COPYRIGHT  COLLECTIVE  
MANAGEMENT  ORGANIZATION  ACT  
Promulgated by the President on November 5, 1997  
Amended and Promulgated by the President on February  10, 2010   
Articles 4-1, 6-1, 15 -1, 19 -1, 47 -1, 48 -1 added and Articles 4, 6, 12, 13, 15, 21, 22, 24, 
27, 38, 41, 42, 44, 45, and 48 amended and promulgated by the President on May 18, 
2022  
CHAPTER I  GENERAL  PRINCIPLES  
Article 1   
This Act is enacted in accordance with Article 81 , paragraph 3 of the Copyright 
Act.  
Article 2   
The competent authority referred to in this Act is the Ministry of Economic 
Affairs (MOEA).  
Issuance of establishment permits for copyright collective management 
organizations (CMOs), as well as guidance and supervision of their operations, will be 
carried out by the specialized agency designated by the MOEA.  
Article 3  
The terms used in this Act shall be defined as follows:  
1.Copyright collective management services ("collective management service s"): 
Services for the management of economic rights on behalf of multiple economic 
rights holders, in which uniform royalty rates and methods for distribution of 
royalties are adopted as the basis for collection and distribution of royalties , and in 
which license agreements with users are established in the name of those providing 
the management . 
2.Copyright collective management organization ("CMO"): An incorporated 
association engaging in  collective management services , organized by economic 
rights holder s, approved and established pursuant to  this Act, and exercising  rights 
and performing  obligations in the name  of the CMO . 
3.Individual license agreement: An agreement between a CMO and a user under 
which the exploitation of specific economic rights under the management of the 
CMO is licensed to the user for its exploitation and royalties are paid by the user.  
4.Blanket license agreement: An agreement between a CMO and a user under which 
all economic rights under the management of the CMO are licensed to th e user for a 
specific period, with no restriction on the number of uses, and royalties are paid by 
the user.  
5.Management agreement: An agreement between an economic rights holder and a 
CMO for management of such rights and distribution of the royalties co llected to 
said economic rights holder by the CMO.  6.Management fees: The fees a CMO charges an economic rights holder for 
performing collective management services.  
7.Royalty rates: The criteria for calculation , the ratios, or the amounts of royalties  that 
the CMO collects for providing the economic rights it manages for exploitation by 
users . 
8.Joint royalty rate: A single royalty rate jointly adopted by two or more CMOs with 
respect to the same type of exploitation.  
CHAPTER II  ESTABLISHMENT  
Article 4   
To establish a CMO, the promoters shall prepare an application form, with the 
following documentation attached, and apply to the specialized agency in charge of 
copyright matters for a permit:  
1.A register of promoters.  
2.The articles of organization.  
3.The royalty collection and distribution rules.  
4.Templates for individual license agreements, blanket license agreements, and 
management agreements.  
5.Other documents designated by the specialized agency in charge of copyright 
matters.  
The register of promoters under subparagraph 1 of the preceding paragraph shall 
include the following items:  
1.The names of the promoters, and their nationalities, dates of birth, and domiciles or 
residences. For a juristic person promoter, the information shall include i ts name, 
the date of its establishment, the locations of its offices or places of business, and 
the name, date of birth, and domicile or residence of its representative.  
2.The titles , authors , and categories of the works for which a promoter is the 
economi c rights holder ; furthermore,  provide an electronic format file. 
3. The minutes and sign -in lists of all promoter meetings held within 6 months before  
the application date . 
The minimum  number of the promoters referred to in paragraph 1 shall be 
determined by the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters for different 
respective categories of works . One-half or more of the promoters shall have domestic 
domiciles or offices.  
The application form mentioned in paragraph 1 shall state the purposes of 
applying for an establishment permit and shall bear the signature or personal seal of 
each promoter.  
When a CMO adds a new category of works to those it manages, it shall submit a 
permit application to the specialized agency  in charge of copyright  matters, at taching 
a list of the economic rights holders for the new category along with the documents named in paragraph  1, subparagraph s 2 through 5.  
The provisions of paragraph  2 and paragraph  3 regarding promoters shall apply 
mutatis mutandis  to the list of economic rights holders and their numbers.  
Article 4 -1 
When the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters  processes a n 
application case for a permit to establish a CMO  under paragraph 1 of the preceding 
article, after the applicatio n documents are complete, it shall post an announcement of 
the application case on the website of the specialized agency in charge of copyright 
matters  for 30 days, for public comments.  
Public comments under the preceding paragraph may be taken into consid eration 
in the review by the  specialized agency in charge of copyright matters . 
Article 5   
When multiple CMOs wish to merge and become a single CMO, they shall apply 
to the specialized agency in charge of copyright  matters for a permit approval, 
attaching  a list of economic rights holders and the documents named in paragraph  1, 
subparagraph s 2 through 5 of the preceding article.  
The specialized agency  in charge of copyright  matters shall revoke  the permits of 
the CMOs that are extinguished as a result of t he merger; their rights and obligations 
shall be succeeded to by the post -merger surviving CMO or newly established CMO.  
Article 6  
No person  to whom any of the following circumstances appl ies may be a 
promoter of a CMO:  
1.Having no legal capacity or having limited legal capacity , or receiving an order for 
commencement of assistance, where the order has not been voided . 
2.Having been declared  bankrupt or had a court issue a ruling for the commencement 
of liquidation proceedings , where  the person's  rights have not yet been reinstated.  
3.Having committed a crime of fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, embezzlement, or 
violation of the Copyright Act, and after receiving a final and irrevocable guilty 
judgment, having received a sentence of no less than six mo nths imprisonment 
where the sentence has not yet been served , or has not been fully served,  or two 
years have  not yet passed after serving of the sentence , expiration of the probation  
period , or pardon . In the case of a juristic person, having committed a criminal  
violation of the Copyright Act and having received a final and irrevocable guilty 
judgment where the judgment has not been executed , has not been fully executed,  or 
two years have  not yet passed after execution of the judgment.  
4. Having been sent enced by a final and irrevocable ruling to a rehabilitative 
disposition, where the sentence has not yet been served, or has not been fully served, 
or two years has not yet passed after serving of the sentence.  
Article 6-1 
No person  to whom any of the following circumstances appl ies may be a promoter who applies for a permit to establish a  CMO:   
1. Currently being a member of a CMO that conducts the same c ollective 
management services . 
2. Simultaneously being a promoter who applies o r has applied for permits to 
establish two or more CMOs that conduct the same collective management services.  
Article 7 
The articles of organization of a CMO shall include the following information:  
1.The CMO's name.  
2.The CMO's purpose.  
3.The address of its principal office, and address of any branch offices.  
4.The category of works whose economic rights are under its management, and the 
scope of the rights.  
5.The manner in which membership qualification is obtained and forfeited.  
6.The rights  and obligations of members.  
7.Rates or amounts of management fees.  
8.The number s, function s, term s of office, and methods of election and discharge of 
directors, supervisors and members of the complaint committee  set out in Article 20, 
paragraph  1. 
9.The kinds of meetings it will hold , procedures for convening the meetings, and 
methods of resolution . 
10.Sources of funds, and the ir accounting treatment.  
11.The method of public announcement.  
12.Types  of disputes between any member and a CMO that are subject to handling by 
the complaint committee, and the procedures and methods of dispute resolution.  
13.Procedures for amending the articles of organization.  
14.Procedures for changing royalty rates . 
15.Procedures for changing t he method of royalty collection and distribution.  
16.Procedures for amending templates for individual license agreements, blanket 
license agreements, or management agreements.  
17.The date s on which  the articles of organization  were adopted and amended . 
18.Other matters required by laws and regulations.  
Article 8 
Under any of the following circumstances, the specialized agency in charge of 
copyright matters shall deny an application for establishment of a CMO:  1.The name of the organi zation is the same as that of a CMO already granted an 
establishment permit.  
2.The information supporting the application for establishment permit reveals that the 
applicant is unable to effectively administer collective management  services . 
3.Application  particulars are found to be in violation of a law or regulation or to 
contain misrepresentations . 
4.Statutory procedures are not observed and no correction is made within a period 
given by the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters.   
Where the scope of management being applied for overlaps in whole or in part 
with the categories of works and the scope of rights under the management  of a CMO 
that has already been granted an establishment permit, the specialized agency in 
charge of copyright matte rs may deny approval for  the overlapping portion if the 
other CMO is already capable of functioning as a management collective.   
The specialized agency in charge of copyright matters shall notify the applicant 
in writing whether the application for establi shment permit has been granted or denied , 
and publish the approved application on its website . 
Article 9 
A CMO shall incorporate as a juristic person within six months after the 
specialized agency in charge of copyright matters issues an establishment perm it. 
The CMO of the preceding paragraph shall submit a photocopy of its 
incorporation certificate to the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters for 
recordation within thirty days after its incorporation. It shall also make public 
announcement of its incorporation certificate, articles of organization, the royalty 
collection and distribution rules, and templates for individual license agreements, 
blanket license agreements, and management agreements; the same shall apply to 
amendments of the above items.  
The public announcement of the preceding paragraph shall be published in an 
appropriate manner, such as publication in a newspaper at the place where the 
principal office of the CMO is located , or on the CMO's website . 
Article 10 
A person  not organized and approved for establishment  as a CMO in accordance 
with this Act shall not conduct collective management services or perform any other 
juristic act in the name of a CMO.  
Where any party violates the preceding paragraph, any individual or blank et 
license agreement executed by it shall become null and void and the offender shall be 
liable for compensation of damages for any resultant loss  to another person. Where 
there are two or more offenders, they shall bear joint and several liability.  
CHAPTE R III  ORGANIZATION  
Article 11 
A member of a CMO shall be an economic rights holder.  An economic rights holder may not be at the same time a member of two or more 
CMOs providing the same collective management services.  
If an economic rights holder violates  the provision of the preceding paragraph 
and joins two or more CMOs at different times, the rights holder will be deemed to 
have not joined the CMO or CMOs it entered at later times ; a rights holder who joins 
two or more CMOs at the same time  shall choose  membership in only one among 
them within 30 days after the time it joins; a rights holder that fails to make a choice 
within 30 days will be deemed to have joined none of the  CMO s. 
Article 12 
A CMO may not reject any applicant  for membership who meets the  membership 
qualifications set out in its articles of organization.  
A CMO  shall adopt mechanisms for reviewing the economic rights and other 
relevant information of its members , and the members shall provide supporting 
documents for the relevant rights.  
A member may withdraw from the organization at any time , unless the articles of 
organization provide that withdrawal can only take place  at the end of a business year 
or after a period of pre -announcement.  
Article 13 
Under any of the following circumstances,  a member shall be deemed to have 
withdrawn from the organization:  
1.Death, bankruptcy, or dissolution  of the member . 
2.Loss of membership qualifications.  
3. Dissolution of the CMO  is ordered.  
Article 14 
A member shall execute a management agreement with i ts CMO to entrust the 
CMO with management of its economic rights.  
A member shall have the right, in accordance with the royalty collection and 
distribution rules, to request distribution of royalties, and also has the obligation to 
pay management fees and membership fees.  
Article 15 
The highest authority of a CMO shall be the  general meeting  of its members . 
The board of directors of a CMO shall have at least three directors, to be elected 
from among the members by the general meeting  of its members . 
The sup ervisors of a CMO shall be elected from among the members by the 
general meeting  of its members. At least one of the supervisors shall  have a domestic 
domicile.  
The terms of a CMO’s directors and supervisors may not exceed four years. 
Directors and supervi sors may be re -elected to consecutive terms. However, the number of persons serving consecutive terms may not exceed two -thirds of the 
number of directors or supervisors respectively ; if the chairman of the board is 
re-elected, his or her term of office sh all not exceed eight years in total.  
When a CMO director or supervisor  seat become s vacant, the by -elect ed 
successor  or replacement shall serve until the term of the original incumbent expires.  
If the chairman of the board is elected in a by -election , the term of office  shall be 
counted toward the number of years specified in the proviso of the preceding 
paragraph . 
Article 15 -1 
No p erson to whom any of the following circumstances applies may serve as a 
director or supervisor of a CMO; if already serving as such; the person shall ipso facto 
be dismissed :  
1. Having a ny of the circumstances set out in the subparagraphs of Article 6  apply .  
2. Having committed a  criminal offence under the Organiz ed Crime Prevention Act 
and found guilty by a final and irrevocable judgment, where the sentence has not 
yet been served, or has not been fully served, or five years ha ve not yet passed 
after serving of the sentence, expiration of the probation period, or pardon . 
3. Having committed a  criminal  offence under the  Anti-Corruption Act  and found 
guilty by a final and irrevocable judgment, where the sentence has not yet been 
served, or has not been fully served, or two years have not yet passed after serving 
of the sentence, expiration of the probation period, or pardon.  
4. Having had a negotiable instrument  dishonored and still being within the blacklist 
period . 
5. Having been found guilty by a final and irrevocable judgment of a criminal offense 
under the Securities and Exchange Act or the Money Laundering Control Act , 
where the sentence has not yet been served, or has not been fully served, or  five 
years have not  yet passed after serving of the sentence, expiration of the probation 
period, or pardon.  
Article 16 
Except for the first general meeting  of CMO members , which shall be convened 
by promoters , general meetings of members shall be convened at least once a ye ar by 
the board of directors.  
Unless specially provided  in this Act or the articles of organization , a resolution 
of the general meeting of members shall require a majority of votes cast at a meeting 
attended by members representing a majority of the total  voting rights.  
An amendment to the articles of organization shall require at least two thirds of 
votes cast at a meeting attended by members representing a majority of the total 
voting rights.  
Members shall have equal voting rights , except where  the artic les of organization provide otherwise.  
In respect of the number of members attending a meeting and the number of 
favorable votes required as provided for in paragraphs 2 and 3 above, if a higher 
requirement is provided for in the articles of organization, such provision shall apply.  
The provisions in Article 57 of the Civil Code shall apply to the dissolution of a 
CMO.  
Article 17 
The board of directors shall carry out its functions in accordance with laws, 
regulations, its articles of organization, and reso lutions of the general meeting  of 
members . 
In the event that a resolution of the board of directors violates the provision of 
the preceding paragraph and causes injury  to the CMO, directors participating in the 
resolution shall be jointly and severally lia ble for damages, provided that any director 
who has expressed opposition, as confirmed by records or a written statement, shall 
be exempt from liability.  
Article 18 
A supervisor shall carry out the following duties:  
1.Investigating  the operational and financial status of the CMO and auditing its books 
and documents, either personally or by retaining an attorney or a certified public 
accountant.  
2.Auditing the statements prepared  under paragraph 1 of Article 21, either personally 
or by retaining a certified public accountant, and reporting the inspection results at a 
general meeting  of members . 
A supervisor who through neglect of his/her duties causes damage to the CMO 
shall bear liability for damages.  
A supervisor shall not act concu rrently as a director, complaint committee 
member, or staff member of the CMO.  
Article 19 
If a director of a CMO bargains with the CMO on his/her own behalf or on 
behalf of another party, a supervisor shall act as the representative of the CMO.  
Article 19-1 
A CMO  shall establish an internal control system with respect to personnel 
matters, finances, and business, and shall file that system, and any change thereto, 
with the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters  for recordation.  
The CMO  shall p erform the collective management services in a reasonable, 
prudent, and appropriate manner in accordance with the internal control system under 
the preceding paragraph . It furthermore shall file an internal control statement with 
the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters  within three months after the close of each fiscal year . 
The competent authority will adopt regulations governing the content, applicable 
scope, operating procedures, and recordation of the internal control system under 
paragrap h 1, the filing of the internal control statement under the preceding paragraph, 
and other matters for compliance.  
Article 20 
A CMO shall have a complaint committee to handle disputes between members 
and the CMO in accordance with its articles of organizat ion. The committee shall 
have at least five members , who shall be elected by the general meeting of members 
from among CMO members, impartial members of society, or scholars or experts.  
A CMO may stipulate in its articles of organization that any dispute b etween a 
member and the CMO shall not be brought up at a general meeting of members until 
it has been handled by the complaint committee.  
A director, supervisor, or staff member of a CMO shall not be a member of its 
complaint committee.  
A complaint committ ee member shall withdraw voluntarily if he/she has personal 
interest in a complaint case.  
A CMO shall notify the complaining member of the decision made by the 
complaint committee and the decision shall be carried out by the board of directors. 
However, the case may be brought up for resolution at a general meeting of members 
if the complaining  member or the board of directors is opposed to the decision 
rendered by the complaint committee.  
Article 21  
At the end of each business year, the board of directors shall prepare  the 
following statements and refer them to supervisors for auditing at least thirty days 
before a general meeting of members is held:  
1.A business report.  
2. A property list.  
3. Financial statements, which shall include the balance sheet, final statement of 
revenues and expenditures , and cash flow statement . 
The financial statements in subparagraph 3 of the preceding paragraph shall be 
audited and attested by a certified public accountant.   
The statements listed  in paragraph  1, together with the supervisor 's audit report , 
shall be made available at the principal office of the CMO at least ten days before a 
general meeting of members is held, and members may at any time inspect and review 
the same, either by themselves or in the company of any attorneys or c ertified public 
accountants retained  by them . 
Article 22 
The board of directors shall submit the statements listed  in the preceding Article , together with the supervisor's audit report , for ratification at a general meeting  of 
members . Upon ratification th rough a resolution of the general meeting  of members , 
directors and supervisors shall be released from liability; this provision does not apply, 
however, given the commission of  any unlawful act  by a director or supervisor . 
After the business report in subparagraph 1 and the financial statements in 
subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 of the preceding article have been ratified by the 
general meeting of members, the CMO  shall publish the status of collection and 
distribution of the royalt ies on its website for public inspection.  
CHAPTER IV  RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF A CMO  
Article 23 
A CMO shall provide collective management services for members in 
accordance with laws, regulations, its articles of organization, and resolutions of the 
general meeting  of its members . 
A CMO, when providing collective management services under the preceding 
paragraph, shall collect management fees at the stipulated rate or in the stipulated 
amount.  
The rate or amount of management fees in the preceding paragraph s hall be 
stipulated based on the funding required to maintain normal operation of the CMO.  
Article 24 
A CMO shall adopt royalty rates and dates for implementation of the rates f or 
each type of exploitation of the economic rights under its management . A CMO shall 
take the following factors into account  when  setting royalty rates:  
1.The result of consultations with the users, and the users' suggestions . 
2.The economic benefit to be obtained by users through exploitation of the works.  
3.The numbers of economic rights under its management . 
4.The type and quantity of the exploitation.  
5.Other factors that the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters  designates 
for consideration.  
In adopting the royalty rates of the preceding paragraph , when a blanket lice nse 
agreement is employed, users shall be provided with a choice of the following fee 
calculation models : 
1.A specific monetary amount or ratio.  
2.Another fee calculation m odel negotiated and agreed upon between the user and the 
CMO . 
A CMO shall lower at its discretion the royalty rates of paragraph  1 when the 
user exploits a work for cultural, educational, or other purposes in the public interest; 
when the exploitation is non -profit in nature, the CMO shall further lower at its 
discre tion the royalty rates.  The specialized agency in charge of copyright matters may conduct 
investigations into the actual circumstances  of use of the works under the 
management  of any CMO.  
The specialized agency in charge of copyright matters  shall guide th e CMO to 
use innovative technology methods  to improv e its management efficiency and r educ e 
the cost of exploitation , and to refine the fee calculation model , so as  to enhance the 
rights and interests of copyright owners and the convenience of users .  
The r oyalty rates of paragraph  1 shall be publicly announced for the purpose of 
review by the general public, and shall be reported to  the specialized agency in charge 
of copyright matters for recordation. The royalty rates may not be implemented at any 
time pr ior to 30 full days after the date of announcement . The same provisions shall 
apply in the case of any change to the royalty rates.  
A CMO shall state the reasons for adoption of the royalty rates at the time of 
their public announcement pursuant to  the preceding paragraph . 
When a CMO has not adopted a royalty rate for a specific type of exploitation in 
accordance with  the provisions of paragraph  1, a user may request the CMO in 
writing or in an electronic format file  to adopt a royalty rate; prior to the ad option of 
such a royalty rate, the provisions of Chapter 7 of the Copyright  Act shall not apply to 
any instance of exploitation for which adoption of a royalty rate has been requested.  
Article 25  
A copyright user who objects to a royalty rate set by a CMO may apply to the 
specialized agency in charge of copyright matters for a review ; at the time of 
application it shall also submit written reasons and other related materials . 
When the specialized agency in charge of copyright  matters receives an 
application  pursuant to  the preceding paragraph , it shall publish the application on its 
website. Other users with the same circumstances  of exploitation may also submit 
written reasons and related materials and make a request of the specialized agency in 
charge of c opyright  matters for participation in the application for review.  
After receiving an application for review pursuant to  paragraph  1, the specialized 
agency in charge of copyright  matters may order the CMO to provide the factors 
under each subparagraph  of the preceding article that it used in consideration of the 
royalty rates, its conditions for licensing, and other relevant documents. The CMO 
may not refuse such an order.  
When the specialized agency in charge of copyright  matters performs its review, 
it ma y change the criteria , ratios, or amounts for calculation of royalties  originally 
adopted by the CMO, and shall seek the opinion of the Copyright Review and 
Mediation Committee . 
When there are matters requiring supplementation or correction with respect to  
an application under paragraph  1 that are not performed within the period designated 
by the specialized agency in charge of copyright  matters, or in the absence of reasons 
for application, the specialized agency in charge of copyright  matters may reject t he 
application.  
When there is sufficient reason for an application for review under paragraph  1, the specialized agency in charge of copyright  matters shall make a determination of 
the given royalty rate, which shall be effective from the date of applicati on for review, 
provided that in the case of applications made prior to the date of implementation of a 
given royalty rate, the newly determined rate shall take effect from the date of 
implementation.  
A royalty rate that has been determined pursuant to  the preceding paragraph  may 
not be changed by the CMO within three years from its date of implementation, and 
during the same period , users also may not make any further application for review of 
matters on which such a determination has been made, provided th at these provisions 
will not apply in the case of a material change in circumstances . 
The specialized agency in charge of copyright  matters may prohibit the 
implementation of a royalty rate which is under application for review pursuant to  
paragraph 1 when  the rate is in violation of the law, or when there is no legal basis for 
collection of that royalty rate.  
The review determinations under paragraph  6 and the preceding paragraph  shall 
be published on the website of the specialized agency in charge of copy right  matters.  
If a royalty rate is determined through a review by the specialized agency in 
charge of copyright matters, then for any license agreement that was signed between a 
user and a CMO prior to the determination, the user may, during the effective  term of 
the agreement, request a change by the CMO in the amount of the royalty.  
When implementation of a CMO's royalty rate has been prohibited by the 
specialized agency  in charge of copyright  matters, the CMO shall return the royalties 
already collected . 
The review decision of an application under paragraph 1 shall be made by the 
specialized agency in charge of copyright matters within four months from the date 
the documents are fully submitted.  
The members of the Copyright Review and Mediation Committee  under 
paragraph 4 shall include government authorities, scholars, experts, rights holders and 
users.  
Article 26 
For royalty rates between the time of application for review and the review 
determination, the user may make a provisional payment, based on the type of 
exploitation, at the royalty rate originally set prior to the change in rate or at the 
originally stipu lated royalty amount; if there is no originally set royalty rate or 
originally stipulated royalty amount, the user may apply to the specialized agency in 
charge of copyright matters  to approve an amount for provisional payment.  
Prior to its approval of the  provisional payment  of the preceding paragraph , the 
specialized agency in charge of copyright matters  may seek the opinion of the 
Copyright Review and Mediation Committee . 
The amount of provisional payment approved pursuant to  paragraph  1 shall be 
publish ed on the website of the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters , and 
during the period of review of the royalty rate, the provisional payment shall apply to 
all users engaging in exploitation under the same circumstances . When a user makes a pro visional payment to a CMO pursuant to  paragraph  1, 
and where the payment is clearly indicated as a provisional payment, the user's 
exploitation will not be subject to the provisions of Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 of the 
Copyright Act. 
When a user has made prov isional payments pursuant to  paragraph  1, then 
except where otherwise stipulated between the two parties, the payments shall be 
adjusted based on the royalty rate determined through the review process; when an 
application for royalty rate review is rejecte d, the payments shall be adjusted based on 
the CMO's publicly announced royalty rate.  
When the implementation  of a royalty rate for which a review application has 
been made by a user is prohibited pursuant to  paragraph  8 of the preceding article, the 
CMO s hall return the provisional payments already collected.  
Article 27  
A CMO shall publish information related to the works under its scope of 
management on the Internet for public access, including a list of the economic rights 
holders under its management, and the names of the works manage d, the authors, the 
percentage s of the economic rights held,  the numbers of works, or other information 
sufficient to allow the works under its management to be identified , and shall also 
provide information within a reasona ble scope in response to applications by 
members of the public.  
When a CMO negotiates a blanket license agreement with a user, it shall inform 
the user of the information under  the preceding paragraph . 
Article 28 
The following items shall be expressly set out in a individual license agreement:  
1.The name of the economic rights holder, and title of the work.  
2.The economic rights to be licensed for exploitation.  
3.The territory, term, and method of licensed exploita tion. 
4.The method of calculation and the amount of royalties.  
5.Method of royalty payment.  
6.Liability for breach.  
7.The date of agreement.  
Article 29 
In addition to setting out the matters required in subparagraphs 2 through 7 of the 
preceding article, a  blanket license agreement shall also state that the licensee is 
licensed,  within a specified period,  to use  all the economic rights managed by the 
CMO an unlimited number of times .. 
Article 30 
The specialized agency  in charge of copyright  matters may desi gnate relevant CMOs to adopt a j oint royalty rate  with respect to a specified type of exploitation.  
The designated  CMOs under the preceding paragraph  shall engage in 
consultation in order to adopt the joint royalty rate and methods of distribution of 
royal ties, to be collected from users by one of the CMOs.  
If agreement cannot be reached by consultation pursuant to  the preceding 
paragraph , any of the CMOs may apply to the specialized agency  in charge of 
copyright  matters for a determination.  
The provisions of Article 24 through Article 26 shall apply to the joint royalty 
rate of paragraph  2. 
In determining the joint royalty rate under paragraph  3, the opinions of users and 
of the Copyright Review and Mediation Committee  shall be sought, and the 
disposition c ontaining the determination shall be published on the website of the 
specialized  agency  in charge of copyright  matters.  
A joint royalty rate that has been determined pursuant to  the preceding paragraph  
may not be changed by the CMOs within three years from  its date of implementation, 
and during the same period , users also may not make any application for review of the 
rate, provided that these provisions will not apply in the case of a material change in 
circumstances . 
The provisions of paragraph  2 through the preceding paragraph  shall be 
implemented two years after promulgation of the 12 January 2010  amendments to this 
Act. 
When, prior to the date of implementation under the preceding paragraph , CMOs 
that have been designated pursuant to  paragrap h 1 have already undertaken 
consultation and adopted a joint royalty rate with respect to a specific type of 
exploitation, they may apply the provisions of Article 24 through Article 26.  
Article 31  
When a member withdraws from a CMO, the CMO shall terminate the 
management agreement and cease to manage that member's economic rights.   
A copyright user who has already entered into a license agreement with the CMO 
prior to a member's withdrawal may conti nue to exploit the works of the member who 
has withdrawn until the agreement expires and need not pay further royalties to that 
member , provided that where the license agreement contains stipulations prohibiting 
continued exploitation, those stipulations s hall apply .  
In the absence of the circumstances  under the proviso of the preceding paragraph , 
the member who has withdrawn may apply to the CMO to request distribution of 
royalties, provided that the member who has withdrawn may not so request 
distributio n of royalties when it has joined another CMO and may receive distribution 
of royalties in the new CMO for the exploitation by users set out in the preceding 
paragraph . 
When stipulations exist between the CMO and the user as in the proviso of 
paragraph  2, the CMO shall immediately  notify the user when the member withdraws 
from the CMO.  Article 32 
A CMO shall not refuse a request from a non -member economic rights holder for 
management of the rights holder's economic rights  that falls within the scope of 
categories of works and rights managed by the CMO . 
Article 33 
The provisions of Article 11, Article 14, Article 20, paragraphs 1, 2, and 5 , 
Article 23, paragraphs 1 and 2 , and Article 31 shall apply mutatis mutandis to matters 
between non -member economic right s holders and a CMO.  
Article 34 
Within the scope of rights managed by it, a CMO shall provide licenses with the 
same terms and conditions to users engaging in exploitation under the same 
circumstances . 
If a user is refused a license by the CMO, or no licensing agreement can be 
reached, the user shall be deemed to have obtained a license if, prior to exploitation, 
the user has made payment of or lodged with a court the royalty rate  or the amount 
demanded by the CMO . 
When a user has made payment to the C MO or lodged payment with a court 
pursuant to  the preceding paragraph , it may at the same time lodge a declaration with 
the CMO, reserving the right of later opposition.  
Article 35 
A CMO shall warrant its authorization to manage the rights whose exploitati on it 
is licensing under its individual license agreements or blanket license agreements. 
When a user is clearly aware at the time of execution of an agreement that the CMO 
has no such authorization to perform management, the CMO is not liable to make 
such a warranty unless otherwise stipulated in the agreement.  
Article 36 
A CMO shall exercise the due care of a good administrator when providing 
collective management services.  
Article 37 
A copyright user shall periodically provide the CMO concerned with a re cord of 
use as the basis for calculating royalties to be distributed. When the license agreement 
stipulates otherwise, however, its provisions shall govern.  
A CMO may, at its own cost, request a user at any time to provide a record of 
use. 
If a user fails to provide a record of use or provides one that is materially 
incorrect or untrue, the CMO may terminate the license agreements executed with the 
user. 
Article 38 
The C MO shall maintain a segregated account with a financial institution for deposit of the royalties it collects . Except for the deduction of management fees under 
paragraph 2 or as otherwise provided by other laws, royalties may not be used in any 
way other than distribut ing them.  
Based on its royalty collection and distribution rules, a CMO sh all make periodic 
distribution of the balance of the royalties collected, after the deduction of 
management fees, to economic rights holders.  
The "periodic distribution" referred to in the preceding paragraph shall take place 
at least once each year.  
When a CMO distributes royalties, its board of directors shall, in accordance 
with its royalty collection and distribution rules, compile a table of royalty 
distributions that contains the following information, and submit it to the supervisors 
for auditing and  confirmation after auditing and attestation by a certified public 
accountant:  
1.The names of the economic rights holders and the economic rights held thereby.  
2.The amount of each royalty payment and the total amount of royalties received.  
3.The amount of  management fees deductible from each royalty or the total amount 
thereof.  
4.The distributable balance after deduction of the total management fees under 
subparagraph 2 above from the total amount of royalty received under subparagraph 
2. 
5.The method of c alculating the amount to be distributed to each individual.  
6.The amount to be distributed to each individual.  
A CMO shall distribute royalties in accordance with the table of royalty 
distributions audited and confirmed by its supervisors , and keep said ta ble of royalty 
distributions at its principal office . It also shall provide  the economic rights holders  
with the table of royalty distributions for their works or make it available for them to 
review .  
The competent authority will adopt regulations governing certified public 
accountant auditing and attestation  procedures, working papers, reports, and other 
compliance matters under paragraph 4 and Article 21, paragraph 2.  
Article 39 
When providing collect ive management services, a CMO may initiate litigious or 
non-litigious actions in its own name on behalf of economic rights holders. The CMO, 
however, may initiate criminal proceedings only when it has an exclusive license or 
has received [the economic rig hts] by way of trust transfer.  
The "litigious actions" mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall mean the 
institution of civil and administrative suits and complaints or private prosecutions in 
criminal cases. "Non -litigious actions" shall mean administra tive appeal and other 
actions.  
CHAPTER V  REWARD, GUIDANCE, AND SUPERVISION OF COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS  
Article 40   
The specialized agency in charge of copyright matters may reward a CMO for 
excellence in providing collective management service s. 
Article 41   
The specialized agency in charge of copyright matters may at any time audit or 
order the CMO to submit within a specific deadline  the statements that CMOs are 
required to prepare or compile in accordance with applicable laws and regulations  or 
their articles of organization. The specialized agency in charge of copyright matters 
may also at any time inspect the operational and financial status of a CMO  or order it 
to report on its handling of operations and finances within a specific deadline . 
When performing the audits and inspections of the preceding paragraph, the 
specialized agency in charge of copyright matters may order a CMO to submit 
supporting documents, vouchers, statements, and relevant information, and shall 
return the same, after reviewing them, within one month from the date of receipt.  
A CMO shall not evade, hinder, or refuse an audit or inspection made or order 
given by the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters pursuant to the 
preceding two paragraphs.  
The specialized agency in charge of copyright matters , as it deems necessary in 
accordance with  the state of a CMO's business and property, may order the CMO to 
change its method of operation , or order the CMO to submit a financial improvement 
by a specific de adline , or issue  other necessary disposition s. 
Article 42   
If a CMO commits any act in violation of laws, regulations, or its articles of 
organization, the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters may order it to 
make corrections within a prescri bed deadline . 
If the CMO does not make the correction within the prescribed deadline of the 
preceding paragraph, the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters may 
suspend  or dismiss from office , or order the CMO  to replace  from  office , the director, 
supervisor, or complaint committee member who committed the unlawful act. 
Article 43   
When any of the following circumstances appl ies to a CMO, the specialized 
agency in charge of copyright matters shall revoke its establishment permit:  
1.The CMO fails to carry out incorporation registration within the period of time 
prescribed in Article 9, paragraph 1.  
2.The CMO fails to commence collective management services within one year after 
its incorporation  registration . 
3.The CMO is incapable of effectively performing collective management services.  
CHAPTER VI  PENAL PROVISIONS  Article 44   
For a violation of Article 10, paragraph 1, the offender shall be punished with an 
administrative fine of not less than NT$500,000 and not more than NT$2 .5 million. 
When any of the following circumstances appl ies to a CMO, it shall be punished 
with an administrative fine of not less than NT$ 100,000 and not more than 
NT$500,000:  
1. Evading, hinder ing, or refus ing an audit , inspection , or order by the specialized 
agency in charge of copyright matters , in violation of Article 41, paragraph 3.  
2.Violation of an order given or other required measures imposed by the specialized 
agency in charge of copyright  matters pursuant to  Article 41, paragraph  4. 
3.Failure to make correction within the prescribed deadline  in accordance with an 
order given pursuant to Article 42 , paragraph 1.  
The administrative fines under the preceding two paragraphs may be imposed for 
each successive infraction until correction is effected . 
Article 45  
When any of the following circumstances  applies to a CMO and is of a material 
nature , and the CMO has still failed to make corrections after receiving a penalty 
under paragraph 2 of the preceding article , the specialized agency  in charge of 
copyright  matters shall revoke  its establishment permit:  
1. Unauthorized use of member royalty allocations, in violation of Article 38, 
paragraph 1.  
2. Failure to distribute royalties, in violation of Article 38, paragraph 2. 
3. Other violation of law or reg ulation or its articles of organization.  
If a CMO , in violation of an order under Article 42, paragraph 2, fails to replace 
from office the director, supervisor, or complaint committee member  who committed 
the unlawful act , and the circumstances are serious, the specialized agency in charge 
of copyright matters  furthermore shall revoke  its permit.   
CHAPTER VII Supplementary Provisions  
Article 46   
For an organization for the management of economic rights on behalf of 
econom ic rights holders that was duly established prior to the 7 November 1997 date 
on which this Act was promulgated and took effect, it shall continue to handle any 
matters that were under its management and which had not terminated prior to the 
promulgation a nd taking effect of the Act.  
If the organization  of the preceding paragraph  did not  apply for an establishment 
permit for collective management services within one year after this Act was 
promulgated and enforced,  or if approval was denied for the applicat ion, then any 
agreement executed with a user in the name of the organization  for licensed 
exploitation of economic rights before the date on which this Act was promulgated 
and enforced, and which had not yet expired by 31 December 1998, shall be  terminated  on that date.  
Article 47   
The provisions of Article s 24 through 26  will apply to royalty rates which were 
already implemented , or which were under application for review but where the 
review was not  completed , prior to the enforcement of the articles of this Act 
amended on 12 January 2010 , provided that this shall not apply to royalty rates which 
were determined through a review by the specialized agency  in charge of copyright  
matters prior to the enforcement of the articles of this Act amended on 12 Janu ary 
2010 , and which at that time had been implemented for less than two full years.  
Article 47-1 
A person already serving as a director, supervisor, or chairman of the board of a 
CMO prior to the enforcement of the articles of this Act amended on 29 April 2022 
and remaining incumbent at the time of enforcement of the amendment may continue 
to serve until the end of the person 's term, free from the restrictions set out in Article 
15, paragraph 4.  
Article 48  
When , after approval for establishment of  a CMO, the CMO's  establishment 
permit is voided or revoked, then except under the circumstances of article 43, 
subparagraph 1, the specialized agency in charge of copyright matters shall order the 
CMO's dissolution, shall provide written notification of t he reasons to the district 
court of the relevant jurisdiction and the CMO, and shall publish the same on its 
website . 
Article 48 -1 
When the dissolution of a CMO has been ordered, the court, upon a motion by 
the specialized agency in charge of copyright mat ters or an interested party, may , 
when it deems necessary , dismiss the liquidator.  
Article 49   
Except where dates of enforcement have been otherwise provided, this Act shall 
be enforced from the date of promulgation .