DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS 780  
Second  Edition  
2021 -mm-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
DUS 780:2021  
© UNBS 2021   
  
  
Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) — Specification  DUS 780:2021  
ii © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for i ts correct application  
© UNBS 2021   
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior writte n 
permission from UNBS.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: +256 41 4 333 2 50/1/2/3  
Fax: +256 41 4 286 123  
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  DUS 780:2021  
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
4 Essent ial quality and composition requirements  ................................ ................................ ..............  2 
4.1 Raw materials  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  2 
4.2 Finished product  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  2 
5 Food additives  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  3 
6 Hygiene  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  3 
7 Contaminants  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  4 
7.1 He avy metals  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  4 
7.2 Aflatoxin  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  4 
7.3 Pesticide residues  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
8 Weights and me asures  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  4 
9 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
10 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  5 
10.1  General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  5 
10.2  Nutritional labelling, nutrition and health claims  ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
11 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  5 
 DUS 780:2021  
iv © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade , Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327 , of the Laws of Uganda , as amended .  UNBS is mandated to co -
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Sta ndardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT  Agreement  of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through T echnical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders 
including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.  
Draft Uganda Stand ards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National S tandards Council.  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS /TC 211, [Fish and Fishery 
products ]. 
This second  edition cancels and replaces the first edition ( US 780:2012 ), which  has b een technically revised.  
 DUS 780:2021  
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  v 
 Introduction  
Silver cyprinid ( Rastrineobola argentea ) is a nutritious and low -cost source of proteins for food and feed . 
Processing and storage of silver cyprinid are still sub -optimal and may therefore impact on its quality and  
safety  
Globally, around 14 percent of food produced is lost from the post -harvest stage up to, but excluding, the retail 
stage. Highly nutritious material is lost or nutritionally compromised, affecting the diets of millions of people, 
including in region s where undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are endemic ( FAO, 2011 ).  
The Fish industry in Uganda plays a very important role in the economy through em ployment creation, income 
generation, foreign exchange earnings and contribution to food security and poverty reduction strategies. 
Uganda exports annually about 40,000 tonnes of fishery products which earn about USD140 million  annually 
(FAO, 2010 ). 
 
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 780:2021  
 
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  1 
 Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) — Specification  
1 Scope   
This Working Draft Uganda Standard specifies requirements and methods of sampling and test for powdered 
silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) of the species Rastrineobola argentea, intended for human consumption.  
2 Normative references   
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content 
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated 
references, the  latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
US 28, Code of practice for hygiene in the food and drink manufacturing industry   
US 45, General standard for food additives   
US 738, General standard for contaminants and toxin s in food and feed   
US 919, Dried silver cyprinid (Mukene) – Specification  
US EAS 803 , Nutrition labelling - Requirements  
US EAS 804 , Claims on food - Requirements  
US EAS 805 , Use of nutrition and health claims - Requirements  
US ISO 11290 -2, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the detection and 
enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes – Part 2: Enumeration method  
US ISO 13720, Meat and meat products — Enumeration of presumptive Pseudomonas spp .  
US ISO 15089 , Water quality Guidelines for selective immunoassays for the determination of plant treatment 
and pesticide agents  
US ISO 16050 , Food stuffs - Determination of aflatoxins B1 and total content of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 
in cereals, nuts, and derived products ? High p erformance liquid chromatographic method  
US ISO 21527 -2, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
yeasts and moulds — Part 2: Colony count technique in products with water activity less than or equal to 0.95  
US ISO 4831, Microbiology of foods and animal feeding stuffs ─ Horizontal method for the detection and 
enumeration of coliforms – Most probable number technique   
US ISO 4833, Microbiology of foods and animal feeding stuffs ─ Horizontal method for the enum eration of 
microorganisms – Colony count technique at 30 °C technique   
US ISO 5985, Animal feeding stuffs — Determination of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid    
2 © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 US ISO 6490 -1, Animal feeding stuffs — Determination of calcium content — Part 1: Titrimetric m ethod   
US ISO 6579, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the detection of 
Salmonella spp. (Cor_1_2004)   
US ISO 6888 -1, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
coagulase -positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species) — Part 1: Technique using 
Baird -Parker agar medium   
US ISO 7251, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the detection and 
enumeration of presumptive Escherichia c oli — Most probable number technique  
US ISO 7937, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
Clostridium perfringens — Colony -count  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document, the following ter ms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain 
terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  
3.1  
powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene )  
product produced by milling or grinding of dried silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) into powder  
3.2  
foreign matter  
presence in the sample unit of any matter, which has not been derived from the fish does not pose a threat to 
human health, and is readily recognized without magni fication or is present at a level determined by any 
method including magnification that indicates non -compliance with good manufacturing and sanitation 
practices  
3.3  
extraneous matter  
organic matter of silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) origin other than powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene )  
3.4  
food grade material  
materials that are free from substances that are hazardous to human health  
 
4 Essential quality and composition requirements  
4.1 Raw materials  
The raw material shall be dried silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) of sound quality that complies with the requirements 
of US 919.  
4.2 Finished product  
Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) shall be safe and suitable for human consumption and shall conform to the 
following requirements. It shall:  
a) have taste and odour typic al of the product;  
b) have colour characteristic of the variety;  DUS  780: 2021  
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  3 
 c) be free from any indication of spoilage; and  
d) be free from extraneous and foreign matter.  
 
4.3 Specific requirements  
4.3.1 With regard to the particle size, using a standard method o f sifting, not less than 90 % of the product 
shall pass through a sieve the dimension of the mesh of which is of diameter of 1000 μm.  
4.3.2 The powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.  
Table 1 — Specific requirements f or powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) 
S/N 
 Parameter  Requirement  
 Test methods  
1 Moisture content, % m/m, 
max.  10 Annex A  
2 Total ash content, % max.  15 AOAC 923.03  
3 Acid insoluble ash, % max.  0.5 US ISO 5985  
4 Protein content, % min. 
(NX5.7)  45 AOAC 954.01  
5 Crude fat, % max.  14 AOAC 922.06  
6 Iron, mg/100 g, min  8 AOAC 999.11  
7 Zinc, mg/100 g, min  5 AOAC 999.11  
8 Calcium, mg/100 g, min.  1500  US ISO 6490 -1  
5 Food additives  
Food additives may be used in the preparation of powdered s ilver cyprinid ( Mukene ) in accordance with US 
45. 
6 Hygiene  
Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) shall be produced and handled in a hygienic manner in accordance with 
US 28. Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) shall comply with the microbiological limits given  in Table 2.  
Table 2 — Microbiological limits for Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) 
S/N Microorganisms  Requirement  Method of test  
1 Pseudomonas species/g, 
max.  Absent  US ISO 13720  
2 Salmonella in 25 g, max.  Absent  US ISO 6579  
3 E. coli /g, max.  Absent  US ISO 7251  
US ISO 166 49-2 
4 Staphylococcus aureus/ g, 
max.  103 US ISO 6888 -1  
5 Total viable count/g, max.  105 US ISO 4833   
4 © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 6 Yeast and moulds cfu/g  104 US ISO 21527 -2  
7 Clostridium perfrigens /g, 
max.  Absent  US ISO 7937  
8 Listeria monocytogenes in 
25 g, max.  Absent  US ISO 11290 -2  
7 Contaminants  
Powdered  silver cyprinid  (Mukene ) shall comply with maximum levels for contaminants in accordance with US 
738. 
7.1 He avy metals  
Powdered  silver cyprinid  (Mukene ) shall comply with the hea vy metal limits given in Table 3  when tested in 
accordance with the test methods specified therein  
Table 3  — Heavy metal limits for canned silver cyprinid ( Rastrineobola argentea ) 
S/N Heavy metal  Maximum limit  
mg/kg  Test method  
i.  Arsenic  0.1 AOAC 952.13  
ii.  Lead  0.3 AOAC 972.23  
iii.  Cadmium  0.3 AOAC 973.34  
iv.  Mercury  0.5 AOAC 983.20  
7.2 Aflatoxin  
When tested in accordance with  US ISO 16050, the l evel of total aflatoxin in Powdered  silver c yprinid shall not 
exceed  10 μg/kg.  
7.3 Pesticide residues  
Powdered  silver cyprinid  (Mukene ) shall comply with those maximum pesticides residue limits given in Table 4 
when tested in accordance with the test methods specified therein.  
Table 4  — Pesticide re sidue limits  in Powdered  silver cyprinid ( Rastrineobola argentea ) 
S/N Pesticide residue  Maximum limit  
mg/kg  Test method  
i Dichloro -diphenyl -
trichloroethane  (DDT)  0.1 
US ISO 15089  ii Polychlorinated 
biphenyls  (PCBs )  0.01 
iii Dioxin  0.01 
 
8 Weights and measures  
Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) shall be packaged in accordance with the Weights and measures 
legislation of the destination country.  DUS  780: 2021  
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  5 
 9 Packaging  
9.1 Powdered  silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) shall be packaged in food grade packaging that will safe guard the 
hygienic, nutritional, technological, and organoleptic qualities of the product.  
9.2 The packaging containers used shall conform to the requirements given in US 1659.  
10 Labelling  
10.1 General  
10.1.1  In addition to the requirements given in US E AS 38, the following specific labelling requirements shall 
apply and shall be legibly and indelibly marked : 
a) name of the product as “Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene )”; and/or local name 
(Omena/Dagaa/Mukene/Indagala  and Isambaza );  
b) net weight in metric unit s;  
c) name and physical address of the manufacturer/packer/distributor ;  
d) date of manufacture;  
e) instructions for use  
10.1.2  The name of the product declared on the label shall be the common or usual name applied to the 
species in accordance with the law and c ustom of the country in which the product is sold, and in  a 
manner not to mislead the consumer.  
10.1. 3 The name of the product shall be qualified by a term descriptive of the presentation.  
10.1. 4 Where a mixture of species of the same genus are used, the y shall be indicated on the label.  
10.1. 5 In addition, the label shall include other descriptive terms that will avoid misleading or confusing the 
consumer.  
10.2 Nutritional la belling, nutrition and health claims  
Nutritional labelling, nutrition and healt h claims shall be made in accordance with US EAS 803, US EAS 804 
and US EAS 805. 
11 Sampling  
Powdered silver cyprinid ( Mukene ) shall be sampled in accordance with US CAC/GL 50.   
6 © UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  
 Annex A  
(normative)  
Determination of moisture content  
A.1 Principle  
The met hod determines moisture content as the loss of mass fraction, expressed as a percentage, of a 
sample when heated under specified conditions.  
A.2 Apparatus  
A.2.1 Analytical balance  
A.2.2 Moisture dishes  
A.2.3 Desiccator  
A.3.3 Air oven  
A.3 Procedure  
A.3.1 Place a moisture  dish containing about 20 g of acid washed sand and a glass rod in an 
air oven and dry to constant weight at 103 °C ± 2 °C (1 h should be sufficient). Cool in a 
desiccator for 30 min and weigh the dish with sand and glass rod (4 -place balance).  
A.3.2 Add about 5 g of the sample and reweigh.  
A.3.3 Add about 5 cm 3 of industrial ethanol and stir with the glass rod to give a homogenous 
paste.  
A.3.4 Place on a water bath (temperature 60 °C to 80 °C) and stir occasionally until all th e 
ethanol has evaporated.  
A.3.5 Place the dish and content (including the glass rod) in an air oven and dry to constant 
weight at 103 °C ± 2 °C. Cool in a desiccator for 30 min and weigh.  
A.4 Calculation  
Moisture, per cent by mass = 1 2 100 M M 
   
where  
M2 is the  loss of mass, in grams, of the sample, and  
M1 is the mass, in grams, of the sample taken.  
 
 DUS 780: 2021  
© UNBS 2021  – All rights reserved  7 
 Certification marking  
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mar k shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bur eau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control an d testing in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may b e obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
 DUS 780:2021    
 
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