73551 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
If you file your comment on paper, 
write ‘‘Regulatory Review for 
Alternative Fuels Rule, Matter No. R311002’’ on your comment and on the envelope, and mail it to the following address: Federal Trade Commission, Office of the Secretary, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Mail Stop H–144 (Annex F), Washington, DC 20580. 
Because your comment will be placed 
on the publicly accessible website at www.regulations.gov, you are solely 
responsible for making sure that your comment does not include any sensitive or confidential information. In particular, your comment should not include any sensitive personal information, such as your or anyone else’s Social Security number; date of birth; driver’s license number or other state identification number, or foreign country equivalent; passport number; financial account number; or credit or debit card number. You are also solely responsible for making sure that your comment does not include any sensitive health information, such as medical records or other individually identifiable health information. In addition, your comment should not include any ‘‘trade secret or any commercial or financial information which . . . is privileged or confidential’’—as provided by Section 6(f) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. 46(f), and FTC Rule 4.10(a)(2), 16 CFR 4.10(a)(2)— including, in particular, competitively sensitive information such as costs, sales statistics, inventories, formulas, patterns, devices, manufacturing processes, or customer names. 
Comments containing material for 
which confidential treatment is requested must be filed in paper form, clearly labeled ‘‘Confidential,’’ and comply with FTC Rule 4.9(c), 16 CFR 4.9(c). In particular, the written request for confidential treatment that accompanies the comment must include the factual and legal basis for the request, and identify the specific portions of the comment to be withheld from the public record. See id. Your comment will be kept confidential only if the General Counsel grants your request in accordance with the law and public interest. Once your comment has been posted publicly at 
www.regulations.gov, we cannot redact 
or remove your comment unless you submit a confidentiality request that meets the requirements for such treatment under FTC Rule 4.9(c), and the General Counsel grants that request. 
The FTC Act and other laws that the 
Commission administers permit the collection of public comments to consider and use in this proceeding, as appropriate. The Commission will consider all timely and responsive public comments that it receives on or before December 26, 2023. For information on the Commission’s privacy policy, including routine uses permitted by the Privacy Act, see https://www.ftc.gov/site-information/ privacy-policy. 
By direction of the Commission. 
Joel Christie, 
Acting Secretary. 
[FR Doc. 2023–23621 Filed 10–25–23; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 6750–01–P 
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY 
COMMISSION 
16 CFR Parts 1112, 1130, and 1240 
[CPSC Docket No. 0046] 
Safety Standard for Infant and Infant/ 
Toddler Rockers 
AGENCY : Consumer Product Safety 
Commission. 
ACTION : Notice of proposed rulemaking. 
SUMMARY : The Danny Keysar Child 
Product Safety Notification Act, section 104 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA), requires the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (Commission or CPSC) to promulgate consumer product safety standards for durable infant or toddler products. These standards are to be substantially the same as applicable voluntary standards, or more stringent than the voluntary standards if the Commission concludes that more stringent requirements would further reduce the risk of injury associated with the product. The Commission is proposing a safety standard for Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers (rockers). The Commission is also proposing to amend CPSC’s consumer registration requirements to add rockers as identified durable infant or toddler products and to amend CPSC’s list of notice of requirements (NORs) to include rockers. 
DATES : Submit comments by December 
26, 2023. 
ADDRESSES : Comments related to the 
Paperwork Reduction Act aspects of the marking, labeling, and instructional literature requirements of the proposed rule should be directed to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Management and Budget, Attn: CPSC Desk Officer, FAX: 202–395–6974, or emailed to oira_ submission@
omb.eop.gov. Other comments, identified by Docket 
No. CPSC–0046, may be submitted electronically or in writing: 
Electronic Submissions: Submit 
electronic comments to the Federal eRulemaking Portal at: https://www.regulations.gov/. Follow the instructions for submitting comments. CPSC typically does not accept comments submitted by electronic mail (email), except through https://www.regulations.gov/. CPSC encourages you to submit electronic comments by using the Federal eRulemaking Portal, as described above. 
Mail/Hand Delivery/Courier/ 
Confidential Written Submissions: Submit comments by mail, hand delivery, or courier to: Office of the Secretary, Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone: (301) 504–7479. If you wish to submit confidential business information, trade secret information, or other sensitive or protected information that you do not want to be available to the public, you may submit such comments by mail, hand delivery, or courier, or you may email them to: cpsc-os@cpsc.gov. 
Instructions: All submissions must 
include the agency name and docket number. CPSC may post all comments without change, including any personal identifiers, contact information, or other personal information provided, to https://www.regulations.gov/ . Do not 
submit through this website: Confidential business information, trade secret information, or other sensitive or protected information that you do not want to be available to the public. If you wish to submit such information, please submit it according to the instructions for mail/hand delivery/courier/ confidential written submissions. 
Docket: For access to the docket to 
read background documents or comments received, go to: https://www.regulations.gov/, and insert the 
docket number, CPSC–0046, into the ‘‘Search’’ box, and follow the prompts. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : 
Zachary S. Foster, Project Manager, Division of Human Factors, Directorate for Engineering Sciences, Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850; Telephone 301–987–2034; email: zfoster@cpsc.gov. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : 
I. Background 
Section 104(b) of the CPSIA, 15 U.S.C. 
2056a(b), requires the Commission to: (1) examine and assess the effectiveness of voluntary consumer product safety standards for durable infant or toddler products in consultation with 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173552 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
1Referred to together as ‘‘rockers.’’ Reference to 
‘‘Infant Rockers’’ alone refers to products intended 
for use by infants up to approximately six months of age. Reference to ‘‘Infant/Toddler Rockers’’ alone refers to products intended for use by children up to approximately 2.5 years of age. See section II of the preamble for the full definitions of Infant Rockers and Infant/Toddler Rockers. 2In a Commission meeting on October 11, 2023, 
the Commission voted (4–0) to publish this proposed rule as amended by the Commission. Meeting minutes describing the vote and the amendments are available at: https://www.cpsc.gov/ s3fs-public/Comm-Mtg-Min-Infant-Rockers-NPR- and-Gas-Furnaces-and-Boilers- NPR.pdf?VersionId=8Ct.NBI7RhSXyozTJBE65q3lCSyU_ aMl. 3See Tab F of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package for 
additional information on the scope of ASTM F3084–22, and Tab G of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package for the proposed changes to the definition and stability test. 
4See Briefing Memo and Tab G of Staff’s NPR 
Briefing Package for the proposed addition. representatives of consumer groups, 
juvenile product manufacturers, and independent child product engineers and experts; and (2) promulgate consumer product safety standards for durable infant or toddler products. Standards issued under section 104 are to be ‘‘substantially the same as’’ the applicable voluntary standards or more stringent than the voluntary standards if the Commission determines that more stringent requirements would further 
reduce the risk of injury associated with the product. 15 U.S.C. 2056a(b)(1)(B). 
Currently, no mandatory safety 
standard exists for infant rockers or infant/toddler rockers. There is a voluntary standard, however. In July 2014, ASTM International’s (ASTM) Committee F15 on Consumer Products first published a voluntary standard for rockers—ASTM F3084–14, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers (ASTM F3084), to minimize the risk of injury or death associated with children’s use of rockers. The standard addressed hazards associated with product disassembly and collapse, stability, and falls from an elevated surface. Hazard mitigation strategies included performance requirements, warnings, and instructional literature. The ASTM standard has been revised four times since 2014, in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022. The most current version of the ASTM standard is ASTM F3084–22, published in May 2022. 
Consistent with the consultation 
requirement in section 104(b)(1) of the CPSIA, CPSC staff has worked with the ASTM F15.18 subcommittee task group since 2013 to update the voluntary standard for rockers.
1This consultation, 
including staff’s assessment of hazard patterns and suggested additional performance and labeling requirements, continued through publication and revision of ASTM F3084–22. 
Section 104(d) of the CPSIA requires 
manufacturers of durable infant or toddler products to establish a product registration program and comply with CPSC’s requirements under 16 CFR part 1130. Any product defined as a ‘‘durable infant or toddler product’’ in part 1130 must comply with the product registration requirements, as well as testing and certification requirements for children’s products, as codified in 16 CFR parts 1107 and 1109. Section 104(f)(1) of the CPSIA defines a 
‘‘durable infant or toddler product’’ as a ‘‘durable product intended for use, or that may be reasonably expected to be used, by children under the age of 5 years.’’ 15 U.S.C. 2056a(f)(1). Section 104(f)(2) of the CPSIA includes a list of categories of products that are durable infant or toddler products, including products similar to rockers, such as various infant chairs (highchairs, booster chairs, and hook-on chairs) and swings. 15 U.S.C. 2056a(f)(2). 
Rockers are not included in the 
statutory list of durable infant or toddler products. As set forth in section V of the preamble, the statutory product list is not exhaustive. The Commission now proposes to amend part 1130 to include ‘‘Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers’’ as durable infant or toddler products because they are intended for use, and may be reasonably expected to be used, by children under the age of 5 years; are analogous to other statutory and Commission-defined durable infant products, such as infant bouncers; and are commonly available for resale or ‘‘handed down’’ for use by other children.
2 
II. The Product Category 
A. Products Within the Scope 
The scope of this notice of proposed 
rulemaking (NPR) includes all infant 
rockers and all infant/toddler rockers within the scope of ASTM F3084–22, including multi-mode products with a rocker mode, with the addition of weight limits for each product and terminology to define ‘‘rocking’’ 
pursuant to the Commission’s proposed modification to the standard definitions addressed below. The ASTM standard F3084–22 defines an infant rocker as a ‘‘freestanding product intended to support an occupant who has not developed the ability to sit up unassisted (approximately 0 to 6 months of age) in a seated, reclined position greater than 10° and to facilitate rocking 
by the occupant with the aid of the caregiver or by other means.’’ The ASTM standard defines an infant/ toddler rocker as ‘‘a freestanding product intended to support an occupant in a seated, reclined position greater than 10° and to facilitate rocking 
by the occupant with the aid of the caregiver or by other means until the occupant is approximately 2
1⁄2years.’’ 
The Commission proposes to modify the ASTM definitions of infant rockers and infant/toddler rockers by specifying a weight limit for each product so as to reflect the manufacturers’ maximum recommended weight listed in the product warning, and thereby clarifying which forward stability test is required for each product.
3The Commission also 
proposes to add terminology to define ‘‘rocking’’ as forward and backward motion via a nonstationary base. This clarification is intended to differentiate rockers from other infant and toddler seated products and prevent improper product classification. The Commission invites comments on the proposed definition of ‘‘rocking.’’
4 
Products within scope of the NPR 
include: 
•Infant rockers, marketed for infants 
up to approximately six months old, 
•Infant/toddler rockers, marketed for 
children up to approximately 2.5 years old, 
•Combination rocker/bouncers 
(bouncers with curved rocker legs), 
•Combination swings/rockers 
(rockers that attach to a stationary swing base), and 
•Other combination products, such 
as rocker/bouncer/stationary chair products. 
Most rockers have a metal or plastic 
frame with a padded fabric seat. A few products, primarily from foreign direct shippers and hand crafters, have a wooden frame. Some products have a motorized rocking function, a vibration function, or sound functions, which are powered by batteries or an electrical cord with a plug. All rockers support a child in an inclined position (greater than 10 degrees from vertical) with certain infant/toddler rockers having adjustable seat backs to facilitate upright sitting as the child grows. Many products also feature an accessory bar with attached toys that are, or once the child has grown larger will be, within the child’s reach. Certain products also have secondary use modes. For example, some products have a kickstand that can be deployed to keep the product stationary, while other products can be converted into a bouncer or swing. Many rockers have three-point crotch restraints consisting of a wide cloth crotch and short adjustable waist straps with plastic 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173553 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
5See Tab D of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package for 
additional information. 
6CPSRMS is the epidemiological database that 
houses all anecdotal reports of incidents received 
by CPSC, ‘‘external cause’’-based death certificates purchased by CPSC, all in-depth investigations of these anecdotal reports, as well as investigations of select NEISS injuries. Examples of documents in CPSRMS are: hotline reports, internet reports, news reports, medical examiner’s reports, death certificates, retailer/manufacturer reports, and documents sent by state/local authorities, among others. 
7NEISS is a statistically valid surveillance system 
for collecting injury data. NEISS is based on a nationally representative probability sample of hospitals in the U.S. and its territories. Each participating NEISS hospital reports patient information for every emergency department visit 
associated with a consumer product or a poisoning to a child younger than five years of age. The total number of product-related hospital emergency department visits nationwide can be estimated from the sample of cases reported in the NEISS. https:// 
www.cpsc.gov/Research—Statistics/NEISS-Injury- 
Data. buckles. Some infant/toddler rockers 
also utilize a shoulder restraint. 
Some items marketed as ‘‘rockers’’ are 
subject to the swing mandatory standard, 16 CFR part 1223, rather than the rocker standard, based on how the product moves in relation to a base or stand. Rockers are reclined seated products that move in their entirety, most commonly on curved legs, so as to rock an occupant forward and backward, while swings have a stationary base. Multi-mode items, such as rockers with curved legs that attach to a swing base, are subject to both the swing mandatory standard and the rocker voluntary standard. Some conventional bouncer seats are advertised as ‘‘rockers’’ because they rock up and down, but those products would not meet the definition of a ‘‘rocker’’ in either the ASTM standard or the NPR if the base is stationary. Bouncer seats must meet the bouncer seat mandatory standard in 16 CFR part 1229, while multi-mode items that are both rockers and bouncers are subject to both standards. 
Rocking horse toys and similar items 
are out of scope for this rule because they do not meet the definition of a ‘‘rocker’’ in the ASTM standard or the NPR; such toys do not support the occupant in a seated, reclined position. Similarly, traditional children’s rocking chairs with a straight, non-reclining back are not within the scope of the 
rule. 
B. Market Description 
CPSC staff estimates that rocker sales 
reach 567,500 units per year, although 
this estimate is uncertain due to the industry practice of grouping rockers and combination products with non- rocker products into a single survey category. In January 2023, staff found that 25 percent of the bestselling products within the ‘‘infant bouncers and rockers’’ category of a major internet retailer website were rockers or combination rocker/bouncer products within scope of this proposed rule. See Tab F of Staff Briefing Package: Draft Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers (Sept. 13, 2023) (Staff’s NPR Briefing Package), available at: https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs- public/Notice-of-Proposed-Rulemaking- Safety-Standard-for-Infant-Rockers-and- Infant-and-Toddler- Rockers.pdf?VersionId=Z3cL72KKD_oN_BG5LcNEAdlDIDXyTrmt. 
While new rockers are available from 
online general retail sites, brick and mortar baby specialty stores, and brick and mortar general retail stores including ‘‘big box’’ stores, used items are widely available on second-hand online sites, as well as in some thrift stores. Rockers range in price from $35 to $250 with an average price of about $110. The less expensive products tend to be smaller products without powered functions, while the more expensive rockers tend to be combination products (e.g., rocker-swings or rocker-bouncers) 
or products with additional features. Using the estimate of approximately 567,500 units sold each year with the average price of $110, CPSC estimates a $62 million market in terms of annual sales. Approximately 80 models of rockers are available for sale on the U.S. market, from roughly 50 entities. 
III. Incident Data 
Rockers are part of a broader group of 
products (which includes bouncers and swings) that provide support to infants 
who are initially unable to sit independently. Compared to other postures, sitting can provide infants an improved ability to explore objects with greater visual access to their environment, as well as increased social attention. While infants are sitting, as compared to other postures, caregivers also demonstrate a wider variety of interactions that allow infants to practice cognitive skills.
5 
However, incident data confirms that 
some caregivers use rockers for brief or extended infant or toddler sleep, despite warnings that these products should not be used for sleep. As Tab A of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package explains in greater detail, CPSC staff searched the Consumer Product Safety Risk Management System (CPSRMS)
6and 
the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)
7for 
fatalities, incidents, and concerns associated with rockers reported to have occurred between January 1, 2011 and November 7, 2022. Staff identified 1,088 incidents from CPSRMS associated with rockers. Staff found too few emergency department-treated injuries associated with rockers to derive reportable national estimates. Therefore, staff was unable to provide injury estimates based on NEISS data but included NEISS injury cases in the total count of reported incidents. 
Table 1 shows the number of 
incidents reported for each year during the period. Incident reporting is ongoing and the number of incidents— particularly for recent years—may change. 
TABLE 1—R EPORTED INFANT ROCKER INCIDENTS  
Incident year Total number 
of reported 
incidents Number of 
reported 
fatalities Number of 
reported 
nonfatal 
injuries 
2011 ............................................................................................................................................. 164 1 29 
2012 ............................................................................................................................................. 200 1 23 
2013 ............................................................................................................................................. 158 1 11 
2014 ............................................................................................................................................. 97 1 3 
2015 ............................................................................................................................................. 82 1 3 
2016 ............................................................................................................................................. 137 0 4 
2017 ............................................................................................................................................. 86 1 5 
2018 ............................................................................................................................................. 67 0 2 
2019 ............................................................................................................................................. 42 2 4 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173554 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
TABLE 1—R EPORTED INFANT ROCKER INCIDENTS —Continued 
Incident year Total number 
of reported 
incidents Number of 
reported 
fatalities Number of 
reported 
nonfatal 
injuries 
2020 ............................................................................................................................................. 42 1 3 
2021 * .......................................................................................................................... ................. 8 1 1 
2022 * .......................................................................................................................... ................. 6 1 0 
Total ...................................................................................................................................... 1,088 11 88 
Source: CPSC epidemiological databases CPSRMS and NEISS. 
Note: * Indicates data collection is ongoing. 
Table 2 provides age information for 
the victims in the 1,088 incidents. 
TABLE 2—A GEDISTRIBUTION IN INFANT ROCKER -RELATED INCIDENT REPORTS  
[01/01/11–11/07/22] 
Age Total 
Frequency Percentage 
Unreported * ............................................................................................................................................................. 316 29 
0–6 Months .............................................................................................................................................................. 418 38 
7 Months–Less Than 1 Year ...................................................................................................... ............................. 241 22 
1–Less Than 2 Years ............................................................................................................ .................................. 81 8 
2–4 Years ...................................................................................................................... .......................................... 27 2 
5 Years or Older ............................................................................................................... ....................................... 5 <1 
Total .......................................................................................................................... ........................................ 1,088 100 
Source: CPSC epidemiological databases CPSRMS and NEISS. Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. 
* In this table, age ‘‘unreported’’ implies age was unknown or age was not reported because the incident involved no injury. 
Table 3 presents the age distribution 
of children under five years of age who 
suffered fatal or nonfatal injuries in the incidents from January 1, 2011 to November 7, 2022. All 11 fatalities and 70 nonfatal injuries involved victims less than one year old. Eight incidents involved victims less than four months old, including five of the 11 total 
fatalities. 
TABLE 3—A GEDISTRIBUTION IN INFANT ROCKER -RELATED INCIDENTS REPORTING FATALITIES AND NONFATAL INJURIES  
AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVEYEARS OF AGE 
[01/01/11–11/07/22] 
Age of child Total Fatalities Injuries 
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage 
Unreported * ..................................................................... 12 12 0 0 12 14 
0–6 Months ...................................................................... 33 33 10 91 23 26 
7–Less Than 1 Year ........................................................ 48 48 1 9 47 53 
1–Less Than 2 Years ...................................................... 5 5 0 0 5 6 
2–4 Years ......................................................................... 1 1 0 0 1 1 
Total .......................................................................... 99 100 11 100 88 100 
Source: CPSC epidemiological databases CPSRMS and NEISS. 
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. 
* In this table, age ‘‘unreported’’ implies age was unknown but victim is described as a child under five years of age. 
Of the 11 fatalities during the period, 
nine involved infants being placed in 
the rocker for sleeping or napping. The incident reports indicate that in two of these incidents the infants were placed on their side in the rocker, and in one incident the rocker was damaged and was being supported by a shoe box. One fatality involved an infant being placed in a rocker with the seat back in the ‘‘upright/toddler’’ position for approximately four hours. One fatality involved an infant being placed in a rocker on top of an adult bed without a caregiver present for approximately 20–30 minutes. Six of the 11 fatalities indicate that the restraints were not used. Six of the 11 fatalities indicate that pillows and/or blankets were placed in the product with the infant over the infant for warmth/comfort, under the infant for comfort/support, or both. In one of these incidents a blanket was found covering the infant’s face. 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173555 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
8See Tab E of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package for 
additional information. 
9See Tab C of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package for 
additional information. 
10The Commission is not aware of any 
international voluntary standards pertaining to 
rockers. 11See Briefing Memo of Staff’s NPR Briefing 
Package for additional detail on ASTM F3084. 
12See Tabs C and D of Staff NPR Briefing Package 
for additional details. 13Mannen, E.M., Siegel, D., Goldrod, S., Bossart, 
A., Lujan, T.J., Wilson, C., Whitaker, B., Carrol, J. (2023). Seated Products Characterization and 
Testing. Report available at https://www.cpsc.gov/ 
content/Report-Boise-State-Universitys-Seated- 
Continued Summaries of the fatalities are provided 
in Tab A of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package. 
Staff identified hazard patterns for all 
1,088 reported incidents associated with rockers. 
More than 700 of the incidents (64 
percent) involved hardware-related problems such as issues related to lock and latch hardware, hinge hardware, seat mounting hardware, or other parts breaking. 
Two hundred and seventy-five of the 
incidents (25 percent) cited rockers wobbling, collapsing, or tipping over. Tipover-related incidents comprised more than 64 percent of all reported injuries. At least 49 of the tipover- related incidents involved a rocker tipping forward. Sixty of the 275 stability-related incidents resulted in head injury. Four of the 275 stability- related incidents resulted in other upper body injuries. 
Thirty-seven of the incidents (3 
percent) cited rockers having electrical issues, mostly batteries leaking. Thirty- six of the incidents (3 percent), involving 17 injuries, cited issues related to the rocker’s design, such as toy bar positioning, slippery fabric seat pads, misaligned screws, pinch points, defective battery compartments, and seat back tubes not staying in sockets. 
From January 1, 2011 through August 
30, 2023, CPSC issued one recall of two multi-mode products in which four fatalities were reported and one issued warning regarding rockers. Incidents described in the press releases for the multi-mode product recall and the warning involved infants being placed to sleep on their backs and unrestrained in inclined rocking products but found on their stomachs.
8 
IV. Overview of ASTM F30849 
A. History of ASTM F3084 
The ASTM F15.18 Subcommittee on 
Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles, and Changing Tables first published the voluntary standard for rockers in 2014, as ASTM F3084–14, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant and Infant/ Toddler Rockers.
10The first publication 
addressed issues including seat angles, stability, structural integrity, other design issues, and marking and labeling. 
Since 2014, ASTM has revised and 
updated the voluntary standard four times to address safety issues. In 2016, ASTM modified the warning requirements for use of shoulder straps provided as part of the restraint system. In 2018, ASTM made miscellaneous changes. In 2020, ASTM added language to the marking, labeling, and instructional literature requirement that addressed battery operated products and removed references to the CPSIA. In May 2022, ASTM modified warning language to state that rockers are not intended for sleep or unsupervised use, and to instruct consumers to move sleeping infants to a firm, flat sleep surface.
11 
B. Assessment of the ASTM F3084–22 Standard 
Based on CPSC staff’s Engineering 
and Human Factors assessments, Tabs C and D of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package, respectively, CPSC concludes that several ASTM F3084–22 tests are adequate to address rocker hazards, specifically: (1) the sideward and rearward stability tests for infant and infant/toddler rockers to address product sideward and rearward tipover; (2) the structural integrity test to address hardware failures and collapse hazard; (3) the toy bar integrity test to address toy bars snapping apart; and (4) the restraint system test to ensure the heaviest intended occupant is safely secure. Therefore, the Commission proposes in the NPR to adopt the following ASTM tests:
12 
1. Sideward and Rearward Stability 
Section 6.3.2 of ASTM F3084–22 
specifies performance requirements for rockers’ sideward and rearward stability. In the test procedure, a CAMI Infant Dummy is placed in the rocker, which is then positioned in the most unfavorable sideward or rear position on a test surface inclined at 20 degrees. To pass the test, the rocker must not tip over in this position. CPSC testing indicates this test is adequate to address the risk to occupants from sideways or backwards tip-over of the rocker. 
2. Structural Integrity 
The ASTM standard includes a 
dynamic load test (see section 7.6.1), a 
static load test (see section 7.6.2), and a disassembly/collapse test (see section 6.6). Section 6.5 specifies that rockers shall not break or create a hazardous condition after these tests are applied. CPSC assess that these tests adequately test the structural strength of rockers. 3. Toy Bars 
To prevent caregivers from attempting 
to raise the rocker by the toy bar, section 6.7 of ASTM F3084–22 requires that toy bars must either be strong enough to not detach when used as a handle or must break free from the rocker when a caregiver attempts to use the toy bar as a handle. CPSC considers these requirements—which are identical to the ASTM F2167–22 toy bar attachment test requirements for infant bouncers, codified in 16 CFR part 1229—adequate to address the hazard of toy bars snapping due to use as a handle. 
4. Restraints 
Section 6.2 of ASTM F3084–22 
requires both a waist and crotch 
restraint to secure a child in a rocker. The test requires that the restraint system anchors shall not separate from the attachment points when subjected to a force of 45 lb. that is maintained for 10 seconds. The force of 45 lb. is approximately 25 percent greater than the 36 lb. weight of a 2.5-year-old male child in the 95th percentile. These requirements are identical to the restraint system test requirements for infant bouncers under 16 CFR part 1229, and adequately ensure the safety of the heaviest intended occupant. 
5. Concavity and Firmness 
While the foregoing tests in ASTM 
F3084–22 appear adequate to address 
rocker hazards, CPSC finds, subject to public comment, that several revisions to the current voluntary standard are necessary to adequately address hazards to infants and toddlers associated with rockers. 
First, no provision in ASTM F3084– 
22 addresses the risk of suffocation in rockers due to concavity or firmness issues. In 2022, CPSC contracted with Boise State University (BSU) to research and analyze the death or injury risks associated with infant seated products and to recommend possible requirements to improve safety. A research team led by Dr. Erin Mannen submitted their report (BSU Report) to CPSC in June 2023. The BSU Report recommends that infant seated products should have a firmness similar to that of a crib mattress, should not envelop the infant’s head or face, and should provide sufficient space for the infant’s head to rotate without contacting the product side walls.
13 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173556 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
Products-Characterization-and-Testing (BSU 
Report). 14The 21-lb load is equivalent to the weight of 
a 95th percentile 6-month-old boy (Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. CDC growth charts: United States, 2000. https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/). (a) Concavity and Conformity 
The BSU Report states that the 
concavity (i.e., curvature of the seat 
back) and conformity (i.e., the product 
enveloping the infant due to the infant’s 
weight) of an infant rocker can affect the risk of mouth and nose contact with the sides of the product and poses a suffocation risk. The BSU research team found that rockers with a small pillow or no pillow posed a low risk for suffocation from nose and mouth contact, while products with larger and thicker pillows or inserts were deemed to create a high risk for mouth and nose contact and potential suffocation. 
The BSU Report outlines a 
recommended concavity test. The test consists of calculating the concavity (radius) formed at the intended occupant’s head position with a 7.65- pound newborn-sized test device in the seat. With the device in place, the width of the seat is then measured from side to side at the intended infant head position. The depth is also measured from the midline of the infant’s head position to the seat back surface. With these measurements, the radius is then calculated to determine the concavity. 
The BSU Report states that a seated 
product with a concavity radius greater than 22 cm (8.66 in.) would protect against mouth and nose contact with sides of the products during a normal head rotation. Therefore, the BSU Report recommends a concavity radius equal to or greater than 22 cm (8.66 in.), which would make it easier for infants to free their mouth and nose from face contact if they roll into a prone position within the product. After conducting testing, CPSC staff similarly found that a concavity radius of less than 22 cm (8.66 in) would increase the risk of an infant’s mouth or nose coming into contact with the side of a product. The 22 cm (8.66 in) radius is three times the head radius of a 95th percentile six- month-old male. The minimum 22 cm (8.66 in) radius requirement therefore incorporates a three times safety factor to prevent the infant’s face from contacting the side of the rocker. The Commission invites comment on the 
proposed concavity requirement to address the suffocation hazard by adopting the BSU Report’s recommended concavity test for rockers. 
(b) Firmness 
The BSU Report states that all seated 
infant products should be sufficiently 
firm and flat to prevent the infant’s mouth and nose from making contact with the product during supine lying with a normal head rotation. The BSU 
Report recommends that infant rocker firmness should be equivalent to the crib mattress firmness requirement, confirming that the minimum displacement of 11mm (0.43 in) with a 2.25-pound load would meet the crib mattress firmness requirement. Based on staff’s own testing as well as the BSU Report, CPSC staff advises that adopting the BSU Report firmness test for rockers would address a suffocation risk. Staff further found that inserting a foam backing between the fabric of the rocker and the frame would allow the rocker to pass the firmness test, suggesting the feasibility of complying with the BSU Report’s firmness recommendation. See Tab C of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package for more detail. 
The firmness requirement and test 
method recommended in the BSU Report addresses the hazards of soft surfaces designed into rockers, such as pillows or hammock designs, that can envelope an infant’s face in the prone position or with the head turned to the side position. Providing equivalent firmness around the occupant’s head will help to ensure that rockers have the same baseline safety as crib mattresses in terms of preventing a child’s nose and mouth from being obstructed by the support surface. The Commission proposes to adopt the BSU Report’s recommended firmness test to strengthen the rockers standard to address a suffocation hazard that ASTM F3084–22 currently does not address and invites comment on this proposal. 
6. Forward Stability 
Section 6.3 of ASTM F3084–22 
specifies performance requirements for 
forward stability in infant rockers intended to support an occupant who has not developed the ability to sit up unassisted. The test procedure for forward stability applies a tipping moment to the product in its most upright position to simulate a 21 lb. infant leaning forward in the rocker.
14A 
test fixture is then attached to the seat of a product with restraints that have been adjusted for a CAMI Infant Dummy. A 21-lb. vertical static force is applied for 60 seconds to the fixture five inches in front of the crotch post. To pass the test, the infant rocker must not tip over. See Tab A, Appendix, and Tab 
C of Staff NPR Briefing Package for additional details. 
This forward stability requirement for 
infant rockers is not as stringent as the forward stability requirements for infant bouncers in 16 CFR part 1229, which provides greater protection for larger infants by applying the test weight one inch further from the crotch post (i.e., six inches away instead of five inches away) and using the manufacturer’s maximum recommended weight if greater than the 21-lb. weight application specified. Additionally, the infant rocker standard does not clearly specify a maximum weight limit for infant rockers in the product warnings and does not adequately indicate which forward stability tests are to be applied to each product type, whether it be an infant rocker or an infant/toddler rocker. To strengthen the standard, the Commission proposes modifying the forward stability requirement for infant rockers to match the more stringent test conditions specified in the mandatory standard for infant bouncers, revising the definitions for ‘‘infant rocker’’ and ‘‘infant/toddler rocker’’ to list a maximum weight limit, and revising the forward stability tests to offer additional clarification on which tests apply to which product category. 
In addition, it appears the forward 
stability test for infant/toddler rockers in ASTM F3084–22 does not adequately address occupants larger than six- months-old, as most of the incidents of infant/toddler rockers tipping over involved an occupant that ranged from seven months to 12 months of age. See Tab C of Staff NPR Briefing Package. The Commission requests comments on this concern, and on methods to best test forward stability hazards for occupants older than six months of age. 
7. Electrical—Battery Leakage 
As noted, 36 of the 1,088 reported 
rocker incidents within the study period 
involved leaking batteries. Twelve of the leaking battery incidents reported corroded or rusty battery compartments. 
See Tab A, Appendix, and Tab C of 
Staff’s NPR Briefing Package for additional information. 
ASTM F3084–22 does not specify 
requirements to address battery or electrical issues associated with rockers. CPSC’s bouncer rule, codified at 16 CFR part 1229, does include requirements to address such electrical hazards. Specifically, the bouncer rule’s electrical requirements include: (1) each battery compartment or area around the battery compartment is marked to show the correct battery polarity, size, and voltage; (2) each battery compartment provides a means to contain battery leaks; (3) design protection from the possibility of a battery being charged when it is installed in the rocker; (4) the surfaces of any accessible electrical 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173557 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
component do not reach temperatures 
exceeding 160 °F (71°C) at any time 
while in ordinary use; and (5) the product is only operable via an a/c power source and/or new batteries of the type recommended by the manufacturer. To address the battery- related hazards reflected in the reported incidents, the Commission proposes to add electrical requirements based on requirements in the bouncer rule. 
8. Drop Test 
The bouncer rule in 16 CFR part 1229 
includes a drop test to evaluate the 
durability of infant bouncers in instances of an inadvertent drop or the product impacting a hard surface. The test drops a bouncer from a height of 36 inches once on each of six different planes (top, bottom, front, rear, left side, and right side). ASTM F3084–22 does not contain a similar test, which reduces the protectiveness of its requirements. See Tab C of Staff’s NPR Briefing 
Package. Accordingly, the Commission proposes to apply the drop test from the bouncer rule to rockers to ensure product durability. 9. Strangulation on Tethered Straps 
CPSC staff identified one near- 
strangulation incident involving a 
rocker in which an eight-month-old male crawled under the product, at which time his neck became entangled in the tethered straps located behind the rocker. See Tab A, Appendix, and Tab 
C of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package for additional information. Because ASTM F3084–22 does not address a tethered strap strangulation hazard, the Commission proposes to strengthen the rocker standard by adding a test in section 7.11 of the NPR to address tethered strap strangulation hazards. 
C. Marking, Warning, and Labeling 
Warning about a hazard is a less 
effective method of addressing the 
hazard than either designing the hazard out of a product or guarding consumers from the hazard. Therefore, when a standard relies on warnings to address 
a hazard, it is particularly important that the warning statements are noticeable, understandable, and motivational. The primary U.S. voluntary consensus standard for product safety signs and labels, ANSI Z535.4, American National Standard for 
Product Safety Signs and Labels, recommends that on-product warnings include content that addresses the following three elements: 
•a description of the hazard; 
•information about the consequences 
of exposure to the hazard; and 
•instructions regarding appropriate 
hazard-avoidance behaviors. 
CPSC staff analyzed literature, 
incident data, and consumer feedback, concluding that the rocker warnings specified in ASTM F3084–22 do not adequately address the identified product hazards because the warning requirements insufficiently address the use of soft bedding in rockers and the use of rockers for sleep, fail to address potential hazards of prematurely born infants using rockers, do not sufficiently outline label visibility and location requirements, and have typographical errors. See Tab D of Staff’s NPR Briefing 
Package. To address these deficiencies, the Commission proposes inclusion of the warnings shown in Figure 1: 
D. Instructional Literature 
Adding these warnings to the product 
literature is also necessary to address 
adequately the hazards associated with rockers. See Tab D of Staff’s NPR 
Briefing Package. Further, the instructional literature language in the ASTM voluntary standard overbroadly states that instructions shall include the warnings listed in section 8.7, which contains four sets of warning statements 
with minor differences based on whether the product is an infant rocker or an infant/toddler rocker, and the type of restraint system used. The Commission proposes that the instructional literature requirements specify that only the applicable warning in section 8.7 needs to be included. 
V. Overview of the NPR A. Performance Requirements 
In light of the substantial record of 
deaths and injuries with infant rockers 
and infant/toddler rockers, as summarized in section III above, the Commission issues the NPR under section 104 of the CPSIA to propose a mandatory consumer product safety 
standard for rockers. The Commission proposes to incorporate by reference ASTM F3084–22, with modifications to make the standard more stringent to further reduce the risk of injury associated with the use of rockers. The objective of this proposed rule is to address the known hazards of infant rockers and infant/toddler rockers, 
which include positional asphyxia, disassembly and collapse, hardware failures such as screws coming out and parts breaking off, and falls from elevated surfaces. The NPR contains more stringent performance and labeling requirements than the voluntary standard, improving the test 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1
EP26OC23.009</GPH>ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1Figure 1. Example warning label. 
SUFFOCATION & ASPHYXIA HAZARD: Using this product for SLEEP, 
NAPS, or on SOFT SURFACES CAN KILL. 
• NEVER use this product for sleep. 
• Stay near and watch baby during use. If baby faUs asleep, remove baby as 
soon as possible and place baby on a finn, flat sleep surface such as a 
bare cnb or bassinet 
• For babies born prematurely, consult a doctor before use. 
• ALWAYS use restraints. Adjust to fit snugly. 
• NEVER use on a bed, sofa, cushion or other-soft surface. Babies have 
suffocated when seats tipped over on soft surfaces. 
• NEVER add soft bedding or padding. 
FALL HAZARD: Babies have suffered head injuries FALLING FROM 
ROCKERS. 
• NEVER lift or cany baby in rocker. 
• STOP using product when baby has reached pnsert manufacturer's 
recommended maximum weight, notto exceed 20 lbs.} 
• ALWAYS place rodcer on floor. NEVER use on any elevated surface. 73558 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
15Mannen, E.M., Siegel, D., Goldrod, S., Bossart, 
A., Lujan, T.J., Wilson, C., Whitaker, B., Carrol, J. 
(2023). Seated Products Characterization and 
Testing. Report available at https://www.cpsc.gov/ 
content/Report-Boise-State-Universitys-Seated- Products-Characterization-and-Testing. (BSU 
Report). requirements based on CPSC’s 
assessment of incident reports, performance tests from the bouncer rule in 16 CFR part 1229, and the BSU Report. Additionally, the NPR includes requirements for warning content and formatting. Proposed modifications to ASTM F3084–22 in the NPR address: 
Suffocation risks posed by soft rocker 
surfaces and rocker features that can envelop a child’s face, by adding firmness and concavity requirements as recommended in the BSU Report discussed in section IV of the preamble;
15 
Tipover risk, by modifying the 
terminology and forward stability requirements for rockers to match the more stringent test conditions listed in ASTM F2167–22, incorporated by reference into CPSC’s Safety Standard for Infant Bouncer Seats, codified in 16 CFR part 1229, and to more clearly indicate which forward stability tests are to be performed on each product type, i.e., the different testing for an 
infant rocker versus an infant/toddler rocker; 
Battery leakage risk, by adding the 
more stringent electrical requirements from part 1229, including performance requirements and test methods requiring battery compartments to provide a means of containing battery leakage, preventing access to contained leakage, avoiding hazardous charging of batteries when installed in the product, and limiting the surface temperature of accessible electrical components to 160°F (71°C) or less at any time while 
in ordinary use; 
Strangulation risk posed by tethered 
straps that are exposed below a product, by adding tethered straps accessibility requirements; 
Mechanical injury risks associated 
with product design, by adding drop test requirements from part 1229 to ensure product durability; 
Warning and literature requirements 
to emphasize that rockers are not intended for sleep and that soft bedding is not to be used in rockers, and to ensure that on-product labels are prominently placed and conspicuous to the consumer. 
B. Certification 
Section 14 of the CPSA establishes 
requirements for product certification 
and testing. Products subject to a consumer product safety rule under the CPSA, or to a similar rule, ban, 
standard, or regulation under any other act enforced by the Commission, must be certified as complying with all applicable CPSC-enforced requirements. 15 U.S.C. 2063(a). Certification of children’s products subject to a children’s product safety rule must be based on testing conducted by a CPSC- accepted third party conformity assessment body. 15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(2). The Commission must publish a notice of requirements (NOR) for the accreditation of third-party conformity assessment bodies to assess conformity with a children’s product safety rule to which a children’s product is subject. 15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(3). The proposed rule for 16 CFR part 1240, Safety Standard for Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers, if issued as a final rule, would be a children’s product safety rule that requires the issuance of an NOR. 
16 CFR part 1112 establishes 
requirements for accreditation of third- party conformity assessment bodies to test for conformity with a children’s product safety rule in accordance with section 14(a)(2) of the CPSA. Part 1112 also codifies all of the NORs issued previously by the Commission. To meet the requirement that the Commission issue an NOR for the rocker standard, the Commission proposes as part of the NPR to add rockers to the list of children’s product safety rules for which CPSC has issued an NOR. 
Testing laboratories applying for 
acceptance as a CPSC-accepted third 
party conformity assessment body to test to the new standard for rockers would be required to meet the third- party conformity assessment body accreditation requirements in part 1112. When a laboratory meets the requirements as a CPSC-accepted third party conformity assessment body, the laboratory can apply to CPSC to have 16 CFR part 1240, Safety Standard for Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers, included within the laboratory’s scope of accreditation of CPSC safety rules listed for the laboratory on the CPSC website at: https://www.cpsc.gov/cgi- bin/labsearch/. 
C. Product Registration 
In addition to requiring the 
Commission to issue safety standards 
for durable infant or toddler products, section 104 of the CPSIA directs the Commission to issue a rule requiring that manufacturers of durable infant or toddler products establish a program for consumer registration of those products. 15 U.S.C. 2056a(d). 
Section 104(f) of the CPSIA defines 
the term ‘‘durable infant or toddler product’’ as ‘‘a durable product intended for use, or that may be 
reasonably expected to be used, by children under the age of 5 years,’’ and lists 12 product categories. 15 U.S.C. 2056a(f). The product categories listed in section 104(f)(2) of the CPSIA— which do not include rockers— represent a non-exhaustive list of durable infant or toddler product categories. 74 FR 68668, 68669 (Dec. 29, 2009). 
As the CPSIA directs, CPSC’s 
consumer registration rule at 16 CFR part 1130 requires each manufacturer of a durable infant or toddler product to provide a postage-paid consumer registration form with each product; keep records of consumers who register their products with the manufacturer; and permanently place the manufacturer’s name and certain other identifying information on the product. The Commission here proposes to amend part 1130 to include ‘‘Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers,’’ as defined in ASTM F3084–22 with modifications, as durable infant or toddler products because they are: (1) intended for use, and may be reasonably expected to be used, by children under the age of 5 years; (2) similar to the other seated products listed in section 104(f)(2) of the CPSIA, such as swings, booster chairs, and activity centers; and (3) durable, as reflected by the fact that they are commonly available for resale or ‘‘handed down’’ for use by other children. 
VI. Incorporation by Reference 
The Commission proposes 
incorporating ASTM F3084–22 by 
reference, with modifications to further reduce the risk of injury associated with rockers. The Office of the Federal Register (OFR) has regulations concerning incorporation by reference. 1 CFR part 51. For a proposed rule, agencies must discuss in the preamble 
of the NPR ways that the materials the agency proposes to incorporate by reference are reasonably available to interested persons or how the agency worked to make the materials reasonably available. In addition, the preamble of the proposed rule must summarize the material. 1 CFR 51.5(a). 
In accordance with the OFR’s 
requirements, section IV.B of the preamble summarizes the provisions of ASTM F3084–22 that the Commission proposes to incorporate by reference. ASTM F3084–22 is copyrighted. By permission of ASTM, the standard can be viewed as a read-only document during the comment period of the NPR, at: https://www.astm.org/cpsc.htm. To 
download or print the standard, interested persons may purchase a copy 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173559 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
16See, e.g., Safety Standard for Infant Swings, 87 
FR 44,307 (July 26, 2022); Safety Standard for Crib 
Mattresses, 87 FR 8640 (Feb. 15, 2022). of ASTM F3084–22 from ASTM, 
through its website (https://www.astm.org), or by mail from ASTM International, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, P.O. Box 0700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Alternatively, interested parties may inspect a copy of the standard at CPSC’s Office of the Secretary by contacting Alberta E. Mills, Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone: 301– 504–7479; email: cpsc-os@cpsc.gov. 
VII. Effective Date 
The Administrative Procedure Act 
(APA) generally requires that the 
effective date of a rule be at least 30 days after publication of the final rule. 5 U.S.C. 553(d). The Commission proposes a 180-day effective date for this rule. The rule would apply to all rockers manufactured after the effective date. 15 U.S.C. 2058(g)(1). This amount of time is typical for other CPSIA section 104 rules.
16Six months is also 
the period that the Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association (JPMA) typically allows for products in their certification program to shift to a new standard once that new standard is published. Therefore, juvenile product manufacturers are accustomed to adjusting to new standards within this timeframe. Given that the proposed rule largely uses test equipment that is already utilized to test rockers to ASTM F3084–22 for JPMA’s program, and that any additional required test equipment is either already utilized for other regulated products (such as infant bouncer seats) or can easily be procured or produced by a testing laboratory, the Commission believes that additional time is unnecessary for the production or procurement of new test equipment. The Commission invites comments, particularly from small businesses, regarding the amount of time needed to come into compliance with a final rule. 
VIII. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 
The RFA requires that agencies 
review a proposed rule for its potential 
economic impact on small entities, including small businesses. Section 603 of the RFA generally requires that agencies prepare an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IRFA) and make the analysis available to the public for comment when the agency publishes an NPR. 5 U.S.C. 603. The IRFA must describe the impact of the proposed rule on small entities and identify significant alternatives that accomplish the statutory objectives and minimize any 
significant economic impact of the proposed rule on small entities. CPSC staff has addressed these issues in Tab F of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package, and 
they are presented briefly below. 
A. Agency Action, NPR Objectives, 
Product Description, and Market Description 
Section I of the preamble explains 
why CPSC is considering issuing a mandatory rule for rockers and provides a statement of the objectives of, and legal basis for, the proposed rule. Section II of the preamble describes the types of products within the scope of the NPR, the market for rockers, and the use of rockers in the U.S. 
The requirements in the NPR are more 
stringent than the ASTM voluntary standard for rockers. Relatively few rockers for sale in the U.S. are marketed as ASTM-compliant. Only two out of approximately 50 current suppliers to the U.S. market are members of the JPMA certification testing program for rockers, which provides third party testing for compliance with CPSC and ASTM standards. JPMA currently has four member companies that are certified specifically for rockers, two of which do not currently have a rocker for sale in the U.S. See Tab F of Staff’s NPR 
Briefing Package. 
B. Small Entities to Which the NPR 
Would Apply 
Of the 13 U.S. manufacturers and 
importers of rockers that currently supply the U.S. market, four are small U.S. manufacturers and five are small U.S. importers based on Small Business Administration (SBA) size standards, for a total of nine small U.S. entities to which the NPR would apply. The rest of the suppliers, about 37, are foreign- based manufacturers and direct shippers. 
The NPR would not mandate any 
requirements or have direct economic impact on retailers of any size because products manufactured or imported before the effective date of the final rule could still be sold. Indirect impacts on retailers could occur in the longer term if rockers are removed from the market rather than redesigned to meet the requirements of this standard, or if an increased price of compliant rockers reduces demand. 
C. Impact of the Proposed Rule on Small 
Manufacturers and Importers 
The NPR could have a significant 
impact on nine small U.S. importers and manufacturers whose products may not be consistent with the NPR requirements. CPSC considers one percent of annual revenue from sales to 
be a potentially ‘‘significant’’ economic impact. 
Most rocker products on the market 
would require redesign to meet the proposed rule and would need new labeling. The extent of the required modifications would depend on whether the products already meet the ASTM standard for rockers or, for multi- mode products, the similar mandatory standards for bouncer chairs or swings. Manufacturers whose products do not meet the performance requirements in the NPR will need to redesign the products at a cost that CPSC staff estimates to be approximately $80,000 per model or remove the products from the market. 
Staff anticipates that most models 
would require at least some redesign to meet the requirements of the standard. However, some redesigns could be relatively inexpensive, such as changing the seat angle or modifying the restraints. Products that currently meet all physical performance requirements might only need the new warning sticker or a stamped-on label. Combination products that are compliant with the mandatory bouncer chair standard or the swing standard and have no hanging restraint straps may require minimal redesign or none at all. 
Staff estimates the total cost of 
redesign for the 17 models supplied by U.S. small businesses to be $1.36 million (17 models × $80,000), though 
the cost could be less if some models do not require redesign, or only modest redesign. The cost of redesign could also be spread across multiple models because models from the same manufacturer can be similar in structural design and dimensions with different fabrics or toy bars. Similarly, one model from a foreign manufacturer may be sold by multiple direct shippers and small importers under different brand names. The ongoing cost of compliance after the first year that the 
rule is in effect is expected to be minimal for materials and labor because the redesigned products would likely use the same types of materials and production methods as current products. 
Substitutes for rockers are available, 
so if the costs of compliance were to raise the price of rockers above the price of what parents perceive as reasonable substitutes, such as swings or bouncer seats, there could be a decline in rocker sales as a result of this rule. However, the impact on suppliers of reduced rocker sales could be offset by an increase in sales of these competing products if sold by the same companies. 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173560 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
The impact of the redesign cost could 
also be reduced if suppliers are able to increase the retail price to cover some or all of the cost without significantly impacting overall demand for rockers. 
Based on staff’s analysis, additional 
testing costs beyond what suppliers are already spending to comply with other CPSC standards would be less than $1,000 per year per model. Testing costs would likely vary depending on where the testing takes place and whether volume discounts apply. If products are sold to a global market, those products would require testing to satisfy both U.S. and foreign standards at the same time, for a bundled test price. Multi- mode products that are already required to demonstrate compliance with the bouncer or swing mandatory standard through third-party testing may experience a smaller incremental cost for testing only the rocker mode. Overall, staff estimates the testing costs for the industry as a whole, including foreign and large businesses supplying the U.S. market, to be $80,000 per year (80 models × $1,000 per model for 
testing). 
D. Impact on Testing Labs 
No adverse impact on testing 
laboratories should occur as a result of 
a final rule for rockers. CPSC estimates the required testing instruments and devices to cost in the range of $500 to $1,000. The cost will be on the lower 
end of this range if the laboratory already has devices such as force gauges, which are common. The 22 labs that are currently accredited to test to the mandatory bouncer standard would likely easily meet the accreditation requirements to test rockers given the similarity of the requirements and test methods. Furthermore, most laboratories are not small businesses. Companies in the lab testing industry include companies with hundreds of locations, including Asia and Europe, and thousands of employees. 
E. Alternatives Considered To Reduce 
the Impact on Small Entities 
The Commission considered several 
alternatives to reduce burden on small entities. Exempting small entities from this rule or parts of this rule would not be consistent with the applicable statutes; the CPSA allows CPSC to provide ‘‘small batch’’ exemptions to testing requirements or alternative requirements for some mandatory safety standards, such as the standard for bicycle helmets (16 CFR part 1203), but the CPSIA section 104 requirements for durable infant or toddler products do not provide for such exemptions. Nevertheless, several alternatives to the NPR could have a different impact on small businesses. The Commission requests comment on these alternatives or other alternatives that could reduce the potential burden on small entities. 
1. Not Establishing a Mandatory 
Standard 
While not establishing a safety 
standard for rockers would minimize the regulatory impact on small businesses, failing to establish a mandatory standard would fail to reduce injuries and deaths from the known hazards. Establishing a mandatory standard satisfies the mandate in section 104 of the CPSIA requiring the Commission to create mandatory safety standards for all durable infant or toddler products. 
2. Only Including Infant Rockers in the 
Scope 
The incident data for rockers, 
discussed in section III of the preamble, reflect that all of the fatalities and most of the injuries were to children less than one year old. While CPSC could consider excluding from the scope of the rule those rockers that are marketed for use only by children over one year old, this would not significantly reduce the impact on small businesses, as there are very few rockers on the market solely for toddlers. Such limitation in scope also would not effectively address the hazards because rockers marketed for older children foreseeably could still be used for infants. Further, the incident data reflects some non-fatal injuries to children over one year old. 
3. Incorporating ASTM F3084–22 
Without Modifications 
The Commission considered 
proposing to incorporate by reference ASTM F3084–22, without any modifications. While this would reduce the impact on two U.S. small businesses that claim to be compliant with the ASTM standard, the overall impact on U.S. small businesses, as compared to the Commission’s proposed rule, would not be significant. Further, as discussed above, ASTM F3084–22 does not adequately address the suffocation and fall hazards rockers present. 
4. A Different Effective Date of the 
Requirements 
An effective date earlier than 180 days 
after publication could provide the benefits of the NPR more quickly but would increase the burden on small businesses by requiring them to more quickly redesign and test products. An earlier effective date could result in temporary shortages of rockers because the testing labs would need to receive accreditation before they could test for compliance to the new performance requirements. A later effective date could reduce impact on small businesses but would delay addressing the known hazards, including life- threatening risks. 
IX. Environmental Consideration 
The Commission’s regulations address 
whether the agency is required to 
prepare an environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement. Under these regulations, certain categories of CPSC actions normally have ‘‘little or no potential for affecting the human environment,’’ and therefore do not require an environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement. Safety standards providing requirements for products come under this categorical exclusion. 16 CFR 1021.5(c)(1). The NPR falls within the categorical exclusion. 
X. Paperwork Reduction Act 
This proposed rule for infant rockers 
contains information collection 
requirements that are subject to public comment and review by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501–3521). In this document, pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3507(a)(1)(D), we set forth: 
•a title for the collection of 
information; 
•a summary of the collection of 
information; 
•a brief description of the need for 
the information and the proposed use of the information; 
•a description of the likely 
respondents and proposed frequency of response to the collection of information; 
•an estimate of the burden that shall 
result from the collection of information; and 
•notice that comments may be 
submitted to the OMB. 
Title: Safety Standard for Infant and 
Infant/Toddler Rockers. 
Description: The proposed rule would 
require each rocker within the scope of the rule to comply with ASTM F3084– 22, Standard Consumer Safety 
Specification for Infant and Infant/ Toddler Rockers, modified by the proposed additional requirements summarized in the preamble. Sections 8 and 9 of ASTM F3084–22 contain requirements for marking, labeling, and instructional literature. These requirements fall within the definition of ‘‘collection of information,’’ as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3). 
Description of Respondents: Persons 
who manufacture or import rockers. 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173561 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
Estimated Burden: We estimate the 
burden of this collection of information 
as follows: 
TABLE 4—E STIMATED ANNUAL REPORTING BURDEN  
16 CFR section Number of 
respondents Frequency of 
responses Total annual 
responses Hours per 
response Total 
burden hours 
1240 ..................................................................................... 50 1.6 80 1 80 
Our estimate is based on the 
following: 
ASTM F3084–22 requires that the 
name and the place of business (city, 
state, and mailing address, including zip code) or telephone number of the manufacturer, distributor, or seller be marked clearly and legibly on each product and its retail package. It also requires a code mark or other means that identifies the date (month and year, as a minimum) of manufacture. 
An estimated 13 U.S. firms supply 
rockers to the domestic market, as well as seven foreign manufacturers and about 30 foreign direct shippers, for a total of about 50 suppliers. We estimate the time required to respond to the collection is about one hour per model. Approximately 80 models of rockers were available for sale on the U.S. market as of March 2023. Therefore, each supplier is estimated to respond 1.6 times (80 models/50 suppliers = 1.6 responses). The estimated annual burden associated with the collection is 50 respondents × 1.6 responses × 1 hour 
per response = 80 hours. 
CPSC estimates that the hourly 
compensation for the time required to respond to the collection is $37.41 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,’’ March 2023, total compensation for all sales and office workers in goods- producing private industries: https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ ecec_ 06162023.pdf). The estimated 
annual cost to industry associated with the collection accordingly is $2,993 ($37.41 per hour × 80 hours = 
$2,992.80). No operating, maintenance, or capital costs are associated with the collection. 
The NPR requires instructions to be 
supplied with rockers. Under the OMB’s regulations (5 CFR 1320.3(b)(2)), the time, effort, and financial resources necessary to comply with a collection of information that would be incurred by persons in the ‘‘normal course of their activities’’ are excluded from a burden estimate, where an agency demonstrates that the disclosure activities required to comply are ‘‘usual and customary.’’ Firms that supply rockers to the U.S. market typically provide instructional literature to consumers. Therefore, we tentatively estimate that no burden hours are associated with supplying instructional literature because any burden associated with supplying instructions would be ‘‘usual and customary’’ and not within the definition of ‘‘burden’’ under the OMB’s regulations. 
Based on this analysis, the proposed 
standard for rockers would impose a burden to industry of 80 hours at a cost of $2,993 annually. 
In compliance with the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)), CPSC has submitted the information collection requirements of this rule to the OMB for review. Interested persons are requested to submit comments (see the 
ADDRESSES  
section at the beginning of this document). 
Pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A), 
we invite comments on: 
•whether the collection of 
information is necessary for the proper performance of CPSC’s functions, including whether the information will have practical utility; 
•the accuracy of CPSC’s estimate of 
the burden of the proposed collection of information, including the validity of the methodology and assumptions used; 
•ways to enhance the quality, utility, 
and clarity of the information to be collected; 
•ways to reduce the burden of the 
collection of information on respondents, including the use of automated collection techniques, when appropriate, and other forms of information technology; and 
•the estimated burden hours 
associated with label modification, including any alternative estimates. 
XI. Preemption 
Section 26(a) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 
2075(a), states that when a consumer 
product safety standard is in effect and applies to a product, no state or political subdivision of a state may either establish or continue in effect a standard or regulation that prescribes requirements for the performance, composition, contents, design, finish, construction, packaging, or labeling of such product dealing with the same risk of injury unless the state requirement is identical to the federal standard. Section 26(c) of the CPSA also provides that states or political subdivisions of states may apply to the Commission for an exemption from this preemption under certain circumstances. Section 104(b) of the CPSIA refers to the rules to be issued under that section as ‘‘consumer product safety rules.’’ Therefore, the preemption provision of section 26(a) of the CPSA would apply to a rule issued under section 104. 
XII. Request for Comments 
The Commission proposes a rule 
under section 104(b) of the CPSIA to 
issue a consumer product safety standard for Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers, to amend part 1112 to add Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers to the list of children’s product safety rules for which CPSC has issued an NOR, and to amend part 1130 to identify Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers as a durable infant or toddler product subject to CPSC consumer registration requirements. The Commission requests comments on any aspect of these proposals, including the proposed effective date and the costs of compliance with, and testing to, the proposed Safety Standard for Infant and 
Infant/Toddler Rockers. During the comment period, the ASTM F3084–22, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant and Infant/ Toddler Rockers, is available as a read- only document at: https://www.astm.org/cpsc.htm. 
In addition to the areas identified 
above, the Commission seeks comment on the following matters: 
A. What physical design 
characteristics, not already addressed in this package, would best signal to adults that rockers are unsafe for infant sleep? Should any such characteristics be required for rockers? 
B. What benefits, if any, do younger 
infants (under 4 months) derive from rockers in terms of motor development and visual stimulation? Do the benefits change and/or increase as an infant progresses from early infancy? 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173562 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
C. Should rockers be allowed to be 
marketed, intended, or designed to 
accommodate babies that are too young to gain any physical developmental benefit from using them? 
D. Would any additional warnings be 
useful? If so, what messages should be included? 
E. The Commission invites comments 
on staff’s recommendation that the warning label specifically address premature infants: ‘‘For babies born prematurely, consult a doctor before use.’’ (See discussion at OS–125, page 68 in Tab B of Staff’s NPR Briefing Package). Is a warning appropriate for any other groups of infants, for instance, infants under four months of age? 
F. Should soothing features, like 
vibration or calming sounds, be permitted on rockers? 
G. Whether the NPR has identified the 
appropriate firmness test points, or whether any other test points should be included, for example, a third firmness test point in an area of the head space of the product that is most likely to fail the test, comparable to the additional test points proposed in the recent NPR for nursing pillows at 88 FR 65865, 65883 (Sept. 26, 2023)? 
H. Whether an anti-stockpiling 
provision should be included and, if so, whether the Commission should include an anti-stockpiling provision comparable to the one proposed in the recent SNPR for portable generators at 88 FR 24346, 24372 (Apr. 20, 2023)? 
I. Should torso angle restrictions be 
included? If so: 
1. Should those restrictions set a 
maximum angle, under which sleep is appropriately safe?; 
2. Should those restrictions set a 
minimum angle, above which a baby is sitting upright and unlikely to sleep?; or 
3. Should those restrictions do both of 
the above (i.e., should products be 
permitted to be below X degrees or above Y degrees, but not any of the angles in between X and Y)? 
J. The Commission requests comment 
on whether any rocker (with an incline ‘‘greater than 10 degrees’’) in which infants are likely to fall asleep is safe for infants under 5 months, or for infants under 6 months. And, if such products are not safe, what modifications to the proposed rule—such as, for example, age grading—should be made to ensure that those products are not available for children in that age range? 
K. The Commission invites comments 
on the proposed definitions of infant rocker and infant/toddler rocker. 
1. In addition to the staff’s 
recommendations that the definitions include a weight limit, should a minimum age be specified? 2. With respect to product angle, is 
the specification of ‘‘greater than 10 
degrees’’ in the proposed definition 
adequate to address positional asphyxia risks? 
L. According to the June 2023 report 
from Boise State University, Seated Products Characterization and Testing, ‘‘Future studies should focus more on the biomechanical differences between younger and older infants within infant products.’’ (p. 173) The Commission requests comments on the biomechanical differences that impact the risks of injury and death associated with infant and infant/toddler rockers, particularly for premature infants and infants under 4 months. 
Submit comments in accordance with 
the instructions in the 
ADDRESSES  
section at the beginning of this document. 
List of Subjects 16 CFR Part 1112 
Administrative practice and 
procedure, Audit, Consumer protection, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Third party conformity assessment body. 
16 CFR Part 1130 
Administrative practice and 
procedure, Business and industry, 
Consumer protection, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 
16 CFR Part 1240 
Consumer protection, Incorporation 
by reference, Infants and children, 
Labeling, Law enforcement, Seats, Toys. 
For the reasons discussed in the 
preamble, the Commission proposes to amend Title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows: 
PART 1112—REQUIREMENTS 
PERTAINING TO THIRD PARTY CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT BODIES 
■1. The authority citation for part 1112 
continues to read as follows: 
Authority: Pub. L. 110–314, section 3, 122 
Stat. 3016, 3017 (2008); 15 U.S.C. 2063. 
■2. Amend § 1112.15 by adding 
paragraph (b)(51) to read as follows: 
§ 1112.15 When can a third party 
conformity assessment body apply for CPSC acceptance for a particular CPSC rule and/or test method? 
* * * * * 
(b) * * * 
(51) 16 CFR part 1240, Safety 
Standard for Infant and Infant/Toddler 
Rockers. 
* * * * * 
■3. The authority citation for part 1130 
continues to read as follows: Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2056a, 2065(b). 
■4. Amend § 1130.2 by adding 
paragraph (a)(20) to read as follows: 
PART 1130—REQUIREMENTS FOR 
CONSUMER REGISTRATION OF DURABLE INFANT OR TODDLER PRODUCTS 
§ 1130.2 Definitions. 
* * * * * 
(a) * * * 
(20) Infant and Infant/Toddler 
Rockers. * * * * * 
■5. Add part 1240 to read as follows: 
PART 1240—SAFETY STANDARD FOR 
INFANT AND INFANT/TODDLER ROCKERS 
Sec. 
1240.1 Scope. 1240.2 Requirements for infant and infant/ 
toddler rockers. 
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2056a. 
§ 1240.1 Scope. 
This part establishes a consumer 
product safety standard for Infant and 
Infant/Toddler Rockers. 
§ 1240.2 Requirements for infant and 
infant/toddler rockers. 
(a) Except as provided in paragraph 
(b) of this section, each infant and 
infant/toddler rocker must comply with all applicable provisions of ASTM F3084–22, Standard Consumer Safety 
Specification for Infant and Infant/ Toddler Rockers (approved May 1, 2022). The Director of the Federal Register approves this incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. This material is available for inspection at the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission at: the Office of the Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone (301) 504–7479, email: cpsc- os@cpsc.gov. For information on the 
availability of this material at NARA, email fr.inspection@nara.gov, or go to: 
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ ibr-locations.html. A free, read-only 
copy of the standard is available for viewing on the ASTM website at https:// 
www.astm.org/READINGLIBRARY/. You 
may also obtain a copy from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959; phone: (610) 832–9585; www.astm.org. 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173563 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
(b) Comply with the ASTM F3084–22 
standard with the following additions or 
exclusions: 
(1) Instead of complying with section 
3.1.6 and 3.1.7 of ASTM F3084–22, comply with the following: 
(i) 3.1.6 infant rocker, n—a 
freestanding product intended to support an occupant who has not developed the ability to sit up unassisted, up to 20 lb. (approximately 0 through 6 months of age), in a seated, reclined position greater than 10° and to 
facilitate rocking by the occupant with the aid of the caregiver or by other means. 
(ii) 3.1.7 infant/toddler rocker, n—a 
freestanding product intended to support an occupant in a seated, reclined position greater than 10° and to 
facilitate rocking by the occupant with the aid of the caregiver or by other means until the occupant is approximately age 2.5 years, up to 40 lb. 
(2) In addition to complying with 
sections 3.1.1 through 3.1.17 of ASTM F3084–22, comply with the following: 
(i) 3.1.18 tethered strap, n—an 
exposed strap underneath or behind the occupant support surface with both ends secured to the product (see 6.8). 
(ii) 3.1.18.1 Discussion—This 
specifically excludes straps that are loose or hanging from a product that are not intended to be attached to another component according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 
(iii) 3.1.18.2 Discussion—The strap 
may consist of monofilaments, rope, woven and twisted cord, plastic and textile tapes, or ribbon. 
(3) Add section 3.1.19 to ASTM 
F3084–22: 
3.1.19 rocking, v—forward and 
backward motion via a nonstationary base. 
(4) Instead of complying with sections 
6.3.1 and 6.3.1.1 of ASTM F3084–22, comply with the following: 
(i) 6.3.1 Forward Stability—The 
rocker shall not tip over when tested in accordance with 7.4.1. This shall be for all infant rockers and infant/toddler rockers in the infant rocker use, mode, or position. 
(ii) 6.3.1.1 Forward Stability Infant/ 
Toddler Rockers—If the product is intended for use after the occupant can sit upright unassisted with a manufacturer’s recommended weight above 20 lb., the rocker shall not tip over when tested in accordance with 7.4.2. 
(5) Add sections 6.8, 6.8.1, and 6.8.2 
to ASTM F3084–22: 
(i) 6.8 Tethered Strap Accessibility for 
Non-Occupants—Any products that have a tethered strap (see 3.1.18) shall meet either 6.8.1 or 6.8.2 when tested in accordance with 7.11. 
(ii) 6.8.1 A bounded opening formed 
by tethered strap(s), alone or in conjunction with the product, shall not allow the passage of the small head probe (Figure 2 to paragraph (b)(9)(ix)) when tested in accordance with 7.11. 
(iii) 6.8.2 A bounded opening formed 
by tethered strap(s), alone or in conjunction with the product, shall allow the passage of the large head probe (Figure 3 to Paragraph (b)(9)(xii)), and the tethered strap portion of the bounded opening shall not be greater than 7.4 in. (188 mm) long when tested in accordance with 7.11. 
(6) Add section 6.9 to ASTM F3084– 
22: 
6.9 Drop Test—The rocker shall not 
create a hazardous condition as defined in section 5 when tested in accordance with 7.12. 
(7) Add sections 6.10, 6.11, and 6.12 
to ASTM F3084–22: 
(i) 6.10 Battery Compartments (remote 
control devices are exempt from these requirements): 
(ii) 6.10.1 Each battery compartment 
shall provide a means to contain the electrolytic material in the event of a battery leakage. This containment means shall not be accessible to the occupant. 
(iii) 6.10.2 Positive protection from 
the possibility of charging any primary (non-rechargeable) battery shall be achieved either through physical design of the battery compartment or through the use of appropriate electrical circuit design. This applies to situations in which a battery may be installed incorrectly (reversed), and in which a battery charger may be applied to a product containing primary batteries. This section does not apply to a circuit having one or two batteries as the only source of power. 
(iv) 6.10.3 The surfaces of any 
accessible electrical component, including batteries, shall not achieve temperatures exceeding 160 °F (71 °C) 
when tested in accordance with 7.13. At the conclusion of the test, there shall be no battery leakage or, explosion or a fire to any electrical component. This test shall be performed prior to conducting any other testing within the performance requirements section. 
(v) 6.11 Firmness—The surface of the 
rocker that supports the infants head shall displace less than 11mm (0.43 in.) for a 10N (2.25 lb.) force when tested in accordance with 7.14. 
(vi) 6.12 Concavity—The radius of 
surface of the rocker that supports the infant’s head shall be greater than 22 cm (8.66 in.) when tested in accordance with 7.15. (8) Instead of complying with section 
7.4.1.6 of ASTM F3084–22, comply with 
the following: 
7.4.1.6 Apply a static load of 21 lbf. 
(93 N) vertically downward on the stability test fixture in the location designated in Figure 15 to paragraph (b)(17) (6-in. (152.4-mm) in front of the crotch post) within a period of 5 s and maintain for an additional 60 s (Figure 9 to section 7 of ASTM F3084–22). If the stability test fixture touches the test surface and prevents the product from tipping over, retest the product near the edge of an elevated test surface to allow the product to tip. 
(9) Add section 7.11 to ASTM F3084– 
22: 
(i) 7.11 Tethered Strap Accessibility 
Testing: 
(ii) 7.11.1 Assemble the product in 
one of the manufacturer’s recommended use positions. 
(iii) 7.11.2 Adjust any strap 
underneath or behind the occupant support surface to its full-length configuration. This includes adjusting any sliding buckle and/or other hardware. 
(iv) 7.11.3 For straps that are part of 
the restraint system, unbuckle the restraint system to allow for the maximum strap length underneath or behind the occupant support surface. 
(v) 7.11.4 Where applicable, orient 
any fasteners, buckles, clips, or other hardware in the position most likely to prevent them from being pulled through any opening. 
(vi) 7.11.5 Using a 
3⁄4in. (19 mm) 
diameter clamping surface (Figure 1 to paragraph (b)(9)(vi)), gradually pull on the tethered strap from underneath or behind the occupant support surface in the most onerous direction most likely to release the strap through the opening with a force of 5 lbf. (22 N). Apply the force over a period of 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s or until the strap releases, whichever comes first. 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS173564 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
Figure 1 to Paragraph (b)(9)(vi)—A 3⁄4- 
in. (19-mm) Diameter Clamp 
Note 1 to Figure 1 to paragraph (b)(9)(vi): 
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM 
F406–22 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Cribs/Play Yards, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be obtained from ASTM International, www.astm.org. 
(vii) 7.11.5.1 If during the test 
procedure in 7.11.5, the strap remains 
does not release at a force of 5 lbf. (22 N) or less, proceed to 7.11.6. 
(viii) 7.11.5.2 If during the test 
procedure in 7.11.5, the tethered strap releases, replace the strap through the opening into its original test position described in 7.11.3 and 7.11.4. Repeat the force application in 7.11.5 four more times for a total of five times. If the strap releases during every one of the five 
individual tests, this strap is exempt from 7.11.6, 7.11.7, and 7.11.8. If the strap remains attached during any of the five force applications, proceed to 7.11.6. 
(ix) 7.11.6 Rotate the small head probe 
(Figure 2 to paragraph (b)(9)(ix)) to the 
orientation most likely to fail and gradually apply a force of 25 lb. (111 N) in the bounded opening. Apply the force perpendicular to the base of the probe in the direction most likely to fail within a period of 5 s and maintain it for an additional 10 s. 
Figure 2 to Paragraph (b)(9)(ix)—Small 
Head Test Probe 
Note 2 to Figure 2 to paragraph (b)(9)(ix): 
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM 
F406–22 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Cribs/Play Yards, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be obtained from ASTM International, www.astm.org. (x) 7.11.6.1 If the small head probe 
(Figure 2 to paragraph (b)(9)(ix)) cannot 
pass entirely through the opening in any orientation, this bounded opening passes 6.8.1. 
(xi) 7.11.6.2 If the small head probe 
(Figure 2 to paragraph (b)(9)(ix)) can pass entirely through the opening in any 
orientation, proceed to 7.11.7. 
(xii) 7.11.7 Determine if the large head 
probe (Figure 3 to paragraph (b)(9)(xii)) can be freely inserted through the bounded opening. 
Figure 3 to Paragraph (b)(9)(xii)—Large 
Head Test Probe 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1
EP26OC23.010</GPH> EP26OC23.011</GPH>ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1Dimensions are, bued OD a 5th pereentile 6-mmdb.-old dwd. 73565 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
Note 3 to Figure 3 to paragraph (b)(9)(xii): 
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM 
F406–22 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Cribs/Play Yards, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be obtained from ASTM International, www.astm.org. 
(xiii) 7.11.7.1 If the large head probe 
(Figure 3 to paragraph (b)(9)(xii)) cannot 
pass entirely through the opening in any orientation, this bounded opening fails 6.8.2. 
(xiv) 7.11.7.2 If the large head probe 
(Figure 3 to paragraph (b)(9)(xii)) can pass entirely through the opening in any orientation, proceed to 7.11.8. 
(xv) 7.11.8 Measure the available 
length of the tethered strap from its two attachment points on the product under a load of 5 lb. (2.27 kg). 
(xvi) 7.11.8.1 If the tethered strap is 
greater than 7.4 in. (188 mm), this tethered strap fails 6.8.2. 
(xvii) 7.11.8.2 If the tethered strap is 
less than or equal to 7.4 in. (188 mm), this tethered strap passes 6.8.2. 
(xviii) 7.11.9 Repeat for each bounded 
opening formed with tethered strap(s), in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions. 
(10) Add section 7.12 through 7.16 to 
ASTM F3084–22: (i) 7.12 Drop Test: 
(ii) 7.12.1 The rocker shall be dropped 
from a height of 36 in. (910 mm). 
(iii) 7.12.1.1 If the rocker does not 
fold, drop the rocker once on each of six 
different planes (top, bottom, front, rear, left side, and right side). 
(iv) 7.12.1.2 If the rocker does fold, 
drop the rocker once on each of six different planes, both in the folded and erect configurations. 
(v) 7.13 Battery Compartment Test 
(vi) 7.13.1 The battery compartment 
shall be tested using fresh alkaline 
batteries or an a/c power source. If the function powered by the compartment can be operated using both, then both batteries and a/c power must be tested separately. If another battery chemistry is specifically recommended for use in the rocker by the manufacturer, repeat the test using the batteries specified by the manufacturer. If the rocker will not operate using alkaline batteries, then test with the type of battery 
recommended by the manufacturer at the specified voltage. The test is to be carried out in a draft-free location, at an ambient temperature of 68 ± 9 °F (20 ± 
5 °C). 
(vii) 7.13.1.1 Operate the function 
powered by the battery compartment at the maximum speed or highest intensity. Do not disable any mechanical or electrical protective device, such as clutches or fuses. Operate the function powered by the battery compartment continuously, and record peak temperature. The test shall be discontinued 60 min after the peak temperature is recorded. If the function shuts off automatically or must be kept ‘‘on’’ by hand or foot, monitor temperatures for 30 s, resetting the function as many times as necessary to complete the 30 s of operation. If the function shuts off automatically after an operating time of greater than 30 s, continue the test until the function shuts off. 
(viii) 7.14 Firmness Test 
(ix) 7.14.1 Hand-Held Firmness Test 
Device: 
(x) 7.14.1.1 The test device (Figure 4 
to paragraph (b)(10)(x)) shall consist of 
a 7.5 cm (2.95 in.) diameter hemisphere (made of a rigid material such as wood, metal, or plastic) attached to a compression force gauge with a range of 0 to 50 N; ±0.2% accuracy and a depth gauge with sufficient travel to measure displacement of the hemisphere relative to the footprint ring. 
BILLING CODE 6355–01–P 
Figure 4 to Paragraph (b)(10)(x)—Hand- Held Firmness Test Device 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1
EP26OC23.012</GPH>ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1MANDI.II 
-of--1. r LODI. 
(25fflffl) T 
SlOl!I/JiW 
a.om DIA 
{200mm) 
QIOVIEW 
1-ot!-------t.OIN. OXA,-----..i 
(230mm) 
The 9.0 in. diamerer·L• !\ased on tile oock-0f•hrod to tip,of•cl!in dimension for a 971h petrenti!e §.year•old. 73566 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
(xi) 7.14.2 Test Point Location. 
(xii) 7.14.2.1 Place the Hinged Weight 
Gauge-Infant in the rocker with the 
hinged edge into the seat bight. 
(xiii) 7.14.2.2 Mark a line on the seat 
back 4 in. (10.2 cm) from the top of the gauge (Figure 5 to paragraph (b)(10)(xiii)). 
Figure 5 to Paragraph (b)(10)(xiii)— 
Location of Head Support Line 
(xiv) 7.14.2.3 Remove the hinged 
weight gauge and mark the test points at the center line and 8 in. (20.3 cm) to the either side of the center line (Figure 6 to paragraph (b)(10)(xiv)). 
Figure 6 to Paragraph (b)(10)(xiv)—Test 
Point Location 
(xv) 7.14.3 Position the Hand-Held 
Test Device (Figure 4 to paragraph (b)(10)(x)) on a test location, with the footprint ring of the fixture centered on the location. 
(xvi) 7.14.4 Apply a 10N (2.25 lb.) 
force for at least 30 seconds and record the peak deflection. The product meets the requirements if the deflection is less than 11 mm (0.43 in.). 
(xvii) 7.14.5 Repeat the test on the 
remaining location. 
(xviii) 7.15 Concavity Measurement 
(xiv) 7.15.1 Configure the rocker with 
the Hinged Weight Gauge-Infant 
installed and locate the head support line as shown in Figure 7 to paragraph (b)(10)(xiv). 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1
EP26OC23.013</GPH> EP26OC23.014</GPH> EP26OC23.015</GPH>ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1Depth gauge 
lineaT bearing 
dia. aluminum: 
footprint ring Depth sause 
Mounting p1ate 
withhahdles 
linear. bedfin$. 
7;$:CJTI"dja. 
Hemispher.tft prot;e: 
8.5·atrlnn~·di8~ 
aluminum footprint· 
ring 
Example of test device using a commercially 
available force gauge, depth gauge and linear 
bearing. The hemisphere probe, mounting 
plate and aluminum footprint ring are 
Schematic of the firmness test device fabricated to accommodate gauges. 
(Fabrication drawings in Appendix B, 
Handheld Firmness Tester Details in Seated 
Product Characterization and Testing report). 
I 
8!.ryiti_,~ 73567 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
Figure 7 to Paragraph (b)(10)(xiv)— 
Width L Measurement 
(xx) 17.15.2 Measure the width L, 
along the head support line and the 
interior of the side supports as shown in Figure 7 to paragraph (b)(10)(xiv). 
(xxi) 7.15.3 Place a rigid bar between 
the side support and over the head 
support line. Measure the maximum vertical distance d, from the bottom of the bar to the hinged weight gauge (Figure 8 to paragraph (b)(10)(xxi)). Calculate the depth D by adding the thickness of the Hinged Weight Gauge- Infant to the vertical distance from the bottom of the bar to the top of the Hinged Weight Gauge-Infant. 
Figure 8 to Paragraph (b)(10)(xxi)— 
Depth D = d + Thickness of the Gauge 
(xxii) 7.15.4 Using the equation 
shown in Figure 9 to this paragraph 
(b)(10)(xxii), calculate the concavity r by inputting the width L and depth D into the equation below. r values greater than 22 cm (8.66 in.) meet the concavity requirement. 
Figure 9 to Paragraph (b)(10)(xxii)— 
Concavity Equation 
(The larger the radius, the flatter the 
product, and vice versa). (xxiii) 7.16 Warning Label Visibility 
Test: 
(xxiv) 7.16.1 Place rocker on the floor. 
(xxv) 7.16.2 Place and secure the 
Newborn CAMI dummy (Figure 2 to 
section 2 of ASTM F3084–22) in the rocker. 
(xxvi) 7.16.3 Visibility Tests with and 
Without Accessories and Toy Bars: 
(xxvii) 7.16.3.1 Visibility with CAMI 
Dummy Restrained in Seat—Place the CAMI Newborn Dummy in the product with the restraint system engaged according to the manufacturer’s instructions. While standing in front of the product with the Newborn CAMI 
dummy installed, verify that the required warnings are visible and placed above an imaginary horizontal line that crosses through the junctions of under arm and side of the torso armpits on both left and right sides and not obscured by any part of the dummy (Figure 10 to paragraph (b)(10)(xxvii)). 
Figure 10 to Paragraph (b)(10)(xxvii)— 
Allowable Area for Warning Label Placement Starts From the Dotted Line That Crosses the Junctions of Underarm and Both Sides of the Torso 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1
EP26OC23.016</GPH> EP26OC23.017</GPH> EP26OC23.018</GPH>ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1-----L-----
llead Support line 
. Minsed Weight Gause•lnfanl 73568 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
Note 4 to Figure 10 to paragraph 
(b)(10)(xxvii): The placement of the warnings 
is only applicable to the English language 
portions of the warning label. 
(xxviii) 7.16.3.2 Visibility with 
Accessories (Excluding Toy Bars)— Rockers that include any accessory(ies) that could potentially obscure the warnings shall comply with visibility requirements of 7.16 both with such accessory(ies) in place (in all configurations and combinations) and with the accessory(ies) removed. 
(xxix) 7.16.3.3 Visibility with Toy 
Bar—If any part of the required warnings is obscured by a toy bar or its 
attached toys but is visible with a shift of the observer’s head position, then this is considered acceptable. 
(11) Remove section 8.6.7, with Figure 
14 and Figure 15 in ASTM F3084–22, from ASTM F3084–22. 
(12) Add section 8.6.8 to ASTM 
F3084–22: 
8.6.8 Warning Location—The 
applicable warnings as specified in 8.7 shall be on the front surface of the rocker seat back so as to comply with the visibility requirements in 7.16. (13) Instead of complying with section 
8.7.1 of ASTM F3084–22, comply with 
the following: 
Warning Statements—Each product 
shall have warning statements. The text must address the warnings as shown in Figure 11 to paragraph (b)(13). 
Note 5 to paragraphs 13, 14, and 15: 
‘‘Address’’ means that verbiage other than 
what is shown can be used as long as the meaning is the same or information that is product-specific is presented. 
Figure 11 to Paragraph (b)(13) 
(14) Instead of complying with section 
8.7.2 of ASTM F3084–22, comply with 
the following: Warning Statements—Each product 
shall have warning statements. The text must address the warnings as shown in 
Figure 12 to paragraph (b)(14): 
Figure 12 to Paragraph (b)(14) 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1
EP26OC23.019</GPH> EP26OC23.020</GPH>ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1SUFFOCATION& ASl'ffl'll!A HAZAIID: Using-pmdoo; Ii>< SLEEP. 
NAPS . .,.,,,.. SOFT SURFACES CM KILL 
---~locsleep_ 
Sl&j'..,,... __ balt,;;'<lurir!Quse. lfbsi:>y-asleep. """"'""bsl,,yss 
soonm--amplaoellOi!:,y on a n,m, 1ats1eep....--,.,,,., 
-orii, «--. For-mn~.""'1Suila __ _ 
• AlWAYS...,.."'5!rainls.l•dj,sU1>il snugly. 
• NBIER"""analalsara......,....-clherSllftl........_911iiiirs._ ---llpped-,ansaltSUJfal:n, 
•NBIIER-!IClll-.arfl8!kllirlg. 
FAll.HAZARlk911iiiirsllnesulfe<ed head ~FAI..UIGFRIJIIII 
ROCIIERS. 
• NEVERlill.arC11111Yballt'in""""8r. lRocka!iwilha.lladl!OOiElll!ndeoilfar 
...... 1o111sm-,adlildan,......,iptm:mfndlldliov...,.wmlin9 ~I 
• 51t1Pom,g~-htiby-tryingtod"1"•'- ......... {in,ii!rt """""8dlll•--- ............ ""'illN-••-2DIIII, ----• ALIIIAYSplaoemdoaranlllar.NEIIERusemq...........,!llld!lm. 73569 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
(15) Instead of complying with section 
8.7.3 of ASTM F3084–22, comply with 
the following: 
(i) Warning Statements—Each 
product shall have warning statements. The text must address the warnings as 
shown in Figure 13 to paragraph (b)(15)(ii) or Figure 14 to paragraph (b)(15)(ii): (ii) 8.7.3 Infant/toddler Rockers with 
Shoulder Straps as Part of the Restraint System may use either 8.7.3.1 or 8.7.3.2. 
Figure 13 to Paragraph (b)(15)(ii) 
Figure 14 to Paragraph (b)(15)(ii) 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1
EP26OC23.021</GPH> EP26OC23.022</GPH>ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1SUFFOCATION & ASPHYXIA HAZARD: Using !his product for SLEEP. 
NAPS. or oo SOFT SURFACES CAN KILL 
NEVER USE !his product for sle~:t 
• stay ffl!<l< end watcl> baby during use. !f babyfalls asleep. """'°"" baby as 
soon as possibie end plaoe baby on a lirm, lie! sleep :surface sum as a 
be<\I> rob or !Jassinet 
For -babies born !lff!mafurely. consult a doclor before use. 
ALWAYS use res!raints un1i! child is abie m climb;,, end oul of prooud 
unassisted. ~ to fil snug!~. 
• NB/ER USE 00 a bed. sofu. rus!iloo Qr olher soil; 5'.lliaoe. Babies hsMa, 
sulfocaled 'Ihlen seats tipped weronsolt surfaces. 
NB/ER add soft bedding "'"padl:ling. 
FALL HAZARD: Bailie,; haw! sullered head injllfiies FAll.lNG FROM 
ROCKERS. 
• NEVER liff or <:any baby in roc!<Er. j_R°""""" with a handle{s) iniended far 
use to !iii arn:! csny "mild sre """"'!'f fr=~-~ 
Si1B!Emen!.J 
SIOP """111 prooucl vmen baby has~ fmsefl menL!ilaclura!'s 
rao,;;mmern:led meoomum M!igl,l ool !oe:oeed 40 lb}. 
The uprjght posilion is only for cilildren li\t10 hsve develope<l enoogh upper 
oo:ly ooolrol lo sit up ...-tipping fomaro. 
• ALWAYSplaoe""""9ronlloor.NEVERueeooaeyelevaledsurfece. 
SUFFOCATION & ASPHYXIA HAZAtm: Using this product li:!f SLEEP. 
NAPS. oron SOFT SURFACES CAN KILL 
• NEVER use this product for sk!Ep. 
• Slay near and watch baby di.Iring w.e. If baby flllls asleep; -baby as 
soon as possible and place baby on a fifrn, ffsl sleep SUlfaoe such as a 
bare crib or bassinet 
• For babies born prernatun!fy, COfl5lllt 8 doctor before use. 
• ALWAYS use restraints. l\dju5t to fit snugly. 
• NEVER w.e on a bed. sofa, ooshioo or olhi!r soft surface. Babies have 
su1Jocab!d when seats tipped over oo soft surfaces. 
• NEVER add soft bedding or padding. 
FALL HAZARD: Babies have suffered head irjuries FALL.ING FROM 
ROCKERS. 
• NEVER lift or c,my baby in rod.a-. l:Roc:lcera willl a handle(s) intef1ded for 
use to lilt and cany a child are exempt from inducting this warning 
slsh!menl.) 
• STOP using product when baby has reachedfmsert manufaclurl!l"s 
re.coomern:led ma><imum weight not in exceed 40 lb}. 
• The upjghl: position is only for children who have developed enough upper 
body oontrol lo sit up wilhout tipping fonwrd. 
• ALWAYS place rocker on floor. NEVER use on any eiev.aied surface. 73570 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
(16) In addition to complying with 
section 8.8 of ASTM F3084–22, comply 
with the following: 
8.8 Manufacturers may present the 
SUFFOCATION & ASPHYXIA HAZARD and FALL HAZARD warning information on separate labels. If presented separately, both labels shall still meet the requirements set forth in 
sections 7.16 and 8.6. 
(17) Instead of complying with section 
X1.2 of ASTM F3084–22, comply with the following: 
X1.2 Subsection 6.3.1.1—The forward 
stability test is required if the rocker is to be used after a child can sit up unassisted due to incident data showing injuries because of occupants leaning forward between the ages of 6 and 9 months. 
(18) Replace Figure 8 in ASTM 
F3084–22 with the following: 
Figure 15 to Paragraph (b)(18)— 
Forward Stability Test Fixture 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 9990 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1
EP26OC23.023</GPH> EP26OC23.024</GPH>ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1SUFFOCATION & ASPHYXIA HAZA.RO: Using lhis ,product lief SLEEP. 
NAPS:, or on SOFT SURFACES CAN KILL 
NEVER use !his ,produet !bf sleep. 
Slay near and wstcn baby durmig use. If babyfallls asleep, remclll'l!'bebjr 119 
SIIXM'I ss possible and ,place baby on a lirm, lie! sleep surface such as e 
bare crib or bassinet. 
• For 'babies born premsl!.Jn!,ly., consult a doclor before il!ile. 
• ALWAYS use reslrairrts Ul!liil dhifd is, Bbl!! to climb in and out ofll'le,produet u~d Adjust to fit snugly. 
NEVER ill5e m e be¢, sofa, w!ihion or other Sl0ff 5'111'face. Babies ha'ile 
.!IIJilfocsled Mien seats lipped over •on soft surfaces. 
NEVER add soft :bedding or pedtlling. 
FALL HAZARD: Babies have suffered heed ir'jjuries FALLING FROM 
ROCKERS. 
NEVER liftorCBrrybeby in rocl,;sr, [Roclcers wiha hancllei{s) intended for 
use to lift end carry e d'iib:I are exempt from induding lhi!s wsming 
!!ilail!menl.j 
STOP using .,product vmen baby has •11!19llhed [mseri manufal:lull!l's 
reccmmended maximum 'Weigllll 1!01 lo emeed 40 Ill}. 
The upright pasillion is only for d!ilclren 'MIO 119\Je devekl,ped enqh, •upf]er 
body oonlrol ID sit up without tlpping· forward. 
ALWAYS piece rocker on loor. NEVER me 01'1 any ele'<lllled .SIUrl'aca 
Fro!l{Vfllw -----­................ ..,.ltn 73571 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 206 / Thursday, October 26, 2023 / Proposed Rules 
Note 6 to Figure 15 to paragraph (b)(18): 
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM 
F2167–22 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant Bouncer Seats, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be obtained from ASTM International, www.astm.org. 
Sarah Bock, 
Paralegal Specialist, Consumer Product 
Safety Commission. 
[FR Doc. 2023–23322 Filed 10–25–23; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 6355–01–C 
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
AGENCY 
40 CFR Part 180 
[EPA–HQ–OPP–2023–0069; FRL–10579–09– 
OCSPP] 
Receipt of a Pesticide Petition Filed for 
Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various Commodities; September 2023 
AGENCY : Environmental Protection 
Agency (EPA). 
ACTION : Notice of filing of petition and 
request for comment. 
SUMMARY : This document announces the 
Agency’s receipt of an initial filing of a pesticide petition requesting the establishment or modification of regulations for residues of pesticide chemicals in or on various commodities. 
DATES : Comments must be received on 
or before November 27, 2023. 
ADDRESSES : Submit your comments, 
identified by docket identification (ID) number EPA–HQ–OPP–2023–0069, through the Federal eRulemaking Portal at https://www.regulations.gov. Follow 
the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Additional instructions on commenting and visiting the docket, along with more information about dockets generally, is available at https://www.epa.gov/dockets. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : 
Charles Smith, Registration Division (RD) (7505T), main telephone number: (202) 566–2427, email address: RDFRNotices@epa.gov. The mailing 
address for each contact person is Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460–0001. As part of the mailing address, include the contact person’s name, division, and mail code. The division to contact is listed at the end of each application summary. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : 
I. General Information 
A. Does this action apply to me? 
You may be potentially affected by 
this action if you are an agricultural 
producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide to help readers determine whether this document applies to them. Potentially affected entities may include: 
•Crop production (NAICS code 111). 
•Animal production (NAICS code 
112). 
•Food manufacturing (NAICS code 
311). 
•Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS 
code 32532). 
B. What should I consider as I prepare 
my comments for EPA? 
1. Submitting CBI. Do not submit CBI 
to EPA through https://www.regulations.gov or email. If you 
wish to include CBI in your comment, please follow the applicable instructions at https://www.epa.gov/dockets/ 
commenting-epa-dockets#rules and 
clearly mark the part or all of the information that you claim to be CBI. In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public docket. Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. 
2. Tips for preparing your comments. 
When preparing and submitting your comments, see the commenting tips at https://www.epa.gov/dockets/ comments.html. 
3. Environmental justice. EPA seeks to 
achieve environmental justice, the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of any group, including minority and/or low-income populations, in the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. To help address potential environmental justice issues, the Agency seeks information on any groups or segments of the population who, as a result of their location, cultural practices, or other factors, may have atypical or disproportionately high and adverse human health impacts or environmental effects from exposure to the pesticides discussed in this document, compared 
to the general population. 
II. What action is the Agency taking? 
EPA is announcing receipt of a 
pesticide petition filed under section 
408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 346a, requesting the establishment or modification of regulations in 40 CFR part 180 for residues of pesticide chemicals in or on various food commodities. The Agency is taking public comment on the request before responding to the petitioner. EPA is not proposing any particular action at this time. EPA has determined that the pesticide petition described in this document contains data or information prescribed in FFDCA section 408(d)(2), 21 U.S.C. 346a(d)(2); however, EPA has not fully evaluated the sufficiency of the submitted data at this time or whether the data supports granting of the pesticide petition. After considering the public comments, EPA intends to evaluate whether and what action may be warranted. Additional data may be 
needed before EPA can make a final determination on this pesticide petition. 
Pursuant to 40 CFR 180.7(f), a 
summary of the petition that is the subject of this document, prepared by the petitioner, is included in a docket EPA has created for this rulemaking. The docket for this petition is available at https://www.regulations.gov. 
As specified in FFDCA section 
408(d)(3), 21 U.S.C. 346a(d)(3), EPA is publishing notice of the petition so that the public has an opportunity to comment on this request for the establishment or modification of regulations for residues of pesticides in or on food commodities. Further information on the petition may be obtained through the petition summary referenced in this unit. 
A. Amended Tolerances for Non-Inerts 
1. PP 3E9061. EPA–HQ–OPP–2023– 
0258. Interregional Research Project 
Number 4 (IR–4), IR–4 Project Headquarters, North Carolina State University, 1730 Varsity Drive, Venture IV, Suite 210, Raleigh, NC 27606, requests to amend 40 CFR 180.629, upon the approval of the requested tolerances, by removing the established tolerances for residues of the fungicide flutriafol, including its metabolites and degradates in or on the following commodities: Brassica, head and stem (subgroup 5A) at 1.5 parts per million (ppm); brassica, leafy greens (subgroup 5B) at 7.0 ppm; cotton, undelinted seed at 0.50 ppm; fruit, pome group 11–09 at 0.40 ppm; fruit stone, group 12–10 at 1.5 ppm; and vegetable, leafy, except 
VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:33 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 262001 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26OCP1.SGM 26OCP1ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with PROPOSALS1