ICS 65.040.10  
 
Reference number
DRS 293: 2020
© RSB 2020
  
 RWANDA 
STANDARD  DRS
293
Second edition
2020 -mm-dd
Milk collection centre — Basic 
requirements  
   
DRS 293: 2020  
©RSB 2020 - All rights reserved                  ii 
 In order to match with technological development and to keep continuous progress in industries, 
standards are subject to periodic review. Users shall ascertain that they are in possession of the latest 
edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© RSB2020  
All rights reserved. Unless  otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized 
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without  
prior written permission from R SB. 
Requests for permission to reproduce thi s document should be addressed to : 
Rwanda Standards  Board  
P.O Box 7099 Kigali -Rwanda  
KK 15 Rd, 49  
Tel. +250 788303492  
Toll Free: 3250  
E-mail: info@rsb.gov.rw  
Website: www.rsb.gov.rw  
ePortal: www.portal.rsb.gov.rw  DRS 293: 2020  
iii                ©RSB2020 - All rights reserved  
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 1 
3 Terms and defi nitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 1 
4 Operational License  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 2 
5 Location  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 2 
6 General facility design requirements  ................................ ................................ .............................. 2 
7 MCClayout requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 3 
7.1 Reception area ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..3 
7.2 Areas for raw milk receiving tanks  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..4 
7.3 Laboratory  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 4 
7.4 Cleaning area for equipment ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 4 
7.5 Office space  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......5 
7.6 Toilets and urinals  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 5 
7.7 Shower and  changing rooms  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 6 
7.8 Ventilationand Lighting  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 6 
8 Utilities  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 6 
8.1 Road accessibility  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 6 
8.2 Water and electricity ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 6 
9 Raw milk receiving machines, equipment and tools  ................................ ................................ ......7 
9.1 General requirements ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 7 
9.2 Equipment and tools relevant to raw milk receiving ................................ ................................ .......7 
9.3 Milk hoses, water hoses and cleaning hoses ................................ ................................ .................. 8 
9.4 Hygienic condition of pipe system  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..8 
10 Raw milk cooling system  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 8 
11 Transportation and Vehicles  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 9 
11.1  Transportation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..9 
11.2  Raw milk transport vehicle  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 9 
12 Management of unprocessed milk ................................ ................................ ................................ ...9 
13 Hygiene  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  10 
13.1  General requirements ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  10 
13.2  Persona l hygiene management  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 10 
14 Safety measures and environmental management  ................................ ................................ ....... 11 
 DRS 293: 2020  
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 Foreword  
Rwanda Standard sareprepared by Technical Committees and approved by R wanda Standards Board (RSB) 
Board  of Directors in  accordance with the procedures of RSB, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT 
agreement on the preparation, adoption and application of standards.  
The main task of technical committees is to prepare national standards.  Final Draft Rwanda S tandards 
adopted by Technical committ ees are ratifie d by me mbers of RSB Board of Director s for publication and 
gazettment as Rwanda Standards.  
DRS293 was prepared by joint Technical Committee sRSB/TC 004, Milk and milk products  and RSB/TC 009 
Civil engineering and building materials.  
In the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following standard  (s): 
1) TAS 6401: 2005: Good manufacturing practices for milk collection centre  
The assistance de rived from the above source is hereby acknowledged with thanks . 
This second edition  cancels and replac es the first edition  (RS  293: 2016 ), whichhas been technically revised.  
Committee membership  
The following organizations were represented on the joint Technical Committee on Milk and milk products 
(RSB/TC 004) and RSB/TC 009 Civil engineering and building materials in the preparation of this standard.  
Paragraph of p articipants  
Rwanda  Standards Board (RSB) – Secretariat  
 DRS 293: 2020  
1                ©RSB2020 - All rights reserved  
 Milk collection centre s— Basic requirements  
1 Scope  
This Draft Rwanda Standard providesrequirements  for premises, utilities, equipme nt, personnel, operations 
and management of milk collection centre s. 
2 Normative  references  
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of  their content constitutes 
requirements of this document.  For dated references, only the editioncited applies. For undated references, 
the latest edition of th e referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
RS CAC/RCP 1, General principles for food hygiene — Code of practice  
RS CAC/RCP 57, Code of hygienic practice for milk and milk products  
RS EAS 67, Raw cow milk —Specification  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, the follow ing terms and definitions apply  
3.1 
raw milk  
normal, clean and fresh secretion extracted from the udder of a healthy cow but excluding that obtai ned during 
the first seven days after calving  
3.2 
Milk C ollection Centre  (MCC)  
premises where milk collected from dairy farmers is  delivered , tested and c ooled . 
3.3 
laboratory  
room  within the complex of the MCC  where raw milk is subjected to quality and safety tests   
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 3.4 
reception tank  
specifically designed container used f or receiving raw milk  that has passed quality and safety tests before  
transferring to the cooling tank 
3.6 
cooling tank  
container used for  cooling raw milk between 2 °C and 4 °C and able to maintain that temperature constant 
during the period of storage . 
4 Operational License  
Milk Collection Centre shall be licensed by the competent authority.  
5 Location  
5.1 The location of milk collection cent reshall comply  to the land use and zoning requirements provided by 
the competent authority  
5.2 Milk collection center shall be in the appropriate location distanced from any source of pollution, such as 
smoke and rubbish dump and waste disposal area.  
5.3 Where possible, selection of location shall consider areas not prone to flooding. However, where it is 
unavoidable, fou ndation designs for the facility shall comply to the requirements of RS 113 and national 
building code requirements so as to prevent cracking, settlements, and structural failures.  
5.4 There shall be sufficient space for accommodation of minimum 2 trucks/ vehicle parking and other 
essential inputs.  
5.5 The Milk Collection Centre shall be accessible by road.  
5.6 The Milk Collection Centre shall have access to facilities such as clean water, communication 
facilities  
5.7 The Milk Collection Centre shall have sufficient power supply.  
6 General facility design requirements  
6.1 The design and construction shall conform to the requirements of the national building codes and 
relevant Rwanda Standards.  
6.2 Thebuildin g material s used shall comply with relevant Rwanda standards. Materials shall be durable  
andnon-toxic DRS 293: 2020  
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 6.3 Building shall be structurally sound and hygienically designed and constructed to prevent cross -
contaminationfrom exterior, and to be safe and proper for operation.  
6.4 Building design and layout shall be designed so that there is a separation of clean  andunclean working 
operations.  
6.5 The buildings and facilities shall be designed to prevent the entrance and harboring of pest and the entry 
of environmental contaminants such as smoke and dust.  
6.6 The foundations shall be adequately designed to carry theall loads of the building and shall be 
termiteproofed.  
6.7 The floor shall be finished with non -absorbent, easy to clean, non-slip materials and without crevices.  
6.8 Wall finishes shall be made of materials that do not  cause contamination. Interior surface shall be 
smooth without dirtaccumulation, clean and undamaged, with no opening passage to prevent the entry o f 
disease carrieranimals.  
6.9 All in door corners and edges of MCC  shall have curved finishing.  
6.10 The roof of the milk collection center shall be such that it does not transmit any undesirable 
substancesto the raw milk being handled.  
6.11 Ceiling shall be designed, constructed and finished as to prevent the accumulati on of dirt and 
minimizecondensation, mould development and flaking and shall be easy to clean.  
6.12 All doors shall be flush finished on the interior side, capable of easy cleaning, non -absorbent and 
shallbe protected on both sides by non -corroding metal k ick plates to prevent damage which may provide 
accessfor rodents, where appropriate, be self -closing and close fitting.  
6.13 All windows shall be provided with non-corrosive screens fitted to the outside which shall be removable 
for cleaningand the sills s hall be slopping.  
6.14 The MCC shall be fenced with at least 2 m high fence to avoid unauthorized entrance.  
6.15 Wash hand basins (Hand washing facilities) shall be either knee or pedal operated, with suitable 
handcleaning preparation and with suitable hygienic means of drying hands.  
7 MCC layout requirements  
7.1 Reception area  
7.1.1  Hygienic measures shall be in place before entering the building, room or area for raw milk 
receiving,i.e., disinfectant solution basin for boots or shoes to prevent contamination, non-hand operated hand 
washbasin and equipped with liquid soap and hand drying kits.  
7.1.2  Clean and undamaged doors or plastic curtains shall be closed tightly to prevent dust and insect.   
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 7.1.3  Floor shall be made of non-abrasive , non -corrosive, non -absor bent and easy to clean 
materials,undamaged, and shall drain easily. Wall and floor connection shall be of curved angle.  
7.1.4  A drainage system shall be well flown, undamaged, clean, and shall be:  
a) equipped with wire -mesh before draining out of the building , in case of closed drains, and  
b) equipped with U -shaped gutters, in case of open drains.  
7.2 Areas for raw milk receiving tanks  
7.2.1  The area shall be distanced from parking area to prevent contamination.  
7.2.2  Raw milk receiving tank shall be placed at the height that cause no risk of contamination  
7.3 Laboratory  
7.3.1  The laboratory shall have sufficient area for the purpose and comply to relevant laboratory design 
standards.  
7.3.2  The floor shall be of non -absorbent, washable and non -slip materials, without crevices, easy to 
cleanand disinfect.  
7.3.3  The wall shall be non -absorbent and easy to clean  
7.3.4  Hot and cold water supply shall be available in the laboratory.  
7.3.5  Laboratory shall be equipped with appropriate equipment and materials to conduct basic  test, such 
asresazurin, milk fat content, density and alcohol test.  
7.4 Cleaning area for equipment  
7.4.1  Milk collection center shall be provided with indoor cleaning room as follows:  
a) the floor shall be made of non -absorbent, washable and non -slip materials without crevices, easy to clean 
and disinfect.  
b) the wall shall be finished with non -absorbent, washable and easy to clean materials  
c) hot and cold water supply shall be available in the cleaning room.  
7.4.2  Raw milk container washing areas shall be provided f or members as follows:  
a) the washing area shall be distanced from parking area to prevent contamination;  
b) washing areas for members shall be designed and finished as to facilitate the operations;  DRS 293: 2020  
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 c) washing areas shall be finished with non -absorbent materials an d easy to clean;  
d) floor shall be slope and able to rapidly drain out the water;  
e) sufficient and appropriate cleaning tools for empty raw milk containers shall be provided  
7.5 Office space  
7.5.1  Office in the milk collection center shall not cause any contamination to the raw milk receiving 
building.  
7.5.2  The office space shall be:  
a) easily accessible for staff and other visitors;  
b) clearly signposted;  
c) well aerated;  
d) safe and unobstructed; and  
e) clean, naturally well -lit and suitably furnished.  
7.6 Toilets and urinals  
7.6.1  Milk Collection Center shall be provided with separate and designated toilets and urinals for member s 
and for staff as follows:  
a) toilets and urinals for male and female shall be separately constructed in an area that does not bri ng ill 
effect on the collected milk;  
b) toilets inside the milk collection center shall be hygienic, located in appropriate position, adequa te and 
able to prevent cross -contamination effectively;  
c) the floor of the toilets and urinals shall be non -absorbent, washable and non -slip, without crevices and 
shall be easy to clean and disinfect. The floors shall slope sufficiently for liquids to drain to tr apped outlets 
including grates;  
d) the wall shall be constructed from non - absorbent, washable materials and they shall be smooth and 
without crevices and shall be easy to clean and disinfect;  
e) the toilets and urinals shall be furnished with appropriate hand washing facilities equipped with hy gienic 
materials such as liquid soap or solid soap sanitizers, nail brushes, disposable towel s or air -drying 
equipment or tissue paper hunger.   
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 f) Design shall take into consideration of toilet facilities for persons with disabilities as per RS 11 5 
requirements  
7.7 Shower and changing rooms  
7.7.1  There shall be separate changing room (s) and shower(s) for  male and female workers  
7.7.1.1  Shower and changing room shall be hygienic, located in appropriate positions, adequate and able 
to prevent cross -contamination effectively.  They shall have shower faucets and other plumbing fixtures  
7.7.1.2  Showers and chan ging room shall be finished with non-absorbent , washable and easy to clean 
materials  
7.7.1.3  Changing rooms shall be furnished with labelled  lockers.  
7.7.1.4  All cleaning materials shall be provided.  
7.8 Ventilation and Lighting  
Indoor ventilation shall be as f ollows:  
a) ventilation system shall be designed and installed as to allow better  air flow and not being dampening 
shall be available .Passive ventilation systems designs shall be used where necessary ; 
b) Such system or device shall not be installed in an area that may pose a risk of contamination to raw milk.  
c) Lighting shall be adequately provided as per relevant standards specific to the use of each room. Na tural 
lighting shall be utilized where possible.  
8 Utilities  
8.1 Road accessibility  
8.1.1  Access roads to Milk Collection Center shall be at least designed as per RS 267 requirements  for 
feeder roads.  
8.1.2  The building verge, main internal access road, loading bays and all areas serving vehicular traffic 
shall be either paved or tarred.  
8.2 Water and electricity  
8.2.1  Running water under pressure shall be easily accessible to all rooms and areas in which milk 
ishandled and equipment are washed.  
8.2.2  The water shall meet potable water standards requirements (See RS EAS 12). The water shall 
bemicrob iologically tested at least twice a year and especially following cleaning and disinfection of 
waterstorage tanks.  DRS 293: 2020  
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 8.2.3  MCC shall be equipped with Water storage tanks of adequate capacity to ensure the availability 
ofwater all the times. Where possible wat er storage shall be equipped with a pumping system.  
8.2.4  The tanks and contents shall be inspected at frequent intervals and emptied cleaned and 
disinfectedas necessary and at least once per year.  
8.2.5  In cases where the total water hardness exceeds 500 mg/l (as CaCo3). Water softeners shall be 
usedfor all water where heat treatment cleaning or rinsing is involved.  
8.2.6  Cold and hot water point, at a sufficient pressure shall be installed for cleaning milk transporting  
tanksand the washing area shall be located downward of the MCC and shall be connected to the main 
drainagecanal.  
8.2.7  The electrical installation shall comply with Rwanda Electrical code  and standards  
8.2.8  Installation of electric wires and sockets shall be neat, well arranged and shall be in the position 
thatcause no contamination but safe for operators.  
8.2.9  Light bulb shall be equipped with clean bulb cover that has no dust, cobweb or dirty stain, 
particularlyin the risky areas, such as an area over the raw milk receiving tank.  
8.2.10  Light bulb shall be undamaged, able to provide sufficient light and functional at every operating 
area,particularly those areas that are the critical control point of food safety such as raw milk re ceiving tank 
area,cleaning area for equipment and tools a nd chemical preparation area for cleaning,  
8.2.11  MCC shall be provided with power back -up systems. It may be electric generators or solar systems.  
9 Raw milk receiving machines, equipment and tools  
9.1 General requirements  
9.1.1  Adequate and effective machines  and equipment shall be provided  
9.1.2  Machines and equipment installation system shall be in accordance with raw milk receiving lines.  
9.1.3  Machines and equipment surface in contact with raw milk shall be made of rust -free metal.  
9.1.4  Machines and equip ment shall be installed in the positions that facilitate the operation, maintenance 
and cleaning.  
9.1.5  Safety systems for personnel protection shall be in place.  
9.2 Equipment and tools relevant to raw milk receiving  
9.2.1  Filter of raw milk before pouring in to the receiving tank shall be provided.   
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 9.2.2  Raw milk receiving tank shall be rust -free metal without dead -end area and positioned at the height 
ofno risk of contamination.  
9.2.3  Raw milk scale shall be precise and regularly calibrated  
9.2.4  Pumps, valve s and joints shall be strong, clean and hygienic. Part of contact surface shall be made 
ofrust -free metal without any reaction to raw milk.  
9.3 Milk hoses, water hoses and cleaning hoses  
9.3.1  Hoses shall be separated by types of operation, namely water hoses,  milk hoses.  
9.3.2  Milk hoses shall be made of materials that cannot cause any contamination.  
9.3.3  They shall be Clean, undamaged, and no crack  
9.3.4  Tools used in combination with the hoses such as hose belt shall be made of rust -free metal.  
9.3.5  After use, equipment and tools shall be properly placed and stored without contact to the floor.  
9.4 Hygienic condition of pipe system  
9.4.1  Pipes shall be clean, undamaged and no crack in order to prevent raw milk contamination.  
9.4.2  Raw milk contacted surface sha ll be made of rust -free materials without any reaction to raw milk.  
9.4.3  Pipes shall be protected from damage in accordance with their use.  
9.4.4  The symbols and signs shall be provided for each type of pipe and flow direction.  
10 Raw milk cooling system  
10.1 The cooling system shall be able to reduce the raw milk temperature to the range of 2 °C and 4 °C 
withintwo hours and maintain the raw milk temperature constantly.  
10.2 The device shall be regularly maintained and calibrated  
10.3 Temperature shall be monitored and record kept.  
10.4 Where water is used in the cooling system it shall be treated for its quality. In case the chemicals  
areused, only food grade chemicals shall be used.  DRS 293: 2020  
9                ©RSB2020 - All rights reserved  
 11 Transportation and Vehicles  
11.1 Transportation  
11.1.1  Transportation of raw milk shall be prepared appropriately and hygienically so as to prevent 
crosscontamination.  
11.1.2  Raw milk shall be tested before transporting to processing plants.  
11.1.3  Transport vehicle shall be cleaned after each delivery of raw milk to processing pla nts. 
11.1.4  Results of transportation shall be inspected, monitored and evaluated by observing and 
interviewingoperators.  
11.1.5 Records or reports shall be kept at the milk collection center for not less than two years.  
11.1.6 The milk tankers shall be pr ovided with seals/lock.  
11.2 Raw milk transport vehicle  
11.2.1  Raw milk transport tanks shall be designed and insulated to maintain steady/constant temperature 
orits variation not over 4 °C until reaching its destination.  
11.2.2  Outlet valve system shall be independently controlled and installed at an appropriate position in 
ahygienic manner without any dead -end area or crevice leading to the leftover of raw milk in the tank. 
Thesystem shall be equipped with device to prevent cross -contamination.  
11.2.3  Rubbe r seal of the tank lid shall be in good condition, no cracking, clean, and insulated to maintain 
aconstant temperature.  
11.2.4  Security device for unattended opening of lid and valve during transportation shall be available.  
11.2.5  Tank chamber, valves, li d and pipe shall be able to be cleaned thoroughly by using CIP system 
orother cleaning methods. The cleaning shall include outside surface of the tank.  
11.2.6  Loaded raw milk transport vehicle shall be parked in shaded area.  
12 Management of unprocessed milk  
12.1 Time schedule for raw milk receiving shall be set.  
12.2 Quality of raw milk from members shall be tested according to the quality requirements specified in 
RS35 and clear criteria for rejection shall be announced.  
12.3 The holding time of the unproces sed milk at MCC shall not exceed 24 h.   
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 13 Hygiene  
13.1 General requirements  
Operation in the Milk Collection Centre shall be done accordance with the provisions in RS CAC/RCP 1  
andRS CAC/RCP 57.  
13.2 Personal hygiene management  
13.2.1  Hygiene of unprocessed milk receiving operators shall be monitored in order to reduce the 
possibilityof contamination during the operations and recorded regularly for assessment as follows:  
a) nails shall be clipped and kept clean;  
b) uniform or clothes shall be clean;  
c) hair shall be entire ly covered with cap as well as mouth and nose shall be covered with a mask 
duringoperations;  
d) apron shall be waterproof and clean;  
e) wear clean boots or shoes for use in a specific area;  
f) do not wear any accessories during the operations;  
g) record the results of  personal hygiene inspection and dressing every week;  
h) establish hygienic rules for operators who have any symptom of gastrointestinal diseases, 
respiratorydiseases or wound that may cause risk of raw milk contamination;  
i) report annual health examination inc luding tuberculosis, dermatitis, parasite and hepatitis.  
13.2.2  Clearly assign duty for each personnel involving in all stages of production process and raw milk 
transportation, including promotion and service personnel.  
13.2.3  Train and check the operator s whose works are involving raw milk in order to acquire basic 
knowledge according to standard of good practices as follows:  
13.2.3.1  Acquire basic knowledge on relevant operations, such as basic knowledge on milk production and 
its components, on milk -borne zoonoses and have experience on the work assigned.  
13.2.3.2  Train operators before beginning work in order to assure their ability to practice the assignment.  
13.2.3.3  Train the operators on the specific areas of their responsibility, i.e, repairing and  maintenance 
ofmachines and equipment, calibration of the scale and temperature measurement device as well as 
laboratoryanalysis.  DRS 293: 2020  
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 13.2.3.4  Train the driver on good hygienic practices for raw milk transportation.  
13.2.3.5  Provide training to review and refresh their knowledge for at least once a year.  
13.2.3.6  Trainers and inspectors shall be officers from the competent authority.  
14 Safety measures and environmental management  
Safety measures concerning operating areas, equipment, management of chemicals a nd their 
containersincluding environmental management in waste water treatment system shall be established 
according torelevant regulations  
14.1 Safety measures shall be as follows:  
a) the security shall be guaranteed by either security guards or CCTVs;  
b) alarm  device or system for operating areas shall be in place in order to remind operators to be 
morecareful and to warn in the risky area in which the danger may occur;  
c) First-Aid kit and training course thereof shall be provided;  
d) fire extinguishers shall be ins talled;  
e) personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be provided to protect personnel from injury during 
chemicalpreparation. The PPE shall be indicated by sign, easily reached and properly used.  
14.2 Hygienic and effective control systems and preventive meas ures against disease carrier animals 
shallbe in place.  
14.3 Hygienic waste disposal system shall be in place.  
14.4 Management system for chemicals and their containers shall be in place.  
14.4.1  Chemicals shall be labeled and stored in a proper shelf or locker with indication.  
14.4.2  Chemicals that are no longer used and empty containers shall be eliminated by using proper 
methodsnot causing contamination.  
14.5 Drains inside the building of milk collection center shall be as follows:  
a) closed drains shall b e equipped with sieves in order to prevent clogging or gradual accumulation of debris;  
b) open drains shall be U -shaped in order to be cleaned easily and unable to accumulate debris;  
c) in case of waste water drainage without using drain inside the building, the  floor shall be slope and able 
torapidly drain out in order to ensure that there is no water logging causing contamination;   
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 d) drains shall be clean, undamaged and good conditions with sufficient slope for well drainage;  
e) drains shall have sieve for filtering prior to releasing outside the building, and for preventing the entry 
ofinsects and disease carrier animals;  
f) waste water treatment system shall not generate disturbing odour, pollution and contamination to 
thecenter.  
g) effectiveness of waste water treatment shall be monitored, recorded and kept the document fortraceability 
purpose for at least 2 years.  
14.6 The entry of pets into the center is prohibited.  
 
  DRS 293: 2020  
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 Bibliography  
[1] RS 293: 2016, Milk collection centre —Basic requirements , First edition  
 DRS 293: 2020  
 
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