G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
6 July 2020  
(20-4652) Page: 1/26 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original: English/French  
 
 
STATE TRADING  
NEW AND FULL NOTIFIC ATION PURSUANT TO AR TICLE XVII:4(A) OF T HE  
GATT 1994 AND PARAGR APH 1 OF THE UNDERST ANDING ON  
THE INTERPRETATION O F ARTICLE  XVII 
CANADA  
The following communication, dated 1 July 2020, is being circulated at the request of the delegation 
of Canada.  
 
_______________  
 
 
Pursuant to the provisions of Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and paragraph  1 of the 
Understanding on the Interpretation of Article  XVII, Canada submits herewith its no tification 
concerning state trading enterprises. This notification covers the Canadian Dairy Commission, the 
Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation and the Provincial and Territorial Liquor Control Authorities 
for the period covering 201 7/2018 to 201 8/2019. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
Canadian Dairy Commission (CDC).  
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in 
product description)  
04.05  Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk; dairy spreads.  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The statutory objectives of the CDC are to provide efficient Canadian producers of milk and cream 
with the opportunity of obtaining a fair return for their labour and investment, and to provide 
consumers of dairy products with a continuous and adequate supply of dairy products of high quality.  
B. Summary o f legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
Imports of butter are subject to control as items listed on the Import Control List under the au thority 
of the Export and Import Permits Act . Global Affairs Canada (formerly the Department of Foreign 
Affairs and International Trade) is responsible for the administration of the Import Control List. 
Information respecting the importation of butter may be obtained at the website of Global Affairs 
Canada, http://www.international.gc.ca/controls -controles/index.aspx?view=d . 
Under the import regime in place until 1 August 19 95, the CDC had exclusive or special privileges 
with respect to butter imports. Butter was on the Import Control List under the Export and Import 
Permits Act , with no existing quota provided for imports on a regular basis. Import permits were 
issued on occ asion when the CDC determined that imports were necessary to relieve a temporary 
market shortage. By historical practice, when butter imports were allowed, the C DC acted as 
importer of record.  
Since the implementation of the tariff rate quota (TRQ) for but ter on 1 August 1995, import permits 
for the butter TRQ have been allocated to the CDC annually with the proviso that these imports be 
directed to the further processing sector.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summar y statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The CDC is a government -owned corporation which advises the Minister of Agriculture and Agri -Food 
on matters relating to dairy policy. In carrying out its mandate, the CDC chairs and supports the 
work of the Canadian Milk Supply Management Committee (CMSMC). Its work includes providing 
the technical support necessary for the operation of Canada's milk supply management system, 
administering revenue pooling agreements on behalf of t he industry, purchasing and storing dairy 
products for use in times of low milk production, establishing the target price for industrial milk, the 
assumed processor margin and the support prices for butter and skim milk powder, as well as 
administering oth er marketing programmes.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
Since the implementation of the tariff rate quota (TRQ) for butter on 1 August 1995, import permits 
for the butter TRQ have been allocated by the Trade Controls Bureau (TCB) of Global Affairs Canada 
(formerly the Export and Import Controls Bureau) to the CDC annually with the proviso that these 
imports be directed to the further processing sector.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  C. Type of entities other than  the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
The CDC is not the sole importer of butter. Certain niche markets with specific requirements are 
supplied through specific import permits i ssued by the TCB. The allocation of import permits for 
other dairy products subject to TRQs is administered by TCB under the authority of the Export and 
Import Controls Act  (information respecting the importation of dairy products may be obtained from 
the website of Global Affairs Canada, http://www.international.gc.ca/controls -
controles/index.aspx?view=d ). 
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading ent erprise  
Pursuant to Canada's Uruguay Round market access commitments, a butter TRQ was established 
and implemented on 1 August 1995. To date, the CDC has acted as the first receiver of these imports, 
under permits issued by the TCB.  
E. How export prices a re determined  
The CDC, in any export sale, receives prices resulting from normal commercial negotiations based 
on market conditions.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The CDC, in its sales of imported butter, prices this butter based on market conditions and takes 
into account  prices for butter in further processing uses.  
G. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
Not applicable.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
The major participants in the Canadian dairy industry are dairy producers and dairy processors. 
In 2019, dairy producers operated approximately 10,371 farms in Canada. Virtually all of these  
farms produce milk for two markets: the fluid market (table milk and cream) and the industrial 
market (manufactured dairy products such as butter, cheese, yogurt and ic e cream). Dairy 
processors include dairies that process raw milk for fluid consumption or industrial use, and further 
processors who use dairy ingredients and products as inputs for other finished goods.  
The marketing of fluid milk is regulated at the prov incial level by producers through provincial milk 
marketing boards. Industrial milk production and management is governed by a federal/provincial 
agreement called the National Milk Marketing Plan  overseen by the CMSMC. This committee, chaired 
by the CDC, i s comprised of producer and government representatives from all provinces. 
Representatives of national producer, processor, and consumer organizations participate as 
non-voting members. Each year, the CMSMC sets a national industrial milk production target  taking 
into consideration: stocks of dairy products,  anticipated imports, planned exports,  and domestic 
demand for industrial milk in the coming year. This target is monitored regularly and adjusted  
monthly . Quota  is distributed among the provinces accord ing to the terms of the National Milk 
Marketing Plan , and allocated by each province to its producers according to its own policies. The 
share of the quota  that each dairy producer receives sets the limit on the amount of milk production 
that is eligible f or sale.  
Imports of dairy products are subject to control as items listed on the Import Control List  under the 
authority of the Export and Import Permits Act . In keeping with Article 4 of the WTO Agreement on 
Agriculture , Canada established market access c ommitments in the form of TRQs for fluid milk, 
specialty creams, condensed milk/cream, yogurt, powdered buttermilk, dry whey, other products of 
milk constituents, butter, cheese, other dairy preparations and ice cream. Global Affairs Canada is 
responsible for administering these TRQs.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  IV. STATISTICAL INFO RMATION  
See attached Tables  I - III. 
V.  REASON WHY NO FO REIGN TRADE HAS TAKE N PLACE (AS APPROPRIATE)  
Not applicable.  
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (AS APPROPRIATE)  
Not applicable.   
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 5 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: CANAD IAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of 
product  Year Total  quantity  
imported1 Quantity 
imported by 
state trading 
enterprise  Average 
import price  Average representative 
domestic sales price2 Mark -up National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Butter and Other Fats 
and Oils Derived from 
Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  CAD/kg  CAD/kg  … >000 kg  
2017-2018 18,130 3,267 8.06 8.41 … 117,547 
2018-2019 22,065 3,262 6.61 7.12 … 110,549 
Notes:   "…"  indicates not applicable.  
1. Total quantity imported includes supplementary imports, including products imported for further processing and re -export under the Import for Re -
Export Program.  
2. Comprises the average representative domestic sales price for imported butter.  
Sources:  Column 2: Statistics Canada.  
Columns 3, 4, 5: Canadian Dairy Commission.  
Column 7: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is included).  
   
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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STATE TRADING: CANAD IAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of product  Year Total quantity 
exported  Quantity 
exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price1 Average 
export price  National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Butter and Other Fats and 
Oils Derived from Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  CAD/kg  CAD/kg CAD/kg  >000 kg  
2017-2018 1,644 50 4.55 10.57 5.57 117,547 
2018-2019 1,944 150 4.55 10.74 5.57 110,549 
Notes:   "…" indicates not applicable.  
  1.  Comprises the average representative domestic retail sales price.  
Sources:  Column 2: Statistics Canada.  
Columns 3, 4, 6: Canadian Dairy Commission.  
Column 5: Statistics Canada, Table 326 -0012 - Average retail prices for food  and other selected items, monthly (Canadian dollars).  
Column 7: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is included).  
   
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 7 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: CANAD IAN DAIRY COMMISSION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of product  Year Domestic purchases  
by state trading 
enterprise1 National production  Domestic sales by  
state trading  
enterprise  National  Consumption2 
1  2 3 4 5 
Butter and Other Fats and 
Oils Derived from Milk 04.05  August -July >000 kg  >000 kg  >000 kg  >000 kg  
2017-2018 38,353  117,547 30,696 118,802 
2018-2019 33,500  110,549 36,661 126,907 
Notes:  1. Domestic purchases by state trading enterprise are comprised of CDC Plan A and Plan B purchases.  
2. National consumption is represented by domestic disappearance calculated as the sum of net stoc ks, production and imports, minus  exports. Domestic 
disappearance represents the amount of a commodity that is available for all uses in Canada. It does not represent total supp lies of a commodity 
actually consumed by individuals.  
Sources:  Columns 2, 4: Canadian Dairy Commission.  
Column 3: Statistics Canada, Table 003 -0009 - Production of selected butter products, monthly (production of creamery butter and whey butter is included).  
Column 5: Statistic s Canada, Table 003 -0007 - Supply and disposition of milk products in Canada, monthly (whey butter net stocks and production are not 
included) .G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation.  
II. REASONS AND PURPOSE FOR INTRODUCING AND MAINTAINING THE ENTERPRISE  
The Canadian Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation (FFMC) was established in 1969 for the purpose 
of trading in and marketing freshwater fish and fish products and by -products. As  provided under 
the Freshwater Fish Marketing Act , and pursuant to bilateral agreements between the Government 
of Canada and the governments of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and the Northwest 
Territories, the FFMC has the exclusive right in the inter -provincial /territorial  and export trade to 
market and trade in fish and fish products from the freshwater commercial fisheries of those 
provinces and territori es. Ontario (effective 30  March  2010) , Saskatchewan (effective 1  April 2012) 
and Manitoba (effective 1 December 2017) have left the FFMC arrangement and deregulated their 
commercial freshwater fish markets. This notification will use the term "agreement areas" to denote 
areas within Canada covered by these agreements.  
On 14  June 1995, the government announced the in troduction of measures allowing fisher s in the 
agreement areas to sell their catch of certain under -utilized species through alternative channels if 
they so desire. The FFMC remains responsible for the inter -provincial /territorial  and export marketing 
of the main commercial species from the agreement areas.  
The objectives of the FFMC are: to market freshwater fish and fish products sourced in agreement 
areas in an orderly manner; to increase returns to fisher s; and to promote international markets for, 
and increase inter -provincial /territorial  and export trade in, freshwater fish and fish products. The 
FFMC is required by statute to operate on a self -sustaining basis. It has been profitable since  1973 
(with the exception of 2004 and 2009) with annual revenue  which has ranged between 
Can$40  million and Can$ 75 million since 1990.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ENTERPRISE  
Whether the enterprise deals with exports or with impo rts or both.  
The FFMC is concerned with the orderly marketing of freshwater fish sourced in the agreement areas 
in the inter -provincial /territorial  trade and in export markets. The FFMC does not deal with, govern 
or handle imports.  
Whether private traders are allowed to import or export and, if so, on what conditions.  
Whether ther e is free competition between private traders and the enterprise.  
The FFMC has the exclusive right to market fish from the agreement areas in inter -provincial and 
export trade. The Corporation competes with the private trade in marketing such fish in domes tic 
and export markets. With respect to fish sourced from areas of Canada outside the agreement areas, 
the FFMC does not control or govern private traders' activities – including their exports and domestic 
sales. In all parts of the domestic market, privat e traders are free to market freshwater fish sourced 
from Canadian "non -agreement areas" or from imports.  
The criteria used for determining the quantities to be exported and imported.  
The FFMC sells fish for export as determined by commercial considerations such as price, quality, 
availability, marketability and transportation.  
How export prices are determined. How the markup on imported products is determined.How  
export prices and resale prices of imports compare with domestic prices.  
The FFMC  determines exports prices in line with prevailing market circumstances in light of its 
legislated requirements to maximize returns to fishermen and operate on a self -sustaining basis.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the enterprise. Whether t he enterprise is used 
to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the Government.  
Not applicable.  
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
See attached Tables  I – III. 
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE (IF THIS IS THE CASE) IN 
PRODUCTS AFFECTED  
The Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation is not involved in the importation of freshwater fish.  
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION   
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 10 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: FRESHWATER FISH MARK ETING CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of product  Year Total  quantity  
imported  Quantity imported  
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
import price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  Mark -up National 
production  
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 
0303, 0304 and 0305   FFMC is not involved in imports  
   
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 11 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: FRESH WATER FISH MARKETING  CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of product  Year Total 
quantity 
exported1 Quantity exported 
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement 
price2 Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  Average export 
price  National 
production3 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 
0303, 0304 and 0305  May-April (000's lbs)  (000's lbs)  C$ per pound  C$ per pound  C$ per pound  - 
2017-2018 30,546  16,062  1.29 2.74 3.94 - 
2018-2019 29,247  15,882  1.36 2.61 4.27 - 
Notes:  1. Total Quantity Exported is the total exports of freshwater fish products for the HS codes that include the products marketed by the FFMC. Other 
saltwater fish and other freshwater items from Chapter 03 not marketed by the FFMC are captured in the quantity.  
2. Average Procurement Price does not include final payment (net income eac h year) distributed to fishers.  
3. Statistics on national production of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
Sources:  Column 2: Department of Fisheries and Oceans (20 20), EXIM [Database], Ottawa (accessed June 2 2, 2020). Adapted from Statistics Canada, International 
Trade Data. This does not constitute an endorsement  by Statistics Canada of this product.  
Columns 3, 5, 6: FFMC Sales Report.  
Column 4: FFMC Fish Purchase Analysi s. 
   
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 12 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: FRESH WATER FISH MARKETING  CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of  product  Year Domestic purchases  by 
state trading enterprise  National  Production1 Domestic sales by  state 
trading  enterprise  National 
Consumption2 
1  2 3 4 5 
Freshwater Fish  
Within HS Codes 0302, 0303, 
0304 and 0305  May-April (000's lbs)   (000's lbs)   
2017-2018 24,351  - 3,746  - 
2018-2019 23,591  - 3,746  - 
Notes:   1. Statistics on national production of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
2. Statistics on national consumption of freshwater f ish products are not collected.  
Sources:  Column 2: Deliveries report to Transcona processing plant.  
Column 4: FFMC Sales Analysis Report.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
Provincial and Territorial Liquor Control Authorities.  
B. Description of products  affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in 
product description)  
2203.00  Beer from malt.  
2204.00  Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than that of 
heading  20.09.  
2205.00  Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes flavoured with plants or aromatic substances.  
2206.00  Other fermented beverages (for example, cider, perry, mead); mixtures of fermented 
beverages and mixtures of fermented beverages and non -alcoholic beverages, not 
elsewhere specified or included.  
2208.00  Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 80% vol; 
spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.  
II. REASONS AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
In Canada, the importation of and inter -provincial/territorial trade in alcoholic beverages is governed 
by the federal Importation of Intoxicating Liquors Act  (IILA). The objective of the IILA relates to the 
control of the consumption of alcoholic beverage s in Canada for the purpose of protecting public 
health and morals.  
B. Summary of legal basis for gaining the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The IILA provides  the provinces and territories, within their respective jurisdiction s, with control over 
the sale of intoxicating liquor, and over the importation . The provinces and territories have delegated 
this activity to the provincial/territorial liquor control auth orities.  
As well, under the IILA, an exception exists for persons licensed by the Government of Canada under 
the Excise Act  to carry on the business or trade of a distiller or brewer where the intoxicating liquor 
is imported solely for the purpose of being  used for blending with or flavouring the products of the 
business or trade of that person.  
In 2019, the IILA was amended to remove  all remaining federal barriers to interprovincial trade of 
alcohol and permit direct -to-consumer shipping of alcohol across provincial borders to the extent 
that the receiving province also permits such transactions.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The prov incial and territorial liquor control authorities deal with the importation and sale of alcoholic 
beverages within their respective jurisdictions. Exportation of alcoholic beverages is a private matter 
of beverage manufacturers.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  B. Specification of exclusi ve or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
The IILA provides the provincial/territorial liquor control authorities with the delegated authority to 
import alcoholic beverages in Canada.  
C. Types of entities other than state t rading enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private traders are allowed to import if they are licensed by the Government of Canada under the 
Excise Act  to carry on the business or trade of a dis tiller or brewer where  the intoxicating liquor is 
imported for the purpose of being used for blending with or flavouring the products of the business 
or trade of that person. Alcoholic beverages may be sold through stores operated by the 
provincial/territo rial liquor control authority or through authorized private retailers or a combination 
of both.  
The private trade determines its own criteria pertaining to exports.  
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
Provincial and territorial liquor control authorities purchase or permit the purchase of alcoholic 
beverages in line with market needs as related to such commercial considerations as price, quality, 
availability, marketability, transportation and other con ditions of purchase or sale.  
E. How export prices are determined  
Export prices are determined by the private trader.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The retail sales price of the imported product is a function of its landed cost (invoice price, federal 
customs and excise duties and taxes, and freight), to which are added the applicable provincial 
mark-up and federal and provincial sales taxes. The mark -up varies by product type and by 
jurisdiction. As a result of two GATT  Panels1, liquor control authorities have modified mark -up 
practices on alcoholic beverages to bring them into conformity with the GATT.2 
G. Whether long -term contracts are negotiated b y the state trading enterprise. Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations  entered into by the 
Government  
Not applicable.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
The alcoholic beverages sub -sector is made up of the brew ery, wine and distilling industries. There 
are also a number of small firms producing cider and fruit wines across the country but this 
production is comparatively minor. Fruit wines are products produced from f ruits other than grapes. 
In 2019 , the value o f all alcoholic beverages produced in Can ada stood at $8.5 billion compared to 
 
1 Canada - Import, Distribution and Sale of Alcoholic Drinks by Provincial Marketing Authorities  (1988). 
This panel resulted in the 1989 "Agreement between the European Economic Community and Canada 
concerning trade and commerce in alcoholic beverages" which  requires the complete phase out of mark -up 
differentials between wine of the Community and Canadian wine by 1  January 1998. Mark -up differentials on 
distilled spirits were to be eliminated as of  1 January  1993.  
Canada - Import, Distribution and Sale of Ce rtain Alcoholic Drinks by Provincial Marketing 
Agencies  (1992). The US -Canada Memorandum of Understanding on Provincial Beer Marketing Practices 
(August 1993) resulted in the elimination of discriminatory differential mark -ups on beer.  
2 The Canada -US Free  Trade Agreement  immediately eliminated discriminatory mark -ups on distilled 
spirits and required a complete phase out of differential mark -ups on wine by 1  January 1995.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  $7.6 billion in 2015 .3 Alcoholic beverage impor ts of all kinds amounted to $5.3 billion in  2019 while 
total exports stood at $1.1 b illion the same year.4  
The brewing industry5 comprises those establishments primarily engaged in the steeping, boiling 
and fermenting of malt and hops to manufacture malt beverages. The industry produces a variety 
of beer, lager, ale, porter and stout, in bottles, cans and draught for the consumer ma rket and for 
the food service industry. The Canadian beer industry has been subject to increased consolidation 
as the two major national brewers are now subsidiaries of foreign brewers. Production has remained 
within Canada with approximately 1,071  brewing  and microbrewing establishments across the 
country.6 The microbrewery industry has steadily grown in Canada, catering to niche tastes and 
regional markets. Canada's geography and the fact that alcohol sales and production are controlled 
at the provincial level mean that the products of microbreweries are usually available only in the 
regions where they are produced. Canadians drink more beer than any other alcoholic beverage, 
however domestic per capita consumption of beer has declined steadily since t he 1970s and reached 
a low of 64.5  litres in  2019.7  
The Canadian wine industry8 continues to grow, evolving in response to rapid changes stemming 
from adjustments to trade liberalization under the Canada -United States FTA and the GATT  1947. 
Domestic vintners now grow quality Vitis Vinifera and hybrid grapes which have resulted in a 
dramatic improvement in the quality of Canadian wine. Canadian Icewine, a sweet dessert wine, has 
won several prestigious awards at international competitions and has gained conside rable 
international recognition. Among the larger firms there is a significant amount of production which 
involves bottling and blending of domestic and imported wines. However, most of these larger 
corporations have also acquired smaller estate wineries w hich have retained their own identity and 
which help them to define their "signature" premium products. In addition, there are many small 
family -oriented businesses which concentrate on the production of wine from Canadian grown 
grapes. Domestic per capita  consumption of wine in Canada has increased steadily si nce the early 
1990s and was 14.8 litres 2019 .9  
The distillery industry10 produces a variety of spirits (e.g. whisky, rum, vodka, gin, liqueurs, brandy, 
spirit coolers and basic ethyl alcohol) but its primary reputation, domestically and internationally, 
remains the production of distinctive high -quality Canadian whisky. The product is distilled from 
cereal grains (rye and corn primarily), aged in oak barrels for a minimum of three years, then bottled 
or sold in bulk. The industry is highly concentrated. Most companies are subsidiaries of multinational 
corporations with production facilities maintained in Canada in order to produce Canadian whisky, 
which has a registered geographical indication in Canada . Domestic consumption for spirits 
fluctuates from year to year, but does not display a clear long term trend. In 2019, Canadians 
consumed 5.09  litres of spirits per capita.11  
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
The relevant statistical information is attached. See Tables  I – III. 
 
3 Statistics Canada. Monthly Survey of Manufacturing by North American Industry Class ification System 
(NAICS). CANSIM Table 304 -0014.  
4 Statistics Canada, CATSNet.  
5 Canada's brewing industry is defined by the NAICS (31212).  
6 Statistics Canada. Canadian business patterns, location counts, employment size and NAICS, national 
industries, by  Canada and provinces, December 2013. CANSIM, Table 551 -0006.  
7 Statistics Canada. Food available in Canada, annual. CANSIM, Table 002 -0011. Per capita consumption 
is measured as: available litres ale, beer, stout and porter, adjusted for losses, per perso n 15 years old and 
over. 
8 Canada's wine industry is defined by the NAICS (31213).  
9 Statistics Canada. Food available in Canada, annual, CANSIM Table 002 -0011. Per capita consumption 
is measured as: available litres of wine, adjusted for losses, per perso n 15 years old and over.  
10 Canada's distillery industry is defined by the NAICS (31214).  
11 Statistics Canada. Food available in Canada, annual, CANSIM Table 002 -0011. Per capita consumption 
is measured as: available litres of distilled spirits, adjusted fo r losses, per person 15 years old and over.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE (IF THIS IS THE CASE) IN THE 
PRODUCTS AFFECTED  
Import data are given in Table I. Exporting is not within the mandate of provinc ial liquor c ontrol 
authorities.  
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION  
ALBERTA  
The liquor authority in Alberta, namely the Alberta Gaming , Liquor and Cannabis Commission, does 
not make commercial decisions on the product selections for alcoholic beverages which are imported, 
nor on the quantities of those imports. However, it is including an explanatory text on the Alberta 
market environment for alcoholic beverages in the interest of full transparency.  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Gaming , Liquor  and Cannabis Act (c. G -1, RSA 2000).  
- Gaming , Liquor  and Cannabis  Regulation (Alta. Reg. 143/1996).  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
All retail sales of alcoholic beverages in Alberta are privatized. Under the Alberta system, imported 
and domestic products are given the same treatment.  
The Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission (AGLC) regulates liquor , gaming and cannabis activities 
in the Province. The AGLC administers and enforces the Gaming . Liquor  and Cannabis  Act and the 
Gaming , Liquor and Cannabis Regulation  as well as related policies, and collects the government's 
flat mark -up on beverage alcohol.  
In Alberta, private -sector liquor agencies determine what products will be brought into the province. 
Alcohol manufacturers and suppliers have the option of actin g as their own liquor agent or employing 
the services of another liquor agent to expedite the process. Suppliers and agents are responsible 
for all aspects of ordering, consolidation, shipping, and marketing.  
The AGLC is the Importer and Wholesaler of Reco rd. All new orders are placed on consignment with 
the agent/supplier named as consignee.  
Provincial mark -up rates under a wholesale pricing structure are a flat rate per litre. Retailers set 
retail prices according to market forces.  
The warehousing and dis tribution of beverage alcohol products is managed by a private company, 
operating out of a warehouse and distribution facility in St. Albert, Alberta  under contract with the 
AGLC . Charges reflect the cost of receiving, storing and shipping products by the pallet or by the 
case. Beer suppliers may apply to establish their own warehousing arrangements. Final approval for 
such arrangements is required from the AGLC.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
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  BRITISH COLUMBIA  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Distribution Act , R.S.B.C. 1996, c.238 as amende d and the regulations thereto . 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Liquor Distribution Branch (LDB) is the importer of record for all alcoholic beverages imported 
into British Columbia. Section 2(2) of the Liquor Distribution Act  states that the LDB "has the sole 
right to purchase, both in and out of British Columbia, liquor for resale and reuse in British Columbia 
in accordance with the provisions of the Importation of Intoxicating Liquors Act (Canada)".  
As of 4 June 2020, the LDB operated 197 govern ment liquor stores. As of 14 June 2020, there was 
also a large private retail system consisting of 671 private liquor stores, 227 rural agency stores, 
64 wine stores , and 690 manufacturer stores at wineries, distilleries and breweries.  
Most retail outlets,  including all government liquor stores, private liquor stores and rural agency 
stores may sell any liquor product, regardless of category or origin. Manufacturer stores are 
permitted to sell products made by that manufacturer, and if they have a lounge or  special event 
area, they are also permitted to sell a limited amount of liquor produced by other manufacturers 
(whether import or domestic). Holders of a limited number of wine store licences are restricted to 
selling British Columbia wines.  
All liquor pr oducts sold in British Columbia must be registered with the LDB. The LDB 's retail line of 
business determines which products are sold in government stores based on customer demand and 
operators of private outlets determine which products they wish to sell in their stores.  
Suppliers or their agents determine the prices at which products are sold to the LDB. The LDB applies 
standard pricing formulas to the supplier price to determine the wholesale price that is paid by 
wholesale customers (including governmen t liquor stores, private liquor stores and rural agency 
stores). Wholesale customers can then set their own retail prices, subject to the minimum retail 
price policy established by British Columbia 's Liquor Control and Licensing Branch.  
MANITOBA  
ACTS AND R EGULATIONS  
- Manitoba Liq uor and Lotteries Corporate Act.  
- The Liquor and Gaming Control Act Regulation 82/2014 Registered 14  March 20 14 and the 
regulations thereto.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Manitoba Liquor and Lotteries (MBLL) is the importe r of record for all liquor imported into Manitoba. 
All liquor sold in the Province must meet the MBLL's listing criteria which is applied in a uniform and 
non-discriminatory manner, irrespective of country of origin.  
Spirits, wine, coolers and beer are warehoused by the MBLL and distributed to 63 government -
owned stores, 172 privately -owned agency stores, 8 specialty wine stores, 4 duty -free stores, and 
1,700 licensed premises. In addition, 5 privately -owned beer distributors warehouse and service the 
63 government -owned stores, 2 53 privately -owned beer vendors, and 1,700 licensed premises. 
Privately distributed beer, which may be either import or domestic, do not have any sales quotas 
applied, as the inventories are privately held and are the responsibil ity of the suppliers.  
Beverage alcohol's retail price is determined by applying combination of a category ad valorem mark-
up and a flat rate per litre to the landed cost. Mark -ups are applied universally to all products 
regardless of country of origin.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Audited cost of service differentials (commercial consideration) are also applied in accordance with 
the GATT agreement as a flat per litre charge per category.  
NEW BRUNSWICK  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- New Brunswick Liquor Corporation Act , R.S.N.B. 2016 c 105 and the regulations thereto, and 
their amendments.  
- Liquor Control Act , R.S.N.B. 1973, c.L -10, and the regulations thereto, and their amendments.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Importation of alcoholic beverages into New Brunswick is done through the New Brunswick Liquor 
Corporation (ANBL). All suppliers have full and equal access to the ANBL's listing process . All listed 
products are distributed to the top two tiers of ANBL 's corporate outlets. Products are distributed to 
the rest of the A BNL network including agents and licensed establishments based on demand. 
Marketing programs are available through an application process to all suppliers.  
The ANBL maintains a retail system of 4 0 stores and 8 7 privately operation convenience outlets, 66 
private grocery chain stores, an d 70 beverage alcohol manufactu rer-owned and operated outlets.  
This system is the exclusive retailer of all alcoholic beverages in the province. In addition, 
approximately 1,531  establishments are licensed for on -premise cons umption. These licensees buy 
exclusively through the ANBL retail system described above.  
Suppliers of beer products have the option of establishing their own in -province warehouse and 
distribution or going through ANBL's central warehouse and distribution system. A service charge is 
applied to all beer products going through the ANBL warehouse and distribution system.  
Retail price is determined by applying an ad valorem  mark-up to the product's landed cost (at  point 
of sale). Rates are listed in the Mark -up Structure document and are applied to all products 
regardless of origin. Minimum and maximum mark -ups, floor retail prices and minimum social 
reference retail prices, where applicable, are listed in the Mark -up Structure and Beer Listing Policy 
documents.  
NEWFOUNDLAND and LABRADOR  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- The Liquor Corporation Act , R.S.N. L 1990, c.L -19, and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
- The Liquor Control Act , R.S.N. L. 1990, c.L -18, and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
SUMMA RY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Importation of alcoholic beverages to the province of Newfoundland and Labrador can only be done 
through the Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation (NLC). In order for the NLC to import 
alcoholic beverages for sale in  the province, the producer must complete a listing application and 
the NLC must approve the application. Suppliers of spirits and wines are required to operate through 
the NLC warehouse and related distribution systems. The mark -up structure applied is th e same 
regardless of product origin.  The mark -up structure for spirits, wines and beer is applied to landed 
cost and consists of a combination of a fixed mark -up and a n ad-valorem mark -up based on a 
percentage of landed cost. Provincial and federal taxes i ncluding the Harmonized Sales Tax and a 
recycling container deposit are also added to determine final retail price.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 19 - 
 
  The following details the number of Agency Stores and Corporate Stores from Fiscal 201 8-19: 
Year Corporate  Agency  
2018-19 29 140 
Note:   Corporate and Agency stores both service the general public as well as licensee trade.  
NOVA SCOTIA  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- The Liquor Control Act,  R.S.N.S 1989, c.260 and the regulations thereto, and their 
amendments.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Importation of liquor for retail sale is controlled by  Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation (NSLC). The 
NSLC's listing policies provide equal access to all products regardless of origin based on category 
management principles. Suppliers, of both domestic and imported products, are required to operate 
through the NSLC central warehouse and related distribution system. Under certain terms and 
conditions, be er suppliers not brewing in the Province with sales (within Nova Scotia) of one million 
equivalent dozen may be granted the right to operate a separate warehouse facility. All products, 
regardless of origin, may be sold in the 10 8 liquor stores operated by  the NSLC. There are also 
60 small businesses serving as NSLC agency stores, 4 private wine and specialty stores, and 
142 manufacturer's on -site outlets permitted to sell their products directly to consumers, licensed 
establishments and private wine and sp ecialty stores as well as at Farmers ' Markets that generally 
operate one day of the weekend.  
Mark-ups are established by package size and by  product categories . All products which go through 
the warehouse are charged the same cost -of-service within a given  category.  
ONTARIO  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Control Act , R.S.O. 1990, c. L.18;  
- Alcohol and Gaming Regulation and Public Protection Act, R.S.O. 1996, c. 26;  
- Liquor Licence Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. L.19;  
- and the regulations thereto, and their amendmen ts. 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Ontario's beverage alcohol distribution and retail system is characterized by a mix of private and 
public operations. The Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) and the Alcohol and Gaming 
Commission of Ontario (AGC O), both government agencies, are the primary bodies responsible for 
controlling the manufacture, movement and sale of beverage alcohol within the province, 
respectively through the Liquor Control Act  (LCA) , and the Alcohol , Cannabis  and Gaming Regulation 
and Public Protection Act (ACGRPPA). The Liquor Licence Act sets the conditions under which a 
person may keep for sale, offer for sale, or sell liquor under a licence or permit issued under the act . 
This includes, for example, manufa cturers, manufacturers' representatives, bars, restaurants, hotels 
and persons selling or servi ng liquor on special occasions.  
The LCBO is responsible for importing liquor into Ontario, transporting and selling domestic and 
imported spirits, wine and beer.  The agency also tests products for quality control and safety, fixes 
liquor prices, and controls the w arehousing of beverage alcohol.  
The LCBO establishes and operates retail liquor stores across Ontario, including its agency stores in 
smaller communities . All suppliers, domestic and foreign, have equal access to LCBO's purchasing G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 20 - 
 
  system. All liquor sold by the LCBO must meet its listing criteria and sales targets.  The LCBO shares 
marketing costs with suppliers. Suppliers or their agents determine the pric es at which products are 
sold to the LCBO. The LCBO applies fixed pricing formulas to the supplier price to determine the 
retail price.  
Other authorized retailers include private beer stores, grocery stores, and private duty -free stores 
that sell domestic and imported products. M anufacturers' retail stores (on -site and off -site winery 
retail stores , on-site beer and on-site distillery  stores) are authorized under the LCA  to sell their 
products. Products not listed  in retail stores , or on LCBO 's e-commerce p latform  can be ordered 
through LCBO's Specialty Services  program s (including private ordering and consignment)  and by 
LCBO -appointed sacramental wine ve ndors for sacramental purposes.  
The number of private off -site winery retail stores is limited by the Ca nada-United States FTA and 
the Canada -United States -Mexico Agreement, and the Comprehensive Economic and Trade 
Agreement (CETA) once it comes into force . Certain restrictions on the operation of off -site stores 
are also contained in the Canada -EC Agreement  concerning Trade and Commerce in Alcoholic 
Beverages (as modified by the Canada -EC Agreement on Trade in Wines and Spirit Drinks  and the 
Canada -European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement ). 
Brewers Retail Inc. (BRI) , operating as "The Beer S tore" is a privately owned company operating 
beer stores under the authority of the LCA . It sells domestic and imported beer to the public and is 
the primary distribution channel for beer in the province. BRI purchases its imported brands from 
the LCBO.  
The LCBO applies charges to domestic and imported beer based on the worldwide production volume 
of the supplier. Domestic beer sold in the Beer Store, an on -site manufacturer's store or in a licensed 
establishment is subject to beer taxes under A CGRPPA. These volume -based  taxes are equivalent to 
the volume -based  charges applied by the LCBO.  
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Control Act and Regulations, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c.L -14 and the regulations thereto, and 
their amendments.  
SUMMARY OF L IQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
Importation of alcoholic beverages into Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) is done through the P.E.I. 
Liquor Control Commission  (P.E.I.L.C.C.) . All suppliers have full and equal access to the P.E.I.L.C.C. 
listing process. Listed produc ts receive distribution to the entire retail system.  
The P.E.I.L.C.C. maintains a retail system of 18 stores and 8 agency stores. This system is the 
exclusive retailer of all alcoholic beverages in the Province, with the exception of 26 manufacturers 
on-site outlets (breweries, distilleries or wineries),  and stores permitted to sell their own product 
directly to consumers. In addition, approximately 4 06 establishments are licensed for on premise 
consumption. These licensees purchase exclusively through the P.E.I.L.C.C. retail system. The 
Province also licences 6 ferment -on-premises locations that provide facilities to the general public 
to brew their own beer or wine from kits.  
The following mark -up structure is used to calculate the retail price of imported and domestic 
products: manufacturers' price, customs/excise, freight, an applicable mark -up applied to landed 
costs (differs per category), Provincial Health Tax (25%), Harmonized Sales Tax (1 5%) and bottle 
deposit.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 21 - 
 
  QUEBEC  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
-  Act respecting the Société des alcools du Québec  (RSQ, c. S -13, s. 16) . 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Société des alcools du Québec  (SAQ) is an independent, publicly owned commercial corporation 
administered by a board of directors. It has sole  authority over the importation, delivery, taking or 
transportation of any intoxicating liquor in Quebec, whether produced in Canada or abroad.  
The SAQ distributes alcoholic beverages to its own network of 40 7 government stores and 
427 agencies, and acts a s a distributer for  grocery and corner stores that account for over 7,500 
points of sale . Products for distribution are warehoused in two distribution centres with a combined 
storage capacity of 4, 380,000 cases.  
The selection, purchase and merchandising of  products are determined by principles defined in the 
SAQ's Purchasing and Merchandising Policy.  
Wines without appellation of origin designation that are bottled in Quebec may be sold in grocery 
stores, except for 8 format marking provided for in the regul ations, along with beers and ciders. 
Wines with a n appellation of origin designation and spirits may only be sold in SAQ outlets.  
Suppliers are responsible for promoting their products. The services of a marketing agent are also 
used. Market forces determi ne quantities to be imported. A uniform mark -up, by category of product, 
is applied to the cost price of the products, whether imported or domestic. Revenues are paid in the 
form of dividends to the sole shareholder, Quebec's Minister of Finance.  
SASKATCHE WAN  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- The Alcohol and Gaming Regulation Act, 1997 being Chapter A -18.011 of the Statutes of 
Saskatchewan, 1997 (1 February 2003) as amended by the Statutes of Saskatchewan, 1998, 
c.16; 2000, c.36; 2002, c.27 and 42; 2003, c.15; 2004, c.67; 2005, c.3 and 21; 2007, c.10; 
2008, c.8' and  2010, c.25; 2013, c.P -38.01, c.2 and c.29; 2014, c.7 and c.11;  2015, c.1 ; and 
2016 c.4.  
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority (SLGA) has authority over th e manufacture, 
possession, sale and delivery of beverage alcohol in Saskatchewan, and is the importer of record for 
all wine, spirits and beer imported into Saskatchewan. The SLGA maintains a broad listing policy 
that applies equally to both imported and d omestic products , details of which are contained  in the 
SLGA Beverage Alcohol Listing Policy.  
Listing application forms, and product and supplier profiles must be submitt ed or approved by the 
supplier or their representative or authorized agent.  The rules governing access to points of sale 
apply equally to domestic (including in -province) and foreign suppliers. Audited cost -of-service 
charges are applied to all imported products distr ibuted through the SLGA system.  
Approximately 700 retail store permittees sell beverage alcohol throughout Saskatchewan, including 
35 operated directly by SLGA.  All retail store permittees operate on the same terms and conditions 
with access to the same wholesale price through SLGA 's distribution centre.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 22 - 
 
  NORTHWEST TERRITORIES  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Act , .S.N.W.T. 2007, c.15 as amended by the Statues of the Northwest Territories 2010, 
c.16, c.21; 2011, c.8; 2012, c.18; 2013, c.22; 2014, c.10; 2015,c.13.  
- Liquor Regulations , R-069-2008 as amended by R-076-2008, R -007-2009, R -126-2009, R -
154-2009, R -048-2010, R -087-2010, R -030-2011, R -004-2012, R -087-2012, R -140-2014, R -
053-2015, R -071-2016, R -082-2017. 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Northwest Territories Liquor Comm ission (NTLC) was continued  under Part 2 of the Liquor Act. 
It is responsible for purchase , sale, classification  and distribution of liquor in the Northwest 
Territories through the Liquor Revolving Fund.  
The NTLC uses a flat rate per litre mark up to gener ate a specific level of revenue from the sale of 
liquor. Product cost, freight, container deposit, recycling fee, general sales tax, retail, warehousing 
and administrative costs are also included with flat rate mark -up when establishing a final price.  
A person who is eligible to purchase and consume liquor in the Northwest Territories may personally 
import 1.5 litres of wine, 1.14 litres of spirits, or 8.52 litres of beer. An import permit is required to 
import quantities greater than the allowable amounts.  
Retail and warehousing operations are carried out by 7 private sector contractors  who are under 
license from the NTLC.  
NUNAVUT  
ACTS AND REGULATIONS  
- Liquor Regulations , R.R.N.W.T. 1990, c.L -34, as duplicated for Nunavut by section 29 of the 
Nunavut Act . 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Nunavut Liquor Commission is responsible for the purchasing, warehousing and distribution of 
all alcoholic beverages as well as  permitting and enforcement in Nunavut.  
Alcohol is allowed to be purchased in 7 Nunavut communities. Those living in the 1 2 "restricted 
communities" are able to order alcohol products from warehouse distribution centres but require 
approval from an alcohol  education committee. There are 6 " prohibited  communities" where alcohol 
is completely banned. Product price, freight and a refundable container deposit are included in the 
final price of any alcohol beverages.  
Among the many characteristics that set Nunav ut's liquor distribution system apart from other 
jurisdictions in Canada, is its central processing structure. The Commission runs only one walk -in 
retail store (second planned to open in late 2020), with the remainder of purchase orders processed 
remotely  through one of the Commission 's two distribution warehouses and distributed via air cargo. 
. Licensed outlets and holders of special occasion permits are the exception, as the high volume of 
their purchases dictates that they be picked up at the closest C ommission warehouse.  
The Nunavut Liquor Licensing Board is responsible for the issuance, renewal, transfer, cancellation 
or suspension of any liquor licenses, as well as, the enforcement of all liquor related regulations and 
restrictions.  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 23 - 
 
  YUKON  
ACTS AND RE GULATIONS  
- Liquor Act,  R.S.Y. 2002, c.140.  
- Liquor Regulations Respecting the Sale and Consumption of Liquor , C.O 1977/037 . 
- Liquor Tax Act, Chapter 141, R.S.Y 2002 . 
SUMMARY OF LIQUOR MARKETING PRACTICES  
The Yukon Liquor Corporation (YLC) is mandated with the purchase, distribution, and sale of liquor 
products in the Yukon. The YLC  operates a central  warehouse and distribution centre in Whitehorse, 
and six Yukon Liquor Stores. Five of these liquor stores are in rural locations and also  provide  specific 
Territorial Agent services on behalf of  other government departments.  The Corporation transfers all 
its net income to the  Government of Yukon. It is responsible for the  Liquor Act and Liquor 
Regulations . In addition, the  Corporation collects and remits a 12% tax on the  retail value of all 
liquor products sold in the Yukon, as  required by the Liquor Tax Act . 
Domestic products are purchased from various locations across Canada. All imported products are 
purchased through the British Columbia Liquor Distribution Branch, from vendors through third party 
warehouses, Liquor Connect in Alberta, and direct vendors within Canada. There are no restrictions 
on imported liquor products con sidered for purchase by the YLC in relation to category or origin.  
To determine retail prices, the YLC applies standard pricing formulas that include the producer 's 
price, federal duty and excise tax, freight, YLC mark -up, refundable container deposit, and  a 
non-refundable recycling surcharge, in addition to the federal Goods & Services Tax and the 
12% Yukon liquor tax.  
YLC's shelf prices include the landed cost for the product, refundable deposits, recycling fees and a 
liquor tax. Most shelf prices across the country show product prices without taxes and deposits, 
which are applied at the point of purchase.   
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 24 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: PROVI NCIAL AND TERRITORIA L LIQUOR CONTROL AUT HORITIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of 
the product  Year1 Total quantity 
imported2 Quantity imported  
by STEs  Per-unit import 
price3 Average representative 
domestic sales price4 Mark -up National 
production5 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
  '000 Litres  Litres  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre   CAD'000 
Beer 
22.03  2018 374,364  … 1.98 4.15 … 5,773,582  
2019 371,059  … 1.95 4.25 … 6,010,788  
Wine6 
22.04  
22.05  
22.06  2018 449,148  … 6.02 14.35  … 1,166,689  
2019 441,699  … 6.10 14.75  … 1,269,310  
Spirits 
22.08  2018 35,426  … 29.54  31.96  … 1,146,185  
2019 36,681  … 30.88  32.49  … 1,230,959  
Notes:   "…" Indicates not applicable . 
1. Data in columns 5 and 7 are for fiscal years ending on 31  March  (2017-18 and 2018-19). All other data is for calendar years. Figures in column 5 include coolers 
separated by type (i.e. beer coolers, wine coolers, spirit coolers).  
2. Not all products referred to as beer, wine or spirits are measured in the same unit of measure. For beer, data includes all i mports measured in litres. For win e, 
data includes all imports measured in litres and in litres of pure alcohol (LPA), and kilograms (KG). For spirits, data inclu des all imports measured in LPA. Imports 
may include supplementary imports, including products imported for further processing a nd re-exported under the import for re -export program.  
3. Average import prices are calculated as the value of imports by STEs (the price in the country of origin) divided by the quan tity of imports by STEs.  
4. Average representative domestic sales price i s calculated as the value of domestic sales of imported products divided by the volume of import sales . 
5. Production figures are represented by the value of shipments, and are calculated using the North American Industrial Classifi cation System (NAICS) ra ther than 
HS codes. Quantity data is not available. Data for wine is a Statistics Canada estimate.  
6. Wine includes vermouth, coole rs and ciders (except Column 5, which excludes vermouth).  
Sources:  Column 2, 4:  Statistics Canada.  
Column 5:  Statistics Canad a, "Sales of Alcoholic Beverages of Liquor Authorities, Wineries and Breweries". CANSIM, Table 183 -0024.  
Column 7:  Statistics Canada, Manufacturers' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratios, by NAICS, Canada. CANSIM, Table 304 -0014. 
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 25 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: PROVI NCIAL AND TERRITORIA L LIQUOR CONTROL AUT HORITIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of 
the product  Year1 Total quantity 
exported2 Quantity 
exported 
by STEs3 Average 
Procurement 
price  Average representative domestic sales 
price for sales of domestically -
produced alcohol  Per-unit export 
price  National 
production4 
1  2 3 4 5 6 7 
  '000 Litres  '000 Litres  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre  CAD/Litre  CAD'000 
Beer 
22.03  2018 163,375  - … 4.06 0.95 5,773,582  
2019 156,210  - … 4.15 0.98 6,010,788  
Wine5 
22.04  
22.05  
22.06  2018 122,176  - … 11.19  1.26 1,166,689  
2019 194,499  - … 11.48  1.07 1,569,310  
Spirits  
22.08  2018 163,857  - … 29.00  3.47 1,146,185  
2019 173,015  - … 29.00  3.64 1,230,959  
Notes:   "-" indicates zero.  
"…" indicates not applicable.  
1. Data in column s 5 and 7  is for fiscal years ending on 31 March ( 2017-18 and 2018-19). All other data is for calendar years.  
2. Does not include foreign produce re -exported.  
3. Provincial and Territorial liquor control authorities have no authority over the exportation of alcoholic beverages and no ju risdiction to export such products.  
4. Production figures are r epresented by the value of shipments, and are calculated using the NAICS rather than HS coding. Quantity data is not availabl e. Data 
for wine is a Statistics Canada estimate.  
5. Wine includes vermouth, coolers and ciders (except Column 5, which excludes ve rmouth).  
Sources:  Column 2, 6:  Statistics Canada.  
Column 5:  Statistics Canada, "Sales of Alcoholic Beverages of Liquor Authorities, Wineries and Breweries". CANSIM, Table 183 -0024.  
Column 7:  Statistics Canada. Manufacturers' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratios, by NAICS, Canada. CANSIM, Table 304 -0014. 
  G/STR/N/18/CAN  
 
- 26 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: PROVI NCIAL AND TERRITORIA L LIQUOR CONTROL AUT HORITIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of the product  Year1 Domestic purchases 
by STEs  National production2 Domestic Sales of Domestically -
Produced Alcohol, by STEs  National Consumption3 
1  2 3 4 5 
    $CAD'000 litres litres 
Beer 
22.03  2018 … 5,773,582  1,887,534  2,215,174  
2019 … 6,010,729  1,829,729  2,209,145  
Wine4 
22.04  2018 … 1,166,689  203,768  519,136  
2019 … 1,269,310  198,992  505,967  
Spirits  
22.08  2018 … 1,146,185  90,962  171,912  
2019 … 1,230,959  90,178  174,322  
Notes:    "…" not available.  
1. Data in columns 4 and 5 are for fiscal years ending on 31 March ( 2017-18 and 2018-19). All other data is for calendar years.  
2. Production figures are represented by the value of shipments, and are calculated using the NAICS rather than HS coding. Quant ity data is not available. Data  for 
wine is an estimate.  
3. National consumption is represented by the total quantity of domestic sales of imported and domestic products. It does not in clude homemade beer and wine, 
wine and beer manufactured through brew -on-premises operations, all sale s to Canadian residents in duty free shops and any other unreported transactions. 
Export sales are not included.  
4. Wine includes vermouth, coolers and ciders for column 2.  
Sources:  Column 3: Statistics Canada. Manufacturers' sales, inventories, orders and inventory to sales ratios, by NAICS, Canada. CANSIM, Table 304 -0014. 
 Column 4, 5: Statistics Canada, "Sales of Alcoholic Beverages of Liquor Authorities, Wineries and Breweries". CANSIM, Table 1 83-0024.  
 
__________