Tribunals, Courts and
Enforcement Act 2007
CHAPTER 15
Explanatory Notes have been produced to assist in the
understanding of this Act and are available separately
£32·00Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement 
Act 2007
CHAPTER 15
CONTENTS
PART 1
TRIBUNALS  AND  INQUIRIES
CHAPTER  1
TRIBUNAL  JUDICIARY : INDEPENDENCE  AND  SENIOR  PRESIDENT
1 Independence of tribunal judiciary
2 Senior President of Tribunals
CHAPTER  2
FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL  AND  UPPER  TRIBUNAL
Establishment
3 The First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal
Members and composition of tribunals
4 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal
5 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal6 Certain judges who are also judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal7 Chambers: jurisdiction and Presidents8 Senior President of Tribunals: power to delegate
Review of decisions and appeals
9 Review of decision of First-tier TribunalTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) ii
10 Review of decision of Upper Tribunal
11 Right to appeal to Upper Tribunal12 Proceedings on appeal to Upper Tribunal13 Right to appeal to Court of Appeal etc.14 Proceedings on appeal to Court of Appeal etc.
"Judicial review"
15 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction
16 Application for relief under section 15(1)17 Quashing orders under section 15(1): supplementary provision18 Limits of jurisdiction under section 15(1)19 Transfer of judicial review applications from High Court20 Transfer of judicial review applications from the Court of Session21 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction: Scotland
Miscellaneous
22 Tribunal Procedure Rules
23 Practice directions24 Mediation25 Supplementary powers of Upper Tribunal26 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal: sitting places27 Enforcement28 Assessors29 Costs or expenses
C
HAPTER  3
TRANSFER  OF TRIBUNAL  FUNCTIONS
30 Transfer of functions of certain tribunals
31 Transfers under section 30: supplementary powers32 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Wales33 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Scotland34 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Northern
Ireland
35 Transfer of Ministerial responsibilities for certain tribunals36 Transfer of powers to make procedural rules for certain tribunals37 Power to amend lists of tribunals in Schedule 638 Orders under sections 30 to 36: supplementary
C
HAPTER  4
ADMINISTRATIVE  MATTERS  IN RESPECT  OF CERTAIN  TRIBUNALS
39 The general duty
40 Tribunal staff and services41 Provision of accommodation42 Fees43 Report by Senior President of TribunalsTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) iii
CHAPTER  5
OVERSIGHT  OF ADMINISTRATIVE  JUSTICE  SYSTEM , TRIBUNALS  AND  INQUIRIES
44 The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
45 Abolition of the Council on Tribunals
CHAPTER  6
SUPPLEMENTARY
46 Delegation of functions by Lord Chief Justice etc.
47 Co-operation in relation to judicial training, guidance and welfare48 Consequential and other amendme nts, and transitional provisions
49 Orders and regulations under Part 1: supplemental and procedural
provisions
P
ART 2
JUDICIAL  APPOINTMENTS
50 Judicial appointments: “judicial-appointment eligibility condition”
51 “Relevant qualification” in  section 50: further provision
52 Meaning of “gain experien ce in law” in section 50
53 Transfer from salaried to fee-paid judicial office54 Continuation of judicial off ice after normal retirement date
55 Appointment of deputy Circuit judges56 Appointment of deputy district judges, etc.57 Deputy, and temporary additional, Masters etc.58 Appointment of temporary assistants to Judge Advocate General59 Members and chairmen of certain Appeals Commissions60 Appointment as Chairman of Law Commission61 Orders permitting disclosures to Judicial Appointments Commission
P
ART 3
ENFORCEMENT  BY TAKING  CONTROL  OF GOODS
CHAPTER  1
PROCEDURE
62 Enforcement by taking control of goods
63 Enforcement agents64 Certificates to act as an enforcement agent65 Common law rules replaced66 Pre-commencement enforcement not affected67 Transfer of county court enforcement68 Magistrates’ courts warrants of control69 County court warrants of control etc.70 Power of High Court to stay executionTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) iv
CHAPTER  2
RENT ARREARS  RECOVERY
Abolition of common law right
71 Abolition of common law right
Commercial rent arrears recovery
72 Commercial rent arrears recovery (CRAR)
73 Landlord74 Lease75 Commercial premises76 Rent77 The rent recoverable78 Intervention of the court79 Use of CRAR after end of lease80 Agricultural holdings
Right to rent from sub-tenant
81 Right to rent from sub-tenant
82 Off-setting payments under a notice83 Withdrawal and replacement of notices84 Recovery of sums due and overpayments
Supplementary
85 Contracts for similar rights to be void
86 Amendments87 Interpretation of Chapter
C
HAPTER  3
GENERAL
88 Abolition of Crown preference
89 Application to the Crown90 Regulations
P
ART 4
ENFORCEMENT  OF JUDGMENTS  AND  ORDERS
Attachment of earnings orders
91 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
92 Attachment of earnings orders: finding the debtor’s current employer
Charging orders
93 Payment by instalments: making and enforcing charging orders
94 Charging orders: power to set financial thresholdsTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) v
Information requests and orders
95 Application for information about action to recover judgment debt
96 Action by the court97 Departmental information requests98 Information orders99 Responding to a departmental information request
100 Information order: required information not held etc.101 Using the information about the debtor102 Offence of unauthorised use or disclosure103 Regulations104 Interpretation105 Application and transitional provision
P
ART 5
DEBT MANAGEMENT  AND  RELIEF
CHAPTER  1
ADMINISTRATION  ORDERS
106 Administration orders
CHAPTER  2
ENFORCEMENT  RESTRICTION  ORDERS
107 Enforcement restriction orders
CHAPTER  3
DEBT RELIEF  ORDERS
108 Debt relief orders and debt relief restrictions orders etc.
CHAPTER  4
DEBT MANAGEMENT  SCHEMES
Introductory
109 Debt management schemes
110 Debt repayment plans
Approval of schemes
111 Approval by supervising authority
112 Applications for approval113 Terms of approval
Effect of plans etc.
114 Discharge from specified debts
115 Presentation of bankruptcy petitionTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) vi
116 Remedies other than bankruptcy
117 Charging of interest etc.118 Stopping supplies of gas or electricity119 Existing county court proceedings to be stayed120 Registration of plans121 Other debt management arrangements in force
Appeals
122 Right of appeal
123 Dealing with appeals
Approved schemes: charging
124 Charges by operator of approved scheme
Termination of approval
125 Procedure for termination
126 Terminating an approval127 Alternatives to termination
Effects of end of approval
128 Effects of end of approval
The supervising authority
129 The supervising authority
Various
130 Regulations
131 Main definitions132 Expressions relating to debts133 Periods of protection
P
ART 6
PROTECTION  OF CULTURAL  OBJECTS  ON LOAN
134 Protected objects
135 Effect of protection136 Relevant museums and galleries137 Interpretation138 Crown application
P
ART 7
MISCELLANEOUS
Compulsory purchase
139 Enforcement by enforcement officersTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) vii
140 Supplementary
Judicial review
141 Judicial review: power to substitute decision
Employment tribunals: ACAS
142 Recovery of sums payable under compromises involving ACAS
Design rights: appeals
143 Appeals in relation to design rights
PART 8
GENERAL
144 Protected functions of the Lord Chancellor
145 Power to make supplementary or other provision146 Repeals147 Extent148 Commencement149 Short title
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals
Part 1 — Recommendations for appointmentPart 2 — Selection by the Judicial Appointments CommissionPart 3 — Terms of officePart 4 — Certain functions of the Senior President
Schedule 2 — Judges and other members of the First-tier TribunalSchedule 3 — Judges and other members of the Upper TribunalSchedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 1 — Chamber Presidents: appointment, delegation, deputies and
further provision
Part 2 — Judges and other members of chambers: assignment and
jurisdiction
Schedule 5 — Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal
Part 1 — Tribunal Procedure RulesPart 2 — Tribunal Procedure CommitteePart 3 — Making of Tribunal Pr ocedure Rules by Tribunal Procedure
Committee
Part 4 — Power to amend legislation in connection with Tribunal
Procedure Rules
Schedule 6 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36
Part 1 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30, 35 and 36Part 2 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 and 35Part 3 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 and 36Part 4 — Tribunals for the purposes of section 30Part 5 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 35 and 36Part 6 — Tribunals for the purposes of section 35Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) viii
Part 7 — Tribunals for the purposes of section 32(3)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 1 — Members and committeesPart 2 — FunctionsPart 3 — Council to be consulted on rules for listed tribunalsPart 4 — Interpretation
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendmentsSchedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 1 — General and miscellaneousPart 2 — Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals:
retirement dates
Part 3 — Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals:
pensions where office acquired under section 31(2)
Part 4 — Amendments to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — AmendmentsPart 2 — Amendments relating to enactments already repealed
Schedule 11 — District judges and deputy district judgesSchedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 1 — IntroductoryPart 2 — The procedure
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendmentsSchedule 14 — Rent arrears recovery: amendmentsSchedule 15 — Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
Part 1 — Main amendmentsPart 2 — Consequential amendments
Schedule 16 — Administration orders: consequential amendmentsSchedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986Schedule 18 — Schedule 4ZA to the Insolvency Act 1986Schedule 19 — Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986Schedule 20 — Debt relief orders: consequential amendments
Part 1 — Amendments to the Insolvency Act 1986Part 2 — Amendments to other legislation
Schedule 21 — Regulations under sections 111 and 113Schedule 22 — Compulsory purchase: consequential amendmentsSchedule 23 — Repeals
Part 1 — Tribunals and InquiriesPart 2 — Judicial appointmentsPart 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goodsPart 4 — Rent arrears recoveryPart 5 — Administration ordersPart 6 — Appeal Tribunal under section 28 of the Registered Designs
Act 1949: abolitionELIZABETH II c. 15
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement 
Act 2007
2007 CHAPTER 15
An Act to make provision about tribunals and inquiries; to establish an
Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council; to amend the law relating tojudicial appointments and appointme nts to the Law Commission; to amend
the law relating to the enforcement of judgments and debts; to make further
provision about the management and relief of debt; to make provisionprotecting cultural objects from seizure or forfeiture in certain circumstances;
to amend the law relating to the takin g of possession of land affected by
compulsory purchase; to alter the powers of the High Court in judicial reviewapplications; and for connected purposes. [19th July 2007]
E IT ENACTED  by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and
consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present
Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— 
PART 1
TRIBUNALS  AND  INQUIRIES
CHAPTER  1
TRIBUNAL  JUDICIARY : INDEPENDENCE  AND  SENIOR  PRESIDENT
1 Independence of tribunal judiciary
In section 3 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (guarantee of
continued judicial independence), after subsection (7) insert—
“(7A) In this section “the judiciary” also includes every person who—BTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 1 — Tribunal judiciary: independence and Senior President2
(a) holds an office listed in Schedule 14 or holds an office listed in
subsection (7B), and
(b) but for this subsection would not be a member of the judiciary
for the purposes of this section.
(7B) The offices are those of—
(a) Senior President of Tribunals;
(b) President of Employment Tribunals (Scotland);
(c) Vice President of Employment Tribunals (Scotland);
(d) member of a panel of chairmen of Employment Tribunals
(Scotland);
(e) member of a panel of members of employment tribunals that is
not a panel of chairmen;
(f) adjudicator appointed under section  5 of the Criminal Injuries
Compensation Act 1995.”
2 Senior President of Tribunals
(1) Her Majesty may, on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor, appoint a
person to the office of Senior President of Tribunals.
(2) Schedule 1 makes further provision about the Senior President of Tribunals
and about recommendations for appointment under subsection (1).
(3) A holder of the office of Senior President of Tribunals must, in carrying out the
functions of that office, have regard to—
(a) the need for tribunals to be accessible,
(b) the need for proceedings before tribunals—
(i) to be fair, and
(ii) to be handled quickly and efficiently,
(c) the need for members of tribunals to be experts in the subject-matter of,
or the law to be applied in, cases in which they decide matters, and
(d) the need to develop innovative methods of resolving disputes that are
of a type that may be brought before tribunals.
(4) In subsection (3) “tribunals” means—
(a) the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) the Upper Tribunal,
(c) employment tribunals,
(d) the Employment Appeal Tribunal, and
(e) the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal3
CHAPTER  2
FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL  AND  UPPER  TRIBUNAL
Establishment
3 The First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal
(1) There is to be a tribunal, known as the First-tier Tribunal, for the purpose of
exercising the functions conferred on it under or by virtue of this Act or any
other Act.
(2) There is to be a tribunal, known as the Upper Tribunal, for the purpose of
exercising the functions conferred on it under or by virtue of this Act or any
other Act.
(3) Each of the First-tier Tribunal, and the Upper Tribunal, is to consist of its judges
and other members.
(4) The Senior President of Tribunals is to preside over both of the First-tier
Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal.
(5) The Upper Tribunal is to be a superior court of record.
Members and composition of tribunals
4 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal
(1) A person is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal if the person—
(a) is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of appointment under
paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 2,
(b) is a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal (see section 31(2)),
(c) is a judge of the Upper Tribunal,
(d) is a member of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal appointed under
paragraph 2(1)(a) to (d) of Schedule 4 to the Nationality, Immigrationand Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41) (legally qualified members) and is not ajudge of the Upper Tribunal, or
(e) is a member of a panel of chairmen of employment tribunals.
(2) A person is also a judge of the First-tier Tribunal, but only as regards functions
of the tribunal in relation to appeals such as are mentioned in subsection (1) ofsection 5 of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53), if the personis an adjudicator appointed under that section by the Scottish Ministers.
(3) A person is one of the other members of the First-tier Tribunal if the person—
(a) is a member of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of appointment under
paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 2,
(b) is a transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal (see section
31(2)),
(c) is one of the other members of the Upper Tribunal, or
(d) is a member of a panel of members of employment tribunals that is not
a panel of chairmen of employment tribunals.
(4) Schedule 2—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal4
contains provision for the appointment of persons to be judges or other
members of the First-tier Tribunal, and
makes further provision in connection with judges and other members of
the First-tier Tribunal.
5 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal
(1) A person is a judge of the Upper Tribunal if the person—
(a) is the Senior President of Tribunals,
(b) is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment under
paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3,
(c) is a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2)),
(d) is a member of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal appointed under
paragraph 2(1)(a) to (d) of Schedule 4 to the Nationality, Immigrationand Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41) (legally qualified members) who—
(i) is the President or a Deputy President of that tribunal, or
(ii) has the title Senior Immigration Judge but is neither the
President nor a Deputy President of that tribunal,
(e) is the Chief Social Security Commissioner, or any other Social Security
Commissioner, appointed under section 50(1) of the Social SecurityAdministration (Northern Ireland) Act 1992 (c. 8),
(f) is a Social Security Commissioner appointed under section 50(2) of that
Act (deputy Commissioners),
(g) is within section 6(1),
(h) is a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal (whether under paragraph 7 of
Schedule 3 or under section 31(2)), or
(i) is a Chamber President or a Deputy Chamber President, whether of a
chamber of the Upper Tribunal or of a chamber of the First-tierTribunal, and does not fall within any of paragraphs (a) to (h).
(2) A person is one of the other members of the Upper Tribunal if the person—
(a) is a member of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment under
paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 3,
(b) is a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal (see section
31(2)),
(c) is a member of the Employment Appeal Tribunal appointed under
section 22(1)(c) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17), or
(d) is a member of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal appointed under
paragraph 2(1)(e) of Schedule 4 to the Nationality, Immigration andAsylum Act 2002 (members other than “legally qualified members”).
(3) Schedule 3—
contains provision for the appointment of persons to be judges (including
deputy judges), or other members, of the Upper Tribunal, and
makes further provision in connection with judges and other members of
the Upper Tribunal.
6 Certain judges who are also judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal
(1) A person is within this subsection (a nd so, by virtue of sections 4(1)(c) and
5(1)(g), is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal and of the Upper Tribunal) if theperson—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal5
(a) is an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England and Wales
(including the vice-president, if any, of either division of that Court),
(b) is a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,
(c) is a judge of the Court of Session,
(d) is a puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales or Northern
Ireland,
(e) is a circuit judge,
(f) is a sheriff in Scotland,
(g) is a county court judge in Northern Ireland,
(h) is a district judge in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, or
(i) is a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts).
(2) References in subsection (1)(c) to (i) to office-holders do not include deputies
or temporary office-holders.
7 Chambers: jurisdiction and Presidents
(1) The Lord Chancellor may, with the concurrence of the Senior President of
Tribunals, by order make provision for the organisation of each of the First-tierTribunal and the Upper Tribunal into a number of chambers.
(2) There is—
(a) for each chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, and
(b) for each chamber of the Upper Tribunal,
to be a person, or two persons, to preside over that chamber.
(3) A person may not at any particular time preside over more than one chamber
of the First-tier Tribunal and may not at any particular time preside over morethan one chamber of the Upper Tribunal (but may at the same time presideover one chamber of the First-tier Tribunal and over one chamber of the UpperTribunal).
(4) A person appointed under this section to preside over a chamber is to be
known as a Chamber President.
(5) Where two persons are appointed under this section to preside over the same
chamber, any reference in an enactment to the Chamber President of thechamber is a reference to a person appointed under this section to preside overthe chamber.
(6) The Senior President of Tribunals may (consistently with subsections (2) and
(3)) appoint a person who is the Chamber President of a chamber to presideinstead, or to preside also, over another chamber.
(7) The Lord Chancellor may (consistently with subsections (2) and (3)) appoint a
person who is not a Chamber President to preside over a chamber.
(8) Schedule 4 (eligibility for appointmen t under subsection (7), appointment of
Deputy Chamber Presidents and Acting Chamber Presidents, assignment ofjudges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal, andfurther provision about Chamber Presidents and chambers) has effect.
(9) Each of the Lord Chancellor and the Senior President of Tribunals may, with
the concurrence of the other, by order—
(a) make provision for the allocation of the First-tier Tribunal’s functions
between its chambers;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal6
(b) make provision for the allocation of the Upper Tribunal’s functions
between its chambers;
(c) amend or revoke any order made under this subsection.
8 Senior President of Tribunals: power to delegate
(1) The Senior President of Tribunals may delegate any function he has in his
capacity as Senior President of Tribunals—
(a) to any judge, or other member, of the Upper Tribunal or First-tier
Tribunal;
(b) to staff appointed under section 40(1).
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to functions of the Senior President of Tribunals
under section 7(9).
(3) A delegation under subsection (1) is not revoked by the delegator’s becoming
incapacitated.
(4) Any delegation under subsection (1) that is in force immediately before a
person ceases to be Senior President of Tribunals continues in force until variedor revoked by a subsequent holder of the office of Senior President ofTribunals.
(5) The delegation under this section of a function shall not prevent the exercise of
the function by the Senior President of Tribunals.
Review of decisions and appeals
9 Review of decision of First-tier Tribunal
(1) The First-tier Tribunal may review a decision made by it on a matter in a case,
other than a decision that is an excluded decision for the purposes of section11(1) (but see subsection (9)).
(2) The First-tier Tribunal’s power under subsection (1) in relation to a decision is
exercisable—
(a) of its own initiative, or
(b) on application by a person who for the purposes of section 11(2) has a
right of appeal in respect of the decision.
(3) Tribunal Procedure Rules may—
(a) provide that the First-tier Tribunal may not under subsection (1) review
(whether of its own initiative or on application under subsection (2)(b))a decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraphin Tribunal Procedure Rules;
(b) provide that the First-tier Tribunal’s power under subsection (1) to
review a decision of a description specified for the purposes of thisparagraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules is exercisable only of thetribunal’s own initiative;
(c) provide that an application under subsection (2)(b) that is of a
description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in TribunalProcedure Rules may be made only on grounds specified for thepurposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules;
(d) provide, in relation to a decision of a description specified for the
purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules, that the First-Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal7
tier Tribunal’s power under subsection (1) to review the decision of its
own initiative is exercisable only on grounds specified for the purposesof this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules.
(4) Where the First-tier Tribunal has under subsection (1) reviewed a decision, the
First-tier Tribunal may in the light of the review do any of the following—
(a) correct accidental errors in the decision or in a record of the decision;
(b) amend reasons given for the decision;
(c) set the decision aside.
(5) Where under subsection (4)(c) the First-tier Tribunal sets a decision aside, the
First-tier Tribunal must either—
(a) re-decide the matter concerned, or
(b) refer that matter to the Upper Tribunal.
(6) Where a matter is referred to the Upper Tribunal under subsection (5)(b), the
Upper Tribunal must re-decide the matter.
(7) Where the Upper Tribunal is under subsection (6) re-deciding a matter, it may
make any decision which the First-tier Tribunal could make if the First-tierTribunal were re-deciding the matter.
(8) Where a tribunal is acting under subs ection (5)(a) or (6), it may make such
findings of fact as it considers appropriate.
(9) This section has effect as if a decision under subsection (4)(c) to set aside an
earlier decision were not an excluded decision for the purposes of section 11(1),but the First-tier Tribunal’s only power in the light of a review undersubsection (1) of a decision under subsection (4)(c) is the power undersubsection (4)(a).
(10) A decision of the First-tier Tribunal may not be reviewed under subsection (1)
more than once, and once the First-tier Tribunal has decided that an earlierdecision should not be reviewed under subsection (1) it may not then decide toreview that earlier decision under that subsection.
(11) Where under this section a decision is set aside and the matter concerned is
then re-decided, the decision set aside and the decision made in re-deciding thematter are for the purposes of subsection (10) to be taken to be differentdecisions.
10 Review of decision of Upper Tribunal
(1) The Upper Tribunal may review a decision made by it on a matter in a case,
other than a decision that is an excluded decision for the purposes of section13(1) (but see subsection (7)).
(2) The Upper Tribunal’s power under sub section (1) in relation to a decision is
exercisable—
(a) of its own initiative, or
(b) on application by a person who for the purposes of section 13(2) has a
right of appeal in respect of the decision.
(3) Tribunal Procedure Rules may—
(a) provide that the Upper Tribunal may not under subsection (1) review
(whether of its own initiative or on application under subsection (2)(b))Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal8
a decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph
in Tribunal Procedure Rules;
(b) provide that the Upper Tribunal’s power under subsection (1) to
review a decision of a description specified for the purposes of thisparagraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules is exercisable only of thetribunal’s own initiative;
(c) provide that an application under subsection (2)(b) that is of a
description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in TribunalProcedure Rules may be made only on grounds specified for thepurposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules;
(d) provide, in relation to a decision of a description specified for the
purposes of this paragraph in Trib unal Procedure Rules, that the Upper
Tribunal’s power under subsection (1) to review the decision of its owninitiative is exercisable only on grounds specified for the purposes ofthis paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules.
(4) Where the Upper Tribunal has under subsection (1) reviewed a decision, the
Upper Tribunal may in the light of the review do any of the following—
(a) correct accidental errors in the decision or in a record of the decision;
(b) amend reasons given for the decision;
(c) set the decision aside.
(5) Where under subsection (4)(c) the Upper Tribunal sets a decision aside, the
Upper Tribunal must re-decide the matter concerned.
(6) Where the Upper Tribunal is acting under subsection (5), it may make such
findings of fact as it considers appropriate.
(7) This section has effect as if a decision under subsection (4)(c) to set aside an
earlier decision were not an excluded decision for the purposes of section 13(1),but the Upper Tribunal’s only power in the light of a review under subsection(1) of a decision under subsection (4)(c) is the power under subsection (4)(a).
(8) A decision of the Upper Tribunal may not be reviewed under subsection (1)
more than once, and once the Upper Tribunal has decided that an earlierdecision should not be reviewed under subsection (1) it may not then decide toreview that earlier decision under that subsection.
(9) Where under this section a decision is set aside and the matter concerned is
then re-decided, the decision set aside and the decision made in re-deciding thematter are for the purposes of subsection (8) to be taken to be differentdecisions.
11 Right to appeal to Upper Tribunal
(1) For the purposes of subsection (2), the reference to a right of appeal is to a right
to appeal to the Upper Tribunal on an y point of law arising from a decision
made by the First-tier Tribunal other than an excluded decision.
(2) Any party to a case has a right of appeal, subject to subsection (8).
(3) That right may be exercised only with permission (or, in Northern Ireland,
leave).
(4) Permission (or leave) may be given by—
(a) the First-tier Tribunal, or
(b) the Upper Tribunal,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal9
on an application by the party.
(5) For the purposes of subsection (1), an “excluded decision” is—
(a) any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal made in exercise of
a right conferred by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme incompliance with section 5(1)(a) of the Criminal Injuries CompensationAct 1995 (c. 53) (appeals against decisions on reviews),
(b) any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal under section 28(4)
or (6) of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29) (appeals against nationalsecurity certificate),
(c) any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal under section 60(1)
or (4) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36) (appeals againstnational security certificate),
(d) a decision of the First-tier Tribunal under section 9—
(i) to review, or not to review, an earlier decision of the tribunal,
(ii) to take no action, or not to take any particular action, in the light
of a review of an earlier decision of the tribunal,
(iii) to set aside an earlier decision of the tribunal, or
(iv) to refer, or not to refer, a matter to the Upper Tribunal,
(e) a decision of the First-tier Tribunal that is set aside under section 9
(including a decision set aside after proceedings on an appeal underthis section have been begun), or
(f) any decision of the First-tier Tribunal that is of a description specified
in an order made by the Lord Chancellor.
(6) A description may be specified under subsection (5)(f) only if—
(a) in the case of a decision of that description, there is a right to appeal to
a court, the Upper Tribunal or any other tribunal from the decision andthat right is, or includes, something other than a right (howeverexpressed) to appeal on any point of law arising from the decision, or
(b) decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function
transferred under section 30 and prior to the transfer of the functionunder section 30(1) there was no right to appeal from decisions of thatdescription.
(7) Where—
(a) an order under subsection (5)(f) specifies a description of decisions, and
(b) decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function
transferred under section 30,
the order must be framed so as to come into force no later than the time when
the transfer under section 30 of the function takes effect (but power to revokethe order continues to be exercisable after that time, and power to amend theorder continues to be exercisable after that time for the purpose of narrowingthe description for the time being specified).
(8) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for a person to be treated
as being, or to be treated as not being, a party to a case for the purposes ofsubsection (2).
12 Proceedings on appeal to Upper Tribunal
(1) Subsection (2) applies if the Upper Tribunal, in deciding an appeal under
section 11, finds that the making of the decision concerned involved themaking of an error on a point of law.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal10
(2) The Upper Tribunal—
(a) may (but need not) set aside the decision of the First-tier Tribunal, and
(b) if it does, must either—
(i) remit the case to the First-tier Tribunal with directions for its
reconsideration, or
(ii) re-make the decision.
(3) In acting under subsection (2)(b) (i), the Upper Tribunal may also—
(a) direct that the members of the First-tier Tribunal who are chosen to
reconsider the case are not to be the same as those who made thedecision that has been set aside;
(b) give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the
case by the First-tier Tribunal.
(4) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(ii), the Upper Tribunal—
(a) may make any decision which the First-tier Tribunal could make if the
First-tier Tribunal were re-making the decision, and
(b) may make such findings of fact as it considers appropriate.
13 Right to appeal to Court of Appeal etc.
(1) For the purposes of subsection (2), the reference to a right of appeal is to a right
to appeal to the relevant appellate court on any point of law arising from adecision made by the Upper Tribunal other than an excluded decision.
(2) Any party to a case has a right of appeal, subject to subsection (14).(3) That right may be exercised only with permission (or, in Northern Ireland,
leave).
(4) Permission (or leave) may be given by—
(a) the Upper Tribunal, or
(b) the relevant appellate court,
on an application by the party.
(5) An application may be made under subsection (4) to the relevant appellate
court only if permission (or leave) has been refused by the Upper Tribunal.
(6) The Lord Chancellor may, as respects an application under subsection (4) that
falls within subsection (7) and for which the relevant appellate court is theCourt of Appeal in England and Wales or the Court of Appeal in NorthernIreland, by order make provision for permission (or leave) not to be granted onthe application unless the U pper Tribunal or (as the case may be) the relevant
appellate court considers—
(a) that the proposed appeal would raise some important point of principle
or practice, or
(b) that there is some other compelling  reason for the relevant appellate
court to hear the appeal.
(7) An application falls within this subsection if the application is for permission
(or leave) to appeal from any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appealunder section 11.
(8) For the purposes of subsection (1), an “excluded decision” is—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal11
(a) any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appeal under section 28(4) or
(6) of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29) (appeals against nationalsecurity certificate),
(b) any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appeal under section 60(1) or
(4) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36) (appeals againstnational security certificate),
(c) any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an application under section
11(4)(b) (application for permission or leave to appeal),
(d) a decision of the Upper Tribunal under section 10—
(i) to review, or not to review, an earlier decision of the tribunal,
(ii) to take no action, or not to take any particular action, in the light
of a review of an earlier decision of the tribunal, or
(iii) to set aside an earlier decision of the tribunal,
(e) a decision of the Upper Tribunal that is set aside under section 10
(including a decision set aside after proceedings on an appeal underthis section have been begun), or
(f) any decision of the Upper Tribunal  that is of a description specified in
an order made by the Lord Chancellor.
(9) A description may be specified under subsection (8)(f) only if—
(a) in the case of a decision of that description, there is a right to appeal to
a court from the decision and that right is, or includes, something otherthan a right (however expressed) to appeal on any point of law arisingfrom the decision, or
(b) decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function
transferred under section 30 and prior to the transfer of the functionunder section 30(1) there was no right to appeal from decisions of thatdescription.
(10) Where—
(a) an order under subsection (8)(f) specifies a description of decisions, and
(b) decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function
transferred under section 30,
the order must be framed so as to come into force no later than the time when
the transfer under section 30 of the function takes effect (but power to revokethe order continues to be exercisable after that time, and power to amend theorder continues to be exercisable after that time for the purpose of narrowingthe description for the time being specified).
(11) Before the Upper Tribunal decides an application made to it under subsection
(4), the Upper Tribunal must specify the court that is to be the relevantappellate court as respects the proposed appeal.
(12) The court to be specified under subsection (11) in relation to a proposed appeal
is whichever of the following courts appears to the Upper Tribunal to be themost appropriate—
(a) the Court of Appeal in England and Wales;
(b) the Court of Session;
(c) the Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland.
(13) In this section except subsection (11), “the relevant appellate court”, as respects
an appeal, means the court specified as respects that appeal by the UpperTribunal under subsection (11).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal12
(14) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for a person to be treated
as being, or to be treated as not being, a party to a case for the purposes ofsubsection (2).
(15) Rules of court may make provision as to the time within which an application
under subsection (4) to the relevant appellate court must be made.
14 Proceedings on appeal to Court of Appeal etc.
(1) Subsection (2) applies if the relevant appellate court, in deciding an appeal
under section 13, finds that the making of the decision concerned involved themaking of an error on a point of law.
(2) The relevant appellate court—
(a) may (but need not) set aside the decision of the Upper Tribunal, and
(b) if it does, must either—
(i) remit the case to the Upper Tribunal or, where the decision of
the Upper Tribunal was on an appeal or reference from anothertribunal or some other person, to the Upper Tribunal or thatother tribunal or person, with direc tions for its reconsideration,
or
(ii) re-make the decision.
(3) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(i), the relevant appellate court may also—
(a) direct that the persons who are chosen to reconsider the case are not to
be the same as those who—
(i) where the case is remitted to the Upper Tribunal, made the
decision of the Upper Tribunal that has been set aside, or
(ii) where the case is remitted to another tribunal or person, made
the decision in respect of which the appeal or reference to theUpper Tribunal was made;
(b) give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the
case by the Upper Tribunal or other tribunal or person.
(4) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(ii), the relevant appellate court—
(a) may make any decision which the Upper Tribunal could make if the
Upper Tribunal were re-making the decision or (as the case may be)which the other tribunal or person could make if that other tribunal orperson were re-making the decision, and
(b) may make such findings of fact as it considers appropriate.
(5) Where—
(a) under subsection (2)(b)(i) the relevant appellate court remits a case to
the Upper Tribunal, and
(b) the decision set aside under subsection (2)(a) was made by the Upper
Tribunal on an appeal or reference from another tribunal or some otherperson,
the Upper Tribunal may (instead of reconsidering the case itself) remit the case
to that other tribunal or person, with the directions given by the relevantappellate court for its reconsideration.
(6) In acting under subsection (5), the Upper Tribunal may also—
(a) direct that the persons who are chosen to reconsider the case are not to
be the same as those who made the decision in respect of which theappeal or reference to the Upper Tribunal was made;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal13
(b) give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the
case by the other tribunal or person.
(7) In this section “the relevant appe llate court”, as respects an appeal under
section 13, means the court specified as respects that appeal by the UpperTribunal under section 13(11).
"Judicial review"
15 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction
(1) The Upper Tribunal has power, in cases arising under the law of England and
Wales or under the law of Northern Ireland, to grant the following kinds ofrelief—
(a) a mandatory order;
(b) a prohibiting order;
(c) a quashing order;
(d) a declaration;
(e) an injunction.
(2) The power under subsection (1) may be exercised by the Upper Tribunal if—
(a) certain conditions are met (see section 18), or
(b) the tribunal is authorised to proceed even though not all of those
conditions are met (see section 19(3) and (4)).
(3) Relief under subsection (1) granted by the Upper Tribunal— 
(a) has the same effect as the corresponding relief granted by the High
Court on an application for judicial review, and
(b) is enforceable as if it were relief granted by the High Court on an
application for judicial review.
(4) In deciding whether to grant relief under subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c), the Upper
Tribunal must apply the principles that the High Court would apply indeciding whether to grant that relief on an application for judicial review.
(5) In deciding whether to grant relief under subsection (1)(d) or (e), the Upper
Tribunal must—
(a) in cases arising under the law of England and Wales apply the
principles that the High Court would apply in deciding whether togrant that relief under section 31(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1981(c. 54) on an application for judicial review, and
(b) in cases arising under the law of Northern Ireland apply the principles
that the High Court would apply in deciding whether to grant thatrelief on an application for judicial review.
(6) For the purposes of the application of subsection (3)(a) in relation to cases
arising under the law of Northern Ireland—
(a) a mandatory order under subsection (1)(a) shall be taken to correspond
to an order of mandamus,
(b) a prohibiting order under subsection (1)(b) shall be taken to correspond
to an order of prohibition, and
(c) a quashing order under subsection (1)(c) shall be taken to correspond
to an order of certiorari.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal14
16 Application for relief under section 15(1)
(1) This section applies in relation to an application to the Upper Tribunal for relief
under section 15(1).
(2) The application may be made only if permission (or, in a case arising under the
law of Northern Ireland, leave) to make it has been obtained from the tribunal.
(3) The tribunal may not grant per mission (or leave) to make the application
unless it considers that the applic ant has a sufficient interest in the matter to
which the application relates.
(4) Subsection (5) applies where the tribunal considers—
(a) that there has been undue delay in making the application, and
(b) that granting the relief sought on the application would be likely to
cause substantial hardship to, or sub stantially prejudice the rights of,
any person or would be detrimental to good administration.
(5) The tribunal may—
(a) refuse to grant permission (or leave) for the making of the application;
(b) refuse to grant any relief sought on the application.
(6) The tribunal may award to the applicant damages, restitution or the recovery
of a sum due if—
(a) the application includes a claim for such an award arising from any
matter to which the application relates, and
(b) the tribunal is satisfied that such an award would have been made by
the High Court if the claim had been made in an action begun in theHigh Court by the applicant at the time of making the application.
(7) An award under subsection (6) may be enforced as if it were an award of the
High Court.
(8) Where—
(a) the tribunal refuses to grant permi ssion (or leave) to apply for relief
under section 15(1),
(b) the applicant appeals against that refusal, and
(c) the Court of Appeal grants the permission (or leave),
the Court of Appeal may go on to decide the application for relief under section
15(1).
(9) Subsections (4) and (5) do not preven t Tribunal Procedure Rules from limiting
the time within which applications may be made.
17 Quashing orders under section 15(1): supplementary provision
(1) If the Upper Tribunal makes a quashing order under section 15(1)(c) in respect
of a decision, it may in addition—
(a) remit the matter concerned to the court, tribunal or authority that made
the decision, with a direction to reconsider the matter and reach adecision in accordance with the findings of the Upper Tribunal, or
(b) substitute its own decision for the decision in question.
(2) The power conferred by subsection (1)(b) is exercisable only if—
(a) the decision in question was made by a court or tribunal,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal15
(b) the decision is quashed on the ground that there has been an error of
law, and
(c) without the error, there would have been only one decision that the
court or tribunal could have reached.
(3) Unless the Upper Tribunal otherwise directs, a decision substituted by it under
subsection (1)(b) has effect as if it were a decision of the relevant court ortribunal.
18 Limits of jurisdiction under section 15(1)
(1) This section applies where an application made to the Upper Tribunal seeks
(whether or not alone)—
(a) relief under section 15(1), or
(b) permission (or, in a case arising under the law of Northern Ireland,
leave) to apply for relief under section 15(1).
(2) If Conditions 1 to 4 are met, the tribunal has the function of deciding the
application.
(3) If the tribunal does not have the function of deciding the application, it must
by order transfer the application to the High Court.
(4) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than—
(a) relief under section 15(1);
(b) permission (or, in a case arising under the law of Northern Ireland,
leave) to apply for relief under section 15(1);
(c) an award under section 16(6);
(d) interest;
(e) costs.
(5) Condition 2 is that the application does not call into question anything done by
the Crown Court.
(6) Condition 3 is that the application fal ls within a class specified for the purposes
of this subsection in a direction given in  accordance with Part 1 of Schedule 2
to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4).
(7) The power to give directions under subsection (6) includes—
(a) power to vary or revoke directions made in exercise of the power, and
(b) power to make different provision for different purposes.
(8) Condition 4 is that the judge presidin g at the hearing of the application is
either—
(a) a judge of the High Court or the Court of Appeal in England and Wales
or Northern Ireland, or a judge of the Court of Session, or
(b) such other persons as may be agreed from time to time between the
Lord Chief Justice, the Lord President, or the Lord Chief Justice ofNorthern Ireland, as the case may be, and the Senior President ofTribunals.
(9) Where the application is transferred to the High Court under subsection (3)—
(a) the application is to be treated for all purposes as if it—
(i) had been made to the High Court, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal16
(ii) sought things corresponding to those sought from the tribunal,
and
(b) any steps taken, permission (or leave) given or orders made by the
tribunal in relation to the application are to be treated as taken, givenor made by the High Court.
(10) Rules of court may make provision for the purpose of supplementing
subsection (9).
(11) The provision that may be made by Tribunal Procedure Rules about
amendment of an application for relief under section 15(1) includes, inparticular, provision about amendments that would cause the application tobecome transferrable under subsection (3).
(12) For the purposes of subsection (9)( a)(ii), in relation to an application
transferred to the High Court in Northern Ireland—
(a) an order of mandamus shall be taken to correspond to a mandatory
order under section 15(1)(a),
(b) an order of prohibition shall be taken to correspond to a prohibiting
order under section 15(1)(b), and
(c) an order of certiorari shall be taken to correspond to a quashing order
under section 15(1)(c).
19 Transfer of judicial review applications from High Court
(1) In the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54), after section 31 insert—
“31A Transfer of judicial review applications to Upper Tribunal
(1) This section applies where an application is made to the High Court—
(a) for judicial review, or
(b) for permission to apply for judicial review.
(2) If Conditions 1, 2, 3 and 4 are met, the High Court must by order
transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal.
(3) If Conditions 1, 2 and 4 are met, but Condition 3 is not, the High Court
may by order transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal if itappears to the High Court to be just and convenient to do so.
(4) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than—
(a) relief under section 31(1)(a) and (b);
(b) permission to apply for relief under section 31(1)(a) and (b);
(c) an award under section 31(4);
(d) interest;
(e) costs.
(5) Condition 2 is that the application does  not call into question anything
done by the Crown Court.
(6) Condition 3 is that the application falls within a class specified under
section 18(6) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.
(7) Condition 4 is that the appl ication does not call into question any
decision made under—
(a) the Immigration Acts,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal17
(b) the British Nationality Act 1981 (c. 61),
(c) any instrument having ef fect under an enactment within
paragraph (a) or (b), or
(d) any other provision of law for the time being in force which
determines British citizenship, British overseas territoriescitizenship, the status of a British National (Overseas) or BritishOverseas citizenship.”
(2) In the Judicature (Northern Ireland) Act 1978 (c. 23), after section 25 insert—
“25A Transfer of judicial review applications to Upper Tribunal
(1) This section applies where an application is made to the High Court—
(a) for judicial review, or
(b) for leave to apply for judicial review.
(2) If Conditions 1, 2, 3 and 4 are met, the High Court must by order
transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal.
(3) If Conditions 1, 2 and 4 are met, but Condition 3 is not, the High Court
may by order transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal if itappears to the High Court to be just and convenient to do so.
(4) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than—
(a) relief under section 18(1)(a) to (e);
(b) leave to apply for relief under section 18(1)(a) to (e);
(c) an award under section 20;
(d) interest;
(e) costs.
(5) Condition 2 is that the application does  not call into question anything
done by the Crown Court.
(6) Condition 3 is that the application falls within a class specified under
section 18(6) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.
(7) Condition 4 is that the appl ication does not call into question any
decision made under—
(a) the Immigration Acts,
(b) the British Nationality Act 1981,
(c) any instrument having ef fect under an enactment within
paragraph (a) or (b), or
(d) any other provision of law for the time being in force which
determines British citizenship, British overseas territoriescitizenship, the status of a British National (Overseas) or BritishOverseas citizenship.”
(3) Where an application is transferred to the Upper Tribunal under 31A of the
Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) or section 25A of the Judicature (NorthernIreland) Act 1978 (transfer from the High Court of judicial reviewapplications)—
(a) the application is to be treated for all purposes as if it—
(i) had been made to the tribunal, and
(ii) sought things corresponding to those sought from the High
Court,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
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Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal18
(b) the tribunal has the function of deciding the application, even if it does
not fall within a class specified under section 18(6), and
(c) any steps taken, permission given, leave given or orders made by the
High Court in relation to the application are to be treated as taken,given or made by the tribunal.
(4) Where—
(a) an application for permission is transferred to the Upper Tribunal
under section 31A of the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) and thetribunal grants permission, or
(b) an application for leave is transferred to the Upper Tribunal under
section 25A of the Judicature (Northern Ireland) Act 1978 (c. 23) and thetribunal grants leave,
the tribunal has the function of deciding any subsequent application brought
under the permission or leave, even if the subsequent application does not fallwithin a class specified under section 18(6).
(5) Tribunal Procedure Rules may make further provision for the purposes of
supplementing subsections (3) and (4).
(6) For the purposes of subsection (3)(a)(ii), in relation to an application
transferred to the Upper Tribunal under section 25A of the Judicature(Northern Ireland) Act 1978—
(a) a mandatory order under section 15(1)(a) shall be taken to correspond
to an order of mandamus,
(b) a prohibiting order under section 15(1)(b) shall be taken to correspond
to an order of prohibition, and
(c) a quashing order under section 15(1)(c) shall be taken to correspond to
an order of certiorari.
20 Transfer of judicial review applications from the Court of Session
(1) Where an application is made to the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court of
Session, the Court—
(a) must, if Conditions 1, 2 and 4 are met, and
(b) may, if Conditions 1, 3 and 4 are met, but Condition 2 is not,
by order transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal.
(2) Condition 1 is that the application d oes not seek anything other than an
exercise of the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court of Session.
(3) Condition 2 is that the application fal ls within a class specified for the purposes
of this subsection by act of sederunt made with the consent of the LordChancellor.
(4) Condition 3 is that the subject matter of the application is not a devolved
Scottish matter.
(5) Condition 4 is that the application does not call into question any decision
made under—
(a) the Immigration Acts,
(b) the British Nationality Act 1981 (c. 61),
(c) any instrument having effect under an enactment within paragraph (a)
or (b), orTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal19
(d) any other provision of law for the time being in force which determines
British citizenship, British oversea s territories citizenship, the status of
a British National (Overseas) or British Overseas citizenship.
(6) There may not be specified under subsecti on (3) any class of application which
includes an application the subject matter of which is a devolved Scottishmatter.
(7) For the purposes of this section, the subject matter of an application is a
devolved Scottish matter if it—
(a) concerns the exercise of functions in or as regards Scotland, and
(b) does not relate to a reserved matter within the meaning of the Scotland
Act 1998 (c. 46).
(8) In subsection (2), the reference to the exercise of the supervisory jurisdiction of
the Court of Session includes a reference to the making of any order inconnection with or in consequence of the exercise of that jurisdiction.
21 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction: Scotland
(1) The Upper Tribunal has the fun ction of deciding applications transferred to it
from the Court of Session under section 20(1).
(2) The powers of review of the Upper Tribunal in relation to such applications are
the same as the powers of review of the Court of Session in an application tothe supervisory jurisdiction of that Court.
(3) In deciding an application by virtue of subsection (1), the Upper Tribunal must
apply principles that the Court of Session would apply in deciding anapplication to the supervisory jurisdiction of that Court.
(4) An order of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of subsection (1)—
(a) has the same effect as the corresponding order granted by the Court of
Session on an application to the supervisory jurisdiction of that Court,and
(b) is enforceable as if it were an order so granted by that Court.
(5) Where an application is transferred to the Upper Tribunal by virtue of section
20(1), any steps taken or orders made by the Court of Session in relation to theapplication (other than the order to transfer the application under section20(1)) are to be treated as taken or made by the tribunal.
(6) Tribunal Procedure Rules may make further provision for the purposes of
supplementing subsection (5).
Miscellaneous
22 Tribunal Procedure Rules
(1) There are to be rules, to be called “Tribunal Procedure Rules”, governing—
(a) the practice and procedure to be followed in the First-tier Tribunal, and
(b) the practice and procedure to be followed in the Upper Tribunal.
(2) Tribunal Procedure Rules are to be made by the Tribunal Procedure
Committee.
(3) In Schedule 5—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal20
Part 1 makes further provision about the content of Tribunal Procedure
Rules,
Part 2 makes provision about the membership of the Tribunal Procedure
Committee,
Part 3 makes provision about the making of Tribunal Procedure Rules by
the Committee, and
Part 4 confers power to amend legislation in connection with Tribunal
Procedure Rules.
(4) Power to make Tribunal Procedure Rules is to be exercised with a view to
securing—
(a) that, in proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal,
justice is done,
(b) that the tribunal system is accessible and fair,
(c) that proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal are
handled quickly and efficiently,
(d) that the rules are both simple and simply expressed, and
(e) that the rules where appropriate confer on members of the First-tier
Tribunal, or Upper Tribunal, responsibility for ensuring thatproceedings before the tribunal are handled quickly and efficiently.
(5) In subsection (4)(b) “the tr ibunal system” means the system for deciding
matters within the jurisdiction of the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal.
23 Practice directions
(1) The Senior President of Tribunals may give directions—
(a) as to the practice and procedure of the First-tier Tribunal;
(b) as to the practice and procedure of the Upper Tribunal.
(2) A Chamber President may give directions as to the practice and procedure of
the chamber over which he presides.
(3) A power under this section to give directions includes—
(a) power to vary or revoke directions made in exercise of the power, and
(b) power to make different provision for different purposes (including
different provision for different areas).
(4) Directions under subsection (1) may not be given without the approval of the
Lord Chancellor.
(5) Directions under subsection (2) may not be given without the approval of—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, and
(b) the Lord Chancellor.
(6) Subsections (4) and (5)(b) do not apply to directions to the extent that they
consist of guidance about any of the following—
(a) the application or interpretation of the law;
(b) the making of decisions by members of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper
Tribunal.
(7) Subsections (4) and (5)(b) do not apply to directions to the extent that they
consist of criteria for determining which members of the First-tier Tribunal orUpper Tribunal may be chosen to decide particular categories of matter; butTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal21
the directions may, to that extent, be given only after consulting the Lord
Chancellor.
24 Mediation
(1) A person exercising power to make Tribunal Procedure Rules or give practice
directions must, when making provision in relation to mediation, have regardto the following principles—
(a) mediation of matters in dispute between parties to proceedings is to
take place only by agreement between those parties;
(b) where parties to proceedings fail to mediate, or where mediation
between parties to proceedings fails to resolve disputed matters, thefailure is not to affect the outcome of the proceedings.
(2) Practice directions may provide for members to act as mediators in relation to
disputed matters in a case that is the subject of proceedings.
(3) The provision that may be made by virtue of subsection (2) includes provision
for a member to act as a mediator in relation to disputed matters in a case eventhough the member has been chosen to decide matters in the case.
(4) Once a member has begun to act as a mediator in relation to a disputed matter
in a case that is the subject of proceedings, the member may decide matters inthe case only with the consent of the parties.
(5) Staff appointed under section 40(1) may, subject to their terms of appointment,
act as mediators in relation to disputed matters in a case that is the subject ofproceedings.
(6) In this section—
“member” means a judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal or a
judge or other member of the Upper Tribunal;
“practice direction” means a direction under section 23(1) or (2);
“proceedings” means proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or
proceedings before the Upper Tribunal.
25 Supplementary powers of Upper Tribunal
(1) In relation to the matters mentioned in subsection (2), the Upper Tribunal—
(a) has, in England and Wales or in Northern Ireland, the same powers,
rights, privileges and authority as the High Court, and
(b) has, in Scotland, the same powers, rights, privileges and authority as
the Court of Session.
(2) The matters are—
(a) the attendance and examination of witnesses,
(b) the production and inspection of documents, and
(c) all other matters incidental to the Upper Tribunal’s functions.
(3) Subsection (1) shall not be taken—
(a) to limit any power to make Tribunal Procedure Rules;
(b) to be limited by anything in Tribunal Procedure Rules other than an
express limitation.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal22
(4) A power, right, privilege or authority conferred in a territory by subsection (1)
is available for purposes of proceedings in the Upper Tribunal that take placeoutside that territory (as well as for purposes of proceedings in the tribunal thattake place within that territory).
26 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal: sitting places
Each of the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal may decide a case—
(a) in England and Wales,
(b) in Scotland, or
(c) in Northern Ireland,
even though the case arises under the law of a territory other than the one in
which the case is decided.
27 Enforcement
(1) A sum payable in pursuance of a decision of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper
Tribunal made in England and Wales—
(a) shall be recoverable as if it were payable under an order of a county
court in England and Wales;
(b) shall be recoverable as if it were payable under an order of the High
Court in England and Wales.
(2) An order for the payment of a sum payable in pursuance of a decision of the
First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal made in Scotland (or a copy of such an
order certified in accordance with Tribunal Procedure Rules) may be enforcedas if it were an extract registered decree arbitral bearing a warrant for executionissued by the sheriff court of any sheriffdom in Scotland.
(3) A sum payable in pursuance of a decision of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper
Tribunal made in Northern Ireland—
(a) shall be recoverable as if it were payable under an order of a county
court in Northern Ireland;
(b) shall be recoverable as if it were payable under an order of the High
Court in Northern Ireland.
(4) This section does not apply to a sum payable in pursuance of—
(a) an award under section 16(6), or
(b) an order by virtue of section 21(1).
(5) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for subsection (1) or (3) to
apply in relation to a sum of a description specified in the order with theomission of one (but not both) of paragraphs (a) and (b).
(6) Tribunal Procedure Rules—
(a) may make provision as to where, for purposes of this section, a decision
is to be taken to be made;
(b) may provide for all or any of subsections (1) to (3) to apply only, or not
to apply except, in relation to sums of a description specified inTribunal Procedure Rules.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 2 — First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal23
28 Assessors
(1) If it appears to the First-tier Tribunal  or the Upper Tribunal that a matter before
it requires special expertise not otherwise available to it, it may direct that indealing with that matter it shall have the assistance of a person or personsappearing to it to have relevant knowledge or experience.
(2) The remuneration of a person who gives assistance to either tribunal as
mentioned in subsection (1) shall be determined and paid by the LordChancellor.
(3) The Lord Chancellor may—
(a) establish panels of persons from which either tribunal may (but need
not) select persons to give it assistance as mentioned in subsection (1);
(b) under paragraph (a) establish different panels for different purposes;
(c) after carrying out such consultation as he considers appropriate,
appoint persons to a panel established under paragraph (a);
(d) remove a person from such a panel.
29 Costs or expenses
(1) The costs of and incidental to—
(a) all proceedings in the First-tier Tribunal, and
(b) all proceedings in the Upper Tribunal,
shall be in the discretion of the Tribunal in which the proceedings take place.
(2) The relevant Tribunal shall have full  power to determine by whom and to what
extent the costs are to be paid.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) have effect subject to Tribunal Procedure Rules.
(4) In any proceedings mentioned in subsection (1), the relevant Tribunal may— 
(a) disallow, or
(b) (as the case may be) order the legal or other representative concerned
to meet,
the whole of any wasted costs or such part of them as may be determined in
accordance with Tribunal Procedure Rules.
(5) In subsection (4) “wasted costs” mea ns any costs incurred by a party—
(a) as a result of any improper, unreasonable or negligent act or omission
on the part of any legal or other representative or any employee of sucha representative, or
(b) which, in the light of any such act or omission occurring after they were
incurred, the relevant Tribunal considers it is unreasonable to expectthat party to pay.
(6) In this section “legal or other representative”, in relation to a party to
proceedings, means any person exercising a right of audience or right toconduct the proceedings on his behalf.
(7) In the application of this section in re lation to Scotland, any reference in this
section to costs is to be read as a reference to expenses.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions24
CHAPTER  3
TRANSFER  OF TRIBUNAL  FUNCTIONS
30 Transfer of functions of certain tribunals
(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order provide for a function of a scheduled
tribunal to be transferred—
(a) to the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) to the Upper Tribunal,
(c) to the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal with the question as
to which of them is to exercise the function in a particular case beingdetermined by a person under provisions of the order,
(d) to the First-tier Tribunal to the extent specified in the order and to the
Upper Tribunal to the extent so specified,
(e) to the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal with the question as
to which of them is to exercise the function in a particular case beingdetermined by, or under, Tribunal Procedure Rules,
(f) to an employment tribunal,
(g) to the Employment Appeal Tribunal,
(h) to an employment tribunal and the Employment Appeal Tribunal with
the question as to which of them is to exercise the function in aparticular case being determined by a person under provisions of theorder, or
(i) to an employment tribunal to the extent specified in the order and to the
Employment Appeal Tribunal to the extent so specified.
(2) In subsection (1) “scheduled tribunal” means a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6
that has effect for the purposes of this section.
(3) The Lord Chancellor may, as respects a function transferred under subsection
(1) or this subsection, by order provide for the function to be furthertransferred as mentioned in any of paragraphs (a) to (i) of subsection (1).
(4) An order under subsection (1) or (3) may include provision for the purposes of
or in consequence of, or for giving full effect to, a transfer under thatsubsection.
(5) A function of a tribunal may not be transferred under subsection (1) or (3) if, or
to the extent that, the provision conferring the function—
(a) would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament
if it were included in an Act of that Parliament, or
(b) would be within the legislative competence of the Northern Ireland
Assembly if it were included in an Act of that Assembly.
(6) Subsection (5) does not apply to—
(a) the Secretary of State’s function of deciding appeals under section 41 of
the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (c. 39),
(b) functions of the Consumer Credit Appeals Tribunal,
(c) the Secretary of State’s function of deciding appeals under section 7(1)
of the Estate Agents Act 1979 (c. 38), or
(d) functions of an adjudicator under section 5 of the Criminal Injuries
Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53) (but see subsection (7)).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions25
(7) Functions of an adjudicator under section 5 of the Criminal Injuries
Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53), so far as they relate to Scotland, may betransferred under subsection (1) or (3) only with the consent of the ScottishMinisters.
(8) A function of a tribunal may be transferred under subsection (1) or (3) only
with the consent of the Welsh Ministers if any relevant function is exercisablein relation to the tribunal by the Welsh Ministers (whether by the WelshMinisters alone, or by the Welsh Mini sters jointly or concurrently with any
other person).
(9) In subsection (8) “relevant function”, in relation to a tribunal, means a function
which relates—
(a) to the operation of the tribunal (including, in particular, its
membership, administration, staff, acc ommodation and funding, and
payments to its members or staff), or
(b) to the provision of expenses and allowances to persons attending the
tribunal or attending elsewhere in connection with proceedings beforethe tribunal.
31 Transfers under section 30: supplementary powers
(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for abolishing the tribunal
by whom a function transferred under section 30(1) is exercisable immediatelybefore its transfer.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision, where functions of a
tribunal are transferred under section 30(1), for a person—
(a) who is the tribunal (but is not the Secretary of State), or
(b) who is a member of the tribunal, or
(c) who is an authorised decision-maker for the tribunal,
to (instead or in addition) be the holder of an office specified in subsection (3).
(3) Those offices are—
(a) transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal,
(c) transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal,
(d) transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal, and
(e) deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal.
(4) Where functions of a tribunal are transferred under section 30(1), the Lord
Chancellor must exercise the power under subsection (2) so as to secure thateach person who immediately before the end of the tribunal’s life—
(a) is the tribunal,
(b) is a member of the tribunal, or
(c) is an authorised decision-maker for the tribunal,
becomes the holder of an office specified in subsection (3) with effect from the
end of the tribunal’s life (if the person is not then already the holder of such anoffice).
(5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to a person—
(a) by virtue of the person’s being the Secretary of State, or
(b) by virtue of the person’s being a Commissioner for the general
purposes of the income tax;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions26
and a reference in subsection (4) to the end of a tribunal’s life is to when the
tribunal is abolished or (without being abolished) comes to have no functions.
(6) For the purposes of this section, a person is an “authorised decision-maker” for
a tribunal if—
(a) the tribunal is listed in column 1 of an entry in the following Table, and
(b) the person is of the description specified in column 2 of that entry.
(7) Where a function of a tribunal is transferred under section 30(1), the Lord
Chancellor may by order provide for procedural rules in force immediatelybefore the transfer to have effect, or to have effect with appropriatemodifications, after the transfer (and, accordingly, to be capable of beingvaried or revoked) as if they were—
(a) Tribunal Procedure Rules, or
(b) employment tribunal procedure regulations, or Appeal Tribunal
procedure rules, within the meanin g given by section 42(1) of the
Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17).
(8) In subsection (7)—
“procedural rules” means provision (whether called rules or not)—
(a) regulating practice or procedure before the tribunal, and
(b) applying for purposes connected with the exercise of the
function;
“appropriate modifications” means modifications (including additions
and omissions) that appear to the Lord Chancellor to be necessary tosecure, or expedient in connection with securing, that the proceduralrules apply in relation to the exercise of the function after the transfer.(1) (2)
Tribunal Authorised decision-maker
Adjudicator to Her Majesty’s
Land RegistryMember of the Adjudicator’s
staff who is authorised by theAdjudicator to carry outfunctions of the Adjudicatorwhich are not of anadministrative character
The Secretary of State as respects
his function of deciding appealsunder section 41 of theConsumer Credit Act 1974 (c. 39)Person who is a member of a
panel under regulation 24 of theConsumer Credit Licensing(Appeals) Regulations 1998(S.I. 1998/1203)
The Secretary of State as respects
his function of deciding appealsunder section 7(1) of the EstateAgents Act 1979 (c. 38)Person appointed, at any time
after 2005, under regulation19(1) of the Estate Agents(Appeals) Regulations 1981(S.I. 1981/1518) to hear anappeal on behalf of the Secretaryof StateTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions27
(9) The Lord Chancellor may, in connection with provision made by order under
section 30 or the preceding provision s of this section, make by order such
incidental, supplemental, transitional or consequential provision, or provisionfor savings, as the Lord Chancellor thin ks fit, including provision applying
only in relation to cases selected by a member—
(a) of the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) of the Upper Tribunal,
(c) of the Employment Appeal Tribunal, or
(d) of a panel of members of employment tribunals.
(10) Subsections (1), (2) and (7) are not to be taken as prejudicing the generality of
subsection (9).
32 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Wales
(1) Subsection (2) applies if—
(a) a function is transferred under secti on 30(1)(a), (c), (d) or (e) in relation
to England but is not transferred under section 30(1) in relation toWales, or
(b) a function that is not exercisable in relation to Wales is transferred
under section 30(1)(a), (c), (d) or (e) in relation to England and,although there is a corresponding function that is exercisable in relationto Wales, that corresponding function is not transferred under section30(1) in relation to Wales.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by order—
(a) provide for an appeal against a decision to be made to the Upper
Tribunal instead of to the court to which an appeal would otherwise fallto be made where the decision is made in exercising, in relation toWales, the function mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (as the case maybe) the corresponding function mentioned in subsection (1)(b);
(b) provide for a reference of any matter to be made to the Upper Tribunal
instead of to the court to which a reference would otherwise fall to bemade where the matter arises in exercising, in relation to Wales, thefunction mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (as the case may be) thecorresponding function mentioned in subsection (1)(b).
(3) The Lord Chancellor may by order provide for an appeal against a decision of
a scheduled tribunal to be made to the Upper Tribunal, instead of to the courtto which an appeal would otherwise fall to be made, where the decision ismade by the tribunal in exercising a function in relation to Wales.
(4) In subsection (3) “scheduled tribunal” means a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6
that has effect for the purposes of that subsection.
(5) An order under subsection (2) or (3)—
(a) may include provision for the purposes of or in consequence of, or for
giving full effect to, provision made by the order;
(b) may include such incidental, supplemental, transitional or
consequential provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit.
33 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Scotland
(1) Subsection (2) applies if—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions28
(a) a function is transferred under secti on 30(1)(a), (c), (d) or (e) in relation
to England (whether or not also in relation to Wales) but is nottransferred under section 30(1) in relation to Scotland,
(b) an appeal may be made to the Upper Tribunal against any decision, or
any decision of a particular description, made in exercising thetransferred function in relation to England, and
(c) no appeal may be made against a corresponding decision made in
exercising the function in relation to Scotland.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by order provide for an appeal against any such
corresponding decision to be made to the Upper Tribunal.
(3) An order under subsection (2)—
(a) may include provision for the purposes of or in consequence of, or for
giving full effect to, provision made by the order;
(b) may include such incidental, supplemental, transitional or
consequential provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit.
(4) An order under subsection (2) does not cease to have effect, and power to vary
or revoke the order does not cease to be exercisable, just because either or eachof the conditions in subsection (1)(b) and (c) ceases to be satisfied in relation tothe function and decisions concerned.
34 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Northern 
Ireland
(1) Subsection (2) applies if—
(a) a function is transferred under secti on 30(1)(a), (c), (d) or (e) in relation
to England (whether or not also in relation to Wales) but is nottransferred under section 30(1) in relation to Northern Ireland,
(b) an appeal may be made to the Upper Tribunal against any decision, or
any decision of a particular description, made in exercising thetransferred function in relation to England, and
(c) no appeal may be made against a corresponding decision made in
exercising the function in relation to Northern Ireland.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by order provide for an appeal against any such
corresponding decision to be made to the Upper Tribunal.
(3) An order under subsection (2)—
(a) may include provision for the purposes of or in consequence of, or for
giving full effect to, provision made by the order;
(b) may include such incidental, supplemental, transitional or
consequential provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit.
(4) An order under subsection (2) does not cease to have effect, and power to vary
or revoke the order does not cease to be exercisable, just because either or eachof the conditions in subsection (1)(b) and (c) ceases to be satisfied in relation tothe function and decisions concerned.
35 Transfer of Ministerial responsibilities for certain tribunals
(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order—
(a) transfer any relevant function, so far as that function is exercisable by a
Minister of the Crown—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions29
(i) to the Lord Chancellor, or
(ii) to two (or more) Ministers of the Crown of whom one is the
Lord Chancellor;
(b) provide for any relevant function that is exercisable by a Minister of the
Crown other than the Lord Chancellor to be exercisable by the otherMinister of the Crown concurrently with the Lord Chancellor;
(c) provide for any relevant function that is exercisable by the Lord
Chancellor concurrently with another Mi nister of the Crown to cease to
be exercisable by the other Minister of the Crown.
(2) In this section “relevant function” means a function, in relation to a scheduled
tribunal, which relates—
(a) to the operation of the tribunal (including, in particular, its
membership, administration, staff, acc ommodation and funding, and
payments to its members or staff), or
(b) to the provision of expenses and allowances to persons attending the
tribunal or attending elsewhere in connection with proceedings beforethe tribunal.
(3) In subsection (2) “scheduled tribunal” means a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6
that has effect for the purposes of this section.
(4) A relevant function may not be transferred under subsection (1) if, or to the
extent that, the provision conferring the function—
(a) would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament
if it were included in an Act of that Parliament, or
(b) would be within the legislative competence of the Northern Ireland
Assembly if it were included in an Act of that Assembly.
(5) Subsection (4) does not apply to any relevant function of the Secretary of
State—
(a) under section 41 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (c. 39) (appeals), or
(b) under section 7 of the Estate Agents Act 1979 (c. 38) (appeals).
(6) Any reference in subsection (1) to a Minister of the Crown includes a reference
to a Minister of the Crown acting jointly.
(7) An order under subsection (1)—
( a ) m a y  r e l a t e  t o  a  f u n c t i o n  e i t h e r  w h o l l y  o r  i n  c a s e s  ( i n c l u d i n g  c a s e s
framed by reference to areas) specified in the order;
(b) may include provision for the purposes of, or in consequence of, or for
giving full effect to, the transfer or (as the case may be) other change asregards exercise;
(c) may include such incidental, supplementary, transitional or
consequential provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit;
(d) may include provision for the transfer of any property, rights or
liabilities of the person who loses functions or whose functions becomeshared with the Lord Chancellor.
(8) An order under subsection (1), so far as it—
(a) provides under paragraph (a) for the transfer of a function, or
(b) provides under paragraph (b) for a function to become exercisable by
the Lord Chancellor, or 
(c) provides under paragraph (c) for a function to cease to be exercisable
by a Minister of the Crown other than the Lord Chancellor,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions30
may not, after that transfer or other change has taken place, be revoked by
another order under that subsection.
(9) Section 1 of the 1975 Act (power to transfer Ministerial functions) does not
apply to a function of the Lord Chancellor—
(a) so far as it is a function transferred to the Lord Chancellor under
subsection (1)(a),
(b) so far as it is a function exercisable by the Lord Chancellor as a result of
provision under subsection (1)(b), or
(c) so far as it is a function  that has become exercisable by the Lord
Chancellor alone as a result of provision under subsection (1)(c).
(10) In this section—
 “Minister of the Crown” has the mean ing given by section 8(1) of the 1975
Act but includes the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue andCustoms;
“the 1975 Act” means the Ministers of the Crown Act 1975 (c. 26).
36 Transfer of powers to make procedural rules for certain tribunals
(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order transfer any power to make procedural
rules for a scheduled tribunal to— 
(a) himself, or
(b) the Tribunal Procedure Committee.
(2) A power may not be transferred under subsection (1) if, or to the extent that,
the provision conferring the power—
(a) would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament
if it were included in an Act of that Parliament, or
(b) would be within the legislative competence of the Northern Ireland
Assembly if it were included in an Act of that Assembly.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to—
(a) power conferred by section 40A(3) or 41(2) of the Consumer Credit Act
1974 (c. 39) (power to make provision with respect to appeals), or
(b) power conferred by section 7(3) of the Estate Agents Act 1979 (c. 38)
(duty of Secretary of State to make regulations with respect to appealsunder section 7(1) of that Act).
(4) An order under subsection (1)(b)—
(a) may not alter any parliamentary procedure relating to the making of
the procedural rules concerned, but
(b) may otherwise include provision for the purpose of assimilating the
procedure for making them to the procedure for making TribunalProcedure Rules.
(5) An order under subsection (1)(b) may inc lude provision requiring the Tribunal
Procedure Committee to make procedural rules for purposes notified to it bythe Lord Chancellor.
(6) An order under this section—
(a) may relate to a power either wh olly or in cases (including cases framed
by reference to areas) specified in the order;
(b) may include provision for the purposes of or in consequence of, or for
giving full effect to, the transfer;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions31
(c) may include such incidental, supplementary, transitional or
consequential provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit.
(7) A power to make procedural rules for a tribunal that is exercisable by the
Tribunal Procedure Committee by virtue of an order under this section mustbe exercised by the committee with a view to securing—
(a) that the system for deciding matters within the jurisdiction of that
tribunal is accessible and fair,
(b) that proceedings before that tribunal are handled quickly and
efficiently,
(c) that the rules are both simple and simply expressed, and
(d) that the rules where appropriate confer on persons who are, or who are
members of, that tribunal responsibility for ensuring that proceedingsbefore that tribunal are handled quickly and efficiently.
(8) In this section—
“procedural rules”, in relation to a tribunal, means provision (whether
called rules or not) regulating practice or procedure before the tribunal;
“scheduled tribunal” means a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6 that has effect
for the purposes of this section.
37 Power to amend lists of tribunals in Schedule 6
(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order amend Schedule 6—
(a) for the purpose of adding a tribunal to a list in the Schedule;
(b) for the purpose of removing a tribunal from a list in the Schedule;
(c) for the purpose of removing a list from the Schedule;
(d) for the purpose of adding to the Schedule a list of tribunals that has
effect for the purposes of any one or more of sections 30, 32(3), 35 and36.
(2) The following rules apply to the exercise of power under subsection (1)—
(a) a tribunal may not be added to a list, or be in an added list, if the
tribunal is established other wise than by or under an enactment;
(b) a tribunal established by an enactment passed or made after the last day
of the Session in which this Act is passed must not be added to a list, orbe in an added list, that has effect for the purposes of section 30;
(c) if any relevant function is exercisable in relation to a tribunal by the
Welsh Ministers (whether by the Welsh Ministers alone, or by theWelsh Ministers jointly or concurrently with any other person), thetribunal may be added to a list, or be in an added list, only with theconsent of the Welsh Ministers;
(d) a tribunal may be in  more than one list.
(3) In subsection (2)(c) “relevant function”, in relation to a tribunal, means a
function which relates—
(a) to the operation of the tribunal (including, in particular, its
membership, administration, staff, acc ommodation and funding, and
payments to its members or staff), or
(b) to the provision of expenses and allowances to persons attending the
tribunal or attending elsewhere in connection with proceedings beforethe tribunal.
(4) In subsection (1) “tribunal” does not include an ordinary court of law.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 3 — Transfer of tribunal functions32
(5) In this section “enactment” means any enactment whenever passed or made,
including an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (within the
meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978 (c. 30)).
38 Orders under sections 30 to 36: supplementary
( 1 ) P r o v i s i o n  i n  a n  o r d e r  u n d e r  a n y  o f  s e c t i o n s  3 0  t o  3 6  m a y  t a k e  t h e  f o r m  o f
amendments, repeals or revocations of enactments.
(2) In this section “enactment” means any enactment whenever passed or made,
including an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (within the
meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978).
(3) Any power to extend enactments to a territory outside the United Kingdom
shall have effect as if it included—
(a) power to extend those enactments as they have effect with any
amendments and repeals made in them by orders under any of sections30 to 36, and
(b) power to extend those enactments as if any amendments and repeals
made in them under those sections had not been made.
C
HAPTER  4
ADMINISTRATIVE  MATTERS  IN RESPECT  OF CERTAIN  TRIBUNALS
39 The general duty
(1) The Lord Chancellor is under a duty to ensure that there is an efficient and
effective system to support the carrying on of the business of—
(a) the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) the Upper Tribunal,
(c) employment tribunals,
(d) the Employment Appeal Tribunal, and
(e) the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal,
and that appropriate services are provided for those tribunals (referred to in
this section and in sections 40  and 41 as “the tribunals”).
(2) Any reference in this section, or in section 40 or 41, to the Lord Chancellor’s
general duty in relation to the tribunals is to his duty under subsection (1).
(3) The Lord Chancellor must annually pr epare and lay before each House of
Parliament a report as to the way in which he has discharged his general dutyin relation to the tribunals.
40 Tribunal staff and services
(1) The Lord Chancellor may appoint such staff as appear to him appropriate for
the purpose of discharging his general duty in relation to the tribunals.
(2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), the Lord Chancellor may enter into such
contracts with other persons for the provision, by them or their sub-contractors, of staff or services as appear to him appropriate for the purpose ofdischarging his general duty in relation to the tribunals.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 4 — Administrative matters in respect of certain tribunals33
(3) The Lord Chancellor may not enter into contracts for the provision of staff to
discharge functions which involve making judicial decisions or exercising anyjudicial discretion.
(4) The Lord Chancellor may not enter into contracts for the provision of staff to
carry out the administrative work of the tribunals unless an order made by theLord Chancellor author ises him to do so.
(5) Before making an order under subsection (4) the Lord Chancellor must consult
the Senior President of Tribunals as to what effect (if any) the order might haveon the proper and efficient administration of justice.
(6) An order under subsection (4) may authorise the Lord Chancellor to enter into
contracts for the provision of staff to discharge functions—
(a) wholly or to the extent specified in the order,
(b) generally or in cases or areas specified in the order, and
(c) unconditionally or subject to the fulfilment of conditions specified in
the order.
41 Provision of accommodation
(1) The Lord Chancellor may provide, equip, maintain and manage such tribunal
buildings, offices and other accommodation as appear to him appropriate forthe purpose of discharging his general duty in relation to the tribunals.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may enter into such arrangements for the provision,
equipment, maintenance or managem ent of tribunal buildings, offices or other
accommodation as appear to him appropriate for the purpose of discharginghis general duty in relation to the tribunals.
(3) The powers under—
(a) section 2 of the Commissioners of Works Act 1852 (c. 28) (acquisition by
agreement), and
(b) section 228(1) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c. 8)
(compulsory acquisition),
to acquire land necessary for the public service are to be treated as including
power to acquire land for the purpose of its provision under arrangementsentered into under subsection (2).
(4) In this section “tribunal building” mea ns any place where any of the tribunals
sits, including the precincts of any building in which it sits.
42 Fees
(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order prescribe fees payable in respect of—
(a) anything dealt with by the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) anything dealt with by the Upper Tribunal,
(c) anything dealt with by the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal,
(d) anything dealt with by an added tribunal, and
(e) mediation conducted by staff appointed under section 40(1).
(2) An order under subsection (1) may, in particular, contain provision as to—
(a) scales or rates of fees;
(b) exemptions from or reductions in fees;
(c) remission of fees in whole or in part.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 4 — Administrative matters in respect of certain tribunals34
(3) In subsection (1)(d) “added tribunal” means a tribunal specified in an order
made by the Lord Chancellor.
(4) A tribunal may be specified in an order under subsection (3) only if—
(a) it is established by or under an enactment, whenever passed or made,
and
(b) is not an ordinary court of law.
(5) Before making an order under this section, the Lord Chancellor must consult—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, and
(b) the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council.
(6) The making of an order under subsection (1) requires the consent of the
Treasury except where the order contains provision only for the purpose ofaltering amounts payable by way of fees already prescribed under thatsubsection.
(7) The Lord Chancellor must take such steps as are reasonably practicable to
bring information about fees under subsection (1) to the attention of personslikely to have to pay them.
(8) Fees payable under subsection (1) are recoverable summarily as a civil debt.(9) Subsection (8) does not apply to the recovery in Scotland of fees payable under
this section.
(10) Until the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council first has ten members
appointed under paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 7, the reference to that council insubsection (5) is to be read as a reference to the Council on Tribunals.
43 Report by Senior President of Tribunals
(1) Each year the Senior President of Tribunals must give the Lord Chancellor a
report covering, in relation to relevant tribunal cases—
(a) matters that the Senior President of Tribunals wishes to bring to the
attention of the Lord Chancellor, and
(b) matters that the Lord Chancellor has asked the Senior President of
Tribunals to cover in the report.
(2) The Lord Chancellor must publish each report given to him under subsection
(1).
(3) In this section “relevant tribunal cases” means—
(a) cases coming before the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) cases coming before th e Upper Tribunal,
(c) cases coming before the Employment Appeal Tribunal, and
(d) cases coming before employment tribunals.
C
HAPTER  5
OVERSIGHT  OF ADMINISTRATIVE  JUSTICE  SYSTEM , TRIBUNALS  AND  INQUIRIES
44 The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
(1) There is to be a council to be known as the Administrative Justice and Tribunals
Council. Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 5 — Oversight of administrative justice system, tribunals and inquiries35
(2) In Schedule 7—
Part 1 makes provision about members hip and committees of the Council,
Part 2 makes provision about functions of the Council,Part 3 requires the Council to be consulted before procedural rules for
certain tribunals are made, confirmed etc., and
Part 4 contains interpretative provisions.
45 Abolition of the Council on Tribunals
(1) The following are abolished—
(a) the Council on Tribunals, and
(b) the Scottish Committee of the Council on Tribunals.
(2) In consequence of subsection (1), sections 1 to 4 of the Tribunals and Inquiries
Act 1992 (c. 53) cease to have effect.
(3) The Lord Chancellor may by order transfer to the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council the property, rights and liabilities of—
(a) the Council on Tribunals;
(b) the Scottish Committee of the Council on Tribunals.
C
HAPTER  6
SUPPLEMENTARY
46 Delegation of functions by Lord Chief Justice etc.
(1) The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales may nominate a judicial office
holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) toexercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (2).
(2) The provisions are—
paragraphs 3(4) and 6(3)(a) of Schedule 2;paragraphs 3(4) and 6(3)(a) of Schedule 3;
paragraphs 2(2) and 5(5) of Schedule 4;
paragraphs 21(2), 22, 24 and 25(2)(a) of Schedule 5.
(3) The Lord President of the Court of Session may nominate any of the following
to exercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (4)—
(a) a judge who is a member of the First or Second Division of the Inner
House of the Court of Session;
(b) the Senior President of Tribunals.
(4) The provisions are—
paragraphs 3(2) and 6(3)(b) of Schedule 2;
paragraphs 3(2) and 6(3)(b) of Schedule 3;paragraphs 2(3) and 5(6) of Schedule 4;
paragraphs 23, 24, 25(2)(b) and (c) and 28(1)(b) of Schedule 5.
(5) The Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland may nominate any of the following
to exercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (6)—
(a) the holder of one of the offices listed in Schedule 1 to the Justice
(Northern Ireland) Act 2002 (c. 26);Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 6 — Supplementary36
(b) a Lord Justice of Appeal (as defined in section 88 of that Act);
(c) the Senior President of Tribunals.
(6) The provisions are—
paragraphs 3(3) and 6(3)(c) of Schedule 2;paragraphs 3(3) and 6(3)(c) of Schedule 3;
paragraphs 2(4) and 5(7) of Schedule 4;
paragraphs 24 and 25(2)(c) of Schedule 5.
47 Co-operation in relation to judicial training, guidance and welfare
(1) Persons with responsibilities in connection with a courts-related activity, and
persons with responsibilities in connection with the corresponding tribunalsactivity, must co-operate with each other in relation to the carrying-on of thoseactivities.
(2) In this section “courts-related activity” and “corresponding tribunals activity”
are to be read as follows—
(a) making arrangements for training of judiciary of a territory is a courts-
related activity, and the corresponding tribunals activity is makingarrangements for training of tribunal members;
(b) making arrangements for guidance of judiciary of a territory is a courts-
related activity, and the corresponding tribunals activity is makingarrangements for guidance of tribunal members;
(c) making arrangements for the welfare of judiciary of a territory is a
courts-related activity, and the corresponding tribunals activity ismaking arrangements for the welfare of tribunal members.
(3) Subsection (1) applies to a person who has responsibilities in connection with
a courts-related activity only if—
(a) the person is the chief justice of the territory concerned, or
(b) what the person does in discharging those responsibilities is done
(directly or indirectly) on behalf of the chief justice of that territory.
(4) Subsection (1) applies to a person who has responsibilities in connection with
a corresponding tribunals activity only if—
(a) the person is the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) what the person does in discharging those responsibilities is done
(directly or indirectly) on behalf of the Senior President of Tribunals.
(5) For the purposes of this section—
(a) “territory” means—
(i) England and Wales,
(ii) Scotland, or
(iii) Northern Ireland;
(b) the “chief justice”—
(i) of England and Wales is the Lord Chief Justice of England and
Wales,
(ii) of Scotland is the Lord President of the Court of Session, and
(iii) of Northern Ireland is the Lord Chief Justice of Northern
Ireland;
(c) a person is a “tribunal member” if the person is—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 6 — Supplementary37
(i) a judge, or other member, of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper
Tribunal,
(ii) a judge, or other member, of the Employment Appeal Tribunal,
(iii) a member of a panel of members of employment tribunals
(whether or not a panel of chairmen), or
(iv) any member of the Asylu m and Immigration Tribunal.
48 Consequential and other amendments, and transitional provisions
(1) Schedule 8, which makes—
amendments consequential on provisions of this Part, and
other amendments in connection wi th tribunals and inquiries,
has effect.
(2) Schedule 9, which contains transitional provisions, has effect.
49 Orders and regulations under Part 1: supplemental and procedural provisions
(1) Power—
(a) of the Lord Chancellor to make an order, or regulations, under this Part,
(b) of the Senior President of Tribunals to make an order under section
7(9), or
(c) of the Scottish Ministers, or the Welsh Ministers, to make an order
under paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7,
is exercisable by statutory instrument.
(2) The Statutory Instruments Act 1946 (c. 36) shall apply in relation to the power
to make orders conferred on the Senior President of Tribunals by section 7(9)as if the Senior President of Tribunals were a Minister of the Crown.
(3) Any power mentioned in subsection (1) includes power to make different
provision for different purposes.
(4) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3), power to make an order
under section 30 or 31 includes power to make different provision in relationto England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland respectively. 
(5) No order mentioned in subsection (6) is to be made unless a draft of the
statutory instrument containing it (whether alone or with other provision) has
been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
(6) Those orders are—
(a) an order under section 11(8), 13(6) or (14), 30, 31(1), 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37
or 42(3);
(b) an order under paragraph 15 of Schedule 4;
(c) an order under section 42(1)(a) to (d) that provides for fees to be
payable in respect of things for which fees have never been payable;
(d) an order under section 31(2), (7) or (9), or paragraph 30(1) of Schedule
5, that contains provision taking the form of an amendment or repeal ofan enactment comprised in an Act.
(7) A statutory instrument that—
(a) contains—
(i) an order mentioned in subsection (8), orTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries
Chapter 6 — Supplementary38
(ii) regulations under Part 3 of Schedule 9, and
(b) is not subject to any requirement that a draft of the instrument be laid
before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament,
is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of
Parliament.
(8) Those orders are—
(a) an order made by the Lord Chancellor under this Part;
(b) an order made by the Senior President of Tribunals under section 7(9).
(9) A statutory instrument that contains an order made by the Scottish Ministers
under paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7 is subject to annulment in pursuance of aresolution of the Scottish Parliament.
(10) A statutory instrument that contains an order made by the Welsh Ministers
under paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7 is subject to annulment in pursuance of aresolution of the National Assembly for Wales.
P
ART 2
JUDICIAL  APPOINTMENTS
50 Judicial appointments: “judicial-appointment eligibility condition”
(1) Subsection (2) applies for the purposes of any statutory provision that—
(a) relates to an office or other position, and
(b) refers to a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on an N-year basis (where  N is the number stated in the
provision).
(2) A person satisfies that condition on an N-year basis if—
(a) the person has a relevant qualification, and
(b) the total length of the person’s qualifying periods is at least N years.
(3) In subsection (2) “qualifying period”, in relation to a person, means a period
during which the person—
(a) has a relevant qualification, and
(b) gains experience in law (see section 52).
(4) For the purposes of subsections (2) and (3), a person has a relevant qualification
if the person—
(a) is a solicitor or a barrister (but see section 51), or
(b) holds a qualification that under section 51(1) is a relevant qualification
in relation to the office, or other position, concerned.
(5) In this section—
“barrister” means barrister in England and Wales;“solicitor” means solicitor of the Senior Courts of England and Wales;
“statutory provision” means—
(a) a provision of an Act, or
(b) a provision of subordinate legislation (within the meaning
given by section 21(1) of the Interpretation Act 1978 (c. 30)).
(6) Schedule 10, which makes amendments—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments39
for the purpose of substituting references to satisfying the judicial-
appointment eligibility condition in place of references to having aqualification mentioned in section 71 of the Courts and Legal ServicesAct 1990 (c. 41),
for the purpose of reducing qualifying periods for eligibility for
appointment to certain judicial offices from ten and seven years toseven and five years respectively, and
for connected purposes,
has effect.
(7) At any time before the coming into force of section 59(1) of the Constitutional
Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (renaming of Supreme Court), the reference to the SeniorCourts in subsection (5) is to be read as a reference to the Supreme Court.
51 “Relevant qualification” in section 50: further provision
(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order pr ovide for a qualification specified in the
order to be a relevant qualification for the purposes of section 50(2) and (3) in
relation to an office or other position specified in the order.
(2) A qualification may be specified un der subsection (1) only if it is one
awarded—
(a) by the Institute of Legal Executives, or
(b) by a body other than the Institute of Legal Executives that, when the
qualification is specified, is designated by Order in Council as anauthorised body for the purposes of section 27 or 28 of the Courts andLegal Services Act 1990 (bodies authorised to confer rights of audienceor rights to conduct litigation).
(3) An order under subsection (1) may, in r elation to a qualification specified in the
order, include provision as to when a person who holds the qualification is, forthe purposes of section 50, to be taken first to have held it.
(4) Where—
(a) a qualification is specified under subsection (1),
(b) the qualification is one awarded by a body such as is mentioned in
subsection (2)(b), and
(c) after the qualification is specified under subsection (1), it becomes the
case that the body —
(i) is not designated for the purposes of section 27 of the Courts
and Legal Services Act 1990, and
(ii) is not designated for the purposes of section 28 of that Act,
the provision under subsection (1) specifying the qualification ceases to have
effect, subject to any provision made under paragraph 33(1) of Schedule 4 tothat Act (transitional and incidental provision in connection with revocation ofauthorised body’s designation).
(5) For the purposes of section 50 and this section, a person shall be taken first to
become a solicitor when the person’s name is entered on the roll kept undersection 6 of the Solicitors Act 1974 (c. 47) (Law Society to keep list of allsolicitors) for the first time after the person’s admission as a solicitor.
(6) For the purposes of section 50 and this section, a person shall be taken first to
become a barrister—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments40
(a) when the person completes pupillage in connection with becoming a
barrister, or
(b) in the case of a person not required to undertake pupillage in
connection with becoming a barrister, when the person is called to theBar of England and Wales.
(7) For the purposes of section 50—
(a) a barrister,
(b) a solicitor, or
(c) a person who holds a qualification specified under subsection (1),
shall be taken not to have a relevant qualification at times when, as a result of
disciplinary proceedings, he is prevented from practising as a barrister or (asthe case may be) as a solicitor or as a holder of the specified qualification.
(8) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision supplementing or
amending subsections (5) to (7).
(9) Before making an order under subsection (1) or (8), the Lord Chancellor must
consult—
(a) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, and
(b) the Judicial Appointments Commission.
(10) The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales may nominate a judicial office
holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4))to exercise his function under subsection (9)(a).
(11) In this section—
“barrister” means barrister in England and Wales;“solicitor” means solicitor of the Senior Courts of England and Wales.
(12) Power to make an order under this section is exercisable by statutory
instrument.
(13) An order under this section may make different provision for different
purposes.
(14) No order may be made under this section unless a draft of the statutory
instrument containing it (whether alone or with other provision) has been laidbefore, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
(15) At any time before the coming into force of section 59(1) of the Constitutional
Reform Act 2005 (renaming of Supreme Court) , the reference to the Senior
Courts in subsection (11) is to be read as a reference to the Supreme Court.
52 Meaning of “gain experience in law” in section 50
(1) This section applies for the purposes of section 50.(2) A person gains experience in law during a period if the period is one during
which the person is engaged in law-related activities.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a person’s engagement in law-related
activities during a period is to be disregarded if the engagement is negligiblein terms of the amount of time engaged.
(4) For the purposes of this section, each of the following is a “law-related
activity”—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments41
(a) the carrying-out of judicial functions of any court or tribunal;
(b) acting as an arbitrator;
(c) practice or employment as a lawyer;
(d) advising (whether or not in the course of practice or employment as a
lawyer) on the application of the law;
( e ) a s s i s t i n g  ( w h e t h e r  o r  n o t  i n  t h e  c o u r s e  o f  s u c h  p r a c t i c e )  p e r s o n s
involved in proceedings for the resolution of issues arising under thelaw;
(f) acting (whether or not in the course of such practice) as mediator in
connection with attempts to resolve issues that are, or if not resolvedcould be, the subject of proceedings;
(g) drafting (whether or not in the course of such practice) documents
intended to affect persons’ rights or obligations;
(h) teaching or researching law;
(i) any activity that, in the relev ant decision-maker’s opinion, is of a
broadly similar nature to an activity within any of paragraphs (a) to (h).
(5) For the purposes of this section, an activity mentioned in subsection (4) is a
“law-related activity” whether it—
(a) is done on a full-time or part-time basis;
(b) is or is not done for remuneration;
(c) is done in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.
(6) In subsection (4)(i) “the relevant decision-maker”, in relation to determining
whether a person satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on anN-year basis in a particular case, means—
(a) where the condition applies in respect of appointment by Her Majesty
to an office or other position, the person whose function it is torecommend the exercise of Her Majesty’s function of makingappointments to that office or position;
(b) where the condition applies in respect of appointment, by any person
other than Her Majesty, to an office or other position, that person.
(7) In subsection (6) “appointment”, in relation to an office or position, includes
any form of selection for that office or position (whether called appointment orselection, or not).
53 Transfer from salaried to fee-paid judicial office
(1) The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) is amended as follows.
(2) After section 94 insert—
“94A Appointments not subject to section 85: courts
(1) Where this section applies to an appointment—
(a) section 85 does not apply, but
(b) the Lord Chancellor may not make the appointment without
the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice.
(2) This section applies to the appointment of a person, on a fee-paid basis,
to an office in the table below (the “proposed appointment”) if theperson—
(a) holds the corresponding qualifying office (or one of them) on a
salaried basis, orTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments42
(b) ceased to hold the corresponding qualifying office (or one of
them) within two years ending with the date when theproposed appointment takes effect and, immediately beforeceasing to hold that office, held it on a salaried basis.
(3) The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as defined
in section 109(4)) to exercise his function under subsection (1)(b).
(4) In this section “salaried” and “fee-paid” have the meaning given by
paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 7 to the Judicial Pensions and RetirementAct 1993 (c. 8).
94B Appointments not subject to section 85: tribunals
(1) Where this section applies to a recommendation or appointment—
(a) section 85 does not apply, but
(b) the Lord Chancellor may not make the recommendation or
appointment without the concurrence of the Senior President ofTribunals.
(2) In the case of the appointment of a person as a deputy judge of the
Upper Tribunal, if the person holds or has held an office listed in
section 6(1) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, theLord Chancellor must also consult the Lord Chief Justice before makingthe appointment.
(3) This section applies to, or to a recommendation to Her Majesty for, the
appointment of a person, on a fee-paid basis, to an office in the tablebelow (the “proposed appointment”) if the person—
(a) holds the corresponding qualifying office (or one of them) on a
salaried basis, or
(b) subject to subsection (4), ceased to hold the corresponding
qualifying office (or one of them) within two years ending withProposed appointment (fee-paid) Qualifying office (salaried)
An office listed in Part 2 of Schedule
14.The same office.
Deputy District Judge (Magistrates’
Courts).District Judge (Magistrates’
Courts), 
Senior District Judge (Chief
Magistrate), or
Deputy Senior District Judge (Chief
Magistrate).
Assistant Judge Advocate General,
or
a person appointed temporarily to
assist the Judge Advocate General.Judge Advocate of Her Majesty’s
Fleet,
Judge Advocate General,Vice Judge Advocate General, orAssistant Judge Advocate General.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments43
the date when the proposed appointment takes effect and,
immediately before ceasing to hold that office, held it on asalaried basis.
Proposed appointment (fee-paid) Qualifying office (salaried)
An office listed in Part 3 of Schedule
14 (other than the office of ChamberPresident or Deputy ChamberPresident of a chamber of the UpperTribunal or the First-tier Tribunal).The same office, or
a more senior office, listed in Part 3
of Schedule 14, in the same tribunalor body (but excluding the UpperTribunal and the First-tierTribunal).
Deputy Child Support
Commissioner.Chief Child Support Commissioner,
or
Child Support Commissioner.
Deputy Social Security
Commissioner.Chief Social Security
Commissioner, or
Social Security Commissioner.
Deputy judge of the Upper
Tribunal.Ordinary judge of the Court of
Appeal in England and Wales,
Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern
Ireland,
Judge of the Court of Session,Puisne judge of the High Court in
England and Wales or NorthernIreland, 
Circuit judge,Sheriff in Scotland,County court judge in Northern
Ireland,
District judge in England and Wales
or Northern Ireland, 
District Judge (Magistrates’
Courts), or
Judge of the Upper Tribunal by
virtue of any of paragraphs (a) to (f)or (i) of section 5(1) of the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments44
(4) In subsection (3)(b) the words “within two years ending with the date
when the proposed appointment takes effect” do not apply if— 
(a) the proposed appointment is to the office of deputy judge of the
Upper Tribunal, and
(b) the corresponding qualifying office is—
(i) ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England and
Wales,
(ii) Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,
(iii) judge of the Court of Session, or
(iv) puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales or
Northern Ireland.
(5) In this section “salaried” and “fee-paid” have the meaning given by
paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 7 to the Judicial Pensions and RetirementAct 1993.”
(3) After section 85(2) (restriction on  recommendations and appointments)
insert—
“(2A) This section is subject to—
(a) section 30(4) of the Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1951,
(b) sections 91(1ZB) and 102(1C) of the Supreme Court Act 1981,
(c) section 8(1ZC) of the County Courts Act 1984, and
(d) sections 94A and 94B below.”Judge of the First-tier Tribunal by
appointment under paragraph 1(1)of Schedule 2 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.Transferred-in judge of the First-tier
Tribunal (see section 31(2) of thatAct).
Other member of the First-tier
Tribunal by appointment underparagraph 2(1) of Schedule 2 to theTribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007.Transferred-in other member of the
First-tier Tribunal (see section 31(2)of that Act).
Judge of the Upper Tribunal by
appointment under paragraph 1(1)of Schedule 3 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.Transferred-in judge of the Upper
Tribunal (see section 31(2) of thatAct).
Other member of the Upper
Tribunal by appointment underparagraph 2(1) of Schedule 3 to theTribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007.Transferred-in other member of the
Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2) ofthat Act).
Deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal
by appointment under paragraph7(1) of Schedule 3 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.Deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal
under section 31(2) of that Act.Proposed appointment (fee-paid) Qualifying office (salaried)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments45
(4) After section 85(3) (power to amend Schedule 14) add—
“(4) The Lord Chancellor may by order amend section 94A or 94B if he
thinks that the amendment is consequential on an amendment made toSchedule 14 by an order under subsection (3).”
(5) Section 97 (Scotland and Northern Ireland) is amended as follows.
(6) In subsection (1)— 
(a) for “This section applies” substitute “Subsections (2) and (3) apply”,
and
(b) after paragraph (c) insert—
“(ca) section 94B(2);”.
(7) After subsection (3) add—
“(4) Subsections (2) and (3) apply to the reference in section 94A(1) to the
Lord Chancellor obtaining the concurre nce of the Lord Chief Justice as
they apply to a reference in a provision specified in subsection (1) to theLord Chancellor consulting the Lord Chief Justice.
(5) The Lord President of the Court of Session may nominate any of the
following to exercise his function under section 94A(1)(b)—
(a) a judge who is a member of the First or Second Division of the
Inner House of the Court of Session;
(b) the Senior President of Tribunals.
(6) The Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ir eland may nominate any of the
following to exercise his function under section 94A(1)(b)—
(a) the holder of one of the offices listed in Schedule 1 to the Justice
(Northern Ireland) Act 2002;
(b) a Lord Justice of Appeal (as defined in section 88 of that Act);
(c) the Senior President of Tribunals.”
54 Continuation of judicial office after normal retirement date
(1) Section 26 of the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8) (retirement
date for holders of certain judicial offices etc.) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (12), in the definition of “the appropriate person”, after
paragraph (c) insert “;
(d) the Senior President of Tribunals in the case of a person who
holds a judicial office that—
(i) is specified in subsection (12A) below, and
(ii) is not in the person’s case an office to which any of
paragraphs (a) to (c) above applies;
(e) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales in the case of a
person who holds a judicial office that is not in the person’s casean office to which any of paragraphs (a) to (d) applies;”.
(3) After subsection (12) insert—
“(12A) The judicial offices mentioned in paragraph (d) of the definition of
“appropriate person” in subsection (12) above are—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments46
(a) Chamber President, or Deputy Chamber President, of a
chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or of a chamber of the UpperTribunal;
(b) judge, or other member, of the First-tier Tribunal or of the
Upper Tribunal appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1) ofSchedule 2 or 3 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act2007 (“the 2007 Act”);
(c) deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal appointed under
paragraph 7(1) of Schedule 3 to the 2007 Act, except in a casewhere the holding of the office by the person in question fallswithin subsection (7)(ga) above;
(d) transferred-in judge, or transferred-in other member, of the
First-tier Tribunal or of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2) ofthe 2007 Act);
(e) deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of an order under
section 31(2) of the 2007 Act;
(f) an office held by a person if the person’s holding of the office
results in the person being a member of, or person who is, atribunal in a list in Schedule 6 to  the 2007 Act that has effect for
the purposes of section 30 of that Act (but only if the office isspecified in Schedule 5 to this Act);
(g) President or other member  of the Asylum and Immigration
Tribunal;
(h) member of the Employment Appeal Tribunal appointed under
section 22(1)(c) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996;
(i) member of a panel of chairmen of employment tribunals.
(12B) Neither paragraph (d) nor paragraph (e) of the definition of
“appropriate person” in subsection (12) above applies to an office heldby a person if provision about that person’s continuation in the officeafter the compulsory retirement date for the office—
(a) would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish
Parliament if it were included in an Act of that Parliament, or
(b) would be within the legislative competence of the Northern
Ireland Assembly if it were  included in an Act of that
Assembly.”
(4) In subsection (13) (Lord Chief Justices to exercise functions under section with
concurrence of Lord Chancellor), after “Northern Ireland” insert “or the SeniorPresident of Tribunals”.
55 Appointment of deputy Circuit judges
In section 24(1) of the Courts Act 1971 (c. 23) (appointment of deputy Circuit
judges and assistant recorders) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) the Lord Chancellor may, with the concurrence of the Lord
Chief Justice, appoint to be a deputy Circuit judge, during suchperiod or on such occasions as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit,any person who has held office as a judge of the Court of Appealor of the High Court or as a Circuit judge;”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments47
56 Appointment of deputy district judges, etc.
Schedule 11 (which makes amendments to the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54)
and the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) in connection with the appointment andassignment of deputy district judges and the assignment of district judges) haseffect.
57 Deputy, and temporary additional, Masters etc.
(1) Section 91 of the Supreme Court Act 1981 (which provides for persons to be
appointed as deputies for holders of, or as temporary additional officers in,certain judicial offices) is amended as set out in subsections (2) to (5).
(2) In subsection (1)—
(a) for “the Lord Chief Justice, after consulting the Lord Chancellor,”
substitute “the Lord Chancellor”, and
(b) for “the Lord Chief Justice may, after consulting the Lord Chancellor,”
substitute “the Lord Chancellor may”.
(3) After subsection (1) insert—
“(1ZA) The Lord Chancellor may not appoint a holder of relevant office under
subsection (1) without the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice.
(1ZB) Section 85 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (selection of certain
office holders) does not apply to an appointment to which subsection(1ZA) applies.
(1ZC) In this section a “holder of relevant office” means a person who holds,
or has held within two years ending with the date when hisappointment under this section takes effect—
(a) any office listed in column 1 of Part 2 or 3 of Schedule 2, or
(b) the office of district judge.”
(4) For subsection (3) substitute—
“(3) An appointment under this section may extend until the day on which
a person attains the age of seventy-five years if it is an appointment ofa holder of relevant office.”
(5) In subsection (7) for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection (1ZA)”.
(6) In section 92(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 after “this section” insert “, to
section 91(3)”.
(7) In Part 2 of Schedule 14 to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (which lists
appointments to certain offices in relation to which the procedure in sections86 to 93, and section 96, of that Act applies), after the entry for an assistantrecorder appointed under section 24(1) of the Courts Act 1971 (c. 23), insert theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments48
following entry—
58 Appointment of temporary assistants to Judge Advocate General
After section 30(2) of the Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1951 (c. 46) (temporary
assistants to Judge Advocate General) insert—
“(3) The Lord Chancellor may not appoint a holder of relevant office under
subsection (2) without the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice ofEngland and Wales.
(4) Section 85 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (selection of certain
office holders) does not apply to an appointment to which subsection(3) applies.
(5) In subsection (3) “holder of relevant office” means a person who has,
within the two years ending with the day on which this subsectioncomes into force, been appointed as judge advocate to a court-martialunder—
(a) section 84B of the Army Act 1955,
(b) section 84B of the Air Force Act 1955, or
(c) section 53B of the Naval Discipline Act 1957.”
59 Members and chairmen of certain Appeals Commissions
In Part 3 of Schedule 14 to the Constitut ional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (which lists
appointments to certain offices in relation to which the procedure in sections86 to 93, and section 96, of that Act applies), omit the entries relating to—
Member of the Special Immigr ation Appeals Commission (appointed
under paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 1 to the Special Immigration AppealsCommission Act 1997 (c. 68));
Chairman of the Special Immigr ation Appeals Commission (appointed
under paragraph 2 of that Schedule);
Member of the Proscribed Organisations Appeal Commission (appointed
under paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3 to the Terrorism Act 2000 (c. 11));
Chairman of the Proscribed Organisations Appeal Commission
(appointed under paragraph 1(2) of that Schedule);
Member of the Pathogens Access Appeal Commission (appointed under
paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 6 to the Anti-terrorism, Crime and SecurityAct 2001 (c. 24));
Chairman of the Pathogens Access Appeal Commission (appointed under
paragraph 1(2) of that Schedule).“Person appointed by the
Lord Chancellor as a deputyfor a holder of, or as atemporary additional officerin, an office listed in column 1of Part 2 of Schedule 2 to theSupreme Court Act 1981Section 91(1) of the Supreme
Court Act 1981, unlesssubsection (1ZA) of that sectionapplies to the appointment”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 2 — Judicial appointments49
60 Appointment as Chairman of Law Commission
(1) Section 1 of the Law Commissions Act 1965 (c. 22) is amended as follows.(2) After subsection (1) insert—
“(1A) The person appointed to be the Chai rman shall be a person who holds
office as a judge of the High Court or Court of Appeal in England andWales.”
(3) In subsection (2) before “Commissioners” insert “the other”.
61 Orders permitting disclosures to Judicial Appointments Commission
In section 90(5)(a) of the Justice ( Northern Ireland) Act 2002 (c. 26) (which
provides that certain orders under that Act are subject to annulment inpursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament), after “section 2(2)(a)or (c),” insert “5A(6),”.
P
ART 3
ENFORCEMENT  BY TAKING  CONTROL  OF GOODS
CHAPTER  1
PROCEDURE
62 Enforcement by taking control of goods
(1) Schedule 12 applies where an enactment, writ or warrant confers power to use
the procedure in that Schedule (taking control of goods and selling them torecover a sum of money).
(2) The power conferred by a writ or warrant of control to recover a sum of money,
and any power conferred by a writ or warrant of possession or delivery to takecontrol of goods and sell them to recover a sum of money, is exercisable onlyby using that procedure.
(3) Schedule 13—
(a) amends some powers previously called powers to distrain, so that they
become powers to use that procedure;
(b) makes other amendments relating to Schedule 12 and to distress or
execution.
(4) The following are renamed—
(a) writs of fieri facias, except writs of fieri facias de bonis ecclesiasticis, are
renamed writs of control;
(b) warrants of execution are renamed warrants of control;
(c) warrants of distress, unless the power they confer is exercisable only
against specific goods, are renamed warrants of control.
63 Enforcement agents
(1) This section and section 64 apply for the purposes of Schedule 12.
(2) An individual may act as an enforcement agent only if one of these applies—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 1 — Procedure50
(a) he acts under a certificate under section 64;
(b) he is exempt;
(c) he acts in the presence and under the direction of a person to whom
paragraph (a) or (b) applies.
(3) An individual is exempt if he acts in the course of his duty as one of these—
(a) a constable;
(b) an officer of Revenue and Customs;
(c) a person appointed under section 2(1) of the Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)
(court officers and staff).
(4) An individual is exempt if he acts in the course of his duty as an officer of a
government department.
(5) For the purposes of an enforcement power conferred by a warrant, an
individual is exempt if in relation to the warrant he is a civilian enforcementofficer, as defined in section 125A of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43).
(6) A person is guilty of an offence if, knowingly or recklessly, he purports to act
as an enforcement agent without being authorised to do so by subsection (2).
(7) A person guilty of an offence un der this section is liable on summary
conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.
64 Certificates to act as an enforcement agent
(1) A certificate may be issued under this section—
(a) by a judge assigned to a county court district;
(b) in prescribed circum stances, by a district judge.
(2) The Lord Chancellor must make regulations about certificates under this
section.
(3) The regulations may in particular include provision—
(a) for fees to be charged for applications;
(b) for certificates to be issued subject to conditions, including the giving of
security;
(c) for certificates to be limited to purposes specified by or under the
regulations;
(d) about complaints against holders of certificates;
(e) about suspension and cancellation of certificates;
(f) to modify or supplement Schedule 12 for cases where a certificate is
suspended or cancelled or expires;
(g) requiring courts to make information  available relating to certificates.
(4) A certificate under section 7 of the Law of Distress Amendment Act 1888 (c. 21)
which is in force on th e coming into force of this section has effect as a
certificate under this section, subject to any provision made by regulations.
65 Common law rules replaced
(1) This Chapter replaces the common law rules about the exercise of the powers
which under it become powers to use the procedure in Schedule 12.
(2) The rules replaced include—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 1 — Procedure51
(a) rules distinguishing between an illegal , an irregular and an excessive
exercise of a power;
(b) rules that would entitle a person to bring proceedings of a kind for
which paragraph 66 of Schedule 12 provides (remedies available to thedebtor);
(c) rules of replevin;
(d) rules about rescuing goods.
66 Pre-commencement enforcement not affected
Where—
(a) by any provision of this Part a power becomes a power to use the
procedure in Schedule 12, and
(b) before the commencement of that provision, goods have been
distrained or executed against, or made subject to a walking possessionagreement, under the power,
this Part does not affect the continuing exercise of the power in relation to those
goods.
67 Transfer of county court enforcement
In section 85(2) of the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) (under which writs of
control give the district judge, formerly called the registrar, power to executejudgments or orders for payment of money) for “the registrar shall be”substitute “any person authorised by or on behalf of the Lord Chancellor is”.
68 Magistrates’ courts warrants of control
In the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43) after section 125 insert—“125ZA Warrants of control
(1) This section applies to a warrant of control issued by a justice of the
peace.
(2) The person to whom it is directed must endorse the warrant as soon as
possible after receiving it.
(3) For the purposes of this section a person endorses a warrant by
inserting on the back the date and time when he received it.
(4) No fee may be charged for endorsing a warrant under this section.”
69 County court warrants of control etc.
For section 99 of the County Courts Act 1984 substitute—“99 Endorsement of warrants of control etc.
(1) This section applies to—
(a) a warrant of control issued under section 85(2);
(b) a warrant of delivery or of possession, but only if it includes a
power to take control of and sell goods to recover a sum ofmoney and only for the purposes of exercising that power.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 1 — Procedure52
(2) The person to whom the warrant is directed must, as soon as possible
after receiving it, endorse it by inserting on the back the date and timewhen he received it.
(3) No fee may be charged for endorsing a warrant under this section.”
70 Power of High Court to stay execution
(1) If, at any time, the High Court is satisfied that a party to proceedings is unable
to pay—
(a) a sum recovered against him (by way of satisfaction of the claim or
counterclaim in the proceedings or by way of costs or otherwise), or
(b) any instalment of such a sum,
the court may stay the execution of any writ of control issued in the
proceedings, for whatever period and on whatever terms it thinks fit.
(2) The court may act under subsection (1) from time to time until it appears that
the cause of the inability to pay has ceased.
(3) In this section a party to proceedings includes every person, whether or not
named as a party, who is served with notice of the proceedings or attendsthem.
C
HAPTER  2
RENT ARREARS  RECOVERY
Abolition of common law right
71 Abolition of common law right
The common law right to distrain for arrears of rent is abolished.
Commercial rent arrears recovery
72 Commercial rent arrears recovery (CRAR)
(1) A landlord under a lease of commercial premises may use the procedure in
Schedule 12 (taking control of goods) to recover from the tenant rent payableunder the lease.
(2) A landlord’s power under subsection (1) is referred to as CRAR (commercial
rent arrears recovery).
73 Landlord
(1) In this Chapter “landlord”, in relation to a lease, means the person for the time
being entitled to the immediate reversion in the property comprised in thelease.
(2) That is subject to the following.(3) In the case of a tenancy by estoppel, a person is “entitled to the immediate
reversion” if he is entitled to it as between himself and the tenant.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 2 — Rent arrears recovery53
(4) If there are joint tenants of the immediate reversion, or if a number of persons
are entitled to the immediate reversion as between themselves and thetenant—
(a) “landlord” means any one of them;
(b) CRAR may be exercised to recover rent due to all of them.
(5) If the immediate reversion is mortgaged, “landlord” means—
(a) the mortgagee, if he has given notice of his intention to take possession
or enter into receipt of rents and profits;
(b) otherwise, the mortgagor.
(6) Subsection (5) applies whether the lease is made before or after the mortgage
is created, but CRAR is not exercisable by a mortgagee in relation to a lease thatdoes not bind him.
(7) Where a receiver is appointed by a court in relation to the immediate reversion,
CRAR is exercisable by the receiver in the name of the landlord.
(8) Any authorisation of a person to exercise CRAR on another’s behalf must be in
writing and must comply with any prescribed requirements.
(9) This Chapter applies to any other person entitled to exercise CRAR as it applies
to a landlord.
74 Lease
(1) “Lease” means a tenancy in law or in equity, including a tenancy at will, but
not including a tenancy at sufferance.
(2) A lease must be evidenced in writing.
(3) References to a lease are to a lease as varied from time to time (whether or not
the variation is in writing).
(4) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.
75 Commercial premises
(1) A lease (A) is of commercial premises if none of the demised premises is—
(a) let under lease A as a dwelling,
(b) let under an inferior lease (B) as a dwelling, or
(c) occupied as a dwelling.
(2) The “demised premises” in this section include an ything on them.
(3) “Let as a dwelling” means let on terms permitting only occupation as a
dwelling or other use combined with occupation as a dwelling.
(4) Premises are not within subsection (1)(b) if letting them as a dwelling is a
breach of a lease superior to lease B.
(5) Premises are not within subsection (1)(c) if occupying them as a dwelling is a
breach of lease A or a lease superior to lease A.
(6) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 2 — Rent arrears recovery54
76 Rent 
(1) “Rent” means the amount payable un der a lease (in advance or in arrear) for
possession and use of the demised premises, together with—
(a) any interest payable on that amount under the lease, and
(b) any value added tax chargeable on that amount or interest.
(2) “Rent” does not include any sum in respect of rates, council tax, services,
repairs, maintenance, insurance or other ancillary matters (whether or notcalled “rent” in the lease).
(3) The amount payable for possession and use of the demised premises, where it
is not otherwise identifiable, is to be taken to be so much of the total amountpayable under the lease as is reasonably attributable to possession and use.
(4) Where a rent is payable under or by virtue of Part 2 of the Landlord and Tenant
Act 1954 (c. 56), the amount payable under the lease for possession and use ofthose premises is to be taken to be that rent.
(5) This section applies for the purposes of th is Chapter except sections 71 and 85.
77 The rent recoverable
(1) CRAR is not exercisable except to recover rent that meets each of these
conditions—
(a) it has become due and payable before notice of enforcement is given;
(b) it is certain, or capable of being calculated with certainty.
(2) The amount of any rent recoverable by CRAR is reduced by any permitted
deduction.
(3) CRAR is exercisable only if the net unpaid rent is at least the minimum amount
immediately before each of these—
(a) the time when notice of enforcement is given;
(b) the first time that goods are taken control of after that notice.
(4) The minimum amount is to be calculated in accordance with regulations.(5) The net unpaid rent is the amount of rent that meets the conditions in
subsection (1), less—
(a) any interest or value added tax included in that amount under section
76(1)(a) or (b), and
(b) any permitted deductions.
(6) Regulations may provide for subsection (5)(a) not to apply in specified cases.
(7) Permitted deductions, against any rent, are any deduction, recoupment or set-
off that the tenant would be entitled to claim (in law or equity) in an action bythe landlord for that rent.
78 Intervention of the court
(1) If notice of enforcement is given in exercise (or purported exercise) of CRAR
the court may make either or both of these orders on the application of thetenant—
(a) an order setting aside the notice;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 2 — Rent arrears recovery55
(b) an order that no further step may be taken under CRAR, without
further order, in relation to the rent claimed.
(2) Regulations may make provision about—
(a) the further orders that may be made for the purposes of subsection
(1)(b);
(b) grounds of which the court must be satisfied before making an order or
further order.
(3) In this section “the court” means the High Court or a county court, as rules of
court may provide.
79 Use of CRAR after end of lease
(1) When the lease ends, CRAR ceases to be exercisable, with these exceptions.
(2) CRAR continues to be exercisable in relation to goods taken control of under
it—
(a) before the lease ended, or
(b) under subsection (3).
(3) CRAR continues to be exercisable in relation to rent due and payable before the
lease ended, if the conditions in subsection (4) are met.
(4) These are the conditions—
(a) the lease did not end by forfeiture;
(b) not more than 6 months has passed since the day when it ended;
(c) the rent was due from the person who was the tenant at the end of the
lease;
(d) that person remains in possession of any part of the demised premises;
(e) any new lease under which that person remains in possession is a lease
of commercial premises;
(f) the person who was the landlord at the end of the lease remains entitled
to the immediate reversion.
(5) In deciding whether a person remains in possession under a new lease, section
74(2) (lease to be evidenced in writing) does not apply.
(6) In the case of a tenancy by estoppel, the person who was the landlord remains
“entitled to the immediate reversion” if the estoppel with regard to the tenancycontinues.
(7) A lease ends when the tenant ceases to be entitled to possession of the demised
premises under the lease together with any continuation of it by operation ofan enactment or of a rule of law.
80 Agricultural holdings
(1) This section applies to the exercise of CRAR where the premises concerned are
an agricultural holding.
(2) CRAR is not exercisable to recover rent that became due more than a year
before notice of enforcement is given.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), deferred rent becomes due at the time to
which payment is deferred.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 2 — Rent arrears recovery56
(4) “Deferred rent” means rent the payment of which has been deferred, according
to the ordinary course of dealing between the landlord and the tenant, to theend of a quarter or half-year after it legally became due.
(5) The permitted deductions under section 77(7) at any time include any
compensation due to the tenant in respect of the holding, under the 1986 Act orunder custom or agreement, that has been ascertained at that time.
(6) In this section—
the “1986 Act” means the Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 (c. 5);“agricultural holding” has the meaning given by section 1 of the 1986 Act.
Right to rent from sub-tenant
81 Right to rent from sub-tenant
(1) This section applies where CRAR is exercisable by a landlord to recover rent
due and payable from a tenant (the immediate tenant).
(2) The landlord may serve a notice on any sub-tenant.(3) The notice must state the amount of rent that the landlord has the right to
recover from the immediate tenant by CRAR (the “notified amount”).
(4) When it takes effect the notice transfers to the landlord the right to recover,
receive and give a discharge for any rent payable by the sub-tenant under thesub-lease, until—
(a) the notified amount has been paid (by payments under the notice or
otherwise), or
(b) the notice is replaced or withdrawn.
(5) A notice under this section takes effect at the end of a period to be determined
by regulations.
(6) Regulations may state—
(a) the form of a notice under this section;
(b) what it must contain;
(c) how it must be served;
(d) what must be done to withdraw it.
(7) In determining for the purposes of this section whether CRAR is exercisable,
section 77 applies with these modifications—
(a) if notice of enforcement has not been given, references to that notice are
to be read as references to the notice under this section;
(b) if goods have not been taken control of, section 77(3)(b) does not apply.
(8) In this section and sections 82 to 84—
(a) “sub-tenant” means a tenant (below the immediate tenant) of any of the
premises comprised in the headlease (and “sub-lease” is to be readaccordingly);
(b) “headlease” means the lease between the landlord and the immediate
tenant.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 2 — Rent arrears recovery57
82 Off-setting payments under a notice
(1) For any amount that a sub-tenant pays under a notice under section 81, he may
deduct an equal amount from the rent that would be due to his immediatelandlord under the sub-lease.
(2) If an amount is deducted under subsection (1) or this subsection from rent due
to a superior sub-tenant, that sub-tenant may deduct an equal amount fromany rent due from him under his sub-lease.
(3) Subsection (1) applies even if the sub-tenant’s payment or part of it is not due
under the notice, if it is not due because—
(a) the notified amount has already been paid (wholly or partly otherwise
than under the notice), or
(b) the notice has been replaced by a notice served on another sub-tenant.
(4) That is subject to the following.(5) Subsection (1) does not apply if the landlord withdraws the notice before the
payment is made.
(6) Where the notified amount has already been paid (or will be exceeded by the
payment), subsection (1) does not apply (or does not apply to the excess) if thesub-tenant has notice of that when making the payment.
(7) Subsection (1) does not apply if, before the payment is made, payments under
the notice at least equal the notified amount.
(8) Subsection (1) does not apply to a part of the payment if, with the rest of the
payment, payments under the notice at least equal the notified amount.
(9) Where the notice has been replaced by one served on another sub-tenant,
subsection (1) does not apply if the sub-tenant has notice of that when makingthe payment.
83 Withdrawal and replacement of notices
(1) A notice under section 81 is replaced if the landlord serves another notice on
the same sub-tenant for a notified amount covering the same rent or part of thatrent.
(2) A notice under section 81 served on one sub-tenant is also replaced if—
(a) the landlord serves a notice on another sub-tenant for a notified amount
covering the same rent or part of that rent, and
(b) in relation to any of the premises comprised in the first sub-tenant’s
sub-lease, the second sub-tenant is an inferior or superior sub-tenant.
(3) The landlord must withdraw a notice under section 81 if any of these
happens—
(a) the notice is replaced;
(b) the notified amount is paid, unless it is paid wholly by the sub-tenant.
84 Recovery of sums due and overpayments
(1) For the purposes of the recovery of sums payable by a sub-tenant under a
notice under section 81 (including recovery by CRAR), the sub-tenant is to beTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 2 — Rent arrears recovery58
treated as the immediate tenant of the landlord, and the sums are to be treated
as rent accordingly.
(2) But those sums (as opposed to rent due from the immediate tenant) are not
recoverable by notice under section 81 served on an inferior sub-tenant.
(3) Any payment received by the landlord that the sub-tenant purports to make
under a notice under section 81, and that is not due under the notice for anyreason, is to be treated as a payment of rent by the immediate tenant, for thepurposes of the retention of the payment by the landlord and (if no rent is due)for the purposes of any claim by the immediate tenant to recover the payment.
(4) But subsection (3) does not affect any claim by the sub-tenant against the
immediate tenant.
Supplementary
85 Contracts for similar rights to be void
(1) A provision of a contract is void to the extent that it would do any of these—
(a) confer a right to seize or otherwise take control of goods to recover
amounts within subsection (2);
(b) confer a right to sell goods to recover amounts within subsection (2);
(c) modify the effect of section 72(1 ), except in accor dance with subsection
(3).
(2) The amounts are any amounts payable—
(a) as rent;
(b) under a lease (other than as rent);
(c) under an agreement collateral to a lease;
(d) under an instrument creating a rentcharge;
(e) in respect of breach of a covena nt or condition in a lease, in an
agreement collateral to a lease or in an instrument creating a
rentcharge;
(f) under an indemnity in respect of a payment within paragraphs (a) to
(e).
(3) A provision of a contract is not void under subsection (1)(c) to the extent that it
prevents or restricts the exercise of CRAR.
(4) In this section—
“lease” also includes a licence to occupy land;
“rent” and “rentcharge” have the meani ng given by section 205(1) of the
Law of Property Act 1925 (c. 20).
86 Amendments
Schedule 14 makes minor and consequential amendments (including repeals
of powers to distrain for rentcharges and other amounts within section 85(2)).
87 Interpretation of Chapter 
In this Chapter—
“landlord” has the meaning given by section 73;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods
Chapter 2 — Rent arrears recovery59
“lease” has the meaning given by section 74 (subject to section 85(4));
“notice of enforcement” means notice under paragraph 7 of Schedule 12;
“rent” (except in sections 71 and 85) has the meaning giv en by section 76;
“tenant”, in relation to a lease, means the tenant for the time being under
the lease.
CHAPTER  3
GENERAL
88 Abolition of Crown preference
Crown preference for the purposes of execution against goods is abolished.
89 Application to the Crown
(1) This Part binds the Crown.
(2) But the procedure in Schedule 12 may not be used—
(a) to recover debts due from the Crown,
(b) to take control of or sell goods of the Crown (including goods owned
by the Crown jointly or in common with another person), or
(c) to enter premises occupied by the Crown.
90 Regulations
(1) In this Part—
“prescribed” means prescribed by regulations;
“regulations” means regulations made by the Lord Chancellor.
(2) The following apply to regulations under this Part.
(3) Any power to make regulations is exercisable by statutory instrument.
(4) A statutory instrument containing regulations under paragraph 24(2) or 31(5)
of Schedule 12 may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laidbefore, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
(5) In any other case a statutory instrument containing regulations is subject to
annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(6) Regulations may include any of these that the Lord Chancellor considers
necessary or expedient—
(a) supplementary, incidental or consequential provision;
(b) transitory, transitional or saving provision.
(7) Regulations may make different provision for different cases.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders60
PART 4
ENFORCEMENT  OF JUDGMENTS  AND  ORDERS
Attachment of earnings orders
91 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
(1) Schedule 15 makes amendments to the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32).(2) Those amendments are about the basis on which periodical deductions are to
be made under an attachment of earnings order.
(3) In particular, they provide that deductions under certain orders are to be made
in accordance with a fixed deductions scheme made by the Lord Chancellor(rather than in accordance with Part I of Schedule 3 to the 1971 Act).
92 Attachment of earnings orders: finding the debtor’s current employer
(1) After section 15 of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 insert—
“15A Finding the debtor’s current employer
(1) If an attachment of earnings order lapses under section 9(4), the proper
authority may request the Commissioners—
(a) to disclose whether it appears to the Commissioners that the
debtor has a current employer, and
(b) if it appears to the Commissioners that the debtor has a current
employer, to disclose the name and address of that employer.
(2) The proper authority may make a request under subsection (1) only for
the purpose of enabling the lapsed order to be directed to the debtor’scurrent employer.
(3) The proper authority may not make a request under subsection (1)
unless regulations under section 15B(5) and (8) are in force.
(4) The proper authority may disclose such information (including
information identifying the debtor) as it considers necessary to assistthe Commissioners to comply with a request under subsection (1).
(5) The Commissioners may disclose to the proper authority any
information (whether held by the Commissioners or on their behalf)that the Commissioners consider is necessary to comply with a requestunder subsection (1).
(6) A disclosure under subsection (4) or (5) is not to be taken to breach any
restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed).
(7) Nothing in this section is to be taken to prejudice any power to request
or disclose information that ex ists apart from this section.
(8) The reference in subsection (5) to information held on behalf of the
Commissioners includes a reference to any information which—
(a) is held by a person who provides services to the
Commissioners, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders61
(b) is held by that person in connection with the provision of those
services.
15B Offence of unauthorised use or disclosure
(1) This section applies if the Commissioners make a disclosure of
information (“debtor information”) under section 15A(5).
(2) A person to whom the debtor information is disclosed commits an
offence if—
(a) he uses or discloses the debtor information, and
(b) the use or disclosure is not authorised by subsection (3), (5), (6)
or (7).
(3) The use or disclosure of the debtor information is authorised if it is—
(a) for a purpose connected with the enforcement of the lapsed
order (including the direction of the order to the debtor’scurrent employer), and
(b) with the consent of the Commissioners.
(4) Consent for the purposes of subsection (3) may be given—
(a) in relation to particular use or a particular disclosure, or
(b) in relation to use, or a disclosure made, in such circumstances as
may be specified or described in the consent.
(5) The use or disclosure of the debtor information is authorised if it is—
(a) in accordance with an enactment or an order of court, or
(b) for the purposes of any proceedings before a court,
and it is in accordance with regulations.
(6) The use or disclosure of the debtor information is authorised if the
information has previously been lawfully disclosed to the public.
(7) The use or disclosure of the debtor information is authorised if it is in
accordance with rules of court that comply with regulations undersubsection (8).
(8) Regulations may make provision about the circumstances, if any, in
which rules of court may allow any of the following—
(a) access to, or the supply of, debtor information;
(b) access to, or the supply of copies of, any attachment of earnings
order which has been directed to an employer using debtorinformation.
(9) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (2)
to prove that he reasonably believed that the disclosure was lawful.
(10) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (2) is liable—
(a) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding two years, to a fine, or to both;
(b) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding twelve months, to a fine not exceeding the statutorymaximum, or to both.
15C Regulations
(1) It is for the Lord Chancellor to make regulations under section 15B.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders62
(2) But the Lord Chancellor may make regulations under section 15B only
with the agreement of the Commissioners.
(3) Regulations under section 15B are to be made by statutory instrument.(4) A statutory instrument containing regulations under section 15B may
not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before andapproved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.
15D Interpretation
(1) For the purposes of sections 15A to 15C (and this section)—
“the Commissioners” means the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s
Revenue and Customs;
“information” means information held in any form;
“the lapsed order” means the attachment of earnings order
referred to in section 15A(1);
“the proper authority” is determined in accordance with
subsections (2) to (5).
(2) If the lapsed order was made by the High Court, the proper authority
is the High Court.
(3) If the lapsed order was made by a county court, the proper authority is
a county court.
(4) If the lapsed order was made by a magistrates’ court under this Act, the
proper authority is—
(a) a magistrates’ court, or
(b) the designated officer for a magistrates’ court.
(5) If the lapsed order was made by a magistrates’ court or a fines officer
under Schedule 5 to the Courts Act 2003, the proper authority is—
(a) a magistrates’ court, or
(b) a fines officer.”
(2) This section applies in relation to any attachment of earni ngs order, whether
made before or after the commencement of this section.
(3) In relation to an offence committed before the commencement of section 154(1)
of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), th e reference in section 15B(10)(b) of the
Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32) to 12 months is to be read as a reference
to 6 months.
Charging orders
93 Payment by instalments: making and enforcing charging orders
(1) Subsections (2), (3) and (4) make amendments to the Charging Orders Act 1979
(c. 53).
(2) In section 1 (charging orders ), after subsection (5) insert—
“(6) Subsections (7) and (8) apply where, under a judgment or order of the
High Court or a county court, a debtor is required to pay a sum of
money by instalments.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders63
(7) The fact that there has been no default in payment of the instalments
does not prevent a charging order from being made in respect of thatsum.
(8) But if there has been no default, the court must take that into account
when considering the circumstances of the case under subsection (5).”
(3) In section 3 (provisions supplementing sections 1 and 2), after subsection (4)
insert—
“(4A) Subsections (4C) to (4E) apply where—
(a) a debtor is required to pay a sum of money in instalments under
a judgment or order of the High Court or a county court (an“instalments order”), and
(b) a charge has been imposed by a charging order in respect of that
sum.
(4B) In subsections (4C) to (4E) references to the enforcement of a charge are
to the making of an order for the enforcement of the charge.
(4C) The charge may not be enforced unless there has been default in
payment of an instalment under the instalments order.
(4D) Rules of court may—
(a) provide that, if there has been default in payment of an
instalment, the charge may be enforced only in prescribed cases,and
(b) limit the amounts for which, an d the times at which, the charge
may be enforced.
(4E) Except so far as otherwise provided by rules of court under subsection
(4D)—
(a) the charge may be enforced, if there has been default in
payment of an instalment, for the whole of the sum of moneysecured by the charge and the costs then remaining unpaid, orfor such part as the court may order, but
( b ) t h e  c h a r g e  m a y  n o t  b e  e n f o r c e d  u n l e s s ,  a t  t h e  t i m e  o f
enforcement, the whole or part of an instalment which hasbecome due under the instalments order remains unpaid.”
(4) In section 6(2) (meaning of references to judgment or order of High Court or
county court), for “section 1” substitute “sections 1 and 3”.
(5) In section 313(4) of the Insolvency Act  1986 (c. 45) (charge on bankrupt’s home:
certain provisions of section 3 of Charging Orders Act 1979 to apply), for thewords before “section 3” substitute “Subsection (1), (2), (4), (5) and (6) of”.
(6) This section does not apply in a case where a judgment or order of the High
Court or a county court under which a debtor is required to pay a sum ofmoney by instalments was made, or applied for, before the coming into forceof this section.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders64
94 Charging orders: power to set financial thresholds
In the Charging Orders Act 1979 (c. 53), after section 3 there is inserted—“3A Power to set financial thresholds
(1) The Lord Chancellor may by regulations provide that a charge may not
be imposed by a charging order for securing the payment of money ofan amount below that determined in accordance with the regulations.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by regulations provide that a charge imposed
by a charging order may not be enforced by way of order for sale torecover money of an amount below that determined in accordance withthe regulations.
(3) Regulations under this section may—
(a) make different provision for different cases;
(b) include such transitional provisi on as the Lord Chancellor
thinks fit.
(4) The power to make regulations under this section is exercisable by
statutory instrument.
(5) The Lord Chancellor may not make the first regulations under
subsection (1) or (2) unless (in each case) a draft of the statutoryinstrument containing the regulations has been laid before, andapproved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
(6) A statutory instrument containing any subsequent regulations under
those subsections is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolutionof either House of Parliament.”
Information requests and orders
95 Application for information about action to recover judgment debt
(1) A person who is the creditor in relation to a judgment debt may apply to the
High Court or a county court for information about what kind of action itwould be appropriate to take in court to recover that particular debt.
(2) An application under subsection (1) must comply with any provision made in
regulations about the making of such applications.
96 Action by the court
(1) This section applies if the creditor in relation to a judgment debt makes an
application for information under section 95.
(2) The relevant court may make one or more of the following in relation to the
debtor—
(a) a departmental information request;
(b) an information order.
(3) The relevant court may exercise its powers under subsection (2) only if it is
satisfied that to do so will help it to deal with the creditor’s application.
(4) Before exercising its powers under subsection (2), the relevant court must give
notice to the debtor that the court intends to make a request or order.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders65
(5) The relevant court may not make a departmental information request to the
Commissioners unless regulations are in force that have been made undersection 102(4) and (7) and relate to the use or disclosure of debtor informationdisclosed by the Commissioners.
(6) The relevant court may disclose such information (including information
identifying the debtor) as it considers necessary to assist the recipient of arequest or order to comply with the request or order.
(7) A disclosure under subsection (6) is not to be taken to breach any restriction on
the disclosure of information (however imposed).
(8) Nothing in this section is to be taken to prejudice any power that exists apart
from this section to request or order the disclosure of information.
97 Departmental information requests
(1) A departmental information request is a request for the disclosure of
information held by, or on behalf of, a government department.
(2) The request is to be made to the Minister of the Crown, or other person, who is
in charge of the department.
(3) In the case of a request made to the designated Secretary of State, the disclosure
of some or all of the following information may be requested—
(a) the full name of the debtor;
(b) the address of the debtor;
(c) the date of birth of the debtor;
(d) the national insurance number of the debtor;
(e) prescribed information.
(4) In the case of a request made to the Commissioners, the disclosure of some or
all of the following information may be requested—
(a) whether or not the debtor is employed;
(b) the name and address of the employer (if the debtor is employed);
(c) the national insurance number of the debtor;
(d) prescribed information.
(5) In the case of any other request, the disclosure of prescribed information may
be requested.
(6) In this section—
“designated Secretary of State” means the Secretary of State designated
for the purpose of this section by regulations;
“government department” does not include the following—
(a) any part of the Scottish Administration;
(b) a Northern Ireland department;
(c) the Welsh Assembly Govern ment or any member of staff
appointed under section 52 of the Government of Wales Act2006 (c. 32);
“prescribed information”, in relation to a departmental information
request, means information that falls within the category or categoriesof information (if any) prescribed by regulations in relation to thedepartment to which the request relates.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders66
98 Information orders
(1) An information order is an or der of the relevant court which—
(a) specifies a prescribed person (“the information discloser”),
(b) specifies prescribed information relating to the debtor (“the required
information”), and
(c) orders the information  discloser to disclose the required information to
the relevant court.
(2) In subsection (1) “prescribed” means prescribed in regulations.
(3) Regulations under this section may be made by reference to—
(a) particular persons or particular descriptions of person (or both);
(b) particular information  or particular descript ions of information (or
both).
(4) Regulations may, in particular, be made under this section so as to ensure
that—
(a) an information order made against a particular person, or a person of a
particular description, may order that person to disclose only particularinformation, or information of a particular description;
(b) an information order that orders the disclosure of particular
information, or information of a particular description, may only bemade against a particular person, or a person of a particulardescription.
(5) Regulations under this section must no t make provision that would allow the
relevant court to order—
(a) the disclosure of information by the debtor, or
(b) the disclosure of information held by, or on behalf of, a government
department.
99 Responding to a departmental information request
(1) This section applies if the relevant court makes a departmental information
request.
(2) The recipient of the request may disclose to the relevant court any information
(whether held by the department or on its behalf) that the recipient considersis necessary to comply with the request.
(3) A disclosure under subsection (2) is not to be taken to breach any restriction on
the disclosure of information (however imposed).
(4) Nothing in this section is to be taken to prejudice any power that exists apart
from this section to disclose information.
100 Information order: required information not held etc.
(1) An information discloser is not to be regarded as having breached an
information order because of a failure to disclose some or all of the requiredinformation, if that failure is for one of the permitted reasons.
(2) These are the permitted reasons—
(a) the information provider does not hold the information;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders67
(b) the information provider is unab le to ascertain whether the information
is held, because of the way in which the information order identifies thedebtor;
(c) the disclosure of the information would involve the information
discloser in unreasonable effort or expense.
(3) It is to be presumed that a failure to disclose required information is for a
permitted reason if—
(a) the information discloser gives th e relevant court a certificate that
complies with subsection (4), and
(b) there is no evidence that the failure is not for a permitted reason.
(4) The certificate must state—
(a) which of the required information is not being disclosed;
(b) what the permitted reason is, or permitted reasons are, for the failure to
disclose that information.
(5) Any reference in this section to the information discloser holding, or not
holding, information includes a reference to the information being held, or not
being held, on the infor mation discloser’s behalf.
101 Using the information about the debtor
(1) This section applies if—
(a) the creditor in relation to a judgment debt makes an application for
information under section 95, and
(b) information (“debtor information”) is disclosed to the relevant court in
compliance with a request or order made under section 96.
(2) The relevant court may use the debtor information for the purpose of making
another request or order under section 96 in relation to the debtor.
(3) The relevant court may use the debtor information for the purpose of
providing the creditor with information about what kind of action (if any) it
would be appropriate to take in court (whether the relevant court or anothercourt) to recover the judgment debt.
(4) If the creditor takes any action in the relevant court to recover the judgment
debt, the relevant court may use the debtor information in carrying outfunctions in relation to that action.
(5) If the creditor takes any action in another court to recover the judgment debt—
(a) the relevant court may disclose the debtor information to the other
court, and
(b) the other court may use that information in carrying out functions in
relation to that action.
(6) Debtor information may be used or disclosed under any of subsections (3) to
(5) only if—
(a) regulations about such use or disclosure of information are in force,
and
(b) the use or disclosure complies with those regulations.
(7) In addition, if the debtor information was disclosed by the Commissioners, the
information may be used or disclosed under any of subsections (3) to (5) only
with the consent of the Commissioners.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders68
(8) Consent for the purposes of subsection (7) may be given—
(a) in relation to particular use or a particular disclosure, or
(b) in relation to use, or a disclosure made, in such circumstances as may
be specified or described in the consent.
(9) The use or disclosure of information in accordance with this  section is not to be
taken to breach any restriction on the use or disclosure of information(however imposed).
(10) Nothing in this section is to be taken to prejudice any power that exists apart
from this section to use or disclose information.
102 Offence of unauthorised use or disclosure
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an application is made under section 95 in relation to recovery of a
judgment debt (“the relevant judgment debt”),
(b) a departmental information request or an information order is made in
consequence of that application, and
(c) information (“debtor information”) is disclosed in accordance with the
request or order.
(2) A person to whom the debtor information is disclosed commits an offence if
he—
(a) uses or discloses the debtor information, and
(b) the use or disclosure is not authorised by any of subsections (3) to (6).
(3) The use or disclosure of the debtor  information is authorised if it is in
accordance with section 101.
(4) The use or disclosure of the debtor information is authorised if it is—
(a) in accordance with an enactment or order of court, or
(b) for the purposes of any proceedings before a court,
and it is in accordance with regulations.
(5) The use or disclosure of the debtor information is authorised if the information
has previously been lawfully disclosed to the public.
(6) The use or disclosure of the debtor  information is authorised if it is in
accordance with rules of court that comply with regulations under subsection(7).
(7) Regulations may make provision about the circumstances, if any, in which
rules of court may allow access to, or the supply of, information disclosed inaccordance with a department information request or an information order.
(8) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (2) to
prove that he reasonably believed that the use or disclosure was lawful.
(9) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (2) is liable—
(a) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding
two years, to a fine or to both;
(b) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding
twelve months, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or toboth.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders69
103 Regulations
(1) It is for the Lord Chancellor to make information regulations.(2) But the Lord Chancellor may make the following regulations only with the
agreement of the Commissioners—
(a) regulations under section 97(4)(d);
(b) regulations under section 102(4) or (7) so far as the regulations relate to
the use or disclosure of debtor information disclosed by theCommissioners.
(3) Information regulations are to be made by statutory instrument.
(4) A statutory instrument containing information regulations may not be made
unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before and approved by aresolution of each House of Parliament.
(5) But subsection (4) does not apply in the case of a statutory instrument that
contains only—
(a) regulations under section 95, or
(b) regulations under section 97 which designate a Secretary of State for the
purpose of that section.
(6) In such a case, the statutory instrument is subject to annulment in pursuance of
a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(7) In this section “information regulations” means regulations under any of
sections 95 to 102.
104 Interpretation
(1) This section applies for the purposes of sections 95 to 103.
(2) In those provisions—
“Commissioners” means the Commissioner s for Her Majesty’s Revenue
and Customs;
“creditor”, in relation to a judgment debt, means—
(a) the person to whom the debt is payable (whether directly or
through an officer of any court or another person);
(b) where the debt is payable under an administration order
(within the meaning of Part 6 of the County Courts Act 1984(c. 28)), any one of the creditors scheduled to the order;
“debtor”, in relation to a judgment debt, means the person by whom the
debt is payable;
“departmental information request” has the meaning given by section 97;“information” means information held in any form;
“information discloser”, in re lation to an information order, has the
meaning given by section 98(1)(a);
“information order” has the meaning given by section 98;“judgment debt” means either of the following—
(a) a sum which is payable under a judgment or order enforceable
by the High Court or a county court;
(b) a sum which, by virtue of an enactment, is recoverable as if it
were payable under a judgment or order of the High Court or ofTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 4 — Enforcement of judgments and orders70
a county court (including a sum which is so recoverable because
a court so orders);
“required information”, in relation  to an information order, has the
meaning given by section 98(1)(b);
“relevant court”, in relation to an application under section 95, means the
court to which the application is made.
(3) Any reference to information held on behalf of a government department, or
on behalf of an information discloser, includes a reference to any information
which—
(a) is held by a person who provides services to the department or to the
information discloser, and
(b) is held by that person in connection with the provision of those
services.
105 Application and transitional provision
(1) Sections 95 to 104 apply in relation to any judgment debt, whether it became
payable, or recoverable, before or after the commencement of those sections.
(2) In relation to an offence committed before the commencement of section 154(1)
of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), the reference in section 102(9)(b) to 12months is to be read as a reference to 6 months.
P
ART 5
DEBT MANAGEMENT  AND  RELIEF
CHAPTER  1
ADMINISTRATION  ORDERS
106 Administration orders
(1) For Part 6 of the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) (administration orders)
substitute—
“PART 6
ADMINISTRATION  ORDERS
Administration orders
112A Administration orders
An administration order is an order—
(a) to which certain debts are scheduled in accordance with section
112C, 112D or 112Y(3) or (4),
(b) which imposes the requirement specified in section 112E on the
debtor, and
(c) which imposes the requirements specified in sections 112F to
112I on certain creditors.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders71
112B Power to make order
(1) A county court may make an administration order if the conditions in
subsections (2) to (7) are met.
(2) The order must be made in respect of an individual who is a debtor
under two or more qualifying debts.
(3) That individual (“the debtor”) must not be a debtor under any business
debts.
(4) The debtor must not be excluded under any of the following—
(a) the AO exclusion;
(b) the voluntary arrangement exclusion;
(c) the bankruptcy exclusion.
(5) The debtor must be unable to pay one or more of his qualifying debts.
(6) The total amount of the debtor’s qualifying debts must be less than, or
the same as, the prescribed maximum.
(7) The debtor’s surplus income must be more than the prescribed
minimum.
(8) Before making an administration order, the county court must have
regard to any representations made—
(a) by any person about why the order should not be made, or
(b) by a creditor under a debt about why the debt should not be
taken into account in calculating the total amount of thedebtor’s qualifying debts.
Scheduling debts
112C Scheduling declared debts
(1) This section applies to a qualifying debt (“the declared debt”) if—
(a) an administration order is made, and
(b) when the order is made, the debt is taken into account in
calculating the total amount of the debtor’s qualifying debts forthe purposes of section 112B(6).
(2) If the declared debt is already due at the time the administration order
is made, the proper county court must schedule the debt to the orderwhen the order is made.
(3) If the declared debt becomes due after the administration order is
made, the proper county court must schedule the debt to the order ifthe debtor, or the creditor under the debt, applies to the court for thedebt to be scheduled.
(4) This section is subject to section 112AG(5).
112D Scheduling new debts
(1) This section applies to a qualifying debt (“the new debt”) if the debt—
(a) arises after an administration order is made, and
(b) becomes due during the currency of the order.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders72
(2) The proper county court may schedule the new debt to the
administration order if these conditions are met—
(a) the debtor, or the creditor under the new debt, applies to the
court for the debt to be scheduled;
(b) the total amount of the debtor’s qualifying debts (including the
new debt) is less than, or the same as, the prescribed maximum.
Requirements imposed by order
112E Repayment requirement
(1) An administration order must, during the currency of the order,
impose a repayment requirement on the debtor.
(2) A repayment requirement is a requirement for the debtor to repay the
scheduled debts.
(3) The repayment requirement may provide for the debtor to repay a
particular scheduled debt in full or to some other extent.
(4) The repayment requirement may provide for the debtor to repay
different scheduled debts to different extents.
(5) In the case of a new debt scheduled to the order in accordance with
section 112D, the repayment requir ement may provide that no due
repayment in respect of the new debt is to be made until the debtor hasmade all due repayments in respect of declared debts.
(6) The repayment requirement must provide that the due repayments are
to be made by instalments.
(7) It is for the proper county court to decide when the instalments are to
be made.
(8) But the proper county court is to determine the amount of the
instalments in accordance with repayment regulations.
(9) Repayment regulations are regulations which make provision for
instalments to be determined by reference to the debtor’s surplusincome.
(10) The repayment requirement may provide that the due repayments are
to be made by other means (including by one or more lump sums) inaddition to the instalments required in accordance with subsection (6).
(11) The repayment requirement may include provision in addition to any
that is required or permitted by this section.
(12) In this section—
“declared debt” has the same meanin g as in section 112C (and for
this purpose it does not matter whether a declared debt isscheduled to the administration order when it is made, orafterwards);
“due repayments” means repayments which the repayment
requirement requires the debtor to make;
“new debt” has the same meaning as in section 112D.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders73
112F Presentation of bankruptcy petition
(1) An administration order must, during the currency of the order,
impose the following requirement.
(2) The requirement is that no qualifying creditor of the debtor is to present
a bankruptcy petition against the debtor in respect of a qualifying debt,unless the creditor has the permission of the proper county court.
(3) The proper county court may give permission for the purposes of
subsection (2) subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
112G Remedies other than bankruptcy
(1) An administration order must, during the currency of the order,
impose the following requirement.
(2) The requirement is that no qualifying creditor of the debtor is to pursue
any remedy for the recovery of a qualifying debt unless—
(a) regulations under subsection (3) provide otherwise, or
(b) the creditor has the permission of the proper county court.
(3) Regulations may specify classes of debt which are exempted (or
exempted for specified purposes) from the restriction imposed bysubsection (2).
(4) The proper county court may give permission for the purposes of
subsection (2)(b) subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
(5) This section does not have a ny effect in relation to bankruptcy
proceedings.
112H Charging of interest etc
(1) An administration order must, during the currency of the order,
impose the following requirement.
(2) The requirement is that no creditor under a scheduled debt is to charge
any sum by way of interest, fee or other charge in respect of that debt.
112I Stopping supplies of gas or electricity
(1) An administration order must, during the currency of the order,
impose the requirement in subsection (3).
(2) In relation to that requirement, a domestic utility creditor is any person
who—
(a) provides the debtor with a supply of mains gas or mains
electricity for the debtor’s own domestic purposes, and
(b) is a creditor under a qualifying debt that relates to the provision
of that supply.
(3) The requirement is that no dom estic utility creditor is to stop the supply
of gas or electricity, or the supply of any associated services, except inthe cases in subsections (4) to (6).
(4) The first case is where the reason for stopping a supply relates to the
non-payment by the debtor of charges incurred in connection with thatsupply after the making of the administration order.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders74
(5) The second case is where the reason for stopping a supply is
unconnected with the non-payment by the debtor of any chargesincurred in connection with—
(a) that supply, or
(b) any other supply of mains gas or mains electricity, or of
associated services, that is provided by the domestic utilitycreditor.
(6) The third case is where the proper county court gives permission to
stop a supply.
(7) The proper county court may give permission for the purposes of
subsection (6) subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
(8) A supply of mains gas is a su pply of the kind mentioned in section
5(1)(b) of the Gas Act 1986.
(9) A supply of mains electricity is a supply of the kind mentioned in
section 4(1)(c) of the Electricity Act 1989.
Making an order
112J Application for an order
(1) A county court may make an administration order only on the
application of the debtor.
(2) The debtor may make an application for an administration order
whether or not a judgment has been obtained against him in respect ofany of his debts.
112K Duration
(1) A county court may, at the time it makes an administration order,
specify a day on which the order will cease to have effect.
(2) The court may not specify a day which falls after the last day of the
maximum permitted period.
(3) If the court specifies a day under this section, the order ceases to have
effect on that day.
(4) If the court does not specify a day under this section, the order ceases
to have effect at the end of the maximum permitted period.
(5) The maximum permitted period is the period of five years beginning
with the day on which the order is made.
(6) This section is subject to—
(a) section 112S (variation of duration);
(b) section 112W (effect of revocation).
(7) This section is also subject to the following (effect of enforcement
restriction order or debt relief order on administration order)—
(a) section 117I of this Act;
(b) section 251F of the Insolvency Act 1986.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders75
Effects of order
112L Effect on other debt management arrangements
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an administration order is made, and
(b) immediately before the order is made, other debt management
arrangements are in force in respect of the debtor.
(2) The other debt management arrangements cease to be in force when the
administration order is made.
(3) If the proper county court is aware of the other debt management
arrangements, the court must give the relevant authority notice that theorder has been made.
(4) In a case where the proper county court is aware of other debt
management arrangements at the time it makes the order, it must givethe notice as soon as practicable after making the order.
(5) In a case where the proper county court becomes aware of those
arrangements after it makes the order, it must give the notice as soon aspracticable after becoming aware of them.
(6) “Other debt management arrangements” means any of the following—
(a) an enforcement restriction order under Part 6A of this Act;
(b) a debt relief order under Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986;
(c) a debt repayment plan arranged in accordance with a debt
management scheme that is approv ed under Chapter 4 of Part
5 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.
(7) “The relevant authority” means—
(a) in relation to an enforcement restriction order: the proper
county court (within the meaning of Part 6A);
(b) in relation to a debt relief order: the official receiver;
(c) in relation to a debt repayment plan: the operator of the debt
management scheme in accordance with which the plan isarranged.
(8) For the purposes of this section a debt relief order is “in force” if the
moratorium applicable to the order under section 251H of theInsolvency Act 1986 has not yet ended.
112M Duty to provide information
(1) This section applies if, and for as long as, an administration order has
effect in respect of a debtor.
(2) The debtor must, at the prescribed times, provide the proper county
court with particulars of his—
(a) earnings,
(b) income,
(c) assets, and
(d) outgoings.
(3) The debtor must provide particulars of those matters—
(a) as the matters are at the time the particulars are provided, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders76
(b) as the debtor expects the matters to be at such times in the future
as are prescribed.
(4) If the debtor intends to dispose of any of his property he must, within
the prescribed period, provide the proper county court with particularsof the following matters—
(a) the property he intends to dispose of;
(b) the consideration (if any) he expects will be given for the
disposal;
(c) such other matters as may be prescribed;
(d) such other matters as the court may specify.
(5) But subsection (4) does not apply if the disposal is of—
(a) goods that are exempt goods for the purposes of Schedule 12 to
the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007,
(b) goods that are protected under any other enactment from being
taken control of under that Schedule, or
(c) prescribed property.
(6) The duty under subsection (4) to provide the proper county court with
particulars of a proposed disposal of property applies whether thedebtor is the sole owner, or one of several owners, of the property.
(7) In any provision of this section “prescribed” means prescribed in
regulations for the purposes of that provision.
112N Offence if information not provided
(1) A person commits an offence if he fails to comply with—
(a) section 112M(2) and (3), or
(b) section 112M(4).
(2) A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) may be ordered
by a judge of the proper county court to pay a fine of not more than £250or to be imprisoned for not more than 14 days.
(3) Where under subsection (2) a person is ordered to be imprisoned by a
judge of the proper county court, the judge may at any time—
(a) revoke the order, and
(b) if the person is already in custody, order his discharge.
(4) Section 129 of this Act (enforcement of fines) applies to payment of a
fine imposed under subsection (2).
(5) For the purposes of section 13 of the Administration of Justice Act 1960
(appeal in cases of contempt of court), subsection (2) is to be treated asan enactment enabling a county court to deal with an offence undersubsection (1) as if it were a contempt of court.
(6) A district judge or deputy district judge shall have the same powers
under this section as a judge of a county court.
112O Existing county court proceedings to be stayed
(1) This section applies if these conditions are met—
(a) an administration order is made;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders77
(b) proceedings in a county cou rt (other than bankruptcy
proceedings) are pending against the debtor in respect of aqualifying debt;
(c) by virtue of a requirement included in the order by virtue of
section 112G, the creditor under the qualifying debt is notentitled to continue the proceedings in respect of the debt;
(d) the county court receives notice of the administration order.
(2) The county court must stay the proceedings.(3) The court may allow costs already incurred by the creditor.
(4) If the court allows such costs, it may on application or of its motion add
them—
(a) to the debt, or
(b) if the debt is a scheduled debt, to the amount scheduled to the
order in respect of the debt.
(5) But the court may not add the costs under subsection (4)(b) if the court
is under a duty under section 112U(6)(b) to revoke the order becausethe total amount of the debtor’s qualifying debts (including the costs)is more than th e prescribed maximum.
112P Appropriation of money paid
(1) Money paid into court under an administration order is to be
appropriated—
(a) first in satisfaction of any relevant court fees, and
(b) then in liquidation of debts.
(2) Relevant court fees are any fees under an order made under section 92
of the Courts Act 2003 which are payable by the debtor in respect of theadministration order.
112Q Discharge from debts
(1) If the debtor repays a scheduled debt to the extent provided for by the
administration order, the proper county court must—
(a) order that the debtor is discharged from the debt, and
(b) de-schedule the debt.
(2) If the debtor repays all of the scheduled debts to the extent provided for
by the administration order, the proper county court must revoke theorder.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) apply to all scheduled debts, including any
which, under the administration order, are to be repaid other than totheir full extent.
Variation
112R Variation
(1) The proper county court may vary an administration order.(2) The power under this section is exercisable—
(a) on the application of the debtor;
(b) on the application of a qualifying creditor;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders78
(c) of the court’s own motion.
112S Variation of duration
(1) The power under section 112R includes power to vary an
administration order so as to specify a day, or (if a day has already beenspecified under section 112K or this subsection) a different day, onwhich the order will cease to have effect.
(2) But the new termination day must fall on or before the last day of the
maximum permitted period.
(3) If the proper county court varies an administration under subsection
(1), the order ceases to have effect on the new termination day.
(4) In this section—
(a) “new termination day” means the day on which the order will
cease to have effect in accordance with the variation undersubsection (1);
(b) “maximum permitted period” m eans the period of five years
beginning with the day on which the order was originallymade.
(5) This section is subject to section 112W (effect of revocation).
112T De-scheduling debts
(1) The power under section 112R includes power to vary an
administration order by de-scheduling a debt.
(2) But the debt may be de-scheduled only if it appears to the proper
county court that it is just and equitable to do so.
Revocation
112U Duty to revoke order
(1) The proper county court must revoke an administration order in either
of these cases—
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in subsection 112B(2) was not met (debtor in factdid not have two or more qualifying debts);
(b) where the debtor is no longer a debtor under any qualifying
debts.
(2) The proper county court must revoke an administration order in either
of these cases— 
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in subsection 112B(3) was not met (debtor in facthad business debt), and he is still a debtor under the businessdebt, or any of the business debts, in question;
(b) where the debtor subsequently becomes a debtor under a
business debt, and he is still a debtor under that debt.
(3) The proper county court must revoke an administration order where it
becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made, the conditionin section 112B(4) was not met (debtor in fact excluded under AO,voluntary arrangement or bankruptcy exclusion).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders79
(4) The proper county court must revoke an administration order where,
after the order is made—
(a) the debtor becomes excluded under the voluntary arrangement
exclusion, or
(b) a bankruptcy order is made against the debtor, and is still in
force.
(5) The proper county court must revoke an administration order in either
of these cases—
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in section 112B(5) was not met (debtor in fact ableto pay qualifying debts);
(b) where the debtor is now able to pay all of his qualifying debts.
(6) The proper county court must revoke an administration order in either
of these cases—
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in section 112B(6) was not met (debtor’squalifying debts in fact more th an prescribed maximum);
(b) where the total amount of the debtor’s qualifying debts is now
more than the prescribed maximum.
(7) The proper county court must revoke an administration order in either
of these cases—
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in section 112B(7) was not met (debtor’s surplusincome in fact less than, or the same as, the prescribedminimum);
(b) where the debtor’s surplus income is now less than, or the same
as, the prescribed minimum.
112V Power to revoke order
(1) The proper county court may revoke an administration order in any
case where there is no duty under this Part to revoke it.
(2) The power of revocation under this section may, in particular, be
exercised in any of the following cases—
(a) where the debtor has failed to make two payments (whether
consecutive or not) required by the order;
(b) where the debtor has failed to provide the proper county court
with the particulars required by—
(i) section 112M(2) and (3), or
(ii) section 112M(4).
(3) The power of revocation under this section is exercisable—
(a) on the application of the debtor;
(b) on the application of a qualifying creditor;
(c) of the court’s own motion.
112W Effect of revocation
(1) This section applies if, under any duty or power in this Part, the proper
county court revokes an administration order.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders80
(2) The order ceases to have effect in accordance with the terms of the
revocation.
Notification of certain events
112X Notice when order made, varied, revoked etc
(1) If a notifiable event occurs in relation to an administration order, the
proper county court must send notice of the event to the creditor underevery scheduled debt.
(2) There is a notifiable even t in any of the following cases—
(a) when the administration order is made;
(b) when a debt is scheduled to the administration order at any
time after the making of the order;
(c) when the administration order is varied;
(d) when the administration order is revoked;
(e) when the proper county court is given notice under any of the
provisions listed in section 112K(7 ) (effect of enforcement
restriction order or debt relief order on administration order).
Total amount of qualifying debts not properly calculated
112Y Failure to take account of all qualifying debts
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an administration order has been made, but
(b) it becomes apparent that the total amount of the debtor’s
qualifying debts was not properly calculated for the purposes ofsection 112B(6), because of an undeclared debt.
(2) A debt is undeclared if it ought to have been, but was not, taken into
account in the calculation for the purposes of section 112B(6).
(3) If these conditions are met—
(a) the undeclared debt is due (whether it became due before or
after the making of the order);
(b) the total debt is less than, or the same as, the prescribed
maximum;
the proper county court must schedule the undeclared debt to the
order.
(4) If these conditions are met—
(a) the undeclared debt is not due;
(b) the total debt is less than, or the same as, the prescribed
maximum;
the proper county court must schedule the undeclared debt to the order
when the debt becomes due.
(5) If the total debt is more than the prescribed maximum, the proper
county court must revoke the administration order (whether or not theundeclared debt is due).
(6) In this section “total debt” means the total amount of the debtor’s
qualifying debts (including the undeclared debt).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders81
(7) Subsections (3) and (4) are subject to section 112AG(5).
Interpretation
112Z Introduction
Sections 112AA to 112AH apply for the purposes of this Part.
112AA Main definitions
(1) In this Part—
“administration order” has the mean ing given by section 112A;
“debtor” has the meaning given by section 112B;“prescribed maximum” means the amount prescribed in
regulations for the purposes of section 112B(6);
“prescribed minimum” means the amount prescribed in
regulations for the purposes of section 112B(7);
“qualifying creditor” means a creditor under a qualifying debt.
(2) References to the currency of an administration order are references to
the period which—
(a) begins when the order first has effect, and
(b) ends when the order ceases to have effect.
(3) In relation to an administration order, references to the proper county
court are references to the county court that made the order.
(4) But that is subject to rules of court as to the venue for, and transfer of,
proceedings in county courts.
112AB Expressions relating to debts
(1) All debts are qualifying debts, except for the following—
(a) any debt secured against an asset;
(b) any debt of a description specified in regulations.
(2) A business debt is any debt (whether or not a qualifying debt) which is
incurred by a person in the course of a business.
(3) Only debts that have already arisen are included in references to debts;
and accordingly such references do not include any debt that will ariseonly on the happening of some future contingency.
112AC Inability to pay debts
(1) In a case where an individual is the debtor under a debt that is
repayable by a single payment, the debtor is to be regarded as unableto pay the debt only if—
(a) the debt has become due,
(b) the debtor has failed to make the single payment, and
(c) the debtor is unable to make that payment.
(2) In a case where an individual is the debtor under a debt that is
repayable by a number of payments, the debtor is to be regarded as
unable to pay the debt only if—
(a) the debt has become due,
(b) the debtor has failed to make one or more of the payments, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders82
(c) the debtor is unable to make all of the missed payments.
112AD Calculating the debtor’s qualifying debts
(1) The total amount of a debtor’s qualifying debts is to be calculated in
accordance with subsections (2) and (3).
(2) All of the debtor’s qualifying debts which have arisen before the
calculation must be taken into account (whether or not the debts arealready due at the time of the calculation).
(3) Regulations must make further provision about how the total amount
of a debtor’s qualifying debts is to be calculated.
(4) Regulations may make provision about how the amount of any
particular qualifying debt is to be calculated.
(5) That includes the calculation of the amount of a debt for these
purposes—
(a) calculating the total amount of the debtor’s qualifying debts;
(b) scheduling the debt to an administration order.
112AE Calculating the debtor’s surplus income
(1) The debtor’s surplus income is to be calculated in accordance with
regulations.
(2) Regulations under this section must , in particular, make the following
provision—
(a) provision about what is surplus income;
(b) provision about the period by reference to which the debtor’s
surplus income is to be calculated.
(3) Regulations under this section may, in particular, provide for the
debtor’s assets to be taken account of when calculating his surplusincome.
112AF Debts becoming due
(1) A debt that is repayable by a single payment becomes due when the
time for making that payment is reached.
(2) A debt that is repayable by a number of payments becomes due when
the time for making the first of the payments is reached.
112AG Scheduling and de-scheduling debts
(1) A debt is scheduled to an administration order if the relevant
information is included in a schedule to the order.
(2) A debt is de-scheduled if the relevant information is removed from a
schedule in which it was included as mentioned in subsection (1).
(3) In relation to a debt, the relevant information is—
(a) the amount of the debt, and
(b) the name of the creditor under the debt.
(4) A scheduled debt is a debt that is scheduled to an administration order.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders83
(5) The proper county court must not schedule a debt to an administration
order unless the court has had regard to any representations made byany person about why the debt should not be scheduled.
(6) But subsection (5) does not apply to any representations which are
made by the debtor in relation to the scheduling of a debt under section112Y.
(7) The proper county court must not de-schedule a debt unless the court
has had regard to any representations made by any person about whythe debt should not be de-scheduled.
(8) But subsection (7) does not apply in relation to the de-scheduling of a
debt under section 112Q.
(9) A court must not schedule a debt to an administration order, or de-
schedule a debt, except in accordance with the provisions of this Part.
112AH The AO, voluntary arrangement and bankruptcy exclusions
(1) The debtor is excluded under the AO exclusion if—
(a) an administration order currently has effect in respect of him, or
(b) an administration order has previously had effect in respect of
him, and the period of 12 months — beginning with the daywhen that order ceased to have effect — has yet to finish.
(2) But in a case that falls within su bsection (1)(b), the debtor is not
excluded under the AO exclusion if the previous administrationorder—
(a) ceased to have effect in accordance with any of the provisions
listed in section 112K(7) (effect of enforcement restriction orderor debt relief order on administration order), or
(b) was revoked in accordance with section 112U(1)(b) (debtor no
longer has any qualifying debts).
(3) The debtor is excluded under the voluntary arrangement exclusion if—
(a) an interim order under section 252 of the Insolvency Act 1986
has effect in respect of him (interim order where debtor intendsto make proposal for voluntary arrangement), or
(b) he is bound by a voluntary arrangement approved under Part 8
of the Insolvency Act 1986.
(4) The debtor is excluded under the bankruptcy exclusion if—
(a) a petition for a bankruptcy order to be made against him has
been presented but not decided, or
(b) he is an undischarged bankrupt.
Regulations
112AI Regulations under this Part
(1) It is for the Lord Chancellor to make regulations under this Part.
(2) Any power to make regulations under this Part is exercisable by
statutory instrument.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 1 — Administration orders84
(3) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this Part is subject
to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House ofParliament.”
(2) Schedule 16 makes amendments consequential on the substitution of the new
Part 6 in the 1984 Act.
(3) This section does not apply to any case in which an administration order was
made, or an application for such an order was made, before the day on whichthis section comes into force.
C
HAPTER  2
ENFORCEMENT  RESTRICTION  ORDERS
107 Enforcement restriction orders
(1) After Part 6 of the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) (administration orders)
insert—
“PART 6A
ENFORCEMENT  RESTRICTION  ORDERS
Enforcement restriction orders
117A Enforcement restriction orders
(1) An enforcement restriction order is an order that imposes the
requirements specified in sections 117C to 117E on certain creditors.
(2) An enforcement restriction order may also impose a requirement in
accordance with section 117F on the debtor.
117B Power to make order
(1) A county court may make an enforcement restriction order if the
conditions in subsections (2) to (8) are met.
(2) The order must be made in respect of an individual who is a debtor
under two or more qualifying debts.
(3) That individual (“the debtor”) must not be a debtor under any business
debts.
(4) The debtor must not be excluded under any of the following—
(a) the ERO exclusion;
(b) the voluntary arrangement exclusion;
(c) the bankruptcy exclusion.
(5) The debtor must be unable to pay one or more of his qualifying debts.(6) The debtor must be suffering from a sudden and unforeseen
deterioration in his financial circumstances.
(7) There must be a realistic prospect that the debtor’s financial
circumstances will improve within the period of six months beginning
when the order is made.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders85
(8) It must be fair and equitable to make the order.
(9) Before making an enforcement restriction order, the county court must
have regard to any representations made by any person about why theorder should not be made.
(10) Subsection (9) is subject to Civil Procedure Rules.
Requirements imposed by order
117C Presentation of bankruptcy petition
(1) An enforcement restriction order must, during the currency of the
order, impose the following requirement.
(2) The requirement is that no qualifying creditor of the debtor is to present
a bankruptcy petition against the debtor in respect of a qualifying debt,unless the creditor has the permission of the proper county court.
(3) The proper county court may give permission for the purposes of
subsection (2) subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
117D Remedies other than bankruptcy
(1) An enforcement restriction order must, during the currency of the
order, impose the following requirement.
(2) The requirement is that no qualifying creditor of the debtor is to pursue
any remedy for the recovery of a qualifying debt unless—
(a) regulations under subsection (3) provide otherwise, or
(b) the creditor has the permission of the proper county court.
(3) Regulations may specify classes of debt which are exempted (or
exempted for specified purposes) from any requirement imposed bysubsection (2).
(4) The proper county court may give permission for the purposes of
subsection (2)(b) subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
(5) This section does not have a ny effect in relation to bankruptcy
proceedings.
117E Stopping supplies of gas or electricity
(1) An enforcement restriction order must, during the currency of the
order, impose the requirement in subsection (3).
(2) In relation to that requirement, a domestic utility creditor is any person
who—
(a) provides the debtor with a supply of mains gas or mains
electricity for the debtor’s own domestic purposes, and
(b) is a creditor under a qualifying debt that relates to the provision
of that supply.
(3) The requirement is that no dom estic utility creditor is to stop the supply
of gas or electricity, or the supply of any associated services, except in
the cases in subsections (4) to (6).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders86
(4) The first case is where the reason for stopping a supply relates to the
non-payment by the debtor of charges incurred in connection with thatsupply after the making of the enforcement restriction order.
(5) The second case is where the reason for stopping a supply is
unconnected with the non-payment by the debtor of any chargesincurred in connection with—
(a) that supply, or
(b) any other supply of mains gas or mains electricity, or of
associated services, that is provided by the domestic utilitycreditor.
(6) The third case is where the proper county court gives permission to
stop a supply.
(7) The proper county court may give permission for the purposes of
subsection (6) subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
(8) A supply of mains gas is a su pply of the kind mentioned in section
5(1)(b) of the Gas Act 1986.
(9) A supply of mains electricity is a supply of the kind mentioned in
section 4(1)(c) of the Electricity Act 1989.
117F Repayment requirement
(1) An enforcement restriction order may impose a repayment
requirement on the debtor.
(2) The county court may include the requirement in the order at the time
it makes the order.
(3) The proper county court may, at any time after an enforcement
restriction order has been made, vary the order so as to include arepayment requirement.
( 4 ) T h e  p r o p e r  c o u n t y  c o u r t  m a y ,  a t  a n y  t i m e  w h e n  a n  e n f o r c e m e n t
restriction order includes a repayment requirement, vary the order soas to—
(a) remove the repayment requirement, or
(b) include a different repayment requirement.
(5) A repayment requirement is a requirement that the debtor make
payments, in respect of one or more of his qualifying debts, to theperson or persons to whom he owes the debt or debts.
(6) A county court may include a repayment requirement in an order only
if—
(a) the debtor has surplus income at the time of the inclusion of the
requirement, and
(b) the inclusion of the requirement would be fair and equitable.
(7) The debtor’s surplus income is to be calculated in accordance with
regulations.
(8) Regulations under subsection (7) must make the following provision—
(a) provision about what is surplus income;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders87
(b) provision about the period by reference to which the debtor’s
surplus income is to be calculated.
(9) Regulations under subsection (7) may, in particular, provide for the
debtor’s assets to be taken account of for the purpose of calculating hissurplus income.
(10) The proper county court may vary an enforcement restriction order
under this section—
(a) of its own motion;
(b) on the application of the debtor;
(c) on the application of a qualifying creditor.
Making an order
117G Application for order
(1) A county court may make an enforcement restriction order only on the
application of the debtor.
(2) The debtor may make an application for an enforcement restriction
order whether or not a judgment has been obtained against him inrespect of any of his debts.
117H Duration
(1) A county court may, at the time it makes an enforcement restriction
order, specify a day on which the order will cease to have effect.
(2) The court may not specify a day which falls after the last day of the
maximum permitted period.
(3) If the court specifies a day under this section, the order ceases to have
effect on that day.
(4) If the court does not specify a day under this section, the order ceases
to have effect at the end of the maximum permitted period.
(5) The maximum permitted period is the period of 12 months beginning
with the day on which the order is made.
(6) This section is subject to—
(a) section 117N (variation of duration);
(b) section 117Q (effect of revocation);
(7) This section is also subject to the following (effect of administration
order or debt relief order on enforcement restriction order)—
(a) section 112L of this Act;
(b) section 251F of the Insolvency Act 1986.
Effects of order
117I Effect on other debt management arrangements
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an enforcement restriction order is made, and
(b) immediately before the order is made, other debt management
arrangements are in force in respect of the debtor.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders88
(2) The other debt management arrangements cease to be in force when the
enforcement restriction order is made.
(3) If the proper county court is aware of the other debt management
arrangements, the court must give the relevant authority notice that theorder has been made.
(4) In a case where the proper county court is aware of those arrangements
at the time it makes the order, it must give the notice as soon aspracticable after making the order.
(5) In a case where the proper county court only becomes aware of those
arrangements after it makes the order, it must give the notice as soon aspracticable after becoming aware of them.
(6) “Other debt management arrangements” means any of the following—
(a) an administration order under Part 6 of this Act;
(b) a debt relief order under Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986;
(c) a debt repayment plan arranged in accordance with a debt
management scheme that is approv ed under Chapter 4 of Part
5 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.
(7) “The relevant authority” means—
(a) in relation to an administration order: the proper county court
(within the meaning of Part 6);
(b) in relation to a debt relief order: the official receiver;
(c) in relation to a debt repayment plan: the operator of the debt
management scheme in accordance with which the plan isarranged.
(8) For the purposes of this section a debt relief order is “in force” if the
moratorium applicable to the order under section 251H of theInsolvency Act 1986 has not yet ended.
117J Duty to provide information
(1) This section applies if, and for as  long as, an enforcement restriction
order has effect in respect of a debtor.
(2) The debtor must, at the prescribed times, provide the proper county
court with particulars of his—
(a) earnings,
(b) income,
(c) assets, and
(d) outgoings.
(3) The debtor must provide particulars of those matters—
(a) as the matters are at the time the particulars are provided, and
(b) as the debtor expects the matters to be at such times in the future
as may be prescribed.
(4) If the debtor intends to dispose of any of his property he must, within
the prescribed period, provide the proper county court with particularsof the following matters—
(a) the property he intends to dispose of;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders89
(b) the consideration (if any) he expects will be given for the
disposal;
(c) such other matters as may be prescribed;
(d) such other matters as the court may specify.
(5) But subsection (4) does not apply if the disposal is of—
(a) goods that are exempt goods for the purposes of Schedule 12 to
the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007,
(b) goods that are protected under any other enactment from being
taken control of under that Schedule, or
(c) prescribed property.
(6) The duty under subsection (4) to provide the proper county court with
particulars of a proposed disposal of property applies whether thedebtor is the sole owner, or one of several owners, of the property.
(7) In any provision of this section “prescribed” means prescribed in
regulations for the purposes of that provision.
117K Offence if information not provided
(1) A person commits an offence if he fails to comply with—
(a) section 117J(2) and (3), or
(b) section 117J(4).
(2) A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) may be ordered
by a judge of the proper county court to pay a fine of not more than £250or to be imprisoned for not more than 14 days.
(3) Where under subsection (2) a person is ordered to be imprisoned by a
judge of the proper county court, the judge may at any time—
(a) revoke the order, and
(b) if the person is already in custody, order his discharge.
(4) Section 129 of this Act (enforcement of fines) applies to payment of a
fine imposed under subsection (2).
(5) For the purposes of section 13 of the Administration of Justice Act 1960
(appeal in cases of contempt of court), subsection (2) is to be treated asan enactment enabling a county court to deal with an offence undersubsection (1) as if it were a contempt of court.
(6) A district judge or deputy district judge shall have the same powers
under this section as a judge of a county court.
117L Existing county court proceedings to be stayed
(1) This section applies if these conditions are met—
(a) an enforcement restriction order is made;
(b) proceedings in a county cou rt (other than bankruptcy
proceedings) are pending against the debtor in respect of aqualifying debt;
(c) by virtue of a requirement included in the order by virtue of
section 117D, the creditor under the qualifying debt is notentitled to continue the proceedings in respect of the debt;
(d) the county court receives notice of the enforcement restriction
order.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders90
(2) The county court must stay the proceedings.
(3) The county court—
(a) may allow costs already incurred by the creditor, and
(b) if the court allows such costs, may on application or of its own
motion add them to the debt owed to the creditor.
117M Charges
(1) This section applies during, and after, the currency of an enforcement
restriction order.
(2) A qualifying creditor may not make any charge in respect of a protected
qualifying debt, unless the charge—
(a) is interest, or
(b) is not interest but relates to a time before or after the currency of
the order.
(3) A charge made in breach of subsection (2) is not recoverable.(4) In subsection (2) “protected qualifying debt” means any qualifying debt
under which the debtor was a debtor at some time during the currencyof the enforcement restriction order.
Variation of duration
117N Variation of duration
(1) The proper county court may vary an enforcement restriction order so
as to specify a day, or (if a day has already been specified under section117H or this section) a different day, on which the order will cease tohave effect.
(2) But the new termination day must fall on or before the last day of the
maximum permitted period.
(3) If the proper county court varies an enforcement restriction order
under subsection (1), the order ceases to have effect on the newtermination day.
(4) The power under this section is exercisable—
(a) on the application of the debtor;
(b) on the application of a qualifying creditor;
(c) of the court’s own motion.
(5) In this section—
(a) “new termination day” means the day on which the order will
cease to have effect in accordance with the variation undersubsection (1);
(b) “maximum permitted period” me ans the period of 12 months
beginning with the day on which the order was originallymade.
(6) This section is subject to section 117Q (effect of revocation).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders91
Revocation of order
117O Duty to revoke order
(1) The proper county court must revoke an enforcement restriction order
in either of these cases—
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in subsection 117B(2) was not met (debtor in factdid not have two or more qualifying debts);
(b) where the debtor is no longer a debtor under any qualifying
debts.
(2) The proper county court must revoke an enforcement restriction order
in either of these cases— 
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in subsection 117B(3) was not met (debtor in facthad business debt), and he is still a debtor under the businessdebt, or any of the business debts, in question;
(b) where the debtor subsequently becomes a debtor under a
business debt, and he is still a debtor under that debt.
(3) The proper county court must revoke an enforcement restriction order
where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made, thecondition in section 117B(4) was not met (debtor in fact excluded underERO, voluntary arrangement or bankruptcy exclusion).
(4) The proper county court must revoke an enforcement restriction order
where, after the order is made—
(a) the debtor becomes excluded under the voluntary arrangement
exclusion, or
(b) a bankruptcy order is made against the debtor, and is still in
force.
(5) The proper county court must revoke an enforcement restriction order
in either of these cases—
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in section 117B(5) was not met (debtor in fact ableto pay qualifying debts);
(b) where the debtor is now able to pay all of his qualifying debts.
(6) The proper county court must revoke an enforcement restriction order
in either of these cases—
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in section 117B(6) was not met (debtor in fact notsuffering from sudden and unforeseen deterioration in financialcircumstances);
(b) where the debtor is no longer suffering from the deterioration
in financial circumstances which was taken into account for thepurposes of section 117B(6) (even if he is suffering from someother sudden and unforeseen deterioration in his financialcircumstances).
(7) The proper county court must revoke an enforcement restriction order
in either of these cases—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders92
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in section 117B(7) was not met (in fact no realisticprospect of improvement in debtor’s  financial circumstances);
(b) where there is no longer a realistic prospect that the debtor’s
financial circumstances will improve during the period withinwhich the order would continue to have effect (if not revoked).
(8) The proper county court must revoke an enforcement restriction order
in either of these cases—
(a) where it becomes apparent that, at the time the order was made,
the condition in section 117B(8) wa s not met (not in fact fair and
equitable to make order);
(b) where it is not fair and equitable for the order to continue to
have effect.
117P Power to revoke order
(1) The proper county court may revoke an enforcement restriction order
in any case where there is no duty under this Part to revoke it.
(2) The power of revocation under this section may, in particular, be
exercised in any of the following cases—
(a) where the order includes, or has previously included, a
repayment requirement, and the debtor has failed to complywith that requirement;
(b) where the debtor has failed to provide the proper county court
with the particulars required by—
(i) section 117J(2) and (3), or
(ii) section 117J(4).
(3) The power of revocation under this section is exercisable—
(a) on the application of the debtor;
(b) on the application of a qualifying creditor;
(c) of the court’s own motion.
117Q Effect of revocation
(1) This section applies if, under any duty or power in this Part, the proper
county court revokes an enforcement restriction order.
(2) The order ceases to have effect in accordance with the terms of the
revocation.
Notification of certain events
117R Notice when order made, varied, revoked etc.
(1) If a notifiable event occurs in relation to an enforcement restriction
order, the proper county court must give notice of the event to everyidentified qualifying creditor of the debtor.
(2) There is a notifiable even t in any of the following cases—
(a) when the enforcement restriction order is made;
(b) when the enforcement restriction order is varied;
(c) when the enforcement restriction order is revoked;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders93
(d) when the proper county court is given notice under any of the
provisions listed in section 117H(7) (effect of administrationorder or debt relief order on enforcement restriction order).
(3) A person is an identified qualifying creditor of the debtor if—
(a) the debtor has notified the proper county court, or another court
whilst it was previously the proper county court, that theperson is a qualifying creditor, or
(b) the proper county court is satisfied that the person is a
qualifying creditor.
Interpretation
117S Introduction
Sections 117T to 117W apply for the purposes of this Part.
117T Main definitions
(1) In this Part—
“enforcement restriction order” has the meaning given by section
117A;
“debtor” has the meaning given by section 117B;“qualifying creditor” means a creditor under a qualifying debt.
(2) References to the currency of an enforcement restriction order are
references to the period which—
(a) begins when the order first has effect, and
(b) ends when the order ceases to have effect.
(3) In relation to an enforcement restriction order, references to the proper
county court are references to the county court that made the order.
(4) But that is subject to rules of court as to the venue for, and transfer of,
proceedings in county courts.
117U Expressions relating to debts
(1) All debts are qualifying debts, except for the following—
(a) any debt secured against an asset;
(b) any debt of a description specified in regulations.
(2) A business debt is any debt (whether or not a qualifying debt) which is
incurred by a person in the course of a business.
(3) Only debts that have already arisen are included in references to debts;
and accordingly such references do not include any debt that will ariseonly on the happening of some future contingency.
117V Inability to pay debts
(1) In a case where an individual is the debtor under a debt that is
repayable by a single payment, the debtor is to be regarded as unableto pay the debt only if—
(a) the time for making the payment has been reached,
(b) the debtor has failed to make the single payment, and
(c) the debtor is unable to make that payment.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders94
(2) In a case where an individual is the debtor under a debt that is
repayable by a number of payments, the debtor is to be regarded asunable to pay the debt only if—
(a) the time for making the first of the payments has been reached,
(b) the debtor has failed to make one or more of the payments, and
(c) the debtor is unable to make all of the missed payments.
117W The ERO, voluntary arrangement and bankruptcy exclusions
(1) The debtor is excluded under the ERO exclusion if—
(a) an enforcement restriction order currently has effect in respect
of him, or
(b) an enforcement restriction order has previously had effect in
respect of him, and the period of 12 months — beginning withthe day when that order ceased to have effect — has yet tofinish.
(2) But in a case that falls within su bsection (1)(b), the debtor is not
excluded under the ERO exclusion if the previous enforcementrestriction order—
(a) ceased to have effect in accordance with any of the provisions
listed in section 117H(7) (effect of administration order or debtrelief order on enforcement restriction order), or
(b) was revoked in accordance with section 117O(1)(b) (debtor no
longer has any qualifying debts).
(3) The debtor is excluded under the voluntary arrangement exclusion if—
(a) an interim order under section 252 of the Insolvency Act 1986
has effect in respect of him (interim order where debtor intendsto make proposal for voluntary arrangement), or
(b) he is bound by a voluntary arrangement approved under Part 8
of the Insolvency Act 1986.
(4) The debtor is excluded under the bankruptcy exclusion if—
(a) a petition for a bankruptcy order to be made against him has
been presented but not decided, or
(b) he is an undischarged bankrupt.
Regulations
117X Power to make regulations
(1) It is for the Lord Chancellor to make regulations under this Part.(2) Any power to make regulations under this Part is exercisable by
statutory instrument.
(3) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this Part is subject
to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House ofParliament.”
(2) In Schedule 6A to the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43) (fines that may be
altered under section 143 of the 1980 Act)  insert the following entry at the
appropriate place in the entries relating to the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28)—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 2 — Enforcement restriction orders95
(3) In section 98 of the Courts Act 2003 (c. 39) (register of judgments and orders
etc.), in subsection (1), for paragraph (d) substitute—
“(d) enforcement restriction orders under Part 6A of that Act (power
of county courts to make enforcement restriction orders);”.
CHAPTER  3
DEBT RELIEF  ORDERS
108 Debt relief orders and debt relief restrictions orders etc.
(1) In the Second Group of Parts of the Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45) (insolvency of
individuals), before Part 8 there is inserted, as Part 7A, the Part set out inSchedule 17.
(2) After Schedule 4 to that Act there is inserted, as Schedules 4ZA and 4ZB, the
Schedules set out in Schedules 18 and 19.
(3) Schedule 20 (which makes amendments consequential on provisions
contained in Schedule 17) has effect.
C
HAPTER  4
DEBT MANAGEMENT  SCHEMES
Introductory
109 Debt management schemes
(1) A debt management scheme is a scheme that meets the conditions in this
section.
(2) The scheme must be open to some or all non-business debtors.
(3) A scheme is open to a non-business debtor if it allows him to make a request to
the scheme operator for a debt repayment plan to be arranged for him.
(4) The scheme must provide that, if such a request is made—
(a) a decision must be made about whether a debt repayment plan is to be
arranged for the non-business debtor, and
(b) such a plan must be arranged (if that is the decision made).
(5) The scheme must be operated by a body of persons (whether a body corporate
or not).
110 Debt repayment plans
(1) A debt repayment plan is a plan that meets the conditions in this section.“Section 117K(1) (enforcement
restriction orders: failure to provideinformation)£250”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes96
(2) The plan must specify all of the debtor’s qualifying debts.
(3) The plan must require the debtor to make payments in respect of each of the
specified debts.
(4) It does not matter if—
(a) the plan requires payments of different amounts to be made in respect
of a specified debt at different times;
(b) the payments that the plan requires to be made in respect of a specified
debt would, if all made, repay the debt only in part.
Approval of schemes
111 Approval by supervising authority
(1) The supervising authority may approve one or more debt management
schemes.
(2) Regulations may make provision about any or all of the following—
(a) conditions that must be met before the supervising authority may
approve a debt management scheme;
(b) considerations that the supervising authority must, or must not, take
into account in deciding whether to approve a debt managementscheme.
(3) Regulations under this section may, in particular, make provision about
conditions or considerations that relate to any matter listed in Schedule 21.
(4) The supervising authority may approve a debt management scheme whether
a body is—
(a) operating the scheme at the time of the approval, or
(b) proposing to operate the scheme from a time in the future.
112 Applications for approval
(1) Regulations may specify a procedure for making an application for approval
of a debt management scheme.
(2) Regulations under this section may, in  particular, specify a procedure that
requires any or all of the following—
(a) an application to be made in a particular form;
(b) information to be supplied in support of an application;
(c) a fee to be paid in respect of an application.
113 Terms of approval
(1) The approval of a debt management scheme has effect subject to any relevant
terms.
(2) Relevant terms are—
(a) the terms (if any) specified in regulations that relate to the approval,
and
(b) the terms (if any) that the supervising authority includes in the
approval.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes97
(3) Relevant terms may, in particular, deal with all or any of the following—
(a) the start of the approval;
(b) the expiry of the approval;
(c) the termination of the approval, in cluding termination because of the
breach of some other term.
(4) Relevant terms may, in particular, impose requirements on the scheme
operator.
(5) Relevant terms may, in particular, relate to any matter listed in Schedule 21.
(6) Regulations may make provision about terms that the supervising authority
must, or must not, include in an approval.
Effect of plans etc.
114 Discharge from specified debts
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a debt repayment plan is arranged for a non-business debtor in
accordance with an approved scheme, and
(b) the plan comes into effect.
(2) The debtor is discharged from the debts that are specified in the plan.
(3) The discharge from a particular specified debt takes effect at the time when all
the required payments have been made.
(4) The required payments are the payments in respect of the debt that are
required by the provision included in the plan in accordance with section110(3).
115 Presentation of bankruptcy petition
(1) This section applies during the currency of a debt repayment plan arranged in
accordance with an approved scheme.
(2) No qualifying creditor of the debtor is to present a bankruptcy petition against
the debtor in respect of a qualifying debt, unless—
(a) regulations provide otherwise, or
(b) the creditor has the permission of a county court.
(3) A county court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (2)(b)
subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
(4) The reference to the currency of a debt repayment plan is a reference to the
period which—
(a) begins when the plan first has effect, and
(b) ends when the plan ceases to have effect.
116 Remedies other than bankruptcy
(1) This section applies in relation to a non-business debtor during a period of
protection.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes98
(2) No qualifying creditor of the debtor is to pursue any remedy for the recovery
of a qualifying debt, unless—
(a) regulations provide otherwise, or
(b) the creditor has the permission of a county court.
(3) A county court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (2)(b)
subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
(4) This section does not have any ef fect in relation to bankruptcy proceedings.
117 Charging of interest etc.
(1) This section applies in relation to a non-business debtor during a period of
protection.
(2) No qualifying creditor is to charge any sum by way of interest, fee or other
charge in respect of a qualifying debt, unless—
(a) regulations provide otherwise, or
(b) the creditor has the permission of a county court.
(3) A county court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (2)(b)
subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.
118 Stopping supplies of gas or electricity
(1) This section applies in relation to a non-business debtor during a period of
protection.
(2) In relation to the debtor, a domestic utility creditor is any person who—
(a) provides the debtor with a supply of mains gas or mains electricity for
the debtor’s own domestic purposes, and
(b) is a creditor under a qualifying debt that relates to the provision of that
supply.
(3) No domestic utility creditor is to stop the supply of gas or electricity, or the
supply of any associated services, except in the cases in subsections (4) to (7).
(4) The first case is where the reason for stopping a supply relates to the non-
payment by the debtor of charges incurred in connection with that supply afterthe start of the period of protection.
(5) The second case is where the reason for stopping a supply is unconnected with
the non-payment by the debtor of any charges incurred in connection with—
(a) that supply, or
(b) any other supply of mains gas or mains electricity, or of associated
services, that is provided by the domestic utility creditor.
(6) The third case is where regulations allow the supply to be stopped.
(7) The fourth case is where a county court gives permission to stop a supply.
(8) A county court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (7) subject
to such conditions as it thinks fit.
(9) A supply of mains gas is a supply of the kind mentioned in section 5(1)(b) of
the Gas Act 1986 (c. 44).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes99
(10) A supply of mains electricity is a supply of the kind mentioned in section
4(1)(c) of the Electricity Act 1989 (c. 29).
119 Existing county court proceedings to be stayed
(1) This section applies if these conditions are met—
(a) a debt repayment plan is arranged for a non-business debtor in
accordance with an approved scheme;
(b) proceedings in a county court (other than bankruptcy proceedings) are
pending against the debtor in respect of a qualifying debt;
(c) by virtue of section 116, the creditor under the qualifying debt is not
entitled to continue the proceedings in respect of the debt;
(d) the county court receives notice of the debt repayment plan.
(2) The county court must stay the proceedings.(3) The court may allow costs already incurred by the creditor.
(4) Subsection (5) applies if—
(a) the court allows such costs, and
(b) the qualifying debt is a specified debt.
(5) The operator of the approved scheme may, if requested to do so by—
(a) the non-business debtor, or
(b) the creditor under the qualifying debt,
add the costs to the amount specified in the plan in respect of the debt.
(6) But the operator may not add the costs under subsection (5) if, under the terms
of the approved scheme, the operator is under a duty to terminate the plan.
120 Registration of plans
(1) Regulations may make provision about the registration of either or both of the
following—
(a) any request made to the operator of an approved scheme for a debt
repayment plan to be arranged in accordance with the scheme;
(b) any debt repayment plan arranged for a non-business debtor in
accordance with an approved scheme.
(2) In subsection (1) “registration” me ans registration in the register maintained
under section 98 of the Courts Act 2003 (c. 39) (the register of judgments andorders etc).
(3) Regulations under this section may amend section 98 of the 2003 Act.
121 Other debt management arrangements in force
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a debt repayment plan is arranged for a debtor in accordance with an
approved scheme, and
(b) immediately before the plan is arranged, other debt management
arrangements are in force in respect of the debtor.
(2) The plan is not to come into effect unless the other debt management
arrangements cease to be in force.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes100
(3) Any provision (whether in the plan or elsewhere) about when the plan is to
come into effect is subject to subsection (2).
(4) If the operator of the approved scheme is aware of the other debt management
arrangements, the operator must give the relevant authority notice that theplan has been arranged.
(5) In a case where the operator is aware of other debt management arrangements
at the time the plan is arranged, it must give the notice as soon as practicableafter the plan is arranged.
(6) In a case where the operator becomes aware of those arrangements after the
plan is arranged, it must give the notice as soon as practicable after becomingaware of them.
(7) “Other debt management arrangements” means any of the following—
(a) an administration order under Part 6 of the County Courts Act 1984
(c. 28);
(b) an enforcement restriction order under Part 6A of the County Courts
Act 1984;
(c) a debt relief order under Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45).
(8) “The relevant authority” means—
(a) in relation to an administration order: the proper county court (within
the meaning of Part 6 of the County Courts Act 1984);
(b) in relation to an enforcement restriction order: the proper county court
(within the meaning of Part 6A of the County Courts Act 1984);
(c) in relation to a debt relief order: the official receiver.
(9) For the purposes of this section a debt relief order is “in force” if the
moratorium applicable to the order under section 251H of the Insolvency Act1986 has not yet ended.
Appeals
122 Right of appeal
(1) This section applies if a debt repayment plan is arranged for a debtor in
accordance with an approved scheme.
(2) An affected creditor may appeal to a county court against any of the
following—
(a) the fact that the plan has been arranged;
(b) the fact that a debt owed to the affected creditor has been specified in
the plan;
(c) the terms of the plan (including any provision included in the plan in
accordance with section 110(3)).
(3) Subsection (2)(c) does not allow an affected creditor to appeal against the fact
that a debt owed to any other creditor has been specified in the plan.
(4) In this section “affected creditor” means the creditor under any debt which is
specified in the plan.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes101
123 Dealing with appeals
(1) This section applies if an appeal is made to a county court under section 122.
(2) The county court may determine the appeal in any way that it thinks fit.
(3) The county court may make such orders as may be necessary to give effect to
the determination of the appeal.
(4) The county court may, in particular, order the scheme operator to do any of the
following—
(a) to reconsider the decision to arrange the plan;
(b) to reconsider any decision about the terms of the plan;
(c) to modify the debt repayment plan;
(d) to revoke the debt repayment plan.
(5) The county court may make such interim provision as it thinks  fit in relation to
the period before the appeal is determined.
(6) The county court is the county court to which the appeal is made.
Approved schemes: charging
124 Charges by operator of approved scheme
(1) The operator of an approved scheme may recover its costs by charging debtors
or affected creditors (or both).
(2) In this section—
“costs” means the costs which the operator incurs, taking one year with
another, in connection with the approved scheme, so far as those costsare reasonable;
“debtors” means—
(a) debtors who make requests for debt repayment plans to be
arranged in accordance with the approved scheme, and
(b) debtors for whom debt repayment plans are arranged in
accordance with the approved scheme.
Termination of approval
125 Procedure for termination
(1) Regulations may specify a procedure for terminating the approval of a debt
management scheme.
(2) Regulations under this section may, in  particular, specify a procedure that
requires any or all of the following—
(a) notice of, or the reasons for, an intended termination to be given
(whether to the supervising authority, the scheme operator, the LordChancellor or any other person);
(b) conditions to be met before a termination takes effect;
(c) a particular period of time to elapse before a termination takes effect.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes102
126 Terminating an approval
The approval of a debt management scheme may be terminated only if the
termination is in accordance with all  of the following (so far as they are
relevant)—
(a) any terms to which the approval is subject by virtue of section 113;
(b) any provision made in regulations under section 125;
(c) any other provision made in other regulations under this Chapter.
127 Alternatives to termination
(1) Regulations may make provision to allow the supervising authority to deal
with a termination case other than by terminating the approval.
(2) A termination case is a case in which the supervising authority would be
entitled to terminate the approval of a debt management scheme.
(3) Regulations under this section may, in  particular, make provision to allow the
supervising authority to transfer the operation of the scheme—
(a) to itself, or
(b) to any other body.
Effects of end of approval
128 Effects of end of approval
(1) Regulations may make provision about the effects if the approval of a debt
management scheme comes to an end.
(2) Regulations under this section may, in  particular, make provision about the
treatment of debt repayment plans arranged for non-business debtors beforethe scheme came to an end.
(3) That includes provision to treat a plan—
(a) as though the approval had not come to an end, or
(b) as though the plan had been made in accordance with a different
approved scheme.
(4) Regulations under this section may,  in particular, make provision about cases
where, at the time the scheme comes to an end, the scheme operator is in breachof a relevant obligation.
(5) That includes provision to ensure that the operator is not released from the
relevant obligation by virtue of the termination.
(6) In subsections (4) and (5) “relevant obligation” means any obligation
(including a requirement or conditi on) however arising, that relates to—
(a) the scheme in question (including its operation),
(b) the approval of that scheme, or
(c) the termination of that approval.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes103
The supervising authority
129 The supervising authority
(1) The supervising authority is—
(a) the Lord Chancellor, or
(b) any person that the Lord Chancellor has authorised to approve debt
management schemes under section 111.
(2) Subsections (3) and (4) apply in any case where an authorisation under
subsection (1)(b) starts or ends.
(3) The start or end of the authorisation does not affect the validity of an approval
that is in force at the relevant time.
(4) The new supervising authority may exercise all of its functions in relation to an
approval that is in force at the relevant time as though it had given theapproval itself.
(5) In this section—
“approval” means an approval of a debt management scheme given
under section 111;
 “relevant time” means the time when an authorisation starts or ends.
Various
130 Regulations
(1) It is for the Lord Chancellor to make regulations.
(2) The power to make regulations is ex ercisable by statutory instrument.
(3) A statutory instrument containing regulations is subject to annulment in
pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(4) But subsection (3) does not apply in the case of a statutory instrument that
contains either or both of the following—
(a) the first regulations under a particular section of this Chapter;
(b) any regulations under section 118(6);
(c) any regulations under section 120 that amend section 98 of the Courts
Act 2003 (c. 39);
(d) any regulations that amend section 122 or 123.
(5) In such a case the statutory instrument may not be made unless a draft of the
instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each Houseof Parliament.
(6) Regulations may make different provision in relation to different cases.
(7) Regulations may make any or all of the following provision if the Lord
Chancellor thinks it is necessary or expedient—
(a) supplementary, incidental or consequential provision;
(b) transitory, transitional or saving provision.
(8) Provision under subsection (7) may, in particular, amend section 122 or 123
(including by making provision for further grounds of appeal).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes104
(9) In this section (except in subsection (4)(a) to (c)) “regulations” means
regulations under any pr ovision of this Chapter.
131 Main definitions
(1) In this Chapter—
“affected creditor” has the meaning given by section 122;
“approved scheme” means a debt ma nagement scheme that is approved
under section 111;
“debt management scheme” has the meaning given by section 109;
“debt repayment plan” has the meaning given by section 110;
“non-business debtor” means any individual who—
(a) is a debtor under one or more qualifying debts, but
(b) is not a debtor under any business debts;
“period of protection” has the meaning given by section 133;“qualifying creditor” means a creditor under a qualifying debt;
“scheme operator” means the body that operates a debt management
scheme;
“specified debt” means a debt specified in a debt repayment plan;“supervising authority” has the meaning given by section 129.
(2) Any reference to a county court is subject to rules of court as to the venue for,
and transfer of, proceedings in county courts.
132 Expressions relating to debts
(1) All debts are qualifying debts, except the following—
(a) any debt secured against an asset;
(b) in relation to a debt repayment plan which has been requested or
arranged, any debt which could not, by virtue of the terms of the debtmanagement scheme, be specified in the plan.
(2) A business debt is any debt (whether or not a qualifying debt) which is
incurred by a person in the course of a business.
133 Periods of protection
(1) A “period of protection”, in relation to a non-business debtor, is a period which
begins and ends as specified in this section.
(2) The period begins if, and when, the debtor makes a request to the operator of
an approved scheme for a debt repayment plan to be arranged in accordance
with the scheme.
(3) The period ends as follows—
(a) if a debt repayment plan is not arranged in consequence of the request:
when the decision is made not to arrange the plan;
(b) if a debt repayment plan is arranged in consequence of the request:
when that plan ceases to have effect.
(4) But if other debt management arrangements are in force in relation to debtor
immediately before he makes the request, the period does not begin unless,and until, a debt repayment plan—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 5 — Debt management and relief
Chapter 4 — Debt management schemes105
(a) is arranged in consequence of the request, and
(b) comes into effect in accordance with section 121(2).
(5) In this section the reference to other deb t management arrangements which are
in force has the same meaning as such references in section 121.
PART 6
PROTECTION  OF CULTURAL  OBJECTS  ON LOAN
134 Protected objects
(1) An object is protected under section 135 if the conditions in subsection (2) are
met when it enters the United Kingdom.
(2) The conditions are—
(a) the object is usually kept outside the United Kingdom,
(b) it is not owned by a person resident in the United Kingdom,
(c) its import does not contravene a prohibition or restriction on the import
of goods, imposed by or under any enactment, that applies to the object,a part of it or anything it conceals,
(d) it is brought to the United Kingdom for public display in a temporary
exhibition at a museum or gallery, and
(e) the museum or gallery has complied with any requirements prescribed
by regulations made by the Secretary of State under this paragraphabout the publication of specified information about the object.
(3) A person owns an object for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) whether he owns
it beneficially or not and whether alone or with others.
(4) The protection continues—
(a) only so long as the object is in the United Kingdom for any of the
purposes in subsection (7), and
(b) unless subsection (5) applies, for not more than 12 months beginning
with the day when the object enters the United Kingdom.
(5) The protection continues after the end of the period specified in subsection
(4)(b) if the object has suffered damage while protected, and—
(a) it is undergoing repair, conservation or restoration in the United
Kingdom because of the damage, or
(b) it is leaving the United Kingdom following repair, conservation or
restoration because of the damage.
(6) A new period of protection begins each time an object enters the United
Kingdom and the conditions in subsection (2) are met.
(7) The purposes mentioned in subsection (4)(a) are—
(a) public display in a temporary exhibition at a museum or gallery;
(b) going to or returning from public display in a temporary exhibition at
a museum or gallery;
(c) related repair, conservation or restoration;
(d) going to or returning from related repair, conservation or restoration;
(e) leaving the United Kingdom.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 6 — Protection of cultural objects on loan106
(8) Repair, conservation or restoration is related if it is carried out in the United
Kingdom and is done—
(a) to prepare the object for public display in a temporary exhibition at a
museum or gallery, or
(b) because of damage suffered in the course of something within
subsection (7).
(9) The Secretary of State may make regulation s requiring a museum or gallery to
provide persons with specified  information about an object in specified
circumstances (which may include in pa rticular compliance with conditions
imposed by or under the regulations).
(10) Regulations under this section—
(a) may not be made without the consent of the Scottish Ministers, the
Welsh Ministers and the Department for Culture, Art and Leisure inNorthern Ireland, and
(b) must be made by statutory instrument.
(11) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this section is subject to
annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
135 Effect of protection
(1) While an object is protected under this section it may not be seized or forfeited
under any enactment or rule of law, unless—
(a) it is seized or forfeited under or by virtue of an order made by a court
in the United Kingdom, and
(b) the court is required to make the order under, or under provision
giving effect to, a Community obligation or any international treaty.
(2) Protection under this section does not affect liability for an offence of
importing, exporting or otherwise dealing with the object, but (subject tosubsection (1)) any power of arrest or otherwise to prevent such an offence isnot exercisable so as to prevent the object leaving the United Kingdom.
(3) In this section, references to seizure or fo rfeiture in relation to an object include
references to—
(a) taking control of the object under Schedule 12 (in England and Wales);
(b) execution or distress (in England and Wales or Northern Ireland);
(c) diligence or sequestration (in Scotland);
(d) seizure, confiscation or forfeiture, or any other measure relating to the
custody or control of the object, in the course of a criminal investigationor criminal proceedings (against the owner, the museum or gallery orany other person);
(e) the making or enforcement of an order relating to the custody or control
of the object in civil proceedings (against the owner, the museum orgallery or any other person).
136 Relevant museums and galleries
(1) In this Part “museum or gallery” me ans an institution in the United Kingdom
approved under this section by the appropriate authority.
(2) The matters that the appropriate authority must have regard to when deciding
whether to approve an institution include—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 6 — Protection of cultural objects on loan107
(a) the institution’s procedures for establishing the provenance and
ownership of objects, and
(b) in particular, compliance by the institution with guidance about such
procedures published by the Secretary of State from time to time.
(3) The appropriate authority may withdraw approval from an institution if it
thinks fit, and, in particular, if—
(a) it thinks that the institution’s procedures for establishing the
provenance or ownership of objects are inadequate (because of theinstitution’s failure to comply with guidance published by theSecretary of State or for some other reason), or
(b) the institution has failed to c omply with a requirement of regulations
under section 134(9).
(4) The withdrawal of approval from an institution does not affect the application
of sections 134 and 135 to any object which is a protected object immediatelybefore the withdrawal.
(5) In this section “the appropriate authority” means—
(a) the Secretary of State, in relati on to an institution in England,
(b) the Welsh Ministers, in r elation to an institution in Wales,
(c) the Scottish Ministers, in relation  to an institution in Scotland, and
(d) the Department for Culture, Art and Leisure, in relation to an
institution in Northern Ireland.
137 Interpretation
(1) The following apply for the purposes of this Part.
(2) “Enactment” includes an enactment comprise d in, or in an instrument made
under, an Act of the Scottish Parliament.
(3) “Public display” means display to which the public are admitted, on payment
or not, but does not include display with a view to sale.
(4) “Temporary exhibition” means an exhibition of one or more objects which is
open to the public for a period of less than twelve months, whether at a singlelocation or at a succession of locations.
(5) A temporary exhibition is at a museum or gallery if it is held at or under the
direction of the museum or gallery.
(6) An individual is resident in the United Kingdom if he is ordinarily resident in
the United Kingdom for the purposes of income tax, or would be if he werereceiving income on which tax is payable.
(7) The trustees of a settlement (or, in Scotland, the trustees of a trust) are resident
in the United Kingdom if they are resident and ordinarily resident in theUnited Kingdom for the purposes of income tax, or would be if they werereceiving income on which tax is payable.
(8) A partnership (including a limited partnership) or unincorporated association
is resident in the United Kingdom if it is established under the law of any part
of the United Kingdom.
(9) A body corporate is resident in the United Kingdom if it is incorporated under
the law of any part of the United Kingdom.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 6 — Protection of cultural objects on loan108
(10) “United Kingdom” includes the territorial sea adjacent to the United Kingdom
(within the meaning given by section 1 of the Territorial Sea Act 1987 (c. 49)).
138 Crown application
This Part binds the Crown.
PART 7
MISCELLANEOUS
Compulsory purchase
139 Enforcement by enforcement officers
(1) In section 3 of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 (c. 18) (interpretations
in this and the special Act), at the end insert—
“Where any matter in relation to any lands is required to be done
by an enforcement officer, the expression “the enforcementofficer” means the officer or officers identified for that purpose
in paragraph 3A of Schedule 7 to the Courts Act 2003.”
(2) In section 91 of that Act (proceedings in case of refusal to deliver possession of
lands)—
(a) after “the sheriff” in the first place insert “or the enforcement officer”;
(b) for “the sheriff” in the second place substitute “the person to whom it is
issued”;
(c) for “the sheriff” in the third place substitute “the person executing the
warrant”;
(d) after the existing words, which (as amended) become subsection (1),
insert—
“(2) If, by virtue of paragraph 3A of Schedule 7 to the Courts Act
2003, the warrant is issued to two or more persons collectively,the duty in subsection (1) to deliver possession of lands shallapply to the person to whom the warrant is allocated inaccordance with the approved arrangements mentioned in thatSchedule.”
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) extend only to England and Wales.(4) Section 13 of the Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 (c. 56) (refusal to give
possession to acquiring authority) is amended as follows.
(5) In subsection (1), for the words from “the sheriff” to the end substitute “—
(a) the sheriff, or
(b) the enforcement officer,
to deliver possession of it to the person appointed in the warrant to
receive it.”
(6) In subsection (2), for “the sheriff” su bstitute “the person to whom it is issued”.
(7) After subsection (2) insert—
“(2A) If, by virtue of paragraph 3A of Schedule 7 to the Courts Act 2003, the
warrant is issued to two or more persons collectively, the duty inTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 7 — Miscellaneous109
subsection (2) of this section shall apply to the person to whom the
warrant is allocated in accordance with the approved arrangementsmentioned in that Schedule.”
(8) In subsection (3), for “the sheriff” substitute “the person executing the
warrant”.
(9) In subsection (6), after “In this section” insert “—
“the enforcement officer”, in relation to a warrant to deliver
possession of land under this section, means the officer orofficers identified for that purpose in paragraph 3A of Schedule7 to the Courts Act 2003, and”.
(10) Schedule 22 makes consequential amendments.
140 Supplementary
(1) Schedule 7 to the Courts Act 2003 (c. 39) (High Court writs of execution) is
amended as follows.
(2) After paragraph 3 insert—
“Issue of certain warrants to enforcement officers
3A (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies for the purpose of identifying the
enforcement officer to whom a warrant may be issued under—
(a) section 91(1) of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845
(proceedings in case of refusal to deliver possession of lands),or
(b) section 13(1) of the Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 (refusal to
give possession to acquiring authority).
(2) The enforcement officer, in relation to such a warrant, is—
(a) the enforcement officer assigned to a relevant district or, if
two or more enforcement officers are assigned to that district,those officers collectively, or
(b) a named enforcement officer who, whether or not assigned to
a relevant district, has undertaken to execute the warrant.
(3) In sub-paragraph (2), “a relevant district”, in relation to a warrant,
means—
(a) the district where the land in respect of which the warrant
was issued is situated, or
(b) if that land (being land in one ownership) is not situated
wholly in one district, a district  where any part of that land is
situated.”
(3) Paragraph 4 is amended as set out in subsections (4) to (7).
(4) In sub-paragraph (1), at the end insert “and warrants issued to one or more
enforcement officers under an enactment mentioned in paragraph 3A(1)(a) or(b)”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 7 — Miscellaneous110
(5) After sub-paragraph (2) insert—
 “(2A) The relevant officer has, in relation to the warrant, the duties,
powers, rights, privileges and liabilities that a sheriff of a countywould have had at common law if—
(a) the warrant had been issued to him, and
(b) the district in which it is to be executed had been within his
county.”
(6) For sub-paragraph (3) substitute—
 “(3) “The relevant officer” means—
(a) in relation to a writ—
(i) if the writ is directed to a single enforcement officer
under paragraph 3(1)(a) or (c), that officer;
(ii) if the writ is directed to two or more enforcement
officers collectively under paragraph 3(1)(b), theofficer to whom, in accordance with approved
arrangements, the execution of the writ is allocated,
(b) in relation to a warrant—
(i) if the warrant is issued to a single enforcement officer
in accordance with paragraph 3A(2)(a) or (b), thatofficer;
(ii) if the warrant is issued to two or more enforcement
officers collectively in accordance with paragraph
3A(2)(a), the officer to whom, in accordance withapproved arrangements, the execution of the warrantis allocated.”
(7) For sub-paragraph (4) substitute—
 “(4) Sub-paragraphs (2) and (2A) apply  to a person acting under the
authority of the relevant officer as they apply to the relevant officer.”
(8) In paragraph 5, after “writ” insert “or warrant”.
(9) In paragraph 12(2)(d)(ii), after “officers” insert “, or warrants issued to
enforcement officers under an enactment mentioned in paragraph 3A(1)(a) or(b),”.
(10) Accordingly—
(a) in section 99 of that Act (High Court writs of execution), in subsection
(1) at the end insert “and about warrants issued in connection with thecompulsory acquisition of land”;
(b) in Schedule 7 to that Act—
(i) for the heading “High Court Writs of Execution” substitute
“Enforcement of Certain Writs and Warrants”;
(ii) in the heading immediately preceding paragraph 1, for “of
execution” substitute “and warrants”.
Judicial review
141 Judicial review: power to substitute decision
In section 31 of the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) (application for judicialTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 7 — Miscellaneous111
review), for subsection (5) substitute—
“(5) If, on an application for judicial review, the High Court quashes the
decision to which the application relates, it may in addition—
(a) remit the matter to the court, tribunal or authority which made
the decision, with a direction to reconsider the matter and reacha decision in accordance with the findings of the High Court, or
(b) substitute its own decision for the decision in question.
(5A) But the power conferred by subsection (5)(b) is exercisable only if—
(a) the decision in question was made by a court or tribunal,
(b) the decision is quashed on the ground that there has been an
error of law, and
(c) without the error, there would have been only one decision
which the court or tribunal could have reached.
(5B) Unless the High Court otherwise directs, a decision substituted by it
under subsection (5)(b) has effect as if  it were a decision of the relevant
court or tribunal.”
Employment tribunals: ACAS
142 Recovery of sums payable under compromises involving ACAS
In the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17), after section 19 insert—
“19A Conciliation: recovery of sums payable under compromises
(1) Subsections (3) to (6) apply if—
(a) a conciliation officer—
(i) has taken action under section 18 in a case, and
(ii) issues a certificate in writing stating that a compromise
has been reached in the case, and
(b) all of the terms of the compromise are set out—
(i) in a single relevant document, or
(ii) in a combination of two or more relevant documents.
(2) A document is a “relevant document” for the purposes of subsection (1)
if—
(a) it is the certificate, or
(b) it is a document that is referred to in the certificate or that is
referred to in a document that is within this paragraph.
(3) Any sum payable by a person under the terms of the compromise (a
“compromise sum”) shall, subject to subsections (4) to (7), berecoverable—
(a) in England and Wales, by execution issued from a county court
or otherwise as if the sum were payable under an order of thatcourt;
(b) in Scotland, by diligence as if the certificate were an extract
registered decree arbitral bearing a warrant for execution issuedby the sheriff court of any sheriffdom in Scotland.
(4) A compromise sum is not recoverable under subsection (3) if—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 7 — Miscellaneous112
(a) the person by whom it is payable applies for a declaration that
the sum would not be recoverable from him under the generallaw of contract, and
(b) that declaration is made.
(5) If rules of court so provide, a compromise sum is not recoverable under
subsection (3) during the period—
(a) beginning with the issue of the certificate, and
(b) ending at such time as may be  specified in, or determined
under, rules of court.
(6) If the terms of the compromise provide for the person to whom a
compromise sum is payable to do anything in addition to discontinuingor not starting proceedings, that sum is recoverable by him undersubsection (3)—
(a) in England and Wales, only if a county court so orders;
(b) in Scotland, only if the sheriff so orders.
(7) Once an application has been made for a declaration under subsection
(4) in relation to a sum, no further reliance may be placed on subsection(3) for the recovery of the sum while the application is pending.
(8) An application for a declaration under subsection (4) may be made to
an employment tribunal, a county court or the sheriff.
(9) Employment tribunal procedure regulations may (in particular) make
provision as to the time within which an application to an employmenttribunal for a declaration under subsection (4) is to be made.
(10) Rules of court may make provision as to—
(a) the time within which an application to a county court for a
declaration under subsection (4) is to be made;
(b) the time within which an  application to the sheriff for a
declaration under subsection (4) is to be made;
(c) when an application (whether made to a county court, the
sheriff or an employment tribunal) for a declaration undersubsection (4) is pending for the purposes of subsection (7).
(11) Nothing in this section shall be taken to prejudice any rights or
remedies that a person has apart from this section.
(12) In this section “compromise” (except in the phrase “compromise sum”)
means a settlement, or compromise, to avoid proceedings or bringproceedings to an end.”
Design rights: appeals
143 Appeals in relation to design rights
(1) Section 28 of the Registered Designs Act 1949 (c. 88) (which provides that
appeals under that Act from decisions of the Comptroller-General of PatentsDesigns and Trade Marks lie to th e Appeal Tribunal established by that
section) ceases to have effect.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 7 — Miscellaneous113
(2) After section 27 of that Act insert—
“27A Appeals from decisions of registrar
(1) In this section “appeal” means an appeal from the registrar under this
Act.
(2) An appeal lies to the court, subject to subsection (4).
(3) On an appeal, the court may exercise any power which could have been
exercised by the registrar in the proceeding from which the appeal isbrought.
(4) An appeal brought in England and Wales must, if there is a patents
county court that has jurisdiction to entertain the appeal by virtue of anorder under section 287 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,be brought in such a patents county court.
(5) Subsection (4) is not to be taken to prejudice the application of section
42 of the County Courts Act 1984 (transfer of proceedings to HighCourt by order of county court) in relation to proceedings on an appealbrought in a patents county court.
(6) Rules of court may make provision as to the exercise of the power
under section 42(2) of that Act in relation to proceedings on an appealbrought in a patents county court.”
(3) In section 249 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c. 48) (appeals
as to terms of licence of right)—
(a) in subsection (1), for “the Appeal Tribunal constituted under section 28
of the Registered Designs Act 1949” substitute “the court”, and
(b) after that subsection insert—
“(1A) In subsection (1) “the court” means—
(a) in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the High
Court;
(b) in Scotland, the Court of Session.”
P
ART 8
GENERAL
144 Protected functions of the Lord Chancellor
(1) In Schedule 7 to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (protected functions
of the Lord Chancellor) Part A of the list in paragraph 4 is amended as follows.
(2) In the entry for the London Building Acts (Amendment) Act 1939 (c. xcvii) after
“109(2)” insert “and (4)”.
(3) Insert in the appropriate place—
“Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32)
Section 6A
Section 15BSchedule 3A”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 8 — General114
(4) Insert in the appropriate place—
“Charging Orders Act 1979 (c. 53)
Section 3A”.
(5) In the entries for the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) for “Section 91(6)”
substitute “Section 91(1), (1A) and (6)”.
(6) In the entries for the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) insert in the appropriate
place—
“Section 85(2)
Part 6Part 6A”.
(7) In the entry for section 26(5), (6) and (9) of the Judicial Pensions and Retirement
Act 1993 (c. 8), for “and (9)” substitute “, (9) and (13)”.
(8) In the entries for the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17) insert in the
appropriate place—
“Section 5A
Section 7A
Section 29A”.
(9) In the entry for the Social Security Act 1998 (c. 14) insert in the appropriate
place—
“Section 7(6A)”.
(10) In the entries for the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41)—
(a) insert in the appropriate place—
“Section 107”;
(b) in the entry for Schedule 4, for “and 7” substitute “, 7 and 14”.
(11) Insert in the appropriate place—
“Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
Part 1
Section 51
Part 3Sections 95 to 102”.
145 Power to make supplementary or other provision
(1) The Lord Chancellor (or, in relation to Chapter 3 of Part 5 only, the Secretary
of State) may by order make any supplementary, incidental, consequential,transitory, transitional or saving provision which he considers necessary orexpedient for the purposes of, in consequence of, or for giving full effect to, anyprovision of this Act.
(2) An order under this section may in particular—
(a) provide for any provision of this  Act which comes into force before
another to have effect, until that other provision has come into force,with modifications specified in the order;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 8 — General115
(b) amend, repeal or revoke any enactment other than one contained in an
Act or instrument passed or made after the Session in which this Act ispassed.
(3) The amendments that may be made by an order under this section are in
addition to those made by or under any other provision of this Act.
(4) An order under this section may make different provision for different
purposes.
(5) The power to make an order under this section is exercisable by statutory
instrument.
(6) A statutory instrument containing an or der under this section, unless it is an
order to which subsection (7) applies, is subject to annulment in pursuance ofa resolution of either House of Parliament.
(7) No order amending or repealing an enactment contained in an Act may be
made under this section unless a draft of the order has been laid before andapproved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.
146 Repeals
Schedule 23 contains repeals.
147 Extent
(1) Parts 1, 2 and 6 and this Part ex tend to England and Wales, Scotland and
Northern Ireland.
(2) The other provisions of this Act extend only to England and Wales.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) are subject to subsections (4) and (5).
(4) Unless provided otherwise, amendments, repeals and revocations in this Act
extend to any part of the United Kingdom to which the provisions amended,repealed or revoked extend.
(5) The following extend also to the Isle of Man—
(a) section 143(1) and (2),
(b) the repeal by this Act of any provision specified in Part 6 of Schedule 23
that extends to the Isle of Man,
(c) sections 145 and 148(5) to (7) so far as relating to—
(i) section 143(1) and (2), and
(ii) the provisions of this Act by which the repeals mentioned in
paragraph (b) are effected, and
(d) this section and section 149.
148 Commencement
(1) Section 60 comes into force at the end of the period of two months beginning
with the day on which this Act is passed.
(2) The provisions of Chapter 3 of Part  5 come into force in accordance with
provision made by the Lord Chancellor or the Secretary of State by order.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Part 8 — General116
(3) The provisions of Part 6 come into force, except as provided by subsection (4),
in accordance with provision made by the Secretary of State by order.
(4) The provisions of Part 6 come into force, in so far as they extend to Scotland, in
accordance with provision made by the Scottish Ministers by order.
(5) The remaining provisions of this Act, except sections 53, 55, 56, 57, 145, 147,
149, this section and Schedule 11, co me into force in accordance with provision
made by the Lord Chancellor by order.
(6) An order under this section may make different provision for different
purposes.
(7) The power to make an order under this section is exercisable by statutory
instrument.
149 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Tribun als, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals117
SCHEDULES
SCHEDULE 1 Section 2
SENIOR  PRESIDENT  OF TRIBUNALS
PART 1
RECOMMENDATIONS  FOR APPOINTMENT
Duty to fill vacancies
1 (1) If there is a vacancy in the office of Senior President of Tribunals, the Lord
Chancellor must recommend a person for appointment to that office.
(2) Sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to a vacancy while the Lord Chief Justice
of England and Wales agrees that it may remain unfilled.
The two routes to a recommendation: agreement under this paragraph or selection under Part 2
2 (1) Before the Lord Chancellor may recommend a person for appointment to the
office of Senior President of Tribunals, the Lord Chancellor must consult—
(a) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,
(b) the Lord President of the Court of Session, and
(c) the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.
(2) Sub-paragraphs (3) and (4) apply if— 
(a) the outcome of consultation under sub-paragraph (1) is agreement
between—
(i) the Lord Chancellor,
(ii) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,
(iii) the Lord President of the Court of Session, and
(iv) the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland,
as to the person to be recommended, and
(b) the person is—
(i) an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England and
Wales,
(ii) a judge of the Court of Session who is a member of the First
or Second Division of the Inner House of that Court, or
(iii) a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland.
(3) The Lord Chancellor must recommend the person for appointment to the
office of Senior President of Tribunals, subject to sub-paragraph (4).
(4) Where the person—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals
Part 1 — Recommendations for appointment118
(a) declines to be recommended, or does not agree within a time
specified to him for that purpose, or
(b) is otherwise not available within a reasonable time to be
recommended,
the Lord Chancellor must, instead of recommending the person for
appointment, consult afresh under sub-paragraph (1).
(5) If the Lord Chancellor has consulted under sub-paragraph (1) but sub-
paragraphs (3) and (4) do not apply following that consultation, the LordChancellor must make a request to the Judicial Appointments Commissionfor a person to be selected for recommendation for appointment to the officeof Senior President of Tribunals.
P
ART 2
SELECTION  BY THE JUDICIAL  APPOINTMENTS  COMMISSION
Eligibility for selection
3 A person is eligible for selection in pursuance of a request under paragraph
2(5) only if—
(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 7-year
basis,
(b) he is an advocate or solicitor in  Scotland of at least seven years’
standing, or
(c) he is a barrister or solicitor in Northern Ireland of at least seven
years’ standing.
The selection process
4 In Chapter 2 of Part 4 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)
(appointments), after section 75 insert—
“Senior President of Tribunals
75A Sections 75B to 75G apply where request made for selection
(1) Sections 75B to 75G apply where the Lord Chancellor makes a
request to the Commission under paragraph 2(5) of Schedule 1 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (request for person tobe selected for recommendation for appointment to the office ofSenior President of Tribunals).
(2) Those sections are subject to section 95 (withdrawal and
modification of requests).
75B Selection process
(1) On receiving a request the Commission must appoint a selection
panel.
(2) The panel must —
(a) determine the selection process to be applied,
(b) apply the selection process, and
(c) make a selection accordingly.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals
Part 2 — Selection by the Judicial Appointments Commission119
(3) As part of the selection process the panel must consult—
(a) the Lord Chief Justice, if not a member of the panel,
(b) the Lord President of the Court of Session, if not a member of
the panel, and
(c) the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, if not a member of
the panel.
(4) One person only must be selected for the recommendation to which
a request relates.
(5) Subsection (4) applies to selection under this section and to selection
under section 75G.
(6) A selection panel is a committee of the Commission.
75C Selection panel
(1) The selection panel must consist of four members.
(2) The first member is the Lord Chief Justice, or his nominee.
(3) The second member is a person designated by the Lord Chief Justice.(4) Unless subsection (7) applies, the third member is the chairman of
the Commission or his nominee.
(5) The fourth member is a lay member of the Commission designated
by the third member.
(6) Subsection (7) applies if—
(a) there is no chairman of the Commission, or
(b) the chairman of the Commission is unavailable and has not
nominated a person under subsection (4).
(7) In those cases the third member is a lay member of the Commission
selected by the lay members of the Commission other than thechairman.
(8) A nominee of the Lord Chief Justice must be a Head of Division or a
Lord Justice of Appeal.
(9) The person designated under subsection (3) must be—
(a) a person who holds, or has held, the office of Senior President
of Tribunals,
(b) a person who holds, or has held, office as a Chamber
President of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or of achamber of the Upper Tribunal, or
(c) a person who holds, or has held, an office that, in the opinion
of the Lord Chief Justice, is such that a holder of it wouldacquire knowledge or experience of tribunals broadly similarto that which would be acquired by—
(i) a person who holds the office of Senior President of
Tribunals, or
(ii) a person who holds office as a Chamber President of
a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, or
(iii) a person who holds office as a Chamber President of
a chamber of the Upper Tribunal.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals
Part 2 — Selection by the Judicial Appointments Commission120
(10) Before designating a person under subsection (3), the Lord Chief
Justice must consult—
(a) the Lord President of the Court of Session, and
(b) the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.
(11) A person may not be appointed to the panel if he is willing to be
considered for selection.
(12) A person may not be appointed to the panel as the nominee of more
than one person.
(13) A person appointed to the panel otherwise than as a nominee may
not be a nominee.
(14) The first member is the chairman of the panel.
(15) On any vote by the panel the chairman of the panel has an additional,
casting vote in the event of a tie.
75D Report
(1) After complying with section 75B( 2) the selection panel must submit
a report to the Lord Chancellor.
(2) The report must—
(a) state who has been selected;
(b) contain any other info rmation required by the Lord
Chancellor.
(3) The report must be in a form approved by the Lord Chancellor.(4) After submitting the report the panel must provide any further
information the Lord Chancellor may require.
75E The Lord Chancellor’s options
(1) This section refers to the following stages—
(2) At stage 1 the Lord Chancellor must do one of the following—
(a) accept the selection;
(b) reject the selection;
(c) require the selection pan el to reconsider the selection.
(3) At stage 2 the Lord Chancellor must do one of the following—
(a) accept the selection;
(b) reject the selection, but only if it was made following a
reconsideration at stage 1;Stage 1: where a person has been selected under
section 75B
Stage 2: where a person has been selected following a
rejection or reconsideration at stage 1
Stage 3: where a person has been selected following a
rejection or reconsideration at stage 2Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals
Part 2 — Selection by the Judicial Appointments Commission121
(c) require the selection panel  to reconsider the selection, but
only if it was made following a rejection at stage 1.
(4) At stage 3 the Lord Chancellor must accept the selection, unless
subsection (5) applies and he accepts a selection under it.
(5) If a person whose selection the Lord Chancellor required to be
reconsidered at stage 1 or 2 was not selected again at the next stage,the Lord Chancellor may, at stage 3,  accept the selection made at that
earlier stage.
75F Exercise of powers to reject or require reconsideration
(1) The power of the Lord Chancellor under section 75E to reject a
selection at stage 1 or 2 is exercisable only on the grounds that, in theLord Chancellor’s opinion, the person selected is not suitable for theoffice of Senior President of Tribunals.
(2) The power of the Lord Chancellor under section 75E to require the
selection panel to reconsider a selection at stage 1 or 2 is exercisableonly on the grounds that, in the Lord Chancellor’s opinion—
(a) there is not enough evidence that the person is suitable for
the office of Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) there is evidence that the person is not the best candidate on
merit.
(3) The Lord Chancellor must give the selection panel reasons in writing
for rejecting or requiring reconsideration of a selection.
75G Selection following rejection or requirement to reconsider
(1) If under section 75F the Lord Chancellor rejects or requires
reconsideration of a selection at stage 1 or 2, the selection panel mustselect a person in accordance with this section.
(2) If the Lord Chancellor rejects a selection, the selection panel—
(a) may not select the person rejected, and
(b) where the rejection is following reconsideration of a
selection, may not select the person (if different) whose
selection it reconsidered.
(3) If the Lord Chancellor requires a selection to be reconsidered, the
selection panel—
(a) may select the same person or a different person, but
(b) where the requirement is following a rejection, may not select
the person rejected.
(4) The selection panel must inform th e Lord Chancellor of the person
selected following a rejection or a requirement to reconsider.
(5) Subsections (2) and (3) do not prevent a person being selected on a
subsequent request under paragraph 2(5) of Schedule 1 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.”
Withdrawal and modification of requests under paragraph 2(5)
5 (1) Section 95 of the Constitutional Refo rm Act 2005 (c. 4) (withdrawal and
modification of requests) is amended as follows.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals
Part 2 — Selection by the Judicial Appointments Commission122
(2) In subsection (1) (application of section),  after “87” insert “or paragraph 2(5)
of Schedule 1 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007”.
(3) In subsection (4) (limitation on withdrawal of request under subsection
(2)(c)), after “73(2),” insert “75E(2),”.
PART 3
TERMS  OF OFFICE
Tenure, removal, resignation etc.
6( 1 ) I f —
(a) a person appointed to the office of Senior President of Tribunals is
appointed on terms that provide for him to retire from the office at aparticular time specified in those terms (“the end of the fixed-term”),and
(b) the end of the fixed-term is earlier than the time at which the person
is required by the 1993 Act to retire from the office,
the person shall, if still holding the office at the end of the fixed-term, vacate
the office at the end of the fixed-term.
(2) Subject to sub-paragraph (1) (and  to the 1993 Act), a person appointed to the
office of Senior President of Tribunals shall hold that office during goodbehaviour, subject to a power of removal by Her Majesty on an addresspresented to Her by both Houses of Parliament.
(3) It is for the Lord Chancellor to recommend to Her Majesty the exercise of the
power of removal under sub-paragraph (2).
(4) In this paragraph “the 1993 Act” means the Judicial Pensions and Retirement
Act 1993 (c. 8). 
7 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a person appointed to the office of Senior
President of Tribunals on a recommendation made under paragraph 2(3).
(2) The person ceases to be Senior Presiden t of Tribunals if he ceases to fall
within paragraph 2(2)(b).
8 A person who holds the office of Senior President of Tribunals may at any
time resign that office by giving the Lo rd Chancellor notice in writing to that
effect.
9 (1) The Lord Chancellor, if satisfied by means of a medical certificate that a
person holding the office of Senior President of Tribunals—
(a) is disabled by permanent infirmity from the performance of the
duties of the office, and
(b) is for the time being incapacitated from resigning the office,
may, subject to sub-paragraph (2), by instrument under his hand declare the
person to have vacated the office; and the in strument shall have the like
effect for all purposes as if the person had on the date of the instrumentresigned the office.
(2) A declaration under sub-paragraph (1) with respect to a person shall be of
no effect unless it is made with the concurrence of—
(a) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,
(b) the Lord President of the Court of Session, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals
Part 3 — Terms of office123
(c) the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.
Remuneration, allowances and expenses
10 The Lord Chancellor may pay to the Senior President of Tribunals such
amounts (if any) as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Oaths
11 (1) A person appointed to the office of Senior President of Tribunals must take
the required oaths in the presence of—
(a) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, or
(b) another holder of high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of
the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)) who is nominated by theLord Chief Justice of England and Wales for the purpose of takingthe oaths from the person.
(2) Sub-paragraph (1) applies whether or not the person has previously taken
the required oaths after accepting another office.
(3) In this paragraph “the required oaths” means—
(a) the oath of allegiance, and
(b) the judicial oath,
as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 (c. 72).
P
ART 4
CERTAIN  FUNCTIONS  OF THE SENIOR  PRESIDENT
Meaning of “tribunal member”
12 (1) For the purposes of this Part of this Schedule, each of the following is a
“tribunal member”—
(a) a judge, or other member, of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper
Tribunal,
(b) any member of the Asylu m and Immigration Tribunal,
(c) a member of a panel of members of employment tribunals (whether
or not a panel of chairmen),
(d) a judge, or other member, of the Employment Appeal Tribunal, and
(e) a person who is, or is a member of , a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6
that has effect for the purposes of section 30.
(2) In this Part of this Schedule “tribunals” means—
(a) the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) the Upper Tribunal,
(c) the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal,
(d) employment tribunals,
(e) the Employment Appeal Tribunal, and
(f) any tribunal in a list in Schedule 6 that has effect for the purposes of
section 30.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 1 — Senior President of Tribunals
Part 4 — Certain functions of the Senior President124
Representations to Parliament
13 The Senior President of Tribunals may lay before Parliament written
representations on matters that appear to him to be matters of importancerelating—
(a) to tribunal members, or
(b) otherwise to the administration of justice by tribunals.
Representation of views of tribunal members
14 The Senior President of Tribunals is responsible for representing the views
of tribunal members to Parliament, to the Lord Chancellor and to Ministersof the Crown generally.
SCHEDULE 2
Section 4
JUDGES  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF THE FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL
Power to appoint judges of First-tier Tribunal
1 (1) The Lord Chancellor may appoint a person to be one of the judges of the
First-tier Tribunal.
(2) A person is eligible for appointment under sub-paragraph (1) only if the
person—
(a) satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year
basis,
(b) is an advocate or solicitor in Scotlan d of at least five years’ standing,
(c) is a barrister or solicitor in Northern Ireland of at least five years’
standing, or
(d) in the Lord Chancellor’s opinion, has gained experience in law
which makes the person as suitable for appointment as if the personsatisfied any of paragraphs (a) to (c).
(3) Section 52(2) to (5) (meaning of “gain experience in law”) apply for the
purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(d), but as if section 52(4)(i) referred to theLord Chancellor instead of to the relevant decision-maker.
Power to appoint other members of First-tier Tribunal
2 (1) The Lord Chancellor may appoint a person to be one of the members of the
First-tier Tribunal who are not judges of the tribunal.
(2) A person is eligible for appointment under sub-paragraph (1) only if the
person has qualifications prescribed in an order made by the LordChancellor with the concurrence of the Senior President of Tribunals.
Appointed and transferred-in judges and other members: removal from office
3 (1) This paragraph applies to any power by which—
(a) a person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),
(b) a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal, or
(c) a transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 2 — Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal125
may be removed from office.
(2) If the person exercises functions wholly or mainly in Scotland, the power
may be exercised only with the concurrence of the Lord President of theCourt of Session.
(3) If the person exercises functions wholly or  mainly in Northern Ireland, the
power may be exercised only with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justiceof Northern Ireland.
(4) If neither of sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) applies, the power may be exercised
only with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.
Terms of appointment
4 (1) This paragraph applies—
(a) to a person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),
(b) to a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal, and
(c) to a transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal.
(2) If the terms of the person’s appointment provide that he is appointed on a
salaried (as opposed to fee-paid) basis, the person may be removed fromoffice—
(a) only by the Lord Chancellor (an d in accordance with paragraph 3),
and
(b) only on the ground of inability or misbehaviour.
(3) Subject to sub-paragraph (2) (and to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement
Act 1993 (c. 8)), the person is to hold and vacate office in accordance with theterms of his appointment.
Remuneration, allowances and expenses
5 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies—
(a) to a person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),
(b) to a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal, and
(c) to a transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may pay to a person to whom this sub-paragraph
applies such amounts (if any) as th e Lord Chancellor may determine by way
of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Certain judges neither appointed under paragraph 1(1) nor transferred in
6 (1) In this paragraph “judge by request of the First-tier Tribunal” means a
person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal but who—
(a) is not the Senior President of Tribunals,
(b) is not a judge of the First-tier Tribunal appointed under paragraph
1(1),
(c) is not a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal,
(d) is not a Chamber President, or Acting Chamber President or Deputy
Chamber President, of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 2 — Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal126
(e) is not a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of section 4(1)(e)
(chairman of employment tribunal),
(f) is not a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of section 4(1)(d) or
by virtue of the combination of sections 4(1)(c) and 5(1)(d) (legallyqualified member of Asylum and Immigration Tribunal), and
(g) is not a judge of the First-tier tribunal by virtue of section 4(2)
(criminal injuries compensation adjudicator appointed by theScottish Ministers).
(2) A judge by request of the First-tier Tribunal may act as a judge of the First-
tier Tribunal only if requested to do so by the Senior President of Tribunals.
(3) Such a request made to a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by
virtue of the combination of sections 4(1) (c) and 5(1)(g) may be made only
with—
(a) the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
where the person is—
(i) an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England and
Wales,
(ii) a puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales,
(iii) a circuit judge,
(iv) a district judge in England and Wales, or
(v) a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts);
(b) the concurrence of the Lord President of the Court of Session where
the person is—
(i) a judge of the Court of Session, or
(ii) a sheriff;
(c) the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland where
the person is—
(i) a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,
(ii) a puisne judge of the High Court in Northern Ireland,
(iii) a county court judge in Northern Ireland, or
(iv) a district judge in Northern Ireland.
(4) Sub-paragraph (5) applies—
(a) to a judge by request of the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) to a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of
section 4(1)(e) (chairman of employment tribunal), and
(c) to a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of
section 4(1)(d) or by virtue of the co mbination of sections 4(1)(c) and
5(1)(d) (legally qualified member of Asylum and ImmigrationTribunal).
(5) The Lord Chancellor may pay to a person to whom this sub-paragraph
applies such amounts (if any) as th e Lord Chancellor may determine by way
of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 2 — Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal127
Other members neither appointed under paragraph 2(1) nor transferred in
7 (1) In this paragraph “ ex officio  member of the First-tier Tribunal” means a
person who is a member of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of—
(a) section 4(3)(d) (members of employment tribunals who are not
chairmen),
(b) the combination of sections 4(3)(c) and 5(2)(c) (members of
Employment Appeal Tribunal appointed under section 22(1)(c) ofthe Employment Tribunals Act 1996), or
(c) the combination of sections 4(3)(c) and 5(2)(d) (members of Asylum
and Immigration Tribunal who are not legally qualified members).
(2) The Lord Chancellor may pay to an ex officio  member of the First-tier
Tribunal such amounts (if any) as th e Lord Chancellor may determine by
way of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Training etc.
8 The Senior President of Tribunals is responsible, within the resources made
available by the Lord Chancellor, for the maintenance of appropriate
arrangements for the training, guidance and welfare of judges and other
members of the First-tier Tribunal (in their capacities as such judges andother members).
Oaths
9 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a person (“J”)—
(a) who is appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1), or
(b) who becomes a transferred-in judge, or a transferred-in other
member, of the First-tier Tribunal and has not previously taken therequired oaths after accepting another office.
(2) J must take the required oaths before—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) an eligible person who is nominated by the Senior President of
Tribunals for the purpose of taking the oaths from J.
(3) A person is eligible for the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(b) if any one or
more of the following paragraphs applies to him—
(a) he holds high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4));
(b) he holds judicial office (as defined in section 109(4) of that Act);
(c) he holds (in Scotland) the office of sheriff.
(4) In this paragraph “the requi red oaths” means (subject to sub-paragraph
(5))—
(a) the oath of allegiance, and
(b) the judicial oath,
as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 (c. 72).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 2 — Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal128
(5) Where it appears to the Lord Chancellor that J will carry out functions as a
judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal wholly or mainly inNorthern Ireland, the Lord Chancellor may direct that in relation to J “therequired oaths” means—
(a) the oath as set out in section 19(2) of the Justice (Northern Ireland)
Act 2002 (c. 26), or
(b) the affirmation and declaration as set out in section 19(3) of that Act.
SCHEDULE 3
Section 5
JUDGES  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF THE UPPER  TRIBUNAL
Power to appoint judges of Upper Tribunal
1 (1) Her Majesty, on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor, may appoint a
person to be one of the judges of the Upper Tribunal.
(2) A person is eligible for appointment under sub-paragraph (1) only if the
person—
(a) satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 7-year
basis,
( b ) i s  a n  a d v o c a t e  o r  s o l i c i t o r  i n  S c o t l a n d  o f  a t  l e a s t  s e v e n  y e a r s ’
standing,
(c) is a barrister or solicitor in Northern Ireland of at least seven years’
standing, or
(d) in the Lord Chancellor’s opinion, has gained experience in law
which makes the person as suitable for appointment as if the personsatisfied any of paragraphs (a) to (c).
(3) Section 52(2) to (5) (meaning of “gain experience in law”) apply for the
purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(d), but as if section 52(4)(i) referred to theLord Chancellor instead of to the relevant decision-maker.
Power to appoint other members of Upper Tribunal
2 (1) The Lord Chancellor may appoint a person to be one of the members of the
Upper Tribunal who are not judges of the tribunal.
(2) A person is eligible for appointment under sub-paragraph (1) only if the
person has qualifications prescribed in an order made by the LordChancellor with the concurrence of the Senior President of Tribunals.
Appointed and transferred-in judges and other members: removal from office
3 (1) This paragraph applies to any power by which—
(a) a person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),
(b) a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal, or
(c) a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal,
may be removed from office.
(2) If the person exercises functions wholly or mainly in Scotland, the power
may be exercised only with the concurrence of the Lord President of theCourt of Session.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 3 — Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal129
(3) If the person exercises functions wholly or  mainly in Northern Ireland, the
power may be exercised only with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justiceof Northern Ireland.
(4) If neither of sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) applies, the power may be exercised
only with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.
Terms of appointment
4 (1) This paragraph applies—
(a) to a person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),
(b) to a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal, and
(c) to a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal.
(2) If the terms of the person’s appointment provide that he is appointed on a
salaried (as opposed to fee-paid) basis, the person may be removed fromoffice—
(a) only by the Lord Chancellor (an d in accordance with paragraph 3),
and
(b) only on the ground of inability or misbehaviour.
(3) Subject to sub-paragraph (2) (and to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement
Act 1993 (c. 8)), the person is to hold and vacate office as a judge, or othermember, of the Upper Tribunal in accordance with the terms of hisappointment.
Remuneration, allowances and expenses
5 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies—
(a) to a person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),
(b) to a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal, and
(c) to a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may pay to a person to whom this sub-paragraph
applies such amounts (if any) as th e Lord Chancellor may determine by way
of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Certain judges neither appointed under paragraph 1(1) nor transferred in
6 (1) In this paragraph “judge by request of the Upper Tribunal” means a person
who is a judge of the Upper Tribunal but—
(a) is not the Senior President of Tribunals,
(b) is not a judge of the Upper Tribunal appointed under paragraph 1(1),
(c) is not a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal,
(d) is not a judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of section 5(1)(d)
(legally qualified member of Asylum and Immigration Tribunal),
(e) is not a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal, and
(f) is not a Chamber President, or Acting Chamber President or Deputy
Chamber President, of a chamber of the Upper Tribunal.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 3 — Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal130
(2) A judge by request of the Upper Tribunal may act as a judge of the Upper
Tribunal only if requested to do so by the Senior President of Tribunals.
(3) Such a request made to a person who is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by
virtue of section 5(1)(g) may be made only with—
(a) the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
where the person is—
(i) an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England and
Wales,
(ii) a puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales,
(iii) a circuit judge,
(iv) a district judge in England and Wales, or
(v) a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts);
(b) the concurrence of the Lord President of the Court of Session where
the person is—
(i) a judge of the Court of Session, or
(ii) a sheriff;
(c) the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland where
the person is—
(i) a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,
(ii) a puisne judge of the High Court in Northern Ireland,
(iii) a county court judge in Northern Ireland, or
(iv) a district judge in Northern Ireland.
(4) The Lord Chancellor may pay to a judge by request of the Upper Tribunal,
or a person who is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of section 5(1)(d),such amounts (if any) as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Deputy judges of the Upper Tribunal
7 (1) The Lord Chancellor may appoint a person to be a deputy judge of the
Upper Tribunal for such period as the Lord Chancellor considersappropriate.
(2) A person is eligible for appointment un der sub-paragraph (1) only if he is
eligible to be appointed under paragraph 1(1) (see paragraph 1(2)).
(3) Sub-paragraphs (4) and (5) apply—
(a) to a person appointed under sub-paragraph (1), and
(b) to a person who becomes a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal as a
result of provision under section 31(2).
(4) A person to whom this sub-paragraph  applies is to hold and vacate office as
a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal in accordance with the terms of hisappointment (subject to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993(c. 8)).
(5) The Lord Chancellor may pay to a person to whom this sub-paragraph
applies such amounts (if any) as th e Lord Chancellor may determine by way
of—
(a) remuneration;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 3 — Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal131
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Other members neither appointed under paragraph 2(1) nor transferred in
8 (1) In this paragraph “ ex officio  member of the Upper Tribunal” means—
(a) a person who is a member of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of section
5(2)(c) (member of Employment Appeal Tribunal appointed undersection 22(1)(c) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17)), or
(b) a person who is a member of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of section
5(2)(d) (member of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal who is nota legally qualified member).
(2) The Lord Chancellor may pay to an ex officio  member of the Upper Tribunal
such amounts (if any) as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Training etc.
9 The Senior President of Tribunals is responsible, within the resources made
available by the Lord Chancellor, for the maintenance of appropriate
arrangements for the training, guidance and welfare of judges and other
members of the Upper Tribunal (in their capacities as such judges and othermembers).
Oaths
10 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a person (“J”)—
(a) who is appointed under paragraph 1(1), 2(1) or 7(1), or
(b) who—
(i) becomes a transferred-in judge, or a transferred-in other
member, of the Upper Tribunal, or 
(ii) becomes a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal as a result of
provision under section 31(2),
and has not previously taken the required oaths after accepting
another office.
(2) J must take the required oaths before—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) an eligible person who is nominated by the Senior President of
Tribunals for the purpose of taking the oaths from J.
(3) A person is eligible for the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(b) if any one or
more of the following paragraphs applies to him—
(a) he holds high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4));
(b) he holds judicial office (as defined in section 109(4) of that Act);
(c) he holds (in Scotland) the office of sheriff.
(4) In this paragraph “the requi red oaths” means (subject to sub-paragraph
(5))—
(a) the oath of allegiance, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 3 — Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal132
(b) the judicial oath,
as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 (c. 72).
(5) Where it appears to the Lord Chancellor that J will carry out functions as a
judge or other member of the Upper Tribunal wholly or mainly in NorthernIreland, the Lord Chancellor may direct that in relation to J “the requiredoaths” means—
(a) the oath as set out in section 19(2) of the Justice (Northern Ireland)
Act 2002 (c. 26), or
(b) the affirmation and declaration as set out in section 19(3) of that Act.
SCHEDULE 4
Section 7
CHAMBERS  AND  CHAMBER  PRESIDENTS : FURTHER  PROVISION
PART 1
CHAMBER  PRESIDENTS : APPOINTMENT , DELEGATION , DEPUTIES  AND  FURTHER  PROVISION
Eligibility for appointment as Chamber President by Lord Chancellor
1 A person is eligible for appointmen t under section 7(7) only if—
(a) he is a judge of the Upper Tribunal, or
(b) he does not fall within paragraph (a) but is eligible to be appointed
under paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3 as a judge of the Upper Tribunal(see paragraph 1(2) of that Schedule).
Appointment as Chamber President by Lord Chancellor: consultation and nomination
2 (1) The Lord Chancellor must consu lt the Senior President of Tribunals before
the Lord Chancellor appoints under section 7(7) a person within—
section 6(1)(a) (ordinary judge of Court of Appeal in England and
Wales),
section 6(1)(b) (Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland),
section 6(1)(c) (judge of the Court of Session), or
section 6(1)(d) (puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales
or Northern Ireland).
(2) If the Lord Chancellor, in exercise of his power under section 7(7) in a
particular case, wishes that the person appointed should be drawn fromamong the ordinary judges of the Court of Appeal in England and Wales orthe puisne judges of the High Court in England and Wales, the LordChancellor must first ask the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales tonominate one of those judges for the purpose.
(3) If the Lord Chancellor, in exercise of his power under section 7(7) in a
particular case, wishes that the person appointed should be drawn fromamong the judges of the Court of Session, the Lord Chancellor must first askthe Lord President of the Court of Session to nominate one of those judgesfor the purpose.
(4) If the Lord Chancellor, in exercise of his power under section 7(7) in a
particular case, wishes that the person appointed should be drawn fromTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 1 — Chamber Presidents: appointment, delegation, deputies and further provision133
among the Lords Justices of Appeal in Northern Ireland or the puisne judges
of the High Court in Northern Ireland, the Lord Chancellor must first ask theLord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland to nominate one of those judges forthe purpose.
(5) If a judge is nominated under sub-paragraph (2), (3) or (4) in response to a
request under that sub-paragraph, the Lord Chancellor must appoint thenominated judge as Chamber President of the chamber concerned.
Chamber Presidents: duration of appointment, remuneration etc.
3 (1) A Chamber President is to hold and vacate office as a Chamber President in
accordance with the terms of his appointment as a Chamber President(subject to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8)).
(2) The Lord Chancellor may pay to a Chamber President such amounts (if any)
as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Delegation of functions by Chamber Presidents
4 (1) The Chamber President of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper
Tribunal may delegate any function he ha s in his capacity as the Chamber
President of the chamber—
(a) to any judge, or other member, of either of those tribunals;
(b) to staff appointed under section 40(1).
(2) A delegation under sub-paragraph (1) is not revoked by the delegator’s
becoming incapacitated.
(3) Any delegation made by a person under sub-paragraph (1) that is in force
immediately before the person ceases to be the Chamber President of achamber continues in force until subsequently varied or revoked by anotherholder of the office of Chamber President of that chamber.
(4) The delegation under sub-paragraph (1) of a function shall not prevent the
exercise of the function by the Chamber President of the chamber concerned.
(5) In this paragraph “delegate” includes further delegate.
Deputy Chamber Presidents
5 (1) The Lord Chancellor may appoint a person who is not a Deputy Chamber
President of a chamber to be a Deputy Chamber President of a chamber.
(2) The Senior President of Tribunals may appoint a person who is a Deputy
Chamber President of a chamber to be instead, or to be also, a DeputyChamber President of another chamber.
(3) The power under sub-paragraph (1) is exercisable in any particular case only
if the Lord Chancellor—
(a) has consulted the Senior President of Tribunals about whether a
Deputy Chamber President should be appointed for the chamberconcerned, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 1 — Chamber Presidents: appointment, delegation, deputies and further provision134
(b) considers, in the light of the consultation, that a Deputy Chamber
President of the chamber should be appointed.
(4) A person is eligible for appoin tment under sub-paragr aph (1) only if—
(a) he is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment under
paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3,
(b) he is a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2)),
(c) he is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of—
section 5(1)(d) (legally qualified member of Asylum and
Immigration Tribunal),
section 5(1)(e) (Social Secur ity Commissioner for Northern
Ireland),
section 5(1)(g) (certain judges of courts in the United Kingdom), orsection 5(1)(h) (deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal), or
(d) he falls within none of paragraphs (a) to (c) but is eligible to be
appointed under paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3 as a judge of theUpper Tribunal (see paragraph 1(2) of that Schedule).
(5) If the Lord Chancellor, in exercise of his power under sub-paragraph (1) in
a particular case, wishes that the person appointed should be drawn fromamong the ordinary judges of the Court of Appeal in England and Wales orthe puisne judges of the High Court in England and Wales, the LordChancellor must first ask the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales tonominate one of those judges for the purpose.
(6) If the Lord Chancellor, in exercise of his power under sub-paragraph (1) in
a particular case, wishes that the person appointed should be drawn fromamong the judges of the Court of Session, the Lord Chancellor must first askthe Lord President of the Court of Session to nominate one of those judgesfor the purpose.
(7) If the Lord Chancellor, in exercise of his power under sub-paragraph (1) in
a particular case, wishes that the person appointed should be drawn fromamong the Lords Justices of Appeal in Northern Ireland or the puisne judgesof the High Court in Northern Ireland, the Lord Chancellor must first ask theLord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland to nominate one of those judges forthe purpose.
(8) If a judge is nominated under sub-paragraph (5), (6) or (7) in response to a
request under that sub-paragraph, the Lord Chancellor must appoint thenominated judge as a Deputy Chamber President of the chamber concerned.
(9) A Deputy Chamber President is to hold and vacate office as a Deputy
Chamber President in accordance with the terms of his appointment (subjectto the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8)).
(10) The Lord Chancellor may pay to a Deputy Chamber President such amounts
(if any) as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
(11) In sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) “chamber” means chamber of the First-tier
Tribunal or chamber of the Upper Tribunal.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 1 — Chamber Presidents: appointment, delegation, deputies and further provision135
Acting Chamber Presidents
6 (1) If in the case of a particular chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper
Tribunal there is no-one appointed under section 7 to preside over thechamber, the Senior President of Tribunals may appoint a person to presideover the chamber during the vacancy.
(2) A person appointed under sub-paragraph (1) is to be known as an Acting
Chamber President.
(3) A person who is the Acting Chamber President of a chamber is to be treated
as the Chamber President of th e chamber for all purposes other than—
(a) the purposes of this paragraph of this Schedule, and
(b) the purposes of the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8).
(4) A person is eligible for appointment un der sub-paragraph (1) only if he is
eligible for appointment as a Chamber President.
(5) An Acting Chamber President is to hold and vacate office as an Acting
Chamber President in accordance with the terms of his appointment.
(6) The Lord Chancellor may pay to an Acting Chamber President such
amounts (if any) as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—
(a) remuneration;
(b) allowances;
(c) expenses.
Guidance
7 The Chamber President of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper
Tribunal is to make arrangements for the issuing of guidance on changes inthe law and practice as they relate to the functions allocated to the chamber.
Oaths
8 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a person (“the appointee”)—
(a) appointed under section 7(7) as a Chamber President,
(b) appointed under paragraph 5(1) as a Deputy Chamber President of
a chamber, or
(c) appointed as an Acting Chamber President.
(2) The appointee must take the required oaths before—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) an eligible person who is nominated by the Senior President of
Tribunals for the purpose of taking the oaths from the appointee.
(3) A person is eligible for the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(b) if any one or
more of the following paragraphs applies to him—
(a) he holds high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4));
(b) he holds judicial office (as defined in section 109(4) of that Act);
(c) he holds (in Scotland) the office of sheriff.
(4) Sub-paragraph (2) does not apply to the appointee if he has previously taken
the required oaths in compliance with a requirement imposed on him underparagraph 9 of Schedule 2 or paragraph 10 of Schedule 3.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 1 — Chamber Presidents: appointment, delegation, deputies and further provision136
(5) In this paragraph “the requi red oaths” means (subject to sub-paragraph
(6))—
(a) the oath of allegiance, and
(b) the judicial oath,
as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 (c. 72).
(6) Where it appears to the Lord Chancellor that the appointee will carry out
functions under his appointment wholly or mainly in Northern Ireland, the
Lord Chancellor may dir ect that in relation to th e appointee “the required
oaths” means—
(a) the oath as set out in section 19(2) of the Justice (Northern Ireland)
Act 2002 (c. 26), or
(b) the affirmation and declaration as set out in section 19(3) of that Act.
PART 2
JUDGES  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF CHAMBERS : ASSIGNMENT  AND  JURISDICTION
Assignment is function of Senior President of Tribunals
9 (1) The Senior President of Tribunals has—
(a) the function of assigning judges and other members of the First-tier
Tribunal (including himself) to chambers of the First-tier Tribunal,and
(b) the function of assigning judges and other members of the Upper
Tribunal (including himself) to chambers of the Upper Tribunal.
(2) The functions under sub-paragraph (1) are to be exercised in accordance
with the following provisions of  this Part of this Schedule.
Deemed assignment of Chamber Presidents and Deputy Chamber Presidents
10 (1) The Chamber President, or a Deputy Chamber President, of a chamber—
(a) is to be taken to be assigned to that chamber;
(b) may be assigned additionally to one or more of the other chambers;
(c) may be assigned under paragraph (b) to different chambers at
different times.
(2) Paragraphs 11(1) and (2) and 12(2) and (3) do not apply to assignment of a
person who is a Chamber President or a Deputy Chamber President.
(3) In sub-paragraph (1) “chamber” means ch amber of the First-tier Tribunal or
the Upper Tribunal.
Assigning members of First-tier Tribunal to its chambers
11 (1) Each person who is a judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal by
virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1) of Schedule 2 or who isa transferred-in judge, or transferred-in other member, of the First-tierTribunal—
(a) is to be assigned to at least one of the chambers of the First-tier
Tribunal, and
(b) may be assigned to different chambers of the First-tier Tribunal at
different times.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 2 — Judges and other members of chambers: assignment and jurisdiction137
(2) A judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal to whom sub-paragraph
(1) does not apply—
(a) may be assigned to one or more of the chambers of the First-tier
Tribunal, and
(b) may be assigned to different chambers of the First-tier Tribunal at
different times.
(3) The Senior President of Tribunals may assign a judge or other member of the
First-tier Tribunal to a particular chamber of the First-tier Tribunal only withthe concurrence—
(a) of the Chamber President of the chamber, and
(b) of the judge or other member.
(4) The Senior President of Tribunals may end the assignment of a judge or
other member of the First-tier Tribunal to a particular chamber of the First-tier Tribunal only with the concurrence of the Chamber President of thechamber.
(5) Sub-paragraph (3)(a) does not apply where the judge, or other member,
concerned is not assigned to any of the chambers of the First-tier Tribunal.
(6) Sub-paragraphs (3)(a) and (4) do not apply where the judge concerned is
within section 6(1)(a) to (d) (judges of Courts of Appeal, Court of Sessionand High Courts).
(7) Sub-paragraphs (3) and (4) do not apply where the judge concerned is the
Senior President of Tribunals himself.
Assigning members of Upper Tribunal to its chambers
12 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a person if—
(a) he is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment under
paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3, or
(b) he is a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal, or
(c) he is a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal, or
(d) he is a member of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment
under paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 3, or
(e) he is a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal.
(2) Each person to whom this sub-paragraph applies—
(a) is to be assigned to at least one of the chambers of the Upper
Tribunal, and
(b) may be assigned to different chambers of the Upper Tribunal at
different times.
(3) A judge or other member of the Upper Tribunal to whom sub-paragraph (2)
does not apply—
(a) may be assigned to one or more of the chambers of the Upper
Tribunal, and
(b) may be assigned to different chambers of the Upper Tribunal at
different times.
(4) The Senior President of Tribunals may assign a judge or other member of the
Upper Tribunal to a particular chamber of the Upper Tribunal only with the
concurrence—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 2 — Judges and other members of chambers: assignment and jurisdiction138
(a) of the Chamber President of the chamber, and
(b) of the judge or other member.
(5) The Senior President of Tribunals may end the assignment of a judge or
other member of the Upper Tribunal to a particular chamber of the UpperTribunal only with the concurrence of the Chamber President of thechamber.
(6) Sub-paragraph (4)(a) does not apply where the judge, or other member,
concerned is not assigned to any of the chambers of the Upper Tribunal.
(7) Sub-paragraphs (4)(a) and (5) do not apply where the judge concerned is
within section 6(1)(a) to (d) (judges of Courts of Appeal, Court of Sessionand High Courts).
(8) Sub-paragraphs (4) and (5) do not apply where the judge concerned is the
Senior President of Tribunals himself.
Policy of Senior President of Tribunals as respects assigning members to chambers etc.
13 (1) The Senior President of Tribunals  must publish a document recording the
policy adopted by him in relation to—
(a) the assigning of persons to chambers in exercise of his functions
under paragraph 9,
(b) the assigning of persons to act as members of the Asylum and
Immigration Tribunal in exercise of his functions under paragraphs5A and 5B of Schedule 4 to the Nationality, Immigration and AsylumAct 2002 (c. 41), and
(c) the nominating of persons to act as members of panels of members
of employment tribunals in exercise of his functions under any suchprovision as is mentioned in section 5D(1) of the EmploymentTribunals Act 1996 (c. 17).
(2) That policy must be such as to secure—
(a) that appropriate use is made of the knowledge and experience of the
judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal and UpperTribunal, and
(b) that, in the case of a chamber (of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper
Tribunal) whose business consists of, or includes, cases likely toinvolve the application of the law of Scotland or Northern Ireland,sufficient knowledge and experience of that law is to be foundamong persons assigned to the chamber.
(3) No policy may be adopted by the Senior President of Tribunals for the
purposes of sub-paragraph (1) unless the Lord Chancellor concurs in thepolicy.
(4) The Senior President of Tribunals must keep any policy adopted for the
purposes of sub-paragraph (1) under review.
Choosing members to decide cases
14 (1) The First-tier Tribunal’s function, or the Upper Tribunal’s function, of
deciding any matter in a case before the tribunal is to be exercised by amember or members of the chamber of the tribunal to which the case isallocated.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 2 — Judges and other members of chambers: assignment and jurisdiction139
(2) The member or members must be chosen by the Senior President of
Tribunals.
(3) A person choosing under sub-paragraph (2)—
(a) must act in accordance with any provision under paragraph 15;
(b) may choose himself.
(4) In this paragraph “member”, in relation to  a chamber of a tribunal, means a
judge or other member of the tribunal who is assigned to the chamber.
Composition of tribunals
15 (1) The Lord Chancellor must by order make provision, in relation to every
matter that may fall to be decided by the First-tier Tribunal or the UpperTribunal, for determining the number of members of the tribunal who are todecide the matter.
(2) Where an order under sub-paragraph (1) provides for a matter to be decided
by a single member of a tribunal, the order—
(a) must make provision for determining whether the matter is to be
decided by one of the judges, or by one of the other members, of thetribunal, and
(b) may make provision for determining, if the matter is to be decided
by one of the other members of the tribunal, what qualifications (ifany) that other member must have.
(3) Where an order under sub-paragraph (1) provides for a matter to be decided
by two or more members of a tribunal, the order—
(a) must make provision for determining how many (if any) of those
members are to be judges of the tribunal and how many (if any) areto be other members of the tribunal, and
(b) may make provision for determining—
(i) if the matter is to be decided by persons who include one or
more of the other members of the tribunal, or
(ii) if the matter is to be decided by two or more of the other
members of the tribunal,
what qualifications (if any) th at other member or any of those other
members must have.
(4) A duty under sub-paragraph (1), (2) or (3) to provide for the determination
of anything may be discharged by providing for the thing to be determinedby the Senior President of Tribunals, or a Chamber President, in accordancewith any provision made under that sub-paragraph.
(5) Power under paragraph (b) of sub-paragraph (2) or  (3) to provide for the
determination of anything may be exercised by giving, to the SeniorPresident of Tribunals or a Chamber President, power to determine thatthing in accordance with any provision made under that paragraph.
(6) Where under sub-paragraphs (1) to (4) a matter is to be decided by two or
more members of a tribunal, the matter may, if the parties to the case agree,be decided in the absence of one or more (but not all) of the members chosento decide the matter.
(7) Where the member, or any of the members, of a tribunal chosen to decide a
matter does not have any qualification th at he is required to have under sub-Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 4 — Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision
Part 2 — Judges and other members of chambers: assignment and jurisdiction140
paragraphs (2)(b), or (3)(b), and (5), the matter may despite that, if the parties
to the case agree, be decided by the chosen member or members.
(8) Before making an order under this paragraph, the Lord Chancellor must
consult the Senior President of Tribunals.
(9) In this paragraph “quali fication” includes experience.
SCHEDULE 5 Section 22
PROCEDURE  IN FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL  AND  UPPER  TRIBUNAL
PART 1
TRIBUNAL  PROCEDURE  RULES
Introductory
1 (1) This Part of this Schedule makes further provision about the content of
Tribunal Procedure Rules.
(2) The generality of section 22(1) is not to be taken to be prejudiced by— 
(a) the following paragraphs of this Part of this Schedule, or
(b) any other provision (including future provision) authorising or
requiring the making of provision by Tribunal Procedure Rules.
(3) In the following paragraphs of this Pa rt of this Schedule “Rules” means
Tribunal Procedure Rules.
Concurrent functions
2 Rules may make provision as to who is to decide, or as to how to decide,
which of the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal is to exercise, in relationto any particular matter, a function that is exercisable by the two tribunalson the basis that the question as to which of them is to exercise the functionis to be determined by, or under, Rules.
Delegation of functions to staff
3 (1) Rules may provide for functions—
(a) of the First-tier Tribunal, or
(b) of the Upper Tribunal,
to be exercised by staff appointed under section 40(1).
(2) In making provision of the kind menti oned in sub-paragraph (1) in relation
to a function, Rules may (in particular)—
(a) provide for the function to be exercisable by a member of staff only
if the member of staff is, or is of a description, specified in exercise ofa discretion conferred by Rules;
(b) provide for the function to be exercisable by a member of staff only
if the member of staff is approved, or is of a description approved,for the purpose by a person specified in Rules.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 5 — Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal
Part 1 — Tribunal Procedure Rules141
Time limits
4 Rules may make provision for time limits as respects initiating , or taking any
step in, proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal.
Repeat applications
5 Rules may make provision restricting the making of fresh applications
where a previous application in relation to the same matter has been made.
Tribunal acting of its own initiative
6 Rules may make provision about the circumstances in which the First-tier
Tribunal, or the Upper Tribunal, may exercise its powers of its owninitiative.
Hearings
7R u l e s  m a y —
(a) make provision for dealing with matters without a hearing;
(b) make provision as respects allowing or  requiring a hearing to be in
private or as respects allowing or requiring a hearing to be in public.
Proceedings without notice
8 Rules may make provision for proceedings to take place, in circumstances
described in Rules, at the request of one party even though the other, oranother, party has had no notice.
Representation
9 Rules may make provision conferring additional rights of audience before
the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal.
Evidence, witnesses and attendance
10 (1) Rules may make provision about evidence (including evidence on oath and
administration of oaths).
(2) Rules may modify any rules of evidence provided for elsewhere, so far as
they would apply to proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or UpperTribunal.
(3) Rules may make provision, where the First-tier Tribunal has required a
person—
(a) to attend at any place for the purpose of giving evidence,
(b) otherwise to make himself available to give evidence,
(c) to swear an oath in connection with the giving of evidence,
(d) to give evidence as a witness,
(e) to produce a document, or
(f) to facilitate the inspection of a document or any other thing
(including any premises),
for the Upper Tribunal to deal with non-compliance with the requirement as
though the requirement had been imposed by the Upper Tribunal.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 5 — Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal
Part 1 — Tribunal Procedure Rules142
(4) Rules may make provision for the payment of expenses and allowances to
persons giving evidence, producing documents, attending proceedings orrequired to attend proceedings.
Use of information
11 (1) Rules may make provision for the disclosure or non-disclosure of
information received during the course of proceedings before the First-tierTribunal or Upper Tribunal.
(2) Rules may make provision for imposing reporting restrictions in
circumstances described in Rules.
Costs and expenses
12 (1) Rules may make provision for regulating matters relating to costs, or (in
Scotland) expenses, of proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or UpperTribunal.
(2) The provision mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) includes (in particular)—
(a) provision prescribing scales of costs or expenses;
(b) provision for enabling costs to undergo detailed assessment in
England and Wales by a county court or the High Court;
(c) provision for taxation in Scotland of accounts of expenses by an
Auditor of Court;
(d) provision for enabling costs to be taxed in Northern Ireland in a
county court or the High Court;
(e) provision for costs or expenses—
(i) not to be allowed in respect of items of a description specified
in Rules;
(ii) not to be allowed in proceedings of a description so specified;
(f) provision for other exceptions to either or both of subsections (1) and
(2) of section 29.
Set-off and interest
13 (1) Rules may make provision for a party to proceedings to deduct, from
amounts payable by him, amounts payable to him.
(2) Rules may make provision for interest on sums awarded (including
provision conferring a discretion or provision in accordance with whichinterest is to be calculated).
Arbitration
14 Rules may provide for Part 1 of the Arbitration Act 1996 (c. 23) (which
extends to England and Wales, and Northern Ireland, but not Scotland) notto apply, or not to apply except so far as is specified in Rules, where the First-tier Tribunal, or Upper Tribunal, acts as arbitrator.
Correction of errors and setting-aside of decisions on procedural grounds
15 (1) Rules may make provision for the correction of accidental errors in a
decision or record of a decision.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 5 — Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal
Part 1 — Tribunal Procedure Rules143
(2) Rules may make provision for the setting aside of a decision in proceedings
before the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal—
(a) where a document relating to the proceedings was not sent to, or was
not received at an appropriate time by, a party to the proceedings ora party’s representative,
(b) where a document relating to the proceedings was not sent to the
First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal at an appropriate time,
(c) where a party to the proceedings, or a party’s representative, was not
present at a hearing related to the proceedings, or 
(d) where there has been any other procedural irregularity in the
proceedings.
(3) Sub-paragraphs (1) an d (2) shall not be taken  to prejudice, or to be
prejudiced by, any power to correct errors or set aside decisions that isexercisable apart from rules made by virtue of those sub-paragraphs.
Ancillary powers
16 Rules may confer on the First-tier Tribunal, or the Upper Tribunal, such
ancillary powers as are necessary for the proper discharge of its functions.
Rules may refer to practice directions
17 Rules may, instead of providing for any matter, refer to provision made or
to be made about that matter by directions under section 23.
Presumptions
18 Rules may make provision in the form of presumptions (including, in
particular, presumptions as to service or notification).
Differential provision
19 Rules may make different provision for different purposes or different areas.
P
ART 2
TRIBUNAL  PROCEDURE  COMMITTEE
Membership
20 The Tribunal Procedure Committee is to consist of—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals or a person nominated by him,
(b) the persons currently appointed by the Lord Chancellor under
paragraph 21,
(c) the persons currently appointed by the Lord Chief Justice of England
and Wales under paragraph 22,
(d) the person currently appointed by the Lord President of the Court of
Session under paragraph 23, and
(e) any person currently appointed under paragraph 24 at the request of
the Senior President of Tribunals.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 5 — Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal
Part 2 — Tribunal Procedure Committee144
Lord Chancellor’s appointees
21 (1) The Lord Chancellor must appoint—
(a) three persons each of whom must be a person with experience of—
(i) practice in tribunals, or
(ii) advising persons involved in tribunal proceedings, and
(b) one person nominated by the Administrative Justice and Tribunals
Council.
(2) Before making an appointment under sub-paragraph (1), the Lord
Chancellor must consu lt the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.
(3) Until the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council first has ten
members appointed under paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 7, the reference tothat council in sub-paragraph (1)(b) is to be read as a reference to the Councilon Tribunals; and if, when the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Councilfirst has ten members so appointed, the person appointed under sub-paragraph (1)(b) is a nominee of the Co uncil on Tribunals, that person ceases
to be a member of the Tribunal Procedure Committee at that time.
Lord Chief Justice’s appointees
22 (1) The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales must appoint—
(a) one of the judges of the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) one of the judges of the Upper Tribunal, and
(c) one person who is a member of the First-tier Tribunal, or is a member
of the Upper Tribunal, but is not a judge of the First-tier Tribunal andis not a judge of the Upper Tribunal.
(2) Before making an appointment under sub-paragraph (1), the Lord Chief
Justice of England and Wales must consult the Lord Chancellor.
Lord President’s appointee
23 (1) The Lord President of the Court of Session must appoint one person with
experience in and knowledge of the Scottish legal system.
(2) Before making an appointment under sub-paragraph (1), the Lord President
of the Court of Session must consult the Lord Chancellor.
Persons appointed at request of Senior President of Tribunals
24 (1) At the request of the Senior President of Tribunals, an appropriate senior
judge may appoint a person or persons with experience in and knowledgeof—
(a) a particular issue, or
(b) a particular subject area in relation to which the First-tier Tribunal or
the Upper Tribunal has, or is likely to have, jurisdiction,
for the purpose of assisting the Committee with regard to that issue or
subject area.
(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “an appropriate senior judge” means any of—
(a) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,
(b) the Lord President of the Court of Session, and
(c) the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 5 — Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal
Part 2 — Tribunal Procedure Committee145
(3) The total number of persons appointed at any time under sub-paragraph (1)
must not exceed four.
(4) Before making an appointment under sub-paragraph (1), the person making
the appointment must consult the Lord Chancellor.
(5) The terms of appointment of a person appointed under sub-paragraph (1)
may (in particular) authorise him to act as a member of the Committee onlyin relation to matters specified by those terms.
Power to amend paragraphs 20 to 24
25 (1) The Lord Chancellor may by order—
(a) amend any of paragraphs 20, 21(1), 22(1), 23(1) and 24(1), and
(b) make consequential amendments in any other provision of
paragraphs 21 to 24 or in paragraph 28(7).
(2) The making of an order under this paragraph—
(a) requires the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and
Wales,
(b) if the order amends paragraph 23(1), requires also the concurrence of
the Lord President of the Court of Session, and
(c) if the order amends paragraph 24(1), requires also the concurrence of
the Lord President of the Court of Session and the Lord Chief Justiceof Northern Ireland.
Committee members’ expenses
26 The Lord Chancellor may reimburse members of the Tribunal Procedure
Committee their travelling and out-of-pocket expenses.
P
ART 3
MAKING  OF TRIBUNAL  PROCEDURE  RULES  BY TRIBUNAL  PROCEDURE  COMMITTEE
Meaning of “Rules” and “the Committee”
27 In the following provisions of this Part of this Schedule—
“the Committee” means the Tribunal Procedure Committee;
“Rules” means Tribunal Procedure Rules.
Process for making Rules
28 (1) Before the Committee makes Rules, the Committee must—
(a) consult such persons (including such of the Chamber Presidents) as
it considers appropriate, 
(b) consult the Lord President of the Court of Session if the Rules contain
provision relating to proceedings in Scotland, and
(c) meet (unless it is inexpedient to do so).
(2) Rules made by the Committee must be—
(a) signed by a majority of the members of the Committee, and
(b) submitted to the Lord Chancellor.
(3) The Lord Chancellor may allow or disallow Rules so made.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 5 — Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal
Part 3 — Making of Tribunal Procedure Rules by Tribunal Procedure Committee146
(4) If the Lord Chancellor disallows Rules so made, he must give the Committee
written reasons for doing so.
(5) Rules so made and allowed—
(a) come into force on such day as the Lord Chancellor directs, and
(b) are to be contained in a s tatutory instrument to which the Statutory
Instruments Act 1946 (c. 36) applies as if the instrument containedrules made by a Minister of the Crown.
(6) A statutory instrument containing Rules made by the Committee is subject
to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(7) In the case of a member of the Committee appointed under paragraph 24, the
terms of his appointment may (in particular) provide that, for the purposesof sub-paragraph (2)(a), he is to count as a member of the Committee only inrelation to matters specified in those terms.
Power of Lord Chancellor to require Rules to be made
29 (1) This paragraph applies if the Lord Chancellor gives the Committee written
notice that he thinks it is expedient for Rules to include provision that wouldachieve a purpose specified in the notice.
(2) The Committee must make such Rules, in accordance with paragraph 28, as
it considers necessary to achieve the specified purpose.
(3) Those Rules must be made—
(a) within such period as may be specif ied by the Lord Chancellor in the
notice, or
(b) if no period is so specified, within a reasonable period after the Lord
Chancellor gives the notice to the Committee.
P
ART 4
POWER  TO AMEND  LEGISLATION  IN CONNECTION  WITH  TRIBUNAL  PROCEDURE  RULES
Lord Chancellor’s power
30 (1) The Lord Chancellor may by order amend, repeal or revoke any enactment
to the extent he considers necessary or desirable—
(a) in order to facilitate the making of Tribunal Procedure Rules, or
(b) in consequence of—
(i) section 22,
(ii) Part 1 or 3 of this Schedule, or
(iii) Tribunal Procedure Rules.
(2) In this paragraph “enactment” means any enactment whenever passed or
made, including an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (withinthe meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978 (c. 30)).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 6 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36
Part 1 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30, 35 and 36147
SCHEDULE 6 Sections 30 to 37
TRIBUNALS  FOR THE PURPOSES  OF SECTIONS  30 TO 36
PART 1
TRIBUNALS  FOR THE PURPOSES  OF SECTIONS  30, 35 AND  36
Tribunal Enactment
Appeal tribunal Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the
Social Security Act 1998 (c. 14)
Child Support Commissioner Section 22 of the Child
Support Act 1991 (c. 48)
The Secretary of State as
respects his function ofdeciding appeals under:Section 41 of the Consumer
Credit Act 1974 (c. 39)
The Secretary of State as
respects his function ofdeciding appeals under:Section 7(1) of the Estate
Agents Act 1979 (c. 38)
Foreign Compensation
CommissionSection 1 of the Foreign
Compensation Act 1950 (c. 12)
Commissioner for the general
purposes of the income taxSection 2 of the Taxes
Management Act 1970 (c. 9)
Information Tribunal Section 6 of the Data
Protection Act 1998 (c. 29)
Meat Hygiene Appeals
TribunalRegulation 6 of the Fresh Meat
(Hygiene and Inspection)Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/539)
Meat Hygiene Appeals
TribunalRegulation 6 of the Poultry
Meat, Farmed Game BirdMeat and Rabbit Meat(Hygiene and Inspection)Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/540)
Meat Hygiene Appeals
TribunalRegulation 5 of the Wild
Game Meat (Hygiene andInspection) Regulations 1995(S.I. 1995/2148)
Mental Health Review
Tribunal for a region ofEnglandSection 65(1) and (1A)(a) of
the Mental Health Act 1983(c. 20)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 6 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36
Part 2 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 and 35148
PART 2
TRIBUNALS  FOR THE PURPOSES  OF SECTIONS  30 AND  35
PART 3
TRIBUNALS  FOR THE PURPOSES  OF SECTIONS  30 AND  36Reinstatement Committee Paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to
the Reserve Forces (Safeguardof Employment) Act 1985(c. 17)
Reserve forces appeal tribunal Section 88 of the Reserve
Forces Act 1996 (c. 14)
Sea Fish Licence Tribunal Section 4AA of the Sea Fish
(Conservation) Act 1967 (c. 84)
Social Security Commissioner Schedule 4 to the Social
Security Act 1998 (c. 14)
Special Educational Needs
and Disability TribunalSection 333 of the Education
Act 1996 (c. 56)
Transport Tribunal Schedule 4 to the Transport
Act 1985 (c. 67)
Umpire or deputy umpire Paragraph 5 of Schedule 2 to
the Reserve Forces (Safeguardof Employment) Act 1985
VAT and duties tribunal Schedule 12 to the Value
Added Tax Act 1994 (c. 23)
Tribunal Enactment
Adjudicator Section 5 of the Criminal
Injuries Compensation Act1995 (c. 53)
Tribunal Enactment
Adjudicator to Her Majesty’s
Land RegistrySection 107 of the Land
Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)
Charity Tribunal Section 2A of the Charities Act
1993 (c. 10)Tribunal EnactmentTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 6 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36
Part 4 — Tribunals for the purposes of section 30149
PART 4
TRIBUNALS  FOR THE PURPOSES  OF SECTION  30Consumer Credit Appeals
TribunalSection 40A of the Consumer
Credit Act 1974 (c. 39)
Financial Services and
Markets TribunalSection 132 of the Financial
Services and Markets Act 2000(c. 8)
Gambling Appeals Tribunal Section 140 of the Gambling
Act 2005 (c. 19)
Immigration Services Tribunal Section 87 of the Immigration
and Asylum Act 1999 (c. 33)
Lands Tribunal Section 1(1)(b) of the Lands
Tribunal Act 1949 (c. 42)
Pensions Appeal Tribunal in
England and WalesParagraph 1(1) of the Schedule
to the Pensions AppealTribunals Act 1943 (c. 39)
Pensions Regulator Tribunal Section 102 of the Pensions
Act 2004 (c. 35)
Commissioner for the special
purposes of the Income TaxActsSection 4 of the Taxes
Management Act 1970 (c. 9)
Tribunal Enactment
Agricultural Land Tribunal Section 73 of the Agriculture
Act 1947 (c. 48)
Aircraft and Shipbuilding
Industries ArbitrationTribunalSection 42 of the Aircraft and
Shipbuilding Industries Act1977 (c. 3)
Antarctic Act Tribunal Regulation 11 of the Antarctic
Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/490)
Appeal tribunal Part 2 of Schedule 9 to the
Scheme set out in Schedule 2to the Firefighters’ PensionScheme Order 1992 (S.I. 1992/129)
Asylum Support Adjudicator Section 102 of the
Immigration and Asylum Act1999Tribunal EnactmentTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 6 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36
Part 4 — Tribunals for the purposes of section 30150
Case tribunal, or interim case
tribunal, drawn from theAdjudication Panel forEnglandSection 76 of the Local
Government Act 2000 (c. 22)
Family Health Services
Appeal AuthoritySection 49S of the National
Health Service Act 1977 (c. 49)
Insolvency Practitioners
TribunalSection 396(1) of the
Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45)
Appeals Tribunal Part 3 of the Local Authorities
(Code of Conduct) (LocalDetermination) Regulations2003 (S.I. 2003/1483)
Plant Varieties and Seeds
TribunalSection 42 of the Plant
Varieties Act 1997 (c. 66)
Tribunal Rule 6 of the model
provisions with respect toappeals as applied withmodifications by theChemical Weapons (LicenceAppeal Provisions) Order1996 (S.I. 1996/3030)
Tribunal Health Service Medicines
(Price Control Appeals)Regulations 2000 (S.I. 2000/124)
Tribunal Section 706 of the Income and
Corporation Taxes Act 1988(c. 1)
Tribunal Section 150 of the Mines and
Quarries Act 1954 (c. 70)
Tribunal Part 1 of Schedule 3 to the
Misuse of Drugs Act 1971(c. 38)
Tribunal Regulation H6(3) of the Police
Pensions Regulations 1987(S.I. 1987/257)
Tribunal Section 9 of the Protection of
Children Act 1999 (c. 14)Tribunal EnactmentTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 6 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36
Part 5 — Tribunals for the purposes of sections 35 and 36151
PART 5
TRIBUNALS  FOR THE PURPOSES  OF SECTIONS  35 AND  36
PART 6
TRIBUNALS  FOR THE PURPOSES  OF SECTION  35
PART 7
TRIBUNALS  FOR THE PURPOSES  OF SECTION  32(3)Tribunal Enactment
Employment Appeal Tribunal Section 20 of the Employment
Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17)
Tribunal Enactment
Employment tribunal Section 1 of the Employment
Tribunals Act 1996
Tribunal Enactment
Case tribunal, or interim case
tribunal, drawn from theAdjudication Panel for WalesSection 76 of the Local
Government Act 2000 (c. 22)
Appeals Tribunal Local Government
Investigations (Functions ofMonitoring Officers andStandards Committees)(Wales) Regulations 2001(S.I. 2001/2281)
Mental Health Review
Tribunal for WalesSection 65(1) and (1A)(b) of
the Mental Health Act 1983(c. 20)
Special Educational Needs
Tribunal for WalesSection 336ZA of the
Education Act 1996 (c. 56)
Tribunal Section 27 of, and Schedule 3
to, the Education Act 2005(c. 18)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 1 — Members and committees152
SCHEDULE 7 Section 44
ADMINISTRATIVE  JUSTICE  AND  TRIBUNALS  COUNCIL
PART 1
MEMBERS  AND  COMMITTEES
Membership
1 (1) The Council is to consist of—
(a) the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration, and
(b) not more than fifteen nor fewer than ten appointed members.
(2) Of the appointed members—
(a) either two or three are to be appointed by the Scottish Ministers with
the concurrence of the Lord Chancellor and the Welsh Ministers,
(b) either one or two are to be appointed by the Welsh Ministers with the
concurrence of the Lord Chancellor and the Scottish Ministers, and
(c) the others are to be appointed by the Lord Chancellor with the
concurrence of the Scottish Ministers and the Welsh Ministers.
Chairman of the Council
2 (1) After consultation with the Scottish Ministers and the Welsh Ministers, the
Lord Chancellor must nomin ate one of the appointed members to be
chairman of the Council.
(2) The chairman of the Council is to hold and vacate that office in accordance
with the terms of his nomination, but—
(a) may resign that office by giving written notice to the Lord
Chancellor, and
(b) ceases to be chairman if he ceases to be a person who is a member of
the Council by virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(2).
Term of office of appointed members of Council
3 (1) Subject to the following provisions of this paragraph, a person appointed
u n d e r  p a r a g r a p h  1 ( 2 )  i s  t o  h o l d  a nd  v a c a t e  o f f i c e  i n a c c o r d a nc e  w i t h  t h eterms of his appointment.
(2) A person appointed under paragraph 1(2)(a) may resign by giving written
notice to the Scottish Ministers.
(3) A person appointed under paragraph 1(2)(b) may resign by giving written
notice to the Welsh Ministers.
(4) A person appointed under paragraph 1(2)(c) may resign by giving written
notice to the Lord Chancellor.
(5) The Lord Chancellor may remove a person appointed under paragraph 1(2)
on the ground of inability or misbehaviour.
(6) The power of the Lord Chancellor under sub-paragraph (5) to remove a
person who was appointed under paragraph 1(2)(a) may be exercised only
with the concurrence of the Scottish Ministers.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 1 — Members and committees153
(7) The power of the Lord Chancellor under sub-paragraph (5) to remove a
person who was appointed under paragraph 1(2)(b) may be exercised onlywith the concurrence of the Welsh Ministers.
Scottish Committee
4 (1) There is to be a Scottish Committee of the Council (referred to in this
Schedule as “the Scottish Committee”) for the purpose of exercising thefunctions conferred on it by any statutory provision.
(2) The Scottish Committee is to consist of—
(a) the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration,
(b) the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman,
(c) the members of the Council appointed under paragraph 1(2)(a), and
(d) either three or four other persons, not being members of the Council,
appointed by the Scottish Ministers.
Chairman of the Scottish Committee
5 (1) The Scottish Ministers must nominate one of the members mentioned in
paragraph 4(2)(c) to be chairman of the Scottish Committee.
(2) The chairman of the Scottish Committee is to hold and vacate that office in
accordance with the terms of his nomination, but—
(a) may resign that office by giving written notice to the Scottish
Ministers, and
(b) ceases to be chairman if he ceases to be a person who is a member of
the Council by virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(2)(a).
Term of office of appointed members of Scottish Committee
6 (1) Subject to the following provisions of this paragraph, a person appointed
under paragraph 4(2)(d) is to hold and vac ate office in accordance with the
terms of his appointment.
(2) The person may resign by giving written notice to the Scottish Ministers.
(3) The Scottish Ministers may remove the person on the ground of inability or
misbehaviour.
Welsh Committee
7 (1) There is to be a Welsh Committee of the Council (referred to in this Schedule
as “the Welsh Committee”) for the purpose of exercising the functionsconferred on it by any statutory provision.
(2) The Welsh Committee is to consist of—
(a) the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration,
(b) the Public Services Ombudsman for Wales,
(c) the members of the Coun cil appointed under paragraph 1(2)(b), and
(d) either two or three other persons, not being members of the Council,
appointed by the Welsh Ministers.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 1 — Members and committees154
Chairman of Welsh Committee
8 (1) The Welsh Ministers must nominate one of the members mentioned in
paragraph 7(2)(c) to be chairman of the Welsh Committee.
(2) The chairman of the Welsh Committee is to hold and vacate that office in
accordance with the terms of his nomination, but—
(a) may resign that office by giving written notice to the Welsh
Ministers, and
(b) ceases to be chairman if he ceases to be a person who is a member of
the Council by virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(2)(b).
Term of office of Committee members
9 (1) Subject to the following provisions of this paragraph, a person appointed
under paragraph 7(2)(d) is to hold and vac ate office in accordance with the
terms of his appointment.
(2) The person may resign by giving written notice to the Welsh Ministers.(3) The Welsh Ministers may remove the person on the ground of inability or
misbehaviour.
Remuneration of Council and Committee members
10 (1) The Lord Chancellor must pay such remuneration as he may determine to
each of the following—
(a) the chairman of the Council;
(b) the chairman of the Scottish Committee;
(c) the chairman of the Welsh Committee.
(2) The Lord Chancellor may pay such fees as he may determine to—
(a) members of the Council other than the chairman;
(b) members of the Scottish Committee other than the chairman;
(c) members of the Welsh Committee other than the chairman.
(3) The Lord Chancellor may pay such expenses as he may determine to—
(a) members of the Council;
(b) members of the Scottish Committee;
(c) members of the Welsh Committee.
(4) In sub-paragraph (3) “expenses” includes (in particular) subsistence
allowances and travelling expenses.
Status of Council and Committees
11 The Council, the Scottish Committee and the Welsh Committee are not to be
regarded—
(a) as agents or servants of the Crown, or
(b) as enjoying any status, immunity or privilege of the Crown.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 2 — Functions155
PART 2
FUNCTIONS
Introductory
12 The Council has the functions conferred on it by this Schedule or any other
statutory provision.
Functions with respect to the administrative justice system
13 (1) The Council is to—
(a) keep the administrative justice system under review,
(b) consider ways to make the system accessible, fair and efficient,
(c) advise the persons mentioned in su b-paragraph (2) on the
development of the system,
(d) refer proposals for changes in the system to those persons, and
(e) make proposals for research into the system.
(2) Those persons are—
(a) the Lord Chancellor,
(b) the Scottish Ministers,
(c) the Welsh Ministers, and
(d) the Senior President of Tribunals.
(3) The Council may make such reports as it considers appropriate on any of the
matters mentioned in sub-paragraph (1).
(4) In this paragraph “the administra tive justice system” means the overall
system by which decisions of an administrative or executive nature aremade in relation to particular persons, including—
(a) the procedures for making such decisions,
(b) the law under which such decisions are made, and
(c) the systems for resolving disputes and airing grievances in relation
to such decisions.
General functions with respect to tribunals
14 (1) The Council is to—
(a) keep under review, and report on, the constitution and working—
(i) of listed tribunals in general, and
(ii) of each listed tribunal,
(b) consider, and report on, any other matter—
(i) that relates to listed tribunals in general or to a particular
listed tribunal, and
(ii) that the Council determines to be of special importance, and
(c) consider, and report on, any particular matter referred to the
Council—
(i) that relates to tribunals in general or to any particular
tribunal, and
(ii) whose referral to the Council falls within paragraph 16.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 2 — Functions156
(2) The Council may scrutinise and comment on legislation, existing or
proposed, relating to tribunals or to any particular tribunal.
(3) The Council must—
(a) consult the Scottish Committee before exercising the power
conferred by sub-paragraph (2) with respect to legislation, existingor proposed, that relates to at least one tribunal with jurisdiction incases arising in Scotland;
(b) consult the Welsh Committee before exercising that power with
respect to legislation, existing or proposed, that relates to at least onetribunal with jurisdiction in cases arising in Wales.
(4) In sub-paragraphs (1)(c), (2) and (3)—
“legislation” includes procedural rules;
“tribunal” includes a proposed tribunal.
General functions with respect to statutory inquiries
15 The Council is to—
(a) keep under review, and report on, the constitution and working of
statutory inquiries, both in general and by reference to statutoryprovisions under which statutory inquiries of different descriptionsmay be held,
(b) consider, and report on, any other matter—
(i) that relates to statutory inquiries in general, to statutory
inquiries of a particular description or to any particular
statutory inquiry, and
(ii) that the Council determines to be of special importance, and
(c) consider, and report on, any particular matter referred to the
Council—
(i) that relates to statutory inquiries in general, to statutory
inquiries of a particular description or to any particular
statutory inquiry, and
(ii) whose referral to the Council falls within paragraph 16.
Referral of matters to the Council under paragraphs 14 and 15
16 (1) This paragraph has effect for the purposes of paragraphs 14(1)(c) and 15(c).
(2) The referral of any matter falls within this paragraph if it is referred to the
Council jointly by—
(a) the Lord Chancellor,
(b) the Welsh Ministers, and
(c) the Scottish Ministers.
(3) In addition—
(a) the referral of a matter that relates only to Wales falls within this
paragraph if it is referred to th e Council by the Welsh Ministers,
(b) the referral of a matter that relates only to Scotland falls within this
paragraph if it is referred to the Council by the Scottish Ministers,and
(c) the referral of a matter that—
(i) does not relate to Scotland, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 2 — Functions157
(ii) if it relates to Wales, does not relate only to Wales,
falls within this paragraph if it is referred to the Council by the Lord
Chancellor.
Reports by the Council under paragraphs 14 and 15
17 (1) A report by the Council on a matter referred to it under paragraph 14(1)(c)
or 15(c) must be made to the authority or authorities who referred thematter.
(2) Any other report by the Council under paragraph 14 or 15—
(a) must be made to the Lord Chancellor,
(b) if it relates to Wales, must be made also to the Welsh Ministers, and
(c) if it relates to Scotland, must be made also to the Scottish Ministers.
(3) The Lord Chancellor must lay before each House of Parliament every report
made by the Council to him under this paragraph, other than a report thatrelates only to matters within sub-paragraph (4).
(4) Matters are within this sub-paragr aph if legislation providing for them
would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament if thelegislation were included in an Act of that Parliament.
(5) The Scottish Ministers must lay before the Scottish Parliament every report
made by the Council to them under this paragraph.
(6) The Welsh Ministers must lay before the National Assembly for Wales every
report made by the Council to them under this paragraph.
(7) Where—
(a) a report is required by this par agraph to be made to one or more, but
not all, of—
(i) the Lord Chancellor,
(ii) the Welsh Ministers, and
(iii) the Scottish Ministers, and
(b) the Council considers that the report could be relevant to matters
that are the responsibility of another of those authorities,
the Council must send a copy of the report to the other authority.
Referral of matters to, and reports by, the Scottish Committee
18 (1) The Council may not make a report on any matter relating only to Scotland
until the Council—
(a) has referred the matter of the report for consideration, and report to
the Council, by the Scottish Committee, and
(b) has considered the report of the Committee.
(2) Where the Council proposes to make a report on a matter that relates to
Scotland but not only to Scotland, the Council must give the ScottishCommittee details of the matter.
(3) The Scottish Committee may of its own motion make a report to the Council
on any of the following matters so far as relating to Scotland—
(a) any matter relating to the administrative justice system,
(b) the constitution or working—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 2 — Functions158
(i) of listed tribunals in general or of a particular listed tribunal,
or
(ii) of statutory inquiries in general or of statutory inquiries of a
particular description,
(c) any other matter— 
(i) that relates to listed tribunals in general, to a particular listed
tribunal, to statutory inquiries in general, to statutoryinquiries of a particular description or to any particular
statutory inquiry, and
(ii) that the Scottish Committee determines to be of special
importance, and
(d) any matter referred to the Council under paragraph 14(1)(c) or 15(c).
(4) If—
(a) the Council does not make a report on matters dealt with in a report
made by the Scottish Committee under sub-paragraph (1) or (3), or
(b) in making a report on those matters, the Council does not adopt the
report made by the Scottish Committee without modification,
the Scottish Committee may submit its report to the Scottish Ministers.
(5) Where the Scottish Committee—
(a) submits a report to the Scottish Ministers under sub-paragraph (4),
and
(b) considers that the report could be relevant to matters that are the
responsibility of the Lord Chancellor or the Welsh Ministers,
the Council must send a copy of the report to the Lord Chancellor or (as the
case may be) the Assembly.
(6) The Scottish Ministers must lay before the Scottish Parliament any report
submitted to them under sub-paragraph (4).
(7) In sub-paragraph (3)(a) “the administrative justice system” has the meaning
given by paragraph 13(4).
Referral of matters to, and reports by, the Welsh Committee
19 (1) The Council may not make a report on any matter relating only to Wales
until the Council—
(a) has referred the matter of the report for consideration, and report to
the Council, by the Welsh Committee, and
(b) has considered the report of the Committee.
(2) Where the Council proposes to make a report on a matter that relates to
Wales but not only to Wales, the Council must give the Welsh Committeedetails of the matter.
(3) The Welsh Committee may of its own motion make a report to the Council
on any of the following matters so far as relating to Wales—
(a) any matter relating to the administrative justice system,
(b) the constitution or working—
(i) of listed tribunals in general or of a particular listed tribunal,
or
(ii) of statutory inquiries in general or of statutory inquiries of a
particular description,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 2 — Functions159
(c) any other matter—
(i) that relates to listed tribunals in general, to a particular listed
tribunal, to statutory inquiries in general, to statutoryinquiries of a particular description or to any particular
statutory inquiry, and
(ii) that the Welsh Committee determines to be of special
importance, and
(d) any matter referred to the Council under paragraph 14(1)(c) or 15(c).
(4) If—
(a) the Council does not make a report on matters dealt with in a report
made by the Welsh Committee under sub-paragraph (1) or (3), or
(b) in making a report on those matters, the Council does not adopt the
report made by the Welsh Committee without modification,
the Welsh Committee may submit its report to the Welsh Ministers.
(5) Where the Welsh Committee—
(a) submits a report to the Welsh Ministers under sub-paragraph (4),
and
(b) considers that the report could be relevant to matters that are the
responsibility of the Lord Chancellor or the Scottish Ministers,
the Council must send a copy of the report to the Lord Chancellor or (as the
case may be) the Scottish Ministers.
(6) The Welsh Ministers must lay before the National Assembly for Wales any
report submitted to them under sub-paragraph (4).
(7) In sub-paragraph (3)(a) “the administrative justice system” has the meaning
given by paragraph 13(4).
The Council’s programme of work
20 (1) The Council must formulate, in general terms, a programme of the work that
the Council plans to undertake in carrying out its functions.
(2) The Council must— 
(a) keep the programme under review, and
(b) revise it when appropriate.
(3) In discharging its duties under sub-paragraphs (1) and (2), the Council must
have regard to—
(a) the work of the Civil Justice Council,
(b) the work of the Social Security Advisory Committee, and
(c) the work of the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council.
(4) The Council must send a copy of the programme, and a copy of any
significant revisions to the programme, to—
(a) the Lord Chancellor,
(b) the Welsh Ministers, and
(c) the Scottish Ministers.
Annual reports
21 (1) The Council must make an annual report on the proceedings of the Council
to— Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 2 — Functions160
(a) the Lord Chancellor,
(b) the Scottish Ministers, and
(c) the Welsh Ministers.
(2) The Scottish Committee must make an annual report to the Scottish
Ministers on the proceedings of the Scottish Committee.
(3) The Welsh Committee must make an annual report to the Welsh Ministers
on the proceedings of the Welsh Committee.
(4) The Lord Chancellor must lay before each House of Parliament a copy of any
report made under sub-paragraph (1).
(5) The Scottish Ministers must lay before the Scottish Parliament a copy of any
report made under sub-paragraph (1) or (2).
(6) The Welsh Ministers must lay before the National Assembly for Wales a
copy of any report made under sub-paragraph (1) or (3).
Right to attend proceedings
22 (1) A member of any of—
(a) the Council,
(b) the Scottish Committee, and
(c) the Welsh Committee,
may attend (as observer) proceedings of a listed tribunal or of a statutory
inquiry.
(2) The right under sub-paragraph (1) applies even in respect of proceedings—
(a) taking the form of a hearing held in private, or
(b) not taking the form of a hearing.
(3) The right under sub-paragraph (1) is subject to any statutory provision by
which members of the Council, members of the Scottish Committee or
members of the Welsh Committee are expressly excluded from proceedings.
Application to Northern Ireland
23 Nothing in paragraphs 13 to 15 authorises or requires the Council to deal
with a matter if legislation providing for the matter would be within thelegislative competence of the Northern Ireland Assembly.
P
ART 3
COUNCIL  TO BE CONSULTED  ON RULES  FOR LISTED  TRIBUNALS
24 (1) The power of a Minister of the Crown, the Welsh Ministers or the Scottish
Ministers to make, approve, confirm or concur in procedural rules for any
listed tribunal is exercisable only after consultation with the Council.
(2) Sub-paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to any procedural rules made
or to be made for a listed tribunal by the Tribunal Procedure Committee.
(3) The Council must consult the Scottish Committee in relation to the exercise
of its function under sub-paragraph (1) with respect to any tribunal havingjurisdiction in relation to Scotland.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 3 — Council to be consulted on rules for listed tribunals161
(4) The Council must consult the Welsh Committee in relation to the exercise of
its function under sub-paragraph (1) with respect to any tribunal havingjurisdiction in relation to Wales.
P
ART 4
INTERPRETATION
Meaning of “listed tribunal”
25 (1) The following are listed tribunals for the purposes of this Schedule—
(a) the First-tier Tribunal, and
(b) the Upper Tribunal.
(2) In addition, an authority may by order provide for a tribunal to be a listed
tribunal for the purposes of this Schedule if, or to the extent that, the tribunalis one for which the authority is responsible.
(3) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)—
(a) each of the following is an authority—
(i) the Lord Chancellor,
(ii) the Scottish Ministers, and
(iii) the Welsh Ministers, and
(b) the Lord Chancellor is the authority responsible for a tribunal unless,
or except to the extent that, paragraph 26 or 27 provides for theScottish Ministers or the Welsh Ministers to be the authorityresponsible for the tribunal.
(4) An order under sub-paragraph (2) may include—
(a) provision for a tribunal to be  a listed tribunal only for the purposes
of provisions of this Schedule specified in the order;
(b) provision for a tribunal to be a listed tribunal for the purposes of this
Schedule, or for the purposes of provisions of this Schedule specifiedin the order, only in so far as it exercises functions so specified.
(5) The power under sub-paragraph (2) may not be exercised so as to cause a
tribunal to be a listed tribunal for any purpose of this Schedule so far as itexercises functions with respect to relevant Northern Ireland matters; andfor this purpose a matter is a “relevant Northern Ireland matter” iflegislation providing for the matter would be within the legislativecompetence of the Northern Ireland Assembly.
(6) The power under sub-paragraph (2) may not be exercised so as to cause a
tribunal to be a listed tribunal for any purpose of this Schedule if the tribunalis established otherwise than by or under a statutory provision.
(7) Sub-paragraph (4) is not to be taken to prejudice the generality of section
49(3).
Responsible authorities for purposes of paragraph 25: Scotland
26 (1) This paragraph applies for the purposes of paragraph 25.
(2) The Scottish Ministers are the authority responsible for a tribunal if—
(a) all of the tribunal’s functions are exercisable only in relation to
Scotland, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 4 — Interpretation162
(b) at least one of the powers referred to in sub-paragraph (3) is
exercisable as mentioned in sub-paragraph (6).
(3) Those powers are—
(a) power to appoint the members of the tribunal;
(b) power to make procedural rules for the tribunal.
(4) In the case of a tribunal that exercises functions in relation to Scotland and
also exercises those or other functions in relation to somewhere other thanScotland, the Scottish Ministers are the authority responsible for the tribunalto the extent that it exercises functions in relation to Scotland if at least oneof the powers referred to in sub-paragraph (5) is exercisable as mentioned insub-paragraph (6).
(5) Those powers are—
(a) power to appoint the members of tribunal who exercise the
tribunal’s functions in relation to Scotland;
(b) power to make procedural rules for the exercise of the tribunal’s
functions in relation to Scotland.
(6) Power is exercisable as mentioned in this sub-paragraph if it is exercisable—
(a) by the Scottish Ministers, or
(b) by the Lord President of the Court of Session, 
and is not exercisable by them or him jointly or concurrently with a Minister
of the Crown.
Responsible authorities for purposes of paragraph 25: Wales
27 (1) This paragraph applies for the purposes of paragraph 25.
(2) The Welsh Ministers are the authority responsible for a tribunal if—
(a) all of the tribunal’s functions are exercisable only in relation to
Wales, and
(b) at least one of the powers referred to in sub-paragraph (3) is
exercisable as mentioned in sub-paragraph (6).
(3) Those powers are—
(a) power to appoint the members of the tribunal;
(b) power to make procedural rules for the tribunal.
(4) In the case of a tribunal that exercises functions in relation to Wales and also
exercises those or other functions in relation to somewhere other than Wales,the Welsh Ministers are the authority responsible for the tribunal to theextent that it exercises functions in relation to Wales if at least one of thepowers referred to in sub-paragraph (5) is exercisable as mentioned in sub-paragraph (6).
(5) Those powers are—
(a) power to appoint the members of the tribunal who exercise the
tribunal’s functions in relation to Wales;
(b) power to make procedural rules for the exercise of the tribunal’s
functions in relation to Wales.
(6) Power is exercisable as mentioned in this sub-paragraph if it is exercisable
by the Welsh Ministers and is not exercisable by the Welsh Ministers jointlyor concurrently with a Minister of the Crown.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 7 — Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
Part 4 — Interpretation163
Other definitions
28 (1) In this Schedule—
“enactment” includes an Act of the Scottish Parliament;“the Council” means the Administrat ive Justice and Tribunals Council;
“Minister of the Crown” has the meaning given in the Ministers of the
Crown Act 1975 (c. 26);
“procedural rules”, in relation to a tribunal, includes any statutory
provision relating to the practice or procedure of the tribunal;
“the Scottish Committee” means the Scottish Committee of the Council;
“statutory inquiry” means a 1992 Act inquiry held, or to be held, by or
on behalf of—
(a) a Minister of the Crown,
(b) the Scottish Ministers, or
(c) the Welsh Ministers;
“statutory provision” means a provision contained in, or having effect
under, any enactment;
“tribunal” does not include an ordinary court of law;
“the Welsh Committee” means the Welsh Committee of the Council;
(2) References in this Schedule to members of tribunals include references to the
person constituting a tribunal consisting of one person.
(3) In sub-paragraph (1) “1992 Act inquiry” means—
(a) an inquiry or hearing within paragraph (a) of the definition of
“statutory inquiry” in section 16(1) of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act1992 (c. 53), or
(b) an inquiry or hearing that is a statutory inquiry for the purposes of
that Act by virtue of an order under section 16(2) of that Act(including such an order made after the coming into force of thisSchedule).
SCHEDULE 8
Section 48(1)
TRIBUNALS  AND  INQUIRIES : CONSEQUENTIAL  AND  OTHER  AMENDMENTS
Taxes Management Act 1970 (c. 9)
1 (1) The following offices are abolished—
General Commissioner;
clerk to the General Commissioners for a division;assistant clerk to the General Commissioners for a division.
(2) In consequence of sub-paragraph (1), sections 2 and 3 of the Taxes
Management Act 1970 cease to have effect.
(3) In this paragraph—
“division” has the meaning given by s ection 2(1) and (6) of that Act;
“General Commissioner” means a Commissioner for the general
purposes of the income tax.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments164
Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 (c. 44)
2 In section 21(7E) of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970
(procedural regulations in connection wi th appeals against refusal of
application for disabled person’s badge), for “Council on Tribunals”substitute “Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council”.
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (c. 37)
3 In section 44 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (appeals in
connection with licensing provision s), after subsection (4) insert—
“(4A) A hearing held by a person appoint ed in pursuance of subsection (2)
above shall be a statutory inquiry for the purposes of Schedule 7 tothe Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (functions etc. ofAdministrative Justice and Tribunals Council).” 
House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 24)
4 In Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975
(bodies whose members are disqualified), in the appropriate places insert—
“The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council.”“The First-tier Tribunal.”
“The Scottish Committee of the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council.”
“The Upper Tribunal.”“The Welsh Committee of the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council.”
Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 25)
5 In Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification
Act 1975 (bodies whose members are disqualified), in the appropriate placesinsert—
“The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council.”
“The First-tier Tribunal.”“The Scottish Committee of the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council.”
“The Upper Tribunal.”
“The Welsh Committee of the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council.”
Litigants in Person (Costs and Expenses) Act 1975 (c. 47)
6 (1) The Litigants in Person (Costs and Expenses) Act 1975 is amended as
follows.
(2) In section 1(1) and (2) (costs, expenses and losses of litigant in person to be
recoverable), before the word “or” at the end of paragraph (b) insert—
“(ba) before the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal,”.
(3) In section 1(4) (meaning of “rules of court”), before the word “and” at the endTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments165
of paragraph (b) insert—
“(ba) in relation to the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal,
means Tribunal Procedure Rules,”.
Race Relations Act 1976 (c. 74)
7 In Part 2 of Schedule 1A to the Race Relations Act 1976 (bodies and other
persons subject to general statutory duty), under the heading “ Other bodies,
etc.” insert the following entries in the appropriate places—
“The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council.”“The Scottish Committee of the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council.”
“The Welsh Committee of the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council.”
Estate Agents Act 1979 (c. 38)
8 Omit section 24(2) of the Estate Agents Act 1979 (Council on Tribunals’ right
to attend hearings etc.).
Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c. 8)
9 The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 is amended as follows.
10 In paragraph 8 of Schedule 6 (appeals determined by appointed persons:
supplementary provision), after sub-paragraph (1) insert—
 “(1A) A local inquiry or hearing he ld in pursuance of this Schedule shall
be a statutory inquiry for the purposes of Schedule 7 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (functions etc. ofAdministrative Justice and Tribunals Council).”
11 In paragraph 8 of Schedule 7 (objections to simplified planning zone
schemes), after sub-paragraph (6) insert—
 “(7) A local inquiry or other hearing h eld under this paragraph shall be
a statutory inquiry for the purposes of Schedule 7 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (functions etc. ofAdministrative Justice and Tribunals Council).”
12 In paragraph 5 of Schedule 8 (local inqu iries held by Planning Inquiry
Commission), after sub-paragraph (3) insert—
 “(3A) An inquiry held by a commission under this paragraph shall be a
statutory inquiry for the purposes of Schedule 7 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (functions etc. ofAdministrative Justice and Tribunals Council).”
Food Safety Act 1990 (c. 16)
13 (1) The Food Safety Act 1990 is amended as follows.
(2) In section 26(2)(e) (regulations may provide for appeals, including appeals
to a tribunal set up by the regulations)—
(a) after “to the sheriff,” insert “or to the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper
Tribunal,” andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments166
(b) omit “or to a tribunal constituted in accordance with the
regulations,”.
(3) In section 37(2) (subsection (1)(c) does not apply where appeal may be made
to a tribunal set up by regulations under Part 2), for the words from “providefor an appeal” onwards substitute “provide for an appeal—
(a) to a tribunal constituted in accordance with the regulations,
or
(b) to the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal.”
Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41)
14 The Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 is amended as follows.
15 In section 119(1) (interpretation), in the definition of “court”, for paragraph
(a) (any tribunal kept under r eview by the Council on Tribunals)
substitute—
“(a) a tribunal that is (to any exten t) a listed tribunal for, or for any
of, the purposes of Schedule 7 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (functions etc. of AdministrativeJustice and Tribunals Council);”.
16 In Schedule 11 (full-time judges etc barred from legal practice), at the end
insert—
“Judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal—
(a) appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1) of Schedule 2
to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, or
(b) who is a transferred-in judge, or a transferred-in other
member, of the First-tier Tr ibunal (see section 31(2) of
that Act)
Judge or other member of the Upper Tribunal—
(a) appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1) of Schedule 3
to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, or
(b) who is a transferred-in judge, or a transferred-in other
member, of the Upper Tribu nal (see section 31(2) of
that Act)
Senior President of Tribunals
Chamber President, or Acting Chamber President or Deputy
Chamber President, of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal orof a chamber of the Upper Tribunal”.
Social Security Administration Act 1992 (c. 5)
17 The Social Security Administration Act 1992 is amended as follows.
18 In Schedule 4 (persons employed in  social security administration or
adjudication), in paragraph 3(b) of Part 2, for “Council on Tribunals or the”substitute “Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council or the Welsh or”.
19 In Schedule 7 (regulations not requir ing prior submission), in paragraphs 9
and 14, for the words from “Council on Tribunals” onwards substitute“Administrative Justice and Tribunals Coun cil is required by paragraph 24
of Schedule 7 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments167
Transport and Works Act 1992 (c. 42)
20 The Transport and Works Act 1992 is amended as follows.
21 In section 22 (validity of orders auth orising works), in subsections (1)(b) and
(2)(b), for “1971” substitute “1992”.
22 (1) Section 23 (inquiries etc. held by person appointed to determine application)
is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (9)—
(a) for “1971” substitute “1992”, and
(b) for “section 12(1)” substitute “section 10(1)”.
(3) After that subsection insert—
“(9A) A local inquiry or other hearing held by a person appointed under
this section shall be a statutory inquiry for the purposes of Schedule7 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (functions etc.of Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council).”
Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992 (c. 53)
23 The Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992 is amended as follows.
24 Omit section 5 (recommendations of Council as to appointment of members
of tribunals).
25 In section 6, subsections (1) to (3) (chair man of a tribunal presided over by a
Child Support Commissioner, and chairman of a reserve forcesreinstatement committee, to be selected from panels appointed by LordChancellor or Lord President of the Court of Session) cease to have effect.
26 In section 8 (procedural rules for tribunals), after subsection (1) insert—
“(1A) Subsection (1) does not apply with respect to any procedural rules
made or to be made by the Tribunal Procedure Committee.”
27 Omit section 8 (procedural rules for tribunals).
28 In section 9 (power of Lord Chancellor, after consulting the Council, to make
rules of procedure for statutory inquiries), after subsection (3) insert—
“(3A) The Council, in exercising their functions under this section in
relation to inquiries to be held in Wales, shall consult with the WelshCommittee.”
29 In section 14(1) (restricted application of Act in relation to certain
tribunals)—
(a) for “the working or a decision of, or procedural rules for,” substitute
“a decision of”, and
(b) for “working, decisions or procedure” substitute “decisions”.
30 In section 16(1) (interpretation)—
(a) for the definition of “Council” substitute—
““Council” means the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council,”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments168
(b) after the definition of “Council” insert—
““enactment” includes an Act of the Scottish
Parliament,”
(c) for the definition of “Scottish Committee” substitute—
““Scottish Committee” means the Scottish Committee of
the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council,”and
(d) after the definition of “statutory provision” insert—
““Welsh Committee” means the Welsh Committee of the
Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council.”
Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8)
31 (1) The Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 is amended as follows.
(2) In section 26 (retirement date for holders of certain judicial offices etc.),
subsection (7) is amended as follows.
(3) In paragraph (f), for the words from “(persons” to the end substitute
“(holders of relevant office);”.
(4) After paragraph (g) insert—
“(ga) hold office as a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal if—
(i) section 94B of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005
applied to the appointment, and
(ii) his corresponding qualifying office was listed in
section 6(1) of the Tribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007;”.
(5) In Part 2 of Schedule 1 (offices which ma y be qualifying judicial offices for
purposes of the pensions provisions), at the end of the part dealing with themembers of tribunals insert—
“Judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal appointed
under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1) of Schedule 2 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
Judge or other member of the Upper Tribunal appointed under
paragraph 1(1) or 2(1) of Schedule 3 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007
Transferred-in judge, or transferred-in other member, of the
First-tier Tribunal or of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2)of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007)
Senior President of Tribunals
Chamber President, or Deputy Chamber President, of a
chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or of a chamber of theUpper Tribunal”.
(6) In Schedule 5 (retirement provisions: the relevant offices), at the end insert—
“Judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal appointed
under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1) of Schedule 2 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
Judge or other member of the Upper Tribunal appointed under
paragraph 1(1) or 2(1) of Schedule 3 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments169
Transferred-in judge, or transferred-in other member, of the
First-tier Tribunal or of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2)of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007)
Senior President of Tribunals
Deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal appointed under
paragraph 7(1) of Schedule 3 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007, except in a case where the holding ofthe office by the person in question falls within section26(7)(ga) of this Act
Deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of an order under
section 31(2) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act2007
Chamber President, or Deputy Chamber President, of a
chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or of a chamber of theUpper Tribunal”.
Pension Schemes Act 1993 (c. 48)
32 In section 185(8) of the Pens ion Schemes Act 1993 (consultation about
regulations), for “Council on Tribunals” substitute “Administrative Justice
and Tribunals Council”.
Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1994 (c. 36)
33 (1) Section 17(3) of the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1994
(notices affecting land where recipient has died: exceptions where relatingto court or tribunal etc. proceedings) is amended as follows. 
(2) For paragraph (b) substitute—
“(b) any tribunal that is (to any extent) a listed tribunal for, or for
any of, the purposes of Schedule 7 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007 (functions etc. of AdministrativeJustice and Tribunals Council), or”.
(3) For “within the meaning of section 8 of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992”
substitute “within the meaning given by paragraph 28 of Schedule 7 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007”.
Criminal Injuries Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53)
34 In the Criminal Injuries Compensation Act 1995, after section 5 insert—
“5A Oaths to be taken by adjudicators
(1) A person appointed as an adjudicator under section 5 (“the
adjudicator”) must take—
(a) the oath of allegiance, and
(b) the judicial oath,
as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868.
(2) The adjudicator must take the oaths before—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) an eligible person who is nominated by the Senior President
of Tribunals for the purpose of taking the oaths from theadjudicator.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments170
(3) A person is eligible for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) if any one or
more of the following paragraphs applies to him—
(a) he holds high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005);
(b) he holds judicial office (as defined in section 109(4) of that
Act);
(c) he holds (in Scotland) the office of sheriff.
(4) In relation to a person who is an adjudicator appointed before the
coming into force of this section, the requirement in subsection (1)applies from the coming into force of this section.”
Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17)
35 The Employment Tribunals Act 1996 is amended as follows.
36 Before section 4 insert—
“3A Meaning of “Employment Judge”
A person who is a member of a panel of chairmen of employment
tribunals which is appointed in accordance with regulations undersection 1(1) may be referred to as an Employment Judge.”
37 In section 4 (composition of employment tribunals), in each of subsections
(2), (6), (6A) and (6B)(a) (which refer to the person who is the chairman of anemployment tribunal), after “the person mentioned in subsection (1)(a)alone” insert “or alone by any Employment Ju dge who, in accordance with
regulations made under section 1(1), is a member of the tribunal”.
38 In sections 4(4), 18(8) and 40(1), after “The Secretary of State” insert “and the
Lord Chancellor, acting jointly,”.
39 In section 5(1) (pay), for paragraph (c) substitute—
“(c) any person who is an Employment Judge on a full-time basis,
and”.
40 After section 5 insert—
“5A Training etc.
The Senior President of Tribunals is responsible, within the resources
made available by the Lord Chancellor, for the maintenance ofappropriate arrangements for the training, guidance and welfare ofmembers of panels of members of employment tribunals (in theircapacities as members of such panels, whether or not panels ofchairmen).
5B Members of employment tribunals: removal from office
(1) Any power by which the President of the Employment Tribunals
( E n g l a n d  a n d  W a l e s )  m a y  b e  r e m o v e d  f r o m  t h a t  o f f i c e  m a y  b eexercised only with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice ofEngland and Wales.
(2) Any power by which the President of the Employment Tribunals
(Scotland) may be removed from that office may be exercised onlywith the concurrence of the Lord President of the Court of Session.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments171
(3) Any power by which a member of a panel may be removed from
membership of the panel—
(a) may, if the person exercises functions wholly or mainly in
Scotland, be exercised only with the concurrence of the LordPresident of the Court of Session;
(b) may, if paragraph (a) does not apply, be exercised only with
the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England andWales.
(4) In subsection (3) “panel” means—
(a) a panel of chairmen of employment tribunals, or
(b) any other panel of members of employment tribunals,
which is appointed in ac cordance with regulations made under
section 1(1).
(5) The Lord Chief Justice of En gland and Wales may nominate a
judicial office holder (as defined in section 109(4) of theConstitutional Reform Act 2005) to exercise his functions under thissection.
(6) The Lord President of the Court of Session may nominate a judge of
the Court of Session who is a member of the First or Second Divisionof the Inner House of that Court to exercise his functions under thissection.
5C Oaths
(1) Subsection (2) applies to a person (“the appointee”)—
(a) who is appointed—
(i) as President of the Employment Tribunals (England
and Wales),
(ii) as President of the Employment Tribunals (Scotland),
or
(iii) as a member of a panel (as defined in section 5B(4)),
and
(b) who has not previously taken the required oaths after
accepting another office.
(2) The appointee must take the required oaths before—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) an eligible person who is nominated by the Senior President
of Tribunals for the purpose of taking the oaths from theappointee.
(3) If the appointee is a President or panel member appointed before the
coming into force of this section, the requirement in subsection (2)applies in relation to the appointee from the coming into force of thissection.
(4) A person is eligible for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) if one or
more of the following paragraphs applies to him—
(a) he holds high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005);
(b) he holds judicial office (as defined in section 109(4) of that
Act);Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments172
(c) he holds (in Scotland) the office of sheriff.
(5) In this section “the required oaths” means—
(a) the oath of allegiance, and
(b) the judicial oath,
as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868.
5D Judicial assistance
(1) Subsection (2) applies where regulations under section 1(1) make
provision for a relevant tribunal judge, or a relevant judge, to be ableby virtue of his office to act as a member of a panel of members ofemployment tribunals.
(2) The provision has effect only if—
(a) the persons in relation to whom the provision operates have
to be persons nominated for the purposes of the provision bythe Senior President of Tribunals,
(b) its operation in relation to a panel established for England
and Wales in any particular case requires the consent of thePresident of Employment Tribunals (England and Wales),
(c) its operation in relation to a panel established for Scotland in
any particular case requires the consent of the President ofEmployment Tribunals (Scotland),
(d) its operation as respects a particular relevant judge
requires—
(i) the consent of the relevant judge, and
(ii) the appropriate consent (see subsection (3)), and
(e) it operates as respects a relevant tribunal judge or a relevant
judge only for the purpose of enabling him to act as a memberof a panel of chairmen of employment tribunals.
(3) In subsection (2)(d)(ii) “the appropriate consent” means—
(a) the consent of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
where the relevant judge is—
(i) an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England
and Wales,
(ii) a puisne judge of the High Court in England and
Wales,
(iii) a circuit judge,
(iv) a district judge in England and Wales, or
(v) a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts);
(b) the consent of the Lord President of the Court of Session
where the relevant judge is—
(i) a judge of the Court of Session, or
(ii) a sheriff;
(c) the consent of the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland
where the relevant judge is—
(i) a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,
(ii) a puisne judge of the High Court in Northern Ireland,
(iii) a county court judge in Northern Ireland, or
(iv) a district judge in Northern Ireland.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments173
(4) In this section—
(a) “relevant tribunal judge” means—
(i) a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by
virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(1) ofSchedule 2 to the Tribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007,
(ii) a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal,
(iii) a person who is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by
virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(1) ofSchedule 3 to that Act,
(iv) a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal,
(v) a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal, or
(vi) a person who is the Chamber President of a chamber
of the First-tier Tribunal, or of a chamber of the UpperTribunal, and does not fall within any of sub-paragraphs (i) to (v);
(b) “relevant judge” means a person who—
(i) is an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in
England and Wales (including the vice-president, ifany, of either division of that Court),
(ii) is a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,
(iii) is a judge of the Court of Session,
(iv) is a puisne judge of the High Court in England and
Wales or Northern Ireland,
(v) is a circuit judge,
(vi) is a sheriff in Scotland,
(vii) is a county court judge in Northern Ireland,
(viii) is a district judge in England and Wales or Northern
Ireland, or
(ix) is a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts).
(5) References in subsection (4)(b)(iii) to (ix) to office-holders do not
include deputies or temporary office-holders.”
41 (1) Section 7A (practice directions) is amended as follows.
(2) Before subsection (1) insert—
“(A1) The Senior President of Tribunals may make directions about the
procedure of employment tribunals.”
(3) In subsection (1)—
(a) in paragraph (a), before “President” insert “territorial”, and
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for “such directions” substitute “directions
under subsection (A1) or paragraph (a)”.
(4) In subsection (2), for “by the President” substitute “under subsection (A1) or
(1)(a)”.
(5) After subsection (2) insert—
“(2A) The power under subsection (A1) includes—
(a) power to vary or revoke directions made in exercise of the
power, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments174
(b) power to make different provision for different purposes
(including different provision for different areas).
(2B) Directions under subsection (A1) may not be made without the
approval of the Lord Chancellor.
(2C) Directions under subsection (1)(a) may not be made without the
approval of—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, and
(b) the Lord Chancellor.
(2D) Subsections (2B) and (2C)(b) do not apply to directions to the extent
that they consist of guidance about any of the following—
(a) the application or interpretation of the law;
(b) the making of decisions by members of an employment
tribunal.
(2E) Subsections (2B) and (2C)(b) do not apply to directions to the extent
that they consist of criteria for determining which members ofemployment tribunals may be selected to decide particularcategories of matter; but the directions may, to that extent, be madeonly after consulting the Lord Chancellor.”
(6) In subsection (3), after “references to the” insert “territorial”.
42 After section 7A insert—
“7B Mediation
(1) Employment tribunal procedure regulations may include provision
enabling practice directions to provide for members to act asmediators in relation to disputed matters in a case that is the subjectof proceedings.
(2) The provision that may be included in employment tribunal
procedure regulations by virtue of subsection (1) includes provisionfor enabling practice directions to provide for a member to act asmediator in relation to disputed matters in a case even though themember has been selected to decide matters in the case.
(3) Once a member has begun to act as mediator in relation to a disputed
matter in a case that is the subject of proceedings, the member maydecide matters in the case only with the consent of the parties.
(4) Staff appointed under section 40(1)  of the Tribunals, Courts and
Enforcement Act 2007 (staff f or employment and other tribunals)
may, subject to their terms of appointment, act as mediators inrelation to disputed matters in a case that is the subject ofproceedings.
(5) Before making a practice direction that makes provision in relation
to mediation, the person making the direction must consult theAdvisory, Conciliation an d Arbitration Service.
(6) In this section—
“member” means a member of a panel of members of
employment tribunals (whether or not a panel of chairmen);
“practice direction” means a direction under section 7A;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments175
“proceedings” means proceedings before an employment
tribunal.”
43 In section 15(1) (enforc ement in England and Wales as  an order of a county
court), for the words from “shall, if a county court so orders,” to the endsubstitute “shall be recoverable by execution issued from a county court orotherwise as if it were payable under an order of a county court.”
44 After section 24 insert—
“24A Training etc. of members of Appeal Tribunal
The Senior President of Tribunals is responsible, within the resources
made available by the Lord Chancellor, for the maintenance ofappropriate arrangements for the training, guidance and welfare ofjudges, and other members, of the Appeal Tribunal (in theircapacities as members of the Appeal Tribunal).
24B Oaths
(1) Subsection (2) applies to a person (“the appointee”)—
(a) who is appointed under section 22(1)(c) or 23(3), or
(b) who is appointed under section 24(1A) and—
(i) falls when appointed within paragraph (a), but not
paragraph (b), of section 24(2), and
(ii) has not previously taken the required oaths after
accepting another office.
(2) The appointee must take the required oaths before—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) an eligible person who is nominated by the Senior President
of Tribunals for the purpose of taking the oaths from theappointee.
(3) If the appointee is a member of the Appeal Tribunal appointed
before the coming into force of this section, the requirement insubsection (2) applies in relation to the appointee from the cominginto force of this section.
(4) A person is eligible for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) if one or
more of the following paragraphs applies to him—
(a) he holds high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005);
(b) he holds judicial office (as defined in section 109(4) of that
Act);
(c) he holds (in Scotland) the office of sheriff.
(5) In this section “the required oaths” means—
(a) the oath of allegiance, and
(b) the judicial oath,
as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868.”
45 In section 27(1)(a) (payment of appointed members of Employment Appeal
Tribunal), after “members,” insert “and”.
46 (1) Section 28 (composition of Employment Appeal Tribunal) is amended as
follows.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments176
(2) In subsection (4) (appeals from employment tribunal consisting of chairman
alone), for the words from “question” to “section 4(1)(a) alone” substitute“chairman-alone question”.
(3) After subsection (4) insert—
“(4A) In subsection (4) “chairman-alone question” means—
(a) a question arising from any decision of an employment
tribunal that is a decision of—
(i) the person mentioned in section 4(1)(a) acting alone,
or
(ii) any Employment Judge acting alone, or
(b) a question arising in any proceedings before an employment
tribunal that are proceedings before—
(i) the person mentioned in section 4(1)(a) alone, or
(ii) any Employment Judge alone.”
47 After section 29 insert—
“29A Practice directions
(1) Directions about the procedure of the Appeal Tribunal may be
given—
(a) by the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) by the President of the Appeal Tribunal.
(2) A power under subsection (1) includes—
(a) power to vary or revoke directions given in exercise of the
power, and
(b) power to make different provision for different purposes.
(3) Directions under subsection (1)(a) may not be given without the
approval of the Lord Chancellor.
(4) Directions under subsection (1)(b) may not be given without the
approval of—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, and
(b) the Lord Chancellor.
(5) Subsection (1) does not prejudice any power apart from that
subsection to give directions about the procedure of the AppealTribunal.
(6) Directions may not be given in exercise of any such power as is
mentioned in subsection (5) without the approval of—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, and
(b) the Lord Chancellor.
(7) Subsections (3), (4)(b) and (6)(b) do not apply to directions to the
extent that they consist of guidance about any of the following—
(a) the application or interpretation of the law;
(b) the making of decisions by members of the Appeal Tribunal.
(8) Subsections (3), (4)(b) and (6)(b) do not apply to directions to the
extent that they consist of criteria for determining which members of
the Appeal Tribunal may be chosen to decide particular categories ofTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments177
matter; but the directions may, to that extent, be given only after
consulting the Lord Chancellor.
(9) Subsections (4) and (6) do no t apply to directions given in a
particular case for the purposes of that case only.
(10) Subsection (6) does not apply to directions under section 28(1).”
48 In section 30(3) (Employment Appeal Tribunal to regulate its own
procedure, subject to procedure rules), after the words “Appeal Tribunalprocedure rules” insert “and directions under section 28(1) or 29A(1)”.
Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 (c. 8)
49 The Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 is amended as follows.
50 In paragraph 5 of Schedule 6 (local inqu iries held by Planning Inquiry
Commission), after sub-paragraph (4) insert—
 “(4A) An inquiry held by a commission under this paragraph shall be a
statutory inquiry for the purposes of Schedule 7 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (functions etc. ofAdministrative Justice and Tribunals Council).”
51 In paragraph 8 of Schedule 7 (local in quiries held by Joint Planning Inquiry
Commission), after sub-paragraph (4) insert—
 “(4A) A local inquiry held by a joint commission shall be a statutory
inquiry for the purposes of Schedule 7 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (functions etc. of Administrative Justice andTribunals Council).”
Greater London Authority Act 1999 (c. 29)
52 In section 338 of the Greater London Authority Act 1999 (spatial
development strategy: examination in public), for subsection (10)substitute—
“(10) An examination in public shall constitute a statutory inquiry for the
purposes of Schedule 7 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act2007 (Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council).”
Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36)
53 In Part 6 of Schedule 1 to the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (public bodies
and offices), insert in the appropriate places—
“The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council.”
“The Scottish Committee of the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council.”
“The Welsh Committee of the Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council.”
Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41)
54 (1) The Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 is amended as follows.
(2) In section 107 (power for President of the Asylum and Immigration TribunalTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments178
to give practice directions), after subsection (1) insert—
“(1A) The Senior President of Tribunals may give directions as to the
practice to be followed by the Tribunal.”
(3) In section 107, after subsection (3) insert—
“(4) Directions under subsection (1) may not be given without the
approval of—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, and
(b) the Lord Chancellor.
(5) Directions under subsection (1A) may not be given without the
approval of the Lord Chancellor.
(6) Subsections (4)(b) and (5) do not apply to directions to the extent that
they consist of guidance about any of the following—
(a) the application or interpretation of the law;
(b) the making of decisions by members of the Tribunal.
(7) Subsections (4)(b) and (5) do not apply to directions to the extent that
they consist of criteria for determining which members of theTribunal may be chosen to decide particular categories of matter; butthe directions may, to that extent, be given only after consulting theLord Chancellor.”
(4) In Schedule 4 (membership etc. of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal),
in paragraph 3 (resignation, retirement and terms of appointment), aftersub-paragraph (2) insert—
 “(3) Any power by which a person may be removed from membership
of the Tribunal—
(a) may, if the person exerc ises functions wholly or mainly in
Scotland, be exercised only with the concurrence of theLord President of the Court of Session;
(b) may, if the person exerc ises functions wholly or mainly in
Northern Ireland, be exercised only with the concurrenceof the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland;
(c) may, if neither of paragraphs (a) and (b) applies, be
exercised only with the concurrence of the Lord ChiefJustice of England and Wales.”
(5) In Schedule 4, after paragraph 5 insert—
“Judicial assistance
5A (1) The Senior President of Tribunals, with the consent of the
President of the Tribunal, may assign—
(a) a relevant tribunal judge to act as a legally qualified
member of the Tribunal;
(b) a relevant other tribunal member to act as a member of the
Tribunal who is not a legally qualified member.
(2) In this paragraph—
(a) “relevant tribunal judge” means—
(i) a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by
virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(1) ofTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments179
Schedule 2 to the Tribunals, Courts and
Enforcement Act 2007,
(ii) a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal,
(iii) a person who is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by
virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(1) ofSchedule 3 to that Act,
(iv) a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal,
(v) a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal, or
(vi) a person who is the Chamber President of a
chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, or of a chamberof the Upper Tribunal, and does not fall within anyof sub-paragraphs (i) to (v);
(b) “relevant other tribunal member” means—
(i) a person who is a member of the First-tier Tribunal
by virtue of appointment under paragraph 2(1) ofSchedule 2 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007,
(ii) a transferred-in other member of the First-tier
Tribunal,
(iii) a person who is a member of the Upper Tribunal by
virtue of appointment under paragraph 2(1) ofSchedule 3 to that Act, or
(iv) a transferred-in other member of the Upper
Tribunal.
(3) A relevant tribunal judge within sub-paragraph (2)(a)(i) or (ii)
who is assigned under sub-paragraph (1) may, when acting underhis assignment, exercise any function or jurisdiction which isexercisable by a legally qualified member of the Tribunal who—
(a) has the title of Immigration Judge, and
(b) is neither the President, nor a Deputy President, of the
Tribunal.
(4) A relevant tribunal judge within sub-paragraph (2)(a)(iii), (iv) or
(v) who is assigned under sub-paragraph (1) may, when actingunder his assignment, exercise—
(a) any function or jurisdiction which is exercisable by a
legally qualified member of the Tribunal who—
(i) has the title of Immigration Judge, and
(ii) is neither the President, nor a Deputy President, of
the Tribunal, and
(b) any function or jurisdiction which is exercisable by a
legally qualified member of the Tribunal who—
(i) has the title of Senior Immigration Judge, and
(ii) is neither the President, nor a Deputy President, of
the Tribunal.
(5) A relevant other tribunal member who is assigned under sub-
paragraph (1) may, when acting under his assignment, exerciseany function or jurisdiction which is exercisable by a member ofthe Tribunal who—
(a) is appointed under paragraph 2(1)(e), andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments180
(b) is neither the President, nor a Deputy President, of the
Tribunal.
5B (1) The Senior President of Tribunals may—
(a) with the consent of the President of the Tribunal,
(b) with the consent required by sub-paragraph (4), and
(c) with the consent of the relevant judge concerned,
assign a relevant judge to act as a Senior Immigration Judge.
(2) In this paragraph “relevant judge” means a person who—
(a) is an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England and
Wales (including the vice-president, if any, of eitherdivision of that Court),
(b) is a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,
(c) is a judge of the Court of Session,
(d) is a puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales
or Northern Ireland,
(e) is a circuit judge,
(f) is a sheriff in Scotland,
(g) is a county court judge in Northern Ireland,
(h) is a district judge in England and Wales or Northern
Ireland, or
(i) is a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts).
(3) References in sub-paragraph (2)(c) to (i) to office-holders do not
include deputies or temporary office-holders.
(4) The consent required by this sub-paragraph is—
(a) the consent of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
where the relevant judge is—
(i) an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in
England and Wales,
(ii) a puisne judge of the High Court in England and
Wales,
(iii) a circuit judge,
(iv) a district judge in England and Wales, or
(v) a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts);
(b) the consent of the Lord President of the Court of Session
where the relevant judge is—
(i) a judge of the Court of Session, or
(ii) a sheriff;
(c) the consent of the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland
where the relevant judge is—
(i) a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,
(ii) a puisne judge of the High Court in Northern
Ireland,
(iii) a county court judge in Northern Ireland, or
(iv) a district judge in Northern Ireland.
(5) A relevant judge who is assigned under sub-paragraph (1) may,
when acting under his assignment, exercise—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments181
(a) any function or jurisdiction which is exercisable by a
legally qualified member of the Tribunal who—
(i) has the title of Immigration Judge, and
(ii) is neither the President, nor a Deputy President, of
the Tribunal, and
(b) any function or jurisdiction which is exercisable by a
legally qualified member of the Tribunal who—
(i) has the title of Senior Immigration Judge, and
(ii) is neither the President, nor a Deputy President, of
the Tribunal.”
(6) In paragraph 8 of Schedule 4 (allocation of proceedings)—
(a) in sub-paragraph (1) (President of the Tribunal to make
arrangements for allocation of proceedings to members of theTribunal), for “President” su bstitute “Senior President of Tribunals”,
and
(b) in sub-paragraph (2)(a) (arrangements ma y permit allocation by the
President of the Tribunal or another member), for “President oranother” substitute “Senior President of Tribunals or a”.
(7) In Schedule 4, after paragraph 12 insert—
“Training etc.
13 The Senior President of Tribunals is responsible, within the
resources made available by the Lord Chancellor, for themaintenance of appropriate arrangements for the training,guidance and welfare of members of the Tribunal (in theircapacities as such members).
Oaths
14 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a person (“the appointee”)—
(a) who is appointed under paragraph 1, and
(b) who has not previously taken the required oaths after
accepting another office.
(2) The appointee must take the required oaths before—
(a) the Senior President of Tribunals, or
(b) an eligible person who is nominated by the Senior
President of Tribunals for the purpose of taking the oathsfrom the appointee.
(3) A person is eligible for the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(b) if one
or more of the following paragraphs applies to him—
(a) he holds high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of
the Constitutional Reform Act 2005);
(b) he holds judicial office (as defined in section 109(4) of that
Act);
(c) he holds (in Scotland) the office of sheriff.
(4) In this paragraph “the required oaths” means (subject to sub-
paragraph (5))—
(a) the oath of allegiance, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments182
(b) the judicial oath,
as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868.
(5) Where it appears to the Lord Chancellor that the appointee will
carry out functions as a member of the Tribunal wholly or mainlyin Northern Ireland, he may direct that in relation to the appointee“the required oaths” means—
(a) the oath as set out in section 19(2) of the Justice (Northern
Ireland) Act 2002, or
(b) the affirmation and declaration  as set out in section 19(3) of
that Act.
(6) If the appointee is a member of the Tribunal appointed before the
coming into force of this paragraph, the requirement in sub-paragraph (2) applies in relation to the appointee from the cominginto force of this paragraph.”
Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)
55 (1) Section 98 of the Courts Act 2003 (register of judgments and orders etc.) is
amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) (registrable order s etc.), after paragraph (e) insert—
“(f) a decision or award of—
(i) the First-tier Tribunal,
(ii) the Upper Tribunal,
(iii) an employment tribunal, or
(iv) the Employment Appeal Tribunal,
in pursuance of which any sum is payable.”
(3) In subsection (3) (regulations)—
(a) in each of paragraphs (a) and (b) (exemption), after “orders” insert
“, decisions, awards”, and
(b) in paragraph (d) (power to provide for certain sums only to be
registered), after “magistrates’ court” insert “or in the case of sumspayable in pursuance of decisions or awards of a tribunal mentionedin subsection (1)(f)”.
Title Conditions (Scotland) Act 2003 (asp 9)
56 The Title Conditions (Scotland) Act 2003 is amended as follows.
57 In section 104(1) (rules as to when certain orders of Lands Tribunal take
effect), for “Council on Tribuna ls” substitute “Administrative Justice and
Tribunals Council”.
58 In section 126 (rules as to fees chargeable by Lands Tribunal in relation to
functions under Act), for “Council on Tribunals” substitute “AdministrativeJustice and Tribunals Council”.
Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (c. 5)
59 In section 8 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (regional
spatial strategy: examination in public), for subsection (7) substitute—
“(7) An examination in public—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments183
(a) is a statutory inquiry for the purposes of Schedule 7 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (AdministrativeJustice and Tribunals Council), but
(b) is not a statutory inquiry for the purposes of the Tribunals
and Inquiries Act 1992.”
Gender Recognition Act 2004 (c. 7)
60 In paragraph 6(5) of Schedule 1 to the Gender Recognition Act 2004
(directions about practice and procedure of Gender Recognition Panels), for“Council on Tribunals” substitute “Administrative Justice and TribunalsCouncil”.
Civil Contingencies Act 2004 (c. 36)
61 In section 25 of the Civil Contin gencies Act 2004 (consultation in connection
with establishment of tribunal), in each of subsections (1), (2)(b), (3) and (6),for “Council on Tribunals” substitute “Administrative Justice and TribunalsCouncil”.
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)
62 The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 is amended as follows.
63 In section 109(5) (disciplinary power s: meaning of “senior judge”), after
paragraph (d) insert—
“(da) Senior President of Tribunals;”.
64 In Schedule 7 (protected functions of Lord Chancellor), in Part A (general) of
the list in paragraph 4—
(a) omit the entry for section 6(2), (8)  and (9) of the Tribunals and
Inquiries Act 1992 (c. 53), and
(b) omit the entry for paragraph 7(4) of Schedule 5 to that Act.
65 (1) In Schedule 12 (the Judicial Appointments Commission), paragraph 2
(members) is amended as follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (2)(d) (o ne member must be holder of an office listed in
Part 3 of Schedule 14), after “listed in Part 3 of Schedule 14” insert “or of anoffice listed in sub-paragraph (2A)”.
(3) After sub-paragraph (2) insert—
 “(2A) The offices referred to in sub-paragraph (2)(d) are—
(a) Senior President of Tribunals;
(b) judge of the Upper Tribunal appointed under paragraph
1(1) of Schedule 3 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007;
(c) transferred-in judge, or transferred-in other member, of
the First-tier Tribunal or of the Upper Tribunal (see section31(2) of that Act);
(d) deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal under section 31(2) of
that Act;
(e) member of the Employment Appeal Tribunal appointed
under section 22(1)(c) of the Employment Tribunals Act1996.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 8 — Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments184
66 (1) Schedule 14 (Judicial Appointments Commission: relevant offices and
enactments) is amended as follows.
(2) In Part 1 (appointments by Her Majesty), at the end insert—
(3) In Part 3 (appointments by Lord Chancellor to offices to which paragraph
2(2)(d) of Schedule 12 applies), at the end insert—“Judge of the Upper Tribunal
by appointment underparagraph 1(1) of Schedule 3to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007Paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3
to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007”
“Chamber President of a
chamber of the First-tierTribunal, or of a chamber ofthe Upper Tribunal, byappointment under section7(7) of the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007, butnot where appointed inaccordance with paragraph2(2) to (5) of Schedule 4 to thatActSection 7(7) of the Tribunals,
Courts and Enforcement Act2007
Judge of the First-tier Tribunal
by appointment underparagraph 1(1) of Schedule 2to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007Paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 2
to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007
Other member of the First-tier
Tribunal by appointmentunder paragraph 2(1) ofSchedule 2 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act2007Paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 2
to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007
Other member of the Upper
Tribunal by appointmentunder paragraph 2(1) ofSchedule 3 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act2007Paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 3
to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007
Deputy judge of the Upper
Tribunal by appointmentunder paragraph 7(1) ofSchedule 3 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act2007Paragraph 7(1) of Schedule 3
to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 1 — General and miscellaneous185
SCHEDULE 9 Section 48(2)
TRIBUNALS : TRANSITIONAL  PROVISION
PART 1
GENERAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS
Introductory
1 The following provisions of this Schedule ar e to be taken not to prejudice the
generality of sections 31(9) and 145(1).
Membership of Tribunal Procedure Committee
2 (1) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for a person—
(a) who is a scheduled tribunal, or
(b) who is a member of a scheduled tribunal,
to be treated for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 22 of
Schedule 5 as falling within paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of that sub-paragraph.
(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “scheduled tr ibunal” means a tribunal in a list in
Schedule 6 that has effect for the purposes of section 30.
(3) The power under sub-paragraph (1) may not be exercised so as to provide
for the Secretary of State to be treated as mentioned in that sub-paragraph.
PART 2
JUDGES  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF FIRST-TIER AND  UPPER  TRIBUNALS : RETIREMENT  DATES
Interpretation of Part 2 of Schedule
3 (1) For the purposes of this Part of this Schedule—
(a) “relevant judicial office” means—
(i) the office of transferred-in judge, or transferred-in other
member, of the First-tier Tribunal or of the Upper Tribunal(see section 31(2)),
(ii) an office to which a person is appointed under paragraph 1(1)
or 2(1) of Schedule 2 or 3 (judge, or other member, of the First-
tier Tribunal or of the Upper Tribunal),Deputy Chamber President of
a chamber of the First-tierTribunal, or of a chamber ofthe Upper Tribunal, but notwhere appointed inaccordance with paragraph5(5) to (8) of Schedule 4 to theTribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007Paragraph 5(1) of Schedule 4
to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 2 — Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals: retirement dates186
(iii) the office of deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal (whether
under section 31(2) or under paragraph 7 of Schedule 3),
(iv) the office of Chamber President, or Deputy Chamber
President, of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or of theUpper Tribunal, or
(v) the office of Senior President of Tribunals;
(b) “relevant day”, in relation to a person who holds a relevant judicial
office, means the day when he was appointed to that office or, if heholds that office as the latest in an unbroken succession of differentrelevant judicial offices, the day when he was appointed to the firstof the offices in that succession;
(c) an office is a “qualifying office”  at any particular time (but see sub-
paragraph (2)) if—
(i) the office is that of member of a tribunal which at that time is
in a list in Schedule 6, or
(ii) the office itself is at that time in a list in Schedule 6,
and (in either case) the list has effect at that time for the purposes of
section 30;
(d) “the 1993 Act” means the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993
(c. 8).
(2) Where—
(a) a person held two or more qualifying offices (“the actual offices”)
immediately before the relevant day, and
(b) at that time the person held at least one of the actual offices on a
salaried basis and held at least one of the actual offices on a non-salaried basis,
the person shall be treated for the purposes of paragraphs 6 and 7 as not
having held immediately before the relevant day any of the actual officesthat the person held on a non-salaried basis at that time.
(3) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)—
(a) a person holds an office on a salaried basis at any particular time if,
at that time, the person’s service in the office is remunerated bypayment of a salary, and
(b) a person holds an office on a non-salaried basis at any particular time
if, at that time, the person’s service in the office—
(i) is remunerated by the payment of fees,
(ii) is remunerated by the payment of a supplement to the salary
payable to him in respect of his service in another office, or
(iii) is unremunerated.
Retirement from First-tier and Upper Tribunals: application of paragraphs 5 to 8
4 Paragraphs 5 to 8 apply where a person holds a relevant judicial office.
Retirement later than age 70 in certain cases where office previously held in another tribunal
5 (1) Subject to paragraph 8(1) (persons who held certain judicial offices on 30th
March 1995), sub-paragraphs (3) and (4) apply where the person has apersonal retirement date under either or both of paragraphs 6 and 7.
(2) In sub-paragraphs (3) and (4) and paragraph 8(1) and (2)—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 2 — Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals: retirement dates187
(a) if the person has a personal retirement date under just one of
paragraphs 6 and 7 or has the same personal retirement date undereach of those paragraphs, “the special date” means that date;
(b) if the person has a personal retirement date under each of those
paragraphs and those dates are different, “the special date” meansthe later of those dates.
(3) Subsection (1) of section 26 of the 1993 Act  shall have effect (subject to the
following provisions of that section) as if it provided for the person to vacate
the relevant judicial office on the special date.
( 4 ) T h e  s p e c i a l  d a t e  i s  t o  b e  t a k e n  f o r  t h e  p u r p o s e s  o f  t h a t  s e c t i o n  t o  b e  t h e
compulsory retirement date for the relevant judicial office in the person’s
case.
Cases where retirement from existing office would be after age 70
6 (1) Sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) apply where, immediately before the relevant
day, the person—
(a) held a qualifying office, and
(b) was required to vacate the qualifying office on a day later than the
day on which he attains the age of 70.
(2) The person’s personal retirement date under this paragraph is the later day
mentioned in sub-paragraph (1)( b), subject to sub-paragraph (3).
(3) If— 
(a) there are two or more qualifying offices each of which is one that,
immediately before the relevant day, the person—
(i) held, and
(ii) was required to vacate on a day later than the day on which
he attains the age of 70, and
(b) the later day mentioned in paragraph (a)(ii) is not the same for each
of those offices,
the person’s personal retirement date under this paragraph is the latest (or
later) of those later days.
Cases where no requirement to retire from existing office
7 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies where—
(a) immediately before the relevant day, the person held, on an
unlimited basis, a qualifying office or two or more qualifying offices,and
(b) the relevant day falls after the day on which the person attains the
age of 69.
(2) The person’s personal retirement date under this paragraph is the last day
of the 12 months beginning with the day after the relevant day.
(3) For the purposes of this paragraph, a person holds an office on an unlimited
basis at a particular time if at that time he is not required to vacate the officeat any particular later time.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 2 — Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals: retirement dates188
Interaction between rules under paragraph 5, and rules under Schedule 7 to the 1993 Act, in 
cases where office held on 30th March 1995
8( 1 ) I f —
(a) sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 2 of Schedule 7 to the 1993 Act
(transitional provision where per son held salaried relevant office on
30th March 1995) has effect in relation to retirement from the relevantjudicial office in the person’s case, and
(b) the date that, for the purposes of that paragraph, is the person’s
potential retirement date by reference to his pre-commencementoffice (“the retirement date preserved in 1995”) is the same as, or laterthan, the special date, 
paragraph 5(3) and (4) do not apply.
(2) If the special date is later than the retirement date preserved in 1995,
paragraph 2(2)(b) of Schedule 7 to the 1993 Act does not have effect inrelation to the relevant judicial office in the person’s case.
(3) Accordingly, in paragraph 1 of Schedule 7 to the 1993 Act, after sub-
paragraph (5) insert—
 “(6) Paragraph 2(2) has effect subject to paragraph 8(2) of Schedule 9 to
the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (certain caseswhere the post-commencement office is that of judge, or othermember, of the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal).”
Eligibility for appointment after having attained age of 70
9 (1) Sub-paragraph (3) applies in respect of a person on each day that—
(a) is, or is later than, the day on which the person attains the age of 70,
(b) is a day on which the person holds a qualifying office, and
(c) is earlier than the day on which the person is required to vacate the
qualifying office.
(2) Sub-paragraph (3) also applies in respect of a person on each day that—
(a) is, or is later than, the day on which the person attains the age of 70,
and
(b) is a day on which the person holds, on an unlimited basis, a
qualifying office.
(3) Where this sub-paragraph applies in respect of a person on a day, the fact
that the person has attained the age of 70 shall not (by itself) render himineligible for appointment (or re-appointment) on that day to a relevantjudicial office.
(4) For the purposes of this paragraph, a person holds an office on an unlimited
basis at a particular time if at that time he is not required to vacate the officeat any particular later time.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 3 — Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals: pensions where office acquired under section 
31(2)189
PART 3
JUDGES  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF FIRST-TIER AND  UPPER  TRIBUNALS : PENSIONS  WHERE  
OFFICE  ACQUIRED  UNDER  SECTION  31(2)
Interpretation of Part 3 of Schedule
10 For the purposes of this Part of this Schedule—
(a) “new office” means—
(i) the office of judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of being
a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal,
(ii) the office of other member of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue
of being a transferred-in other member of the First-tierTribunal,
(iii) the office of judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of being a
transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal, and
(iv) the office of other member of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of
being a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal;
(b) a person holds an office “on a salaried basis” if and so long as, and to
the extent that—
(i) the person’s service in the office is remunerated by payment
of a salary, and
(ii) the salary is not subject to terms which preclude rights to
pensions and other benefits accruing by reference to it;
(c) a person shall be regarded as holding “qualifying judicial office” at
any time when he holds, on a salaried basis, any one or more of theoffices specified in Schedule 1 to the 1993 Act, and any reference to a“qualifying judicial office” is a reference to any office specified in thatSchedule if it is held on a salaried basis;
(d) “the 1993 Act” means the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993
(c. 8).
Right to opt in to Part 1 of the 1993 Act where qualifying judicial office not previously held
11 (1) Sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) apply where—
(a) a person becomes, as a result of pr ovision under section 31(2), the
holder of a new office,
(b) before that, the person has never held qualifying judicial office, and
(c) the person, on becoming the holder of the new office, holds the new
office on a salaried basis.
(2) Section 1(1)(a) of the 1993 Act (Part 1 of the 1993 Act applies to a person who
first holds qualifying judicial office on or after 31st March 1995) does nothave effect in relation to the person.
(3) The person is entitled, subject to paragraph 12, to elect for Part 1 of the 1993
Act (judicial pensions) to apply to him.
(4) Part 1 of the 1993 Act applies to a person who makes an election under sub-
paragraph (3).
(5) Sub-paragraph (4) is subject to sections 1(5) and 13 of the 1993 Act (where
person has opted out of Part 1 of the 1993 Act then, except as provided bysection 13 of that Act, that Part does not apply to the person).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 3 — Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals: pensions where office acquired under section
31(2)190
Election under paragraph 11(3) for pension under Part 1 of the 1993 Act
12 (1) In this paragraph “opt-in election” means an election under paragraph 11(3).
(2) An opt-in election may be made only in such circums tances, within such
time and in such manner as the Lord Chancellor may by regulations
prescribe.
(3) An opt-in election is irrevocable.
(4) Regulations under sub-paragraph (2) may permit the making of an opt-in
election even though the person in respect of whom the opt-in election ismade—
(a) has ceased (whether by virtue of dying or otherwise) to hold the
office mentioned in paragraph 11(1)(a), or
(b) has ceased to hold that office on a salaried basis without having
ceased to hold that office.
(5) Where regulations under sub-paragraph (2) permit the making of an opt-in
election in respect of a person who has died, the right to make that electionis exercisable by the person’s personal representatives.
(6) The Lord Chancellor may by regulations provide for a person in respect of
whom an opt-in election is made to be treated for such purposes as may beprescribed by the regulations as if the person  had, at such times as may be
prescribed by the regulations, been a person to whom Part 1 of the 1993 Act
applies.
(7) An opt-in election may not be made in respect of a person at any time when
an election made under section 13 of the 1993 Act (election to opt out of Part1 of the 1993 Act) is in force in respect of the person.
Continuation of existing public service pension arrangements in certain cases
13 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies if—
(a) a person, as a result of provision under section 31(2), becomes the
holder of a new office,
(b) either—
(i) the person held qualifying judicial office immediately before
31st March 1995, or
(ii) before becoming the holder of the new office, the person has
never held qualifying judicial office,
(c) immediately before the person becomes the holder of the new
office—
(i) the person holds an office within paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of
section 31(2) (the “old office”), and
(ii) the person’s service in the old office is subject to a public
service pension scheme,
(d) the person, on becoming the holder of the new office, holds the new
office on a salaried basis, and
(e) immediately after the person becomes the holder of the new office,
the person—
(i) is not a person to whom Part 1 of the 1993 Act applies, and
(ii) is not a person to whom that Part would apply but for section
13 of that Act.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 3 — Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals: pensions where office acquired under section 
31(2)191
(2) The person’s service in the new offi ce, so far as it is service during the
continuity period—
(a) shall be subject to that public service pension scheme, and
(b) shall be subject to that scheme in a way that corresponds to the way
in which the person’s service in the old office was subject to thatscheme.
(3) In sub-paragraph (2) “the c ontinuity period” means the period—
(a) that begins when the person becomes the holder of the new office on
a salaried basis, and
(b) that ends with whichever of the following first happens after that—
(i) the person’s ceasing to hold the new office,
(ii) the person’s ceasing to hold the new office on a salaried basis
without ceasing to hold the new office,
(iii) the person’s becoming a person to whom Part 1 of the 1993
Act applies, and
(iv) the person’s becoming a person to whom Part 1 of the 1993
Act would apply but for section 13 of that Act.
(4) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)(c)(ii), the person’s service in the old
office is not to be treated as subject to a public service pension scheme at atime when the scheme does not apply to him as a result of his havingexercised a right to elect for the scheme not to apply to him.
(5) A public service pension sche me which, apart from sub-paragraph (2),
would not be a judicial pension scheme for the purposes of the 1993 Act doesnot become a judicial pension scheme for those purposes if it is only as aresult of sub-paragraph (2) that pension s and other benefits are payable
under the scheme in respect of service in qualifying judicial office.
(6) In this paragraph “public service pension scheme” means any public service
pension scheme, as defined in—
(a) section 1 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (c. 48), or
(b) section 1 of the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland) Act 1993 (c. 49).
P
ART 4
AMENDMENTS  TO THE JUDICIAL  PENSIONS  AND  RETIREMENT  ACT 1993
14 The Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8) is amended as follows.
15 (1) Section 1 (application of Part 1: judicial pensions) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) (persons to whom Part 1 of the 1993 Act applies), after
paragraph (d) insert “and
(e) to any person appointed to a qualifying judicial office in
circumstances falling within subsection (4A) below;”.
(3) In subsection (1), after “but this subsection is subject to the following
provisions of this Act” insert “and to Part 3 of Schedule 9 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (transi tional arrangements for pensions of
certain judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal and UpperTribunal)”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 4 — Amendments to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993192
(4) After subsection (4) insert—
“(4A) The circumstances of a person’s appointment to a qualifying judicial
office (“the subsequent office”) fall within this subsection if—
(a) the person, immediately before being appointed to the
subsequent office, holds an office within subsection (4B)below (“the replacement tribunal office”);
(b) the person held the replacement tribunal office on a salaried
basis from when he became its holder until immediatelybefore being appointed to the subsequent office; and
(c) the person, before becoming the holder of the replacement
tribunal office, had never held qualifying judicial office.
(4B) The offices within this subsection are—
(a) the office of judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of being
a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal,
(b) the office of other member of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue
of being a transferred-in other member of the First-tierTribunal,
(c) the office of judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of being a
transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal, and
(d) the office of other member of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of
being a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal.”
16 In section 9(4) (contribution towards cost of surviving spouse’s, surviving
civil partner’s and surviving ch ildren’s pension), for “or (d) above,”
substitute “, (d) or (e) above or in the case of persons to whom this Partapplies by virtue of paragraph 11(4) of Schedule 9 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007,”.
17 (1) In section 12(1) (transfer of accrued benefits under judicial pension schemes
in certain cases where person held qualifying judicial office before 31stMarch 1995)—
(a) for “or (d)” substitute “, (d) or (e)”,
(b) after “of section 1(1) above” insert “or by virtue of paragraph 11(4) of
Schedule 9 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007”, and
(c) omit paragraph (b) (which is superseded by the new section 12B
inserted by this Part of this Schedule).
(2) In the sidenote to section 12, for the words after “Transfer of rights”
substitute “under judicial pension schemes”.
18 After section 12 insert—
“12A Transfer of rights under other public service pension schemes
(1) Where this Part—
(a) begins, on or after the day on which this section comes into
force, to apply to a person by virtue of section 1(1)(d) above,or
(b) begins to apply to a person—
(i) by virtue of section 1(1)(e) above, or
(ii) by virtue of paragraph 11(4) of Schedule 9 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 4 — Amendments to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993193
any relevant public service pension rights of his shall be transferred
to the scheme constituted by this Part.
(2) Where a person’s rights under a public service pension scheme are
transferred under subsection (1) above—
(a) that scheme shall no longer have  effect in relation to him, and
(b) no pension or lump sum under the scheme shall be paid to or
in respect of him.
(3) Regulations may make provision—
(a) for calculating, whether by actuarial assessment or
otherwise, the amount or value of the rights transferredunder subsection (1) above, and
(b) prescribing the manner in which those rights are to be given
effect under this Part.
(4) Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (b) of subsection (3)
above, regulations under that paragraph may provide for rightstransferred under subsection (1) above to be given effect by creditingthe person in question with such service, on or after the day on whichthis Part first applies to the person, as may be prescribed.
(5) For the purposes of this section, a persons’s “relevant public service
pension rights” are the person’s accrued rights to benefit under anypublic service pension scheme, but this is subject to subsections (6) to(8) below.
(6) A person’s rights un der a public service pension scheme are not
“relevant public service pension rights” if the scheme is a judicialpension scheme other than—
(a) the principal civil se rvice pension scheme, or
(b) the principal civil service pen sion scheme for the civil service
of Northern Ireland.
(7) A person’s rights—
(a) under the principal civil service pension scheme, or
(b) under the principal civil service pension scheme for the civil
service of Northern Ireland,
are not “relevant public service pension rights” if they are transferred
under section 12 above.
(8) A person’s rights un der a public service pension scheme are not
“relevant public service pension rights” unless at least some of hisservice which was subject to the scheme was qualifying tribunalservice and, in that event, all of his rights under the scheme shall beregarded as relevant public service pension rights.
(9) In this section—
“prescribe” means prescribe in regulations;
“public service pension sc heme” means any public service
pension scheme, as defined in—
(a) section 1 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993, or
(b) section 1 of the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland)
Act 1993;
“qualifying tribunal service” means—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 9 — Tribunals: transitional provision
Part 4 — Amendments to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993194
(a) service as, or as a member of, a tribunal specified in a
list in Schedule 6 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 that has effect for the purposesof section 30 of that Act, or
(b) service as an authorised decision-maker for a
tribunal, within the meaning given by section 31(4) ofthat Act;
“regulations” means regulations made by the Lord Chancellor
with the concurrence of the Treasury.
12B Rate of pension etc. where rights transferred under section 12 or 12A
Entitlement to, and the rate or amount of, any judicial pension or
derivative benefit payable under this Part to or in respect of a personwhose rights are transferred under section 12 or 12A above shall bedetermined by reference to—
(a) any rights of his that are transferred under section 12 above,
(b) any rights of his that are transferred under section 12A above,
and
(c) his service in qualifying judicial office on or after the day on
which this Part first applies to him.”
19 In section 23 (which provides that Schedule 2 does not apply to transfers
under section 12), after “section 12” insert “or 12A”.
SCHEDULE 10
Section 50
AMENDMENTS  RELATING  TO JUDICIAL  APPOINTMENTS
PART 1
AMENDMENTS
1 (1) Paragraph 2A of the Schedule to the War Pensions (Administrative
Provisions) Act 1919 (c. 53) (legally qualified member of Pensions AppealTribunals) is amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “7” substitute “5”.
2 (1) Section 109 of the London Building Acts (Amendment) Act 1939 (c. xcvii) is
amended as follows.
(2) For subsection (1)(b) (tribunal of appeal: Lord Chancellor’s nominee)
substitute—
“(b) A person is eligible to be nominated by the Lord Chancellor
under paragraph (a) or (h) of this subsection only if theperson—
(i) is a solicitor of the Senior Courts of England and
Wales,
(ii) is a barrister in England and Wales, orTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments195
(iii) has a qualification that is specified under subsection
(4) of this section;”.
(3) After subsection (3) insert—
“(4) The Lord Chancellor may by order specify a qualification for the
purposes of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section.
(5) Subsections (2) to (4), (9), (10) and (12) to (14) of section 51 of the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (contents of andprocedure for orders under subsection (1) of that section, andcessation of effect of such orders) shall apply for the purposes ofsubsection (4) of this section as they apply for the purposes ofsubsection (1) of that section, but as if the reference in subsection (3)of that section to section 50 of that Act were a reference to thissection.
(6) For the purposes of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section, a
person shall be taken first to become a barrister—
(a) when the person completes pupillage in connection with
becoming a barrister, or
(b) in the case of a person not required to undertake pupillage in
connection with becoming a barrister, when the person iscalled to the Bar of England and Wales.
(7) For the purposes of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section, a
person shall be taken not to be a solicitor  or a barrister, or not to have
a qualification specified under subsection (4) of this section, if as aresult of disciplinary proceedings he is prevented from practising asa solicitor or (as the case may be) as a barrister or as a holder of thespecified qualification.”
(4) At any time before the coming into force of section 59(1) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (renaming of Supreme Court), thereference to the Senior Courts in the section 109(1)(b) substituted by sub-paragraph (2) is to be read as a reference to the Supreme Court.
3 (1) Paragraph 2A(2) of the Schedule to the Pensions Appeal Tribunals Act 1943
(c. 39) (legally qualified members of Pensions Appeal Tribunals) is amendedas follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition
on a 5-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “seven” substitute “five”.
4 In paragraph 13(1) of Schedule 9 to the Agriculture Act 1947 (chairman of
agricultural land tribunal), for the words from “person” to the end substitute“person who satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis.”
5 (1) Section 2(2) of the Lands Tribunal Act 1949 (c. 42) (President and members
of Lands Tribunal) is amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (b) substitute—
“(b) satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-
year basis; or”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments196
(3) In paragraph (c) and in the words after that paragraph, for “7” substitute “5”.
6 (1) The Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1951 (c. 46) is amended as follows.
(2) In section 31(1) (Judge Advocate General)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 7-year basis;”, and
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for “10” (in each place where it occurs)
substitute “7”.
(3) In section 31(2) (Vice Judge Advocate General and assistants)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 5-year basis;”, and
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for “7” (in each place where it occurs)
substitute “5”.
7 In section 12(2) of the City of London (Courts) Act 1964 (c. iv) (Common
Serjeant), for the words from “he has a 10 year” to the end substitute “hesatisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 7-year basis.”
8 (1) Section 4(2) of the Taxes Management Act 1970 (c. 9) (Special
Commissioners) is amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a
7-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “10” substitute “7”.
9 (1) The Courts Act 1971 (c. 23) is amended as follows.
(2) In section 16(3) (Circuit judges), for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a
7-year basis;”.
(3) In section 21(2) (recorders), for the words from “he has a 10 year” to the end
substitute “he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 7-year basis.”
(4) In section 24(1)(b) (assistant recorders), for the words from “any person who
has a 10 year” to the end substitute “any person who satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 7-year basis.”
10 (1) Paragraph 1(1)(a) of Schedule 3 to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (c. 38)
(tribunal chairmen) is amended as follows.
(2) For sub-paragraph (i) substitute—
“(i) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 5-year basis;”.
(3) In sub-paragraphs (ii) and (iii), for “7” substitute “5”.
11 (1) Paragraph 3(2) of Schedule A1 to the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (c. 39)(the
panel of chairmen of the Consumer Credit Appeals Tribunal) is amended as
follows.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments197
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-
year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “seven” substitute “five”.
12 (1) Paragraph 4(1)(a) of Schedule 3 to the Industry Act 1975 (c. 68) (presidents
of arbitration tribunals) is amended as follows.
(2) For sub-paragraph (i) substitute—
“(i) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 5-year basis; or”.
(3) In sub-paragraph (ii), for “7” substitute “5”.
13 (1) The Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) is amended as follows.
(2) In section 10(3) (Lord Justice of Appeal and puisne judge of High Court), in
paragraphs (b) and (c), for sub-paragraph (i) substitute—
“(i) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 7-year basis; or”.
(3) For Schedule 2 (eligibility for appointment to certain offices) substitute—
“SCHEDULE 2
Sections 88 to 95
LIST OF OFFICES  IN SENIOR  COURTS  FOR PURPOSES  OF PART 4
PART 1
PART 2Office Persons qualified
Official Solicitor A person who has a 10 year
general qualifica tion (within the
meaning of section 71 of theCourts and Legal Services Act1990).
Office Persons qualified
Master, Queen’s Bench
DivisionA person who satisfies the
judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 5-year basis.
Queen’s Coroner and
Attorney and Master of theCrown Office and Registrarof Criminal AppealsA person who satisfies the
judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 7-year basis.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments198
PART 3Admiralty Registrar A person who satisfies the
judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 5-year basis.
Master, Chancery Division A person who satisfies the
judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 5-year basis.
Registrar in Bankruptcy of
the High CourtA person who satisfies the
judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 5-year basis.
Taxing Master of the Senior
CourtsA person who satisfies the
judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 5-year basis.
District judge of the
principal registry of theFamily Division1. A person who satisfies the
judicial-appointmenteligibility condition on a5-year basis.
2. A district probate registrar
who either—
(a) is of at least 5
years’ standing, or
(b) has, during so
much of the 5 yearsimmediately precedinghis appointment as hehas not been a districtprobate registrar, servedas a civil servant in theprincipal registry or adistrict probate registry.
3. A civil servant who has
served at least 7 years inthe principal registry ora district probateregistry.
Office Persons qualified
District probate registrar 1. A person who satisfies the
judicial-appointmenteligibility condition on a5-year basis.
2. A civil servant who has
served at least 5 years inthe principal registry ofthe Family Division or adistrict probate registry.”Office Persons qualifiedTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments199
(4) Part 2 of the Schedule substituted by sub-paragraph (3) of this paragraph
shall have effect until the coming into force of section 45(6) of the MentalCapacity Act 2005 (c. 9) as if it also contained the following entry—
(5) At any time before the coming into force of section 59(1) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (renaming of Supreme Court), thereferences to the Senior Courts in the Schedule substituted by sub-paragraph (3) of this paragraph are to be read as references to the SupremeCourt.
14 In section 130(2) of the Representation of the People Act 1983 (c. 2) (election
court), for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) unless he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 7-year basis; or”.
15 In section 9 of the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) (district judges and deputy
district judges), for the words from “he has” to the end substitute “hesatisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis.”
16 (1) Paragraph 5 of Schedule 2 to the Reserve Forces (Safeguard of Employment)
Act 1985 (c. 17) (umpires and deputy umpires) is amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition
on a 7-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “10” substitute “7”.
17 (1) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 4 to the Transport Act 1985 (c. 67) is amended as
follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (2) (presi dent of Transport Tribunal)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 7-year basis; or”, and
(b) in paragraph (b), for “10” substitute “7”.
(3) In sub-paragraph (2A) (chairmen)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 5-year basis; or”, and
(b) in paragraph (b), for “7” substitute “5”.
18 (1) Section 12(5) of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (c. 14) (person
appointed to receive representations) is amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “7” substitute “5”.“Master of the Court of
ProtectionA person who satisfies the
judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 5-year basis.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments200
19 (1) Paragraph 1(1)(a) of Schedule 7 to the Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45) (members
of Insolvency Practitioners Tribunal) is amended as follows.
(2) For sub-paragraph (i) substitute—
“(i) satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis;”.
(3) In sub-paragraph (ii), for “7” substitute “5”.
20 (1) Section 145(3) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c. 48)
(chairman and deputy chairman of Copyright tribunal) is amended asfollows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a
5-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “7” substitute “5”.
21 In section 41 of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41) (Conveyancing
Appeal Tribunals), for subsection (7) substitute—
“(7) A person is eligible for appointment as Chairman of a Tribunal only
if he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis.”
22 (1) The Child Support Act 1991 (c. 48) is amended as follows.
(2) In section 22(2) (Child Support Commissioners)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition
on a 7-year basis; or”, and
(b) in paragraph (b), for “10” substitute “7”.
(3) In section 23(2) (Child Support Commissioners for Northern Ireland), for
“10” substitute “7”.
(4) In paragraph 4(2)(a) of Schedule 4 (Deputy Child Support
Commissioners)—
(a) for “have a 10 year general qualification” substitute “satisfy the
judicial-appointment eligibility conditi on on a 7-year basis”, and
(b) for “10” in the second place where it occurs substitute “7”.
(5) In paragraph 8(d)(i) of Schedule 4 (Deputy Child Support Commissioners
for Northern Ireland), in the substituted paragraph 4(2)(a), for “10”substitute “7”.
23 In Schedule 1B to the Charities Act 1993 (c. 10) (which is inserted by
Schedule 3 to the Charities Act 2006 (c. 50)), in paragraph 1(3) (President orlegal member of Charity Tribunal), for the words from “he has” to the endsubstitute “he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis.”
24 (1) Schedule 12 to the Value Added Tax Act 1994 (c. 23) is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph 2(2) (President of VAT and duties tribunals)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 7-year basis;”, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments201
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for “10” substitute “7”.
(3) In paragraph 7(4) (panel of chairmen)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 5-year basis; or”, and
(b) in paragraph (b) and in the words after that paragraph, for “7”
substitute “5”.
25 (1) Section 77(2) of the Trade Marks Act 1994 (c. 26) (persons appointed to
decide appeals from registrar) is amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a
5-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “7” substitute “5”.
26 (1) Sections 96(7) and 264(6) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (c. 21)
(arbitrators) are amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a
7-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “10” substitute “7”.
27 In paragraph 1(1)(a) of Schedule 6 to the Police Act 1996 (c. 16) (legally
qualified member of Police Appeals Tribunals), for the words from “have aseven” to “1990” substitute “satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 5-year basis”.
28 In section 334(1) of the Education Act 1996 (c. 56) (President and members of
chairmen’s panel of Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal), forthe words from “has” to the end substitute “satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis.”
29 (1) The Social Security Act 1998 (c. 14) is amended as follows.
(2) In section 5(2) (President of appeal tribunals)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 7-year basis; or”, and
(b) in paragraph (b), for “10” substitute “7”.
(3) In section 7(2) (constitution of appeal tribunals), for paragraph (a)
substitute—
“(a) be a solicitor of the Senior Courts of England and Wales, a
barrister in England and Wales or have a qualification that isspecified under subsection (6A); or”.
(4) In section 7, after subsection (6) insert—
“(6A) The Lord Chancellor may by or der specify a qualification for the
purposes of subsection (2)(a) above.
(6B) Subsections (2) to (4), (9) and (10) of section 51 of the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (contents of ordersunder subsection (1) of that section, and cessation of effect of suchTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments202
orders) shall apply for the purposes of subsection (6A) above as they
apply for the purposes of subsection (1) of that section, but as if theref erence i n s ub sect ion (3 ) of  that s ecti on to sec tion 50  of t hat  Actwere a reference to this section.
(6C) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a) above, a person shall be taken
first to become a barrister—
(a) when the person completes pupillage in connection with
becoming a barrister, or
(b) in the case of a person not required to undertake pupillage in
connection with becoming a barrister, when the person iscalled to the Bar of England and Wales.
(6D) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a) above, a person shall be taken
not to be a solicitor or a barrister, or not to have a qualificationspecified under subsection (6A) above, if as a result of disciplinaryproceedings he is prevented from practising as a solicitor or (as thecase may be) as a barrister or as a holder of the specifiedqualification.”
(5) In section 80 (parliamentary control of regulations), after subsection (3)
insert—
“(4) No order shall be made by the Lord Chancellor under section 7(6A)
above unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing the orderhas been laid before Parliament and been approved by a resolutionof each House of Parliament.”
(6) In paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 4 (Social Security Commissioners), for the
words from “have” to “standing” substitute “satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 7-year basis or advocates or solicitorsin Scotland of at least 7 years’ standing”.
(7) In paragraph 1(2) of that Schedule (deputy Commissioners)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 7-year basis; or”, and
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for “10” substitute “7”.
(8) At any time before the coming into force of section 59(1) of the
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (renaming of Supreme Court), thereference to the Senior Courts in the section 7(2)(a) substituted by sub-paragraph (3) is to be read as a reference to the Supreme Court.
30 (1) Section 6(5) of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29) (chairman and deputy
chairmen of Information Tribunal) is amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) persons who satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis,”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “7” substitute “5”.
31 In paragraph 2(2) of the Schedule to th e Protection of Children Act 1999
(c. 14) (President and members of chairmen’s panel of Tribunal), for thewords from “has” to the end substitute “satisfies the judicial-appointmenteligibility condition on a 5-year basis.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments203
32 (1) Paragraph 11 of Schedule 7 to the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 (c. 33)
(President and other members of Immigration Services Tribunal) isamended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition
on a 5-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “7” substitute “5”.
33 (1) Paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3 to the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act
2000 (c. 23) (members of tribunal) is amended as follows.
(2) For paragraph (b) substitute—
“(b) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 7-year basis;”.
(3) In paragraphs (c) and (d), for “ten” substitute “seven”.
34 (1) Schedule 13 to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (c. 8) is amended
as follows.
(2) In paragraph 2(5) (President of Financial Services and Markets Tribunal)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 7-year basis;”, and
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c)(i) and (ii), for “ten” substitute “7”.
(3) In paragraph 3(2) (panel of chairmen)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis;”, and
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c)(i) and (ii), for “seven” substitute “5”.
35 (1) The Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9) is amended as follows.
(2) In section 107(2) (Adjudicator to Her Majesty’s Land Registry), for the words
from “have” to the end substitute “satisfy the judicial-appointmenteligibility condition on a 7-year basis.”
(3) In paragraph 4(2) of Schedule 9 (delegation by adjudicator of non-
administrative functions to staff), for the words from “has” to the endsubstitute “satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 7-year basis.”
36 (1) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the Enterprise Act 2002 (c. 40) is amended as
follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (1) (Preside nt of Competition Appeal Tribunal)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 7-year basis;”, and
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for “10” substitute “7”.
(3) In sub-paragraph (2) (chairmen)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis;”, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments204
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for “7” substitute “5”.
37 (1) Paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 4 to the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum
Act 2002 (c. 41) (members of Asylum and Immigration Tribunal) is amendedas follows.
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a
5-year basis,”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “seven” substitute “5”.
38 (1) The Courts Act 2003 (c. 39) is amended as follows.
(2) In section 22(1) (District Judges (Magistrates’ Courts)), for “has a 7 year
general qualification” substitute “satisfies the judicial-appointmenteligibility condition on a 5-year basis”.
(3) In section 24(1) (Deputy District Judges (Magistrates’ Courts)), for “has a 7
year general qualification” substitute “satisfies the judicial-appointmenteligibility condition on a 5-year basis”.
39 In section 81(2)(a) of the Traffic Management Act 2004 (c. 18) (adjudicators),
for the words from “have” to the end substitute “satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis;”.
40 (1) Schedule 4 to the Pensions Act 2004 (c. 35) is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph 1(2) (panel of chairmen of Pensions Regulator Tribunal)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis,” and
(b) in paragraphs (b), (c) and (d), for “7” substitute “5”.
(3) In paragraph 2(5) (President or Deputy President)—
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 7-year basis,” and
(b) in paragraphs (b), (c) and (d), for “10” substitute “7”.
41 (1) Section 25 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (judges of the
Supreme Court) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1), for paragraph (b) and the word “or” immediately
preceding it substitute—
“(b) satisfied the judicial-appointmen t eligibility condition on a
15-year basis, or
(c) been a qualifying practitioner for a period of at least 15
years.”
(3) In subsection (2), omit paragraph (a).
42 In paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 3 to the Education Act 2005 (c. 18) (Chairman
of tribunal hearing appeals under section 27 of that Act), for the words from“have a” to the end substitute “satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibilitycondition on a 5-year basis.”
43 (1) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 8 to the Gambling Act 2005 (c. 19) (President and
members of Gambling Appeals Tribunal) is amended as follows.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 1 — Amendments205
(2) For paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition
on a 5-year basis,”.
(3) In paragraphs (b) and (c), for “seven” substitute “5”.
44 (1) Schedule 13 to the National Health Service Act 2006 (c. 41) is amended as
follows.
(2) For paragraph 3 (President and Deputy President of Family Health Services
Appeal Authority) substitute—
“3 (1) A person is eligible to be appointed as the President only if he
satisfies the judicial-appointment el igibility condition on a 7-year
basis.
(2) A person is eligible to be appointed as a Deputy President only if
he satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis.”
(3) In paragraph 6(2)(a) (other members), for “with a 7 year general qualification
(construed as in paragraph 3)” substitute “who satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis”.
(4) In paragraph 9 (composition of panels), for the words from “must” to the
end substitute “must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility conditionon a 5-year basis.”
P
ART 2
AMENDMENTS  RELATING  TO ENACTMENTS  ALREADY  REPEALED
45 (1) This Part of this Schedule contains amendments of enactments that have
already been repealed by provisions of other Acts.
(2) In each case—
(a) the repealing provision is specified in relation to the enactment being
amended, and
(b) the amendment has effect only until the repealing provision is fully
commenced in relation to the enactment amended.
46 (1) In section 6 of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 (c. 59) (Lords of Appeal in
Ordinary)—
(a) for the words from “for not less than fifteen” to the end of paragraph
(a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 15-year basis;”, and
(b) at the beginning of each of paragraphs (b) and (c) insert “for not less
than fifteen years,”.
(2) In relation to the enactment referred to in sub-paragraph (1), the repealing
provision is paragraph 9 of Schedule 17 to the Constitutional Reform Act
2005 (c. 4).
47 (1) In section 28(2) of the Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1951 (c. 46) (Judge
Advocate of Her Majesty’s Fleet)—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 10 — Amendments relating to judicial appointments
Part 2 — Amendments relating to enactments already repealed206
(a) for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment
eligibility condition on a 7-year basis;”, and
(b) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for “10” (in each place where it occurs)
substitute “7”.
(2) In section 84B(2) of each of the Army Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 18) and the Air
Force Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 19) (judge advocates), for paragraph (a)substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis;”.
(3) In section 103B(5) of each of those Acts (qualified officers in field general
courts-martial), for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who is a barrister or solicitor in England and
Wales;”.
(4) In section 53B(2) of the Naval Discipline Act 1957 (c. 53) (judge advocates),
for paragraph (a) substitute—
“(a) a person who satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility
condition on a 5-year basis;”.
(5) In relation to the enactments referred to in sub-paragraphs (1) to (4), the
repealing provision is Schedule 17 to the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52).
48 (1) In section 29(2)(a) of the Betting, Gaming and Lotteries Act 1963 (c. 2)
(chairman of Levy Appeal Tribunal)—
(a) for sub-paragr aph (i) substitute—
“(i) a person who satisfies the judicial-
appointment eligibility condition on a 5-yearbasis; or”, and
(b) in sub-paragraph (ii), for “7” substitute “5”.
(2) In relation to the enactment referred to in sub-paragraph (1), the repealing
provision is section 356(3)(f) of the Gambling Act 2005 (c. 19).
49 (1) In section 17(1)(a) of the Commons Registration Act 1965 (c. 64) (Commons
Commissioners), for the words from “persons” to “1990,” substitute“persons who satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis”.
(2) In relation to the enactment referred to in sub-paragraph (1), the repealing
provision is Part 1 of Schedule 6 to the Commons Act 2006 (c. 26).
50 (1) In section 73(4) of the Road Traffic Act 1991 (c. 40) (parking adjudicator), for
the words from “have” to the end substitute “satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis.”
(2) In relation to the enactment referred to in sub-paragraph (1), the repealing
provision is Part 1 of Schedule 12 to the Traffic Management Act 2004 (c. 18).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 11 — District judges and deputy district judges207
SCHEDULE 11 Section 56
DISTRICT  JUDGES  AND  DEPUTY  DISTRICT  JUDGES
Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54)
1 The Supreme Court Act 1981 is amended as set out in paragraphs 2 and 3.
2 In section 100 (district judges), after subsection (4) insert—
“(5) The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as
defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) toexercise his functions under subsection (1).”
3 (1) Section 102 (deputy district judges) is amended as follows.
(2) For subsections (1) and (2) (appoin tment of deputy district judges to district
registries) substitute—
“(1) If it appears to the Lord Chancellor that it is expedient to do so in
order to facilitate the disposal of business in the High Court, he mayappoint a person to be a deputy district judge.
(1A) A person is qualified for appointment under subsection (1) only if the
person—
(a) is qualified for appointment as a district judge, or
(b) holds, or has held, the office of district judge.
(1B) The Lord Chancellor may not appoint a person under subsection (1)
without the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice if the person—
(a) holds the office of district judge, or
(b) ceased to hold the office of district judge within two years
ending with the date when the appointment takes effect.
(1C) Section 85 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (selection of
certain office holders) does not apply to an appointment to whichsubsection (1B) applies.”
(3) In subsection (3) (former district judge may be appointed as deputy even
though too old to be appointed as a district judge, but no appointment byvirtue of the subsection may extend beyond age 75), for the words from thebeginning to “by virtue of this subsection” substitute “No appointment towhich subsection (1B) applies”.
(4) For subsection (4) (powers of deputy district judges) substitute—
“(4A) The Lord Chief Justice, after consulting the Lord Chancellor—
(a) may assign a deputy district judge appointed under this
section to one or more district registries;
(b) may change an assignment so as to assign the deputy district
judge to a different district registry or registries (or to nodistrict registry).
(4B) A deputy district judge appointed under this section and assigned to
a district registry has, while acting under his assignment, the samejurisdiction as a district judge assigned to that registry.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 11 — District judges and deputy district judges208
(4C) Every deputy district judge appointed under this section is, by virtue
of his office, capable of acting as a district judge in any districtregistry to which he is not assigned, but may act in a district registryto which he is not assigned only in accordan ce with arrangements
made by or on behalf of the Lord Chief Justice.”
(5) After subsection (5) insert—
“(5A) The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as
defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) toexercise his functions under subsection (1B) or (4A).”
4 (1) This paragraph applies to a person holding office as a deputy district judge
under section 102 of the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) by virtue of anappointment made before the commencement of paragraph 3 (“thecommencement date”).
(2) If the person had held the office of district judge before his appointment, the
person is to be treated after the commencement date as if section 102(1B) ofthat Act had applied to his appointment (and had been complied with).
(3) The person is to be treated after the commencement date as assigned under
section 102(4A) of that Act to the district registry for which he wasappointed.
County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28)
5 The County Courts Act 1984 is amended as set out in paragraphs 6 to 9.
6 In section 6 (district judges), after subsection (6) insert—
“(7) The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as
defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) toexercise his functions under subsection (2).”
7 (1) Section 8 (deputy district judges) is amended as follows.
(2) For subsection (1) (appointment and powers of deputy district judges)
substitute—
“(1) If it appears to the Lord Chancellor that it is expedient to do so in
order to facilitate the disposal of business in the county courts, hemay appoint a person to be a deputy district judge.
(1ZA) A person is qualified for appointment under subsection (1) only if the
person—
(a) is qualified for appointment as a district judge, or
(b) holds, or has held, the office of district judge.
(1ZB) The Lord Chancellor may not appoint a person under subsection (1)
without the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice if the person—
(a) holds the office of district judge, or
(b) ceased to hold the office of district judge within two years
ending with the date when the appointment takes effect.
(1ZC) Section 85 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (selection of
certain office holders) does not apply to an appointment to whichsubsection (1ZB) applies.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 11 — District judges and deputy district judges209
(3) In subsection (1A)(a) (duration of appointment as deputy district judge of
person who previously held office as district judge), for “if he has previouslyheld office as a district judge,” substitute “if subsection (1ZB) applies to theappointment,”.
(4) After subsection (1A) insert—
“(1B) The Lord Chief Justice, after consulting the Lord Chancellor—
(a) may assign a deputy district judge appointed under this
section to one or more districts;
(b) may change an assignment so as to assign the deputy district
judge to a different district or districts (or to no district).
(1C) A deputy district judge appointed under this section and assigned to
a district has, while acting under his assignment, the same powers asif he were a district judge assigned to the district.
(1D) Every deputy district judge appointed under this section is, by virtue
of his office, capable of acting as a district judge in any district towhich he is not assigned, but may act in a district to which he is notassigned only in accordance with arrangements made by or onbehalf of the Lord Chief Justice.”
(5) After subsection (3) insert—
“(4) The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as
defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) toexercise his functions under subsection (1ZB) or (1B).”
8 In section 9 (qualifications for appointment as a district judge, or as a deputy
district judge for a county court district)—
(a) omit “, or deputy district judge”, and
(b) in the heading, after “Qualifications” insert “for appointment as
district judge”.
9 In section 147(1) (interpretation of Act), in the definition of “officer” (which
provides that “officer”, in relation to a county court, includes a district judgeor deputy district judge of that court), for the words after “means” andbefore “and any clerk” substitute “any district judge or deputy district judgeassigned to that court”.
10 (1) This paragraph applies to a person holding office as a deputy district judge
under section 8 of the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) by virtue of anappointment made before the commencement of paragraph 7 (“thecommencement date”).
(2) If the person had held the office of district judge before his appointment, the
person is to be treated after the commencement date as if section 8(1ZB) ofthat Act had applied to his appointment (and had been complied with).
(3) If sub-paragraph (2) does not apply, the person is to be treated after the
commencement date as appointed under section 8(1) of that Act.
(4) The person is to be treated after the commencement date as assigned under
section 8(1B) of that Act to the county court district for which he wasappointed.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 11 — District judges and deputy district judges210
Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8)
11 The Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 is amended as follows.
12 In section 26(7) (certain offices for which retirement date is age 75), for
paragraph (g) (certain deputy district judges) substitute—
“(g) hold office as a deputy district judge if either section 102(1B)
of that Act (former district judge appointed as deputy in theHigh Court) or section 8(1ZB) of the County Courts Act 1984(former district judge appointed as deputy in the countycourts) applied to the appointment;”.
13 (1) Schedule 5 (“the relevant offices” for the purposes of the retirement
provisions) is amended as follows.
(2) In the entry for a deputy district judge appointed under section 102 of the
Supreme Court Act 1981, for the words after “except in a case where”substitute “subsection (1B) of that section applied to the appointment of theperson in question”.
(3) In the entry for a deputy district judge appointed under section 8 of the
County Courts Act 1984, for the words after “except in a case where”substitute “subsection (1ZB) of that section applied to the appointment of theperson in question”.
Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)
14 In section 64(2) of the Courts Act 2003 (power to alter listed judicial titles), in
the entry for a deputy district judge for a county court district, for “for acounty court district” substitute “appointed under section 8 of the CountyCourts Act 1984”.
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)
15 In Part 2 of Schedule 14 to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (certain offices
to which appointments are made by the Lord Chancellor)—
(a) in the entry for a deputy district judge in a district registry of the
High Court, omit “in a district registry of the High Court”, and
(b) in the entry for a deputy district judge for a county court district,
omit “for a county court district”.
SCHEDULE 12
Section 62(1)
TAKING  CONTROL  OF GOODS
PART 1
INTRODUCTORY
The procedure
1 (1) Using the procedure in this Schedule to recover a sum means taking control
of goods and selling them to recover that sum in accordance with thisSchedule and regulations under it.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 1 — Introductory211
(2) In this Schedule a power to use the procedure to recover a particular sum is
called an “enforcement power”.
(3) The following apply in rela tion to an enforcement power.
(4) “Debt” means the sum recoverable.
(5) “Debtor” means the person liable to pay the debt or, if two or more persons
are jointly or jointly and severally liable, any one or more of them.
(6) “Creditor” means the person for whom the debt is recoverable.
Enforcement agents
2 (1) In this Schedule “enforcement agent” means an individual authorised by
section 63(2) to act as an enforcement agent.
(2) Only an enforcement agent may take control of goods and sell them under
an enforcement power.
(3) An enforcement agent, if he is not the person on whom an enforcement
power is conferred, may act under the power only if authorised by thatperson.
(4) In relation to goods taken control of by an enforcement agent under an
enforcement power, references to the enforcement agent are references toany person for the time being acting as an enforcement agent under thepower.
General interpretation
3 (1) In this Schedule—
“amount outstanding” is defined in paragraph 50(3);
“control” (except in paragraph 5(4)(a)) means control under an
enforcement power;
“controlled goods” means goods taken control of that—
(a) have not been sold or abandoned,
(b) if they have been removed, have not been returned to the
debtor (unless subject to a controlled goods agreement), and
(c) if they are goods of another person, have not been returned
to that person;
“controlled goods agreement” has the meaning given by paragraph
13(4);
“co-owner” in relation to goods of the debtor means a person other than
the debtor who has an interest in the goods, but only if theenforcement agent—
(a) knows that the person has an interest in the particular goods,
or
(b) would know, if he made reasonable enquiries;
“the court”, unless otherwise stated, and subject to rules of court,
means—
(a) the High Court, in relation to an enforcement power under a
writ of the High Court;
(b) a county court, in relation to an enforcement power under a
warrant issued by a county court;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 1 — Introductory212
(c) in any other case, a magistrates’ court;
“disposal” and related expressions, in relation to securities, are to be
read in accordance with paragraph 48(2);
“exempt goods” means goods that regulations exempt by description
or circumstances or both;
“goods” means property of any description, other than land;
“interest” means a beneficial interest;“money” means money in sterling or another currency;
“premises” means any place, and in particular includes—
(a) a vehicle, vessel, aircraft or hovercraft;
(b) a tent or movable structure;
“securities” includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bonds,
specialties and securities for money.
(2) In this Schedule—
(a) references to goods of the debtor or another person are references to
goods in which the debtor or that person has an interest, but
(b) references to goods of the debtor do not include references to trust
property in which either the debtor or a co-owner has an interest notvested in possession.
P
ART 2
THE PROCEDURE
Binding property in the debtor’s goods
4 (1) For the purposes of any enforcement power, the property in all goods of the
debtor, except goods that are exempt goods for the purposes of this Scheduleor are protected under any other enactment, becomes bound in accordancewith this paragraph.
(2) Where the power is conferred by a writ issued from the High Court the writ
binds the property in the goods from the time when it is received by theperson who is under a duty to endorse it.
(3) Where the power is conferred by a warrant to which section 99 of the County
Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) or section 125ZA of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980(c. 43) applies, the warrant binds the property in the goods from the timewhen it is received by the person who is under a duty to endorse it underthat section.
(4) Where sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) do not apply but notice is given to the
debtor under paragraph 7(1), the notice binds the property in the goods fromthe time when the notice is given.
Effect of property in goods being bound
5 (1) An assignment or transfer of any interest of the debtor’s in goods while the
property in them is bound for the purposes of an enforcement power—
(a) is subject to that power, and
(b) does not affect the operation of this Schedule in relation to the goods,
except as provided by paragraph 61 (application to assignee ortransferee).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure213
(2) Sub-paragraph (1) does not prejudice the title to any of the debtor’s goods
that a person acquires—
(a) in good faith,
(b) for valuable consideration, and
(c) without notice.
(3) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(a), a thing is to be treated as done in
good faith if it is in fact done honestly (whether it is done negligently or not).
(4) In sub-paragraph (2)(c) “notice” means—
(a) where the property in the goods is bound by a writ or warrant, notice
that the writ or warrant, or any other writ or warrant by virtue ofwhich the goods of the debtor might be seized or otherwise takencontrol of, had been received by the person who was under a duty toendorse it and that goods remained bound under it;
(b) where the property in the goods is bound by notice under paragraph
7(1), notice that that notice had been given and that goods remained
bound under it.
(5) In sub-paragraph (4)(a) “endorse” in rel ation to a warrant to which section
99 of the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) or section 125ZA of the Magistrates’Courts Act 1980 (c. 43) applies, means endorse under that section.
Time when property ceases to be bound
6 (1) For the purposes of any enforcement power the property in goods of the
debtor ceases to be bound in accordance with this paragraph.
(2) The property in any goods ceases to be bound—
(a) when the goods are sold;
(b) in the case of money used to pay any of the amount outstanding,
when it is used.
(3) The property in all goods ceases to be bound when any of these happens—
(a) the amount outstanding is paid, out of the proceeds of sale or
otherwise;
(b) the instrument under which the power is exercisable ceases to have
effect;
(c) the power ceases to be exercisable for any other reason.
Notice of enforcement
7 (1) An enforcement agent may not take control of goods unless the debtor has
been given notice.
(2) Regulations must state—
(a) the minimum period of notice;
(b) the form of the notice;
(c) what it must contain;
(d) how it must be given;
(e) who must give it.
(3) The enforcement agent must keep a record of the time when the notice is
given.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure214
(4) If regulations authorise it, the court may order in prescribed circumstances
that the notice given may be less than the minimum period.
(5) The order may be subject to conditions.
Time limit for taking control
8 (1) An enforcement agent may not take control of goods after the prescribed
period.
(2) The period may be prescribed by reference to the date of notice of
enforcement or of any writ or warrant conferring the enforcement power orany other date.
(3) Regulations may provide for the period to be extended or further extended
by the court in accordance with the regulations.
Goods which may be taken
9 An enforcement agent may take control of goods only if they are—
(a) on premises that he has power to enter under this Schedule, or
(b) on a highway.
10 An enforcement agent may take control of goods only if they are goods of
the debtor.
11 (1) Subject to paragraphs 9 and 10 and to any other enactment under which
goods are protected, an enforcement agent—
(a) may take control of goods anywh ere in England and Wales;
(b) may take control of any goods that are not exempt.
(2) Regulations may authorise him to take control of exempt goods in
prescribed circumstances, if he provides the debtor with replacements inaccordance with the regulations.
Value of goods taken
12 (1) Unless sub-paragraph (2) applies, an enforcement agent may not take
control of goods whose aggregate value is more than—
(a) the amount outstanding, and
(b) an amount in respect of future costs, calculated in accordance with
regulations.
(2) An enforcement agent may take control of goods of higher value on
premises or on a highway, only to the extent necessary, if there are notenough goods of a lower value within a reasonable distance—
(a) on a highway, or
(b) on premises that he has power to enter under this Schedule, either
under paragraph 14 or under an existing warrant.
(3) For the purposes of this paragraph goods are above a given value only if it
is or ought to be clear to the enforcement agent that they are.
(4) Sub-paragraph (1) does not affect the power to keep control of goods if they
rise in value once they have been taken.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure215
Ways of taking control
13 (1) To take control of goods an enforcement agent must do one of the
following—
(a) secure the goods on the premises on which he finds them;
(b) if he finds them on a highway, secure them on a highway, where he
finds them or within a reasonable distance;
(c) remove them and secure them elsewhere;
(d) enter into a controlled goods agreement with the debtor.
(2) Any liability of an enforcement a gent (including crimin al liability) arising
out of his securing goods on a highway under this paragraph is excluded tothe extent that he acted with reasonable care.
(3) Regulations may make further provision about taking control in any of the
ways listed in sub-paragraph (1), including provision—
(a) determining the time when control is taken;
(b) prohibiting use of any of those ways for goods by description or
circumstances or both.
(4) A controlled goods agreement is an agreement under which the debtor—
(a) is permitted to retain custody of the goods,
(b) acknowledges that the enforcement agent is taking control of them,
and
(c) agrees not to remove or dispose of them, nor to permit anyone else
to, before the debt is paid.
Entry without warrant
14 (1) An enforcement agent may enter relevant premises to search for and take
control of goods.
(2) Where there are different relevant premises this paragraph authorises entry
to each of them.
(3) This paragraph authorises repeated entry to the same premises, subject to
any restriction in regulations.
(4) If the enforcement agent is acting under section 72(1) (CRAR), the only
relevant premises are the demised premises.
(5) If he is acting under section 121A of the Social Security Administration Act
1992 (c. 5), premises are relevant if they are the place, or one of the places,where the debtor carries on a trade or business.
(6) Otherwise premises are relevant if the enforcement agent reasonably
believes that they are the place, or one of the places, where the debtor—
(a) usually lives, or
(b) carries on a trade or business.
Entry under warrant
15 (1) If an enforcement agent applies to the court it may issue a warrant
authorising him to enter specified premises to search for and take control ofgoods.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure216
(2) Before issuing the warrant the court must be satisfied that all these
conditions are met—
(a) an enforcement power has become exercisable;
(b) there is reason to believe that there are goods on the premises that the
enforcement power will be exercisable to take control of if thewarrant is issued;
(c) it is reasonable in all the circumstances to issue the warrant.
(3) The warrant authorises repeated entry to the same premises, subject to any
restriction in regulations.
Re-entry
16 (1) This paragraph applies where goods on any premises have been taken
control of and have not been removed by the enforcement agent.
(2) The enforcement agent may enter the premises to inspect the goods or to
remove them for storage or sale.
(3) This paragraph authorises repeated entry to the same premises.
General powers to use reasonable force
17 Where paragraph 18 or 19 applies, an enforcement agent may if necessary
use reasonable force to enter premises or to do anything for which the entryis authorised.
18 This paragraph applies if these conditions are met—
(a) the enforcement agent has power to enter the premises under
paragraph 14 or 16 or under a warrant under paragraph 15;
(b) he is acting under an enforcement power conferred by a warrant of
control under section 76(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)for the recovery of a sum adjudged to be paid by a conviction;
(c) he is entitled to execute the warrant by virtue of section 125A
(civilian enforcement officers) or 125B (approved enforcementagencies) of that Act.
19 (1) This paragraph applies if these conditions are met—
(a) the enforcement agent has power to enter the premises under
paragraph 16;
(b) he reasonably believes that the debtor carries on a trade or business
on the premises;
(c) he is acting under an enforcement power within sub-paragraph (2).
(2) The enforcement powers are those under any of the following—
(a) a writ or warrant of control issued for the purpose of recovering a
sum payable under a High Court or county court judgment;
(b) section 61(1) of the Taxes Management Act 1970 (c. 9);
(c) section 121A(1) of the Social Security Administration Act 1992 (c. 5);
(d) section 51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997 (c. 16);
(e) paragraph 1A of Schedule 12 to the Finance Act 2003 (c. 14).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure217
Application for power to use reasonable force
20 (1) This paragraph applies if an enforcement agent has power to enter premises
under paragraph 14 or 16 or under a warrant under paragraph 15.
(2) If the enforcement agent applies to the court it may issue a warrant which
authorises him to use, if necessary, reasonable force to enter the premises orto do anything for which entry is authorised.
21 (1) This paragraph applies if an enforcement agent is applying for power to
enter premises under a warrant under paragraph 15.
(2) If the enforcement agent applies to the court it may include in the warrant
provision authorising him to use, if necessary, reasonable force to enter thepremises or to do anything for which entry is authorised.
22 (1) The court may not issue a warr ant under paragraph 20 or include provision
under paragraph 21 unless it is satisf ied that prescribed conditions are met.
(2) A warrant under paragraph 20 or provision included under paragraph 21
may require any constable to assist the enforcement agent to execute thewarrant.
Other provisions about powers of entry
23 Paragraphs 24 to 30 apply where an enforcement agent has power to enter
premises under paragraph 14 or 16 or under a warrant under paragraph 15.
24 (1) The power to enter and any power to use force are subject to any restriction
imposed by or under regulations.
(2) A power to use force does not include power to use force against persons,
except to the extent that regulations provide that it does.
25 (1) The enforcement agent may enter and remain on the premises only within
prescribed times of day.
(2) Regulations may give the court power in prescribed circumstances to
authorise him to enter or remain on the premises at other times.
(3) The authorisation—
(a) may be by order or in a warrant under paragraph 15;
(b) may be subject to conditions.
26 (1) The enforcement agent must on request show the debtor and any person
who appears to him to be in charge of the premises evidence of—
(a) his identity, and
(b) his authority to enter the premises.
(2) The request may be made before the enforcement agent enters the premises
or while he is there.
27 (1) The enforcement agent may take other people onto the premises.
(2) They may assist him in exercising any power, including a power to use force.
(3) They must not remain on the premises without the enforcement agent.(4) The enforcement agent may take any equipment onto the premises.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure218
(5) He may leave equipment on the premises if he leaves controlled goods there.
28 (1) After entering the premises the enforcement agent must provide a notice for
the debtor giving information about what the enforcement agent is doing.
(2) Regulations must state—
(a) the form of the notice;
(b) what information it must give.
(3) Regulations may prescribe circumstances in which a notice need not be
provided after re-entry to premises.
(4) If the debtor is on the premises when the enforcement agent is there, the
enforcement agent must give him the notice then.
(5) If the debtor is not there, the enforcement agent must leave the notice in a
conspicuous place on the premises.
(6) If the enforcement agent knows that there is someone else there or that there
are other occupiers, a notice he leaves u nder sub-paragraph (5) must be in a
sealed envelope addressed to the debtor.
29 If the premises are occupied by any person apart from the debtor, the
enforcement agent must leave at the premises a list of any goods he takesaway.
30 The enforcement agent must leave the premises as effectively secured as he
finds them.
Goods on a highway
31 (1) If the enforcement agent applies to the court it may issue a warrant which
authorises him to use, if necessary, reasonable force to take control of goodson a highway.
(2) The court may not issue a warrant unless it is satisfied that prescribed
conditions are met.
(3) The warrant may require any constable to assist the enforcement agent to
execute it.
(4) The power to use force is subject to any restriction imposed by or under
regulations.
(5) The power to use force does not include power to use force against persons,
except to the extent that regulations provide that it does.
32 (1) The enforcement agent may not exercise any power under this Schedule on
a highway except within prescribed times of day.
(2) Regulations may give the court power in prescribed circumstances to
authorise him to exercise a power at other times.
(3) The authorisation may be subject to conditions.
33 (1) If the enforcement agent takes control of goods on a highway or enters a
vehicle on a highway with the intenti on of taking control of goods, he must
provide a notice for the debtor giving information about what he is doing.
(2) Regulations must state—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure219
(a) the form of the notice;
(b) what information it must give.
(3) If the debtor is present when the enforcement agent is there, the enforcement
agent must give him the notice then.
(4) Otherwise the enforcement agent must deliver the notice to any relevant
premises (as defined by paragraph 14) in a sealed envelope addressed to thedebtor.
Inventory
34 (1) If an enforcement agent takes control of goods he must provide the debtor
with an inventory of them as soon as reasonably practicable.
(2) But if there are co-owners of any of the goods, the enforcement agent must
instead provide the debtor as soon as reasonably practicable with separateinventories of goods owned by the debtor and each co-owner and aninventory of the goods without a co-owner.
(3) The enforcement agent must as soon as reasonably practicable provide the
co-owner of any of the goods with—
(a) the inventory of those goods, and
(b) a copy of the notice under paragraph 28.
(4) Regulations must state—
(a) the form of an inventory, and
(b) what it must contain.
Care of goods removed
35 (1) An enforcement agent must take reasonable care of controlled goods that he
removes from the premises or highway where he finds them. 
(2) He must comply with any provision of regulations about their care while
they remain controlled goods.
Valuation
36 (1) Before the end of the minimum period, the enforcement agent must—
(a) make or obtain a valuation of the controlled goods in accordance
with regulations;
(b) give the debtor, and separately any co-owner, an opportunity to
obtain an independent valuation of the goods.
(2) In this paragraph “minimum period” means the period specified by
regulations under—
(a) paragraph 49, in the case of securities;
(b) paragraph 39, in any other case.
Best price
37 (1) An enforcement agent must sell or dispose of controlled goods for the best
price that can reasonably be obtained in accordance with this Schedule.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure220
(2) That does not apply to money that can be used for paying any of the
outstanding amount, unless the best price is more than its value if used inthat way.
Sale
38 Paragraphs 39 to 42 apply to the sale of controlled goods, except where—
(a) the controlled goods are securities, or
(b) the sale is by exchange of one currency for another.
39 (1) The sale must not be before the end of the minimum period except with the
agreement of the debtor and any co-owner.
(2) Regulations must specify the minimum period.
40 (1) Before the sale, the enforcement agent must give notice of the date, time and
place of the sale to the debtor and any co-owner.
(2) Regulations must state—
(a) the minimum period of notice;
(b) the form of the notice;
(c) what it must contain (besides the date, time and place of sale);
(d) how it must be given.
(3) The enforcement agent may replace a notice with a new notice, subject to any
restriction in regulations.
(4) Any notice must be given within the permitted period.
(5) Unless extended the permitted period is 12 months beginning with the day
on which the enforcement agent takes control of the goods.
(6) Any extension must be by agreement in writing between the creditor and
debtor before the end of the period.
(7) They may extend the period more than once.
41 (1) The sale must be by public auction unless the court orders otherwise.
(2) The court may make an order only on an application by the enforcement
agent.
(3) Regulations may make provision about the types of sale the court may order.
(4) In an application for an order under sub-paragraph (2) the enforcement
agent must state whether he has reason to believe that an enforcementpower has become exercisable by another creditor against the debtor or a co-owner.
(5) If the enforcement agent states that he does, the court may not consider the
application until notice of it has been  given to the other creditor in
accordance with regulations (or until the court is satisfied that anenforcement power is not exercisable by the other creditor against the debtoror a co-owner).
42 Regulations may make further provision about the sale of controlled goods,
including in particular—
(a) requirements for advertising;
(b) provision about the conduct of a sale.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure221
Place of sale
43 (1) Regulations may make provision about the place of sale of controlled goods.
(2) They may prescribe circumstances in which the sale may be held on
premises where goods were found by the enforcement agent.
(3) Except where the regulations provide otherwise, the sale may not be held on
those premises without the consent of the occupier.
(4) Paragraphs 44 to 46 apply if the sale may be held on those premises.
44 (1) The enforcement agent and any person permitted by him—
(a) may enter the premises to conduct or attend the sale;
(b) may bring equipment onto the premises for the purposes of the sale.
(2) This paragraph authorises repeated entry to the premises.(3) If necessary the enforcement agent may use reasonable force to enable the
sale to be conducted and any person to enter under this paragraph.
45 (1) The enforcement agent must on request show the debtor and any person
who appears to him to be in charge of the premises evidence of—
(a) his identity, and
(b) his authority to enter and hold the sale on the premises.
(2) The request may be made before the enforcement agent enters the premises
or while he is there.
46 The enforcement agent must leave the premises as effectively secured as he
finds them.
Holding and disposal of securities
47 Paragraphs 48 and 49 apply to securities as controlled goods.
48 (1) Regulations may make provision about how securities are to be held and
disposed of.
(2) In this Schedule, references to disposal include, in relation to securities,
realising the sums secured or made payable by them, suing for the recoveryof those sums or assigning the right to sue for their recovery.
(3) Regulations may in particular make provision for purposes corresponding
to those for which provision is made in this Schedule in relation to the
disposal of other controlled goods.
(4) The power to make regulations under this paragraph is subject to paragraph
49.
49 (1) The creditor may sue in the name of the debtor, or in the name of any person
in whose name the debtor might have sued, for the recovery of any sumsecured or made payable by securities, when the time of payment arrives.
(2) Before any proceedings under sub-paragraph (1) are commenced or the
securities are otherwise disposed of, the enforcement agent must give noticeof the disposal to the debtor and any co-owner.
(3) Regulations must state—
(a) the minimum period of notice;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure222
(b) the form of the notice;
(c) what it must contain;
(d) how it must be given.
(4) The enforcement agent may replace a notice with a new notice, subject to any
restriction in regulations.
(5) Any notice must be given within the permitted period.(6) Unless extended the permitted period is 12 months beginning with the time
of payment.
(7) Any extension must be by agreement in writing between the creditor and
debtor before the end of the period.
(8) They may extend the period more than once.
Application of proceeds
50 (1) Proceeds from the exercise of an enforcement power must be used to pay the
amount outstanding.
(2) Proceeds are any of these—
(a) proceeds of sale or disposal of controlled goods;
(b) money taken in exercise of the power, if paragraph 37(1) does not
apply to it.
(3) The amount outstanding is the sum of these—
(a) the amount of the debt which remains unpaid (or an amount that the
creditor agrees to accept in full satisfaction of the debt);
(b) any amounts recoverable out of proceeds in accordance with
regulations under paragraph 62 (costs).
(4) If the proceeds are less than the amount outstanding, which amounts in sub-
paragraph (3)(a) and (b) must be paid, and how much of any amount, is tobe determined in accordance with regulations.
(5) If the proceeds are more than the amount outstanding, the surplus must be
paid to the debtor.
(6) If there is a co-owner of any of the goods, the enforcement agent must—
(a) first pay the co-owner a share of the proceeds of those goods
proportionate to his interest;
(b) then deal with the rest of the proceeds under sub-paragraphs (1) to
(5).
(7) Regulations may make provision for resolving disputes about what share is
due under sub-paragraph (6)(a).
Passing of title
51 (1) A purchaser of controlled goods acquires good title, with two exceptions.
(2) The exceptions apply only if the goods are not the debtor’s at the time of sale.
(3) The first exception is where the purchaser, the creditor, the enforcement
agent or a related party has notice that the goods are not the debtor’s.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure223
(4) The second exception is where a lawful claimant has already made an
application to the court claiming an interest in the goods.
(5) A lawful claimant in relation to goods is a person who has an interest in
them at the time of sale, other than an interest that was assigned ortransferred to him while the property in the goods was bound for thepurposes of the enforcement power.
(6) A related party is any person who acts in exercise of an enforcement power,
other than the creditor or enforcement agent.
(7) “The court” has the same meaning as in paragraph 60.
Abandonment of goods other than securities
52 Paragraphs 53 and 54 apply to controlled goods other than—
(a) securities;
(b) money to which paragraph 37(1) does not apply.
53 (1) Controlled goods are abandoned if the enforcement agent does not give the
debtor or any co-owner notice under paragraph 40 (notice of sale) within thepermitted period.
(2) Controlled goods are abandoned if they are unsold after a sale of which
notice has been given in accordance with that paragraph.
(3) Regulations may prescribe other circumstances in which controlled goods
are abandoned.
54 (1) If controlled goods are abandoned then, in relation to the enforcement
power concerned, the following apply—
(a) the enforcement power ceases to be exercisable;
(b) as soon as reasonably practicable the enforcement agent must make
the goods available for collection by the debtor, if he removed themfrom where he found them.
(2) Regulations may make further provision about arrangements under sub-
paragraph (1)(b), including in particular provision about the disposal ofgoods uncollected after a prescribed period.
(3) Where the enforcement power was under a writ or warrant, sub-paragraph
(1) does not affect any power to issue another writ or warrant.
Abandonment of securities
55 Paragraphs 56 and 57 apply to securities as controlled goods.
56 (1) Securities are abandoned if the enforcement agent does not give the debtor
or any co-owner notice under paragraph 49 (notice of disposal) within thepermitted period.
(2) Securities are abandoned if they are not disposed of in accordance with a
notice of disposal under that paragraph.
(3) Regulations may prescribe other circumstances in which securities are
abandoned.
57 (1) If securities are abandoned then, in relation to the enforcement power
concerned, the following apply—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure224
(a) the enforcement power ceases to be exercisable;
(b) as soon as reasonably practicable the enforcement agent must make
the securities available for collection by the debtor, if he removedthem from where he found them.
(2) Where the enforcement power was under a writ or warrant, sub-paragraph
(1) does not affect any power to issue another writ or warrant.
Payment of amount outstanding
58 (1) This paragraph applies where the debtor pays the amount outstanding in
full—
(a) after the enforcement agent has taken control of goods, and
(b) before they are sold or abandoned.
(2) If the enforcement agent has removed the goods he must as soon as
reasonably practicable make them available for collection by the debtor.
(3) No further step may be taken under the enforcement power concerned.
(4) For the purposes of this paragraph the amount outstanding is reduced by
the value of any controlled goods consisting of money required to be usedto pay that amount, and sub-paragraph (2) does not apply to that money.
59 (1) This paragraph applies if a further step is taken despite paragraph 58(3).
(2) The enforcement agent is not liable unless he had notice, when the step was
taken, that the amount outstanding had been paid in full.
(3) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a related party as to the enforcement agent.(4) If the step taken is sale of any of the goods the purchaser acquires good title
unless, at the time of sale, he or the enforcement agent had notice that theamount outstanding had been paid in full.
(5) A person has notice that the amount outstanding has been paid in full if he
would have found it out if he had made reasonable enquiries.
(6) Sub-paragraphs (2) to (4) do not affe ct any right of the debtor or a co-owner
to a remedy against any person other than the enforcement agent or a relatedparty.
(7) In this paragraph, “related party” has the meaning given by paragraph 65(4).
Third party claiming goods
60 (1) This paragraph applies where a person makes an application to the court
claiming that goods taken control of are his and not the debtor’s.
(2) After receiving notice of the application the enforcement agent must not sell
the goods, or dispose of them (in the case of securities), unless directed bythe court under this paragraph.
(3) The court may direct the enforcement agent to sell or dispose of the goods if
the applicant fails to make, or to continue to make, the required paymentsinto court.
(4) The required payments are—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure225
(a) payment on making the application (subject to sub-paragraph (5)) of
an amount equal to the value of the goods, or to a proportion of itdirected by the court;
(b) payment, at prescribed times (on making the application or later), of
any amounts prescribed in respect of the enforcement agent’s costsof retaining the goods.
(5) If the applicant makes a payment under sub-paragraph (4)(a) but the
enforcement agent disputes the value of the goods, any underpayment is tobe—
(a) determined by reference to an independent valuation carried out in
accordance with regulations, and
(b) paid at the prescribed time.
(6) If sub-paragraph (3) does not apply the court may still direct the
enforcement agent to sell or dispose of the goods before the court determinesthe applicant’s claim, if it considers it appropriate.
(7) If the court makes a direction under sub-paragraph (3) or (6)—
(a) paragraphs 38 to 49, and regulations under them, apply subject to
any modification directed by the court;
(b) the enforcement agent must pay the proceeds of sale or disposal into
court.
(8) In this paragraph “the court”, subject to rules of court, means—
(a) the High Court, in relation to an enforcement power under a writ of
the High Court;
(b) a county court, in relation to an enforcement power under a warrant
issued by a county court;
(c) in any other case, the High Court or a county court.
Application to assignee or transferee
61 (1) This Schedule applies as follows where an interest of the debtor’s in goods
is assigned or transferred while the property in the goods is bound for thepurposes of an enforcement power, and the enforcement agent—
(a) knows that the assignee or transferee has an interest in the particular
goods, or
(b) would know, if he made reasonable enquiries.
(2) These apply as if the assignee or transferee were a co-owner of the goods
with the debtor—
(a) paragraph 34 (inventory);
(b) paragraph 36 (valuation);
(c) paragraphs 39 to 41 (sale);
(d) paragraph 59(6) (remedies after payment of amount outstanding).
(3) If the interest of the assignee or transferee was acquired in good faith, for
valuable consideration and without notice, paragraph 50(6) applies as if “co-owner” included the assignee or transferee.
(4) If the interest of the assignee or transferee was not acquired in good faith, for
valuable consideration and without notice, the enforcement agent must pay
any surplus under paragraph 50(5) to the assignee or transferee and to the
debtor (if he retains an interest).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure226
(5) If the surplus is payable to two or more persons it must be paid in shares
proportionate to their interests.
(6) Paragraph 5(3) and (4) (“good faith” and “notice”) apply for the purposes of
this paragraph.
Costs
62 (1) Regulations may make provision for th e recovery by any person from the
debtor of amounts in respect of costs of enforcement-related services.
(2) The regulations may provide for recovery to be out of proceeds or otherwise.
(3) The amount recoverable under the regulations in any case is to be
determined by or under the regulations.
(4) The regulations may in particular provide for the amount, if disputed, to be
assessed in accordance with rules of court.
(5) “Enforcement-related services” means anything done under or in
connection with an enforcement power, or in connection with obtaining anenforcement power, or any services used for the purposes of a provision ofthis Schedule or regulations under it.
Limitation of liability for sale or payment of proceeds
63 (1) Any liability of an enforcement agent or related party to a lawful claimant
for the sale of controlled goods is excluded except in two cases.
(2) The first exception is where at the time of the sale the enforcement agent had
notice that the goods were not the debtor’s, or not his alone.
(3) The second exception is where before sale the lawful claimant had made an
application to the court claiming an interest in the goods.
(4) A lawful claimant in relation to goods is a person who has an interest in
them at the time of sale, other than an interest that was assigned ortransferred to him while the property in the goods was bound for thepurposes of the enforcement power.
64 (1) Any liability of an enforcement agent or related party to a lawful claimant
for paying over proceeds is excluded except in two cases.
(2) The first exception is where at the time of the payment he had notice that the
goods were not the debtor’s, or not his alone.
(3) The second exception is where before that time the lawful claimant had
made an application to the court claiming an interest in the goods.
(4) A lawful claimant in relation to goods is a person who has an interest in
them at the time of sale.
65 (1) Paragraphs 63 and 64—
(a) do not affect the liability of a person other than the enforcement
agent or a related party;
(b) do not apply to the creditor if he is the enforcement agent.
(2) The following apply for the purposes of those paragraphs.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure227
(3) The enforcement agent or a related party has notice of something if he would
have found it out if he had made reasonable enquiries.
(4) A related party is any person who acts in exercise of an enforcement power,
other than the creditor or enforcement agent.
(5) “The court” has the same meaning as in paragraph 60.
Remedies available to the debtor
66 (1) This paragraph applies where an enforcement agent—
(a) breaches a provision of this Schedule, or
(b) acts under an enforcement power under a writ, warrant, liability
order or other instrument that is defective.
(2) The breach or defect does not make the enforcement agent, or a person he is
acting for, a trespasser.
(3) But the debtor may bring proceedings under this paragraph.
(4) Subject to rules of court, the proceedings may be brought—
(a) in the High Court, in relation to an enforcement power under a writ
of the High Court;
(b) in a county court, in relation to an enforcement power under a
warrant issued by a county court;
(c) in any other case, in the High Court or a county court.
(5) In the proceedings the court may—
(a) order goods to be returned to the debtor;
(b) order the enforcement agent or a related party to pay damages in
respect of loss suffered by the debtor as a result of the breach or ofanything done under the defective instrument.
(6) A related party is either of the following (if different from the enforcement
agent)—
(a) the person on whom the enforcement power is conferred,
(b) the creditor.
(7) Sub-paragraph (5) is without prejudice to any other powers of the court.
(8) Sub-paragraph (5)(b) does not apply where the enforcement agent acted in
the reasonable belief—
(a) that he was not breaching a provision of this Schedule, or
(b) (as the case may be) that the instrument was not defective.
(9) This paragraph is subject to paragraph 59 in the case of a breach of
paragraph 58(3).
Remedies available to the creditor
67 If a debtor wrongfully interferes with controlled goods and the creditor
suffers loss as a result, the creditor may bring a claim against the debtor inrespect of the loss.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 12 — Taking control of goods
Part 2 — The procedure228
Offences
68 (1) A person is guilty of an offence if he intentionally obstructs a person
lawfully acting as an enforcement agent.
(2) A person is guilty of an offence if he  intentionally interf eres with controlled
goods without lawful excuse.
(3) A person guilty of an offence under this paragraph is liable on summary
conviction to—
(a) imprisonment for a term not exceeding 51 weeks, or
(b) a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale, or
(c) both.
(4) In relation to an offence committed before the commencement of section
281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), the reference in sub-paragraph(3)(a) to 51 weeks is to be read as a reference to 6 months.
Relation to insolvency provisions
69 This Schedule is subject to sections 183, 184 and 346 of the Insolvency Act
1986 (c. 45).
SCHEDULE 13
Section 62(3)
TAKING  CONTROL  OF GOODS : AMENDMENTS
Inclosure Act 1773 (c. 81)
1 The Inclosure Act 1773 is amended as follows.
2 (1) Section 4 (expenses how to be defrayed) is amended as follows.
(2) For “levied by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of” substitute
“recovered, by using the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods), from”.
(3) Omit the words from “rendering” to the end.
3 (1) Section 16 (assessments to be levied for the improving of wastes where there
are stinted commons) is amended as follows.
(2) For “levied by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of” substitute
“recovered, by using the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods), from”.
(3) Omit the words from “rendering” to the end.
Oaths Act 1775 (c. 39)
4 In the Oaths Act 1775 (justices to adminis ter oaths for levying penalties etc.)
at the end insert—
   “In this Act references to making a distress include references to
using the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods) to recover a sum.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments229
Sale of Farming Stock Act 1816 (c. 50)
5 The Sale of Farming Stock Act 1816 ceases to have effect.
Judgments Act 1838 (c. 110)
6 In the Judgments Act 1838 omit section 12 (sheriff may seize money,
banknotes, etc.).
Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 (c. 18)
7 (1) In section 91 of the Land s Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 (proceedings in
case of refusal to deliver possession of lands) for “levied by distress”substitute “recovered by using the procedure in Schedule 12 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods),”.
(2) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.
Inclosure Act 1845 (c. 118)
8 The Inclosure Act 1845 is amended as follows.
9 In section 151 (recovery of share of expenses) for “levied by distress”
substitute “recovered by using the procedure in Schedule 12 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods).”
10 In section 159 (recovery of penalties and forfeitures) for the words from “to
levy” to the end substitute “to recover such penalties and forfeitures byusing the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods).”
Railways Clauses Act 1863 (c. 92)
11 The Railways Clauses Act 1863 is amended as follows.
12 In section 33 (recovery of money by distress) at the end insert—
   “In this section as it applies in England and Wales—
(a) for “levied by distress” substitute “recovered using the
procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods)”;
(b) for “warrant of distress” substitute “warrant of control”.”
13 In section 34 (several names in one warrant) at the end insert—
   “In this section as it applies in England and Wales for “warrant of
distress” substitute “warrant of control”.”
Summary Jurisdiction (Process) Act 1881 (c. 24)
14 The Summary Jurisdiction (Process) Act 1881 is amended as follows.
15 In section 5 (provision as to execution of process) after “warrant of distress”
in the first place insert “or warrant of control”.
16 In section 8 (definitions) after “warrant of distress,” insert “any warrant of
control,”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments230
Bills of Sale Act (1878) Amendment Act 1882 (c. 43)
17 The Bills of Sale Act (1878) Amendment Act 1882 is amended as follows.
18 In section 7 (bill of sale with power  to seize except in certain events to be
void), in paragraph (2) after “distrained”  insert “, or taken control of using
the power in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act2007,”.
19 In section 14 (bill of sale not to protect chattels against poor and parochial
rates), after “warrant” insert “, or subject to a warrant of control,”.
Sheriffs Act 1887 (c. 55)
20 In section 20 of the Sheriffs Act 1887 (fees and poundage), after subsection
(2) insert—
“(2A) Subsection (2) does not apply to the execution of process under a
power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods).”
Deeds of Arrangement Act 1914 (c. 47)
21 In section 17 of the Deeds of Arrangement Act 1914 (preferential payment to
creditor an offence), after “by distress” insert “or by using the procedure inSchedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (takingcontrol of goods),”.
Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 1920 (c. 33)
22 (1) Section 6 of the Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 1920
(mode of enforcing orders) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (3), after “distress” insert “, control”.
(3) After subsection (3) insert—
“(4) For the purposes of its execution under subsection (3) in England and
Wales, a warrant of distress has effect as a warrant of control.
(5) For the purposes of its execution under subsection (3) elsewhere than
in England and Wales, a warrant of control has effect as a warrant ofdistress.”
Agricultural Credits Act 1928 (c. 43)
23 In section 8 of the Agricultural Credits Act 1928 (supplemental provisions
about agricultural charges), in subsection (7) after “distress for” insert “, orthe exercise of a power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods) to recover,”.
Reserve and Auxiliary Forces (Protection of Civil Interests) Act 1951 (c. 65)
24 In section 2 of the Reserve and Auxiliary Forces (Protection of Civil Interests)
Act 1951 (general restrictions on execution and other remedies), inTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments231
subsection (2)(a) after “the levying of distress;” insert—
“using the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts
and Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods);”.
Agriculture (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1954 (c. 39)
25 In section 5 of the Agriculture (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1954 (power
of Agricultural Land Tribunal to award costs), in subsection (3) for “byexecution issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85 of theCounty Courts Act 1984”.
Criminal Justice Act 1961 (c. 39)
26 In section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act 1961 (interpretation) after subsection
(1) insert—
“(1ZA) In the definition of “default” in subsection (1) the reference to want
of sufficient distress to satisfy a fine or other sum includes a referenceto circumstances where—
(a) there is power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 to recover thefine or other sum from a person, but
(b) it appears, after an attempt has been made to exercise the
power, that the person’s goods are insufficient to pay theamount outstanding (as defined by paragraph 50(3) of thatSchedule).”
Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 (c. 56)
27 The Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 is amended as follows.
28 (1) Section 13 (refusal to give possession to acquiring authority) is amended as
follows.
(2) In subsection (4) for “levied by distress” substitute “recovered by using the
procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007(taking control of goods)”.
(3) Omit subsection (5).
29 Omit section 29 (irregularities in proceedings under the Act).
Criminal Justice Act 1967 (c. 80)
30 In section 104 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 (general provisions as to
interpretation) after subsection (1) insert—
“(1A) In the definition of “sentence of imprisonment” in subsection (1) the
reference to want of sufficient distress to satisfy a sum includes areference to circumstances where—
(a) there is power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 to recover thesum from a person, but
(b) it appears, after an attempt has been made to exercise the
power, that the person’s goods are insufficient to pay theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments232
amount outstanding (as defined by paragraph 50(3) of that
Schedule).”
Sea Fisheries Act 1968 (c. 77)
31 In section 12 of the Sea Fisheries Act 1968 (recovery of fines imposed on
master etc. or crew), in subsection (3)—
(a) for “warrants of distress)” substitute “warrants), as they apply to
warrants of the kinds mentioned there,”;
(b) omit the words from “as they apply” to the end.
Taxes Management Act 1970 (c. 9)
32 The Taxes Management Act 1970 is amended as follows.
33 (1) Section 61 (distraint by collectors) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1), after “the collector may” insert “—
(a) in England and Wales, use the procedure in Schedule 12 to
the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (takingcontrol of goods) to recover that sum;
(b) in Northern Ireland,”.
(3) After subsection (1) insert—
“(1A) Subsections (2) to (6) apply to distraint under subsection (1)(b).”
34 In section 62 (priority of claim for tax) at the end insert—
“(4) This section does not extend to England and Wales.”
Administration of Justice Act 1970 (c. 31)
35 In section 41 of the Administration of Justice Act 1970 (recovery of costs and
compensation awarded by magistrates etc.) in subsection (3) for “writ of fierifacias” substitute “writ of control”.
Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32)
36 In section 3 of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (application for order
a n d  c o n d i t i o n s  o f  c o u r t ’ s  p o w e r  t o  m a k e  i t ) ,  i n  s u b s e c t i o n  ( 4 ) ( b ) ,  f o r“distress” substitute “taking control of goods”.
Criminal Justice Act 1972 (c. 71)
37 In section 66 of the Criminal Justice Act 1972 (interpretation etc.), in
subsection (2) omit the words from ““sentence of imprisonment”” to the end.
Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 (c. 53)
38 In section 1 of the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 (rehabilitated
persons and spent convictions) after subsection (3) insert—
“(3A) In subsection (3)(a), the reference to want of sufficient distress to
satisfy a fine or other sum includes a reference to circumstanceswhere—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments233
(a) there is power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 to recover thefine or other sum from a person, but
(b) it appears, after an attempt has been made to exercise the
power, that the person’s goods are insufficient to pay theamount outstanding (as defined by paragraph 50(3) of thatSchedule).”
Patents Act 1977 (c. 37)
39 The Patents Act 1977 is amended as follows.
40 In section 41 (amount of compensation of employees), in subsection (9) for
“by execution issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85 ofthe County Courts Act 1984”.
41 In section 61 (proceedings for infringement of patent), in subsection (7)(a) for
“by execution issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85 ofthe County Courts Act 1984”.
42 In section 93 (enforcement of orders for costs), in paragraph (a) for “by
execution issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85 of theCounty Courts Act 1984”.
43 In section 107 (costs and expen ses in proceedings before the comptroller), in
subsection (2) for “by execution issued from the county court” substitute“under section 85 of the County Courts Act 1984”.
Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (c. 2)
44 In section 149 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (non-
payment of penalties etc: maximum ter ms of imprisonment) after subsection
(1) insert—
“(1A) In subsection (1)(b) as it applies to a magistrates’ court in England or
Wales the reference to default of sufficient distress to satisfy theamount of the penalty is a reference to want of sufficient goods tosatisfy the amount, within the meaning given by section 79(4) of theMagistrates’ Courts Act 1980.”
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)
45 The Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 is amended as follows.
46 (1) Section 76 (enforcement of sums adjudged to be paid) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) for “issue a warrant of distress for the purpose of levying
the sum” substitute “issue a warrant of control for the purpose of recoveringthe sum”.
(3) In subsection (2)(a)—
(a) for “warrant of distress” substitute “warrant of control”;
(b) for “satisfy the sum with th e costs and charges of levying the sum”
substitute “pay the amount outstanding, as defined by paragraph50(3) of Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act2007”.
(4) In subsection (2)(b) for “warrant of distress” substitute “warrant of control”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments234
47 In section 77 (postponement of issue of warrant), in subsection (1) for
“warrant of distress” substitute “warrant of control”.
48 (1) Section 79 (release from custody and reduction of detention on payment) is
amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1)—
(a) for “distress” in the first place substitute “goods”;
(b) for “and distress” substitute “,or (as the case may be) on the payment
of the amount outstanding,”.
(3) In subsection (2)—
(a) for “distress” in the first place substitute “goods”;
(b) for the words from “to so much of the said sum” to the end substitute
“—
(a) to the amount outstanding at the time the period of
detention was imposed, if the procedure in Schedule12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007(taking control of goods) had been used forrecovering the sum;
(b) otherwise, to so much of the sum as was due at that
time.”
(4) After subsection (3) insert—
“(4) In this Act, references to want of sufficient goods to satisfy a sum of
money are references to circumstances where—
(a) a warrant of control has been issued for the sum to be
recovered from a person, but
(b) it appears on the return to the warrant that the person’s
money and goods are insufficient to pay the amountoutstanding.
(5) In this section, “the amount outstanding” has the meaning given by
paragraph 50(3) of Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007.”
49 In section 80 (application of money found on defaulter to satisfy sum
adjudged), in subsection (2) for “distress” substitute “goods”.
50 In section 81 (enforcement of fines imposed on young offenders) in
subsections (1) and (3) for “distress” substitute “goods”.
51 (1) Section 82 (restriction on power to impose imprisonment for default) is
amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (3), for “distress” substitute “goods”.
(3) In subsection (4A)(a), for “warrant of distress” substitute “warrant of
control”.
52 In section 87 (enforcement of payment of fines by High Court and county
court) in subsection (1) for “writ of fieri facias” substitute “writ of control”.
53 (1) Section 87A (fines imposed on companies) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1)(b), for “warrant of distress” substitute “warrant of control”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments235
(3) For subsection (1)(c) substitute—
“(c) it appears on the return to the warrant that the company’s
money and goods are insufficient to pay the amountoutstanding,”.
(4) At the end insert—
“(3) In this section, “the amount outst anding” has the meaning given by
paragraph 50(3) of Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007.”
54 In section 88 (supervision pending payment) in subsections (4) and (6) for
“distress” substitute “goods”.
55 In section 96 (civil debt: complaint for non-payment), in subsection (1) for
“distress” substitute “goods”.
56 In section 120 (forfeiture of recognizance), in subsection (4) for “warrant of
distress” substitute “warrant of control”.
57 (1) In section 125 (warrants) subsection (2) is amended as follows.
(2) For “warrant of distress”, in the first place, substitute “warrant of control”.(3) Omit the words from “This subsection” to the end.
58 (1) Section 125A (civilian enforcement officers) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (3), for “distress” substitute “control”.(3) In subsection (3A), for “distress” substitute “control”.
(4) In subsection (4), for “against whom distress is levied” substitute “, in the
case of a warrant of control, against whom the warrant is issued”.
59 In section 125B (execution by approved enforcement agency), in subsection
(4) for “against whom distress is levied” substitute “, in the case of a warrantof control, against whom the warrant is issued”.
60 In section 125CA (power to make disclosure order), in subsection (2) for
“distress” substitute “control”.
61 (1) Section 125D (execution by person not in possession of warrant) is amended
as follows.
(2) Omit subsection (3)(c).(3) In subsection (4), for “against whom distress is levied” substitute “, in the
case of a warrant of control, against whom the warrant is issued”.
62 In section 133 (consecutive terms of imprisonment) in subsections (4) and (5)
for “distress” substitute “goods”.
63 (1) Section 150 (interpretation) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) in the defin itions of “impose imprisonment” and
“sentence”, for “distress” substitute “goods”.
(3) After subsection (3) insert—
“(3A) References in this Act to want of sufficient goods to satisfy a fine or
other sum of money have the meaning given by section 79(4).”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments236
64 Omit section 151.
65 In Schedule 4A (powers of authorised officers executing warrants), omit
paragraph 3.
Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54)
66 (1) Section 43ZA of the Supreme Court Act 1981 (power of High Court to vary
committal in default) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) for “distress” in both places substitute “goods”.(3) After subsection (2) insert—
“(3) In subsection (1) references to want of sufficient goods to satisfy a
sum are references to circumstances where—
(a) there is power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 to recover thesum from a person, but
(b) it appears, after an attempt has been made to exercise the
power, that the person’s goods are insufficient to pay theamount outstanding (as defined by paragraph 50(3) of thatSchedule).”
British Fishing Boats Act 1983 (c. 8)
67 In section 5 of the British Fish ing Boats Act 1983 (recovery of fines), in
subsection (3)—
(a) for “warrants of distress)” substitute “warrants), as they apply to
warrants of the kinds mentioned there,”;
(b) omit the words from “as they apply” to the end.
County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28)
68 The County Courts Act 1984 is amended as follows.
69 (1) Section 85 (execution of judgments or orders for payment of money) is
amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1), for the words from “by execution” to the end substitute
“under a warrant under subsection (2).”
(3) In subsection (2)—
(a) for “warrant of execution in the nature of a writ of fieri facias”
substitute “warrant of control”;
(b) for the words from “levy” to the end substitute “use the procedure in
Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007(taking control of goods) to recover the money payable under thejudgment or order.”
(4) After that subsection insert—
“(2A) The person to whom a warrant under subsection (2) must be directed
is to be determined in accordance with arrangements made by aperson authorised by or on behalf of the Lord Chancellor.”
(5) Omit subsection (3).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments237
70 (1) Section 86 (execution of orders for payment by instalments) is amended as
follows.
(2) In subsection (1) for “execution on the order” substitute “a warrant of control
to recover any of that sum”.
(3) In subsection (2)—
(a) for “execution is to issue” substitute “a warrant of control is to be
issued”;
(b) for “execution may issue” substitute “a warrant of control may be
issued”.
(4) In subsection (3)—
(a) for “execution or successive executions may issue” substitute “a
warrant or successive warrants of control may be issued”;
(b) for the words from “no execution” to “it issues” substitute “no
warrant of control may be issued unless when it is issued”.
71 (1) Section 87 (execution to be superseded on payment) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1)—
(a) for “warrant of execution” substitute “warrant of control”;
(b) for “levied” substitute “recovered”.
(3) Omit subsection (2).
(4) For the heading “Execution to be superseded on payment” substitute
“Indorsement of amount on warrant”.
72 Omit sections 89 to 91.73 In section 92 (penalty for rescuing goods seized), after subsection (2) insert—
“(3) This section does not apply in the case of goods seized under
Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.”
74 Omit sections 93 to 100.75 In section 101 (interpleader by district judge), after subsection (3) insert—
“(4) This section does not apply in the case of goods seized under
Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.”
76 Omit sections 102 and 103.77 In section 104 (information as to wr its and warrants of execution) in
subsection (2) for “A bailiff of a county court” substitute “The person towhom a warrant issued by a county court is directed”.
78 Omit section 123.
79 (1) Section 124 (liability of bailiff for neglect to levy execution) is amended as
follows.
(2) In subsection (1)—
(a) for the words from “a bailiff” to “the execution” substitute “a county
court issues a warrant of execution, control, possession or deliveryand the person to whom it is directed loses the opportunity ofexecuting it”;
(b) for “judge of that court” substitute “district judge”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments238
(3) In subsection (2)—
(a) for “the bailiff” substitute “that person”;
(b) for “execution” substitute “warrant was”.
80 In section 125 (irregularity in executing warrants) in subsection (1) after
“but” insert “, except in the case of a warrant of control (to which Schedule
12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 applies),”.
81 (1) Section 126 (actions against bailiffs acting under warrants) is amended as
follows.
(2) In subsection (3) omit the words from “but” to the end.(3) In subsection (4)—
(a) after “section” insert ““bailiff” in relation to a warrant means the
person to whom the warrant is directed, and”;
(b) omit ““bailiff””;
(c) for “a bailiff” substitute “that person”.
(4) After subsection (4) insert—
“(5) This section does not apply to an action for anything done under a
power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007.”
82 In section 147 (interpretation) in subsection (1) omit the definition of
“bailiff”.
Finance Act 1984 (c. 43)
83 In the Finance Act 1984 omit section 16 (unpaid car tax and VAT: distress).
Gas Act 1986 (c. 44)
84 In paragraph 29 of Schedule 2B to the Gas Act 1986 (gas meters and fittings
not to be subject to distress) in sub-paragraph (1)(a) after “liable” insert “tobe taken control of under Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007, or”.
Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45)
85 In section 436 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (expressions used generally) insert
in the appropriate place—
““distress” includes use of the procedure in Schedule 12 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, and referencesto levying distress, seizing goods and related expressionsshall be constr ued accordingly;”.
Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 (c. 20)
86 (1) Section 15 of the Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 (termination:
supplementary provisions) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (2)—
(a) after “distress” in the first place insert “or any power to use the
procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007 (taking control of goods)”;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments239
(b) after “levied” insert “or that power was exercised”.
(3) In subsection (3) after “levied” insert “or the power there mentioned was
exercisable”.
Local Government Finance Act 1988 (c. 41)
87 The Local Government Finance Act 1988 is amended as follows.
88 After section 62 insert—
“62A Recovery by taking control of goods
Where a liability order has been made against a person under
regulations under Schedule 9, the billing authority may use theprocedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007 (taking control of goods) to recover the amount in respectof which the order was made, to the extent that it remains unpaid.”
89 (1) Schedule 9 (non-domestic rating: administration) is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph 1 for “recovery” substitute “the recovery, otherwise than under
Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (takingcontrol of goods),”.
(3) In paragraph 3—
(a) omit sub-paragraph (2)(b);
(b) in sub-paragraph (4)(b), after “method” in the second place insert
“provided for in section 62A above or”.
Electricity Act 1989 (c. 29)
90 In paragraph 11 of Schedule 6 to the Electricity Act 1989 (electrical plant etc
not to be liable to be taken in execution), in sub-paragraph (2)(b) after“liable” insert “to be taken control of under Schedule 12 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, or”.
Companies Act 1989 (c. 40)
91 In section 180 of the Companies Act 1989 (proceedings against market
property by unsecured creditors) in subsection (1) after “levied,” insert “andno power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods) may be exercised,”.
New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (c. 22)
92 (1) Paragraph 3 of Schedule 1 to the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991
(recovery of property taken in distress etc.) is amended as follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (1)—
(a) after “distress” in the first place insert “or under any power to use the
procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007 (taking control of goods)”;
(b) after “levied” insert “or that power was exercised”.
(3) In sub-paragraph (2)—
(a) For “This” substitute “Sub-paragraph (1)”;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments240
(b) after “levied” insert “or the power mentioned there was exercisable”.
Child Support Act 1991 (c. 48)
93 The Child Support Act 1991 is amended as follows.
94 (1) Section 35 (enforcement of liability orders by distress) is amended as
follows.
(2) In the heading for “distress” substitute “taking control of goods”.(3) In subsection (1) for the words from “levy” to the end substitute “use the
procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007(taking control of goods) to recover the amount in respect of which the orderwas made, to the extent that it remains unpaid.”
(4) Omit subsections (2) to (8).
95 In section 39A (commitment to prison an d disqualification from driving), in
subsection (1)(a), for “levy an amount by distress under this Act” substitute“recover an amount by virtue of section 35(1)”.
96 In section 40 (commitment to prison) for subsection (4)(a)(i) substitute—
“(i) the amount outstanding, as defined by paragraph
50(3) of Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods); and”.
97 In section 40B (disqualification fr om driving: further  provision) for
subsection (3)(a) substitute—
“(a) the amount outstanding, as defined by paragraph 50(3) of
Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act2007 (taking control of goods); and”.
Water Industry Act 1991 (c. 56)
98 In section 179 of the Water Industry Act 1991 (vesting of works in
undertaker), in subsec tion (4)(b) after “liable” insert “to be taken control of
under Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, or”.
Water Resources Act 1991 (c. 57)
99 In Schedule 15 to the Water Resources Act 1991 (supplemental provisions
with respect to drainage charges), in paragraph 12(2)(b) for “warrant ofdistress” substitute “warrant of control”.
Land Drainage Act 1991 (c. 59)
100 In section 54 of the Land Drainage Act 1991 (powers for enforcing payment
of drainage rates), in subsection (2)(b) for “warrant of distress” substitute“warrant of control”.
Social Security Administration Act 1992 (c. 5)
101 The Social Security Administration Act 1992 is amended as follows.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments241
102 In section 71 (overpayments: general), in subsection (10)(a) for “by execution
issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85 of the CountyCourts Act 1984”.
103 In section 75 (overpayments of housing benefit), in subsection (7)(a) for “by
execution issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85 of theCounty Courts Act 1984”.
104 (1) Section 121A (recovery of contributions etc in England and Wales) is
amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1)—
(a) in paragraph (b) after “relates” insert “(“the sums due”)”;
(b) for the words from “distrain” to the end substitute “use the
procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007 (taking control of goods) to recover the sums due”.
(3) Omit subsections (2) to (8) and (10).
Local Government Finance Act 1992 (c. 14)
105 The Local Government Finance Act 1992 is amended as follows.
106 In section 14 (administration, pena lties and enforcement), after subsection
(3) insert—
“(4) Where a liability order has been made against a person under
regulations under Schedule 4, the billing authority concerned mayuse the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods) to recover theamount in respect of which the order was made, to the extent that itremains unpaid.”
107 (1) Schedule 4 (enforcement: England and Wales) is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph 1(1) and (2) after “recovery” insert “, otherwise than under
Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (takingcontrol of goods),”.
(3) In paragraph 5 (attachment of earnings etc)—
(a) in sub-paragraph (1A)(a) for “; and” substitute “(unless paragraph
(b) applies);”;
(b) in sub-paragraph (1A)(b) for sub- paragraph (i) and the words before
it substitute—
“(b) where a person authorised to act under the power
conferred by section 14(4) (power to use theprocedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007) has reported to theauthority concerned that he was unable (forwhatever reason) to find sufficient goods of thedebtor to pay the amount outstanding—
(i) the amount outstanding at the time when
the attachment of earnings order is made,and”;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments242
(c) at the end insert—
 “(9) In this paragraph “the amount outstanding” has the
meaning given by paragraph 50(3) of Schedule 12 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.”
(4) Omit paragraph 7 (distress).(5) In paragraph 8 (commitment to prison)—
(a) in sub-paragraph (1)(a)—
(i) omit the words from “an authority” to “paragraph 7 above”;
(ii) for the words from “ the person” to “levy the amount”
substitute “there are insufficient goods to satisfy an amountunder section 14(4)”;
(b) after sub-paragraph (1) insert—
 “(1A) In sub-paragraph (1) the reference to insufficient goods to
satisfy an amount under section 14(4) is a reference tocircumstances where a person authorised to act under thepower conferred by section 14(4) (power to use theprocedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007) has reported to the authorityconcerned that he was unable (for whatever reason) to findsufficient goods of the debtor to pay the amountoutstanding.”;
(c) for sub-paragraph (2)(a) substitute—
“(a) the amount outstanding at the time when the
warrant of commitment is issued; and”;
(d) at the end insert—
 “(4) In this paragraph “the amount outstanding” has the
meaning given by paragraph 50(3) of Schedule 12 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.”
(6) In paragraph 12 (relationship between remedies) in sub-paragraph (1)—
(a) omit paragraph (c);
(b) in paragraph (d), for “distress” substitute “the power conferred by
section 14(4)”;
(c) in paragraph (e), for “distress” substitute “exercise of the power
conferred by section 14(4)”;
(d) in paragraph (f), for “distress” substitute “exercise of the power
conferred by section 14(4)”.
(7) Omit paragraph 19 (3).
Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c. 52)
108 Schedule A1 to the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act
1992 (collective bargaining: recognition) is amended as follows.
109 (1) Paragraph 19E is amended as follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (5) for “by execution issued from that court” substitute
“under section 85 of the County Courts Act 1984”.
(3) In sub-paragraph (6) for the words from the beginning to “carried out”
substitute “Where a warrant of control is issued under section 85 of the 1984Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments243
Act to recover an amount in accordance with sub-paragraph (5), the power
conferred by the warrant is exercisable”.
110 (1) Paragraph 28 is amended as follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (6) for “by execution issued from that court” substitute
“under section 85 of the County Courts Act 1984”.
(3) In sub-paragraph (6A) for the words from the beginning to “carried out”
substitute “Where a warrant of control is issued under section 85 of the 1984Act to recover an amount in accordance with sub-paragraph (6), the powerconferred by the warrant is exercisable”.
111 (1) Paragraph 120 is amended as follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (6) for “by execution issued from that court” substitute
“under section 85 of the County Courts Act 1984”.
(3) In sub-paragraph (6A) for the words from the beginning to “carried out”
substitute “Where a warrant of control is issued under section 85 of the 1984Act to recover an amount in accordance with sub-paragraph (6), the powerconferred by the warrant is exercisable”.
Railways Act 1993 (c. 43)
112 In section 27 of the Railways Act 1993 (transfer of franchise assets and
shares), in subsection (6) after “levied” insert “and no power to use theprocedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007may be exercised”.
Finance Act 1994 (c. 9)
113 (1) The Finance Act 1994 is amended as follows.
114 After section 10 insert—
“10A Breaches of controlled goods agreements
(1) This section applies where an enforcement agent acting under the
power conferred by section 51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997 (power touse the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007) has entered into a controlled goodsagreement with the person against whom the power is exercisable(“the person in default”).
(2) In this section, “controlled goods agreement” has the meaning given
by paragraph 13(4) of that Schedule.
(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, if the person in default removes or
disposes of goods (or permits their removal or disposal) in breach ofthe controlled goods agreement, he is liable to a penalty equal to halfof the unpaid duty or other amount recoverable under section 51(A1)of the Finance Act 1997.
(4) The person in default shall not be liable to a penalty under subsection
(3) above if he satisfies the Commissioners or, on appeal, an appealtribunal that there is a reasonable excuse for the breach in question.
(5) This section extends only to England and Wales.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments244
115 In section 11 (breaches of walking possession agreements), for subsection (5)
substitute—
“(5) This section extends only to Northern Ireland.”
116 (1) Schedule 7 (insurance premium tax) is amended as follows.
(2) After paragraph 18 insert—
“18A(1) This paragraph applies where an enforcement agent acting under
the power conferred by section 51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997(power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007)  has entered into a controlled
goods agreement with the person against whom the power isexercisable (“the person in default”).
(2) In this paragraph, “controlled goods agreement” has the meaning
given by paragraph 13(4) of that Schedule.
(3) Subject to sub-paragraph (4) below, if the person in default
removes or disposes of goods (or permits their removal ordisposal) in breach of the controlled goods agreement, he is liableto a penalty equal to half of the tax or other amount recoverableunder section 51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997.
(4) The person in default shall not be liable to a penalty under sub-
paragraph (3) above if he satisfies the Commissioners or, onappeal, an appeal tribunal, that there is a reasonable excuse for thebreach in question.
(5) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.”
(3) In paragraph 19, for sub-paragraph (5) substitute—
 “(5) This paragraph extends only to Northern Ireland.”
Value Added Tax Act 1994 (c. 23)
117 The Value Added Tax Act 1994 is amended as follows.
118 In section 48 (VAT representatives), in subsection (7A) after “enforcement”
insert “by taking control of goods or, in Northern Ireland,”.
119 After section 67 (failure to n otify and unauthorised invoices) insert—
“67A Breach of controlled goods agreement
(1) This section applies where an enforcement agent acting under the
power conferred by section 51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997 (power touse the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007) has entered into a controlled goodsagreement with the person against whom the power is exercisable(“the person in default”).
(2) In this section, “controlled goods agreement” has the meaning given
by paragraph 13(4) of that Schedule.
(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, if the person in default removes or
disposes of goods (or permits their removal or disposal) in breach of
the controlled goods agreement, he is liable to a penalty equal to halfTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments245
of the VAT or other amount recoverable under section 51(A1) of the
Finance Act 1997.
(4) The person in default shall not be liable to a penalty under subsection
(3) above if he satisfies the Commissioners or, on appeal, a tribunalthat there is a reasonable excuse for the breach in question.
(5) This section extends only to England and Wales.”
120 In section 68 (breach of walking possession agreements) for subsection (5)
substitute—
“(5) This section extends only to Northern Ireland.”
Pensions Act 1995 (c. 26)
121 In section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties), in subsection (8A)(a)
for “by execution issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85of the County Courts Act 1984”.
Finance Act 1996 (c. 8)
122 Schedule 5 to the Finance Act 1996 (landfill tax) is amended as follows.
123 After paragraph 23 insert—
“Controlled Goods Agreements
23A (1) This paragraph applies where an enforcement agent acting under
the power conferred by section 51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997(power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007)  has entered into a controlled
goods agreement with the person against whom the power isexercisable (“the person in default”).
(2) In this paragraph, “controlled goods agreement” has the meaning
given by paragraph 13(4) of that Schedule.
(3) If the person in default removes or disposes of goods (or permits
their removal or disposal) in breach of the controlled goodsagreement, he is liable to a penalty equal to half of the tax or otheramount recoverable under section 51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997.
(4) The person in default shall not be liable to a penalty under sub-
paragraph (3) above if he satisfies the Commissioners or, onappeal, an appeal tribunal, that there is a reasonable excuse for thebreach in question.
(5) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.”
124 In paragraph 24, for sub-paragraph (4) substitute—
 “(4) This paragraph extends only to Northern Ireland.”
Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17)
125 In section 15 of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (enforcement), in
subsection (1) for “by execution issued from the county court” substitute“under section 85 of the County Courts Act 1984”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments246
Finance Act 1997 (c. 16)
126 (1) Section 51 of the Finance Act 1997 (enforcement by distress) is amended as
follows.
(2) Before subsection (1) insert—
“(A1) The Commissioners may, in England and Wales, use the procedure
in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007(taking control of goods) to recover any of these that a person refusesor neglects to pay—
(a) any amount of relevant tax due from him;
(b) any amount recoverable as if it were relevant tax due from
him.”
(3) In subsection (1) after “by regulations” insert “not having effect in England
and Wales or Scotland”.
(4) Omit subsection (7).
Social Security (Recovery of Benefits) Act 1997 (c. 27)
127 In section 7 of the Social Security (Recovery of Benefits) Act 1997 (recovery
of payments due under section 6), in subsection (4) for “by execution issuedfrom the county court” substitute “under section 85 of the County Courts Act1984”.
National Minimum Wage Act 1998 (c. 39)
128 In section 21 of the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 (financial penalty for
non-compliance), in subsection (5)(a) for “by execution issued from thecounty court” substitute “under section 85 of the County Courts Act 1984”.
Road Traffic (NHS Charges) Act 1999 (c. 3)
129 In section 5 of the Road Traffic (NHS Charges) Act 1999 (recovery of NHS
charges), in subsection (4) (so far as it continues to have effect) for “byexecution issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85 of theCounty Courts Act 1984”.
Greater London Authority Act 1999 (c. 29)
130 In section 216 of the Greater London Authority Act 1999 (protection of key
system assets), in subsection (4) after “levied” insert “and no power to usethe procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act2007 (taking control of goods) may be exercised”.
Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (c. 6)
131 The Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 is amended as follows.
132 (1) Section 78 (limit on magistrates’ courts’ power to impose imprisonment etc.)
is (until its repeal by the Criminal Justic e Act 2003 (c. 44) comes into force)
amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (4) for “distress” substitute “goods”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments247
(3) After subsection (4) insert—
“(4A) In subsection (4) the reference to want of sufficient goods to satisfy a
fine is a reference to circumstances where—
(a) there is power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 to recover thefine from a person, but
(b) it appears, after an attempt has been made to exercise the
power, that the person’s goods are insufficient to pay theamount outstanding (as defined by paragraph 50(3) of thatSchedule).”
133 (1) Section 163 (general definition) is amended as follows.
(2) The existing words become subsection (1).(3) After that subsection insert—
“(2) In the definition of “sentence of imprisonment” in subsection (1) the
reference to want of sufficient distress to satisfy a sum includes areference to circumstances where—
(a) there is power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 to recover thesum from a person, but
(b) it appears, after an attempt has been made to exercise the
power, that the person’s goods are insufficient to pay theamount outstanding (as defined by paragraph 50(3) of thatSchedule).”
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (c. 8)
134 In Schedule 17 to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the
ombudsman scheme), in paragraph 16(a) for “by execution issued from thecounty court” substitute “under section 85 of the County Courts Act 1984”.
Finance Act 2000 (c. 17)
135 Schedule 6 to the Finance Act 2000 (climate change levy) is amended as
follows.
136 After paragraph 89 insert—
“Controlled goods agreements
89A (1) This paragraph applies where an enforcement agent acting under
the power conferred by section 51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997(power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007)  has entered into a controlled
goods agreement with the person against whom the power isexercisable (“the person in default”).
(2) In this paragraph, “controlled goods agreement” has the meaning
given by paragraph 13(4) of that Schedule.
(3) Subject to sub-paragraph (4), if the person in default removes or
disposes of goods (or permits their removal or disposal) in breachof the controlled goods agreement, he is liable to a penalty equalTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments248
to half of the levy or other amount recoverable under section
51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997.
(4) The person in default shall not be liable to a penalty under sub-
paragraph (3) above if he satisfies the Commissioners or, onappeal, an appeal tribunal, that there is a reasonable excuse for thebreach in question.
(5) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.”
137 In paragraph 90 for sub-paragraph (5) substitute—
 “(5) This paragraph extends only to Northern Ireland.”
Postal Services Act 2000 (c. 26)
138 In section 104 of the Postal Services Act 2000 (inviolability of mails), in
subsection (2) after paragraph (b) insert—
“(ba) in England and Wales, being taken control of under Schedule
12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007,”.
Finance Act 2001 (c. 9)
139 Schedule 5 to the Finance Act 2001 (aggregates levy: recovery and interest)
is amended as follows.
140 After paragraph 14 insert—
“Controlled goods agreements
14A (1) This paragraph applies where an enforcement agent acting under
the power conferred, by virtue of paragraph 14 above, by section51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997 (power to use the procedure inSchedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007)
has entered into a controlled goods agreement with the personagainst whom the power is exercisable (“the person in default”).
(2) In this paragraph, “controlled goods agreement” has the meaning
given by paragraph 13(4) of that Schedule.
(3) Subject to sub-paragraph (4), if the person in default removes or
disposes of goods (or permits their removal or disposal) in breachof the controlled goods agreement, he is liable to a penalty equalto half of the levy or other amount recoverable under section51(A1) of the Finance Act 1997.
(4) The person in default shall not be liable to a penalty under sub-
paragraph (3) above if he satisfies the Commissioners or, onappeal, an appeal tribunal, that there is a reasonable excuse for thebreach in question.
(5) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.”
141 In paragraph 15 for sub-paragraph (5) substitute—
 “(5) This paragraph extends only to Northern Ireland.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments249
Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29)
142 The Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 is amended as follows.
143 In section 58 (restraint orders: restrictions), in subsection (2) after “levied”
insert “, and no power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods) may beexercised,”.
144 In section 59 (enforcement receivers: restrictions), in subsection (2) after
“levied” insert “, and no power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods) maybe exercised,”.
145 In section 60 (Director’s receiver s: restrictions), in subsection (2) after
“levied” insert “, and no power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods) maybe exercised,”.
146 In section 253 (interim receiving orders: restriction on proceedings and
remedies) in subsection (1)(b) after “levied” insert “, and no power to use theprocedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007(taking control of goods) may be exercised,”.
Finance Act 2003 (c. 14)
147 (1) Schedule 12 to the Finance Act 2003 (stamp duty land tax: collection and
recovery of tax) is amended as follows.
(2) After paragraph 1 insert—
“Recovery of tax by taking control of goods
1A In England and Wales, if a person neglects or refuses to pay the
sum charged, the collector may use the procedure in Schedule 12to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforc ement Act 2007 (taking control
of goods) to recover the sum.”
(3) In paragraph 2(1) omit “England and Wales or”.
Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)
148 The Courts Act 2003 is amended as follows.
149 In Part 9 of Schedule 5 (operation of collection orders after increase
imposed), in paragraph 38(1)(a), for “warrant of distress” substitute“warrant of control”.
150 In Schedule 6 (discharge of fines by unpaid work), in paragraph 2(1)(a)(i), for
“warrant of distress” substitute “warrant of control”.
151 (1) Schedule 7 (High Court writs of execution) is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph 4, after sub-paragraph (1) insert—
 “(1A) But it is subject to Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and
Enforcement Act 2007 in the case of a writ conferring power to usethe procedure in that Schedule.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments250
(3) For paragraph 6 substitute—
“6 (1) Paragraph 7 applies to any writ of execution against goods which
is issued from the High Court.
(2) Paragraphs 8 to 11—
(a) do not apply to any writ that confers power to use the
procedure in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007, but
(b) apply to any other writ of execution against goods which
is issued from the High Court.”
(4) Omit paragraph 8(5).
Health and Social Care (Community Health and Standards) Act 2003 (c. 43)
152 In section 155 of the Health  and Social Care (Community Health and
Standards) Act 2003 (recovery of NHS charges), in subsection (7) for “byexecution issued from the county court” substitute “under section 85 of theCounty Courts Act 1984”.
Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)
153 The Criminal Justice Act 2003 is amended as follows.
154 (1) Section 154 (general limit on magis trates’ power to impose imprisonment) is
amended as follows.
(2) In subsections (4) and (6) for “distress” substitute “goods”.
(3) After subsection (7) insert—
“(8) In this section references to want of sufficient goods to satisfy a fine
or other sum of money have the meaning given by section 79(4) of theMagistrates’ Courts Act 1980.”
155 In section 305 (interpretation of Part 12) after subsection (1) insert—
“(1A) In the definition of “sentence of imprisonment” in subsection (1) the
reference to want of sufficient distress to satisfy a sum includes areference to circumstances where—
(a) there is power to use the procedure in Schedule 12 to the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 to recover thesum from a person, but
(b) it appears, after an attempt has been made to exercise the
power, that the person’s goods are insufficient to pay theamount outstanding (as defined by paragraph 50(3) of thatSchedule).”
Traffic Management Act 2004 (c. 18)
156 In the Traffic Management Act 2004 omit—
(a) section 82(3)(a);
(b) section 83.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 13 — Taking control of goods: amendments251
Income Tax Act 2007 (c.3)
157 In section 955(4) of the Income Tax Act 2007 (proceedings before set-off
claim is made) after “attachment” insert “or under Schedule 12 to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (taking control of goods)”.
SCHEDULE 14
Section 86
RENT ARREARS  RECOVERY : AMENDMENTS
Distress for Rent Act 1689 (c. 5)
1 The Distress for Rent Act 1689 ceases to have effect.
Landlord and Tenant Act 1709 (c. 18)
2 In the Landlord and Tenant Act 1709 omit the following—
(a) section 1;
(b) sections 6 to 8.
Landlord and Tenant Act 1730 (c. 28)
3 In the Landlord and Tenant Act 1730 omit section 5.
Distress for Rent Act 1737 (c. 19)
4 In the Distress for Rent Act 1737 the following cease to have effect—
(a) sections 1 to 10;
(b) sections 16 and 17;
(c) section 19.
Deserted Tenements Act 1817 (c. 52)
5 The Deserted Tenements Act 1817 ceases to have effect.
Fines and Recoveries Act 1833 (c. 74)
6 (1) In section 67 of the Fines and Recoveries Act 1833 (assignees to recover rent
of the lands of a bankrupt), for the words from “or may distrain” to“recovering of rent in arrear;” substitute “or, so far as the power undersection 72(1) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (commercialrent arrears recovery) is exercisable to recover any of those rents and profits,
may exercise that power, as if they were the landlord, on behalf of thecreditors;”.
(2) This paragraph does not extend to Northern Ireland.
Metropolitan Police Courts Act 1840 (c. 84)
7 The Metropolitan Police Courts Act 1840 ceases to have effect.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 14 — Rent arrears recovery: amendments252
Execution Act 1844 (c. 96)
8 The Execution Act 1844 ceases to have effect.
Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 (c. 18)
9 (1) In section 11 of the Lands Clauses  Consolidation Act 1845 (payment of rents
to be charged on tolls) omit the words from “or it shall be lawful” to the end.
(2) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.
Inclosure Act 1845 (c. 118)
10 In section 112 of the Inclosure Act 1845 (recovery of rents of allotment) for
“by distress” substitute “under section 72(1) of the Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007 (commercial rent arrears recovery)”.
Markets and Fairs Clauses Act 1847 (c. 14)
11 (1) Section 38 of the Markets and Fairs Clauses Act 1847 (recovery of stallage,
rents or tolls) is amended as follows.
(2) The existing words become subsection (1).(3) After “England” insert “(subject to subsection (2))”.
(4) After subsection (1) insert—
“(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the levying of rent in respect of
premises in England and Wales to the extent that the power undersection 72(1) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007(commercial rent arrears recovery) is exercisable to recover suchrent.
(3) Where that power is exercisable to recover such rent, either the
undertakers or their lessee, if not the landlord for the purposes ofsection 72(1) of that Act, may exercise that power as if they or he werethe landlord.”
(5) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.
Sequestration Act 1849 (c. 67)
12 (1) Section 1 of the Sequestration Act 1849 (sequestrator enabled to sue etc. in
his own name) is amended as follows.
(2) For “levy any distress” substitute “exercise the power under section 72(1) of
the Tribunals, Courts and Enf orcement Act 2007 (commercial rent arrears
recovery)”.
(3) Omit the words “levy” and “distress” in the second place where each occurs.
(4) Omit “levied”.
Landlord and Tenant Act 1851 (c. 25)
13 (1) The Landlord and Tenant Act 1851 ceases to have effect.
(2) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 14 — Rent arrears recovery: amendments253
Common Law Procedure Act 1852 (c. 76)
14 The Common Law Procedure Act 1852 is amended as follows.
15 In section 210 (proceedings in ejectment by landlord for non-payment of
rent), for “and that no sufficient distress was to be found on the demisedpremises, countervailing the arrears then due” substitute “and that either ofthe conditions in section 210A was met in relation to the arrears”.
16 After that section insert—
“210A Conditions relating to commercial rent arrears recovery
(1) The first condition is that th e power under section 72(1) of the
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (commercial rentarrears recovery) was not exercisable to recover the arrears.
(2) The second condition is that there were not sufficient goods on the
premises to recover the arrears by that power.”
Improvement of Land Act 1864 (c. 114)
17 (1) In section 64 of the Improvement of Land Act 1864 (interest on arrears of
rentcharges), for the words from “a suffic ient distress” to “charges of such
distress” substitute “goods that would be sufficient to pay the amountoutstanding under Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and EnforcementAct 2007 (taking control of goods)”.
(2) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.
Railway Rolling Stock Protection Act 1872 (c. 50)
18 (1) The Railway Rolling Stock Protection Act 1872 ceases to have effect.
(2) This paragraph extends only to England and Wales.
Law of Distress Amendment Act 1888 (c. 21)
19 The Law of Distress Amendment Act 1888 ceases to have effect.
Law of Distress Amendment Act 1908 (c. 53)
20 The Law of Distress Amendment Act 1908 ceases to have effect.
Law of Property Act 1925 (c. 20)
21 The Law of Property Act 1925 is amended as follows.
22 In section 109 (powers etc. of receiver appointed by mortgagee), in
subsection (3), for “, distress” substitute “or under section 72(1) of theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (commercial rent arrearsrecovery)”.
23 Section 121(2) ceases to have effect.
24 In section 150 (surrender of a lease, without prejudice to underleases with a
view to the grant of a new lease), in subsection (5), for “by distress or”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 14 — Rent arrears recovery: amendments254
substitute “under section 72(1) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act
2007 (commercial rent arrears recovery) or by”.
25 In section 162 (restrictions on the perpetuity rule) in subsection (1) omit
paragraph (a).
26 In section 189 (indemnities agai nst rents) omit subsection (1).
27 (1) Section 190 (equitable apportionment of rents and remedies for non-
payment or breach of covenant) is amended as follows.
(2) Omit subsection (2).
(3) For subsections (4) and (5) substitute—
“(4) Subsection (5) applies where—
(a) any default is made in payment of the whole or part of a rent
by the person (“the defaulter”) who, by reason of a charge orapportionment within subsection (3), is liable to pay it, and
(b) the lessee for the time bein g of any other land comprised in
the lease, in whom, as respects that land, the residue of theterm or interest created by the lease is vested, (“the payinglessee”) pays or is required to pay the whole or part of therent which ought to have been paid by the defaulter.
(5) Section 72(1) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
(commercial rent arrears recovery) applies, subject to the otherprovisions of Chapter 2 of Part 3 of that Act, to the recovery by thepaying lessee from the defaulter of the rent paid by the paying lesseewhich ought to have been paid by the defaulter, as if the payinglessee were the landlord, and the defaulter his tenant, under thelease.”
(4) In subsection (7) omit “owner or”.
Administration of Estates Act 1925 (c. 23)
28 (1) Section 26 of the Administration of Estates Act 1925 (rights of action by and
against personal representative) is amended as follows.
(2) Omit subsection (3).(3) For subsection (4) substitute—
“(4) To recover rent due or accruing to the deceased, a personal
representative may exercise any power under section 72(1)(commercial rent arrears recovery) or 81 (right to rent from sub-tenant) of the Tribunals, Courts an d Enforcement Act 2007 that
would have been exercisable by the deceased if he had still beenliving.”
Leasehold Reform Act 1967 (c. 88)
29 In section 15 of the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 (terms of tenancy to be
granted on extension), in subsection (3) for “distress, re-entry or otherwise”substitute “re-entry or otherwise (subject to section 85 of the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007)”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 14 — Rent arrears recovery: amendments255
Agriculture Act 1970 (c. 40)
30 In section 85 of the Agriculture Act 1970 (exemption for certain sales), in
paragraph (d) after “warrant of  distress” insert “or warrant of control”.
Rent (Agriculture) Act 1976 (c. 80)
31 Section 8 of the Rent (Agriculture) Act 1976 ceases to have effect.
Rent Act 1977 (c. 42)
32 The Rent Act 1977 is amended as follows
33 In section 141(5) (county court jurisdiction) (until its repeal by the Courts
and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41) comes into force) for “sections 147 and”substitute “section”.
34 Section 147 ceases to have effect.
Limitation Act 1980 (c. 58)
35 The Limitation Act 1980 is amended as follows
36 In section 19 (time limit for actions to recover rent) for “or distress made”
substitute “and the power conferred by section 72(1) of the Tribunals, Courtsand Enforcement Act 2007 shall not be exercisable”.
37 In section 38 (interpretation) omit “rentcharges and” and “rent or”.
County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28)
38 The County Courts Act 1984 is amended as follows.
39 Section 116 ceases to have effect.40 In section 139, for subsection (1)(c) substitute—
“(c) the power under section 72(1) of the Tribunals, Courts and
Enforcement Act 2007 (commercial rent arrears recovery) isexercisable to recover the arrears; and
(d) there are not sufficient goods on the premises to recover the
arrears by that power,”.
Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 (c. 5)
41 The Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 is amended as follows.
42 Omit sections 16 to 19.
43 In section 24 (restriction of landlor d’s remedies for breach of contract of
tenancy) omit “, by distress or otherwise,”.
Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45)
44 (1) Section 347 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (distress etc.) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) for the words from the beginning to “available” substitute
“CRAR (the power of commercial rent arrears recovery under section 72(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 14 — Rent arrears recovery: amendments256
of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007) is exercisable where the
tenant is an undischarged bankrupt”.
(3) In subsection (2)—
(a) for the words from the beginning to “goods and effects of” substitute
“Where CRAR has been exercised to recover rent from”;
(b) for “that distress” substitute “CRAR”;
(c) for “the distress was levied” substitute “goods were taken control of
under CRAR”.
(4) In subsection (5) for the words from the beginning to “upon” substitute
“CRAR is not exercisable at any time after the discharge of a bankruptagainst”.
(5) Omit subsections (6) and (7).
(6) Omit subsection (11).
Housing Act 1988 (c. 50)
45 Omit section 19 of the Housing Act 1988.
Water Industry Act 1991 (c. 56)
46 In section 179 of the Water Industry Act 1991 (vesting of works in
undertaker) in subsection (4)(b) omit “or to the landlord’s remedy for rent”.
Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993 (c. 28)
47 In section 57 of the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 (terms on which new lease is
to be granted), in subsection (2)(b)(ii) for “distress, re-entry or otherwise”substitute “re-entry or otherwise (subject to section 85 of the Tribunals,Courts and Enforcement Act 2007)”.
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)
48 In Schedule 7 to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (protected functions of
the Lord Chancellor), in paragraph 4, omit the entry for the Law of DistressAmendment Act 1888.
SCHEDULE 15
Section 91
ATTACHMENT  OF EARNINGS  ORDERS : DEDUCTIONS  AT FIXED  RATES
PART 1
MAIN AMENDMENTS
Introduction
1 This Schedule amends the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 15 — Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
Part 1 — Main amendments257
Amendment of section 6: Effect and contents of order
2 (1) For section 6(1)(a) (instruction to employer to make deductions from
debtor’s earnings) substitute—
“(a) to make periodical deductions from the debtor’s earnings, as
specified in the order; and”.
(2) After section 6(1) insert—
“(1A) If a county court makes an attac hment of earnings order to secure
payment of a judgment debt, the order must specify that periodicaldeductions are to be made in accordance with the fixed deductionsscheme.
(1B) If a court (whether a county court or another court) makes any other
attachment of earnings order, the order must specify that periodicaldeductions are to be made in accordance with Part 1 of Schedule 3.”
(3) In section 6(5) (order to specify normal deduction and protected earnings
rates), for “the order” substitute “a Schedule 3 deductions order”.
Insertion of new section 6A
3 After section 6 insert—
“6A The fixed deductions scheme
(1) In this Act “fixed deductions sche me” means any scheme that the
Lord Chancellor makes which specifies the rates and frequencies atwhich deductions are to be made under attachment of earningsorders so as to secure the repayment of judgment debts.
(2) The Lord Chancellor is to make the fixed deductions scheme by
regulations.
(3) The power to make regulations under subsection (2) is exercisable by
statutory instrument.
(4) The Lord Chancellor may not make a statutory instrument
containing the first regulations under subsection (2) unless a draft ofthe instrument has been laid before, and approved by resolution of,each House of Parliament.
(5) A statutory instrument containing any subsequent regulations under
subsection (2) is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution ofeither House of Parliament.”
Amendment of section 9: Variation, lapse and discharge of orders
4 After section 9(1) (power of court to vary order) insert—
“(1A) Subsection (1) is subject to Schedule 3A (which deals with the
variation of certain attachment of earnings orders by changing the
basis of deductions).”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 15 — Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
Part 1 — Main amendments258
Insertion of new section 9A
5 After section 9 insert—
“9A Suspension of fixed deductions orders
(1) A county court must make an order suspending a fixed deductions
order if the court is satisfied of either or both of the following—
(a) that the fixed deductions order requires periodical
deductions to be made at a rate which is not appropriate;
(b) that the fixed deductions order requires periodical
deductions to be made at times which are not appropriate.
(2) The county court is to make the suspension order on the following
terms—
(a) if the condition in subsection (1)(a) is met: on terms
specifying the rate at which the debtor must makerepayments (whether higher or lower than the rate at whichthe order requires the deductions to be made);
(b) if the condition in subsection (1)(b) is met: on terms
specifying the times at which the debtor must makerepayments;
(c) if either or both conditions are met: on any additional terms
that the court thinks appropriate.
(3) If the employer is given notice of the suspension order, the employer
must cease to make the deductions required by the fixed deductionsorder; but the employer is under no liability for non-compliancebefore seven days have elapsed since service of the notice.
(4) A county court—
(a) must revoke the suspension order if any of the terms of the
suspension order are broken;
(b) may revoke the suspension order in any other circumstances
if the court thinks that it is appropriate to do so.
(5) Rules of court may make provision as to the circumstances in which
a county court may of its own motion—
(a) make a suspension order; or
(b) revoke a suspension order.
(6) The suspension of a fixed deductions order under this section does
not prevent the order from being treated as remaining in forcesubject to the provisions of this section.
(7) This section is without prejudice to any other powers of a court to
suspend attachment of earnings orders or to revoke the suspensionof such orders.
(8) In this section, in relation to a fixed deductions order, “repayments”
means repayments of the judgment debt to which the order relates.”
Amendment of section 25: General interpretation
6 In section 25(1) (meaning of pa rticular words and phrases) insert theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 15 — Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
Part 1 — Main amendments259
following entries at the appropriate place—
““fixed deductions order” means an attachment of earnings
order under which periodical deductions are to be made inaccordance with the fixed deductions scheme;”;
““fixed deductions scheme” has the meaning given by section
6A(1);”;
““Schedule 3 deductions order” means an attachment of
earnings order under which periodical deductions are to bemade in accordance with Part 1 of Schedule 3;”;
““suspension order” means an order under section 9A
suspending a fixed deductions order;”.
Insertion of new Schedule 3A
7 After Schedule 3 insert—
“SCHEDULE 3A
C
HANGING  THE BASIS  OF DEDUCTIONS
PART 1
CHANGING  TO THE FIXED  DEDUCTIONS  SCHEME
Introduction
1 This Part of this Schedule deals wi th the variation of a certain kind
of attachment of earnings order — referred to as a Schedule 3judgment debt order — by changing the basis of deductions.
2 A Schedule 3 judgment debt order is a Schedule 3 deductions
order made by a county court to secure payment of a judgmentdebt.
3 References to variation of a Schedule 3 judgment debt order by
changing the basis of deductions are references to the variation ofthe order so that it specifies that periodical deductions are to bemade in accordance with the fixed deductions scheme.
Variation at discretion of court
4 (1) A county court may vary a Schedule 3 judgment debt order by
changing the basis of deductions.
(2) The county court may make the variation—
(a) in consequence of an application made to the court, or
(b) of its own motion.
(3) The variation takes effect on the date that it is made.
Variation by court upon redirection
5 (1) A county court must vary a Schedule 3 judgment debt order by
changing the basis of deductions if—
(a) the order lapses, andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 15 — Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
Part 1 — Main amendments260
(b) the county court directs the order to a person in accordance
with section 9(4).
(2) The variation must be made at the same time as the county court
directs the order in accordance with section 9(4).
(3) The variation takes effect on the date that it is made.
Automatic variation on changeover date
6 (1) On the changeover date, all Schedule 3 judgment debt orders are
to be treated as if a county court had varied them by changing thebasis of deductions.
(2) The variation takes effect on the changeover date.
(3) The changeover date is the date which the Lord Chancellor
specifies for the purposes of this paragraph.
(4) The Lord Chancellor is to specify the changeover date in an order
made by statutory instrument.
(5) A statutory instrument containing an order under sub-paragraph
(4) is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of eitherHouse of Parliament.
Notice of variation still required
7 Section 9(2) (service by court of notice of variation) applies to the
variation of an order under this Part of this Schedule (includingvariation in accordance with paragraph 6) as it applies to any othervariation of an attachment of earnings order.
P
ART 2
CHANGING  FROM  THE FIXED  DEDUCTIONS  SCHEME
Introduction
8 This Part of this Schedule deals with the variation of fixed
deductions orders by changing the basis of deductions.
9 References to variation of a fixed deductions order by changing
the basis of deductions are references to the variation of the orderso that it specifies that periodical deductions are to be made inaccordance with Part 1 of Schedule 3.
General prohibition on changing from the fixed deductions basis
10 A court may not vary a fixed deductions order by changing the
basis of deductions unless the variation is in accordance with thisPart of this Schedule.
Fixed deductions order directed to secure payments under an administration order
11 (1) A county court must vary a fixed deductions order by changing
the basis of deductions if, under section 5, the county court directsTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 15 — Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
Part 1 — Main amendments261
the order to take effect as an order to secure payments required by
an administration order.
(2) The variation must be made at the same time as the county court
gives that direction under section 5.
(3) The variation takes effect on the date that it is made.
(4) Section 9(2) (service by court of notice of variation) applies to the
variation of an order under this paragraph as it applies to anyother variation of an attachment of earnings order.”
P
ART 2
CONSEQUENTIAL  AMENDMENTS
Amendment of section 5: Securing payments under administration order
8 In section 5(3) (power of county court to direct existing attachment of
earnings order to secure administration order), for the words in bracketssubstitute “(with the variation required by paragraph 11 of Schedule 3A and
such other variations, if any, as the court thinks appropriate)”.
Amendment of section 14: Power of court to obtain information
9 In section 14(1) (power of court to order debtor and employer to provide
specified information), for “an attachm ent of earnings order” substitute “a
Schedule 3 deductions order”.
10 After section 14(1) insert—
“(1A) Where in any proceedings a county court has power to make a fixed
deductions order, the court may order the debtor to give to the court,within a specified period, a statement signed by him of—
(a) the name and address of any person by whom earnings are
paid to him; and
(b) specified particulars for enabling the debtor to be identified
by any employer of his.”
11 In section 14(2) (powers of court after attachment of earnings order has been
made), for the words from “Where” to “in force—” substitute “At any timewhen a Schedule 3 deductions order is in force, the court or the fines officer,as the case may be, may—”.
12 After section 14(2) insert—
“(2A) At any time when a fixed deductions order is in force, the court
may—
(a) make such an order as is described in subsection (1A) above;
and
(b) order the debtor to attend before it on a day and at a time
specified in the order to give the information described insubsection (1A) above.”
13 In section 14(4) (rules of court about notice of application for attachment or
earnings order), for the words from “give” to “the application.” substitute “,Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 15 — Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
Part 2 — Consequential amendments262
within such period and in such manner as may be prescribed, give the court
a statement in accordance with subsection (4A) or (4B).”
14 After section 14(4) insert—
“(4A) In a case where the attachment of earnings order would, if made, be
a Schedule 3 deductions order, the debtor must give a statement inwriting of—
(a) the matters specified in subsection (1)(a) above, and
(b) any other prescribed matters which are, or may be, relevant
under section 6 of this Act to the determination of the normaldeduction rate and the protected earnings rate to be specifiedin any attachment of earnings order made on the application.
(4B) In a case where the attachment of earnings order would, if made, be
a fixed deductions order, the debtor must give a statement in writingof the matters specified in subsection (1A) above.”
15 In section 14(5) (certain statements in proceedings for making or varying etc
attachment of earnings orders deemed to be evidence of facts stated), after“subsection (1)(a) or (b)” insert “or (1A)”.
Amendment of section 15: Obligation of debtor and employer to notify changes
16 (1) Section 15(1) is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph (b) (obligation to noti fy of court of earnings under new
employment) at the beginning insert “if the order is a Schedule 3 deductionsorder,”.
(3) In paragraph (c) (obligation of empl oyer to notify court of debtor’s new
employment and earnings) for “and include” insert “and, if the order is aSchedule 3 deductions order, include”.
Amendment of section 17: Consolidated attachment orders
17 (1) Section 17(3) (rules of court made in connection with consolidated
attachment orders) is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph (b) (rules relating to powers of court to which order etc
transferred), after “vary” insert “, suspend”.
(3) In paragraph (e) (rules modifying or excluding statutory provisions), after
“provisions of this Act” insert “, the fixed deductions scheme”.
18 After section 17(3) insert—
“(4) Section 6(1A) applies to a consolidated attachment order which a
county court makes to secure the payment of two or more judgmentdebts even if, immediately before the order is made, one or more ofthose debts is secured by a Schedule 3 deductions order.”
Amendment of section 23: Enforcement provisions
19 Section 23 is amended as follows.
20 In subsection (1) (failure of debtor to attend hearing)—
(a) for the words from “notice of an application” to “such an order”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 15 — Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates
Part 2 — Consequential amendments263
substitute “relevant notice,”;
(b) for “for any hearing of the application” substitute “in the notice for
any hearing,”.
21 After subsection (1) insert—
“(1ZA) In subsection (1) “relevant notic e” means any of the following—
(a) notice of an application to a county court to make, vary or
suspend an attachment of earnings order;
(b) notice that a county court is, of its own motion, to consider
making, varying or suspending an attachment of earningsorder.”
22 In subsection (2)(c) and (f) (offences related to attachment of earnings
orders)—
(a) after “section 14(1)” insert “or (1A)”.
(b) after “attachment of earnings order” insert “or suspension order”.
SCHEDULE 16
Section 106
ADMINISTRATION  ORDERS : CONSEQUENTIAL  AMENDMENTS
Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32)
1 (1) Section 4 of the Attachment of Ea rnings Act 1971 (extension of power to
make administration order) is amended as follows.
(2) For subsections (2) and (2A) substitute—
“(2) The court may make an administration order in respect of the
debtor’s estate if, after receipt of the list referred to in subsection(1)(b) above, the court is satisfied that the conditions in sections112B(2) to (7) of the County Courts Act 1984 (conditions to power tomake administration orders) are met in relation to the debtor.”
(3) In subsection (4) for “section 112” substitute “section 112J”.
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)
2 (1) Schedule 6A to the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (fines that may be altered
under section 143 of the 1980 Act) is amended as follows.
(2) Insert the following entry at the appropriate place in the entries relating to
the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28)—
Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45)
3 (1) Section 429 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities on revocation of
administration order against an individual) is amended as follows.“Section 112N(1) (administration
orders: failure to provide information)£250”.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 16 — Administration orders: consequential amendments264
(2) For subsections (1) and (2) substitute—
“(1) This section applies if a coun ty court revokes an administration
order made in respect of an individual (“the debtor”) on one of therelevant grounds.
(2) The court may, at the time it revokes the administration order, make
an order directing that this section  and section 12 of the Company
Directors Disqualification Act 1986 shall apply to the debtor for suchperiod, not exceeding one year, as may be specified in the order.
(2A) Each of the following is a relevant ground—
(a) the debtor had failed to make two payments (whether
consecutive or not) required by the order;
(b) at the time the order was made—
(i) the total amount of the debtor’s qualifying debts was
more than the prescribed maximum for the purposesof Part 6 of the 1984 Act, but
(ii) because of information provided, or not provided, by
the debtor, that amount was thought to be less than,or the same as, the prescribed maximum.”
(3) In subsection (3) for “a person” in the first place substitute “an individual”.(4) In subsection (4) for “a per son” substitute “an individual”.
(5) In subsection (5) for “person” substitute “individual”.
4 (1) Section 440 (extent: Scotland) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (2)(a) (provisions in the third Group of Parts that do not extend
to Scotland) for “section 429(1) and (2)” substitute “section 429(1) to (2A)”.
Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 (c. 46)
5 (1) Section 12 of the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 (failure to
pay under county court administration order) is amended as follows.
(2) For the title of the section substitute “Disabilities on revocation of
administration order”.
(3) Omit subsection (1).(4) In subsection (2), for the words from “that section” to “429(2)(b)” substitute
“section 429 of the Insolvency Act applies by virtue of an order undersubsection (2) of that section”.
Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41)
6 Omit section 13 of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990.
Charities Act 1993 (c. 10)
7 (1) Section 72 of the Charities Act 1993 (persons disqualified for being trustees
of a charity) is amended as follows.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 16 — Administration orders: consequential amendments265
(2) In subsection (1)(f), for the words from “section 429(2)(b)” to the end
substitute “section 429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities onrevocation of county court administration order).”
Pensions Act 1995 (c. 26)
8 (1) Section 29 of the Pensions Act 1995 (persons disqualified for being trustees
of a trust scheme) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1)(f), for the words from “section 429(2)(b)” to the end
substitute “section 429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities onrevocation of county court administration order).”
Police Act 1996 (c. 16)
9 (1) The Police Act 1996 is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph 11 of Schedule 2 (disqualification for being appointed as or
being member of a police authority), in sub-paragraph (1)(c), for “section429(2)(b)” to the end substitute “section 429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986(disabilities on revocation of county court administration order); or”.
(3) In paragraph 7 of Schedule 2A (disqualification for being appointed as or
being member of the Metropolitan P olice Authority), in sub-paragraph
(1)(c), for the words from “section 429(2)(b)” to the end substitute “section429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities on revocation of county courtadministration order); or”.
Housing Act 1996 (c. 52)
10 (1) Paragraph 4 of Schedule 1 to the Housing Act 1996 (power to remove
director, trustee etc. of registered social landlord) is amended as follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (2)(c), for the words from “section 429(2)(b)” to the end
substitute “section 429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities onrevocation of county court administration order);”.
Police Act 1997 (c. 50)
11 (1) The Police Act 1997 is amended as follows.
(2) In section 91 (the Commissioners), in subsection (7)(b), for “section 429(2)(b)
of the Insolvency Act 1986 (failure to pay under county court administrationorder)” substitute “section 429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities onrevocation of county court administration order)”.
(3) In paragraph 3 of Schedule 2 (disqualification for being appointed as or
being member of a Service Authority), in sub-paragraph (1)(c), for the words
from “section 429(2)(b)” to the end substitute “section 429(2) of theInsolvency Act 1986 (disabilities on revocation of county courtadministration order); or”.
Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 (c. 16)
12 (1) Paragraph 3 of Schedule 3 to the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001
(persons disqualified for being appointed as or being member of the CentralPolice Training and Development Authority) is amended as follows.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 16 — Administration orders: consequential amendments266
(2) In sub-paragraph (1)(b), for the words from “section 429(2)(b)” to the end
substitute “section 429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities onrevocation of county court administration order); or”.
Police Reform Act 2002 (c. 30)
13 (1) Schedule 2 to the Police Refor m Act 2002 (the Independent Police
Complaints Commission) is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph 1(5) (grounds for removal of chairman), in paragraph (e)(ii),
for the words from “section 429(2)(b)” to the end substitute “section 429(2) ofthe Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities on revocation of county courtadministration order);”.
(3) In paragraph 2(6) (grounds for removal of ordinary members), in paragraph
(e)(ii), for the words from “section 429(2)(b)” to the end substitute “section429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (disabilities on revocation of county courtadministration order);”.
Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003 (c. 20)
14 (1) Paragraph 7 of Schedule 4 to the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003,
(eligibility for appointment as member  of British Transport Police
Authority) is amended as follows.
(2) In sub-paragraph (3)(c), for “section 429(2)(b)” substitute “section 429(2)”.
Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)
15 (1) Section 98 of the Courts Act 2003 (register of judgments and orders) is
amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1)(b) (administration  orders) for “section 112” substitute “Part
6”.
SCHEDULE 17 
Section 108(1)
PART 7A OF THE INSOLVENCY  ACT 1986
“PART 7A
DEBT RELIEF  ORDERS
Preliminary
251A Debt relief orders
(1) An individual who is unable to pay his debts may apply for an order
under this Part (“a debt relief order”) to be made in respect of hisqualifying debts.
(2) In this Part “qualifying debt” means (subject to subsection (3)) a debt
which—
(a) is for a liquidated sum payable either immediately or at some
certain future time; andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986267
(b) is not an excluded debt.
(3) A debt is not a qualifying debt to the extent that it is secured.
(4) In this Part “excluded debt” means a debt of any description
prescribed for the purposes of this subsection.
Applications for a debt relief order
251B Making of application
(1) An application for a debt relief order must be made to the official
receiver through an approved intermediary.
(2) The application must include—
(a) a list of the debts to which the debtor is subject at the date of
the application, specifying the amount of each debt(including any interest, penalty  or other sum that has become
payable in relation to that debt on or before that date) and thecreditor to whom it is owed;
(b) details of any security held in respect of any of those debts;
and
(c) such other information about the debtor’s affairs (including
his creditors, debts and liabilities and his income and assets)as may be prescribed.
(3) The rules may make further provision as to—
(a) the form of an application for a debt relief order;
(b) the manner in which an application is to be made; and
(c) information and documents to be supplied in support of an
application.
(4) For the purposes of this Part an application is not to be regarded as
having been made until— 
(a) the application has been submitted to the official receiver;
and
(b) any fee required in connection with the application by an
order under section 415 has been paid to such person as theorder may specify.
251C Duty of official receiver to consider and determine application
(1) This section applies where an application for a debt relief order is
made.
(2) The official receiver may stay consideration of the application until
he has received answers to any queries raised with the debtor inrelation to anything connected with the application.
(3) The official receiver must determine the application by—
(a) deciding whether to refuse the application;
(b) if he does not refuse it, by making a debt relief order in
relation to the specified debts he is satisfied were qualifyingdebts of the debtor at the application date;
but he may only refuse the application if he is authorised or required
to do so by any of the following provisions of this section.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986268
(4) The official receiver may refuse th e application if he considers that—
(a) the application does not meet all the requirements imposed
by or under section 251B;
(b) any queries raised with the debtor have not been answered to
the satisfaction of the official receiver within such time as hemay specify when they are raised;
(c) the debtor has made any false representation or omission in
making the application or on  supplying any information or
documents in support of it.
(5) The official receiver must refuse the application if he is not satisfied
that—
(a) the debtor is an individual who is unable to pay his debts;
(b) at least one of the specified debts was a qualifying debt of the
debtor at the application date;
(c) each of the conditions set out in Part 1 of Schedule 4ZA is met.
(6) The official receiver may refuse the application if he is not satisfied
that each condition specified in Part 2 of Schedule 4ZA is met.
(7) If the official receiver refuses an application he must give reasons for
his refusal to the debtor in the prescribed manner.
(8) In this section “specified debt” means a debt specified in the
application.
251D Presumptions applicable to the determination of an application
(1) The following presumptions are to apply to the determination of an
application for a debt relief order.
(2) The official receiver must presume that the debtor is an individual
who is unable to pay his debts at the determination date if—
(a) that appears to the official receiver to be the case at the
application date from the in formation supplied in the
application and he has no reason to believe that theinformation supplied is incomplete or inaccurate; and
(b) he has no reason to believe that, by virtue of a change in the
debtor’s financial circumstances since the application date,the debtor may be able to pay his debts.
(3) The official receiver must presume that a specified debt (of the
amount specified in the application and owed to the creditor sospecified) is a qualifying debt at the application date if—
(a) that appears to him to be the case from the information
supplied in the application; and
(b) he has no reason to believe that the information supplied is
incomplete or inaccurate.
(4) The official receiver must presume that the condition specified in
paragraph 1 of Schedule 4ZA is met if—
(a) that appears to him to be the case from the information
supplied in the application;
(b) any prescribed verification checks relating to the condition
have been made; andTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986269
(c) he has no reason to believe that the information supplied is
incomplete or inaccurate.
(5) The official receiver must presume  that any other condition specified
in Part 1 or 2 of Schedule 4ZA is met if—
(a) that appears to him to have been the case as at the application
date from the information supplied in the application and hehas no reason to believe th at the information supplied is
incomplete or inaccurate; 
(b) any prescribed verification checks relating to the condition
have been made; and
(c) he has no reason to believe that, by virtue of a change in
circumstances since the appl ication date, the condition may
no longer be met.
(6) References in this section to information supplied in the application
include information supplied to the official receiver in support of theapplication.
(7) In this section “specified debt” means a debt specified in the
application.
Making and effect of debt relief order
251E Making of debt relief orders
(1) This section applies where the official receiver makes a debt relief
order on determining an application under section 251C.
(2) The order must be made in the prescribed form.
(3) The order must include a list of the debts which the official receiver
is satisfied were qualifying debts of the debtor at the applicationdate, specifying the amount of the debt at that time and the creditorto whom it was then owed.
(4) The official receiver must—
(a) give a copy of the order to the debtor; and
(b) make an entry for the order in the register containing the
prescribed information about the order or the debtor.
(5) The rules may make provision as to other steps to be taken by the
official receiver or the debtor on the making of the order.
(6) Those steps may include in particular notifying each creditor to
whom a qualifying debt specified in the order is owed of—
(a) the making of the order and its effect,
(b) the grounds on which a creditor may object under section
251K, and
(c) any other presc ribed information.
(7) In this Part the date on which an entry relating to the making of a
debt relief order is first made in the register is referred to as “theeffective date”.
251F Effect of debt relief order on other debt management arrangements
(1) This section applies if—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986270
(a) a debt relief order is made, and
(b) immediately before the order is made, other debt
management arrangements are in force in respect of thedebtor.
(2) The other debt management arrangements cease to be in force when
the debt relief order is made.
(3) In this section “other debt management arrangements” means—
(a) an administration order under Part 6 of the County Courts
Act 1984;
(b) an enforcement restriction order under Part 6A of that Act;
(c) a debt repayment plan arranged in accordance with a debt
management scheme that is approved under Chapter 4 ofPart 5 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.
251G Moratorium from qualifying debts
(1) A moratorium commences on the effective date for a debt relief order
in relation to each qualifying debt specified in the order (“a specifiedqualifying debt”).
(2) During the moratorium, the cre ditor to whom a specified qualifying
debt is owed—
(a) has no remedy in respect of the debt, and
(b) may not—
(i) commence a creditor’s petition in respect of the debt,
or
(ii) otherwise commence any action or other legal
proceedings against the debtor for the debt,
except with the permission of the court and on such terms as
the court may impose.
(3) If on the effective date a creditor to whom a specified qualifying debt
is owed has any such petition, action or other proceeding asmentioned in subsection (2)(b) pending in any court, the court may—
(a) stay the proceedings on the petition, action or other
proceedings (as the case may be), or
(b) allow them to continue on such terms as the court thinks fit.
(4) In subsection (2)(a) and (b) references to the debt include a reference
to any interest, penalty or other sum that becomes payable in relationto that debt after the application date.
(5) Nothing in this section affects the right of a secured creditor of the
debtor to enforce his security.
251H The moratorium period
(1) The moratorium relating to the qualifying debts specified in a debt
relief order continues for the period of one year beginning with theeffective date for the order, unless—
(a) the moratorium terminates early; or
(b) the moratorium period is extended by the official receiver
under this section or by the court under section 251M.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986271
(2) The official receiver may only extend the moratorium period for the
purpose of—
(a) carrying out or completing an investigation under section
251K;
(b) taking any action he considers  necessary (whether as a result
of an investigation or otherwise) in relation to the order; or
(c) in a case where he has decided to revoke the order, providing
the debtor with the opportunity to make arrangements formaking payments towards his debts.
(3) The official receiver may not extend the moratorium period for the
purpose mentioned in subsection (2)(a) without the permission ofthe court.
(4) The official receiver may not extend the moratorium period beyond
the end of the period of three months beginning after the end of theinitial period of one year mentioned in subsection (1).
(5) The moratorium period may be extended more than once, but any
extension (whether by the official receiver or by the court) must bemade before the moratorium would otherwise end.
(6) References in this Part to a moratorium terminating early are to its
terminating before the end of what would otherwise be themoratorium period, whether on the revocation of the order or byvirtue of any other enactment.
251I Discharge from qualifying debts
(1) Subject as follows, at the end of the moratorium applicable to a debt
relief order the debtor is discharged from all the qualifying debtsspecified in the order (including all interest, penalties and other
sums which may have become payable in relation to those debtssince the application date).
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the moratorium terminates early. 
(3) Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to any qualifying debt
which the debtor incurred in respect of any fraud or fraudulentbreach of trust to which the debtor was a party.
(4) The discharge of the debtor under subsection (1) does not release any
other person from—
(a) any liability (whether as partner or co-trustee of the debtor or
otherwise) from which the debtor is released by thedischarge; or
(b) any liability as surety for the debtor or as a person in the
nature of such a surety.
(5) If the order is revoked by the court under section 251M after the end
of the moratorium period, the qualifying debts specified in the ordershall (so far as practicable) be treated as though subsection (1) hadnever applied to them.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986272
Duties of debtor
251J Providing assistance to official receiver etc
(1) The duties in this section apply to a debtor at any time after the
making of an application by him for a debt relief order.
(2) The debtor must—
(a) give to the official receiver such information as to his affairs,
(b) attend on the official receiver at such times, and
(c) do all such other things,
as the official receiver may reasonably require for the purpose of
carrying out his functions in relation to the application or, as the casemay be, the debt relief order made as a result of the application.
(3) The debtor must notify the official receiver as soon as reasonably
practicable if he becomes aware of—
(a) any error in, or omission from, the information supplied to
the official receiver in, or in support of, the application;
(b) any change in his circumstances between the application date
and the determination date that would affect (or would haveaffected) the determination of the application.
(4) The duties under subsections (2) and (3) apply after (as well as
before) the determination of the applica tion, for as long as the official
receiver is able to exercise functions of the kind mentioned insubsection (2).
(5) If a debt relief order is made as a result of the application, the debtor
must notify the official receiver as soon as reasonably practicable if—
(a) there is an increase in his income during the moratorium
period applicable to the order;
(b) he acquires any property or any property is devolved upon
him during that period;
(c) he becomes aware of any error in or omission from any
information supplied by him to the official receiver after thedetermination date.
(6) A notification under subsection (3) or  (5) must give the prescribed
particulars (if any) of the matter being notified.
Objections, investigations and revocation
251K Objections and investigations
(1) Any person specified in a debt relief order as a creditor to whom a
specified qualifying debt is owed may object to—
(a) the making of the order;
(b) the inclusion of the debt in the list of the debtor’s qualifying
debts; or
(c) the details of the debt specified in the order.
(2) An objection under subsection (1) must be—
(a) made during the moratorium period relating to the order and
within the prescribed period for objections;
(b) made to the official receiver in the prescribed manner;Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986273
(c) based on a prescribed ground;
(d) supported by any information and documents as may be
prescribed;
and the prescribed period mentioned in paragraph (a) must not be
less than 28 days after the creditor in question has been notified ofthe making of the order.
(3) The official receiver must consider every objection made to him
under this section.
(4) The official receiver may—
(a) as part of his consideration of an objection, or
(b) on his own initiative,
carry out an investigation of any matter that appears to the official
receiver to be relevant to the making of any decision mentioned insubsection (5) in relation to a debt relief order or the debtor.
(5) The decisions to which an investigation may be directed are—
(a) whether the order should be revoked or amended under
section 251L; 
(b) whether an application should be made to the court under
section 251M; or
(c) whether any other steps should be taken in relation to the
debtor.
(6) The power to carry out an investigation under this section is
exercisable after (as well as during) the moratorium relating to theorder.
(7) The official receiver may require any person to give him such
information and assistance as he may reasonably require inconnection with an inves tigation under this section.
(8) Subject to anything prescribed in the rules as to the procedure to be
followed in carrying out an investigation under this section, aninvestigation may be carried out by the official receiver in suchmanner as he thinks fit.
251L Power of official receiver to revoke or amend a debt relief order
(1) The official receiver may revoke or amend a debt relief order during
the applicable moratorium period in the circumstances provided forby this section.
(2) The official receiver may revoke the order on the ground that—
(a) any information supplied to him by the debtor—
(i) in, or in support of, the application, or
(ii) after the determination date,
was incomplete, incorrect or otherwise misleading;
(b) the debtor has failed to comply with a duty under section
251J;
(c) a bankruptcy order has been made in relation to the debtor;
or
(d) the debtor has made a proposal under Part 8 (or has notified
the official receiver of his intention to do so).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986274
(3) The official receiver may revoke the order on the ground that he
should not have been satisfied—
(a) that the debts specified in the order were qualifying debts of
the debtor as at the application date;
(b) that the conditions specified in Part 1 of Schedule 4ZA were
met;
(c) that the conditions specified in Part 2 of that Schedule were
met or that any failure to meet such a condition did notprevent his making the order.
(4) The official receiver may revoke the order on the ground that either
or both of the conditions in  paragraphs 7 and 8 of Schedule 4ZA
(monthly surplus income and property) are not met at any time afterthe order was made.
For this purpose those paragraphs are to be read as if references to
the determination date were references to the time in question.
(5) Where the official receiver decides to revoke the order, he may
revoke it either—
(a) with immediate effect, or
(b) with effect from such date (not more than three months after
the date of the decision) as he may specify.
(6) In considering when the revocation should take effect the official
receiver must consider (in the light of the grounds on which thedecision to revoke was made and all the other circumstances of thecase) whether the debtor ought to be given the opportunity to makearrangements for making payments towards his debts.
(7) If the order has been revoked with effect from a specified date the
official receiver may, if he thinks it appropriate to do so at any timebefore that date, revoke the order with immediate effect.
(8) The official receiver may amend a debt relief order for the purpose of
correcting an error in or omission from anything specified in theorder.
(9) But subsection (8) does not permit the official receiver to add any
debts that were not specified in the application for the debt relieforder to the list of qualifying debts.
(10) The rules may make further provision as to the procedure to be
followed by the official receiver in the exercise of his powers underthis section.
Role of the court
251M Powers of court in relation to debt relief orders
(1) Any person may make an application to the court if he is dissatisfied
by any act, omission or decision of the official receiver in connectionwith a debt relief order or an application for such an order.
(2) The official receiver may make an application to the court for
directions or an order in relation  to any matter arising in connection
with a debt relief order or an application for such an order.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986275
(3) The matters referred to in subsection (2) include, among other things,
matters relating to the debtor’s compliance with any duty arisingunder section 251J.
(4) An application under this section may, subject to anything in the
rules, be made at any time.
(5) The court may extend the moratorium period applicable to a debt
relief order for the purposes of determining an application under thissection.
(6) On an application under this section the court may dismiss the
application or do one or more of the following—
(a) quash the whole or part of any act or decision of the official
receiver;
(b) give the official receiver directions (including a direction that
he reconsider any matter in relation to which his act ordecision has been quashed under paragraph (a));
(c) make an order for the enforcement of any obligation on the
debtor arising by virtue of a duty under section 251J;
(d) extend the moratorium period applicable to the debt relief
order;
(e) make an order revoking or amending the debt relief order;
(f) make an order under section 251N; or
(g) make such other order as the court thinks fit.
(7) An order under subsection (6)(e) for the revocation of a debt relief
order—
(a) may be made during the moratorium period applicable to the
debt relief order or at any time after that period has ended;
(b) may be made on the court’s own motion if the court has made
a bankruptcy order in relation to the debtor during thatperiod;
(c) may provide for the revocation of the order to take effect on
such terms and at such a time as the court may specify.
(8) An order under subsection (6)(e) for the amendment of a debt relief
order may not add any debts that were not specified in theapplication for the debt relief order to the list of qualifying debts.
251N Inquiry into debtor’s dealings and property
(1) An order under this section may be made by the court on the
application of the official receiver.
(2) An order under this section is an order summoning any of the
following persons to appear before the court—
(a) the debtor;
(b) the debtor’s spouse or former spouse or the debtor’s civil
partner or former civil partner;
(c) any person appearing to the court to be able to give
information or assistance concerning the debtor or his
dealings, affairs and property.
(3) The court may require a person falling within subsection (2)(c)—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986276
(a) to provide a written account of his dealings with the debtor;
or
(b) to produce any documents in his possession or under his
control relating to the debtor or to the debtor’s dealings,affairs or property.
(4) Subsection (5) applies where a per son fails without reasonable
excuse to appear before the court when he is summoned to do so byan order under this section.
(5) The court may cause a warrant to be issued to a constable or
prescribed officer of the court—
(a) for the arrest of that person, and
(b) for the seizure of any records or other documents in that
person’s possession.
(6) The court may authorise a person arrested under such a warrant to
be kept in custody, and anything sei zed under such a warrant to be
held, in accordance with the rules, until that person is brought before
the court under the warrant or until such other time as the court mayorder.
Offences
251O False representations and omissions
(1) A person who makes an application for a debt relief order is guilty of
an offence if he knowingly or recklessly makes any falserepresentation or omission in making the application or providingany information or documents to the official receiver in support of
the application.
(2) A person who makes an application for a debt relief order is guilty of
an offence if—
(a) he intentionally fails to comply with a duty under section
251J(3) in connection with the application; or
(b) he knowingly or recklessly makes any false representation or
omission in providing any information to the official receiverin connection with such a du ty or otherwise  in connection
with the application.
(3) It is immaterial for the purposes of an offence under subsection (1) or
(2) whether or not a debt relief order is made as a result of theapplication.
(4) A person in respect of whom a debt relief order is made is guilty of
an offence if—
(a) he intentionally fails to comply with a duty under section
251J(5) in connection with the order; or
(b) he knowingly or recklessly makes any false representation or
omission in providing information  to the official receiver in
connection with such a duty or otherwise in connection withthe performance by the official receiver of functions inrelation to the order.
(5) It is immaterial for the purposes of an offence under subsection (4)—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986277
(a) whether the offence is committed during or after the
moratorium period; and
(b) whether or not the order is revoked after the conduct
constituting the offence takes place.
251P Concealment or falsification of documents
(1) A person in respect of whom a debt relief order is made is guilty of
an offence if, during the moratorium period in relation to thatorder—
(a) he does not provide, at the request of the official receiver, all
his books, papers and other records of which he haspossession or control and which relate to his affairs;
(b) he prevents the production to the official receiver of any
books, papers or other records relating to his affairs;
(c) he conceals, destroys, mutilates or falsifies, or causes or
permits the concealment, destruction, mutilation orfalsification of, any books, papers or other records relatinghis affairs;
(d) he makes, or causes or permits the making of, any false
entries in any book, document or record relating to his affairs;
or
(e) he disposes of, or alters or makes any omission in, or causes
or permits the disposal, altering or making of any omissionin, any book, document or record relating to his affairs.
(2) A person in respect of whom a debt relief order is made is guilty of
an offence if—
(a) he did anything falling within paragraphs (c) to (e) of
subsection (1) during the period of 12 months ending withthe application date; or
(b) he did anything falling within paragraphs (b) to (e) of
subsection (1) after that date but before the effective date.
(3) A person is not guilty of an offe nce under this section if he proves
that, in respect of the conduct constituting the offence, he had no
intent to defraud or to conceal the state of his affairs.
(4) In its application to a trading record subsection (2)(a) has effect as if
the reference to 12 months were a reference to two years.
(5) In subsection (4) “trading record” means a book, document or record
which shows or explains the transactions or financial position of aperson’s business, including—
(a) a periodic record of cash paid and received,
(b) a statement of periodic stock-taking, and
(c) except in the case of goods sold by way of retail trade, a
record of goods sold and purchased which identifies thebuyer and seller or enables them to be identified.
(6) It is immaterial for the purposes of an offence under this section
whether or not the debt relief order in question is revoked after theconduct constituting the offence takes place (but no offence iscommitted under this section by virtue of conduct occurring after theorder is revoked).Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986278
251Q Fraudulent disposal of property
(1) A person in respect of whom a debt relief order is made is guilty of
an offence if he made or caused to be made any gift or transfer of hisproperty during the period between—
(a) the start of the period of two years ending with the
application date; and
(b) the end of the moratorium period.
(2) The reference in subsection (1) to  making a transfer of any property
includes causing or conniving at the levying of any execution againstthat property.
(3) A person is not guilty of an offe nce under this section if he proves
that, in respect of the conduct constituting the offence, he had no
intent to defraud or to conceal the state of his affairs.
(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) a person is to be taken to have
proved that he had no such intent if—
(a) sufficient evidence is adduced to raise an issue as to whether
he had such intent; and
(b) the contrary is not proved beyond reasonable doubt.
(5) It is immaterial for the purposes of this section whether or not the
debt relief order in question is revoked after the conduct constitutingan offence takes place (but no offence is committed by virtue ofconduct occurring after the order is revoked).
251R Fraudulent dealing with property obtained on credit
(1) A person in respect of whom a debt relief order is made is guilty of
an offence if during the relevant period he disposed of any propertywhich he had obtained on credit and, at the time he disposed of it,had not paid for it.
(2) Any other person is guilty of an offence if during the relevant period
he acquired or received property from a person in respect of whoma debt relief order was made (the “debtor”) knowing or believing—
(a) that the debtor owed money in respect of the property, and
(b) that the debtor did not intend, or was unlikely to be able, to
pay the money he so owed.
(3) In subsections (1) and (2) “relevant period” means the period
between—
(a) the start of the period of two years ending with the
application date; and
(b) the determination date.
(4) A person is not guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) if the
disposal, acquisition or receipt of the property was in the ordinarycourse of a business carried on by the debtor at the time of thedisposal, acquisition or receipt.
(5) In determining for the purposes of subsection (4) whether any
property is disposed of, acquired or received in the ordinary courseof a business carried on by the debtor, regard may be had, in
particular, to the price paid for the property.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986279
(6) A person is not guilty of an offence under subsection (1) if he proves
that, in respect of the conduct constituting the offence, he had no
intent to defraud or to conceal the state of his affairs.
(7) In this section references to disposing of property include pawning
or pledging it; and references to acquiring or receiving property shallbe read accordingly.
(8) It is immaterial for the purposes of this section whether or not the
debt relief order in question is revoked after the conduct constitutingan offence takes place (but no offence is committed by virtue ofconduct occurring after the order is revoked).
251S Obtaining credit or engaging in business
(1) A person in respect of whom a debt relief order is made is guilty of
an offence if, during the relevant period—
(a) he obtains credit (either alone or jointly with any other
person) without giving the person from whom he obtains thecredit the relevant information about his status; or
(b) he engages directly or indirectly in any business under a
name other than that in which the order was made withoutdisclosing to all persons with whom he enters into anybusiness transaction the name in which the order was made.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) the relevant information about
a person’s status is the information that—
(a) a moratorium is in force in relation to the debt relief order, 
(b) a debt relief restrictions order is in force in respect of him, or
(c) both a moratorium and a debt relief restrictions order is in
force,
as the case may be.
(3) In subsection (1) “relevant period” means—
(a) the moratorium period relating to the debt relief order, or
(b) the period for which a debt relief restrictions order is in force
in respect of the person in respect of whom the debt relieforder is made,
as the case may be.
(4) Subsection (1)(a) does not apply if the amount of the credit is less
than the prescribed amount (if any).
(5) The reference in subsection (1)(a) to a person obtaining credit
includes the following cases—
(a) where goods are bailed to him under a hire-purchase
agreement, or agreed to be sold to him under a conditionalsale agreement;
(b) where he is paid in advance (in money or otherwise) for the
supply of goods or services.
251T Offences: supplementary
(1) Proceedings for an offence under this Part may only be instituted by
the Secretary of State or by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986280
(2) It is not a defence in proceedings for an offence under this Part that
anything relied on, in whole or in part, as constituting the offencewas done outside England and Wales.
(3) A person guilty of an offence under this Part is liable to
imprisonment or a fine, or both (but see section 430).
Supplementary
251U Approved intermediaries
(1) In this Part “approved intermediary” means an individual for the
time being approved by a competent authority to act as anintermediary between a person wishing to make an application for adebt relief order and the official receiver.
(2) In this section “competent authority” means a person or body for the
time being designated by the Secretary of State for the purposes ofgranting approvals under this section.
(3) Designation as a competent authority may be limited so as to permit
the authority only to approve persons of a particular description.
(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision as to—
(a) the procedure for designating persons or bodies as
competent authorities;
(b) descriptions of individuals who are ineligible to be approved
under this section;
(c) the procedure for granting approvals under this section;
(d) the withdrawal of designations or approvals under this
section;
and provision made under paragraph (a) or (c) may include
provision requiring the payment of fees.
(5) The rules may make provision about the activities to be carried out
by an approved intermediary in connection with an application for adebt relief order, which may in particular include—
(a) assisting the debtor in making the application;
(b) checking that the application has been properly completed;
(c) sending the application to the official receiver.
(6) The rules may also make provision about other activities to be
carried out by approved intermediaries.
(7) An approved intermediary may not charge a debtor any fee in
connection with an application for a debt relief order.
(8) An approved intermediary is not liable to any person in damages for
anything done or omitted to be done when acting (or purporting toact) as an approved intermediary in connection with a particularapplication by a debtor for a debt relief order.
(9) Subsection (8) does not apply if the act or omission was in bad faith.
(10) Regulations under subsection (4) shall be made by statutory
instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution ofeither House of Parliament.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 17 — Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986281
251V Debt relief restrictions orders and undertakings
 Schedule 4ZB (which makes provision about debt relief restrictions
orders and debt relief restrictions undertakings) has effect.
251W Register of debt relief orders etc
The Secretary of State must maintain a register of matters relating to—
(a) debt relief orders;
(b) debt relief restrictions orders; and
(c) debt relief restrictions undertakings.
251X Interpretation
(1) In this Part—
“the application date”, in relation to a debt relief order or an
application for a debt relief order, means the date on whichthe application for the order is made to the official receiver;
“approved intermediary” has th e meaning given in section
251U(1);
“debt relief order” means an order made by the official receiver
under this Part;
“debtor” means—
(a) in relation to an application for a debt relief order, the
applicant; and
(b) in relation to a debt relief order, the person in relation
to whom the order is made;
“debt relief restrictions order” and “debt relief restrictions
undertaking” means an order made, or an undertakingaccepted, under Schedule 4ZB;
“the determination date”, in relation to a debt relief order or an
application for a debt relief order, means the date on whichthe application for the order is determined by the officialreceiver;
“the effective date” has the meaning given in section 251E(7);“excluded debt” is to be construed in accordance with section
251A;
“moratorium” and “moratorium period” are to be construed in
accordance with sections 251G and 251H;
“qualifying debt”, in relation to a debtor, has the meaning given
in section 251A(2);
“the register” means the register maintained under section
251W;
“specified qualifying debt” has the meaning given in section
251G(1).
(2) In this Part references to a creditor specified in a debt relief order as
the person to whom a qualifying debt is owed by the debtor includea reference to any person to whom the right to claim the whole or anypart of the debt has passed, by assignment or operation of law, afterthe date of the application for the order.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 18 — Schedule 4ZA to the Insolvency Act 1986282
SCHEDULE 18 Section 108(2)
SCHEDULE  4ZA TO THE INSOLVENCY  ACT 1986
“SCHEDULE 4ZA
 CONDITIONS  FOR MAKING  A DEBT  RELIEF  ORDER
PART 1
CONDITIONS  WHICH  MUST  BE MET
Connection with England and Wales
1 (1) The debtor—
(a) is domiciled in England and Wales on the application date;
or
(b) at any time during the period of three years ending with
that date—
(i) was ordinarily resident, or had a place of residence,
in England and Wales; or
(ii) carried on business in England and Wales.
(2) The reference in sub-paragraph (1)(b)(ii) to the debtor carrying on
business includes—
(a) the carrying on of business by a firm or partnership of
which he is a member;
(b) the carrying on of business by an agent or manager for him
or for such a firm or partnership.
Debtor’s previous insolvency history
2 The debtor is not, on the determination date—
(a) an undischarged bankrupt;
(b) subject to an interim order or voluntary arrangement
under Part 8; or
(c) subject to a bankruptcy restrictions order or a debt relief
restrictions order.
3 A debtor’s petition for the debtor’s bankruptcy under Part 9—
(a) has not been presented by the debtor before the
determination date;
(b) has been so presented, but proceedings on the petition
have been finally disposed of before that date; or
(c) has been so presented and proceedings in relation to the
petition remain before the court at that date, but the courthas referred the debtor under section 274A(2) for thepurposes of making an application for a debt relief order.
4 A creditor’s petition for the debtor’s bankruptcy under Part 9—
(a) has not been presented against the debtor at any time
before the determination date;
(b) has been so presented, but proceedings on the petition
have been finally disposed of before that date; orTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 18 — Schedule 4ZA to the Insolvency Act 1986283
(c) has been so presented and proceedings in relation to the
petition remain before the court at that date, but the personwho presented the petition has consented to the making ofan application for a debt relief order.
5 A debt relief order has not been made in relation to the debtor in
the period of six years ending with the determination date.
Limit on debtor’s overall indebtedness 
6 (1) The total amount of the debtor’s debts on the determination date,
other than unliquidated debts and excluded debts, does notexceed the prescribed amount.
(2) For this purpose an unliquidated debt is a debt that is not for a
liquidated sum payable to a creditor either immediately or at somefuture certain time.
Limit on debtor’s monthly surplus income
7 (1) The debtor’s monthly surplus income (if any) on the
determination date does not exceed the prescribed amount.
(2) For this purpose “monthly surplus income” is the amount by
which a person’s monthly income exceeds the amount necessaryfor the reasonable domestic needs of himself and his family.
(3) The rules may—
(a) make provision as to how the debtor’s monthly surplus
income is to be determined;
(b) provide that particular descriptions of income are to be
excluded for the purposes of this paragraph.
Limit on value of debtor’s property
8 (1) The total value of the debtor’s property on the determination date
does not exceed the prescribed amount.
(2) The rules may—
(a) make provision as to how the value of a person’s property
is to be determined;
(b) provide that particular descriptions of property are to be
excluded for the purposes of this paragraph.
P
ART 2
OTHER  CONDITIONS
9 (1) The debtor has not entered into a transaction with any person at
an undervalue during the period between—
(a) the start of the period of two years ending with the
application date; and
(b) the determination date.
(2) For this purpose a debtor enters into a transaction with a person at
an undervalue if—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 18 — Schedule 4ZA to the Insolvency Act 1986284
(a) he makes a gift to that person or he otherwise enters into a
transaction with that person on terms that provide for himto receive no consideration;
(b) he enters into a transaction with that person in
consideration of marriage or the formation of a civilpartnership; or
(c) he enters into a transaction with that person for a
consideration the value of which, in money or money’sworth, is significantly less than the value, in money or
money’s worth, of the consideration provided by theindividual.
10 (1) The debtor has not given a preference to any person during the
period between—
(a) the start of the period of two years ending with the
application date; and
(b) the determination date.
(2) For this purpose a debtor gives a preference to a person if—
(a) that person is one of the debtor’s creditors to whom a
qualifying debt is owed or is a surety or guarantor for anysuch debt, and
(b) the debtor does anything or suffers anything to be done
which (in either case) has the effect of putting that person
into a position which, in the event that a debt relief order ismade in relation to the debtor, will be better than theposition he would have been in if that thing had not beendone.”
SCHEDULE 19
Section 108(2)
SCHEDULE  4ZB TO THE INSOLVENCY  ACT 1986
“SCHEDULE 4ZB
DEBT RELIEF  RESTRICTIONS  ORDERS  AND  UNDERTAKINGS
Debt relief restrictions order
1 (1) A debt relief restrictions order may be made by the court in
relation to a person in respect of whom a debt relief order has beenmade.
(2) An order may be made only on the application of—
(a) the Secretary of State, or
(b) the official receiver acting on a direction of the Secretary of
State.
Grounds for making order
2 (1) The court shall grant an application for a debt relief restrictions
order if it thinks it appropr iate to do so having regard to theTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 19 — Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986285
conduct of the debtor (whether before or after the making of the
debt relief order).
(2) The court shall, in particular, take into account any of the
following kinds of behaviour on the part of the debtor—
(a) failing to keep records which account for a loss of property
by the debtor, or by a business carried on by him, wherethe loss occurred in the period beginning two years beforethe application date for the debt relief order and endingwith the date of the application for the debt reliefrestrictions order;
(b) failing to produce records of that kind on demand by the
official receiver;
(c) entering into a transaction at an undervalue in the period
beginning two years before the application date for thedebt relief order and ending with the date of thedetermination of that application;
(d) giving a preference in the period beginning two years
before the application date for the debt relief order andending with the date of the determination of thatapplication;
(e) making an excessive pension contribution;
(f) a failure to supply goods or services that were wholly or
partly paid for;
(g) trading at a time, before the date of the determination of
the application for the debt relief order, when the debtorknew or ought to have known that he was himself to beunable to pay his debts;
(h) incurring, before the date of the determination of the
application for the debt relief order, a debt which thedebtor had no reasonable expectation of being able to pay;
(i) failing to account satisfactorily to the court or the official
receiver for a loss of property or for an insufficiency ofproperty to meet his debts;
(j) carrying on any gambling, rash and hazardous speculation
or unreasonable extravagance which may have materiallycontributed to or increased the extent of his inability to payhis debts before the application date for the debt relieforder or which took place between that date and the dateof the determination of the application for the debt relieforder;
(k) neglect of business affair s of a kind which may have
materially contributed to or increased the extent of hisinability to pay his debts;
(l) fraud or fraudulent breach of trust;
(m) failing to co-operate with the official receiver.
(3) The court shall also, in particular, consider whether the debtor was
an undischarged bankrupt at some time during the period of sixyears ending with the date of the application for the debt relieforder.
(4) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)—Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 19 — Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986286
“excessive pension contribution” shall be construed in
accordance with section 342A;
“preference” shall be construed in accordance with
paragraph 10(2) of Schedule 4ZA;
“undervalue” shall be construed in accordance with
paragraph 9(2) of that Schedule.
Timing of application for order
3 An application for a debt relief restrictions order in respect of a
debtor may be made—
(a) at any time during the moratorium period relating to the
debt relief order in question, or
(b) after the end of that period, but only with the permission
of the court.
Duration of order
4 (1) A debt relief restrictions order—
(a) comes into force when it is made, and
(b) ceases to have effect at the end of a date specified in the
order.
(2) The date specified in a debt relief restrictions order under sub-
paragraph (1)(b) must not be—
(a) before the end of the period of two years beginning with
the date on which the order is made, or
(b) after the end of the period of 15 years beginning with that
date.
Interim debt relief restrictions order
5 (1) This paragraph applies at any time between—
(a) the institution of an applic ation for a debt relief restrictions
order, and
(b) the determination of the application.
(2) The court may make an interim debt relief restrictions order if the
court thinks that—
(a) there are prima facie grounds to suggest that the
application for the debt relief restrictions order will besuccessful, and
(b) it is in the public interest to make an interim debt relief
restrictions order.
(3) An interim debt relief restric tions order may only be made on the
application of—
(a) the Secretary of State, or
(b) the official receiver acting on a direction of the Secretary of
State.
(4) An interim debt relief restrictions order—
(a) has the same effect as a debt relief restrictions order, and
(b) comes into force when it is made.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 19 — Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986287
(5) An interim debt relief restrictions order ceases to have effect—
(a) on the determination of the application for the debt relief
restrictions order,
(b) on the acceptance of a debt relief restrictions undertaking
made by the debtor, or
(c) if the court discharges the interim debt relief restrictions
order on the application of the person who applied for it orof the debtor.
6 (1) This paragraph applies to a cas e in which both an interim debt
relief restrictions order and a debt relief restrictions order aremade.
(2) Paragraph 4(2) has effect in relation to the debt relief restrictions
order as if a reference to the date of that order were a reference tothe date of the interim debt relief restrictions order.
Debt relief restrictions undertaking
7 (1) A debtor may offer a debt relief restrictions undertaking to the
Secretary of State.
(2) In determining whether to accept a debt relief restrictions
undertaking the Secretary of State shall have regard to the mattersspecified in paragraph 2(2) and (3).
8 A reference in an enactment to a person in respect of whom a debt
relief restrictions order has effect (or who is “the subject of” a debtrelief restrictions order) includes a reference to a person in respectof whom a debt relief restrictions undertaking has effect.
9 (1) A debt relief restrictions undertaking—
(a) comes into force on being accepted by the Secretary of
State, and
(b) ceases to have effect at the end of a date specified in the
undertaking.
(2) The date specified under sub-paragraph (1)(b) must not be—
(a) before the end of the period of two years beginning with
the date on which the undertaking is accepted, or
(b) after the end of the period of 15 years beginning with that
date.
(3) On an application by the debtor the court may—
(a) annul a debt relief restrictions undertaking;
(b) provide for a debt relief restrictions undertaking to cease to
have effect before the date specified under sub-paragraph(1)(b).
Effect of revocation of debt relief order
10 Unless the court directs otherwise, the revocation at any time of a
debt relief order does not —
(a) affect the validity of any debt relief restrictions order,
interim debt relief restrictions order or debt reliefTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 19 — Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986288
restrictions undertaking which is in force in respect of the
debtor;
(b) prevent the determination of any application for a debt
relief restrictions order, or an interim debt reliefrestrictions order, in relation to the debtor that wasinstituted before that time;
(c) prevent the acceptance of a debt relief restrictions
undertaking that was offered before that time; or
(d) prevent the institution of an application for a debt relief
restrictions order or interim debt relief restrictions order inrespect of the debtor, or the offer or acceptance of a debtrelief restrictions undertaking by the debtor, after thattime.”
SCHEDULE 20
Section 108(3)
DEBT RELIEF  ORDERS : CONSEQUENTIAL  AMENDMENTS
PART 1
AMENDMENTS  TO THE INSOLVENCY  ACT 1986
1 The Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45) is amended as follows.
2 (1) In section 31 (disqualification  of bankrupt) in subsection (1)—
(a) at the end of paragraph (a) (before “or”) insert—
“(aa) a moratorium period under a debt relief order applies
in relation to him,”;
(b) in paragraph (b) after “order” insert “or a debt relief restrictions
order”.
(2) In the heading to that section after “ bankrupt ” insert “ or person in respect
of whom a debt relief order is made ”.
3 After section 274 insert—
“274A Debtor who meets conditions for a debt relief order
(1) This section applies where, on the hearing of a debtor’s petition—
(a) it appears to the court that a debt relief order would be made
in relation to the debtor if, instead of presenting the petition,he had made an application under Part 7A; and
(b) the court does not appoint an insolvency practitioner under
section 273.
(2) If the court thinks it would be in the debtor’s interests to apply for a
debt relief order instead of proceeding on the petition, the court mayrefer the debtor to an approved intermediary (within the meaning ofPart 7A) for the purposes of making an application for a debt relieforder.
(3) Where a reference is made under subsection (2) the court shall stay
proceedings on the petition on such terms and conditions as it thinksTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 20 — Debt relief orders: consequential amendments
Part 1 — Amendments to the Insolvency Act 1986289
fit; but if following the reference a debt relief order is made in
relation to the debtor the court shall dismiss the petition.”
4 In section 384(2) (meaning of prescribed amount)—
(a) at the beginning of the list of provisions insert “section 251S(4);”;
(b) in the list omit “and” after “section 361(2);” and
(c) at the end of the list insert “paragraphs 6 to 8 of Schedule 4ZA,”.
5 (1) Section 385(1) (definitions) is amended as follows.
(2) In the definition of “the debtor”, before paragraph (a) insert—
“(za) in relation to a debt relief order or an application for such an
order, has the same meaning as in Part 7A,”.
(3) After the definition of “debtor’s petition” insert—
““debt relief order” means an order made by the official receiver
under Part 7A;”.
6 (1) Section 390 (persons not qualified to act as insolvency practitioners) is
amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (4) after  paragraph (a) insert—
“(aa) a moratorium period under a debt relief order applies in
relation of him,”.
(3) In subsection (5) after “order” i nsert “or a debt relief restrictions order”.
7 (1) Section 399 (appointment etc of official receivers) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) for “or individual voluntary arrangement” (in both places)
substitute “, individual voluntary arrangement, debt relief order orapplication for such an order”.
(3) In subsection (4) for “or individual voluntary arrangement” substitute “,
individual voluntary arrangement, debt relief order or application for suchan order”.
8 In section 412(1) (individual insolvency rules) for “Parts VIII to XI”
substitute “Parts 7A to 11”.
9 (1) Section 415 (fees orders) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) before paragraph (a) insert—
“(za) the costs of persons acting as approved intermediaries under
Part 7A,”.
(3) In that subsection in paragraph (a) for “Parts VIII to XI” substitute “Parts 7A
to 11”.
10 In section 415A (fees orders: general), before subsection (1) insert—
“(A1) The Secretary of State—
(a) may by order require a person or body to pay a fee in
connection with the grant or maintena nce of a designation of
that person or body as a competent authority under section251U, and
(b) may refuse to grant, or may withdraw, any such designation
where a fee is not paid.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 20 — Debt relief orders: consequential amendments
Part 1 — Amendments to the Insolvency Act 1986290
11 In section 418(1) (monetary limits)—
(a) at the beginning of the list of provisions insert—
“section 251S(4) (maximum amount of credit which a
person in respect of whom a debt relief order is mademay obtain without disclosure of his status);”;
(b) at the end of the list of provisions insert—
“paragraphs 6 to 8 of Schedule 4ZA (maximum amount
of a person’s debts, monthly surplus income andproperty for purposes of obtaining a debt relieforder);”.
12 (1) Section 426A (disqualification from Parliament) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) after “bankruptcy restrictions order” insert “or a debt relief
restrictions order”.
(3) In subsection (5) after “interim order” insert “, or a debt relief restrictions
order or an interim debt relief restrictions order,”.
(4) In subsection (6) after “bankruptcy restrictions undertaking” insert “or a
debt relief restrictions undertaking”.
13 (1) Section 426B (devolution) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) after “Wales,” insert “or makes a debt relief restrictions
order or interim debt relief restrictions order in respect of such a member,”.
(3) In subsection (2) after “bankruptcy restrictions undertaking” insert “or a
debt relief restrictions undertaking”.
14 (1) Schedule 9 is amended as follows.
(2) In paragraph 1 for “Parts VIII to XI” substitute “Parts 7A to 11”.
(3) In paragraph 5 for “Parts VIII to XI” substitute “Parts 7A to 11”. 
(4) In paragraph 6 for “Parts VIII to XI” substitute “Parts 7A to 11”.
(5) After paragraph 7 insert—
“Debt relief orders
7A Provision as to the manner in wh ich the official receiver is to carry
out his functions under Part 7A.
7B Provision as to the manner in which any requirement that may be
imposed by the official receiver on a person under Part 7A is totake effect.
7C Provision modifying the application of  Part 7A in relation to an
individual who has died at a time when a moratorium periodunder a debt relief order applies in relation to him.
Debt relief restrictions orders and undertakings
7D Provision about debt relief restrictions orders, interim orders and
undertakings, including provision about evidence.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 20 — Debt relief orders: consequential amendments
Part 1 — Amendments to the Insolvency Act 1986291
Register of debt relief orders and debt relief restrictions orders etc
7E Provision about the register required to be maintained by section
251W and the information to be contained in it, includingprovision—
(a) enabling the amalgamation of the register with another
register;
(b) enabling inspection of the register by the public.”
15 (1) The Table in Schedule 10 (punishment of offences) is amended as follows.
(2) In the entry relating to section 31, in the column describing the general
nature of the offence, after “bankrupt” insert “or person in respect of whoma debt relief order is made”.
(3) Insert the following entries after the entry relating to section 235(5)—
“251O(1) False 
representations or 
omissions in making an 
application for a 
debt relief order.1. On 
indictment
2. Summary7 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the statutory 
maximum, or 
both. 
251O(2)(a) Failing to comply 
with duty in 
connection with an 
application for a debt relief order.1. On 
indictment
2. 
Summary2 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the 
statutory maximum, or 
both. 
251O(2)(b) False 
representations or 
omissions in connection with 
duty in relation to 
an application for a debt relief order. 1. On 
indictment
2. Summary7 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the statutory 
maximum, or 
both. 
251O(4)(a) Failing to comply 
with duty in 
connection with a 
debt relief order.1. On 
indictment
2. 
Summary2 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the 
statutory maximum, or 
both. 
251O(4)(b) False 
representations or 
omissions in connection with a 
duty in relation to 
a debt relief order.1. On 
indictment
2. Summary7 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the statutory 
maximum, or 
both. Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 20 — Debt relief orders: consequential amendments
Part 1 — Amendments to the Insolvency Act 1986292
251P(1) Failing to deliver 
books, records and papers to official 
receiver, 
concealing or destroying them 
or making false 
entries in them by person in respect 
of whom a debt 
relief order is made.1. On 
indictment2. 
Summary7 years or a fine, 
or both.12 months or the 
statutory 
maximum, or both.
251P(2) Person in respect 
of whom debt 
relief order is 
made doing anything falling 
within paragraphs 
(c) to (e) of section 251P(1) during the 
period of 12 
months ending with the 
application date or 
doing anything falling within 
paragraphs (b) to 
(e) of section 
251P(1) after that 
date but before the effective date.1. On 
indictment
2. 
Summary7 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the 
statutory maximum, or 
both.
251Q(1) Fraudulent 
disposal of 
property by 
person in respect of whom a debt 
relief order is 
made.1. On 
indictment
2. 
Summary2 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the 
statutory maximum, or 
both.
251R(1) Disposal of 
property that is not paid for by 
person in respect 
of whom a debt relief order is 
made.1. On 
indictment2. 
Summary7 years or a fine, 
or both.12 months or the 
statutory 
maximum, or both.
251R(2) Obtaining 
property in respect 
of which money is owed by a person 
in respect of whom 
a debt relief order is made.1. On 
indictment
2. Summary7 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the statutory 
maximum, or 
both.
251S(1) Person in respect 
of whom a debt 
relief order is 
made obtaining credit or engaging 
in business 
without disclosing his status or name.1. On 
indictment
2. 
Summary2 years or a fine, 
or both.
12 months or the 
statutory maximum, or 
both.”Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 20 — Debt relief orders: consequential amendments
Part 1 — Amendments to the Insolvency Act 1986293
(4) In the application of those entries in relation to offences committed before
the commencement of section 154(1) of  the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)
(limit on magistrates’ court powers to impose imprisonment), the referencesin the fourth column to “12 months” are to be read as references to “6months”.
P
ART 2
AMENDMENTS  TO OTHER  LEGISLATION
16 (1) Section 11(1) of the Company Di rectors Disqualification Act 1986 (c. 46)
(undischarged bankrupts) (as substituted in relation to England and Walesby the Enterprise Act 2002 (c. 40)) is amended as follows.
(2) At the end of paragraph (a) (before “or”) insert—
“(aa) a moratorium period under a debt relief order applies in
relation to him,”.
(3) In paragraph (b) after “bankruptcy restrictions order” insert “or a debt relief
restrictions order”.
17 In section 183(2) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (c. 18) (insolvency of an
employer who is individual), in paragraph (a) before sub-paragraph (i)insert—
“(ai) a moratorium period under a debt relief order applies
in relation to him,”.
SCHEDULE 21
Sections 111 and 113
REGULATIONS  UNDER  SECTIONS  111 AND  113
1 The first column of this table lists the matters referred to in sections 111(3)
and 113(5).
2 A matter listed in the first column includes the aspects set out in the
appropriate part of the second column.
Matter about which
particular provision may be made:Including these aspects:
1. The scheme operator. (a) The constitution of the scheme operator.
(b) The governance of the scheme operator.(c) The size of the scheme operator’s
undertaking.
(d) The financial standing of the scheme
operator.
(e) Whether or not a scheme operator is a
profit-making organisation.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 21 — Regulations under sections 111 and 113294
2. The terms of a debt
management scheme.(a) The non-business debtors to whom the
scheme is open.
(b) The kinds of debts which may be specified
in a plan arranged in accordance with thescheme.
3. The operation of a debt
management scheme.(a) How decisions are made about whether
debt repayment plans are to be arranged.
(b) How debt repayment plans are arranged.(c) How decisions are made about the terms
of debt repayment plans, includingdecisions about—
(i) what payments will be required in
relation to the specified debts;
(ii) the amounts, times and recipients
of payments;
(iii) the duration of the plan.
(d) The format of debt repayment plans.(e) When debt repayment plans begin to have
effect.
(f) How changes are to be made to debt
repayment plans (including thespecification of debts after a plan has beenarranged).
(g) How decisions are made about whether
debt repayment plans are to be terminated.
(h) How debt repayment plans are
terminated.
4. Changes that affect the
scheme operator.
5. Changes to—
(i) the terms of a debt
managementscheme;
(ii) the operation of a
debt managementscheme.(a) Whether changes may be made.
(b) How changes are made.
6. The transfer of the
operation of a debtmanagement scheme toanother body.(a) Whether the operation of the scheme may
be transferred.
(b) How the operation of the scheme is
transferred.Matter about which
particular provision may be made:Including these aspects:Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 22 — Compulsory purchase: consequential amendments295
SCHEDULE 22 Section 139
COMPULSORY  PURCHASE : CONSEQUENTIAL  AMENDMENTS
Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 (c. 57)
1 In Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions)
Act 1976 (compulsory purchase of rights: adaptation of 1965 Act), inparagraph 9 for “sheriff’s warrant” substitute “enforcement officer’s orsheriff’s warrant”.
Local Government, Planning and Land Act 1980 (c. 65)
2 In Part 4 of Schedule 28 to the Loca l Government, Planning and Land Act
1980 (acquisition of rights), in paragraph 23(4) for “sheriff’s warrant”substitute “enforcement officer’s or sheriff’s warrant”.
Highways Act 1980 (c. 66)
3 In Part 2 of Schedule 19 to the Highways Act 1980 (compulsory acquisition
of rights: adaptation of 1965 Act), in paragraph 9 for “sheriff’s warrant”substitute “enforcement officer’s or sheriff’s warrant”.
Gas Act 1986 (c. 44)
4 In Part 2 of Schedule 3 to the Gas Act 1986 (compulsory acquisition of land
and rights: procedure etc), in paragraph 10 for “sheriff’s warrant” substitute“enforcement officer’s or sheriff’s warrant”.
Channel Tunnel Act 1987 (c. 53)
5 In Part 3 of Schedule 5 to the Chan nel Tunnel Act 1987 (supplementary
provisions as to acquisition of land), in paragraph 8(d) for “sheriff’s
warrant” substitute “enforcement officer’s or sheriff’s warrant”.
Housing Act 1988 (c. 50)
6 In Part 3 of Schedule 10 to the Housing Act 1988 (acquisition of rights), in
paragraph 23(2), for “sheriff’s warrant” substitute “enforcement officer’s orsheriff’s warrant”.
Electricity Act 1989 (c. 29)
7 In Part 2 of Schedule 3 to the Electricity Act 1989 (compulsory acquisition of
land and rights: procedure etc), in paragraph 11 for “sheriff’s warrant”substitute “enforcement officer’s or sheriff’s warrant”.Matter about which
particular provision may be made:Including these aspects:Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 22 — Compulsory purchase: consequential amendments296
Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993 (c. 28)
8 In Part 3 of Schedule 20 to the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban
Development Act 1993 (acquisition of rights), in paragraph 23(2) for“sheriff’s warrant” substitute “enforcement officer’s or sheriff’s warrant”.
Channel Tunnel Rail Link Act 1996 (c. 61)
9 In Part 3 of Schedule 4 to the Channel Tunnel Rail Link Act 1996
(supplementary provisions as to acquisition of land), in paragraph 9(5), for“sheriff’s warrant” there is substituted “enforcement officer’s or sheriff’swarrant”.
Regional Development Agencies Act 1998 (c. 45)
10 In Part 2 of Schedule 5 to the Regional Development Agencies Act 1998
(acquisition of rights), in paragraph 5(2), for “sheriff’s warrant” there issubstituted “enforcement officer’s or sheriff’s warrant”.
Postal Services Act 2000 (c. 26)
11 In Part 2 of Schedule 5 to the Postal Servic es Act 2000 (acquisition of land and
rights: procedure etc), in paragraph 10, for “sheriff’s warrant” there issubstituted “enforcement officer’s or sheriff’s warrant”.
SCHEDULE 23
Section 146
REPEALS
PART 1
TRIBUNALS  AND  INQUIRIES
Reference Extent of repeal or revocation
Taxes Management Act 1970
(c. 9)Sections 2 to 3A.
In section 5(1), the words “General
Commissioner or”.
In section 6—
(a) in subsection (1), the words “a General
Commissioner or” and the words “, orbefore a General Commissioner”, and
(b) subsection (2).
In section 56(3), the words “the clerk to”.
Section 115(4).
Superannuation Act 1972 (c. 11) In Schedule 6, paragraph 77.
Finance Act 1972 (c. 41) Section 130.
Consumer Credit Act 1974
(c. 39)In Schedule A1, paragraph 11.Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 23 — Repeals
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries297
House of Commons
Disqualification Act 1975(c. 24)In Schedule 1, in Part 2—
(a) the entry relating to the Council on
Tribunals, and
(b) the entry relating to the Scottish
Committee of the Council on Tribunals.
Northern Ireland Assembly
Disqualification Act 1975(c. 25)In Schedule 1, in Part 2—
(a) the entry relating to the Council on
Tribunals, and
(b) the entry relating to the Scottish
Committee of the Council on Tribunals.
Race Relations Act 1976 (c. 74) In Schedule 1A, in Part 2, the entry relating to
the Council on Tribunals.
Estate Agents Act 1979 (c. 38) Section 24(2).Finance Act 1988 (c. 39) Section 134(1).
Food Safety Act 1990 (c. 16) In section 26(2)—
(a) in paragraph (e), the words “or to a
tribunal constituted in accordance withthe regulations,” and
(b) paragraph (f).
Section 37(2)(a).
Section 47.
Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48) In section 75(1), paragraph (a).
In Schedule 16, paragraph 2.
Tribunals and Inquiries Act
1992 (c. 53)Sections 1 to 5, 6(1) to (3), (6) and (7) and 8.
In section 13—
(a) subsection (2), and
(b) in subsection (5)(c), the words “the
reference in section 8(1) to the ForeignCompensation Commission and”.
Section 14(1A).
In section 16(1), in th e definition of “decision”,
“procedural rules” and “working”, the words“, “procedural rules” and “working””.
In Schedule 1, paragraph 19.
Judicial Pensions and
Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8)In section 1(1), the word “and” at the end of
paragraph (c).
Section 12(1)(b).
Employment Tribunals Act
1996 (c. 17)Section 26.
In section 27(1)—
(a) in paragraph (b), the word “and” at the
end,
(b) paragraph (c), and
(c) the words after “persons within
paragraph (a) or (b)”.
Social Security Act 1998 (c. 14) In Schedule 7, in paragraph 118(1), “subsection
(3) of” and the words after “1992”.Reference Extent of repeal or revocationTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 23 — Repeals
Part 1 — Tribunals and Inquiries298
Social Security Contributions
(Transfer of Functions, Etc.)Act 1999 (c. 2)In Schedule 7, paragraph 1.
Access to Justice Act 1999 (c. 22) Sections 101 to 103.
Social Security Contributions
(Transfer of Functions, etc.)(Northern Ireland) Order1999 (S.I. 1999/671)In Schedule 6, in paragraph 1, the words
“section 2(1) (appointment of GeneralCommissioners),”.
Scotland Act 1998 (Cross-
Border Public Authorities)(Adaptation of Functions etc)Order 1999 (S.I. 1999/1747)Schedule 9.
Scotland Act 1998 (Transfer of
Functions to the ScottishMinisters etc.) Order 1999(S.I. 1999/1750)In Schedule 1, the entry in respect of sections
2(3), 2(6) and 3(4) of the Taxes ManagementAct 1970.
Freedom of Information Act
2000 (c. 36)In Schedule 1, in Part 6, the entry relating to the
Council on Tribunals and the entry relating tothe Scottish Committee of the Council onTribunals.
Financial Services and Markets
Act 2000 (ConsequentialAmendments and Repeals)Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/3649)Article 335(3).
Justice (Northern Ireland) Act
2002 (c. 26)In each of Schedules 1 and 6, the entry relating
to the panel of persons appointed undersection 6(1) of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act1992 to act as chairmen of tribunals that sit inNorthern Ireland.
Nationality, Immigration and
Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41)In Schedule 4, paragraphs 9 and 10(b) and (c).
Scottish Public Services
Ombudsman Act 2002(Consequential Provisionsand Modifications) Order2004 (S.I. 2004/1823)Article 14.
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
(c. 4)In Schedule 4, paragraph 64.
In Schedule 5, in the amendment made by
paragraph 122(5), and in the amendmentmade by paragraph 126(5), the entry relatingto the panel of persons appointed undersection 6(1) of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act1992 to act as chairmen of tribunals that sit inNorthern Ireland.Reference Extent of repeal or revocationTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 23 — Repeals
Part 2 — Judicial appointments299
PART 2
JUDICIAL  APPOINTMENTSConstitutional Reform Act 2005
(c. 4)— cont.In Schedule 7, in Part A of the list in paragraph
4—
(a) the entry for section 6(2), (8) and (9) of
the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992,and
(b) the entry for paragraph 7(4) of Schedule
5 to that Act.
In Schedule 12, in paragraph 4(4)(a), the words
“or no other except that of GeneralCommissioner,”.
In Schedule 14, in Part 2, the entry relating to
General Commissioner for a division inEngland and Wales.
In Schedule 14, in Part 3, the entry relating to
members of panels appointed under section6(1) of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992.
Tribunals, Courts and
Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)In section 36(3)(a), the words “or 41(2)”.
In Schedule 8, paragraph 26.
Reference Extent of repeal
Courts and Legal Services Act
1990 (c. 41)In Schedule 10—
(a) paragraph 4,
(b) in paragraph 6(1), the words “paragraph
13(1) of” and the words after “1947”, and
(c) paragraphs 24, 26, 32, 49, 50(2)(b) and 57.
Judicial Pensions and
Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8)In Schedule 5—
(a) in the entry for a deputy district judge
appointed under section 102 of theSupreme Court Act 1981, the words “fora district registry”, and
(b) in the entry for a deputy district judge
appointed under section 8 of the CountyCourts Act 1984, the words “for a countycourt district”.
Child Support Act 1991 (c. 48) In section 54, the definition of “general
qualification”.
Social Security Act 1998 (c. 14) In Schedule 4, paragraph 1(3).Enterprise Act 2002 (c. 40) In Schedule 2, paragraph 1(4).
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
(c. 4)Section 25(2)(a).
In Schedule 3, paragraph 2(3).Reference Extent of repeal or revocationTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 23 — Repeals
Part 3 — Enforcement by taking control of goods300
PART 3
ENFORCEMENT  BY TAKING  CONTROL  OF GOODSConstitutional Reform Act 2005
(c. 4)— cont.In Schedule 14, in Part 2—
(a) in the entry relating to a deputy district
judge in a district registry of the HighCourt, the words “in a district registry ofthe High Court”, and
(b) in the entry relating to a deputy district
judge for a county court district, thewords “for a county court district”.
In Schedule 14, in Part 3, the entries relating
to—
(a) Member of the Special Immigration
Appeals Commission;
(b) Chairman of the Special Immigration
Appeals Commission;
(c) Member of the Proscribed Organisations
Appeal Commission;
(d) Chairman of the Proscribed
Organisations Appeal Commission;
(e) Member of the Pathogens Access Appeal
Commission; and
(f) Chairman of the Pathogens Access
Appeal Commission.
Reference Extent of repeal
Inclosure Act 1773 (c. 81) In section 4, the words from “rendering” to the
end.
In section 16, the words from “rendering” to the
end.
Sale of Farming Stock Act 1816
(c. 50)The whole Act.
Judgments Act 1838 (c. 110) Section 12.
Compulsory Purchase Act 1965
(c. 56)Section 13(5).
Section 29.
Sea Fisheries Act 1968 (c. 77) In section 12(3), the words from “as they apply”
to the end.
Criminal Justice Act 1972 (c. 71) In section 66(2), the words from ““sentence of
imprisonment”” to the end.
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980
(c. 43)In section 125(2), the words from “This
subsection” to the end.
Section 125D(3)(c).
Section 151.In Schedule 4A, paragraph 3.
British Fishing Boats Act 1983
(c. 8)In section 5(3), the words from “as they apply”
to the end.Reference Extent of repealTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 23 — Repeals
Part 4 — Rent arrears recovery301
PART 4
RENT ARREARS  RECOVERYCounty Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) Section 85(3).
Section 87(2).Sections 89 to 91.
Sections 93 to 100.
Sections 102 and 103.Section 123.
In section 126—
(a) in subsection (3) the words from “but” to
the end;
(b) in subsection (4) ““bailiff””.
In section 147(1) the de finition of “bailiff”.
Finance Act 1984 (c. 43) Section 16.Local Government Finance Act
1988 (c. 41)In Schedule 9, paragraph 3(2)(b).
Child Support Act 1991 (c. 48) Section 35(2) to (8).
Social Security Administration
Act 1992 (c. 5)Section 121A(2) to (8) and (10).
Local Government Finance Act
1992 (c. 14)In Schedule 4—
(a) paragraph 7;
(b) in paragraph 8(1)(a) the words from “an
authority” to “paragraph 7 above”;
(c) paragraph 12(1)(c);
(d) paragraph 19(3).
Finance Act 1997 (c. 16) Section 51(7).Courts Act 2003 (c. 39) In Schedule 7, paragraph 8(5).
Traffic Management Act 2004
(c. 18)Section 82(3)(a).
Section 83.
Reference Extent of repeal
Distress for Rent Act 1689 (c. 5) The whole Act.
Landlord and Tenant Act 1709
(c. 18)Section 1.
Sections 6 to 8.
Landlord and Tenant Act 1730
(c. 28)Section 5.
Distress for Rent Act 1737 (c. 19) Sections 1 to 10.
Sections 16 and 17.
Section 19.
Deserted Tenements Act 1817
(c. 52)The whole Act.
Metropolitan Police Courts Act
1840 (c. 84)The whole Act.
Execution Act 1844 (c. 96) The whole Act.Reference Extent of repealTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 23 — Repeals
Part 5 — Administration orders302
PART 5
ADMINISTRATION  ORDERSLands Clauses Consolidation
Act 1845 (c. 18)In section 11 the words from “or it shall be
lawful” to the end.
Sequestration Act 1849 (c. 67) In section  1 the words “levy” and “distress” in
the second place where each occurs, and“levied”.
Landlord and Tenant Act 1851
(c. 25)The whole Act.
Railway Rolling Stock
Protection Act 1872 (c. 50)The whole Act.
Law of Distress Amendment
Act 1888 (c. 21)The whole Act.
Law of Distress Amendment
Act 1908 (c. 53)The whole Act.
Law of Property Act 1925 (c. 20) Section 121(2).
Section 162(1)(a).Section 189(1).
In section 190—
(a) subsection (2);
(b) in subsection (7), “owner or”.
Administration of Estates Act
1925 (c. 23)Section 26(3).
Rent (Agriculture) Act 1976
(c. 80)Section 8.
Rent Act 1977 (c. 42) Section 147.
Limitation Act 1980 (c. 58) In section 38, “rentcharges and” and “rent or”.
County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) Section 116.Agricultural Holdings Act 1986
(c. 5)Sections 16 to 19.
In section 24, “, by distress or otherwise,”.
Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45) Section 347(6), (7) and (11).
Housing Act 1988 (c. 50) Section 19.Water Industry Act 1991 (c. 56) In section  179(4)(b), “or to the landlord’s
remedy for rent”.
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
(c. 4)In Schedule 7, in the table in paragraph 4, the
entry for the Law of Distress Amendment Act1888.
Reference Extent of repeal
Company Directors
Disqualification Act 1986(c. 46)Section 12(1).Reference Extent of repealTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15)
Schedule 23 — Repeals
Part 6 — Appeal Tribunal under section 28 of the Registered Designs Act 1949: abolition303
PART 6
APPEAL  TRIBUNAL  UNDER  SECTION  28 OF THE REGISTERED  DESIGNS  ACT 1949: ABOLITIONCourts and Legal Services Act
1990 (c. 41)Section 13.
Reference Extent of repeal
Registered Designs Act 1949
(c. 88)Section 28.
In section 37(3), the words “or on the Appeal
Tribunal” and the words from “and theStatutory Instruments Act 1946 shall apply”to the end.
In section 44(1), the definition of “Appeal
Tribunal”.
Administration of Justice Act
1969 (c. 58)Section 24.
In Schedule 1, the entry in respect of the
Registered Designs Act 1949.
Administration of Justice Act
1970 (c. 31)Section 10.
Patents Act 1977 (c. 37) In Schedule 5, paragraph 5.
Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988 (c. 48)Section 249(2).
In Schedule 3, paragraph 17.
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
(c. 4)In Schedule 4, paragraphs 37 and 66.Reference Extent of repeal
?Crown copyright 2007
Printed in the UK by The Stationery O Yce Limited
under the authority and superintendence of Carol Tullo, Controller of
Her Majesty’s Stationery O Yce and Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament
7/2007 375556 19585TRIBUNALS, COURTS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT
2007
2007 c.15
ISBN 0-10-541507-3
_____________________
CORRECTION
Schedule 14
Page 256, paragraph 47, “Leasehold Reform Act 1967” should read “Leasehold Reform,
Housing and Urban Development Act 1993”.
November 2007
PRINTED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM BY THE STATIONERY OFFICE LIMITED
under the authority and superintendence of Carol Tullo, Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office
and Queen’s Printer of Acts of ParliamentTRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Tribunals, Courts and
Enforcement Act 2007
2007 CHAPTER 15 
The material reproduced below is limited to what is relevant to this volume: 
ss. 1-49, Sch. 5, pts. 1-4 
CONTENTS 
PART I 
TRIBUNALS AND INQUIRIES 
CHAPTER  1 
TRIBUNAL JUDICIAR Y: INDEPENDENCE AND SENIOR  PRESIDENT 
1.	Independence of tribunal judiciary 
2.	Senior President of Tribunals 
CHAPTER  2 
FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL AND UPPER TRIBUNAL 
Establishment 
3.	The First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal 
Members and composition of tribunals 
4.	Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal 
5.	Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal 
Certain judges who are also judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 
7.	Chambers: jurisdiction and Presidents 
8.	Senior President of Tribunals: power to delegate 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4531 6 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Review of decisions and appeals 
9. Review of decision of First-tier Tribunal 
10. Review of decision of Upper Tribunal 
11. Right to appeal to Upper Tribunal 
12. Proceedings on appeal to Upper Tribunal 
13. Right to appeal to Court of Appeal etc . 
14. Proceedings on appeal to Court of Appeal etc. 
“Judicial review” 
15. Upper T ribunal’ s “judicial r eview” jurisdiction 
16. Application for relief under section 15(1) 
17. Quashing orders under section 15(1): supplementary provision 
18. Limits of jurisdiction under section 15(1) 
19. Transfer of judicial review applications from High Court 
20. Transfer of judicial review applications from the Court of Session 
21. Upper Tribunal’ s “judicial r eview ” jurisdiction: Scotland 
Miscellaneous 
22. Tribunal Procedure Rules 
23. Practice directions 
24. Mediation 
25. Supplementary powers of Upper Tribunal 
26. First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal: sitting places 
27. Enforcement 
28. Assessors 
29. Costs or expenses 
CHAPTER  3 
TRANSFER OF TRIBUNAL FUNCTIONS 
30. Transfer of functions of certain tribunals 
31. Transfers under section 30: supplementary powers 
32. Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tri bunals in Wales 
33. Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Scotland 
34. Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Northern 
Ireland 
35. Transfer of Ministerial responsibilities for certain tribunals 
36. Transfer of powers to make procedural rules for certain tribunals 
37. Power to amend lists of tribunals in Schedule 6 
38. Orders under sections 30 to 36: supplementary 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4532 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
CHAPTER  4 
ADMINISTRA TIVE MATTERS IN RESPECT OF CER TAIN TRIBU NALS 
39. The general duty 
40. Tribunal staff and services 
41. Provision of accommodation 
42. Fees 
43. Report by Senior President of Tribunals 
CHAPTER  5 
OVERSIGHT OF ADMINISTRA TIVE JUSTICE SYSTEM , TRIB UNALS AND INQUIRIES 
44. The Administra tive Justice and Tribunals Council 
45. Abolition of the Council on Tribunals 
CHAPTER  6 
SUPPLEMENT ARY 
46. Delegation of functions by Lord Chief Justice etc. 
47. Co-operation in relation to judicial training, guidance and welfare 
48. Consequential and other amendments, and transitional provisions 
49. Orders and regulations under Part 1: supplemental and procedural 
provisions 
Schedule 5 — Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 
Part 1 — Tribunal Procedure Rules 
Part 2 — Tribunal Procedure Committee 
Part 3 — Making of Tribunal Procedure rules by Tribunal Procedure 
Committee 
Part 4 — Power to amend legislation in connection with Tribunal 
Procedure rules 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4533 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Ss. 1-2 
Independence of 
tribunal judiciary 
Senior President of 
Tribunals An Act to mak e pro vision about trib unals and inquiries; to establish an Administr ative 
Justice and Tribunals Council; to amend the law relating to judicial appointments 
and appointments to the Law Commission; to amend the law relating to the 
enforcement of judgments and debts; to make further provision about the 
management and relief of debt; to make provision protecting cultural objects 
from seizure or forfeiture in certain circumstances; to amend the law relating to 
the taking of possession of land affected by compulsory purchase; to alter the 
powers of the High Court in judicial review applications; and for connected 
purposes. 
[19th July 2007] 
BE IT EN ACTED by the Queen’ s most Excellent Majesty , by and with the ad vice and 
consent of the Lor d Spir itual and Tempor al, and Commons,  in this pr esent 
Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:– 
PART 1
TRIBUNALS AND INQUIRIES
CHAPTER  1
TRIBUNAL JUDICIAR Y: INDEPENDENCE AND SENIOR  PRESIDENT
1.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . amends legislation outside of our volumes. 
2.—(1) Her Majesty ma y, on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor , appoint a 
person to the office of Senior President of Tribunals. 
(2) Schedule 1 makes further provision about the Senior President of Tribunals and 
about recommendations for appointment under subsection (1). 
(3) A holder of the office of Senior President of Tribunals must, in carrying out the 
functions of that office, have regard to– 
(a)	the need for tribunals to be accessible, 
(b)	the need for proceedings before tribunals– 
(i) to be fair , and 
(ii)	 to be handled quick ly and ef ficiently , 
(c)	the need for members of tribunals to be experts in the subject-matter of, or 
the law to be applied in, cases in which they decide matters, and 
(d)	the need to develop innovative methods of resolving disputes that are of a 
type that may be brought before tribunals. 
(4) In subsection (3) “tribunals” means– 
(a)	the First-tier Tribunal, 
(b)	the Upper Tribunal, 
(c)	employment tribunals, [1and] 
1 Word in section 2(4)(c) inser ted (15.2.10) b y S.I. 2010/21,  Sch. 1,  para. 37(a). 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4534 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Ss. 2-4 
(d)	the Employment Appeal T ribunal, […1] 
(e)	 […1]. 
CHAPTER  2 
FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL AND UPPER TRIBUNAL 
Establishment 
3.—(1) There is to be a tribunal, known as the First-tier Tribunal, for the purpose of 
exercising the functions confe rred on it under or b y virtue of this Act or an y other Act. The First-tier Tribunal 
and the Upper Tribunal 
(2) There is to be a tribunal, known as the Upper Tribunal, for the purpose of 
exercising the functions confe rred on it under or b y virtue of this Act or an y other Act. 
(3) Each of the First-tier Tribunal, and the Upper Tribunal, is to consist of its judges 
and other members. 
(4) The Senior President of Tribunals is to preside over both of the First-tier Tribunal 
and the Upper Tribunal. 
(5) The Upper Tribunal is to be a superior court of record. 
Members and composition of tribunals 
4.—(1) A person is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal if the person–	 Judges and other 
(a)	is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of appointment under paragraph members of the First-
tier Tribunal1(1) of Schedule 2, 
(b)	is a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal (see section 31(2)), 
(c)	is a judge of the Upper Tribunal, 
(d)	 […1], or 
(e)	is a member of a panel of chairmen of employment tribunals. 
(2) A person is also a judge of the First-tier Tribunal, but only as regards functions 
of the tribunal in relation to appeals such as are mentioned in subsection (1) of section 
5 of the Cr iminal Injur ies Compensa tion Act 1995 (c . 53), if the per son is an adjudica tor 
appointed under that section by the Scottish Ministers. 
(3) A person is one of the other members of the First-tier Tribunal if the person– 
(a)	is a member of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of appointment under 
paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 2, 
(b)	is a transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal (see section 31(2)), 
(c)	is one of the other members of the Upper Tribunal, or 
(d)	is a member of a panel of members of employment tribunals that is not a 
panel of chairmen of employment tribunals. 
(4) Schedule 2– 
contains provision for the appointment of persons to be judges or other members 
of the First-tier Tribunal, and 
makes further provision in connection with judges and other members of the First-
tier Tribunal. 
1 Words in s. 2(d) & ss. 2(e) & 4(d) omitted (15.2.10) b y S.I. 2010/21,  Sch. 1,  paras. 37(b) & 
38. 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security	 1.4535 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Ss. 5-6 
Judges and other 
members of the Upper 
Tribunal 
Certain judges who are 
also judges of First-tier 
Tribunal and Upper 
Tribunal 5.—(1) A person is a judge of the Upper Tribunal if the person– 
(a)	is the Senior President of Tribunals, 
(b)	is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment under paragraph 
1(1) of Schedule 3, 
(c)	is a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2)), 
(d)	 […1], 
(e)	is the Chief Social Secur ity Commissioner , or an y other Social Secur ity 
Commissioner , appointed under section 50(1) of the Social Secur ity 
Administra tion (Northern Ireland) Act 1992 (c. 8), 
(f)	is a Social Security Commissioner appointed under section 50(2) of that Act 
(deputy Commissioners), 
(g)	is within section 6(1), 
(h)	is a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal (whether under paragraph 7 of 
Schedule 3 or under section 31(2)), or 
(i)	is a Chamber President or a Deputy Chamber President, whether of a chamber 
of the Upper Tribunal or of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, and does not 
fall within any of paragraphs (a) to (h). 
(2) A person is one of the other members of the Upper Tribunal if the person– 
(a)	is a member of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment under paragraph 
2(1) of Schedule 3, 
(b)	is a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2)), 
[or1] 
(c)	is a member of the Employment Appeal Tribunal appointed under section 
22(1)(c) of the Employment T ribunals Act 1996 (c. 17), […1] 
(d)	 […1] 
(3) Schedule 3– 
contains provision for the appointment of persons to be judges (including deputy 
judges), or other members, of the Upper Tribunal, and 
makes further provision in connection with judges and other members of the 
Upper Tribunal. 
6.—(1) A person is within this subsection (and so, by virtue of sections 4(1)(c) and 
5(1)(g), is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal and of the Upper Tribunal) if the person– 
(a)	is an or dinary judge of the Cour t of Appeal in England and Wales (inc luding 
the vice-president, if any , of either di vision of that Cour t), 
(b)	is a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ir eland , 
(c)	is a judge of the Court of Session, 
(d)	 is a puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales or Northern Ir eland , 
(e)	is a circuit judge, 
(f)	is a sheriff in Scotland, 
(g)	is a county court judge in Northern Ireland, 
(h)	is a distr ict judg e in England and Wales or Nor thern Ir eland , or 
(i)	is a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts). 
(2) References in subsection (1)(c) to (i) to office-holders do not include deputies 
or temporary office-holders. 
1	S. 5(1)(d) & (2)(d) omitted & word inserted in s. 5(2)(b) 15.2.10) by S.I. 2010/21, Sch. 1, 
para. 39(a)-(b). 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4536 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
7.—(1) The Lor d Chancellor ma y, with the concurrence of the Senior President of 
Tribunals, by order make provision for the organisation of each of the First-tier Tribunal 
and the Upper Tribunal into a number of chambers. 
(2) There is– 
(a)	for each chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, and 
(b)	for each chamber of the Upper Tribunal, 
to be a person,  or tw o persons, to preside o ver that chamber . 
(3) A person may not at any particular time preside over more than one chamber of 
the First-tier Tribunal and may not at any particular time preside over more than one 
chamber of the Upper Tribunal (but may at the same time preside over one chamber of 
the First-tier Tribunal and over one chamber of the Upper Tribunal). 
(4) A person appointed under this section to preside over a chamber is to be known 
as a Chamber President. 
(5) Where two persons are appointed under this section to preside over the same 
chamber , any reference in an enactment to the Chamber President of the c hamber is a 
reference to a person a ppointed under this section to preside o ver the chamber . 
(6) The Senior President of Tribunals may (consistently with subsections (2) and 
(3)) appoint a person who is the Chamber President of a chamber to preside instead, or 
to preside also, over another c hamber . 
(7) The Lord Chancellor may (consistently with subsections (2) and (3)) appoint a 
person who is not a Chamber President to preside o ver a chamber . 
(8) Schedule 4 (eligibility for appointment under subsection (7), appointment of 
Deputy Chamber Presidents and Acting Chamber Presidents, assignment of judge s 
and other members of the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal, and further provision 
about Chamber Presidents and chambers) has effect. 
(9) Each of the Lord Chancellor and the Senior President of Tribunals ma y, with the 
concurrence of the other , by order– 
(a)	make pro vision for the allocation of the Fi rst-tier Tribunal’ s functions 
between its chambers; 
(b)	make pro vision f or the allocation of the Upper T ribunal’ s functions between 
its chambers; 
(c)	amend or revoke any order made under this subsection. 
8.—(1) The Senior President of Tribunals may delegate any function he has in his 
capacity as Senior President of Tribunals– 
(a)	to any judge , or other member , of the Upper T ribunal or Fi rst-tier T ribunal; 
(b)	to staff appointed under section 40(1). 
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to functions of the Senior President of Tribunals 
under section 7(9). 
(3) A dele gation under subsection (1) is not r evoked by the dele gator’s becoming 
incapacitated. 
(4) Any delegation under subsection (1) that is in force immediately before a person 
ceases to be Senior President of Tribunals continues in force until varied or revoked 
by a subsequent holder of the office of Senior President of Tribunals. 
(5) The delegation under this section of a function shall not prevent the exercise of 
the function by the Senior President of Tribunals. 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security Ss. 7-8 
Chambers: jurisdiction 
and Presidents 
Senior President of 
Tribunals: power to 
delegate 
1.4537 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
S 9 
Review of decisions and appeals 
Review of decision of 9.—(1) The First-tier Tribunal may review a decision made by it on a matter in a case, 
First-tier Tribunal other than a decision that is an excluded decision for the purposes of section 11(1) (but see 
subsection (9)). 
(2) The F irst-tier Tribunal’ s pow er under subsection (1) in r elation to a decision is 
exercisable– 
(a)	of its own initiative, or 
(b)	on application by a person who for the purposes of section 11(2) has a right 
of appeal in respect of the decision. 
(3) Tribunal Procedure Rules may– 
(a)	provide that the First-tier Tribunal may not under subsection (1) review 
(whether of its own initiative or on application under subsection (2)(b)) a 
decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in 
Tribunal Procedure Rules; 
(b)	provide that the Fi rst-tier Tribunal’ s power under subsection (1) to r eview a 
decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in 
Tribunal Procedure Rules is ex ercisable only of the tri bunal’ s own initiat ive; 
(c)	provide that an application under subsection (2)(b) that is of a description 
specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules may 
be made only on grounds specified for the purposes of this paragraph in 
Tribunal Procedure Rules; 
(d)	provide, in relation to a decision of a description specified for the purposes 
of this par agraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules, tha t the Fi rst-tier Tribunal’ s 
power under subsection (1) to review the decision of its own initiative is 
exercisable only on grounds specified for the purposes of this paragraph in 
Tribunal Procedure Rules. 
(4) Where the First-tier Tribunal has under subsection (1) reviewed a decision, the 
First-tier Tribunal may in the light of the review do any of the following– 
(a)	correct accidental errors in the decision or in a record of the decision; 
(b)	amend reasons given for the decision; 
(c)	set the decision aside. 
(5) Where under subsection (4)(c) the First-tier Tribunal sets a decision aside, the 
First-tier Tribunal must either– 
(a)	re-decide the matter concerned, or 
(b)	refer that matter to the Upper Tribunal. 
(6) Where a matter is referred to the Upper Tribunal under subsection (5)(b), the 
Upper Tribunal must r e-decide the ma tter. 
(7) Where the Upper Tribunal is under subsection (6) re-deciding a ma tter, it may 
make any decision which the First-tier Tribunal could make if the First-tier Tribunal 
were re-deciding the matter . 
(8) Where a tribunal is acting under subsection (5)(a) or (6), it may make such 
findings of fact as it considers appropriate. 
(9) This section has effect as if a decision under subsection (4)(c) to set aside an 
earlier decision were not an excluded decision for the purposes of section 11(1), but 
the F irst-tier T ribunal’ s only po wer in the light of a re view under subsection (1) of a 
decision under subsection (4)(c) is the power under subsection (4)(a). 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4538 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Ss 9-10 
(10) A decision of the First-tier Tribunal may not be reviewed under subsection (1) 
more than once, and once the First-tier Tribunal has decided that an earlier decision 
should not be reviewed under subsection (1) it may not then decide to review that 
earlier decision under that subsection. 
(11) Where under this section a decision is set aside and the matter concerned is then 
re-decided, the decision set aside and the decision made in re-deciding the matter are for 
the purposes of subsection (10) to be taken to be different decisions. 
10.—(1)The Upper Tribunal may review a decision made by it on a matter in a case, Review of decision of 
other than a decision that is an excluded decision for the purposes of section 13(1) (but see Upper Tribunal 
subsection (7)). 
(2) The Upper T ribunal’ s power under subsection (1) in relation to a decision is 
exercisable– 
(a)	of its own initiative, or 
(b)	on application by a person who for the purposes of section 13(2) has a right
of appeal in respect of the decision.
(3) Tribunal Procedure Rules may– 
(a)	provide that the Upper Tribunal may not under subsection (1) review (whether
of its own initiative or on application under subsection (2)(b)) a decision of
a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal
Procedure Rules;
(b)	provide that the Upper Tribunal's power under subsection (1) to review a
decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in
Tribunal Pr ocedure Rules is ex ercisable only of the tri bunal’ s own initiat ive;
(c)	provide that an application under subsection (2)(b) that is of a description
specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules may
be made only on grounds specified for the purposes of this paragraph in
Tribunal Procedure Rules;
(d)	provide, in relation to a decision of a description specified for the purposes
of this para graph in Tribunal Pr ocedure Rules,  that the Upper T ribunal’ s
power under subsection (1) to review the decision of its own initiative is
exercisable only on grounds specified for the purposes of this paragraph in
Tribunal Procedure Rules.
(4) Where the Upper Tribunal has under subsection (1) reviewed a decision, the 
Upper Tribunal may in the light of the review do any of the following– 
(a)	correct accidental errors in the decision or in a record of the decision; 
(b)	amend reasons given for the decision; 
(c)	set the decision aside. 
(5) Where under subsection (4)(c) the Upper Tribunal sets a decision aside, the 
Upper Tribunal must re-decide the matter concerned. 
(6) Where the Upper Tribunal is acting under subsection (5), it may make such 
findings of fact as it considers appropriate. 
(7) This section has effect as if a decision under subsection (4)(c) to set aside an 
earlier decision were not an excluded decision for the purposes of section 13(1), but 
the Upper T ribunal’ s onl y po wer in the light of a re view under subsection (1) of a 
decision under subsection (4)(c) is the power under subsection (4)(a). 
(8) A decision of the Upper Tribunal may not be reviewed under subsection (1) 
more than once, and once the Upper Tribunal has decided that an earlier decision 
should not be reviewed under subsection (1) it may not then decide to review that 
earlier decision under that subsection. 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4539 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Ss 10-11 
(9) Where under this section a decision is set aside and the matter concerned is then 
re-decided, the decision set aside and the decision made in re-deciding the matter are 
for the purposes of subsection (8) to be taken to be different decisions. 
Right to appeal to Upper 11.—(1) For the purposes of subsection (2), the reference to a right of appeal is to 
Tribunal a right to appeal to the Upper Tribunal on any point of law arising from a decision 
made by the First-tier Tribunal other than an excluded decision. 
(2) Any party to a case has a right of appeal, subject to subsection (8). 
(3) That right ma y be e xercised onl y with per mission (or , in Nor thern Ireland , leave). 
(4) Permission (or leave) may be given by– 
(a)	the First-tier Tribunal, or 
(b)	the Upper Tribunal, 
on an application by the par ty. 
(5) For the purposes of subsection (1), an “excluded decision” is– 
(a)	any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal made in exercise of a 
right conferred by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme in compliance 
with section 5(1)(a) of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53) 
(appeals against decisions on reviews), 
(b)	any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal under section 28(4) or (6) 
of the Da ta Protection Act 1998 (c . 29) (appeals against na tional secur ity 
certificate), 
(c)	any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal under section 60(1) or (4) 
of the F reedom of Information Act 2000 (c . 36) (appeals ag ainst national 
security certificate), 
(d)	a decision of the First-tier Tribunal under section 9– 
(i) to re view, or not to re view , an ear lier decision of the tri bunal, 
(ii)	 to take no action, or not to take any particular action, in the light of a 
review of an earlier decision of the tribunal, 
(iii) to set aside an earlier decision of the tribunal, or 
(iv)	 to refer, or not to re fer, a ma tter to the Upper T ribunal, 
(e)	a decision of the First-tier Tribunal that is set aside under section 9 (including 
a decision set aside after proceedings on an appeal under this section have 
been begun), or 
(f)	any decision of the First-tier Tribunal that is of a description specified in an 
order made b y the Lord Chancellor . 
(6) A description may be specified under subsection (5)(f) only if– 
(a)	in the case of a decision of that description, there is a right to appeal to a 
court, the Upper Tribunal or any other tribunal from the decision and that 
right is, or includes, something other than a right (however expressed) to 
appeal on any point of law arising from the decision, or 
(b)	decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function transferred 
under section 30 and prior to the transfer of the function under section 30(1) 
there was no right to appeal from decisions of that description. 
(7) Where– 
(a)	an order under subsection (5)(f) specifies a description of decisions, and 
(b)	decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function transferred 
under section 30, 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4540 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Ss 11-13 
the order must be framed so as to come into force no later than the time when the 
transfer under section 30 of the function takes effect (but power to revoke the order 
continues to be exercisable after that time, and power to amend the order continues to 
be exercisable after that time for the purpose of narrowing the description for the time 
being specified). 
(8) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for a person to be treated as 
being, or to be treated as not being, a party to a case for the purposes of subsection (2). 
12.—(1) Subsection (2) applies if the Upper Tribunal, in deciding an appeal under 
section 11, finds that the making of the decision concerned in volved the making of an 
error on a point of la w. Proceedings on
to Upper Tribu appeal 
nal 
(2) The Upper Tribunal– 
(a) may (but need not) set aside the decision of the First-tier Tribunal, and 
(b) if it does, must either– 
(i) remit the case to the First-tier Tribunal with directions for its 
reconsideration, or 
(ii) re-make the decision. 
(3) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(i), the Upper Tribunal may also– 
(a) direct that the members of the First-tier Tribunal who are chosen to reconsider 
the case are not to be the same as those who made the decision that has been 
set aside; 
(b) give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the 
case by the First-tier Tribunal. 
(4) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(ii), the Upper Tribunal– 
(a) may make any decision which the First-tier Tribunal could make if the First-
tier Tribunal were re-making the decision, and 
(b) may make such findings of fact as it considers appropriate. 
13.—(1) For the purposes of subsection (2), the reference to a right of appeal is to a right 
to appeal to the relevant appellate court on any point of law arising from a decision made 
by the Upper Tribunal other than an excluded decision. Right to appeal
of A ppeal etc. to Court 
(2) Any party to a case has a right of appeal, subject to subsection (14). 
(3) That right ma y be e xercised onl y with per mission (or , in Nor thern Ireland , leave). 
(4) Permission (or leave) may be given by– 
(a) the Upper Tribunal, or 
(b) the relevant appellate court, 
on an application by the part y. 
(5) An application may be made under subsection (4) to the relevant appellate 
court only if permission (or leave) has been refused by the Upper Tribunal. 
(6) The Lord Chancellor may , as respects an applica tion under subsection (4) tha t 
falls within subsection (7) and for which the relevant appellate court is the Court of 
Appeal in England and Wales or the Court of Appeal in Northern Ir eland , by order 
make provision for permission (or leave) not to be granted on the application unless 
the Upper Tribunal or (as the case may be) the relevant appellate court considers– 
(a) that the proposed appeal would raise some important point of principle or 
practice, or 
(b) that there is some other compelling reason for the relevant appellate court to 
hear the appeal. 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4541 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
S 13 
(7) An application falls within this subsection if the application is for permission 
(or leave) to appeal from any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appeal under 
section 11. 
(8) For the purposes of subsection (1), an “excluded decision” is– 
(a)	any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appeal under section 28(4) or (6) of 
the Da ta Pr otection Act 1998 (c . 29) (a ppeals a gainst na tional secur ity 
certificate), 
(b)	any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appeal under section 60(1) or (4) of 
the F reedom of Inf ormation Act 2000 (c . 36) (a ppeals a gainst na tional secur ity 
certificate), 
(c)	any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an application under section 11(4)(b) 
(application for permission or leave to appeal), 
(d)	a decision of the Upper Tribunal under section 10– 
(i)	to re view, or not to re view , an ear lier decision of the tri bunal, 
(ii)	 to take no action, or not to take any particular action, in the light of a 
review of an earlier decision of the tribunal, or 
(iii) to set aside an earlier decision of the tribunal, 
(e)	a decision of the Upper Tribunal that is set aside under section 10 (including 
a decision set aside after proceedings on an appeal under this section have 
been begun), or 
(f)	any decision of the Upper Tribunal that is of a description specified in an 
order made b y the Lord Chancellor . 
(9) A description may be specified under subsection (8)(f) only if– 
(a)	in the case of a decision of that description, there is a right to appeal to a 
court from the decision and that right is, or includes, something other than a 
right (however expressed) to appeal on any point of law arising from the 
decision, or 
(b)	decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function transferred 
under section 30 and prior to the transfer of the function under section 30(1) 
there was no right to appeal from decisions of that description. 
(10) Where– 
(a)	an order under subsection (8)(f) specifies a description of decisions, and 
(b)	decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function transferred 
under section 30, 
the order must be framed so as to come into force no later than the time when the 
transfer under section 30 of the function takes effect (but power to revoke the order 
continues to be exercisable after that time, and power to amend the order continues to 
be exercisable after that time for the purpose of narrowing the description for the time 
being specified). 
(11) Before the Upper Tribunal decides an application made to it under subsection 
(4), the Upper Tribunal must specify the court that is to be the relevant appellate court 
as respects the proposed appeal. 
(12) The court to be specified under subsection (11) in relation to a proposed 
appeal is whichever of the following courts appears to the Upper Tribunal to be the 
most appropriate– 
(a)	the Court of Appeal in England and Wales; 
(b)	the Court of Session; 
(c)	the Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland. 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4542 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
S 13-14 
(13) In this section except subsection (11), “the relevant appellate court”, as 
respects an appeal, means the court specified as respects that appeal by the Upper 
Tribunal under subsection (11). 
(14) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for a person to be treated 
as being, or to be treated as not being, a party to a case for the purposes of subsection 
(2). 
(15) Rules of court may make provision as to the time within which an application 
under subsection (4) to the relevant appellate court must be made. 
14.—(1) Subsection (2) applies if the relevant appellate court, in deciding an appeal 
under section 13, finds that the making of the decision concerned in volved the making 
of an error on a point of la w. Proceedings on appeal 
to Court of Appeal etc. 
(2) The relevant appellate court– 
(a) 
(b) may (but need not) set aside the decision of the Upper Tribunal, and 
if it does, must either– 
(i) remit the case to the Upper T ribunal or , where the decision of the Upper 
Tribunal was on an appeal or reference from another tribunal or some 
other person, to the Upper Tribunal or that other tribunal or person, with 
directions for its reconsideration, or 
(ii) re-make the decision. 
(3) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(i), the relevant appellate court may also– 
(a) direct that the persons who are chosen to reconsider the case are not to be the 
same as those who– 
(i) where the case is remitted to the Upper Tribunal, made the decision of 
the Upper Tribunal that has been set aside, or 
(ii) where the case is remitted to another tribunal or person, made the decision 
in respect of which the appeal or reference to the Upper Tribunal was 
made; 
(b) give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the 
case by the Upper Tribunal or other tribunal or person. 
(4) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(ii), the relevant appellate court– 
(a) may make any decision which the Upper Tribunal could make if the Upper 
Tribunal were re-making the decision or (as the case may be) which the other 
tribunal or person could make if that other tribunal or person were re-making 
the decision, and 
(b) may make such findings of fact as it considers appropriate. 
(5) Where– 
(a) under subsection (2)(b)(i) the relevant appellate court remits a case to the 
Upper Tribunal, and 
(b) the decision set aside under subsection (2)(a) was made by the Upper Tribunal 
on an appeal or reference from another tribunal or some other person, 
the Upper Tribunal may (instead of reconsidering the case itself) remit the case to that 
other tribunal or person, with the directions given by the relevant appellate court for 
its reconsideration. 
(6) In acting under subsection (5), the Upper Tribunal may also– 
(a) direct that the persons who are chosen to reconsider the case are not to be the 
same as those who made the decision in respect of which the appeal or 
reference to the Upper Tribunal was made; 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4543 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Ss. 14-16 
(b)	give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the 
case by the other tribunal or person. 
(7) In this section “the relevant appellate court”, as respects an appeal under section 
13, means the court specified as respects that appeal by the Upper Tribunal under 
section 13(11). 
“Judicial review” 
Upper T ribunal’ s 15.—(1) The Upper Tribunal has po wer, in cases ar ising under the la w of England and 
“judicial review” Wales or under the law of Northern  Ireland , to gr ant the follo wing kinds of relief-
jurisdiction (a)	a mandatory order; 
(b)	a prohibiting order; 
(c)	a quashing order; 
(d)	a declaration; 
(e)	an injunction. 
(2) The power under subsection (1) may be exercised by the Upper Tribunal if– 
(a)	certain conditions are met (see section 18), or 
(b)	the tribunal is authorised to proceed even though not all of those conditions 
are met (see section 19(3) and (4)). 
(3) Relief under subsection (1) granted by the Upper Tribunal– 
(a)	has the same effect as the corresponding relief granted by the High Court on 
an application for judicial re view, and 
(b)	is enforceable as if it were relief granted by the High Court on an application 
for judicial re view. 
(4) In deciding whether to grant relief under subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c), the Upper 
Tribunal must apply the principles that the High Court would apply in deciding 
whether to grant tha t relief on an application for judicial re view. 
(5) In deciding whether to grant relief under subsection (1)(d) or (e), the Upper 
Tribunal must– 
(a)	in cases ar ising under the law of England and Wales apply the principles that 
the High Court would apply in deciding whether to grant that relief under 
section 31(2) of the Supr eme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) on an application fo r 
judicial r eview, and 
(b)	in cases arising under the law of Northern Ireland apply the principles that 
the High Court would apply in deciding whether to grant that relief on an 
application f or judicial re view. 
(6) For the purposes of the application of subsection (3)(a) in relation to cases 
arising under the law of Northern Ireland– 
(a)	a mandatory order under subsection (1)(a) shall be taken to correspond to an 
order of mandamus, 
(b)	a prohibiting order under subsection (1)(b) shall be taken to correspond to 
an order of prohibition, and 
(c)	a quashing order under subsection (1)(c) shall be taken to correspond to an 
order of certiorari. 
16.—(1)This section applies in relation to an application to the Upper Tribunal for 
relief under section 15(1). 
(2) The applica tion ma y be made onl y if permission (or , in a case arising under the 
law of Northern Ireland, leave) to make it has been obtained from the tribunal. 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4544 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Ss. 16-18 
(3) The tribunal may not grant permission (or leave) to make the application unless 
it considers that the applicant has a sufficient interest in the matter to which the 
application relates. 
(4) Subsection (5) applies where the tribunal considers– 
(a)	that there has been undue delay in making the application, and 
(b)	that granting the relief sought on the application would be likely to cause
substantial hardship to, or substantially prejudice the rights of, any person
or would be detrimental to good administration.
(5) The tribunal may– 
(a)	refuse to grant permission (or leave) for the making of the application; 
(b)	refuse to grant any relief sought on the application. 
(6) The tribunal may award to the applicant damages, restitution or the recovery of 
a sum due if– 
(a)	the application includes a claim for such an award arising from any matter to
which the application relates, and
(b)	the tribunal is satisfied that such an award would have been made by the
High Court if the claim had been made in an action begun in the High Court
by the applicant at the time of making the application.
(7) An award under subsection (6) may be enforced as if it were an award of the 
High Court. 
(8) Where– 
(a)	the tribunal refuses to grant permission (or leave) to apply for relief under
section 15(1),
(b)	the applicant appeals against that refusal, and 
(c)	the Court of Appeal g rants the permission (or leav e), 
the Court of Appeal may go on to d ecide the application for relief under section 15(1). 
(9) Subsections (4) and (5) do not prevent Tribunal Procedure Rules from limiting 
the time within which applications may be made. 
17.—(1) If the Upper Tribunal makes a quashing order under section 15(1)(c) in Quashing orders under 
respect of a decision, it may in addition– section 15(1): 
(a)	remit the matter concerned to the court, tribunal or authority that made the supplementary provision 
decision, with a direction to reconsider the matter and reach a decision in 
accordance with the findings of the Upper Tribunal, or 
(b)	substitute its own decision for the decision in question. 
(2) The power conferred by subsection (1)(b) is exercisable only if– 
(a)	the decision in question was made by a court or tribunal, 
(b)	the decision is quashed on the ground that there has been an error of la w, and 
(c)	without the erro r, there w ould hav e been only one decision that the court or
tribunal could have reached.
(3) Unless the Upper Tribunal otherwise directs, a decision substituted by it under 
subsection (1)(b) has effect as if it were a decision of the relevant court or tribunal. 
18.—(1) This section applies where an application made to the Upper Tribunal 
seeks (whether or not alone)– 
(a)	relief under section 15(1), or 
(b)	permission (or , in a case arising under the la w of Northern Ir eland , leave) to
apply for relief under section 15(1).
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4545 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
S 18 
(2) If Conditions 1 to 4 are met, the tribunal has the function of deciding the 
application. 
(3) If the tribunal does not have the function of deciding the application, it must by 
order transfer the application to the High Court. 
(4) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than– 
(a)	relief under section 15(1); 
(b)	permission (or , in a case arising under the law of Northern Ireland,  leav e) to 
apply for relief under section 15(1); 
(c)	an award under section 16(6); 
(d)	interest; 
(e)	costs. 
(5) Condition 2 is that the application does not call into question anything done 
by the Crown Court. 
(6) Condition 3 is that the application falls within a class specified for the purposes 
of this subsection in a direction given in accordance with Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the 
Constitutional Refo rm Act 2005 (c . 4). 
(7) The power to give directions under subsection (6) includes– 
(a)	power to va ry or re voke directions made in ex ercise of the po wer, and 
(b)	power to make different provision for different purposes. 
(8) Condition 4 is that the judge presiding at the hearing of the application is 
either– 
(a)	a judg e of the High Cour t or the Cour t of Appeal in England and Wales or 
Northern Ireland, or a judge of the Court of Session, or 
(b)	such other persons as may be agreed from time to time between the Lord 
Chief Justice, the Lord President, or the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, 
as the case may be, and the Senior President of Tribunals. 
(9) Where the application is transferred to the High Court under subsection (3)– 
(a)	the application is to be treated for all purposes as if it– 
(i) had been made to the High Court, and 
(ii) sought things corresponding to those sought from the tribunal, and 
(b)	any steps taken, permission (or leave) given or orders made by the tribunal 
in relation to the application are to be treated as taken, given or made by the 
High Court. 
(10) Rules of court may make provision for the purpose of supplementing 
subsection (9). 
(11) The provision that may be made by Tribunal Procedure Rules about 
amendment of an application f or relief under section 15(1) includes, in particular , 
provision about amendments that would cause the application to become transferrable 
under subsection (3). 
(12) For the purposes of subsection (9)(a)(ii), in relation to an application transferred 
to the High Court in Northern Ireland– 
(a)	an order of mandamus shall be taken to correspond to a mandatory order 
under section 15(1)(a), 
(b)	an order of prohibition shall be taken to correspond to a prohibiting order 
under section 15(1)(b), and 
(c)	an order of certiorari shall be taken to correspond to a quashing order under 
section 15(1)(c). 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4546 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
S 19 
19.—(1) In the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54),  after section 31 insert – 
“31A Transfer of judicial review applications to Upper Tribunal Transfer of judicial 
review applications 
from High Court 
(1) This section applies where an application is made to the High Court– 
(a) for judicial re view, or 
(b) for permission to ap ply for judicial re view. 
(2) If Conditions 1, 2, 3 and 4 are met, the High Court must by order transfer the 
application to the Upper Tribunal. 
(3) If Conditions 1, 2 and 4 are met, but Condition 3 is not, the High Court may by 
order transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal if it appears to the High Court to 
be just and con venient to do so. 
(4) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than– 
(a) relief under section 31(1)(a) and (b); 
(b) permission to apply for relief under section 31(1)(a) and (b); 
(c) an award under section 31(4); 
(d) interest; 
(e) costs. 
(5) Condition 2 is that the application does not call into question anything 
done by the Crown Court. 
(6) Condition 3 is that the application falls within a class specified under 
section 18(6) of the T ribunals, Courts and Enfo rcement Act 2007. 
(7) Condition 4 is that the application does not call into question any decision 
made under– 
(a) the Immigra tion Acts, 
(b) the British Nationality Act 1981 (c. 61), 
(c) any instrument having effect under an enactment within paragraph (a) or 
(b), or 
(d) any other provision of law for the time being in force which determines 
British citizenship, British overseas territories citizenship, the status of a 
British National (Ov erseas) or British Ove rseas citizenship. ” 
(2) In the J udicat ure (Northern Ireland) Act 1978 (c. 23), after section 25 insert – 
“25A Transfer of judicial review applications to Upper Tribunal 
(1) This section applies where an application is made to the High Court­
(a) for judicial re view, or 
(b) for lea ve to ap ply for judicial r eview. 
(2) If Conditions 1, 2, 3 and 4 are met, the High Court must by order transfer the 
application to the Upper Tribunal. 
(3) If Conditions 1, 2 and 4 are met, but Condition 3 is not, the High Court may 
by order transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal if it appears to the High 
Cour t to be just and con venient to do so. 
(4) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than– 
(a) relief under section 18(1)(a) to (e); 
(b) leave to apply for relief under section 18(1)(a) to (e); 
(c) an award under section 20; 
(d) interest; 
(e) costs. 
(5) Condition 2 is that the application does not call into question anything 
done by the Crown Court. 
(6) Condition 3 is that the application falls within a class specified under 
section 18(6) of the T ribunals, Courts and Enfo rcement Act 2007. 
(7) Condition 4 is that the application does not call into question any decision 
made under– 
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Ss. 19-20 
(a) the Immigra tion Acts, 
(b) the Br itish Nationality Act 1981, 
(c) any instrument having effect under an enactment within paragraph (a) or 
(b), or 
(d) any other provision of law for the time being in force which determines 
British citizenship, British overseas territories citizenship, the status of a 
British National (Overseas) or British Overseas citizenship." 
(3) Where an application is transferred to the Upper Tribunal under 31A of the 
Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) or section 25A of the J udicature (Northern Ireland) Act 
1978 (transfer from the High Court of judicial review applications)– 
(a)	the application is to be treated for all purposes as if it– 
(i) had been made to the tribunal, and 
(ii) sought things corresponding to those sought from the High Court, 
(b)	the tribunal has the function of deciding the application, even if it does not 
fall within a class specified under section 18(6), and 
(c)	any steps taken, permission given, leave given or orders made by the High 
Court in relation to the application are to be treated as taken, given or made 
by the tribunal. 
(4) Where– 
(a)	an application for permission is transferred to the Upper Tribunal under 
section 31A of the Supreme Cour t Act 1981 (c . 54) and the tri bunal grants 
permission, or 
(b)	an application for leave is transferred to the Upper Tribunal under section 
25A of the Judicat ure (Northern Ireland) Act 1978 (c. 23) and the tri bunal 
grants leave, 
the tribunal has the function of deciding any subsequent application brought under 
the permission or leave, even if the subsequent application does not fall within a class 
specified under section 18(6). 
(5) Tribunal Procedure Rules may make further provision for the purposes of 
supplementing subsections (3) and (4). 
(6) For the purposes of subsection (3)(a)(ii), in relation to an application transferred 
to the Upper Tribunal under section 25A of the Judicat ure (Nor thern Ireland) Act 
1978– 
(a)	a mandatory order under section 15(1)(a) shall be taken to correspond to an 
order of mandamus, 
(b)	a prohibiting order under section 15(1)(b) shall be taken to correspond to an 
order of prohibition, and 
(c)	a quashing order under section 15(1)(c) shall be taken to correspond to an 
order of certiorari. 
Transfer of judicial 20.—(1) Where an application is made to the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court 
review applications of Session, the Court– 
from the Court of (a) must, if Conditions 1, 2 and 4 are met, andSession 
(b)	may, if Conditions 1, 3 and 4 are met, b ut Condition 2 is not, 
by order transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal. 
(2) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than an exercise 
of the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court of Session. 
(3) Condition 2 is that the application falls within a class specified for the purposes 
of this subsection by act of sederunt made with the consent of the Lor d Chancellor . 
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Ss. 20-22 
(4) Condition 3 is that the subject matter of the application is not a devolved 
Scottish matter . 
(5) Condition 4 is that the application does not call into question any decision 
made under– 
(a)	the Immigra tion Acts, 
(b)	the British Na tionality Act 1981 (c. 61), 
(c)	any instrument having effect under an enactment within paragraph (a) or (b),
or
(d)	any other provision of law for the time being in force which determines
British citizenship, British overseas territories citizenship, the status of a
British National (Overseas) or British Overseas citizenship.
(6) There may not be specified under subsection (3) any class of application which 
includes an application the subject matter of whic h is a de volved Scottish matter . 
(7) For the purposes of this section, the subject matter of an application is a devolved 
Scottish matter if it– 
(a)	concerns the exercise of functions in or as regards Scotland, and 
(b)	does not relate to a reserv ed matter within the meaning of the Scotland Act
1998 (c. 46).
(8) In subsection (2), the reference to the exercise of the supervisory jurisdiction of 
the Court of Session includes a reference to the making of any order in connection 
with or in consequence of the exercise of that jurisdiction. 
21.—(1)The Upper Tribunal has the function of deciding applications transferred to it Upper T ribunal’ s 
from the Court of Session under section 20(1). “judicial review” 
jurisdiction: Scotland 
(2) The powers of review of the Upper Tribunal in relation to such applications are 
the same as the powers of review of the Court of Session in an application to the 
supervisory jurisdiction of that Court. 
(3) In deciding an application by virtue of subsection (1), the Upper Tribunal must 
apply principles that the Court of Session would apply in deciding an application to 
the supervisory jurisdiction of that Court. 
(4) An order of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of subsection (1)– 
(a)	has the same effect as the corresponding order granted by the Court of Session
on an application to the supervisory jurisdiction of that Court, and
(b)	is enforceable as if it were an order so granted by that Court. 
(5) Where an application is transferred to the Upper Tribunal by virtue of section 
20(1), any steps taken or orders made by the Court of Session in relation to the 
application (other than the order to transfer the application under section 20(1)) are to 
be treated as taken or made by the tribunal. 
(6) Tribunal Procedure Rules may make further provision for the purposes of 
supplementing subsection (5). 
Miscellaneous 
22.—(1) There are to be rules, to be called “Tribunal Procedure Rules”, governing–	 Tribunal Procedure
Rules
(a)	the practice and procedure to be followed in the First-tier Tribunal, and 
(b)	the practice and procedure to be followed in the Upper Tribunal. 
(2) Tribunal Procedure Rules are to be made by the Tribunal Procedure Committee. 
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Ss 22-24 
(3) In Schedule 5– 
Part 1 makes further provision about the content of Tribunal Procedure Rules, 
Part 2 makes provision about the membership of the Tribunal Procedure Committee, 
Part 3 makes provision about the making of Tribunal Procedure Rules by the 
Committee, and 
Part 4 confers power to amend legislation in connection with Tribunal Procedure 
Rules. 
(4) Power to make Tribunal Procedure Rules is to be exercised with a view to 
securing– 
(a)	that, in proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal, justice 
is done, 
(b)	that the tri bunal system is accessible and fair , 
(c)	that proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal are handled 
quickly and ef ficiently , 
(d)	that the rules are both simple and simply expressed, and 
(e)	that the rules where appropriate confer on members of the First-tier Tribunal, 
or Upper Tribunal, responsibility for ensuring that proceedings before the 
tribunal are handled quick ly and ef ficientl y. 
(5) In subsection (4)(b) “the tribunal system” means the system for deciding matters 
within the jurisdiction of the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal. 
Practice directions 23.—(1) The Senior President of Tribunals may give directions– 
(a)	as to the practice and procedure of the First-tier Tribunal; 
(b)	as to the practice and procedure of the Upper Tribunal. 
(2) A Chamber President may give directions as to the practice and procedure of the 
chamber over which he presides. 
(3) A power under this section to give directions includes– 
(a)	power to va ry or re voke directions made in ex ercise of the po wer, and 
(b)	power to make different provision for different purposes (including different 
provision for different areas). 
(4) Directions under subsection (1) may not be given without the approval of the 
Lord Chancellor . 
(5) Directions under subsection (2) may not be given without the approval of– 
(a)	the Senior President of Tribunals, and 
(b)	the Lord Chancellor . 
(6) Subsections (4) and (5)(b) do not apply to directions to the extent that they 
consist of guidance about any of the following– 
(a)	the application or interpretation of the law; 
(b)	the making of decisions by members of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper 
Tribunal. 
(7) Subsections (4) and (5)(b) do not apply to directions to the extent that they 
consist of criteria for determining which members of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper 
Tribunal may be chosen to decide particular categories of matter; but the directions 
may, to that extent, be gi ven onl y after consulting the Lord Chancellor . 
Mediation 24.—(1) A person exercising power to make Tribunal Procedure Rules or give 
practice directions must, when making provision in relation to mediation, have regard 
to the following principles– 
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S 24-26 
(a)	mediation of matters in dispute between parties to proceedings is to take
place only by agreement between those parties;
(b)	where parties to proceedings fail to mediate, or where mediation between
parties to proceedings fails to resolve disputed matters, the failure is not to
affect the outcome of the proceedings.
(2) Practice directions may provide for members to act as mediators in relation to 
disputed matters in a case that is the subject of proceedings. 
(3) The provision that may be made by virtue of subsection (2) includes provision 
for a member to act as a mediator in relation to disputed matters in a case even though 
the member has been chosen to decide matters in the case. 
(4) Once a member has begun to act as a mediator in relation to a disputed matter in 
a case that is the subject of proceedings, the member may decide matters in the case 
only with the consent of the parties. 
(5) Staff appointed under section 40(1) may , subject to their terms of appointment, 
act as mediators in relation to disputed matters in a case that is the subject of 
proceedings. 
(6) In this section– 
“member” means a judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal or a judge or
other member of the Upper Tribunal;
“practice direction” means a direction under section 23(1) or (2);
“proceedings” means proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or proceedings
before the Upper Tribunal. 
Supplementary powers25.—(1) In relation to the matters mentioned in subsection (2), the Upper Tribunal– of Upper Tribunal 
(a)	has, in England and Wales or in Northern Ireland,  the same po wers, rights,
privileges and authority as the High Court, and
(b)	has, in Scotland, the same powers, rights, privileges and authority as the
Court of Session.
(2) The matters are– 
(a)	the attendance and examination of witnesses, 
(b)	the production and inspection of documents, and 
(c)	all other matters incidental to the Upper Tribunal’ s functions. 
(3) Subsection (1) shall not be taken– 
(a)	to limit any power to make Tribunal Procedure Rules; 
(b)	to be limited by anything in Tribunal Procedure Rules other than an express
limitation.
(4) A power, right, pri vilege or authority confe rred in a terr itory by subsection (1) is 
available for purposes of proceedings in the Upper Tribunal that take place outside 
that territory (as well as for purposes of proceedings in the tribunal that take place 
within that territory). 
26.—(1) Each of the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal may decide a cas– First-tier Tribunal and 
(a) in England and Wales,	Upper Tribunal: sitting 
places 
(b)	in Scotland, or 
(c)	in Northern Ireland, 
even though the case arises under the law of a territory other than the one in which the 
case is decided. 
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Ss. 27-29 
Enforcement 27.—(1) A sum payable in pursuance of a decision of the First-tier Tribunal or 
Upper Tribunal made in England and Wales– 
(a)	shall be recoverable as if it were payable under an order of a county court in 
England and Wales; 
(b)	shall be recoverable as if it were payable under an order of the High Court in 
England and Wales. 
(2) An order for the payment of a sum payable in pursuance of a decision of the 
First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal made in Scotland (or a copy of such an order 
certified in accordance with Tribunal Procedure Rules) may be enforced as if it were 
an extract registered decree arbitral bearing a warrant for execution issued by the 
sheriff court of any sheriffdom in Scotland. 
(3) A sum payable in pursuance of a decision of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper 
Tribunal made in Northern Ireland– 
(a)	shall be recoverable as if it were payable under an order of a county court in 
Northern Ireland; 
(b)	shall be recoverable as if it were payable under an order of the High Court in 
Northern Ireland. 
(4) This section does not apply to a sum payable in pursuance of– 
(a)	an award under section 16(6), or 
(b)	an order by virtue of section 21(1). 
(5) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for subsection (1) or (3) to 
apply in relation to a sum of a description specified in the order with the omission of 
one (but not both) of paragraphs (a) and (b). 
(6) Tribunal Procedure Rules– 
(a)	may make provision as to where, for purposes of this section, a decision is to 
be taken to be made; 
(b)	may pro vide f or all or an y of subsections (1) to (3) to a pply only , or not to 
apply except, in relation to sums of a description specified in Tribunal 
Procedure Rules. 
Assessors 28.—(1) If it appears to the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal that a matter 
before it requires special expertise not otherwise available to it, it may direct that in 
dealing with that matter it shall have the assistance of a person or persons appearing to 
it to have relevant knowledge or experience. 
(2) The remuneration of a person who gives assistance to either tribunal as 
mentioned in subsection (1) shall be determined and paid by the Lord Chancellor . 
(3) The Lord Chancellor may– 
(a)	establish panels of persons from which either tribunal may (but need not) 
select persons to give it assistance as mentioned in subsection (1); 
(b)	under paragraph (a) establish different panels for different purposes; 
(c)	after carrying out such consultation as he considers appropriate, appoint 
persons to a panel established under paragraph (a); 
(d)	remove a person from such a panel. 
Costs or expenses 29.—(1) The costs of and incidental to– 
(a)	all proceedings in the First-tier Tribunal, and 
(b)	all proceedings in the Upper Tribunal, 
shall be in the discretion of the Tribunal in which the proceedings take place. 
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Ss. 29-30 
(2) The relevant Tribunal shall have full power to determine by whom and to what 
extent the costs are to be paid. 
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) have effect subject to Tribunal Procedure Rules. 
(4) In any proceedings mentioned in subsection (1), the relevant Tribunal may– 
(a)	disallo w, or 
(b)	(as the case may be) order the legal or other representative concerned to 
meet, 
the whole of any wasted costs or such part of them as may be determined in accordance 
with Tribunal Procedure Rules. 
(5) In subsection (4) “wasted costs” means any costs incurred by a party– 
(a)	as a result of any improper , unreasonable or negligent act or omission on the 
part of any legal or other representative or any employee of such a 
representative, or 
(b)	which, in the light of any such act or omission occurring after they were 
incurred, the relevant Tribunal considers it is unreasonable to expect that 
party to pay . 
(6) In this section “legal or other representative”, in relation to a party to 
proceedings, means any person exercising a right of audience or right to conduct the 
proceedings on his behalf. 
(7) In the application of this section in relation to Scotland, any reference in this 
section to costs is to be read as a reference to expenses. 
CHAPTER  3 
TRANSFER OF TRIBUNAL FUNCTIONS 
30.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order provide for a function of a scheduled Transfer of functions of 
tribunal to be transferred– certain tribunals 
(a) to the First-tier Tribunal, 
(b) to the Upper Tribunal, 
(c) to the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal with the question as to 
which of them is to exercise the function in a particular case being determined 
by a per son under pro visions of the order , 
(d) to the First-tier Tribunal to the extent specified in the order and to the Upper 
Tribunal to the extent so specified, 
(e) to the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal with the question as to 
which of them is to exercise the function in a particular case being determined 
by, or under , Tribunal Procedure Rules, 
(f) to an employment tribunal, 
(g) to the Emplo yment Appeal T ribunal, 
(h) to an employment tri bunal and the Employment Appeal Tribunal with the 
question as to which of them is to exercise the function in a particular case 
being determined b y a person under pro visions of the order , or 
(i) to an employment tribunal to the extent specified in the order and to the 
Employment Appeal Tribunal to the extent so specif ied. 
(2) In subsection (1) “scheduled tribunal” means a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6 
that has effect for the purposes of this section. 
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Ss. 30-31 
(3) The Lord Chancellor may , as respects a function tr ansferred under subsection 
(1) or this subsection, by order provide for the function to be further transferred as 
mentioned in any of paragraphs (a) to (i) of subsection (1). 
(4) An order under subsection (1) or (3) may include provision for the purposes of 
or in consequence of, or for giving full effect to, a transfer under that subsection. 
(5) A function of a tribunal may not be transferred under subsection (1) or (3) if, or 
to the extent that, the provision conferring the function– 
(a)	would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament if it 
were included in an Act of tha t Parliament,  or 
(b)	would be within the le gisla tive competence of the Nor thern Ireland Assemb ly 
if it we re inc luded in an Act of that Assembl y. 
(6) Subsection (5) does not apply to– 
(a)	the Secretary of State's function of deciding appeals under section 41 of the 
Consumer Credit Act 1974 (c . 39), 
(b)	functions of the Consumer Cr edit Appeals Tribunal, 
(c)	the Secretary of State's function of deciding appeals under section 7(1) of 
the Estate Agents Act 1979 (c. 38), or 
(d)	functions of an adjudicator under section 5 of the Criminal Injuries 
Compensa tion Act 1995 (c . 53) (b ut see subsection (7)). 
(7) Functions of an adjudicator under section 5 of the Criminal Injuries 
Compensation Act 1995 (c . 53), so f ar as they relate to Scotland, may be transfe rred 
under subsection (1) or (3) only with the consent of the Scottish Ministers. 
(8) A function of a tribunal may be transferred under subsection (1) or (3) only with 
the consent of the Welsh Ministers if an y relevant function is ex ercisable in relation to 
the tri bunal by the Welsh Ministers (whether by the Welsh Ministers alone,  or b y the 
Welsh Ministers jointl y or concur rently with any other per son). 
(9) In subsection (8) “relevant function”, in relation to a tribunal, means a function 
which relates– 
(a)	to the oper ation of the tr ibunal (inc luding,  in par ticular , its member ship, 
administration, staff, accommodation and funding, and payments to its 
members or staff), or 
(b)	to the provision of expenses and allowances to persons attending the tribunal 
or attending elsewhere in connection with proceedings before the tribunal. 
Transfers under section 31.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for abolishing the 
30: supplementary tribunal by whom a function transferred under section 30(1) is exercisable immediately 
powers befo re its transfe r. 
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision, where functions of a tribunal 
are transferred under section 30(1), for a person– 
(a)	who is the tribunal (but is not the Secretary of State), or 
(b)	who is a member of the tribunal, or 
(c)	who is an authorised decision-maker for the tribunal, 
to (instead or in addition) be the holder of an office specified in subsection (3). 
(3) Those offices are– 
(a)	transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal, 
(b)	transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal, 
(c)	transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal, 
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S 31 
(d)	transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal, and 
(e)	deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal. 
(4) Where functions of a tribunal are transferred under section 30(1), the Lord 
Chancellor must exercise the power under subsection (2) so as to secure that each 
person who immediately before the end of the tribunal's life– 
(a)	is the tribunal, 
(b)	is a member of the tribunal, or 
(c)	is an authorised decision-maker for the tribunal, 
becomes the holder of an office specified in subsection (3) with effect from the end of 
the tribunal's life (if the person is not then already the holder of such an office). 
(5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to a person– 
(a)	by vir tue of the per son’s being the Secretary of State,  or 
(b)	by virtue of the person’ s being a Commissioner for the general purposes of
the income tax;
and a re ference in subsection (4) to the end of a tri bunal’ s life is to w hen the tr ibunal 
is abolished or (without being abolished) comes to have no functions. 
(6) For the purposes of this section, a person is an “authorised decision-maker” for 
a tribunal if– 
(a)	the tri bunal is listed in column 1 of an entry in the following Table, and 
(b)	the person is of the descr iption specif ied in column 2 of tha t entry . 
(1) 
Tribunal 
Adjudicator to Her Majesty’ s Land 
Registry
The Secretary of State as respects his 
function of deciding appeals under 
section 41 of the Consumer Credit Act 
1974 (c. 39) 
The Secretary of State as respects his 
function of deciding appeals under 
section 7(1) of the Esta te Agents Act 
1979 (c. 38) (2)
Authorised decision-maker
Member of the Adjudicator’ s staff who 
 is author ised b y the Adjudicator to 
carry out functions of the Adjudica tor 
which are not of an administrative 
character 
Person who is a member of a panel 
under regulation 24 of the Consumer 
Credit Licensing (Appeals) 
Regulations 1998 (S.I. 1998/1203) 
Person appointed, at any time after 
2005, under regulation 19(1) of the 
Estate Agents (Appeals) Regulations 
1981 (S.I. 1981/1518) to hear an 
appeal on behalf of the Secretary of 
State 
(7) Where a function of a tribunal is transferred under section 30(1), the Lord 
Chancellor may by order provide for procedural rules in force immediately before the 
transfer to have effect, or to have effect with appropriate modifications, after the 
transfer (and , accordingly , to be cap able of being v aried or re voked) as if they w ere– 
(a)	Tribunal Procedure Rules, or 
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Ss. 31-32 
(b)	employment tr ibunal procedure re gulations, or Appeal Tribunal procedure 
rules, within the meaning given by section 42(1) of the Employment Tribunals 
Act 1996 (c. 17). 
(8) In subsection (7)– 
“procedural rules” means provision (whether called rules or not)– 
(a)	regulating practice or procedure before the tribunal, and 
(b) applying for purposes connected with the exercise of the function; 
“appropriate modifications” means modifications (including additions and 
omissions) that appear to the Lord Chancellor to be necessary to secure, or 
expedient in connection with securing, that the procedural rules apply in relation 
to the e xercise of the function after the transfe r. 
(9) The Lord Chancellor may , in connection with pro vision made by or der under 
section 30 or the preceding provisions of this section, make by order such incidental, 
supplemental, transitional or consequential provision, or provision for savings, as the 
Lord Chancellor thinks fit, including provision applying only in relation to cases 
selected by a member– 
(a)	of the First-tier Tribunal, 
(b)	of the Upper Tribunal, 
(c)	of the Emplo yment Appeal Tribunal, or 
(d)	of a panel of members of employment tribunals. 
(10) Subsections (1), (2) and (7) are not to be taken as prejudicing the generality of 
subsection (9). 
Power to provide for 32.—(1) Subsection (2) applies if–
appeal to Upper (a) a function is transferred under section 30(1)(a), (c), (d) or (e) in relation to
Tribunal from tribunals 
in W ales	 England but is not tr ansfe rred under section 30(1) in relation to Wales, or 
(b)	a function that is not e xercisable in relation to Wales is tr ansferred under 
section 30(1)(a), (c), (d) or (e) in relation to England and, although there is a 
corresponding function tha t is e xercisable in r elation to Wales,  that 
corresponding function is not transferred under section 30(1) in relation to 
Wales. 
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by order– 
(a)	provide for an appeal against a decision to be made to the Upper Tribunal 
instead of to the court to which an appeal would otherwise fall to be made 
where the decision is made in ex ercising,  in relation to Wales, the function 
mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (as the case may be) the corresponding 
function mentioned in subsection (1)(b); 
(b)	 provide for a reference of any matter to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead 
of to the court to which a reference would otherwise fall to be made where 
the ma tter arises in e xercising,  in relation to Wales,  the function mentioned 
in subsection (1)(a) or (as the case may be) the corresponding function 
mentioned in subsection (1)(b). 
(3) The Lord Chancellor may by order provide for an appeal against a decision of a 
scheduled tribunal to be made to the Upper Tribunal, instead of to the court to which 
an appeal would otherwise fall to be made, where the decision is made by the tribunal 
in exercising a function in relation to Wales. 
(4) In subsection (3) “scheduled tribunal” means a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6 
that has effect for the purposes of that subsection. 
(5) An order under subsection (2) or (3)– 
(a)	may include provision for the purposes of or in consequence of, or for giving 
full effect to, provision made by the order; 
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(b)	may include such incidental, supplemental, transitional or consequential 
provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit. 
33.—(1) Subsection (2) applies if– 
(a)	a function is transferred under section 30(1)(a), (c), (d) or (e) in relation to 
England (whether or not also in relation to Wales) but is not transfe rred 
under section 30(1) in relation to Scotland, 
(b)	an appeal may be made to the Upper Tribunal against any decision, or any 
decision of a particular description, made in exercising the transferred 
function in relation to England, and 
(c)	no appeal may be made against a corresponding decision made in exercising 
the function in relation to Scotland. 
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by order provide for an appeal against any such 
corresponding decision to be made to the Upper Tribunal. 
(3) An order under subsection (2)– 
(a)	may include provision for the purposes of or in consequence of, or for giving 
full effect to, provision made by the order; 
(b)	may include such incidental, supplemental, transitional or consequential 
provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit. 
(4) An order under subsection (2) does not cease to have effect, and power to vary 
or revoke the order does not cease to be exercisable, just because either or each of the 
conditions in subsection (1)(b) and (c) ceases to be satisfied in relation to the function 
and decisions concerned. 
34.—(1) Subsection (2) applies if– 
(a)	a function is transferred under section 30(1)(a), (c), (d) or (e) in relation to 
England (whether or not also in relation to Wales) but is not transfe rred 
under section 30(1) in relation to Northern Ireland, 
(b)	an appeal may be made to the Upper Tribunal against any decision, or any 
decision of a particular description, made in exercising the transferred 
function in relation to England, and 
(c)	no appeal may be made against a corresponding decision made in exercising 
the function in relation to Northern Ireland. 
(2) The Lord Chancellor may by order provide for an appeal against any such 
corresponding decision to be made to the Upper Tribunal. 
(3) An order under subsection (2)– 
(a)	may include provision for the purposes of or in consequence of, or for giving 
full effect to, provision made by the order; 
(b)	may include such incidental, supplemental, transitional or consequential 
provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit. 
(4) An order under subsection (2) does not cease to have effect, and power to vary 
or revoke the order does not cease to be exercisable, just because either or each of the 
conditions in subsection (1)(b) and (c) ceases to be satisfied in relation to the function 
and decisions concerned. 
35.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order– 
(a)	transfer any relevant function, so far as that function is exercisable by a 
Minister of the Crown– 
(i) to the Lord Chancellor , or 
(ii)	to two (or more) Ministers of the Crown of whom one is the Lord 
Chancellor; 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security S2. 32-35 
Power to provide for 
appeal to Upper 
Tribunal from tribunals 
in Scotland 
Power to provide for 
appeal to Upper 
Tribunal from tribunals 
in Northern Ireland 
Transfer of Ministerial 
responsibilities for 
certain tribunals 
1.4557 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
S 35 
(b)	provide for any relevant function that is exercisable by a Minister of the 
Crown other than the Lord Chancellor to be exercisable by the other Minister 
of the Crown concurrently with the Lord Chancellor; 
(c)	provide for any relevant function that is exercisable by the Lord Chancellor 
concurrently with another Minister of the Crown to cease to be exercisable 
by the other Minister of the Crown. 
(2) In this section “relevant function” means a function, in relation to a scheduled 
tribunal, which relates– 
(a)	to the oper ation of the tr ibunal (inc luding,  in par ticular , its member ship, 
administration, staff, accommodation and funding, and payments to its 
members or staff), or 
(b)	to the provision of expenses and allowances to persons attending the tribunal 
or attending elsewhere in connection with proceedings before the tribunal. 
(3) In subsection (2) “scheduled tribunal” means a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6 
that has effect for the purposes of this section. 
(4) A relevant function may not be transferred under subsection (1) if, or to the 
extent that, the provision conferring the function– 
(a)	would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament if it 
were included in an Act of tha t Parliament,  or 
(b)	would be within the le gisla tive competence of the Nor thern Ireland Assemb ly 
if it we re inc luded in an Act of that Assembl y. 
(5) Subsection (4) does not apply to any relevant function of the Secretary of State– 
(a)	under section 41 of the Consumer Cr edit Act 1974 (c. 39) (appeals), or 
(b)	under section 7 of the Esta te Agents Act 1979 (c. 38) (appeals). 
(6) Any reference in subsection (1) to a Minister of the Crown includes a reference 
to a Minister of the Cro wn acting jointly . 
(7) An order under subsection (1)– 
(a)	may relate to a function either wholly or in cases (including cases framed by 
reference to areas) specified in the order; 
(b)	may include provision for the purposes of, or in consequence of, or for giving 
full effect to, the transfer or (as the case may be) other change as regards 
exercise; 
(c)	may include such incidental, supplementary , transitional or consequential 
provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit; 
(d)	may include pro vision for the transfer of an y propert y, rights or lia bilities of 
the person who loses functions or whose functions become shared with the 
Lord Chancellor . 
(8) An order under subsection (1), so far as it– 
(a)	provides under paragraph (a) for the transfer of a function, or 
(b)	provides under paragraph (b) for a function to become exercisable by the 
Lord Chancellor , or 
(c)	provides under paragraph (c) for a function to cease to be exercisable by a 
Minister of the Cr own other than the Lord Chancellor , 
may not, after that transfer or other change has taken place, be revoked by another 
order under that subsection. 
(9) Section 1 of the 1975 Act (po wer to tr ansfer Minister ial functions) does not 
apply to a function of the Lord Chancellor– 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4558 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Ss. 35-36 
(a) so far as it is a function transferred to the Lord Chancellor under subsection 
(1)(a), 
(b) so far as it is a function exercisable by the Lord Chancellor as a result of 
provision under subsection (1)(b), or 
(c) so far as it is a function that has become exercisable by the Lord Chancellor 
alone as a result of provision under subsection (1)(c). 
(10) In this section– 
“Minister of the Cr own” has the meaning g iven by section 8(1) of the 1975 Act 
but includes the Commissioners for Her Majesty’ s Revenue and Customs; 
“the 1975 Act” means the Minister s of the Cro wn Act 1975 (c. 26). 
36.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order transfer any power to make procedural 
rules for a scheduled tribunal to– 
(a) himself, or Transfer of powers to 
make procedural rules 
for certain tribunals 
(b) the Tribunal Procedure Committee. 
(2) A power may not be transferred under subsection (1) if, or to the extent that, the 
provision conferring the power– 
(a) would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament if it 
were included in an Act of that P arliament, or 
(b) would be within the le gislati ve competence of the Northern Ireland Assembl y 
if it we re included in an Act of that Assembl y. 
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to– 
(a) power confe rred by section 40A(3) or 41(2) of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 
(c. 39) (power to make provision with respect to appeals), or 
(b) power confe rred b y section 7(3) of the Estate Agents Act 1979 (c. 38) (duty 
of Secretary of State to make regulations with respect to appeals under section 
7(1) of tha t Act). 
(4) An order under subsection (1)(b)– 
(a) may not alter any parliamentary procedure relating to the making of the 
procedural rules concerned, but 
(b) may otherwise include provision for the purpose of assimilating the procedure 
for making them to the procedure for making Tribunal Procedure Rules. 
(5) An order under subsection (1)(b) may include provision requiring the Tribunal 
Procedure Committee to make procedural rules for purposes notified to it by the Lord 
Chancellor . 
(6) An order under this section– 
(a) may relate to a power either wholly or in cases (including cases framed by 
reference to areas) specified in the order; 
(b) may include provision for the purposes of or in consequence of, or for giving 
full effect to, the transfer; 
(c) may include such incidental, supplementary , transitional or consequential 
provision or savings as the Lord Chancellor thinks fit. 
(7) A power to make procedural rules for a tribunal that is exercisable by the Tribunal 
Procedure Committee by virtue of an order under this section must be exercised by the 
committee with a view to securing– 
(a) that the system for deciding matters within the jurisdiction of that tribunal is 
accessible and fair , 
(b) that proceedings bef ore tha t tribunal ar e handled quic kly and ef ficiently , 
(c) that the rules are both simple and simply expressed, and 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4559 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
S 36-38 
(d)	that the rules where appropriate confer on persons who are, or who are members 
of, that tribunal responsibility for ensuring that proceedings before that 
tribunal are handled quick ly and ef ficientl y. 
(8) In this section– 
“procedural rules”, in relation to a tribunal, means provision (whether called rules 
or not) regulating practice or procedure before the tribunal; 
“scheduled tribunal” means a tribunal in a list in Schedule 6 that has effect for the 
purposes of this section. 
Power to amend lists of 37.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order amend Schedule 6– 
tribunals in Schedule 6 (a)	for the purpose of adding a tribunal to a list in the Schedule; 
(b)	for the purpose of removing a tribunal from a list in the Schedule; 
(c)	for the purpose of removing a list from the Schedule; 
(d)	for the purpose of adding to the Schedule a list of tribunals that has effect for 
the purposes of any one or more of sections 30, 32(3), 35 and 36. 
(2) The following rules apply to the exercise of power under subsection (1)– 
(a)	a tribunal may not be added to a list, or be in an added list, if the tribunal is 
established otherwise than by or under an enactment; 
(b)	a tribunal established by an enactment passed or made after the last day of 
the Session in w hich this Act is passed must not be added to a list, or be in an 
added list, that has effect for the purposes of section 30; 
(c)	if any rele vant function is ex ercisable in r elation to a tri bunal by the Welsh 
Ministers (w hether by the Welsh Minister s alone,  or by the Welsh Minister s 
jointly or concurrently with any other person), the tribunal may be added to 
a list,  or be in an added list, only with the consent of the W elsh Ministers; 
(d)	a tribunal may be in more than one list. 
(3) In subsection (2)(c) “relevant function”, in relation to a tribunal, means a function 
which relates– 
(a)	to the oper ation of the tr ibunal (inc luding,  in par ticular , its member ship, 
administration, staff, accommodation and funding, and payments to its 
members or staff), or 
(b)	to the provision of expenses and allowances to persons attending the tribunal 
or attending elsewhere in connection with proceedings before the tribunal. 
(4) In subsection (1) “tr ibunal” does not include an ordinary court of law . 
(5) In this section “enactment” means any enactment whenever passed or made, 
including an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (within the meaning of 
the Inter pretation Act 1978 (c. 30)). 
Orders under sections 38.—(1) Provision in an order under any of sections 30 to 36 may take the form of 
30 to 36: supplementary amendments, repeals or revocations of enactments. 
(2) In this section “enactment” means any enactment whenever passed or made, 
including an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (within the meaning of 
the Interp retation Act 1978). 
(3) Any power to extend enactments to a territory outside the United Kingdom 
shall have effect as if it included– 
(a)	power to extend those enactments as they have effect with any amendments 
and repeals made in them by orders under any of sections 30 to 36, and 
(b)	power to extend those enactments as if any amendments and repeals made in 
them under those sections had not been made. 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4560 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Ss. 39-41 
CHAPTER  4
ADMINISTRA TIVE MATTERS IN RESPECT OF CER TAIN TRIB UNALS
39.—(1) The Lord Chancellor is under a duty to ensure that there is an efficient 
and effective system to support the carrying on of the business of– 
(a)	the First-tier Tribunal, 
(b)	the Upper Tribunal, 
(c)	employment tribunals, [and1] 
(d)	the Employment Appeal T ribunal, […1] 
(e)	 […1] 
and that appropriate services are provided for those tribunals (referred to in this section 
and in sections 40 and 41 as “the tribunals”). 
(2) Any reference in this section, or in section 40 or 41, to the Lor d Chancellor’ s 
general duty in relation to the tribunals is to his duty under subsection (1). 
(3) The Lord Chancellor must annually prepare and lay before each House of 
Parliament a report as to the way in which he has discharged his general duty in 
relation to the tribunals. 
40.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may appoint such staff as appear to him appropriate 
for the purpose of discharging his general duty in relation to the tribunals. 
(2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), the Lord Chancellor may enter into such 
contracts with other persons for the provision, by them or their sub-contractors, of 
staff or services as appear to him appropriate for the purpose of discharging his general 
duty in relation to the tribunals. 
(3) The Lord Chancellor may not enter into contracts for the provision of staff to 
discharge functions which in volve making judicial decisions or ex ercising any judicial 
discretion. 
(4) The Lord Chancellor may not enter into contracts for the provision of staff to 
carry out the administrative work of the tribunals unless an order made by the Lord 
Chancellor authorises him to do so. 
(5) Before making an order under subsection (4) the Lord Chancellor must consult 
the Senior President of Tribunals as to what effect (if any) the order might have on the 
proper and efficient administration of justice. 
(6) An order under subsection (4) may authorise the Lord Chancellor to enter into 
contracts for the provision of staff to discharge functions– 
(a)	wholly or to the e xtent specif ied in the or der, 
(b)	generally or in cases or areas specif ied in the order , and 
(c)	unconditionally or subject to the fulfilment of conditions specified in the 
order. 
41.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may provide, equip, maintain and manage such tribunal 
buildings, offices and other accommodation as appear to him appropriate for the purpose 
of discharging his general duty in relation to the tribunals. 
(2) The Lord Chancellor may enter into such arrangements for the provision, 
equipment, maintenance or management of tribunal buildings, offices or other 
accommodation as appear to him appropriate for the purpose of discharging his general 
duty in relation to the tribunals. The general duty 
Tribunal staff and 
services 
Provision of 
accommodation 
1	Word inser ted in s. 39(1)(c) & a w ord in s. 39(1)(d) & s. 39(1)(e) omitted (15.2.10) b y S.I. 
2010/21, Sch. 1, para. 40(a) & (b). 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security	 1.4561 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Ss. 41-43 
(3) The powers under– 
(a)	section 2 of the Commissioner s of Works Act 1852 (c. 28) (acquisition b y 
agreement), and 
(b)	 section 228(1) of the Town and Countr y Planning Act 1990 (c . 8) (compulsor y 
acquisition), 
to acquire land necessary for the public service are to be treated as including power to 
acquire land for the purpose of its provision under arrangements entered into under 
subsection (2). 
(4) In this section “tribunal building” means any place where any of the tribunals 
sits, including the precincts of any building in which it sits. 
Fees	 42.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order prescribe fees payable in respect of– 
(a)	anything dealt with by the First-tier Tribunal, 
(b)	anything dealt with by the Upper Tribunal, 
(c)	 […1], 
(d)	anything dealt with by an added tribunal, and 
(e)	mediation conducted by staff appointed under section 40(1). 
(2) An order under subsection (1) may , in particular , contain pro vision as to– 
(a)	scales or rates of fees; 
(b)	exemptions from or reductions in fees; 
(c)	remission of fees in whole or in part. 
(3) In subsection (1)(d) “added tribunal” means a tribunal specified in an order 
made by the Lord Chancellor . 
(4) A tribunal may be specified in an order under subsection (3) only if– 
(a)	it is established by or under an enactment, whenever passed or made, and 
(b)	is not an or dinary court of la w. 
(5) Before making an order under this section, the Lord Chancellor must consult– 
(a)	the Senior President of Tribunals, and 
(b)	the Administr ative Justice and T ribunals Council. 
(6) The making of an order under subsection (1) requires the consent of the Treasury 
except where the order contains provision only for the purpose of altering amounts 
payable by way of fees already prescribed under that subsection. 
(7) The Lord Chancellor must take such steps as are reasonably practicable to bring 
information about fees under subsection (1) to the attention of persons likely to have 
to pay them. 
(8) Fees payable under subsection (1) are recoverable summarily as a civil debt. 
(9) Subsection (8) does not apply to the recovery in Scotland of fees payable under 
this section. 
(10) Until the Administr ative Justice and Tribunals Council f irst has ten members 
appointed under paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 7, the reference to that council in 
subsection (5) is to be read as a reference to the Council on Tribunals. 
Report by Senior 43.—(1) Each year the Senior President of Tribunals must give the Lord Chancellor 
President of Tribunals a report covering, in relation to relevant tribunal cases– 
(a)	matters that the Senior President of Tribunals wishes to bring to the attention 
of the Lor d Chancellor , and 
1 S. 42(1)(c) omitted (15.12.10) by S.I. 2010/21, Sch. 1, para. 41. 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4562 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
(b)	matters that the Lord Chancellor has asked the Senior President of Tribunals 
to cover in the report. 
(2) The Lord Chancellor must publish each report given to him under subsection 
(1). 
(3) In this section “relevant tribunal cases” means– 
(a)	cases coming before the First-tier Tribunal, 
(b)	cases coming before the Upper Tribunal, 
(c)	cases coming befo re the Emplo yment Appeal Tribunal,  [and1] 
(d)	cases coming before employment tribunals, […1] 
(e)	 […1]
 CHAPTER  5 
OVERSIGHT OF ADMINISTRA TIVE JUSTICE SYSTEM , TRIBU NALS AND INQ UIRIES 
44.—(1) There is to be a council to be kno wn as the Administra tive Justice and 
Tribunals Council. 
(2) In Schedule 7– 
Part 1 makes provision about membership and committees of the Council, 
Part 2 makes provision about functions of the Council, 
Part 3 requires the Council to be consulted before procedural rules for certain 
tribunals are made, confirmed etc., and
Part 4 contains interpretative provisions.
45.—(1) The following are abolished– 
(a)	the Council on Tribunals, and 
(b)	the Scottish Committee of the Council on Tribunals. 
(2) In consequence of subsection (1), sections 1 to 4 of the Tribunals and Inquiries 
Act 1992 (c. 53) cease to have effect. 
(3) The Lor d Chancellor may by order tr ansfer to the Administra tive Justice and 
Tribunals Council the proper ty, rights and liabilities of– 
(a)	the Council on Tribunals; 
(b)	the Scottish Committee of the Council on Tribunals. 
CHAPTER  6
SUPPLEMENT ARY
46.—(1) The Lord Chief J ustice of England and Wales ma y nominate a judicial 
office holder (as def ined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Refo rm Act 2005) to 
exercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (2). 
(2) The provisions are–
paragraphs 3(4) and 6(3)(a) of Schedule 2;
paragraphs 3(4) and 6(3)(a) of Schedule 3;
paragraphs 2(2) and 5(5) of Schedule 4;
paragraphs 21(2), 22, 24 and 25(2)(a) of Schedule 5.
(3) The Lord President of the Court of Session may nominate any of the following 
to exercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (4)– Ss. 43-46 
The Administr ative 
Justice and Tribunal 
Council 
Abolition of the Council 
on Tribunals 
Delegation of Functions 
by Lord Chief Justice 
etc. 
1	Word added to s. 43(3)(c) & s. 43(3)(e) omitted (15.2.10) b y S.I. 2010/21,  Sch. 1,  para. 42(a) 
& (b) 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security	 1.4563 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Ss. 46-47 
(a)	a judge who is a member of the First or Second Division of the Inner House 
of the Court of Session; 
(b)	the Senior President of Tribunals. 
(4) The provisions are– 
paragraphs 3(2) and 6(3)(b) of Schedule 2; 
paragraphs 3(2) and 6(3)(b) of Schedule 3; 
paragraphs 2(3) and 5(6) of Schedule 4; 
paragraphs 23, 24, 25(2)(b) and (c) and 28(1)(b) of Schedule 5. 
(5) The Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland may nominate any of the following 
to exercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (6)– 
(a)	the holder of one of the offices listed in Schedule 1 to the Justice (Northern 
Ireland) Act 2002 (c. 26); 
(b)	a Lor d Justice of Appeal (as def ined in section 88 of that Act); 
(c)	the Senior President of Tribunals. 
(6) The provisions are– 
paragraphs 3(3) and 6(3)(c) of Schedule 2; 
paragraphs 3(3) and 6(3)(c) of Schedule 3; 
paragraphs 2(4) and 5(7) of Schedule 4; 
paragraphs 24 and 25(2)(c) of Schedule 5. 
Co-operation in relation 47.—(1) Persons with r esponsibilities in connection with a courts-rela ted acti vity, 
to judicial training, and persons with responsibilities in connection with the corresponding tribunals 
guidance and welfare activity, must co-oper ate with eac h other in r elation to the car rying-on of those 
activities. 
(2) In this section “courts-related activity” and “corresponding tribunals activity” 
are to be read as follows– 
(a)	making arrangements for training of judiciary of a territory is a courts-related 
activity, and the cor responding tri bunals acti vity is making ar rangements 
for training of tribunal members; 
(b)	making arrangements for guidance of judiciary of a territory is a courts-
related acti vity, and the corresponding tribunals acti vity is making 
arrangements for guidance of tribunal members; 
(c)	making arrangements for the welfare of judiciary of a territory is a courts-
related acti vity, and the corresponding tribunals acti vity is making 
arrangements for the welfare of tribunal members. 
(3) Subsection (1) applies to a person who has responsibilities in connection with 
a courts-related activity only if– 
(a)	the person is the chief justice of the territory concerned, or 
(b)	what the person does in discharging those responsibilities is done (directly 
or indirectly) on behalf of the chief justice of that ter ritor y. 
(4) Subsection (1) applies to a person who has responsibilities in connection with 
a corresponding tribunals activity only if– 
(a)	the person is the Senior President of Tribunals, or 
(b)	what the person does in discharging those responsibilities is done (directly 
or indirectly) on behalf of the Senior President of Tribunals. 
(5) For the purposes of this section– 
(a)	“territory” means– 
(i) England and Wales, 
(ii) Scotland, or 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4564 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Ss. 47-49 
(iii) Northern Ireland; 
(b)	the “chief justice”– 
(i) of England and Wales is the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, 
(ii) of Scotland is the Lord President of the Court of Session, and 
(iii) of Northern Ireland is the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland; 
(c)	a person is a “tribunal member” if the person is– 
(i) a judge , or other member , of the F irst-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal, 
(ii)	 a judge , or other member , of the Emplo yment A ppeal Tribunal, [1or] 
(iii) a member of a panel of members of employment tribunals (whether or
not a panel of chairmen), […1]
(iv) […1] 
48.—(1) Schedule 8, which makes–	 Consequential and other 
amendments consequential on provisions of this Part, and other amendments in amendments, and 
transitional provisionsconnection with tribunals and inquiries, 
has effect. 
(2) Schedule 9, which contains transitional provisions, has effect. 
49.—(1) Power–	 Orders and regulations 
under Part 1:(a)	of the Lord Chancellor to mak e an order , or re gulations, under this P art, supplement and 
(b)	of the Senior President of Tribunals to make an order under section 7(9), or procedural provisions 
(c)	of the Scottish Ministers , or the Welsh Ministers , to mak e an or der under
paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7,
is exercisable by statutory instrument. 
(2) The Statutory Instruments Act 1946 (c. 36) shall apply in relation to the powe r 
to make orders conferred on the Senior President of Tribunals by section 7(9) as if the 
Senior President of Tribunals were a Minister of the Crown. 
(3) Any power mentioned in subsection (1) includes power to make different 
provision for different purposes. 
(4) Without pr ejudice to the generality of subsection (3), po wer to make an order 
under section 30 or 31 includes power to make different provision in relation to 
England,  Scotland, Wales and Northern Ir eland respecti vely. 
(5) No order mentioned in subsection (6) is to be made unless a draft of the statutory 
instrument containing it (whether alone or with other provision) has been laid before, 
and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament. 
(6) Those orders are– 
(a)	an order under section 11(8), 13(6) or (14), 30, 31(1), 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 or
42(3);
(b)	an order under paragraph 15 of Schedule 4; 
(c)	an order under section 42(1)(a) to (d) that provides for fees to be payable in
respect of things for which fees have never been payable;
(d)	an order under section 31(2), (7) or (9), or paragraph 30(1) of Schedule 5,
that contains provision taking the form of an amendment or repeal of an
enactment comprised in an Act.
(7) A statutory instrument that– 
(a)	contains– 
1	Word added to s. 47(5)(c)(ii) & s. 47(5)(c)(i v) omitted (15.2.10) b y S.I. 2010/21,  Sch. 1, 
para. 43(a) & (b). 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security	 1.4565 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
S. 49-Sch. 5 
(i) an order mentioned in subsection (8), or 
(ii) regulations under Part 3 of Schedule 9, and 
(b)	is not subject to any requirement that a draft of the instrument be laid before, 
and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament, 
is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament. 
(8) Those orders are– 
(a)	an order made by the Lord Chancellor under this Part; 
(b)	an order made by the Senior President of Tribunals under section 7(9). 
(9) A statutory instrument that contains an order made by the Scottish Ministers 
under paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7 is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution 
of the Scottish Parliament. 
(10) A statutory instrument that contains an order made by the Welsh Ministers 
under paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7 is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution 
of the National Assembl y for Wales. 
Ss. 50-Sch 4 not r eproduced in this work 
SCHEDULE 5	 SECTION  22 
PROCEDURE IN FIRST -TIER TRIB UNAL AND UPPER TRIB UNAL 
PART 1 
TRIB UNAL PR OCEDURE R ULES 
Introductory 1.—(1) This Part of this Schedule makes further provision about the content of 
Tribunal Procedure Rules. 
(2) The generality of section 22(1) is not to be taken to be prejudiced by– 
(a)	the following paragraphs of this Part of this Schedule, or 
(b)	any other provision (including future provision) authorising or requiring 
the making of provision by Tribunal Procedure Rules. 
(3) In the following paragraphs of this Part of this Schedule “Rules” means Tribunal 
Procedure Rules. 
Concurrent functions 2. Rules may make provision as to who is to decide, or as to how to decide, which 
of the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal is to exercise, in relation to any particular 
matter , a function that is ex ercisable by the two tri bunals on the basis tha t the question 
as to which of them is to ex ercise the function is to be deter mined b y, or under , Rules. 
Delegation of functions 3.—(1) Rules may provide for functions– 
to staff (a) of the First-tier Tribunal, or 
(b) of the Upper Tribunal,
to be exercised by staff appointed under section 40(1).
(2) In making provision of the kind mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) in relation to a 
function, Rules may (in particular)– 
(a)	provide for the function to be exercisable by a member of staff only if the 
member of staff is, or is of a description, specified in exercise of a discretion 
conferred by Rules; 
(b)	provide for the function to be exercisable by a member of staff only if the 
member of staff is approved, or is of a description approved, for the purpose 
by a person specified in Rules. 
Supplement No. 93 [Dec 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4566 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
Sch. 5 
4. Rules may make provision for time limits as respects initiating, or taking any Time limits 
step in, proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal. 
5. Rules may make provision restricting the making of fresh applications where a Repeat applications 
previous application in relation to the same matter has been made. 
6. Rules may make provision about the circumstances in which the First-tier Tribunal acting of its 
Tribunal, or the Upper Tribunal, may exercise its powers of its own initiative. own initiative 
7. Rules may– Hearings 
(a) make provision for dealing with matters without a hearing; 
(b) make provision as respects allowing or requiring a hearing to be in private or 
as respects allowing or requiring a hearing to be in public. 
8. Rules may make provision for proceedings to take place, in circumstances Proceedings without 
descr ibed in Rules, at the request of one par ty ev en though the other , or another , party notice 
has had no notice. 
9. Rules may make provision conferring additional rights of audience before the Representation 
First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal. 
10.—(1) Rules may make provision about evidence (including evidence on oath Evidence, witnesses and 
and administration of oaths). attendance 
(2) Rules may modify any rules of evidence provided for elsewhere, so far as they 
would apply to proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal. 
(3) Rules may make provision, where the First-tier Tribunal has required a person­
(a) to attend at any place for the purpose of giving evidence, 
(b) otherwise to make himself available to give evidence, 
(c) to swear an oath in connection with the giving of evidence, 
(d) to give evidence as a witness, 
(e) to produce a document, or 
(f) to facilitate the inspection of a document or any other thing (including any 
premises), 
for the Upper Tribunal to deal with non-compliance with the requirement as though 
the requirement had been imposed by the Upper Tribunal. 
(4) Rules may make provision for the payment of expenses and allowances to persons 
giving evidence, producing documents, attending proceedings or required to attend 
proceedings. 
11.— (1) Rules may make provision for the disclosure or non-disclosure of Use of information 
information received during the course of proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or 
Upper Tribunal. 
(2) Rules may make provision for imposing reporting restrictions in circumstances 
described in Rules. 
12.—(1) Rules may make provision for regulating matters relating to costs, or (in Costs and expenses 
Scotland) expenses, of proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal. 
(2) The provision mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) includes (in particular)– 
(a) provision prescribing scales of costs or expenses; 
(b) provision for enabling costs to undergo detailed assessment in England and 
Wales by a county court or the High Court ; 
(c) provision for taxation in Scotland of accounts of expenses by an Auditor of 
Court; 
The Law Relating to Social Security Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] 1.4567 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Sch. 5 
Set-off and interest 
Arbitration 
Correction of errors and 
setting-aside of 
decisions on procedural 
grounds 
Ancillary powers 
Rules may refer to 
practice directions 
Presumptions 
Differential provision 
Membership (d)	provision for enabling costs to be taxed in Northern Ireland in a county 
court or the High Court; 
(e)	provision for costs or expenses– 
(i) not to be allowed in respect of items of a description specified in Rules; 
(ii)	 not to be allowed in proceedings of a description so specified; 
(f)	provision for other exceptions to either or both of subsections (1) and (2) of 
section 29. 
13.—(1) Rules may make provision for a party to proceedings to deduct, from 
amounts payable by him, amounts payable to him. 
(2) Rules may make provision for interest on sums awarded (including provision 
conferring a discretion or provision in accordance with which interest is to be 
calculated). 
14. Rules ma y pro vide for Pa rt 1 of the Arbitra tion Act 1996 (c . 23) (which extends 
to England and Wales,  and Nor thern Ireland, but not Scotland) not to ap ply, or not to 
apply except so far as is specified in Rules, where the First-tier Tribunal, or Upper 
Tribunal, acts as arbitr ator. 
15.—(1) Rules may make provision for the correction of accidental errors in a 
decision or record of a decision. 
(2) Rules may make provision for the setting aside of a decision in proceedings 
before the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal– 
(a)	where a document relating to the proceedings was not sent to, or was not 
receiv ed at an appr opriate time by , a party to the proceedings or a part y’s 
representative, 
(b)	where a document relating to the proceedings was not sent to the First-tier 
Tribunal or Upper Tribunal at an appropriate time, 
(c)	where a party to the proceedings,  or a part y’s representat ive, was not pr esent 
at a hearing related to the proceedings, or 
(d)	where there has been any other procedural irregularity in the proceedings. 
(3) Sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not be taken to prejudice, or to be prejudiced 
by, any power to cor rect erro rs or set aside decisions that is ex ercisab le apart from rules 
made by virtue of those sub-paragraphs. 
16. Rules may confer on the First-tier Tribunal, or the Upper Tribunal, such ancillary 
powers as are necessary for the proper discharge of its functions. 
17. Rules ma y, instead of pro viding for any matter , refer to pr ovision made or to be 
made about that matter by directions under section 23. 
18. Rules may mak e provision in the fo rm of presumptions (including,  in particular , 
presumptions as to service or notification). 
19. Rules may make different provision for different purposes or different areas. 
PART 2 
TRIB UNAL PR OCEDURE COMMITTEE 
20. The Tribunal Procedure Committee is to consist of– 
(a)	the Senior President of Tribunals or a person nominated by him, 
(b)	the persons currently appointed by the Lord Chancellor under paragraph 21, 
(c)	the persons currently appointed by the Lord Chief Justice of England and 
Wales under para graph 22, 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4568 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
(d)	the person currently appointed by the Lord President of the Court of Session 
under paragraph 23, and 
(e)	any person currently appointed under paragraph 24 at the request of the 
Senior President of Tribunals. 
21.—(1) The Lord Chancellor must appoint– 
(a)	three persons each of whom must be a person with experience of– 
(i) practice in tribunals, or 
(ii)	advising persons in volved in tribunal proceedings, a nd 
(b)	one person nominated by the Administr ative Justice and Tribunals Council. 
(2) Before making an appointment under sub-paragraph (1), the Lord Chancellor 
must consult the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. 
(3) Until the Administra tive Justice and T ribunals Council f irst has ten members 
appointed under paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 7, the reference to that council in sub­
paragraph (1)(b) is to be read as a reference to the Council on Tribunals; and if, when 
the Administr ative Justice and Tribunals Council f irst has ten members so appointed , 
the person appointed under sub-paragraph (1)(b) is a nominee of the Council on 
Tribunals, that person ceases to be a member of the Tribunal Procedure Committee at 
that time. 
22.—(1) The Lord Chief J ustice of England and Wales must a ppoint– 
(a)	one of the judges of the First-tier Tribunal, 
(b)	one of the judges of the Upper Tribunal, and 
(c)	one person who is a member of the First-tier Tribunal, or is a member of the 
Upper Tribunal, but is not a judge of the First-tier Tribunal and is not a judge 
of the Upper Tribunal. 
(2) Before making an appointment under sub-paragraph (1), the Lord Chief Justice 
of England and Wales must consult the Lord Chancellor . 
23.—(1) The Lord President of the Court of Session must appoint one person with 
experience in and knowledge of the Scottish legal system. 
(2) Before making an appointment under sub-paragraph (1), the Lord President of 
the Cour t of Session must consult the Lord Chancellor . 
24.—(1) At the request of the Senior President of Tribunals, an appropriate senior 
judge may appoint a person or persons with experience in and knowledge of– 
(a)	a particular issue, or 
(b)	a particular subject area in relation to which the First-tier Tribunal or the 
Upper Tribunal has, or is likely to have, jurisdiction, 
for the purpose of assisting the Committee with regard to that issue or subject 
area. 
(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “an appropriate senior judge” means any of– 
(a)	the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, 
(b)	the Lord President of the Court of Session, and 
(c)	the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland. 
(3) The total number of persons appointed at any time under sub-paragraph (1) 
must not e xceed four . 
(4) Before making an appointment under sub-paragraph (1), the person making the 
appointment must consult the Lord Chancellor . 
Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security Sch. 5 
Lord Chancellor’ s 
appointees 
Lord Chief J ustice’ s 
appointees 
Lord Pr esident’ s 
appointee 
Persons appointed at 
request of Senior 
President of Tribunals 
1.4569 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
Sch. 5 
Power to amend 
paragraphs 20 to 24 
Committee members' 
expenses 
Meaning of "Rules" and 
"the Committee" 
Process for making 
Rules (5) The terms of appointment of a person appointed under sub-paragraph (1) may 
(in particular) authorise him to act as a member of the Committee only in relation to 
matters specified by those terms. 
25.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order– 
(a)	amend any of paragraphs 20, 21(1), 22(1), 23(1) and 24(1), and 
(b)	make consequential amendments in any other provision of paragraphs 21 to 
24 or in paragraph 28(7). 
(2) The making of an order under this paragraph– 
(a)	requir es the concur rence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and W ales, 
(b)	if the order amends paragraph 23(1), requires also the concurrence of the 
Lord President of the Court of Session, and 
(c)	if the order amends paragraph 24(1), requires also the concurrence of the 
Lord President of the Court of Session and the Lord Chief Justice of Northern 
Ireland. 
26. The Lord Chancellor may reimburse members of the Tribunal Procedure 
Committee their travelling and out-of-pocket expenses. 
PART 3
MAKING OF TRIB UNAL PR OCEDURE R ULES BY TRIB UNAL PR OCEDURE
COMMITTEE
27. In the following provisions of this Part of this Schedule–
“ “the Committee” means the Tribunal Procedure Committee;
“ “Rules” means Tribunal Procedure Rules.
28.—(1) Before the Committee makes Rules, the Committee must– 
(a)	consult such persons (including such of the Chamber Presidents) as it 
considers appropriate, 
(b)	consult the Lord President of the Court of Session if the Rules contain 
provision relating to proceedings in Scotland, and 
(c)	meet (unless it is inexpedient to do so). 
(2) Rules made by the Committee must be– 
(a)	signed by a majority of the members of the Committee, and 
(b)	submitted to the Lord Chancellor . 
(3) The Lord Chancellor may allow or disallow Rules so made. 
(4) If the Lord Chancellor disallows Rules so made, he must give the Committee 
written reasons for doing so. 
(5) Rules so made and allowed– 
(a)	come into force on such day as the Lord Chancellor directs, and 
(b)	are to be contained in a statutory instrument to which the Statutory 
Instruments Act 1946 (c . 36) a pplies as if the instrument contained rules 
made by a Minister of the Crown. 
(6) A statutory instrument containing Rules made by the Committee is subject to 
annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament. 
(7) In the case of a member of the Committee appointed under paragraph 24, the 
terms of his appointment may (in particular) provide that, for the purposes of sub­
paragraph (2)(a), he is to count as a member of the Committee only in relation to 
matters specified in those terms. 
1.45670 Supplement No. 85 [Dec 2008] The Law Relating to Social Security TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c. 15 
29.—(1) This paragraph applies if the Lord Chancellor gives the Committee written 
notice that he thinks it is expedient for Rules to include provision that would achieve 
a purpose specified in the notice. 
(2) The Committee must make such Rules, in accordance with paragraph 28, as it 
considers necessary to achieve the specified purpose. 
(3) Those Rules must be made– 
(a)	within such period as may be specified by the Lord Chancellor in the notice, 
or 
(b)	if no period is so specified, within a reasonable period after the Lord 
Chancellor gives the notice to the Committee. 
PART 4
POWER TO AMEND LEGISLA TION IN CONNECTION WITH TRIB UNAL
PROCEDURE R ULES
30.—(1) The Lord Chancellor may by order amend, repeal or revoke any enactment 
to the extent he considers necessary or desirable– 
(a)	in order to facilitate the making of Tribunal Procedure Rules, or 
(b)	in consequence of– 
(i) section 22, 
(ii) Part 1 or 3 of this Schedule, or 
(iii) Tribunal Procedure Rules. 
(2) In this paragraph “enactment” means any enactment whenever passed or made, 
including an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (within the meaning of 
the Interpretation Act 1978 (c. 30)). Sch. 5 
Power of Lord 
Chancellor to require 
Rules to be made 
Lord Chancellor's power 
Supplement No. 90 [March 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security 1.4571 TRIBU NALS, COUR TS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 c . 15 
S. 49 
Tribunals, Courts and Enfo rcement Act 2007 c. 15 
LIST OF OMISSIONS 
The following provisions have been omitted from the text for the reasons stated:-
Ss. S1 - Sch. 4 ... ... relates to work outside the scope of these volumes 
Sch. 6-8 para. 16 ... ... relates to work outside scope of these volumes 
Sch. 8 paras. 17-30 ... ... makes consequential amendments to various sections of 
the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 82 
Sch. 8 para. 31 ... ... makes amendments to work outside the scope of these 
volumes 
Sch. 8 paras. 32-34 ... ... amends section 185 of the P ensions Sc hemes Act 1993 
Sch. 8 paras. 35-48 ... ... makes various amendments to the Employment Tribunals 
Act 1996 
Sch. 9 para. 49 -
Sch. 13 para. 92 ... ... relates to work outside the scope of these volumes 
Sch. 13 paras. 93-97 ... ... makes v arious amendments to the Child Suppor t Act 1991 
Sch. 13 para. 101-127 ... makes various amendments to the Local Government 
Finance Act 1992, The Pensions Act 1995 
The Finance Act 1996, The Employment Tribunals Act 
1996 and the Social Security (Recov ery of Benef its) Act 
1997 
Sch. 13 para. 128 -
Sch. 23 ... ... relates to work outside the scope of these volumes. 
1.4572 (–1.5000) Supplement No. 90 [March 2010] The Law Relating to Social Security TRIBUNALS, COURTS AND ENFORCEMENT ACT 2007 
2007 c. 15  
                                              
ISBN 978-0-10-541507-7 
 
_____________________ 
 
 
CORRECTION 
 
Schedule 16 
 
Schedule 16, paragraph 4(2): “In subsection (2)(a ) ...” should read “In subsection (2)(c) ...”; 
and 
 Schedule 16, paragraph 15(2): “In subsection (1)(b) ...” should read “In subsection (1)(c) ...”.   
 
August 2011  
 
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