4188 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 15 / Tuesday, January 23, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 
removes ‘‘Skymount Drones’’ under the 
destination of Canada, ‘‘Plexus (Xiamen) Co., Ltd.,’’ under the destination of China, and ‘‘Delma Industrial Supply & Marine Services’’ under the destination of the United Arab Emirates. BIS is removing these three persons pursuant to § 744.15(c)(2) of the EAR. 
Rulemaking Requirements 
Executive Order Requirements 
Executive Orders 13563 and 12866 
direct agencies to assess all costs and 
benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, distribute impacts, and equity). Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility. This final rule has been deemed not significant for purposes of Executive Order 12866. 
This rule does not contain policies 
with Federalism implications as that term is defined under Executive Order 13132. 
Paperwork Reduction Act 
Requirements 
Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, no person is required to respond to, nor is subject to a penalty for failure to comply with, a collection of information, subject to the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) (PRA), unless that collection of information displays a currently valid Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Control Number. 
The UVL additions contain 
collections of information approved by OMB under the following control numbers: 
•OMB Control Number 0694–0088— 
Simple Network Application Process 
and Multipurpose Application Form 
•OMB Control Number 0694–0122— 
Miscellaneous Licensing Responsibilities and Enforcement 
•OMB Control Number 0694–0134— 
Entity List and Unverified List Requests, 
•OMB Control Number 0694–0137— 
License Exemptions and Exclusions. 
BIS believes that the overall increases 
in burdens and costs will be minimal 
and will fall within the already approved amounts for these existing collections. Additional information regarding these collections of information—including all background materials—can be found at https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain by using the search function to enter either the title of the collection or the OMB Control Number. 
Administrative Procedure Act and 
Regulatory Flexibility Act Requirements 
Pursuant to Section 1762 of ECRA (50 
U.S.C. 4821), this action is exempt from the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 553) requirements for notice of proposed rulemaking and opportunity for public participation. 
Further, no other law requires notice 
of proposed rulemaking or opportunity for public comment for this final rule. Because a notice of proposed rulemaking and an opportunity for public comment are not required under the Administrative Procedure Act or by any other law, the analytical requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) are not applicable. 
List of Subjects in 15 CFR Part 744 
Exports, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Terrorism. 
Accordingly, part 744 of the Export 
Administration Regulations (15 CFR 
parts 730 through 774) is amended as follows: 
PART 744—END-USE AND END-USER 
CONTROLS 
■1. The authority citation for 15 CFR 
part 744 continues to read as follows: 
Authority: 50 U.S.C. 4801–4852; 50 U.S.C. 
4601 et seq.; 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.; 22 U.S.C. 
3201 et seq.; 42 U.S.C. 2139a; 22 U.S.C. 7201 
et seq.; 22 U.S.C. 7210; E.O. 12058, 43 FR 
20947, 3 CFR, 1978 Comp., p. 179; E.O. 12851, 58 FR 33181, 3 CFR, 1993 Comp., p. 608; E.O. 12938, 59 FR 59099, 3 CFR, 1994 Comp., p. 950; E.O. 13026, 61 FR 58767, 3 CFR, 1996 Comp., p. 228; E.O. 13099, 63 FR 45167, 3 CFR, 1998 Comp., p. 208; E.O. 13222, 66 FR 44025, 3 CFR, 2001 Comp., p. 783; E.O. 13224, 66 FR 49079, 3 CFR, 2001 Comp., p. 786; Notice of November 8, 2022, 87 FR 68015, 3 CFR, 2022 Comp., p. 563; Notice of September 7, 2023, 88 FR 62439 (September 11, 2023). 
■2. Supplement No. 6 to Part 744 is 
amended: 
■a. Under CANADA by removing the 
entry for ‘‘Skymount Drones,’’ 
■b. Under CHINA, PEOPLE’S 
REPUBLIC OF, by removing the entry 
for ‘‘Plexus (Xiamen) Co., Ltd.,’’ and 
■c. Under UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 
by removing the entry for ‘‘Delma Industrial Supply & Marine Services.’’ 
Thea D. Rozman Kendler, 
Assistant Secretary for Export 
Administration. 
[FR Doc. 2024–01253 Filed 1–19–24; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 3510–33–P CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY 
COMMISSION 
16 CFR Part 1420 
[CPSC Docket No. 2017–0032] 
Standard for All-Terrain Vehicles 
AGENCY : Consumer Product Safety 
Commission. 
ACTION : Final rule. 
SUMMARY : The Consumer Product Safety 
Act (CPSA), as amended by the 
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA), required the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC or the Commission) to publish, as a mandatory consumer product safety standard, the American National Standard for Four-Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) developed by the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America (ANSI/SVIA 1–2007). CPSC published that mandatory consumer product safety standard in November 2008. In March 2023, ANSI/SVIA issued a 2023 edition of its standard. In accordance with the CPSA, CPSC is issuing this final rule to amend the Commission’s mandatory ATV standard to reference the 2023 edition of the ANSI/SVIA 1 standard. 
DATES : This rule is effective on January 
1, 2025. The incorporation by reference of the publication listed in this rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of January 1, 2025. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : 
William Cusey, Small Business Ombudsman, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; telephone: 301–504–7833; email: wcusey@cpsc.gov. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : 
I. Background and Statutory Authority 
Section 42 of the CPSA, as amended 
by section 232 of the CPSIA, directed the Commission to ‘‘publish in the Federal Register as a mandatory consumer product safety standard the American National Standard for Four- Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles Equipment Configuration, and Performance Requirements developed by the 
Specialty Vehicle Institute of America (American National Standard ANSI/ SVIA 1–2007).’’ 15 U.S.C. 2089(a)(1). Accordingly, on November 14, 2008, CPSC published a final rule, codified at 16 CFR part 1420, establishing ANSI/ SVIA 1–2007 as a mandatory consumer product safety standard. 73 FR 67385. 
Section 42(b) of the CPSA provides 
that if ANSI/SVIA 1–2007 is revised after the Commission has published a Federal Register notice mandating the 
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1On January 5, 2024, the Commission voted (3– 
1) to approve publication of this final rule. 
Commissioner Trumka issued a statement in 
connection with his vote, available at: https://
www.cpsc.gov/content/RCA-Federal-Register- Notice-Amendment-to-Standard-for-All-Terrain- 
Vehicles-Draft-Final-Rule. 
2Staff’s NPR Briefing Package is available at 
https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Federal-Register- Notice-Amendment-to-Standard-for-All-Terrain- Vehicles-Notice-of-Proposed-Rulemaking.pdf?VersionId=bcc3JxBvevwLkKnSHIeL90UVi4pIq3lB. standard as a consumer product safety 
standard, ANSI must notify the Commission of the revision, and the Commission has 120 days after it receives that notification to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend the Commission’s mandatory ATV standard ‘‘to include any such revision that the Commission determines is reasonably related to the safe performance of all-terrain vehicles, and notify the Institute of any provision it has determined not to be so related.’’ 15 U.S.C. 2089(b)(1) and (2). The Commission has 180 days after publication of the proposed amendment to publish a final amendment to revise the ATV standard. 15 U.S.C. 2089(b)(2). 
In 2012, the Commission revised part 
1420 in accordance with the revision procedures set out in the CPSA, to reference the 2010 edition of the ANSI/ SVIA 1 standard. 77 FR 12197 (February 29, 2012). In 2018, the Commission published a final rule that amended the mandatory ATV standard to reference the 2017 edition of the ANSI/SVIA 1 standard. 83 FR 8336 (February 27, 2018).
1 II. The ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 Standard 
and Proposed Rule 
On March 21, 2023, SVIA notified the 
Commission of its publication of a revised ATV standard, ANSI/SVIA 1– 2023. On July 27, 2023, the Commission published a proposed rule (NPR), 88 FR 48398, to amend part 1420 to reference the 2023 edition of the ANSI/SVIA 1 standard. In the NPR, the Commission described the material changes made in ANSI/SVIA 1–2023: requirements for hot surfaces; requirements for fuel systems; removal of the maximum 
recommended tire pressure of 69 kPa (10 psi); and removal of the current requirement that paper user manuals be provided with all ATVs—all with an effective date ‘‘beginning with 2026 model year vehicles.’’ 
A. Hot Surfaces 
ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 Section 12, Hot 
Surfaces, newly requires all categories 
of ATVs to meet surface temperature limits. The July 27, 2023, Staff Briefing Package: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPR) to Amend the All- Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Standard (Staff’s NPR Briefing Package)
2provides a 
detailed analysis of the ATV test 
methods and maximum allowable surface temperatures that can mitigate the risk of contact burns. 
Section 12 provides a method to 
evaluate the increase in surface temperatures that occurs when an ATV is subjected to a driving test. This test evaluates the heat generated from a test vehicle’s components, including the exhaust and engine components, when the vehicle is driven for 30 minutes at a maximum speed of 20 mph. After the driving portion of this test, whether performed on a test track or chassis dynamometer, the test instrumentation records surface temperature data throughout the ‘‘heat soak’’ period, during which the heat load generated by the exhaust and surrounding components transfer to other parts of the ATV. The performance requirement in Section 12 limits the maximum temperatures for various touch points per Table 1: 
TABLE 1—ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 S URFACE TEMPERATURE LIMITS  
Touch point category Typical contact duration Maximum material temperature limits, 
source: ISO 13732–1 
Metal, no coatings Plastics, general 
Continuous .............................................................. 1 minute or longer ..................................... ............. 44 °C (111 °F) 44 °C (111 °F) 
Intermittent .............................................................. 4 seconds or longer but less than 1 minute .......... 5 1 °C (124 °F) 60 °C (140 °F) 
Momentary .............................................................. 1 second or longer but less than 4 seconds ......... 58 °C (136 °F) 76 °C (169 °F) 
Incidental ................................................................. Less than 1 second .................................. .............. 64 °C (147 °F) 85 °C (185 °F) 
These surface temperature limits are 
comparable to those that apply to other consumer products that can pose contact burn hazards. The ANSI Z21.1– 2018 Standard for Household Cooking 
Gas Appliances, for example, has maximum allowable surface temperatures of 83.5 °C for plastic 
surfaces and 66.5 °C for metal surfaces 
of gas ranges, which are comparable to the temperature limits set in ANSI/SVIA 1–2023. In the NPR, the Commission preliminarily concluded that testing the temperature of specified ATV touch points as provided by ANSI/SVIA 1– 2023 is reasonably related to the safe performance of ATVs as specified in CPSA section 42(b) and recommended including this revision in the final rule. B. Fuel Systems 
ATVs equipped with gasoline-fueled 
engines can have fuel breaches from 
various locations including fuel hose connections, fuel tank cracks, and fuel filter cracks, among others. The 2023 edition of the ANSI/SVIA standard adds performance requirements to mitigate the risk of fuel leaks and fire hazards. Section 13 of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023, Fuel Systems Requirements, specifies comprehensive performance requirements applicable to various elements of the vehicle’s fuel system that may contribute to fuel leaks and fire hazards. No previous edition of ANSI/ SVIA 1 has included performance requirements to address fire hazards from fuel leaks. 
The new performance requirements to 
mitigate fuel leaks are the following: •Fuel Tank Structural Integrity: 
Sections 13.3 and 13.5 Fuel Tank Immersion Leak Test and Fuel Tank Cyclic Pressure Integrity Test, Section 13.6 Fuel Soak Test for Plastic Tanks and Assemblies with Grommets and Seals, Section 13.7.1 Fuel Tank Impact Integrity Test, and Sections 13.8 and 13.15 Fuel Tank Protection Envelope Analysis and Fuel Tank Venting; 
•Fuel Hoses: Section 13.9 Fuel Line 
Integrity and Section 13.10 Fuel Line Connection Tensile Test; 
•Fuel Filter and Shut-off Valve: 
Section 13.4 Fuel Filter and Shut-off Valve Immersion Leak Test; and 
•Elastomeric Component Durability: 
Section 13.11 Fuel Resistance Test, Section 13.12 Ozone Resistance, Section 13.13 Ultraviolet (UV) Resistance Test, and Section 13.14Corrosion Resistance. 
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3Briefing Memorandum and Tab A of NPR to 
Amend ATV Standard, July 2023: https://
www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Federal-Register-Notice- Amendment-to-Standard-for-All-Terrain-Vehicles- Notice-of-Proposed-Rulemaking.pdf?VersionId=bcc3JxBvevwLkKnSHIeL90UVi4pIq3lB. Most of these requirements are one- 
time design qualification tests. The one- 
time qualification tests require manufacturers to conduct a single test for certification that the design of a fuel system meets all the applicable requirements, after which components of individual vehicles may be manufactured to those design specifications without further testing. Only the Section 13.3 Fuel Tank Immersion Leak Test and 13.4 Fuel Filter and Shut-off Valve Immersion Leak Test must be performed on each fuel tank unit before they are installed on a manufacturer’s ATV production line. 
The one-time qualification tests to 
evaluate fuel tank structural integrity performance involve impacts, cyclical pressure to simulate ambient temperature fluctuations, elevated temperature environments, and simulated rollover scenarios. The required tests evaluate the leakage rates of rollover vent valves in rollover scenarios; the integrity of fuel hose connections; fuel filters and fuel shutoff valves’ ability to resist leakage; and elastomeric (rubber) components’ ability to resist ultraviolet (UV), ozone, and chemical exposures. The NPR Staff Briefing Package provides detailed explanations of the various subsections of Section 13 that will mitigate fire risks from fuel leaks.
3 
The fuel system performance 
requirements in Section 13 are directed at reducing the risk of fuel leaks due to possible fuel breaches, over pressurizations, fuel spills, and component deterioration. Thus, in the 
NPR, the Commission preliminarily concluded that the fuel system performance requirements in Section 13 of the 2023 edition of the ANSI/SVIA standard are reasonably related to the safe performance of ATVs and recommended including this revision in the final rule. 
C. Removal of the Maximum 
Recommended Tire Pressure 
Section 4.19 Tires of the 2007, 2010, 
and 2017 editions of the ANSI/SVIA 1 standard defined ‘‘low-pressure tires’’ as ‘‘having a recommended tire pressure of no more than 69 kPa (10 psi).’’ Section 4.19 of the 2017 standard differentiates between Pneumatic Tires (Section 4.19.1) and Non-Pneumatic Tires (NPTs) (Section 4.19.2) and sets a Pneumatic Tire requirement of ‘‘Maximum recommended tire pressure of 69 kPa 
(10 psi).’’ Section 4.19.2 specifies ‘‘NPTs [sic] vertical stiffness shall be designed to produce a ground pressure of 69kPa (10 psi) or less with the subject vehicle.’’ In the 2023 revision, however, the tire pressure value for Pneumatic Tires and vertical stiffness equivalent tire pressure value for NPTs have been deleted. 
In the NPR, the Commission 
preliminarily concluded that the removal of a maximum tire pressure from the ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 standard is reasonably related to the safe performance of ATVs and not detrimental to ATV safety, and accordingly proposed including this revision in the final rule. 
D. Owner’s Manual 
The 2023 edition of ANSI/SVIA 1 
removes a phrase stating that mandatory 
owner’s manuals ‘‘may be supplemented at the manufacturer’s option in electronic form viewable on a display on the ATV or other device,’’ which was added to the 2017 edition. Section 4.21 of the 2023 revision instead 
states that ‘‘[a]ll ATVs shall be provided with a manual in paper or electronic 
form at the time of delivery to the first purchaser. All ATVs with printed manuals shall be equipped with a means of carrying the manual that protects it from destructive elements while allowing reasonable access’’ (emphasis added). 
Based on the increased risk of 
consumers not receiving information on the safe use of ATVs if that information is only electronically available, the Commission preliminarily concluded in the NPR that this provision is not consistent with the safe operation of ATVs and proposed maintaining in effect the 2017 version of Section 4.21. 
E. Effective Date 
The CPSA provides a timetable for the 
Commission to issue an NPR (within 
120 days of receiving notification of a revised ANSI/SVIA standard) and to issue a final rule (within 180 days of publication of the proposed rule), but it does not establish requirements for effective dates. When the Commission adopted the 2010 revision to the ANSI/ SVIA standard, it set an effective date of 60 days from publication of the final rule. 77 FR 12197. The Commission set that date after considering comments from several ATV companies to allow them additional time to update their certification labels. When the Commission adopted the 2017 revision to the ANSI/SVIA standard, it set an effective date of January 1, 2019, approximately 10 months after publication of the final rule, after considering SVIA’s comments about the time needed for manufacturers to make the required changes. 83 FR 8336 (Feb. 27, 2018). 
The ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 standard 
provides that the revised voluntary standard is effective beginning with the 2026 model year. However, it does not set a specific date. In the NPR, the Commission proposed a specific effective date of September 1, 2024. The proposed effective date was based on staff’s assessment of the time needed to comply with changes to the safety standard, the need for a date certain to facilitate industry planning, and that the proposed effective date was reasonably related to consumer safety. The proposed rule’s effective date also was based on staff’s assessment that many ATVs already meet some of the new requirements in ANSI/SVIA 1–2023, and the changes from the 2017 to the 2023 voluntary standard will not require significant redesign or testing, both of which facilitate timely compliance. 
The Commission preliminarily 
concluded in the NPR that its proposed effective date was reasonable, feasible, and adequate to protect consumer safety because: 
•All ATVs’ gasoline powered 
engines and associated components sold in the U.S. are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for exhaust and evaporative emissions, see 40 CFR 1051.515(d) (fuel tank 
permeation testing) which makes them exempt from having to test per ANSI/ SVIA 1–2023’s Section 13.5 Fuel Tank Cyclic Pressure Integrity Test. 
•The NPR’s proposed effective date 
would allow adequate time for resolution of supply chain issues, quality control issues, and any other issues that might arise. 
•The timeline in the Commission’s 
proposed rule incorporating by reference the SVIA 1–2023 standard was similar to the timeline for its rule incorporating by reference the SVIA 1– 2017 standard update. In June 2017, SVIA notified the Commission of the 2017 edition of the SVIA–1 standard. The final rule established an effective date of January 1, 2019, which was 18 months from start to finish (comparable to the NPR’s proposed interval). 
III. Response to Comments on the 
Proposed Rule 
The Commission received comments 
on the NPR from 11 commenters. Some comments are not relevant to any of the material changes in the ANSI/SVIA 1– 2023 standard, described above. Below, the Commission summarizes and 
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4Briefing Memorandum and Tab A of the Notice 
of Proposed Rule (NPR) to Amend the All-Terrain 
Vehicle (ATV) Standard, July 2023, available at: https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Federal-Register- Notice-Amendment-to-Standard-for-All-Terrain- Vehicles-Notice-of-Proposed-Rulemaking.pdf?VersionId=bcc3JxBvevwLkKnSHIeL90UVi4pIq3lB. responds to the significant issues in the 
relevant comments. 
A. Fuel Systems (Section 13 of ANSI/ 
SVIA 1–2023) 
Comment: Safety Research and 
Strategies (SRS) (commenter ID CPSC– 2017–0032–0041) and Consumer Federation of America (CFA) (commenter ID CPSC–2017–0032–0046) assert the fuel system performance requirements in Section 13 of ANSI/ SVIA 1–2023 are not effective because they do not reflect real-world scenarios in which fuel system components can 
be compromised, such as rollovers or collision events. 
Response: Section 13 of ANSI/SVIA 
1–2023 contains multiple new performance requirements to mitigate fuel leakage in various real-world scenarios, and therefore improves the safety of ATVs. The NPR Staff Briefing Package discusses the various subsections of Section 13 that will mitigate fire risks from fuel leaks.
4 
For example, to mitigate fuel hoses 
sliding off during operation, Section 13.10 requires fuel hoses to retain connection to a hose barb or other fuel fitting, such as a fuel rail nozzle, when subjected to a 30 lb. tensile (pull) test. This 30-lb pull test requirement would protect a fuel hose from sliding off in scenarios such as: engine vibrations; vegetation or other debris getting caught around a fuel hose; or due to an owner inadvertently pulling on a hose during inspection of the vehicle. 
To resist fuel tank cracking or other 
forms of fuel breach from the fuel tank, unprotected areas of fuel tanks are subjected to a new impact test per Section 13.7.1 of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023. An ATV manufacturer has two options for performing this test: (i) striking the fuel tank surface with a 2-inch diameter, 1.18 lb. sphere (e.g., chrome steel ball 
bearing) that is dropped from 1.3 meters (51 inches) after the sample fuel tank has been conditioned for 24 hours in a cold chamber set at 4 °F; or (ii) dropping 
a sample fuel tank filled with antifreeze from a height of 1.2 m (49 inches) onto a concrete surface (the SAE J288 snowmobile fuel tank test method) after the sample has been conditioned for five hours in a cold chamber set at ¥40 °F. 
Both test methods ensure that a fuel tank can withstand impact at approximately 11mph. These tests simulate real scenarios, as fuel tanks are subjected to temperature extremes and plastic fuel tanks may be susceptible to thermal expansion and contraction, which may lead to stress cracks and fuel leaks. Also, loose debris such as stones may strike unprotected areas of the fuel tanks. These test requirements accordingly will help ensure the structural integrity of ATV fuel tanks. 
Section 13.7.2 outlines a performance 
test that positions a fuel tank filled with water at a 90° angle from the horizontal. 
The fuel tank and its components, such as hoses and valves, are required to not have any leakage in order to pass this test. This test evaluates the potential fuel leakage scenarios of an ATV that has rolled over. 
Section 13.15 evaluates fuel leakage 
from a rollover vent valve. A test fuel tank filled with water is positioned upside down and the fuel tank is observed for leakage from the rollover vent valve. 
The Commission finds that the 
various performance tests of Section 13 of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 simulate real world scenarios and promote fuel systems’ structural integrity. Furthermore, the commenters have not recommended any alternative test methods that are improvements over the current Section 13 performance requirements. Thus, the final rule adopts Section 13 of ANSI/SVIA 1– 2023, without change, as part of the mandatory standard. 
B. Paper Owner’s Manuals (Section 4.21 
of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023) 
Comment: SVIA supports the 
voluntary standard’s treatment of electronic owner’s manuals as an alternative to paper owner’s manuals. Section 4.21 of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 states ‘‘[a]ll ATVs shall be provided with a manual in paper or electronic form at the time of delivery to the first purchaser.’’ SVIA supports electronic owner’s manuals because they offer the advantages of being keyword searchable and downloadable if the paper manual is lost. 
Conversely, SRS and CFA support 
maintaining owner’s manuals on paper as the default medium. In particular, CFA states: 
The default must be paper manuals. 
Anything less, including an electronic format 
only manual, is a serious reduction in [safety]. Considering the use of these vehicles—hunting, fishing, camping, trailing riding, and other outdoor recreation— consumers need access to paper manuals if they encounter issues where there is no internet or electronic devices are unavailable. 
Response: The Commission agrees 
with SRS and CFA that eliminating the 
requirement for paper manuals would lead to a reduction in safety. While 
SVIA advocates electronic owner’s manuals because they have the advantages of being keyword searchable and downloadable if the paper manual is lost, the key assumption—which may be incorrect—is that at the time an ATV owner is seeking safety-related information from the owner’s manual, the owner will have an electronic device and/or an internet connection to access the manual. As SRS points out, ‘‘ATVs, like other off-road vehicles, often travel to remote areas that may be beyond cellular phone service range or to an area without sufficient signal to download or open a manual.’’ 
The Commission accordingly 
determines that this revision in ANSI/ SVIA 1–2023 is not reasonably related to the safe performance of ATVs because it would reduce the safety of using ATVs. Consistent with the NPR, the Commission will retain the requirement for a paper owner’s manual, as stated in Section 4.21 of the ANSI/SVIA 1–2017. Manufacturers are free to supplement the paper manuals with electronic manuals to achieve the additional benefits identified by SVIA. 
C. Tire Pressure (Section 4.19 of ANSI/ 
SVIA 1–2023) 
Comment: SVIA supports adopting 
the 2023 revision’s removal of the 10 psi (69 kPa) maximum recommended tire pressure requirement on the basis that it ‘‘fails to reflect technological advancements in design of ATV suspension components.’’ SVIA asserts that ‘‘[l]ow-pressure tires were originally required on early ATVs as a basic means of vibration dampening because vehicles lacked more sophisticated suspension equipment’’ and are no longer required due to improved suspension systems. Conversely, CFA ‘‘suggests’’ rejecting ANSI/SVIA 1–2023’s removal of the 
maximum recommended tire pressure from Section 4.19 of the standard. CFA states that it ‘‘is concerned that removing the maximum recommended tire pressure of 69 kPa (10 psi) may not be safety neutral if manufacturers or users disregard warnings not to use ATVs on public roads and paved surfaces.’’ 
Response: The Commission agrees 
with SVIA that the evolution of more robust suspension systems for ATVs has addressed energy absorption during riding without the need to restrict tire pressures. Although CFA correctly identifies the hazard associated with misuse of ATVs on-road, it does not provide, nor is the Commission aware of, any evidence showing that use of ATVs on paved roads would be more 
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5Voluntary Standards Meeting with Recreational 
Off-Highway Institute (ROHVA), SVIA, and 
Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI) to discuss Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) Fire and Debris Penetration Hazards, September 19, 2018. Weblink to Meeting Log: https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/ 2018-09-19%20Voluntary%20Standards% 
20Meeting%20on%20Off-Highway%20Vehicles.pdf?GhlbD87TF1W8m6F9B10g2CpZTCNzSrjP. hazardous with higher recommended 
tire pressures. Further, as SVIA points out, removing the maximum tire pressure limitation would allow innovations in ATV tires and suspension systems that could lead to improvements in vehicle safety. For this reason, the Commission concludes on the record currently before us that the change allowing manufacturers to set the optimum tire inflation pressures for each ATV model will not reduce safety and is reasonably related to the safe operation of an ATV. Thus, the Commission adopts Section 4.19 of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 in the final rule without any change. 
D. The Effective Date of the Final Rule 
Comment: SVIA objects to the NPR’s 
proposed effective date of September 1, 
2024, noting that Section 1 Scope of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 states that the voluntary standard becomes effective beginning with Model Year 2026. SVIA states that the product development cycle for ATVs is two or more years to design and develop new models. SVIA contends that model year designations are typical in the ATV industry and other vehicle industries. SVIA states that EPA emissions requirements are based on model year. SVIA advocates that if the Commission’s final rule substitutes a specific calendar date for the model year effective date contained in the SVIA voluntary standard, the date should be no earlier than September 30, 2025, to account for the variations in the model year production cycles of affected ATV manufacturers. 
Response: Manufacturers have 
varying schedules for manufacturing, importing, and distributing vehicles of the same model year, making CPSC enforcement of a rule based on a model year—without a specific effective date— impractical. For compliance and enforcement purposes, and for clarity 
for industry and consumers alike, the final rule provides a specific effective date for the safety improvements in the 2023 standard revision. Indeed, for CPSC rules the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) requires a specific 
effective date. See 1 CFR 18.17(a) (‘‘Each 
document submitted for publication in the Federal Register that includes an 
effective date or time period should either set forth a date certain or a time period measured by a certain number of days after publication in the Federal Register.’’). 
In June 2017, SVIA notified the 
Commission of publication of the 2017 edition of the ANSI/SVIA 1 standard. The final rule established an effective date of January 1, 2019, which was 18 months from notification by SVIA to the effective date. That revision included 
significant changes to the ANSI/SVIA 1 standard, including new requirements for stop lamps or combination tail-stop lamps on specified ATVs as well as reflector requirements for all ATVs. Nothing in SVIA’s comments or elsewhere in the record suggests that manufacturers had difficulty complying with the 2017 revision on that timeline. Compared to the Commission’s successfully implemented rule adopting the 2017 revision, the January 1, 2025, effective date for this rule provides manufacturers more time to comply: The period from SVIA’s notification of the revision to the effective date is longer; the period from publication of the NPR to the effective date is longer; and the period from publication of this final rule to the effective date is longer. 
The ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 standard was 
developed by SVIA member companies, an ATV test laboratory, a consumer advocacy group, individual ATV users, and U.S. and Canadian Government agencies through a consensus process. The consensus process started in September 2018 and ended in March 2023.
5Thus, SVIA canvass members 
have been aware of the requirements in the 2023 edition of the ANSI/SVIA 1 standard since March 2023 at the latest. 
Nevertheless, the Commission takes 
SVIA’s point that model year cycles are relevant to the industry. Accordingly, to align with the successful implementation of the 2017 revision, the September 1, 2024, effective date in the NPR will be extended to January 1, 2025. This makes the rule effective on the first of the calendar year. Just as with the 2017 revision, the rule will take effect at exactly the same time in the model year. 
The particulars of the 2023 standard 
revision provide CPSC additional confidence that the January 1, 2025, date can be met. Because ATVs’ gasoline engines and associated components sold in the U.S. are regulated by the EPA for exhaust and evaporative emissions, they will be exempt from the Fuel Tank Cyclic Pressure Integrity Test per Section 13.5 of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023. In addition, due to existing EPA regulations, most ATV manufacturers will already satisfy some of the new criteria of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 with no additional effort. Further, nearly all the fuel system 
performance requirements in Section 13 of the ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 are one-time proof of design qualification verification tests that do not burden manufacturers with production line testing of every fuel system component or fuel system assembly. There are only a few tests, such as the water immersion fuel tank leakage test in Section 13.3, that require every fuel tank to be tested. 
Finally, similar fuel system 
requirements for other off-highway vehicle voluntary standards have had effective dates as short as 12 months after publication of the voluntary standard. For example, the 2012 edition of the golf car standard, ANSI/ILTVA (International Light Transportation Vehicle Association) Z130.1–2012, had an effective date of one year after publication of the voluntary standard. Section 11.3.5 of that standard includes the same rollover vent leakage test as Section 13.15 of the ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 standard. The history of industry compliance with the 12-month effective date for ANSI/ILTVA Z130.1–2012 supports the feasibility of the final rule‘s timeframe. 
For all these reasons, and having 
considered the comments as discussed above, the final rule establishes an effective date of January 1, 2025. This date balances the commenter’s pragmatic concerns against the safety benefit of updating the mandatory standard to protect consumers from harm. 
E. Other, Out of Scope, Comments 
Comment: CFA recommends that 
ATVs be equipped with seat belts and 
roll cages to aid in protecting the ATV rider. CFA asserts that speed limiting devices can be defeated by children and that there are high failure rates associated with such devices. CFA commented that Type I ATVs with longer seats may encourage a passenger to ride with an ATV driver, although there are warnings to discourage passengers and to alert consumers that these Type I ATVs are not designed for use with a passenger in addition to a driver. Type II ATVs are intended for passengers; however, CFA expresses the opinion that Type II ATVs should not allow a passenger to ride with an ATV driver. 
Mariam Grace (commenter ID CPSC– 
2017–0032–0040) recommends that to ensure safe operation of ATVs, the Commission should set minimum age requirements for their use and require extensive training for the safe operation of ATVs. The Toy Association (commenter ID CPSC–2017–0032–0043) notes that the definition of a ‘‘youth 
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ATV’’ in ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 may 
overlap in some instances with the definition of a ‘‘ride on toy’’ in ASTM 963 Toy Standard. The Toy Association expresses concern that if a toy within the scope of ASTM F963 has been mis- identified as falling under the scope of a youth ATV per 16 CFR part 1420 and ANSI/SVIA 1, the toy manufacturer is faced with an impossible situation whereby compliance with these (non- toy) requirements results in the mandate for an ‘‘ATV Action Plan’’ to be generated and filed with the Commission, and instructional material will be required to state ‘‘this is not a toy’’ in contradiction of the design and stated intent of the product, and despite the requirement to comply with the mandatory toy standard under 16 CFR part 1250. 
Response: The Commission welcomes 
dialogue on the above issues and their discussion in future SVIA voluntary standards meetings. However, these comments are not related to the changes made in ANSI/SVIA 1–2023. The 2023 version of the SVIA 1 standard does not change the sections and definitions described by these commenters. 
IV. Description of the Final Rule 
The final rule revises 16 CFR 
1420.3(a), ‘‘Requirements for four-wheel 
ATVs,’’ to incorporate by reference the ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 standard, instead of the ANSI/SVIA 1–2017 standard. ANSI/ SVIA 1–2023 contains requirements and test methods relating to ATVs, including vehicle equipment and configuration, vehicle speed capability, brake performance, pitch stability, electromagnetic compatibility, sound level limits, hot surfaces, and fuel systems. Revisions incorporated into ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 are described in section II of this preamble. The final rule, however, maintains the requirement for paper manuals in ANSI/ SVIA 1–2017. 
V. Effective Date 
The Commission has set an effective 
date of January 1, 2025, requiring that 
all ATVs manufactured on or after January 1, 2025, must comply with the final rule. 
VI. Regulatory Flexibility Act 
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 
generally requires that agencies review 
a proposed rule for its potential economic impact on small entities, including small businesses. The NPR explained that the most significant changes in the 2023 revision of the voluntary standard involve requirements for fuel systems and hot surfaces and CPSC’s analysis is that many ATVs already comply with some of these requirements, and therefore the primary cost to manufacturers would be the costs of one-time design qualification tests and production part testing. Because, however, none of the 14 domestic ATV manufacturers the Commission identified meet Small Business Association (SBA) criteria to be considered a small business, CPSC preliminarily assessed that the proposed rule would not have a significant adverse economic impact on any domestic small ATV manufacturers. CPSC further assessed that foreign manufacturers are unlikely to exit the ATV market and are likely to issue General Certificates of Conformity (GCCs), such that the rule would not have a significant, adverse economic impact on ATV importers. 88 FR 48398, 48401–02. The Commission requested comments with data supporting or refuting whether there are ATV manufacturers that may meet the SBA criteria to be considered small businesses. 
No commenter identifies any ATV 
manufacturer that may meet the SBA criteria to be considered a small business. The Commission also did not receive any comments addressing whether the proposed rule will have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Accordingly, consistent with the NPR, the Commission certifies that the final rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
VII. Paperwork Reduction Act 
This rule contains no new 
information collection requirements. 
Accordingly, this rule is not subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA; 44 U.S.C. 3501–3521). The Commission did not receive any comments on the PRA burden estimate included in the NPR; therefore, in this final rule, the Commission presents its analysis of its PRA burden included in the NPR, which remains the same, with only minor corrections to the calculations for information purposes. Other CPSC rulemaking, using different sets of assumptions, generate estimates in the same range. The Commission did not receive any comments on the PRA burden estimate included in the NPR. 
The rule amends the ATV standard to 
mandate industry compliance with ANSI/SVIA 1–2023. The standard’s requirements include provisions that fall within the definition of ‘‘collection of information,’’ as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3). Under the PRA, an agency must publish the following information for a collection of information: 
•title; 
•summary; 
•brief description of the need for the 
information and the use of the information; 
•description of the likely 
respondents and frequency of response to the collection of information; 
•estimate of the burden that shall 
result from the collection of information; and 
•notice that comments may be 
submitted to the Office of Budget Management (OMB). 
This information appears below. 
Title: Standard for All-Terrain 
Vehicles. 
Summary and Description: The rule 
amends the ATV standard to mandate 
industry compliance with ANSI/SVIA 1–2023, American National Standard for Four-Wheel ATVs. The rule requires ATVs to comply with ANSI/SVIA 1– 2023, including certification testing in support of GCCs required by section 14 of the CPSA. GCCs must comply with 16 CFR part 1110 concerning the content of the GCC, retention of the associated records, and other applicable requirements. The preparation of the GCC falls within the definition of ‘‘collection of information’’ as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3). Requirements of the 2023 revision that are unchanged from the previous version of the standard, ANSI/SVIA 1–2017, such as labels, hang tags, and instruction manuals, are not included in this PRA analysis. 
Description of Respondents: Entities 
which manufacture or import ATVs. 
Estimated Burden: We estimate the 
total burden of this collection of information is 441 hours and $16,229. Table 2, below, summarizes our estimation of annual reporting burden hours and cost. 
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6U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Table 4. 
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for 
private industry workers by occupational and industry group,’’ updated March 17, 2023, Table 4. Private industry workers by occupational and industry group—2022 Q04 Results (bls.gov). 7Power Products Marketing, 
USATVDBAdultYouth′94--′20--CPSC and Non-MIC ATV Database ′20—CPSC databases, Prairie Eden, MN, 2021. TABLE 2—E STIMATED ANNUAL REPORTING BURDEN  
[Some numbers adjusted due to rounding] 
Burden type Number of 
respondents Frequency of 
responses Total annual 
responses Hours per 
response Total burden 
hours Annual cost 
Labor Burden: 
GCC Preparation .............................. 38 1 38 1.5 57 $2,098 
One-Time Design Qualification Test-
ing Recordkeeping ........................ 25 1.9 48 8 382 $14,072 
Total Burden .............................. ........................ ........................ ........................ ............. ........... 439 $16,170 
Comments: In the NPR (88 FR 48398), 
pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3506(C)(2)(A), the 
Commission invited comments on the Commission’s assessment of the burden of these information collection 
requirements. 
PRA Burden Estimation 
This section describes the 
development of staff’s burden estimates 
summarized in Table 2, above. 
GCC Preparation 
Section 14 of the CPSA requires 
manufacturers and importers of ATVs to 
prepare GCCs. Based on current ATV action plans filed with CPSC, there are 38 entities that supply, or intend to supply, ATVs to the U.S. market. Staff found evidence of ATV sales activity, in the form of actual sales or advertisement for sale, for only 32 of the 38 entities. Nevertheless, taking a conservative approach, staff assumed that all 38 entities (both manufacturers and importers) are currently supplying ATVs to the U.S. market and used this number to estimate the burden hours and annual cost associated with GCCs. ATV manufacturers typically produce one GCC that covers all the models of a model year, which implies the number of PRA responses is one per entity, per year. Staff estimates the time required to produce this GCC is about 1.5 person hours per year. Therefore, the estimated burden associated with GCCs is 57 person hours (38 entities × 1 GCC per 
year × 1.5 hours per GCC = 57 person 
hours). To generate the estimated annual cost to industry associated with GCCs, staff multiplied the estimated number of burden hours by $36.80, the total hourly compensation for sales and office workers in goods-producing private industries.
6Therefore, the 
estimated annual cost to industry associated with preparation of the GCCs is approximately $2,098 ($36.80 per 
hour × 57 hours = $2,097.60). 
Recordkeeping Supporting GCC Preparation 
In the event a foreign manufacturer 
chooses not to conduct required certification testing and/or provide documentation to support preparation of the GCC, its importer could choose to conduct its own certification testing. However, staff considers this scenario unlikely, and for several of the importers, cost prohibitive. Therefore, staff assumes entities conducting certification testing and associated recordkeeping are limited to ATV manufacturers. Based on 2020 sales data,
7there were 25 known U.S and 
foreign manufacturers supplying as many as 239 new and old ATV models and 420,730 ATVs to the U.S. market. 
Staff estimates the average life cycle 
of an ATV model is approximately five 
years, which implies each manufacturer will conduct one-time design qualification testing on approximately 1.9 models per year (239 models ÷ 25 
entities ÷ 5 years = 1.912, or about 1.9 
models per entity per year). Staff estimates the time required to create and maintain certification records to be approximately eight person hours per model. Therefore, the estimated labor burden associated with certification testing recordkeeping is approximately 382 person hours (25 entities × 1.912 
ATV models per year × 8 person hours 
per model = 382.4 person hours). As above, staff multiplied the estimated number of burden hours by $36.80, the total hourly compensation for sales and office workers in goods-producing private industries. The estimated annual cost to industry associated with certification testing recordkeeping is approximately $14,072 ($36.80 per person hour × 382.34 person hours = 
$14,072.32). Summary of Burden Hours and Cost 
Based on this analysis, the final rule 
would impose an annual burden to 
industry of approximately 439 hours per 
year (57 for preparation of the GCC and 382.4 hours for recordkeeping associated with the certification tests upon which the GCCs are based). The estimated annual cost is approximately $16,170 ($2,097.6 and $14,072.32 for GCC preparation and certification testing recordkeeping, respectively). 
The above estimates are a 
conservative estimate of the average annual burden to ATV entities. The rule requires all ATVs manufactured on or after January 1, 2025, to comply with ANSI/SVIA 1–2023. Therefore, in the first year following promulgation of the rule, existing entities may be required to redesign and test more than the estimated average 48 models per year and incur higher costs than the estimates in this PRA analysis. In subsequent years, costs could be less, as a fewer number of ATV models will require design updates. 
As stated above, CPSC did not receive 
any comments on the PRA burden estimate. CPSC has submitted the information collection requirements of this final rule to OMB for review in accordance with PRA requirements. 44 U.S.C. 3507(d). 
VIII. Environmental Considerations 
The Commission’s regulations 
provide a categorical exemption for the 
Commission’s rules from any requirement to prepare an environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement as they ‘‘have little or no potential for affecting the human environment.’’ 16 CFR 1021.5(c)(1). This amendment falls within the categorical exemption. 
IX. Incorporation by Reference 
The OFR has regulations concerning 
incorporation by reference. 1 CFR part 
51. For a final rule, agencies must discuss in the preamble to the rule ways that the materials the agency incorporates by reference are reasonably available to interested persons and how 
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interested parties can obtain the 
materials. In addition, the preamble to the final rule must summarize the material. 1 CFR 51.5(b). 
In accordance with the OFR’s 
requirements, this preamble summarizes the provisions of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023, American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles, ANSI- 
approved March 17, 2023, that the Commission is incorporating by reference. ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 is copyrighted. Interested people may purchase a copy of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 from Specialty Vehicle Institute of America, 2 Jenner, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92618–3806; telephone: 949–727–3727 ext. 3023; www.svia.org. In addition, a 
read-only copy of the standard is available for viewing on the SVIA website at https://svia.org/ansi-svia-1- 2023/. A copy of the standard is also 
available for inspection at the Office of the Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone: (301) 504–7479, email: cpsc- os@cpsc.gov. 
X. Preemption 
Section 26(a) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 
2075(a), provides that when a consumer 
product safety standard is in effect and applies to a product, no state or political subdivision of a state may either establish or continue in effect a standard or regulation that prescribes requirements for the performance, composition, contents, design, finish, construction, packaging, or labeling of such product dealing with the same risk of injury unless the state requirement is identical to the Federal standard. Section 26(c) of the CPSA also provides that states or political subdivisions of states may apply to the Commission for an exemption from this preemption under certain circumstances. Section 42 of the CPSA establishes that the rules to be issued for ATVs under that section are ‘‘consumer product safety standards.’’ Therefore, the preemption provision of section 26(a) of the CPSA applies to this final rule. 
XI. Notice of Requirements 
The CPSA establishes requirements 
for product certification and testing. 
Certification of children’s products subject to a children’s product safety rule must be based on testing conducted by a CPSC-accepted third-party conformity assessment body. 15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(2). The Commission is required to publish a notice of requirements 
(NOR) for the accreditation of third- party conformity assessment bodies to assess conformity with any children’s product safety rule to which a children’s product is subject. Id. 2063(a)(3). In 
2010, the Commission published an NOR for accreditation of third-party conformity assessment bodies for testing ATVs designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger. 75 FR 52616 (Aug. 27, 2010). Because 
the revisions the 2023 revisions to the SVIA 1 standard do not substantially alter third-party conformance testing requirements for ATVs designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger, the current NOR for third-party testing of youth ATVs will remain unchanged. Thus, the existing accreditations that the Commission has accepted for testing to the 2017 ATV standard will also cover testing of children’s products to the revised ATV standard. 
XII. Congressional Review Act 
The Congressional Review Act (CRA; 
5 U.S.C. 801–808) states that, before a 
rule may take effect, the agency issuing the rule must submit the rule, and certain related information, to each House of Congress and the Comptroller General. 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1). The submission must indicate whether the rule is a ‘‘major rule.’’ The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) determines whether a rule qualifies as a ‘‘major rule.’’ 5 U.S.C. 804(2). Pursuant to the CRA, OIRA determined that this rule is not a major rule. To comply with the CRA, CPSC will submit the required information to each House of Congress and the Comptroller General. 
List of Subjects in 16 CFR Part 1420 
Consumer protection, Imports, 
Incorporation by reference, Infants and 
children, Information, Labeling, Law enforcement, Recreation and recreation areas, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Safety. 
For the reasons stated in the 
preamble, the Commission amends part 1420 of title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows: 
PART 1420—REQUIREMENTS FOR 
ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES 
■1. The authority citation for part 1420 
is revised to read as follows: 
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2089. ■2. Revise § 1420.1 to read as follows: 
§ 1420.1 Scope and application. 
This part, a consumer product safety 
standard, prescribes requirements for all-terrain vehicles. 
■3. Amend § 1420.3 by revising 
paragraph (a) to read as follows: 
§ 1420.1 Requirements for four-wheel 
ATV’s. 
(a) Each new assembled or 
unassembled ATV manufactured before 
January 1, 2025, shall comply with all applicable provisions of the American National Standard for Four-Wheel All- Terrain Vehicles (ANSI/SVIA 1–2017), ANSI-approved on June 8, 2017. Each new assembled or unassembled ATV manufactured on or after January 1, 2025, shall comply with all applicable provisions of the American National Standard for Four-Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles ANSI-approved on March 17, 2023 (ANSI/SVIA 1–2023), with the exception of Section 4.21 Owner’s Manual, as to which it shall continue to comply with the ANSI/SVIA 1–2017 standard. ANSI/SVIA 1–2017 and ANSI/ SVIA 1–2023 are incorporated by reference into this section with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. This material is available for inspection at the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission at: Office of the Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone: (301) 504–7479. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, email: fr.inspection@nara.gov, or go to: 
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ ibr-locations.html. The material may be 
obtained from the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America, 2 Jenner, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92618–3806; telephone: 949– 727–3727; www.svia.org. In addition, a 
read-only copy of ANSI/SVIA 1–2023 is available for viewing on the SVIA website at https://svia.org/ansi-svia-1- 2023/. 
* * * * * 
Alberta E. Mills, 
Secretary, Consumer Product Safety 
Commission. 
[FR Doc. 2024–01309 Filed 1–22–24; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 6355–01–P 
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