WT/TPR/M/385  
29 May 2019  
(19-3707) Page: 1/43 
Trade Policy Review Body  
3 and 5 April 2019   
 
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
BANGLADESH  
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr. Manuel A.J. Teehankee (Philippines)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT  BY THE REPRESENTATI VE OF BANGLADESH  ..............................  4 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  7 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEM BERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  10 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE O F BANGLADESH AND ADD ITIONAL COMMENTS  . 33 
6  CONCLUDING REMARK S BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Bangladesh  are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 385/Add.1  and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The fifth Trade Policy Review of Bangladesh was held on 3 and 5 April 2019. The Chairperson, 
H.E. Mr. Manuel Teehankee (Philippines) , welcomed the delegation of Bangladesh , headed by 
H.E. Mr. Tipu Munshi, Minister of Commerce ; the rest of the delegation; and the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador Stephen De Boer (Canada) . 
1.2.  The Chairperson reminded Members that the United  Nations Industrial Development 
Organization (UNIDO) was participating as an observer in this TPR.  
1.3.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of trade policy reviews and the main elements of 
procedures for the meeting. The report by Bangladesh  was contained in d ocument WT/TPR/G/38 5 
and that of the WTO Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/38 5. 
1.4.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: Russian 
Federation; Japan; China; European Union; United States; Hong Kong, China; Iceland;  Ukraine; and 
Singapore. The following delegations submitted written questions after the deadline: Thailand; 
Australia; Chinese Taipei; Canada; India; Turkey; and Indonesia.  
1.5.  During the previous TPR meeting in 2012, Members had praised Bangladesh on its imp ressive 
economic performance despite a daunting number of natural catastrophes and setbacks, as well as 
on its commendable results in poverty alleviation and being on its way to achieve many of the MDG 
targets by 2015 to become a middle -income country by 2 021. For the current Review, Members 
sought, through their advanced questions, further information regarding, among others, measures 
to improve the business environment through the National Industrial Policy, the Export Policy 2018 -
21, Bangladesh Vision 20 21, and the Export Diversification Strategy. In addition, Members were also 
interested in national skill -development training, and employment -generation programmes. In their 
advanced written questions, Members also asked about measures taken and time -frame s involved 
for the implementation of policies to encourage private sector participation in the economy.  
1.6.  Members also recalled that, at the time of the previous Review, they had commended 
Bangladesh for its efforts to create a conducive legal and regulatory  framework to facilitate growth 
and development in many areas, whereas at the same time it had been encouraged to improve its 
investment environment. As an LDC, Bangladesh had taken advantage of the opportunities offered 
by the multilateral trading system,  including duty free and quota free (DFQF) market access. Its 
involvement in efforts to further strengthen regional cooperation on trade and investment among 
South Asian countries had been acknowledged. Since its previous Review, Bangladesh took initiative s 
to improve its investment regime. As indicated by the advanced written questions, Members wanted 
to learn more about its strategies for tackling the implications of LDC graduation, developments in 
RTAs, WTO notification plans and further FDI liberalizati on.  
1.7.  With regards to trade policy, at the time of the previous Review, Bangladesh had been 
commended on the concrete steps taken to facilitate trade by streamlining and modernizing its 
customs regime. Some Members had expressed concerns about the significa nt gap between bound 
and applied tariffs, and the increasing use of supplementary duties, charges and protective levies. 
For this Review, in their advance written questions, some Members expressed interest in learning 
more about the new Customs Act and the  time-frame for its implementation, measures taken or 
being taken to improve and streamline customs procedures, and disputes pertaining to customs 
valuation and their resolution. Members also asked about measures encouraging further tariff 
liberalization, as well as reducing or removing other taxes and duties levied on imports. They also 
wanted to know about Bangladesh's strategy with regard to export promotion and diversification.  
1.8.  Noting the increasing role services play in the development of Bangladesh's  economy, at the 
time of the previous Review, some Members had encouraged Bangladesh to take steps to replicate 
its telecoms opening benefits in other crucial areas such as energy, transport and financial services. 
In the context of this Review, questions were also posed in a number of areas including FDI into the 
energy sector, electricity grid capacity allocation, trade in petroleum products, adequate 
management of the financial system, reduction of non -performing loans, bank, securities and 
insurance com pany requirements, the requirement of sea -borne trade by Bangladesh -flag vessels, 
foreign -flag vessels waivers, and port facilities and operations.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  1.9.  The Chairperson drew Members' attention to additional areas where they were interested in 
having more clarit y. These included: taxation, government procurement and intellectual property 
rights.  
1.10.   This meeting was a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of interest 
to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. Th e Chairperson was looking 
forward to a fruitful exchange among Members and Bangladesh.  
  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BANGLADESH (H.E. MR.  TIPU 
MUNSHI)  
2.1.  Let me first take the privilege to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to you all f or 
being present at the fifth Trade Policy Review of Bangladesh. I also thank the WTO Secretariat, in 
particular , the Director of the Trade Policies Review Division and his team for their excellent 
contribution in preparation of the report on Bangladesh. W e are particularly grateful to Ambassador 
De Boer  for agreeing to be the discussant.  
2.2.  The review period witnessed high economic growth over 6 % despite various national and global 
challenges including influx of more than one million Rohingyas in Bangladesh. Although, we 
addressed the problems on humanitarian consideration, but it has been posing enormous challenges 
on our economy, environment, social development and security.  
2.3.  It may be recalled that the present Government under the leadership of the Honourab le Prime 
Minister Sheikh Hasina adopted the Vision 2021, the year of 50th anniversary of independence. The 
Vision 2021 sets concrete development targets for Bangladesh with a view to transforming the 
socio-economic environment to a middle -income country. W e already witnessed this transition in 
2015. We also met all the three criteria for graduation from LDC in 2018. We expect that prudent 
economic policy will lead us to graduate in 2024.  
2.4.  The remarkable success of Bangladesh in attaining the important targe ts of the MDGs inspired 
the Government to be in the forefront of implementing the SDGs. Accordingly, the Government has 
adopted the 7th Five -Year Plan for realizing the vision of a poverty -free Bangladesh with inclusive 
development. During the review perio d, the incidence and depth of poverty in Bangladesh decreased 
significantly; resulting in decline of headcount poverty rate from 31.5 % to 21.8 % and the hard -core 
poverty from 24 % to 11.3 %.  
2.5.  During the review period, Government formulated Export Policy 2015-2018 and Export Policy 
2018-21. The major focuses of the policies are to promote and facilitate export, improve quality of 
the exportable items, use environment friendly technologies and produce high value added and 
labour -intensive products. Special program mes have been designed to boost up export of priority 
sectors with export potential. As a result, the export of Bangladesh registered a significant increase 
from US D 24.30 billion to US D 36.66 billion during the review period, while import stood at 
USD 58.86 billion in fiscal year 2017 /18 increasing from US D 22.5 billion in fiscal year 2011 /12.  
2.6.  The Government of Bangladesh formulated the Import Policy Order 2015 -18 with minimal 
changes from the previous policy for maintaining the continuity and pred ictability of the policy 
measures. Tariff structure remains more or less unchanged during the review period. Tariffs on 
import of capital machinery have been kept at minimum level in order to support industrial 
development.  
2.7.  One of the major challenges for the Government is to mobilize internal resources. The 
Government has made concerted efforts that resulted in increase of tax -GDP ratio from 9.12 % in 
fiscal year 2011 /12 to 10.9 % in fiscal year 2017 /18. Most notable achievement was the gradual 
reduction of dependence on import duty with corresponding increase of domestic value added tax 
and income tax revenue, which accounted for 53 % of total tax -revenue in fiscal year 2017 /18.  
2.8.  The Government has undertaken major reforms of the Customs Administration to fac ilitate 
trade and implement commitments under the TFA and the WCO Revised Kyoto Convention. It has 
introduced ASYCUDA World in September 2013 and formulated a new Customs Act which is now 
waiting for the approval of the Parliament. The Government has been implementing a four -year 
National Single Window (NSW) project since January 2017 to bring all export -import related services 
under the umbrella and reduce the cost of doing business.  
2.9.  The monetary policy of the country has been formulated along with the fis cal measures to 
support the higher economic growth, maintaining macroeconomic stability and keeping inflation at 
tolerable rate. As a result of prudent monetary and fiscal policies, inflation came down to 5.8 % in 
fiscal year 2017 /18 from 7.4 % in fiscal yea r 2013 /14. Foreign exchange reserve stood at 
USD 32.02  billion at the end of December 2018.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  2.10.   With a target to achieve GDP growth at 10 % by 2021, National Industrial Policy 2016 
envisages to increase the contribution of industrial sector from present 30 % to 35% of GDP and 
employment generation from present 16 % to 25 % by 2021. The key determinants of National 
Industrial Policy 2016 are SME development, structural transformation, diversification of the 
economic base, accelerated economic growth, employment gene ration, women entrepreneurship 
development, increasing income level and development of livelihood of the people.  
2.11.   In order to increase domestic and foreign investment, the Government of Bangladesh 
formulated investment friendly policies, acts and laws. Boa rd of Investment and Privatization 
Commission were merged into the Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (BIDA). One Stop 
Service (OSS) Act, 2018 has been enacted for ensuring delivery of 31 investment related services 
from a single point.  
2.12.   Banglades h Economic Zone Authority has taken an initiative to promote investment and create 
employment of around 10 million people by establishing 100 Economic Zones throughout the country 
in the next 15 years. Approval has already been granted to establish 79 econ omic zones. Beside 
this, comprehensive plans and programmes have been undertaken in Annual Development 
Programmes to develop infrastructure, rapid electrification, energy diversification, development of 
communication system and information technology.  
2.13.   In order to facilitate the development of major infrastructure and services, the Government 
has given special emphasis on public -private partnership. A public -private partnership office has 
been established to support the concerned ministries for identificati on, development and tendering 
of PPP projects of international standards.  
2.14.   Since 2010, the Government has positioned ICT as the centre for achieving the goal of digital 
Bangladesh. As a result, mobile subscriptions adoption and mobile broadband penetration increased 
respectively to 88.1 % and 71 % and the overall internet usage reached to 91.2 million users. The 
Government has also established 5,275 Digital Centers throughout the country for creating market 
for the marginalized or rural people.  
2.15.   One of the major challenges of the Government is to create employment opportunity for about 
two million people, who are added to the job market of Bangladesh every year. To this end, the 
country has formulated the National Skill Development Policy 2011 and  a National Skill Development 
Council (NSDC) headed by the Honourable  Prime Minister has been formed for coordinating activities 
on skill development, training and employment generation program mes. As a result, unemployment 
rate has decreased from 4.5 % to 4.2% during the review period.  
2.16.   Bangladesh is a strong proponent of multilateral trading system and remains active in all WTO 
activities. As the LDC coordinator, Bangladesh successfully negotiated landmark decision on 
extension of exemption from the TRIPs obligation for the LDCs for pharmaceutical products until 
January 2033. Bangladesh also led the negotiations for decisions on preferential rules of origin for 
the LDCs and operation & extension of LDCs services waiver during the 10th WTO Ministerial 
Confer ence. During the review period, the major focus of Bangladesh was the conclusion of the Doha 
Round and the full implementation of the WTO decisions in favour of LDCs. Bangladesh actively 
participated in the discussions on development, implementation of TRI Ps Article 66.2 and review of 
Annex VII of SCM Agreement for graduated LDCs. Bangladesh was also active in the discussion on 
work program me on e-commerce for ensuring increased participation of SMEs. Bangladesh also 
ratified a Trade Facilitation Agreement and notified all categories on 21 February 2018.  
2.17.   With the support from EIF, the Government has completed DTIS in 2015 with an Action Matrix. 
The Government has launched Tier -1 project and has been conducting regular training program mes, 
workshops and sympo siums to enhance capacity of the trade officials and academics.  
2.18.   Bangladesh is a party to five regional trade agreements. It has also signed 33 bilateral 
Investment Cooperation agreements for promotion and protection of foreign investment. Besides, it 
has signed agreements on avoidance of double taxation with 33 countries. It also signed joint 
economic and trade cooperation with 44 countries.  
2.19.   The Government of Bangladesh is committed to continue its endeavours for achieving higher 
GDP growth, eliminating po verty and reducing inequality. The people of Bangladesh,  as well as the WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  Government embraced the graduation from LDC status in 2024. However, keeping pace of economic 
growth will be major challenge in the next decade. We deeply appreciate the support of our  
development partners in our efforts to accelerate growth and development and hope that they will 
continue their support for smooth graduation.  
2.20.   One of the major challenges of graduation will be the loss of DFQF market access which has 
significant contribu tion in promoting our export and creating employment opportunity for the poor, 
especially for the women. Addressing the issues of strengthening the supply side capacities, 
diversification of export products and markets and transformation from factor -driven  to 
productivity -driven production practices are critically important in attaining the SDGs and ensuring 
smooth graduation. To this end, Bangladesh direly needs harnessing the opportunities of digital 
economy, IT -enabled service economy and the new knowled ge ecosystems in the upcoming days.  
2.21.   In this context, I call upon WTO Members to address trade -related challenges of graduated 
LDCs and come up with a strategy to support them for sustainable graduation.  
2.22.   I would like to thank the Members for their interes t and engagement. We believe this will help 
us understand the perspectives of the Members and guide us to develop better trade policy regime. 
My delegation and I look forward to hearing your views and comments. I thank you all . 
  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSAN T 
3.1.  Dear colleagues, I would like to personally welcome the head of the delegation of Bangladesh, 
the Honourable Minister of Trade, Mr  Tipu Munshi, and my colleague, Ambassador Shameem Ahsan 
and his team based here in Geneva.  
3.2.  I wish to thank the WTO Secretariat for its high -level and comprehensive report, and the 
delegation of Bangladesh for its report, which, together, will form the basis of my comments today.  
3.3.  A tremendous amount of work goes into these reports and that deserves acknowledgement. I 
would also like to thank those Members that have submitted written questions , and Bangladesh for 
its responses – the question and answer process is a crucial component of any TPR and ensures a 
robust Review.  
3.4.  At the outset, please let me recall that I am spea king entirely in my personal capacity in my 
role of discussant for this Review.  
3.5.  I thank Bangladesh for the opportunity to act as the discussant for its Trade Policy Review. 
During the period under review, Bangladesh has been a constructive participant in the work of this 
Organization. For instance, Bangladesh worked with the WTO Membership in the role of LDC 
coordinator for several years, including during the 2015 -2016 period when it played an instrumental 
role in securing a decision on the extension of th e exemption for LDCs from the TRIPS obligation for 
pharmaceutical products until January 2033. Bangladesh has also been an active participant in 
discussions regarding preferential rules of origins for LDCs, the services waiver for LDCs, the 
effective imple mentation of the decision on duty free and quota free market access for LDC products , 
as well as the work on the program me on e-commerce.  
3.6.  Additionally, Bangladesh has ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement on 21 February 2018, 
hence becoming the 94th Me mber to ratify this milestone agreement.  
3.7.  I personally commend Bangladesh 's involvement in the work of the WTO, especially in today 's 
context where participation of all WTO Members is essential to modernize and reform the 
Organization to face modern challen ges. Bangladesh 's commitment to the multilateral rules -based 
system is welcomed. I am of the sincere view that the participation of every WTO Member is required 
for the Organization to move forward.  
3.8.  Bangladesh 's decision to opt for the alternative timeline s for its Trade Policy Review 
demonstrates that Bangladesh supports transparency at the WTO. By opting for the alternative 
timeline, Bangladesh allowed me and the Members to review the replies to the written questions in 
advance of this meeting, and thus t o contribute to a more meaningful exercise.  
3.9.  My remarks today will begin with high -level observations on the economic situation and overall 
trade policy of Bangladesh. I will then continue with the key trade -related challenges that Members 
raised in their questions.  
3.10.   The interest and importance that WTO Members attribute to Bangladesh 's trade policies and 
practices is demonstrated by the fact that over 120 questions were submitted by 13 Members for 
this exercise.  
3.11.   I want to highlight that Bangladesh 's effor ts to modernize its trade regime and follow through 
on its plan for economic growth, including by taking into account several of the Members ' comments 
made during its last TPR.  
3.12.   Bangladesh 's level of development is increasing as the improvements in several  social 
indicators demonstrate. Poverty levels are declining,  and inflation is stable. Bangladesh can be proud 
of having reached the World Bank 's threshold for lower -middle -income country status in 2015 and 
for being on course to graduate from least -develo ped country status in 2024.  
3.13.   I note Bangladesh 's call to the Membership to continue to apply preferential market access, 
to provide capacity building, and to apply TRIPS ' obligations exemptions particularly with regard to 
pharmaceutical products as it gradu ates from LDC.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  3.14.   The Secretariat report notes that Bangladesh has achieved sustained growth with real GDP 
increasing at an average of 6.8% annually since the last TPR in 2012. This is consistent with 
Bangladesh 's GDP growth in the years reviewed in the conte xt of Bangladesh 's last TPR. The 
Secretariat report indicates that strong domestic demand has contributed to that sustained growth.  
3.15.   Bangladesh 's plan Vision 2021 focusses on export -led growth. Bangladesh 's efforts in that 
respect enabled the diversification of its economy away from the agriculture sector during the period 
under review. While Bangladesh 's agricultural sector continues to contribute to the economy at a 
rate of 13.7% of its GDP in 2017/2018, since its last TPR, Bangladesh moved t owards a more 
manufacturing -based economy.  
3.16.   Its main exports, as much as 90% for 2017/2018, are in the textile and ready -made garment 
sectors, while its key imports are inputs for that industry. Foreign direct investments in Bangladesh 
are concentrated in the energy; garment manufacturing; financial; and telecommunication sectors.  
3.17.   Tariffs remain an important source of revenue and accounted for 11.7% of tax revenue in 
2016/17. While Bangladesh applied tariffs remained relatively stable since their last TPR,  their 
binding coverage remains low at 19.3% of tariff lines bound.  
3.18.   I note that, during the period under review, Bangladesh 's average tariff protection for 
agriculture products increased, and still today are higher than the overall applied MFN average. 
Export restrictions and domestic support measures are also in place in the agriculture sector. 
Furthermore, Bangladesh, the world 's largest inland fishing nation, maintains high average MFN 
tariff protection for fish products.  
3.19.   Bangladesh put in place addi tional standards since 2012, and now more than half are aligned 
with international standards, compared to just over 40% in 2012. This is an improvement that is 
worth noting.  
3.20.   Since 2012, Bangladesh undertook initiatives with regard to trade facilitation. O n import 
controls, the scope of the list of controlled goods was not modified. The export procedures also 
remained the same. Bangladesh can benefit from continued work to further streamline customs 
procedures.  
3.21.   A standstill is still in place for privatizati on in Bangladesh, thus the influence of the state 
remained largely unchanged during the period under review. State involvement continues in 
agriculture, fisheries, food, textiles, and in the energy, construction, financial, transport and 
telecommunication services sectors. State -owned enterprises actions maintained their influence over 
domestic prices, including in the essential commodities and energy sectors. I encourage Bangladesh 
to reconsider the standstill on privatization and to find ways to enable ad ditional involvement of the 
private sector in its economy.  
3.22.   Bangladesh has updated its intellectual property regime through passing or amending 
legislation on geographical indications and trademarks. The Secretariat also notes a slight 
improvement with resp ect to enforcement. However, the Secretariat report states that effective 
enforcement remains a challenge due to institutional and other constraints.  
3.23.   Bangladesh 's economy has been supported by growth in the banking and insurance sectors, 
including microfi nance institutions which are key players in rural financial markets. The 
telecommunications sector, especially mobile telephone and internet -user penetration, kept 
expanding during the period under review.  
3.24.   On the other hand, the Secretariat report notes t hat Bangladesh faces challenges in terms of 
connectivity with regard to maritime, air, and land transportation services sectors. Bangladesh 's 
state-owned airline continues to dominate the air transport market, while the two main trade cargo 
ports are state -owned as well.  
3.25.   Bangladesh 's report provides for a series of initiatives to address the challenges it faces in the 
transportation services sector. The report also indicates that foreign employment and remittance 
from its nationals contribute to its economi c development, reduce poverty, unemployment, and 
strengthen its foreign exchange reserves.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  3.26.   I note Bangladesh 's commitment to support its micro, small and medium -sized enterprises 
via industrial loans. Bangladesh 's report points to MSMEs as a potential mean s to reduce 
unemployment and indicates that it has instructed its commercial banks to provide a minimum of 
22% of commercial loans to that sector, with the objective of raising that number to 25% by 2021. 
The report also refers to the important role of wom en in the economy and to Bangladesh 's policies 
to reduce gender discrimination, which include setting up a ceiling of interest rate for women 
entrepreneurs to encourage them to engage in SMEs.  
3.27.   Bangladesh 's involvement in regional trade is worth mentioning.  For instance, Bangladesh is 
participating in the Asia Pacific Trade Agreement, the South Asian Association for Regional 
Cooperation (SAARC) Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) and the South Asia Free Trade 
Agreement (SAFTA).  
3.28.   I also note that Banglad esh plans on establishing over 100 special economic zones over the 
next 15 years and is working on improving its economy 's resilience through the design of an LDC 
graduation strategy for 2024.  
3.29.   The advanced questions submitted by the Members address a wide  array of trade policies and 
practices, including with regard to the status of Bangladesh 's notifications, intellectual property, the 
investment environment, the banking and insurance services sectors, as well as Bangladesh 's plans 
with regard to its tarif f scheme and its strategy to manage modifications to its preferential access 
after it graduates from the LDC stage.  
3.30.   In terms of Bangladesh 's notifications ' record, Members have noticed certain gaps. I would 
invite Bangladesh to make use of the Secretariat 's resources that are available to support its efforts 
in meeting its notification requirements.  
3.31.   Members questioned Bangladesh on its plans to further open its economy to the private sector, 
in a context where substantial segments of Bangladesh 's economy a re dominated by state -owned 
or controlled enterprises.  
3.32.   Bangladesh 's investment restrictions, including with regard to the protection of 17 sectors, 
drew the attention of the Membership which is interested in hearing from Bangladesh whether it has 
plans to  remove or reduce certain of the restrictions in these sectors.  
3.33.   Members also asked Bangladesh questions pertaining to its plans to diversify its economy.  
3.34.   The modifications of Bangladesh 's custom policies during the period under review are of 
interest to t he Members and further information on those has been requested by the Membership.  
3.35.   Additionally, Members questioned Bangladesh regarding its intentions in terms of eventually 
joining the Government Procurement Agreement as an observer.  
3.36.   In conclusion, I wou ld like to once again commend Bangladesh for its strong performance 
over the review period and encourage building on the progress made, through a continued sound 
reform agenda, good governance, and stable political environment, as these will be instrumenta l in 
ensuring Bangladesh 's long -term growth prospects.  
3.37.   Bangladesh faces several challenges as it approaches graduation from LDC. I am confident 
that the authorities are taking these challenges seriously, and I encourage Bangladesh to continue 
in that dire ction. I wish Bangladesh a successful review and I look forward to listening to the 
Members ' statements. Thank you.  
  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBER S 
RUSSIAN  FEDERATION  
4.1.  The Russian Federation follows with great interest the economic performance of Bangladesh. 
During  the period under review, its real GDP was growing by an average annual rate of 6.8 %, 
reaching nearly 7,9 % in 2018. We congratulate the Government of Bangladesh for reaching the 
World Bank 's threshold for lower  middle -income country status in 2015 and wi sh success with 
achieving the goal of graduation from least developed country (LDC) status by 2024.  
4.2.  We are pleased to note that economic cooperation between Moscow and Dhaka is 
strengthening. On 1 March 2017 , our countries signed the Agreement on Establish ment of the 
Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation. The aim 
of the Commission is to develop broad -based cooperation between Russia and Bangladesh in various 
spheres. It will facilitate the diversification of b ilateral trade, economic, scientific and technical ties 
between the business communities of the two countries and assist in removing barriers to bilateral 
trade.  
4.3.  According to our data, in 2017 the total trade turnover between our countries increased from 
USD 1.44 billion to USD 1.64 billion. More than 90% of the Bangladeshi i mport to Russia consist of 
ready -made garments, seafood, and leather items. Russia exports raw materials for textile industry, 
machinery, fertilizers, cereals including high -quality mil ling wheat. It is important to note that our 
bilateral trade is generally balanced — the export from Russia is almost equal to the import from 
Bangladesh (USD 763 million and USD 882 million , respectively).  
4.4.  "Rosatom " is constructing the first nuclear powe r plant in Bangladesh, "Rooppur " in Pabna, 
which will help the country to attain energy security. The project is also aimed at stabilizing electricity 
prices and reducing Dhaka 's dependence on high cost power generation based on imported fuel. 
Other major Russian companies, "Gazprom " and "Inter RAO -Engineering ", are working on projects 
to further develop the country 's gas and energy sectors by building gas wells and modernizing powe r 
plants. Cooperation in IT industry is ongoing with "Kaspersky Lab " providi ng cyber security solutions 
to homes, small businesses and enterprises.  
4.5.  During this TPR , the Russian delegation has addressed a written question to Bangladesh 
regarding its SPS notifications. We thank the delegation of Bangladesh for a comprehensive answer . 
4.6.   To conclude, we look forward to continue working with Dhaka in order to expand our trade 
and investment ties for mutual benefit. We wish the delegation of Bangladesh a successful Trade 
Policy Review.  
CHINA  
4.7.  We are pleased to see that Bangladesh has achieved robust economic growth with an average 
annual rate of 6.8% and a significant decline in poverty levels since the last TPR. This is attributed 
to sound macroeconomic policies and continued reforms. We are encouraged by the ambition of 
Bangladesh in  the Vision 2021 and Vision 2041 and believe that Bangladesh would achieve 
remarkable socio -economic development with the efforts of its government and people. China 
continues to be available to assist its efforts.  
4.8.  We commend Bangladesh 's strong support an d active participation in the multilateral trading 
system, especially its advocation of the special and differential treatment in the WTO. Likewise, 
China believes that, as an integral part of the WTO rules, special and differential treatment in favour 
of all developing members is indispensable for the multilateral trading system.  
4.9.  China and Bangladesh have been maintaining a close relationship since the beginning of our 
diplomatic ties in 1975. And recent years have seen a rapid and smooth progress in bilat eral 
economic and trade cooperation. China is currently Bangladesh 's largest source of imports in the 
world, and Bangladesh is China 's third largest trading partner in South Asia. In 2018, the bilateral 
trade in goods reached USD 18.7 billion, increased by  16.8% compared with last year. We are glad 
to have Bangladesh participated in the first China International Import Expo last year and would WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  kindly invite Bangladesh to continue participating in the future 's China International Import Expos 
which we believ e will help increase China 's imports from Bangladesh.  
4.10.   As members of Asia Pacific Trade Agreement, both China and Bangladesh implemented the 
tariff concessions of the Fourth  Round of negotiation outcome from 1st July 2018. Except general 
concessions on 2191  tariff lines, China offered special concessions to Bangladesh on 181 items, with 
a considerable number of items enjoying a preference margin of 100%. Besides, a joint feasibility 
study on a potential FTA between China and Bangladesh is under way. We hope the study could 
draw a positive conclusion at an early date.  
4.11.   China has provided economic and technical assistance to Bangladesh within its capacity to 
support Bangladesh 's economic and social development over a long period of time. Bangladesh is 
China 's third largest construction market in South Asia. China will further promote cooperation with 
Bangladesh, especially through the Belt and Road Initiative.  
4.12.   To better understand Bangladesh 's tax policies, we have raised some questions. We 
appreciate the replie s provided by Bangladesh and have some further questions to be submitted 
later today.  
4.13.   To conclude, we wish this Review a complete success.  
JAPAN  
4.14.   Supported by its strong domestic demand and abundant low -cost labour , Bangladesh has 
achieved significant econo mic growth, which corresponds to an annual growth rate of 6.8% on 
average since its last TPR in 2012. Consequently, Bangladesh achieved lower -middle -income country 
status in 2015 and aims at graduating from LDC status in 2024. We truly respect these 
achiev ements.  
4.15.   At the same time, in order to sustain its growth even after its expected graduation from LDC 
status in 2024, Bangladesh will have to engage further in ongoing reforms, which would enhance 
the diversification and competitiveness of its industries a s well as improve its business environment 
and fiscal conditions.  
4.16.   In this regard, we appreciate Bangladesh 's efforts in implementing the regulatory and 
institutional framework for competition policy as well as in strengthening its legislation regarding 
IPR protection.  
4.17.   Also, we appreciate Bangladesh 's achievements in the area of trade facilitation including the 
ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) in 2016.  
4.18.   There are, however, several areas that can be improved. We appreciate Bangladesh 's 
commitment to the multilateral trading system. Having said that, Bangladesh has achieved only a 
limited regular notifications record in the WTO, while being a long -standing beneficiary of 
trade -related technical assistance. In order to foster a predictable  and transparent business 
environment, we encourage Bangladesh to further strengthen its efforts in the area of notifications. 
Also, Bangladesh is not a member of the GPA. Even though Bangladesh does not have a high level 
of fiscal deficits, we believe it is important for the country to consider joining the GPA in order to 
achieve robust fiscal conditions through transparent government procurement procedures. As one 
of the most prominent LDC Members, Bangladesh is expected to set a good example in the WTO f or 
other LDCs.  
4.19.   We also encourage Bangladesh to engage more actively in the joint statement initiatives 
agreed in MC11 in Buenos Aires. In particular, we believe that the digital economy is a key driver 
for the economic growth of LDCs, and we recognize tha t Bangladesh has also set digitalization as an 
important policy agenda. Therefore, in order to unleash the full potential of digitalization in 
Bangladesh, we encourage Bangladesh to participate in the Joint Statement Initiative on Electronic 
Commerce in th e WTO.  
4.20.   In conclusion, we are sure that Bangladesh will be well placed to continue pursuing open, 
transparent and non -discriminatory markets by observing its commitments to the WTO. We wish WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  Bangladesh a successful and productive TPR and look forward to hear ing of further progress 
regarding its trade and investment policies at its next TPR.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.21.   The EU commends Bangladesh 's strong commitment to the multilateral trading system, as 
reflected by its active participation and prominent voice for LDCs in the WTO, and we would like to 
highlight some of the positive developments that have taken place during this period under review.  
4.22.   First, Bangladesh 's overall sound macroeconomic performance has contributed to growth, 
stable inflation and moderate public deb t. Since 2012, economic growth has averaged 6.8% per 
year. The service sector remains the main contributor to GDP, accounting for nearly 56% (2017 
data), with increased activities in particular in the bank, insurance and telecommunication sectors. 
While th e industry sector increased to 30%, mainly consisting of the labour -intensive textile and 
garment manufacturing, the agriculture sector decreased but continued to play an important role in 
supporting economic growth (nearly 14%), also accounting for a larg e portion of employment, rural 
incomes, and a source for export expansion.  
4.23.   Second, the EU congratulates Bangladesh 's success in reaching the World Bank 's threshold 
for lower -middle -income country status in 2015 and Bangladesh should be able to graduate fr om 
LDC status in 2024. Growth has resulted in a decline in poverty levels, which fell to 21.8% in 2018 
(23.1 % in 2017). The EU supports Bangladesh 's efforts in reducing poverty and improving overall 
living standards.  
4.24.   Third, the EU welcomes Bangladesh 's ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2016 
and the notification of its Category A, B and C commitments under this Agreement. With a view to 
enhancing transparency and predictability, the EU urges Bangladesh to meet their other notification 
requirements under the WTO. In this context, we note that Bangladesh recently formed a Committee 
to facilitate timely submissions of trade data which is a step in the right direction.  
4.25.   With regard to government procurement, we notice continued reforms by Banglad esh 
including the implementation of an electronic registration of all procurements. The EU would invite 
Bangladesh to apply for joining the WTO Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement. We 
also call on Bangladesh to consider joining the initiatives  on electronic commerce – importance of 
which was underlined by the minister -, investment facilitation and MSMEs as well as the declaration 
on women and trade.  
4.26.   With reference to our bilateral relationship, the EU is Bangladesh 's main trading partner, 
accounting for about 22% of Bangladesh 's total trade in goods and amounting to €18 billion and 
giving rise to a trade surplus for Bangladesh.   
4.27.   The EU is also its main export destination and remains highly concentrated on textiles. The 
2001 Framework Cooperati on Agreement is the basis for bilateral cooperation between Bangladesh 
and the EU, which provides broad scope for co -operation, extending to trade and economic 
development, human rights, good governance and the environment. Being a LDC, Bangladesh 
benefits  from duty -free and quota -free access to the EU market under our "Everything But Arms " 
(EBA) preferential arrangement. Following the mid -term evaluation of the Generalised Scheme of 
Preferences (GSP) Regulation, the EU has enhanced its engagement with Bang ladesh and is now 
monitoring the situation in respect of certain principles of international conventions.  
4.28.   In 2013, the EU took the initiative of launching a Sustainability Compact which aims to foster 
improvements in labour rights and factory safety in the  garment industry of Bangladesh. Together 
with Bangladesh, the work is pursued by the EU, Canada, the US and the International Labour 
Organization (ILO) notably with a view to address areas of remaining serious shortcomings such as 
freedom of association a nd occupational safety and health.  
4.29.   Bangladesh and the EU, together with its Member States, are also important partners in 
development cooperation. In line with Bangladesh 's development plan, cooperation focuses mainly 
on support to democratic governance, f ood and nutrition security and sustainable development, and 
education and human development. Our multi -annual indicative programme for Bangladesh allocates 
€655 million in 2014 -2020.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4.30.   The EU would also like to raise a few challenges, some related to the que stions we addressed 
earlier.  
4.31.   In general, we should remember that Bangladesh is highly vulnerable country to climate 
change and natural disasters, and the emphasis on mitigation efforts is therefore growing, for 
example by promoting adaptation to climate ch ange of agro -food systems of Bangladesh.   
4.32.   Regarding the investment environment, we encourage Bangladesh to undertake further 
actions to attract foreign investments and to improve private participation in public infrastructure 
projects. We note that some i mprovements have already been undertaken by the Bangladesh 
Investment Development Authority (BIDA) with its One -Stop Shop (OSS) attempts to bring the 
different regulatory requirements of business into one place.  
4.33.   We also encourage Bangladesh to continue it s reforms to improve the business climate and 
to strengthen its attempts to combat fraud and corruption.  
4.34.   On behalf of the EU, I look forward to a constructive exchange of views during this Trade 
Policy Review and wish Bangladesh 's delegation the best of su ccess.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.35.   The United States recognizes that acceding to the WTO can pose particular challenges for 
LDCs, but Bangladesh continues to meet those challenges and use WTO rules as an opportunity to 
enhance its economic climate. In fact, Bangladesh will soon be graduating from the group of LDCs 
and has set its sights on fast becoming a middle -income country. The United States commends 
Bangladesh 's commitment to bring its trade and investment regime into compliance with WTO rules.  
4.36.   We have engaged the  Government of Bangladesh bilaterally on trade issues through our Trade 
and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement. We were delighted to host the Secretaries of 
Commerce and Labor in Washington for the last council meeting in September of 2018. We hope 
that through today 's review we can continue to make progress on some of the systemic issues that 
we have been discussing bilaterally for some time, as well as continue to facilitate solutions to 
concerns that sometimes arise in our trade relations.  
4.37.   While we a lready have a significant economic relationship – our two -way trade totalled  
approximately USD 8.2 billion in 2018 –noting that currently Bangladesh enjoys a considerable 
surplus in our two -way trade – over USD 3.9 billion annually. This is largely due to apparel exports, 
for which we are Bangladesh 's largest single country buyer. However, American companies are not 
just buying from Bangladesh; they are also the largest foreign investors in Bangladesh. And as 
Bangladesh continues its progress towards gradua ting from LDC status to eventually becoming a 
middle -income country, we are confident that American companies will continue this partnership. As 
Bangladesh increases development of infrastructure, energy, transportation, and the digital 
economy, American c ompanies and technologies will be able to contribute to Bangladesh 's growth 
as long as Bangladesh continues to address the identified laws or policies that in one way or another 
inhibit trade or investment flows. Some challenges our companies and investors  face include the 
lack of regulatory guidelines for pharmaceuticals and medical devices, the lack of transparent 
government procurement processes, and localization requirements for data servers. Prompt 
notification by Bangladesh of regulations impacting in ternational businesses will also go a long way 
toward creating a more transparent business environment.   
4.38.   During the period of review, Bangladesh announced policies to expand trade, investment, and 
economic growth, including, among others, the Import Polic y Order 2015 –2018, Drug Policy 2016, 
and continued progress on Digital Bangladesh. The United States would also like to commend 
Bangladesh for ratifying the Trade Facilitation Agreement. Through U.S. Government assistance 
programs, we will continue to work  on supporting legal, regulatory, and policy reforms needed to 
enable the Government of Bangladesh to meet its World Trade Organization commitments, including 
easing border controls and strengthening compliance.  
4.39.   Finally, on the labour  front, after the trag edies in Rana Plaza and Tazreen, we saw effective 
public -private partnerships, with organizations such as the Alliance and the Accord, undertake work 
with the Government of Bangladesh on worker safety and worker rights issues. We hope that these WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  productive  partnerships within the ready -made garment (RMG) and other sectors will once again 
flourish to provide mutual benefits. Progress on these matters will remain critical to enhancing 
productive trade relationships globally.  
4.40.   The United States offers our ques tions and comments on Bangladesh 's trade regime in the 
spirit of constructive dialogue and thank the Bangladesh delegation for their consideration and 
response. In particular, we encourage Bangladesh to increase its efforts towards regulatory 
transparency and to make effective use of WTO notification procedures.  
4.41.   In closing, the United States appreciates this opportunity to participate in this discussion and 
looks forward to engaging with the delegation from Bangladesh. We support Bangladesh 's 
aspirations t oward greater economic success and integration.  
HONG  KONG,  CHINA  
4.42.   Hong Kong, China (HKC) and Bangladesh enjoy cordial trade relationships. Our bilateral trade 
amounted to US D 2 billion in 2018, representing a robust growth of 20% over 2017. Bangladesh 
maint ains an open policy which encourages foreign investment, and HKC is one of the largest 
investors in the country. We look forward to fostering closer and more vibrant trade and economic 
relations with Bangladesh.  
4.43.   On trade policies, we would like to, first o f all, congratulate Bangladesh for its achievements 
in trade facilitation since the last review. Such achievements include the Authorised Economic 
Operator system, as well as measures to make customs formalities and procedures simpler, more 
transparent and  more efficient. A national single window for traders is also envisaged by end 2021. 
We hope Bangladesh would continue its efforts in enhancing cross -border trade.   
4.44.   On tariff, we commend Bangladesh for maintaining only ad valorem rates for almost all its 
tariff lines. However, we notice that there is a huge overall gap of 147.2% between the simple 
averages of bound rates and applied rates. Noting the lack of predictability that this gap could lead 
to, we encourage Bangladesh to find ways to provide more ce rtainty to importers and traders.  
4.45.   Services sector is the largest contributor to Bangladesh 's GDP, accounting for over 50% in 
2017-18. We commend Bangladesh for implementing measures to facilitate the trade, including 
relaxed rules that enable foreign inves tors to use local currency to invest in local securities 
companies through the purchase of corporate shares. Given the importance of the services sector, 
we encourage Bangladesh to further liberalise its trade in services, which would fuel economic growth 
and development.  
4.46.   The competition policy regulatory and institutional framework was put in place during the 
review period. The legislation covers all areas, except for practices related to those goods and 
services which are controlled by the Government in t he interest of national security and are not open 
to the private sector. We noted that state -owned enterprises continue to influence domestic pricing 
in certain areas such as essential commodities and energy. We look forward to the widening of the 
scope of  this legal framework, leading to a more competitive trading and business environment.  
4.47.   We commend Bangladesh for attaching great importance to trade as an engine for growth 
and development. The active participation of Bangladesh in the WTO and its strong support for the 
Multilateral Trading System (MTS) also highlight the relevance and benef its of the system to 
developing and least developed countries. We encourage Bangladesh to continue its open policy and 
efforts in integrating into the MTS. Finally, I would like to thank Bangladesh for its replies to our 
written questions. HKC wishes Bangl adesh a very fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
ICELAND  
4.48.   As the WTO report notes there have been welcoming developments since the last review of  
Bangladesh in 2012. The economy has continued to diversify and grow, which has resulted in a 
decline in poverty, and Bangladesh is on course to graduate from LDC status in five years. There 
have been reforms in areas such as taxation, improving the business environment and labour policy. 
Bangladesh has ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement and undertaken some initiat ives to facilitate 
trade. These are all welcome and encouraging developments.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4.49.   Boosting female participation in the labour force is in the report recognised as one of the keys 
for increasing potential growth in Bangladesh. Constraints are identified, such a s lack of access to 
finance, poor infrastructure and disparities in wages. The report points out efforts that have helped 
to keep girls in school and develop the necessary skill -sets to promote better job opportunities for 
women and reducing the gender gap . 
4.50.   On the occasion of the 1 1th Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires more than 120 WTO 
members and observers launched a joint declaration on trade women 's economic empowerment that 
aims inter alia at sharing best practices and working together here at the WTO to remove barriers 
for women 's economic empowerment and increase their participation in trade. This declaration is 
the fruit of the Trade Impact Working Group that was established under the auspices of the 
International Gender Champions — Geneva, that is now co -chaired by Botswana, Iceland and the 
ITC. 
4.51.   The trade policy review provides an excellent opportunity to share best practices in this field, 
such as the experience of Bangladesh in promoting female participation  in the labour force 
mentioned earlie r. Iceland submitted advance written questions on the participation of women in 
the economy of Bangladesh and on initiatives that are being undertaken to make economic growth 
more inclusive. We wish to thank Bangladesh for the responses to our written ques tions. We will 
review the answers thoroughly and request clarifications as necessary during the course of this TPR. 
The answers are very useful as we implement the joint declaration and gather best practices which 
we will present at MC12.  
4.52.   Iceland appreciat es Bangladesh 's active engagement in WTO and their continued support for 
the multilateral trading system. We wish the delegation of  Bangladesh every success for their fifth 
Trade Policy Review.  
UKRAINE  
4.53.   Bangladesh is the promising partner for Ukraine in ter ms of significant potential in trade and 
economic cooperation and remains in the focus of Ukraine 's attention in the region. Trade turnover 
between Ukraine and Bangladesh was valued at USD 312 million in 2018 (Ukraine 's export to 
Bangladesh = USD 225 milli on while import = USD 87 million). Ukraine and Bangladesh gain from 
trade in goods that includes comprehensive list of items: agricultural and food industry products, 
machinery, equipment, textiles, chemicals, various industrial goods , etc. 
4.54.   Trade in servic es between our countries covers tourism, transport, business services, 
computer and information services, repair and maintenance, processing services.  
4.55.   Within this TPR exercise Ukraine has raised a number of important questions on a range of 
the following i ssues of specific interest:  
• Export policy;  
• Implications of Bangladesh 's possible graduation from LDC status;  
• Trade laws and regulations;  
• Customs valuation;  
• Banking and finance services;  
• Import approval and restrictions;  
• Value added tax (VAT);  
•  Production i ncentives and National Industrial Policy , etc. 
4.56.   We would like to express our gratitude for the responses, which we are reviewing carefully.  
4.57.   In conclusion, I would like to express our appreciation to the delegation of Bangladesh and to 
the team of the Missi on of Bangladesh in Geneva for their hard work in preparing for this TPR.  
4.58.   Ukraine wishes the delegation of Bangladesh successful Trade Policy Review and looks forward 
to further enhancing of our bilateral economic and trade relations.  
  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  SINGAPORE  
4.59.   Bangladesh and Singapore enjoy warm and substantial economic ties. Our total trade in goods 
amounted to around USD 3.7 billion in 2018, which represented a 14.9 % increase from the previous 
year. Singapore was Bangladesh 's fourth largest source of imports i n 2018, and Singapore has the 
fifth largest stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangladesh.  
4.60.   We are hence heartened by Bangladesh 's commitment to addressing structural impediments 
and maintaining an investor -friendly investment regime during the rev iew period. We also welcome 
your continued support for the rules -based multilateral trading system, which included the 
ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) in 2016. In this context, we urge Bangladesh 
to fulfil its notification obligation s because Members ' timely and complete notifications are crucial to 
the WTO 's monitoring function and contribute to the predictability and transparency of the 
international trading system.  
4.61.   Looking ahead, we believe that there are opportunities to further s trengthen the economic 
relationship between our two countries.  
4.62.   One, we note with interest Bangladesh 's plans to increase electricity generation capacity by 
2021 and congratulate Bangladesh on achieving the highest power generation capacity in its history 
in 2018. A significant portion of Singapore 's FDI in Bangladesh is concentrated in the power sector, 
and we will continue to support your efforts in this crucial area of infrastructure development.  
4.63.   Two, we welcome Bangladesh 's efforts to establish more eco nomic zones throughout the 
country and enhance the incentives to foreign investors. This will encourage more Singapore 
companies to participate in Bangladesh 's economic growth and support the diversification of its 
industry.  
4.64.   Three, we support Bangladesh 's initiatives to improve trade facilitation, particularly the 
implementation of a National Single Window. We are confident that these initiatives will result in 
greater efficiency and transparency, thereby enhancing the potential to further grow the bilatera l 
trade in goods between our two countries.  
4.65.   We wish Bangladesh every success in its fifth Trade Policy Review.  
AUSTRALIA  
4.66.   During the review period, Bangladesh has achieved impressive economic growth, averaging 
over six per cent in the last decade. Banglade sh has also made significant progress in social 
development, including successfully reducing the number of people experiencing extreme poverty 
across the country.  
4.67.   Australia 's trade and investment relationship with Bangladesh has grown exponentially, with 
over USD 2.5 billion in Australian dollars in two -way trade in 2017 -18. Significant trade in the 
ready -made garment industry and agri -business are the cornerstone markets of our two -way trade 
relationship.  
4.68.   Australia is actively exploring ways to strengthe n the bilateral trade and economic 
relationship, including through initiatives such as the inaugural Australia -Bangladesh Trade 
Conference, scheduled for 30 April to 2 May in Sydney to highlight trade and investment 
opportunities across the bilateral relat ionship. There is scope to develop greater trade diversification 
across the trade relationship, with opportunities in the energy, agriculture, textiles, pharmaceutical, 
education and professional services sectors.  
4.69.   Australia is working constructively with Bangladesh in global and regional forums in which we 
are both members, including the Indian Ocean Rim Association, to advance our shared objectives. 
Importantly, we have a mutual interest in an open multilateral trading system and a strong and 
effective Wo rld Trade Organization and United Nations.  
4.70.   As articulated in the Australian Government 's Foreign Policy White Paper, Australia 
encourages growth -promoting trade and investment integration across the Indo -Pacific. Strong WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  sustainable growth will deliver opportunities for private sector business investment in Bangladesh 
and across the region. To that end, Australia has supported Bangladesh through several aid for trade 
initiatives, including the Enhanced Integrated Framework and the ILO 's Better Work Progr am. 
4.71.   Reform is vital for Bangladesh to continue to achieve economic development, poverty 
reduction, improved competitiveness and greater investment. There are various measures, as noted 
in the review documents, which Bangladesh is taking to reform its banki ng, capital markets and 
investment sectors.  
4.72.   Bangladesh is moving towards graduation from Least Developed Country status, expected in 
2024. As a result, Bangladesh will likely to face challenges with regard to preferential market access, 
and access to conce ssional loans among others. Information on Bangladesh 's approach to address 
these, and other post -graduation challenges would be welcome.  
4.73.   Regarding tariff reform, it is notable that Bangladesh 's tariff reductions have been minimal 
since the time of its las t review in 2011/12, and the average MFN applied tariff -rate has barely 
changed. It is concerning to see an increase in tariff protection for agricultural products over this 
same period, rising from 17.8 % to 18.1 %. 
4.74.   As Bangladesh 's average tariff -rate remai n high and has actually increased on agricultural 
products, are there any plans to encourage tariff liberalisation in the future?  
4.75.   Compliance with WTO notification requirements is another area for improvement, given 
Bangladesh 's limited notification record in the WTO Committees. Regular notification by WTO 
Members is important to ensure transparency and maintain confidence in WTO mechanisms for 
addressing Member 's trade concerns.  
4.76.   For this review, we have submitted questions covering specific aspects of Bangl adesh 's trade 
and economic policy. We are reviewing Bangladesh 's responses to these questions.  
4.77.   We wish Bangladesh a successful Trade Policy Review.  
THE SEPARATE  CUSTOMS  TERRITORY  OF TAIWAN,  PENGHU,  KINMEN  AND  MATSU  
4.78.   As mentioned in both reports (by the Sec retariat and the Government), Bangladesh 's GDP 
grew by an impressive 6.7% on average over the review period 2012 to 2018. At the same time, 
the usual economic indices showed remarkable improvements on a range of dimensions, such as 
public investment, per -capita income, external trade, electricity generation and infrastructure. These 
eye-catching performances are evidence of the fact that Bangladesh 's economic development is on 
the right track.  
4.79.   The various initiatives, policies and incentives undertaken by B angladesh to promote trade 
opportunities, stimulate export diversification, improve the regulatory framework, and to facilitate 
foreign investment, all seem to be having the desired effects. We must also commend Bangladesh 
on its efforts to further liberal ize its trade and investment regime.  
4.80.   As far as our bilateral economic relationship with Bangladesh is concerned, the value of trade 
between us reached a total of USD 1.23 billion in 2018, up by 14% on the previous year. Our main 
exports are petrochemical products, machinery, and  materials used in the making of textiles. 
Bangladesh continues to be an important supply -chain partner for our textile industry.  
4.81.   Our investment in Bangladesh up to now totals some USD 300 million in 46 different projects 
(mainly in the fields of footwear, garments, electronics, and furniture manufacturing), which in turn 
contributes to Bangladesh 's export value and generates new employment opportunities as well.  
4.82.   I would like to turn now to highlight a few areas where we wish to draw  the attention from 
the Bangladesh Government . 
4.83.   Firstly, our business people continue to express serious concerns over the efficiency and 
transparency of the Bangladesh government 's administrative procedures and infrastructure 
constraints. The report mentio ns that an on -line system has now been introduced that enables WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  companies to register within 4 hours, which should shorten the start -up time by about 30 days. We 
welcome this development. Bearing in mind that the ease of doing business is a key parameter in  
attracting foreign investment, we encourage Bangladesh to undertake further reforms to address 
the issues that foreign companies still have to face.  
4.84.   Secondly, in 2016, my Government launched its "New South -Bound Policy ", aiming to 
establish a new and comprehensive relationship with Southeast and south Asia countries, of which 
Bangladesh is an important one. Having sent several trade and investment missions to Bangladesh 
over the past two years to build awareness of the m arket among our business community, the 
response from our industries has been quite positive. Many are now encouraged to explore trade 
cooperation and seek new investment opportunities. We call on Bangladesh to now take steps to 
promote greater bilateral e ngagement through their business chambers, and to help boost the 
business confidence environment on both sides.  
4.85.   Thirdly, as Bangladesh is due to graduate from the group of LDCs by 2024, we wish to have 
some advance understanding of the policy strategies it  will adopt to address the post -graduation 
challenges, such as the diversification of its export products, and its S&D differential treatment 
relating to WTO benefits. In order to sustain the current growth momentum and to ensure its 
industrial competitive ness, a well -crafted strategy for transition is definitely required. This is not just 
an important agenda item for Bangladesh alone; it has serious implications for other trading partners 
as well.  
4.86.   Fourthly, and last, while Bangladesh clearly remains commit ted to the multilateral trading 
system, it unfortunately has a record of limited regular notification. We would urge Bangladesh, 
therefore, to improve its notification as a matter of urgency. It is, after all, an integral principle of 
the WTO and a key mec hanism for ensuring transparency among Members.  
4.87.   Finally, I must say that we very much look forward to further constructive discussion with 
Bangladesh on advancing our future bilateral relationship.  
4.88.   Our sincere thanks to Bangladesh for its full engagement i n this TPR.  
THAILAND  
4.89.   Thailand and Bangladesh have long enjoyed excellent bilateral relations. Total trade between 
the two countries has increased by 46% since the last trade policy review, from US D 848 million in 
2012 to US D 1,241 million in 2018.  
4.90.   Banglade sh is considered as one of our important sources of raw materials and intermediate 
products for our textiles and garments as well as processed food industries. We are pleased to 
highlight that Bangladesh is the second largest trading partner of Thailand in  South Asia while 
Thailand is the fourth largest trading partner of Bangladesh in ASEAN.  
4.91.   Thailand welcomes Bangladesh 's strong economic performance since the last Trade Policy 
Review in 2012. Bangladesh 's real GDP has grown at an average annual rate of ap proximately 6.8% 
and reached nearly 7.9% in 2017/18.  
4.92.   It is highly commendable that sound macroeconomic policies have contributed to stable 
inflation, moderate public debt, and greater resilience to external shocks. As a result, Bangladesh 
successfully ach ieved the World Bank 's threshold for lower -middle -income country status in 2015 
and is on course to graduate from least developed country status in 2024.  
4.93.   Thailand welcomes Bangladesh 's consistent efforts in improving its regulatory framework, 
taxation and business environment and promoting trade facilitation. In addition, efforts to formulate 
a comprehensive trade policy, including production diversification, increased competitiveness, and 
trade agreement utilization and expansion, are ongoing. We believe t hat these efforts will contribute 
to sustainable and resilient economic growth.  
4.94.   Thailand commends Bangladesh 's active participation in the multilateral trading system, 
including through its role as a Coordinator of the LDC group in the WTO for the fourth t ime in 2015. 
During the review period, Bangladesh ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement. However, WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  Bangladesh continued to have a limited regular notifications record. This is an area that needs 
technical assistance to improve compliance under WTO agree ments.  
4.95.   In this review, Thailand submitted questions covering specific aspects of trade and economic 
policies of Bangladesh, including export diversification, regional and preferential agreements and 
price regulation. Thailand would like to thank Bangladesh  for its timely response to our questions 
and will study them in detail with great interest.  
4.96.   In closing, Thailand wishes Bangladesh a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
CANADA  
4.97.   Since 2017, Bangladesh has received over 700,000 Rohingya refugees and has end ured one 
of the fastest growing refugee crises. Canada continues to stand beside Bangladesh during this 
tumultuous time, providing more than USD 68 million for the provision of life -saving and gender -
responsive humanitarian assistance in Myanmar and Bangla desh to meet the needs of refugees, 
displaced people, and the communities who are hosting them. Canada is also providing development 
assistance for health and education projects for the Rohingya through the World Bank.  
4.98.   In addition to the remarkable undertaking and generosity of hosting refugees, Bangladesh 
has experienced significant economic growth with a GDP growth rate exceeding 6% year -on-year 
for the past decade. Bangladesh is Asia 's fastest growing economy and emerging consumer market. 
This gro wth is driven by the ready -made garment (RMG) sector, as Bangladesh continues to diversify 
from an agrarian to a manufacturing -based economy. Canada is pleased to be supporting 
Bangladesh in its work to reform its RMG sector via bilateral development assis tance.  
4.99.   The Government of Bangladesh has outlined an ambitious long -term development plan with 
"Vision 41 " that aims for Bangladesh to become a Developed Country by 2041. In parallel, the 
"Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 " is a long -term strategy for sustainable water management to prevent 
floods, soil erosion and managing rivers and waste. These initiatives will bring great benefits to the 
people of Bangladesh.  
4.100.   The Government of Bangladesh has also committed to a structural transformation of 
Bangladesh 's economy,  with a focus on overhauling its energy and power networks, as well as 
identifying infrastructure as one of its key priorities. These efforts will lay the foundation for future 
economic growth and pave the way for further investment attraction.  
4.101.   We would li ke to take this opportunity to highlight some areas in particular where Bangladesh 
is making progress in the implementation of policies that promote growth and economic 
development.  
4.102.   First, we encourage Bangladesh to continue its export strategy under Expor t Policy 2018 -21, 
which focuses on raising the country 's export earnings to USD 60 billion by 2021. Key objectives to 
support this include: improving the quality of products by upgrading testing facilities to global 
standards; enhancing the involvement of women in export -oriented industries; increasing the 
investment of services sectors; and, modernizing export trade by utilizing e -commerce and e -
governance.  
4.103.   Second, we welcome implementation of the One -Stop Shop (OSS) Act. The OSS Act, 
scheduled for full i mplementation by July 2019, aims to house the different regulatory requirements 
of business under one roof. This approach will help to minimize administrative burden for businesses 
and individuals.  
4.104.   Finally, we would like to congratulate Bangladesh on being a proponent of the WTO and the 
multilateral trading system. This includes being the LDC coordinator for the fourth time in 2015 and 
joining 40 Members in May 2018 with a strong statement in support of the WTO and encouraging 
Members to from refrain f rom taking protectionist measures and to avoid escalation of trade 
tensions.  
4.105.   Along with all of the progress already made, there remain areas which would benefit from 
further attention on the part of Bangladesh 's Government.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4.106.   We encourage Bangladesh to take  efforts to ensure its WTO notifications are submitted in a 
timely manner and, if necessary, to reach out to the WTO Secretariat to receive technical assistance.  
4.107.   Taking substantive measures to combat corruption and further reforms to reduce the cost of 
starting a business, increasing the protection of minority investors and facilitate trade across borders 
would attract additional foreign investment.  
4.108.   Finally, addressing issues of unfair labour practices, and worker safety would help safeguard 
the economic gr owth driven by the RMG sector.  
4.109.   In closing, we wish Bangladesh a productive and useful fifth Trade Policy Review, and we 
look forward to a constructive exchange of views this week.  
INDIA  
4.110.   During the period under review since 2012, the GDP of Bangladesh has registered a strong 
average annual growth rate of 6.8%, reaching an impressive level of 7.9% in 2017 -18. The rate of 
economic growth, prudent macro -economic measures and trade policy have resulted in the 
remarkable improvement in the overall economic indic es particularly in infrastructure, energy, ICT 
and have encouraged investments. Poverty rates have shown a marked decline and Bangladesh, 
considering the strong growth and development, became a lower middle -income country in 2015. It 
is, therefore, not sur prising that it is expected to graduate from its LDC status in 2024.  
4.111.   Today, as an LDC, Bangladesh continues to face various challenges including need for 
diversifying its economy, reducing over reliance on the garment sector and addressing infrastructural  
challenges and socio -economic indicators. However, we applaud and commend the Government of 
Bangladesh for the various reform measures that it has adopted in its trade and investment related 
policies to promote growth and attract investment based on its V ision 2021.  
4.112.   India and Bangladesh share close, warm and friendly ties which are based on historical and 
cultural linkages, common sacrifices and shared values. Regular, high -level political exchanges and 
broad -based  institutional mechanisms continue to stre ngthen and deepen relations between the two 
countries.  
4.113.   India has a long border with Bangladesh with several trading points and transport linkages. 
Our trade relationship is unique with multi -modal connectivity through a network of roads, railways, 
rivers and ports. Trade and investment ties are an important pillar of our bilateral relations with 
regular exchange of business delegations and a comprehensive framework including trade 
agreements. The bilateral trade between the two countries stood at USD 9.95 billion in 2017 -18. 
Indian investments are also growing in Bangladesh in various sectors including telecommunication, 
automobiles and pharmaceuticals.  
4.114.   India has always been a supporter of a special dispensation for LDCs and provides access 
for more than 9 8.2% tariff lines as duty free or preferential.  Moreover, under the South Asia Free 
Trade Agreement (SAFTA), India has provided zero duty access to LDC Members, including 
Bangladesh, for all lines except 25 lines related to alcohol and tobacco. Initiative s for promoting 
trade and investment are also ongoing under the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi -Sectoral Technical 
and Economic Cooperation Framework (BIMSTEC).  
4.115.   We have a vibrant development partnership and cooperation with Bangladesh including 
concess ional lines of credit amounting to USD 8 billion extended by India for projects in areas of 
infrastructure, roads, railways, health, medicare and education. An important area of cooperation is 
power and energy with grid connectivity to augment export of po wer from India for Bangladesh 's 
power requirements, setting up of the 1320 MW Maitree coal fired power thermal plant at Rampal 
and cooperation for exploring oil and gas resources in the waters of Bangladesh. For capacity building 
and improving human resour ces, India is extending 200 scholarships to students and also offers 
around 800 slots every year for professionals of Bangladesh for training programmes in various 
institutions in India under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme.   
4.116.   We ha ve raised some questions for the TPR and the responses received are being reviewed 
by our authorities. However, I wish to highlight a few issues.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  • Both countries are exploring a new bilateral Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement 
for which a joint study has already been commissioned. An early conclusion of the agreement 
would give further boost to our trade and economic ties.  
• Bangladesh does not allow imports of all products through each of the 56 Land Customs 
Stations (LCSs), situated along India -Bangladesh border. Only specific products are allowed 
through each LCS by Bangladesh.  India has requested that all the port restrictions be removed  
as soon as possible so that trade can grow and help in the development of North -East part of 
India and the remote areas of Bangladesh.  
• Petrapole -Benapole is the most important border trading point between India and Bangladesh. 
Certain infrastructural and  procedural improvements need to be made on the Bangladesh side. 
Optimal utilisation of warehouses and enhancement of cargo handling facilities will facilitate 
timely clearance of more than 500 -600 trucks that cross over daily. This will also help reduce 
the constant congestion at Petrapole on the Indian side.  
• India and Bangladesh have vast potential to collaborate in the area of developing regional 
value chains including under the framework of SAFTA in areas like textiles and garments for 
mutual benefit. W e need to work together in this area with focus and determination.  
4.117.   To conclude, the strong development and strategic partnership between India and 
Bangladesh is growing by leaps and bounds. India stands ready to work together with Bangladesh 
to harness the  vast potential of our trade and investment ties for mutual benefit. We wish the 
delegation of Bangladesh a productive and successful TPR and will continue to work closely with the 
Bangladesh delegation in Geneva, led by their dynamic Ambassador, Shamim Eh san. 
TURKEY  
4.118.   The detailed reports prepared for this review and today 's presentations have highlighted the 
economic potential of Bangladesh. We also observe that, during the review period, Bangladesh 
witnessed high economic growth, while achieving notable im provement in macroeconomic indicators.  
4.119.   As a result of this progress, Bangladesh reached the World Bank 's threshold for lower -
middle -income country status in 2015 as previous speakers also highlighted. We are of the view that 
those achievements are valuable  for Bangladesh in continuing with stable growth and also are of 
vital significance providing numerous opportunities for the economies in its region.  
4.120.   We note with satisfaction that during the review period, Bangladesh has undertaken various 
reforms in area s such as taxation; improving the business environment and enabling private 
participation in public infrastructure projects. The effective coordinated policies also appear to 
become successful to help poverty reduction in the country.  
4.121.   We also witness that  Bangladesh recently has developed various incentives to augment 
investment climate in the country. In this respect, we appreciate the establishment of the 
Bangladesh Investment Development Authority during the review period, which will further improve 
the investment environment in the country. At this point, we would like to state that Bangladesh 
also has become an important destination and manufacturing hub for Turkish investors in recent 
years, thanks to its improving investment environment.  
4.122.   Although Ban gladesh 's short -term growth outlook remains robust and risks are broadly 
balanced as indicated in several reports, some challenges still exist such as a sustained increase in 
non-performing loans, weak governance in the banking sector.  
4.123.   Moreover, as Secretariat report underlines, we witness that manufacturing, with a share of 
19% in GDP, is heavily dependent on labour -intensive  sectors such as textiles and we believe that 
there is a strong need to craft policies to ensure diversification of the manufacturing activities for 
sustaining economic growth. In this regard, we appreciate that through Vision 2021 and the related 
7th Five Year Plan, Bangladesh already recognizes the merits of export -led growth by expanding the 
volume, diversifying t he export base, moving up the value chain and exploring new markets. We are 
of the belief that those policies are going to be key drivers for promotion of sustainable and inclusive 
industrial growth and infrastructural transformation.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4.124.   Regarding Turkey 's bilateral trade with Bangladesh, we see a good progress in recent years, 
where our total trade volume reached approximately to 1 billion US Dollars as of last year. In this 
context, we believe that an important potential exists for our bilateral trade to dev elop in a balanced 
manner.  
4.125.   We consider that our close partnership within the framework of Developing -8 (D-8) and 
Trade Preferential System under the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (TPS -OIC) will also 
contribute this positive trend and enhance our ong oing cooperation in the field of trade and 
investments.  
4.126.   Bangladesh, being a WTO Member since 1995, have been actively participating in the works 
of WTO, particularly on behalf of the least developed countries. Moreover, we observe with 
satisfaction that d uring the review period, Bangladesh improved its WTO commitments by ratifying 
the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement and has undertaken several trade facilitation initiatives in the 
context of its Customs Modernization Action Plan (2013 -17). Bangladesh is al so a staunch contributor 
to our discussions in ongoing negotiations for fisheries subsidies.  
4.127.   In this respect, Turkey will continue to work closely with Bangladesh bilaterally, and here at 
the WTO and we wish the entire delegation of Bangladesh here the be st of success in this trade 
policy review.  
INDONESIA  
4.128.   This review process is important to Indonesia, not only because we shared similar 
experiences in terms of development efforts, but also because Indonesia has been forging a mutually 
beneficial trade rela tionship, with Bangladesh.  
4.129.   In the last five years between 2014 and 2018, the value of overall bilateral trade, in non -oil 
products, between Indonesia and Bangladesh, recorded a healthy and positive growth of 8.3%.  
4.130.   During the same five -year period, mutually  beneficial trade activities accrued to both 
Indonesian exporters as well as Bangladeshi exporters. Indonesian exports grew by 8.38%, while 
Bangladeshi exports grew by 6.83%.  
4.131.   Chair, Indonesia applauds Bangladesh, for their tireless endeavour  in its aim to graduate 
from the LDC status. There are a handful indicators of success to this complex mission, as 
demonstrated, amongst others: (i) persistent high average annual rate of growth in real GDP; (ii) 
continued efforts in diversifying it economy, away from an  agrarian -based to a more manufacturing -
based economy; (iii) the decline in poverty levels; and (iv) the sound macroeconomic policies in 
place, which have contributed to stable inflation, moderate public debt, and greater resilience to 
external shocks.  
4.132.   However, despite these positive macro -economic developments, Indonesia have inquiries, 
on some trade -related policies and practices of Bangladesh. We note that the service sectors 
remained as the main contributor to GDP. Hence, we wanted to know more on the a dministration 
and management of Bangladeshi 's Mode 3 and Mode 4 commitments.  
4.133.   Indonesia does not discount that certain protective measures is imminent in the noble 
attempt to diversify the economy away from an agrarian based. However, we are interested also  in 
learning more on the high average tariff protection of the textile sector, which – during the review 
period – happened to be among the sectors benefitting from the highest average tariff rates. And 
related to this sector -specific high tariff protection , is the rise in textile product subsidies.  
4.134.   We have included these inquiries in our written questions that we have submitted. And we 
convey appreciation, in advance, for the responses we would receive from the Bangladeshi 
delegation. We look forward to wor king with the Bangladeshi delegation.  
4.135.   Excellencies, members of the Bangladeshi delegation, Indonesia sees much scope, yet to be 
explored in our trade -related ties. It is our hope that this TPR process can serve as a forum, to step 
back and analyse  the main  obstacles to in enhancing our efforts for deeper economic and trade 
cooperation. And we hope that this TPR process would assist both Indonesia and Bangladesh in WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  making more constructive our engagement in the next rounds of negotiation for the 
Indonesia -Bangladesh Preferential Trade Agreement.  
4.136.   In conclusion, my delegation wishes the delegation of the Bangladesh success in this Trade 
Policy Review.  
NEPAL  
4.137.   It is noteworthy that the sound macroeconomic policies of Bangladesh have contributed to 
maintaining macr oeconomic fundamentals including stable inflation, moderate public debt, and 
greater resilience to external shocks.  
4.138.   As a result, Bangladesh reached the World Bank 's threshold for lower -middle -income country 
status in 2015. The real GDP is impressive which  has grown at an average 6.8 % during the review 
period and with nearly 8 % in 2017/18.  
4.139.   We note that Bangladesh has focused on export diversification for sustainable development. 
We commend the Government 's vision of poverty free Bangladesh with inclusive d evelopment.  
4.140.   Nepal and Bangladesh have enjoyed excellent bilateral relations ever since the establishment 
of diplomatic relations in 1972. The relations between the two countries are based on cordiality and 
cooperation.  
4.141.   The exchange of high-level visits an d interactions at various levels have strengthened the 
cordial relations between the two countries.  
4.142.   Both countries have strengthened and expanded the areas of cooperation in economic 
development, trade and investment, including in exploring the possibilit y of electricity trade and 
building the cross -border transmission lines.  
4.143.   The hydro sector, tourism, connectivity and trade facilitation sector could offer win -win 
projects for both countries.  
4.144.   As LDC members, Nepal and Bangladesh share similar perspective s in international fora 
including at WTO and UN and in regional and sub -regional fora including SAARC/SAFTA, BIMSTEC, 
SASEC and BBIN. We share similar development ambitions as we also tackle similar constraints, 
including the impacts of climate change.  
4.145.   Graduation could be challenging for any LDCs as they are likely to face challenges with regard 
to preferential market access and S&D benefits, among others.  
4.146.   It is important that development partners continue to support graduating LDCs to implement 
their pos t-graduation strategies.  
4.147.   To conclude, Nepal wishes Bangladesh for the sustainable graduation within its targeted 
timeline. And, we wish Bangladesh a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
AFGHANISTA N 
4.148.   My delegation commends the Government of Bangladesh for presenting its comprehensive 
trade policy report and notes the positive development and progress Bangladesh has made to 
improve the country 's export competitiveness and favouring  the job creation and we are impressed 
by the GDP growth of more than 6% – up to 7.8% growth for the 2017/2018 fiscal year.  
4.149.   I would also like to take this opportunity to congratulate the Government of Bangladesh for 
the Launch of its eTrade Readiness Assessment Report on Monday at the first day of eCommerce 
Week, where Afghanistan 's Assessment was also launched.  
4.150.   Bangladesh has made significant strides in the ICT area, and its efforts to develop the digital 
economy with strong public and private sector collaboration is a case -study in policy development. WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  The growth trajectory of the I CT sector is an indicator of how the e -commerce ecosystem can grow 
in Bangladesh. Endowed with their young, dynamic and IT savvy population, Bangladesh is fertile 
ground for e -commerce to take root and expand.   
4.151.   Bangladesh is one of Afghanistan 's partners.  We highly value the steady growth in the 
bilateral trade and cooperation between Bangladesh and Afghanistan.  
4.152.   I would like to end my statement by wishing the esteemed delegation of Bangladesh a very 
successful and productive Trade Policy Review.  
PHILIPPINES  
4.153.   Bangladesh has recorded an impressive average annual GDP growth rate of 6.8% since its 
last Trade Policy Review in 2012. This economic growth has resulted in a decline in poverty levels, 
which fell to 21.8% in 2018. Sound macroeconomic policies  contributed to stable inflation, moderate 
public debt, and greater resilience to external shocks, which in turn helped Bangladesh cross the 
World Bank 's threshold to lower -middle -income country status in 2015. This puts Bangladesh on 
course to graduate fr om least developed country (LDC) status in 2024.  
4.154.   Bangladesh remains committed to the multilateral trading system. A prominent voice for 
LDCs, Bangladesh assumed LDC Group Coordinator role in the WTO in 2015 and continues to be 
active in issues of importan ce to LDCs, including the negotiations on agriculture and fisheries 
subsidies. It has also ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2016, becoming the 12th LDC to 
do so. As Bangladesh is expected to graduate from LDC status in 2024, we are confident th at 
Bangladesh will be able to address any post -graduation challenges it may face, including any 
implications for its preferential market access to certain major markets, special and differential 
treatment, and level of official development and technical as sistance it may receive.  
4.155.   The Philippines commends Bangladesh 's Vision 2021, and we take particular note of the 
strategic policies set by Vision 2021 for developing a Digital Bangladesh. The Digital Bangladesh 
vision of the government requires the strengthe ning and growth of the IT sector, including the 
development of software and electronic hardware infrastructure. Electronics is just one of the many 
sectors where trade between Philippines and Bangladesh could be further enhanced as Bangladesh 
builds its ph ysical and digital infrastructure.  
4.156.   Bilateral trade between the Philippines and Bangladesh has great potential and the 
Philippines has lined up a number of Business Missions to and from Bangladesh this year to expand 
trade and explore business opportunities  and exchanges in the areas of food, cosmetics and 
pharmaceuticals products, among others.  
4.157.   In closing, the Philippines looks forward to further enhancing the mutually beneficial 
economic relations between our two countries through bilateral, regional, and  multilateral fora.  
BRAZIL  
4.158.   Since its last Trade Policy Review in 2012, Bangladesh has maintained its strong growth and 
has made great strides towards greater levels of development. The World Economic Situation and 
Prospects (WESP) report places the country  as the third fastest growing in the world this year, at a 
rate of 7.4%. These rates have been sustained for the last two decades. Bangladesh is well on its 
way to meet the goal of graduating from Least Developed Country status by 2024, having fulfilled 
the three criteria for the first time last year.  
4.159.   Bangladesh also plays an active role in the WTO in the defence  of LDC Members ' interests 
and has recently ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement. This is a very positive initiative, which 
should be commende d 
4.160.   Trade relations between Brazil and Bangladesh are strong. Brazil is the ninth supplier of 
goods to the Bangladeshi market, representing almost three per cent of all imports to the country. 
However, most of this trade is done through trading companies and  third countries, which opens up 
the possibility for further developing direct bilateral ties. Brazil 's main exports are sugar, corn and 
cotton, this last crop essential for the ever-important  garment industry of Bangladesh. We believe WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  this complementarity  can be further explored and bilateral trade expanded. Brazil does express 
certain concern to the possible restrictions in the Bangladeshi market of beef and poultry, which 
already have high tariffs.  
4.161.   In closing, we commend Bangladesh for its efforts toward s development and stand ready to 
cooperate for closer bilateral relations and a stronger multilateral system.  
MALAYSIA  
4.162.   Malaysia commends the performance of Bangladesh 's annual growth at an average of 6.8 % 
since 2012, while almost reaching 7.9 % in 2018/2019 . Such growth has resulted in reduction in 
level of poverty, leading to an improved social indicator. In the current global outlook, it is vital for 
Bangladesh to keep the growth momentum through continuous improvement and reforms.  
4.163.   At the multilateral fron t, we commend Bangladesh 's active participation and commitments 
at the various discussion and initiatives undertaken, specifically related to LDCs. We commend 
Bangladesh for her ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement undertaken in September 2016.  
Bangladesh had also assumed an important role as the LDC Group Coordinator in 2015 and has 
demonstrated its commitments voicing the needs and views of the LDCs at the multilateral trading 
system. We hope that Bangladesh will continue to engage Members at all level in the various 
discussions on issues relevant to the sustainability of the multilateral trading system in the future.  
4.164.   In 2018, Malaysia 's total trade with Bangladesh increased by 27.3 % to USD 2.37 billion from 
USD 1.75 billion. Export grew by 29.5% to USD  2.1billion. Main exports to Bangladesh among others 
are petroleum products, palm oil and palm -based products, chemical and chemical products. 
Malaysia 's trade with Bangladesh ranked second among South Asia countries in 2018.  
4.165.   Malaysia has also invested substantially in Bangladesh in the areas of telecommunication, 
health care sector, infrastructure and the education sector. Therefore, Bangladesh 's investment 
policies are critical to Malaysian investors.  
4.166.   Malaysia 's relationship with Bangladesh al so goes beyond bilateral arrangement, whereby 
Malaysia together with Bangladesh are members of D8 Organization for Economic Cooperation. 
Malaysia 's tie is also established through the Joint Commission Meeting that has met several times 
in improving coopera tion between the two countries.  
4.167.   While Bangladesh has taken commendable steps to improve its trading and business 
environment through improved customs procedures such as the Customs Modernization Action Plan, 
we strongly encourage Bangladesh to undertake c ontinuous notification of the various policies in 
hand to ensure transparency for both investors and members of the WTO.  
4.168.   We would also like to express our appreciation to Excellency Shameem Ahsan, Ambassador 
and Permanent Representative of Bangladesh and h is team for their constructive engagement with 
other delegations here in Geneva.   
4.169.   We wish Bangladesh every success in its fifth Trade Policy Review.  
SRI LANKA  
4.170.   During the review period from 2013 to 2018, the real GDP of the Bangladeshi economy has 
grown at  an average annual rate of 6.8%, a notable growth despite the volatilities existed in the 
global economy. Also noteworthy that the poverty level of the country has declined consequently. 
We take this opportunity to congratulate the Government of Bangladesh  on its prospects for 
graduation from the LDC status in the near future and wish to extend Sri Lanka 's fullest cooperation 
in this process as a close neighbour  in the region.  
4.171.   Bangladesh 's post -graduation challenges also include its ability to benefit from unilateral 
trade preferences, such as the EU -GSP scheme. With the graduation Bangladesh may not be a 
beneficiary under the EBA initiative. This means it will be a contender to benefit fr om either GSP+ 
or GSP scheme. As GSP+ is not extended on automatic basis, which requires the applicant countries 
to demonstrate that they not only ratify the 27 UN conventions, but also have implemented them WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  effectively at national level. As a country, whi ch has gone through this process at recent times, we 
recognize the challenges ahead of Bangladesh in this regard.  
4.172.   Noting the most recent initiatives such as ratification of Trade Facilitation Agreement and 
due notification of category commitments by Bangl adesh reflect its commitment towards multilateral 
trading system. Customs Modernization Action Plan adopted during the review period has brought 
some important regulatory developments at Bangladesh border. Bangladesh is also a dynamic 
member of the WTO in the process of delivering outcome through deliberations.  
4.173.   Tariff being an important source of tax revenue, has accounted for 11.7% of the total tax 
revenue in Bangladesh. A slight decline in average applied tariff during the review period is noted, 
however , the figure is still relatively high. We are also concerned that the average gap of 147% 
between applied and bound MFN rates which demonstrate high prevalence of 'water ' between its 
applied and bound levels leading to low predictability in the Bangladeshi  tariff regime.  
4.174.   Based on Bangladesh Vision 2021, which is focused on an export -led growth of the economy, 
we note with interest that the Government of Bangladesh has pursued a range of trade related 
investment policies. My delegation is pleased to note the  significant influx of investment from Sri 
Lanka to Bangladesh in Banking and Apparel sector. According to recent statistics, there are about 
45 Lankan companies operating in Bangladesh with investments close to USD 300 million, in the 
sectors of apparel, banking, paper, consumer goods, etc. We have also noted that Bangladesh Tax 
system adopts a comparatively higher rate of deduction of tax on the income of non -residents, which 
varies from 30% to 7.5% depending on the income and professional categories. Sri  Lankan investors 
in Bangladesh have experienced a higher rate of tax deduction on payments to non -residents. This 
has been a longstanding concern that Sri Lankan investors in Bangladesh have brought to my 
Government 's attention for a negotiated bilateral solution. My delegation presumes that such 
impediments have been duly addressed or will be addressed through above policy measures, which 
Sri Lanka would mostly welcome.   
4.175.   Let me briefly reflect on the bilateral trade and other economic, political and reli gious 
relations between two countries. The close political, social and religious ties between two countries 
go back to several centuries. The diplomatic relations were established in 1972. The presence of a 
sizable number of Sri Lankan expatriates and stud ents in Bangladesh has built a bridge between the 
two countries.  
4.176.   Although the growth of bilateral trade in the last few years is significant, the volume of trade 
is not commensurate with its potentials. The two countries have been deliberating on the poss ibility 
of entering into a Preferential Trade Agreement or a Free Trade Agreement with a view to enhancing 
bilateral trade. The two -way trade between Sri Lanka and Bangladesh has been at moderate and 
stable level. We share similar difficulties when it come s to international trade. It is challenging for 
both the countries to diversify the export baskets that we could offer to the world market. Being 
regional neighbours, both Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are members of the Regional Agreements, viz., 
South Asian F ree Trade Area, the Asia Pacific Trading Agreement, Bay of Bengal Initiative for 
Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) FTA, the Indian Ocean Rim 
Association for Regional Co -operation (IOR -ARC) and the Global System Trade Preferences ( GSTP).  
4.177.   Mr. Chairman, in concluding, my delegation appreciates Bangladesh 's valued contribution to 
the multilateral trading system and its active engagement in the negotiations. The dynamic role 
played by Ambassador Shameem Ahsan and his team in Geneva in p roactively engaging in ongoing 
activities of WTO is highly commendable.  
4.178.   We sincerely wish the delegation of Bangladesh a successful conclusion at its 5th Trade Policy 
Review.  
URUGUAY  
4.179.   Our country wishes to congratulate Bangladesh for the steady rise in its  GDP observed since 
its last trade policy review. This growth was accompanied by the diversification of its economy, a 
reduction in the poverty rate and improvements in social indicators. Consequently, Bangladesh 
reached the World Bank's threshold for lowe r-middle -income country status in 2015, and is on course 
to graduate from least developed country (LDC) status in 2024.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4.180.   We note that, during the period under review, Bangladesh applied a trade policy focused on 
export growth, product diversification, incre ased competitiveness and the use and expansion of trade 
agreements.  
4.181.   The macroeconomic policies applied have contributed to stable inflation, moderate public 
debt, and greater resilience to external shocks.  
4.182.   We also wish to highlight Bangladesh's commitment to the multilateral trading system, its 
active participation in the discussions on the work programme on e -commerce to ensure the 
increased participation of developing country MSMEs, and its commitment to attaining the 
Millennium  Development  Goals (MDGs).  
4.183.   We welcome the ratification by Bangladesh of the Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA). 
During the period under review, Bangladesh undertook several trade facilitation initiatives in the 
context of its Customs Modernization Action Plan and implemented the commitments made under 
the TFA. We  also underscore the major reforms undertaken by the Customs Authority to facilitate 
trade, and the preparation of the Single Administrative Document. Since January  2017, the 
Government has been implementing a National Sin gle Window project with the aim of meeting its 
commitment to expedite the ease of doing business.  
4.184.   According to the Secretariat report, Bangladesh continues to have a limited regular 
notifications record. The tariff remains one of the main trade policy inst ruments and a significant 
source of tax revenue. Tariff protection varies substantially across and within sectors, averaging 
18.1% for agricultural products in 2018/2019, a slight increase since the last trade policy review. 
For non-agricultural products, we noted a small decrease in tariff protection since the last review.  
4.185.   Lastly, we highlight the importance that Bangladesh gives to programmes intended to ensure 
access to financing for MSMEs, which continue to constitute the backbone of its economy. 
Refina ncing schemes are operated through the Bangladesh Bank to encourage banks and financial 
institutions to provide low -cost bank loans for SME industries under female entrepreneurship, 
agro-industries, new entrepreneurs, and other productive sectors.  
4.186.   Uruguay wishes Bangladesh every success in its fifth trade policy review.  
CHAD  ON BEHALF  OF THE LDCS  
4.187.   During the period under review from 2012 to 2018, Bangladesh demonstrated that it had a 
dynamic and robust economy undergoing rapid expansion, with average GDP gro wth of over 6%, 
which reached 7.8% in the fiscal year 2017/2018.  
4.188.   Bangladesh's economy and its momentum have been driven mainly by the services sector, 
followed by the industrial sector and the agricultural sector. In particular, it appears that the 
industr ial sector and manufacturing output have played a greater role in the creation of the country's 
wealth.  
4.189.   Thanks to a proactive policy initiated by the Government under its "Vision 2021" programme, 
Bangladesh graduated to the lower -middle income country cate gory in 2015, according to the 
classification by the World Bank.  
4.190.   Bangladesh has high ambitions and intends to graduate from its LDC status in 2024 and to 
continue making consistent and sustained progress to achieve developed country status in the 
medium/lo ng term as part of its "Vision 2041" programme.  
4.191.   To this end, Bangladesh has initiated numerous reforms aimed at, in particular, increasing 
the competitiveness of the country's exports and ensuring that such action promotes job creation. 
Bangladesh intends,  through its reforms, to enhance the contribution of the industrial sector to the 
creation of wealth, and to diversify production. It also aims to increase the production of goods with 
higher value added in various strategic sectors, and to raise the skill  levels of the workforce through 
its National Skill Development Policy.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4.192.   Infrastructure development is also one of Bangladesh's priorities with regard to trade 
facilitation, as well as the implementation of different tax reforms to improve, most notably, sa vings 
and investment in the country. Bangladesh hopes, in particular, to achieve a GDP growth rate of 
10% by 2021, in order to reach its development objectives.  
4.193.   In Bangladesh's opinion, international trade and commerce play a crucial role in the growth 
and development of the country, which is why it has always been actively involved in multilateral 
trade negotiations within the WTO. Bangladesh has contributed enormously to the defence of the 
interests of LDCs with a view to improving their integration into world trade.  
4.194.   If LDCs are to benefit effectively from special and differential treatment and genuine 
flexibilities in order to accelerate their integration into world trade, the continued application of these 
flexibilities should be allowed for a certain am ount of time after graduation from LDC status in order 
to ensure that LDCs make a smooth transition to their new developing country status.  
4.195.   WTO Members are therefore greatly encouraged and called upon to give favourable 
consideration to the April  2018 submission by the LDC Group regarding Annex VII of the Agreement 
on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.  
4.196.   The Republic of Chad, on behalf of the LDC Group, once again congratulates the delegation 
of Bangladesh for the reforms that it has undertaken and fo r its economic dynamism and wishes it 
every success in the achievement of its objectives and in its trade policy review.  
ARGENTINA  
4.197.   The Argentine Republic notes with great interest that, since Bangladesh's last trade policy 
review, its GDP has grown at an a nnual rate of around 6.8%. Its economy has diversified, with its 
focus shifting from the agricultural sector to the manufacturing sector. In this regard, it is worth 
mentioning the National Industrial Policy of 2016, aimed at promoting sustainable and incl usive 
industrial growth, the transformation of infrastructure and the diversification of the economic base.  
4.198.   Our country also congratulates Bangladesh for achieving stable economic growth, reducing 
the poverty rate, stabilizing inflation, controlling expend iture and public debt, and creating greater 
resilience to external shocks. Bangladesh's graduation to lower -middle income country status in 
2015, and its projected graduation from the LDC category in the near future, are proof of this 
progress.  
4.199.   Argentina w elcomes in particular the actions undertaken by Bangladesh to promote growth, 
economic diversification and poverty reduction through tourism. We trust that the partnership 
projects between the public and private sectors in the tourism industry will bear fr uit and will 
consolidate the transition towards an economy based on the services sector. Services already 
account for around 56% of GDP.  
4.200.   It should be noted that our bilateral relations have historically been positive and have great 
potential for further de velopment. In this regard, it is important to highlight the work carried out by 
the Foreign Ministers from both countries at the BAPA+40 Conference (held in Buenos Aires in 
March  2019), which demonstrates the potential for an increase in and the diversific ation of bilateral 
trade and for progress in cooperation projects between both countries.  
4.201.   Bilateral trade totalled USD 575  million in 2018, with Argentine exports amounting to 
USD 531 million and imports amounting to USD 44  million. Argentine exports compr ised soya -bean 
oil (70%), wheat (21%), soya -bean flour and pellets (6%), flours, meals and pellets of meat 
offal (1.3%) and corn (maize) (0.8%), while consumer goods accounted for 99% of imports 
(primarily clothing).  
4.202.   We also note that, generally speaking, Bangladesh continues to be open to investment and 
provides incentives through various programmes. We welcome the implementation of initiatives to 
improve the investment environment, for example, the establishment of a single window. This policy 
of openness  was accompanied by significant increases in foreign direct investment to Bangladesh, 
which rose from USD 1.2  billion in 2011 -2012 to USD 2.6  billion in 2017 -2018.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4.203.   Argentina also recognizes Bangladesh's strong commitment to the multilateral trading 
system,  particularly the improvement of its WTO commitments through the ratification of the 
Trade  Facilitation Agreement, and the initiatives carried out under the Customs Modernization Action 
Plan (2013 -2017). We also welcome Bangladesh's active participation in  regional trade agreements 
(RTAs) with various Members of this Organization.  
4.204.   To conclude, while reiterating our appreciation of this fresh opportunity to exchange 
information and reflections on the trade policies and practices of Bangladesh, may we once ag ain 
draw attention to the importance of this exercise in transparency, in all its aspects, and wish the 
Bangladeshi authorities a successful conclusion to this trade policy review.  
PAKISTAN  
4.205.   Pakistan and Bangladesh share deep cultural, historical and econom ic ties in South Asia. We 
collaborate on a range of issues at the WTO and share membership in the South Asian Free Trade 
Agreement (SAFTA), Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) and the D -8 Organization for Economic 
Cooperation.  
4.206.   Pakistan and Bangladesh enjoy excellent bilateral economic relations. In 2018, Pakistan 
exported USD 783.825 million and imported USD 72.283 million worth of goods from Bangladesh 
with the balance of trade in favour of Pakistan. The progressive changes scheduled in regional 
preferences as per mutual agreements will hopefully give good impetus to these numbers. We are 
heartened to note that the r eal GDP of Bangladesh has grown at an average annual rate of 
approximately 6.8% since their last TPR in 2012.  
4.207.   The efforts of Bangladesh over the last decade to alleviate poverty and achieve prosperity 
through a sound industrial strategy, provide a good ex ample for developing and LDCs member 
states. The success of Bangladesh 's economic strategy is aptly demonstrated by the fact that 
Bangladesh reached the World Bank 's middle -income status threshold in 2015 and fulfilled the 
criteria for graduating out of th e LDC status in 2018, according to the UN 's Economic Analysis and 
Policy Division. It is expected that Bangladesh will formally graduate from the LDC status in 2024. 
We appreciate that the Government of Bangladesh has already established a committee in ord er to 
oversee the preparations in the lead -up to graduation and to develop strategies to address 
post-graduation challenges.  
4.208.   The 7th Five -Year Plan of Bangladesh provides a sound plan in order to make structural 
adjustments in the economy in areas such as  taxation, improving the business environment, 
enabling private participation in public infrastructure projects and labour policy. Its long -standing 
success in the area of export -led growth will be crucial to achieve the Vision 2021 of Bangladesh 
which aim s to achieve middle income status by 2021.  
4.209.   Textiles and textile exports continue to be the largest portion of exports for Bangladesh 
accounting for 90% of all exports in 2017/2018 with the largest markets in the EU, US, Canada and 
Japan. Manufacturing rem ains a very important activity forming 19% of GDP with labour -intensive  
textile and Ready -Made Garments (RMGs) the largest sectors in the manufacturing sector. The 
National Industrial Policy of 2016 should help diversify the narrow industrial base through 
sustainable and inclusive industrial growth, infrastructure transformation and diversification of the 
economic base. It is encouraging to note that the majority of the workforce in the RMG sector are 
women forming 60% of the total workforce.  
4.210.   Finally, we w ant to highlight the positive role played by Bangladesh in the WTO under the 
leadership of their Ambassador and appreciate their efforts to highlight the concerns and needs of 
developing countries, in particular the LDCs. We wish them success in their futu re endeavours  to 
achieve their targets for economic growth, prosperity and global integration set for 2021 and look 
forward to greater regional collaboration towards our shared goals. We wish them a very successful 
TPR. 
CAMBODIA  
4.211.   My delegation congratulates  Bangladesh for its remarkable economic growth at over 6% 
since its 4th review. We also congratulate Bangladesh on its achievement to elevate into a lower WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  middle -income country in 2015, with notable improvement in macroeconomic indicators and sectoral 
growth.  
4.212.   We commence Bangladesh as an active LDC member in all WTO activities including the works 
important and priority to LDCs, development issues as well as other important issues in the WTO. 
We note with thanks to Geneva -based delegation led by Ambassador Shameem Ahsan for their good 
cooperation and active participations especially in the LDC Group.  
4.213.   With regard to the bilateral trade relation, Bangladesh and Cambodia cooperate in various 
sectors. In 2014, the two countries signed an agreement to establish a  joint commission to explore 
new areas of cooperation and strengthen the existing cooperation. Trade between the two countries 
was amounted to $5.57 million in 2016, of which Bangladesh 's export was USD 5 million and import 
was USD 0.57 million. Recently, both countries are committed at a very high level to expand trade 
and investment in many fora.  
4.214.   We applaud Bangladesh for its process of graduating from LDC status. I wish to take this 
opportunity to support in keeping preferential treatment to Bangladesh in a longer grace period after 
its graduation because as an LDC a major earning is generated by the preferential scheme provided 
by members. Furthermore, the importance of the special and differential treatment as well as 
technical assistance are very cruc ial means for its development. My delegation, therefore, wish these 
kinds of supports will be maintained and continued as well.  
4.215.   Finally, my delegation wishes Bangladesh every success in its 5th TPR.  
BENIN 
4.216.   The delegation of Benin congratulates Bangladesh for the progress made since the 
fourth  review of its trade policies and practices thanks to the bold measures applied with regard to 
taxation, the improvement of working conditions in enterprises, private -sector access to public 
infrastructure projects, an d labour policy.  
4.217.   Prudent macroeconomic management has resulted in a reduction in the poverty rate, the 
stabilization of inflation, a decrease in prices, and manageable external debts levels. Consequently, 
GDP growth rose from 6.8% per year to around 7.9% i n 2017/2018. Initiatives to establish a single 
window are underway.  
4.218.   The delegation of Benin encourages the Government of Bangladesh to pursue its efforts to 
address the challenges related to the strengthening of export supply capacities, the diversificatio n 
of products and export markets, the digital economy, and information and communication services.  
4.219.   In the framework of the Trade Liberalization Programme (TLP), all members countries, 
including Bangladesh, reduced their duties to between 0 and 5% at the en d of 2016, except for 
items on the list of sensitive products.  
4.220.   At the regional level, Bangladesh is party to the  Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, which also 
addresses trade in services and trade facilitation.  
4.221.   The delegation of Benin welcomes the significant progress made by Bangladesh, particularly 
the improvement of social indicators such as infant mortality and life expectancy.  
4.222.   Bangladesh has initiated a series of institutional and structural reforms aimed at further 
increasing macroeconomic performance. It  should be noted that these reforms have enabled 
Bangladesh to begin its graduation from the LDC Group. The delegation of Benin encourages 
Bangladesh to resolutely pursue these efforts in order to build investor confidence and permanently 
leave the LDC Gro up by 2024.  
4.223.   To conclude, the delegation of Benin invites the bilateral, regional and multilateral technical 
and financial partners to assist the Government of Bangladesh in its socio -economic development 
efforts.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  4.224.   The delegation of Benin thanks the WTO Secr etariat and the Government of Bangladesh for 
their highly informative reports for this trade policy review.  
4.225.   It wishes Bangladesh all the best, and every success in this review of its trade policy.  
EGYPT  
4.226.   Egypt wishes to highlight a few commendable macroecon omic indicators in the WTO 
Secretariat report that indicate a promising development path for Bangladesh. During the period 
under review, Bangladesh achieved strong annual GDP growth -rates that almost reached 8% in 
2017/2018, while decreasing poverty rates,  stabilizing inflation levels and maintaining moderate 
levels of public debt.  
4.227.   The report attributes such growth to the robust ready -made garments and textiles sector, 
which accounts for 90% of total exports. The country continues to expand towards manufact uring 
economic activity, capitalizing on its abundant low -cost labour  and maximizing the benefits of its 
generally stable trade policies.  
4.228.   Owing to its remarkable growth levels and impressive economic performance across several 
years, we congratulate Bangl adesh for being on course to graduate from the Least Developing 
Country category and acquire its status of a lower -middle income country within the next few years.  
4.229.   Egypt and Bangladesh enjoy strong relations and friendly ties, particularly on economic and 
commercial fronts. In this regard, I wish to highlight that Egyptian exports to Bangladesh witnessed 
a steady growth across the years under review. In 2017 they were 55% higher compared to 2013, 
which is equivalent to an average annual increase of 14%. Lik ewise, Egypt 's imports from 
Bangladesh have almost doubled during the same period.  
4.230.   Egypt looks forward to continue opening up new prospects of bilateral cooperation between 
both countries, with a focus on boosting commercial and investment relations, as we ll as technical 
cooperation in a manner that would be mutually reinforcing to the development priorities in both 
countries.  
4.231.   Finally, Egypt praises Bangladesh for its impressive economic performance in the period 
under review and wishes its delegation a fru itful Trade Policy Review.  
VANUATU  
4.232.   My delegation aligned itself with the statement delivered by Chad on behalf of the LDC Group.  
4.233.   The Trade Policy Review exercise is a commitment and obligation as Members of this 
Institution. Today, we are witnessing anoth er LDC member undergoing its 5th Trade Policy Review.  
4.234.   We wish to commend the discussant H.E Ambassador De Boer of Canada for his work, as 
well as the WTO Secretariat specially the TPR Team.  
4.235.   Bangladesh attaches great importance to the multilateral trading system and through trade 
that it has generated growth and development to achieve socioeconomic goals.  
4.236.   However, as an LDC , the Government of Bangladesh is trying to overcome challenges such 
as infrastructure and energy constraints.  
4.237.   Vanuatu is encouraged to note that the Government is implementing its plan of increasing 
electricity generation capacity to 24 MW by 2021. This is a very commendable commitment.  
4.238.   Vanuatu note s also that the Government is prioritizing integrated development of roads, rail 
and water ways. To expedite economic development , as well as industrialization by establishing of 
100 special economic zones by the next 15 years is in progress.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
- 32 - 
 
  4.239.   In addition, to speed up the implementation of the growth enhancing transformational 
projects including the PADMA Bridge project, special fund has been allocated in the national budget.  
4.240.   Vanuatu call s on partners to provide technical and financially support to Bangladesh as to 
achieve these goals in order to promote economic growth.  
4.241.   Vanuatu call s on partners  to help Bangladesh to jointly address the issues of strengthening 
supply side capacities, diversification of exports product and export market, value addition, 
accessing the opportunities of digital economy, IT enabled service economy and others.  
4.242.   Finally,  Bangladesh,  like Vanuatu,  is in the process of graduation. Vanuatu would like to see 
a continuation of preferential market access, support for capacity building and exemption from TRIPS 
obligation particularly for the pharmaceutical products will be criti cally important.  
4.243.   WTO Members therefore need to develop a special programme for newly graduated countries 
for ensuring smooth transition and preventing any setback.  
4.244.   Vanuatu wish es Bangladesh a successful 5th Trade Policy Review.  
H.E.  MR. SHAMEEM  AHSAN  (AMBA SSADOR  AND  PERMANENT  REPRESENTATIVE ) 
4.245.   I would just like to take a few moments, first of all, to congratulate you for assuming these 
very important responsibilities. Secondly, I wish to take note, with deep gratitude, the presence and 
the participation of a very large number of delegations, many represented by the Ambassadors, their 
participation, the advance questions that they have directed to us. It is to us really a mark of interest 
in Bangladesh, and we take it also as an encouragement to our onward marc h to development.  
4.246.   We have opened our economy. We will do so even more. We also have opened our hearts 
and our doors to a million -strong Rohingyas last year. This catastrophic influx has numerous 
ramifications for our development pursuits . With these few wo rds, can I also invite all delegations 
present to a light lunch after this session. Thank you very much.  
  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRE SENTATIVE OF BANGLADESH  AND ADDITIONAL COMM ENTS  
5.1.  At the outset , let me express my sincere thanks to you and in particular to Ambassador De 
Boer for his valuable observations at the first session. I would also like to register my deep 
appreciation to the delegates for their comments and encouraging words. Now, I will t ouch upon the 
main issues raised by the members in their written and oral submissions. We will respond to the 
additional written questions in due course.  
5.2.  As I have indicated in my opening statement, Bangladesh has made commendable progress in 
maintaining a  growth -conducive macroeconomic environment and attaining the targets set by 
"Vision 2021 ". However, to further accelerate our development and keep the momentum for 
graduation, we need to address the formidable supply -side constraints to improve our 
compet itiveness in the domestic and global markets. In the process, we deeply recognize the 
supports of our development partners and welcome the foreign investors.  
5.3.  Bangladesh has been pursuing private sector led economic policies since mid -80s. As a result, 
contribution of the private sector in GDP, investment and employment generation have increased 
significantly. In 2012, the Government 's share in manufacturing value added was only 2.6 % and the 
total number of government establishments was only 2.6 % employment in 2013. In fiscal year 
2016/17, the total investment as percentage of GDP was 30.3 %, out of which 23 % was from the 
private sector. The Government rather puts emphasis on private sector development and has 
undertaken a number of Mega projects such as gener ating 40,000MW electricity by the year 2030, 
constructing elevated roads and Padma bridges , and e -governance to facilitate private sector led 
development. We , therefore, believe that the statement made at the Secretariat report needs to be 
revisited.  
5.4.  As we  mentioned in our report, the Government has been taking several steps for 
implementation of the Perspective Plan 2010 -2021. In line with this, the Government has adopted 
Industrial Policies and Export Policies during the review period. While Industrial Po licy targets to 
increase contribution of the industrial sector to 35 % of GDP and promote inclusive development 
through diversification of industrial base, Export Policies targets to enhance export to US D 60 billion 
through diversification of export base. F or this, the industrial policy focuses on few priority sectors 
for investment and extends emphasis on development of SMEs, promoting women entrepreneurship 
and attracting foreign investment.  
5.5.  The Industrial Policy also provides various incentives such as t ax exemption, accelerated 
depreciation, concessional rate of interest on current capital; exemption of double tax on royalties 
and technical know -how fees; uninterrupted supply of electricity, natural gas and energy; etc. The 
Industrial Policy 2016 does no t make any distinction between domestic and foreign investors. 
Investment in 22 sectors by domestic as well as the foreign investors requires prior permission. 
These sectors include infrastructure, financial, power, energy, aviation, telecommunication etc.  
There is no quantitative restriction to invest in these sectors. BIDA has been authorized to redress 
the grievance on business activities and investment.  
5.6.  I also like to note that our tax policy does not discriminate between foreign and domestic firms. 
The Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act 1980 ensures fair and equitable 
treatment to foreign private investment. In respect of foreign private investment, the transfer of 
capital and the returns from it and liquidation is guaranteed by t his Act.  
5.7.  Bangladesh has been gradually improving its domestic rules and regulations for making foreign 
investment environment more attractive. Portfolio investment is allowed for foreign investors. It will 
be relaxed further, if necessary.  
5.8.  The PPP Office supports line ministries to identify, develop, tender and finance PPP projects. It 
also provides professional, transparent, centralized portal for the interested investors.  
5.9.  The Government of Bangladesh has been trying to diversify export for reducing high  
dependency on apparel sector. It has already identified 12 highest priority and 14 special 
development sectors and prepared sets of support programs for boosting up exports in these sectors. 
These programmes include granting project loan at reduced intere st rates, income tax rebate, soft 
terms export credit at lower interest rates, duty draw -back/bond facilities, supports for setting up WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  ancillary industries including infrastructural development for reducing cost of production, expansion 
of institutional an d technical capacities for improving quality of products, duty -free import of 
equipment for setting up compliant industry, assistance in marketing , etc. 
5.10.   The Government has also set up sector specific business promotion councils in collaboration 
with the pr ivate sector for leather and leather goods, agro -products, fish, IT services, plastic 
products and medicinal plants. Beside this, it has initiated Export Competitiveness for Jobs Project 
with the World Bank support for export diversification. The governmen t's massive program me for 
setting up 100 economic zones will also contribute in boosting up export of non -traditional items. 
The existing Export Processing Zones are also working to this end.  
5.11.   I am really happy to note that a number of questions are raised  related to possible challenges 
of graduation. The existing trade support measures adopted by the WTO for LDCs helped to expand 
our exports. The loss of DFQF market access and flexibilities provided by the WTO will pose enormous 
challenges for Bangladesh. Towards this end, UN -CDP is going to have an impact assessment study. 
From our part, we are also conducting a study to know the impact and possible ways of meeting 
graduation challenges. Upon completion of the study, the Government will review all the rele vant 
policies. Keeping in view that several LDCs are in the process of graduation, I call upon the WTO 
Members to take actions in line with the General Assembly Resolution 59/209.  
5.12.   Since long, the Government of Bangladesh has been following the practice of extensive 
consultation with private sectors including chambers representing foreign investors in formulation 
of trade and investment policies.  
5.13.   Bangladesh strongly believes that discussions on work programme on e -commerce have not 
been exhausted as of today. Therefore, the WTO committees should conclude discussions of each of 
the elements of work programme with specific recommendations that we exp ressed in our 
submission made before the 11th WTO Ministerial Conference. Regarding discipline on GATS 
domestic regulation, we feel that negotiations on any necessary disciplines must be within the scope 
and coverage of the GATS Article VI.4 and it must cr eate trading opportunity for the LDCs and 
developing countries.  
5.14.   Regarding submission of notifications to the WTO, I suppose members consider the 
administrative constrains faced by Bangladesh like other LDCs. However, according to the update 
on notificatio n circulated by the Secretariat on 21 February 2018, status of notification by 
Bangladesh is not as weak as depicted in the report. Bangladesh 's compliance with notification 
obligation under the Agreement on Agriculture is more than 55 percent as assessed by the 
Secretariat.  
5.15.    Bangladesh generally follows the guidelines of CODEX Alimentarius, IPPC and OIE in adopting 
SPS measures. As of today, no higher level of SPS protection is adopted than that of the relevant 
international standards. Accordingly, Bangladesh is not required to notify its SPS measures. 
Bangladesh never imposed any anti -dumping, countervailing or safeguard duty since 1995. It , 
however, has notified the relevant laws and the name of the investigating authority.  
5.16.   We have recently submitted few notifications on SPS  and TBT. Some others are in the process 
of preparation. We will submit those notifications soon as per our obligations. In this regard, I like 
to inform that Waste Generated Electrical and Electronic Equipment regulation is still in draft stage 
and is not  ready for notification.  
5.17.   As of today, Bangladesh is party to four RTAs. Bangladesh has developed FTA guidelines for 
availing greater market access for trade in goods and services, attracting foreign investment and 
meeting the LDC graduation challenges. Th e on-going FTA negotiations are in different stages, i.e. 
some are in feasibility study stage and some are in negotiation stage.  
5.18.   Bangladesh has made notable regulatory reforms through e -governance. These include 
automation of customs procedures, introduct ion of Annual Performance Agreement for assessing the 
services delivered by government organizations, online registration of Joint Stock Companies and 
Firms, automation of the Office of Chief Controller of Import and Export, Bangladesh Bank. E -filing 
has b een introduced in all Government offices. The Government has also introduced Grievance 
Redressal System, amended a number of laws and enacted One Stop Service Act, 2018 in ensuring WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  delivery of 31 investment related services from a single point. Number of d ocumentation 
requirements and service delivery time has been reduced substantially and the fees have been 
rationalized.  
5.19.   The Government will create International Taxpayers ' Unit for multinational companies to 
facilitate their activities by the end of 2019.  Beside this, the Ministry of Law, Justice and 
Parliamentary Affairs signed an agreement with the International Finance Corporation on Legislative 
Impact Assessment in October 2017.  
5.20.   Bangladesh is a success story of women empowerment. The major initiatives  undertaken by 
the Government include formulation of the National Policy for Advancement of Women and 
preparation of National Action Plan. Government and NGOs extend supports like allocation of 
dedicated loans at lower rate of interest, providing training and marketing supports, participation in 
fairs, setting up a dedicated woman entrepreneur desk at Bangladesh Bank and reserving 15 % SME 
loans exclusively for the women entrepreneurs. As a result, Bangladesh secured 47th position in 
women empowerment among 144 countries in 2017.  
5.21.   Let me now turn to the questions related to trade policy measures. During the period under 
review, the government has taken initiative to modernize the customs act. The new customs act will 
have the provisions for authorized economi c operator, post clearance audit, advance ruling, risk 
management, advance cargo declaration, mandatory electronic payment and reduction of 
discretionary authority of the officials.  
5.22.   Bangladesh, like other LDCs considers tariff as a source of revenue gener ation and trade policy 
tool. Tariffs are determined through extensive consultations with stakeholders. Regulatory duty is 
imposed by the Government as and when necessary on a temporary basis till the end of any financial 
year. In addition, under the VAT Ac t supplementary duties are imposed both on domestic and 
imported goods keeping in mind the tariff bindings in the WTO.  
5.23.   The Government is going to introduce new VAT Act soon. Some basic unprocessed agriculture 
commodities are exempted from VAT, which is eq ually applicable for imported and domestic 
agriculture products. VAT Act does not make any distinction between domestic and foreign investors, 
neither has any provision for increasing export price of tobacco and tobacco products.  
5.24.   Prior permission is requi red for importation of few agriculture products such as plants and 
plant products, rice and potato seeds, egg of poultry to ensure that the imported agriculture products 
are in line with existing laws and regulation.  
5.25.   The Public Procurement Act 2006 and the  Public Procurement Rules 2008 contain provisions 
ensuring transparency in government procurement that include circulation of public procurement 
plan at the website and publishes tender in two national newspapers, CPTU website and in UN Gallery 
allowing su fficient time to prepare and submit tenders. In addition, the Government has introduced 
electrotonic government procurement called e -GP.  
5.26.   In procuring the services, the Government gives 7.5 % preference to the domestic service 
supplier over Foreign Service suppliers. The government has not yet considered becoming observer 
of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement.  
5.27.   Bangladesh Competition Commission applies uniform rules to both national and foreign 
companies. Non -discriminatory rules are also applied for bo th private enterprises and state-owned 
Enterprises. In doing so, the Commission follows all global best practices.  
5.28.   Bangladesh as such does not have any acts and rules for regulating the prices of necessity 
goods and agricultural products that could affect the market forces. Trading corporation of 
Bangladesh and Bangladesh Food Directorate often sell some essential commodities including rice 
to poor and vulnerable people of the country at affordable prices for ensuring their food security.  
5.29.   As an LDC , Bangla desh is exempted from the TRIPS obligation, yet the Government updated 
copy right, trademarks and GI laws and rules incorporating the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. 
The Government has recently adopted the Innovation and IP Policy 2018 through extensive  
consultation with the stakeholders for promoting IP rights and raising awareness keeping in mind WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
- 36 - 
 
  graduation from the LDC status. The Customs Act contains provision to inspect, seize, and detain 
shipments of any counterfeit or pirated goods.  
5.30.   The trade mark  is protected under national law and protection is granted if it is registered in 
our country. Geographical indication Act ensures GI protection for domestic as well as foreign goods. 
An e-filing system for trade mark applications is in place since January  2018. DPDT has a plan to 
open its database for the public. General Council decision of 30 November 2015 waived all LDCs 
including Bangladesh from the obligation of 70.8 and accordingly Bangladesh does not maintain 
mail-box since then. The Government is no w having consultation with stakeholders on joining the 
PCT and Madrid System.  
5.31.   Let me now response on sectoral policies.  
Agriculture and fisheries  
5.32.   Bangladesh provides minimal domestic supports that include expansion of irrigation facilities; 
research on pro duction of improved quality and high yielding varieties of seeds, introduction of 
short-duration crops, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) , etc. These activities are covered under 
the Green Box subsidies and will be notified accordingly.  
5.33.   Major focuses of Ban gladesh in fisheries subsidies negotiation are to ensure exclusion of 
aquaculture and inland fisheries from the discipline; exemption from obligation on providing 
subsidies to unreported and unregulated fishing unless capacity is developed through technica l 
assistance; not to consider fish in overfished condition due to absence of assessment; exemption 
from obligation on artisanal and small -scale fishing within EEZ, exemption from obligation on 
prohibition of subsidies for capacity building, transition peri od for graduated LDCs etc.  
Energy sector  
5.34.   The energy sector is already open to foreign investment. Till September 2018, FDI stock in 
the energy sector stands at US D 3,679.82 million. Bangladesh has extensive mechanism to quarterly 
collect and publish the FDI inflow in the country.  
5.35.   Existing policy encourages private sector to generate electricity under PPP and Independent 
Power Plant arrangements. Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. is responsible for operation, 
maintenance and development of transmission system all over Bangladesh. At present, six 
organizations are responsible for electricity distribution countrywide. More than 50 % power is 
generated by private sec tor and 90 % of population has access to electricity. The power sector master 
plan targets to generate 24,000 MW by 2021.  
Manufacturing sector  
5.36.   The Government of Bangladesh has recently adopted policy with time bound action plans for 
active pharmaceutical i ngredients and reagent production and export. Active Pharmaceuticals 
Ingredients (API) Park has been established. Since Bangladesh meets 98 % of local demand of 
pharmaceuticals products with domestic production, till today Bangladesh did not require to use 
Paragraph 6 System for import of pharmaceuticals. As of today, no WTO Members have approached 
to Bangladesh to import medicine using the WTO 's Paragraph 6 System.  
5.37.   To reduce negative environmental impact of leather industry, the scattered tanneries have 
been shifted to the BSCIC Leather Industrial Estate with a facility of Central Effluent Treatment Plant. 
The Government has taken project for building clinics and accommodation for the workers engaged 
in leather sector.   
Service sector  
5.38.   You may recall that du ring the WTO Hong Kong Ministerial Conference, recognizing the 
particular economic situation of LDCs, Ministers agreed that they are not expected to undertake new 
commitments ". Accordingly, Bangladesh is not expected to undertake any new commitment in trad e 
in services. However, Bangladesh may consider increasing its commitment under GATS upon the 
conclusion Doha Development Agenda.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  5.39.   Bangladesh Bank has been regularly reforming its rules and procedures. Currently, it is 
implementing a project on risk -based supervision. Currently, World Bank and IMF have undertaken 
Financial Sector Assessment Program for assessing its regulations. A loa n disbursement policy has 
been adopted for preventing future non -performing loan. In addition, a number of committees have 
been formed for analysing  the problem of existing non -performing loans.  
5.40.   To address and monitor the operational and managerial risks,  Bangladesh Bank has issued 
comprehensive risk management guidelines, such as credit risk management, asset -liability 
management, internal control and compliance management, operational risk management, foreign 
exchange risk management, environmental risk management and money Laundering and terrorist 
financing. It has also established several monitoring tools to oversee the performances of the banks 
and non -bank financial institutions using on -site and off -site supervision mechanisms.  
5.41.   To ensure compliance, Bangladesh Bank independently appoints observer for specific 
commercial bank having poor CAMELS rating or suffering from poor corporate governance. There is 
well-defined Terms of References for the observers. The observers submit detailed report of the 
meetings and provide instant feedback to Bangladesh Bank. They independently express their 
opinion to Bangladesh Bank for necessary actions. There are examples, where appointment of 
observers led to better corporate governance, bringing down non -performance l oans and improving 
financial position of the concerned bank.  
5.42.   For granting licenses, Bangladesh Bank follows a transparent and systematic process. It 
assesses the requirement of setting up new banks based on the pre -set criteria. Upon getting license, 
the bank-companies must follow the prudential regulations, guidelines and instructions of 
Bangladesh Bank.  
5.43.   The requirements for establishing a locally incorporated entity or branches of a foreign bank 
are almost same as that of the local banks. However, a for eign bank has to submit additional 
documents such as commitment of the parent bank, clearance from the regulatory authority of the 
parent bank, copy of the license issued by the home country and last three years audited financial 
statements for setting up branches.  
5.44.   As per Guidelines for Foreign Exchange Transactions, branches of foreign firms and 
companies, foreign banks, financial institutions and insurance companies operating in Bangladesh 
may remit profits abroad through their nominated Authorized Dealer s without prior approval from 
Bangladesh Bank. Authorized Dealers are also allowed to remit dividends to the non -resident 
shareholders without prior approval from Bangladesh Bank. Therefore, no bureaucratic burden is 
associated with repatriation of any kin ds of returns from the foreign investments including profits.  
5.45.   The Industrial Policy 2016 designates the insurance as one of the controlled sectors that 
require prior permission for investment. It is mandatory to set up a company in Bangladesh to obtain 
an insurance license. There is no opportunity to provide cross border insurance services. At present, 
the Government does not have any plan to make any changes of the existing policy.  
5.46.   Insurance sector could not achieve expected level of growth because of ina dequate public 
awareness. The recent growth of state -owned life insurance may be attributed to the increasing 
trend of public confidence in state -owned life insurance. The objective of the Insurance Sector 
Development Project is to strengthen the instituti onal capacity of the regulator and state -owned 
insurance corporations and increase the coverage of insurance in Bangladesh through creating public 
awareness.  
5.47.   To stabilize the capital market and develop confidence among investors, Bangladesh 
Securities and  Exchange Commission disseminates price sensitive information, conducts campaigns, 
publishes printed and online brochures and booklets. It has also established Financial Literacy 
Department and sends SMS alert to beneficiary owner account holders.  
5.48.   The Ban gladesh Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a publicly available database 
for monitoring the activities of the companies and protecting the interest of the investors, prevention 
of any fraudulent activities and smooth growth of the capital sector.  The information preserved in 
the database provides helps to monitor the performances and financial health of a company. It has 
also a Central Depository System which works like a bank for shares instead of money.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  5.49.   Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Au thority is yet to develop modalities for 
utilization of the fund collected to meet universal service obligation, which would ensure availability 
of services in remote areas.  
5.50.   Development of road and rail transport infrastructure is the top priorities of the  government. 
Accordingly, a number of First Track and Mega Projects have been undertaken by the Government 
where the lead contractors are foreign firms. In addition, the government also invites PPP in 
developing transport infrastructure where no restrictio n exists on participation of foreign firms.  
5.51.   The Bangladesh Flag Vessels (Protection) Ordinance 1982 ensures that at least 40 % of sea -
borne cargo is to be carried by national flag vessels, in conformity with the UNCTAD Code of Conduct 
for Liner Conferences.  The provision applied in Bangladesh is irrespective of the type of vessels. 
However, in keeping with the needs of the country 's foreign trade, these provisions of the Ordinance 
are relaxed time to time through general waiver.  
5.52.   The Government has taken a nu mber of projects for improving the port capacities and meeting 
growing demands of the country. Out of these, Laldia Terminal project will be implemented through 
PPP Model, proposals from private sector for establishing Bay Terminal project is under conside ration 
and Matarbari Port project will be implemented with the support from JICA.  
5.53.   Private sector is engaged in terminal and berth operation services, cargo and container 
handling services along with the operation of 10 Gantry cranes in Chattagram port. In  addition, 
17 dry ports, in close vicinity of Chattagram Port are operated by the private sector.  
5.54.   I hope I have covered most of the points raised by the distinguished Members. Once again, I 
would like to appreciate your kind interest in Bangladesh 's trade  policy, your active participation and 
your constructive suggestions.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.55.   I would like to thank the Government of Bangladesh, led by Mr. Tipu  Munshi, Minister of 
Commerce and the entire Bangladeshi delegation on its openness and high level of participation in 
their fifth Trade Policy Review. I also want to commend Bangladesh for following the alternative 
timelines in their Trade Policy Review.  
5.56.   I would also like to thank WTO Members for their active engagement in this Trade Policy 
Review. The interest and importance that WTO Members place on the trade policies and practices of 
Bangladesh was exhibited with over 120 questions by 13 Members and fro m 30 statements by 
Members in the Trade Policy Review on Wednesday.  
5.57.   From my perspective as a discussant, I am reminded of the value of the trade policy review 
process in the WTO. The TPR process is a unique opportunity that enhances transparency in the 
WTO by allowing the examination of trade policies and practices of Members in a productive and 
constructive manner. While the WTO faces many challenges today, the TPR process remains a 
well-functioning and essential pillar of the WTO.  
5.58.   The discussion over the last two days highlighted the substantial economic progress and 
reforms Bangladesh has made since its last Trade Policy Review. While much progress has been 
made on economic growth and poverty reduction, Members have also pointed out areas where 
continued reforms and attention from the Bangladesh government is needed to help with the 
transition from LDC status in 2024.  
5.59.   On this point, I believe Members recognize the difficult challenge that remains for Bangladesh 
to reach its goal of graduating from the LDC  category by 2024.  
5.60.   I would now like to highlight some of the comments made by Members over the course of this 
Trade Policy Review.  
5.61.   First, I would like to touch upon Bangladesh 's role in the multilateral trading system and the 
WTO. Members noted Bangladesh 's strong commitment to the WTO and the multilateral trading WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  system illustrated through the leadership role Bangladesh has played in coordinating the LDC group, 
and in ratifying the Trade Facilitation Agreement.  
5.62.   Members also encouraged Bangladesh to contin ue to play an active role at the WTO. Members 
noted Bangladesh can demonstrate this commitment by increasing efforts to meet WTO notification 
requirements and engaging with the Secretariat to assist in this endeavour ; to consider joining the 
Joint Statemen t Initiative (JSIs) on e -commerce, and investment facilitation, MSMEs and the 
Declaration on Women and Trade from Buenos Aires; and by joining the WTO 's Government 
Procurement Agreement.  
5.63.   Next, I would like to highlight some areas where Bangladesh has taken  concrete steps forward 
and where challenges remain to safeguard its strong economic growth.  
5.64.   Members have welcomed reforms undertaken to expand trade, investment and economic 
growth. This includes through Bangladesh 's export -oriented policy in plan Vision  2021, and through 
its import policy 2015 -2018. In addition, Members applauded the steps forward Bangladesh has 
taken in streamlining regulations in its One Stop Shop act aimed at creating a stable environment 
to attract and retain foreign investment.  
5.65.   Members also highlighted the role ready -made garment (RMG) sector plays in driving the 
export led economic growth of Bangladesh. While this sector has driven strong growth, Members 
encouraged Bangladesh to take steps to diversify its exports which remain h ighly concentrated in 
this sector.  
5.66.   In conclusion, I would like to thank Bangladesh and all Members who participated in the fifth 
Trade Policy Review over the past two days.  
5.67.   I hope the Bangladeshi delegation has found this trade policy review productive an d useful. I 
would like to wish Bangladesh continued success in its economic and trade policy reforms as it moves 
closer to its transition from LDC status in 2024. Thank you,  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.68.   Let me first thank Bangladesh for the comprehensive overview presen ted last Wednesday  and 
this morning  of the main developments occurred during the review period.  
5.69.   The EU is pleased to note that this review has been very useful for better understanding the 
trade policy of Bangladesh and hopes that it will duly take into ac count some of the challenges 
highlighted by Members.  
5.70.   The EU appreciates the timely replies provided to all the EU questions.  We have  submitted 
two follow -up questions related to Bangladesh 's foreign investment regime  and we look forward to 
the responses in  due time . 
5.71.   Thank you again for the constructive participation in this exercise.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.72.   The United States congratulates Bangladesh on a successful Trade Policy Review and 
commends Bangladesh's commitment to bring its trade and investment regime into compliance with 
the WTO rules.  
5.73.   Bangladesh has seen measurable results, including graduating to World Bank lower -middle 
income status in 2015 and, it is expected, LDC graduation in 2024.  
5.74.   We have submitted follow -up questions in the area of standards and tec hnical requirements, 
and we look forward to Bangladesh's responses to these questions.  
5.75.   We again thank the delegation for their efforts to prepare for this successful TPR, and we wish 
them a safe journey home.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  BENIN  ON BEHALF  OF THE AFRICAN  GROUP  
5.76.   The Africa n Group welcomes Bangladesh's efforts and accomplishments regarding the 
promotion of international trade. The actions and initiatives undertaken as part of the "Vision 2021" 
and "Vision 2041" programmes have resulted in stable growth and remarkable economi c, trade and 
social results.  
5.77.   It notes with satisfaction the clear improvement achieved in the country's overall economic 
indices, particularly in infrastructure and in the energy, information and communication technology 
(ICT) and investment sectors, by us ing the public -private partnership (PPP) approach, which has 
resulted in continuous GDP growth since 2012. The 2015 -2018 export policy has contributed to the 
development of strategic sectors and the implementation of special programmes.  
5.78.   The resulting momen tum generated, with an approach based on the lifecycle for social welfare 
programmes, has led to a clear decrease in the number of persons living in extreme poverty, 
although efforts still need to be made in this area.  
5.79.   The African Group thus wishes to reit erate its support and encouragement for the 
administrative, legal, tax and customs reforms carried out by Bangladesh, and for its decision to 
manage its monetary policy prudently. Efforts must continue to be made in growth sectors, such as 
services, agricu lture, fisheries, forestry and industry.  
5.80.   The investment sector, and particularly that of domestic savings, which remains weak, at 
between 10 and 12%, must continue to be supported through the adoption of measures to promote 
investment and the National Skil l Development Policy introduced by the Government in 2011.  
5.81.   The African Group appreciates Bangladesh's significant contribution to the negotiating work 
carried out at the WTO in different working groups, formats and configurations, and also on the 
ground, p articularly with a view to obtaining a significant outcome at the Twelfth WTO Ministerial 
Conference in Astana in 2020.  
5.82.   The Group reiterates its support for Bangladesh and urges the WTO to continue to assist 
Bangladesh with its efforts and achievements, wi th a view to ensuring the attainment of its 
sustainable and inclusive economic and social development goals.  
5.83.   In conclusion, the African Group wishes the People's Republic of Bangladesh a successful 
trade  policy review.  
H.E.  MR. TIPU  MUNSHI  (HEAD  OF DELEGATION)  
5.84.   Thank you for the opportunity to express, once again, my appreciation to you for the very 
lively discussions and keen interest about our trade regime. During the two -day sessions, my 
delegation carefully listened to your valuable comments and t ook note of the discussions. We already 
responded to the written questions that we have received until the 3rd of April 2019. We, however, 
received some follow -up questions, to which we will respond once we return to our capital. We firmly 
believe that the  issues raised here in the WTO will contribute to improving our trade policy, 
promoting our trade and investment, and extending our multilateral ties.  
5.85.   Bangladesh highly regards the value of the TPR as an essential pillar of the WTO, as it provides 
a unique  opportunity to improve trade policy, regime and bring transparency to the system.  
5.86.   We all agree that the WTO is now passing a critical phase. We could not deliver what we 
promised in Doha. This has been posing challenges in upholding trust in the multilate ral trading 
system. We should note that our discussions here will not only impact on global trade but have 
serious implications on the lives and livelihood of many millions of people, particularly to those living 
in the economically vulnerable countries.  
5.87.   You all appreciated our impressive GDP growth and remarkable achievement in attaining MDG 
targets. This is, however, not enough in achieving our MDG targets, particularly in ensuring economic 
growth of our country and facing graduation challenges.  WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  5.88.   We theref ore need more shared opportunities for sustainable graduation and fulfilling the MDG 
goals.  
5.89.   Given the present moment of graduation of a number of LDCs, I ask the WTO Members to 
time our action plan with special emphasis on preferential market access and co ntinuation of other 
exemptions that they are currently enjoying in ensuring sustainable graduation.  
5.90.   We look forward to receiving meaningful cooperation from the Members and the developed 
partners. Thank you.  
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  The fifth Trade Policy Review of Bangladesh has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our 
understanding of recent developments in, and challenges to, its trade, economic, and investment 
policies. Since its last Review in 2012, Bangladesh 's initiatives to fur ther integrate into the 
multilateral trading system and take advantage of the opportunities it offers have been greatly 
appreciated. Indeed, the more than 150 advance written questions submitted by 16 Members and 
the 30 delegations that took the floor duri ng the first day underline the importance attached by 
Members to Bangladesh 's trade and investment policies and practices.  
6.2.  I would like to thank the Bangladeshi delegation, led by the Honourable Minister of Commerce, 
Tipu Munshi, for its active participat ion in this exercise. I would also like to thank our discussant 
H.E. Mr. Stephen C. De Boer, Ambassador of Canada, for his insightful remarks, and all the 
delegations that took the floor for their valuable contributions to this Review.  
6.3.  Members did commend  Bangladesh for its strong economic performance, which was enabled 
by prudent macroeconomic management. Robust GDP growth over the period under review has 
allowed the reduction of poverty and the improvement of other social indicators, as well as enabling 
Bangladesh to cross the World Bank 's threshold for lower -middle -income countries in 2015 and to 
be on track to graduate from least developed country (LDC) status by 2024. Members did commend  
Bangladesh for implementing several policies, including Vision 20 21 and 2041, the National 
Industrial Policy 2016, the Export Policy 2018 -21 and for its efforts in areas of regulatory reform, 
taxation and improving its business environment, including the One -Stop Shop (OSS) Act and 
promoting trade facilitation. On the o ther hand, Members also stressed that in order to keep the 
growth momentum and address post -LDC graduation challenges, Bangladesh would have to engage 
further in ongoing reforms, which would enhance the diversification of its economy and the 
competitivenes s of its industries, as well as improve its business environment and fiscal conditions.  
6.4.  Members praised Bangladesh for its strong support and active participation in the Multilateral 
Trading System, as well as for its role as a prominent coordinator for LD Cs at the WTO. It was also 
commended for expanding its WTO commitments including through the ratification of the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement (TFA). Bangladesh was encouraged to consider joining the WTO Government 
Procurement Agreement as an observer, and to participate actively in the joint statement initiatives 
on e -commerce, investment facilitation, MSMEs, and women empowerment agreed at the 
11th Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires. Members also noted Bangladesh 's record of WTO 
notification, due in part to lack of administrative constraints, and encouraged the strengthening of 
efforts in this area and furthering regulatory transparency. Bangladesh 's participation in several 
RTAs was also noted  and its ongoing efforts with various negotiations . 
6.5.  Members congratulated Bangladesh for its achievements in trade facilitation, including the 
implementation of the Authorised Economic Operator system, as well as measures to make customs 
formalities and procedures simpler, more transparent and more efficient, inclu ding through the 
Customs Modernization Action Plan 2013 -17 and plans to establish a national single window for 
traders by end 2021. However, despite praise for the use of mainly ad valorem  tariff rates, some 
concern was raised regarding the overall gap between the simple averages of bound rates and MFN 
applied rates and the lack of predictability that this gap could lead to. Consequently, Bangladesh 
was encouraged to find ways to provide mo re certainty to importers and traders and consider taking 
tariff liberalization action. Some Members appreciated efforts in implementing the regulatory and 
institutional framework for competition policy as well as for strengthening its IPR protection 
legislation.  
6.6.  There were  other issues also raised by certain Members. They included climate change 
vulnerability, efforts at improving workers ' safety, diversification of the economy, policies to 
encourage privatization, expansion of special economic zones, pow er generation capacity, transport 
infrastructure development, regulatory guidelines for pharmaceuticals and medical devices, support 
to the textiles sector, development of the ICT sector, liberalization of trade in services and challenges 
to the banking se ctor.  
6.7.  The above are some of the key issues that had emerged in our discussion. I hope that the 
Bangladesh i delegation will take into account and further reflect on these issues and on the many 
constructive comments, both broad and detailed, that it has re ceived during this Review. Finally, I WT/TPR/M/385 • Bangladesh  
 
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  would like to thank all those that participated in our discussion, and I look forward to receiving the 
further answers from Bangladesh to any outstanding questions within one month, at which point the 
Review will be su ccessfully concluded.  
__________