Import Health Standard  
Issued under the Biosecurity Act 1993   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grain and Seeds for 
Consumption, Feed or 
Processing  
GCFP.IHS  
28 June 2023  
 Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  1 of 79 
TITLE  
Import Health Standard : Grain  and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
COMMENCEMENT  
This consolidated  Import Health Standard  comes into force on  28 June 2023 .  
 
REVOCATION 
This import health standard revokes  and replaces the Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for 
Consumption, Feed or Processing , 3 May 2023 .  
 
The amendment history to this import health standard is set out in Appendix 3: Amendment Record . 
 
ISSUING AUTHORITY 
This Import Health Standard  is issued  under  section 24A  of the Biosecurity Act 1993  to incorporate 
amanedment made pursuant to sections 24B and 166A of that Act .  
 
Dated at W ellington , 28 June 2023  
 
 
Steve Corin  
Manager, Plant Product Imports  
Biosecurity New Zealand  
Ministry for Primary Industries  
(acting under dele gated authority of the Director -General)  
 Contact for further information : 
Ministry for Primary Industries  
Biosecurity New Zealand  
Animal and Plant Health  Directorates  
PO Box 2526  
Wellington 6140  
Email: Plantimports@mpi.govt.nz   
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Contents  Page 
Introduction 3 
Part 1:  General Requirements  5 
1.1 Application  5 
1.2 Incorporat ion of material by reference  5 
1.3 Definitions  5 
1.4 General  6 
1.5 Documentation  6 
1.6 Grain/se eds analysis in New Zealand  8 
1.7 Trade samples  9 
Part 2:  Specific Requirements  10 
2.1 ‘Basic’  grain/seeds  11 
2.2 Avena  spp. (oats)  12 
2.3 Brassica napus  (canola, rapeseed, swedes)  14 
2.4 Cannabis sativa  (low-THC hemp varieties)  16 
2.5 Carthamus tinctorius  (safflower) 19 
2.6 Cicer arietinum  (chickpeas)  21 
2.7 Glycine max  (soybeans)  24 
2.8 Gossypium spp. (cotton)  26 
2.9 Guizotia abyssinica  (niger)  28 
2.10  Helianthus spp. (sunflower seeds)  30 
2.11  Hordeum spp. (barley)  33 
2.12 Lens spp. (lentils)  35 
2.13  Lupinus spp. (lupins)  37 
2.14  Medicago spp. (alfalfa/lucerne)  39 
2.15  Panicum spp. (millet)  41 
2.16  Pennisetum glaucum  and P. clandestinum  (green millet)  44 
2.17  Phalaris canariensis  (canary grass)  45 
2.18  Phaseolus  spp. (green beans, other beans)  46 
2.19  Pisum  spp. (peas)  49 
2.20  Secale cereale  (rye/ryecorn) 52 
2.21  Setaria italica (foxtail / Italian millet)  54 
2.22  Sorghum bicolor  (sorghum) 56 
2.23  Triticosecale and Triticum  spp. (triticale, wheat)  58 
2.24  Vicia  spp. (broad beans / faba beans)  60 
2.25  Vigna spp. (adzuki beans, black -eyed beans, mung beans, cowpeas)  62 
2.26  Zea mays  (maize, popcorn, sweetcorn)  64 
Appendix 1: Definitions  66 
Appendix 2: Treatment options  68 
Appendix 3: Amendment Record  69 
Appendix 4: Pest List  72 
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Introduction  
This introduction is not part of the import health standard (IHS ) but is intended to indicate its general effect.  
Purpose  
This IHS specifies the requirements for the importation of grain  and seeds for consumption, feed , or 
processing from all countries .  
Background  
An IHS issued under the New Zealand Biosecurity Act 1993 (the  Act) specifies the requirements to be met  to 
effectively manage biosecurity risks associated with importing goods, including the risks from incidentally  
imported new organisms.  
IHSs include measures that must be applied in the exporting country before the products are exported. IHSs 
also include  requirements that must be met by importers during importation , including while the produ cts are 
in transit and held in a transi tional facility before biosecurity clearance can be giv en.  
Post-clearance  requirements  may also be specified in an IHS.  
Guidanc e boxes throughout the IHS provide information on how the requirements may be met.  
Who should read this? 
Anyone who is involved in the process of importing or has an interest in importing grain  and seeds for 
consumption, feed or processing  into New Zealand should read and be familiar with this IHS.   
Why is this important? 
It is the responsibility of the importer to ensure that grain  and seeds for consumption, feed or processing 
comply with the requirements of the relevant IHS.  
Grain  and s eeds for consumption, feed or processing that do not comply with the requirements  of the  IHS may 
not be cleared for entry into New Zealand and may be di rected for treatment (including destructive 
processing), re -shipment, destruction or further action deemed appropriate by a Chief Technical Officer.  
The pathway may be suspended if certain types of viable regulated pests or quarantine weed seeds are 
intercepted .  
Importers are liable for all associated expenses.  
Equivalence  
A Chief Technical Officer (CTO) may consider an application for an equivalent phytosanitary measure to be 
approved, different from that provided for in this IHS, to maintain the same level of protection assured by the current measures. Equivalence will be considered with reference to the International Standard for 
Phytosanitary Measures 24: Guidelines for the determination and recognition of equivalence of phytosanitary 
measures.   
The CTO may issue a direction under section 27(1)(d) of the Act, setting out specific measures different from 
those set out  in this IHS, to be applied to effectly manage risks associated with specified goods.   Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
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If an equivalent measure is approved, an import pe rmit may be issued under section 24D(2) of the Act, if the 
Director -General considers it appropriate to do so. The details of the CTO direction will be included in the 
special conditions section of the permit.  
Document history 
Refer to Appendix 3  for the  Amendment R ecord for this IHS.  
Other information 
Importers of Cannabis sativa (low THC hemp seed) and Papaver somniferum  must contact the Ministry of 
Health  prior to importation for advice on licensing . 
Oil seed meals and other processed plant products that are intended for animal feeds are covered  by IHS: 
Processed Animal Feeds of Plant Origin .  
Non-viable grain  and seeds imported for human consumption are covered  by IHS: Stored Plant Products for  
Human Consumptio n. 
Note: It is the importer's responsibility to be familiar with and comply with all New Zealand laws as 
this is not an exhaustive list of compliance requirements.  
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Part 1:  General Requirements  
1.1 Application 
(1) This i mport h ealth s tandard (IHS) applies to  grain  and seeds  that are imported for consumption,  feed  
or processing, from plant species that:  
a) have a schedule in Part 2: Specific Requirement s and are listed in the MPI Plants Biosecurity 
Index  (PBI); or  
b) are listed as ‘Basic’  in the PBI. 
(2) All grain  and seeds to which this IHS applies may  be imported from any country, unless specified 
otherwise  in Part 2: Specific Requirements.  
 
Guidance  
• If a grain/seed  species is not covered by this IHS , the grain  and seed s are not eligible to be 
imported  into New Zealand under this IHS . 
• ‘Basic ’ grain  and seed s are listed under the “ import specification for seed for s owing ” column  in the 
PBI. 
• Processing methods may include cold pressing, cooking, crushing, grinding, milling, rolling, 
popping, pelletising, steam flaking or a combination of one or more of these methods.  For more 
information  regarding processing methods contact  MPI. 
1.2 Incorporation of material by reference 
(1) The following documents are incorporated by reference under section 142M of the Act:  
a) ISPM 5. 201 8. Glossary of phytosanitary terms. Rome, IPPC, FAO  
b) ISPM 12. 20 22. Phytosanitary certificates. Rome, IPPC, FAO  
c) ISPM 24. 2017. Guidel ines for the determination and recognition of equivalence of phytosanitary 
measures. Rome, IPPC, FAO   
d) Official New Zealand Pest Register (ONZPR)   
e) MPI-ABRT Approved Biosecurity Treatments   
f) MPI Plants Biosecurity Index (PBI)   
g) MPI Protocol for Testing Seed Imports for the Presence of Genetically Modified Seeds   
h) Schedule of Regulated (Quarantine) Weed Seeds  
(2) Under section 142 O(3) of the Act, it is declared that secti on 1420(1) does not apply, that is, a notice 
under section 142 O(2) of the Act is not required to be published before material that amends or 
replaces any material incorporated by reference that has legal effect as part of those documents.  
1.3 Definitions  
(1) Defin itions are listed in Appendix 1.  
 
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1.4 General  
(1) Grain and seed s must be identified  to species level.  
(2) All grain  and seeds must be free from regulated pests and contaminants .  
(3) All treatments required under this IHS  must be carried out : 
a) in the exporting country prior to export; or  
b) on board the vessel prior to discharge ; or  
c) on arrival  at a transitional facility by either an approved treatment operat or or under an 
inspector’s supervision.  
(4) Movement of u ncleared consignments must be undertaken in a secure manner to prevent loss of the 
goods  during movement .    
(5) Biosecurity clearance must not  be given to g rain and seed s contain ing viable seeds which are: 
a) not listed in the PBI ; or 
b) listed as “entry prohibited” in the PBI ; or 
c) listed in the PBI  and present in volumes greater than 0.1% in weight of the consignment; or  
d) listed in the Schedule of Regulated (Quarantine) Weed Seeds .  
(6) Biosecurity clearance must not be given to grain and seeds or their byproducts intended to be fed to 
pigs or ruminants if grain and seeds are imported fr om countries or zones that are not officially free 
from foot and mouth disease (FMD); unless one of the following has occur red: 
a) 31 days have elapsed from the date of shipment;   
b) the grain and seeds are treated as per Appendix 2 of the standard;  
c) the grain and seeds are heat treated at one of the following ranges:  
i) 60°C for no less than 30 minutes;  
ii) 80°C for no less than 10 minutes; or  
iii) 85°C for no less than 5 minutes.  
 
Guidance   
• Grain and seeds are subject to inspection on arrival for regulated pests (including quarantine weed 
seeds) and contaminants.  
• Consignments of grain and seeds treated either offshore  or in New Zealand are subject to sampling to 
verify efficacy of the devitalisation process.  
Countries have ‘FMD free dom’ if the World Organisation for Animal Health officially recognises them as 
free from foot and mouth disease. For more information, see https://www.woah.org/en/disease/ foot-and-
mouth -disease/#ui -id-2 
1.5 Documentation 
1.5.1 Import permit  
(1) An import permit is not required for importing commodities under this import health standard, unless 
specified in a CTO direction setting out alternative measures.  
1.5.2 Phytosanitary certificate  
(1) All consignments of grain and seed s, except those listed as ‘ Basic’ in the PBI , must be accompanied 
by a phytosanitary certificate .  
(2) The phytosanitary certificate must be issued by the National  Plant Protection Organisation  (NPPO ) of 
the exporting country  in accordance with ISPM 12 .  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
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(3) Prior to issuing the phytosanitary certificate, the NPPO of the exporting country must  sample and 
inspec t the consignment, and be satisfied that no regulated pests and contaminants  are present in the 
consignment in accordance with the following : 
a) In the drawn sample of 5 kg:  
i) no live regulated arthropods are permited ; and 
ii) no regulated weed seeds are permitted for import under options 1 and 4 ; and 
iii) there is no threshold for regulated weed s eeds for import under  options 2 and 3 , because 
the contaminant seeds will be devitalised through processing or treatment in New Zealand 
transitional facilities.   
(4) The phytosanitary certificate must contain:   
a) sufficient detail s to enable identification of the consignment and its component parts , including:  
i) lot number(s);  
ii) number and description of packages;  
iii) country/place of origin of the grain/seed; and  
iv) variety name(s).  
b) the following declaration:  
i) “This is to certify that the plants, plant products or other regulated articles described herein 
have been inspected and/or tested according to appropriate official procedures and are considered to be free from the quar antine pests specified by the importing contracting 
party and to conform with the current phytosanitary requirements of the importing 
contracting party, including those for regulated non -quarantine pests ”. 
c) any additional declaration(s) as required under Part 2: Specific Requirements . 
 
Guidance  
• The maximum pest limit for pest contamination on grain and seeds is 0.9 pest per kg of seeds.  To 
achieve 95% confidence that the maximum pest limit will not be exceeded , no live regulated pests are 
permitted in an off icially drawn sample of 5kg (i.e. acceptance no = 0).  
• For a list of NPPOs, refer to the International Plant Protection Convention  (IPPC) website.  
• The full list of regulated and non -regulated pests for New Zealand c an be found in  Official New Zealand 
Pest Register (ONZPR) . 
• If any visually detectable pests are found by the NPPO during the inspection of the consignment, the certifying NPPO can establish the regulatory status of the pest by referring to ONZPR.  
• If the pest is not listed in ONZPR , the certifying NPPO can contact MPI to establish the regulatory 
status of the pest.  
1.5.3 Sampling certificate  
(1) Where required by Part 2: Specific Requirements , a seed sampling  certificate  must accompany the 
grain  and seeds.  
(2) The sampling certificate must be issued by the exporting country’s NPPO and must clearly identify the consignment . 
(3) Prior to issuing the sampling certificate, the NPPO of the exporting country must be satisfied that the 
samples were taken and prepared based on the below  requirements:  
a) Primary samples must be taken randomly at the following rates in order to generate a composite 
sample:  
i) at least one primary sample per 100 tonnes of grain; OR  
ii) minimum of 40 primary samples throughout the consignment.  
b) The composite sample may be reduced to a 5kg sample that is submitted for analysis.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
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c) Submitted samples must be labelled, sealed and dispatched to an Association of Official Seed 
Analysts (AOSA) or International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) accredited seed testing station 
to be analysed for seed contaminants (Part 1.5.4 ). 
(4) If a sampling certificate cannot be provided, grain and seeds must be sampled and analysed on arrival 
in New Zealand in accordance with Part 1.6.  
 
Guidance  
• Sampling certificate m ay include hold number of ship, shipping container number(s) or line of sacks 
from which the samples were drawn  to clearly identify the consignment.  
• If a phytosanitary certificate specifies the weight of submitted sample, a separate sampling certificate is 
not required.  
1.5.4 Seed analysis certificate  
(1) Where required by Part 2: Specific Requirements , a seed analysis certificate must accompany the 
grain and seeds.  
(2) The seed analysis certificate must:  
a) be issued by an Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) or ISTA accredited seed testing 
station;  
b) state the weight of the sample examined;  
c) state the scientific name and quantity of contaminant seeds identified in the sample, including:  
i) any unidentified genera or species; and   
ii) any quarantine weed seeds (refer to the Schedule of Regulat ed (Quarantine) Weed 
Seeds).  
(3) If a seed analysis certificate cannot be provided, the grain and seeds must be sampled and analysed on arrival in New Zealand for contaminant seeds in accordance with Part 1.6.  
1.6 Grain/seeds analysis in New Zealand  
(1) Grain  and seed s consignments that are not accompanied by seed sampling certificates and seed 
analysis certificates must be randomly sampled and analysed in New Zealand for contaminant  seed s. 
(2) Consignments that require analysis in New Zealand must be held on board of the vessel or in a 
transitional facility  until the analysis has been completed and assessed  by MPI.  
(3) Sampling must be carried out by MPI inspector or an ISTA trained sampler under the supervision of 
MPI at the importer’s expense.  
(4) Samples must be  sent to an ISTA -accredited seed analysis laboratory approved to MPI Standard for 
General Transitional Facilities for Uncleared Goods  to be analysed for contaminant seeds . The 
following information must accompan y the samples : 
a) the name and address of the importer ; 
b) the name and voyage number  of the vessel carrying the grain  and port(s) of discharge ; 
c) the weigh t of submitted  composite samples ; and  
d) the weight of each consignment in the shipment and the number of containers  (if applicable ). Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
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1.7 Trade samples 
Guidance  
• Import  requirements for trade samples  can be found in the Research Samples ( except animal 
samples) import health standard . Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
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Part 2:  Specific Requirements  
(1) Part 2 sets out the specific phytosanitary requirements that must be met in addition to Part 1: General 
Require ments , for the following grain and seeds:  
• Basic grain/seeds  
• Avena spp. (oat s) 
• Brassica napus  (canola, rapeseed, swedes)  
• Cannabis sativa  (low -THC hemp varieties)  
• Carthamus tinctorius  (safflower) 
• Cicer arietinum  (chickpeas)  
• Glycine max (soybean s) 
• Gossypium  spp. (cotton)  
• Guizotia abyssinica  (niger)  
• Helianthus  spp. (sunflower)  
• Hordeum  spp. (barley)  
• Lens  spp. (lentil s) 
• Lupinus  spp. (lupin s) 
• Medicago  spp. (alfalfa /lucerne)  
• Panicum  spp. (millet)  
• Pennisetum glaucum  and P. clandestinum  (green millet)  
• Phalaris canariensis  (canary grass)  
• Phaseolus  spp. (green  beans, other beans)  
• Pisum  spp. (pea s) 
• Secale cereale  (rye/ryecorn)  
• Setaria italic  (foxtail  / Italian millet)  
• Sorghum bicolor  (sorghum)  
• Triticosecale  and Triticum  spp. ( triticale and wheat)  
• Vicia  spp. (broad  beans / faba bean)  
• Vigna  spp. (adzuki  beans,  black -eyed be ans, mung beans , cowpeas ) 
• Zea mays  (maize , popcorn , sweetcorn)  
 
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2.1 ‘Basi c’ grain/seeds 
(1) Grain  and seed s listed as ‘Basic’ in the  PBI can be imported into New Zealand for the purposes of 
consumption, feed or processing .  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is not required . 
 
Guidance  
• Under Ministry of Health regulations, impo rters of Papaver s omniferum  seeds must contact the 
Ministry of Health (the Controlled Drugs Advisor for Medicines Control) prior to importation for 
advice on licensing.  
 
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2.2 Avena spp. (oats) 
(1) The regulated pest list for Avena  spp. can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Avena  spp. may be imported under one of the following opt ions:  
2.2.1 Importation of grain/seed s devitalised in the country of origin (Option  1) 
(1) Avena  spp. grain must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2 .  
(2) Following treatment, grain  must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required.  
a) The following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate : 
i) “The Avena  spp. grain w as heat treated and the consignment contains no viable seeds ”;  
or 
ii) “The Avena  spp. grain w as irradiated at  a dose of  25 KGy and the consignment contains 
no viable seeds” . 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.2.2 Importation of grain/seed s to be treated  in New Zealand ( Option 2)  
(1) Avena  spp. grain must be treated to render it non -viable in a transitional facility , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For grains that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.2.3 Importation of grain/seed s for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Avena  spp. grain must be unloaded and transported from the port of first arrival to a transitional facility 
in accordance with a grain import system that ensure s the grain is securely transported.  
(2) Avena  spp. grain must be processed to render it non -viable in a transitional facility approved in 
accordance with the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(3) The transitional f acility must be approved  by MPI for holding and/or processing grains . 
Documentation  
(4) A sampling  certificate  and a seed analysis certificate  are required; otherwise , the grain  must be 
analy sed upon arrival in New Zealand,  as per Part 1.6.  
(5) A phytosanitary certificate  is required.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
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a) The following additional declaration s must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Avena  spp. grain ha s been:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regul ated insects and mites ;  
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently  found to be free of any 
live, visually detectable regulated insects and mites .” 
and 
ii) “The Avena  spp. grain ha s been:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area” free from  Cephalosporium gramineum ;  
or  
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production” free from Cephalosporium 
gramineum ;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA  guidelines /methodologies . The samples  were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Cephalosporium gramineum .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments  that have been  representative ly sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Cephalosporium gramineum . The s ample size must be five times (5 ×) ISTA  using 
ISTA or AOSA guidelines/  methodologies . 
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
• Information on the GIS is prescribed in  the MPI Operational Standard: G rain for Processing, 
Import System Requirements .  
2.2.4 Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Avena spp.  grain is  not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand  
border.  
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2.3 Brassica napus (canola, rapeseed, swedes)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Brassica napus  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Brassica napus  seeds may be imported under one of the following options:  
2.3.1 Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Brassica napus  seeds must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand, using one of the 
treatment options liste d in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
a) One of the following additional declarations must be included on the p hytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Brassica napus  seeds were heat -treated, and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds.”  
or 
ii) “The Brassica napus  seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy, and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds.”  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatm ent details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
2.3.2 Importation of grain/seeds to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Brassica napus  seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non -viable, using one of 
the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer  should, prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.3.3 Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Brassica napus  seeds must be processed in a transitional facility approved in accordance with th e 
Standard for Transitional Facilities for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds.  
(3) Brassica napus  seeds must only be used for the manufacture of food/feed products and any residue 
must be held and destroyed as directed by an Inspector.  
Documentation  
(4) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required; otherwise, the seeds must be 
analy sed upon arrival in New Zealand, as per Part 1.6.  
(5) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
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2.3.4 Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Brassica napus  seed is not eligible for importation for biosecu rity clearance on arrival at the 
New Zealand border.  
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2.4 Cannabis sativa (low-THC hemp varieties)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Cannabis sativa seed s can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Cannabis sativa seed s may be imported under one of the following options:   
 
Guidance  
• Under Ministry of Health  regulations , importers of whole Cannabis sativa  seeds (low -THC hemp 
varieties) must contact the Ministry of Health  (the Controll ed Drugs Advisor for Medicines 
Control) prior to importation for advice on licensing.  
• There are additional requirements  under the Agricultur al Compound s and Veterinary Medicine s 
(ACVM)  Act for THC and CBD contents of Cannabis sativa  seeds used in animal fe ed. See 
products regulated under the ACVM Act  or contact approvals@mpi.govt.nz  for more information.  
2.4.1 Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Cannabis sativa seed s must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand, using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2  or must be hulled.   
(2) Following treatment, seeds  must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required.  
a) The following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate  for 
consignments of h eat-treated or irradiated Cannabis sativa  seeds : 
i) “The Cannabis sativa seed s were heat -treated,  and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds” ;  
or 
ii) “The Cannabis sativa seed s were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds .”  
b) The following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate for 
consignments of hulled Cannabis sativa  seeds:  
i) “The Cannabis sativa seed s were hulled,  and the consignment contains no viable whole 
seeds .” 
and 
ii) “The Cannabis sativa  seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “ pest free area” free  from  Curvularia cymbopogonis , Leptosphaeria 
woroninii  and Septoria cannabis ;  
or 
2) sourced from a  “pest free place of production”  free from  Curvularia cymbopogonis , 
Leptosphaeria woroninii  and Septoria cannabis ; 
or 
3) representatively sampled  with a sample size of five times (5 ×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies . The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result is negative for 
Curvularia cymbopogonis , Leptosphaeria woroninii  and Septoria cannabis .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the expor ting country.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  17 of 79 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at  an MPI approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of Curvularia cymbopogonis , Leptosphaeria  woroninii  and Septoria cannabis . The 
sample size taken for the phytosanitary ce rtificate must be five times (5×) ISTA  using ISTA or 
AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.4.2 Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Cannabis sativa seed s must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non- viable , using one of 
the treatment op tions listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.4.3 Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Cannabis sativa seeds  must be processed to render them non -viable in a transitional facility approved 
in accordance with  the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds.  
(3) Cannabis sativa  seeds must be used for the manufacture of food or animal products only  and a ny 
residue must be held and destroyed as directed by an i nspector.  
Documentation  
(4) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Ze aland  as per Part 1.6 . 
(5) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
a) The following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Cannabis sativa seeds have been:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area ” free from Curvularia cymbopogonis , Leptosphaeria 
woroninii and Septoria cannabis ; 
or  
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production” free from Curvularia cymbopogonis , 
Leptosphaeria woroninii and  Septoria cannabis;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a samp le size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested  
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Curvularia cymbopogonis , Leptosphaeria woroninii  and Septoria cannabis .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept a separate lab test result endorsed by  the NPPO of the exporting country.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  18 of 79 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Curvularia cymbopogonis , Leptosphaeria woroninii  and Septoria cannabis . The 
sample size must be five times (5 ×) ISTA using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
2.4.4 Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Cannabis sativa seeds  are not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New 
Zealand border.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  19 of 79 
2.5 Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)  
(1) The regulated pest list for  Carthamus tinctorius  can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Carthamus tincto rius seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.5.1 Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Carthamus tinctorius  seeds  must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of 
the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required.  
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Carthamus tinctorius seeds  were heat -treated and the consignment contains no 
viable seeds” ; 
or 
ii) “The Carthamus tinctorius seed s were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds” .  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment  details  can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.5.2 Importation of grai n/seeds to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Carthamus tinctorius  seeds  must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non-viable , using 
one of the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation 
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.5.3 Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Carthamus tinctorius  seeds  are not eligible for importation for processing in  a transitional facility.  
2.5.4 Importation of grain/seed s for biosecurity clearance on arr ival at New Zealand border 
(Option 4)  
(1) Carthamus tinctorius  seeds can only be imported from Australia, Canada and the USA  for biosecurity 
clearance on arrival at the New Zealand border.  
Documentation  
(2) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  20 of 79 
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
a) The following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Carthamus t inctorius  seeds have been:  
1) sourced from an area where Alternaria carthami and Cercospora carthami  are 
known not to occur / not known to occur ; 
or  
2) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and no Alternaria carthami and Cercospora carthami 
were det ected;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in accord ance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Alternaria carthami and Cercospora carthami ”.  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representative ly sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Alternaria carthami and Cercospora carthami . The sample size must be five times 
(5×) ISTA  using ISTA  or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
   Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  21 of 79 
2.6 Cice r arietinum  (chickpeas)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Cicer arietinum  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Cicer arietinum  seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.6.1 Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Cicer arietinum  seeds  must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional dec laration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Cicer arietinum  seeds  were heat -treated and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds” ; 
or 
ii) “The Cicer arietinum  seeds  were irradiated at  a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable  seeds” .  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.6.2 Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Cicer arietinum  seeds  must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non -viable,  using one of 
the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For grain and seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the impor ter should, prior to import, ensure 
that the transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.6.3 Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Cicer arietinum  seeds  must be processed in a transitional facility approved in accordance with t he 
Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional fac ility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds . 
(3) Any residue of Cicer arietinum  seeds  after processing must be held and destroyed as directed by an 
Inspector.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  22 of 79 
A: Processing of seeds for sprouting 
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Cicer arietinum  seeds were:  
1) sourced from an area where Ascochyta rabiei  is known not to occur/ not known to 
occur;   
or 
2) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and no Ascochyta rabiei  was found;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result wa s negative for 
Ascochyta rabiei.”   
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country . 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Ascochyta rabiei . The sample size must be five times (5×) ISTA  using ISTA or AOSA 
guidelines/ methodologies.  
B: Processing of seeds into a manufactured product or commer cially processed for consumption  
(1) Cicer arietinum  seeds  must be processed to render  them  non-viable.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
2.6.4 Importation of grain/seed s for biosecurity clearance on arrival at New Zealand border 
(Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Cicer arietinum  seeds were:  
1) sourced from an area where Ascochyta rabiei  is known  not to occur/not known to 
occur ;  
or Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  23 of 79 
2) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and no Ascochyta rabiei  was found;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and i n 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Ascochyta rabiei.”   
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representative ly sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory against 
Ascochyta rabiei. The sample size must be five times (5×) ISTA using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ 
methodologies.  
 
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  24 of 79 
2.7 Glycine max (soybeans ) 
(1) The regulated pest list for Glycine max seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Glycine max seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.7.1 Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Glycine max seeds must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely h eld to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required.  
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Glycine max seeds were heat-treated,  and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds” ;  
or 
ii) “The Glycine max seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds” .  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.7.2 Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Glycine max seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render  them  non-viable, using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation   
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.7.3 Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Glycine max seeds  must be processed in a transitional facility approved  in accordance with the 
Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved  by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds . 
(3) Glycine max seeds must only be used for the manufacture of food produc ts and any residu e must be 
held and destroyed a s directed by an Inspector.  
Documentation  
(4) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certifica te are required ; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  25 of 79 
(5) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Glycine max seeds were:  
1) sourced from an area where Peronospora manshurica is known not to occur/  not 
known to occur;  
or 
2) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and no Peronospora manshurica  was found;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Peronospora manshuric a.”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
(6) If additional declarations or a laboratory test result for freedom from Peronospora manshurica cannot 
be provided, the Glycine max seeds must be heat-treated during processing at 85˚C or above for 60 
seconds for surface sterilisation purposes.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Peronospora manshurica . The sample size must be five times (5× ) ISTA using ISTA 
or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
2.7.4 Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Glycine max seeds are not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New 
Zealand border.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  26 of 79 
2.8 Gossypium spp. (cotton)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Gossypium  spp.  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Gossypium  spp. seeds  may b e imported under one of the following options:   
2.8.1 Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Gossypium  spp. seeds must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand, using one of the 
treatment options listed in Append ix 2. 
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required:  
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Gossypium  spp. seeds were heat -treated,  and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds” ;  
or 
ii) “The Gossypium  spp. seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds” .  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore trea tment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.8.2 Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Gossypium  spp. seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render them  non-viable , using one of 
the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.8.3 Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Gossypium  spp. seeds must be processed to render them non -viable in a transitional facility approved 
in accordance with the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be ap proved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds.  
Documentation  
(3) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  27 of 79 
2.8.4 Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Gossypium spp . seeds  are not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New 
Zealand border.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  28 of 79 
2.9 Guizotia abyssinica (niger) 
(1) The regulated pest list for Guizotia abyssinica  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Guizotia abyssinica seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.9.1 Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Guizotia abyssinica seeds must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of 
the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required :  
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Gu izotia abyssinica seeds wer e heat -treated and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds” ;  
or 
ii) “The Gu izotia abyssinica seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds .”  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.9.2 Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Guizotia abyssinica seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non -viable , using one 
of the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transiti onal facility can treat the consignment.  
2.9.3 Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Guizotia abyssinica seeds must be processed to render  them  non-viable in a transitional facility 
approved in accordance with the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk 
Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds.  
Documentation  
(3) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  29 of 79 
2.9.4 Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the seeds must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  30 of 79 
2.10 Helianthus spp. (sunflower  seeds)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Helianthus spp. seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Helianthus  spp.  seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:  
2.10.1  Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Helianthus  spp.  seeds must be rendered non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand, using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional dec laration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Helianthus  spp. seeds were heat-treated,  and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds” ;  
or 
ii) “The Helianthus  spp. seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds .”  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.10.2  Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Helianthus  spp. se eds must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non- viable , using one of 
the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.10.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Helianthus  spp. seeds must be processed in a transitional facility approved in accordan ce with  the 
Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds.  
A: Processing of seeds for sprouting 
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required : Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  31 of 79 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Helianthus  spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from an area where Aspergillus parasiticus, Diaporthe helianthi, 
Leptosphaeria lindquistii and Septoria helianthi  is known not to occur/  not known to 
occur;  
or 
2) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and no Aspergillus parasiticus, Diaporthe helianthi, 
Leptosphaeria lindquistii and Septoria helianthi  was found;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA  or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested  
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Aspergillus parasiticus, Diaporthe helianthi, Leptosphaeria lindquistii and Septoria 
helianthi .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.   
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory against  
Aspergillus parasiticus, Diaporthe helianthi, Leptosphaeria lindquistii and Septoria helianthi . The 
sample size must be five times (5 ×) ISTA using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
B: Processing of seeds into a  manufactured product or commercially processed for consumption  
(1) Helianthus  spp. seed s must be processed to render them non -viable . 
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
2.10.4  Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at  the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the followin g additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Helianthus  spp. seeds were:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insects ;  
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any 
live, visually detectable regulated insects ”. 
and Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  32 of 79 
ii) “The Helianthus  spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area”  free from Pseudomonas syringae pv . aptata  and 
Pseudomonas syringae  pv. tagetis ;   
or 
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production”  free from Pseudomonas syringae pv. 
aptata and Pseudomonas syringae  pv. tagetis ; 
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Pseudomonas syringae  pv. aptata and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis .”  
If this declara tion can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
and 
iii) “The Helianthus  spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area”  free from Aspergillus parasiticus, Dia porthe 
helia nthi, Leptosphaeria lindquistii and  Septoria helianthi;   
or 
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production ” free from Aspergillus parasiticus, 
Diaporthe helianthi, Leptosphaeria lindquistii and Septoria helianthi ; 
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Aspergillus parasiticus,  Diaporthe helianthi, Leptosphaeria lindquistii and Septoria 
helianthi .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
and 
iv) “The Helianthu s spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area”  free from Sunflower mosaic virus ;   
or 
2) sourced from a “ pest free place of production ” free from Sunflower mosaic virus . 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Pseudomonas syringae  pv. aptata, Pseudomonas syringae  pv. tagetis, Aspergillus 
parasiticus, Diaporthe helianthi, Leptosphaeria lindquistii and Septoria helianthi . The sa mple size 
must be five times (5 ×) ISTA using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosani tary certificate.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  33 of 79 
2.11 Hordeum spp. (barley)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Hordeum spp.  can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Hordeum  spp. may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.11.1  Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Hordeum  spp. grain must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, grain must be securely  held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Hordeum  spp. grain w as heat-treated,  and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds”; 
or 
ii) “The Hordeum  spp. grain w as irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds” . 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.11.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Hordeum  spp. grain must be treated in a transitional facility to render it  non-viable , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For grain that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , priot to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.11.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Hordeum  spp. grain must be unloaded and transported from the port of first arrival to a transitional 
facility in accord ance with a grain import system that ensures the grain is securely transported . 
(2) Hordeum  spp. grain must be processed to render it non- viable in a transitional facility approved in 
accordance with  the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(3) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing grains.  
Documentation  
(4) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the grain  must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  34 of 79 
(5) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Hordeum  spp. grain has  been:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insect s and mites;  
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any 
live, visually detectable  regulated insects and  mites .” 
and 
ii) “The Hordeum  spp. grain has  been:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area” free from Cephalosporium gramineum , Fusarium 
longipes and Tilletia controversa ;  
or 
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production” free from Cephalos porium 
gramineum, Fusarium long ipes and Tilletia controversa ;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guid elines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Cephalosporium gramineum, Fusarium longipes  and Tilletia controversa .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary  certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Cephalos porium gramineum, Fusarium longipes  and Tilletia controversa . The 
sample size must be five times (5 ×) ISTA  using ISTA  or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “D isinfestation and/or D isinfection 
Teatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
• Information on GIS is prescribed in the MPI Operational Standard: Grain for Process ing Import 
System Requirements . Requirements for the seed analysis certificate s can be found in Appendix 
B. 
2.11.4  Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Hordeum spp . grain is  not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New 
Zealand border.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  35 of 79 
2.12 Lens spp. (lentils ) 
(1) The regulated pest list for Lens spp.  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Lens spp. seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.12.1  Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Lens spp.  seeds must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appen dix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) The following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary cert ificate:  
i) “The Lens spp.  seeds were heat -treated,  and the consignment contains no viable seeds” ;  
or 
ii) “The Lens spp. seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment contains 
no viable seeds” .  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.12.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Lens spp. seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non- viable , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2 . 
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.12.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Lens spp. seeds must be processed to render non -viable in a transitional facility approved in 
accordance with  the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds.  
Documentation  
(3) A sampling certificate and a seed analy sis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand,  as per Part 1.6.  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  36 of 79 
2.12.4   Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at  the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are requir ed; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  37 of 79 
2.13 Lupinus spp. (lupin s) 
(1) The regulated pest list for Lupinus spp.  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Lupinus  spp.  seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.13.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Lupinus  spp. seeds must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certifica te is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Lupinus  spp. seeds were heat -treated,  and the consignment contains no viable 
seeds” ;  
or 
ii) “The Lupinus  spp. seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignment 
contains no viable seeds .”  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.13.2   Importation of grain/seeds to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Lupinus  spp. s eeds must be treated to render non -viable in a transitional facility, using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.13.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Lupinus  spp.  seeds must be p rocessed to render  them  non-viable in a transitional facility approved in 
accordance with  the Standard for Tran sitional Facility for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds  
Documentation  
(3) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analys ed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  38 of 79 
2.13.4   Importation of grain/seed s for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Lupinus  spp. seeds can only be imported from Australia, Canada , and USA for biosecurity clearance 
on arrival at the New Zealand border.  
Documentation  
(2) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon a rrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  39 of 79 
2.14 Medicago spp. (alfalfa/l ucerne)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Medicago spp. seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Medicago spp. seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.14.1  Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Medicago spp. seeds must be r endered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in A ppendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Medicago spp.  seeds were heat -treated,  and the consi gnment contains no viable 
seeds”.  
or 
ii) “The Medicago spp.  seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consign ment 
contains no viable seeds .” 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.14.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Medicago spp. seeds must be treated to render n on-viable in a transitional facility, using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that t he 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.14.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Medicago spp. seed s must be processed to render them non-viable in a transitional facility approved in 
accordance with  the Standard for Transitional Facility for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved b y MPI for holding and/or processing seeds . 
Documentation  
(3) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  40 of 79 
2.14.4   Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Medicago spp. seeds must be  free of unapproved genetically modified (GM) grain/seed s. 
Documentation  
(2) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand  as per Part 1.6 . 
(3) A genetically modified seed test certificate for Medicago sativa  is required, otherwise consignments of 
Medicago spp. seeds must be representatively sampled, tested and found to be free of unapproved 
GM seeds on arrival.  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Medicag o spp. seeds  have been:  
1) sourced from an area where Pea early browning tobravirus , Peanut stunt 
cucumovirus and  Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfalfa  are known not to occur/  not 
known to occur ; 
or 
2) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and no Pea early browing tobravirus , Peanut stunt 
cucumovirus and  Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfalfa  was detected;  
or 
3) (only for Xanthomonas campestris  pv. alfalfa) representatively sampled with a 
sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in accordance with ISTA or AOSA 
guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested at a NPPO -approved diagnostic 
laboratory and the test result was negative for Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfalfa .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the expor ting country  
 
Guidance  
• Guidelines for sampling and testing for the presence of GM seeds are specified in the Operational 
Code:  Protocol for Testing for the Presence of Genetically Modified Plant Mate rial.  
• A list of MPI approved GM testing facilities  can be found on the MPI website.  
• Guidelines for importation of GM food and ingredients  can be found on the MPI website.  
• Any consignment that is found to contain unapproved GM seeds will not be permitted to enter New 
Zealand and will be treated (where appropriate),  re-shipped or destroyed.  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfalfa . The sample size must be five times (5×) ISTA  
using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
   Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  41 of 79 
2.15 Panicum spp. (millet)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Panicum  spp.  grain can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Panicum spp. grain  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.15.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Panicum spp. grain must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, grain must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional dec laration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Panicum spp. grain was  heat-treated,  and the consign ment contains no viable 
seeds”.  
or 
ii) “The Panicum spp. grain was  irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consignm ent contains 
no viable seeds .” 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.15.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Panicum spp. grain must be treated in a transitional facility to render it  non-viable , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For grain that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.15.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Panicum spp. grain  must be processed to render it non-viable in a transitional facility approved in 
accordance with  the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing grain . 
Documentation  
(3) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the grain must be 
analysed upon arrival in Ne w Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(4) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  42 of 79 
i) “The Panicum  spp. grain has  been:  
1) sourced from a n area where Balansia claviceps, B. epichloe, B.  oryzae -sativae, 
Cochliobolus pallescens  and Ustilago crameri  are known not to occur/ not known to 
occur;  
or 
2) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and Balansia claviceps , B. ep ichloe , B. oryzae -sativae , 
Cochliobolus pallescens and  Ustilago crameri  were not detected;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested  
at a NPP O-approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for  
Balansia claviceps , B. epichloe, B.  oryzae -sativae , Cochliobolus pallescens and  
Ustilago crameri .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
and 
ii) “The Panicum  spp. grain : 
1) was sourced from an area where Aphelenchoides besseyi  is known not to occur / not 
known to occur ; 
or 
2) has undergone appropriate pest control activities that are effective against 
Aphelenchoides besseyi ; 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Balansia claviceps , B. epichloe , B. oryzae- sativae , Cochliobolus pallescens and  
Ustilago crameri . The sample size must be five times (5×) ISTA  using ISTA  or AOSA guidelines/ 
methodologies.  
2.15.4   Importation of grain/seeds  for biosecurity clearance on arrival at  the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the grain must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand  as per Part 1.6 . 
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Panicum  spp. grain has  been:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insect s;  
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any live, visually detectable regulated insects ; 
and Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  43 of 79 
ii) “The Panicum  spp. grain has  been:  
1) sourced from an area where Aphelenchoides besseyi  is known not to occur/ not 
known to occur;  
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pest icide and subsequently found to be free of  live 
Aphelenchoides besseyi ; 
and  
iii) “The Panicum  spp. grain has  been:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area ” where Balansia claviceps, B. epichloe , B. oryzae -
sativae , Cochliobolus pallescens  and Ustilago crameri are known not to occur/ not 
known to occur;  
or 
2) sourced from a “pest free  place of production ” where Balansia claviceps , B. 
epichloe , B. oryzae -sativae , Cochliobolus pallescens and Ustilago crameri  are 
known not to occur/ not known to occur;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Balansia claviceps , B. epichloe, B.  oryzae -sativae , Cochliobolus pallescens and  
Ustilago crameri .” 
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representative ly sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of Balansia claviceps , B. epichloe , B. oryzae -sativae , Cochliobolus pallescens and  
Ustilago crameri . The sample size must be five times (5×) ISTA  using ISTA  or AOSA guidelines/ 
methodologies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “D isinfestation and/or D isinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
 
 
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  44 of 79 
2.16 Pennisetum glaucum  and P. clandestinum  (green millet)  
(1) Pennisetum glaucum  and P. clandestinum  seeds may be imported under one of the following options:  
2.16.1  Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Pennisetum glaucum  and P. clandestinum  seeds must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in 
New Zealand, using one of the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is re quired.  
a) One of the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Pennisetum glaucum  and P. clandestinum  seeds were heat -treated, and the 
consignment contains no viable seeds.”  
or 
ii) “The Pennisetum glaucum  and P. cl andestinum  seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy 
and the consignment contains no viable seeds.”  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
 
2.16.2  Importation of grain/seeds to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Pennisetum  glaucum  and P. clandestinum  seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render 
them non -viable, using one of the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should, prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
 
2.16.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing i n New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Pennisetum glaucum  and P. clandestinum  seeds are not eligible for importation for processing in a 
transitional facility  
2.16.4  Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Pennisetum glaucum  and P. clandestinum  seeds are not eligible for importation for biosecurity 
clearance on arrival at the New Zealand border.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  45 of 79 
2.17 Phalaris canariensis (canary grass)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Phalaris canariensis  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Phalaris canariensis  seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.17.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Phalaris canariensis  seeds must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of 
the treatment options li sted in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation 
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phyto sanitary certificate:  
i) “The Phalaris canariensis  seeds were heat -treated,  and the consi gnment contains no 
viable seeds”.   
or 
ii) “The Phalaris canariensis  seeds were irradiated at  a dose of 25 KGy and the consig nment 
contains no viable seeds”.   
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.17.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Phalaris canariensis  seeds must be treated in a  transitional facility to render them non -viable , using 
one of the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation 
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required . 
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.17.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Phalaris canariensis  seeds are not eligible for importation for processing in  a transitional facility.  
2.17.4   Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at  the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Phalaris canariensis  seeds can only be imported from Australia, Canada and USA for biosecurity 
clearance on arrival at the New Zealand border.  
Documentation 
(2) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival  in New Zealand,  as per Part 1.6.  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is required.   Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  46 of 79 
2.18 Phaseolus spp. (green beans, other beans)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Phaseolus spp.  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Phaseolus spp. seeds  may be impo rted under one of the following options:   
2.18.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Phaseolus spp. seeds must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand, using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation 
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Phaseolus spp. seeds were heat -treated,  and the consign ment contains no viable 
seeds”.  
or 
ii) “The Phaseolus spp. seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consign ment 
conta ins no viable seeds .” 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.18.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Phaseolus spp. se eds must be treated in a transitional facility to render  them  non-viable , using one of 
the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation 
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.18.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Phaseolus spp. seeds must be processed in a transitional facility approved in accordance with  the 
Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds . 
A: Processing of seeds for sprouting 
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required : Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  47 of 79 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Phaseolus spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from an area whe re Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Elsinoe phaseoli  and 
Phoma exigua var. diversispora are  known not to occur/  not known to occur;  
or 
2) sourced from a crop that has been inspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and no Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Elsinoe phaseoli  and 
Phoma exigua var. diversispora was not detected ;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×)  ISTA and in 
accordance with  ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Elsinoe phaseoli  and Phoma exi gua var. diversispora .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that  have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Elsinoe phaseoli  and Phoma exigua var. diversispora . 
The sample size must be five times (5×) ISTA using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
B: Processing of seeds into a manufactured product or commercially processed for consumption  
(1) Phaseolus spp. seeds  must be processed to render them non -viable.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
2.18.4  Importation of grain/seeds for  biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Phaseolus spp. seeds were:  
1) inspected in accordance w ith appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insects ; 
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any 
live, visua lly detectable regulated insects .” 
and 
ii) “The Phaseolus  spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area” free from Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens  pv. 
flaccumfaciens;  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  48 of 79 
or 
2) sourced from a “ pest free place of production ” free from Curtobacterium 
flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens ; 
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×)  ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Curtobacterium flaccumfa ciens pv. flaccumfaciens .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
and 
iii) “The Phaseolus  spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free ar ea” free from Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Elsinoe 
phaseoli and Phoma exigua var. diversispora;  
or 
2) sourced from a “ pest free place of production”  free from Cochliobolus miyabeanus, 
Elsinoe phaseoli and Phoma exigua var. diversispora;  
or 
3) representatively sample d with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Elsinoe phaseoli  and Phoma exigua var. diversispora .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
and 
iv) “The Phaseolus  spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area ” free from  Bean common mosaic virus [blackeye 
cowpea mosaic strain], Southern bean mosaic virus and Tomato black ring virus ; 
or 
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production”  free from Bean common mosaic vir us 
[blackeye cowpea mosaic strain],  Southern bean mosaic virus and Tomato black 
ring virus .” 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved d iagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Elsinoe phaseoli  and Phoma exigua var. diversispora.  The sample size must be five times (5×) 
ISTA using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “D isinfestation and/or D isinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  49 of 79 
2.19 Pisum  spp. (peas ) 
(1) The regulated pest list for Pisum spp.  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Pisum  spp. seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.19.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Pisum spp. seeds must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely he ld to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation 
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Pisum spp. seeds were heat-treated,  and the consignment contains no viable seeds ”.  
or 
ii) “The Pisum spp. seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consign ment contains 
no viable seeds”.  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.19.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Pisum spp. seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non -viable , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2 . 
Documentation 
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.19.3   Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Pisum spp. seeds must be processed in a transitional facility approved in accordance with  the 
Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds . 
A: Processing of seed s for sprouting 
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required : Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  50 of 79 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Pisum spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from an area where Cladosporium cladosporioides  f. sp. pisicola  is known 
not to occur/ not known to occur;  
or 
2) sourced from a crop that has been i nspected during the growing season according 
to appropriate procedures and no Cladosporium cladosporioides  f. sp. pisicola  was 
detected;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×)  ISTA and in 
accordance with  ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Cladosporium cladosporioides  f. sp. pisicola .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Cladosporium cladosporioides f. sp . pisicola . The sa mple size must be five times (5 ×) 
ISTA  using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
B: Processing of seeds into a manufactured product or commercially processed for consumption  
(1) Pisum spp. seed s must be processed to render  them  non-viable.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
2.19.4  Importation of grain/seeds  for biosecurity clearance on arrival at  the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the seeds must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) The following add itional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Pisum spp. seeds were:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insect s; 
or 
2) fumigated with an a ppropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any 
live, visually detectable regulated insects .” 
and 
ii) “The Pisum spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area”  free from Cladosporium cladosporioides  f. sp. 
pisicola ; Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  51 of 79 
or 
2) sourced from a “ pest free place of production” free from Cladosporium 
cladosporioides  f. sp. pisicola ; 
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Cladosporium cladosporioides  f. sp. pisicola .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of t he exporting country.  
and 
iii) “The Pisum spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area ” free from Broad bean mottle virus, Broad bean stain 
virus and Pea early -browning virus;  
or 
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production”  free from Broad bean mottle virus, 
Broad bean stain virus  and Pea early -browning virus .” 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diag nostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Cladosporium cladosporioides f. sp . pisicola.  The sample size must be five times 
(5×) ISTA  using ISTA  or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “D isinfestation and/ or Disinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  52 of 79 
2.20 Secale cereale (rye/ryecorn)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Secale cereal e grain can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Secale cereale  grain may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.20.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Secale cereale  grain must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, grain must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional de claration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Secale cereale  grain were heat -treated and the consign ment contains no viable 
seeds” ; 
or 
ii) “The Secale cereale  grain were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consig nment 
contains no viable seeds .” 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.20.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Secale cereale  grain must be treated in a transitional facility to render it non -viable , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For grains that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import, ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.20.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Secale cereale  grain must be unloaded and transported from the port of first arrival to a transitional 
facility in accordance with a grain import system that ensures the grain is securely transported.  
(2) Secale cereale  grain must be processed to render it non -viable in a transitional facility operating under 
the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(3) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing grain . 
Documentation  
(4) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the grain  must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  53 of 79 
(5) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Secale cereale  grain ha s been:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insect s;  
or 
2) fumigat ed with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any 
live, visually detectable  regulated insects .” 
and 
ii) “The Secale cereale  grain ha s been:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area” free from Septoria secalis, Tilletia controversa and 
Urocystis occulta ;  
or  
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production” free from Septoria secalis, Tilletia 
controversa and  Urocystis occulta ; 
or 
3) representatively sampled with the sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Septoria secalis, Tilletia controversa and Urocystis occulta .”  
If this declaration can  not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Septoria secalis, Tilletia controversa and Urocystis occulta . The sa mple size must be 
five times (5 ×) ISTA using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
• Information on the GIS is prescribed in the MPI Operational Standard: Grain for Processing, 
Import System Requirements .  Requirements for seed analysis certificate can be found in 
Appendix B . 
2.20.4  Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Secale cereale grain is  not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New 
Zealand border.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  54 of 79 
2.21 Setaria italica (foxtail  / Italian millet)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Setaria italica  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Setaria italica seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.21.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Setaria italica seeds must be rendered non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) The following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Setaria italica seeds were heat -treated and the consign ment contains no viable 
seeds”;  
or 
ii) “The Setaria italica seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consign ment 
contains no viable seeds .” 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatmen t” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.21.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Setaria italica se eds must be treated in a transitional facility to render them non -viable, using one of 
the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.21.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Setaria italica seeds are not eligible for importation for processing in  a transitional facility.  
2.21.4   Importation of grain/ seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Setaria italica seeds can only be imported from Australia, Canada and USA for biosecurity clearance 
on arrival at the New Zealand border.  
Documentation  
(2) A sampling certificate a nd a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  55 of 79 
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) The following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Setaria italica seeds have been:  
1) sourced from a n area  where Sclerospora graminicola is known not to occur / not 
known to occur ; 
or 
2)  sourced from a crop that w ere inspected during the growing season according to 
appropriate p rocedures and no Sclerospora graminicola  was detected ; 
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×)  ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and  the test result was  negative for 
Sclerospora graminicola. ”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Sclerospora graminicola . The sample size must be five times (5 ×) ISTA using ISTA 
or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
 
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  56 of 79 
2.22 Sorghum bicolor  (sorghum)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Sorghum bicolor  grain can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Sorghum bicolor  grain  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.22.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Sorghum bicolor  grain must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand, using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, grain  must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation 
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Sorghum bicolor  grain was  heat -treated,  and the consignm ent contains no viable 
seeds”.  
or 
ii) “The Sorghum bicolor  grain was  irradiated at  a dose of  25 KGy and the consig nment 
contains no viable  seeds”.  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.22.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Sorghum bicolor  grain must be treated in a transitional facility to render  it non-viable,  using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For grains that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.22.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Sorghum bicolor  grain must be unloaded and transported from the port of first arrival to a transitional  
facility in accordance with a grain import system that ensures the grain is securely transported.  
(2) Sorghum bicolor  grain must be processed to render it non -viable in a transitional facility approved in 
accordance with  the St andard for Transitional Facilities  for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(3) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing grain . 
Documentation  
(4) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the grain  must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  57 of 79 
(5) A phytosanitary certificate is requi red: 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Sorghum bicolor  grain has  been:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated  insect s;  
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any 
live, visually detectable  regulated insects .” 
and 
ii) “The Sorghum bicolor  grain has  been:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area” free from Gloeocercopspora sorghi, 
Peronosclerospora graminicola, Peronosclerospora philippinensis and Peronosclerospora sorghi ;  
or  
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production” free from Gloeocercopspora sorghi, 
Peronosc lerospora graminicola, Peronosclerospora philippinensis and 
Peronosclerospora sorghi ;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×)  ISTA and in 
accordance with  ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Gloeocercopspora sorghi, Peronosclerospora graminicola, Peronosclerospora 
philippinensis and Peronosclerospora sorghi ;  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certifica te, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
or 
4) (only for Peronosclerospora philippinensis  and Peronosclerospora sorghi ) 
commercially dried to 14% moisture content or less to kill fungal spores of 
Peronosclerospora philippinensis  and Peronosclerospora  sorghi .” 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Gloeocercopspora sorghi, Peronosclerospora graminicola, Peronosclerospora 
philippinensis and  Peronosclerospora sorghi . The sample size must be five times (5×) IST A 
using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ methodologies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
• Information on GIS is prescribed in the MPI Operational Standard: Grain for Processing, Import 
System Requirements . Requirements for seed  analysis certificate s can be found in Appendix B . 
2.22.4  Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Sorghum bicolor  grain is not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New 
Zealand border.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  58 of 79 
2.23 Triticosecale and Triticum  spp. (triticale, wheat)  
(1) The regulated pest list for T riticosecale and Triticum  spp.  grain can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Triticosecale / T riticum spp. grain may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.23.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Triticosecale  and Triticum spp . grain must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , 
using one of the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, grain must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required : 
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Triticosecale  / Triticum spp . grain was  heat -treated and the consign ment contains no 
viable seeds”.  
or 
ii) “The Triticosecale  / Triticum spp . grain was  irradiated at a dose of 25 KG y and the 
consig nment contains no viable seeds .” 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.23.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Triticosecale  and Triticum spp . grain must be treated in a transitional facility to render  it non-viable , 
using one of the treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For grains that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.23.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Triticosecale  and Triticum spp . grain must be unloaded and transported from the port of first arrival to a 
transitional facility in accordance with a grain import system that ensures the grain is securely 
transported.  
(2) Triticosecale and  Triticum spp . grain must be processed to render it non -viable in a transitional facility 
approved in accordance with  the Stan dard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk 
Goods . 
(3) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing grain.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  59 of 79 
Documentation  
(4) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the grai n must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(5) A phytosanitary certificate is required : 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Triticosecale  / Triticum spp . grain has  been:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insect s and mites;  
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any live, visually detectable regulated insects and  mites ”. 
and 
ii) “The Triticosecale / Triticum spp . grain has  been:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area” free from Tilletia controversa, Tilletia indica, 
Alternaria triticina and Cephalosporium gramineum ;  
or  
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production” free from Tilletia controversa, Tillet ia 
indica, Alternaria triticina and Cephalosporium gramineum ;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Tilletia controversa, Tilletia indica, Alternaria triticina and Cephalosporium 
gramineum .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by theNPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled 
by the exporting c ountry’s NPPO , tested at a n MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Tilletia controversa, Tilletia indica, Alternaria triticina and  Cephalosporium 
gramineum . The sample size must be five times (5×) ISTA  using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ 
methodo logies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
• Information on GIS is prescribed in the MPI Operational Standard: Grain for Processing, Import 
System Requirements . Requirements for seed analysis certificate s can be found in Appendix B . 
2.23.4  Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Triticosecale / Triticum spp. grain is  not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at 
the New Zealand border.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  60 of 79 
2.24 Vicia  spp. (broad beans / faba beans ) 
(1) The regulated pest list for Vicia  spp. seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Vicia  spp. seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.24.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Vicia spp. seeds must be rendered  non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely he ld to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is required:  
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Vicia spp. seeds were heat-treated,  and the consign ment contains no viable seeds”.  
or 
ii) “The Vicia spp. seeds were irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy and the consign ment contains 
no viable seeds .” 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
2.24.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Vicia spp. seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render them  non-viable , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat the consignment.  
2.24.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Vicia spp. seeds must be processed in a transitional facility approved in accordance with  the Standard 
for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/ or processing seeds . 
A: Processing of seeds for sprouting 
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required . Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  61 of 79 
B: Processing of seeds into a manufactured product or commercially processed for consumption  
(1) Vicia spp. seed s must be processed to render them non -viable.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
2.24.4   Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at  the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed an alysis certificate are required;  otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required:  
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Vicia spp. seeds were:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insect s; 
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any 
live, visually detectable regulated insects .” 
and 
ii) “The Vicia spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area”  free from Artichoke yellow ringspot virus, Broad 
bean mottle viru s, Broad bean stain virus, Broad bean true mosaic virus  and Pea 
early -browning virus ; 
or 
2) sourced from a “ pest free place of production”  free from Artichoke yellow ringspot 
virus, Broad bean mottle virus, Broad bean stain virus, Broad bean true mosaic virus  
and Pea early -browning virus .” 
 
Guidance  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “D isinfestation and/or D isinfection 
Treatment ” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  62 of 79 
2.25 Vigna spp. (adzuki  beans,  black- eyed beans,  mung beans,  
cowpeas ) 
(1) The regulated pest list for Vigna  spp.  seeds can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Vigna  spp. seeds  may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.25.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin ( Option 1)  
(1) Vigna  spp. seeds must be rendered non-viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, seeds must be securely held to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate is required:  
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Vigna spp. seeds were heat -treated,  and the consign ment contains no viable seeds”.  
or 
ii) “The Vigna spp. seeds were irradiated at a dose of  25 KGy and the consign ment contains 
no viable seeds”.  
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
2.25.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Vigna  spp. seeds must be treated in a transitional facility to render  them  non-viable , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For seeds that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility  can treat the consignment.  
2.25.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Vigna  spp. seeds must be processed in a transitional facility approved in accordance with  the Standard 
for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(2) The transitional facility must be approved  by MPI for holding and/or processing seeds . 
A: Processing of seeds for sprouting 
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  63 of 79 
B: Processing of seeds into a manufactured product or commercially processed for consumption  
(1) Vigna  spp. seed s must be processed to render them non -viable.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
2.25.4  Importation of grain/seeds  for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
Documentation  
(1) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise,  the seed s must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Z ealand,  as per Part 1.6.  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required:  
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Vigna spp. seeds were:  
1) sourced from a n area where  Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv . flaccumfaciens and 
Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vignicola  are known not to occur/ not known to occur;  
or 
2) sourced from a crop that were inspected during the growing season according to 
appropriate procedures and no Curtobacte rium flaccumfaciens pv . flaccumfaciens 
and Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vignicola  were detected;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of five times (5×) ISTA and in 
accordance with ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested 
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv . flaccumfaciens and Xanthomonas campestris pv. 
Vignicola .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the exporting country.  
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representativ ely sampled 
by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of  Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv . flaccumfaciens and Xanthomonas campestris pv . 
Vignicola.  The sample size must be five times (5 ×) ISTA  using I STA or AOSA guidelines/ 
methodologies.  
 
  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  64 of 79 
2.26 Zea mays (maize , popcorn, sweetcorn)  
(1) The regulated pest list for Zea mays  grain can be found in Appendix 4.  
(2) Zea mays grain may be imported under one of the following options:   
2.26.1   Importation of grain/seeds devitalised in the country of origin (Option 1)  
(1) Zea mays grain must be rendered non -viable prior to arrival in New Zealand , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
(2) Following treatment, grain must be securely hel d to prevent  contamination or re -infestation with 
regulated pests.  
Documentation  
(3) A phytosanitary certificate  is required.  
a) the following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  
i) “The Zea mays grain was  heat -treated,  and the  consign ment contains no viable seeds”.  
or 
ii) “The Zea mays grain was  irradiated at  a dose of  25 KGy and the consig nment contains no 
viable seeds .” 
 
Guidance  
• Offshore treatment details can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection Treatment” 
section of the phytosanitary certificate .  
2.26.2   Importation of grain/seeds  to be treated in New Zealand (Option 2)  
(1) Zea mays gr ain must be treated in a transitional facility to render  it non-viable , using one of the 
treatment options listed in Appendix 2.  
Documentation  
(2) A phytosanitary certificate is required.  
 
Guidance  
• For grains that are to be treated on arrival, the importer should , prior to import,  ensure that the 
transitional facility can treat t he consignment.  
2.26.3  Importation of grain/seeds for processing in New Zealand (Option 3)  
(1) Zea mays grain grain must be unloaded and transported from the port of first arrival to a transitional 
facility in accordance with a grain import system that ensures the grain is securely transported.  
(2) Zea mays grain must be processed to render it non -viable in a transitional facility approved in 
accordance with  the Standard for Transitional Facilit ies for General Uncleared Risk Goods . 
(3) The transitional facility must be approved by MPI for holding and/or processing grain . 
Documentation  
(4) A sampling certificate and a seed analysis certificate are required ; otherwise , the grain  must be 
analysed upon arrival in New Zealand , as per Part 1.6.  
(5) A phytosanitary certificate is requi red. 
a) the following additional declarations must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  65 of 79 
i) “The Zea mays grain has been:  
1) inspected in accordance with appropriate official procedures and found to be free of 
any live, visually detectable regulated insect s and mites;  
or 
2) fumigated with an appropriate pesticide and subsequently found to be free of any live visually detectable regulated insects and mites .” 
and 
ii) “The Zea mays grain has been:  
1) sourced from a “pest free area” free from Peronosclerospora maydis, Peronosclerospora philippinensis, Peronosclerospora sacchari, Peronosclerospora sorghi, Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae and Stenocarpella macrospora;  
or  
2) sourced from a “pest free place of production” free from Peronosclerospora maydis, Peronosclerospora philippinensis, Peronosclerospora sacchari, Peronosclerospora 
sorghi, Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae and Stenocarpella macrospora;  
or 
3) representatively sampled with a sample size of fiv e times (5×)  ISTA and in 
accordance with  ISTA or AOSA guidelines/methodologies. The samples were tested  
at a NPPO -approved diagnostic laboratory and the test result was  negative for 
Peronosclerospora maydis, Peronosclerospora philippinensis, Peronosclerosp ora 
sacchari, Peronosclerospora sorghi, Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae and  
Stenocarpella macrospora .”  
If this declaration can not be included in the phytosanitary certificate, MPI will accept 
a separate lab test result endorsed by the NPPO of the export ing country.   
or 
4) (only for Peronosclerospora maydis, Peronosclerospora philippinensis, 
Peronosclerospora sacchari, Peronosclerospora sor ghi) commercially dried to 14% 
moisture content or less to kill fungal  spores of Peronosclerospora maydis, 
Peronosclerospora philippinensis, Peronosclerospora sacchari, Peronosclerospora 
sorghi .” 
 
Guidance  
• Importers may also apply to MPI to have consignments that have been representatively sampled by the exporting country’s NPPO, tested at an MPI -approved diagnostic laboratory for the 
presence of Peronosclerospora maydis, Peronosclerospora philippinensis, Peronosclerospora sacchari, Peronosclerospora sorghi, Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae and  Stenocarpella 
macrospora . The sample size must be five  times (5 ×) ISTA using ISTA or AOSA guidelines/ 
methodologies.  
• Treatment details for regulated pests  can be recorded in the “Disinfestation and/or Disinfection 
Treatment” section of the phytosanitary certificate.  
• Information on the GIS is prescribed in the  MPI Operational Standard: Grain for Processing, 
Import System Requirements . Requirements for seed analysis certificate s can be found in 
Appendix B . 
2.26.4  Importation of grain/seeds for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border (Option 4)  
(1) Zea mays grain is  not eligible for importation for biosecurity clearance on arrival at the New Zealand 
border.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  66 of 79 
Appendix 1: Definitions  
Definitions have the same meaning as defined by the Act and ISPM 5: Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms  
(2012), unless set out below:  
Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA)  
An organisation comprised of member laboratories which are staffed by certified s eed analysts. Such seed 
testing facilities include official state, federal and university seed laboratories across the United States of 
America and Canada.  
Biosecurity clearance  
A clearance under section 26 of the Biosecurity Act 1993 for the entry of goo ds into New Zealand.  
Official New Zealand Pest Register (ONZPR)  
This is the site for official information about pests and disease -causing  organisms in New Zealand, authorised 
by the Ministry for Primary Industries.  
Compliance  
The state of meeting specified requirements, whether in a specification, co ntract, regulatio n or standard . 
Contaminants  
Any organic material or substance that (because of its nature, origin or other relevant factor) may contain regulated pests, new organisms, or unwanted organisms  (or parts thereof).  
Grain import system (GIS)  
A grain import system is a quality management system developed by the importer. T he GIS must provide an 
integrated management system of activities associated with importation of grain  for processing to protect the 
biosecurity of New Zealand. The GIS must cover all activities associated with grain discharge at the border, 
and authorised movement of grain  by approved conveyances to transitional facility. The GIS must also cover 
all aspects of required certification and notifications  to M PI prior to arrival of grain  at the border.  
Import health standard (IHS)  
A standard issued under s24 of the Biosecurity Act (1993) by the Director -General on the recommendation of 
a Chief Technical Officer, specifying the requirements to be met for th e effective management of risks 
associated with the importation of risk goods . 
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA)  
An international, non -profit organisation , the primary purpose of which is to develop, adopt and publish 
standard procedures for sampling and testing seeds, and to promote uniform import of these procedures for 
evaluation of seeds moving in international trade. An ISTA member laboratory approved by ISTA according to 
ISTA Approval Standards and authorised to issue ISTA  certificates.  
Organism  
Definition as per the Biosecurity Act (1993).   
Re-shipped  
An authorised movement given by an Inspector under s25 of the Biosecurity Act (1993) that risk goods are to be returned overseas from New Zealand.  
Risk good  
Definition as p er the Biosecurity Act (1993).   
Sample  
Representative of a commodity collected based on a sampling plan, intended to show what the whole is like,  
in order to ascertain pest levels or f or other testing.  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  67 of 79 
Transitional facility  
Definition as per the Biosecurity Act (1993).  
 
 Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  68 of 79 
Appendix 2: Treatment options  
(1) One of the following treatment options from the MPI list of Approved Biosecurity Treatments  must be 
applied to render grain  and seed s non -viable : 
a) heat treatment:  
i) Core temperature raised from ambient to 85 °C at 40% minimum humidity for a minimum of 
15 hours (continuous);  
ii) Core temperature raised from ambient to 100°C for a minimum of 30 mins;  
iii) Core temperature raised from ambient to 121°C for a minimum of 15 mins ; or  
b) irradiation treatment (animal or bird feed only): product irradiated at a dose of 25 KGy.  
(2) Consignments that have undergone irradiation trea tment must NOT be used for human consumption 
(animal and bird feed  only).   
 Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  69 of 79 
Appendix 3: Amendment Record  
Amendments to this IHS will be given a consecutive number and dated.  
 
No Details  Date  
0 All amendments from the first issuance date (01 January 2004 as PIT -
GFP-PHR) until January 2019  are as follows :  
1. Re -issue and re -naming of PIT -GFP-PHR as BNZ -GCFP -PHR.  
Changes to Section 2: Import Specification. Addition of the  
option to treat grain and seeds by irradiation for bird feed or  
stock feed to all schedules. Replacement of import health  
standard schedules for Helianthus  (sunflower), Panicum  
(millet/panic grass), Phaseolus  (green/other beans), Pisum  (pea)  
and Vicia  (broad/faba bean).  16 May 2005  
2. Inc lusion of a new import schedule for Cannabis sativa  (low THC hemp 
variety) seeds. Clarification of the requirements for ISTA accreditation for 
seed sampling and fungal testing. Addition of an option to have different 
temperature/time regimes to the standar d treatment of 85° C for 15 hours. 
Clarification of the requirements for audit testing for seed viability after 
heat or irradiation treatments.  17 October 2005  
3. Addition of an option to import Puy lentils, produced in France  
under AOC/AOP control and c ertification, under the BNZ -NPPHUMAN 
standard.  09 December 2005  
4. Removal of non -regulated pest lists. Update of regulated pest  
lists for Phaseolus , Pisum , Hordeum , Triticum , Vicia , 
clarification of option 3, transfer requirement for ISTA  
certification to the PIT -GFP-ISR standard, inclusion of section  
for equivalency determination.  04 May 2006  
5. Administrative changes to clarify Option 3 for Vicia  and Vigna  
seeds for processing.  02 August 2006  
6. Introduction of GM protocol for Medicag o sativa  seeds  30 November 2006  
7. Update of regulated pest lists for Secale and Triticum  to remove  
Curvularia  inaequalis  02 July 2008  
8. Update of weblinks, contact details and definitions in Section 1.  
New schedule for Papaver somniferum  has been included.  
Triticum  schedule (Option 2) has been updated to include the  
option for testing for regulated fungi in the exporting country.  08 June 2009  
9. Addition of Section 2.1.3 ‘Trade samples’. Removal of  
Echinacea angustifolia  from Section 1.5.2. Addition of MAF recommended 
offshore heat treatment specifications in Option 1  
of all schedules. Addition to all schedules to clarify the  
inspection requirement for regulated pests. Removal of Appendix  
1 from all schedules, which is re placed by Section 1.5.2  
‘Schedule of regulated weed seeds’. Sorghum  schedule (Option  
2) has also been updated to include the option for testing for  
regulated fungi in the exporting country.  31 May 2010  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  70 of 79 
No Details  Date  
10. Addition of Section 2.1.2 ‘Tolerance Level for C ontaminant  
Grains/Seeds’. Removal of Wheat Streak mosaic virus and  
Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens . 23 June 2011  
1 Cannabis sativa  schedule updated.  25 January  2019  
2 IHS r eformatted to standardised MPI Requirements and Guidelines 
format.    
Pest list updated to remove non -regulated pests.  
Contact details and definitions updated.  
Schedule for Papaver somniferum  (poppy seeds) removed.  
Requirement for laboratory testing again st regulated pests of concern 
updated throughout the IHS.  
Requirement for GM  seed  test updated for Medicago sativa  schedule.  
Country limitation removed for seeds imported for processing in NZ.  11 November  2019  
3 Reference to specific sections of the ISTA rules for p reparation and 
dispatch of submitted samples removed.  17 August 2020  
4 Broken links and spelling errors  were fixed.  
References to the MPI Biosecurity Organisms Register for Imported 
Commodities (BORIC) database replaced with Official New Zealand Pest 
Register (ONZPR).  21 January  2021  
5 Remove  the import requirements for trade samples – now under  Research 
Samples (excluding animal samples) IHS 21 June 2021  
6 Remove all requirement s for import permits under Option 3 , for all relevant 
commodities . Minor editiorial updates.  12 November  2021  
7 Remove the import requirements for the below organisms:  
• Artichoke yellow ringspot virus (AYRSV) on Phaseolus  spp.  
• Clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) on Pisum  spp. and Vicia  spp.  
• Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) on Pisum  spp. and Vicia  spp. 
• Peanut stunt virus (PSV) on Phaseolus  spp. and Vicia  spp.  
• Red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV) on Vicia  spp. 
• Sunflower ringspot virus (SRV) on Helianthus  spp.  12 November 2021  
8 Appendix 3: Amendment record updated to include all changes to the IHS 
prior to 2019.  04 February 2022  
9 Add clause 1.4(7) to include measures to manage foot and mouth disease 
(FMD) on  grain pathway.  29 July 2022  
10 Remov e the following pests from the  Panicum  spp. pest list , along with the 
specific import requirements for those pests in  the Panicum  spp. schedule : 
Alternaria saparva, Aspergillus tamarii, Balansia andropogonis, B. henningsiana, B. pallida, B. sclerotica, B. strangulans, Bipolaris panici -
miliacei, B. urochloae, Claviceps africana, C. fusiformis, C. maximensis, C. sorghi, Cochliobolus setariae, Gloeoce rcospora sorghi, Melanomma 
panici -miliacei, Peronosclerospora graminicola, P. sorghi, Sorosporium 
afrum, S. cryptum, S. formosanum, S. harrismithense, S. manchuricum, S. 
panici, Sphacelotheca digitariae, S. veracruziana, Sporisorium cenchri, S. 
sorghi, Til letia ayresii, T. barclayana, T. biharica, T. courtetiana, T. 
maclagani, T. narayanaraoana, T. tumefaciens, T. verrucosa, and Ustilago heterogena  
Add new schedule for Brassica  napus    
Add new schedule for Pennisetum glaucum and P. clandestinum .  21 December 2022  
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Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  71 of 79 
No Details  Date  
11 Remove the following pests from the pest list  of Phaseolus spp. and 
Pisum  spp., along with the specific import requirements for those pests in 
the relevant schedule:  
Phaseolus spp.  schedule  
• Broad bean mottle virus  
• Cowpea severe mosaic virus  
• Pea early -browning virus  
• Peanut mottle virus  
Pisum  spp. schedule  
• Peanut mottle virus  
• Peanut stunt virus    2 February  2023  
12 Appendix 2: Treatment options updated to include all heat treatment 
options for seed devitalisation from MPI Approved Treatment Standard  17 February 2023  
13 Remove the fungus Anthracocystis destruens  from the Panicum  pest lists  
Fix typo s in Part 2.7.3 , and Appendix 2.  3 May  2023  
14 Remove duplicate information about GIS requirement in Part 1.4 and 
clarify sampling certificate  requirement in Part 1.5 . 28 June  2023  Import Health Standard: Grain and Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing  
   28 June 2023  
Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  72 of 79 
Appendix 4: Pest List  
Avena spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Alphitophagus bifasciatus  
Blaps mucronata  
Blatta orientalis  
Carpophilus obsoletus  
Cathartus quadricollis  
Caulophilus oryzae  
Corcyra cephalonica  
Cryptophagus schmidti  
Elasmolomus sordidus  
Ephestia figulilella  
Gibbium psylloides  
Gnatocerus maxillosus  
Latheticus oryzae  
Lophocateres pusillus  
Mycetophagus quadriguttatus  
Nemapogon variatella  
Niptus hololeucus  
Palorus ratzeburgi  
Palorus subdepressus  
Paralipsa gularis  
Prostephanus truncatu s 
Pseudoeurostus hilleri  
Ptinus villiger  
Pyroderces rileyi  
Tipnus unicolor  
Tribolium audax  
Tribolium destructor  
Trigonogenius globulus  
Trogoderma granarium  
Trogoderma inclusum  
Trogoderma ornatum  
Trogoderma simplex  
Trogoderma sternale  
Trogoderma variabile  Mite 
Aceria tosichella  
Aceria tulipae [vector]  
Siteroptes cerealium  
Steneotarsonemus spirifex  
Nematode  
Anguina tritici  [vector]  
Fungus  
Cephalosporium gramineum  
Bacterium  
Xanthomonas campestris pv. Undulosa  
Virus  
High plains virus  
Brassica napus REGULATED PESTS  
Fungus  
Alternaria ethzedia  
 Virus  
Turnip yellow mosaic virus  
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Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  73 of 79 
Cannabis  sativa  REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Episyrphus balteatus  
Ischiodon scutellaris  
Metasyrphus latifasciatus  
Pyrrhocoris apterus  
Sphaerophoria scripta  
Syritta pipiens  
Mite 
Aculops cannabicola  Fungus  
Curvularia cymbopogonis  
Leptosphaeria woroninii  
Septoria cannabis  
 
Carthamus tinctorius  REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Trogoderma spp.  Fungus  
Alternaria carthami  
Cercospora carthami  
Cicer  arietinum REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Megaselia arietina  
Trogoderma  spp. Fungus  
Ascochyta rabiei  
Glycine max REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Trogoderma  spp. Fungus  
Peronospora manshurica  
Gossypium spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Trogoderma  spp.  
Guizotia abyssinica REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Trogoderma  spp.  
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Helianthus  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Alphitophagus bifasciatus  
Araecerus fasciculatus  
Cochylis hospes  
Conogethes punctiferalis  
Dichroplus elongatus  
Haplorhynchites aeneus  
Helicoverpa punctigera  
Helicoverpa zea  
Heliothis virescens  
Homoeosoma electellum  
Neolasioptera helianthi  
Smicronyx fulvus  
Smicronyx sordidus  
Trogoderma granarium  
Trogoderma variabi le 
Zonocerus variegatus  
 Fungus  
Aspergillus parasiticus  
Diaporthe helianthi ( anamorph  Phomopsis 
helianthi)  
Leptosphaeria lindquistii  
Septoria helianthi  
Bacterium  
Pseudomonas syringae pv . aptata  
Pseudomonas syringae pv . tagetis  
Virus  
Sunflower mosaic virus 
 
Hordeum  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Blatta orientalis  
Caulophilus oryzae  
Embaphion muricatum  
Haplotinea insectella  
Latheticus oryzae  
Palorus ratzeburgi  
Palorus subdepressus  
Pharaxonotha kirschii  
Tinea fictrix  
Tribolium audax  
Tribolium destructor  
Trogoderma granarium  
Trogoderma grassmani  
Trogoderma inclusum  
Trogoderma irroratum  
Trogoderma ornatum  
Trogoderma simplex  
Trogoderma sternale  
Trogoderma variabile  Mite 
Acarophenax tribolii [Animals Biosecurity]  
Aceria tosichella  
Aceria tulipae [vector]  
Pyemotes herfsi  
Fungus  
Cephalosporium gramineum  
Fusarium longipes   
Tilletia controversa  
Bacterium  
Pseudomonas syringae pv . Striafaciens  
Rathayibacter tritici  
Xanthomonas campestris pv. undulosa  
Virus  
High plains virus  
Lens  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Trogoderma  spp.  
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Lupinus  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Trogoderma  spp.  
Medicago  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Bacterium  
Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfalfa  Virus  
Pea early browning tobravirus  
Peanut stunt cucumovirus  
Panicum  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Palorus ratzeburgi  
Trogoderma inclusum  
Trogoderma ornatum  
Nematode  
Aphelenchoides besseyi  
 Fungus  
Balansia claviceps  
Balansia epichloe  
Balansia oryzae -sativae  
Cochliobolus pallescens ( anamorph  
Curvularia pallescens)  
Peronosclerospora graminicola  
Peronosclerospora sorghi  
Sorosporium afrum  
Sorosporium cryptum  
Sorosporium formosanum  
Ustilago crameri  
 
Phalaris canariensis REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Trogoderma  spp.  
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Phaseolus spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Acanthoscelides argillaceus  
Acanthoscelides obvelatus  
Bruchidius atrolineatus  
Bruchidius incarnatus  
Bruchus pisorum  
Callosobruchus analis  
Callosobruchus maculatus  
Callosobruchus phaseoli  
Cydia fabivora  
Etiella grisea  
Etiella grisea drososcia  
Etiella zinckenella  
Matsumuraeses phaseoli  
Prostephanus truncatu s 
Zabrotes subfasciatus  
 Fungus  
Cochliobolus miyabeanus ( anamorph  
Bipolaris oryzae)  
Elsinoe phaseoli  
Phoma exigua var. diversispora   
Bacterium  
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. 
flaccumfaciens  
Virus  
Bean common mosaic virus [blackeye 
cowpea mosaic strain ] 
Southern bean mosaic virus  
Tomato black ring virus  
Pisum  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Acanthoscelides zeteki  
Bruchidius atrolineatus  
Bruchidius incarnatus  
Bruchidius quinqueguttatus  
Bruchus affinis  
Bruchus emarginatus  
Bruchus ervi  
Bruchus lentis  
Bruchus pisorum  
Bruchus rufimanus  
Bruchus tristis  
Callosobruchus analis  
Callosobruchus chinensis  
Callosobruchus maculatus  
Cydia ni gricana  
Etiella zinckenella  
Euchrysops cnejus  
Spodoptera praefica  
Trogoderma granarium  Fungus  
Cladosporium cladosporioides f. sp. pisicola  
Virus  
Broad bean mottle virus  
Broad bean stain virus  
Pea early -browning virus  
 
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Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  77 of 79 
Secale cereale REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Embaphion muricatum  
Trogoderma granarium  
Trogoderma variabile  
Fungus  
Septoria secalis  
Tilletia controversa  
Urocystis occulta  Bacterium  
Xanthomonas campestris pv. Undulosa  
Xanthomonas translucens pv . Cerealis  
Xanthomonas translucens pv . secalis  
Virus  
Tobacco rattle virus  [strains not in New 
Zealand]  
Setaria italica REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Trogoderma spp. Fungus  
Sclerospora graminicola  
Sorghum bicolor  REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Contarinia sorghicola  
Corcyra cephalonica  
Dinoderus distinctus  
Fusarium chlamydosporum   
Latheticus oryzae  
Palorus subdepressus  
Pharaxonotha kirschii  
Prostephanus truncatu s 
Solenopis i nvicta  
Trogoderma glabrum  
Trogoderma granarium  
Trogoderma grassmani  
Trogoderma simplex  
Trogode rma sternale  
Trogoderma variabile  
 Fungus  
Aspergillus spp. 
Claviceps africana  
Claviceps sorghi ( anamorph  Sphacelia 
sorghi)  
Claviceps sorghicola  
Cochliobolus tuberculatus ( anamorph  
Curvularia tuberculata)  
Curvularia penniseti  
Drechslera longirostrata  
Drechslera sorghicola  
Gloeocerospora sorghi  
Peronosclerospora graminicola  
Peronosclerospora philippinensis  
Peronosclerospora sorghi  
Phoma sorghina  
Sporisorium cruentum  
Sporisorium sorghi  
Tolyposporium ehrenbergii  
Virus  
Peanut clump furovirus  
Sugarcane mosaic potyvirus  [strain]  
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Triticosecale and Triticum  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Blatta orientalis  
Callosobruchus chinensis  
Caulophilus oryzae  
Cephitinea colonella  
Contarinia pisi  
Corcyra cephalonica  
Cynaeus angustus  
Dinoderus distinctus  
Faronta albilinea  
Haplotinea insectella  
Latheticus oryzae  
Palorus ratzeburgi  
Palorus subdepressus  
Paralipsa gularis  
Pharaxonotha kirschii  
Prostephanus truncatu s 
Tribolium audax  
Tribolium freema ni 
Troctes minutus  
Trogoderma glabrum  
Trogoderma gra narium  
Trogoderma grassmani  
Trogoderma inclusum  
Trogoderma ornatum  
Trogoderma simplex  
Trogoderma sternale  
Trogoderma variabile  
Ulomoides dermestoides  Mite 
Aceria tosichella  
Aceria tulipae [vector]  
Caloglyphus krameri  
Michaelopus macfarlanei  
Paratriophtydeus coineaurius  
Tarsonemus granarius  
Tuckerella ablutus  
Nematode  
Anguina tritici [vector]  
Fungus  
Alternaria triticina  
Cephalosporium gramineum  
Curvularia verruculosa  
Tilletia controversa  
Tilletia indica  
Bacterium  
Rathayibacter tritici  
Xanthomo nas campestris pv. undulosa  
Virus  
High plains virus  
Indian peanut clump virus  
Vicia  spp. REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Bruchidius incarnatus  
Bruchidius quinqueguttatus  
Bruchus atomarius  
Bruchus dentipes  
Bruchus pisorum  
Bruchus rufimanus  
Callosobruchus chinensis  
Callosobruchus maculatus  
Callosobruchus phaseoli  
Contarinia pisi  
Tribolium destructor  
Trogoderma granarium  
Virachola livia  Virus  
Artichoke yellow ringspot virus  
Broad bean mottle virus  
Broad bean stain virus  
Broad bean true mosaic virus  
Pea early -browning virus  
 
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Ministry for Primary Industries   Page  79 of 79 
Vigna  spp. REGULATED PESTS (actionable)  
Insect  
Earis vitelli  
Maruca testulalis  
Trogoderma spp. Bacterium  
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv . 
flaccumfaciens  
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vignicola  
Zea mays  REGULATED PESTS  
Insect  
Attagenus unicolor  
Carpophilus freeman  
Carpophilus lugubris  
Cathartus quadricollis  
Caulophilus oryzae  
Corcyra cephalonica  
Cryptophlebia leucotreta  
Cynaeus angustus  
Dinoderus distinctus  
Dinoderus minutus  
Doloessa viridis  
Euxesta st igmatias  
Gibbium psylloides  
Glischrochilus quadrisignatus  
Gnatocerus maxillosus  
Latheticus oryzae  
Lepinotus reticulatus   
Leptoglossus zonatus  
Liposcelis entomophilus  
Mussidia nigrivenella  
Pagiocerus frontalis  
Palorus ratzeburgi  
Palorus subdepressus  
Paralipsa gularis  
Pharaxonotha kirschii  
Prostephanus truncatu s 
Pyroderces rileyi  
Sesamia calamistis  
Sesamia nonagrioides  
Teretriosoma nigrescens  
Tribolium freemani  
Trogoderma glabrum  
Trogoderma granarium  
Trogoderma inclusum  
Trogoderma variabil e Mite 
Acaropsellina sollers  
Fungus  
Botryosphaeria zeae ( anamorph  
Macrophoma zeae)  
Cephalosporium maydis  
Claviceps gigantea  
Cochliobolus pallescens ( anamorph  
Curvularia pallescens)  
Cochliobolus tuberculatus ( anamorph  
Curvularia tuberculata)  
Peronosclerospora heteropogoni  
Peronosclerospora maydis  
Peronosclerospora philippinensis  
Peronosclerospora sacchari  
Peronosclerospora sorghi  
Rhizopus maydis  
Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae  
Stenocarpella macrospora  
Ustilago maydis  
Bacterium  
Acidovorax avenae subsp . Avenae  
Clavibacter nebraskensis  
Pantoea stewartii  
Virus  
High plains virus  
Maize dwarf mosaic virus