WT/REG455/1  
26 April 2023 
(23-2077) Page: 1/43 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements    
 
FACTUAL PRESENTATION  
PARTNERSHIP, TRADE AND COOPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE  
UNITED KINGDOM AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA  
(GOODS AND SERVICES ) 
Report by the Secretariat  
This report, prepared for the consideration of the  Partnership, Trade and Cooperation 
Agreement between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Serbia , has been drawn up 
by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility and in full consultation with the Parties. 
The factual presentation reproduces as closel y as possible the terminology used in the 
Agreement and in the comments provided and does not imply official endorsement or 
acceptance by the Secretariat of such terminology. The report has been drawn up in 
accordance with the rules and procedures containe d in the Decision for a Transparency 
Mechanism for Regional Trade Agreements (WT/L/671) and thus does not imply any 
value judgement by the Secretariat regarding the contents of the Agreement.  
Any technical questions arising from this report may be addresse d to Alberto Osnago 
(tel: +41 22 739 6969) . Any statistical questions arising from this report may be 
addressed to Rowena Cabos (tel: +41 22 739 5185) . 
 
 
  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  Table of Contents  
 
1   TRADE ENVIRONMENT  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
1.1   Merchandise trade  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 4 
1.2   Trade in services and investment  ................................ ................................ ..................  6 
2   CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ ......................  9 
2.1   Background information  ................................ ................................ ...............................  9 
3   PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  ................................ ................................ ...........  11 
3.1   Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions ................................ .................. 12 
3.1.1    General provisions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...12 
3.1.2    Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  ................................ ................................ ......... 12 
3.1.3    Liberalization schedule  ................................ ................................ ............................. 12 
3.1.3.1    United Kingdom  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....12 
3.1.3.2   Serbia  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 14 
3.1.4    Tariff rate quotas  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....15 
3.2   Rules of origin  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 16 
3.3   Export duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  ................................ .................. 17 
3.4   Regulatory provisions on trade in goods  ................................ ................................ ........ 17 
3.4.1    Standards  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 17 
3.4.1.1    Sanitary and phytosanitary measures  ................................ ................................ ......17 
3.4.1.2    Technical barriers to trade  ................................ ................................ ..................... 17 
3.4.2    Safeguard mechanisms  ................................ ................................ ............................ 17 
3.4.2.1    Global safeguards  ................................ ................................ ................................ .17 
3.4.2.2    Bilateral safeguards  ................................ ................................ ............................... 17 
3.4.2.3    Special safeguards  ................................ ................................ ................................ 18 
3.4.3    Anti-dumping and countervailing measures  ................................ ................................ .18 
3.4.4    Subsidies and state -aid ................................ ................................ ............................ 18 
3.4.5    Customs -related procedures ................................ ................................ ...................... 19 
3.5   Sector -specific provisions  on trade in goods  ................................ ................................ ...19 
4   PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN SERVICES  ................................ ................................ ....... 20 
4.1   Scope and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..20 
4.2   Denial of benefits  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......20 
4.3   General provisions on trade in services  ................................ ................................ ......... 20 
4.3.1    Market access  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 20 
4.3.2    National treatment and MFN  ................................ ................................ ...................... 20 
4.3.3    Cross -border trade in services  ................................ ................................ ................... 21 
4.3.4    Establishment  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 21 
4.3.5    Movement of natural persons  ................................ ................................ .................... 21 
4.4   Liberalization commitments  ................................ ................................ ......................... 22 
4.4.1    United Kingdom  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......22 
4.4.1.1    MFN and horizontal commitments  ................................ ................................ ........... 22 WT/REG455/1  
 
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  4.4.1.2    Sector specific commitments  ................................ ................................ .................. 22 
4.4.2    Serbia  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 27 
4.4.2.1    MFN and horizontal commitments  ................................ ................................ ........... 27 
4.4.2.2    Sector specific commitments  ................................ ................................ .................. 27 
4.5   Regulatory provisions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..28 
4.5.1    Domestic regulation  ................................ ................................ ................................ .28 
4.5.2    Recognition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 29 
4.5.3    Subsidies  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 29 
4.5.4    Safeguards  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 29 
4.6   Sector specific provisions on trade in services  ................................ ................................ 29 
4.6.1    Financial services  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....29 
4.6.2    Transport services  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...29 
5   GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ .............................  30 
5.1   Transparency  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 30 
5.2   Current payments and capital movements  ................................ ................................ .....30 
5.3   Exceptions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 30 
5.4   Accession and withdrawal  ................................ ................................ ............................ 30 
5.5   Institutional framework  ................................ ................................ ............................... 31 
5.6   Dispute settlement  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....31 
5.7   Relationship with other agreements concluded by the parties  ................................ ........... 32 
5.8   Government procurement  ................................ ................................ ............................ 34 
5.9   Intellectual property rights  ................................ ................................ .......................... 34 
5.10   Competition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 35 
5.11   Environment  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 35 
5.12   Labour  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 35 
5.13   Electronic commerce  ................................ ................................ ................................ .36 
5.14   Small and medium -sized enterprises  ................................ ................................ ........... 36 
ANNEX 1  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  37 
ANNEX 2  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  41 
 
  WT/REG455/1  
 
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Key Facts  
 
Parties to the Agreement:  United Kingdom and Serbia  
 
Date of Signature:    16 April 2021  
 
Date of Entry into Force:  20 May 2021  
 
Date of Notification:   18 May 2021  
 
Full implementation:    20 May  2021  
 
 
This factual presentation describes the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the 
United Kingdom and the Republic of Serbia (hereafter "the Agreement"). It incorporates and modifies 
the Stabilization and Association Agreement between the EU and Serbia (hereinafter  EU-Serbia  
Agreement ) which was considered by the Committee on Regional Trade Agreements (CRTA) on  28 
June 2011, for the goods part,  and 23 September 2014, for the services part, on the basis of a 
factual presentation prepared by the WTO Secretariat  which should be read in conjunction with this 
factual presentation .1 
 
 
1  TRADE ENVIRONMENT  
1.1.  The Agreement is one of 38 RTAs in force notified to the WTO by the United Kingdom and one 
of 8 RTAs for Serbia . 
1.1  Merchandise trade  
1.2.  In 2020, the UK recorded a global merchandise trade deficit with exports of USD 403.9 billion 
and imports of USD 632.6 billion ( Chart 1.1).2 In the same period, Serbia's global merchandise trade 
balance was also negative with exports totalling USD 19.5 billion and imports equal to USD 26.2 
billion.3 In 2021, Serbia was the 50th largest global exporter and the 44th largest global importer of 
merchandise (respectively 0.1% of world exports and 0.2% of world imports), while the UK was the 
10th largest exporter and the 6th largest importer (respectively 2.3% of world exports and 3.6% of 
global imports).4 Both Parties'  trade is dominated by manufactured products which made up 68.5% 
and 6 5.7% of Serbia's merchandise exports and imports respectively, and 68.4% and 6 3.7% of 
exports and imports respectively for the UK.  
1.3.  Serbia was the UK's 53rd largest source of imports (0. 05% of UK's total imports) and 56th 
largest destination for exports ( 0.06% of UK's total exports), while the UK was Serbia's 9th largest 
source of imports and export destination ( 1.7% of total imports and 1% of exports).5 The bilateral 
trade balance betwee n the Parties was in favour of Serbia for the period 2018 -2020 (Chart 1.1).  
 
1 See documents WT/REG285/1 , WT/REG285/1/Corr.1 and WT/REG285/ 3/Rev.1.  
2 Data submitted by UK authorities.  
3 Data from UNSD, Comtrade database.  
4 WTO Trade Profiles 2021. Data exclude intra -EU trade . 
5 Data provided by UK authorities and UNSD Comtrade. Data exclude intra -EU trade.  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  Chart 1.1 UK-Serbia:  Merchandise bilateral and global trade, 2018 -2020  
 
Note:  Exchange rates used  from GBP to USD: 0.75 (2018), 0.78 (2019),  0.78 (2020).  
Source:  Based on data provided by the UK authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
1.4.   The commodity structure of the global and bilatera l trade of the Parties in the period 2018 -
2020 is shown in Chart 1.2 on the basis of Harmonized System (HS) sections. Of Serbia's largest 
exports (machinery, base metals and vegetables) the UK mainly imported  machinery ( 34% of 
bilateral imports ) and vegetables ( 12%), with plastics accounting for 25% of its imports from Ser bia. 
The main imports of Serbia from the UK were chemicals (24% of bilateral imports), machinery (21%) 
and vehicles (13%) which were also the UK's main global exports. The UK's main global imports 
were machinery (21% of global imports), optical equipment ( 12%) and precious stones (12%) , while 
those of Serbia  were machinery (19% of global imports), minerals (12%), chemicals and base metals 
(10% each).  
0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0
0102030405060
2018 2019 2020B. Serbia
(USD B illions)
Imports from United Kingdom (Right Axis)
Exports to United Kingdom (Right Axis)
Total Imports
Total Exports
0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0
0100200300400500600700800
2018 2019 2020A. United Kingdom
(USD Billions)
Imports from Serbia (Right Axis)
Exports to Serbia (Right Axis)
Total Imports
Total ExportsWT/REG455/1  
 
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  Chart 1.2 UK-Serbia:  Product composition of merchandise trade by HS Section, annual 
average (2018 -2020)  
 
Source:  Based on data provided by the UK authorities and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
1.2  Trade in services and investment  
1.5.  In 202 1 and excluding intra -EU trade, the UK was the world's 3rd largest exporter of commercial 
services and 4th largest importer while Serbia was the world's 36th largest exporter and 47th importer. 
The UK 's shares in global commercial services trade were 6.9% of exports (valued at USD 415 
billion) and 4. 3% of imports (valued at USD 238 billion) while Serbia's corresponding shares were 
0.15% of global commercial  services exports (valued at USD 9 billion) and 0.13% of world 
commercial services imports (valued  at USD 7 billion).  
1.6.  Chart 1.3 depicts the Parties global and bilateral trade in commercial services for the period 
2018-2020. Both Parties registered a relatively constant global trade surplus over the period. Data 
provided by the UK shows a negative bilateral trade balance with Serbia in 2018 and a positive 
balance afterward. Data provided by Serbia, instead, shows a positive but declining trade surplus 
for Serbia in the period.  
9
14
10
5
211527UK's Global Exports (%)
12
6
25
53419UK's imports from Serbia (%)
5
8
9
5
12
5211222UK's Global Imports (%)
12
10
7
10
19734Serbia's Global Imports (%)
24
9
5
211329Serbia's imports from UK (%)
9
8
6
10
5
1322621 Serbia's Global Exports (%)Total: USD 333 million Total: USD 667 billion
Total: USD 26 millionTotal: USD 453 billion
Total:  USD 19 billion Total: USD 275 million
Other MineralsPrepared foodsVegetables
TextilesPlasticsChemicals
MachineryBase metalsPrecious stones
OpticalVehiclesWT/REG455/1  
 
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  Chart 1.3 UK-Serbia:  Global and bilateral trade in commercial services, 2018 -2020  
 
Note:  Exchange rates from EUR to USD: 0.85 (2018), 0.89 (2019),  0.88 (2020); exchange rates from GBP 
to USD: 0.75 (2018),  0.78 (2019), 0.78 (2020).  
Source:  UK and Se rbian authorities.   
 
1.7.  Chart 1.4 shows th e Parties' trade in commercial services by services category in 2018 -2020. 
The largest imports of the UK were other business services, travel and transport services while the 
largest exports were other business services, financial services and travel servi ces. The largest 
imports of Serbia were travel, transportation, and other business services while the largest exports 
were other business services, telecommunication services , travel  and transport services.  
050100150200250300350400450
2018 2019 2020
Import Export Trade balance0123456789
2018 2019 2020Serbia global trade in services
2018 -2020
(USD Billions)UK global trade in services
2018 -2020
(USD Billions)
0100200300400500600700800
2018 2019 2020Serbia bilateral trade in services with UK
2018 -2020
(USD Millions)
-100-50050100150200
2018 2019 2020UK bilateral trade in services with Serbia
2018 -2020
(USD Millions)WT/REG455/1  
 
- 8 - 
 
  Chart 1.4 UK-Serbia: commercial services trade with world by category (average 2018 -
2020)  
 
Source:  UK and Serbian authorities.  
 
1.8.  Chart 1.5 and Chart 1.6 depict the Parties' global foreign direct investment stocks and flows 
for the period 2018 -2020. The UK was a net recipient of FDI stocks in 2018 and 2020 and  of flows 
throughout the period  and Serbia was a net recipient throughout the period . At a bilateral level, data 
provided by the UK shows an increase in outward stocks to Serbia. Data provided by Serbia shows 
that inward stocks from the UK are larger than outward stock to the UK in 2018 and 2019; FDI 
inward flows from the UK were positive in 2018 and 2020 and negative in 2019 while negative 
outward flows to the UK became positive in 2020.  
Chart 1.5 UK: FDI  stock and flow with the world, 2018 -2020  
 
Note:  Exchange rates from GBP to USD: 0.75 (2018),  0.78 (2019), 0.78 (2020).  
Source:  UK authorities.  
0 50 100 150Manufacturing servicesMaintenance and repairConstructionInsurance and pensionPersonalTelecom & ICTIntellectual propertyFinancialTransportationTravelOther business servicesUnited Kingdom
(USD Billions)
Import Export0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Manufacturing services…Insurance and pension…Personal, cultural, and…Maintenance and repair…Financial servicesConstructionCharges for the use of…Telecommunications,…Other business servicesTransportTravelSerbia
(USD Billions)
Import Export
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000
2018 2019 2020
Inward Outward-80-60-40-20020406080100
2018 2019 2020UK FDI flow with world
2018 -2020
(USD Billion)UK FDI stock with world
2018 -2020
(USD Billion)WT/REG455/1  
 
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  Chart 1.6 Serbia: FDI  stock and flow with the world, 2018 -2020  
 
Note:  Exchange rates from EUR to USD: 0.85 (2018), 0.89 (2019),  0.88 (2020) . 
Source:  Serbian authorities.  
 
2  CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT  
2.1  Background information  
2.1.  The Agreement was signed on 16 April 20 21 and was notified to the WTO on 18 May 2021 
under Article XXIV:7(a) of GATT 1994 and Article V:7(a) of the GATS (see documents 
WT/REG455/N/1 – S/C/N/1056). It entered into force on 20 May 2021.6 
2.2.  The text of the Agreement, together with its annexes, is a vailable on the following official 
websites:  
United Kingdom: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ukserbia -partnership -trade -and-
cooperation -agreement -cs-serbia -no12021   
 
Serbia: http://www.pravno -informacioni -
sistem.rs/SlGlasnikPortal/eli/rep/mu/skupstina/zakon/2021/13/1/reg   
 
2.3.  The Agreement is composed of 12 articles, three annexes and a Joint Declaration. It follows 
the short form approach, which incorporates, by reference, the relevant provisions  of the EU -Serbia 
Agreement with necessary modifications. The modifications are set out in Annexes I, II, and III 
(Article 3). The obligations in some of the Joint Declarations made by the Parties in relation to the 
EU-Serbia Agreement also apply while oth er Joint Declarations have been replaced or introduced as 
set out in Annex I to the Agreement . Table 2.1 lists the titles, chapters, annexes, protocols and joint 
declarations of the EU -Serbia Agreement and t he modifications  under the Agreement . 
Table 2.1 Structure of the EU -Serbia Agreement and modifications made in  the UK -
Serbia Agreement  
Structure of the EU -Serbia Agreement  Modifications  
Title I  General principles  Articles 1 -6 
Article 8 replaced  
Title II  Political dialogue  Articles 10 -13 
 
6 The UK clarified that 20 May 2021 is the date of provisional application  and 15 July 2021 is the date of 
the full entry into force  of the Agreement.  
Inward Outward0102030405060
2018 2019 2020Serbia FDI stock with world
2018 -2020 
(USD Billion )
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
2018 2019 2020Serbia FDI flow with world
2018 -2020
(USD B illion ) WT/REG455/1  
 
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  Structure of the EU -Serbia Agreement  Modifications  
Title I II Regional  cooperation  Article 14  
Articles 15 (Cooperation with other 
countries having signed a Stabilisation and 
Association Agreement) and 17 
(Cooperation with other countries candidate 
for EU accession not concerned by the Sap) 
are not incorporated  
Title I V Free movement of goods  Article 18  
 Chapter I  Industrial products  Article 19  (Definition)  
 Chapter II  Agriculture and fisheries  Article 26 (Community concessions on 
imports of agricultural products originating 
in Serbia), Article 31  (Review clause)  
 Chapter III  Common provisions  Articles 39  (Customs unions, free trade 
areas, cross -border arrangements)  and 46 
(Failure to provide administrative 
cooperation)  
Article 48 is not incorporated  
Title V Movement of workers, establishment, 
supply of services, movement of capital   
 Chapter I  Movement of workers  Articles 50 and 51  
 Chapter II  Establishment  Articles 53 and 55  
 Chapter III  Supply of services  Articles 59 -61 
 Chapter IV  Current payments and movement of capital  Article 64  is not incorporated  
 Chapter V  General provisions  Articles 68 A and 71 A added  
Title V I Approximation of laws, law enforcement 
and competition rules  Article  73 (Competition and other economic 
provisions)  
Article  74 (Public undertakings)   
Articles  72 is not incorporated  
Article  75 (Intellectual, industrial and 
commercial property), 76 (Public 
procurement), 77 ( Standardization , 
metrology, accreditation and conformity 
assessment) and 78 (Consumer protection)  
Article  79 (Working conditions and equal 
opportunities)  is not incorpora ted 
Title VI I Justice, freedom and security  Articles 82 (Visa, border management, 
asylum and migration), 84 (Money 
laundering and financing of terrorism) and 
85 (Cooperation on illicit drugs)  
Article s 81 (Protection of personal data)  and 
83 (Prevention and control of illegal 
immigration; readmission) replaced  
Title VIII  Cooperation policies  Articles 88, 89 (Economic and trade policy), 
90 (Statistical cooperation), 91 (Banking, 
insurance and other fin ancial services), 92 
(Internal control and external audit 
cooperation), 93 (Investment Promotion 
and Protection), 94 (Industrial 
Cooperation), 95 (Small - and medium -sized 
enterprises), 96 (Tourism), 97 (Agriculture, 
and the agro -industrial sector), 98 
(Fisheries), 99 (Customs), 100 (Taxation), 
101, (Social cooperation), 102 (Education 
and training), 104 (Cooperation in the 
audiovisual field), 105 (Information 
society), 106 (Electronic communications 
networks and services), 108 ( Transport ), 
109 (Energy), 110  (Nuclear safety), 111  
(Environment), 112 (Cooperation in 
research and technological development) 
and 113 (Regional and local development)  
Title IX  Financial cooperation  Article 115  
Articles 116 -118 are not incorporated  
Title X  Institutional, general and final provisions  Articles 120 , 121, 127, 129, 130 and 132  
Article 125 replaced  
Articles 122, 123, 131, 134 -139 are not 
incorporated  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  Structure of the EU -Serbia Agreement  Modifications  
Annexes    
Annex I  
 Serbian tariff concessions for Community 
industrial products   
Annex II  Definition of 'baby beef ' products  Annex  IIA (Additional Preferential 
Arrangements for certain agricultural and 
wine products) added  
Annex III  Serbian tariff concessions for Community 
agricultural products   
Annex IV  Community concessions for Serbian fishery 
products   
Annex V  Serbian Concessions for Community Fishery 
Products   
Annex VI  Establishment: financial services   
Annex VII  Intellectual, industrial and commercial 
property rights  Paragraph 1  
Protocols    
Protocol 1  On trade between the Community and 
Serbia, in processed agricultural products   
Protocol 2  Wine and spirit drinks  Articles 2, 10  and 11 and Annex II  
Protocol 3  Definition of the concept of originating 
products and methods of administrative 
cooperation  Protocol replaced by Annex III of the 
Agreement  
Protocol 4  On land transport  Articles 11 -14, 16 -18 and 21  
Articles 4 -6, 8-10 and 19 are not 
incorporated  
Protocol 5  On State aid to the steel industry  Protocol not incorporated  
Protocol 6  Mutual administrative assistance in customs 
matters  Articles 10, 13 and 14  
Protocol 7  Dispute settlement  Articles 2, 13 and 15  
Joint Declarations   
Joint Declaration on Article 75   
Joint Declaration on gaseous emissions from motor vehicles   
Joint Declaration on Article 3  Replaced  
Joint Declaration on Article 32  Replaced  
Joint Declaration concerning a trilateral approach to rules of 
origin  New 
Source:  WTO Secretariat based on the Agreement and the EU -Serbia Agreement.  
 
2.4.  The Parties agree to preserve the preferential conditions relating to trade between the Parties 
which resulted from the EU -Serbia Agreement and to provide a platform for further trade 
liberalisation between them (Article 1).  
2.5.  Unless otherwise provided, ref erences to European Union law are to be read as references to 
European Union law in force as incorporated or implemented in UK law as retained European Union 
law on the day after the UK ceased to be bound by the relevant European Union law (Article  4). 
2.6.  With respect to territorial application, the Agreement applies, in respect of the UK, to the UK, 
Gibraltar, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Moreover, the Agreement applies also to 
territories for whose international relations the UK is responsible fr om the date of written notification 
by the UK to Serbia of application of the Agreement to those territories (Article 6).  
2.7.  If a time period in the EU -Serbia Agreement has not yet ended, the remainder shall be 
incorporated into the Agreement , while if it has ended, any resulting rights and obligations shall 
continue to apply between the Parties (Article 7).  
3   PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  
3.1.  The Agreement incorporates  and modifies  Title IV of the EU –Serbia Agreement containing 
chapters on  industria l products, agriculture and fisheries , and common provisions . Annexes I to V 
include the tariff concession schedules  of the Parties . Protocols 1,  2, 3 and 6 and five Joint 
Declarations include additional provisions relevant for trade in goods.   
3.2.  The main mo dification to the provisions in Title IV of the EU -Serbia Agreement is the addition 
of Annex IIA setting out additional concessions in relation to products covered by Chapters 7 (edible WT/REG455/1  
 
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  vegetables and certain roots and tubers) and 8 (edible fruits and nuts ; peel of citrus fruit or melons) 
of the Combined Nomenclature and wine products. Other modifications essentially remov e 
references to EU regulations and law.  
3.1  Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  
3.1.1   General provisions  
3.3.  Chapter I of Title IV  of the EU -Serbia Agreement includes provisions on industrial products 
while Chapter II covers agriculture and fisheries. Common provisions are in Chapter III.  
3.1.2   Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  
3.4.  The elimination of duties on covered products under the  EU-Serbia Agreement was immediate 
for the EU while Serbia progressively eliminated or reduced duties by 2014. Therefore, tariff 
liberalization under the Agreement was already fully implemented at the entry into force  of the 
Agreement . 
3.1.3   Liberalization schedule  
3.1.3.1   United Kingdom  
3.5.  In 2021, 47% of the UK's tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis, corresponding to 26.7% 
of its imports from Serbia in 2018 -2020 (Table 3.1).7 At the entry into force of the Agreement, 
50.3% of the UK's tariff (73.2% of imports) was duty free for products originating in Serbia as a 
result of the liberalization afforded by the EU -Serbia Agreement. 261 tariff lines (2.7% of the  tariff) 
remain dutiable.  
Table 3.1 United Kingdom: Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and 
corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out period  Tariff lines  Imports from Serbia (2018 -2020)a 
Number  % Value (USD 
million)b % 
2021 (MFN)  4,462 47.0 88.6 26.7 
2021 (preferential)  4,771 50.3 242.7 73.2 
Remain dutiable  261 2.7 0.1 0.1 
TOTAL  9,494  100.0  331.4  100.0  
a Import coverage is for HS chapters 1 -97.  
b The import values were reported in GBP and converted into USD using the exchange rates of 
0.749531540259847(2018), 0.783445110011929 (2019) and 0.779999576697153 (2020).  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by UK.  
 
3.6.  Table 3.2 shows the UK's tariff liberalization by HS Section. The 261 remaining dutiable lines 
for imports from Serbia are in HS Sections I (animal products) and IV (prepared foodstuffs) with 
average t ariffs of 8.2% and 15% respectively.  
Table 3.2 United Kingdom: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 2021  No. of duty free 
lines  under  
the Agreement 
(2021)  No. of 
remain 
dutiable 
lines  Avg. 
dutiable 
tariff (%)  Avg. tariff 
(%) No. of 
lines  Duty free 
lines  
I 8.9 956 109 784 63 8.2 
II 4.4 554 213 341   
III 4.8 129 30 99   
IV 12.9 869 119 552 198 15.0 
 
7 Of the 9,494 lines in the UK’s schedule, 8,613 (90.7%) were ad valorem , 647 lines (6.8%) had specific  
duties, 230 (2.4%) had compound duties and 4 had mixed duties.  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  HS 
Section  MFN 2021  No. of duty free 
lines  under  
the Agreement 
(2021)  No. of 
remain 
dutiable 
lines  Avg. 
dutiable 
tariff (%)  Avg. tariff 
(%) No. of 
lines  Duty free 
lines  
V 0.4 231 202 29   
VI 2.7 1,226  550 676   
VII 3.7 301 86 215   
VIII 1.4 130 73 57   
IX 1.1 235 189 46   
X 0.0 195 195    
XI 7.0 1,149  243 906   
XII 7.3 106 17 89   
XIII 2.0 234 162 72   
XIV 0.5 58 47 11   
XV 0.6 955 804 151   
XVI 0.7 1,338  981 357   
XVII 3.7 286 121 165   
XVIII 0.6 299 218 81   
XIX 1.4 22 7 15   
XX 1.4 214 89 125   
XXI 0.0 7 7    
Total  3.8 9,494  4,462  4,771  261 11.2 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation. For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties , the average ra te for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. The products classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level are counted once and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digit level.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the UK.  
 
3.7.  At a more disaggreg ated level, duties will remain in Chapters 01, 02, 03, 16, 17 and 22 ( Chart 
3.1). All remaining duties are equal to the MFN rates except for Chapters 03 (fish) and 
16 (preparations of meat or fish)  with average preferential rates of 6% and 13.5% respectively, 
compared to  applied MFN rate of 10.6% and 17.9% . Average applied rates for other chapters range 
from 10% to 30%.  
Chart 3.1 UK: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are exclu ded in the computation. For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, the average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculatio n. The products classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level are counted once and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digit level.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the UK.  
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%
01 02 03 16 17 22
HS ChapterPreferential MFNAverage Duty RateWT/REG455/1  
 
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  3.1.3.2   Serbia  
3.8.  In 2021, Serbia applied zero duties on 1.1% of tariff lines, c orresponding to 2.1% of its imports 
from the UK in 2018 -2020 (Table 3.3).8 At the entry into force of the Agreement, 93.9% of Serbia's 
tariff (97.7% of imports) was duty free for products originating in the UK as a result of the 
liberalization afforded by the EU -Serbia Agreement. 498 tariff lines (5% of the tariff) remain dutiab le.  
Table 3.3 Serbia: Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and 
corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out 
period  Tariff lines  Imports from the UK (2018 -2020) 
Number  % Value (USD million ) % 
2021 ( applied ) 111  1.1 5.1 2.1 
2021 (preferential)  9,444  93.9 234.4  97.7 
Remain dutiable  498  5.0 0.4 0.2 
TOTAL  10,053  100.0  240.0  100.0  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Serbian authorities and the WTO -IDB. 
 
3.9.  Table 3.4 shows Serbia's tariff liberalization by HS Section. T he 498 remaining dutiable lines 
for imports from the UK are in HS Sections I (animal products), II (vegetable products), III (fats 
and oils) and IV (prepared foodstuffs) with average tariff ranging between 7.9% and 20.1%.  
Table 3.4 Serbia: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  Applied rates 2021  No. of duty -free lines 
under the Agreement  
(2021)  No. of 
remain 
dutiable 
lines  Avg. 
dutiable 
tariff (%)  Avg. 
tariff %  No. of 
lines  Duty -free 
lines  
I 15.4 980  787 193 10.2 
II 12.4 572  528 44 7.9 
III 6.8 129  125 4 12.1 
IV 21.4 876  619 257 20.1 
V 1.9 235 12 223   
VI 2.8 1,281  16 1,265    
VII 5.4 314  314   
VIII 6.7 132  132   
IX 3.5 246  246   
X 4.7 208  208   
XI 12.4 1,152  38 1,114    
XII 14.6 107  107   
XIII 9.1 243  243   
XIV 9.7 59  59   
XV 4.7 1,001  34 967   
XVI 5.3 1,600  1 1,599    
XVII 6.4 344 10 334   
XVIII 2.8 313  313   
XIX 24.0 23  23   
 
8 All of the 10,053 lines in Serbia ’s schedule  were ad valorem . WT/REG455/1  
 
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  HS 
Section  Applied rates 2021  No. of duty -free lines 
under the Agreement  
(2021)  No. of 
remain 
dutiable 
lines  Avg. 
dutiable 
tariff (%)  Avg. 
tariff %  No. of 
lines  Duty -free 
lines  
XX 9.4 231  231   
XXI 5.0 7  7   
Total  8.8 10,053  111 9,444  498 15.4 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Serbian authorities and the WTO -IDB.  
 
3.10.   At a more disaggregated level, du ties will remain in Chapters 01 to 11, 15 to 17, 19, 20 to 22 
and 24 ( Chart 3.2). Serbia reduced but maintained duties on products such as tomatoes, ca psicum, 
live animals, meat, milk, cheese, eggs, honey, vegetables, foodstuff, fruits and carp. All remaining 
average duties are lower than applied rates for non -parties except for Chapter 24 (tobacco).  
Chart 3.2 Serbia: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter  
 
Note:  Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature . 
 Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Serbia.  
 
3.1.4   Tariff rate quotas  
3.11.   Article 8 of the Agreement modifies tariff rate quotas (TRQs) under the EU -Serbia Agreement. 
More specifically, TRQs or quota increases referred to in Articles 26(3), 26(4), 29(3), 29(4) and 
30(3)  of the EU -Serbia Agreement , and Annex IIIe, Annex IV, Annex  III to Protocol 1 and Annex I 
to Protocol 2 of the EU -Serbia Agreement are resized to 13.62% of the corresponding quota volume 
or quota increase referred to in the EU -Serbia Agreement.  
3.12.   The UK applies tariff rate quotas on imports from Serbia for "baby be ef" products, fish (trout 
and carp), sugar and sugar products and wine. In quota duties are zero for products in HS Chapters 
3, 17 and 22 while the out of quota duty is the applied MFN rate.  
3.13.   Serbia allows duty free imports  of wine (HS 220410 and 220421) from the UK within an annual 
quota of 3,405 Hl.  
3.14.   Table A2. 1 and Table A2. 2 in Annex 2 of the factual presentation provide details.  
05101520253035
12345678910111516171920212224Average Duty Rate (%)
HS Chapters Preferential Applied ratesWT/REG455/1  
 
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  3.2  Rules of origin  
3.15.   The Protocol in  Annex III of the Agreement  replac es Protocol 3 of the EU-Serbia Agreement 
on the Definition of the concept of originating products and methods of administrative cooperation . 
It sets out the rules of origin under the Agreement and largely replicates  the rules of origin applied 
via Protocol 3  of the EU -Serbia Agreement , with some adjustments, in particular with respect to 
cumulation of origin .  
3.16.   Article 2 states that products shall be considered as originating in a Party if they are i) wholly  
obtained in that Part y within the meaning of Article 5 of the Protocol or ii) obtained in the Party 
incorporating materials which have not been wholly obtained there, provided that such materials 
have undergone sufficient working or processing within the meaning of Article 6 of the Protocol.  
Article 6.2 also includes  a de minimis  tolerance rule of 10% of the ex -works price of the product 
which is applicable to non -originating materials used in the manufacture of a product, except 
products in HS Chapters 50 to 63 for which specific rules are included in Note 5 of Annex I to the 
Protocol.  
3.17.   Articles 3 and 4 provide for cumulation of origin for the UK and Serbia respectively. Products 
are considered as originating in a Party  if they are obtained there, incorporating materials originating 
in Switzerland  (including Liechtenstein ), Iceland , Norway, Turkey , the European Union ,9 the other 
Party or any country or territory referred to in Annex A to the Protocol , provided that the working or 
processing carried out in a Party goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 7 .It is not  
necessa ry for such materials to undergo sufficient work or processing.  When working or processing 
carried out in the Party does not go beyond the operations referred to in Article 7 , products are only 
considered as originating in that Party if the value added in that Party is greater than the value of 
the materials originating in any other relevant countr y or territory . If these conditions are not 
satisfied , the provisions on cumulation of materials state that  the product shall be considered as  
originating in the country or territory which accounts for the highest value of originating materials 
used in the manufactur ing in the Party. Cumulation  of origin as provided for in Articles 3 and 4  may 
be applied provided that , for cumulation with the EU, the Parties and the EU have arrangements on 
administrative cooperation which ensure a correct implementation of Article s 3 and 4  and, in respect 
of cumulation of origin with other countries and territories, a preferential trade agreement is 
applicable between the countries or territories involved in the acquisition of originating status and 
the country or territory of destination , and provided that  (for both the EU and the other  countries 
and territories ) materials and products have acquired originating  status by the application of rules 
of origin identical to those in the Protocol, and notices indicating the fulfilment of the necessary 
requirements to apply cumulation have been published by the Parties.10  
3.18.   Articles 8 to 11 provide for unit of qualificat ion, accessories, spare parts and tools, sets and 
neutral elements  respectively . 
3.19.   A principle of territoriality is included in Article 12  which  essentially  replicates the provision in 
Protocol 3 of the EU -Serbia Agreement . Articles 13 and 14 provide for direct transport and exhibitions 
respectively.  
3.20.   Article 15 prohibits drawback of or exemption from customs duties  for non -originating 
materials used in the m anufacture of products originating in the Parties . 
3.21.   Title V of the Annex  covers proof of origin , and arrangements for administrative cooperation 
are covered in Title VI.  
3.22.   In the Joint Declaration concerning a trilateral approach to rules of origin, the Part ies 
recognise that a trilateral approach to rules of origin, involving the European Union, is the preferred 
long-term outcome in trading arrangements between the Parties and the European Union. This 
approach would replicate coverage of recent trade flows a nd allow for recognition of originating 
 
9 The term European Union  used in the Protocol does not cover Ceuta and Melilla  and p roducts 
originating there are not considered to be products originating in the European Union  (Article 38 of the 
Protocol) . 
10 The Notice  of fulfilment from the United Kingdom on cumulation with trading partners  indicate s the 
arrangements for which the necessary requirements for the application of cumulation have been fulfilled.  
Serbia informed that a t present only bilateral cumulation betw een Serbia and UK is applicable.  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  content from either of the Part ies and from the European Union in exports to each other. In this 
regard, the Parties understand that any bilateral arrangement between them represents a first step 
towards seeking this  outcome.   
3.3  Export duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  
3.23.   Customs duties or quantitative restrictions on exports and charges or measures having 
equivalent effect in trade between the Parties were abolished upon the entry into force of the EU-
Serbia Agreement (Article 22  of the EU -Serbia Agreement ).  
3.24.   Products exported to the territory of one of the Parties may not benefit from repayment of 
internal indirect tax in excess of the amount of indirect tax already imposed on them (Article 37  of 
the EU -Serbia Agreement ). 
3.4  Regulatory provisions on trade in goods  
3.4.1   Standards  
3.4.1.1   Sanitary and phytosanitary measures  
3.25.   There are no provisions on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures  per-se in the Agreement. 
However, Article 97 dictates that the P arties shall develop cooperation in veterinary and 
phytosanitary domains.  
3.4.1.2   Technical barriers to trade  
3.26.   Article 77 of the EU–Serbia Agreement is modified under the Agreement. Provisions on the 
necessity for both Parties to promote and gradually achieve conformity with EU technical regulations 
and EU standardisation, metrology, accreditation, and conformity assessments are removed. The 
Parties shall seek to foster the development of quality infrastructure on standardisation, metrology, 
accreditation, and conformity assessment and promote participation in the work of specialised 
European organisations .  
3.27.   Serbia informed that as of January 2023, it did not conclude any Agreement on Conformity 
Assessment and Acceptance of Industrial Products but  planned to open negotiations for three groups 
of industrial products: electrical/electronic appliances, machinery and personal protective 
equipment.  
3.4.2   Safeguard mechanisms  
3.4.2.1   Global safeguards  
3.28.   Safeguard actions are permitted in accordance with the provisions of Article XIX of GATT 1994 
and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards (Article 41  of the EU -Serbia Agreement ). 
3.4.2.2   Bilateral safeguards  
3.29.   Bilateral safeguard measu res are allowed under conditions laid down in Article 41 of the EU -
Serbia Agreement.  If a product is being imported in such increased quantities and under such 
conditions as to cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the domestic industry of like or d irectly 
competitive products or serious disturbances in any sector of the economy or difficulties which could 
bring about serious deterioration in the economic situation of a region, the importing Party may take 
appropriate bilateral safeguard measures. Th e safeguard measure adopted should consist of a 
suspension in the increase or in the reduction of the margin of preference  provided for by the 
Agreement for the product concerned, and not be higher than the basic duty for that product .  
3.30.   Safeguard measures should also contain elements progressively leading to their elimination 
at the end of the set period , at the latest , and cannot be taken for more than two years.  In 
exceptional circumstances, measures can be further extended for a maximum of two years.  Bilateral 
safeguards cannot be applied on a product that has been previously subject to a b ilateral safeguard  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  for a time equal to that during which such a measure had been previously applied, provided that the 
period of non -application is at least two years since the expiry of the measure.  
3.31.   In most cases, except under exceptional circumstances,  before taking measures,  the Parties 
must supply the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council  with all the information required for a 
thorough examination of the  situation, with a view to seeking a solution acceptable to the Parties. 
If the Council or the exporting Party has not put an end to problems  or no other satisfactory solution  
has been reached within 30 days of the matter being referred to the Council, the importing Party 
may take appropriate measures to remedy the problem in accordance with the Agreement. When 
selecting safeguard  measures , priority must be given to measures  which least disturb the functioning 
of the Agreement. In exceptional and critical c ircumstances, which make prior information or 
examination impossible, a Party may take provisional measures as necessary and must inform the 
other Party immediately thereof.  
3.32.   The safeguard measures shall be notified immediately to the Partnership, Trade and 
Cooperation Co uncil and be subject to periodic consultations with a view to establishing a timetable 
for their abolition.  
3.4.2.3   Special safeguards  
3.33.   Article 32 of the EU -Serbia Agreem ent provides for special safeguards for agriculture and 
fisheries. If imports of originating products that are the subject of concessions granted pursuant to 
Articles 25 to 30 cause  a serious disturbance to markets or domestic regulatory mechanisms, the 
Parties shall enter into consultations immediately to find an appropriate solution. Pending the 
solution, the Party concerned may take the appropriate measures it deems necessary. The Joint 
Declaration on Article 32 clarifies that the purpose of such measure s is to monitor trade in products 
with high sugar content that could be used for further processing and to prevent a possible distortion 
in the pattern of trade in sugar and products not having characteristics essentially different to th ose 
of sugar.  
3.34.   Article 42 of the EU -Serbia Agreement provides for special safeguards in cases of critical 
shortage, or threat thereof, of foodstuffs or other products essential to the exporting Party or re -
export to a third country of a product on which the exporting Party ma intains quantitative export 
restrictions, export duties or measures or charges having equivalent effect , which give rise or are 
likely to give rise to major difficulties for the exporting Party.  
3.4.3   Anti-dumping and countervailing measures  
3.35.   Anti-dumping and co untervailing measures are allowed in accordance with the WTO 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies 
and Countervailing Measures and the respective related internal legislation (Article 40  of the EU -
Serbia Agreement ).  
3.4.4   Subsidies and state -aid 
3.36.   Article 43 of the EU -Serbia Agreement calls for Serbia to progressively adjust any State 
monopolies of a commercial character to ensure that  no discrimination remains regarding the 
conditions under which goods are p rocured and marketed between nationals of the Parties.  
3.37.   Article 73 of the EU -Serbia Agreement recognises that a ny State aid which distorts or 
threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or certain products is incompatible 
with the proper functioning of the Agreement. (This does not , however , apply to agriculture and 
fisheries products referre d to in Chapter II of Title IV ). Serbia shall establish an operationally 
independent authority, within one year, entrusted with powers necessary to apply this . Both Parties 
will ensure transparency in State aid, including through a regular annual report  or equivalent and , 
upon request, a Party shall provide information on particular individual cases of State aid.  
3.38.   If one of the Parties considers that a particular practice  distorts or threatens to distort 
competition by favouring certain undertakings or cert ain products , it may take appropriate measures 
after consultation within the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council  or after 30 working days 
following the referral for consultations. Nothing in the Article shall prejudice or affect the taking of WT/REG455/1  
 
- 19 - 
 
  counte rvailing measures in accordance with GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures and the respective internal legislation of the Parties.  
3.39.   Article 74 of the EU -Serbia Agreement is replaced  so that, with regard to public undertak ings 
and undertakings to which special or exclusive rights have been granted, the Parties shall ensure 
that any measure distorting trade between them is neither enacted nor maintained.  
3.4.5   Customs -related procedures  
3.40.   Administrative cooperation is considered es sential for the implementation and control of 
preferential treatment in goods and the Parties underline their commitment to combat irregularities 
and fraud in customs and related matters (Article 46  of the EU -Serbia Agreement ). Under Article 99 
of the EU -Serbia Agreement the Parties  establish cooperation on customs matters with a view to 
guaranteeing compliance with the trade provisions to be adopted.  
3.41.   Protocol 6 of the EU -Serbia Agreement on mutual administrative assistance in customs 
matters covers assistance to any administrative a uthority having the competence to apply the 
Protocol and in the areas of the Parties' competence, in the manner and under the conditions 
specified in the Protocol to ensure the correct application of customs legislation, especially by 
preventing, investiga ting and combating operations in breach of that legislation. It shall not prejudice 
the rules governing mutual assistance in criminal matters or cover information obtained under 
powers exercised at the request of a judicial authority, except where communic ation of such 
information is authorized by that authority . Assistance to recover duties, taxes or fines  is not covered 
by Protocol 6 . 
3.42.   Article 3 of the Protocol provides for assistance upon request and  includes the provision of 
relevant information  to enable the designated administrative authority to ensure that customs 
legislation is correctly applied . The requested authority shall take steps  necessary to ensure special 
surveillance of natural or legal  persons, places where goods are stocked, goods being transported, 
or means of transport, if there are reasonable grounds to believe that they are being used for, or 
are involved in, operations in breach of customs legislation. Spontaneous assistance can also be 
provided on the Parties' own initiative if they believe that they have information on a breach of 
customs legislation  (Article 4 of the Protocol) . 
3.43.   Under Article 9  of the Protocol , assistance may be refused or provided under certain conditions 
where a Party believes that i) it is likely to prejudice the sovereignty of Serbia or the EU Member 
State that has been requested to provide assistance , ii) it is likely to prejudice public policy, security 
or other essential interests, in particular those invol ving the provision of personal data , or iii) it 
violate s an industrial, commercial or professional secret. Assistance may also be postponed on the 
grounds that it would interfere with an ongoing investigation, prosecution or proceeding.  
3.44.   The Protocol is to be implemented by the Parties' respective customs authorities who will 
decide on all practical measures and arrangements necessary for its application, taking into 
consideration the rules in force, particularly for data protection  (Article 13 of the Protoc ol). The 
Parties will consult and keep each other informed of the detailed rules and implementation 
procedures adopted.  
3.45.   The provisions of the Protocol do not affect the Parties' obligations under any other 
international agreement or convention  and are  deemed complementary to any mutual assistance 
agreements that have been or may be concluded between Serbia and the UK although in cases of 
incompatibility of provisions, the Protocol will take precedence  (Article 14 of the Protocol) .  
3.5  Sector -speci fic provisions on trade in goods  
3.46.   Article 97 of the EU -Serbia Agreement provides for cooperation in the field of agriculture, as 
well as veterinary and phytosanitary domains. Cooperation shall notably aim at modernising and 
restructuring the agriculture and  agro-industrial sector, in particular to reach community sanitary 
requirements, to improve water management and rural development as well as to develop the 
forestry sector in Serbia.  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  4  PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN SERVICES  
4.1.  The Agreement incorporates the provisio ns of Title V (Movement of workers, establishment, 
supply of services, movement of capital ) and related Annexes and Appendices of the EU -Serbia 
Agreement , subject to modifications specified in Annex I to the Agreement.  
4.2.  The main modification s to the provis ions in Title V of the EU -Serbia Agreement is the addition 
of new Articles such as 71.A and new paragraphs to existing Articles . Other modifications essentially 
remov e references to EU regulations and law.  
4.1  Scope and definitions  
4.3.  Chapter I of Title V of the  EU-Serbia Agreement concerns the movement of workers, Chapter 
II establishment  (including establishment related to  goods) , Chapter III supply of services, Chapter 
IV current payments and movement of capital and Chapter V General provisions. Annex VI conta ins 
a list of financial services, and Protocol 4 details the rules applicable to land transport services. The 
provisions of Chapter II do not apply to air transport services, inland waterways and maritime 
cabotage services  (Article 55  of the EU -Serbia Agre ement ). The Partnership, Trade and Cooperation 
Council may make recommendations for improving establishment and operations in these sectors.  
4.4.  Article 52 of the EU -Serbia Agreement sets out the definitions used in the Agreement relating 
to, inter alia , UK and Serbian companies, branches, establishment and financial services.  
4.5.  General provisions in Title V are subject to limitations justified on grounds of public policy, 
public securi ty or public health and do not apply to activities in the territory of either Party that are 
connected, even occasionally, with the exercise of official authority (Article 65  of the EU -Serbia 
Agreement ).  
4.6.  The Parties may apply their laws and regulations re garding entry and stay, employment, 
working conditions, establishment of natural persons and supply of services, provided that their 
application does not nullify or impair the benefits of the Agreement (Article 66  of the EU -Serbia 
Agreement ). 
4.2  Denial of ben efits 
4.7.  The Agreement does not include a denial of benefits provision per se  but the definition of 
company in Article 52  of the EU -Serbia Agreement  clarifies that a company, set up in accordance 
with the laws of a Party, having only its registered office in a Party's territory shall not benefit from 
preferences granted by  the Agreement, unless its operations possess a real and continuous link with 
the economy of one of the Parties.  
4.3  General provisions on trade in services  
4.3.1   Market access  
4.8.  With the incorporation of Title V of the EU -Serbia Agreement, the Agreement contains no 
market access obligation similar to  the provisions in  Article XVI of the GATS. The Parties undertake, 
in accordance with the provisions in the Agreement, to take the necessary steps to allow 
progressively the supply of services by UK companies, Serbian companies or by UK nationals or 
nationals of Serbia which are established in the territory of a Party other than that of the person for 
whom the services are intended.  
4.3.2   National treatment and MFN  
4.9.  Through Article 53  of the EU -Serbia Agreement , the Agreement provides for MFN and national 
treatment  as regards establishment by companies and the operation of subsidiaries and branches  
upon entry into force . The Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council shall establish the detailed 
arrangements to extend national and MFN treatment to the establishment of nationals of the Parties 
to take up economic activities as self -employed persons.  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 21 - 
 
  4.10.   Article 54  of the EU -Serbia Agreement  provides that, with the exception of financial services, 
the Parties may regulate the establishment and operation of companies and nationals in their 
territory, insofar as those regulations do not discriminate against companies and nationa ls of the 
other Part y in comparison with its own companies and nationals. The Article also includes a 
prudential carve -out for financial services .  
4.11.   The MFN treatment granted under  the provisions of Title V shall not apply to the tax 
advantages that the Par ties are providing or will provide in the future on the basis of agreements 
designed to avoid double taxation or other tax arrangements (Article 68  of the EU -Serbia 
Agreement ). 
4.3.3   Cross -border trade in services  
4.12.   The Agreement incorporates , with modifications , Chapter III of the EU -Serbia Agreement, 
which applies to the supply of services. The Parties agree to take the steps necessary to allow 
progressively the supply of services by a company from the UK or from Serbia or their nationals who  
are established in a Party other than that of the person for whom the services are intended (Article 
59 of the EU -Serbia Agreement). After four years, the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council 
shall take the measures necessary to implement progressiv ely the liberalization of trade in services 
between the Parties.  
4.3.4   Establishment  
4.13.   Chapter II of Title V  of the EU -Serbia Agreement concern s establishment including 
establishment  concerning  goods . 
4.14.   The application by a Party of particular rules concerning the establishment and operation of 
companies in its territory, which are justified by legal or technical differences between such 
branches, or for prudential reasons in financial services are allowed under Article 56 of the EU -Serbia 
Agreement.  
4.3.5   Movement of natural persons  
4.15.   Chapter I of Title V  of the EU -Serbia Agreement concerns the movement of workers.  
4.16.   Article 49  of the EU -Serbia Agreement  forbids any discrimination based on nationality as 
regards working conditions, remuneration or dismissal  for workers of a Party who are legally 
employed in the territory of the other Party. Moreover, the legally resident spouse and children of a 
worker legally employed in the territory of a Party (excepting seasonal workers and workers subject 
to bilateral trea ties) shall have access to the labour market of that Party, during the period of that 
worker's authorised stay of employment.  
4.17.   Article 50  of the EU -Serbia Agreement  provides that the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation 
Council shall examine the granting of improvements  for workers , including facilities for access to 
professional training, in accordance with the rules and procedures in force in the EU Member States, 
and taking into account the situation in the labour market in the EU and its Member States.   
4.18.   Rules shall be laid down for the coordination of social security systems for workers with 
Serbian nationality, legally employed in the territory of an EU m ember State, and for the members 
of their families legally resident there (Article 51  of the EU -Serbia  Agreement ). More specifically, the 
UK commits to allow all periods of insurance, employment or residence completed by Serbian 
workers in the UK and the various EU member States to be added together11 and freely transferable 
for the purpose of pensions and  annuities in respect of old age, invalidity and death and for the 
purpose of medical care. Serbia shall accord similar treatment regarding transferability of all periods 
of insurance, employment or residence.  
 
11 The cumulation of periods completed in the UK or EU Members is applicable subject to the 
determination by the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council  that appropriate data sharing arrangements 
are in place and its deci sion to apply the provision, with or without modifications, or to replace it.  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 22 - 
 
  4.19.   Article 58  of the EU -Serbia Agreement provide s that a company of one Party established in 
the territory of the other Party shall be entitled to employ its own nationals in the company provided 
that the y are key personnel defined as natural persons working within an organization in the territory 
of a Party and  are temporarily transferred for the  pursuit of economic activities in the territory of 
the other Party.12 The Article also describes the categories of natural persons, senior officers, experts 
and intra -corporate transferees which both Parties have agreed to permit to enter and remain in 
their respective territories during the period of employment.  
4.20.   The Parties are required to permit the temporary movement of natural persons providing the 
services or who are employed as key personnel incl uding natural persons who are representatives 
of a company or national of a Party and are seeking temporary entry for the purpose of negotiating 
the sale of services for that service provider, where those representatives will not be engaged in 
making direc t sales to the general public or in supplying services themselves  (Article 59  of the EU -
Serbia Agreement ).  
4.21.   The Agreement does not specify maximum periods for the temporary entry and stay for 
different categories of businessperson s. Under the GATS,  for the  UK, the duration of temporary stay 
of intra -corporate transferees, business visitors and contractual service suppliers is defined by its 
laws and regulations regarding entry, stay and work. As a non -WTO member, Serbia has no GATS 
Schedule.  
4.4  Liberalization commitments  
4.22.   There are no schedules of concessions  nor lists of reservations  on services in the Agreement. 
The Parties' market access liberalization commitments are found in the provisions of Title V, which 
also contemplate discussions on additional liberal ization after  the entry into force of the Agreement 
(under the auspices of the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council ).  
4.23.   Except for financial and certain types of transport services, there are no national treatment 
restrictions in mode 3.  
4.24.   Article 60 of the EU -Serbia Agreement contains a standstill provision  for the supply of services 
(modes 1, 2 and 4)  so that the Parties cannot take any measures or actions significantly more 
restrictive than the situation existing on 31 August 2013, the day preceding the day of entry into 
force of the EU-Serbia Agreement.  
4.4.1   United Kingdom  
4.4.1.1   MFN and horizontal commitments  
4.25.   No horizontal commitment reservations are included in the Agreement except that the 
provisions in Title V are subject to limitations ju stified on grounds of public policy, public security or 
public health and do not apply to activities connected, even occasionally, with the exercise of official 
authority.  
4.26.   In its horizontal GATS commitments,  the UK has listed an extensive reservation for public 
utilities, and limitations on branches, agencies and representative offices.  
4.4.1.2   Sector specific commitments  
4.27.   Under the GATS, the UK made commitments in 11 out of 12 services sectors with no 
commitments in postal and courier services, audio -visual servic es, other human services, libraries, 
archives, museums and other cultural services, and maritime, inland waterways, space and pipeline 
transport services.  
4.28.   All services are covered under the Agreement except for air transport services, inland 
waterways and maritime cabotage services to which Chapter II of Title V on establishment does not 
 
12 The organisation concerned must have its principal place of business in the territory of a Party and 
the transfer be to an establishment (branch, subsidiary) of that organisati on, effectively pursuing like economic 
activities in the territory of the other Party.  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 23 - 
 
  apply (Article 55 of the EU -Serbia Agreement). As there are no schedules of commitments or lists of 
reservations for existing or future non -conforming measures, liberalizat ion under the Agreement is 
conditional on the alignment of the legislation of Serbia to that of the UK.  
4.29.   Table 4.1 compares the commitments of the UK as a result of the Agreement to those under 
the GATS.13 Horizontal limitations and MFN reservations are not considered in the table.  
Table 4.1 UK: Comparison between the GATS and Agreement specific commitments  
Sectors / Sub -sectors  GATS  FTA sector -specific liberalizationa  Compared 
to GATSb 
Sector coverage  Commit -
ments  Trade in 
services  Establish -
ment  
1. Business services     
  
A. Professional  Services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
B. Computer  and Related  Services  Full Full Full Conditional  Same  
C. Research  and Development  Services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
D. Real  Estate  Services  Full Full Full Conditional  Same  
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
F. Other  Business  Services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
2. Communication services   
    
A. Postal  services  … Full Full Conditional  New 
B. Courier  services  … Full Full Conditional  New 
C. Telecommunication  services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
D. Audiovisual services  … Full Full Conditional  New 
E. Other  … Full Full Conditional  New 
3. Construction and related engineering 
services   
    
A. General  construction  work for buildings  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
B. 
General  construction  work for civil engineering  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
C. Installation  and assembly  work  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
D. Building  completion  and finishing  work  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
E. Other  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
4. Distribution services   
    
A. Commission  agents'  services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
B. Wholesale  trade services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
C. Retailing  services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
D. Franchising  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
E. Other  … Full Full Conditional  New 
5. Educational services   
    
A. Primary education services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
B. Secondary education services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
C. Higher education services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
D. Adult education  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
E. Other education services  … Full Full Conditional  New 
6. Environmental services   
    
A. Sewage services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
B. Refuse disposal services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
C. Sanitation and similar services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
D. Other  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
7. Financial services   
    
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services  Partial  Full Partial Conditional  Improved  
B. Banking  and other financial  services  Partial  Full Partial  Conditional  Improved  
C. Other  … Full Partial  Conditional  New 
8. Health related and social services   
    
A. Hospital services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
B. Other Human Health Services  … Full Full Conditional  New 
C. Social Services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
D. Other  … Full Full Conditional  New 
9. Tourism and travel related services   
    
A. Hotels  and restaurants (including catering)  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators  services  Full Full Full Conditional  Same  
C. Tourist  guides  services  Full Full Full Conditional  Same  
D. Other  … Full Full Conditional  Improved  
10. Recreational and cultural and sporting 
services   
    
A. Entertainment  services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
B. News agency services  Full Full Full Conditional  Same  
 
13 As of the date of this factual presentation, there is no certified UK Schedule of Specific Commitments 
therefore the proposed draft (circulated as document S/C/W/380) is used for the comparison.  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 24 - 
 
  Sectors / Sub -sectors  GATS  FTA sector -specific liberalizationa  Compared 
to GATSb 
Sector coverage  Commit -
ments  Trade in 
services  Establish -
ment  
C. Libraries, archives, museums and other 
cultural services  … Full Full Conditional  New 
D. Sporting and other recreational services  Partial  Full Full Conditional  Improved  
E. Other  … Full Full Conditional  New 
11. Transport services   
    
A. Maritime Transport Services  … Partial  Partial  Conditional  New 
B. Internal Waterways Transport  … Partial  Excluded  Conditional  Similar  
C. Air  Transport  Services  Partial  Partial  Excluded  Conditional  Narrower  
D. Space  Transport  … Partial  Full Conditional  New 
E. Rail  Transport  Services  Partial  Partial  Full Conditional  Similar  
F. Road Transport  Services  Partial  Partial  Full Conditional  Similar  
G. Pipeline  Transport  … Partial  Full Conditional  New 
H. Services  auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  Partial  Partial  Full Conditional  Similar  
I. Other  Transport  Services  Partial  Partial  Full Conditional  Similar  
12. Other services not included elsewhere  … Full Full Conditional  New 
General Note:  MFN and Horizontal limitations, as well as Mode 4 commitments/limitations not included. As there 
are no schedules of commitments or lists of reservations for existing or future non -conforming 
measures, the liberalization under the Agreement is considered o n the basis of the principle of 
the alignment of Serbia's  legislation to that of the UK.  
a:  Progressive liberalization depends on the continued alignment of Serbia's legislation to that of 
the UK (Article 71A). 
b:  Based on the sectoral coverage and progr essive liberalization set out in the Agreement (Article 9 
of the EU -Serbia Agreement).  
Full:   Specific commitments not subject to limitation(s) under market access or national treatment, 
under any of the three modes.  
Partial:   Specific commitments subj ect to some limitation(s) under market access or national treatment, 
under any of the three modes.  
…:   No specific commitment (under GATS), or no specific reservation (under the Agreement).  
New:   New commitments (full or partial, with or without limitations) compared to GATS.  
Improved:  Overall improved commitments (in terms of sectoral coverage and/or commitments) made under 
the Agreement compared to those under the GATS.  
Similar:   Similar commi tments; though possibly, in individual cases, with limited improvements and/or 
limited additional reservations.  
Excluded:   Sector or sub -sector excluded from the coverage, or full reservation (under the Agreement).  
Conditional:  Liberalization commitments are conditional to the level of alignment of Serbia 's legislation  to that 
of the UK.  
Source:   The Agreement, the EU-Serbia Agreement and the UK's GATS Specific Commitments (S/C/W/380).  
 
4.4.1.2.1   Business services  
4.30.   Under the GATS, the UK largely liberalized professional services with reservations, for 
modes  1 and/or 3, for , inter alia , auditing services , medical, dental and midwives services , 
veterinary services  and other related scientific technical consulting services . Full commitments a re 
made for c omputer and related services for modes 1 -3 under the GATS. For research and 
development services, the UK fully liberalizes R&D services only for social sciences and humanities, 
while real estate services  are fully liberalized . Rental/leasing s ervices without operators for aircraft 
are subject to market access limitations for modes 2 and 3. Under other business services, all sub -
sectors are committed either fully or with certain reservations, except for services incidental to 
manufacturing and t o energy distribution, which are not scheduled.  
4.31.   The Parties commit to not undertaking measures or actions which render the conditions for 
the supply of services significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013  and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Ar ticle 59 to allow progressively the supply of services between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of legislation, as per Article 71A. 
Moreover , there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3.  
4.4.1.2.2   Communication services  
4.32.   The UK has no commitments under the GATS for postal and courier  services , audio -visual s 
and other communication services.  For telecommunication services, the UK fully liberalize d the 
supply of "all services consisting of the transmission and reception of signals by any electromagnetic WT/REG455/1  
 
- 25 - 
 
  means, excluding broadcasting". The UK GATS commitments also incorporate the Reference Paper 
obligations for basic telecommunications services.  
4.33.   The Parties commit to not undertaking measures or actions which render the conditions for 
the supply of services significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013 and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Article 59 to allow progressively the supply of servic es between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of legislation, as per Article 71A. 
Moreover, there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3 .  
4.4.1.2.3   Construction and related engineering services  
4.34.   The U K largely liberalizes under the GATS the supply of construction and related engineering 
services. Mode 1, however, remains unbound for the whole sector, except for site investigation work 
and excavating and earthmoving work.  
4.35.   The Parties commit to not unde rtaking measures or actions which render the conditions for 
the supply of services significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013 and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Article 59 to allow progressively the supply of services between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of legislation, as per Article 71A. 
Moreover, there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3.  
4.4.1.2.4   Distribution services  
4.36.   For distribution services, the scope of the UK's commitme nts under the GATS excludes trade 
in arms, chemical products, explosives and precious metal, otherwise, the sector is to a large extent 
open. The liberalization of the supply of retailing services is limited in scope and remains unbound 
for mode 1, except for mail order.  
4.37.   The Parties commit to not undertaking measures or actions which render the conditions for 
the supply of services significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013 and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Article 59 to allow progressively the supply of services between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of legislation, as per Article 71A. 
Moreover, there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3.  
4.4.1.2.5   Education services  
4.38.   Under the UK' s GATS commitments, the provision of educational services is limited to privately 
funded primary, secondary, higher and adult education services which are fully bound .  
4.39.   The Parties commit to not undertaking measures or actions which render the conditions f or 
the supply of services significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013 and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Article 59 to allow progressively the supply of services between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of l egislation, as per Article 71A. 
Moreover, there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3.  
4.4.1.2.6   Environmental services  
4.40.   The supply of environmental services is largely liberalized by the UK under the GATS, with 
mode 1 remaining unbound for the scheduled sub -sectors.  
4.41.   The Parties commit to not undertaking measures or actions which render the conditions for 
the supply of serv ices significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013 and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Article 59 to allow progressively the supply of services between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of legislation, as per Ar ticle 71A. 
Moreover, there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3.  
4.4.1.2.7   Financial services  
4.42.   Under the GATS, the UK made commitments in financial services in accordance with the 
provisions of the Understanding on Commitments in Fin ancial Services  (hereinafter the 
Understanding) . Market access commitments in modes 1 and 2 apply only to the transactions WT/REG455/1  
 
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  indicated in paragraphs B.3 and B.4 of the Understanding, respectively . In banking and other 
financial services, modes 2 and 3 are su bject to a number of reservations, in particular regarding 
forms of establishment  for mode 3 .  
4.43.   Under the Agreement, t he Parties may take measures for prudential reasons, including for 
the protection of investors, depositors, policy holders or persons to wh om a fiduciary duty is owned 
by a financial service supplier, or to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system (Article 
54 of the EU -Serbia Agreement ). 
4.4.1.2.8   Health related and social services  
4.44.   The UK partially commits the supply of all hospital s ervices and some social services with 
modes 2 and 3 fully liberalized and mode 1 remaining unbound.  
4.45.   The Parties commit to not undertaking measures or actions which render the conditions for 
the supply of services significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013 and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Article 59 to allow progressively the supply of ser vices between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of legislation, as per Article 71A. 
Moreover, there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3.  
4.4.1.2.9   Tourism and travel related services  
4.46.   Tourism and t ravel related services are largely open by the UK under the GATS, with some 
reservations applicable to the scope and supply via mode 1 for hotels, restaurants and catering 
services.  
4.47.   The Parties commit to not undertaking measures or actions which render th e conditions for 
the supply of services significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013 and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Article 59 to allow progressively the supply of services between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of legislation, as per Article 71A. 
Moreover, there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3.  
4.4.1.2.10   Recreational and cultural and sporting services  
4.48.   Under the GATS, news and press agency services are fully committed, while for entertainment 
services mode 1 remains unbound and partial liberalization commitments apply for the supply of 
sporting and other recreational services other than gambling and betting services.  
4.49.   The Parties commit to not undertaking measures or actions w hich render the conditions for 
the supply of services significantly more restrictive than on 31 August 2013 and agree to implement 
paragraph 1 of Article 59 to allow progressively the supply of services between them. These 
provisions are also dependent on the continued alignment of legislation, as per Article 71A. 
Moreover, there are no national treatment restrictions on business services for mode 3.  
4.4.1.2.11   Transport services  
4.50.   The UK has no commitments in the GATS for maritime, internal waterways, space and pipelin e 
transport services. In air transport services, maintenance and repair of aircraft and parts thereof, 
sales and marketing, and computer reservations systems are partially liberalized with inter alia, 
certain national treatment reservations. For rail trans port services, the UK only liberalized modes 2 
and 3 for maintenance and repair of rail transport equipment, with mode 1 remaining unbound. For 
road transport services, maintenance and repair of road transport equipment is fully liberalized, 
while for both  passenger and freight transportation mode 1 is unbound, with specific reservations 
for mode 3 applicable for the supply of passenger transportation services. For services auxiliary to 
all modes of transport, the UK made full commitments in freight transpo rt agency/freight forwarding 
services and pre -shipment inspection. For storage and warehouse services (other than in ports) only 
mode 1 remains unbound.   
4.51.   Specific provisions apply for the supply of maritime, air, inland and internal waterways 
transport ser vices as described in Section 4.6.2  below.  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 27 - 
 
  4.4.1.2.12   Other services not included elsewhere  
4.52.   Under the GATS, the UK has no commitments under this sector. Under the Agreement , no 
reservations for the sector are listed.  
4.4.2    Serbia  
4.4.2.1   MFN and horizontal commitments  
4.53.   No horizontal commitment reservations are included in the Agreement except that the 
provisions in Title V are subject to limitations justified on grounds of public policy, public security or 
public health and do not apply to activities connected, even occasionally, with the exercise of official 
authority.  
4.4.2.2   Sector specific commitments  
4.54.   As a non -WTO Member, Serbia has no GATS Schedule s therefore Table 4.2 shows only the 
commitments under the Agreement.  Horizontal limitations and MFN reservations are not considered 
in the table.  
Table 4.2 Serbia: Specific commitments  under the Agreement  
Sectors / Sub -sectors  FTA sector -specific liberalizationa  
Sector coverage  Commit -ments  
Trade in 
services  Establish -
ment  
1. Business services    
 
A. Professional  Services  Full Full Conditional  
B. Computer  and Related  Services  Full Full Conditional  
C. Research  and Development  Services  Full Full Conditional  
D. Real  Estate  Services  Full Full Conditional  
E. Rental/Leasing  Services  without  Operators  Full Full Conditional  
F. Other  Business  Services  Full Full Conditional  
2. Communication services     
A. Postal  services  Full Full Conditional  
B. Courier  services  Full Full Conditional  
C. Telecommunication  services  Full Full Conditional  
D. Audiovisual services  Full Full Conditional  
E. Other  Full Full Conditional  
3. Construction and related engineering services     
A. General  construction  work for buildings  Full Full Conditional  
B. General  construction  work for civil engineering  Full Full Conditional  
C. Installation  and assembly  work  Full Full Conditional  
D. Building  completion  and finishing  work  Full Full Conditional  
E. Other  Full Full Conditional  
4. Distribution services     
A. Commission  agents'  services  Full Full Conditional  
B. Wholesale  trade services  Full Full Conditional  
C. Retailing  services  Full Full Conditional  
D. Franchising  Full Full Conditional  
E. Other  Full Full Conditional  
5. Educational services     
A. Primary education services  Full Full Conditional  
B. Secondary education services  Full Full Conditional  
C. Higher education services  Full Full Conditional  
D. Adult education  Full Full Conditional  
E. Other education services  Full Full Conditional  
6. Environmental services     
A. Sewage services  Full Full Conditional  
B. Refuse disposal services  Full Full Conditional  
C. Sanitation and similar services  Full Full Conditional  
D. Other  Full Full Conditional  
7. Financial services     
A. All insurance  and insurance -related  services  Full Partial Conditional  
B. Banking  and other financial  services  Full Partial  Conditional  
C. Other  Full Partial  Conditional  
8. Health related and social services     
A. Hospital services  Full Full Conditional  
B. Other Human Health Services  Full Full Conditional  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 28 - 
 
  Sectors / Sub -sectors  FTA sector -specific liberalizationa  
Sector coverage  Commit -ments  
Trade in 
services  Establish -
ment  
C. Social Services  Full Full Conditional  
D. Other  Full Full Conditional  
9. Tourism and travel related services     
A. Hotels  and restaurants (including catering)  Full Full Conditional  
B. Travel  agencies  and tour operators  services  Full Full Conditional  
C. Tourist  guides  services  Full Full Conditional  
D. Other  Full Full Conditional  
10. Recreational and cultural and sporting services     
A. Entertainment  services  Full Full Conditional  
B. News agency services  Full Full Conditional  
C. Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural 
services  Full Full Conditional  
D. Sporting and other recreational services  Full Full Conditional  
E. Other  Full Full Conditional  
11. Transport services     
A. Maritime Transport Services  Partial  Partial  Conditional  
B. Internal Waterways Transport  Partial  Excluded  Conditional  
C. Air  Transport  Services  Partial  Excluded  Conditional  
D. Space  Transport  Partial  Full Conditional  
E. Rail  Transport  Services  Partial  Full Conditional  
F. Road  Transport  Services  Partial  Full Conditional  
G. Pipeline  Transport  Partial  Full Conditional  
H. Services  auxiliary  to all modes  of transport  Partial  Full Conditional  
I. Other  Transport  Services  Partial  Full Conditional  
12. Other services not included elsewhere  Full Full Conditional  
General Note:    MFN and Horizontal limitations, as well as Mode 4 commitments/limitations not included.  
As there are no schedules of commitments or lists of reservations for existing or future  non-
conforming measures, the liberalization under the Agreement is considered on the basis of the 
principle of the alignm ent of Serbia's legislation to that of the UK.  
a: Progressive liberalization depends on the continued alignment of Serbia's legislation to that of the 
UK (Article 71A).  
Full:  Specific commitments not subject to limitation(s) under market access or nationa l treatment, under 
any of the three modes.  
Partial:  Specific commitments subject to some limitation(s) under market access or national treatment, 
under any of the three modes.  
Excluded:   Sector or sub -sector excluded from the coverage, or full reservation (under the Agreement).  
Conditional:  Liberalization  commitments are conditional to the level of alignment of Serbia's legislation to that 
 of the UK.  
Source:   The Agreement and the EU-Serbia Agreement.  
 
4.55.   All services are covered under the Agreement except for air transport services, inland 
waterways and m aritime cabotage services to which Chapter II of Title V on establishment does not 
apply (Article 55 of the EU -Serbia Agreement). Regarding financial services, the Parties may take 
measures for prudential reasons, including for the protection of investors,  depositors, policy holders 
or persons to whom a fiduciary duty is owned by a financial service supplier, or to ensure the integrity 
and stability of the financial system (Article 54 of the EU -Serbia Agreement).  
4.5  Regulatory provisions  
4.5.1   Domestic regulation  
4.56.   There is no provision per se  in the incorporated Agreement on domestic regulation in line with 
Article VI of the GATS.  
4.57.   The Agreement does not commit Serbia to approximate its legislation to that of the UK 
(Article  71A). However, the Parties recognise that t here is an alignment of their legislation as a result 
of the EU -Serbia Agreement in the relevant sectors and agree that the operation of a number of 
provisions of the Agreement depends upon the continued alignment of their legislation in the relevant WT/REG455/1  
 
- 29 - 
 
  secto rs.14 The Article also provides for consultations if a Party considers that the necessary level of 
alignment of their legislation is no longer reached.  
4.5.2   Recognition  
4.58.   Article 57  of the EU -Serbia Agreement  provides that the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation 
Council shall examine which steps are necessary for mutual recognition of qualifications, in order to 
make it easier for nationals of a Party to take up and pursue regulated professional activities in the 
territory of the  other Party.  
4.5.3   Subsidies  
4.59.   As regards subsidie s, Article 73 of the EU-Serbia Agreement , described above  in section 
3.4.4   , applies to trade in services as well.   
4.5.4   Safeguards  
4.60.   Article 63  of the EU -Serbia Agreement  provides that when, in exceptional circumstances, 
movements of capital between the Parties  cause, or threaten to cause serious difficulties in the 
operation of exchange rate policy or monetary policy, they may take safeguard measures with regard 
to movements of capital for a period not exceeding six months if such measures are strictly 
necessary.  
4.6  Sector specific provisions on trade in services  
4.6.1   Financial services  
4.61.   Article 91 of the EU -Serbia Agreement encourages c ooperation  with the aim of establishing 
and developing a suitable framework for the encouragement of the banking, insurance and financial 
services sectors in Serbia based on fair competition practices and ensuring the necessary level 
playing field.  
4.62.   Annex VI of the EU-Serbia Agreement concerns financial services and sets out definitions to 
be used in Title V. It incorporates all of the definitions found in Article 5(a)(i) -(xvi) of the GATS 
Annex on Financial Service s. Certain a ctivities of central ban ks, government agencies or 
departments and other public institutions and activities forming part of a statutory system of social 
security or public retirement plans  are excluded from the Agreement .  
4.6.2   Transport services  
4.63.    Article 61  of the EU -Serbia Agreement  includes provisions specific to transport services. With 
respect to land transport, rules are laid out in Protocol 4. With regard to international maritime 
transport, t he Parties have agreed to undertake to effectively apply  the principle of unrestricted 
access to the international maritime markets and trades on a commercial basis, and to respect 
international obligations in the field of safety, security and environmental standards, and have 
affirmed their commitment to a freely competitive environment as an essential feature of 
international maritime transport.15 The conditions of mutual market access in air transport shall be 
dealt with by an agreement or arrangement governing air services between Serbia and the United 
Kingdom. Until such agreement is completed, the Parties shall not take any measures which are 
more restrictive or discriminatory compared with the situation existing prior to the entry into force 
of the Agreement.  
 
14 Articles  of the EU -Serbia Agreement  concerned are 49, 53,  54(1), 58, 59, 60(1) and 61.  
15 More specifically, the Parties shall (a) not introduce cargo -sharing clauses in future bilateral 
Agreements with third countries, (b) abolish all unilateral measures and administrative, technical and other 
obstacles that cou ld have restrictive or discriminatory effects on the free supply of services in international 
maritime transport, and (c) each Party shall grant no less favourable treatment for the ships operated by 
nationals or companies of the other Party than that acco rded to a Party's own ships with regard to access to 
ports, open to international trade, the use of infrastructure and auxiliary maritime services of the ports, as well 
as related fees and charges, customs facilities and the assignment of berths and facili ties for loading and 
unloading.  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 30 - 
 
  4.64.   The Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council shall examine ways of creating the conditions 
necessary for improving freedom to provide a ir, land and inland waterway transport services.  
4.65.   Protocol 4 lays down the rules applicable to the relationship between the Parties in order to 
ensure unrestricted road transit traffic across the Parties, the effective application of the principle of 
non-discrimination . The aim of the Protocol is to promote cooperation between the Parties in land 
transport (Article 1 of the Protocol). Cooperation covers land transport, and in particular road, rail 
and combined transport, and relevant infrastructure (Article 2 of the Protocol).  
4.66.   With regard to rail and combined transport, the Parties agreed to adopt mutually coordinated 
measures necessary for the development and promotion of rail and combined transport as a means 
of ensuring that a major proportion of their bilateral and transit t ransport through Serbia takes place 
under more environmentally friendly  conditions (Article 7 of Protocol 4).  
4.67.   In road transport, the Parties agree to grant each other unrestricted access to the transit 
traffic (Article 11  of the Protocol ).  
4.68.   Nothing in the  Agreement shall affect the rights and obligations under the Agreement between 
the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government 
of the Republic of Serbia on International Road Transport or any future agreement b etween the 
Parties on international road transport (Article 61A). The provisions of the Agreement (including 
Protocol 4) shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such agreements and in the 
event of any inconsistency those agreements sha ll prevail.  
5  GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  
5.1  Transparency  
5.1.  There are no provisions per se on transparency.  
5.2  Current payments and capital movements  
5.2.  In Article 62 of the EU -Serbia Agreement , the Parties undertake to authorize any payments 
and transfers in the current account of the balance of payments between themselves in freely 
convertible currency and in accordance with the provisions of Article VIII of the Articles of Agreement 
of the IMF.  
5.3  Exceptions  
5.3.  Prohibitions or restrictions on imports, exports or g oods in transit justified on grounds of i) 
public morality, public policy or public security, ii) the protection of health and human, animal or 
plant life, iii) the protection of national treasures of artistic, historic or archaeological value or iv) 
the protection of intellectual, industrial and commercial property, or rules relating to gold and silver 
are allowed but they shall not constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction 
on trade (Article 45  of the EU -Serbia Agreement ).  
5.4.  Under Article 69, while endeavouring, where possible , to avoid the imposition of restrictions 
for balance of payments purposes, where there are serious balance of payments difficulties, any 
Party may, in accordance with the conditions established under the  WTO Agreement, adopt 
restrictive measures, including on imports, which shall be of limited duration and may not go beyond 
that strictly necessary to remedy the balance of payments situation.  Any restrictive measure shall 
not apply to transfers related to investment , in particular to the repatriation of amounts invested or 
reinvested or revenues stemming therefrom.   
5.4  Accession and withdrawal  
5.5.  There is no provision for third parties to acced e to the Agreement.  
5.6.  The Agreement can be terminated by either Party denouncing it (Article 133  of the EU -Serbia 
Agreement ). Termination shall take effect six months from such a notification. The Agreement can WT/REG455/1  
 
- 31 - 
 
  also be suspended by either Party, with immediate effect, in the event of non -compliance by the 
other Party w ith one of the essential elements of the Agreement.  
5.5  Institutional framework  
5.7.  The Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council is established  to ensure that the Agreement 
operates properly (Article 9) . It takes over all the powers and responsibilities of the S tabilisation and 
Association Council established under Article 119 of the EU -Serbia Agreement. Unless the Parties 
otherwise agree, any decisions adopted by the Stabilisation and Association Council or the 
Stabilisation and Association Committee established  by the EU -Serbia Agreement before it ceased 
to apply to the UK shall, to the extent those decisions relate to the Parties to the Agreement, be 
deemed to have been adopted, mutatis mutandis . 
5.8.  The Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council  has the power to t ake decisions within the 
scope of the Agreement in the cases provided for therein and make appropriate recommendations  
(Article 121 of the EU -Serbia Agreement) . It may also create subcommittees. Under the EU -Serbia 
Agreement, f ive subcommittees have been e stablished on: trade, industry, customs, taxation and 
cooperation with other candidate countries; agriculture and fisheries, food safety, veterinary and 
phytosanitary matters; internal market and competition; economic and financial issues and 
statistics; and Transport.  As of 15 February 2023, no subcommittees have been needed.  
5.6  Dispute settlement  
5.9.  Dispute settlement is dealt with in Articles 129 and 130 of the EU -Serbia Agreement and 
Protocol 7 of the EU -Serbia Agreement. Article 130 describes the  procedures to be followed for  
consultations whereas Protocol 7 details procedures to be followed for arbitration.  
5.10.   The Parties agree to consult promptly through appropriate channels at the request of either 
Party, to discuss any matter concerning the inter pretation or implementation of the Agreement 
(Article 129 of the EU -Serbia Agreement). When a Party considers that a measure adopted by the 
other Party or a failure by that Party to act constitutes a breach of its obligations under the 
Agreement, it may ta ke appropriate measures . Before doing so , it should supply the Partnership, 
Trade and Cooperation Council  with all relevant information with a view to seeking a solution 
acceptable to the Parties , except in cases of special urgency, when a Party may take a ppropriate 
measures beforehand . 
5.11.   The Parties shall endeavour to resolve the dispute and reach a mutually acceptable solution 
through good faith consultations in the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council or other relevant 
body (Article 130  of the EU -Serbia Agreement). The dispute will be discussed at every meeting of 
the Council until it is resolved or arbitration procedures have been initiated under Protocol 7. If the 
Parties fail to resolve the dispute within two months of the initiation of the dispute  settlement 
procedure, they may submit the matter for arbitration under Protocol 7.  
5.12.   Protocol 7 of the EU -Serbia Agreement establishes a dispute settlement mechanism  to resolve  
differences concerning the interpretation and application of certain provisions of Title IV (free 
movement of goods),16 Title V (movement of workers, establishment, supply of services, capital)17 
and Title VI (approximation of laws, law enforcement and competition rules).18 
5.13.   Where the Parties fail to resolve their dispute, the complaining Party may submit a request in 
writing for the establishment of an arbitration panel to the Party complained against and the 
 
16 The dispute settlement mechanism is not applicable in relation to Articles 33 (protection of GIs for 
agricultural and fishery products and foodstuffs other than wine and spirit drinks), 40 (dumping and subsidy), 
41 (Safegu ards), 33 (GIs), 40 (Dumping) , paragraphs 1, 4 and 5 of Article 41, and Article 47.  
17 The dispute settlement mechanism applies with respect to differences concerning the interpretation 
and application of the following provisions: Chapter II Establishment (Articles 52 to 56 and 58), Chapter III 
Supply of services (Articles 59, 60 and 61, pa ragraphs 2 and 3), Chapter IV Current payments and movement 
of capital (Article 62 and Article 63 except paragraph 3, second sentence) and Chapter V General provisions 
(Articles 65 to 71).  
18 The dispute settlement mechanism applies with respect to differen ces concerning the interpretation 
and application of paragraph 2 of Articles 75 (intellectual, industrial and commercial property) , and 
paragraph  1 and the first subparagraph of paragraph 2 and 3 to 6  of Article 76 (public procurement).  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 32 - 
 
  Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council (Article 3 of Protocol 7). The Panel will notify its ruling 
to the Parties and the Interim Committee within 90 days and in n o case later than 120 days from its 
establishment (in urgent cases, every effort will be made to issue a ruling within 45 up to a maximum 
100 days).  
5.14.   Each Party will take any measure necessary to comply with the ruling of the Panel and the 
Parties will ende avour to agree on the reasonable period of time required to comply with the ruling 
(Article 6), which the Party complained against will notify no later than 30 days after the ruling 
(Article 7). Article 8 requires the Party complained against to notify the  other Party and the Interim 
Committee before the end of the reasonable period of time of any measure it has taken to comply 
with the Panel ruling. If there is disagreement about the compatibility of any measure taken, the 
complaining Party may request the  original Panel to rule on the matter. Once re -convened the Panel 
will rule within 45 days of the date of its re -establishment.  
5.15.   Temporary compensation is foreseen in Article 9 of the Protocol if the Party complained 
against fails to notify measures to comp ly with the Panel's ruling before the end of the reasonable 
period of time, or if the Panel rules that the measure notified is not in conformity with that Party's 
obligations under the Agreement. If there is no agreement on compensation within 30 days of t he 
end of the reasonable period of time or if the Panel rules under Article 8 that the measure taken to 
comply does not conform with the Agreement, the complaining Party is entitled, upon notification, 
to suspend the application of the benefits under the r elevant provisions  at a level equivalent to the 
adverse economic impact caused by the violation. The original panel may be reconvened under 
Article 3 of the Protocol to determine the level of suspension of benefits . The benefits suspended 
shall be consiste nt with  any such ruling of the Panel, temporary, and applied only until any measure 
found to violate the Agreement is withdrawn or amended so as to bring it into conformity with the 
Agreement or until the Parties have agreed to settle the dispute.  
5.16.   Complian ce with the Panel ruling should be notified by the Party complained against  (Article 
10 of Protocol 7) . The complaining Party may request that the Panel re -convene if there is no 
agreement on the measures taken to comply with the ruling. If the Panel decid es that compliance 
has not been sufficient it will determine whether the complaining Party can continue the suspension 
of benefits while if it rules that compliance conforms with the Agreement, the suspension of benefits 
will be terminated.  
5.17.   Article 11 of Protocol 7 provides for open hearings. All Panel decisions will be taken by majority 
vote and shall be binding on the Parties  (Article 14 of Protocol  7). They will be notified to the Parties 
and to the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council which will make them public unless it decides 
by consensus not to do so.  
5.18.   No later than six months after the entry into force of Protocol 7, a list of fifteen individuals 
who are willing and able to serve as arbitrators shall be established (Article 15 of Protocol 7).19  
5.19.   Article 16 of Protocol 7 provides for a choice of forum o nce Serbia accedes to the WTO. 
However, once a Party has instituted a dispute either under the provisions of the Agreement or 
under the WTO Agreement, it may not institute a dispute on the same measure in the other forum 
until the first proceeded has ended.  
5.7  Relationship with other agreements concluded by the parties  
5.20.   Table 5.1 shows participation by the Parties in other RTAs in force, both notified and not 
notified to the WTO.  
Table 5.1 UK and Serbia: participation in other RTAs (notified and non -notified in force), 
as of as of 17 March  2023 
RTA Name  Entry into 
forcea Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year WTO Provision  
UNITED KINGDOM  
United Kingdom – Iceland, 
Liechtenstein and Norway  01-Dec-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V   
 
19 The UK confirmed that, as of 15 February 2023, the list of arbitrators ha d not yet been established.  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  RTA Name  Entry into 
forcea Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year WTO Provision  
United Kingdom – Mexico  01-Jun-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Albania  03-May-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Jordan  01-May-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Ghana  05-Mar-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - United Kingdom  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Cameroon  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Canada  01-Jan-21 
01-Apr-21 Goods  
Services  2020 
2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - CARIFORUM 
States  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Central America  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom – Chile 01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom – Colombia, 
Ecuador and Peru  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Côte d'Ivoire  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Eastern and 
Southern Africa States  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Egypt  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Faroe Islands  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Georgia  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Israel  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Japan  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Kenya  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Kosovob 01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Lebanon  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Morocco  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - North Macedonia  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Pacific States  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
• United Kingdom - Pacific States - 
Accession of Samoa  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
• United Kingdom - Pacific States - 
Accession of Solomon Islands  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Palestine  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Republic of Korea  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Republic of 
Moldova  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - SACU and 
Mozambique  01-Jan-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom – Singapore  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Switzerland - 
Liechtenstein  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Tunisia  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Türkiye  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Ukraine  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Viet Nam  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
SERBIA  
Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) - 
Serbia  10-Jul-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
EFTA - Serbia  01-Oct-10 Goods  2010 GATT Art. XXIV  
Türkiye - Serbia  01-Sep-10 
01-Jun-19 Goods  
Services  2010 
2022 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  WT/REG455/1  
 
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  RTA Name  Entry into 
forcea Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year WTO Provision  
EU - Serbia  01-Feb-10 
01-Sep-13 Goods  
Services  2010 
2013 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
Central European Free Trade 
Agreement (CEFTA) 2006  01-May-07 
11-Jan-21 Goods  
Services  2007 GATT Art. XXIV  
Not notified  
Russian Federation - Serbiac 03-Jun-06 Goods  2012 GATT Art. XXIV  
Protocol on Trade Negotiations 
(PTN)  11-Feb-73 Goods  1971 Enabling Clause  
Kazakhstan - Serbia c 10-Jan-12 Goods   Not notified  
a Dates of the first entry into force/provisional application for at least one of the Parties. Where dates 
of provisional application have been provided by the Parties, further notifications to confirm the 
dates of entry into force are awaited.  
b Reference to Kosovo in t his table shall be understood to be in the context of the United Nations 
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).  
c Serbia indicate s that these agreements have been superseded by E AEU-Serbia.  
Source:  WTO Secretariat. Further information on these Agreements and on specific dates of entry into 
force/provisional applications may be found in the WTO Database on RTAs: http://rtais.wto.org .  
 
5.8  Government procurement  
5.21.   Article 76 of the EU -Serbia Agreement concerns public procurement. The Parties shall consider 
the opening up of the award of public contracts on the basis of non -discrimination and reciprocity, 
following in particular WTO rules , is a desirable objective. A Party's companies (whether based in 
Serbia or the EU) shall be granted access to contract award procedures in the other Party under 
treatment no less favourable than that accorded to its companies from the date of entry into fo rce 
of the Agreement. The UK shall periodically examine the possibility of applying such provisions to 
contracts in the utilities sector .  
5.9  Intellectual property rights  
5.22.   Article 75 of the EU-Serbia Agreement , as modified,  covers intellectual, industrial and 
commercial property. Pursuant to the provisions of Article 75 and Annex VII, the Parties confirm the 
importance they attach to ensuring adequate and effective protection and enforcement of 
intellectual, industrial and commercial property rights.  
5.23.   Serbia und ertakes to accede to the  multilateral conventions  on intellectual, industrial and 
commercial property rights referred to in  Annex VII of the Agreement.20 Any problems that occur  in 
the area of  intellectual, industrial or commercial property that affect trade conditions  shall be  
referred urgently to the Stabilisation and Association Council , at the request of either Party,  with a 
view to reaching  mutually satisfactory solution s. 
5.24.   Article 81  of the  EU-Serbia Agreement , as modified,  concerns the prote ction of personal data . 
The Parties commit to maintain legislation concerning personal data protection and shall take into 
account principles and guidelines of relevant international bodies on the protection of personal data. 
The Parties shall maintain one  or more independent supervisory bodies with sufficient financial and 
human resources in order to efficiently monitor and guarantee the enforcement of national personal 
data protection legislation.   
5.25.   Article 105 of the EU -Serbia Agreement , as modified,  on information society, provides for 
cooperat ion with a view to further developing the Information Society in Serbia  with the objective s 
to prepar e society as a whole for the digital age , attracting investments and ensuring the 
interoperability of networks and services . 
5.26.   Annex II to Protocol 2 of the EU -Serbia Agreement , as modified,  provides for the reciprocal 
recognition, protection and control of wine, spirit drinks and aromatised wine names. The list of 
protected names is included  in Appendix 1 o f Annex  II. 
 
20 As of 15 March 2023, Serbia is a Party  to all multilateral conventions mentioned on the Annex except 
for the TRIPS Agreement . WT/REG455/1  
 
- 35 - 
 
  5.10  Competition  
5.27.   Article 73 of the EU -Serbia Agreement recognizes that the following are incompatible with the 
proper functioning of the Agreement: i) all agreements between undertakings, decisions by 
associations of undertakings and concerted pract ices between  undertakings, which have as their 
object or effect, the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition , ii) abuse by one or more 
undertakings of a dominant position in the territories of the Parties as a whole or in a substantial 
part th ereof, and iii) any State aid which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring 
certain undertakings or products. The Parties  shall ensure that  an operationally independent 
authority  is entrusted  with the powers needed to fully apply i ) and ii) above, regarding private and 
public undertakings to which special rights have been granted.  
5.28.   If one of the Parties considers that a particular practice distorts or threatens to distort 
competition by favouring certain undertakings or certain prod ucts, it may take appropriate measures 
after consultation within the within the Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Council or after 30 
working days following the referral for consultations. Nothing in the Article shall prejudice or affect 
the taking of cou ntervailing measures in accordance with GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on 
Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and the respective internal legislation of the Parties.  
5.29.   Under Article 74  of the EU -Serbia Agreement , with regard to public undertakings and 
undertakings to which special or exclusive rights have been granted, the Parties shall ensure that 
there is neither enacted nor maintained any measure distorting trade between the Parties contrary 
to the ir interests. The Article should not obstruct the perfor mance in law or in fact of the particular 
tasks assigned to those undertakings  
5.11  Environment  
5.30.   Under Title VIII of the EU-Serbia  Agreement , policies designed to bring about the economic 
and social development of Serbia should ensure that environmental consider ations are fully 
incorporated and linked to the requirements of harmonious social development (Article 88  of the EU -
Serbia Agreement ). 
5.31.   Under Article 94  of the EU -Serbia Agreement , one of the objectives of industrial cooperation 
between economic operators o f the Parties shall be the strengthening of the private sector under 
conditions which ensure that the environment is protected.  
5.32.   Incorporating modifications to Article 108 of the EU -Serbia Agreement, cooperation under this 
article should include improving p rotection of the environment in transport.  
5.33.   The Parties shall develop and strengthen their cooperation in environment with the vital task 
of halting further degradation and start improving the environmental situation with the aim of 
sustainable development (Article 111  of the EU -Serbia Agreement ). They shall establish cooperation 
with the aim of strengthening administrative structures and procedures to ensure strategic planning 
of environment issues and coordination between relevant  actors . Cooperation could  also centre on 
the development of strategies to significantly reduce local, regional and trans -boundary air and water 
pollution, to establish a framework for efficient, clean, sustainable and renewable production and 
consumption of energy, and to execute environmental impact assessment and strategic 
environmental assessment. Special attention shall be paid to the implementation of the Kyoto 
Protocol.  
5.34.   Moreover, amongst other references to the environment under Protocol  4 on land and 
transport, Article 15 states that in order to protect the environment, the Parties shall endeavour to 
introduce standards on gaseous and particulate emissions and noise levels for heavy goods vehicles, 
which ensure a high level of protection.   
5.12  Labour  
5.35.   Article 101 of the EU -Serbia Agreement provides for cooperation on employment  which shall 
focus on upgrading job -finding and careers advice services, providing back -up measures and 
promoting local development to assist industrial and labour market  restructuring. It shall also include 
measures such as studies, the secondment of experts and information and training operations.  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 36 - 
 
  5.13  Electronic commerce  
5.36.    There are no provisions on e -commerce.  
5.14  Small and medium -sized enterprises  
5.37.   Article 95 of the EU -Serbia Agreement provides for cooperation between the Parties aimed at 
developing and strengthening private sector small - and medium -sized enterprises (SMEs), and the 
establishment of new undertakings in areas offering potential for growth and co operation between 
SMEs.  
 WT/REG455/1  
 
- 37 - 
 
  ANNEX 1  
1. A comparison between the scheduled elimination of tariffs applied to the Parties' mutual 
imports and the duty rates applied by them on MFN imports is shown in    
2. Table A1. 1 and Table A1. 2, by HS Chapters 1 -24 (agricultural products), 25 -97 (industrial 
products) and total products. Applied  MFN duty rates in 2021 serve as a comparison.  
3. The UK's overall average applied MFN tariff rate in 2021 was 3.8%. The average applied tariff 
on agricultural goods in HS Chapters 1 -24 was 8.9%, compared to an average applied tariff of 2.5% 
on industrial goods. Under the Agreement, the average applied rates were 0.1% overall, 0.5% for 
agricultural products and 0% for industrial products. As a result, Serbian exporters had a relative 
margin of preference of 9 7% overall and 9 4% and 100% for agricultural and industrial products  
respectively . Duty -free tariff lines on an MFN basis accounted for 47% of all tariff lines while under 
the Agreement in 2021, the share of duty -free tariff lines overall was 99.6% (98.6% for agricultural 
products and 100% for industrial products).  
Table A1. 1 UK: Indicators of MFN and preferentia l rates for imports from Serbia  
Origin of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  HS Chapters 01 -24 HS Chapters 25 -97 
Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2021 3.8 7.8 47.0 8.9 12.0 18.8 2.5 5.8 57.1 
Agreement  2021 0.1 11.2 97.3 0.5 11.2 89.6 0.0 0.0 100.0  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation. For the calculation of averages, 
specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, the average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. The products classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level are counted once and their tariff rates 
are averaged to the 8 -digit level.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the UK.  
 
4. Serbia 's average appli ed tariff rate in 2021 was 8.8% overall, 16.4% on agricultural goods in 
HS Chapters 1 -24 and 6.1% on industrial goods. The overall average tariff for imports from the UK 
fell to 0.7%, while the tariff for agricultural and industrial products was respective ly 2.9% and 0%. 
As a result, exporters from the UK had a relative margin of preference of 92% overall, and 82% and 
100% respectively for industrial and agricultural products. Duty -free tariff lines accounted for 1.1% 
of all tariff lines, 0% for agricultura l products and 1.5% for industrial products . Under the Agreement, 
the share of duty -free tariff lines overall in 2021 was 95% (80.5% for agricultural products and 
100% for industrial products).  
Table A1. 2 Serbia: Indicators of MF N tariff rates and preferential rates for imports from 
the UK  
Origin of 
goods  Year ALL PRODUCTS  HS Chapters 1 -24 HS Chapters 25 -97 
Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Applied 
rates 2021  8.8   8.8   1.1   16.4   16.4  0   6.1   6.2   1.5  
Agreement  2021  0.7   15.4   95.0   2.9   15.4   80.5  0.0 0.0  100.0  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Serbian authorities and the WTO -IDB. WT/REG455/1  
 
- 38 - 
 
  5. Table A1 .3 shows the market access opportunities in the UK for Serbia's top 25 exports, which 
in 2018 -2020 covered 91 tariff lines and accounted for 33% of Serbia 's global exports. 39 lines were 
already duty free on an MFN basis in the UK's market in 2021 while th e remaining 52 were duty-
free under the Agreement.  
Table A1. 3 UK: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Serbia's top 25 
exports to the world  
Serbia's top export products in 2018 -20 Access Conditions to UK's markets  
HS number and description  Share 
in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2021  
Duty Free 
under the 
Agreemen
t (2021)  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
Tariff 
(%) No. 
of 
duty-
free 
lines  No. of 
dutia -
ble 
lines  
854430  Ignition wiring sets and other wiring 
sets for vehicles, aircraft or ships  6.0 1.8  1 1  
401110  New pneumatic tyres  2.7 4.0  1 1  
100590  Maize  2.3 0.0 1    
740311  Copper  2.0 0.0 1    
081120  Frozen raspberries, blackberries, 
mulberries, loganberries, black -, 
white - or red currants and 
gooseberries  1.5 15.1  7 7  
870322  Motor cars and other motor vehicles  1.4 10.0  2 2  
841370  Centrifugal pumps, power -driven  1.2 0.0 11    
300490  Medicaments  1.2 0.0 1    
940190  Parts of seats  1.2 1.3 1 2 2  
850110  Motors of an output <= 37,5 w  1.1 0.0 4    
271019  Medium oils and preparations  1.1 1.2 12 13 13  
340220  Surface -active preparations, washing 
preparations, auxiliary washing 
preparations and cleaning 
preparations  1.1 4.0  2 2  
240220  Cigarettes  1.1 30.0  2 2  
870331  Motor cars and other motor vehicles  1.1 10.0  2 2  
481159  Paper and paperboard  1.1 0.0 1    
850300  Parts suitable for use solely or 
principally with electric motors and 
generators, electric generating sets 
and rotary converters  1.0 2.0  3 3  
611521  Pantyhose and tights of synthetic 
fibres  0.8 12.0  1 1  
870899  Parts and accessories, for tractors, 
motor vehicles  0.7 2.7  3 3  
730890  Structures and parts of structures  0.7 0.0 3    
854449  Electric conductors  0.7 1.6 1 4 4  
720837  Flat-rolled products of iron or non -
alloy steel  0.7 0.0 1    
760612  Plates, sheets and strip, of aluminium 
alloys  0.6 6.0  6 6  
240319  Smoking tobacco  0.6 70.0  2 2  
100199  Wheat and meslin  0.6 *  1 1  
721012  Flat-rolled products of iron or non-
alloy steel  0.6 0.0 2    
Total of above  33.0 7.2 39 52 52 - 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation. For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, the average rate for the ent ire year is used for the 
calculation. The products classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level are counted once and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digit level.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by UK and UNSD Comtrade Database . WT/REG455/1  
 
- 39 - 
 
  6. Table A1. 4 shows the market access opportunities in Serbia for the UK's top 25 exports, which 
in 2018 -2020 covered 117 HS lines and accounted for 38.4% of the UK's global exports . 9 lines were 
already duty free in Serbia in 2021 while the remaining 108 were duty-free under the Agreement.  
Table A1. 4 Serbia: Market access opportunities under the agreement for the UK's top 25 
exports to the world  
United Kingdom's top export products  
in 2018 - 2020  Access Conditions to Serbia's import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports (%)  Applied tariff (2021)  
Duty Free 
under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  Avg 
applied 
rate (%)  
No. of 
duty-free 
lines  
No. of 
dutiable 
lines  
710813  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, in semi -
manufactured forms, for non-monetary 
purposes  5.6 10.0  2 2  
270900  Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals, crude  4.9 1.0  2 2  
300490  Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed 
products for therapeutic or prophylactic 
purposes,  3.2 3.7  3 3  
880330  Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters, n.e.s.  2.9 1.0  1 1  
841112  Turbojets of a thrust > 25 kn  2.6 1.0  3 3  
870323  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport of <10 
persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ 
but <= 3.000 cm³  2.4 9.2  5 5  
841191  Parts of turbojets or turbopropellers, n.e.s.  2.1 1.0  1 1  
870324  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport of <10 
persons, of a cylinder capacity > 3.000 cm³  1.7 9.0  4 4  
220830  Whiskies  1.3 30.0  11 11  
271012  Light oils and preparations  1.3 2.5  11 11  
970110  Paintings, e.g. oil paintings, watercolours and 
pastels, and drawings executed entirely by 
hand 1.3 5.0  1 1  
870322  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport of <10 
persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.000 cm³ 
but <= 1.500 cm³  1.2 9.0  4 4  
711319  Articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of 
precious metal other than silver  1.0 20.0  1 1  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of petroleum 
or bituminous minerals, not containing 
biodiesel, n.e.s.  1.0 1.1 6 19 19  
870332  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport of <10 
persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ 
but <= 2.500 cm³  0.7 9.2  5 5  
300220  Vaccines for human medicine  0.6  2    
870340  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport of <10 
persons, of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ 
but <= 2.500 cm³  0.6 9.2  5 5  
711021  Palladium, unwrought or in powder form  0.6 10.0  1 1  
300215  Immunological products, for retail sale  0.6  1    
851762  Machines for the reception, conversion and 
transmission or regeneration of voice, images 
or other data  0.6 13.3  3 3  
382200  Diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a 
backing, prepared diagnostic or laboratory 
reagents  0.5 1.0  1 1  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 40 - 
 
  United Kingdom's top export products  
in 2018 - 2020  Access Conditions to Serbia's import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  
Share in 
global 
exports (%)  Applied tariff (2021)  
Duty Free 
under the 
Agreement  
Remain 
dutiable  Avg 
applied 
rate (%)  
No. of 
duty-free 
lines  
No. of 
dutiable 
lines  
490199  Printed books, brochures and similar printed 
matter  0.5 1.0  1 1  
870333  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport of <10 
persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, 
with only diesel engine of a cylinder capacity 
> 2.500 cm³  0.5 9.2  5 5  
840890  Compression -ignition internal combustion 
piston engine "diesel or semi -diesel engine"  0.4 3.6  16 16  
870899  Parts and accessories, for tractors, motor 
vehicles for the transport of ten or more 
persons  0.4 1.0  3 3  
 Total of above  38.4 7.0 9 108 108 - 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in-quota rates are excluded in the computation.   
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on the data provided by the Serbian and the UK authorities and the WTO -IDB. 
 WT/REG455/1  
 
- 41 - 
 
  ANNEX 2  
Table A2. 1 UK: Tariff Rate Quotas under the Agreement (metric tonnes, MT)  
TRQs/Product's HS Codes  Tariff rates under 
the Agreement  
MFN Rates  
In-quota  Out-of-
quota  
Products from HS Chapter 01 (1,185 tonnes)a 
0102295911, 0102295110, 0102295921, 
0102299991, 0102295931, 0102299921, 
0102295991, 0102299110  2% + 15.40 
GBP/100kg  MFN 10% + 77.00 
GBP/100 kg  
0201100092, 0201202094, 0201202092, 0201100094  2.4% + 
29.40 
GBP/100kg  MFN 12% + 147.00 
GBP/100 kg  
0201203092, 0201203094  2.4% + 
23.60 
GBP/100kg  MFN 12.00% + 118.00 
GBP / 100 kg  
0201205092, 0201205094  2.4% + 
35.40 
GBP/100kg  MFN 12.00% + 177.00 
GBP / 100 kg  
Products from HS Chapter 03 (12,000 kilogrammes)b 
03027300, 0304390020, 0304510010, 03019300, 
0304690020, 03032500, 0304939010  0% 5.6%  8% 
0305100020, 0305520010, 0305640010  0% 8.4%  12% 
0305310010  0% 11.2%  16% 
0305449010  0% 9.8%  14% 
Products from HS Chapter 03 (2,000 kilogrammes)c 
03019190, 03044290, 0305100010, 03021180, 
03031420, 16041311, 16041390, 03048210, 
0305598561, 03031490, 03044210, 03021120, 
03048290, 16041950, 16041319, 0305698061  0% 8.4%  12% 
03048250, 0304992111, 0304992112, 0304520010, 
0304992120, 03019110, 03021110, 03031410, 
03044250  0% 6.3%  8% 
0305399010  0% 11.2%  16% 
16041100, 16042010  0% 3.8%  4% 
16041210, 03054300, 16042090  0% 10.5%  14% 
16041448, 16041436, 16041995, 16041800, 
16041931, 16041299, 16041421, 16041431, 
16041441, 16041992, 16041590, 16041700, 
16043200, 16041997, 16041993, 16041994, 
16041446, 16041426, 16043100, 16042070, 
16041428, 16041291, 16042005, 16041438, 
16041939  0% 16.8%  20% 
16041600, 16041490, 16041511, 16042040, 
16041519, 16042050*  0% 17.5%  25% 
16041910, 16041991, 16042030  0% 4.9%  6% 
Products from HS Chapter 17 (24,652 tonnes)d 
17011290, 17019990, 17011390, 17011490, 
17019100, 17019910  0% MFN 35.00 GBP/100 kg  
17011410*, 17011310*, 17011210  0% MFN 28.00 GBP/100 kg / 
std qual  
17021100, 17021900  0% MFN 11.00 GBP/100 kg  
17022090  0% MFN 8% 
17023010, 17026010, 17024010, 17029030  0% MFN 42.00 GBP/100 kg / 
net dry  
17023050  0% MFN 22.00 GBP/100 kg  
17025000  0% MFN 16% + 42.00 
GBP/100 kg / net dry  
17029010  0% MFN 12% 
17029071, 17029095, 17029080, 17026080, 
17022010, 17026095  0% MFN 0.30 GBP/100 kg/% 
sacchar.  
17029075  0% MFN 23.00 GBP/100 kg  
17029079, 17024090, 17029050, 17023090  0% MFN 16.00 GBP/100 kg  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 42 - 
 
  TRQs/Product's HS Codes  Tariff rates under 
the Agreement  
MFN Rates  
In-quota  Out-of-
quota  
Products from HS Chapter 22 (1,675 hl)e 
22042210, 22042910  0% MFN 26.00 GBP/hl  
2204299720*, 2204229320*, 2204229520*, 
2204229720*, 2204299320*, 2204299520*, 
2204299621*, 2204229421*, 2204299821*, 
2204229621*, 2204299421*, 2204229821*  0% MFN 10.00 GBP/hl  
2204299730*, 2204229530*, 2204299530*, 
2204229330*, 2204229831*, 2204229730*, 
2204299330*, 2204229631*, 2204229431*, 
2204299431*, 2204299831*, 2204299631*  0% MFN 12.00 GBP/hl  
2204299740*, 2204229441*, 2204299540*, 
2204229340*, 2204229540*, 2204229740*, 
2204299340*, 2204299441*, 2204229641*, 
2204299641*, 2204229841*, 2204299841*  0% MFN 17.00 GBP/hl  
2204299790*, 2204229451*, 2204299590*, 
2204229390*, 2204229590*, 2204229790*, 
2204299390*, 2204299651*, 2204299851*, 
2204229651*, 2204299451*, 2204229851*  0% MFN 1.40 GBP/% vol/hl  
2204299811*, 2204299710*, 2204229310*, 
2204229510*, 2204229710*, 2204299310*, 
2204299510*, 2204299611*, 2204229411 *, 
2204229811*, 2204229611*, 2204299411*  0% MFN 8.20 GBP/hl  
Products from HS Chapter 22 (7,491 hl)f 
22042109, 22041093, 22041096, 22041098, 
22042106, 22042107, 22042108, 22041094  0% MFN 26.00 GBP/hl  
2204219511*, 2204219711*, 2204219319*, 
2204219419*, 2204219611*, 2204219811*  0% MFN 10.00 GBP/hl  
2204219521*, 2204219721*, 2204219329*, 
2204219429*, 2204219621*, 2204219821*  0% MFN 12.00 GBP/hl  
2204219531*, 2204219731*, 2204219331*, 
2204219431*, 2204219631*, 2204219831*  0% MFN 15.00 GBP/hl  
2204219541*, 2204219741*, 2204219341*, 
2204219841*, 2204219441*, 2204219641*  0% MFN 17.00 GBP/hl  
2204219551*, 2204219751*, 2204219351*, 
2204219451*, 2204219651*, 2204219851*  0% MFN 1.40 GBP/% vol/hl  
Products from HS Chapter 22 (681 hl)g 
2204219429*  0% MFN 12.00 GBP/hl  
2204229411*, 2204229811*, 2204229710*, 
2204299310*, 2204299510*, 2204299611*, 
2204299411*, 2204299710*, 2204299811*, 
2204229510*, 2204229611*, 2204229310*  0% MFN 8.20 GBP/hl  
2204299320*, 2204299421*, 2204299520*, 
2204229821*, 2204229720*, 2204229320*, 
2204299621*, 2204229421*, 2204299720*, 
2204229520*, 2204299821*, 2204229621*  0% MFN 10.00 GBP/hl  
*  Tariff lines also subject to MFN TRQs.  
a  In 2021, 734 tonnes for pro rata quota volume from 20 May to  31 December.  
b  In 2021, 7,430 kilogrammes for pro rata quota volume from 20 May to 31 December.  
c  In 2021, 1,238 kilogrammes for pro rata quota volume from 20 May to 31 December.  
d  The administration period of this quota is not a calendar year but it i s from 01 October to 30 of 
September of the next year. In 2021, 9,050 tonnes for pro rata quota volume from 20 May to 30 
September .  
e  In 2021, 1,037 hl for pro rata quota volume from 20 May to 31 December.  
f  In 2021, 4,638 hl for pro rata quota volume f rom 20 May to 31 December.  
g  In 2021, 421 hl for pro rata quota volume from 20 May to 31 December; also, this quota can only be 
accessed once the other wine quotas have been exhausted.  
Source:  Based on data provided by the UK.  WT/REG455/1  
 
- 43 - 
 
  Table A2. 2 Serbia: Tariff Rate Quotas under the Agreement  
TRQs/Product's HS Codes  Tariff rates under the Agreement  MFN 
Rates  In-quota  Out-of-quota  
Live swine (27 tonnes)  
0103921100  0% 12% + 4.8 RSD each  30% 
0103921900  0% 9% +  3.6 RSD each  30% 
Edible meat offal (27 tonnes)  
0206410000, 0206490000  0% 6% 30% 
Carp (3 tonnes)  
0301930000  10% 18%+ 12 RSD/kg  30% 
Milk and cream (10 tonnes)  
0402101100, 0402101900, 0402109900  5% 9% + 25.2 RSD/kg  20% 
0402211100, 0402211800  5% 7% + 19.6 RSD/kg  20% 
Buttermilk, curdled milk and cream, yoghurt (26 tonnes)  
0403101100, 0403101300  0% 6% + 3 RSD/kg  20% 
0403909100, 0403909300  0% 8% 20% 
Cheese and curd (7 tonnes)  
0406103000, 0406105000, 0406108000  0% 6% + 16 RSD/kg  30% 
0406301000, 0406303100, 0406303900, 0406309000  0% 12% + 16 RSD/kg  30% 
0406901300, 0406901500, 0406901700, 
0406901800, 0406902100, 0406902500, 
ex0406908900, ex0406909200  0% 18% + 24 RSD/kg  30% 
0406902300, 0406902900, 0406903200  0% 10.5% + 14 RSD/kg  30% 
0406903700, 0406903900  0% 15% + 20 RSD/kg  30% 
0406905000, 0406906100, 0406906300, 
0406906900, 0406907300, 0406907400, 
0406907500, 0406907600, 0406907800, 
0406907900, 0406908100, 0406908200, 
0406908400, 0406908600, ex0406908900, 
ex0406909200, 0406909300,  0406909900  0% 9% + 12 RSD/kg  30% 
Potatoes, fres h or chilled (22 tonnes)  
0701909000  0% 6% 30% 
Frozen vegetables (3 tonnes)  
0710210000  0% 4% + 3.6 RSD/kg  20% 
Wheat and meslin (41 tonnes)  
1001990000  0% 18% 30% 
Maize (corn) (37 tonnes)  
1005101800  0% 9% 30% 
Sunflower -seed, safflower, or cotton -seed oil (8 tonnes)  
1512199000  5% 30% 30% 
Other prepared or preserved meat (20 tonnes)  
1602100000, 1602411000, 1602419000, 
1602421000, 1602429000, 1602491100, 
1602491300, 1602491500, 1602491900, 
1602493000, 1602495000, 1602499000, 
1602501000, 160 2503100, 1602509500  0% 6% + 8 RSD/kg  30% 
Cane or beet sugar (10 tonnes)  
1701129000, 1701149000, 1701991000  0% 12% + 12 RSD/kg  20% 
Fruit and vegetable juices (3 tonnes)  
2009899600  0% 8% 20% 
Quality sparkling wine (3,405 hl)  
220410  
220421  0% 30% 30% 
Undenatured ethyl alcohol (161 tonnes)  
2207100000  0% 12% + 12 RSD/kg  30% 
Tobacco (10 tonnes)  
2401 
2401203500  
ex Burley type (including Burley hybrids), partly 
stemmed/stripped  
ex Burley type (including Burley hybrids), wholly 
stemmed/stripped  0% 10% 
10% + 20 RSD/kg  
 
 
10% + 25 RSD/kg  10% 
Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos, and cigarettes (3 tonnes)  
2402209000  10% 57.6%  57.6%  
Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos, and cigarettes (218 tonnes)  
2402209000  15% 57.6%  57.6%  
Source:  Serbian authorities and the Agreement.  
__________