TDC3 (5616 )P3 
    Second  Edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Textiles – Woven bags made from natural fibres – Part 2: Bags for 
milled products  – Specification s  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
i 
 Foreword  
This second edition of this D raft Tanzania Standard has been prepared to spec ify requirements to be 
complied  by manufacturers producing w oven bags from natural fibres for packing and storage of milled 
products.  
In this second edition, review has been made to oil content and moisture regain parameters and their test 
methods respectively.  
In the preparation of this Draft Tanzania Standard assistance was derived from:  
KS 133: 2013 Woven bags made from natural fibres for milled products – Specifications.  
 
This second edition cancels and replaces th e first edition TZS 1263: 2010:  Textiles – Woven bags made 
from natural fibres – specification Part 2: Bags for milled produc ts. 
 
 
 
  
 
1 
 1 Scope  
This Draft Tanzania Standard specifies the bag cloth and making -up requirements for woven bags made 
from coarse  natural fibres for packing and storage of milled products.  
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the app lication of this Draft Tanzania  Standard.  
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the 
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
TZS 4 , Textiles - Rounding  off numerical values  
 
TZS 20, Textiles – Woven fabrics – Determination of number of threads per unit length and per unit 
width  
 
TZS 21, Textiles – Woven or knitted fabrics – Determination of  mass per unit len gth and per unit 
area 
 
TZS 22, Textiles – Woven fabrics – Determination of breaking load and extension  
 
TZS 44, Textiles – Woven or knitted fabrics - determination of width and length  
 
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this Draft Tanzania S tandard, the following te rms and definitions shall apply;  
3.1 Fibre   
Unit of matter characterised by flexibility fineness and high ratio of length to thickness.  
 
3.2 Natural fibre  
Fibres  that are produced from plants, animals, and geological processes. They can be used as a component 
of composite  materials, where the orientation of fibres impacts the proper ties. Natural fibres can also be 
matted  into sheets to make products such as paper , felt or fabric.  
 
3.3 Bag  cloth  
Heavy cloth made from natural fibres in either plain/twill.  
 
3.4 Sacks  
Bags made from materials as defined in 3.1 and used for packing various products.  
3.5 Double warp (DW) tarpaulin  
Double warp, single weft  plain woven fabric of finer construction than bagging.  
 
3.6 Double warp (DW) bagging  
As in 3.5, but a coarser fabric.  
 
3.7 Cropping  
Process whereby the short protruding fibres on the fabric surface are removed by sharpened, spiral blade.  
3.8 Singein g 
Process whereby the short protruding unwanted surface fibres on the fabric surface are removed by burning 
against a hot plate or in a flame.   
 
2 
 3.9 Ends  
Yarns running along the length of the fabric and parallel to the direction of selvedge.  
3.10 Picks  
Yarns running across the width of the fabric and perpendicular to the direction of the warp ends.  
3.11 Selvedge  
Longitudinal edges of a fabric that are formed on the right and left sides during the weaving process.  
4   Requirements  
For the purpose of this Draft Tanzania Standard, the woven bag shall comply wit h the requirements as 
shown in T able 1.  
4.1.1 Construction and properties  
The bag cloth shall be woven from natural fibre yarns and shall comply with t he requirements in T able 1.  
4.1.2 Freedom from defects  
The bag cloth when visually examined shall be free from weaving defects such as holes, tears, floats, 
crushed selvedge, spots and stains.  
Table 1: Sacking construction and properties  
SN Characteristic  Requirements   Test method  
1. Dimensions (100kg maximum)  
i) Outside length  
ii) Inside width   
110cm  
70cm   
TZS 44  
2. Mass per unit area g/m2, min  600 TZS 21  
3. Warp (ends) per 10 cm min 
Weft (shots) per 10 cm min 34 
56  
TZS 20  
4. Bag cloth breaking force, N , min 
 Warp  
 Weft  
700 
700  
TZS 22  
5. Added oil content, max.  5% Annex A.1  
6. Moisture regain, max.  10% Annex A.2  
7 Breaking strength of seam , N, min, 
(warp and weft direction)  650 TZS 22  
8 Number of stitches per 10 cm, min  12 Clause 4.2.2  
 
4.2 Making -Up. 
4.2.1 Stitching thread  
The stitching thread shall be of natural or man -made fibres.   
 
3 
 4.2.2  Determination of stitch density  
Count the number of stitches over a length of 10 cm on each side seam and bottom seam (if any) of each 
bag. Space the measurements so that both sides are adequately assessed. Cal culate the mean reading 
and report the mean for each bag.  
4.2.3  Hemming  
Where selvedge do not form the mouth hems, the raw edges of the sacking at the mouth of the paper bag 
shall first be turned over to a depth of at least 1.5 cm then to a depth of at lea st 2.00 cm and the three layers 
of the sacking thus formed shall be firmly stitched.  
4.3 Identification of the bag  
For the purpose  of identification, there shall be a minimum of two bands of coloured t hreads woven into the 
bag cloth . Each band shall have a  minimum of two threads. The colours used shall be clearly visible or 
otherwise as may be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.  
5   Packing  
The bags shall be packed in bales of  agreed quantity. The bales shall be wrapped or covered with suitable 
materials and securely bound or stitched to prevent damage/or contamination.  
Table 2  – Requirements of a packed bale  
       Characteristic     Requirements  Tolerance  
 
Total number of bags per bale  
 
Contract mass of a bale  
 
Correct mass of a bale   
150 
 
150 kg (min.)  
 
150kg (min.)   
- 
 
±2.5 
 
- 
6   Marking  
The following information shall be clearly marked on each bale:  
a) manufacturer’s name and address and/or registered trade mark;  
b) description of goods;  
c) quantity of pieces;  
d) lot number;  
e) gross mass of the bale;  
f) dimensions of bag . 
 
  
 
4 
 Annex A  
(Normative)  
A.1 Oil c ontent  
 
A.1.1  Cut out one strip measuring 5 cm x 5 cm. Place it in a thimble in a soxhelt extractor. Add about 100mL 
of trichroethylene  or light petroleum to the clean, dry extraction flask previously weighed correct to 1 mg. 
extract the test specimen for 1 h 30 min to 2 h such that the extractor siphons at least 10  times. Disconnect 
the apparatus.  
 
A.1.2 Recover the excess of solvent by heating the flask on water bath at 90  ̊C to 95  ̊C (see Note) and 
allow a stream of air to pass through the flask by means of a tube terminating just below the neck. Remove 
all traces of moisture by heating the flask to 105 ± 3̊C for 3min. Weigh the flask a nd determine the mass of 
the extract.  
 Note : If light petroleum is used as solvent, the temperat ure of water bath shall be 6 0̊ C to 65 ̊C  
 
 
    Note: All dimensions in millimetres  
 
FIG1. – SIZE AND SHAPE OF TEST – SPECIMEN FOR SEAM STRENGTH  
 
 
5 
 A.1.3  Remove the thimble from the soxhelt extractor and allow the solvent to evaporate. Transfer the 
extracted specimen to a tared weighing bottle. Dry the specimen at 105 ± 3  ̊ C for at least 3h. Cool and 
weigh. Determine the oven dry mass of the extracted spe cimen by the following formula:  
 
  
Where,  
 A = Percentage, the mass, of the added oil content of the test specimen,  
 
 X = Mass, in g, of the extract (see Clause A10.3).  
 
 d = the percentage of naturally occurring oil and wax in the sample removed during 
 extraction, and  
 
 V = Oven dry mass, in g, of the extracted test specimen (see clause 10.3)  
  
Note : The value of d lies between 0.19 and 0.34 % for trichloroethylene and 0.16 and 0.22% for light 
petroleum. For general calculations, the values for d   may be as taken as 0.25 % for trichloroethylene  
and 0.2 for light p etroleum. However, of  correct figures can be obtained, they shall be used.  
 
A.2 Moisture regain  
Cut out two strips, each measuring about 25 cm x 25 cm, from the sacking of ea ch bag and determine the 
average moisture regain in using the formula:  
 
Where,  
R is the percentage moisture regain;  
M is the original mass of the strip; and  
m is the oven -dry mass of the strip.  
 
 

mmM100R