DRAFT AFRICAN 
STANDARD  DARS  
1463  
First Edition 2019  
 
 Reference No. ARS 1463:2019(E)  
ICS 71.100.40  
 
 
© ARSO 2019  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scouring compounds — Specification  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DARS 1463:2019  
ii © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved   
Table of contents  
 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  1 
4 Types  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  1 
5 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  2 
5.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 2 
5.2 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 2 
6 Packaging and labelling ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  2 
6.1 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  2 
6.2 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
7 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 3 
7.1 Sampling for inspection  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 3 
7.2 Sample for testing  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  3 
Annex A (normative)  Determination of surface -active matter content  ................................ .................  4 
Annex B (normative)  Determination of anhydrous matter content  ................................ ......................  8 
Annex C (normative)  Determination of titre of f atty matter (metric units)  ................................ ..........  11 
Annex D (normative)  Determination of volatile matter  ................................ ................................ ...... 13 
Annex E (normative)  Water insoluble matter c ontent of soap products  ................................ ............  14 
Annex F (normative)  Determination of fineness of water -insoluble matter  ................................ ........  15 
Annex G (normative)  Abrasive  number of scouring compounds ................................ .......................  16 
Annex H (normative)  Determination of free alkali content  ................................ ................................  17 
Annex J (normative)  Determination of alkaline salt  ................................ ................................ ..........  18 
Annex K (normative)  Determination of available chlorine  ................................ ................................ . 19 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 20 
 DARS 1463:2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  iii  
Forew ord 
 
The African Organization for Standardization (ARS O) is an African intergovernmental organization 
established by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the Organization of 
African Unity (AU)  in 1977 . One of the fundamental mandat es of ARSO is to develop and harmoniz e 
African Standards (ARS) for the purpose of enhancing Africa’s internal trading capacity, increase 
Africa’s product and service competitiveness globally and uplift the welfare of African communities. 
The work of prepar ing African  Standards is normally carried out through ARSO  technical committees. 
Each Member State  interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has 
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, Regional Economic 
Communities (RECs), governmental and non -governmental  organizations , in liaison with ARSO , also 
take part in the work.  
 
ARSO  Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.  
 
The main task of t echnical committees is to prepare ARSO  Standards. Draft ARSO  Standards 
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an 
ARSO  Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vot e. 
 
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of 
patent rights. ARSO  shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
 
This African Standard was prepared by the ARSO Tech nical Harmonization Committee Number 5 on 
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (ARSO/THC 05).  
 
 
 
 
 
© African Organisation for Standardisation  2019 — All rights reserved* 
 
ARSO Central Secretariat  
International House 3rd Floor  
P. O. Box 57363 — 00200 City Squ are 
NAIROBI, KENYA  
 
Tel. +254 -20-2224561, +254 -20-3311641, +254 -20-3311608  
 
E-mail: arso@arso -oran.org  
Web: www.arso -oran.org  
                                                
* © 2019 ARSO — All rights of exploitation reserved worldwide for African Member States’ NSBs.  DARS 1463:2019  
iv © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved   
 
Copyright noti ce 
 
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© African Organisation for Standardisation 201 9 — All rights reserved  
 
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P.O. Box 57363 — 00200 City Square  
NAIROBI, KENYA  
 
Tel: +254 -20-2224561, +254 -20-3311641, +254 -20-3311608  
 
 
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 DARS 1463:2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  v  
Introduction  
 
<Text indicating rationale for the development/harmonization of the standard>  
 
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  1  
Scouring compounds — Specification  
 
1 Scope  
 
This African Standard specifies requirements and methods of test for  three types of scouring 
compounds for the removal of tenacious soil from hard surfaces and kitchen utensils.  
 
2 Normative references  
 
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the  edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
 
ASTM D 502, Test method for particle size of soaps and other detergents  
 
ISO 673, Soaps — Determination of content of ethanol -insoluble matter  
 
ISO 862, Surface active agents — Vocabulary  
 
ISO 4316, Surface active agents — Determination of pH of aqueous solutions — Potentiometric 
method  
 
ISO 8212, Soaps and detergents — Techniques of sampling during manufacture  
 
ISO 6839 , Anioni c surface -active  agents — Determination of solubility in water  
 
3 Terms and d efinitions  
 
For the purposes of this standard the terms and definitions in ISO 862 and the following apply.  
 
3.1 
scouring powder  
a mixture consisting essentially of a finely divi ded abrasive, suitable additive and builders together 
with an active ingredient which may be an anionic or non -ionic or a soap synthetic detergent or their 
mixture  
 
3.2 
product unit  
a unit of the final product, packed in an acceptable  container  
 
3.3 
lot 
a number of product units of the same size, type and style which contains scouring powder 
manufactured from a single batch.  
 
4 Types  
 
The scouring compound shall be one of the following types, (see annex A):  
 
a) type 1 : a scouring compound based on soap, in the form of a powder;  
 
b) type 2 : a scouring compound based on soap, in the form of a paste; and  
 
c) type 3 : a scouring compound based on a synthetic detergent, in the form of a powder.  
 
 
 AFRICAN STANDARD  DARS 1463:2019  
2 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  5 Requirements  
 
5.1 General requirements  
 
5.1.1  The scouring compou nd shall be a mixture of an active ingredient (cleansing, which may be a 
soap or synthetic detergent) and finely ground abrasive material (e.g. marble, dolomite, silica etc) 
together with builders and additives.  
 
5.1.2 Type 1 and 3 shall each be, a homogen ous and free flowing product, and type 2 shall be 
water based and uniformly mixed.  
 
5.1.3 When stored or transported under normal conditions in the original containers, the scouring 
compound in the form of a powder shall not cake into hard lumps, and the s couring compound in the 
form of a paste shall show no separation.  
 
5.1.4 The scouring compound shall not be irritating to human skin, and shall not contain ingredients 
in quantities that are toxic to human beings.  
 
5.2 Specific  requirements  
 
The scouring c ompound shall comply with the relevant requirements listed in Table 1.  
 
Table 1 — Specific  requirements  
 
Characteristics  Requirement  Test method  
type 1  type 2  type 3   
Active ingredient content, % (by mass), min.  — — 2.0 Annex A  
Alkaline salt content ( as anhydrous CO 3), % mass, max.  10.0 7.0 10.0 Annex B 
Fatty matter content a, % (by mass), min.  2.0 2.0 — Annex C  
Volatile matter content a, at 105 °C, % (by mass), max.  10.0 35.0 3.0 Annex D  
Water insoluble matter content a, % (by mass), min.  75.0 55.0 80.0 Annex E  
Fineness of water insoluble matter, % (by mass), max.     Annex F  
 Retained on a 425 μm aperture sieve  0.1 0.1 0.1  
 Retained on a 180 μm aperture sieve  7.5 7.5 7.5  
Abrasive number, mg,  min.  5.0 5.0 5.0 Annex G 
max.  15.0 15.0 15.0  
Free alkali content a, (as NaOH), % mass, max.  0.1 0.1 0.1 Annex H  
pH of 1 % solution, max  11.0 11.0 11.0 ISO 4316  
Alkali salts content (as anhydrous Na 2CO 3), % (m/m)     Annex J  
Maximum  1.0 1.0 1.0  
Minimum  10.0 10.0 10.0  
a The determination shall be carried out on the scouring compound as received.  
 
5.2.1 Available chlorine  
 
When the scour ing powder is claimed to contain available chlorine, the product shall contain at least 
0.3 % (m/m) of available chlorine  when tested according to Annex K.  
 
6 Pack aging  and labelling  
 
6.1 Packaging  
 
6.1.1  The packaging shall ensure integrity of the product  during handling, storage and 
transportation  
 
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  3 6.1.2  Bulk packaging  
 
Only scouring compound of the same type and the same batch shall be packed together in one bulk 
package  
 
6.2 Labelling  
 
6.2.1  Containers  
 
Each container and bulk package shall bear, in p rominent, legible, and indelible marking, the following 
information and any additional information required in terms of the regulations promulgated under the 
relevant national legislation:  
 
a) words clearly indicating that the product is a “scouring compou nd”; 
 
b) the type of scouring compound;  
 
c) Instructions for use and warning instructions “ avoid contact on  open wounds  and cuts  
 
d) manufacturer’s name and physical address and trade mark if any;  
 
NOTE  The name, physical address of the distributor/supplier  may be added as required.  
 
e) Net weight   
 
f) batch number or code number  
 
g) date of manufacture and expiry date or best before date ;  
 
h) the available chlorine content, as a percentage by mass, in case chlorine - containing bleaching 
agent is present i n the product.  
 
6.2.2  Labelling of b ulk Packages  
 
Each bulk package shall bear, in prominent, legible and indelible marking, the following information:  
 
a) the information specified in 6.2.1(a) to 6.2.1(c) inclusive;  
 
b) the number of containers; and  
 
c) the net weight   
 
7 Sampling  
 
The sampling procedure given in 7.1 and 7. 2 shall be applied in determining whether a lot complies 
with the relevant requirements of this standard. The samples so drawn shall be deemed to represent 
the lot for the respective pr operties.  
 
7.1 Sampling for inspection  
 
After checking the lot for compliance with the relevant requirements of 6.1 and 6.2, take from it at 
random five containers if the lot is packed in containers of net mass not exceeding 5 kg, but if the lot 
is packed in containers of net mass exceeding 5 kg, take three containers.  
 
7.2 Sample for testing  
 
7.2.1 From each of the four containers, draw enough scouring compound to provide a composite 
sample of total mass at least 1 kg.  
 
7.2.2 Take samples of approximately equal mass from the containers, mix them well, and 
immediately transfer the sample into a clean, dry, air -tight glass bottle of suitable capacity that is 
clearly marked with the manufacturer’s name or trade mark, the batch identification and the date of 
sampling.  
 DARS 1463:2019  
4 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  Annex A  
(normative)  
 
Determination of surface -active  matter content  
 
 
 
A.1 Apparatus  
 
A.1.1 Analytical balance , with a resolution of 0.01g or better.  
 
A.1.2 Laboratory -grade beaker , with a capacity of 250 mL.  
 
A.1.3 Steam bath . 
 
A.1.4 Glass -fibre  filter , that has approximately the same retention as a Whatman No. 5 cellulose 
filter and approximately the same speed as a Whatman No. 4 cellulose filter.  
 
A.1.5 Laboratory -grade filter flask , with a capacity of 500 mL.  
 
A.1.6 Forced -draught oven , mainta ined at 105 °C ± 5 °C.  
 
A.1.7 Stokes flask , 100 mL round -bottom flask (with the bottom blown out) sealed on to a 150 mL 
conical flask (see figure 1).  
 
A.1.8 Siphon , consisting of a two -hole rubber stopper (that fits into the neck of the Stokes flask) 
fitted with small -diameter glass tubing of the shapes shown in Figure A.2. 
 
A.1.9 Laboratory -grade separating funnel , with a capacity of 500 mL.  
 
A.2 Reagents and material  
 
A.2.1 General — Use only analytical grade reagents and carbon dioxide -free distilled or 
demineralised water.  
 
A.2.2 Freshly boiled ethanol , with a volume fraction concentration of at least 95 % and neutral to 
phenolphthalein.  
 
A.2.3 Freshly boiled (absolute) ethanol , neutral to phenolphthalein.  
 
A.2.4 Sulphuric acid , produced by cautiously ad ding 97 mL sulphuric acid (density 1.84 g/mL) to 
100 mL water.  
 
A.2.5 Petroleum ether , with a boiling range of between 60 °C and 80 °C.  
 
A.2.6 Anhydrous sodium sulphate . 
 
A.2.7 Screened methyl orange indicator , produced by dissolving 0.2 g methyl orange an d 0.28 g 
xylene cyanole FF in 100 mL freshly boiled ethanol that has a volume fraction of 50 % and filter.  
 
A.2.8 Phenolphthalein indicator , produced by dissolving 0.5 g of phenolphthalein in 100 mL 
absolute ethanol (see A.2.3).  
 
A.2.9 Standard sodium hydr oxide solution , approximately 0.1 N solution, accurately 
standardized against potassium hydrogen phthalate.  
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  5 
 
 
Figure A.1 – Stokes flask   Figure A.2 – Siphon  
 
A.3 Procedure  
 
A.3.1 Alcohol -soluble matter  
 
A.3.1.1  Weigh out (see A.1.1) and accurately recor d the mass, in grams, of approximately 2 g of the 
composite test sample into a 250 mL beaker (see A.1.2).  
 
A.3.1.2  Add 100 mL of the 95 % ethanol (see A.2.2), cover the beaker with a watch -glass, and heat 
on a steam bath (see A.1.3), with frequent stirring , until all the alcohol -soluble matter has been 
dissolved.  
 
A.3.1.3  Allow the insoluble matter to settle and filter, under suction, the supernatant liquid through the 
glass -fibre filter (see A.1.4), retaining as much of the insoluble matter as possible in the beaker and 
collecting the filtrate in a 500 mL filter flask (see A.1.5).  
 
A.3.1.4  Repeat this extraction three times with 25 mL portions of hot 95 % ethanol, each time 
retaining as much of the insoluble matter as possible in the beaker and combining th e filtrates in the 
filter flask.  
 
A.3.1.5  Evaporate the remaining ethanol from the residue on a steam bath (neglect the small amount 
of residue in the filter), then dissolve the residue in 5 mL hot water.  
 
A.3.1.6  Re-precipitate the alcohol -insoluble matte r by slowly adding, while stirring vigorously, 50 mL 
absolute ethanol (see A.2.3) and then heat the solution to boiling point on the steam bath.  
 
A.3.1.7  Filter the solution through the glass -fibre filter.  
 
A.3.1.8  Wash the beaker and the residue on the fi lter with three 25 mL portions of hot 95 % ethanol, 
and collect the filtrate and washings in the same filter flask.  
 
A.3.1.9  Transfer the combined filtrate and washings quantitatively to a tared beaker.  
 DARS 1463:2019  
6 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  A.3.1.10 Evaporate on a steam bath and then dry in a  forced -draught oven (see B.1.6) at 105 °C ± 5 
°C until constant mass is attained and record the mass, in grams, as the oven -dry mass of the test 
specimen after treatment.  
 
NOTE  Constant mass is assumed to have been attained when successive weighings, at i ntervals of 20 min, differ by less 
than 0.05 %.  
 
A.3.1.11 Calculate the percentage alcohol -soluble matter as follows:  
 
100
12 1mmmA
 
 
where  
A is the alcohol -soluble matter content, expressed as a mass fraction percentage of the 
test specimen;  
 
M1 is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen before treatment (see A.3.1.1);  
 
M2 is the oven -dry mass, in grams, of the test specimen after treatment (see A.3.1.10).  
 
A.3.1.12 Reserve the beaker and contents for the determination of saponifiable matter.  
 
A.4 Saponifiable matter  
 
A.4.1 Dissolve the alcohol -soluble matter (see A.3.1.12) in 25 mL hot water, add 25 mL 95 % 
ethanol, then add 5 mL sulphuric acid (see A.2.4).  
 
A.4.2 Transfer the solution to the Stokes Flask (see A.1.7), wash the beaker alternately  with equal 
volumes of hot water and hot 95 % ethanol and add the washings to the Stokes flask.  
 
A.4.3 Repeat the washing several times but restrict the total volume of the solution to the conical 
portion of the Stokes flask.  
 
A.4.4 Wash the beaker with 5 mL petroleum ether (see A.2.5) and add it to the Stokes flask.  
 
A.4.5 Cool the solution to below 25 °C, add 50 mL petroleum ether, and allow to stand for 30 min 
without shaking.  
 
A.4.6 Using the siphon (see A.1.8), transfer the petroleum ether layer to a 5 00 mL separating funnel 
(see A.1.9).  
 
A.4.7 Repeat the extraction five more times with 50 mL portions of petroleum ether but stopper and 
shake the Stokes flask thoroughly each time.  
 
NOTE  If an emulsion is formed, it may be broken by the addition of 10 g a nhydrous sodium sulphate (see A.2.6).  
 
A.4.8 Combine the petroleum ether extracts and wash with 25 mL portions of water until the water 
washings are no longer acid to the screened methyl orange indicator (see A.2.7).  
 
A.4.9 Dry the combined petroleum ether  extracts with anhydrous sodium sulphate and filter through 
filter paper into a tared 500 mL beaker.  
 
A.4.10 Wash the separating funnel with two 10 mL portions of the petroleum ether and filter the 
washings into the beaker.  
 
A.4.11 Evaporate the petroleum ether on a steam bath until the odour of petroleum ether is no longer 
perceptible.  
 
A.4.12 Dry the residue in a force -draught oven at 105 °C ± 5 °C for 5 min, weigh accurately and 
record the mass, in grams, of the saponifiable matter.  DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  7  
A.4.13 Dissolve the saponifiable matter in 50 mL of 95 % ethanol, warming if necessary.  
 
A.4.14 Add 0.5 mL phenolphthalein indicator (see A.2.8) and titrate with standard sodium hydroxide 
(see A.2.9) to a pink end point.  
 
A.5 Calculation  
 
Calculate the active ingredient as fo llows:  
 
 1000220D. NcBAAI
 
 
where  
 
AI is the active ingredient content, expressed as a mass fraction percentage of the test 
specimen;  
 
A is the percentage alcohol -soluble matter (see A.3.1.11);  
 
B is the mass, in grams, of the saponifiable matter (see  A.4.12);  
 
c is the volume, in millilitres, of the standard sodium hydroxide solution used in the 
titration (see B.4.14);  
 
N is the normality of the standard sodium hydroxide solution (see A.2.9);  
 
D is the mass , in grams, of the test specimen used (see A.3.1.1).  
 
 DARS 1463:2019  
8 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved   
Annex B 
(normative)  
 
Determination of anhydrous matter content  
 
 
 
B.1 Apparatus  
 
B.1.1 Flask,  of 500 mL capacity, having a ground -joint neck, and with a round bottom (if a heating 
mantle is to be used as the means of heating), or with a flat bo ttom (if a hotplate is to be used as the 
means of heating).  
 
B.1.2 Condenser,  see Figure B.1. 
 
B.1.3 Receiver , a dean and stark type receiver of one of the following sizes, depending on the 
expected water content of the sample:  
 
a) 2 mL capacity graduated in 0.05 mL divisions, for Type I and Type II soap powders (see Figure 
B.2). 
 
b) 7.5 mL capacity graduated in 0.1 mL divisions, for Type III and Type IV soap powders (see 
Figure B.3). 
 
B.1.4 Source of heat, a heating mantle for 500 mL flasks or a hotplate.  
 
NOTE  Before assembling the apparatus, clean the receiver and the inner tube of the condenser thoroughly with chromic -
sulphuric acid, then rinse with distilled water followed by acetone, and dry in an oven.  
 
B.2 Reagents  
 
NOTE  Use only analytical grade rea gents and carbon dioxide -free distilled water.  
 
B.2.1 Toluene , shake toluene vigorously for approximately 30 s with a small quantity of water. Let 
the water settle, then decant the clear toluene into a distillation flask and distil it. Discard the first, 
normally turbid fraction of the distillate and use only the following clear fraction for the determination.  
 
B.2.2 Anhydrous sodium acetate, sodium acetate dried at 105 °C ± 5 °C to constant mass.  
 
B.3 Procedure  
 
B.3.1 Weigh, to the nearest 0.1 g approximat ely 20 g of the test sample into the flask.  Add to it 
approximately 10 g of the anhydrous sodium acetate (to prevent violent frothing), 3 - 5 glass beads, 
and 100 mL of the toluene. Assemble the apparatus and fill the receiver with the toluene by pouring 
50 mL of it through the reflux condenser. In order to ensure better control of the distillation, wrap the 
flask and the tube leading to the receiver in asbestos cloth.  
 
B.3.2 Heat the contents of the flask to moderate boiling. At the start, the distillatio n rate should be 
approximately 100 drops per min, and when the greater part of the water has distilled, the rate should 
be increased to approximately 200 drops per min.  Reflux for at least 2 h.  
 
NOTE  Rinse down the reflux condenser during the distillation  process with small portions of the toluene in order to collect 
any water droplets that might adhere to the condenser tube. Any toluene trapped inside the graduated tube of the receiver may  
be separated from the distilled water by moving a spiral copper wi re up and down inside the tube.  
 
B.3.3 Disconnect the apparatus, allow the receiver to cool to room temperature, and record the 
volume of the water in the graduated tube.  
 
NOTE  When the water volume is read, there shall be no emulsified zone between the so lvent and the water layer.  
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  9 B.4 Calculation  
 
B.4.1 Anhydrous matter content, % (m/m)  
 
 = 
BA100100  
 
where  
 
 A is the volume of water distilled, mL,  
 
 B is the mass of the test sample used, g.  
 
 
Dimensions in millimetres  
 
 
Figure B.1 — Conden ser for moisture determination  DARS 1463:2019  
10 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  Dimensions in millimetres  
 
 
 
Figure B.2 — A 2-mL receiver for moisture determination  
 
 
Dimensions in millimetres  
 
 
Figure B.3 — A 7.5 -mL receiver for moisture determination  
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  11  
Annex C 
(normative ) 
 
Determination of titre of fatty matter (metric units)  
 
 
C.1 Apparatus  (see Figure C.1). 
 
C.1.1 Water bath, a two litre low -form beaker.  
 
C.1.2 Wide -mouth bottle, an approximately 450 mL bottle that is about 190 mm high, having a 
neck of inside diameter approximately 40 mm and fitted with a cork that holds the test tube ( C.1.3). 
The bottle contains sufficient lead shot or other dense ballast to hold it steady when placed in the 
water bath.  
 
C.1.3 Test tube,  a test tube of length 100 mm, of inside diameter  25 mm, and marked 57 mm from 
the bottom to indicate the level to which the sample should be added.  It is fitted with a bored cork to 
support the stirrer and the titre -test thermometer.  
 
C.1.4 Stirrer,  a stirrer made from glass or stainless steel of diame ter 2 mm -3 mm, and with the 
lower end formed into a loop 19 mm in diameter.  The upper end of the stirrer is shaped as a handle 
for hand operation.  
 
C.1.5 Laboratory thermometer , A 0 °C -150 °C thermometer  
 
C.1.6 Titre -test thermometer,  an ASTM titre -test thermometer, having a range of -2 °C to + 68 °C 
and conforming to the relevant requirements given in ASTM designation E.1.  
 
C.2 Procedure  
 
C.2.1 Heat the fatty matter (retained from the determination of rosin content) to a temperature 
approximately 1 0 °C above the expected titre and pour sufficient into the test tube to reach the 57 
mm mark. Fit the test tube in the wide -mouth bottle and place the assembly in the water bath. The 
water level should be approximately 10 mm above the 57 mm mark on the test tub e. Adjust the 
temperature of the water bath to 20 °C below the expected titre (for titres 35 °C and over) or to 15 °C -
20 °C below expected titre (for titres below 35 °C).  
 
C.2.2 Ensure that the titre -test thermometer is situated approximately along the ax is of the test tube 
and at such a height that the immersion mark coincides with the top of the sample of fatty matter.  
 
C.2.3 When the titre -test thermometer reads 10 °C above the expected titre, commence stirring at 
the rate of about 100 completed up and down strokes per min. (The stirrer should travel through a 
distance of approximately 40 mm on each stroke.)  Read the thermometer every 15 s and continue 
stirring until the temperature remains constant for 30 s or just begins to rise. At this point stop st irring, 
and note the rise in temperature.  Record the highest temperature reached.  
 
C.2.4 Repeat the procedure given in C.2.1 – C.2.3. 
 
C.2.5 The recorded temperatures of the two determinations shall not differ by more than 0.2 °C.  (If 
the difference exce eds 0.2 °C, repeat the determination until two readings agree). Report as the titre 
of the fatty matter, the mean of the tow temperature readings that agree to within 0.2 °C.  DARS 1463:2019  
12 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  
 
 
Figure C.1 — Condenser for moisture determination  
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  13 Annex D 
(normative)  
 
Dete rmination of volatile matter  
 
 
 
D.1 Principle  
 
A known mass of composite sample is oven -dried to constant mass.  
 
D.2 Apparatus  
 
D.2.1 Porcelain or silica dish , 6 to 8 cm diameter and 2 to 4 cm depth  
 
D.2.2 Desiccator , containing an efficient desiccant.  
 
D.2.3 Air-oven , electrically heated  
 
D.3 Procedure  
 
Weigh to the nearest 0.001 g, 5 g or the sample in a tarred dish, which has been previously dried and 
cooled. Heat the dish and its content in an oven at 105 ± 2 °C for an hour. Cool in a desiccator and 
weigh. Repeat the operation of heating, cooling and weighing until the difference in mass between 
two successive weighings is less than 0.01 g. Carry out this determination in duplicate and take the 
mean of the results.  
 
D.4 Calculation  
 
The volatile matter  content is given, as a percentage by mass, by the formula:  
 
100
12 1mmmA
 
 
where  
m1  is the mass, in grams, of sample and dish before heating;  
 
m2  is the mass, in grams, of sample and dish after heating.  
 DARS 1463:2019  
14 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  Annex E  
(normative)  
 
Water insolub le matter content of soap products  
 
 
E.1 Scope  
 
This annex  specifies a method for the determination of the water insoluble matter content of soap 
products.  
 
E.2 Apparatus  
 
E.2.1  Oven . A drying oven capable of being maintained at 105 ± 5 °C.  
 
E.3 Procedure  
 
E.3.1  Soap powders, gel soaps  
 
Thoroughly wash the residue on the glass fibre filter, retained from the determination of free alkali 
content and free acid content, with hot distilled water. Dry the residue and the filter in the oven 
maintained at 105 ± 5 °C, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.  
 
E.3.2  Scouring compounds  
 
Dry the residue and the filter, retained from the determination of alkaline salts, in the oven maintained 
at 105 ± 5 °C, cool in a desiccator, and weigh. Repeat the drying and weighing procedu re until no 
further loss in mass occurs.  
 
E.4 Calculation  
 
E.4.1  Soap powders, gel soaps  
 
Water insoluble matter content, 
NBMA
100%(m/m)  
 
where  
 
A = mass of the residue, g  
 
B = mass of the test sample used, g  
 
M = required minimum fatty matter con tent of the sample, %  
 
N = actual fatty matter content of the sample, %.  
 
E.4.2  Scouring compounds  
 
Water insoluble matter content, 
BA100 %(m/m)  
 
where  
 
A = mass of the residue, g  
 
B = mass of the test sample used, g.  
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  15 Annex F 
(normative)  
 
Dete rmination of fineness of water -insoluble matter  
 
 
 
F.1 Principle  
 
The water -insoluble matter content is sieved and the percentage of residue retained on each sieve 
calculated.  
 
F.2 Apparatus  
 
Sieves, of diameter 100 mm, and of nominal aperture sizes 150 a nd 250 m. 
 
F.3 Procedure  
 
Weigh out 20 g of the composite sample into a beaker and add 200 mL of distilled water. Heat on a 
water bath, with frequent stirring until all the soluble salts are dissolved. Assemble two tared sieves, 
the 250 gm aperture sieve on top and the 150 gm at the bottom. Pour the mixture on the top sieve 
and transfer the residue quantitatively to the sieve by washing the beaker several times with hot 
water, washing the insoluble matter through the sieves. Continue the washing until the amount of 
residue on the top sieve appears to remain constant. Dry each sieve and its contents in an oven at 
105 + 5 °C. Allow to cool and weigh each sieve with its residue.  
 
F.4 Calculation  
 
The insoluble matter retained on each sieve is given, as a perc entage by mass, of total insoluble 
matter by the formula.  
 
P M, M

01 00010
 
 
where  
M1 is the mass, in grams, of the insoluble matter on the sieve;  
 
M0 is the mass, in grams, of the sample used;  
 
P is the percentage of water insoluble matter pres ent in the test sample ( Annex E ).  
 DARS 1463:2019  
16 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  Annex G 
(normative)  
 
Abrasive number of scouring compounds  
 
G.1 Scope  
 
This Annex specifies a method for the evaluation of the abrasive number of scouring compounds.  
 
G.2 Apparatus  
 
Abrasion apparatus  
 
An apparatus cons isting of the following:  
 
a) Container, smooth -bottomed cylindrical brass container of internal diameter 63 mm and depth 
19 mm, and mounted on a base. The inside of the brass container is fitted with a clip or ring that 
securely holds the cloth disc (see ( d) below) flat on the bottom of the container.  
 
b) Stirrer, mounted directly above the brass container, and capable of operating smoothly and 
continuously at 70 r/min ± 5 r/min.  
 
c) Brass disc, of diameter 50 mm and mass approximately 60 g, made from brass  having a 
Rockwell B hardness of 51 ± 1. The brass disc has one face smoothly buffed, and a screw is so 
affixed to the other face as to enable the brass disc to be connected to the lower end of a 
vertical shaft of mass such that the combined mass of the sh aft and the brass disc is 1 800 g ± 
3 g. The shaft is so attached to the mechanical stirrer that it can be freely lowered to permit the 
brass disc to rest squarely on the bottom of the brass container and raised to permit the 
withdrawal of the brass disc f rom the brass container.  
 
d) Cloth discs, discs of diameter 63 mm and cut from billiard table cloth.  
 
G.3 Procedure  
 
G.3.1 Accurately weigh the brass disc and attach it to the shaft of the stirrer.  
 
G.3.2 Fit a cloth disc on the inside of the bottom of the  brass container.  
 
G.3.3 Mix 5.0 g of the test sample with 10 mL of water and spread the mixture evenly on the cloth 
disc. Lower the brass disc on to the cloth and rotate the disc through 500 revolutions.  
 
G.3.4 Raise the stirrer shaft and detach, wash, dr y and weigh the brass disc.  
 
G.3.5 Repeat the test twice, using a new cloth disc each time.  
 
G.4 Calculation  
 
Calculate the mean loss in mass, in milligrams, of the three determinations and record it as the 
abrasive number of the scouring compound.  
 
 
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  17 Annex H 
(normative)  
 
Determination of free alkali content  
 
 
 
H.1 Principle  
 
The composite sample is refluxed in ethanol and the solution obtained is neutralised with a known 
excess of sulphuric acid solution and back titrated with ethanolic potassium hydroxid e.  
 
H.2 Reagents   
 
H.2.1 Ethanol , 95 % (V/V) solution, free from carbon dioxide. Reflux this solution for 5 min, cool to 
ambient temperature and neutralise with the ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution ( H.2.3) in the 
presence of 4 drops of phenolphthale in solution ( H.2.4) for 200 mL of ethanol.  
 
H.2.2 Sulphuric acid , 0.5 M standard volumetric solution.  
 
H.2.3 Potassium hydroxide , 0.1M ethanolic standard volumetric solution.  
 
H.2.4 Phenolphthalein , solution of 1 g per 100 mL in 95 % (V/V) ethanol.  
 
H.3 Procedure  
 
Weigh to the nearest 0.001 g, 10 g of the sample into a 250 mL conical flask and add 100 mL of 
neutralized ethanol solution. Fit the conical flask to the reflux condenser and digest for 30 min. Filter 
while still hot through a fluted Whatman No. 4 filter paper. Wash the flask and the residue with 25 mL 
portions of hot neutralised ethanol.  
 
Combine the filtrate and the washings and add exactly 3.0 mL of the sulphuric acid solution. Boil 
under reflux for at least 10 min. Allow to cool to ambien t temperature and titrate with the ethanolic 
potassium hydroxide solution in the presence of a few drops of the indicator. Carry out two 
determinations on the sample.  
 
H.4 Calculation  
 
The total free alkali content, expressed as a percentage by mass of so dium hydroxide, is given by the 
formula  
 
100 040011 00MMV MV.
 
 
where  
M is the mass, in grams, of the sample used;  
M0 is the exact molarity of the sulphuric acid solution;  
M1 is the exact molarity of the potassium hydroxide solution;  
V0 is the volum e, in millilitre, of the sulphuric acid solution;  
V1 is the volume, in millilitre, of the potassium hydroxide solution.  
 
Take as the result the arithmetic mean of duplicate determinations.  
 DARS 1463:2019  
18 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  Annex J 
(normative)  
 
Determination of alkaline salt  
 
 
 
J.1 Principle  
 
After extracting the composite sample with hot neutralised ethanol, the residue is extracted with a 
known volume of water which is titrated with hydrochloric acid solution.  
 
J.2 Reagents and materials  
 
J.2.1 Ethanol , 95% (V/V) solution, free fro m carbon dioxide ( H.2.1).  
 
J.2.2 Hydrochloric acid , 0.25 M standard volumetric solution.  
 
J.2.3 Screened methyl orange indicator . Dissolve 0.2 g of methyl orange and 0.28 g of xylene 
cyanole FF in 100 cm' of freshly boiled 50% (V/V) ethanol and filter.  
 
J.2.4 Glass fibre filter   
 
A glass fibre filter having about the same retention as a Whatman No 5 cellulose filter and about the 
same speed as a Whatman No. 4 cellulose filter.  
 
J.3 Procedure  
 
Weigh to the nearest 0.001 g, 5 g of the sample into a 250 mL  beaker, Add 50 mL of hot ethanol and 
boil gently for 5 min. Filter the hot solution through the weighed fibre filter in a filter funnel and transfer 
the residue quantitatively to the filter. Wash the residue with 150 mL of hot ethanol.  
 
Extract the resid ue on the filter with sufficient boiling water to collect 200 mL of extract. Reserve the 
extracted residue for the determination of water -insoluble matter ( Annex E ). To the water extract 
obtained above add about 0.5 mL of the screened methyl orange indicat or and titrate with the 
standard hydrochloric acid solution until the colour changes from green to grey. Carry out this 
determination in duplicate.  
 
J.4 Calculation  
 
The alkaline salt content, expressed as a percentage by mass of anhydrous sodium carbonat e is 
given by the formula  
 
035
M. MV
 
 
where  
M0 is the mass, in grams, of sample used;  
 
M is the molarity of the standard hydrochloric acid solution;  
 
V is the volume, in cubic centimetres, of the hydrochloric acid solution used.  
 
Take as th e result the arithmetic mean of duplicate determinations.  
 DARS 1463:2019  
© AR SO 2019 — All rights reserved  19 Annex K 
(normative)  
 
Determination of available chlorine  
 
 
 
K.1 Principle  
 
The available chlorine is determined iodometrically by titration with standard thiosulphate solution.  
 
K.2 Reagents  
 
K.2.1 Acetic acid, glacial  
 
K.2.2 Potassium iodide , 3 % (m/v) aqueous solution.   
 
K.2.3 Sodium thiosulphate , 0.1 M standard volumetric solution.  
 
K.2.4 Starch indicator solution , 0.5 % (m/v) aqueous solution.  
 
K.3 Procedure  
 
Weigh to the nearest 0.01 g, 30  to 35 g of the composite sample in a 500 mL conical flask containing 
250 mL of potassium iodide solution. Stopper the flask and stir for 5 min on a magnetic stirrer. Add 15 
mL of glacial acetic acid. ( Caution ! acid to be added with extra care to avoid an excessive rate of 
carbon dioxide evolution when the formulation contains a carbonate). Titrate with sodium thiosulphate 
solution to a light yellow colour while stirring continuously. Add 0.5 ML of starch indicator solution and 
titrate slowly until the colo ur disappears. Carry out the determination in duplicate.  
 
K.4 Calculation  
 
The available chlorine, expressed as Cl, in percentage by mass is given by the formula  
 
05463
M. MV
 
 
where  
M0 is the mass, in grams, of the sample;  
M is the molarity of sodium thiosulphate solution;  
V is the volume, in cubic centimetres, of sodium tliiosulphate use.  
 
 DARS 1463:2019  
20 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  Bibliography  
 
 
Working Group to identify and acknowledge useful literature used in the preparation of this standard.  
 
EAS 294:2002, Scouring powders — Specification  
 
 FDARS 1463:201 9 
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved