness of material < 50.8 mm. wide shall be measured at mid -width.  
 
Specified 
Width, mm. Specified Ordered Thickness, mm.B 
<  0.3556  
 0.3556  <X≤ 
0.4826  0.4826A 
<X≤ 0.9906  0.9906  < X≤ 
1.4478  1.4478  <X≤ 
1.8034  1.8034  <X≤ 
2.4892  2.4892  <X≤ 
3.6068  
Thickness Tolerances, Over, mm., No Tolerance UnderC 
≤ 381 0.0254  0.0508  0.0762  0.1016  0.127  0.127  0.127  
381<X≤1828.8  0.0254  0.0508  0.0762  0.1016  0.127 0.127  0.1524  
> 1828.8  . . .D . . .D 0.0762  0.1016  0.127  0.1524  0.1778  
A Minimum Thickness, 0.5334  mm. for high -strength, low -alloy.  
B The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum.  
C The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under.  
D Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements h ave not been defined.  
 
TABLE 16 Length Tolerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet (All Designations)  
(Cut Lengths Over 304.8  mm. in Width)  
 
Specified Length, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Length, mm. 
No Tolerances Under  
304.8  <X≤ 762 3.175  
762 <X≤ 1524  6.35 
1524  <X≤ 2438.4  12.7 
2438.4  <X≤ 3048  19.0 
3048  <X≤ 3962.4  25.4 
3962.4  <X≤ 4876.8  31.75  
4876.8  <X≤ 6096  38.1 
> 6096  44.45  
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  15 
 TABLE 17 Length Tolerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet (All Designations)  
(Cut Length Sheets, to 304.8  mm. in Width)  
 
NOTE 1 —This table app lies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.  
 
Specified Length, mm. Tolerances Over Specified Length, mm. 
No Tolerance Under  
609.6  <X≤ 1524  12.7 
1524  <X≤ 3048  19.0 
3048  <X≤ 6096  25.4 
 
TABLE 18 Width Tolerances for Cold -Rolled Sheet (All Design ations)A 
(Coils and Cut Lengths to 304.8  mm. Width)  
 
Specified Width, mm. Width Tolerance, Plus and Minus, mm. 
≤ 152.4  0.3048  
152.4  <X≤ 228.6  0.4064  
228.6  <X≤ 304.8  0.8128  
A 0.508  mm. minimum thickness for high -strength low -alloy.  
 
 
TABLE 19 Camber To lerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet in Coils (All Designations)A 
(Coils to 304.8  mm. in Width)  
 
NOTE 1 —Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on the 
concave side with a straightedge.  
NOTE 2 —This table ap plies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.  
 
Width, mm.  Camber Tolerance  
≤ 304.8  6.35 mm. in any 2438.4  mm 
A 0.508  mm. minimum thickness for high -strength low -alloy.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
16 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 TABLE 20 Flatness Tolerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet Cut Length (All Designations)  
 
NOTE 1 —This table does not apply when product is ordered f ull hard, to a hardness range, or ―annealed last‖ (dead soft).  
NOTE 2 —This table also applies to lengths cut from coils, when adequate flattening measures are performed to remove 
all undesirable flatness conditions, including, but not limited to, coil set.  
 
Specified Thickness, 
mm. Specified Width, mm. Flatness Tolerance,A mm. 
Specified Yield Point, min, MPa 
< 310  310 <X≤ 380D 
≤ 1.1176  ≤  914.4   9.525  19.0 
914.4  <X≤ 1524   15.875  28.575  
> 1524   22.225  38.1 
> 1.1176  ≤  914.4   6.35 19.0 
914.4  <X≤ 1524   9.525  19.0 
1524  <X≤ 1828.8   15.875  28.575  
> 1828.8   22.225  38.1 
A Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat su rface.  
B Tolerances for high -strength, low -alloy steel with specified minimum yield point in excess of 380 MPa are 
subject to negotiation.  
 
11. Retests and Disposition of Non -Conforming Material  
11.1 Retests  
11.1.1 Unless otherwise prohibited by the produ ct specification, retests are permitted under the following 
circumstances:  
11.1.1.1 If any tension test specimen shows defective machining  or develops flaws, it must be discarded and 
another  specimen substituted.  
 
11.1.1.2 If the percent elongation of any tension test specimen  is less than that specified and any part of the 
fracture is  more than 20 mm  from the center of the gauge length  of a 50 mm  specimen, or is outside the 
middle half of  the gauge length of a  200 mm  specimen, as indicated  by scribe scratc hes marked on the 
specimen before testing, a  retest is allowed.  
 
11.1.1.3 If the test result of any tension test specimen fails to meet the specification requ irements and the 
failure is the result of improper adherence to tension test proced ures, a retest is permitted.  
 
11.1.1.4 If the test result of an  original tension test specimen fails to meet the specification requirements and 
the failure is  not related to the conditions described in 11.1.1.1 – 11.1.1.3,  but the results are within 14  MPa of 
the require d yield strength, within  14 MPa of  the required tensile strength, or within 2 percentage points of the 
required elongation, one retest shall be permitted to replace the failing test.  
 
11.1.2 The retest specimen shall be taken e ither adjacent to the first failed specimen  or selected at random 
from the material to be certified to the specification.  
 
11.1.3 If the results of a retes t satisfy the specified tension test requirements and all other  requirements of the 
applicable specification are satisfied, the m aterial shall be accepted.  
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  17 
 11.2 Disposi tion of Non -Conforming Material  
11.2.1 In those cases where the lo t is found to be nonconforming, and resampling of  non-conforming material 
is not prohibited by the specification, resamplin g is permitted under the fo llowing circumstances and using the 
following practices:  
11.2.1.1 If the results of an original tension test or retest specimen fail to satisfy the spec ification 
requirements, and the failed test results are not related to the co nditions described in 11.1,  the lot shall be 
quarantined and resampled for certification of the non -conforming material to the specification requirements.  
 
11.2.1.2 Resampling for cert ification of the non -conforming material shall include the dis carding of out -of-
specification mater ial and the resampling of t he lot. The resampling shall be appropriate to the specific out -of-
specification condition and the processing history of the lot.  
 
11.2.1.3 A maximum of two resampl ing efforts shall be permitted. If after conduct ing two resamplin g efforts, 
the material does not satisfy the spec ification requirements, the lot shall be rejected.  
 
12. Inspection  
12.1 When purchaser’s order  stipulates that inspection and tests (except product analyses)  for acceptance on 
the steel be made prior to ship ment from the mill, the manufacturer shall  afford the purchaser’s inspector all 
reasonable facilities to  satisfy him that the steel is being produced and furnished in  accordance with the 
specification. Mill inspection by the  purchaser shall not interfere u nnecessarily with the manufacturer’s  
operation.  
 
13. Rejection and Rehearing  
13.1 Unless otherwise sp ecified, any rejection shall be reported to the manufacturer  within a reasonable time 
after receipt of material by the purchaser.  
13.2 Material that is rep orted to be defective subsequent to the acceptance at the purcha ser’s works shall be 
set aside, adequately protected, and correct ly identified. The manufacturer shall be notified as soon as 
possible so that an investigation may be initiated.  
 
13.3 Samples that are represen tative of the rejected material shall be made available to the manufacturer. In 
the event that the manufacturer is dissatis fied with the rejection, he may request a rehearing.  
 
14. Test Reports and Certification  
14.1 When test reports are required by the purchase order or the material specification, the suppl ier shall 
report the results of all test required by the material specification and the order.  
 
14.2 The manufacturer or proc essor shall issue a test report or optional certificate of c ompli ance, or both, 
when required by the purchase order or the specification.  
 
14.3 The test report shall  show the heat analysis and the results of all tests required by th e purchase order 
and seller and by the specification.  
 
14.4 The certificate of compl iance shall include a statement that the product was manufa ctured and tested in 
accordance with the requirements of the specification and that the test results conform to the requirements of 
the specification.  
 
NOTE 4 —The heat analysis, results of all test s, and the certificate of  compliance may be reported separately on in a 
combined report.  
 
14.5 Steel processors shall pas s transfer data supplied by the steel manufacturer provided the processing has 
not altered the  attributes represented. In cases where t he steel is retested the  processor is responsible for the  
accuracy of the data and shall maintain traceability back to  its source. Retesting for heat analysis shall be  
18 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 done in accordance with the  any Standard  Test Methods. The report shall clearly identify  the physical  product 
it represents.  
 
14.6 Test reports and certifica tes of compliance shall provide information necessary to id entify the product 
represented; for example the manufacturer’s name or brand, the processor’s  name or brand or the seller’s 
name  or brand, EAS specification  number and year date, product designation, type or  class, as applicable, 
and all other information necessary to  completely identify the material.  
 
14.7 A signature is not required on test reports or certifications. However, the  document shall cl early identify 
the organization submitting the docume nt. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organization 
submitting the do cument is responsible for the content of the document.  
 
14.8 When required, copies of the o riginal mate rial manufacturer’s test report shall be in cluded with any 
subsequent test report.  
 
14.9 A Material Test Report , Certificate of Inspection, or similar document printed from or used in electronic 
form from an electronic data intercha nge (EDI) transmission s hall be regarded as having the same valid ity as 
a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility. The  content of the EDI transmitted document must meet the 
requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s) and conform to any  existing EDI agreement between the 
purchaser and th e supplier. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI 
transmission is responsible for the content of the report.  
14.9.1 The content of the EDI document shall meet all the requirements of 14.3 through 14 .6. 
 
NOTE 5 —The industry definition as invoked here is: EDI is the computer to computer exchange of business information in 
an agreed upon standard format . 
 
15. Product Marking  
15.1 As a minimum req uirement, the material shall be identified by having the m anufacturer’s name,  
designation, weight, purchaser’s order number, and material  identification legibly stenciled on top of each lift 
or shown on  a tag attached to each coil or shipping unit.  
 
15.2 Bar coding is acceptable as  a supplementary identification method.  
 
16. Packing and Package Marking  
16.1 Unless otherwise specifi ed, the sheet shall be packaged and loaded in accordance with  any Standard 
Practices.  
 
16.2 When coils are ordere d, it is customary to specify a minimum or range of i nside diameter, maxi mum 
outside diameter, and a maximum coil w eight, if required. The ability of manufacturers to meet t he maximum 
coil weights depends upon individual mill equipme nt. When required, minimum coil weights are subject to 
negotiation.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  19 
 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS  
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when sp ecified by the purchaser in the purchase 
order or contract.  
 
S1. Thickness Tolerances  
S1.1 See Tables S1. 2-S1.6.  
 
TABLE S1.2 Thickness Tolerances for Hot -Rolled Sheet (High -Stren gth, Low -Alloy Steel) — 9.525 -mm. 
(Cut Edge) and 19.0-mm. (Mill Edge)  Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including 
Pickled)  
 
NOTE 1 —Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 9.525  mm. from a cut edge and not less than 
19.0 mm. from a mill edge. This table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.  
 
NOTE 2 —Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of mm. 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle s hall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a 
minimum radius of curvature of mm. 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.  
 
NOTE 3 —This table was used to construct Table 5  by multiplying th e values in this table by 0.75 and rounding to 3 
decimal places using standard practice.  
 
NOTE 4 —The thickness of material < 25.4 mm. wide shall be measured at mid -width.  
 
Specified 
Width, mm. Specified Ordered Thickness, mm.A 
0.7874  
<X≤ 
1.2954 , 
incl 1.2954  
<X≤ 
1.4986 , 
incl Over 
1.4986  
<X≤ 1.778 , 
incl Over 
1.778  <X≤ 
2.0828 , 
incl Over 
2.0828  
<X≤ 
2.4892 , 
incl Over 
2.4892  
<X≤ 
4.572 , 
excl 4.572  
<X≤ 
5.842 , 
excl 
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm., No Tolerance UnderB 
≤ 381 0.254  0.254  0.3048  0.3048  0.3556  0.3556  0.3556  
381<X≤ 508  0.254  0.254  0.3048  0.3556  0.3556  0.4064  0.4064  
508<X≤812.8  0.3048  0.3048  0.3556  0.3556  0.3556  0.4064  0.4572  
812.8 <X≤1016   0.3048  0.3048  0.3556  0.3556  0.4064  0.4064  0.4572  
1016 <X≤1219.2  0.3048  0.3556  0.3556  0.3556  0.4064  0.508  0.508  
1219.2 <X≤1524  . . .C 0.3556  0.3556  0.3556  0.4064  0.508  0.508  
1524 <X≤1828.8  . . .C . . .C 0.4064  0.4064  0.4572  0.5588  0.5588  
1828.8 <X≤2032  . . .C . . .C . . .C 0.4064  0.4572  0.6096  0.6096  
> 2032  . . .C . . .C . . .C . . .C 0.508  0.6096 0.6096C 
A The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a 
nominal or minimum.  
B The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). 
For nomin al thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under.  
C Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
20 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 TABLE S1.3 Thickness Tolerances for Cold -Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A —9.525 -mm. Minimum 
Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths)  
NOTE 1 —Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 9.525  mm. from a side edge.  
 
NOTE 2 —Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minim um 
diameters of   4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimu m 
radius of curvature of   2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.  
 
NOTE 3 —This tabl e was used to construct Table 15 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.50 and rounding to 3 
decimal places using standard practice.  
 
NOTE 4 —The thickness of material < 25.4 mm. wide shall be measured at mid -width.  
 
Specified 
Width, 
mm. Specified Orde red Thickness, mm.B 
< 0.3556 , 
 0.3556  <X≤ 
0.4826  0.4826A 
<X≤ 0.9906  0.9906  <X≤ 
1.4478  1.4478  <X≤ 
1.8034 , 
 1.8034  <X≤ 
2.4892  
 2.4892  <X≤ 
3.6068  
Thickness Tolerances, Over, mm., No Tolerance UnderC 
≤ 381 0.0508  0.1016  0.1524  0.2032  0.254  0.254  0.254  
381 <X≤ 
1828.8  0.0508  0.1016  0.1524  0.2032  0.254  0.254  0.3048  
> 1828.8  . . .D . . .D 0.1524  0.2032  0.254  0.3048  0.3556  
A Minimum Thickness, 0.5334  mm. for high -strength, low -alloy.  
B The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a 
nominal o r minimum.  
C The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). 
For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under.  
D Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirement s have not been defined.  
 
TABLE S1.5 Thickness Tolerances [Metric] for Hot -Rolled Sheet (High -Strength, Low -Alloy Steel) —10-
mm (Cut Edge) and 20 -mm (Mill  Edge) Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including 
Pickled)  
 
NOTE 1 —Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 10 mm from a cut edge and not less than 20 
mm from a mill edge. This table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.  
 
NOTE 2 —Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum 
radius of curvature of 2.55 mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness mea surements.  
 
NOTE 3—The thickness of material <25 mm wide shall be measured at mid -width.  
 
Specified Width, mm  Specified Ordered Thickness, mmA 
Through 2.0  
 2.0 <X≤ 2.5 
 2.5 <X≤ 4.5 
 4.5 <X≤ 6.0 
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm, No Tolerance UnderB 
≤ 600 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.40 
600 <X≤ 1200  0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 
1200 <X≤ 1500  0.35 0.40 0.50 0.50 
1500 <X≤ 1800  0.40 0.45 0.55 0.56 
1800 <X≤ 2000  0.40 0.45 0.60 0.60 
> 2000 . . .C 0.50 0.60 0.60C 
A The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a 
nominal or minimum.  
B The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, not tolerance under). 
For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under.  
C Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.  
 
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  21 
 TABLE S1.6 Thickness Tolerances [Metric] for Cold -Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A —10-mm 
Minimum Edge Distance  
 
NOTE 1 —Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 10 mm from a side edge.  
 
NOTE 2 —Widths up to and including 300 mm in this table apply to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.  
 
NOTE 3 —Micromete rs used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of  mm. 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a 
minimum radius of curvature of  2.55  mm. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.  
 
NOTE 4 —This table was used to construct Table A1.12 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.50 and rounding to 2 
decimal places using standard practice.  
 
NOTE 5 —The thick ness of material <25 -mm wide shall be measured at mid -width.  
 
Specified Width, mm  Specified Ordered Thickness, mmB 
Over  Through  Through 0.4  0.4 <X≤ 1.0 1.0 <X≤ 1.2 1.2 <X≤ 2.5 2.5 <X≤ 4.0 
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm, No Tolerance UnderC 
... 1800  0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 
1800  2000  . . .D  0.15 0.20 0.30 0.35 
2000  . . .D  . . .D  0.30  0.30  0.35  0.40 
A 0.55-mm minimum thickness for high -strength low -alloy.  
B The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum.  
C The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For  nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under.  
D Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
22 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 ANNEX  A 
(Normative ) 
A1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS AND MASS IN SI UNITS  
A1.2 Listed in A1.17 are permi ssible variations in dimensions and mass expressed in th e International System 
of Units (SI) terminology.  
 
TABLE A1.2 Thickness Tolerances of Hot -Rolled Sheet (High -Strength, Low -Alloy Steel) —15-mm (Cut 
Edge) and 25 -mm (Mill Edge)  Minimum Edge Distance  
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
 
NOTE 1 —Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 15 mm from a cut edge and not less than 25 
mm from a mill edge. This table does not apply to th e uncropped ends of mill edge coils.  
 
NOTE 2 —Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum 
diameters of 0.188 mm. [4.80 mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall b e flat or rounded with a 
minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 mm. [2.55 mm]. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness 
measurements.  
 
NOTE 3 —This table was constructed by multiplying the values in the standard table by 0.75 and rounding t o 2 decimal 
places using standard practice.  
 
NOTE 4 —The thickness of material <50 mm wide shall be measured at mid -width.  
 
 
Specified Width, mm  Specified Ordered Thickness, mmA 
Through 2.0 
 2.0 <X≤  2.5 
 2.5 <X<  4.5 
 4.5 <X<  6.0 
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm, No Tolerance UnderB 
≤ 600 0.22 0.26 0.30 0.30 
600 <X≤  1200  0.26 0.30 0.34 0.38 
1200 <X≤ 1500  0.26 0.30 0.38 0.38 
1500 <X≤ 1800  0.30 0.34 0.41 0.42 
1800 <X≤ 2000  0.30 0.34 0.45 0.45 
> 2000  . . .C 0.38 0.45 0.45C 
A The specified thickness r ange captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum.  
B The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, not tolerance under). For nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided  equally over and under.  
C Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.  
 
TABLE A1.3 Width TolerancesA of Hot -Rolled Mill Edge Sheet (All Designations)  
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
 
Specified Width, mm Width Tolerance, Over Only, mm  
Over  Through  Carbon  HSLA  
300 600 16 16 
600 1200  26 28 
1200  1500  32 38 
1500  1800  35 45 
1800  . . . 48 50 
A The above tolerances do not apply to the un cropped ends of mill edge coils (9.1.1.1).  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  23 
 TABLE A1.4 Widt h Tolerances of Hot -Rolled Cut Edge Sheet (All Widths) and Cold -Rolled Sheet 
(Widths Over 300 mm) —(All Designations)A  
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
 
Specified Width, mm  Width Tolerance, Over Only,  mm 
Over  Through  
. . . 600A 3 
600 1200  5 
1200  1500  6 
1500  1800  8 
1800  . . . 10 
A Cold r olled widths 300 mm and less, refer to Table A1.15.  
 
TABLE A1.5 Length Tole rances of Hot -Rolled Sheet (All Designations)  
(Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)  
Specified Length, mm  Length Tolerance, Over  Only, mm  
Over  Through  
300 600 6 
600 900 8 
900 1500  12 
1500  3000  20 
3000  4000  25 
4000  5000  35 
5000  6000  40 
6000  . . . 45 
 
 
 
 
  
24 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 TABLE A1.6 Diameter Tolerances of Circles from Hot -Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold -Rolled Sheet 
(Over 300 mm Width) (All Des ignations)  
Specified ThicknessA , mm  Tolerances Over Specified Diameter, mm (No  Tolerances Under)  
Over  Through  Diameters, mm  
≤ 600 600 <X≤ 1200  > 1200  
. . . 1.5 1.5 3.0 5.0 
1.5 2.5 2.5 4.0 5.5 
2.5 . . . 3.0 5.0 6.5 
A 1.8 mm minimum thickness for h ot-rolled high -strength low -alloy steel sheet.  
 
TABLE A1.7 Camber Tolera ncesA for Hot -Rolled (Including Pickled) and Cold -Rolled Sheet (All 
Designations) (Cut Lengths)  
NOTE 1 —Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measur ement being taken on the 
concave side with a straightedge.  
 
Cut Length, mm  Camber TolerancesA , mm  
Over  Through  
. . . 1200  4 
1200  1800  5 
1800  2400  6 
2400  3000  8 
3000  3700  10 
3700  4300  13 
4300  4900  16 
4900  5500  19 
5500  6000  22 
6000  9000  32 
9000  12 200  38 
A The camber tolerance for coils is 25.0 mm in any 6000 mm.  
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  25 
 TABLE A1.8 Out -of-Square Tolerances of Hot -Rolled Cut -Edge  (Including Pickled) and Cold -Rolled 
Sheet (All Designations)  (Cut Lengths)  
Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an en d edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching 
one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the cut length. The out -
of-square deviation is one half of that difference. The tolerance for all thickne sses and all sizes is 1.0 mm/100 
mm of width or fraction thereof.  
 
TABLE A1.9 Restricted Squareness Tolerances of Hot -Rolled  (Including Pickled) and Cold -Rolled 
Sheet (All Designations)  (Cut Lengths)  
When cut lengths are specified restricted squareness, t he width and the length are not less than the 
dimensions specified. The individual tolerance for overwidth, over -length, camber, or out -of-square should not 
exceed 1.6 mm up to and including 1200 mm in width and up to and including 3000 mm in length. For c ut 
lengths wider or longer, the applicable tolerance is 3.2 mm.  
 
TABLE A1.10 Flatness TolerancesA of Temper Rolled or Pickled Hot -Rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB (All 
Designations)  
Specified Thickness, 
mm Specified 
Width, mm  Flatness ToleranceC , mm  
Specified Yield Strength, min, MPaD 
Over  Through  ≤ 310 310 <X≤ 380  380 <X≤ 550 550 <X≤ 690 
1.2 1.5 ≤ 900 15 20 25 30 
900 <X≤ 1500  20 30 40  45 
over 1500  25 . . . 45  50 
1.5 4.5 ≤ 1500  15 20 25 30 
1500 <X≤ 1800  20 30 40  45 
> 1800  25 40 45  50 
4.5 6.0 excl  ≤ 1500  15 20 25 30 
1500 <X≤ 1800 20 30 40  45 
> 1800  25 40 45  50 
A The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed.  
B Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has b een rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil 
set removed.  
C Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface.  
D The term Levelled also includes but is not limited to Tension Levelled, Stretcher Levelled, Roller Levelled, & Z -Mill. 
  
26 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 TABLE A1.11 Fl atness TolerancesA of Non -Processed Hot -Rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB 
(All Designations)  
Specified Thickness, 
mm Specified 
Width, mm  Flatness ToleranceC , mm  
Specified Yield  Strength, min, MPaD 
Over  Through  ≤ 310 310 <X≤ 340  380 <X≤ 550 550 <X≤ 690 
1.2 1.5 ≤ 900 45 60 70  80 
900 <X≤ 1500  60 90 100  110 
> 1500  75 . . . 130  140 
1.5 4.5 ≤ 1500  45 60 70  80 
1500 <X≤ 1800  60 90 100  110 
> 1800  75 120 130  140 
4.5 6.0 exc l ≤ 1500  45 60 70  80 
1500 <X≤ 1800  60 90 100  110 
> 1800  75 120 130  140 
A The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed.  
B Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flatt ened with all coil 
set removed.  
C Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  27 
 TABLE A1.12 Thickness Tolerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A —25-mm Minimum Edge 
Distance  
NOTE 1 —Thickness is measured at any point across the width  not less than 25 mm from a side edge.  
NOTE 2 —Widths up to and including 300 mm in this table apply to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.  
NOTE 3 —Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having m inimum 
diameters of 4.80 mm. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum 
radius of curvature of 2.55 mm.  Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.  
NOTE 4 —This table  was constructed by multiplying the values in the standard table by 0.50 and rounding to 2 decimal 
places using standard practice.  
NOTE 5 —The thickness of material <50 mm wide shall be measured at mid -width.  
Specified Width, mm  Specified Ordered Thickness,  mmB 
Over  Through  Through 0.4   0.4 <X≤ 1.0   1.0 <X≤ 1.2   1.2 <X≤ 2.5   2.5 <X≤ 4.0  
Thickness Tolerances Over, mm, No Tolerance UnderC 
... 1800  0.05 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.15 
1800  2000  . . .D 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.18 
2000  . . .D . . .D 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.20 
A 0.55 mm minimum thickness for high -strength low -alloy.  
B The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or 
minimum.  
C The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). Fo r nominal 
thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over and under.  
D Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.  
 
TABLE A1.13 Length Tolerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet (All  Designations)  
(Cut Lengths Over 300 mm  in Width)  
Specified Length, mm  Tolerance Over Specified Length 
(No Tolerance  Under), mm  
Over  Through  
300 1500  6 
1500  3000  20 
3000  6000  35 
6000  . . . 45 
  
28 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 TABLE A1.14 Length Tolerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet (All  Designations)  
(Cut Length Sheets, to 30 0 mm in Width)  
NOTE 1 —This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider  sheet.  
 
Specified Length, mm  Tolerances Over Specified  Length 
(No Tolerance  Under), mm  
Over  Through  
600 1500  15 
1500  3000  20 
3000  6000  25 
 
TABLE A1.15 Width Tolerances  for Cold -Rolled Sheet (All  Designations)A 
(Coils and Cut Lengths to 300 mm in Width)  
NOTE 1 —This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.  
Specified Width, mm  Width Tolerance, Over and 
Under, mm  
Over  Through  
50  100  0.3 
100  200  0.4 
200  300  0.8 
A 0.50 mm thickness for high -strength low -alloy.  
 
TABLE A1.16 Camber Tolerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet in Coils  (All Designations)A 
(Coils to 300 mm in Width)  
NOTE 1 —Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurements being taken on the 
concave side with a straightedge.  
NOTE 2 —This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.  
Width, mm  Camber Tolerances  
Through 300, incl  5.0 mm in any 2000 mm  
A 0.50 mm minimum thickness for high -strength low -alloy.  
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  29 
 TABLE A1.17 Flatness Tolerances of Cold -Rolled Sheet Cut Length (All Designations)A 
NOTE 1 —This table does not apply when product is ordered full hard,  to a hardness range or ―annealed last‖ (dead soft).  
NOTE 2 —This table applies to len gths cut from coils, when adequate  flattening measures are performed to remove all 
undesirable flatness  conditions, including, but not limited to, coil set.  
Specified 
Thickness, mm  Specified Width, mm  Flatness Tolerance, mm Specified Yield 
Point, min, MPa  
Over  Through  Under 310 MPa  310 to 340MPaB 
≤ 1.0 . . . 900 10 20 
900 1500  15 30 
1500   20 40 
> 1.0 . . . 900 8 20 
900 1500  10 20 
1500  1800  15 30 
1800  . . . 20 40 
A Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface.  
B Tolerances for high -strength, low -alloy steel with specified minimum yie ld point in excess of 340 MPa are subject to 
negotiation.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
30 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
 ANNEX B  
 (Informative)  
B1. ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR EXPRESSING FLATNESS  
B1.1 Introduction and Definitions  
B1.1.1 In addition to the conventional expression of flatness, the ―maximum devia tion from a horizontal flat 
surface,‖ at least two other flatness parameters have been developed and are in use for characterizing sheet 
with longitudinal waves or buckles. These are steepness index and flatness index (or ―I -unit‖), that are 
illustrated us ing the example in Fig. B1.1. 
B1.1.2 Steepness Index —Fig. B1.1 (a) shows a representation of a sheet sample exhibiting edge waves of 
height, H, and  interval, L. The steepness index value for this sample is defined as:  
 
steepness index = H ⁄ L 
 
Often, the s teepness value is expressed as a percentage:  
 
           % steepness = S = (H ⁄ L) x 100  
B1.1.3 I-Units —Making a series of lengthwise cuts to the sample in Fig. B1.1 (a) relaxes elastic stresses 
present in the  sheet and results in narrow strips of differin g lengths, as shown in Fig. B1.1 (b). Using the 
length of one of these strips as a reference ( Lref), the I -unit value ( I) for an individual strip is defined as:  
 
I = (Δ L ⁄ Lref) x 105 
where:  
 
FIG. B1.1 Representation of S heet Sample With Edge Waves (a) and Strips of Differing Length That Result 
from Making Longitudinal Cuts Along Sample (b)  
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  31 
 ΔL is the difference between the length of a given strip and the reference strip.  
B1.1.4 For the special case of waves/buckles that are perfectly sinusoidal in chara cter, the following 
relationship applies:  
 
I = [(π/2) ( H/L)]  2 x105 
 
or: 
I = 24.7 S2 
 
Table B1.1 provides I -unit values based on the sinusoidal approximation for wave heights up to 12.7-mm. 
(increments of  0.79375  mm.) and intervals between 254 and 1016  mm. (increments of 1 mm.). Mathematical 
relationships between the three representations of flatness described here are given in Table B1.2; these 
relationships can be used to convert between I -unit, % steepness, and wave height values (see examples in 
Table B1.2). 
 
B1.2 Flatness Evaluation Example and Determination of I -Unit or % Steepness Value  
B1.2.1 While the strip is on an inspection table, find the locations on the strip that are not lying flat on the 
table. If no  flatness deviation can be found, that port ion of the coil (head/middle/tail) can be described as flat 
(that is, zero I -unit or  zero % steepness).  
 
B1.2.2 If the coil is not totally flat, the height of the deviation must be determine d and recorded. If the coil has 
edge  waves, a step gauge (incremen ted in intervals of 1.5875  or 0.79375  mm.) can be inserted under a wave 
to determine the height. If the coil exhibits flatness deviation in the center of the strip, a lightweight straight 
edge can be placed on the highest portion of the buckle and on the h ighest portion of the next repeating 
buckle. The height can then be determined by inserting a step gauge between the straight edge and the strip.  
 
B1.2.3 Along with the height, the wave period or wave interval must also be determined. The wave interval 
can be obtained by using a standard tape measure or straight edge to measure the distance between the 
highest point of one flatness deviation to the highest point of the next repeating flatness deviation.   
 
B1.2.4 After determining height and wave interval, e ither the I -unit or % steepness value can be obtained. To 
determine  the I-unit flatness, locate the appropriate height and wave interval in Table B1.1 and read the I -unit 
value at the  intersection of the two measurements. To determine % steepness, divide t he height by the wave 
interval and multiply the result by 100.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
32 © EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  
  
TABLE B1.1 I-Unit Conversion Chart  
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE B1.2 Flatness Conversion FactorsA 
 
NOTE 1 — ―L‖ is the wave interval as defined in Fig. B1.1 (a).  
 
 I Unit  Height  % Steepne ss 
I Unit (I)  1 2L/π   √ /10-5 
   2/π  √ /10 -1 
 
Height (H)  
(peak to  
peak)   
( Hπ/2L) 2 x 105 1 (100H ) 
L 
% Steepness (S)  2.5 (π S)2 (LS) 
100 1 
A Examples —(1) Assume % steepness is given as 1.5 and the corresponding I -unit value is desired. From Table B1.2,       
I = 2.5(πS)2 = 2.5[(3.14)(1.5)]2 = 55.5.  
(2) Assume an I -unit value of 25 is given and the corresponding % steepness is desired. From Table B1.2, S = 2/π  (I × 
10−1)1/2 = 2/3.14 (25 × 10−1 )1/2 = 1.0.  
 
  
© EAC 2020  – All rights reserved  33 
 Bibliography  
[1] KS 1513, Specification for stee l sheet and strip, heavy thickness coils, carbon, hot -rolled  
[2] ISO 14284, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical 
composition  
[3] ASTM A568/A568M − 17a  — Standard Specification for  Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High -
Strength, Low -Alloy, Hot -Rolled and Cold -Rolled, General Requirements