DEAS 12: 2022  
ICS 13.060.20  
 
© EA C 2022                                                                                                                            Fourth  Edition 2022   
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Potable water  — Specification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 12: 2022  
ii © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice  
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Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.  
Violators may be prosecuted . DEAS 12 : 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  4 
4.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  4 
4.2 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  5 
5 Contaminants  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  5 
6 Microbiological requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  7 
7 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  8 
7.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  8 
7.2 Parameters required for minimum monitori ng ................................ ................................ ...................  8 
Annex  A (informative)  Guidelines for water safety plans  ................................ ................................ ...........  10 
A.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  10 
A.2 Key components of water safety plan  ................................ ................................ ...............................  10 
A.3 Water safety plan  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 10 
A.4 Surveillance  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  11 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  13 
 
 DEAS 12: 2022  
iv © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the Ea st African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
The Community has established an East African Standards Committe e (EASC)  mandated to develop and 
issue East African Standards  (EAS) . The Committee is composed of representatives of the National 
Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the public and private sector 
organizations  in the community .  
East African Standards are developed through  Technical Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties. 
Draft East African Standards are circula ted to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the 
Partner States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the Principles and procedures for development of East African Standar ds.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
The committ ee responsible  for this document is Technical Committee EASC /TC 081, Drinking water . 
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
This fourth  edition cancels and replaces the third edition ( EAS 12:2018 ), which has been technically rev ised.  
 DEAS 12 : 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  v 
 Introduction  
The provision of safe and quality drinking -water is high priority for human health.  
The appearance, taste and odour of drinking -water should be acceptable to the consumer. This will build the 
confidence of consumers, avoid complaints and, more importantly, prevent consumers from the use of water 
from sources that may be unsafe.  
Safety of water is affected by s everal factors including environmental, the nature of the source, the human 
activities undertaken on or around the sources and the water harvesting, handling and treatment that may be 
undertaken. Thus, water may be exposed to physical, chemical and microbi ological contamination that may 
make water unsafe for human consumption.  
A few chemical contaminants have been shown to cause adverse health effects in humans as a consequence 
of prolonged exposure through drinking -water however; some inorganic elements a re also recognized to be 
essential elements in human nutrition.  
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites (e.g. protozoa and helminths) are 
the most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking -water. The greate st risk to public 
health from microbes in water is associated with consumption of drinking -water that is contaminated with 
human and animal excreta, although other sources and routes of exposure may also be significant.  
Consumers have no means of judging t he safety of their drinking -water themselves. Water producers have a 
challenge of ensuring the quality and safety of water they provide. Regulators are required to establish health -
based targets that must be met by water operators.  
This standard has been d eveloped to ensure provision of safe and quality drinking water for human 
consumption. It sets requirements for physic o-chemical and microbiological characteristics ; and limits for 
contaminants that affect safety and quality of drinking water.  
 
 EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 12:2022  
 
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  1 
 Potable w ater — Specification  
1 Scope   
This Draft East African Standard specifies requirements , sampling  and test methods for  potable water  
intended for direct human consumption, domestic and industrial use  
2 Normative references   
The following documents are referr ed to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes 
requirements of this document.  For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, 
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendmen ts) applies.  
ASTM D 5907 -13, Standard test methods for filterable matter (total dissolved solids) and non -filterable matter 
(total suspended solids) in water  
ASTM D 3871 -84, Standard  test method for purgeable organic compounds in water using headspace 
samp ling 
EAS 39, Hygiene in the food and drink manufacturing industry — Code of practice  
ASTM D 6239 -09, Standard  test method for uranium in drinking water by high -resolution alpha -liquid -
scintillation spectrometry  
ISO 10301 , Water quality ━ Determination of h ighly volatile halogenated hydrocarbons ━ Gas 
chromatographic methods  
ISO 10359, Water quality -- Determination of fluoride  
ISO 10523, Water quality -- Determination of pH  
ISO 11423, Water quality -- Determination of benzene and some derivatives  
ISO 11732,  Water quality -- Determination of ammonium nitrogen -- Method by flow analysis (CFA and FIA) 
and spectrometric detection  
ISO 11885, Water quality -- Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical 
emission spectrometry (ICP -OES)  
ISO 11923, Water quality -- Determination of suspended solids by filtration through glass -fibre filters  
ISO 11969, Water quality -- Determination of arsenic -- Atomic absorption spectrometric method (hydride 
technique)  
ISO 12020, Water quality -- Determinat ion of aluminium ━ Atomic absorption spectrometric methods  
ISO 12846, Water quality -- Determination of mercury -- Method using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) 
with and without enrichment   
2 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 ISO 28540 , Water  quality -- Determination of 16 polycyclic  arom atic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water -- Method 
using gas chromatography  with mass spectrometric detection (GC -MS) 
ISO 14402, Water quality -- Determination of phenol index by flow analysis (FIA and CFA)  
ISO 14911, Water quality -- Determination of dissolved Li+, Na+, NH 4+, K+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ 
using ion chromatography -- Method for water and waste water  
ISO 15061, Water quality -- Determination of dissolved bromate -- Method by liquid chromatography of ions  
ISO 15089, Water quality -- Guidelines f or selective immunoassays for the determination of plant treatment 
and pesticide agents  
ISO 15681, Water quality -- Determination of orthophosphate and total phosphorus contents by flow analysis 
(FIA and CFA)  
ISO 16265, Water quality -- Determination of th e methylene blue active substances (MBAS) index -- Method 
using continuous flow analysis (CFA)  
ISO 16266, Water quality -- Detection and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ━ Method by membrane 
filtration  
ISO 21567, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs ━ Horizontal method for the detection of Shigella 
spp. 
ISO 22743, Water quality -- Determination of sulfates -- Method by continuous flow analysis (CFA)  
ISO 5961, Water quality -- Determination of cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometry  
ISO 6059, Water quality -- Determination of the sum of calcium and magnesium -- EDTA titrimetric method  
ISO 6222, Water quality -- Enumeration of culturable microorganisms ━ Colony co unt by inoculation in 
nutrient agar culture media  
ISO 6332 , Water quality ━ Determination of iron -spectrometric method using 1, 10 -phenanthroline  
ISO 6333, Water quality -- Determination of manganese -- Formaldoxime spectrometric method  
ISO 6340, Water qua lity ━ Detection and enumeration of Salmonella  
ISO 6461 -2, Water quality -- Detection ad enumeration of the spores of sulphite -reducing anaerobes 
(clostridia) ━ Part 2: Method by membrane filtration  
ISO 6703, Water quality -- Determination of cyanide  
ISO 6 777, Water quality -- Determination of nitrite -- Molecular absorption spectrometric method  
ISO 7027 Water quality -- Determination of turbidity  
ISO 7393, Water quality -- Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine  
ISO 7887, Water quality -- Determi nation of colour  
ISO 7888, Water quality -- Determination of electrical conductivity  
ISO 7890 -3, Water quality -- Determination of nitrate -- Part 3: Spectrometric method using sulfosalicylic acid   
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  3 
 ISO 7899 -2, Water quality ━ Detection and enumer ation of intestinal enterococci ━ Part 2: Membrane 
filtration method  
ISO 7980, Water quality -- Determination of calcium and magnesium -- Atomic absorption spectrometric 
method  
ISO 8165, Water quality -- Determination of selected mono valent phenols  
ISO 8245, Water quality -- Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved 
organic carbon (DOC)  
ISO 8288, Water quality -- Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead -- Flame atomic 
absorptio n spectrometric methods  
ISO 9174, Water quality -- Determination of chromium -- Atomic absorption spectrometric methods  
ISO 9297, Water quality -- Determination of chloride ━ Silver nitrate titration with chromate indicator (Mohr’s 
method)  
ISO 9308 -1, Water quality ---- Detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria — Part 1: 
Membrane filtration method for waters with low bacterial background flora  
ISO 93 08-2, Water quality ---- Detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria — Part 2: 
Most probable number method  
ISO 9390, Water quality -- Determination of borate -- Spectrometric method using azomethine -H 
ISO 9696, Water quality -- Meas urement of gross alpha activity in non -saline water -- Thick source method  
ISO 9697, Water quality -- Measurement of gross beta activity in non -saline water -- Thick source method  
ISO 9964 , Water quality -- Determination of sodium and potassium  
ISO 9965, Water quality -- Determination of selenium -- Atomic absorption spectrometric method (hydride 
technique)  
ISO 11731,  Water quality – Enumeration of Legionella  
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions ap ply. 
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  
3.1  
potable water  
water that is safe and s uitable for human consumption  
3.2 
treated water  
water that has undergone through processes such as flocculation, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and 
disinfection   
4 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 3.3 
natural  potable water  
water that is from natural sources that is fit for human co nsumption without undergoing any form of treatment 
which will alter its original physico -chemical characteristics and bacteriological purity  
 
3.4 
water quality  
chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water in respect to suitability for human consumption  
3.5 
safe water  
water that is free from physical, chemical and/or biological substances in concentrations which could cause 
illness or injury to consumers  
3.6 
surveillance  
independent continuous, specific measurement, observation and reporting for the purpose of water quality 
manage ment and operational activities  
3.7 
disinfection  
reduction by means of chemical agents and/or physical methods, of the number of micro -organism to a level 
that do es not compromise public health  
3.8 
distribution system  
public or private water systems providing consumers with tap water suitable for direct consumption  
3.9 
water supply  
source of water that has been inspected and approved by the competent authority for human consumption  
4 Requirements  
4.1 General requiremen ts 
4.1.1  Potable water shall:  
a) be free from pathogenic organisms;  
a) not contain  chemical substances in amount that are hazardous and injurious to human health ; 
b) not have objectionable taste or odour to the consumers ; and  
b) be free from any foreign matter . 
4.1.2  Potable water shall be handled under hygienic conditions in accordance with Annex A and EAS 39.  
4.1.3  The location, construction, operation and supervision of water supply source, its reservoirs and its 
distribution system shall be such that they exclude any possible pollution of the water in compliance with 
relevant national regulations.   
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  5 
 4.2 Specific requirements  
Potable water shall comply with  the physic o-chemic al requirements  given in Table 1  when tested in 
accordance with the test methods specified the rein. 
Table 1 — Physico -chemical requirements for potable water  
Sl. No.  Parameter  Requirements  Test method   
Treated potable 
water  Natural  potable 
water  
i) Colour , TCUa, max.  15 50 ISO 7887  
ii) Turbidity , NTU, max. 5 25 ISO 7027  
iii) pH 6.5 – 8.5 5.5 – 9.5 ISO 10523  
iv) Conductivity , µS/cm , max. 1500 2500 ISO 7888  
v) Suspended matter , mg/l  Not detectable  Not detectable  ISO 11923  
vi) Total dissolved solids , mg/l, 
max.  1000 1500  ASTM D 5907  
vii) Total hardness, as CaCO 3, 
mg/l, max.  300 600 ISO 6059  
viii) Aluminium (Al), mg/l, max.  0.2 0.2 ISO 12020  
ix) Chloride (Cl), mg/l, max.  250 250 ISO 9297  
x) Total Iron , (Fe), mg/l, max.  0.3 0.3 ISO 6332  
xi) Sodium  (Na), mg/l, max.  200 200 ISO 9964 -1 
xii) Sulphate (SO 4), mg/l, max.  400 400  ISO 22743  
xiii) Zinc (Zn), mg/l, max.  5 5 ISO 8288  
xiv) Magnesium (Mg), mg/l, max.  100 100 ISO 7980  
xv) Calcium  (Ca), mg/l, max.  150 150 ISO 7980  
xvi) Potassium (K), mg/l, max.  50 50 ISO 9964  
a) True colour units (TCU) mean  hazen units after filtration.  
 
5 Contami nants  
5.1 Inorganic contaminants  
Potable water shall comply with  the limits of inorganic contaminants given  in Table 2 when tested in 
accordance with the methods specified therein.  
Table 2 — Limits for inorganic substances  in natural and treated potable wa ter 
Sl. No.  Contaminant  Maximum limit, mg/l   
Treated potable 
water  Natural potable 
water  Test m ethod  
  
6 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 i) Arsenic, ( As) 0.01 0.01 ISO 11969  
ii) Cadmium, (Cd) 0.003  0.003  ISO 5961  
iii) Lead, (Pb) 0.01 0.01 ISO 8288  
iv) Copper (Cu) 1.000  1.000  ISO 8288  
v) Mercury (total as Hg)  0.001  0.001  ISO 12846  
vi) Manganese, (Mn) 0.1 0.1 ISO 6333  
vii) Selenium, (Se) 0.01 0.01 ISO 9965  
viii) Ammonia (NH 3) 0.5 0.5 ISO 11732  
ix) Chromium Total, ( Cr) 0.05 0.05 ISO 9174  
x) Nickel, (Ni) 0.02 0.02 ISO 8288  
xi) Cyanide, (CN) 0.01 0.01 ISO 6703  
xii) Barium, (Ba) 0.7 0.7 ISO 14911  
xiii) Nitrate (NO 3-) 45 45 ISO 7890  
xiv) Boron, (Boric acid)  2.4 2.4 ISO 9390  
xv) Fluoride, (F) 1.5 1.5 ISO 10359  
xvi) Bromate, (BrO 3) 0.01 0.01 ISO 15061  
xvii) Nitrite  (NO-2-N) 0.9 0.9 ISO 6777  
xviii) Molybdenum  (Mo) 0.07 0.07 ISO 11885  
xix) Phosphates, ( PO 43-) 2.2 2.2 ISO 15681  
xx) Free residual Chlorine  0.2-0.5 a Absent  ISO 7393  
xxi) Uranium  0.03 0.03 ASTM D 6239 -9 
a Under conditions of epidemic diseases, it may be necessary to increase the residual chlorine temporarily.  
 
5.2 Organic contaminants  
Potable water shall comply with the limits of organic contaminants affecting safety indicated in Table 3. 
Table 3 — Limits for organic contaminants in treated and natural potable water  
Sl. No. Contaminants  Limit µg/L max.  Method of test  
i) Aromatics   
Benzene  10 ISO 11423  
 Toluene  700 
Xylene  500 
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon  0.7 ISO 28540  
ii) Chlorinated Alkanes and Alkenes   
Carbon tetrachloride  2 ISO 10301 - 
  1,2-Dichlo roethane  30 
 1,1-Dichloroethylene  0.3 
 1,1-Dichloroethene  30 
 Tetrachloroethene  40  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  7 
 iii) Phenolic substances   
 Phenols  2 ISO 8165  
 2,4,6 -Trichlorophenol  200 ISO 14402  
iv) Trihalomethanes   
 Chloroform  30 ASTM D 3871 -
85 
v) Pesticides  
 Aldrin/Die ldrin 0.03 ISO 15089  
 Chlordane (total)  0.3 
 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid  30 
 DDT (total)  1 
 Heptachlor and Heptachlor Epoxide  0.03 
 Hexachlorobenzene  1 
 Lindane BHC  2 
 Methoxychlor  20 
vi) Surfactants  (reacting with methylene 
Blue)  200 ISO 16265  
viii) Organic matter  3 ISO 8245 - 
 
5.3 Radioactive characteristics  
Potable water shall comply with  the limits for radioactive materials given in Table 4 when tested with the test 
methods specified therein . 
Table 4 — Limits for radioactive material s in potable water  
Sl. No.  Radioactive 
material  Maximum 
limits, Bq/L ,  Method of test  
i) Gross alpha activity  0.5 ISO 9696  
ii) Gross beta activity  1 ISO 9697  
6 Microbiological requirements  
Potable water shall comply with  the microbial limits  given  in Table 5 when tested in accordance with the test 
methods specified therein.  
Table 5 — Microbiological limits for potable water  
Sl. No  Type of microorganism  Acceptable limits  Test method  
i.  Total viable counts at 22 ºC, in CFU/ml, 
max. a) 100 
 ISO 6222  
Total viable counts at 37 ºC, in CFU/ml, 
max. a) 50 
ii.  Total Coliforms,  CFU/100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 9308 -1 
ISO 9308 -2 
iii.  Escherichia. Coli ,  CFU/100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 9308 -1 
ISO 9308 -2  
8 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 iv.  Staphylococcus aureus in  CFU/100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 6888 -1 
v.  Sulphite reducing anaerobes  CFU/100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 6461 -2 
vi.  Pseudomonas aeruginos a fluorescence,  
CFU/100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 16266  
vii.  Enterococcus faecalis,   CFU/100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 7899 -2 
viii.  Shigella, per  100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 21567  
ix.  Salmonella, per  100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 19250  
x.  Giardia, per 100 ml.  Not detectable  ISO 15553  
xi.  Cryptosporidium , per 100 ml.  Not detectable  
xii.  Legionella spp, per 100 ml  Not detectable  ISO 11731  
a) This parameter is for monitoring the system at source/pro cessing facility. Determination of total viable counts shall 
start within 6 h of collection. If this is not practical, the sample shall be preserved at 4 ºC for not more than 6 h and 
analysed within 12 h from the time of collection.  
 
7 Sampling  
7.1 Genera l 
Sampling shall be done in  accordance with  Table 6. 
Table 6 — Minimum frequency of sampling of water for surveillance  
Population served (P)  Frequency * (minimum) of sampling  
P >100 000  10 samples every month per 100 000 of population served  
25 001 – 100 000 10 samples every month  
10 001 – 25 000  3 samples every month  
2 500 – 10 000  2 samples every month  
P <2 500  1 sample every month  
* During the rainy season or epidemics and emergences, sampling should be carried out more frequently .  
7.2 Parameters  required for minimum monitoring  
It is recognized that, in many instances, the cost of performing a full analysis against Table 1, Tab le 2, Table 
3, Table 4, Table 5  and Table 6 can be prohibitive.  
Analysis of the parameters in Table 7 may be deemed accept able for the purpose of indicating on going levels 
of operational efficiency in a water treatment plant. However, a relevant authority may require additional tests.  
Table 7 — Parameters required for minimum monitoring  
Sl. No.  Parameter  Test method  
(i)  Taste  Organoleptic test  
(ii)  Odour  
(iii)  Conductivity  or 
dissolved solids  Table 1  
 (iv)  Colour  
(v)  Turbidity;  Formatted:  French  (France) 
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  9 
 (vi)  pH value  
(vii)  Aluminium  
(viii)  Iron(total)  
(i)  Fluoride as F -  
 
Table 2  (i)  Nitrate  
(ii)  Nitrite  
(iii)  Ammonia  
(iv)  Free Residual chlorinea) 
(v)  Total coliforms  or E. 
coli; Table 4 
(vi)  Total viable counts  
a)  only applicable to treated potable water  
If abnormal results are encountered in any of these analyses, sampling frequency shall be increased and/or 
additional analyses carried out.  
A consumer complaints register for the ae sthetic qualities of the water should be maintained.  
  
10 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  A 
(informative)  
 
Guidelines for water safety plans  
A.1 General  
Potable water systems operators should develop, implement and maintain a water safety plan taking into 
consideration the potential ri sks to the safety of the water from the supply catchment area to the consumer.  
A.2 Key components of w ater safety plan  
A water safety plan sh ould consist of three key components:  
a) system assessment to determine whether the Potable -water supply chain (up  to the point of consumption) 
as a whole can deliver water of a quality that meets health -based targets;  
b) identifying control measures in a Potable  water system that will collectively control identified risks and 
ensure that the health -based targets are  met; and  
c) management plans describing actions to be taken during normal operation or incident conditions and 
documenting the system assessment (including upgrade and improvement), monitoring and 
communication plans and supporting programmes.  
A.3 Water safety plan  
A water safety plan sh ould include:  
a) measures to protect the source of Potable  water from risks of pollution;  
b) measures to ensure all installations intended for the production of Potable  water exclude any possibility of 
contamination. For this pu rpose and in particular:  
• the installation for collection, the pipes and the reservoirs sh ould be made from materials suited 
to the water and in such a way as to prevent the introduction of foreign substances in water;  
• the equipment a nd its use for produc tion sh ould meet hygienic requirements;  
c) measures to ensure an appropriate treatment such as pre -treatment processes, coagulation, flocculation, 
sedimentation, filtration and disinfection are undertaken to assure the safety of water for the consumers;  
d) appropriate operational monitoring system including monitoring parameters that can be measured and for 
which limits have been set to define the operational eff ectiveness of the activity; frequency of monitoring 
and procedures for corrective action that can be implemented in response to deviation from limits. If, 
during production it is found that the water is polluted, the producer shall stop all operations unti l the 
cause of pollution is eliminated; and  
e) a verification plan to ensure that individual components of a potable -water system, and system as a 
whole is operating safely.   
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  11 
 A.4 Surveillance  
Potable water suppliers sh ould ensure, at all times, the quality a nd safety of the water that they produce. 
Public health surveillance (that is, surveillance of health status and trends) contributes to verifying potable -
water safety.  
Adequate infrastructure, proper monitoring and effective planning and management; and a  system of 
independent surveillance are basic and essential requirements to ensure the safety of potable -water.  
Surveillance sh ould cover the total supply network from the source of natural  water to the consumer delivery 
points.  
A sampling programme that  takes into consideration appropriate international recommendations sh ould be 
established and implemented. The sampling sh ould be regular and its frequency sh ould mainly depend on the 
following factors  
a) quality of water harnessed including effects on the w ater from climatic, human and industrial activities;  
b) type of treatment for potable  worthiness;  
c) volume of water processed;  
d) risks of contamination;  
e) background of public water supply network;  
f) population served; and  
g) capabilities of the analytical facilit y (both in terms of capacity and in terms of analytical performance)  
  
12 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
  
  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  13 
 Bibliography  
[1] EAS 12, Potable water – Specification , third edition 2018.  
[2] WHO, Guidelines for drinking water quality , Fourth edition 2017.  
[3] CAC/RCP 48 , Code of hygienic practi ce for bottled/packaged drinking waters (other than natural 
mineral waters) , 2001 . 
 
 DEAS 12: 2022    
 
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved