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Trade Policy Review Body    
 
*In Original language only/ En langue originale seulement /En el idioma original solamente . 
  
MEXICO 
DRAFT MINUTES  OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 5 AND 7 OCTOBER 2022  
Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the 
Secretariat ( Mrs Daniela  Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , or to  tprd@wto.org ) no later 
than 17 November  2022. 
 
Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales  
 
MEXIQUE  
PROJET DE COMPTE RENDU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 5 ET 7 OCTOBRE 2022  
Les délégations sont invitées à soumettre  leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs 
propres déclarations au Secrétariat ( Mme Daniela  Salas : danielamariana.salas@wto.org , ou 
tprd@wto.org ) le 17 novembre  2022 au plus tard.  
 
Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales  
 
MÉXICO 
PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 5 Y 7 DE OCTUBRE DE 2022  
Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría (Sr a. Daniela  Salas : 
danielamariana.salas@wto.org , o tprd@wto.org ) a más tardar el 17 las correcciones fácticas 
que deseen introducir en sus propias declaraciones.  
 
_______________  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
MEXICO 
DRAFT  MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Dr Athaliah Lesiba Molokomme (Botswana)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  3 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MEXICO  ................................ ...... 5 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ..............  10 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  13 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MEXICO  AND ADDITIONAL  
COMMENTS  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  56 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  66 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Mexico are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 429/Add.1  and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPE RSON  
1.1.  The se venth  Trade Policy Review of Mexico  was held on 5 and 7  October  2022. Following the 
Rules and Procedures of the TPRDB,  H.E. Dr Athaliah Lesiba Molokomme (Botswana) , in her capacity 
as Chair of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), chaired the meeti ng on behalf of the current 
Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB), H.E.  Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez (Mexico).  
1.2.  The Chairperson  welcomed the delegation of Mexico , headed by H.E.  Ms Luz María de la Mora 
Sánchez , Undersecretary for Foreign Trade  in the Secretariat of Economy ; H.E. Ambassador Ángel 
Villalobos Rodríguez, Permanent Representative of Mexico  to the WTO; the rest of the delegation; 
and the discussant, H.E. Ms Clare Kelly (New  Zealand) . The Chairperson was pleased that, in 
addition to p hysical presence, the meeting also benefited from the Interprefy online connection, 
allowing for a wider participation of the Membership.  
1.3.  The Chairperson called Members' attention to the presence of the participants of the 
Introductory  Trade Policy Course for LDCs , who were very interested in attending this review 
meeting.  
1.4.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The Report by Mexico  is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 429, and that of the WTO 
Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 429. 
1.5.  Questions by the following delegations w ere submitted in writing before the deadline: the 
Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia; Singapore; Colombia; Canada; Hong  Kong,  China; Japan; 
the Dominican  Republic; the  United  States; Israel; Costa  Rica; the  European  Union; Argentina; 
the Philippines; Australia; Ukrai ne; Chile; Iceland; Chinese  Taipei; Brazil; Switzerland; the  Republic 
of Korea; New  Zealand; the United  Kingdom; Guatemala; and China.  The following delegations 
submitted written questions after the deadline:  Türkiye ; Ecuador; Malaysia; Viet  Nam; India; 
Uruguay; El  Salvador; the  Republic of Moldova; and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.  
1.6.  At the time of the previous Review, Members had commended Mexico for its economic growth 
despite challenges caused by rising financial market volatility and the collapse  of oil prices. According 
to the Secretariat's Report prepared for the current Review, Mexico had experienced a severe 
downturn starting in mid 2018, followed by a slight contraction in real GDP in 2019.  
1.7.  In 2020, the Mexican economy was also severely affe cted by the COVID -19 pandemic. 
However, support measures adopted to deal with the pandemic had helped economic activities 
recover, as preliminary GDP figures for 2021 and 2022 show GDP growth exceeding pre -pandemic 
levels.  
1.8.  During the past Review in 2017, Members had encouraged Mexico to diversify trade. However, 
the Reports still show that Mexican trade is still highly dependent on a single market. Exports also 
remain ed predominantly dominated by manufactured goods. In th at regard, it would be interesting 
to hear about Mexico's efforts to diversify its trading partners and export products.  
1.9.  In 2017, Members commended Mexico's commitment to free trade and the multilateral trading 
system. Members also had praised Mexico for adopting trade facilitation measure s. These efforts 
continued during the current review period.  
1.10.   During the previous Review, Members had expressed some concerns regarding the use of 
non-tariff barriers, in particular trade remedies.  
1.11.   The Chairperson was  pleased to note that Mexico had reduc ed recourse to these measures 
during the 2017 -21 period. At the same time, it was  also note d that the average applied MFN tariff 
rose somewhat since the previous Review.  
1.12.   On sectoral policies, as in 2017, Members had inquired about support programmes in the  
agriculture sector. It was noted in the Secretariat Report that Mexico's agricultural policy aims at 
achieving food self sufficiency. Members would be interested in hearing about the effectiveness of 
the policies adopted during the review period in attain ing this objective.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  1.13.   Regarding the energy sector, in their advance written questions, Members  raised concerns 
about measures implemented to reverse competition in sectors that were liberalized in 2013.  
1.14.   Other issues raised in the Members' advance written qu estions include d the foreign 
investment regime, SPS and TBT measures; the competition regime; the scope of the public 
procurement regime; the new IPR legislation; and the telecommunications sector.  
1.15.   In total, Mexico received more than 800  advance written q uestions from 34  delegations, out 
of which 25 were sent within the established deadline. Prior to this meeting, Mexico provided written 
replies to questions submitted within the deadline, as well as some additional ones. The Chairperson  
looked forward to h earing Mexico's updates on these issues during the two -day meeting.  
1.16.   The meeting was a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of interest 
to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. It was also an opportu ne 
moment for Mexico to update the Membership on the impact of the pandemic on its economy and 
the responses to cope with the economic emergency. The Chairperson looked forward to a fruitful 
discussion.  
1.17.   The Chairperson closed her introductory remarks by wi shing Mexico  a very successful seventh  
Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MEXICO ( H.E. MS LUZ MARÍA DE LA 
MORA SÁNCHEZ ) 
2.1.  Muchas gracias Sra. Presidenta, es un honor presidir la delegación que participa en este 
séptimo examen de las políticas comerciales de México.  
2.2.  Expreso mi más sincero agradecimiento a  la Embajadora de Botswana, Athaliah Molokomme, 
por presidir esta reunión  y por sus valiosos comentarios; a la Embajadora de Nueva  Zeland ia, 
Clare Kelly, gran conocedora de México y quien nos distingue con su participación como ponente el 
día de hoy ; a la  División de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales  por su completo y profesi onal 
informe;  a los Miembros en su conjunto por su interés en las políticas comerciales de mi país, como 
lo demuestran las 766  preguntas que hemos recibido hasta el momento respecto a la estrategia de 
apertura, aspectos operativos del comercio y políticas en inversión, propiedad intelectual, agricultura 
y servicios, entre otras.  
2.3.  El periodo que comprende este séptimo examen de las políticas comerciales de México se 
caracterizó por un entorno económico mundial desalentador. Las crecientes tensiones comerciale s y 
la escasa voluntad política para fortalecer el sistema multilateral de comercio contribuyeron a un 
ambiente de incertidumbre y a un debilitamiento de la actividad económica, mismo que se agudizó, 
significativamente, con los efectos del combate a la pan demia del COVID -19. 
2.4.  Recientemente, la recuperación desigual en curso, en diversas regiones, está siendo afectada 
por un fenómeno mundial de inflación. La conjunción de un exceso de demanda por políticas fiscales 
y monetarias laxas con disrupciones en caden as de suministro industrial energético y 
agroalimentario, en parte, por la agresión de la Federación de Rusia a Ucrania, ha inducido una 
dinámica de crecimiento de precios no vista en décadas.  
2.5.  Restablecer la estabilidad de precios está implicando el uso d e políticas que acortarán la 
actividad económica con consecuencias en inversión, comercio, empleo y bienestar.  
2.6.  En este contexto, destaca que , en 2020 la economía de México, acusando los efectos de la 
pandemia, registró una caída significativa del PIB de ( -8,2%), seguida de un crecimiento de 4 ,8% 
en 2021, apuntalado mayormente por una rápida recuperación de nuestro comercio exterior, 
altamente integrado a la economía de los Estados  Unidos y a las cadenas de valor, superando ya 
dicho comercio los niveles prep andemia. Esta reactivación de la economía también se explica por 
recuperación menos dinámica de los sectores de servicios como el turismo  y transporte . 
2.7.  Asimismo, contribuyó a la recuperación en curso, la aplicación de políticas y programas para 
dotar de liquidez y solvencia bancaria, principalmente a micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas. El 
manejo prudente de la política fiscal y monetaria ha permitido pre servar la estabilidad financiera y 
cambiaria, así como el acceso a los mercados de capitales internacionales.  
2.8.  No sobra mencionar que, para mantener el flujo de vacunas y productos médicos durante la 
pandemia, México facilitó su comercio, y coordinó accion es con contrapartes en sectores específicos 
para la pronta reactivación de las cadenas de suministro, lo que ciertamente abonó a la reanimación 
económica.  
2.9.  A partir de la década de los ochenta, México inició su estrategia de crecimiento orientada al 
exterio r. Desde entonces, ha participado activamente en el plano comercial multilateral y ha 
construido una red de acuerdos regionales y bilaterales que le han permitido una significativa 
inserción en los mercados internacionales de comercio e inversión.  
2.10.   El comercio internacional anual de bienes de México supera ya  el USD 1 billón  y se ubica entre 
las 10  principales economías en captación de Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED). La mutación de 
una economía primordialmente exportadora de petróleo a ser una de  las principales exportadoras 
de manufacturas, no puede explicarse sin el proceso de apertura y la captación de IED que ha 
contribuido al desarrollo de la plataforma manufacturera exportadora y a la modernización de 
algunos sectores de servicios.  
2.11.   México ha  enfocado sus estrategias de política comercial en tres pilares: diversificación, 
innovación e inclusión, siendo el sector exportador y la captación de IED fundamentales en el WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
- 6 - 
 
  desarrollo y crecimiento económicos, en la generación de más y mejores empleos, en el acceso a 
nuevas tecnologías y procesos productivos y en una mayor oferta de bienes y servicios a precios 
competitivos tanto para los consumidores como para los productores y proveedores.  
2.12.   Durante el per iodo de examen, se impulsó la agenda de negociaci ones para ampliar y 
profundizar la red de acuerdos y tratados comerciales, lo que contribuye a profundizar la inserción 
en los mercados internacionales y en las cadenas de valor, fomentar la diversificación, la inclusión 
y el impulso al desarrollo económic o sostenible.  
2.13.   El Tratado México, Estados  Unidos  y Canadá ; el Tratado Integral y Progresista de Asociación 
Transpacífico ; y el Acuerdo de Continuidad Comercial con el Reino  Unido, la modernización del 
Tratado de Libre Comercio México -Unión  Europea , en proc eso de suscripción, y el Tratado de Libre 
Comercio Singapur -Alianza del Pacífico, son acuerdos modernos y ambiciosos que impulsarán una 
mayor integración en las regiones más dinámicas del mundo.  
2.14.   Es previsible que las negociaciones en curso con el Reino  Unido, la Asociación Europea de 
Libre Comercio, Ecuador, la República de Corea  y los candidatos a Estados Asociados de la Alianza 
del Pacífico  y la modernización de nuestro acuerdo con Israel , derivarán en el fortalecimiento de 
nuestra red de tratados de últi ma generación en beneficio de las empresas, particularmente de las 
mipymes, y de otros sectores de la economía que no han sido tradicionalmente parte del comercio 
exterior como las mujeres, comunidades indígenas y la población en general.  
2.15.   Atendiendo a aspe ctos operativos del comercio y respecto a ciertos sectores, desde nuestro 
último examen de políticas comerciales, en materia de comercio de bienes, la adopción de la sexta 
enmienda del Sistema Armonizado , así como la actualización de la Tarifa de los Impue stos Generales 
de Importación y Exportación  (TIGIE) resultó en una restructuración de nuestra nomenclatura, que 
cuenta ahora con 7 .895 líneas arancelarias, sin modificar los aranceles NMF aplicados, que se 
encuentran en cero para 48% del total de las línea s arancelarias. En mayo de 2022 el Gobierno 
implementó el "Paquete contra la Inflación y la carestía " (PACIC) a través del cual se exenta 
temporalmente –hasta noviembre de 2022 - del pago de aranceles de importación a productos 
clasificados en 73  líneas ara ncelarias que forman parte de la canasta básica, para hacer frente al 
incremento de los precios.  
2.16.   La manufactura es el principal componente del comercio exterior de México, registrando 
exportaciones e importaciones por encima del 85% del total del comercio  de mercancías. Asimismo, 
México se ha consolidado como exportador neto de productos del sector agropecuario gracias a su 
oferta competitiva de frutas, hortalizas y bebidas.  
2.17.   La importancia del sector agropecuario para el país va más allá de su contribució n al PIB y al 
comercio (en 2021 contribuyó con 3.8% al PIB y representó 8 ,6 % de las exportaciones totales), 
dado que una parte significativa de la población rural depende de la actividad agrícola. Por ello, en 
el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (2019 -2024), M éxico busca un "rescate del campo ", mediante una 
política de apoyos que aumenten la producción, la competitividad y la sostenibilidad, al tiempo que 
fomente una mayor inclusión e ingresos para las poblaciones vulnerables y marginadas, 
particularmente en lo s cultivos prioritarios como lo son el maíz y el frijol.  
2.18.   En materia de comercio de servicios, destaca, por una parte, la promulgación de la Ley para 
Regular las Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera, conocida como "Ley Fintech ", primera legislación 
de su tipo en América  Latina, y que otorga certeza jurídica a los usuarios de plataformas de este 
tipo de servicios financieros.  
2.19.   Así también, en este impor tante sector, México ha tomado una serie de acciones para 
fortalecer la "inclusión financiera ", tales como la reforma a la Ley para Regular las Agrupaciones 
Financieras que estableció el Consejo Nacional de Inclusión Financiera. Además, en marzo de este 
año, se instaló el Comité Interinstitucional para la Igualdad de Género en las Entidades Financieras, 
como una instancia para promover una mayor inclusión de las mujeres en el sector financiero y en 
la economía mexicana.  
2.20.   Por su parte, en el sector de telecom unicaciones, destaca el establecimiento de la "Estrategia 
Digital Nacional 2021 -2024" a fin de hacer posible un uso y desarrollo eficiente e incluyente de las WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, incluidos los servicios de banda ancha e internet q ue 
permitan potenciar el desarrollo del país.  
2.21.   En el sector de servicios, el sector turístico es un gran generador de empleos y divisas. Para 
preservar la viabilidad de su desarrollo es importante fomentar la sostenibilidad, generando mayores 
consideracione s de los ecosistemas y mejores medidas contra el cambio climático.  
2.22.   En este sentido, el "Programa Sectorial de Turismo 2020 -2024" que establece entre sus 
objetivos prioritarios fomentar el turismo sostenible, promueve proyectos que impulsen el desarrollo 
turístico y contribuyan a la reducción de los impactos negativos en el ambiente, con un trabajo 
coordinado entre los niveles de gobierno, los empresarios y la sociedad  en su conjunto . 
2.23.   Referente a la IED, destaca que , durante el período de examen, México cap tó recursos por 
arriba de su promedio histórico, si bien, durante la pandemia, se reporta una reducción relevante 
del flujo captado en 2020, dicha contracción fue menor al porcentaje de reducción en los flujos 
mundiales, mientras que para 2021 los flujos r etomaron niveles anuales por arriba de los 
USD 30.000 millones.  
2.24.   La combinación de una red amplia de acuerdos de inversión y una legislación amigable ha 
permitido a México captar flujos de IED relevantes que complementan la inversión nacional, 
contribuyendo  al crecimiento y desarrollo económico, al empleo y a la innovación.  
2.25.   Adicional a los 12 acuerdos comerciales con capítulos de inversión, México cuenta con una 
red de 30 acuerdos bilaterales de inversión, y ha iniciado un proceso de modernización de algunos  
de ellos.  
2.26.   El marco legal de México para la IED es significativamente abierto, pocas actividades están 
reservadas para el Estado y para nacionales, los porcentajes y criterios para las pocas actividades 
que tienen limitaciones o requisitos a extranjeros so n transparentes. Durante el per iodo de examen, 
me permito destacar que el porcentaje permitido de participación de inversión extranjera para 
actividades de transporte aéreo nacional y de aerotaxi internacional y especializado se incrementó 
de 25% a 49%.  
2.27.   Es destacable que , en 2021, en colaboración con la UNCTAD, se diseñó la plataforma digital 
InvestinM x, que permite a los inversionistas transitar, de una manera simple y estructurada por los 
trámites y requerimientos para una posible inversión.  
2.28.   México consi dera que una efectiva inserción internacional requiere de una interfase ágil entre 
su regulación y sus compromisos con el exterior. Durante el per iodo de examen se crearon leyes y 
acciones en ese sentido, entre los que me permito destacar las siguientes:  
2.29.    La Ley de Infraestructura de la Calidad, expedida en julio de 2020, moderniza el marco 
jurídico en materia de normalización para reflejar adecuadamente los compromisos asumidos por 
México bajo los tratados internacionales vigentes, así como las mejores prá cticas internacionales, 
guardando relación con las recomendaciones y buenas prácticas del Sistema de las Naciones Unidas 
en materia de Desarrollo Industrial Sostenible e Inclusivo.  
2.30.   En materia de propiedad intelectual, se promulgó la Ley Federal de Protecci ón a la Propiedad 
Intelectual, con el fin de fortalecer el sistema de propiedad intelectual y cumplir con los compromisos 
adquiridos en los acuerdos internacionales celebrados por México. Nuestro país promueve la 
protección a la propiedad intelectual, la c ual fomenta la innovación, el avance tecnológico y la 
inversión.  
2.31.   En cumplimiento con los compromisos contenidos en el Acuerdo sobre Facilitación del 
Comercio, se creó el Comité Nacional de Facilitación del Comercio, para permitir la coordinación 
entre las  dependencias y las diversas entidades de la Administración Pública Federal en el diseño, 
ejecución y evaluación de programas y acciones que agilicen el comercio, así como para la 
implementación y aplicación de las disposiciones de dicho Acuerdo.  
2.32.   Atendiend o al plano multilateral, en virtud del nivel de inserción de México a los flujos 
mundiales de comercio e inversión, el funcionamiento efectivo del sistema multilateral de comercio WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  le resulta fundamental. La amplia red de acuerdos del país se da bajo el par aguas de la OMC y temas 
de gran envergadura sólo se pueden resolver con la voluntad colectiva de sus Miembros. México 
participa activamente en los trabajos de esta casa y está en la mejor disposición de contribuir a 
robustecer este sistema.  
2.33.   El bajo desempeño de la Organización acota los beneficios inherentes al comercio, limitando 
el potencial crecimiento de la inversión, el empleo y del mejoramiento del nivel de vida.  
2.34.   Así, México se congratula por lo logrado en la CM12, rebasando el escenario más op timista 
que se hubiera imaginado, y que concluyó con un Acuerdo Multilateral sobre Subvenciones a la 
Pesca, que formará  parte de los acuerdos abarcados de la OMC. Esto da un aire fresco de credibilidad 
a la OMC que deberá de contribuir a impulsar la agenda .  
2.35.   Entre lo acordado por los Ministros, México considera que los trabajos referentes a la Reforma 
de la OMC serán determinantes para revitalizar los pilares de la OMC y contar con un sistema 
multilateral de comercio que cumpla a cabalidad con su mandato.  
2.36.   En particular destaca el compromiso de los Ministros para contar con un sistema 
completamente funcional y accesible para todos para el 2024, atendiendo así la crisis del pilar de 
solución de diferencias. México, como usuario relevante de este mecanismo, ha colaborado y 
participado de manera activa en: i)  la propuesta conjunta para el lanzamiento de los procesos de 
selección de los miembros del Órgano de Apelación, junto con otros 126  Miembros y, ii)  en la 
negociación del Procedimiento Arbitral Multipartes de  Apelación Provisional (MPIA ), para 
proporcionar una solución temporal al impasse de la instancia de apelación.  
2.37.   Consciente de la necesidad de fomentar discusiones que atiendan los nuevos desafíos del 
comercio, México participa de manera constructiva en la s iniciativas conjuntas relacionadas con el 
comercio electrónico, la facilitación de las inversiones, la reglamentación nacional de los servicios, 
mipymes, así como en la iniciativa relativa a comercio y sostenibilidad ambiental.  
2.38.   Con ello, México busca mejorar y transparentar medidas que alienten el comercio de servicios, 
apoyar la participación de las mipymes en el comercio mundial, crear un entorno comercial más 
eficaz, previsible y propicio a las inversiones, así como sumar esfu erzos que coadyuven en la 
transición hacia una economía verde y para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.  
2.39.   Justamente, en este contexto y conscientes de que los graves efectos de la contaminación de 
plásticos requieren de una acción común y urge nte para ampliar y armonizar los esfuerzos globales 
actuales, considero oportuno anunciar hoy la incorporación de México al Diálogo Informal sobre la 
Contaminación Producida por los Plásticos Ambientalmente Sostenibles. México comparte el objetivo 
de logra r resultados concretos, pragmáticos y efectivos en beneficio del medio ambiente.  
2.40.   No omito destacar, como parte de los resultados de la CM12, el reciente y contundente 
reconocimiento de los Ministros al empoderamiento económico de las mujeres y la contribuc ión de 
las mipymes al crecimiento inclusivo y sostenible, ambos temas prioritarios en la agenda de México. 
Por ello, con el fin de contribuir a la cooperación internacional en comercio y género, México, en  2021 
se unió al Grupo de Acción de Comercio Inclus ivo (ITAG) y al Acuerdo Global de Comercio y Género 
(GTAGA). En el mismo año, se unió a la iniciativa SheTrades Outlook del  Centro de Comercio 
Internacional. Asimismo, participa activamente en el Grupo Técnico de Género dentro de la Alianza 
del Pacífico y en el Grupo de Trabajo Informal sobre Comercio y Género de la OMC.  
2.41.   Por otra parte, México continúa comprometido con la labor de fomentar la participación de las 
mipymes en el comercio internacional. Desde el pasado examen, el Gobierno ha puesto en marcha 
diversas acciones encaminadas a apoyar y capacitar a las mipymes mexicanas para una mayor y 
mejor integración a la economía digital y a los mercados internacionales por medio del desarrollo de 
habilidades empresariales, ruedas virtuales de negocio, y el uso  de herramientas y plataformas 
digitales. De igual manera, México apoya activamente en la OMC los trabajos del Grupo Informal 
sobre las mipymes.  
2.42.   Ante un escenario de iniciativas unilaterales y con trasfondo proteccionista, México reconoce 
la importancia de l comercio como herramienta central para el crecimiento y el desarrollo económicos 
y reafirma su compromiso con un sistema multilateral de comercio abierto, funcional y transparente.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  2.43.   Continuaremos impulsando propuestas que permitan a la OMC enfrentar adec uadamente las 
actuales realidades y desafíos del comercio internacional y participando activamente en las 
discusiones encaminadas a una muy necesaria reforma de la OMC. De la misma forma, lo hará en 
las negociaciones pendientes de subsidios a la pesca, la extensión de la excepción a las vacunas 
contra el COVID -19, la moratoria a transmisiones electrónicas, así como en las deliberaciones para 
dar cauce a una posible negociación de disciplinas para la agricultura.  
2.44.   Por último, reitero nuestro agradecimiento po r la oportunidad de presentar las prioridades y 
la evolución de las políticas comerciales de México, y a los Miembros por su activa participación en 
este ejercicio que sin duda promueve la transparencia, la coherencia interinstitucional del país 
examinado y el cumplimiento con las obligaciones y reglas de esta casa, así como el mejor 
funcionamiento del sistema multilateral del comercio.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  Me gustaría comenzar dando u na cálida bienvenida a la delegación de México liderada por la 
Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior, Luz María de la Mora Sánchez; también al muy distinguido 
Embajador Villalobos y a su equipo de la Misión Permanente ante la OMC.  
3.2.  México es una economía mund ial significativa y un devoto defensor del multilateralismo y la 
OMC, además de tener un compromiso muy importante en iniciativas de comercio bilateral, regional 
y de integración económica. Fue un privilegio, a nivel personal, fungir como Embajadora de Nue va 
Zelandia en México entre 2013 y 2017 y me complace profundamente ponente en su séptimo 
examen de las políticas comerciales.  
3.3.  Trade policy reviews would not be possible without the detailed work of delegations and the 
Secretariat. I would like to thank bo th Mexico and the Secretariat for their comprehensive Reports, 
which enable Members to form a wider and deeper understanding of Mexico's trade and economic 
policies.  
3.4.  I would like to focus my comments today around three broad themes, which I hope will form 
a sound basis for our discussion.  
3.5.  Firstly, I would like to comment briefly on Mexico's economic performance during the period 
under review.  
3.6.  The global economy has had to grapple with the shocks and strains of the COVID -19 pandemic 
during the review period.  For Mexico, these have been years of severe economic challenge, which 
have impeded its economic growth. During Mexico's previous TPR period, 2012 -2017, GDP expanded 
at an annual average rate of 2.5%. Members noted the contribution to this result of a comb ination 
of sound macroeconomic management, ambitious structural reform and initiatives to diversify trade, 
as well as significant inward foreign investment. Growth began to slow thereafter and in 2020, GDP 
sharply contracted by 8.2 %, as the impacts of the pandemic on production, consumption and 
employment spread through the economy. All sectors were hit hard, but the services industries were 
most affected, contracting from 60.1% share of GDP share to 58.4% in 2021. A growth surge of 
4.8% during 2021 has ena bled Mexico to maintain its growth trajectory on the positive side of the 
ledger, for the review period as a whole.  
3.7.  The Mexican government's response to the pandemic focused on three principal elements; 
maintaining overall macroeconomic stability, support for the beleaguered health sector to contain 
and treat the pandemic, and support measures for Mexican households and businesses. The OECD's 
Economic Survey of Mexico published in February  2022 has commended the actions taken by Mexico 
to safeguard macroeco nomic stability throughout the pandemic, by maintaining a solid 
macroeconomic policy base, underpinned by innovative debt management, sound monetary policy 
and a flexible exchange rate regime.  
3.8.  Other support measures introduced by Mexico to mitigate the adv erse economic effects of the 
pandemic were not targeted specifically toward s particular industries, but instead focused 
predominantly on Mexican families and small business, MSMEs in particular. An array of schemes 
and programmes were established, includin g to increase overall liquidity in the economy, provide 
new digital tools for small businesses, extend credit and defer loans, enable small businesses to 
retain employees, and support access to business premises and family housing.  
3.9.  Mexico's trajectory to e conomic recovery by the end of the review period is promising, despite 
the ongoing challenges of the pandemic, and the high inflationary pressures to which most of the 
world's economics are currently exposed. In addition to its macroeconomic stability, tra de and 
investment growth is steady, with trade growth exceeding pre -pandemic levels by 2021 and inwards 
investment flows now approaching those levels, with Mexico continuing to feature amongst the 
world's top 10 investment destinations, according to UNCTAD 's World Investment Report of 2022. 
The services sector is recovering more slowly from its battering by the pandemic, but within it, the 
critical tourism industry is again making strong gains.  
3.10.   As the second theme of my comments, I'd like to reflect on Mexi co's key trade policy priorities 
during the period of the review.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  3.11.   Mexico traditionally views trade as a key driver of its economy and this has continued to be 
the case throughout the review period. Mexico's contribution to world trade is grounded in the WT O. 
It is a founding Member of the Organization and attaches considerable importance to a 
well-functioning rules -based international trading system. Its commitment to the promotion and 
advancement of the Organization is evidenced by its active and high -value contribution to all aspects 
of the Organization's work, including providing Chairpersons for regular and negotiating bodies over 
the years, and its participation in JSIs to examine new issues. During the review period, Mexico 
established its National Tra de Facilitation Committee, which oversees implementation of the TFA. 
Mexico is not a member of the Government Procurement Agreement, nor of the Information 
Technology Agreement. It might  wish to reflect on this, given its commitment to supporting the 
system and its experience of negotiations on these issues at the bilateral and regional level, which 
could be shared with the WTO membership.  
3.12.   The strategic objectives for Mexico's trade policy agenda are set out in the National 
Development Plan for 2019 -2024 an d the Sectoral Programme for the Economy for 2020 -2024. They 
are, broadly, to promote foreign trade, defend Mexico's trade interests and negotiate, implement 
and administer trade agreements. The opportunity that participating in trade creates for stimulati ng 
innovation, productivity and competitiveness within Mexican enterprises is well -recogni zed. 
3.13.   Within those policy parameters, two issues appear to be particular preoccupations. One 
focuses outward, on diversification of markets, and one inward, on inclusi on, or ensuring that the 
benefits of participation in international trade are available to communities, sectors and regions 
which have not traditionally enjoyed them. In this respect Mexico has much in common with 
New Zealand and several other Members whic h have embarked on parallel journeys over the same 
period.  
3.14.   Mexico is enormously committed to regional trade initiatives and its key markets remain 
highly concentrated within the Americas. The entry into force of the T -MEC/CUSMA/USMCA during 
2020 is a major  development of the review period. The upgrades and expansions of other regional 
partnerships and agreements, such as with Ecuador and Argentina, and the Pacific Alliance are also 
significant. Equally, the steps taken by Mexico to integrate more closely wi th the Asia -Pacific region 
through the conclusion of CPTPP, and entry into force for eight of its members, are an important 
declaration of intent on diversification, and on embedding Mexico within the supplies chains of that 
dynamic region. It is further w orth noting that during the review period Mexico upgraded its 
agreement with the EU, launched negotiations with the U nited Kingdom  and the Republic of Korea 
and as a Pacific Alliance member, concluded negotiations with Singapore. This is an impressive set 
of achievements during a time of considerable pressure for Mexico's state sector officials.  
3.15.   A final feature of Mexico's trade policy during the review period I would like to note is the 
commendable emphasis placed by the Government of Mexico on gender incl usion and the 
participation of MSMEs in international trade. Domestic inclusion efforts are buttressed by Mexico's 
active participation in regional fora and within the WTO's Informal Working Groups on Trade and 
Gender, and MSME s. New  Zealand has welcomed M exico's decision to affiliate itself with the Inclusive 
Trade Action Group and the Global Trade and Gender Arrangement.  
3.16.   Finally, I'd like to turn to issues highlighted at this year's TPR.  
3.17.   With approximately 800 questions submitted by Members, it's safe to say that there is 
considerable interest amongst delegations in engaging with Mexico's seven th Trade Policy Review . I 
will attempt to pick out some useful examples of issues raised.  
3.18.   Given the global context, it is unsurprising that questions on the economic environment focus 
on programmes developed to fight the COVID -19 pandemic. The Federal Law on Republican Austerity 
is another policy of interest.  
3.19.   In respect of the trade and investment regime, questions cover export diversification and RTA 
rules o f origin, particularly under T -MEC. Mexico's intentions with respect to ITA accession are 
another theme, as is the functioning of Mexico's rules for government procurement. There is interest 
in reforms and restrictions in the foreign investment regime.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  3.20.   There are a range of questions on  measures affecting imports. The relationship between the 
creation of the National Customs Agency (ANAM) and procedures and requirements for determining 
the value of imported goods, as well as continued requirements to use customs brokers, is of 
interest. Further information is sought on the criteria for the economic analysis to determine the 
necessity to impose an import restriction. SPS measures are another area of focus . 
3.21.   On Sectoral Policies, the agriculture sector and support programmes and incentives p rovided 
to it are an enduring interest from the last review period. Further information is sought, for example, 
on the priorities of the National Development Plan in respect of "food self -sufficiency" and definitions 
of "sustainable production practi ces". Clean energy strategies and the sustainability of PEMEX are 
another sector of interest, as is Mexico's reforms to its Mining Law (April  2022), including the 
nationali zation of lithium and the creation of a state -run lithium agency. Questions have been 
subm itted on services sector policies in financial services, telecommunications, air and maritime 
transport and port services and in respect of tourism, on access to FONATUR's investment financing.  
3.22.   These are of course only a snapshot of the questions submitted , and I now look forward to a 
fruitful and constructive exchange amongst the membership.  
3.23.   I would like therefore to bring my comments to a close, by thanking the delegation of Mexico, 
Under secretary de  la Mora and Ambassador Villalobos for the opportunity t o act as discussant today. 
I congratulate Mexico on its extensive and valuable contribution to the WTO and the rules -based 
trading system at large. I wish Mexico a successful and constructive seven th Trade Policy Review . 
  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA  
4.1.  At the outset, I would like to extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Mexico headed 
by H.E.  Ms Luz Mar ía de la Mora Sánchez, Undersecretary for Foreign Trade of Mexico.  
4.2.  The Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia also wishes to thank the Government o f Mexico and the 
Secretariat of the WTO for their detailed Reports. We also thank the discussant H.E . Ms Clare Kelly 
Ambassador and Permanent Representative of New  Zealand to the WTO for her introductory 
remarks.  
4.3.  The Secretariat Report highlights that afte r being badly affected by COVID -19 pandemic, 
in 2021, the Mexican economy rebounded, with GDP growth of around 4.8%, thanks in large part to 
the measures adopted to deal with the pandemic, which were aimed primarily at assisting the 
hardest -hit families and businesses.  
4.4.  We would like to commend Mexico for promoting export diversification and women's 
empowerment, actively participating in the WTO negotiations and discussions on new trade -related 
topics, creating the Mexican National Customs Agency (ANAM) in 2021, continuing to implement 
measures to facilitate trade, such as electronic customs clearance (paperless customs), the use of 
consolidated customs forms and the improvement of the Single Window for Mexican Foreign Trade, 
and wider opening its economy as three new treaties have entered into force for Mexico since 2017.  
4.5.  We congratulate Mexico for the significant reduction in the number of tariff lines during the 
review period, continuing to implement export promotion programmes, through which it offers tariff 
and tax concessions, particularly to the manufacturing sector which accounted for more than 85% 
of total exports, strengthening the industrial property rights regime by issuing the Federal Law on 
Industrial Property Protection in 2020.  
4.6.  The Ki ngdom of Saudi  Arabia enjoys friendly relationship with Mexico. In March  2022, the 
Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia and Mexico held a Saudi -Mexican business forum in Riyadh to enhance 
trade, economic and investment cooperation especially in light of the strong rela tionship between 
the two friendly countries.  
4.7.  From bilateral front, trade exchange between the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia and Mexico reached 
about SAR 3.6 billion in 2021. Vehicles, electrical equipment, machinery appliances are the most 
exported products from  Mexico to the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia while plastics, glass and glassware, 
aluminium are the most imported products by Mexico from the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia.  
4.8.  We submitted a few questions to the delegation of Mexico, and we thank them for the responses 
received which are currently been reviewed at the capital, and we will accordingly follow -up if 
necessary.  
4.9.  Before I conclude, I would like to thank H.E . Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez , Ambassador and 
Permanent Representative of Mexico to the WTO and his dist inguished team for the excellent 
cooperation between our two missions here in Geneva which serves our mutual interests and 
commend him for his leading role as a chair for the TPRB this year.  
4.10.   In closing, the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia wishes the delegation of Mexico a very successful 
Trade Policy Review.  
SINGAPORE  
4.11.   Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to Undersecretary for Foreign Trade , 
Luz María de la Mora Sanchez, and the delegation from Mexico. Singapore would like to express our 
appreciation to Mex ico for its comprehensive Government Report and statement and thank 
Ambassador Athaliah  Molokomme (Botswana) for chairing this meeting. We are also grateful to 
Discussant Ambassador Clare  Kelly (New  Zealand) for her insightful remarks and the Secretariat f or 
its comprehensive Report. Allow me to make three points.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.12.   First, Singapore and Mexico enjoy substantive trade and economic relations. As one of the 
15 largest economies in the world and the second largest economy in Latin America, Mexico is an 
important  trading partner of Singapore. Mexico was Singapore 's third  largest trading partner in Latin 
America and the Caribbean in 2021. Our bilateral trade has grown by 70% over the last decade to 
reach US D 5.5 billion in 2021, while trade in services amounted to US D 2.2 billion in 2020. Both 
Singapore and Mexico recogni ze the benefits of strengthening free trade and have signed numerous 
regional trade agreements, such as the CPTPP, and Singapore -Pacific Alliance Free Trade Agreement. 
Upon its entry int o force, Singapore will become the first Associated State of the Pacific Alliance. 
This will enable Singapore and Mexico to tap into the economic potential of ASEAN and the 
Pacific  Alliance countries. Singapore looks forward to continue deepening and broad ening our trade 
and economic relations with Mexico.  
4.13.   Second, we commend Mexico 's concerted efforts to bring about post -pandemic economic 
recovery. According to the Secretariat 's Report, Mexico 's GDP shrunk by 8.2% in 2020 but 
rebounded in 2021 with a GDP gr owth of close to 4.8%. This can be attributed to government 
measures which provided support to families and businesses, especially small and medium 
enterprises. Additionally, as part of Mexico 's forward -looking policy to embrace digitali zation through 
its National Digital Strategy 2021 -2024, these measures included the expansion of digiti zation of 
services for administrative procedures for imports and agri -food exports to ensure that trade 
remained uninterrupted. E -governance and digital inclusion are also key features of the strategy and 
will help to create a more conducive business eco -system. Singapore shares a similar interest in 
promoting access to, and the use of digital resources and we look forward to expanding our 
collaboration in this area.  
4.14.   At the  same time, there is room for further liberalisation of Mexico 's Foreign Direct Investment 
regime. For example, there have not been any changes to FDI caps since 2017. In this regard, 
Singapore had posed a question regarding Mexico 's foreign investment reg ime, and we thank Mexico 
for its response.  
4.15.   Third, as fellow founding Members of the WTO, Singapore and Mexico share a strong 
commitment to strengthen the rules -based multilateral trading system. We are pleased that Mexico 
is an active participant in the v arious Joint Statement Initiatives at the WTO, including the JSIs on 
MSMEs, e-commerce, investment facilitation, and services domestic regulation. We are further 
encouraged that Mexico established the National Trade Facilitation Committee in January  2021 t o 
implement the Agreement on Trade Facilitation which it ratified in 2016. We would also encourage 
Mexico to participate in the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) and the Information 
Technology Agreement (ITA).  
4.16.   In closing, Singapore looks forward to continue working closely with Ambassador Ángel 
Villalobos Rodríguez  and the Permanent Mission of Mexico in Geneva to further strengthen the WTO. 
In fact, Ambassador Villalobos ' willingness to take on the TPR Chair und erscores Mexico 's 
commitment to supporting the WTO. I wish Mexico every success for its seventh  TPR. 
COLOMBIA  
4.17.   Saludamos atentamente a la delegación de México, encabezada por la Señora Subsecretaria 
de Comercio Exterior, Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez  y a todo su equipo  de capital y en Ginebra .  
4.18.   Agradecemos el completo análisis y comentarios presentados por la ponente, la Embajadora 
Clare Kelly de Nueva  Zeland ia. Los pertinentes elementos expuestos han contribuido a enriquecer 
de manera significativa esta discusión. Igualmente reconocemos el dedicado trabajo de la Secretaría 
y las autoridades mexicanas en la elaboración de los Informes.  
4.19.   Colombia y México somos países hermanos. Históricamente, ambos territorios albergaron 
culturas indígenas e historias para lelas luego de 1492, tanto durante la conquista como en el proceso 
de independencia. En efecto, el 10 de  octubre de  1821, unos días después de la consumación de la 
independencia de México, Colombia se convirtió en el primer país de todo el mundo en reconoc er 
este evento. Existe un fuerte lazo fraternal entre las dos naciones, tanto a nivel cultural, como 
económico e institucional.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.20.   México es un país de enorme importancia para Colombia y para la OMC. México es el 
11o exportador mundial y el primero en Iberoam érica y su red de 13  tratados de libre comercio con 
50 países vinculan a la economía mexicana con más de 1.300  millones de consumidores. En el 
año 1994, Colombia y Venezuela suscribieron con México un acuerdo comercial denominado Tratado 
del Grupo de los T res (TLC -G3), el cual entró en vigor en enero  de 1995.  En agosto  de 2009, 
Colombia y México culminaron trabajos de adecuación del Acuerdo, el cual se ajustó a las nuevas 
realidades comerciales y en junio  de 2010 se suscribió el Protocolo Modificatorio que entró en vigor 
en agosto  de 2011. Las dos naciones somos parte de la Alianza del Pacífico.  
4.21.   En términos de la relación bilateral, tradicionalmente, la balanza comercial con México es 
deficitaria para Colombia. Durante el periodo enero -julio 2022,  los princi pales productos exportados 
desde Colombia fueron: coques y semicoques de hulla  (19%), hullas  (11%), aceite de palma  (7%) 
y polímeros de propileno  (5%).  
4.22.   En cuanto a importaciones,  los principales productos importados desde México a Colombia 
fueron: televisores  (11%), automóviles  (8%), camiones  (4%), tractores  (4%) y computadores  
(4%).  
4.23.   En suma, Colombia exporta a México una importante cantidad de productos primarios e 
importa desde México una significativa cantidad de bienes industriales.  
4.24.   En cuanto a IED, la inversión de Colombia en México  es creciente y tiene un acumulado de 
acumulado de USD  4.684  millones  desde 1994. La IED de México en Colombia registra un acumulado 
de USD 7.158  millones desde 1994 . 
4.25.   También es muy relevante el sector del turismo q ue experimenta un gran dinamismo y tasas 
de crecimiento sobresalientes. México es el segundo emisor de turistas a Colombia, y Colombia es 
el tercer país de turistas en territorio azteca.  
4.26.   Para México, considerar Colombia es una oportunidad para su diversif icación, ya que, de sus 
exportaciones, más de tres cuartas  partes se dirigen a los Estados  Unidos, de modo que, teniendo 
en cuenta las relaciones de vecindad y los lazos comunes, Colombia ofrece una excelente 
oportunidad de ampliar sus relaciones comercial es, y viceversa. Los flujos comerciales seguramente 
van a ir incrementando al amparo de los Tratados de Libre Comercio existentes.  
4.27.   Para este EPC, Colombia agradece a México las respuestas a las preguntas que hicimos sobre 
su estrategia de promoción y diver sificación de exportaciones de productos agropecuarios, incentivos 
a diversos sectores productivos, subvenciones industriales, soporte domestico agrícola, entre otros. 
Colombia hizo un importante número de preguntas a México, pero esto no es sino una muest ra de 
lo importante que resulta México para nosotros. México es en muchos aspectos un modelo a seguir 
para Colombia, además de uno de los representantes de Hispanoamérica en el G20.  
4.28.   Finalizo agradeciendo a la Señora Subsecretaria, a la delegación mexicana  que viene desde 
capital , así como  también al Embajador Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez  y a todo el equipo de la Misión 
de México ante la OMC, con quienes tenemos las mejores relaciones de amistad y trabajo mutuo.  
Les deseamos un exitoso examen de políticas com erciales.  
CANADA  
4.29.   I would like to extend a very warm welcome to the Mexican delegation here today and thank 
them and the WTO Secretariat for the preparatory work they have done for this Trade Policy Review.  
4.30.   Canada and Mexico share a close, vibrant and multifaceted relationship – and one that is 
anchored in trade. Three facts that the membership might not be aware of:  
i. Mexico is Canada's third  largest single -country merchandise trading partner ; 
ii. there are over 60 Canadian car part companies operating in Mexico, with over 130 plants 
in 14 states, employing approximately 30,000  Mexicans ; and WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  iii. not only are Canada and Mexico partners in the trilateral North  American Trade Agreement 
that in Canada call CUSMA and that in Mexico they call T -MEC, we also share membership 
in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans Pacific Partnership, at the 
OECD, at the G20 – and of course here at the WTO.  
4.31.   This third "fun fact ", while perhaps not qualifying as an "unknown " to many and certainly not 
to those in this room, I think it warrants underscoring, because our active and sustained 
collaboration in these numerous multilateral fora is evidence of Canada and Mexico 's shared 
commitment to multilateralism and specifically t o the multilateral trading system. Canada welcomes 
this continued partnership with Mexico and we welcome our collaboration at various junctures and 
in various for a to provide, the facts around why trade matters and how it has delivered for many 
around the world. I have personal fond memories of traversing the southeast US  with my Mexican 
colleague, Javier D íaz de León, when I was Canada 's Consul General to the region, talking loudly 
and proudly about the importance of trade, of integrated supply chains and of a rules -based trading 
system to hold everything together, globally. It is a pleasure to now be in Geneva and to have the 
opportunity to work with Mexico to do the same here – with an emphasis on the global and perhaps 
with a renewed sense of urgency.  
4.32.   Our partnership at the WTO is just as important as in others, if not more, even. And our 
strong collaboration in all the Joint Statement Initiatives and on emerging issues such as the TESSD, 
demonstrates our close alignment in ensuring that the WTO remains r elevant and responsive to the 
21st century trading environment.  
4.33.   I would also take the opportunity to express Canada 's appreciation to Mexico for its 
commitment to fulfilling its notification obligations in this house, and its participation in the 
Multi-party Interim Appeal  Arbitration Arrangement, which is currently the best means for Members 
to safeguard their rights to binding dispute settlement with access to appellate review.  
4.34.   It is because of the close relationship that Canada and Mexico have, that I a m confident that 
the two countries will continue to work together to resolve matters that can further undermine the 
Mexican investment climate, including recent domestic measures within the agriculture, energy and 
mining sectors. Canada is an important inv estor in Mexico and all investors need a stable and 
predictable business environment in order to compete on a level playing field. Canadian investors 
are no different in this regard.  
4.35.   Again, a warm welcome to the Mexican delegation and we look forward to a  productive 
discussion on all aspects of Mexico 's trade policy.  
HONG  KONG,  CHINA  
4.36.   I would like to start by welcoming the delegation of Mexico led by Ms  Luz Mar ía de la Mora 
Sánchez, Undersecretary for Foreign Trade. I would also like to thank Ambassador Clare  Kelly of 
New Zealand  for her comments as discussant, and the Secretariat for the comprehensive Report.  
4.37.   Hong Kong,  China greatly values our bilateral relations with Mexico, who is our largest trading 
partner in Latin  America. During the review period, our bilateral merchandise trade grew steadily at 
an annuali zed rate of 7.7%, reaching US D 6.1 billion in 2021. It is particularly encouraging to note 
that, despite the uncertainties in the global trading environment during the past two years , our 
bilateral trade has increased by 32.8%.  
4.38.   We are also pleased that the Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement between 
Hong Kong, China  and Mexico entered into force last year, which should encourage further growth 
and collaboration between our two economies.  
4.39.   Here in Geneva, Mexico is our close working partner who shares the same commitment to the 
rules-based multilateral trading system. We appreciate Mexico 's role in spearheading a joint proposal 
widely supported by over 120  WTO Members (includi ng Hong  Kong,  China) to urge early 
appointment of members of the Appellate Body. We also appreciate Mexico 's active participation in 
various Joint Statement Initiatives and look forward to working even more closely with Mexico on 
issues of mutual interests . WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.40.   We have the following observations on Mexico 's trade policy regime.  
4.41.   First, Mexico has introduced various customs and trade facilitation measures during the review 
period, such as setting up a National Trade Facilitation Committee, introducing an electron ic customs 
clearance system, and easing the import procedures for COVID -19 related products. However, we 
note that importers are now required to appoint a customs broker, a customs agency or a legal 
representative (who must hold Mexican nationality) to han dle customs clearance, whereas engaging 
such services was optional during the previous review period and importers could carry out customs 
clearance formalities direct. Since the recovery in global trade is still fragile, we urge Mexico to 
exercise restrai nt when introducing more trade -restrictive measures.  
4.42.   Second, tariff. We are pleased to note that Mexico has bound all of its tariff lines and 
maintained ad valorem  rates for 99.4% of its tariff lines. However, tariffs remained comparatively 
high for severa l products. For agricultural products, while the average tariff dropped from 14.3% to 
13.2% during the review period, the duties on sugar, confectionery and dairy products stood at 
30%. For non -agriculture products, the average tariff rose from 4.6% to 5.9 % during the review 
period, with clothing and footwear being subject to average tariffs of 21.4% to 30%. We would urge 
Mexico to review and lower its applied MFN rates for further trade liberalisation.  
4.43.   Third, technical regulations and standards. During the  review period, Mexico published 174  
technical regulations which were mandatory for both domestic and imported products. In accordance 
with Mexican law, such technical regulations should be based on international standards, but we 
note that not all of them  (only 20 out of these 174 regulations) could meet this requirement. As 
such, we would urge Mexico to adopt international standards as far as possible to minimi ze 
unnecessary obstacles to trade.  
4.44.   Finally, services. Notwithstanding the impact of the pandemic , the services sector remained 
a major contributor to Mexico 's economy, accounting for 58.4% of its GDP in 2021. We appreciate 
Mexico 's efforts to increase competition and promote foreign investment in different services sectors, 
including financial servic es and transport services. We would encourage Mexico to continue 
liberali zation of its services trade regime for foreign investment, for instance, by reviewing any 
restrictive market -access condition, and removing or reducing the existing limitations on fo reign 
ownership.  
4.45.   All in all, we congratulate Mexico on its success in tackling the economic challenges, as 
reflected in the re -bounce of its trade and investment sectors, with some actually exceeded their 
pre-pandemic levels. We thank Mexico for the writte n replies to our questions and wish Mexico a 
successful and fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
JAPAN  
4.46.   Japan would like to welcome the delegation of Mexico, headed by H .E. Luz María de  la Mora 
Sánchez, Undersecretary for Foreign Trade, as well as H .E. Ambassador Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez, 
Permanent Representative of Mexico to the WTO —whose dedicated work as Chair of the TPRB we 
very much appreciate. Japan would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat and the Government of 
Mexico for their Reports submit ted for this review process, and the discussant, Ms  Clare Kelly, 
Ambassador of New  Zealand for her insightful remarks.  
4.47.   In this review period, we acknowledge that the COVID -19 pandemic has had adverse impacts 
on Mexico 's economy. However, in 2021, its GDP g rowth rate rebounded to 4.8%, boosted by its 
fiscal policy targeted at MSMEs, which were significantly impacted by the pandemic. The 
manufacturing sector accounts for over 80% of Mexico 's exports, and its inward direct 
investment  (IDI) is also concentrated  in the manufacturing sector. We commend Mexico 's 
achievement of the largest growth in this sector in Latin  America. We also look forward to Mexico 's 
future efforts to diversify its industries, including in the telecommunications sector, which is expected 
to grow rapidly, in order to promote more stable growth in the Mexican economy.  
4.48.   Regarding Mexico 's trade relations, today, Japan would like to highlight three points.  
4.49.   First, we are pleased to note that Mexico and Japan, with a history of more than 400  years of 
exchange and over 130  years of diplomatic relations, are working closely together in the WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  international arena as strategic global partners who share fundamental values. Since the 
Japan -Mexico EPA came into effect in 2005, bilateral economic relations h ave highly developed and 
trade volume has significantly increased, and the amount of trade volume between our two countries 
has more than doubled in the past 15  years. At the same time, the number of Japanese companies 
operating in Mexico has more than qua drupled and is now the largest in Latin  America at nearly 
1,300  companies. In such an upward context, the maintenance and further improvement of the 
business environment of these enterprises are of vital importance.   
4.50.   Nevertheless, there are problematic si tuations in Mexico 's energy sector, such as delays in 
granting or renewing permits and licen ces. Therefore, we request that further efforts be made 
toward s achieving legal stability in this sector, so as not to damage the investments of Japanese 
companies operating in Mexico, and to enable them to continue their business activities. This issue 
is currently the subject of dispute settlement procedures with the United  States and Canada under 
the USMCA, and we request that the issue be resolved in a manner tha t will benefit the entire power 
sector.  
4.51.   In addition, under the Japan -Mexico EPA, the Committee for the Improvement of the Business 
Environment was held on 2  Februar y 2022. At the Committee, Japan raised the following six issues, 
which are of particular int erest to Japanese companies: ( i) taxation and customs clearance 
(especially requests related to the value -added tax refund system); ( ii) intellectual property and 
standards certification (especially priority review and equivalent recognition for pharmaceut ical 
registration); ( iii) public security; ( iv) labour (especially requests to start negotiations on the Social 
Security Agreement as soon as possible); ( v) logistics and infrastructure; and ( vi) tourism. Given 
the number of outstanding issues, we would li ke to continue engaging in discussions with Mexico 
with a view to resolving all those issues and further strengthening relations between our 
two countries.  
4.52.   Moving on to my second main point, we are pleased to engage in collaboration with Mexico 
to expand t he free, fair , and open economic area in the Asia -Pacific region. We look forward to 
working together with Mexico through APEC and the CPTPP, to ensure that the Asia -Pacific economic 
and trade system continues to function and develop in a transparent and m arket economy -based 
manner.  
4.53.   According to the Government Report, Mexico considers the CPTPP a key pillar of its trade 
policy. We look forward to the role Mexico will play in the steady implementation of the high 
standards and spirit of the CPTPP.  
4.54.   With respe ct to the USMCA, Japan will continue to monitor its potential impact on the business 
environment for foreign companies operating in Mexico. We are particularly interested in 
developments in the USMCA 's dispute settlement mechanism, among other issues such as the rules 
of origin on automobiles and energy policy as mentioned earlier. Therefore, we will continue to 
request that Mexico share relevant information on its implementation of the USMCA, with a view to 
maintaining its transparency and predictabil ity. 
4.55.   In spite of the aforementioned challenges, we highly appreciate Mexico 's efforts to actively 
promote trade liberalization. We look forward to the thorough implementation by Mexico of its RTAs, 
which will serve to complement the multilateral trading sy stem.  
4.56.   Coming now to my third and final point, we welcome Mexico 's active engagement in the 
negotiations at the WTO. In particular, we value its participation and contribution to the Joint 
Statement Initiatives (JSIs). Japan believes that such negotiations by willing and committed 
Members are critical for maintaining and strengthening the multilateral trading system centred on 
the WTO. With this in mind, we highly appreciate Mexico 's leading the launch of the Trade4MSMEs 
platform. In this vein, we also appre ciate Mexico 's inclusion of MSMEs -related information in its 
Report, in accordance with the recommendation from the working group. We believe this information 
enhances transparency and provides examples of good practice.  
4.57.   In addition, as described in the Se cretariat 's Report, Mexico has fulfilled the notification 
obligation under the WTO agreement in various sectors since the last review in 2017. We commend 
Mexico for its proactive contribution to greater transparency.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.58.   In conclusion, we hope that Mexico 's presence in the WTO will be further enhanced by 
advancing its policies in favour of free trade. Japan would like to continue cooperating with Mexico 
as a valued strategic global partner.  
4.59.   Finally, we wish the delegation of Mexico a very successful and fruitfu l Trade Policy Review.  
DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC  
4.60.   Please allow me to praise Mexico for producing an in -depth assessment of its trade policies 
and practices. One of the WTO 's most important functions is to promote transparency –crucial for 
supporting a fair and eff icient global trading system. The trade policy review process also grants 
countries the opportunity to contemplate their changing economic policy and development 
challenges.  
4.61.   As the rest of the world, Mexico confronted challenging developments during the pe riod under 
review: the economy 's output fell by around 8% in 2020, according to the IMF 's latest Country 
Report (No.  2021/240). Still, the current account of the balance of payments registered a positive 
value in 2020 -with exports of manufactures (about o ne third of GDP) remaining stable as a share 
of total output.  
4.62.   Many challenges lie ahead for Mexico and the global economy. Preserving macroeconomic 
stability is fundamental; to that end, the Bank of Mexico more than doubled its reference monetary 
policy in terest rate (the target for the overnight interbank funding rate) during the past 15  months , 
from 4.25% in June  2021 to 9.25% at the end of September  2022.  
4.63.   Let me to conclude by stating that Mexico 's 2022 Trade Policy Review will be a valuable 
reference for its policymakers and for the international community in the face of an unusually 
complex economic environment.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.64.   Primero que nada, quisiera dar una cálida bienvenida a la distinguida delegación del Gobierno 
de México y nuestras fe licitaciones por la pronta conclusión de su séptimo examen de las políticas 
comerciales.  
4.65.   Together with Canada, the United  States and Mexico recommitted to our longstanding 
economic and trade partnership through our new trade agreement, the 
United  States -Mexico -Canada Agreement (USMCA), which entered into force in July  2020. The 
USMCA maintains the zero tariffs between the United  States and Mexico under the original North 
American Free Trade Agreement, and modernizes our trading relationship through  important new 
commitments, including those covering digital trade, cross border trade in services and financial 
services, good regulatory practices, and state -owned enterprises. The USMCA also includes 
state-of-the art commitments for labour and environme ntal protections.  
4.66.   Mexico 's trade regime is of deep interest and importance to the United  States given our shared 
border and significant trade. In 2021, Mexico was the United  States ' second largest trading partner, 
with two -way trade in goods and services totalling USD 718.8  billion.  
4.67.   Since its last TPR, Mexico has taken steps to implement the USMCA 's advanced commitments 
through the enactment of new laws, including the 2020 Quality Infrastructure Law, which updates 
Mexico 's regime for standards, technical r egulations, and conformity assessment to implement the 
provisions related to technical barriers to trade and elements of good regulatory practices.   
4.68.   In addition, in 2020, Mexico made important changes in passing a new Industrial Property 
Law, and amendmen ts to its Federal Copyright Law and Federal Criminal Code. These reforms 
included improvements in laws addressing protection against the circumvention of technological 
protection measures and rights management information, Internet -service provider liabili ty, satellite 
and cable signal theft and penalties for aiding or abetting these activities, unauthorized camcording 
of movies, and transparency and due process regarding geographical indications.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.69.   Mexico also continues to implement its 2019 labour law refor m, transferring the authority to 
adjudicate labour disputes to new labour courts in Mexico 's judicial branch and the responsibility for 
registering unions and collective bargaining agreements to a new, independent, and specialized 
Federal Center for Concil iation and Labor Registration. The United  States continues to support 
Mexico in its efforts to fully implement this reform, so that workers in both Mexico and the 
United  States are better able to organize freely and support the union of their choice.  
4.70.   At the same time, despite our progress after two years of implementing the USMCA, the 
number and scope of concerns we hear from US stakeholders about Mexico, many directly 
implicating important USMCA obligations, has not stopped and remains concerning.  
4.71.   Mexico 's energy policy has gained international attention, and is negatively impacting Mexico 's 
investment climate. We urge Mexico to take steps to address well -documented concerns with regard 
to certain measures favouring its state -owned electrical utility and oil and gas companies over 
private investors. These measures are damaging Mexico 's well -earned reputation as a safe haven 
for international investment, and are damaging confidence in our integrated economies broadly and 
Mexico 's efforts to meet its Paris c ommitments.  
4.72.   In addition, we have serious concerns about efforts to weaken the political autonomy of 
independent regulators in Mexico, as well as efforts to undermine the impartiality of regulatory 
bodies, including through changes to the practices of overs ight bodies such as the National 
Commission for Regulatory Improvement (CONAMER) and with specific regulatory agencies. The 
United  States and Mexico share important obligations on good regulatory practices in the USMCA, 
and we urge Mexico to ensure that re gulatory agencies maintain transparent processes and allow 
notice and comment periods for planned regulatory actions, and for regulators to evaluate comments 
received.  
4.73.   We also highlight the United  States and Mexico 's shared obligation to maintain science - and 
risk-based regulatory processes, and urge Mexico to address what are now longstanding concerns 
about unwarranted delays for applications for agricultural biotechnology products and decisions that 
appear to not be based on scientific risk assessment.  
4.74.   Moreover, while Mexico has undertaken efforts to simplify customs procedures, there 
continues to be room for Mexico to make additional improvements, including with respect to 
implementing its USMCA obligation to not limit the number of ports where a broker can operate, as 
well as improving consolidation of express shipments, and transparency regarding new requirements 
for a "Complement " to existing electronic invoice requirements on transportation services.  
4.75.   In the area of intellectual property protection an d enforcement, despite positive 
achievements, the United  States notes that there remain concerns, including with respect to 
enforcement against counterfeiting and piracy, enforcement of IP  rights in the digital environment, 
dedication of government resourc es to IP  enforcement, pre -established damages for copyright 
infringement and trademark counterfeiting, and transparency and due process regarding 
geographical indications.  
4.76.   In conclusion, the United  States commends Mexico for its commitment to the TPR proce ss. 
We look forward to continuing to engage with Mexico to further strengthen our trade relationship 
and more fully implement our new agreement by addressing the serious concerns we have 
highlighted here.  
COSTA  RICA 
4.77.   Me complace saludar a la delegación de México, encabezada por la Excelentísima 
Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior, Sra.  Luz María de  la Mora,  al Embajador Ángel Villalobos  y a los 
demás miembros que integran la delegación; también  a la Excelentísima Embajadora de 
Nueva  Zeland ia ante la OMC y ponente  de este examen, Sra.  Clare Kelly; y a todos los aquí 
presentes.  Agradecemos a la Secretaría por su amplio y claro informe . 
4.78.   Para mí es un enorme placer participar en este examen de las política s comercial es, el primero 
desde mi reciente nombramiento de regreso a  Ginebra . Quisiera iniciar destacando que, México  ha 
sido históricamente  un socio y un aliado estratégico para Costa  Rica.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
- 21 - 
 
  4.79.   Desde el inicio de nuestras relaciones diplomáticas , hace más de 180  años, hemos trabajado 
por estrechar lo s lazos de hermandad que nos unen. Compartimos objetivos comunes en materia de 
comercio exterior, en el marco multilateral, a nivel regional y en nuestra agenda bilateral, orientados 
a facilitar el comercio entre nuestros países. Nuestro intercambio comerc ial y de inversión han tenido 
una evolución significativa, particularmente, desde la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio 
en 1995, siendo México nuestro primer socio bilateral con el que suscribimos un acuerdo comercial.  
4.80.   Desde ese momento nuestro  intercambio bilateral ha aumentado más de nueve veces; 
en 2021 fuimos el segundo destino de las exportaciones mexicanas a Centroamérica; también se 
destaca, en la última década, que México ha sido el tercer origen de inversión extranjera en 
Costa  Rica  
4.81.   El fortalecimiento de las relaciones comerciales a nivel regional también se ha intensificado 
con el tiempo a través del proceso de convergencia de los tratados comercial que México tenía 
vigentes con Centroamérica, logrando en 2011 contar con un instrumento  comercial adaptado a 
reglas modernas y a las realidades productivas de la región.  
4.82.   En el ámbito multilateral, reconocemos el compromiso y la activa participación de México en 
iniciativas conjuntas como reglamentación nacional de los servicios, comercio ele ctrónico y 
facilitación de las inversiones. También destacamos el interés común en temas como agricultura  e 
iniciativas conjuntas sobre el  empoderamiento económico de las mujeres y mipymes . 
4.83.   Resaltamos el liderazgo de México en las discusiones relativas a r enovar el Órgano de 
Apelación, así como en la reforma del Mecanismo de Solución de Controversias de la OMC, temas 
de gran interés para Costa  Rica. 
4.84.   No puedo dejar de mencionar la valiosa presencia de México en las discusiones sobre comercio 
y sostenibilidad  ambiental.  
4.85.    Sobre el examen de las políticas comerciales que se discute hoy, quisiera hacer unas breves 
reflexiones.  
4.86.   Ante el entorn o internacional que enfrentó el comercio mundial en los últimos años, 
destacamos la gran resiliencia de México ante el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID -19. A pesar 
de la contracción de sus importaciones y exportaciones, México logró un superávit en la cuenta 
corriente de su balanza de pagos del 2,4% del PIB.  
4.87.   Costa  Rica comparte con México la importancia de mejorar la tra nsparencia de los trabajos 
regulares de la OMC y en esa línea agradece su más reciente notificación sobre ayudas internas. 
México se encuentra entre los principales Miembros con mayores derechos de subsidios de la OMC, 
por lo que Costa  Rica da la bienvenid a a su posicionamiento responsable en las negociaciones 
agrícolas y al espíritu constructivo que lo ha caracterizado a lo largo del último bienio. Continuaremos 
trabajando con México en la búsqueda de soluciones conjuntas que permitan avanzar en ese tema 
en la OMC . 
4.88.   Ambos países reconocemos la importancia de la facilitación de comercio, en ese sentido, 
instamos a México a continuar trabajando en la implementación de medidas que contribuyan a 
mejorar el tránsito de mercancías, como la optimización de la Venta nilla Única de Comercio Exterior 
Mexicano. Para Costa  Rica, es fundamental fortalecer estas acciones que incentiven un mayor 
intercambio comercial.  
4.89.   En la misma línea, estamos convencidos de que promover un régimen de inversión extranjera 
más abierto contribuirá a incentivar la competencia, y con ello mayores beneficios para los 
consumidores.  
4.90.   En cuanto a la agenda medioambiental, reconocemos la incorp oración de disciplinas en los 
nuevos acuerdos comerciales, conocidos como TIPAT y T -MEC, y no obstante consideramos que para 
cumplir con los compromisos del Acuerdo de Par ís y combatir un problema global como lo es el 
cambio climático, queda trabajo por ha cer para reducir gradualmente la dependencia en los 
combustibles fósiles.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.91.   Así como lo expresamos en el último examen de las políticas comerciales de México, lo 
reiteramos el día de hoy. Es más lo que nos une  que los que nos separa, y muy a pesar de nuestra  
rivalidad en el fútbol, somos países hermanos, con una historia compartida y el anhelo de un futuro 
próspero.  
4.92.   Felicitaciones a México y a la Secretaría por el excelente trabajo que han realizado para este 
ejercicio de transparencia y a la ponente , la Emba jadora  Kelly, por su muy valiosa  intervención.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.93.   On behalf of the European  Union, I would like to welcome Mexico's delegation, led by 
Ms Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, Undersecretary  for Foreign Trade and the discussant, Ambassador 
H.E. Ms Clare Kelly (New  Zealand ) for her introductory words.  
4.94.   Let me start by highlighting that in the EU we qualify our partnership with Mexico as 
"strategic ", meaning that we are committed to working together across many overarching areas of 
policy, ranging fro m economics to trade, social, and political cooperation.  
4.95.   Mexico is the country that led the central and South  American economies to openness in 
the 1990s. It is the first country - in Latin  America - with which the European  Union concluded a 
Global Free T rade Agreement, in force since 2000. Both the EU and Mexico are extremely open 
economies, which have succeeded in resisting protectionist policies and promoted initiatives to 
eliminate barriers to trade. The EU is fully committed to conclude and sign swift ly the moderni zation 
of the EU -Mexico Global Agreement; this will provide a comprehensive and up -to-date framework 
for our relations.  
4.96.   At the same time, we recogni ze that Mexico faces a significant number of challenges. These 
include the need to reduce inc ome inequality internally, and to balance its dependence on the US 
market externally with the discovery of new export markets. Mexico has the ambition to be a reliable 
manufacturing hub supplying both the North and South  American markets. Equally, Mexico 's OECD 
membership is a reflection of its ambitions to become a higher income knowledge -driven economy, 
which the EU very much supports.  
4.97.   Despite the impact of the pandemic, EU -Mexico trade is doing well; the EU is Mexico 's third 
largest trading partner and s econd in terms of Mexican exports. It is important to note also that a 
large share of Mexican imports from the EU are used in the Mexican production value -chain and 
boost Mexican exports. Mexico 's trade to GDP ratio for 2021 was a very high 82% - a 5% incr ease 
from 2020.  
4.98.   European companies have historically been significant investors in the Mexican economy, and 
since 2000 over 40% of foreign direct investment in Mexico has come from the European continent. 
Indeed, accumulated FDI stocks from the EU from 200 0 to 2021 amount to close to USD  200 billion, 
which ranks the EU as the second investor in Mexico.  
4.99.   The international community is facing major geopolitical challenges, above all resulting from 
the Russia n Federation' s brutal aggression in Ukraine, which co ntinues to challenge the rules -based 
international order. We have welcomed Mexico's position at the UN Security Council and the UN 
General Assembly, and encourage Mexico to adopt measures such as dual -use export controls.  
4.100.   Mexico is an active participant i n the work of the WTO and is committed to the multilateral 
trading system. The EU welcomes Mexico 's support for WTO reform, and its participation in the 
Multiparty Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA). We also commend Mexico for its 
participation the Joint Statement Initiatives on Services Domestic Regulation, E -commerce and 
Investment Facilitation, as well as in the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured 
Discussions (TESSD).  
4.101.   We would be remiss if we did not encourage Mexico to join imp ortant agreements of which 
it is not yet a Member, like the Information Technology and Government Procurement Agreement.  
4.102.   The EU would also like to raise some concerns as regards some aspects of Mexico 's trade 
and investment policy. As a general remark, wh ile Mexican legislation is advanced as regards the WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  various aspects of its trade policy, the EU must note shortcomings in the implementation of existing 
legislation, sometimes due to an unclear or uncertain nature of the scope of applicable regulations.  
4.103.   More specifically, the EU is concerned about the deterioration of the investment climate, in 
particular increasing legal uncertainty and some apparent disregard of international obligations. 
Some actions taken, particularly in Mexico 's energy sector, are to the detriment of trade and 
investment, not only in this sector but also across all economic sectors. A return to a more 
inward -looking policy would be fraught in our view with difficulties and setbacks.   
4.104.   A level -playing field is essential in attracting in vestment, and to generate political stability 
and ensure predictability for investors. Discrimination in favour of State -owned enterprises has 
become an unfortunate daily reality faced by EU investors.  
4.105.   Furthermore, more efforts are needed as regards effect ive and unified application of customs 
procedures. In particular, EU operators are concerned with the highly burdensome and costly import 
procedures that often impose disproportional requirements and high quantity of documents. 
Similarly, the EU has signif icant TBT concerns regarding applicable rules on required certification 
and standards, which are often unclear, costly and disproportionate, in particular for spare parts and 
medical devices. The problems seem also to be particularly frequent in relation t o sanitary and 
phytosanitary import authori zations and procedures.  
4.106.   The EU has addressed to Mexico a series of questions seeking clarifications on its intellectual 
property rules and procedures. The EU would see scope for improvements as regards IPR 
enforc ement and protection of geographical indications. Lastly, the EU would encourage Mexico to 
continue its efforts and to progress further in opening up its markets to foreign enterprises in 
particular in the area of government procurement as well as services .  
4.107.   On behalf of the EU, I look forward to a constructive exchange of views during this review 
and I wish Mexico's delegation the utmost success during its Trade Policy Review.  
ARGENTINA  
4.108.   Quisiéramos sumarnos a los Miembros que han dado la bienvenida a la delegación de México, 
encabezada por S.E.  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior.  
4.109.   Agradecemos los informes preparados por México y por la Secretaría, así como a la Excma. 
Embajadora Clare  Kelly por sus comentarios . Estos elementos nos han brindado la información para 
profundizar nuestro entendimiento de las prácticas comerciales y el entorno económico de México.  
4.110.   México es un destacado socio comercial de Argentina con el cual mantenemos excelentes 
relaciones políti cas y una próspera relación comercial. En el último año el comercio bilateral ha 
crecido notablemente, tanto en mercancías como servicios.  
4.111.   Las principales exportaciones argentinas a México son grasas y aceites animales o vegetales; 
vehículos automóviles, sus partes y accesorios; cereales; bebidas; y máquinas, aparatos y artefactos 
mecánicos. México, por su parte, exporta a Argentina vehículos automóviles, sus partes y accesorios; 
máquinas, aparatos y artefactos mecánicos; máquinas, aparatos y material eléc trico y sus partes; 
fundición, hierro y acero; y aceites esenciales y resinoides.  
4.112.   En cuanto a los servicios, las exportaciones de Argentina se concentran principalmente en 
servicios basados en conocimiento, mientras que México nos provee también de servici os basados 
en conocimiento y servicios de turismo o viajes.  
4.113.   Entre los años 2020 y 2021 el comercio bilateral de mercancías creció significativamente. 
Sin embargo, se encuentra aún lejos de su potencial. Es por ello que , reconocemos el potencial 
existente en diversos sectores productivos de ambos países para incrementar el intercambio 
comercial, fortaleciendo las cadenas regionales de suministro. Argentina aspira a incrementar y 
diversificar el comercio agropecuario con México y está comprometida en avanzar  hacia tal fin 
mediante las negociaciones sanitarias pertinentes, para así afianzarnos como un proveedor habitual 
de una mayor diversidad de alimentos.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.114.   Quisiéramos mencionar especialmente la visita del Presidente Alberto  Fernández a México 
en 2021 y la dec laración presidencial suscripta en esa visita, así como el consenso alcanzado en 
marzo de 2022 durante la Reunión del Consejo de la Asociación Estratégica binacional, en la cual se 
definió una ruta de trabajo para 2022.  
4.115.   Confiamos que estos esfuerzos se verán consolidados en la ampliación y profundización del 
Acuerdo de Complementariedad Económica bilateral.  
4.116.   Respecto al entorno económico de México, como señala su informe país, reconocemos los 
desafíos que representó la pandemia y celebramos q ue su estabilidad macroeconómica les haya 
permitido una recuperación rápida y sostenible. En este sentido destacamos las medidas adoptadas 
de apoyo a las mipymes, así como los esfuerzos realizados para diversificar sus exportaciones. 
Asimismo, resaltamos l a importancia de las medidas vinculadas con procedimientos aduaneros y de 
facilitación del comercio. Vemos con satisfacción la información sobre promoción de la participación 
de las mujeres en la economía que ha presentado México en su informe.  
4.117.   Argentina aprecia enormemente las contribuciones de México al sistema multilateral de 
comercio basado en normas y su participación activa en las actividades y órganos de la OMC. Al 
igual que México, Argentina destaca la importancia de contar con un sistema de soluci ón de 
controversias en pleno funcionamiento y operatividad como un mecanismo vinculante que ofrezca 
garantías de que se respetarán las disposiciones actuales y futuras.  
4.118.   Hacemos uso de esta oportunidad para reiterar nuestra intención de trabajar en conjunto  
con México y toda la membresía en el proceso de reforma de la Organización a fin de fortalecer sus 
capacidades para dar respuesta a los desafíos presentes y futuros del comercio internacional, para 
crear un sistema multilateral de comercio más justo y que  atienda las necesidades de los países en 
desarrollo.  
4.119.   Por último, y en el marco de este examen de las política s comercial es, hemos presentado a 
México una serie de preguntas sobre su régimen de importación, incluyendo normas de origen, 
preferencias arance larias, el régimen de inversiones, procedimientos aduaneros, entre otros. 
Agradecemos de antemano las respuestas, la cuales serán debidamente estudiadas por nuestras 
autoridades en Buenos  Aires.  
4.120.   Además de reiterar nuestro reconocimiento por esta nueva opor tunidad de intercambiar 
consideraciones sobre prácticas comerciales de México, permítanos señalar, una vez más, la 
relevancia de este ejercicio de transparencia en todos sus aspectos y desear a las autoridades 
mexicanas una exitosa conclusión del presente examen.  
PHILIPPINES  
4.121.   The Philippines warmly welcomes and congratulates the delegation of Mexico led by Ms Luz 
María de  la Mora Sánchez Undersecretary for Foreign Trade , and Ambassador Ángel Villalobos 
Rodríguez of the Permanent Mission of Mexico to the WTO on their seventh  Trade Policy Review. We 
also thank Ambassador Clare  Kelly of New  Zealand  for her insightful comments as discussant, and 
the WTO Secretariat for its comprehensive Report.  
4.122.   The Philippines enjoys a longstanding relationship with Mexico since the Manila -Acapulco 
Galleon Trade in the 16th century. The Galleon Trade has been regarde d as the earliest manifestation 
of globalization and contributed to the development of trade and exchange of culture across 
continents. Through the years, we have witnessed the growing breadth and depth of 
Philippines -Mexico bilateral cooperation.  
4.123.   In 2021,  Mexico ranked as the Philippines ' 25th trading partner in the world with total 
bilateral trade amounting to USD  927.25  million. Among the Philippine top exports to Mexico are 
digital monolithic integrated circuits (ICs), storage units, semiconductors, and  static converters while 
top imports from Mexico include self -propelled railway or tramway coaches, processing units, LAN 
apparatus, pigments, and machine parts and accessories.  
4.124.   Since the last trade policy review in 2017, Mexico added three new regional t rade 
agreements (RTAs) to its network, which currently consists of 23  RTAs, and has several ongoing WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  negotiations of new agreements and modernization of existing ones. We are also happy to note that 
since 2017, five double taxation agreements, including the  Philippines, have entered into force.  
4.125.   Further, we note that as Mexico aims to establish itself as a new gateway for multimodal 
traffic between Asia and the US east coast, it has increased the openness of its air transport sector. 
We are glad to note that  with this goal of expanded air connectivity, greater foreign participation is 
allowed by Mexico and that among the new air services agreements it has signed is one with the 
Philippines.  
4.126.   Mexico is a firm supporter of the multilateral trading system and an  active Member of the 
WTO, including its dynamic participation in discussions on joint initiatives such as the micro, small, 
and medium -sized enterprises, e -commerce, services domestic regulation, investment facilitation, 
trade and gender, and trade and en vironment. Its active participation in the JSI on MSMEs, brought 
a successful realization of the Trade4MSMEs platform.  
4.127.   The Philippines notes the significant developments in the economic policies of Mexico, and 
we appreciate the opportunity to learn more ab out these policies through this Trade Policy Review. 
Our delegation has submitted advance written questions and we thank the delegation of Mexico for 
its timely responses.  
4.128.   In closing, the Philippines looks forward to further enhancing the mutually benefic ial 
economic relations with Mexico in the bilateral, regional, and multilateral fora.  
AUSTRALIA   
4.129.   A warm welcome to H.E.  Ms Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, thank you Ambassador Kelly for 
your thoughtful remarks and, of course,  welcome to Ambassador Ángel  Villalobos and your 
delegation here today . 
4.130.    Mexico is a big contributor to the global trading system and  to the W TO. W e note that 
Mexico is a valuable contributor to rule-making here at the W TO, a nd as others have said, is an 
active and constructive participan t in all four Joint Statement Initiatives . We want to thank Mexico 
for its strong commitment to the authority of international law here; and to a fully functioning dispute 
settlement system, including in its role as a party to the Multi-party Interim Appeal Arbitration 
Mechanism.  
4.131.   We welcome  Mexico's strong commitment to the conclusion of the Fisheries Subsi dies 
Agreement at the MC12, and we encourage Mexico to undertake its domestic processes to ratify it 
as soon as possible . 
4.132.   We welcome  also the opportunity to strengthen cooperation with Mexico on furthering 
multilateral agricultural trade reform, particularly in relation to distortionary sub sidies, and in this 
respect, Mexico could do better, we are calling on Mexico to submit outstanding notifications, for 
instance, in relatio n to its transparency obligations and one particular area there is, of course, in 
agriculture where we have not seen a notification since 2016 . 
4.133.    We acknowledge the severe impact  of the COVID -19 pandemic on Mexico's economy . We 
were pleased to s ee that in 2021 Mexico's economy rebounded with GDP growth of around 4.8% . 
We commend the Mexican Government for the macroeconomi c measures  that it adopted to address 
the pandemic 's impact, included targeting assistance payments designed to ease pressures on small 
and medium -sized business . 
4.134.   Looking at our own relationship, it is a healthy one . Mexico, as described , is the largest 
trading partner in Latin  America, two -way goods and services tr ade was more than AUD 3 billion 
in 2020, and during the review period the Australian investment in Mexico in creased substantially. 
As both of our countries look to diversify markets, there are op portunities to deepen investment and 
commercial ties in key growth sectors, such as resources and energy , defence , advanced 
manufacturing , education , and research.  
4.135.   Now we are pleased to see that Mexico is continuing to lower tariffs on agricultural product s. 
Mexico is now Australia's largest agricultural export market in Latin  America . Meat exports have WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  increased from around AUD  10 million to around AUD  16 million to the end of 2021 driven by a 
growing interest in Australian beef from high -end Mexican resta urants. Last year, Mexico also 
became Australia's largest export market for malt and barley . So, just concentrating on those two 
products, beef, malt, and barley the potential to expand the bilateral relations through more st eak 
and beer , is evident and we look forward to talking in more detail about that . 
4.136.   Australia notes the  Mexican Government 's ambition to achieve energy sovereignty through 
reforms to the electricity and the resources sector . Like others who have spoken today on this issue,  
we would welcome the opportunity to discuss these reforms further, including  the impact that they 
could ha ve on strain businesses operating in Mexico . 
4.137.   We have submitted a number of questions as have others and we look forward to Mexico's 
responses. We wish Mexico well in this Trade Policy Review and to continue to cooperate with you 
here at the WTO.  
UKRAINE  
4.138.   Ukraine would like to extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Mexico on its 
seven th Trade Policy Review, led by Luz  María de la Mora Sánchez, Undersecretary for Foreign Trade 
in the Secretariat of Economy.  
4.139.   I would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat an d the Government of Mexico for their 
respective Reports and express appreciation to H .E. Ms Clare Kelly, Permanent Representative of 
the New  Zealand,  for her remarks as the discussant.  
4.140.   Ukraine is pleased to discuss developments in Mexico 's trade policies and practices.  Both 
Mexico and Ukraine have focused on opening new markets and further integration into regional and 
global value chains, struggling to promote trade and to attract investments for economic 
development and well -being of our people.   
4.141.   In this context, we applaud Mexico 's macroeconomic strength and maintaining strong trading 
position, despite the adverse impact of the COVID -19 pandemic and drastic effects of the 
Russian  Federation's unprovoked and unjustified aggression against Ukraine . 
4.142.   Notwithstanding geographical distance, the disastrous repercussion of the 
Russian  Federation' s war against Ukraine is felt throughout the world, far beyond Ukraine 's borders, 
including in Mexico. It has led to an increase in food and fuel prices, as well  as to greater economic 
uncertainty and lower global growth expectations. The war continues to cause huge human suffering 
and economic losses, to destroy trade , supply chains and to undermine international trade.  
4.143.   Mexico is the second most important trading  partner of Ukraine among the countries of 
Latin America and the Caribbean. Prior to the war, our mutual trade considerably grew. In 2021, 
Ukrainian -Mexican trade in goods and services increased by 79 .5% compared to 2020 and amounted 
to USD  527.2 million.  
4.144.   However, due to the war, in the first half of this year, the volume of our bilateral trade in 
goods has fallen almost twice (by 48 .9% compared to the same period of 2021) and amounted to 
USD 97.7 million. Exports amounted to USD  27 million and decreased by 47%, imports fell by 49 .7% 
to USD  70.7 million.  
4.145.   Ukraine considers Mexico as an important economic and trading partner in region. We are 
sure that our mutual interest is to expand our trade in goods and services and to improve the balance 
of bilateral trade by creating better conditions for trade, promoting business development, 
stimulating investments and attaining prosperity. We are looking forward to eliminating trade 
barriers and opening up our markets on mutually beneficial basis.  
4.146.   We note  that Mexico has placed emphasis on the need of further integration into international 
markets and it is seeking new markets from which to import goods that guarantee supply on the 
domestic market. We invite Mexico to consider Ukraine in this regard and to  support its integration 
into supply chains. We have raised question concerning possible collaboration in this area and we 
are ready to start joint work in order to find possible mechanisms for such integration.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.147.   Ukraine considers trade liberalization, incl uding through the abolition of duties for Ukrainian 
exports, as of extreme importance for recovery of our economy after the Russian -brought 
destructions and support for future economic growth.  
4.148.   Currently, Mexico imposes five anti -dumping measures regarding  products originating in 
Ukraine. Considering that the export potential of Ukrainian producers could not threaten to cause 
any material injury to the Mexican domestic industry due to emergency circumstances in Ukraine, 
we posed the question concerning poss ible revocation or review of above -mentioned measures on 
an expedited basis according to Mexican domestic legislation.  
4.149.   At the same time, Ukraine would like to express its appreciation for the decision of Mexico 
to exempt 73  food and other basic products (i ncluding chicken, maize and wheat flour, eggs , etc.) 
from import duties for one year since May  2022, in order to address rising prices. We believe that it 
will create additional export opportunities.  
4.150.   We are also interested in signing the Agreement on Promo tion and Reciprocal Protection of 
Investments between Ukraine and Mexico. There are great opportunities for further development of 
bilateral cooperation in mining ; agriculture ; transportation and communication ; space and aviation ; 
pharmaceutical ; and energ y industries. We are sure that such agreement will help both States to 
increase their bilateral trade turnover significantly. The participation of Mexican investments in 
important economic projects in Ukraine would be more than welcome.  
4.151.   We are convinced th at regardless the war, we can continue strengthening our trade and 
economic relationship.  
4.152.   Given the importance of this TPR exercise, Ukraine raised other questions to Mexico, in 
particular, concerning its tax and investment regime; automatic licensing; est ablishment of the New 
Comprehensive Rural Financing System; regulation and development of Mexico 's telecommunication 
sector , etc. 
4.153.   Ukraine welcomes Mexico 's commitment to the rules -based multilateral trading system and 
its active participation in the WTO an d we wish the delegation of Mexico a very successful Trade 
Policy Review.  
CHILE  
4.154.   Chile saluda a la delegación de la República de México, encabezada por la Subsecretar ia de 
Comercio Exterior de México, Sra.  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, y felicita a este paí s por el trabajo 
realizado desde su último examen.  
4.155.   Saludamos también al Embajador y amigo Ángel  Villalobos y a todo su equipo de la Misión 
ante la OMC. Reconocemos el gran trabajo realizado tanto por la Secretaría como por México en la 
elaboración de los respectivos informes y felicitamos a la ponente, Embajadora Clare Kelly de 
Nueva  Zelandia.  
4.156.   Chile y México son dos economías abiertas al mundo que comparten una visión común en 
su estrategia de integración. Ambos somos promotores del libre comercio y buscamos 
continuamente la coordinación en los grandes temas de la agenda internacional.  
4.157.   Las relaciones económico -comerciales entre Chile y México se rigen por el Tratado de Libre 
Comercio vigente desde julio  de 1999. Adicionalmente, en diciembre  de 2006, e ntró en vigor el 
Acuerdo de Asociación Estratégica, estrechando los vínculos , no sólo a nivel comercial, sino que 
también a través del diálogo político y la cooperación.  
4.158.   Desde la entrada en vigor del Acuerdo Marco de la Alianza del Pacífico, en 2015, la r elación 
bilateral se ha focalizado en las decisiones adoptadas en ese bloque. En particular, podemos destacar 
que desde 2018, Chile y México participan en el Comité sobre Cadenas Globales de Valor, instancia 
que esperamos contribuya a establecer alianzas e stratégicas entre las empresas y las inversiones 
directas recíprocas como los motores para el desarrollo de encadenamientos productivos.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.159.   Con el 98,3% de los ítems del universo arancelario liberados del pago de aranceles y el 
restante con acuerdos para su d esgravación en plazos determinados, el intercambio comercial 
en 2021 fue de US D 3.922  millones, presentando un crecimiento promedio anual del 4% 
desde  2016.  
4.160.   El mercado mexicano constituye el séptimo destino de las inversiones directas de Chile en 
el mundo , de acuerdo con cifras de diciembre  de 2020. En ese mercado se encuentran 
aproximadamente 50  empresas chilenas con inversiones que ascienden a poco más de 
USD 2.000  millones.  
4.161.   A nivel sectorial, el sector servicios sigue siendo el principal destino de los  capitales chilenos, 
con un monto acumulado de US D 1.462  millones. Destacan en este ámbito, principalmente 
transporte, logística portuaria, almacenamiento y comunicaciones e intermediación financiera. En 
segundo lugar, se ubica el sector de industria con U SD 560 millones y un 27,3% de participación.  
4.162.   Por otra parte, en los últimos años, México se ha transformado en importante destino para 
numerosas startups chilenas vinculadas a tecnologías de la información y es cada vez el mercado 
principal de artistas chi lenos emergentes.  
4.163.   En el plano multilateral y particularmente en esta Organización, México es un socio 
constructivo con quienes coincidimos en diversas materias.  
4.164.   De manera particular quisiéramos relevar la contribución de México en materia de mipymes 
y mujeres en el comercio; y valoramos el apartado sobre estas materias en el informe preparado 
por el Gobierno.  
4.165.   Para este Examen, Chile ha formulado preguntas, entre otras, en materia de proceso de 
incorporación de normas al ordenamiento jurídico interno del país y en particular el proceso de 
incorporación al ordenamiento jurídico de las decisiones adoptadas por los órganos administradores 
de acuerdos; así como su experiencia con la implementación de la norma de implementación 
ampliada en acuerdos comerciales y la aspectos relacionados con la inserción y participación de 
empresas mexicanas en cadenas globales y regionales de valor.  
4.166.   Asimismo, hemos formulado preguntas sobre las acciones y experiencia de México 
orientadas a mejorar la inclusión y participación d e mipymes y las mujeres en la economía y el 
comercio internacional del país.  
4.167.   Nuestra delegación agradece las respuestas, las cuales están siendo analizadas por nuestros 
equipos en Santiago.  
4.168.   Finalmente, deseamos a México un exitoso séptimo examen de sus políticas comerciales.  
ICELAND  
4.169.   It is with pleasure that Iceland welcomes the distinguished delegation of Mexico to their 
seventh  Trade Policy Review, led by Undersecretary, H.E.  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez. We also 
express appreciation to the WTO Secretariat as well as Mexico for the Reports prepared, as well as 
to the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador Clare  Kelly, for the excellent framing of the issues for our 
discussion today.  
4.170.   First, let me mention the fr ee trade agreement between Mexico and the four EFTA States, 
Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland that entered into force in 2001. The Free Trade 
Agreement has served our countries well however there is time to look forward. Therefore, we 
welcome  ongoing discussions to modernize the current free trade agreement and we look forward 
to concluding that process.  
4.171.   Iceland welcomes Mexico 's active participation and strong commitment to the smooth 
functioning of the multilateral trading systems.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.172.   As other Members Mexico has felt the negative economic impact of the COVID -19 pandemic 
but has, as reported in the Trade Policy Report, rebounded with 4 .8% GDP growth in 2021 - mainly 
due to measures taken to mitigate the COVID -19 impact.  
4.173.   As one of the co -chairs of  the Informal Working Group on Trade and Gender, Iceland 
appreciates Mexico 's constructive participation and the good cooperation our countries have on trade 
and gender.  
4.174.   This work is particularly important in the current global environment. COVID -19 relate d 
challenges continue to be felt and have been recognized to unevenly impact societies and 
populations. The economic and trade impacts of the pandemic have had a disproportionately adverse 
impact on women. This is a pattern that sadly also applies to other  crisis arising from ongoing 
geopolitical conflicts.  
4.175.   At the MC12 the Ministers acknowledged for the first time the importance of addressing 
women 's economic empowerment at the WTO – and recogni zing the positive benefits that it will 
have on our economies.  
4.176.   This fact is well recognized by Mexico, and we welcome Mexico 's approach in their foreign 
trade strategy by acknowledging the important role women play when it comes to fostering growth 
and reducing poverty.  
4.177.   The sharing of best practices of respective expe riences relating to policies and rulemaking 
on advancing women 's economic empowerment is an important element of the work of the Informal 
Working Group on Trade and Gender.  
4.178.   In the spirit of supporting relevant data gathering in this field, Iceland has subm itted in 
advance written questions on the participation of women in the economy of Mexico. We welcome 
the replies as the answers will be useful in gathering best practices in the promotion of 
gender -equality within trade.  
4.179.   Finally, Iceland once again apprec iates Mexico 's firm support to the multilateral trading 
system and its active engagement in the WTO. We wish the delegations of Mexico every success for 
their Trade Policy Review.  
THE SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU  
4.180.   On behalf  of the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, I would 
like to welcome the delegation of Mexico, led by Ms  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, to its 
seventh  Trade Policy Review. I would also like to express my appreciation to Mexico for its 
comprehensive Government Report, and thank the discussant, Ambassador Ms  Clare Kelly of 
New Zealand, for her insightful discussion, and the WTO Secretariat for its excellen t Report.  
4.181.   Mexico plays an important role in world trade and global economy. Its economy maintained 
stable and resilient even during the COVID -19 outbreak. Although the economy was badly affected 
by the pandemic in 2020, Mexico was able to weather the pande mic comparatively well, with GDP 
growth of around 4.8% in 2021. We therefore commend Mexico 's measures adopted to deal with 
the pandemic and to support its people and business.  
4.182.   Mexico continues to be a strong supporter of the multilateral trading system. F or example, 
concerning its transparency obligations, Mexico has submitted various notifications to the WTO in 
compliance with various Agreements. These demonstrate its recognition of the crucial importance of 
transparency. On its participation in the WTO n egotiations, Mexico has been active in many fronts, 
including in fisheries subsidies negotiations. It has also taken steps to engage in all WTO 's plurilateral 
Joint Statement Initiatives, such as MSMEs, e -commerce, investment facilitation, services domesti c 
regulation , and environmental sustainability. We applaud its active engagements in these initiatives. 
We have noticed that Mexico is not yet a signatory to the Agreement on Government Procurement 
(GPA), nor a party to the Information Technology Agreement  (ITA). The GPA provides a useful tool 
for optimizing value for money, good governance, and trade objectives in the government 
procurement sector. The ITA has triggered rapid growth in trade in information and communication 
technology (ICT) industry produc ts and services, with developing countries ' share of global ICT WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  exports more than doubling since 1996. Expanding the ITA will further benefit developing countries 
by lowering the cost of ICTs that are critical inputs to making their manufacturing and servi ces 
sectors more competitive; fostering innovation; and thus playing a major role in growth. We look 
forward to seeing Mexico becoming a Party to the GPA and the ITA in the not -too-distant future.  
4.183.   Bilaterally, we are Mexico 's important investment and tradi ng partner in Asia. We are 
Mexico 's fourth Asian investor and ninth largest trading partner in 2021. Our businesses have started 
up approximately 300 companies in Mexico, including important enterprises like Foxconn, Inventec, 
Wistron, ASUS, and Delta. ICT  industry is one of the most important items in our bilateral trade 
relationship. While Mexico continues to pursue its National Development Plan 2019 -24, our own 
expertise and experience in ICT industry can surely serve as a basis for a mutually beneficial  
partnership and help Mexico to achieve its policy goal. We look forward to further strengthening our 
bilateral economic cooperation in the future.  
4.184.   We have raised some written questions and would like to thank Mexico in advance for its 
replies.  
4.185.   Finally, w e wish Mexico a productive and successful Trade Policy Review.  
BRAZIL  
4.186.   Let me welcome the delegation of Mexico on its seventh  Trade Policy Review. I thank both 
the Mexican Government and the WTO Secretariat for their Reports, as well as the discussant, 
Amba ssador Clare  Kelly, for her introductory remarks.  
4.187.   Quisiera también, reconocer al Embajador Ángel Villalobos, nuestro amigo, y una presencia 
muy importante en la OMC. Es un honor para México tener un profesional de esta calidad en Ginebra.  
4.188.   Mexico plays an i mportant role in WTO, not only as a key voice within our region, but also 
as an active and constructive Member in trade negotiations.  
4.189.   Mexico counts with an extensive network of trade agreements and in recent years has sought 
to further increase it by expl oring trade negotiations with other partners, such as the Republic of 
Korea  and Ecuador.  
4.190.   Recently, new aspects have been added to Mexico 's trade policy as a result of the package 
against inflation and famine (PACIC) implemented by the Federal Government to contain inflationary 
pressures. The core of this package lies at the unilateral reduction or removal of tariffs on various 
agricultural products. Brazil would be very interested in listening the views of the Mexican delegation 
on the results a chieved so far.  
4.191.   Finance and trade are central pillars of bilateral relations between Brazil and Mexico. They 
show the strong complementarity between our economies.  
4.192.   The mutual stock of investments is high and currently amounts to USD  30 billion.  
4.193.   Our trade flow is equally substantial and surpassed USD  10 billion in 2021, in spite of the 
hardship caused by the COVID -19 pandemic.  
4.194.   There is a lot of potential to be further explored. The challenge we face is both to expand 
and to deepen our bilateral trade . Our trade exchanges are primarily regulated by the 2002 Economic 
Complementation Agreement  53 – ACE-53. This agreement consists of preferential tariffs covering 
only 13% of tariffs.  
4.195.   In this connection, we thank the reply by the Mexican Government to our  proposal of 
parameters aimed at broadening the scope of ACE -53. Promoting more trade with Brazil will not only 
increase economic development, but also further diversify Mexico 's network of trading partners.  
4.196.   There is also room for improvement under the cu rrent framework. Several measures of 
Mexico 's trade policy affect Brazilian exports, such as various non -tariff barriers set up by regulatory WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  practices, including delay in the concession of sanitary certificates; and the perpetuation of 
anti-dumping measur es for decades.  
4.197.   In the last years, the regulatory agenda of the Mexican Government features new rules that 
raises concerns in terms of protectionism. Several industrial sectors are regulated by very rigorous 
requirements or are subject to sudden changes w ithout due transparency.  
4.198.   Agriculture is an area requiring concrete improvements in order for bilateral trade to further 
advance. Pork meat is an outstanding case as regards the delay faced by Brazilian exporters to 
access the Mexican market.  
4.199.   Mexico 's Nat ional Service of Food Health, Safety and Quality (SENASICA) does not allow 
imports of pork meat from Brazil notwithstanding the technical analysis provided by international 
agencies such as the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH).  
4.200.   As regards safeg uards, anti -dumping measures have been renewed for years without due 
consideration by the concerned authorities of arguments presented by interested parties in final and 
mid-term reviews. For instance, anti -dumping measures against Brazilian exports of reb ar steel are 
in force since 1995; and anti -dumping measures against Brazilian exports of bond paper since 2013.  
4.201.   Brazil has submitted a number of questions in this trade policy review. We thank Mexico for 
their written replies, which were forwarded to our capital for examination and follow -up. 
4.202.   Let me conclude by wishing the delegation of Mexico a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
SWITZERLAND  
4.203.   I would like to join others by extending a warm welcome to Mexico 's delegation led by Ms  Luz 
María de la Mora Sánc hez, I would also like to thank Ambassador Clare  Kelly (New  Zealand) for her 
valuable observations as a discussant, and the Secretariat for its substantive contribution to this 
review.  
4.204.   As in other parts of  the world, Mexico 's economy has been seriously affected by the 
COVID -19 pandemic, both in social and economic terms.  
4.205.   However, the substantial economic rebound we have witnessed in 2021 confirms that the 
Mexican economy is built on a sound macroeconomic policy framework. The value of this framework 
for both social and economic stability can in our view not be overstated.  
4.206.   This is also true with regard to the general framework governing Mexico 's foreign trade. 
Mexico 's strategy to promote open foreign trade relations and its network of prefer ential trade 
agreement with many WTO Members has certainly contributed to a quick and positive recovery of 
exports and imports in 2021 after the sharp decline due to the pandemic in 2020.  
4.207.   Switzerland 's and Mexico 's economies share one important commonality : both countries are 
deeply integrated into global value chains. Also, but not only with their neighbours. This diversity of 
trade relations contributes to the resilience of our economies particularly in times of crisis.  
4.208.   Switzerland and Mexico also share q uite a long experience in implementing and continuously 
expanding their preferential trade relations. We have been pioneers in that regard: the EFTA -Mexico 
Free Trade Agreement signed in 2000 is among the first comprehensive free trade agreements 
concluded  at that time.  
4.209.   Following the entry into force of the EFTA -Mexico Free Trade Agreement in 2001, the 
development of imports and exports between our countries has been strongly positive. With a 
volume of bilateral trade flows between Mexico and Switzerland b etween CHF 2.2 billion  and 
CHF 2.8 billion in the last two years. Today, Mexico is Switzerland's second most important market 
in Latin  America.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.210.   Many Swiss companies have a long -time presence in the country and we understand that 
improving the legal and adm inistrative environment could further unlock business potential and 
increase the competitiveness of the Mexican economy.  
4.211.   We also believe that ensuring the best possible framework conditions for trade and 
investment is crucial for  overcoming temporary disru ptions of supply chains and qualitative economic 
growth in the long term.  
4.212.   In the context of this policy review , Switzerland has submitted a number of questions in 
writing, in particular regarding the general framework conditions in Mexico, its trade polic y 
formulation and objectives, and in the field of  import and exports prohibitions, restrictions and 
licensing.  
4.213.   We thank Mexico for considering those issues in its, of which we have taken good not. 
Additional clarifications and explanations in the area of t rade restrictions would however be 
appreciated and we stand ready to clarify the issue or questions raised, if necessary.  
4.214.   In conclusion , Switzerland is committed to continuing to work with Mexico in addressing 
today's numerous challenges. In that sense, a modernization of the EFTA -Mexico Agreement will be 
an important step in developing mutually beneficial relations and strengthening the resilience of our 
economies  by expanding trade and investments.   
4.215.   We wish Mexico constructive and fruitful exchanges withi n this trade policy review.  
REPUBLIC OF KOREA  
4.216.   I would like to join other speakers in welcoming H .E. Ms Luz Mar ía de la Mora Sánchez, 
Undersecretary for Foreign Trade and her delegation to the seventh  Trade Policy Review of Mexico. 
I also thank Ambassador C lare Kelly for her role as a discussant and the Secretariat for its detailed 
Report.  
4.217.   This year marks the 60th anniversary of Korea -Mexico diplomatic ties, and bilateral relations 
have been cemented in various areas to date. The Republic of Korea and Mexico are also closely 
cooperating in the cross -regional group MIKTA whose aim includes responding collectively to global 
issues such as human rights, environment, and development. It is particularly noteworthy that the 
economic relations between the Repu blic of Korea and Mexico have deepened since the 1990s with 
the trade volume increasing five -fold in the past 20  years. The trade volume in goods exceeded 
USD 20 billion  since 2018. Now, the Republic of Korea is Mexico 's fourth  largest trading partner and 
Mexico is Korea 's largest trading partner in Latin  America. This is a remarkable performance that 
has been achieved without any institutional framework such as a bilateral free trade agreement 
(FTA).  
4.218.   My delegation believes that our two countries will continue to strengthen our economic ties 
with a view to achieving mutual prosperity. Once the Korea -Mexico FTA is signed, it will further 
contribute to expanding bilateral economic cooperation in the futur e. In this regard, my delegation 
welcomes the announcement in March this year to resume negotiations for the Korea -Mexico FTA.  
4.219.   The Republic of Korea commends that Mexico, the 15th largest economy in the world, 
remains open to trade and has continued its e fforts to further integrate into international trade. 
Under its commitment to a rules -based multilateral trading system and as a founding Member of the 
WTO, Mexico has been an active participant in negotiations and discussions on not only regular 
activitie s but also joint initiatives including investment facilitation, e -commerce, and service 
domestic regulation. However, Mexico is not a party to the Agreement on Government Procurement 
(GPA) and the Information Technology Agreement (ITA). My delegation encou rages Mexico to 
consider joining these Agreements that will promote competition and free trade in relevant areas.  
4.220.   My delegation also takes note that, despite an unfavourable international economic 
environment over the review period, Mexico 's exchange rate  and international reserves stayed stable 
and trade and investment flows grew steadily except for the period affected by the pandemic. It is 
also commendable that Mexico continued to implement measures to facilitate trade by adopting WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  electronic customs cle arance, using consolidated customs forms and improving the Single Window 
for Mexican Foreign Trade.  
4.221.   Against this positive backdrop, it is noticeable that specific trade concerns and questions 
about NOM (Norma Oficial Mexicana), Official Mexican Standards,  have been raised in TBT and SPS 
committee meetings. The purpose of NOM to protect human health and the environment should be 
respected, but in some cases such requirements change frequently or reasonable time is not given 
before their entry into force, wh ich causes administrative difficulties for exporters to Mexico. The 
Republic of Korea would like to encourage Mexico to pay more attention to this issue.  
4.222.   My delegation presented through advance questions a specific concern of the Republic of 
Korea, which is related to import duties on steel products. And we appreciate the response provided 
by Mexico. The imposition and extension of such duties on steel products for several years have had 
considerable impacts on relevant markets, including Korean steel expo rters and customers in Mexico. 
My delegation looks forward to Mexico 's efforts to review its tariff plan on imported steel products 
in favour of an open and free market.  
4.223.   As many other delegations said today, my delegation once again appreciates Mexico 's 
steadfast support for the rules -based multilateral trading system and its active participation. The 
Republic of Korea believes that Mexico will continue to contribute to facilitating free trade and 
strengthening the multilateral trading system. My Governmen t also looks forward to continuing its 
close cooperation with Mexico in the collective efforts to strengthen and facilitate the global trade 
environment.  
4.224.   I wish the delegation of Mexico every success in its T rade Policy Review . 
NEW ZEALAND  
4.225.   New Zealand welc omes this opportunity to comment on the Trade Policy Review of Mexico. 
I would like to thank the Government of Mexico and the Secretariat for their work in preparing us 
for the Review. Let me also welcome the delegation from Mexico  led by Undersecretary de  la Mora.  
4.226.   New Zealand welcomes the chance to comment on Mexico 's trade policy settings – both as 
an important bilateral partner, and as a strong advocate of the rules -based international order 
including through our shared membership of the Ottawa and Cairn s Groups. We welcome its active 
participation in efforts to strengthen and revitali ze the WTO through its involvement in a range of 
important initiatives, including the Multiparty Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA), and 
Joint Statement Initiativ e negotiations on e -commerce, services domestic regulation and investment 
facilitation for development, and joint statements on MSMEs, and women 's economic empowerment. 
Mexico has also been an important partner in the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured 
Discussions (TESSD).  
4.227.   We commend Mexico 's advocacy for trade liberalisation, and specifically its implementation 
of one of the largest Free Trade Agreements globally, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement 
for Trans -Pacific Pa rtnership (CPTPP). As stated in the Reports from both the Secretariat and Mexican 
Government, FTAs are ensuring Mexico is a key stakeholder in the Asia -Pacific 's value chains, a 
process which New  Zealand is keen to support.  
4.228.   New Zealand particularly applaud s Mexico 's work in enhancing the inclusion and participation 
of women in the domestic economy and international trade, including by joining the Inclusive Trade 
Action Group (ITAG) and the Global Trade and Gender Arrangement (GTAGA). CPTPP 's enhanced 
digita l trade provisions create opportunities for Mexican women entrepreneurs. In addition, CPTPP 
includes a range of measures that address the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs when 
exporting and provide a higher level of certainty and increased openness.  New Zealand encourages 
Mexico to continue the strengthening of its policies in women 's economic empowerment and we look 
forward to cooperating further to advance this shared interest in our relationship.  
4.229.   We would welcome Mexico 's participation in the Indi genous Peoples Economic and Trade 
Cooperation Arrangement (IPETCA), a first -of-its-kind, ground -breaking initiative that builds on 
New Zealand 's Trade for All inclusion agenda. Beyond these opportunities, New  Zealand continues WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  to seek associated State stat us with the Pacific Alliance in order to broaden our regional collaboration 
with Mexico.  
4.230.   We again thank both the Mexican Government and the Secretariat for their work in preparing 
this review; and welcome the opportunity to commend Mexico for its role in t he multilateral trading 
system and for its on -going support for mechanisms that ensure prosperity for all communities.  
UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.231.   Let me speak, for the first time at a TPR, on behalf of His  Majesty 's Government  y dar la 
bienvenida a la delegación Mexic ana bajo la liderazgo de Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior, 
Luz María de  la Mora. Quisiera dar las gracias al Gobierno Federal mexicano y la OMC por sus 
informes.  Let me also thank the Chair and our distinguished discussant, Clare  Kelly, for kindly 
facilitating this Trade Policy Review providing us such an insightful basis for our discussions.  
4.232.   In our written questions for this review, we were keen to gain a deeper understanding of 
Mexico 's regulatory framework in areas including intellectual property, dom estic regulating bodies 
and agencies, the government procurement regime, trade in services, and SPS measures. This broad 
range of questions covering a panoply of themes is an indication of the range of opportunities 
available to Mexican and UK business from our accelerating bilateral trade.  
4.233.   This review includes a period of acute economi c instability globally. W e are therefore pleased 
to welcome the positive steps which the Mexican Federal Government has taken to mitigate these 
shocks, notably through the expansion of digiti zation services for administrative procedures for 
imports and agr i-food exports.  
4.234.    It is encouraging that in periods of economic stress, actions such as these demonstrate that 
opportunities can be found, notably digital solutions, which can accelerate best practice and improve 
the free trading environment. This also bui lds on previous efforts to reform customs procedures, as 
identified during Mexico 's last TPR, in 2017.  
4.235.   In that TPR, the then Chair outlined in her concluding remarks Member 's concerns that 
Mexico 's trade was highly dependent on a single market, noting that  there was a need to diversify. 
During this review period, Mexico has enacted some of the suggestions made to address this, 
including strengthening economic ties with different trading partners.  
4.236.   To this same end, the UK was pleased to sign a Trade Continu ity Agreement (TCA) with 
Mexico which came into force on 1  June last year. We look forward to delivering our Factual 
Presentation to the Committee on Regional Trade Agreements in November this year.  
4.237.   To realise the full potential of our trading relationshi p, Mexico and the UK launched 
negotiations in London on 20  May this year to secure a more modern and comprehensive bilateral 
FTA. As Mexico highlighted in its Report, we have agreed on the moderni zation of rules relating to 
investment and intellectual prop erty, and the inclusion of innovative provisions relating to SMEs, 
gender and innovation, among others. We look forward to bringing this agreement to fruition in due 
course and to our businesses making full use of the opportunities that the FTA should offe r. 
4.238.   As others have noted, Mexico has also signed agreements with the United  States, Canada, 
and the EU, and has signed the entry -into-force of the CPTPP. As the Secretariat recogni zes in its 
Report, these and other preferential trade agreements demonstrate the importance that regionalism 
plays in Mexico 's trade relations.  
4.239.   In 2017, Members also encouraged Mexico to join plurilateral agreements, notably the GPA. 
We would welcome Mexico 's indication of progress with regards to this key plurilateral agreement.  
4.240.   Let me welcome Mexico 's support for the Inclusive Trade Action Group ITAG and Global 
Trade and Gender Arrangement (GTAGA), as well as its engagement in the WTO Informal Working 
Group on Trade and Gender. All these important initiatives help to increase wom en's economic 
empowerment through enhanced trade opportunities, an objective we share with Mexico.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.241.   Through our Embassy in Mexico  City, the UK has been pleased to work with Mexico on 
developing a methodology to measure the wage gap in Mexico and help to ide ntify a remedy. This 
is an on -going and important work, and we encourage Mexico to continue to advance the necessary 
actions in order to reap the full reward of Mexico 's ambitions.  
4.242.   Regarding transparency, the UK notes that less than 200 measures have been  recorded by 
Mexico in the WTO 's Trade Monitoring Database, a low notification level in both relative and absolute 
terms. The median G20 member notifies around 400  measures. Notifications and transparency 
obligations are a cornerstone of the ongoing succes s of the WTO, and we therefore encourage Mexico 
to continue its efforts to ensure maximum levels of transparency regarding notifications.  
4.243.   Furthermore, recent data demonstrates that of 257  policy intervention measures in force, 
69% (that is  177) are trade restrictive rather than trade -facilitating. As such, the UK encourages 
Mexico to pursue balanced trade policies . 
4.244.   As the Secretariat 's Report identifies, Mexico is working to open -up untapped potential within 
its economy. Export diversification and the spreading of regional exporting opportunities have 
significant potential to achieve this, expanding the benefits of free trade at a global level and 
contributing to an improved, stren gthened international trading system. The UK looks forward to 
working with our Mexican partners to help make the most of these opportunities.  
4.245.   The United  Kingdom thanks Mexico for their fruitful engagement in this important 
transparency exercise and we wis h them a successful seventh  Trade Policy Review.  
GUATEMALA  
4.246.   En nombre de Guatemala, quisiera dar la más cordial bienvenida a la delegación de México, 
encabezada por la Sra.  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior, así como 
al equipo  de trabajo en Ginebra, dirigido por el Sr.  Ángel  Villalobos  Rodríguez , Embajador  y 
Representante Permanente de México ante la OMC.  
4.247.   Aprovechamos también para subrayar el trabajo realizado por la Secretaría en la elaboración 
de este examen de políticas comerciales, así como el análisis que ha tenido a bien compartir con 
nosotros el día de hoy en su calidad de ponente la Sra.  Clare Kelly, Embajadora  y Representante 
Permanente de Nueva Zelandia ante la OMC.   
4.248.   Guatemala y México compartimos un ento rno histórico muy similar, que nos convierte en 
países pluriculturales y multiétnicos, con una gran riqueza ancestral que busca mantenerse perpetua 
y que se va transmitiendo de generación en generación.   
4.249.   Para Guatemala, México es un socio comercial import ante dentro de la región de 
Latinoamérica. Con el cual compartimos intereses comunes e ideales en varios frentes dentro de 
esta Organización, estamos convencidos que ambos países continuaremos construyendo la confianza 
y seguiremos trabajando incansablemen te para expandir nuestras alianzas estratégicas, tanto aquí 
como en otros foros regionales.  
4.250.   En el marco de las relaciones bilaterales entre Guatemala y México, el pasado 
6 de septiembre hemos cumplido 174  años de mantener relaciones diplomáticas.  
4.251.   México y Guatemala mantienen una dinámica relación económica, cabe mencionar que en el 
año 2021 , México para Guatemala ocupó el puesto cinco como socio comercial de las exportaciones 
y el tres respecto a las importaciones.  
4.252.   Los principales productos que Guatemala  importó de México son: cerveza de malta, energía 
eléctrica, hilos de cobre o aluminio, entre otros.  
4.253.   Los principales productos que Guatemala exportó a México son : aceite de palma en bruto, 
látex de caucho natural incluso prevulcanizado, preparaciones alime nticias, entre otros.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.254.   Por otro lado, al igual que han hecho varios de mis antecesores, con relación a la evaluación 
que hoy nos concierne, es importante resaltar los resultados económicos positivos observados en 
México, desde su último examen de las políticas comerciales.  
4.255.   Tal como se indica en el reporte, México en este período ha aplicado en una política de 
inversiones en todos los sectores económicos que ha contribuido a incentivar la competitividad 
nacional y las exportaciones.  
4.256.    Cabe destacar las dive rsas acciones que ha realizado en materia de facilitación de comercio 
tal es el caso de la actualización de la Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior Mexicano , la puesta en 
marcha del despacho aduanero electrónico y el establecimiento de su Comité Nacional de Facilitación 
de Comercio.  
4.257.   Otro punto por resaltar es lo relacionado al Programa Sectorial de Turismo 2020 -2024, con 
el cual se busca impulsar el desarrollo de la actividad turística del país, fomentando la diversificación 
de mercados turísticos tanto e n el ámbito nacional como internacional.  
4.258.    En lo que respecta a la propiedad intelectual se destaca las ventajas que da la nueva ley de 
la materia que promueve la innovación y las marcas como fuentes de desarrollo económico, así como 
los mecanismos de obser vancia para garantizar la protección de los derechos de propiedad 
intelectual.  
4.259.   Para concluir , Guatemala desea a México que en el marco de la aplicación de sus políticas 
económicas y comerciales continúen cosechando éxito en cuanto a su crecimiento económic o y 
desarrollo, confiando en que nuestros países continúen fortaleciendo los lazos comerciales y de 
amistad.  
4.260.   Agradecemos las respuestas remitidas a las preguntas que planteamos las cuales 
remitiremos a capital para su análisis respectivo.  
4.261.   Guatemala recono ce los esfuerzos realizados por el México durante el período evaluado en 
este informe y desea a la delegación que hoy los representa, una exitosa conclusión de su examen 
de las políticas comerciales.  
CHINA  
4.262.   I would like to extend my warm welcome to the delegation of Mexico led by 
H.E. Under secretary, Luz  María de  la Mora Sánchez and appreciate the Government of Mexico for 
the preparation for this review. I would also like to express my gratitude to the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador Ms  Clare Kelly for her i nsightful remarks. Let me also thank the Secretariat for 
their hard work.  
4.263.   First of all, China commends Mexico 's efforts to implement its social economic strategy 
during the review period, including actively responding to the impact of external shocks on th e 
economy, developing international trade relations, increasing foreign investment attractiveness, 
supporting the multilateral trading system, as well as effectively participating in regional integration 
processes.  
4.264.   We are pleased to note that in 2021 the M exican economy rebounded robustly, with GDP 
growth reached around 4.8% and the total volume of trade reached over USD 1 trillion, both export 
and import volumes have exceeded pre -pandemic levels. This was achieved against the background 
that the economy of  Mexico was severely hit by the international economic shocks since the 
mid-2018. Nevertheless, Mexico has responded rapidly and effectively while adopting various 
macroeconomic policies to promote economic recovery and to deal with the impact of pandemic.   
4.265.   We are also delighted to see that Mexico constantly provides facilitation to promote trade 
and investment, which are identified as two of the most important engines for the economic and 
social development. For example, since 2021 the Government has been working on the design of 
investment facilitation tools to attract FDI. China also applauds Mexico 's efforts to the digital social 
transformation through increasing the internet coverage in the country and setting up the Technical WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  Committee on 5G Deployment  to create a forum among different stakeholders with the aim of 
moving towards the development and deployment of 5G in the country.  
4.266.   China appreciates Mexico 's firm commitment to the rule s-based multilateral trading system 
and its substantive contribution t o the WTO. As one of the 123  proponents of the joint proposal 
regarding launching the selection processes for AB members, China appreciates Mexico 's spearhead 
role and great efforts to the reactivation of the Appellate Body. We commend Mexico 's actively 
participating in the Joint Initiatives in the areas of investment facilitation, e -commerce and services 
domestic regulation and great contribution to the success of the WTO MC12 . we also want to express 
our sincere thanks to Ambassador Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez's leadership to this Organization as the 
current Chair of Trade Policy Review Body.  
4.267.   This year marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between 
China and Mexico. Especially since the establishment of the comprehensive str ategic partnership 
between the two countries in 2013, the development of bilateral relations has entered into fast lanes 
and mutually beneficial economic and trade cooperation has yielded fruitful results. Mexico is China's 
second largest trading partner i n Latin  America, and China is Mexico's second largest trading partner 
in the world. In 2021, the bilateral trade volume between China and Mexico will hit a new record 
high, with a year -on-year growth of 41.9%, reaching US D 86.6 billion.  
4.268.   The good performanc e of trade well reflected strong trade potential between China and 
Mexico, which we believe could be further unleashed by strengthening our bilateral and multicultural 
cooperation. China is willing to work closely with Mexico to promote bilateral trade gro wth, enhance 
trade and investment facilitation, strengthen cooperation in emerging and key areas, deepen 
cooperation and coordination under the multilateral framework. Meanwhile, we urge Mexico to 
refrain from excessively using the trade remedy measures an d abandon the surrogate country 
approach when calculating anti -dumping measures against Chinese exports. It is firmly believed that 
with the joint effort from both sides, the China and Mexico comprehensive strategic partnership will 
be further strengthened .  
4.269.   For this review, China has submitted questions to  Mexico, we appreciate the written replies 
and look forward to the answers for the subsequent questions. We will review all of them carefully.  
4.270.   Finally, I would wish the TPR of Mexico a complete success.  
TÜRKIYE  
4.271.   We welcome the delegation of Mexico headed by Luz  María de la Mora Sánchez, 
Undersecretary for Foreign Trade in the Secretariat  of Economy.  
4.272.   We thank the Secretariat and the Government of Mexico for their detailed Reports as well 
as discuss ant Ambassador Clare  Kelly of New  Zealand for her invaluable remarks.  
4.273.   We also thank Mexico for the answers provided to our questions.  
4.274.   During the review period, the Mexican economy suffered from the adverse effects of 
international economic instability cau sed by supply chain shortages, COVID -19 pandemic, and 
depressed investment. This resulted in low growth in the country.  
4.275.   However, it is good to see that the Mexican economy is recovering with 4.8 % growth in 2021 
after contracting by 8.2 % in 2020.  
4.276.   To enable  a sustained recovery over the medium -term and to deal with the pre -crisis 
challenges for growth and inclusion, we support Mexico 's efforts to promote greater participation of 
women and MSMEs in the economy.  
4.277.   We commend for Mexico 's active participation in negotiations, discussions and work of the 
WTO regular bodies. We are also pleased to work with Mexico in Joint Initiatives of e -commerce, 
investment facilitation, services domestic regulation, MSMEs, and TESSD . WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.278.   As a reflection of strategic partnership betw een our countries, Mexico is our third biggest 
trade partner in Latin  America.  
4.279.   Despite the pandemic, our bilateral trade volume reached to USD 1.8 billion in 2021. There 
is much more room for growth and it has already reached to USD 1.1 billion in the fir st six  months 
of 2022.  
4.280.   Direct flights by Turkish Airlines are beneficial for both our economic cooperation and 
promotion of tourism.  
4.281.   We also have Agreement of Mutual Promotion and Protection of Investments since 2015.  
4.282.   Turkish companies are increasingly inv esting in Mexico in critical, largescale , and politically 
important projects.  Our companies are ready to do more in Mexico, particularly in the fields of 
construction, energy and infrastructure, among others.  
4.283.   However, there are still practical steps we ca n take to increase our bilateral trade volume. 
We are planning to have the next meeting of Joint Economic Commission before the end of the year.  
We are also discussing with Mexican authorities the resumption of negotiations on a possible FTA 
with Mexico.  
4.284.   We see a promising potential in cooperation in tourism. We consider that working together 
on concrete projects will support the growth in tourism sectors in both Türkiye and Mexico.  
4.285.   In conclusion, we would like to take this opportunity to thank Ambassador  Rodriguez and 
his able team for the excellent preparation for this review, as well as their constructive contributions 
to WTO activities.  
4.286.   We wish Mexico a successful Trade Policy Review.  
ECUADOR  
4.287.   En primer lugar, queremos d ar la bienvenida a la Señora Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior, 
Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, jefa de la delegación de México, en este séptimo examen de las 
políticas comerciales de su país. Saludamos, asimismo, a las autoridades mexicanas presentes en 
esta reunión, en particu lar a mi estimado colega y amigo el Embajador Ángel Villalobos, 
Representante Permanente de México ante la OMC.  
4.288.   Ecuador ha tomado nota de la información proporcionada por el Gobierno de México sobre 
las políticas que impulsa con el propósito de fortalecer su economía y comercio, fomentar la 
competitividad y crear condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y desarrollo sostenible; auguramos 
una exitosa implementación de dichas políticas a favor de los intereses del pueblo y Gobierno 
mexicanos.  
4.289.   México es sin duda un importante actor en el comercio regional y mundial, tanto por sus 
relaciones a nivel bilateral con muchos países, entre ellos el Ecuador, como por su interacción en 
entendimientos y mecanismos comerciales, así como por su participación en el sistem a multilateral 
de comercio. Por esos motivos las decisiones que aplique, en relación con su política comercial, 
tendrán siempre un impacto en el comercio internacional.  
4.290.   Ecuador reconoce el compromiso de México con el libre comercio, la movilidad de capita les 
y la integración productiva, características de una economía de mercado vigorosa cuyos beneficios 
redundan en beneficio de su sociedad. Medidas como la reducción significativa de sus líneas 
arancelarias, la apertura de sus sectores de servicios e inver sión y la implementación de políticas 
para la diversificación de sus mercados, constituyen destacados aspectos de su perfil comercial.  
4.291.   No obstante, el comercio dinámico con sus contrapartes, en línea con sus compromisos 
normativos internacionales, notamos que México mantiene algunas prácticas comerciales como el 
establecimiento de contingentes arancelarios, licencias no automáticas, así como, regulaciones no 
arancelarias, tales como, reglamentos técnicos y medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, que, en cierto s 
casos afectan a las importaciones e impiden el acceso efectivo al mercado mexicano. Sin embargo, WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  confiamos en que, con un adecuado manejo de dichas prácticas comerciales, acompañado de 
iniciativas y programas orientados a la diversificación de su economí a, al fomento de la inversión 
extranjera y a la reducción de la dependencia de los ingresos provenientes del petróleo, México 
generará un impacto positivo en el relacionamiento con sus socios comerciales.  
4.292.   Ecuador y México mantienen un intercambio comercial  mutuamente beneficioso para ambas 
partes, en el año 2021 superó los USD  161 millones, sin tomar en cuenta a los hidrocarburos y sus 
derivados, lo que refleja un incremento del 81% en comparación al año 2020. Esta cifra es una 
demostración de la recuperaci ón de los lazos comerciales bilaterales, factor clave para la reactivación 
económica tras la crisis provocada por la COVID -19. 
4.293.   En 2021, la inversión extrajera directa desde México hacia el Ecuador alcanzó los 
USD 37 millones, en su mayoría dirigida al sect or de la construcción, lo que ha aportado a la creación 
de empleos en la sociedad ecuatoriana.  
4.294.   Para el Ecuador, México es uno de los principales mercados de varios productos agrícolas e 
industriales, entre los cuales podemos destacar extractos y aceites ve getales, cacao, productos 
alimenticios, manufacturas de cuero, enlatados de pescado, manufacturas de fibras textiles, jugos 
y conservas de fruta, entre otros. Por este motivo, seguimos con particular atención la normativa 
que México aplica en su sector agr opecuario y manufacturero, incluido el esquema sanitario y 
fitosanitario, así como las reglamentaciones técnicas.  
4.295.   En lo que respecta a las importaciones, el Ecuador compra a México principalmente 
medicinas, electrodomésticos, automóviles livianos, polímero s y maquinas industriales.  
4.296.   Mi delegación quiere destacar en esta oportunidad que, se encuentra en marcha el proceso 
de negociación de Acuerdo de Integración Productiva entre México y Ecuador, el cual se inició en 
el 2019 y que ha sido aludido tanto en la presentación de la Sra.  Subsecretaria, como por parte de 
la ponente en sus intervenciones en esta mañana, hacemos votos por una exitosa culminación de 
dicho Acuerdo, que propiciará un mayor espacio para la profundización de las relaciones comerciales 
y de la inversión entre los dos países. Al propio tiempo, el Acuerdo de Integración Productiva, 
complementará la serie de entendimientos del Ecuador con los países miembros de la Alianza del 
Pacífico, dando paso a la incorporación de nuestro país como miembr o pleno de dicho mecanismo y 
facilitando el crecimiento del intercambio comercial dentro de la Alianza del Pacífico y con las 
naciones que son contrapartes de ésta en el comercio mundial.  
4.297.   En el presente examen de políticas comerciales Ecuador ha presentado  preguntas por 
escrito, que versan principalmente sobre los análisis de riesgo de los requisitos fitosanitarios y 
zoosanitarios y los procedimientos para la facilitación del comercio, la aplicación de derechos 
aduaneros, así como el acceso a fuentes oficia les de datos comerciales. Aguardamos con interés y 
agradecemos desde ya a México por sus gentiles respuestas.  
4.298.   Quiero finalizar esta intervención augurándole a México una exitosa y fructífera conclusión 
de este séptimo examen de sus políticas comerciales.  
MALAYSIA  
4.299.   Allow me to warmly welcome Ms  Luz María de  La Mora Sánchez, Undersecretary for Foreign 
Trade  of the Ministry of Economy , and her delegations, both who are physically present here in 
Geneva under the leadership of Ambassador Villalobos Rodr íguez, as  well as those participating 
virtually from Mexico  City to its seventh  Trade Policy Review. We would also like to express our 
appreciation to the Mexican Government and the WTO Secretariat for the comprehensive review 
Reports and to Ambassador Clare  Kelly of New Zealand for her invaluable remarks and assessment 
of Mexico 's trade policy development since its last review in 2017.  
4.300.   Malaysia welcomes the opportunity to participate in Mexico 's seventh  Trade Policy Review.  
4.301.   Malaysia would like to commend Mexico for its continued efforts to facilitate international 
trade against the backdrop of economic uncertainty. We acknowledge Mexico 's participation in 
various free trade arrangements and regional integration efforts that promotes access to the Mexican 
market and attract investment.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.302.   At the multilateral front, Malaysia appreciates Mexico 's diligent and constructive role in many 
WTO initiatives that Malaysia has also taken part in, particular ly Mexico 's contributions to the 
Informal Work Programme for MSME s that led to the creation of the "Trade4MSMEs " platform.  
4.303.   At the bilateral level, Malaysia and Mexico enjoy an increasingly robust economic 
relationship. In 2021, Mexico was Malaysia 's second  largest trading partner, largest export 
destination and the third largest import source in Latin  America. Total trade in 2021 increased 
significantly by 37.5% to USD  3.4 billion, from USD  2.4 billion in 2020. In the same period, 
Malaysia 's exports to Mexico increased by 37.9% to USD  2.8 billion . 
4.304.   Malaysia and Mexico are  also key partners at the regional level, by virtue of our shared 
membership in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Comprehensive and 
Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).  
4.305.   For this current review, Malaysia had submi tted written questions on areas such as digital 
economy, services, FDI, government procurement , and intellectual property rights.  
4.306.   We would like to take this opportunity to thank the delegation of Mexico for responding to 
our questions and we shall examine the responses with great interest.  
4.307.   With that, we wish the delegation of Mexico a productive and successful seventh Trade Policy 
Review.  
VIET NAM 
4.308.   On behalf of Viet  Nam's delegation, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the distinguished 
delegation from Me xico led by H .E. Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez , Undersecretary for Foreign Trade 
to its seventh  Trade Policy Review. I would like to thank the Government of Mexico and the WTO 
Secretariat for the preparation of comprehensive Reports for this review. My than ks also go to the 
discussant, Ambassador H.E . Ms Clare Kelly of New  Zealand for her insightful observations and 
introduction.  
4.309.   Since its last Trade Policy Review, we are pleased to note that the Mexic an economy 
rebounded after a severe downturn starting in mid -2018. We share the same view with Mexico that , 
strengthening the network of trade and investment treaties and agreements is among the best 
pathways to prosperity and welcome Mexico 's strong commitm ent to the multilateral trading system. 
We highly appreciate Mexico 's active participation in areas concerning WTO reform, the reactivation 
of the Appellate Body, MSMEs, Trade and Gender, E-commerce, among other things.  
4.310.   For our trade relations, we are plea sed to be Mexico 's 12th biggest trading partners in recent 
years. In 2021, bilateral trade recorded a year -on-year increase of 37.5 % to over USD 5 billion. 
Mexico 's major exports to Viet  Nam include machinery, vehicles, electrical and electronic equipment.  
Viet Nam's major export items to Mexico are telephone of all types and components, computers and 
electronic products and components, footwear, and seafood products.  
4.311.   Viet Nam and Mexico have been parties of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement 
for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Given the fact that the CPTPP is a high -standard and "new 
generation " agreement, with the commitments made to each other in this Agreement, bilateral trade 
between Viet  Nam and Mexico is expected to expand strongly and sus tainably in the coming time, 
bringing about practical benefits for both countries and the people.  
4.312.   In conclusion, I would like to take this opportunity to thank H.E . Mr Ángel Villalobos 
Rodríguez and his team at the Mission for the preparation of this revie w as well as their constructive 
and active contribution and engagement in WTO activities, especially Ambassador Villalobos 
Rodríguez for his able leadership in his capacity as Chair of this Trade Policy Review Body. I wish 
Mexico a successful seventh  Trade  Policy Review.  
INDIA   
4.313.   Let me begin by e xtending a warm welcome to the delegation of Mexico led by H.E. Ms Luz 
María de  la Mora Sánchez , Undersecretary for Foreign Trade. India is pleased to be part of the WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  seventh  Trade Policy Review of Mexico today. My de legation would further like to commend the 
Government of Mexico, the delegation in Geneva led by H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez  and the 
WTO Secretariat for their comprehensive Reports. I would also like to thank the discussant, 
H.E. Ms Clare Kelly (New Zealand)  for her insightful remarks.  
4.314.   India and Mexico shared an active, diversified, and expanding bilateral relationship. The 
status of this relationship was elevated from a privileged partnership to strategic partnership during 
Indian Prime  Minister 's visit to Mexico 2016. Ties of friendship and solidarity continue to grow 
stronger between our countries, even during the pandemic. Mexico was the first country in 
Latin America to receive vaccines from India in February  2021. India's External Affairs Mi nister visit 
to Mexico later in September  2021 followed by Mexico's Foreign Minister visit to India in March  2022 
have further bolstered our relations.  
4.315.   Economic and commercial relations are an important pillar of this relationship. There are 
regular meetin gs of bilateral interactive mechanisms which include a Joint Commission and a 
High-level Group on Trade, Investment, and Economic Cooperation ; as well as consultations between 
the two foreign ministries.  There also exist between us several bilateral agreem ents, including 
investments protection and promotion, double taxation avoidance, extradition, administrative 
assistance in customs matters, air services, and cooperation in many other sectors.  
4.316.   Mexico has emerged as the third most important trade partner of  India in the entire Americas 
after US and Brazil. The global trade and economic crisis deeply affected the trade between India 
and Mexico in 2020. The year 2021 showed clear sings of recovery in the trade exchange, as the 
total trade ascended to USD  10.11  billion.  
4.317.   Indian companies see Mexico as a major investment destination, and several Indian 
companies have invested in Mexico in the recent years. The three strongest performing areas  for 
Indian investments in Mexico are information technology, pharmaceut icals, and automotive sector.  
4.318.   After the Secretariat Report, the Mexican economy started facing severe downturns  since 
mid-2018 which was exacerbated by the COVID -19 pandemic and caused the GDP to shrink 
by 8.2%. However, in 2021 the economy has rebounded w ith a GDP growth of around 4.8% thanks 
in large part to the measures adopted to deal with the pandemic. The challenges for the Mexican 
economy remain addressing income inequalities, reducing poverty, increasing labour productivity, 
and diversifying the eco nomy.  
4.319.   We take note of Mexico's export promotion and agricultural support programmes as well as 
some recent export bans administered by the Government to meet the national priorities and needs, 
to increase productivity and competitiveness in these sectors, as well as to improve their 
self-sufficiency.  
4.320.   As a part of this TPR exercise, my delegation has submitted several questions on various 
schemes, policies, and measures of the Mexican Government in areas like goods, services, 
agriculture, intellectual proper ty, trade facilitation, etc. Our capital will be perusing the responses to 
these questions. I wish to state here that certain non -tariff measures by Mexico especially in the 
areas of textiles, pharmaceuticals, and steel, remain irritants in realizing the f ull potential of our 
bilateral trade relationships and we request Mexico to review these measures.  
4.321.   Finally, we note the commitment of Mexico to the multilateral trading system, both India 
and Mexico have shared interest in a strong and effective multilateral trading system, and we look 
forward to working with the Government of Mexico towards achieving the shared objective. We 
remain committed to working closely with Mexico in further expanding our economic ties for mutual 
benefit and we wish the d elegation of Mexico a productive and successful TPR.  
URUGUAY  
4.322.   Uruguay desea brindar la más cordial bienvenida a la delegación de México, encabezada por 
la Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior, Sra.  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, en oportunidad del 
séptimo exam en de sus políticas comerciales a quien agradecemos por su presentación. Asimismo, 
agradecemos a la Secretaría por su completo informe y a la ponente, Sra.  Clare Kelly, Embajadora 
de Nueva  Zelandia, por su excelente ponencia.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.323.   Nuestros países mantienen impo rtantes lazos de amistad que se ven reflejados en el hecho 
de que, el primer tratado de libre comercio bilateral suscrito por Uruguay fue con México, en el año 
2004. De forma paralela tenemos en vigor un acuerdo en el sector automotor, y ambos enmarcan 
el importante flujo comercial entre nuestros países.  
4.324.   En 2011, suscribimos un acuerdo de asociación estratégica, con el objetivo de fortalecer la 
relación bilateral mediante el establecimiento de una asociación estratégica en materia política, 
económica, comer cial y de cooperación. Dicho acuerdo establece la creación de una Comisión de 
Asuntos Económicos, Comerciales y de Inversiones, la cual informa directamente a la Comisión 
Administradora del TLC.  
4.325.   En los últimos años, la balanza comercial es superavitaria pa ra Uruguay, gracias a las 
exportaciones desde zona franca de la empresa PEPSICO, principal exportador hacia México. Si 
dejamos de lado los bienes provenientes de zonas francas, el principal producto exportado por 
Uruguay es el arroz y en un segundo plano e ncontramos a los quesos, derivados de la madera y 
cueros. Nuestro país importa desde México, mayormente, productos manufacturados de tecnología 
media, principalmente automóviles.  
4.326.   Uruguay y México coinciden en que la OMC juega una función central en el sist ema 
multilateral de comercio basado en normas y compartimos la necesidad de asegurar que ésta siga 
siendo relevante en el futuro y pueda estar a la altura de las circunstancias. Trabajamos juntos en 
la implementación de los compromisos asumidos en la CM12,  el "Paquete de Ginebra", sobre todo 
en defender el mandato del art.  20 del Acuerdo sobre Agricultura; la reactivación del Órgano de 
Apelaciones; la implementación del acuerdo para impedir los subsidios a la pesca ilegal, no declarada 
y no reglamentada; as í como en todos los temas relativos a la lucha contra la pandemia de la 
COVID -19. 
4.327.   México es parte del Grupo de Trabajo Informal sobre Mipymes, y vemos que en este séptimo 
examen se han incorporado muchas de las recomendaciones que el grupo ha acordado, con  una 
constante mención a este tema en cada política comercial descrita, tanto en el informe de la 
Secretaría como en informe del Gobierno. Me gustaría destacar la asistencia en formación digital en 
el marco de la recuperación postpandemia, el apoyo multidi sciplinario a las mipymes de los pueblos 
indígenas, el sistema de microcréditos para los emprendedores en el medio rural, así como las 
medidas de facilitación del comercio vinculadas con procedimientos aduaneros. En este sentido, le 
agradezco su rol destac ado en la coordinación de la implementación de la plataforma Trade4MSMES.  
4.328.   Me gustaría reconocer y agradecer el intenso trabajo de Embajador Ángel  Villalobos 
Rodríguez y su equipo a la hora de coordinar posiciones y siempre mantener un enfoque constructivo 
a la hora de atender los asuntos que nos interesan.  
4.329.   Durante este proceso de revisión, hemos presentado algunas preguntas sobre temas de 
acceso a mercados de productos agropecuarios. Nuestros Gobiernos están trabajando para concretar 
habilitaciones sanitari as para el arroz y plantas lácteas, así como en acceso al mercado de nuevos 
productos de origen vegetal tales como los granos de colza, mandarina y sus derivados y arándanos.  
4.330.   Para finalizar, quisiéramos reiterar nuestra apreciación por este nuevo ejercicio  de 
intercambio sobre las prácticas comerciales de México, y esperamos seguir cooperando en todos los 
frentes, bilateral y aquí en la OMC.  
EL SALVADOR  
4.331.   En nombre del Gobierno de El  Salvador, deseo unirme a las delegaciones que me han 
precedido, dando la bienvenida a la distinguida delegación del Gobierno de México, encabezada por 
la Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior , Sra. Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez , así como a l Embajador 
Villalobo s, en su calidad de Representante Permanente de México ante la OMC y a todos los colegas 
y amigos que nos acompañan de capital y de la Misión aquí en Ginebra.  
4.332.   Asimismo, agradezco las muy acertadas apreciaciones de la Embajadora Kelly y a la 
Secretar ía por el excelente informe presentado.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.333.   Este séptimo examen de las políticas comerciales nos permite constatar las dificultades que 
todos los países Miembros de esta Organización, incluyendo México, hemos enfrentado a raíz de la 
pandemia, y los que estamos enfre ntando actualmente por otros acontecimientos geopolíticos que 
repercuten directamente en nuestras economías.  
4.334.   Como todos nosotros, México implementó diversas medidas para superar los efectos 
negativos de la pandemia, las cuales estuvieron en gran medida en focadas a atender a las familias 
y a las empresas más afectadas, particularmente las pequeñas y medianas empresas.  
4.335.   La COVID -19 tuvo consecuencias negativas en materia fiscal y monetaria. De igual forma, 
en materia de comercio internacional, México sufrió una fuerte contracción de las exportaciones e 
importaciones de bienes y servicios en 2020, etapa que ha logrado ser superada con la trayectoria 
de recuperación que experimentó este país.  
4.336.   Durante el período objeto de examen, México ha reforzado su compromi so de fortalecer y 
hacer más eficiente su plataforma exportadora, con el fin de lograr una mayor diversificación de 
mercados y de su oferta exportable, incrementar la competitividad del sector productivo nacional y 
de lograr una inserción más eficiente en las cadenas de valor regionales y globales.  
4.337.   En el marco multilateral, se subraya la activa participación de México en diversos temas de 
la OMC y que forman parte de sus tres estrategias de la agenda comercial: fortalecimiento del 
sistema multilateral del comercio, la reactivación del Órgano de Apelaciones y del brazo negociador. 
Cabe destacar el liderazgo del Embajador Villalobos, quien ha presidido diversos Órganos de la OMC, 
incluyendo el Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales.  
4.338.   México otorga gran importancia a esta Organización como foro para acordar disciplinas y 
compromisos encaminados a reducir los obstáculos al comercio internacional, mismos que 
aplaudimos. El país es especialmente activo en varios frentes de negociación y en las iniciativas 
conjuntas en materia de facilitación de las inversiones, comercio electrónico, reglamentación 
nacional de los servicios y los debates estructurados sobre medio ambiente y sostenibilidad . 
4.339.   Asimismo, participa en la iniciativa conjunta de mipymes, donde ha lide rado la coordinación 
de la plataforma Trade4MSMES. Al mismo tiempo, México favorece y aboga por una mejor 
participación e inclusión de la mujer en el comercio internacional, por ello es parte del Grupo Informal 
de Trabajo sobre Comercio y Género de la OMC.   
4.340.   Es importante señalar que México mantiene una amplia red de acuerdos comerciales que 
incluye la región Centroamericana.  
4.341.   En el ámbito bilateral, México continúa siendo un importante socio comercial para 
El Salvador. El valor de las exportaciones salvador eñas hacia México entre agosto  2021 y 
agosto  2022 aumentó un 33%. Tomando en cuenta el año completo, las exportaciones salvadoreñas 
hacia México en 2021 fueron de USD 140 millones, dichas exportaciones equivalen al 2% respecto 
al total de las exportaciones  al mundo, ubicando a  México en la posición número seis como destino 
de las exportaciones de El  Salvador, después de Estados  Unidos y algunos países centroamericanos.  
4.342.   Definitivamente a lo largo de 164  años de relaciones diplomáticas, El  Salvador y México han 
avanzado considerablemente en la construcción de una amistad sólida reflejada en múltiples 
muestras de solidaridad y colaboración en las áreas político -diplomáticas, económico -comerciales, 
migratorias y de cooperación, entre otras, tanto a nivel bilate ral, regional y multilateral.  
4.343.   No me queda más que desear a México muchos éxitos en este examen . 
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA  
4.344.   Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the head of the delegation Ms  Luz María 
de la Mora S ánchez, Under secretary for Foreign Trade, to the Ambassador H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos 
Rodríguez  and the entire  delegation from Mexico. I would also like to express my appreciation to 
Mexico for its comprehensive Government Report and statement and thank the Chair Ambassador 
of Bo tswana H.E.  Ms Athaliah Lesiba Molokomme, and to the discussant Ambassador WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  H.E. Ms Clare Kelly (New  Zealand), as well as the Secretariat for their important insights. I will 
briefly address several points.  
4.345.   The Republic of Moldova strongly commends Mexico for its active participation in regular 
activities of the WTO. Being among the founding Members of this Organization, it is actively involved 
in negotiations and discussions on new trade related topics as well, setting commendable example 
for Member countr ies. It is also commendable Mexico 's high degree of integration in international 
trade, and the importance it attaches to the smooth functioning of the rule s-based multilateral 
trading system created within WTO that contributes to inclusive and sustainable  development of our 
economies.  
4.346.   In this context we extend our thanks to Mexico, particularly for their persistence and 
continuity while leading the initiative on the revitalization of the Appellate Body within the DSB which 
was supported and by our country.  
4.347.   Furthermore, the Republic of Moldova commends Mexico 's good transparency record and 
would encourage it to continue its efforts.  
4.348.   On another note, the Secretariat Report mentions that as a result of Article  IV consultations 
in 2021, the Internationa l Monetary Fund (IMF) noted that the Mexican economy is rebounding from 
its deepest recession in decades, driven by strong US growth and the pandemic -related re -opening 
of sectors. IMF Executive Directors commended the authorities for maintaining economic stability 
during the pandemic, underpinned by strong macroeconomic policies and institutional frameworks. 
However, they emphasized that while the economy continues to recover, there is a need to safeguard 
the recovery and promote stronger, more inclusive , and greener growth. The merit in additional 
fiscal support targeting health and education, social safety nets and quality public investment, along 
with enhanced spending efficiency, and reform of the business strategy and governance of 
State -owned compan ies was also underlined . Mexico is also urged to implement a medium -term tax 
reform as the economy strengthens, which would help finance needed social and public investment 
spending and put the public -debt-to-GDP ratio on a firm downward trajectory.  
4.349.   In this context, the Republic of Moldova encourages the Government of  Mexico to continue 
its reform agenda to address issues affecting the business and investment environment to ensure 
the benefits of its economy c ontinue to be broadly shared among its citizens.  
4.350.   From a bilateral perspective, this year the Republic of Moldova marks 30  years of diplomatic 
relations with Mexico. Additionally, the Republic of Moldova welcomes the recent increase in our 
bilateral trade w ith Mexico. While still modest, we look forward to continued growth in this area. 
I would like to highlight a couple of domains where improvements would be of particular interest to 
the Republic of Moldova, namely efforts to increase our bilateral trade, p articularly in our top 
exported products which are electrical machinery and equipmen t; cereals ; oil seeds and oleaginous 
fruits; edible fruit and nuts ; and of course, wine, spirits and vinegar ; also, furniture ; and articles of 
apparel and clothing accessor ies. 
4.351.   Concluding, the Republic of Moldova welcomes  Mexico 's commitment to the rules -based 
multilateral trading system and its very active and admirable participation in the Joint Statements 
Initiatives (JSI) on e -commerce, investment facilitation for develo pment, services domestic 
regulation, and active leading participation and in micro, small and medium sized enterprises, as 
well as all other informal groups. We also look forward to working closely with Ambassador Villalobos 
and his team to strengthen the WTO. I wish Mexico utmost successful and productive TPR. 
ESTADO PLURINACIONAL DE BOLIVIA  
4.352.   El Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia da la bienvenida a la Sra.  Luz María de la Mora Sánchez, 
Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior, al Embajadora Ángel Villalobos Rodrígue z, y a toda su honorable 
delegación tanto de capital como en Ginebra. Agradecemos la presentación tan exhaustiva de su 
séptimo examen de las política s comercial es y la información compartida con todos los Miembros de 
la OMC. Asimismo, agradecemos a la Secr etaría por su informe y a la Embajadora de Nueva  Zeland ia 
por sus importantes contribuciones.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.353.   Los históricos lazos de hermandad, solidaridad y apoyo que unen a nuestros pueblos y 
Gobiernos han permitido consolidar nuestra relación política y retomar e impulsar la agenda 
económica comercial y la promoción de inversiones. Esperamos avanzar en este ob jetivo y fortalecer 
nuestras relaciones comerciales en el marco del Acuerdo de Complementación Económica 
México -Bolivia (ACE -66), vigente desde el año 2010, como herramienta para aprovechar el potencial 
de la relación económic o-comercial entre ambos países  para estimular la expansión y diversificación, 
promover la facilitación del comercio.  
4.354.   En este contexto, los Presidentes de nuestros países manifestaron de profundizar relación 
bilateral, reactivando los mecanismos foros de diálogo en materia no solo econ ómica y comercial, si 
no también consular y migratoria; cooperación técnica, científica y cultural, y cooperación contra el 
narcotráfico y la farmacodependencia.   
4.355.   México es un socio estratégico para Bolivia, por lo que reiteramos el interés mutuo de 
explo rar áreas de complementariedad en cadenas productivas, así como promover proyectos de 
cooperación en sectores de interés como el litio, en beneficio de ambos países.  
4.356.   En este espíritu constructivo Bolivia ha formulado algunas preguntas referidas 
específicam ente a los regímenes aduaneros y la simplificación de trámites y promoción del comercio 
a la honorable delegación de México buscando una mejor comprensión de sus buenas prácticas en 
ese ámbito y apreciaremos sus amables respuestas.  
4.357.   Esperamos seguir trabaj ando juntos en los temas en los que coincidamos y que hoy son 
fundamentales dentro de nuestra Organización, la reforma de la OMC, el funcionamiento del Órgano 
de Apelación, por lo cual le agradecemos su liderazgo, así como la reforma del comercio agrícola,  
respuestas efectivas a la pandemia  y encontrar respuestas colectivas ante la emergencia climática, 
por lo que nos complace su anuncio de ser parte del diálogo informal sobre plásticos, con miras a 
fortalecer un sistema de comercio transparente , inclusivo y basado en normas.  
4.358.   Aprovechamos la ocasión para agradecer la solidaridad de México con Bolivia durante el 
golpe de estado en 2019, y el compromiso y el apoyo de México a Bolivia en la lucha contra la 
pandemia COVID -19, con la concretización del envío de i nsumos médicos esenciales para nuestro 
país en el interés mutuo de priorizar el bienestar de los pueblos, la inclusión social y el desarrollo 
sostenible.  
4.359.   Finalmente, reiteramos el agradecimiento por la información presentada por la delegación 
México y reco nocemos los avances realizados en su política comercial a pesar de las dificultades 
causadas por la pandemia y les deseamos un exitoso séptimo examen de  sus política s comercial es. 
JAMAICA  
4.360.   Jamaica is delighted to participate in the seventh  Trade Policy Revi ew of Mexico and joins 
others in extending a warm welcome to the delegation headed by H .E. Luz María de  la Mora S ánchez, 
Undersecretary for Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economy. We would like to thank you Chair for the 
excellent arrangements for the meeting,  and commend our discussant, H .E. Clare Kelly of 
New Zealand for sharing her perspectives for today 's review exercise. We also appreciate the 
comprehensive Reports prepared by the Government of Mexico and the Secretariat.  
4.361.   Jamaica and Mexico have a mutually beneficial bilateral relationship including cooperation in 
culture, trade and investment, tourism as well as health. Jamaica also has a strong bilateral and 
intra-regional institutional relationship with Mexico within the context of CARICOM, Organ ization of 
American States (OAS) and the Association of Caribbean States (ACS). We look forward to our 
continued dialogue to further strengthen the relations between our two countries.  
4.362.   According to the World  Bank, Mexico, with its rich cultural history and  natural resources, 
ranks 15th among the world 's largest economies and is the second largest in Latin  America. The 
World  Bank's report reveals that there is still much more potential for growth when compared to 
similar countries.  
4.363.   Mexico did not escape the  damaging effects of the COVID -19 pandemic. However, the 
Government 's quick action in implementing sound socioeconomic policies, based on responsible debt WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  management, a monetary policy focused on ensuring low and stable inflation as well as a flexible 
exchange rate, allowed for the country to rebound positively in 2021. We commend the Mexican 
Government 's commitment to facilitating trade, including the maintenance of the flow of vaccines 
and medicals products during the pandemic, as well as the action taken  to ensure to overcome 
supply chain constraints. In this regard, we express our appreciation to the Government of Mexico 
for its invaluable support, through the supply of critical COVID -19 vaccines, to Jamaica 's national 
COVID -19 response.  
4.364.   Against worldwi de inflationary pressures, the geo -political situation in Europe, we are 
heartened to note that Mexico 's economic outlook remains positive. Already, trade and foreign direct 
investment have exceeded pre -pandemic levels.  
4.365.   We view positively the Government 's continued efforts to improve its performance in the 
export of goods and services, and expand trade via the implementation of its Sectoral Programme 
for the Economy 2020 -2024. Jamaica shares some of the objectives outlined in the programme  and 
believes tha t its full implementation will not only augur well for its citizens, but for bilateral, regional 
and international trade. We encourage all Members to support Mexico 's efforts in this regard. 
Jamaica further commends the Government 's commitment to strengthe n and improve the efficiency 
of its export platform, as well as actions being taken to facilitate trade. We view positively the 
implementation of measures such as the electronic customs clearance system, updating of the Single 
Window for Mexican Foreign Tr ade (VUCEM), and divesting of powers to various Federal Government 
departments and bodies involved in the fight against the pandemic to facilitate the smooth transfer 
of goods. We support further the establishment of a National Trade Facilitation Committee  to allow 
for improved coordination among relevant government entities. We encourage Mexico to continue 
these efforts going forward.  
4.366.   Jamaica and Mexico have a shared commitment to strengthening the international 
rules-based multilateral trading system. As a mutual partner, Jamaica welcomes Mexico 's 
commitment to the strengthening of system, with the WTO as its core institution, and commends 
Mexico for its active participation in the WTO and in informal groupings of WTO Members, such as 
the Friends of the Sy stem, matters related fisheries, the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), as well as 
the WTO Informal Working Group on Trade and Gender. We note the leadership role played by 
Mexico with a view to reconstitute the Appellate Body in a bid to ensuring that all asp ects of the 
dispute settlement system offer guarantees for compliance with the provisions of the various WTO 
Agreements.  
4.367.   Jamaica extends special commendations to Ambassador Ángel Villalobos Rodr íguez and his 
team for their active and constructive engagemen t on issues within the WTO and their contribution 
to strengthening the WTO and the multilateral trading system. We look forward to further exchanges 
as we seek to implement the outcomes of the MC12  that took place in June and embark on our 
preparation for MC13.  
4.368.   In closing, Jamaica once more extends its best wishes to Mexico for a successful Trade Policy 
Review.  
MAURITIUS  
4.369.   Let me join you and other delegations in welcoming the Mexican delegation led by 
H.E. Ms Luz Mar ía de la Mora Sánchez, Undersecretary for Foreign Trade.  We also thank the 
discussant, H .E. Ambassador Clare  Kelly for her insightful remarks.  
4.370.   Allow me at the outset, to offer my condolences to the Mexican delegation for the damage 
caused by the passing of hurricane Orlene which made a landfall in southwest Mexico yesterday and 
also for the high magnitude earthquakes of last week in Mexico  City. We know the resilience of the 
Mexican people and we know that they will surmount these difficulties.  
4.371.   Mauritius is pleased to participate in this seventh  Trade Policy Review of the Mexico and we 
congratulate Mexico for its strong economic performance during the period under review as well as 
a rapid recovery initiatives from the C OVID -19 pandemic. We note from the Trade Policy Review 
reports that trade has played a crucial role in the economic recovery.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.372.   In this respect, we commend the vari ous support measures put in place by the Mexican 
Government in order to mitigate the economic fallout from the pandemic including the business 
support programmes to enterprises.   
4.373.   As founding Members of the WTO, Mauritius and Mexico share a similar commitm ent to the 
smooth functioning of a rules -based multilateral trading system that contributes to inclusive and 
sustainable development.  
4.374.   We acknowledge the constructive positions taken by Mexico for the preservation and the 
promotion of the multilateral trad ing system, particularly with the reference to the two -tier dispute 
settlement system at the WTO.  
4.375.   In addition, we acknowledge Mexico 's active participation in plurilateral frameworks under 
the WTO, including the Joint Statement Initiative s on investment fa cilitation, e -commerce and 
services domestic services regulation.  
4.376.   We note that Mexico has implemented several initiatives in recent years to facilitate trade 
including the implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and updating the Single Window 
for Mexican Foreign Trade. Mexico has also an open trade and investment framework, which is 
reflected by its low average tariffs.  
4.377.   We commend Mexico for its recent promulgation of the Federal Law on Industrial Property 
Protection. This new law will create a c onducive environment for innovators and transfer of 
technology.  
4.378.   We believe that export promotion and investment institutions of both countries can work 
together to establish possible trade and business linkages.  
4.379.   As Africa looks forward to upscaling its e ngagement with major partners, especially following 
the launch of the African Continental Free Trade Area, we hope that Mexican businesses will establish 
value chains, with Africa and deepen its engagements with countries of the Indian Ocean.  
4.380.   Last but not least, let me recognize the excellent contribution of my neighbour and brother 
H.E. Ambassador Ángel Villalobos Rodr íguez in the WTO process and in helping to advance the 
negotiations and the multilateral trade system.  
4.381.   We wish him and his Embassy every su ccess for this Trade Policy Review.  
RUSSIAN  FEDERATION  
4.382.   Let me start by saying that we reject the declaration that we heard today from one 
delegation. We believe that all Members should refrain from disrupting the WTO work and should 
raise political issues  exclusively in relevant fora that are mandated to discuss them.  
4.383.   I would like to extend our welcome to the delegation of Mexico. We appreciate the 
comprehensive Reports by the Government and the WTO Secretariat. Our thanks also go to the 
discussant, H.E.  Ms Clare Kelly (New  Zealand ), for her thoughtful remarks. We hope that this TPR 
would contribute significantly to the transparency of the trade regime of Mexico.  
4.384.   We would like to commend the Government of Mexico for carrying out effective trade and 
investm ent policies that ensured solid economic performance and resilience of its economy during 
the review period. It seems that the Government was relatively successful at addressing the 
COVID -19 challenges with timely and effective interventions that allowed t o minimize economic 
impact of the pandemic.  
4.385.   Of course, the current global economic downturn affected Mexico 's trade performance. The 
Government 's Report mentions that "the recent geopolitical crisis stemming from the conflict 
between the Russia n Federation  and Ukraine has led to an increase in food, fuel and fertilizer prices, 
as well as to greater economic uncertainty and lower global growth expectations ". Let us be clear 
on facts. Energy and food crises started emerging long before. In general, prices for  agricultural WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  commodities are on an upward trend from the second half of 2020. This trend was exacerbated by 
unilateral restrictive measures in a wide array of areas – from logistics to financial services.  
4.386.   The same Report assures that "Mexico is convinced of the importance of trade as a vital 
element in the functioning of the international economy ". The Russian  Federation shares this view. 
We therefore highly appreciate Mexico 's continued commitment to the core values of the multilateral 
trading system and the WTO which was proved by the decision not undermine this Organization 's 
rulebook by introducing unilateral economic restrictive measures.  
4.387.   Mexico is one of the Russia n Federation 's key foreign economic partners in Latin  America 
and consistently ranks second in terms of trade volumes. According to our data, by the end of 2021, 
the Russian -Mexican trade turnover more than doubled compared to the previous year and 
amounted to USD  4.8 billion, exceeding the historical maximum.  
4.388.   According to the Economic Information System of the Central Bank of Mexico, in the first 
half of 2022, the volume of imports from the Russia n Federation  amounted to almost USD  1.2 billion, 
which is 21% higher tha n last year. The Russia n Federation  is the main international supplier of 
fertilizers to Mexico with a share of about a quarter of all imports of nitrogen and mixed nitrogen, 
phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Other important imports from the Russia n Feder ation are rolled 
steel, aluminium , and synthetic rubber.  
4.389.   We look forward to working with the authorities of Mexico in order to continue expanding 
our trade and investment ties for mutual benefit.  
4.390.   In conclusion, we would like to thank you  Chair, the delegat ion of Mexico, the Secretariat 
and the discussant, for the work done so far and wish Mexico a successful Trade Policy Review.  
THAILAND  
4.391.   It is my pleasure to participate in the seventh  Trade Policy Review of Mexico. We warmly 
welcome Undersecretary for Foreign Trade, H .E. Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez and her delegation 
to Geneva.  
4.392.   We thank you Chair for your introductory remarks and the discussant, Ambassador 
Clare Kelly for her insightful and helpful discussion as always. In addition, we appreciate the Mexica n 
Government and the WTO Secretariat for their excellent, comprehensive, and detailed Reports.  
4.393.   Chair, please allow me to share a few remarks with respect to the Mexico 's seventh  TPR.  
4.394.   First of all, I would like to highlight that Thailand and Mexico share a  number of similar 
characteristics in terms of economic development. Both countries are an upper middle -income 
country that is highly dependent on international trade as well as tourism and other exports, 
including agricultural products which are still imp ortant for both countries. We take note with 
satisfaction that the Mexican government 's policies in this area have been moving forward towards 
greater liberalization. Moreover, Thailand and Mexico are also an active member of APEC. In fact, 
the Mexican Ambassador (H.E.  Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez) was in Bangkok for the APEC  MRT 
meeting earlier this year to represent the Government of Mexico of which we are very grateful.  
4.395.   Second, the Mexican economy is characterized by low but rather stable growth rate durin g 
the review period. Since 2016, the Mexican economy has grown at 0.2% However, we note that 
in 2021 the Mexican economy experienced strong economic recovery where the GDP rebounded 
significantly at 4.8% with the value of exports and imports exceeding the pre-pandemic levels. This 
is due mainly, in our view, to the government 's swift adoption of responsive measures and the 
foreign trade as its driver of growth.  
4.396.   During the review period, we have seen the trade and investment between Thailand and 
Mexico growing rather quickly, despite a small drop in 2020 due to the COVID -19 pandemic. In  2021, 
Mexico is Thailand's largest trading partner in Latin  America and Thailand is Mexico's sixth largest 
trading partner in the Asia -Pacific region with a total trade o f USD  3.7 billion, recording 18.3% 
increase from the previous year .  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.397.   Thailand also welcomes the Mexican government 's policy to promote diversification of export 
markets and is pleased to observe the Mexican exports becoming less, despite still highly, 
geographically concentrated during the review period.  
4.398.   We hope to expand and deepen the economic collaboration on a wid e range of areas, 
especially with respect to the circular economy. I myself had spoken in many occasions to Mexican 
students visiting Thailand every year and had experienced how active young Mexican people were, 
which contributed considerably to the growth  of the Mexican economy.  
4.399.   Third, Thailand applauds Mexico for its invaluable contributions to the work of the WTO in 
many areas and appreciates active participation of Ambassador Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez in many 
fora, including the Joint Statement Initia tives. I have a fond memory of working closely with him in 
the fisheries subsidies negotiation. We very much look forward to the continued cooperation with 
Mexico in the future.  
4.400.    Last but not least, I cannot fail to mention a particular economic sector wh ich is of great 
importance to Thailand. That is the automobile and parts, of which both Thailand and Mexico are 
major exporters. In this regard, Thailand has been monitoring closely the development of the policies 
of the Mexican economy, notably with respe ct to the rules of origin that, as a result of the modified 
NAFTA agreement or the current USMCA agreement, have an impact on foreign direct investment in 
this particular sector. We would follow with interest the responses from the Mexican Government to 
the questions posed by other Members with respect to this concern.  
4.401.   In conclusion, we are pleased to participate in the seventh  TPR of Mexico today where many 
of us have learned so much about the latest development of Mexico 's trade and economic policies. 
We are also thankful for the cooperation with Mexico at every level and wish Mexico every success 
in its seventh Trade Policy Review.  
SRI LANKA  
4.402.   My delegation welcomes the delegation of Mexico led by Ms  Luz María de la Mora Sánchez, 
Undersecretary for Foreign Trade. We thank the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Mexico for 
their comprehensive Reports and appreciate Ambassador Clare  Kelly of New  Zealand on her 
insightful information and analysis as the discussant.  
4.403.   Sri Lanka acknowledges that Mexico as a fou nding Member of the WTO actively participates 
in the regular activities of the WTO, negotiations, and discussions on new trade -related topics, and 
gives its great importance to the smooth functioning of a rules -based multilateral trading system 
that contri butes to inclusive and sustainable development.  
4.404.   It is commendable that in 2016, Mexico ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement and 
undertook to implement all the agreed provisions immediately and in 2021, Mexico established its 
National Trade Facilitati on Committee. During the review period, Mexico has also continued to 
implement measures to facilitate trade, such as electronic customs clearance, the use of consolidated 
customs forms and the improvement of the Single Window for Mexican Foreign Trade.  
4.405.   Mexico gives its high degree of integration in international trade as Mexico's trade policy 
objectives are to promote foreign trade, defend its trade interests, and negotiate trade agreements. 
My delegation notes that regionalism is considered of utmost impor tance for Mexico's trade relations 
by signing many preferential trade agreements with its main trading partners.  
4.406.   We note that as a part of its trade strategy, Mexico promotes women's empowerment and 
the development of transport and logistics infrastructur e. However, it has shown that the use of 
trade as a tool to reduce poverty and socio -economic inequalities has not achieved the expected 
outcome in Mexico, as the export activities are predominantly focused on certain goods produced in 
a limited number of regions of the country. We believe that Mexico works hard to attract investment 
to different sectors and regions of the country with the objective of promoting export diversification.  
4.407.   We acknowledge that Mexico's exports continue to be dominated by manufac tured products 
and its export markets remain highly concentrated and services trade continued to be in deficit, 
while tourism industry was heavily affected by the pandemic during the review period.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.408.   We note that investment regime of Mexico is relatively op en, however, there are still some 
restrictions are imposed with regard to FDI. Certain activities, mainly in the energy and services 
sectors, are still reserved to the State or to Mexican legal and natural persons, while in other sectors 
the share of FDI i s limited.   
4.409.   My delegation acknowledges that as many economies in the world, the economy of Mexico 
was also badly affected in 2020 due to the COVID -19 pandemic. However, in 2021, the Mexican 
economy rebounded due to a substantial number of measures adopted  to deal with the pandemic, 
which were aimed primarily at assisting the hardest -hit families and businesses, particularly SMEs.  
4.410.   It is significant to note that Mexico wishes to establish itself as a new gateway for multimodal 
traffic between Asia and the ea st coast of the United  States and has begun work on the creation of 
a multimodal transport corridor.  
4.411.   My delegation notes that Mexico has continued to implement export promotion programmes, 
particularly to the manufacturing sector to promote productivity an d increase competitiveness. In 
addition, Mexico has other programmes to attract investments and create jobs, a number of which 
have been notified to the WTO. As the agricultural sector is of great importance to Mexico and it is 
also a net importer of agric ultural products, country has implemented a series of support 
programmes for the sector.  
4.412.   When it comes to bilateral trade relations between Sri  Lanka and Mexico, total trade between 
the two countries was US D 217 million in 2021. The balance of trade has al ways been in favour of 
Sri Lanka during last six years.  
4.413.   Mexico became the 15th export market for Sri  Lanka in 2021. The value of Sri  Lanka 's exports 
to Mexico has increased to US D 205 million in 2021 recording a 51% growth compared to 2020. 
Cinnamon and cinnamon -tree flowers have been the dominant export items accounting for more 
than 50% of the value of Sri  Lanka 's exports to Mexico in 2021. We acknowledge with sincere 
appreciation tha t Mexico has traditionally been one of the significant buyers of true cinnamon, which 
is known as "Ceylon Cinnamon " grown and produced in Sri  Lanka. As we have been successful in 
the EU market, Sri  Lanka looks forward to obtaining geographical indication protection for "Ceylon 
Cinnamon " in Mexico to ensure that the Mexican consumers can continue enjoy the flavours of true 
"Ceylon Cinnamon " in the future as well.  
4.414.   On the imports front, the pattern of the value of imports from Mexico to Sri  Lanka has been 
rather erratic during 2016 -2021 period while optical, medical or surgical instruments have become 
major import items from Mexico.  
4.415.   The Agreement on the Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries 
(GSTP) was established in 1988 as a framework for the exchange of trade preferences among 
developing countries to promote intra -developing -country trade. Both Sri  Lanka and Mexico are 
members of the GSTP. Sri  Lanka 's exports to Mexico under GSTP has increased to US D 49 million 
in 2021 recording a 31% increase in exports compared to 2020.  
4.416.   Furthermore, Sri  Lanka has potential of expanding its trade with Mexico in sectors such as 
apparel, rubber products, machinery and electrical machinery parts, essential oils, activated carbon, 
ceramic products, glass p roducts , etc. Sri  Lanka believes that there could be many more areas to 
be discovered to strengthen the bilateral relations between the two countries, and we look forward 
to exploring those opportunities.  
4.417.   In concluding, Sri  Lanka wishes the delegation of M exico a successful deliberation and 
productive outcomes on its seventh  Trade Policy Review.  
HONDURAS  
4.418.   Honduras le da la más cordial bienvenida a toda la delegación de México, encabezad a por su 
jefe de delegación S.E. Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez , Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior, así como 
nuestro reconocimiento al Embajador Villalobos y su equipo por su excelente labor, al tiempo que 
les agradecemos su declaración y su informe.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.419.   Extendemos nuestro agradecimiento a usted President a por su conducci ón y orientación, a 
la ponente Embajadora  Kelly, por sus valiosos aportes y a la Secretaría de la OMC por el excelente 
trabajo realizado.  
4.420.   Nuestras relaciones bilaterales se han visto enmarcadas por más de 143  años de relaciones 
diplomáticas en las que amba s partes hemos realizado esfuerzos para fortalecer y profundizar 
esquemas de concertación que resulten en acciones que coadyuven a impulsar mecanismos para 
enfrentar los desafíos que compartimos.  
4.421.   Prueba de ello fue la visita que el Presidente mexicano real izo a nuestro país en 
mayo  de 2022, en la que nuestros autoridades acordaron profundizar un mayor acercamiento a 
través de intercambios económicos, comerciales, culturales, agroalimentarios, educativos y 
científicos y tratar temas que nos permitan resolver  problemas en materia energética, incluida la 
continuación del sistema de interconexión eléctrica entre los países de nuestra región y México.  
4.422.   En cuanto a la relación comercial bilateral, tal como lo indican los informes examinados, el 
instrumento rector e s el Tratado de Libre Comercio Único vigente desde 2013. México es y ha sido 
un importante socio comercial para Honduras.  
4.423.   En el año 2021, el comercio bilateral alcanzó alrededor de USD 1.000  millones. Nuestras 
exportaciones registraron un valor de USD 162 millones, con un aumento de una tasa de crecimiento 
anual en valor entre 2017 -2021 del 3%.  
4.424.   Asimismo, importamos desde México más de USD 851 millones en máquinas, aparatos y 
material eléctrico  y sus partes, vehículos y plásticos y sus manufacturas.  
4.425.   En cuanto a los informes examinados, destacamos las acciones adoptadas por las 
autoridades mexicanas para promover la ampliación de los servicios de telecomunicaciones y 
radiodifusión en un ambiente  de competencia efectiva, tales como las medidas de regulación 
asimétrica a los agentes económicos preponderantes y las licitaciones competitivas de espectro 
radioeléctrico para servicios de radiodifusión y de telecomunicaciones, así como la asignación dir ecta 
de nuevas concesiones de espectro de uso público y social, incluyendo las comunitarias e indígenas.  
4.426.   Por otro lado, observamos con agrado la adopción del Programa Sectorial de Turismo 
2020-2024, el cual establece los objetivos prioritarios del sector, garantizando un enfoque social y 
de respeto de los derechos humanos en la actividad turística del país; impulsando el desarrollo 
equilibrado de los destinos turísticos, fortaleciendo la diversificación de mercados turísticos y 
fomentando el turismo sosteni ble en el territorio nacional.  
4.427.   La OCDE, en su último informe publicado en febrero de este año, resalta que el potencial de 
México para convertirse en una economía de alto crecimiento, es grande y agasajó a México por 
haber salvaguardado la estabilidad macr oeconómica en medio de la pandemia de COVID -19 
mediante la adopción de políticas macroeconómicas sólidas, respaldadas por un manejo innovador 
de la deuda y una política monetaria prudente unida a un régimen cambiario flexible.  
4.428.   Coincidimos con México que l a OMC es un bien público global, y que es necesario el 
compromiso y la voluntad de todos los miembros para mejorar, defender y fortalecer el sistema 
multilateral de comercio.  
4.429.   Finalmente, Honduras reconoce los aportes, logros y la activa participación de Mé xico en la 
OMC y les deseamos el mayor de los éxitos en la presentación de su séptimo examen de  las políticas 
comerciales.  
INDONESIA  
4.430.   Indonesia is pleased to participate in the seventh  Trade Policy Review of Mexico. We would 
like to join previous speakers in extending a very warm welcome to the delegation of Mexico, headed 
by H.E. Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, Undersecretary for Foreign Trade. We would also like to thank 
the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Mexico for their excellent Reports, as well as our 
appreciation to the TPRB Chair , and the discussant, Ambassador Clare  Kelly of New  Zealand for their 
insightful perspectives.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.431.   As indicated in the Reports, the OECD stated in the study that Mexico has a tremendous 
potential to become a high -growth economy, having transitioned from an oil -dependent economy to 
a manufacturing hub integrated in global value chains in the early 1990s.  
4.432.   We have observed that, during the review period, the Mexican economy grew relatively 
slowly and contracted by 8.2%  in 2020 as the result of the COVID -19 pandemic. Despite all the 
challenges posed by the COVID -19 pandemic, the Mexican economy recovered in 2021, with GDP 
growth around 4.8%. We believe that the business support programmes implemented by the 
Government wi ll provide benefits to the business world, especially small and medium -sized 
enterprises that are severely affected by COVID -19. 
4.433.   Mexico is one of Indonesia's strategic partners in Latin  America with total bilateral trade 
between the two countries reaching USD 1.61 billion in 2021, with a trend (2017 -2021) of 6.09%. 
Vehicles and parts, electrical machinery, footwear, rubber, and animal or vegetable fats and oils are 
among the top five Indonesia 's exports to Mexico. Meanwhile, mechanical appliances, electrica l 
machinery, copper, optical devices, and organic chemicals are the top five imported products from 
Mexico.  
4.434.   Although the bilateral framework is still not optimal, trade ties between Indonesia and Mexico 
looks promising; trade and investment tend to increas e during the post -pandemic economic recovery 
phase. The two countries also cooperate well in regional and international fora such as APEC and 
the G20. 
4.435.   As this year's G20 host, Indonesia would like to thank Mexico, particularly H .E. Luz María 
de la Mora Sán chez and her team, for their cooperation and participation in the series of Trade 
Investment and Industry Working Group (TIIWG) and Trade Investment and Industry Ministerial 
Meeting (TIIMM) held in Bali last September.  
4.436.   To conclude, Indonesia appreciates Me xico's active engagement in the WTO and their 
continued support for the multilateral trading system. We wish the delegation of Mexico every 
success for their seventh Trade Policy Review.  
REPÚBLICA  BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA  
4.437.   La delegación de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela desea saludar a la Delegación de los 
Estados Unidos Mexicanos liderada por la Sra.  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, Subsecretaria de 
Comercio Exterior, así como agradecer a la ponente, Embajadora Clare Kelly (Nueva  Zelandia) , por 
el análisis presentado que nos coloca en contexto y también a la Secretaría por la organización y 
documentación.  
4.438.   Iniciamos nuestra intervención recordando los lazos históricos de hermandad y de 
cooperación comercial que nos han unido con México , los cuales se han venido revitalizando a partir 
del triunfo del presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador en diciembre  de 2018, nuestro país puede 
dar fe que la cooperación y el respeto son una política de Estado de México que se ha mantenido y 
profundizado a lo  largo de la historia.  
4.439.   Las principales exportaciones de México a Venezuela incluyen: maíz, alimentos para bebés, 
champú, papel y maquinaria. Las principales exportaciones de Venezuela a México incluyen: 
maquinaria para hacer acero, materiales de construcci ón y semillas de sésamo. Destacamos que 
ambos países formamos parte de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI). Hemos 
suscrito importantes acuerdos y convenios en el ámbito comercial, político, económico, 
parlamentario y cultural. Entre ambos países existe un importante potencial de cooperación en 
materia de petroquímica, petróleo y gas.  
4.440.   Sobre el informe presentado por la Secretaría de la OMC correspondiente al séptimo examen 
de la política comercial de México, observamos con satisfacción que en el año 2021 la economía 
mexicana presentó una expansión del PIB del orden del 4,8%, lo cual refleja , en buena parte , el 
efecto de las medidas adoptadas para hacer frente a la pandemia, que se orientaron a atender sobre 
todo a las familias y a las empres as más afectadas, particularmente a las pequeñas y medianas 
empresas.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.441.   La expansión de la economía en México en el año 2021 también se reflejó en su comercio 
internacional. Las exportaciones de mercancías en 2021 totalizaron USD  494.225  millones (un 
18,5% m ás que en 2020), mientras que las importaciones alcanzaron un valor de 
USD 505.716  millones (un 32% por encima del nivel de 2020).  
4.442.   Al desearle México  un exitoso examen de política comercial, queremos finalizar nuestra 
intervención reafirmando nuestra mejor  voluntad de continuar estrechando nuestros lazos 
comerciales y de cooperación, así como el compromiso compartido por la conformación de un 
sistema de comercio multilateral, robusto, solidario, justo y predecible, basado en normas comunes 
y transparentes.  
4.443.   Finalmente, aprovechamos la ocasión para reconocer, al Embajador Ángel Villalobos 
Rodríguez por su liderazgo y valiosos aportes como Jefe de la Misión Permanente de México ante la 
OMC, como Presidente de este Órgano y como responsable de aglutinar el sent ir de la mayoría de 
los Miembros de esta casa por reactivar el funcionamiento del Órgano de Apelación. Reconocimiento 
que hacemos extensivo a su equipo, reiterando nuestro apoyo y mejores deseos de éxitos en sus 
labores.  
BANGLADESH  
4.444.   At the outset, the Bangl adesh i delegation welcomes H.E.  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez 
Under secretary for Foreign Trade and thanks for her introductory presentation at the seventh  TPR. 
We also thank Ambassador H.E.  Ms Clare Kelly of New  Zealand for her insightful discussions. Our 
sincere appreciation goes to the Government of Mexico and the WTO Secretariat for the 
comprehensive Reports.  
4.445.   Trade has long been an important part of Mexico's economy and also an important connector. 
This has bee n reinforced during the global COVID -19 pandemic. This seventh  Trade Policy Review of 
Mexico covers a period of great international economic instability. As an open economy with strong 
economic ties with the international community, Mexico has also been hi t by the adverse effects of 
COVID -19 and other shocks. Mexico's macroeconomic strength, coupled with the implementation of 
measures by the monetary authority and others, Mexico have mitigated those adverse effects.  
4.446.   It is encouraging to see that prudent ma cro-economic measures adopted by the country 
have resulted in impressive economic growth and remarkable improvement in almost all ind exes. 
Since the last TPR, relatively strong economic fundamentals and solid buffers to external shocks, 
have helped the cou ntry maintain macroeconomic stability. The strong outward orientation of the 
Mexico economy has been one of the pillars of growth for many years.  
4.447.   As a firm supporter of the multilateral trading system Mexico remains actively engaged at 
the WTO. It took le adership roles in various WTO bodies, including the Appellate Body appointment. 
It also supports a TRIPS waiver on COVID -19 vaccines, as well as reforms to strengthen the WTO.  
4.448.   Bangladesh welcomes Mexico's trade policy priority on multilateral, non -discriminatory rules 
is complemented by a goal of continuous expansion and deepening of trade relations through 
regional and bilateral approaches. It attaches high importance to reducing gaps in the level of 
development between nations, t o promoting the further integration of developing and least 
developed countries into the global economy, and to the need to make economic development more 
sustainable.  
4.449.   As the 15th largest economy of the world, Mexico is one of the Bangladesh 's important a nd 
largest trading partners. The bilateral trade volume between two countries stands at around 
USD 300 million and Bangladesh expects it will reach USD 1 billion mark within a few years. From 
Mexico perspective, though, Bangladesh is a small trading partne r but it 's export to Mexico has been 
rising since the opening of its diplomatic mission in 2012.  
4.450.   Bangladeshi export basket to Mexico is dominated by the apparels, which is around 90 %. 
The other major export items include cotton, textiles, footwear , and le ather products. Bangladesh 's 
major imports from Mexico include medicine, beer,  and tequila.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.451.   Bangladesh appreciates Mexico 's constructive engagement with the WTO, and its 
commitment to multilateral trading system. To conclude, we wish the delegation of Mex ico a 
productive and successful TPR. My delegation will continue to work closely with the Mexic an 
delegation, led by Ambassador H.E.  Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez, to strengthen the multilateral trading 
system while we strive to enhance our bilateral trade.  
PANAMÁ  
4.452.   Primeramente, deseo felicitar atentamente a S .E. Luz María de la Mora Sánchez, 
Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior en la Secretaría de Economía de México , y a toda la delegación 
mexicana por su destacada preparación en su séptimo  examen de  las políticas comerciales. Felicito 
también al Embajador, S.E.  Ángel  Villalobos y a todo su equipo en la Misión Permanente de México 
en Ginebra.  
4.453.   Deseo además agradecer a  la Embajadora Clare  Kelly de Nueva  Zelandia, ponente en este 
examen, por sus excelentes comentarios introductorios que capturan el entorno actual de las 
políticas comerciales de México y el panorama que le avecina. También deseamos encomiar la labor 
de la Secretaría por preparar los respectivos reportes.  
4.454.   En el periodo objeto de examen, h ubo muchos acontecimientos a nivel mundial que han 
repercutido en el desarrollo económico y comercial de México. De esos, cabe destacar la 
renegociación del Tratado de Libr e Comercio de América del Norte, la pandemia del COVID -19, y la 
reciente crisis geopolítica. Sin duda, estos eventos han tenido repercusiones importantes para la 
economía mexicana.  
4.455.   Notamos que el PIB sufrió una caída significativa de -8,3 puntos porcentual es. Si bien todos 
los países estamos expuestos a shocks internacionales, es importante que México ponga en marcha 
políticas públicas para, no solo mitigar los efectos de las crisis, pero también para fortalecer la 
economía y hacerla más resiliente ante est os eventos en el futuro.  
4.456.   En ese sentido, nos complace conocer que México está tomando pasos a corto y mediano 
plazo para abordar la crisis desde un enfoque multidisciplinario.  
4.457.   Además, vemos con buenos ojos que en el 2021 las exportaciones de mercancías mex icanas 
se situaron por arriba de los niveles previos a la pandemia, en USD  494 millones, 18 ,6% más que 
en el año anterior. La mayoría de las exportaciones siguen siendo lideradas por productos 
manufacturados.  
4.458.   Un porcentaje importante , 85% de las exportaci ones mexicanas de productos 
manufacturados con destino a Asia pasa n por el Canal  de Panamá, ya que México es el sexto  usuario 
más importante del Canal  de Panamá en toneladas.  
4.459.   Las perspectivas de crecimiento económico se mantienen positivas y esperamos que  México 
siga por este buen camino.  
4.460.   Panamá comparte el objetivo de México de permanecer a la vanguardia de nuevas 
tecnologías para fortalecer el sector de servicios. En ese sentido, nos complace conocer que México 
ha puesto en marcha la Ley para Regular las  Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera (conocida como 
Ley Fintech).  
4.461.   Su objetivo es doble , por un lado, representa la formalización de los servicios financieros 
que se brindan a través de las distintas plataformas, y por otro, les brinda certeza jurídica a los 
usuarios de dichas plataformas. Como un país de servicios, Panamá estará siguiendo co n mucho 
interés los resultados de esta Ley.  
4.462.   Ahora, con relación a nuestra relación bilateral, a nuestros países los unen lazos históricos, 
sociales y comerciales importantes. En el periodo objeto de examen, específicamente entre el 2017 
y 2019, las exporta ciones de Panamá hacia México aumentaron en un 250%. Los principales 
productos agrícolas exportados hacia México son aceite, atunes, ron, melaza de caña, entre otros. 
Por su parte, México exporta en su mayoría productos manufacturados a Panamá.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  4.463.   Nuestros pa íses constantemente cooperan de manera bilateral en materia sanitaria y 
fitosanitaria, como fuera evidenciado por la reciente visita de autoridades mexicanas de la Comisión 
Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS) al Embajador de Pan amá en México. 
Ese organismo tiene como objetivo proteger a la población contra riesgos a la salud provocados por 
el uso y consumo de bienes y servicios.  
4.464.   Queremos felicitar a México por su activa participación en el sistema multilateral de 
comercio. La Pr esidencia de México en este foro, el Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales , 
es un ejemplo de la importancia que México le otorga a esta Organización.  
4.465.   Les deseamos éxito en este  séptimo e xamen de sus políticas comerciales.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESEN TATIVE OF MEXICO  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  
5.1.  Embajadora Molokomme, Embajadora Kelly, quiero nuevamente expresar mi más profundo 
agradecimiento por su importante trabajo en el examen de las políticas comerciales de México y 
también hacer extensivo mi agradecimi ento a los representantes de los Miembros que nos han 
acompañado en este ejercicio de transparencia, que es fundamental para la OMC.  
5.2.  Muchas gracias por todas las preguntas que los Miembros nos han hecho llegar por escrito y 
verbalmente, así también agradez co los comentarios y reflexiones que nos compartieron en la 
primera sesión del examen. Recibimos 842 preguntas por escrito, las cuales han sido oportunamente 
atendidas en su totalidad.  
5.3.  En la sesión del miércoles hemos escuchado diversas reflexiones a las q ue me quiero referir en 
la sesión de hoy.  
Aspectos macroeconómicos  
5.4.  México está comprometido con mantener un marco macroeconómico sólido como base para su 
crecimiento. La respuesta de política macroeconómica durante la pandemia, tanto en su ámbito fiscal 
como monetario, estuvo enfocada en propiciar el adecuado funcionamiento de los mercados 
financieros y en dar apoyos dirigidos a los sectores más vulnerables de nuestra sociedad. 
Mantenemos el objetivo de consolidar el marco macroeconómico tomando di versas acciones para 
reducir la inflación a la meta del banco central y mantener una buena salud de las cuentas fiscales. 
Asimismo, continuamos impulsando el sano desarrollo de los mercados financieros con una 
perspectiva de inclusión, para no dejar a nadi e atrás. En este sentido, agradecemos el interés 
mostrado por diversos miembros en relación con las reformas implementadas en el sector financiero 
mexicano en años recientes.  
Concentración del comercio  
5.5.  Un comentario inicial sobre la concentración de nuestro comercio es que , uno de los pilares de 
la estrategia de la política comercial de nuestro país es la diversificación de mercados, de 
proveedores, de sectores, de productos y de regiones. En este sentido se registran avances al haber  
reducido a 62% la participación de nuestro comercio total con un solo país, en tanto que las 
manufacturas representan más de 80% del comercio exterior, con sectores cuyos flujos comerciales 
vienen creciendo a un ritmo importante, como por ejemplo el caso del sector aeroespacial. En la 
Secretaría de Economía utilizamos el índice de Herfindahl -Hirschman para medir la diversificación 
de las exportaciones, siendo que entre más alto es el índice, mayor es la concentración en el número 
de productos exportados. S i bien, en 2007 observamos un índice de 305 ,6 para 2021, éste había 
descendido a 127 ,6 como resultado de la diversificación de nuestra canasta exportadora.  
5.6.  Por otro lado, hemos emprendido acciones puntuales para incorporar a los beneficios del 
comercio ext erior las regiones del sur -sureste de México, que tradicionalmente no han participado 
de los beneficios de los mercados internacionales y del comercio exterior.  
Propiedad intelectual  
5.7.  México es un país comprometido con la observancia de los derechos de prop iedad intelectual 
contra la piratería y falsificación, así como con la observancia en el entorno digital.  
5.8.  En el ámbito administrativo, el Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial (IMPI) llevó a cabo 
una campaña a través de la cual se realizaron visita s de inspección, que han dado lugar a la 
resolución de procedimientos administrativos, en los que se involucran millones de productos.  
5.9.  Sobre la observancia de los derechos en el entorno digital, la asociación de la campaña 
antipiratería digital de la indus tria musical en México (APDIF MEXICO), ha solicitado la retirada de 
un total de casi 30  millones de contenidos musicales entre julio  de 2020 y junio  de 2022.  
5.10.   Al respecto, el Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial (IMPI) no ha tenido que emitir 
ningu na multa en contra de proveedores de servicio de internet por incumplimiento a las nuevas 
disposiciones en esta materia ya que los contenidos han sido removidos; además, estas plataformas 
no recibieron ninguna contra notificación o contra aviso por dichas acciones. Es importante señalar WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  que ninguno de los avisos escaló a un procedimiento de infracción o cualquier otra controversia 
legal.  
5.11.   En el mismo sentido, a fin de mejorar la observancia de los derechos de propiedad intelectual 
en la frontera, el IMPI rea liza permanentemente capacitaciones al personal de las diferentes aduanas 
del país con la finalidad de que estos funcionarios cuenten con los conocimientos necesarios que les 
permitan identificar las mercancías que pueden estar protegidas por algún derecho  de propiedad 
intelectual.  
Reglamentos técnicos y medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias  
5.12.   México reitera su compromiso para que el desarrollo de sus regulaciones se mantenga en 
apego a las obligaciones contenidas en el Acuerdo sobre Obstáculos Técnicos al Come rcio y en el 
Acuerdo sobre la Aplicación de Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias de esta Organización. Así mismo, 
destacamos la importancia de la coordinación interna que realizamos en México con cada una de las 
autoridades reguladoras competentes, para imp ulsar y asegurar el cumplimiento de los principios 
consagrados en estos Acuerdos; particularmente en lo que se refiere a los principios de no 
discriminación, transparencia, proporcionalidad y armonización, lo cual coadyuva a facilitar el 
comercio internaci onal de bienes de manera justa, pero también se asegura el mantener el derecho 
legítimo de nuestro país para establecer el nivel de protección que se estime necesario con base 
técnica y científica.  
Procedimientos aduaneros y facilitación del comercio  
5.13.   Hemos  escuchado algunas preocupaciones y comentarios sobre los procedimientos aduaneros 
y las funciones de la Agencia Nacional de Aduanas de México (ANAM), a ese respecto, México se 
encuentra atravesando una transformación profunda de su entorno aduanero.  
5.14.   En enero de 2022 se creó está agencia ANAM como un órgano desconcentrado de la Secretaría 
de Hacienda y Crédito Público. Este cambio, se dio acompañado de una revaloración del sistema 
aduanero, dándole un lugar central en la agenda pública de nuestro país. Est o materializándose 
como un replanteamiento del sistema aduanero mexicano que busca su mejora por el bien de todas 
las partes e implica mejores prácticas comerciales, mayor seguridad y coordinación con las instancias 
públicas tanto a nivel nacional como a n ivel internacional. La ANAM es una aduana líder en la región 
de América  Latina y el Caribe no solamente por el alto nivel de digitalización que ha implementado 
sino por su relación con el mundo.  
5.15.   Es de destacar que el Estado Mexicano cuenta hoy en día con alta tecnología en equipos 
especializados fijos y portátiles de inspecció n no intrusiva; así como personal altamente calificado 
en la materia. El uso de esta tecnología no intrusiva es una de las herramientas empleadas por la 
ANAM como parte de los esfuerzos encaminados al incremento de la seguridad en la cadena logística 
de su ministros, dando con ello cumplimiento al Marco Normativo para Asegurar y Facilitar el 
Comercio Global, emitido por la Organización Mundial de Aduanas.  
5.16.   Con esto, la ANAM contribuye a fortalecer la seguridad, no solo nacional sino también a nivel 
internacio nal, permitiendo que el flujo de comercio hacia otros países fluya de manera ágil, segura 
y expedita impidiendo el comercio ilegal y protegiendo nuestras fronteras del tráfico ilícito de 
materiales sensibles.  
5.17.   También creemos oportuno señalar que, a través del Comité Nacional de Facilitación 
Comercial, que instituimos en marzo  de 2021, se están analizando las dificultades que enfrentan los 
operadores económicos con el fin de buscar soluciones y alternativas que faciliten los flujos de 
comercio y disminuyan l as cargas administrativas a través de la eliminación de los requisitos 
redundantes o innecesarios, sin poner en riesgo el control de las mercancías.  
Política agropecuaria  
5.18.   Reconocemos el interés de los Miembros en la política agropecuaria actual de México, la cual 
tiene como uno de sus objetivos centrales promover la autosuficiencia alimentaria a través de un 
mayor impulso a la producción nacional y la reducción de la dependencia de importaciones, sobre 
todo en un contexto de crisis alimentaria a nivel globa l. Para alcanzar esta meta, el Gobierno Federal 
modificó sus programas de apoyo para dar prioridad a productores pequeños y medianos que WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  cuentan con menores opciones para enfrentar los riesgos del mercado y el impacto de fenómenos 
climáticos adversos que e stán presentes en todo el mundo.  
5.19.   Bajo la coyuntura actual de alta volatilidad de precios en los mercados internacionales y 
crecientes costos de energía, el programa de precios de garantía, tema de interés de algunos 
Miembros, otorga a los productores de ma íz, frijol, trigo panificable, arroz y leche, una alternativa 
para contar con un ingreso mínimo y asegurar también su producción. El programa no busca afectar 
los canales comerciales de las cosechas, sino por el contrario, que los productores de menor esca la 
puedan contribuir con su producción a la seguridad alimentaria nacional.  
5.20.   México se encuentra comprometido con la apertura de mercados y el otorgamiento de apoyos 
agrícolas bajo las disciplinas de la Organización Mundial de Comercio y los acuerdos bilat erales y 
regionales vigentes. Hago notar que hemos dado cumplimiento a nuestras obligaciones de 
transparencia, lo cual fue notado por algunos miembros, notificando nuestros apoyos internos 
contemplados en el Acuerdo sobre la Agricultura hasta el año 2020. Exhortamos también a otros 
Miembros a actualizar sus notificaciones, a fin de contar con un acervo completo de información que 
ayude a todos los Miembros a avanzar en las negociaciones actuales de reforma sobre los apoyos a 
la agricultura.  
5.21.   Respecto a los n iveles arancelarios a las importaciones, la protección otorgada responde a 
sensibilidades sectoriales; sin embargo, también es importante señalar que los aranceles aplicados 
se encuentran por debajo de los niveles que nosotros tenemos consolidados en la OM C. Las 
reducciones arancelarias contenidas en el Paquete contra la Inflación y la Carestía (PACIC), emitidos 
por el Gobierno del Presidente López  Obrador en mayo de este año, constituyen parte de un grupo 
más amplio de medidas que buscan atender una situac ión coyuntural anormal de precios derivada 
de fenómenos externos, por lo cual es prematuro el contar con una evaluación aislada de sus efectos.  
Servicios  
5.22.   En materia de telecomunicaciones, agradecemos el reconocimiento de los Miembros sobre los 
esfuerzos de  México para acelerar la transformación digital, a través de la Estrategia Digital Nacional 
2021-2024, a fin de potencializar las tecnologías de la información y comunicación, incluyendo el 
despliegue de tecnologías tales como la quinta generación de tecno logías de móviles (red 5G).  
5.23.   Asimismo, en el marco de los servicios financieros tomamos nota del interés mostrado por 
varias delegaciones sobre la legislación para regular las instituciones de tecnología financiera 
(Fintech). Dentro de la información aporta da sobre este tema, en las respuestas detallamos acciones 
que hemos realizado para mejorar el ambiente de operación de las figuras que contempla la Ley 
Fintech, que incluye la emisión de disposiciones relacionados con reglas para la contratación de 
proveed ores de tecnología.  
Medio Ambiente  
5.24.   En temas de medio ambiente, coincidimos en que para cumplir con los compromisos del 
Acuerdo de París y combatir un problema global como lo es, entre otros retos ambientales, el cambio 
climático, todos los países tenemos i mportantes acciones y trabajo por hacer.  
5.25.   En el ámbito del sistema multilateral del comercio, en la sesión del miércoles anuncié que 
México se sumaría a otra iniciativa ambiental en la OMC. Al respecto, comparto con ustedes que ya 
hemos solicitado formalmente nuestra incorporación al Diálogo Informal sobre la Contaminación 
causada por los Plásticos.  
Iniciativas Conjuntas  
5.26.   México es un país comprometido con el sistema multilateral del comercio, y uno de los 
comentarios recurrentes el miérco les refiere al papel activo y constructivo de México en las iniciativas 
conjuntas.  
5.27.   En ese sentido, ofrecemos la vasta experiencia de nuestro país en la negociación de nuevas 
disciplinas en acuerdos comerciales regionales, lo que nos permite hacer contribuc iones valiosas a 
dichas iniciativas conjuntas para, entre otros:  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  • mejorar y transparentar medidas comerciales que impacten positivamente el comercio de 
servicios;  
• brindar apoyo a la participación de la mipymes en el comercio mundial;  
• crear un entorno comerc ial más eficaz, previsible y propicio a las inversiones;  
• así como sumar esfuerzos que coadyuven en la transición hacia una economía verde y que 
nos permita alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.  
Acuerdos plurilaterales  
5.28.   También quisiera referirme al interés de varios Miembros para que México forme parte de los 
acuerdos plurilaterales: ITA y del Acuerdo sobre Contratación Pública (ACP).  
5.29.   De manera general, me gustaría señalar que México está comprometido con la visión y 
obligaciones de la O MC, a pesar de que no formamos parte de estos dos Acuerdos.  
5.30.   En particular, con respecto al ITA, quisiera reiterar que México privilegia las cadenas de 
suministro, la atracción de inversión y reconoce los beneficios para la comunidad empresarial y los 
consu midores de eliminar aranceles en productos relacionados con la tecnología de la información. 
Por ello, desde hace varios años México aplica lo que llamamos el ITA  Plus, que elimina el arancel a 
bienes de cómputo, de telecomunicación y otros bienes electrón icos para importaciones de México 
provenientes de todo el mundo. Este esquema se ha venido mejorando conforme a las propias 
necesidades del sector. Para nuestro país este ejercicio es continuo y permanente para seguir 
impulsando la competitividad de este i mportante sector en México.  
5.31.   En relación con el Acuerdo sobre Contratación Pública (ACP), México ha optado por privilegiar 
la apertura de su mercado, negociando en sus tratados de libre comercio, disposiciones en materia 
de compras gubernamentales, que está n alineadas con los estándares y principios establecidos en 
el ACP. Todo ello, de conformidad con el criterio del Artículo  XXIV del GATT. Junto con esta 
aclaración, reiteramos el compromiso de México para poder continuar desarrollando mercados 
competitivos  y promoviendo la competencia en todos los sectores.  
Medidas antidumping  
5.32.   Respecto a las medidas antidumping, durante el periodo de examen se iniciaron menos 
investigaciones que en el periodo anterior, durante el cual ya se había registrado una notoria 
disminución de éstas con relación a periodos anteriores, sin que el marco normativo que rige la 
aplicación de remedios comerciales hubiera tenido modificaciones.  
5.33.   También es importante señalar que las investigaciones iniciadas lo fueron a solicitud de los 
propios sectores afectados, es decir, ningún procedimiento se inició de oficio por la autoridad 
mexicana durante el periodo de este examen.  
5.34.   Reiteramos nuestro compromiso de conducir y aplicar todas las investigaciones y medidas de 
forma compatible con los Ac uerdos de la OMC y nuestra legislación interna, respetando los principios 
de debido proceso, transparencia y confidencialidad.  
Ambiente de negocios  
5.35.   En relación con el ambiente de negocios, quiero reiterar que México se mantiene abierto a la 
inversión naci onal y extranjera, y se mantiene como el décimo  receptor de IED en el mundo, ello es 
expresión manifiesta de la apertura y del ambiente de negocios positivo y conducente al desarrollo 
de negocios en México.  
5.36.   Tenemos un marco legal y normativo que alienta el  establecimiento de empresas extranjeras, 
las cuales son bienvenidas en nuestro país, así como la posibilidad de recurrir a instancias judiciales 
en caso de que éstas consideren que sus inversiones puedan resultar vulneradas.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  5.37.   Hemos escuchado con atención l os señalamientos de diversos Miembros, los que nos servirán 
para analizar y examinar las acciones que México puede realizar para seguir siendo un sitio atractivo 
a la inversión.  
5.38.   México valora la inversión extranjera, la cual es esencial para nuestro crecim iento y 
desarrollo; en México seguimos trabajando para fortalecer y mejorar el ambiente de negocios y los 
comentarios vertidos en el examen de las políticas comerciales nos dan elementos para ello.  
Género y Comercio  
5.39.   También recibimos comentarios que apreci amos mucho en relación con los esfuerzos que 
estamos haciendo en materia de género y comercio que responden a una serie de compromisos 
internacionales de los que somos parte, pero que sobre todo responden a una responsabilidad que 
tenemos con las mujeres y  otros grupos tradicionalmente subrepresentados para que puedan 
beneficiarse de ser parte del mercado internacional y puedan recibir los beneficios que generan de 
la actividad económica.  
5.40.   Algunas de las estrategias en las que trabajamos responden a determi nadas coyunturas, 
como la recuperación post  COVID -19. Es importante ahora trabajar para institucionalizar estas 
estrategias y que se mantengan como parte fundamental de nuestras políticas públicas para 
consolidar esta inclusión.  
5.41.   Entre los esfuerzos que rea lizamos está la adopción de directrices en el Tratado México, 
Estados Unidos y Canadá (T -MEC) para que el comercio inclusivo se mantenga como un tema 
transversal. Igualmente estamos comprometidos a que los instrumentos comerciales que México 
suscriba conte ngan disposiciones para impulsar una mayor inclusión, entre los que está por ejemplo 
Tratado de Libre Comercio con Reino  Unido que México negocia en este momento.  
5.42.   El crecimiento de la economía mexicana está directamente vinculado a la economía 
internaciona l y hemos venido trabajando para aprovechar las opciones que ello nos brinda, pero 
también nos hemos tenido que adaptar a las tendencias diversas y retos de la economía global que 
se han presentado en este período de examen, y esto se refleja en el reporte  de la política comercial 
de México.  
5.43.   Quiero concluir reiterando mi agradecimiento a las embajadoras Molokomme  y Kelly a todos 
los Miembros y a la Secretaría de la OMC por su empeño y gran trabajo que han hecho posible este 
ejercicio fundamental para las funciones de la OMC y que resulta de gran utilidad para México, cuyo 
modelo de desarrollo económico está intrín secamente vinculado a la economía mundial y continuará 
de esta manera.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.44.   It has been particularly rewarding to participate in this rich and detailed conversation. The 
43 Members who intervened on Wednesday all spoke of the meaningful trade relationships they have 
with Mexico - both in terms of the economic value of their bilate ral trade, and the wider value that 
Mexico contributes to multilateral and regional trade architecture.  
5.45.   Members universally commended the resilience of the Mexican economy during a time of 
significant global economic upheaval caused by the COVID -19 pandemi c. As well as acknowledging 
Mexico 's sound macroeconomic management, a number of Members highlighted the creative and 
effective measures implemented to support business through the pandemic, including measures 
digitali zing trade facilitation procedures and  supporting MSMEs. Those measures were clearly 
influential in the strong bounce -back by the Mexican economy during the past year.  
5.46.   It is also clear that Mexico 's extensive network of free trade agreements, bilateral and 
regional, have played a vital role in  supporting the Mexican economy through this time. A number 
of Members spoke of the importance they place on their trade agreements with Mexico, and others 
expressed a desire to further strengthen their trade relationships through new or upgraded free 
trade agreements.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  5.47.   Closely tied with Mexico 's commitment to its FTA agenda, is the contribution Mexico makes 
to the multilateral trading system. A number of Members highlighted the invaluable role that Mexico 
plays in this Organization, both in its contribution  to core WTO business, but also through its 
engagement in a number of new initiatives designed to ensure our Organization continues to evolve. 
In line with this commitment to the Organization, several Members encouraged Mexico to ensure it 
meets its notifi cation obligations. Others suggested Mexico round out the suite of initiatives to which 
it is a part by joining the Information Technology Agreement and the Government Procurement 
Agreement.  
5.48.   The scope and resilience of the Mexican economy coupled with a co mmitment to participation 
in international trade architecture has made Mexico a regional trade leader, and prominent in global 
value chains and the international economy. With significant economic power comes a high degree 
of expectation from trade partner s.  
5.49.   A number of Members urged Mexico to continue to adhere to the extensive, ambitious trade 
commitments it has undertaken. The domestic regulatory decisions taken by Mexico can have a 
significant impact on the functioning of regional and global value chai ns, and some Members noted 
their concern with the direction of regulatory travel in some sectors. A number of Members pointed 
to the administration of foreign investment in Mexico, particularly in the energy sector, as an area 
that needed attention. Linked  to this, some Members expressed concern at the status accorded to 
state owned enterprises. Other Members requested that Mexico ensure that its customs procedures 
remained trade facilitative and were not overly burdensome. Several Members requested that Me xico 
ensure effective intellectual property enforcement.  
5.50.   Mexico 's history of championing the transformative potential of trade is important to its trade 
partners. Members have encouraged Mexico to stay the course and ensure it remains a favoured 
destinatio n for investment and a force for stability and ambition in its trade relationships, as it 
continues to rebuild from the economic upheaval, we are all currently encountering.  
5.51.   Mexico 's work on inclusion, to spread resilience and exposure to the benefits of t rade across 
new economic sectors and geographic regions, was commended by Members. I was pleased to hear 
Members speak so positively of the work Mexico is undertaking in on trade and gender issues and 
support for MSMEs. I was also very interested in the he aring about the work that has been done to 
address income inequality. This forward thinking in trade and economic policy bodes well for Mexico 's 
continued economic success.  
5.52.   Finally, let me commend the Mexican delegation for its commitment to this Trade Pol icy 
Review process. Receiving and responding to over 800  questions places real demand on the domestic 
system. Mexico 's commitment to the process has been evidenced by those efforts, as well as by the 
impressive delegation in attendance, led so effectively by Under secretary de  la Mora, who Members 
were delighted to welcome into yesterday 's General Council.  
5.53.   With that, let me congratulate Mexico on a successful Trade Policy Review and register my 
thanks for the opportunity to act as discussant.  
ISRAEL  
5.54.   Israel i s pleased to participate in Mexico 's seventh  Trade Policy Review at the WTO. We would 
like to extend our warm welcome to the Mexican delegation headed by Undersecretary Luz  María 
de la Mora Sánchez. And last but not least, we would like to thank Ambassador  H.E. Ms Clare Kelly 
(New Zealand) for her insightful initial remarks.  
5.55.   At the outset, Israel would like to note that international trade plays a dominant role in our 
economies, primarily maintaining an open trade regime. Moreover, in relation to trade and 
development, our nations are also members of the Organisation for Economic Co -operation and 
Development (OECD), where we enjoy fruitful cooperation. Since the last review in 2017, our 
countries have pursued liberal trade and investment policies and have re mained strong advocates 
of the multilateral trading system.  
5.56.   Mexico and Israel have enjoyed a healthy and steady growth in the bilateral trade in recent 
years, specifically since the entry into force of the FTA between Mexico and Israel on 1 July 2000. WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  Total trade amounted to over USD 1 billion (goods and services) in 2021, following a growing trend 
expected to remain for 2022. Israeli exports to Mexico are dominated by machinery, chemicals and 
chemical products, rubber and plastics, medical and optical appa ratus and transportation products, 
while Mexico 's exports to Israel are dominated by machinery, transportation, minerals, chemicals 
and chemical products and agriculture products.  
5.57.   Despite the small size of its population, Israel enjoys high purchasing pow er, and Mexico is 
Israel's second -largest trading partner in Latin  America.  
5.58.   Since 2021, the Mexican economy rebounded, with GDP growth of around 4.8%, achieved 
mainly thanks to the measures adopted to deal with the COVID -19 pandemic. This recovery was 
also reflected in an increase in trade in goods.   
5.59.   Israel shares Mexico 's views regarding multilateral trade liberalization, and we work alongside 
on many issues in the WTO, on a plurilateral  level, and on other platforms. Fo r example, we are 
both actively engaged in the Joint Initiative on e-commerce, where Mexico plays a leading role. 
Israel appreciates Mexico 's initiative and contribution to the MSME informal working group's 
Trade4MSMES Platform and soon, the Trade4MSMES Hu b. Both nations also worked hard towards 
the successful conclusion of the Joint Initiative on services domestic regulation negotiations last 
year. In addition, we co -sponsor, among other Members, the transparency proposal.  
5.60.   We would also like to point out the potential benefits Mexico would gain should they join the 
Government Procurement Agreement. Being a participant would ensure optimal value for money in 
public purchasing in a transparent and non -discrimination manner. Israel stands ready to assist 
Mexico, should they wish so.  
5.61.   Israel submitted questions to Mexico during this exercise, and we look forward to reviewing 
the replies carefully. The areas of interest for Israel include, among others, government 
procurement, IT trade, customs, copyrights , and fintech policy.  
5.62.   We would like to take this opportunity to extend our sincere appreciation to the hard -working 
team in the Mission of Mexico, ably led by Ambassador Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez.  
5.63.   To conclude, allow me to wish Mexico every success in this Trade Policy Review.  
NIGERIA  
5.64.   I would like to congratulate the entire delegation of Mexico for the conduct of this 
seventh  Trade Policy Review It  is an important moment , not only for Mexico , but for the entire 
membership of the WTO . 
5.65.   I would like to warmly welcom e the Mexican head of delegation, Ms  Luz María de  la Mora 
Sánchez, Undersecretary for Foreign Trade . My delegation would also like to commend H.E.  Mr Ángel 
Villalobos Rodríguez, the Ambassador  and Permanent Representative of the Mexican Mission to the 
WTO here in Geneva , for his excellent work in leading the Geneva based delegation  
5.66.   We would also extend our warm appreciation to  H.E. Ms Clare Kelly, the distinguished 
Ambassador of New  Zealand . We also appreciate  the entire delegation of Mexico for their exceptional 
hard work towards this very important exercise.  
5.67.   It is worthy to note the significant transformative economic policies and programmes by the 
Mexican Government towards mitigating the adverse circumstance s occasioned by the COVID -19 
crisis. Mexico introduced measures that eased the import of COVID -related products during the 
review period. In the same vein, the country's economic environment remained strong and resilient, 
mid and post -pandemic with a stabl e exchange rate  that has not seen any significant depreciation 
with an appreciable level of international reserves . 
5.68.   With regards to trade policies, we note the efforts of the government's development  agenda, 
through developing and implementing comprehensive trade policies for innovation, diversification 
and inclusion in production and trade, stimulating domestic and foreign investment , as well as plan s 
for further integration into regional and global value  chains. Hence, the free -trade-related s trategic WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  agenda of the country, which includes strengthening the multilateral trading system, defence of 
Mexico's interest, and deepening and opening of new markets.  
5.69.   Furthermore, we also witnessed the steps taken by Mexico on the inclusion and participati on 
of women and SMEs in Mexico's econom y and international trade, with different international 
programmes and projects . We share the same priorities with Mexico in the WTO, such as the 
negotiations on e -commerce . 
5.70.   Nigeria has been enjoying cordial bilateral  relations with the Mexican Government, particularly 
in the export of Nigeria's hibiscus flowers to Mexico. Although bilateral engagements between our 
two countries continue for the purpose of resolving an issue , with the hope to continue with the 
hitch-free and free flow of trade in h ibiscus flowers for the benefit of the two countries . 
5.71.   In conclusion, Nigeria would like to , once again , acknowledge the efforts of the Mexican 
Government for different initiatives, economic and trade policies, programmes and p rojects, and 
reforms towards promoting the multilateral tr ading system.  
5.72.   My delegation will continue working closely with the Mexican delegation and the rest of the  
membership.  We once again congratulate the entire delegation of Mexico, and we wish you a 
successful seventh  Trade Policy R eview  exercise.  
EGYPT  
5.73.   On behalf of the Egyptian delegation, I would like to welcome the distinguished delegation of 
Mexico and wish the delegation success in the current Review of the country 's trade policy. Our 
delegation al so thanks our discussant today, H .E. Ambassador Clare  Kelly of New  Zealand and the 
WTO Secretariat for their detailed Report.   
5.74.   Egypt is pleased to see that, despite the unstable international economic situation and 
uncertain global markets since the pandemic, the Mexican economy has been generally resilient with 
both imports and exports transactions exceeding the levels seen in th e years prior to the pandemic.  
5.75.   Egypt commends the measures adopted by the Government of Mexico with a view to 
addressing the repercussions of the pandemic, supporting the financial system , and providing an 
enabling environment for MSMEs to recover. These measures contributed to the rebound of the 
Mexican economy with GDP growth of around 4.8% in 2021.  
5.76.   Egypt encourages Mexico to take stock of the current discussions to further improve its fiscal, 
economic and trade policies, according to its national prior ities. We also invite Mexico to review some 
of its trade measures, especially non -tariff measures, which had a restrictive impact on the exports 
of some developing countries, particularly in Africa.  
5.77.   Egypt is of the opinion that development is central to t he functioning of the global trading 
system, and that trade –in turn - plays an important role in achieving sustainable development. 
Consequently, the WTO has a leading role to play in extending the necessary support to Mexico, in 
order to ensure that the c ountry is fully integrated in the global trading system while pursuing its 
sustainable development aspirations.  
PERÚ  
5.78.   Quisiéramos dar las gracias a la Susecretaria de Comercio Exterior, Luz  María de  la Mora 
Sánchez; al Embajador Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez p or sus ponderadas intervenciones y, por 
supuesto, a la Secretaría y la Embajadora Clare  Kelly, que fue la ponente en la revisión de este 
examen de las políticas comerciales de México. Este proceso, por su propia naturaleza,  puede 
conllevar una gran cantida d de trabajo, pero también debemos reconocer que es una oportunidad 
para reflexionar sobre la utilidad y buenas prácticas de otros Miembros.  
5.79.   En este sentido, expresamos nuestro profundo reconocimiento por el resumen del debate que 
ha sido distribuido y por  la información facilitada por México en respuesta a las cuestiones planteadas 
por algunos Miembros.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  5.80.   En el ámbito económico, México es uno de los principales socios del Perú, nuestro país es el 
segundo receptor en América  Latina de inversión extranjera dir ecta mexicana, después de Brasil.  En 
los últimos 10 años, esta inversión suma casi USD 17,000  millones  de acuerdo con cifras reportadas 
por las propias empresas mexicanas . 
5.81.   El Perú valora muy positivamente su sólida relación comercial con México, en particu lar, como 
interlocutor en diversos de acuerdos comerciales, que han permitido que nuestros intercambios 
cobren un mayor impulso y dinamismo en los últimos años; entre ellos, me permito destacar el 
Acuerdo de Integración Comercial entre la República del Per ú y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, 
vigente desde 2012, el Tratado de la Alianza del Pacífico, que incorpora también a Chile y a Colombia; 
e igualmente el Tratado Integral y Progresista de Asociación Transpacífico integrado por Australia, 
Brune i Darussalam , Canadá, Chile, Japón , Malasia, Nueva  Zelandia, Singapur, Viet  Nam, además de 
México  y Perú. 
5.82.   El Perú es el sexto  socio comercial de México  en América  Latina y el Caribe y el 41 en el 
mundo, México por su parte, es el cuarto socio  comercial de Perú a nivel global . Asimismo , se destaca  
que buena parte de nuestras exportaciones son bienes no tradicionales y esto es un elemento muy 
importante para la política de diversificación de  exportaciones que viene llevando a cabo mi país . 
5.83.   El 4 de agosto  de 2022, con la finalidad de fortalecer el comercio exterior y las inversiones, 
el Presidente del Perú , Pedro  Castillo y el Canciller , César  Landa,  se reunieron en el palacio  de 
gobierno  en Lima con el Secretario de Relaciones Exteriores de México, Marcelo  Ebrard , quien estuvo 
acompañado  de varios inversionistas mexicanos . Durante el encuentro se abordaron distintos temas 
de la relación bilateral enmarcada tanto en la asociación estratégica vigente de sde 2015,  como en 
el dinamismo de  la relación comercial e inversione s, explorando posibilidades de cooperación en 
materia de seguridad alimentaria entre otros aspectos.  
5.84.   Aplaudimos  los progresos concretados por México y su defensa del multilateralismo comercial 
basado reglas y lo animamos a seguir desplegando esfuerzos proa ctivos para liberalizar aún más su 
comercio y realizar nuevos  avances económicos.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.85.   The United  States would like to thank Undersecretary de  la Mora, Ambassador Villalobos and 
the entire Mexican team for your government 's dedication in presenting Mexico 's trade policy and 
responding to Members ' questions.  
5.86.   The United  States also appreciates the guidance of the Chair and discussant, and the hard 
work of the Secretariat in preparing the Reports, which made this review possible.  
5.87.   The United  States enjoys a longstanding and constructive relationship with Mexico, with 
cooperation across a range of issues at the WTO and important new commitments undertaken 
through the USMCA.  
5.88.   We look forward to continuing our close engagement with Mexico to furthe r strengthen our 
trade partnership and work to resolve the concerns and questions we have highlighted as part of 
this review – in particular, I want to stress our concerns regarding Mexico 's energy policy, its 
attempts to weaken its regulatory agencies and  practices, and the need for continued improvements 
in its customs procedures.   
5.89.   We appreciate the responses provided to our advance written questions. We have submitted 
follow up questions and look forward to receiving responses.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.90.   Let me fir st thank the delegation of Mexico, led by Ms  Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, 
Undersecretary for Foreign Trade, as well as Ambassador of Mexico H.  E. Ángel Villalobos Rodr íguez 
and his team here in Geneva for the constructive participation in this important t ransparency 
exercise, including the comprehensive overview presented on Wednesday and this morning of the 
main developments occurred in its trade and economic policy during the review period.  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  5.91.   The EU is pleased to note that this review has been very useful  for better understanding the 
trade policy of Mexico and trusts that it will duly take into account some of the challenges highlighted 
by Members.  
5.92.   The discussion on the first day of the Review has shown that many Members share the EU 's 
positive views about the constructive role that Mexico plays within the WTO and in international 
trade more broadly. We have highlighted a number of concerns, however. The EU is concerned about 
the deteriorating investment climate and the increasing lack of legal certain ty. The actions in taken 
in Mexico 's energy sector are particularly worrying. We would like to thank Mexico for having 
provided timely replies to the questions raised by the EU. The answers gave some useful clarifications 
on the issues we had raised.  
5.93.   The EU looks forward to continuing our close cooperation with Mexico operation in all the 
relevant multilateral, plurilateral and bilateral fora. As mentioned on Tuesday, the EU and Mexico 
are strategic partners and we are committed to upgrading our trading re lationship with the swift 
ratification of the moderni zed EU -Mexico Global Agreement, which will provide a comprehensive and 
up-to-date framework for our relations and strengthen and deepen our relationship even further.  
5.94.   On behalf of the EU, I would like to  congratulate Mexico for the productive and successful 
seventh Trade Policy  Review.  
ECUADOR  
5.95.   Quisiera agradecer a la S ubsecretaria, Luz  María de  la Mora Sánchez, por la presentación de 
sus comentarios finales de este examen de las políticas comerciales de M éxico, también a los 
comentarios de la Embajadora Kelly, ponente del ejercicio.  
5.96.   El Ecuador reconoce que este ha sido un ejercicio extremadamente productivo, con el cual 
hemos podido, todas las contrapartes comerciales de México y también Estados Miembros d e la 
OMC, apreciar la utilidad de intercambiar puntos de vista sobre la marcha del intercambio y la 
relación multilateral que mantenemos con ese país.  
5.97.   Quiero enfocarme en resaltar la buena noticia que hemos recibido con respecto a la 
incorporación de Méxic o al Diálogo Informal sobre Comercio y Contaminación por Plásticos. Este es 
un diálogo que se lleva adelante en esta Organización y, como todos conocemos, el Ecuador es uno 
de los países coordinadores de la iniciativa, por lo cual nos genera extremada comp lacencia saber 
que ahora México estará juntando esfuerzos por una causa loable, y que, precisamente apunta en 
dirección de esa variable que nos parece absolutamente necesaria en los actuales momentos como 
es el utilizar los mecanismos del comercio internac ional para apoyar los esfuerzos en favor de la 
conservación ambiental.  
5.98.   Le deseamos el mayor de los éxitos a México en la culminación de su examen de las políticas 
comerciales.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  This seventh  Trade Policy Review has provided an excellent opportunity to review the main 
developments in, and challenges of, Mexico's trade and investment policies since its last Review 
in 2017. I would like to thank Undersecretary for Foreign Trade at the Secretariat of Economy, the 
Hon. Ms Luz María de  la Mora Sánchez, who has travelled from Mexico, and Ambassador Ángel 
Villalobos and the rest of the Mexican delegation for their active engagement in this review. I would 
also like to thank our discussant, Ambassador Clare  Kelly of New  Zealan d, for her valuable 
contribution.  
6.2.  Members attach great importance to Mexico as a global trading partner, as evidenced by the 
more than 800  questions received and the 43 delegations that took the floor on the first day. 
Members have greatly appreciated Mexi co's written responses to the questions received, and we 
look forward to receiving the outstanding responses no later than one month after today's meeting.  
6.3.  Members noted that Mexico's GDP had contracted as a result of the negative effects of the 
COVID -19 pandemic, and that the authorities had responded by implementing measures to cater 
above all to the most affected families and businesses, particularly SMEs. Mexico did not implement 
substantial aid packages, preferring to stay on the path of fiscal and fin ancial stability. Members 
were encouraged to learn that economic growth had resumed in 2021, underpinned mainly by a 
rapid recovery in Mexico's foreign trade, which had contracted during the pandemic.  
6.4.  Mexican merchandise trade continues to be dominated by  manufactured products, which 
represent more than 85% of total merchandise trade. As at the time of the last Review, Members 
noted that Mexico remains highly dependent on one single market, and again advised Mexico to 
diversify its markets by using its lar ge number of preferential agreements.  
6.5.  Members welcomed Mexico's active role at the WTO and highlighted the importance it attaches 
to a well -functioning rules -based international trading system. They stressed that Mexico's 
commitment to the promotion and ad vancement of the WTO is evidenced by its active contribution 
to all aspects of the WTO's work, for instance, through participation in the Joint Statement Initiatives 
on Services Domestic Regulation, E -commerce, and Investment Facilitation, as well as in th e Trade 
and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions.  
6.6.  Members appreciated Mexico's notification record but encouraged it to fulfil pending notification 
obligations, including in agriculture. Mexico's participation in the Multi -party Interim Appe al 
Arbitration Arrangement was commended. Mexico was encouraged to join the plurilateral 
Agreements on Information Technology and Government Procurement. On gender issues, Members 
appreciated Mexico's efforts to include women in trade and encouraged furthe r strengthening of 
women's economic empowerment.  
6.7.  Members took note of the representative of Mexico's observations regarding the importance of 
FDI to the economy and the commitment to an open, stable, rules -based FDI regime. Nonetheless, 
they showed concern  about the deterioration of the investment climate. Concerns were expressed 
relating to the increasing legal uncertainty regarding investment, and with respect to some measures 
taken, particularly in the energy sector.  
6.8.  Members urged Mexico to apply its law s in a transparent manner as not to undermine 
confidence in its business environment, and to further liberalize the FDI regime. Members stressed 
that improving the legal and administrative environment could further unlock business potential and 
increase th e competitiveness of the Mexican economy.  
6.9.  Members welcomed the establishment of Mexico's National Trade Facilitation Committee and 
noted the adoption of measures to simplify customs procedures.  
6.10.   Nevertheless, some Members observed that there is still room t o engage in further efforts to 
reduce import procedures that may prove costly or burdensome, such as the need to appoint a 
customs broker, a customs agency, or a legal representative to handle customs clearance.  
6.11.   Regarding the applied tariff, Members noted that the average MFN applied tariff rate had 
increased and encouraged Mexico to further reduce tariffs, notably for agricultural goods. As regards WT/TPR/W/ 215 
 
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  other non -tariff measures, further information was sought on the criteria for the economic analysis 
used to d etermine the need to impose import restrictions. Some Members expressed concerns 
regarding the use of regulatory measures, for instance, the way SPS and TBT measures are applied.  
6.12.   Concerns were also raised about the use of trade remedies, in particular the application and 
renewal of anti -dumping measures. In the area of government procurement, Members urged Mexico 
to continue its efforts and to progress further in opening up its markets to foreign enterprises.  
6.13.   Mexico was commended for making important change s to its intellectual property rights 
legislation, which had enhanced protection and transparency, and was invited to further strengthen 
enforcement of IPRs.  
6.14.   On sectoral policies, Members noted Mexico's agricultural policy objective of guaranteeing 
food se curity by increasing productivity while implementing sustainable environmental practices. 
They also referred to the fact that tariffs on agricultural products are substantially higher than those 
on non -agricultural products, as well as to the various suppo rt programmes, their scope and 
effectiveness.  
6.15.   Members noted that at the time of the last Review, Mexico had undertaken comprehensive 
structural reforms covering several sectors, such as energy, financial services, and 
telecommunications. In the course of t he present Review, several Members raised concerns 
regarding changes in the investment environment, in particular in the energy sector, that in their 
view limited competition. In general, Members urged Mexico to further open its market to foreign 
investmen t, in particular in the area of services.  
6.16.   In her statement just now, Ms  de la Mora Sánchez has responded comprehensively to the 
major queries and concerns raised by Members. We look forward to Mexico's replies to all 
outstanding questions in a month's time, which will then mark the successful conclusion of this Trade 
Policy Review.  
6.17.   In closing, I would like to point out that as in the previous Review, Members were heartened 
that Mexico has taken TPRs so seriously, as evidenced by the many respons es it provided. Members 
thanked Mexico for its engagement in the multilateral system, and given its importance, encouraged 
it to become even more active.  
6.18.   Finally, I would like to thank the delegation of Mexico both here and in the capital, the 
discussant, all delegations that participated, and the Secretariat for this fruitful review of Mexico's 
trade policies.  
__________