RESTRICTED  
  
WT/TPR/W/167  
28 June 2019  
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Trade Policy Review Body    
 
* In Original language only/ En langue originale seulement /En el idioma original solamente . 
  
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO  
DRAFT MINUTES  OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 22 AND 24 MAY 2019  
Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the 
Secretariat ( Mrs Barbara Blanquart: barbara.blanquart@wto.org , or to  tprd@wto.org ) no later 
than 12 July 2019 . 
 
Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales  
 
TRINITÉ -ET-TOBAGO  
PROJET DE COMPTE REN DU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 22 ET 24 MAI 2019  
Les délégations sont invitées à soumettre  leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs 
propres déclarations au Secrétariat ( Mme Barbara Blanquart: barbara.blanquart@wto.org , ou 
tprd@wto.org ) le 12 juillet 2019  au plus tard.  
 
Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales  
 
TRINIDAD Y TABAGO  
PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 22 Y 24 DE MAYO DE 20 19 
Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría (Sra. Barbara Blanquart: 
barbara.blanquart@wto.org , o tprd@wto.org ) a más tardar el 12 de julio de 2019  las 
correcciones fácticas que deseen introducir en sus propias declaraciones.  
 
 
_______________  
 
  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
 
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO  
DRAFT  MINUTES OF THE MEET ING 
Chairperson: H.E. Mr. Manuel A.J. Teehankee (Philippines)  
CONTENTS  
 
1   INTRODUCTORY REM ARKS BY THE CHAIRPER SON ................................ ......................  3 
2   OPENING STATEMEN T BY THE REP RESENTATIVE OF TRINI DAD AND TOBAGO  ............  5 
3   STATEMENT BY THE  DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
4   STATEMENTS BY ME MBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  12 
5   REPLIES BY THE R EPRESENTATIVE OF TRI NIDAD AND TOBAGO AND  ADDITIONAL 
COMMENTS  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  33 
6   CONCLUDING REMAR KS BY THE CHAIRPERSO N ................................ ........................  40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance  written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Trinidad and Tobago are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/388/Add.1 and will be available 
online at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIR PERSON  
1.1.  The fourth Trade Policy Review of Trinidad and Tobago was held on 22 and 24 May 2019. The 
Chairperson, H.E.  Mr. Manuel Teehankee (Philippines), welcomed the delegation of Trinidad and 
Tobago, headed by H.E. Senator Paula Gopee -Scoon, Minister of Trade and Industry; the rest of the 
delegation; and the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Michael Gaffey (Ireland).  
1.2.  At the outset, the Chairperson informed Members that the beginning of the meeting would be 
filmed for a video that would be prepa red to mark the 30th anniversary of the Trade Policy Review 
Mechanism.  
1.3.  The Chairperson reminded Members that the United Nations Industrial Development 
Organization (UNIDO) was participating as an ad hoc  observer in this TPR.  
1.4.  The Chairperson recalled the pu rpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The report by Trinidad and Tobago was contained in document WT/TPR/G/388 and that of 
the WTO Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/388.  
1.5.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in w riting before the deadline: United 
States; European Union; Costa Rica; Mexico; Chile; Brazil; China; Canada; Dominican Republic; 
Iceland; Singapore; and Colombia. The following delegation submitted written questions after the 
deadline: Thailand.  
1.6.  During its  previous Review, Members had expressed concern about Trinidad and Tobago's 
dependency on the oil and gas sector, and had highlighted the need to diversify the economy. 
Indeed, the vulnerability of the economy to external shocks was exposed over this revie w period, 
with falling production and declining oil prices both contributing to three years of economic recession. 
It was interesting to know how Trinidad and Tobago weathered the storm, and the results of new 
strategies, reforms, restructuring and economi c diversification initiatives. The Chairperson also 
recalled Members' observations in 2012 that economic diversification could have both sectoral and 
geographical dimensions; in this Review, there seemed to be a great interest in hearing about 
Trinidad and  Tobago's RTA plans, its reliance on unilateral preferences schemes provided by other 
Members, and implementation of the Caribbean Single Market and Economy.  
1.7.  Progress in customs -related reforms had also been noted in 2012; during the current review 
period,  Trinidad and Tobago adopted several measures, including: the near full implementation of 
the Single Electronic Window; the ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement; and the launch of 
a pilot Voluntary Compliance Programme for importers. Neverthele ss, infrastructure constraints, 
particularly at ports, appeared to be standing in the way of achieving efficiency gains. For this 
Review, some Members asked for more information about tendering procedures for infrastructure 
and transport projects and wheth er foreign investor participation in public -private partnership 
projects would be allowed. Furthermore, a high and growing share of imports were physically 
inspected; various Members were keen to know why these inspections were necessary.  
1.8.  With respect to l egislative reforms, the 2012 Review had noted that progress in enacting new 
laws had been slow in areas like competition policy, investment policy, intellectual property rights, 
government procurement and contingency measures. Over the review period, devel opments 
included the partial enactment of a new procurement act, and the enactment of a new trademarks 
act. Members expressed an interest in knowing when procurement legislation would be fully in force.  
1.9.  At its last Review, Members had also urged Trinidad a nd Tobago to address cases where applied 
tariffs were higher than bound levels. Since the situation remained unchanged, several Members 
asked for an update on how this issue was being resolved through the CARICOM Common External 
Tariff review.  
1.10.   Agriculture was another key area taken up in 2012, with Members observing its small and 
declining share in the economy, while still receiving high and increasing levels of support. In this 
Review, Members asked when Trinidad and Tobago would notify its domestic suppor t to agriculture, 
as well as provide details on measures to incentivize agricultural production and make it more 
sustainable. As at the time of the previous Review, concerns had been expressed about import WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  surcharges, which have now been expanded. In their  advance written questions, some Members 
hoped that Trinidad and Tobago would consider removing them.  
1.11.   The Chairperson looked forward to hearing Trinidad and Tobago's updates on these issues, as 
well as on the broad range of areas of interest contained in M embers' written questions.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVE OF TRINIDAD AND TOBA GO 
(H.E.  SENATOR PAULA GOPEE -SCOON)  
2.1.  First of all, let me express my Government's sincerest appreciation for being at this Forum for 
the fourth time since joining this august body on 1 March 1995. We are truly humbled once more 
by the high degree of interest which Members have shown in our country's well -being.  
2.2.  Since the last Trade Policy Review, the rate of economic growth in Trinidad and Tobago has 
widely fluctuated w ithin a range of -6.5% to 2.0% over the period 2012 -2018. This variation was 
brought about by the significant fluctuation in commodity prices and lowering oil and gas production 
levels, and energy remains the mainstay of our economy. Members may recall tha t in mid -2014, oil 
prices were at a high of USD 100 per barrel. By the end of that year, however, oil prices had fallen 
to USD 57 per barrel. In 2015, oil prices averaged only USD46 per barrel, dropping as low as 
USD 33 per barrel. By 2016, oil prices had dropped even further to USD 26 per barrel. Reduced oil 
prices also had a similar dampening effect on natural gas prices. As a result of this oil shock, 
Government's revenues declined by over 38% during this period.  
2.3.  As a result of this decline in government  revenues, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago 
has focused on stabilising the economy by implementing fiscal consolidation measures, stimulating 
economic growth, encouraging Foreign Direct Investment, and promoting trade and sector 
diversification, facil itating expansion in both the energy and non -energy sectors.  
2.4.  Members will be pleased to know that these measures have begun to yield positive results. In 
this regard, the Central Statistical Office has estimated that the Trinidad and Tobago economy had 
grown in real terms by 1.9% in 2018. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has also projected that 
growth in Trinidad and Tobago's economy will average 1.5% over the next five years (2019 -2023). 
In addition, the inflation rate is approximately 1%, the lowest in decades. Gross official reserves 
now stand at USD 7.5 billion or 8.0 months of import cover. Our Heritage and Stabilization Fund 
(HSF) is also at an all -time high of USD 6.1 billion.  
2.5.  This economic performance rests on the foundation of our National Deve lopment Strategy, 
2016-2030 (Vision 2030) which revolves on five new Thematic Areas as follows:  
• Theme I - Putting People First: Nurturing Our Greatest Asset;  
• Theme II - Promoting Good Governance and Service Excellence;  
• Theme III - Improving Productivity th rough Quality Infrastructure and Transportation;  
• Theme IV - Building Globally Competitive Businesses; and  
• Theme V - Placing the Environment at the Centre of Socio -economic Development.  
2.6.  Trinidad and Tobago has  long recognized the risks that over -reliance on the energy sector 
poses to its economy. In this regard, the Government has, and continues to encourage diversification 
away from oil and gas sector. Under Theme IV of our NDS (Building Globally Competitive 
Businesses), the Government has identified and prioritized the establishment of new business 
clusters in seven key national economic areas: manufacturing; financial services; maritime services; 
aviation services; agriculture and agro processing; software de sign and applications; and the 
creative industries, and is implementing mechanisms to support these sectors as part of a wider 
economic transformation programme.  
2.7.  During the period under this review (2012 -2018), the Government of the Republic of Trinidad 
and Tobago (GORTT) developed a Trade Policy and Strategy for the period spanning 2013 -2017. 
The overarching goal of this Trade Policy and Strategy was to ensure that the benefits of international 
trade contributed to the socio -economic development of Trinida d and Tobago through the expansion 
and diversification of production, exports (goods and services) and markets.  
2.8.  Since the expiration of the 2013 -2017 Policy, the Government in collaboration with the 
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ( ECLAC) has developed a Draft Trade 
Policy for Trinidad and Tobago for the period 2019 -2023, and this is geared towards economic growth 
and diversification. Some of the key components of the Policy are:  
• Enhancing Technical Negotiating Capacity – to enhance the country's ability to fully exploit 
available market opportunities opened by its negotiated trade agreements;  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  • Enhancing Market Access – to secure preferential access to markets of strategic export 
interest;  
• Improving Trade Facilitation – to collaborate closely with the private sector to minimize the 
cost of cross -border trade;  
• Expanding Trade in Goods by adopting Strategic and Innovative Approaches in Manufacturing, 
Agriculture and Green Industries; and  
• Expanding Trade in Services -to contribute positivel y to the growth and sustainable 
development of the domestic economy.  
2.9.  Based on the new Trade Policy, Trinidad and Tobago will continue to pursue its outward looking 
orientation to trade policy in different fora. We are already a leader and an active Member of the 
CARICOM community and are committed to the realization of the CARICOM Single Market and 
Economy (CSME). In this regard, the country's participation in trading relations at the various fora 
is underpinned by its membership in CARICOM and the harmoniz ation of trade policy initiatives at 
the bilateral and multilateral levels.  
2.10.   Trinidad and Tobago remains firmly committed to a fair and equitable rules -based multilateral 
trading system that is supportive of the development pursuits of Members and which it considers to 
be the foundation of its relationship with trading partners. As a small and vulnerable economy (SVE) 
with supply -side capacity constraints, Trinidad and Tobago recognizes the importance of trade as a 
development tool and therefore looks to the  multilateral trading system as an avenue to reduce its 
vulnerabilities.  
2.11.   Trinidad and Tobago is deeply committed to the negotiating process under the WTO and 
recognizes that its successful conclusion will bring benefits to all Members. However, we advocate  
for a pragmatic approach involving a work programme that takes due cognizance of the unique 
issues related to small and vulnerable economies. Additionally, we believe that a more focused 
approach to the provision of technical assistance will increase our capacity to participate 
meaningfully in the multilateral trading arena. Therefore, Trinidad and Tobago supports the 
mobilization of additional predictable, sustainable and effective financing as being central to the Aid 
for Trade initiative.  
2.12.   In this regar d, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago approved a National Aid for Trade 
(AfT) Strategy in 2016 together with the development of a National Aid for Trade Monitoring 
Committee. This Strategy will assist donors, investors and international development part ners in 
deciding where best to channel their resources to assist Trinidad and Tobago to further develop its 
international trade capacity. Notably, the Strategy identified funding for trade -related projects and 
programmes under three pillars, namely:  
a. Export  diversification;  
b. Competitiveness; and  
c. Trade facilitation.  
2.13.   In furtherance of our multilateral trade agenda, Trinidad and Tobago was among the first ten 
countries to ratify the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) in 2015. The ultimate purpose of this 
Agreement is to reduce the costs and delays associated with procedures which enable trade within 
free-market principles and to contribute to economic growth driven by international trade expansion. 
In keeping with the obligations under the TFA, Trinidad and Tobago submitted its Notification for 
Category A commitments to the WTO in June 2015. Category B and C commitments were notified in 
2018.  
2.14.   A National Trade Facilitation Committee (NTFC) comprising representatives of the public and 
private sectors was establ ished in March 2016 under the aegis of the Ministry of Trade and Industry. 
The Committee's mandate includes the domestic implementation of the TFA. Since 2016, the 
Committee has undertaken a range of activities which are required for coordinating and 
imple menting various provisions under the TFA.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  2.15.   Once again, Mr. Chairman, Trinidad and Tobago has found the Trade Policy Review process 
to be an enlightening and useful exercise. The Secretariat's report has in large measure reflected 
the current state of our trade policies. In addition, it has also rev ealed those areas of our trade policy 
which require additional attention. Trinidad and Tobago undertakes to remedy those areas within 
the shortest possible period, using the assistance of our regional and multilateral partners and 
agencies.  
2.16.   Before closing , may I just address the areas where Trinidad and Tobago has shown positive 
results since the last Trade Policy Review:  
• We are among the first countries to ratify the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement in 
July 2015;  
• We developed and e -Commerce Strategy in 2 017; 
• We developed and launched an Aid for Trade Strategy in April 2017;  
• We strengthened the Legislative Framework in some areas of Intellectual Property Rights - 
Promulgation of a new Trademarks Act in 2015;  
• Increased enforcement in the area of online conte nt; 
• Strong Implementation of the Single Electronic Window System (TTBizLink) - which currently 
hosts 46 government e -services. These e -services have contributed to significant delivery -
time improvements in the border clearance process. In addition, the Sing le Electronic 
Window System is now fully integrated with the Asycuda World System administrated by the 
Customs and Excise Division;  
• We developed a National Quality Policy in 2018;  
• Diversification: there has been some progress in this area. For example, the  services sector 
now counting for 60% of GDP, up from 46% in 2010;  
• In the area of insurance reform, a new Insurance Act was enacted in 2018; and  
• Government procurement: there was the enactment of a new legislative framework 
undertaken in 2015 which is expe cted to be fully implemented the 5th of September 2019.  
 
2.17.   We have been privileged to present my country's trade policy regime which we believe is 
geared toward not only the attainment of economic growth and prosperity for all of  our citizens, but 
also the advancement of the multilateral trading system. We acknowledge the urgent need for 
progress in the diversification of the economy and acceleration of the pace of further trade reforms. 
We have no doubt that we can achieve our ob jectives with the further guidance and support of WTO 
Members.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSANT  
Introduction  
3.1.  I would like to open by thanking you, Mr Chairman, for this opportunity to contribute.  
3.2.  I would also like thank the Secretariat for the excellent job they have done in compiling the 
report on Trinidad and Tobago.  
3.3.  And above all, I would like to welcome the Trinidad and Tobago Minster of Trade and Industry, 
Her Excellency, Senator Paula Gopee -Scoon and her delegation which has travelled to Geneva for 
this Review session, ably supported by my colleague, Ambassador Antoine -Cambridge and officials.  
Wider Context  
3.4.  In the first instance, I would like to review briefly the wider context for our discussion today.  
3.5.  I will note, first of all , some distinct similarities with my own country, Ireland. Trinidad and 
Tobago is a small island economy, heavily dependent on trade and tourism. It was a colony for many 
centuries before gaining independence and declaring as a republic. We understand inst inctively 
therefore how fostering good international relations and engaging with multilateralism, including in 
trade matters, is an essential element in Trinidad and Tobago's economic, social and political 
development.  
3.6.  This is evident, not just in terms of  membership of CARICOM – and other international 
groupings.  
3.7.  It is possibly even more important in the context of cricket, where competition between players 
from local States ensures that the West Indies cricket team will always be a force to be reckoned 
with and probably not threatened by Ireland.  
3.8.  Trinidad and Tobago, like Ireland, is a strong supporter of the multilateral trading system and 
a strong example of how the global rules -based system provides opportunities and can also operate 
as a safety net, e specially for smaller countries, in competing with much larger, wealthier and more 
diversified economies.  
3.9.  However, where Trinidad and Tobago differs currently from Ireland in one major respect, is in 
the degree of its vulnerability in climate terms, and b y extension in economic terms, due to its 
geographical location.  
3.10.   In your remarks, Mr Chairman, you referred to the volatility in energy prices and their impact 
on the Trinidad and Tobago's economy, asking how they had "weathered the storm"?  
3.11.   Mr Chairman, a t the last General Council in May, the Ambassador of Trinidad and Tobago 
underlined the vulnerabilities of small island developing economies and the adverse effects natural 
disasters can have on trade costs. She reminded us that in the Caribbean, for examp le, the 2017 
hurricane season ushered in a record number of six consecutive hurricanes which accounted for 
USD 229 billion in damage and she called for special treatment and the establishment of special 
mechanisms that could be activated subsequent to a ca tastrophic natural disaster to achieve 
recovery in the shortest possible time.  
3.12.   Whatever the cost in financial terms, in economic terms or in trade terms, as we conduct this 
Trade Policy Review, I think it's important that we must not forget that behind the  economics are 
people, citizens and livelihoods, all vulnerable to climate catastrophe. Ireland believes that the 
multilateral system has an obligation to recognize and address this vulnerability.  
Previous TPR of Trinidad and Tobago  
3.13.   I make those remarks ab out the economic and non -economic challenges that Trinidad and 
Tobago has had to cope with since the WTO conducted its last Review in 2012.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  3.14.   Let me briefly recap the conclusions from that last Review. At that point, the global economic 
crisis was having its  full impact, as we, in Ireland know well, and Members praised Trinidad and 
Tobago's handling of their economy during the period. Noting that Trinidad and Tobago is an open 
economy there were a number of policy areas where Members suggested reforms to crea te a better 
business and trading environment, for example, in competition policy, intellectual property, 
investment, and government procurement. In sectoral terms, Members urged diversification away 
from the oil and gas sector and in trade terms, Members w ere concerned about the need for 
predictability in tariff rates. I think we will see that Trinidad and Tobago has accepted these points 
of view and has attempted to address them, notwithstanding the very challenging backdrop.  
Economic Performance and Polic y 
3.15.   Trinidad and Tobago is a small open economy and, therefore, open to the vagaries of 
international economics, not least as a result of the economy's heavy dependence on the oil and gas 
sector.  
3.16.   In 2011, the sector accounted for close to half of the country 's GDP. By 2016, it represented 
less than one -fifth. 
3.17.   Mainly due to the halving of the price of oil and gas on world markets in the period since the 
last Trade Policy review in 2012, Trinidad and Tobago has endured periods of severe recession, 
resulting in contraction of the economy in 2014, 2016 and 2017 with a further contraction expected 
for 2018.  
3.18.   This, in turn, has had a serious negative impact on the public finances, curtailing the ability 
of the Government to invest in support of enterprise and trade development. In fact, the Government 
has had to increase some business taxes as a consequence.  
3.19.   Another factor for all economies, but especially small open economies, in tandem with the 
ebb and flow of economic and political tidings, is inward or outward mi gration. We have recognized 
the positive aspects of migration, economically and socially, but as we review trade developments 
in Trinidad and Tobago over the past five and more years, we need also to bear in mind the economic 
challenges Trinidad and Tobago  is currently facing linked to inward migration.  
3.20.   The Government of Trinidad and Tobago recognizes its over -reliance on the energy sector and 
in response has developed a national development strategy called Vision 2030.  
3.21.   This strategy aims to ensure economi c growth by increasing exports and managing foreign 
exchange, improving productivity and managing the impacts of external developments in the energy 
sector.  
3.22.   Other notable strategies and policy developments include an Aid for Trade strategy, a policy 
to dev elop Special Economic Zones, a national Quality Standards policy, a Strategy for Services, as 
well as a new Innovation Policy and new initiatives in relation to competition and consumer policy. I 
am sure that Members will want to hear more about the implem entation of such strategies.  
3.23.   Members have also made reference to the important gender dimension of trade policy. The 
gender balance of the delegation from Trinidad and Tobago today is certainly a sign of leadership in 
this regard.  
3.24.   In terms of competitivene ss, Trinidad and Tobago scores well in certain important rankings in 
the World Economic Forum Index, in particular under the headings of Education and Training and 
Technological Readiness, which have impacts over the longer term. These are areas of 
competi tiveness that Ireland has honed over several decades and which are key to sustained 
economic growth and development. However, Trinidad and Tobago recognizes that its overall 
competitiveness standing can also be improved in the short term and is taking spec ific measures in 
that direction.  
3.25.   Against that background, the IMF has suggested that structural reforms are necessary 
particularly to strengthen the competitiveness and the contribution of the non -energy sector.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  3.26.   On the upside, according to the Government' s report, the IMF also sees a positive outlook for 
economic growth, forecasting average annual growth of 1.6% over the next five years.  
Trade policy and sectoral context  
3.27.   As I said earlier, import and export trade plays a critical role in the economy of Trinidad and 
Tobago, with merchandise trade accounting for 72% of GDP in 2017. However, within that number, 
the share of exports in GDP has fallen from 63% in 2012 to 45% in 2017.  
3.28.   Further, the GDP share of both exports and imports has declined since the la st review due to 
the direct and indirect impacts of the fall in global energy prices. Transport, tourism and insurance 
are the main services exports, while mineral and chemical products are the main merchandise 
exports.  
3.29.   The United States, other American ec onomies and the EU are the largest export destinations 
for Trinidad and Tobago while the US and the EU are the primary sources of imports.  
3.30.   In terms of formal trading agreements, Trinidad and Tobago is a member of CARICOM which 
in turn has regional trade ag reements with the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Cuba and Costa Rica. 
CARICOM is looking at further options to extend its range of trade agreements. Trinidad and Tobago 
is also a signatory to the CARIFORUM –EU Economic Partnership Agreement and has entered i nto 
bilateral trade agreements with Panama and Guatemala.  
3.31.   Members are also keen to see Trinidad and Tobago continue to develop and implement free 
trade agreements and regional trade agreements.  
3.32.   Trinidad and Tobago has an ambitious and liberal foreign inve stment regime targeting sectors 
as wide and varied as food and agriculture, the creative industries and software development, 
e-commerce, banking and telecoms services. This part of the strategy to diversify the economy and 
trade. As we fully appreciate in  Ireland, for smaller nations, foreign investment can both serve to 
directly boost exports as well as having a spill -over effect into indigenous services and exports.  
3.33.   Members have asked some specific questions around trade policy, in particular relating to  the 
tariff regime, other trade taxes and import surcharges.  
3.34.   In addition, there are questions about the customs arrangements, import processing times, 
inspections, etc.  
3.35.   There is a general exhortation to ensure that Trinidad and Tobago keeps its notificatio n 
obligations up to date and to ensure transparency in relation to subsidies and other supports.  
3.36.   Turning to some of the key sectors, I found it interesting that while the energy sector, financial 
services and transport and tourism services represent a larg e proportion of the economy, there are 
relatively few questions from Members in relation to these services.  
3.37.   By contrast, many of the specific questions relate to measures in the agriculture and fisheries 
sectors, which represents a relatively small part of  the economy, including on domestic supports, 
subsidies and import taxes.  
Conclusion  
3.38.   Mr Chairman, the TPR Mechanism is a valuable tool for the WTO in taking a horizontal 
perspective on a country's trade policy and performance, but placing its WTO commitme nts in the 
context of the wider economic policies and challenges each country faces.  
3.39.   It is also invaluable in demonstrating the benefits of WTO membership for smaller countries 
and in turn for those countries to demonstrate transparency in meeting their W TO commitments.  
3.40.   It is an invaluable peer review of trade and economic development, and it underlines the 
value of multilateralism, ensuring a balance between Members rights and obligations.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  3.41.   I know that Trinidad and Tobago, just like my country, values the  rules-based system and 
appreciates the benefits of WTO membership where it can sit at the table, on equal terms, with 
larger, more powerful economies.  
3.42.   So the overriding personal message I would have from the papers we have read and the 
presentation we ha ve heard from the Minister, is that Trinidad and Tobago continues to develop and 
implement policies that strengthen the business environment, improve the nation's competitiveness 
and diversifies its trade to ensure resilience in the face if whatever challe nges come along.  
3.43.   Mr Chairman, the steel pan is something of a national symbol of Trinidad and Tobago, 
reflecting its artistic culture and its innovative bent.  
3.44.   Steel indicates strength and resolve, and an island economy such as Trinidad and Tobago 
needs to  have both to address the challenges to which it is exposed. In fact, I think that Trinidad 
and Tobago has amply demonstrated these characteristics in meeting past and current challenges 
and I wish the Minister, in particular, a very successful Trade Polic y Review.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBER S 
UNITED  STATES  
4.1.  The United States is Trinidad and Tobago's number one trading partner with a total trade in 
goods of USD 5.8 billion. In 2018, merchandise trade in exports from the United States to Trinidad 
and Tobago reached USD 2.1 billion and imports reached USD 3.7 bi llion.  
4.2.  The United States is pleased with the results of the preferential trading programs between our 
countries and we recognize that the Caribbean Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) and the Caribbean 
Basin Trade Promotion Act (CBTPA) have brought economic and  trade benefits to both our economies 
along with increased cooperation.  The decision to renew CBTPA is currently with our Congress. We 
look forward to supporting their decision and continuing to grow our trade and economic relationship.  
4.3.  The United States,  along with several other Members submitted written advance questions as 
part of this review, and we express our appreciation to the delegation for their responses. We would 
like use our remarks today to highlight some specific concerns with Trinidad and T obago's trade 
regime as part of this review.  
4.4.  As raised in the Secretariat report, Trinidad and Tobago applied an MFN rate that exceeds its 
bound rate on 59 lines in 2018, up from 50 in 2011. We request that Trinidad and Tobago articulate 
plans to align the se tariff lines with its WTO bound rates, or take steps to modify its schedule under 
Article XXVIII of GATT 1994. We appreciate Trinidad and Tobago's response that it is working at the 
regional level on this issue, and we would be interested in further cla rification on timing beyond the 
reference to the 'short term' provided in the written responses.  
4.5.  The Secretariat's Report notes that while import surcharges imposed in 1990 were supposed 
to be temporary, Trinidad and Tobago continues to apply new import s urcharges. We request clarity 
on the reasons behind applying and maintaining these surcharges and ask Trinidad and Tobago to 
elaborate its plans to abolish the system under the Miscellaneous Taxes Act. We are particularly 
concerned with the imposition of i mport surcharges on nine poultry tariff lines in place since March 
2013. The United States appreciates the response from Trinidad and Tobago that it does not now 
nor does it have any plans to impose tariff quotas.  
4.6.  The United States views intellectual prope rty rights as an important tool to foster creative 
industries, entrepreneurship and fuel economic growth. As such, the United States is interested to 
know more about enforcement actions intended to address piracy of televised programming and 
infringement o n the internet through streaming devices. Additionally, we would like to learn more 
about the regulatory actions taken against cable and satellite operators that that have provided 
unlicensed content to cable and satellite service subscribers.  
4.7.  The United S tates appreciates the opportunity to engage in this dialogue and looks forward to 
continued work with Trinidad and Tobago both bilaterally and within the WTO.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.8.  Since its last review in 2012, the economic situation of Trinidad and Tobago has b een negatively 
impacted by the fluctuation of oil and LNG prices. During the period under review, real GDP growth 
averaged around –1% annually. Against this background, GDP per capita declined to around 
USD 16,000 in 2017, compared with around USD 19,000 i n 2012.  
4.9.  However, the good news are that this trend seems now to belong to the past as growth resumed 
in 2018 which led the IMF to project that growth in Trinidad and Tobago's economy will average 
1.5% over the next five (5) years (2019 -2023). Trinidad and  Tobago remains one of the most 
developed nations in the Caribbean, and a high -level income country.  
4.10.   Taking into account these developments, the EU invited the authorities - via its written 
advanced questions - to report on their current use of the differen tiated treatment that is available 
for developing countries in implementing certain WTO agreements and to indicate the perspectives 
in this regard for future negotiations. The EU thanks the authorities for their reply but regrets that 
no details have been supplied regarding the current use by Trinidad and Tobago of the differentiated WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  treatment that the WTO instruments allow except, indirectly, vis their notification of category C 
commitments for the implementation of the TFA.  
4.11.   The economy remains driven by natural gas and petro -chemical exports even if industrial and 
financial sectors are being developed to diversify the economy and it is an important commercial 
and business hub.  
4.12.   To address the challenges of the declining/volatile revenues from the energy s ector, the 
authorities refer to their plans such as the "Vision 2030": The EU welcomes this recognition of the 
need for further reforms aiming inter alia at increased social inclusion, good governance and making 
the industry and the whole economy more inno vative and environmentally responsible. The EU is 
very keen to know more about the implementation of these goals, notably regarding good 
governance and environmental issues. The EU is of the view that multilateral and regional trade and 
transparent busines s environments could play an important role in this agenda.  
4.13.   The EU remains the second trading partner of Trinidad and Tobago behind the United States 
while the share of CARICOM in Trinidad and Tobago's trade has declined. This leads the EU to ask 
the autho rities how they see their integration in the region and its perspectives.  
4.14.   The EU's relations with Trinidad and Tobago are underpinned by the Cotonou Partnership 
Agreement, signed in 2000 by the EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. Since the 
end of 2008, Trinidad and Tobago has been Party to the EU -CARIFORUM European Partnership 
Agreement that sets important commitments for trade liberalisation on both sides and which has 
now entered the 10th year of its application. The EU remains a provi der of development assistance, 
much of which is aimed at modernization and diversification of its economy. The current 11th EDF 
National Indicative Programme which runs from 2014 to 2020 amounts to EUR 9.7 million with focus 
on, inter alia , innovation and Civil Society. In the period 2008 -13, EU's total assistance amounted 
to EUR 25.9 million.  
4.15.   With the aim of diversifying the economy, EU cooperation activities are focused on boosting 
the country's non -energy industrial and service sectors, in particular by  encouraging closer 
university -industry cooperation, providing assistance to small and micro sized enterprises, and 
stimulating export -oriented activities. In addition, the EU supported sustainable growth, 
conservation of biodiversity, and mitigation measu res to the impact of Climate Change on a small 
island state. The EU further supported the mitigation of the environmental impact from the extraction 
of resources with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative.  
4.16.   Finally, Trinidad and Tobago was a ben eficiary of the EU's Accompanying Measures for Sugar 
Protocol Countries that has now ended.  Under the AMS, Trinidad and Tobago has received a total 
of EUR 75 million over the period 2007 -2013.  
4.17.   The EU will not repeat its advanced written questions but we w ould like the authorities to 
clarify further, for example and among other issues, the perspectives regarding several tariffs that 
exceed and surpass the bound rate by huge margins.  
4.18.   We would like to conclude by wishing all the best to Trinidad and Tobago fo r their Review.  
COSTA  RICA 
4.19.   En más de 45 años de relaciones diplomáticas entre nuestros países, hemos suscrito 
importantes acuerdos en materia de cooperación y de comercio. De hecho, Trinidad y Tobago es uno 
de los principales socios comerciales de Costa Ri ca en el Caribe, siendo nuestro principal suplidor en 
esa región.  
4.20.   Somos países pequeños pero voluntariosos. Nos une, además, el compromiso con el desarrollo 
sostenible y con la búsqueda de alternativas renovables a los embates del cambio climático, ya que  
ambas naciones experimentamos - cada vez más frecuentemente - el impacto y las consecuencias 
de los fenómenos naturales.  
4.21.   Costa Rica reconoce los esfuerzos realizados por Trinidad y Tobago para diversificar su 
economía y generar desarrollo social y económi co como lo propone el plan Visión 2030, durante el WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  período de evaluación para este 4º Examen. También es importante subrayar la sectorización de 
políticas para mejorar la competitividad, en particular por el interés asignado al desarrollo del 
comercio elec trónico y de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación.  
4.22.   Asimismo, constatamos un trabajo importante en materia de facilitación de comercio, sobre 
todo con la implementación de la Ventanilla Única Electrónica. Esperamos conocer el impacto y sus 
resultados una vez que los servicios estén totalmente operativos en el 2021. En lo referente al sector 
Servicios, se destaca que para el 2017 este rondara el 60% del PIB, lo cual denota el valor que se 
le asigna al turismo, transporte y servicios financieros, p or mencionar algunos.  
4.23.   Pese a que se aprecia el esfuerzo por sobrellevar la compleja situación económica por la que 
atraviesa el país, Trinidad y Tobago mantiene una importante dependencia del sector petrolero tanto 
en exportaciones como en materia de inver sión extranjera, lo cual lo hace vulnerable a factores 
externos.  
4.24.   Costa Rica desea manifestar su preocupación en la aplicación de aranceles por encima del 
consolidado en 59 líneas arancelarias, situación que ha decaído desde el 2011 con los cambios de 
enmienda. Asimismo, el informe de la Secretaría destaca que el promedio de los aranceles aplicados 
a productos agropecuarios es más elevado que el de los no agropecuarios. Mi delegación ve esto 
como un área de mejora, y alienta a Trinidad y Tobago a revisar la  imposición de nuevos impuestos 
a las importaciones, particularmente los asignados a neumáticos usados, en congruencia con los 
principios fundacionales de la OMC como la no discriminación, la apertura, la previsibilidad y la 
transparencia.  
4.25.   Costa Rica considera que existen múltiples oportunidades para un país como Trinidad y 
Tobago en el floreciente mundo de la economía digital. Los instamos a seguir trabajando por 
diversificar su economía, sobre todo en el portafolio de los servicios, ya que para econo mías 
pequeñas pero afanosas como las nuestras, las posibilidades son crecientes.  
4.26.   Para concluir, mi delegación desea expresar su simpatía con Trinidad y Tobago ya que este 
año Costa Rica también se someterá a este proceso de evaluación y comprendemos el esf uerzo y el 
trabajo que esto conlleva, no sólo en las capitales sino también en las misiones en Ginebra. 
Deseamos agradecer a la Secretaría por el informe detallado y por hacer nuevamente de este 
ejercicio un ejemplo de transparencia para toda la membresía.  
MÉXICO  
4.27.   México valora mucho su relación comercial con Trinidad y Tobago y los demás países de la 
CARICOM. En 2018, México y Trinidad y Tobago lograron un comercio total que superó los 
440 millones de dólares1, cifra que logró un crecimiento de casi 30% sol o en el último año. Los 
productos más intercambiados son los productos minerales, maquinaria y productos de la industria 
alimentaria. Esperamos que nuestra relación comercial bilateral siga fortaleciéndose de igual manera 
en los siguientes años.  
4.28.   El reto má s grande que continúa enfrentando Trinidad y Tobago es su fuerte dependencia de 
los sectores de productos minerales y químicos, ya que en el 2017 constituyeron 75% de sus 
exportaciones y 40% de su PIB. Como se aprecia en el informe de la Secretaría, esta d ependencia 
es la principal responsable de tres años de recesión económica desde el último Examen. Sin 
embargo, reconocemos los esfuerzos que Trinidad y Tobago ha realizado para enfrentar esta 
situación por medio de programas de diversificación de la econom ía y estrategias para reforzar la 
competitividad a escala mundial, el principal siendo "Visión 2030", en donde figuran sus principales 
prioridades económicas, tales como: expandir las exportaciones; elevar los ingresos en divisas y el 
nivel de empleo; incr ementar la productividad; y asumir los cambios en el terreno de la energía, 
entre otras.  
4.29.   Del mismo modo, aplaudimos su Estrategia Nacional de Ayuda para el Comercio y los tres 
pilares que la integran: el Pilar de la Diversificación de las Exportaciones, el  Pilar de la Competitividad 
                                                
 1 Secretaría de Economía - http://www.economia -snci.gob.mx/sic_php/pages/estadisticas/ . 
 WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  y el Pilar de la Facilitación del Comercio. La buena implementación y el éxito de esta estrategia 
puede generar resultados positivos al desarrollo económico y social del país.  
4.30.   De igual manera, reconocemos la mejora del entorno e mpresarial en cuanto a los 
procedimientos aduaneros, los permisos de construcción, el apoyo financiero, la gestión de visados 
y el pago de servicios de agua. La mejora del entorno empresarial es fundamental para el desarrollo 
de las MiPyMEs e incentiva la innovación y la diversificación.  
4.31.   México considera que sería de gran relevancia que se pueda establecer el Comité Nacional de 
Obstáculos no Arancelarios, ya que el mejor cumplimiento del Acuerdo sobre Obstáculos Técnicos al 
Comercio y el aumento de las noti ficaciones son esenciales para incrementar la transparencia, no 
solo en beneficio de Trinidad y Tobago, sino del Sistema Multilateral del Comercio.  
4.32.   Por otro lado, nos llama la atención que, según el informe de la Secretaría de la OMC, Trinidad 
y Tobago aplica aranceles en 59 líneas arancelarias por encima de sus respectivos aranceles 
consolidados. Instamos a Trinidad y Tobago a que reestablezca sus aranceles aplicados de 
conformidad con los compromisos asumidos ante esta organización.  
4.33.   Finalmente, México quisiera reiterar su compromiso con el fortalecimiento de sus relaciones 
comerciales con Trinidad y Tobago. Confiamos que nuestra cooperación logrará mejorar nuestro 
entorno socioeconómico y el de nuestras regiones. Agradecemos las respuestas a las pregunt as 
formuladas por mi delegación y le deseamos mucho éxito en el presente Examen.  
CHILE  
4.34.   Las relaciones diplomáticas entre Chile y Trinidad y Tobago datan desde 1964. Para Chile, 
Trinidad y Tobago es un socio importante en América Latina no solo por ser la p rincipal economía 
de CARICOM y tercera en población (1,4 millones de habitantes) sino también porque existe una 
mirada común respecto de la importancia de la integración regional, la valoración de la democracia 
y el fomento del comercio como herramienta pa ra el desarrollo.  
4.35.   Trinidad y Tobago es también un socio muy importante para Chile en materia energética, 
como principal proveedor de gas natural licuado (GNL). Por tal razón, ambos países firmamos un 
Memorándum de Entendimiento concerniente a la Cooperaci ón en el Desarrollo de los Intereses en 
el Sector de la Energía, en febrero de 2010.  
4.36.   Si bien el tema energético es fundamental en nuestra relación económica bilateral, deseamos 
ir más allá. En este sentido, cabe destacar las conversaciones bilaterales sos tenidas últimamente 
con el fin de iniciar negociaciones para la firma de un Acuerdo de Alcance Parcial que excluya el gas 
y promueva el comercio bilateral de otros bienes y servicios.  
4.37.   En este marco, es destacable también el interés expresado por la Organi zación Nacional de 
Facilitación de Exportaciones de Trinidad y Tobago (ExporTT), en cuanto a firmar un Memorándum 
de Entendimiento con ProChile para buscar formas de expandir el comercio con nuestro país, más 
allá del gas licuado. Por lo mismo, se espera q ue durante este año representantes de ExporTT visiten 
Chile para conocer las oportunidades que ofrece el mercado chileno y explorar eventuales 
inversiones.  
4.38.   Por otra parte, cabe señalar que, entre otros acuerdos recientes, en negociación o pendiente 
de firm a, se incluyen uno en propiedad intelectual; en exención de visas; y un acuerdo de servicios 
aéreos. Esperamos poder concluir a la brevedad posible aquellas negociaciones que aún se 
encuentran en curso.  
4.39.   En el plano del intercambio comercial bilateral, el total registrado por ambos países alcanzó 
la cifra de USD 724 mil millones durante el 2018, correspondiendo el 88% de éste a las importaciones 
de gas natural licuado por parte de Chile. Sin embargo, habría que mencionar que éste ha sido 
irregular durante l os últimos años, acumulando un crecimiento negativo de 7,5% entre 2013 y 2018.  
4.40.   En cuanto al desempeño económico –comercial de Trinidad y Tobago, no obstante las crisis 
económicas sufridas durante el período examinado, por causa, principalmente, de los epis odios de WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  contracción de la actividad económica real en el sector de la energía, destacamos el hecho que el 
desempleo se mantuvo relativamente estático y la inflación disminuyó.  
4.41.   Destacamos, asimismo, el hecho que, si bien los productos minerales (incluidos  los 
combustibles) siguen constituyendo la mayor partida de exportaciones de Trinidad y Tobago, su 
parte en las exportaciones totales de mercancías disminuyó en cerca de un 10% durante el período 
objeto de examen, reduciendo en parte el nivel de dependenci a de su economía en los hidrocarburos. 
Ello es especialmente relevante toda vez que, como efecto de la crisis, los ingresos públicos, que 
dependen en gran medida del sector petrolífero, disminuyeron considerablemente, lo que se reflejó 
en el aumento del dé ficit fiscal y la deuda neta del sector público.  
4.42.   Ante ese panorama económico, Trinidad y Tobago intensificó los esfuerzos para diversificar y 
mejorar la competitividad de su economía, a la vez que emprendía otras reformas necesarias. En 
este sentido, dest acamos la implementación del plan de orientación del desarrollo social y económico 
de Trinidad y Tobago conocido como "Visión 2030: Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo de Trinidad y 
Tobago 2016 -2030".  
4.43.   Además, cabe mencionar que Trinidad y Tobago ha elaborad o una Estrategia Nacional de 
Ayuda para el Comercio, así como políticas sectoriales específicas encaminadas a desarrollar el 
comercio electrónico, crear un régimen moderno de zonas económicas especiales, alentar el 
desarrollo de las TIC, revitalizar la ind ustria de la navegación de recreo, y crear un sólido sistema 
nacional de la calidad.  
4.44.   En este marco, destacamos la implementación reformas empresariales que buscan mejorar 
el clima doméstico de negocios e inversiones a través de un mejoramiento de la facili dad para hacer 
negocios; la implementación de un nuevo marco de inversión para la aprobación y facilitación de 
inversiones en el sector no energético; y el fortalecimiento de la Ventanilla Única Electrónica para la 
Facilitación de Comercio y Negocios.  
4.45.   Felicitamos, finalmente, el esfuerzo desplegado por el Gobierno de Trinidad y Tobago en 
cuanto a identificar áreas económicas clave de interés para la diversificación de la economía como 
son los sectores manufactureros, servicios financieros, servicios marítim os, servicios de aviación, 
pesca y procesamiento de pescado, agricultura y procesamiento agrícola, y diseño y aplicación de 
software.  
4.46.   Para este 4º Examen de las políticas comerciales de Trinidad y Tobago, Chile ha hecho una 
pregunta relacionada con los pro cesos de aprobación interna y de entrada en vigor establecido para 
los ACR celebrados con países que no son parte de CARICOM. Junto con agradecer las respuestas 
entregadas, le deseamos a Trinidad y Tobago una exitosa revisión de su política comercial.   
BRAZIL 
4.47.   As we heard, the economy of Trinidad and Tobago has faced strong economic headwinds in 
recent years, caused by the reduction in the international prices of oil and gas. Three consecutive 
years of recession led to a reduction of per capita GDP and tax revenues, with increased fiscal deficit 
and public debt. Nevertheless, unemployment and inflation have remained stable, providing a basis 
for recovery. Preliminary data indicate that the economy has already started to rebound in 2018, 
with a GDP growth of 1.4%. For 2019, a growth of 2% is predicted and we hope this trend can be 
maintained during the next years.  
4.48.   We praise the Government of Trinidad and Tobago for its efforts to improve trade legislation 
and to diversify the economy. This is a much -needed measures to expedite any economic, trade and 
institutional reforms and to pave the way for sustainable growth a nd development. In the same vein, 
the continuation of the efforts to enact a legislative and regulatory framework to attract investments 
outside the oil and gas sector is part of a development strategy consolidated in the "Vision 2030 
Plan", with ambitious  long-term goals. Those efforts, of course, necessarily have to comply with the 
WTO legal framework.  
4.49.   Trade flows between Brazil and Trinidad and Tobago have significantly intensified throughout 
the period under review. Brazil is the fourth largest trade pa rtner of Trinidad and Tobago. This 
translates into a bilateral trade flow of USD 728 million in 2018 that is mainly composed of iron ore, WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  petroleum, uncoated paper and tobacco. We look forward to building upon such solid foundations 
for increased integrati on, maintaining a close dialogue with trade authorities on topics of mutual 
interest.  
4.50.   Regarding agriculture, Brazil has a meaningful participation in total agricultural imports into 
Trinidad and Tobago. Areas for improvement include reducing timeliness in the process of approval 
of foreign meat -exporting establishments. Sanitary and phytosanitary requirements could also 
benefit from more predictability and clarity, especially in the case of import restrictions for animals. 
Such restrictions limit the potent ial exports of Brazilian products and we look forward to working 
with the Government of Trinidad and Tobago to overcome those limitations.  
4.51.   Import surcharges on poultry is another area of concern, as Trinidad and Tobago authorities 
had indicated in the last  TPR that the country would abolish such import surcharges. Furthermore, 
beet sugar and cane sugar surcharges are well above the MFN tariff and it is unclear how they 
comply with the Schedules of Concession. We expect the Government of Trinidad and Tobago to 
revert those surcharges in the very near future.  
4.52.   Additionally, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago continues to provide subsidies for the 
fishing industry to import marine engines and equipment, to acquire vessels and to reduce fuel 
prices, despite in formation indicating overfishing of stocks.  
4.53.   We have submitted a set of questions on measures related to sanitary and phytosanitary 
requirements, import surcharges and non -automatic import licenses. We thank the delegation for 
the answers provided, which wi ll be conveyed to our capital for further analysis.  
4.54.   Let me conclude by wishing the delegation of Trinidad and Tobago a successful Trade Policy 
Review.  
CHINA  
4.55.   China values and has been enjoying close and friendly relation with Trinidad and Tobago ever 
since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1974. The economic and trade cooperation between the 
two countries has been developing fast and smoothly. Two -way trade rose very quickly, contracting 
and labour service cooperation was well under way. Trinidad and T obago has been China's largest 
trade partner in the English -speaking Caribbean region. In 2018, the total amount of the bilateral 
trade reached USD 732 million, which increased by 19.7%. Although the exports from China to 
Trinidad and Tobago which was USD 347 million decreased by 19.3% in 2018, the export from 
Trinidad and Tobago to China increased by 111.4%, the amount of which reached USD 385 million.  
4.56.   We noticed that the economy of Trinidad and Tobago has undergone continuous recession 
since last review,  but a number of positive developments in its economy should be highlighted which 
were achieved by Trinidad and Tobago's efforts to make its economy more competitive. For example, 
the rate of inflation has been declining and the unemployment remained withi n the conservative 
range of 3 -5%, etc. In addition, we congratulate for its approval of National Development Strategy 
- Vision 2030, National Aid for trade strategy, National E -Commerce strategy as well as its sector 
policies for e -commerce, modern special  economic zones regime, ICT development, yachting 
industry and national quality system. We believe the implementation of those strategies and policies 
will help Trinidad and Tobago to improve its business environment, economy competitiveness and 
achieve a sustainable development in the near future.  
4.57.   On the multilateral level, we are pleased to see that Trinidad and Tobago has accepted the 
2005 Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement in 2013 and the 2014 Protocol concerning the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement in J uly 2015. We also appreciate its active role in the WTO work programme, 
including in the negotiating groups of ACP, G90, G33, Small and Vulnerable Economies etc. The 
Secretariat report describes the efforts by the Trinidad and Tobago Government to improve its 
business environment, which we noticed that it appears to be being held back by various factors. In 
this regard we wish to encourage Trinidad and Tobago to improve the visa convenience and foreign 
exchange to establish a more positive environment for b usiness and investment.  
4.58.   China also commends Trinidad and Tobago's firm commitment and strong support to a fair 
and equitable rules -based multilateral trading system. However, the WTO is facing systemic WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  challenges that have to be dealt with the entire Membe rship. China would work with Trinidad and 
Tobago and other Members to uphold the fundamental principles of this Organization, resist 
unilateralism and protectionism, support each other on multilateral international arenas, collectively 
safeguard the rule -based multilateral trading system and the common interests of developing 
countries.  
4.59.   Trinidad and Tobago and China enjoy complementary economies and have  very broad 
cooperative prospects. From the successful infrastructure construction projects to the finan cial 
supports, such as Scarborough General Hospital which was jointly completed by the companies from 
both sides, China has been supporting Trinidad and Tobago in developing economy, improving 
people's livelihoods and enhancing their ability in independent  and sustainable development. Looking 
ahead, China is willing to align the Belt and Road Initiative with the development strategies of 
Trinidad and Tobago to enhance cooperation and communication in areas of infrastructure, energy, 
finance, agriculture and  business environment.  
4.60.   Finally, we would like to reiterate our support for Trinidad and Tobago's efforts toward market 
liberalization, economic diversification and strengthening the business environment.  
CANADA  
4.61.   Canada is pleased to participate in the four th Trade Policy Review (TPR) of Trinidad and 
Tobago. We thank the Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the Secretariat of the WTO for their 
reports.   
4.62.   Trinidad and Tobago has had to manage a difficult economic situation since its last TPR, due 
to decreasi ng oil prices and revenues. Despite these woes, it remains a partner of choice for trade 
and investment – including for Canada. We enjoy strong trade relations, with bilateral merchandise 
trade hovering around $600 million during this period.  
4.63.   I would like  to highlight five areas where Trinidad and Tobago is making progress in 
implementing policies that promote trade, growth and development. First, we applaud the ongoing 
efforts by the Trinbagonian Government to implement the National Development Strategy 
2016-2030 ("Vision 2030"), with the view to diversify the country's economy, increase its 
competitiveness, and attract foreign investment, while improving the conditions of its citizens in an 
inclusive and environmentally sound manner.  
4.64.   Second, we are encour aged by the steps taken by Trinidad and Tobago to improve its 
government procurement regime through its new Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Property 
Act (Act No. 1 of 2015). We believe that the country's business environment will benefit from fur ther 
progress in the areas of transparency, timely payment, non -discrimination, fairness and 
accountability for government procurements. We encourage the government of Trinidad and Tobago 
to continue these efforts.  
4.65.   Third, we note and welcome the additional  steps that the Trinbagonian Government has taken 
to improve the overall business climate. This includes new online systems to facilitate the process 
to start a business, as well as reforms to improve access to credit.  
4.66.   Fourth, Canada is pleased that Trinid ad and Tobago ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement 
and is implementing its commitments.  
4.67.   Fifth, we commend Trinidad and Tobago for its leadership in implementing and promoting the 
aid for trade agenda at home and across the region, including an ongoing  modernization of its own 
trade facilitation infrastructure. The introduction of a single electronic window in 2012 has already 
contributed significantly to trade and business facilitation, and we are pleased to note, in Trinidad 
and Tobago's statement, it s commitment to further improve this tool. The expected introduction this 
year of a new online payment system for import duties, other taxes and user fees, is also welcome.  
4.68.   These efforts on several fronts by the Trinbagonian government are bearing fruits. However, 
there remain a few areas that would deserve greater attention moving forward. A 2017 OECD report 
found that Trinidad and Tobago was the only jurisdiction that had not made sufficient progress in WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  implementing internationally agreed tax transparency  standards. It is key that Trinidad and Tobago 
continue to strive to meet these standards.  
4.69.   Trinidad and Tobago's notifications to the WTO are not up -to-date or outstanding in several 
areas, including domestic support and export subsidies in agriculture; qu antitative restrictions; 
customs valuation; and state trading enterprises. Its latest full subsidy notification was due in 2017. 
Transparency is essential to the functioning of the WTO, and we would encourage Trinidad and 
Tobago to bring itself into compli ance.  
4.70.   Canada also encourages Trinidad and Tobago to participate in Joint -Statement initiatives on 
electronic commerce, MSMEs, and investment facilitation, as well as support the Joint Declaration 
on Trade and Women's Economic Empowerment.  
4.71.   Before concluding , I would like to mention that Canada is pleased to contribute to the 
improvement and harmonization of legal and procedural frameworks on trade facilitation across the 
Caribbean, including through support to the Inter -American Development Bank's Multi -Donor 
Regional Integration Fund and the IMF's Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Centre. The 
strengthened capacity of Caribbean countries to develop a Single Window for Simplification of 
Customs Procedures is an example of concrete achievements as a resul t of this support.  
4.72.   Moreover, through our Commonwealth Caribbean tariff preference programme, known as 
CARIBCAN, Canada supports trade and economic development, the promotion of new investment 
and enhanced economic integration/cooperation in Trinidad and Tobago and the broader Caribbean. 
I would like to take this opportunity to thank WTO Members for granting a new extension of the 
WTO waiver for CARIBCAN until 2023.  
4.73.   Canada would like to reiterate our support for efforts being undertaken by Trinidad and 
Tobago toward the strengthening of its institutional and business environments, competitiveness, 
and economic diversification. We thank Trinidad and Tobago for its participation in the TPR and their 
responses to our advance questions and we look forward to a constructive exchange of views.  
REPÚBLICA  DOMINICANA  
4.74.   La República Dominicana comparte estrechos lazos de amistad con Trinidad y Tobago, como 
país ACP, como miembro del grupo de las economías pequeñas y vulnerables, como socio del 
Acuerdo de Asociación Econ ómica entre el CARIFORUM y la Unión Europea (EPA, por sus siglas en 
inglés), así como también País Parte del Acuerdo Bilateral entre la República Dominicana y la 
CARICOM.  
4.75.   La República Dominicana tiene un sustancial comercio con Trinidad y Tobago. Es menest er 
indicar que las exportaciones de República Dominicana hacia dicho país totalizaron en el año 2018, 
un monto total de 31 millones 318 mil 275 dólares, según datos de la Dirección General de Aduanas 
de nuestro país.  
4.76.   Entre los principales productos de exp ortación, podemos mencionar las preparaciones para 
salsas y salsas preparadas, los plátanos, vajillas, velas, cigarros, entre otros. Es preciso destacar 
que las exportaciones de productos plásticos representan un volumen significativo en el comercio 
con Tr inidad y Tobago, con un monto total para el año 2018 de 10 millones 954 mil dólares.  
4.77.   Por su parte, las importaciones de República Dominicana desde Trinidad y Tobago 
corresponden a petróleo y productos derivados, alcanzando en el año 2018 la cifra de 319 m illones 
981 mil dólares.  
4.78.   En vista de la importancia del comercio entre la República Dominicana y Trinidad y Tobago, 
deseamos aprovechar la oportunidad para abordar lo relativo a las medidas anunciadas por el 
Gobierno de Trinidad y Tobago con respecto a los  productos plásticos. Sobre este tema, reiteramos 
la preocupación que ya hemos expresado en el Comité sobre Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio en 
Marzo del presente año y en el Consejo de Mercancías en Abril del presente año por igual.  
4.79.   En este sentido, el Gob ierno de Trinidad y Tobago anunció el 27 de Julio del 2018 la prohibición 
para la importación y comercialización de plásticos de poliestireno, a través de su Ministra de WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  Planificación y Desarrollo. Dicha prohibición incluye vasos y contenedores de alimento s, así como 
platos, sorbetes y demás utensilios, la cual será implementada en el 2019.  
4.80.   La República Dominicana tiene serias preocupaciones con respecto al efecto restrictivo que 
esta medida tendría sobre las importaciones de productos de poliestireno. Asi mismo, entiende que 
de ser adoptada se trataría de una medida que alteraría las condiciones de competencia en 
detrimento de las importaciones, lo cual es incompatible con el artículo III:4 del GATT del 1994.  
4.81.   Consecuentemente, la República Dominicana consi dera que dicha medida constituye una 
restricción encubierta al comercio internacional, que no podría justificarse al amparo del artículo XX 
del GATT del 1994.  
4.82.   Asimismo, consideramos que la medida sería más restrictiva de lo necesario, en contravención 
con las disposiciones del Artículo 2.2 del Acuerdo sobre Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio (OTC). 
Igualmente, sería contraria al Artículo 2.1 de dicho Acuerdo, al tener un efecto perjudicial sobre las 
importaciones de productos de poliestireno.  
4.83.   En este orden de  ideas, es preciso indicar que la medida anunciada por Trinidad y Tobago no 
ha sido aún notificada al Comité sobre Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio (OTC), lo cual también 
contraviene las disposiciones sobre transparencia establecidas en el marco del Acuerdo  sobre 
Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio (OTC).  
4.84.   En este sentido, solicitamos que, en el marco de este examen, Trinidad y Tobago informe 
sobre el estado de preparación de esta legislación y tome en cuenta sus obligaciones en el marco de 
la OMC, antes de imple mentar su medida. Adicionalmente, solicitamos a Trinidad y Tobago que la 
medida sea notificada con suficiente anticipación al Comité sobre Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio 
(OTC), para recibir y tomar en cuenta los comentarios y preocupaciones de los Miembro s afectados 
por la misma.  
4.85.   Por otro lado, con respecto al estado de la economía de Trinidad y Tobago, vemos con 
preocupación que el informe de la Secretaría señala que, desde el anterior examen de sus políticas 
comerciales, realizado en 2012, la economía d e Trinidad y Tobago ha sufrido tres años de recesión, 
por causa principalmente, de los episodios de contracción de la actividad económica real en el sector 
de la energía (con inclusión del petróleo y el gas).  
4.86.   Durante el período examinado, el PIB real crec ió en promedio un -1% cada año. Los ingresos 
públicos, que dependen en gran medida del sector petrolífero, disminuyeron considerablemente, lo 
que se reflejó en el aumento del déficit fiscal y la deuda neta del sector público.  
4.87.   Por otra parte, evaluamos posi tivo que Trinidad y Tobago, ante esta situación, ha hecho 
esfuerzos para diversificar y mejorar la competitividad de su economía, a la vez que ha realizado 
varias reformas. Sobre el particular, se han hecho esfuerzos para desarrollar el sector de los 
servicios, el cual representó casi el 60% del PIB en el año 2017, lo que supone un importante 
aumento respecto del 46% que representaba en el año 2010.  
4.88.   Observamos con interés el plan de orientación del desarrollo social y económico de Trinidad 
y Tobago en su co njunto conocido como "Visión 2030: Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo de Trinidad 
y Tobago 2016 -2030". También apreciamos que se ha elaborado una Estrategia Nacional de Ayuda 
para el Comercio, así como políticas sectoriales específicas encaminadas a desarro llar el comercio 
electrónico, crear un régimen moderno de zonas económicas especiales, alentar el desarrollo de las 
TIC, revitalizar la industria de la navegación de recreo, y crear un sólido sistema nacional de la 
calidad. En este tenor, les alentamos a q ue continúen por esta vía.  
4.89.   En el área de Facilitación del Comercio, notamos que Trinidad y Tobago aceptó el Protocolo 
del 2014 relativo al Acuerdo sobre Facilitación del Comercio, y en el marco de las reformas 
introducidas en los procedimientos aduaneros podemos mencionar, el envío por anticipado de 
información sobre los pasajeros y la carga, siendo obligatorio presentar electrónicamente las 
declaraciones de aduana. Además, en el 2012 el Gobierno puso en marcha el Sistema de Ventanilla 
Única Electrónica, que se prevé implantar en su totalidad para el 2021. Valoramos como esos 
servicios han contribuido a reducir significativamente los plazos de entrega.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  4.90.   Finalmente, hemos presentado algunas preguntas a Trinidad y Tobago, lo cual agradecemos 
las respuestas, y a la vez reconocemos los es fuerzos de las autoridades de este país, por lo que le 
deseamos que continúen por la senda del desarrollo.  
ICELAND  
4.91.   Trinidad and Tobago are among the countries that support the joint declaration on trade and 
women's economic empowerment that was launched in  Buenos Aires on the occasion of the 11th 
Ministerial conference. H.E. Ambassador Makeda Antoine -Cambridge and her team continue to 
provide a valuable contribution to our work here in Geneva.  
4.92.   The declaration aims, inter alia . at sharing best practices and  working together at the WTO to 
remove barriers for women's economic empowerment and increase their participation in trade.  
4.93.   Iceland submitted advance written questions on the participation of women in the economy 
of Trinidad and Tobago and on initiatives that are being undertaken to make economic growth more 
inclusive. We wish to thank Trinidad and Tobago for the responses to our written questions. We will 
review the answers thoroughly and request clarifications as necessary during the course of this TPR. 
The answers are very useful as we implement the joint declaration and gather best practices which 
we will present at MC12.  
4.94.   Iceland appreciates Trinidad and Tobago's active engagement in the WTO and their continued 
support for the multilateral trading syste m. We wish the delegation of Trinidad and Tobago every 
success for their fourth Trade Policy Review.  
SINGAPORE  
4.95.   Bilateral trade between Singapore and Trinidad and Tobago is on the rise, and there is scope 
for deeper economic relations between our two countries. Trinidad and Tobago is Singapore's 17th 
largest trading partner in Latin America and the Caribbean. Between 2016 to 2018, bilateral trade 
in goods between our two countries more t han doubled2, increasing from USD 21.8 to 
USD 57.4 million. The Singapore Cooperation Enterprise has also worked with the Government of 
Trinidad and Tobago to plan, design and execute e -Government programmes in Trinidad and Tobago. 
We look forward to great er cooperation and more of such joint projects in the coming years.  
4.96.   It is heartening to note that amidst a challenging economic backdrop, Trinidad and Tobago 
has embarked on renewed efforts to diversify and enhance the competitiveness of its economy, and 
that its economic growth is expected to be positive over the next five years. We further note that 
Trinidad and Tobago released an Aid for Trade Strategy, as well as sector -specific policies to develop 
e-commerce and encourage information and communications  technology (ICT) development, and 
has been undertaking fiscal consolidation efforts, including through the reform of tax structures and 
enhancing revenue collection. We encourage Trinidad and Tobago to continue its efforts in 
undertaking such reforms, and  hope these measures put Trinidad and Tobago on the continued path 
of positive growth in the coming years.  
4.97.   Trinidad and Tobago's commitment to the WTO is commendable. Despite the small size of its 
team in Geneva, ably led by Ambassador Makeda Antoine, Trin idad and Tobago participates actively 
in WTO discussions, especially in advancing the interests of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). 
My Ambassador Tan Hung Seng was also invited by Ambassador Antoine to speak at the CARICOM 
panel discussion, which too k place during the UNCTAD Ecommerce week last month. This not only 
reflects our common interests as fellow SIDS, Trinidad and Tobago's involvement in organising the 
e-commerce panel demonstrates its interest in discussing issues of importance to the WTO. 
Additionally, we welcome Trinidad and Tobago's acceptance of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and 
the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement.  
4.98.   The WTO's monitoring function is a crucial aspect of the organisation, and Members' timely 
and complete notification s contribute to the predictability and transparency of the international 
trading system. In this regard, we note from the Secretariat's report that aspects of Trinidad and 
Tobago's WTO notifications are either not up -to-date or are outstanding in several a reas. We 
                                                
2 163.3%.  
WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  encourage Trinidad and Tobago to take steps to address this, including seeking further technical 
assistance from the Secretariat and partners, where needed. The Secretariat's report also noted that 
Trinidad and Tobago's applied MFN rate exceeded t he bound rate in 59 lines, and we urge Trinidad 
and Tobago to bring its applied tariffs into conformity. We further note that Trinidad and Tobago's 
public procurement regime is undergoing significant changes, and encourage Trinidad and Tobago 
to consider t aking part as an observer to the Agreement on Government Procurement as a first step.  
4.99.   Singapore looks forward to continuing our warm and constructive cooperation with Trinidad 
and Tobago, and we wish Trinidad and Tobago every success for this TPR.  
COLOMB IA 
4.100.   Tal como está plasmado en los documentos presentados para este Examen, resaltamos el 
compromiso de Trinidad y Tobago con el sistema multilateral de comercio, así como sus constantes 
esfuerzos por mejorar sus políticas en medio de un entorno macroeconómi co complejo.  
4.101.   Los indicadores macroeconómicos evidencian la importancia que tiene para Trinidad y 
Tobago los sectores de minas y petróleo, tanto en su producto interno bruto, como en los ingresos 
públicos y en las exportaciones. Esta situación explicó que la economía se viera altamente afectada 
por el contexto global de caída de los precios de materias primas, derivando en un periodo de 
recesión en algunos de los años objeto de examen en esta oportunidad.  
4.102.   A pesar de las dificultades que planteó este contex to, destacamos el apropiado manejo 
macroeconómico que redujo el gasto, mantuvo bajo control la inflación y desempleo, y fortaleció la 
política fiscal. Como resultado, ahora se registran proyecciones positivas para la economía, como el 
crecimiento promedio de 1,5% anual que el Fondo Monetario Internacional ha previsto para los 
próximos 5 años.  
4.103.   Sobre la política arancelaria, reconocemos que el país tiene aranceles aplicados en promedio 
de 9% y una estructura arancelaria sencilla y sin crestas significativas, lo que evidencia su apertura 
al comercio internacional. No obstante, como lo anota el informe de la Secretaría, es motivo de 
inquietud que algunas líneas arancelarias tienen aranceles NMF aplicados que superan las tarifas 
consolidadas.  
4.104.   En el área de proced imientos aduaneros y de comercio exterior, felicitamos los avances en 
la creación y desarrollo de la Ventana Única Electrónica bajo la que se integran trámites asociados 
a permisos y licencias de exportación e importación, certificados de origen, entre otr os. Animamos 
a las autoridades a completar su implementación prevista para 2021 y avanzar con las medidas para 
reducir las inspecciones físicas y facilitar los procedimientos portuarios. Igualmente felicitamos la 
ratificación del Acuerdo de Facilitación de  comercio y el trabajo dedicado a la notificación e 
implementación de sus compromisos bajo este Acuerdo.  
4.105.   Entre las iniciativas de diversificación de la economía y mejora de la competitividad, 
resaltamos la creación de la Política Nacional de Calidad y los  avances registrados en el sistema e 
infraestructura nacional de calidad y evaluación de la conformidad. En esta área será muy 
interesante conocer los avances y resultados del Comité nacional de obstáculos no arancelarios, en 
proceso de creación.  
4.106.   En la es tructura y desempeño de la economía, el mercado laboral y de las exportaciones, 
destaca la creciente participación del sector de servicios en el periodo examinado. Esto se ha 
apoyado en iniciativas para promover este sector, como un mayor acceso a servicio s de internet, el 
plan sobre Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, y reformas en el sector se servicios 
marítimos.  
4.107.   De manera particular reconocemos la Estrategia Nacional de Comercio Electrónico, con la 
cual se da un impulso al comercio loca l, favorece la participación de las pequeñas y medianas 
empresas e impulsa las exportaciones no energéticas.  
4.108.   La inversión extranjera se ha concentrado en el sector de minas y petróleo y se registra una 
progresiva diversificación. Encontramos que las mejor as introducidas en el marco de inversión 
extranjera son positivas para facilitar la llegada de inversionistas en los sectores no asociados a la 
WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  minería, y felicitamos los avances en la reducción de tiempos y trámites para el establecimiento de 
inversionist as.    
4.109.   El comercio entre Colombia y Trinidad y Tobago ha tenido un desempeño positivo, con 
exportaciones de US$308 millones en 2018, un incremento de 20% respecto al año anterior. 
Igualmente, las compras colombianas desde Trinidad y Tobago han crecido sign ificativamente 
llegando a US$108 millones al cierre de 2018. El Acuerdo de Alcance Parcial que beneficia el comercio 
de una gran variedad de productos ha sido una herramienta de especial importancia y consideramos 
que la incorporación definitiva de las obl igaciones de este acuerdo en la legislación de Trinidad y 
Tobago aportará a continuar mejorando las relaciones comerciales bilaterales, así como una 
profundización de este acuerdo.  
4.110.   A partir de los informes circulados, Colombia presentó preguntas sobre alg unos aspectos 
que consideramos de interés, como las políticas de inspección física de mercancías, la política de 
reglamentación técnica y de calidad, y los procedimientos para la negociación e implementación de 
acuerdos regionales y bilaterales. Agradecemo s las respuestas recibidas, las cuales revisaremos en 
detalle.  
4.111.   Alentamos a Trinidad y Tobago a continuar por el camino de la recuperación de su economía 
y a mantener la implementación de las reformas dentro del plan "Visión 2030" y el "marco de política 
y estrategia comercial 2019 -2023", lo que confiamos permitirá for talecer las tasas de crecimiento, 
productividad, innovación y exportaciones del país.  
4.112.   Finalizo deseándole a Trinidad y Tobago y su delegación un exitoso Examen de sus políticas 
comerciales y extendemos un cordial reconocimiento al equipo en Ginebra, encab ezado por la 
Embajadora Makeda Antoine -Cambridge, por el excelente trabajo y la relación de cooperación entre 
nuestras dos Misiones.  
THAILAND  
4.113.   Thailand values the growing bilateral trading relations with Trinidad and Tobago. We are 
pleased to highlight that  Trinidad and Tobago is number one trading partner of Thailand in Caribbean 
Community while Thailand is the third largest supplying market of Trinidad and Tobago in East Asia, 
after China and Japan. Total trade between our two countries nearly doubled sinc e the last review, 
expanding from USD 161 million in 2012 to USD 313 million in 2018. Thailand hopes that our bilateral 
trade will continue to grow to further strengthen economic relations.  
4.114.   The Secretariat report highlights Trinidad and Tobago's efforts to  diversify and enhance the 
competitiveness of its economy as well as to take other necessary reforms through the National 
Development Strategy. Additionally, Thailand congratulates Trinidad and Tobago on launching Aid 
for Trade Strategy, as well as sector -specific policies to develop e -commerce; create a modern 
special economic zones regime; encourage ICT development; reinvigorate the yachting industry; 
and build a more robust national quality system. We are convinced that the implementation of such 
policie s will enhance the business environment and contribute to sustainable economic growth in the 
country.  
4.115.   Thailand commends Trinidad and Tobago for its consistent efforts to modernize customs 
procedures. The Single Electronic Window System launched in 2012 sho uld contribute significantly 
to trade and business facilitation. In addition, the import - and export -related e -services should 
contribute to streamlining customs procedures by improving delivery time.  
4.116.   We are pleased that Trinidad and Tobago remains firmly committed to a fair and equitable 
rules-based multilateral trading system. We, therefore, welcome many positive developments during 
the review period, including its acceptance of the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement and the 
Protocol concerning the Tra de Facilitation Agreement.  
4.117.   We appreciate that Trinidad and Tobago continues to fulfil its notification obligations under 
the various WTO Agreements, in particular TBT notifications. However, some notifications are still 
outstanding. In this regard, we enc ourage Trinidad and Tobago to submit notifications in a timely 
manner to ensure transparency and predictability. Moreover, we note that the number of tariff lines WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  which exceed bound rates has increased. As such we would urge Trinidad and Tobago to consider  
measures to address this matter.  
4.118.   Mr. Chair, in this review, Thailand submitted a set of questions covering the policies and 
measures of our interests such as e -commerce, customs procedures, tobacco tax, and Cloud Policy. 
We would like to thank Trinidad an d Tobago for its timely responses to our questions, and we will 
study them in detail with great interest.  
4.119.   In conclusion, we wish Trinidad and Tobago every success in this Trade Policy Review.  
INDIA  
4.120.   During the period under review, GDP of Trinidad and Tobago has grown at an average rate 
of around 1% annually, however, the economy also witnessed a recession for around 3 years mainly 
due to contraction in the energy sector. The GRE per capita also regist ered a decline to around 
USD 16,000 in 2017 from USD 19,000 in 2012 and fiscal deficit and public debt increased mainly 
due to reliance on oil and gas secto. We commend the Government of Trinidad and Tobago for the 
measures it has adopted to address these challenges which include efforts to diversify economy, 
enhance competitiveness and make efforts for social and economic development based on the 
national development strategy of Trinidad and Tobago 2016 -2030. The economy of Trinidad and 
Tobago remains reli ant on merchandise trade which amounts for around 72% of the GDP and the 
Government is making efforts to develop other sectors of the economy including e -commerce, ICT 
development and creating special economic zones.  
4.121.   India and Trinidad and Tobago share clo se, warm and historic ties of friendship. People of 
Indian origin constitute over 40% of the population of Trinidad and Tobago and form an integral part 
of the economic, political and social fabric of the country. This represents an important facet of our 
bilateral relations with Trinidad and Tobago. There are regular political and business exchanges 
between both countries. Both countries also have a broad -based institutional framework for 
cooperation including in the area of economic and trade ties with a joint commission mechanism to 
review the entire gamut of our relations. Trade between both countries registered a growth and 
stood at USD 269.87 million in 2018 -19. There is considerable potential for growth of trade in the 
areas of textiles, pharmaceutica ls, energy, machinery, petrochemicals, agriculture and information 
technology. A number of Indian companies are also present in Trinidad and Tobago in areas like 
banking, insurance, trade, hospitality industry and information -communication technology.  
4.122.   For capacity building and human resources development, India is regularly offering slots to 
professionals of Trinidad and Tobago in various institutions in India under Indian Technical and 
Economic Cooperation programme.  
4.123.   To conclude, we look forward to workin g closely with the authorities of Trinidad and Tobago 
for further expanding and harnessing the potential of our trade and investment ties for mutual 
benefit. We wish the delegation of Trinidad and Tobago a productive and successful TPR.  
JAPAN  
4.124.   Trinidad and Tobago has experienced consecutive economic recessions during this review 
period, due mainly to the contractions in the energy sector, which is the country's main pillar 
industry. To its credit, Trinidad and Tobago achieved a current account surplus in 201 7, which 
accounted for 7.4% of its GDP. The figure is, however, lower than that of 2012 (i.e. 12.9% of GDP). 
Therefore, we expect Trinidad and Tobago to make further efforts to strengthen its export sector 
through enhancement of its competitiveness and div ersification of its industry. In this regard, we 
highly appreciate that Trinidad and Tobago developed Vison 2030: the National Development 
Strategy of Trinidad and Tobago 2016 -2030.  
4.125.   Japan encourages Trinidad and Tobago to facilitate digitalization and ele ctronic commerce 
to facilitate innovation as well as to improve the productivity of its industries. To this effect, we 
encourage Trinidad and Tobago to consider joining the ITA, as it will definitely contribute to the 
development of ICT infrastructure whic h constitutes an essential foundation for electronic commerce. 
We also hope that Trinidad and Tobago will participate in the Joint Statement Initiative on Electronic WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  Commerce in the WTO, in order to unleash the full potential of global electronic commerce including 
in developing countries.  
4.126.   Additionally, we encourage Trinidad and Tobago to actively participate in the other Joint 
Statement Initiatives, as well as the negotiations on fisheries subsidies, in order to maintain and 
strengthen the negation functi on of the WTO.  
4.127.   We appreciate Trinidad and Tobago's commitment to the multilateral trading system. 
Specifically, we appreciate that Trinidad and Tobago ratified the TFA in July 2015, and conducted 
notification of its Category A commitments followed by its Category B and C commitments. In parallel 
with this effort, we appreciate that Trinidad and Tobago launched its Single Electronic Window 
System which will be fully implemented by 2021. We further appreciate that Trinidad and Tobago 
ratified the 2005 Protoc ol Amending the TRIPS Agreement in September 2013. We encourage 
Trinidad and Tobago to further engage in improving its IPR protection regime.  
4.128.   There are, however, areas that can be improved on. Trinidad and Tobago have submitted 
notifications to the WTO in various areas, including TBT notifications. At the same time, there are 
some areas where notifications are not up -to-date or outstanding. We, therefore, encourage Trinidad 
and Tobago to make further efforts in the area of notifications, as this will defini tely contribute to 
fostering a predictable and transparent business environment. Through such efforts, Trinidad and 
Tobago will be able to attract investment inflows, which might compensate for a decrease in its 
current account surplus. Additionally, SOEs,  which receive significant subsidies from the 
government, still maintain a significant economic presence in many industry sectors in Trinidad and 
Tobago. We expect that Trinidad and Tobago will improve its industry policy in order to achieve a 
level playin g field. Furthermore, Trinidad and Tobago is not a member of the GPA. We encourage 
Trinidad and Tobago to consider joining the GPA, as this would contribute to further decreasing its 
fiscal deficits through fostering an open and transparent government proc urement environment. 
Finally, we are concerned that the applied MFN tariff rate exceeds the corresponding bound tariff 
rate on a certain number of tariff lines.  
4.129.   In conclusion, we are sure that Trinidad and Tobago will be well placed to continue pursuing 
open, transparent and non -discriminatory markets by observing its commitments to the WTO. We 
wish Trinidad and Tobago a successful and productive TPR, and look forward to hearing of further 
progress regarding its trade and investment policies at its next TPR . 
TAJIKISTAN  
4.130.   We appreciate the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the 
Secretariat in producing the reports circulated well ahead of the meeting. The reports of the Republic 
of Trinidad and Tobago and the Secretariat provid e comprehensive details on the developments in 
Trinidad and Tobago's economic and trade policy since its previous review.  
4.131.   Since last TPR of Trinidad and Tobago in March 2012, so much had been changed, and the 
Republic of Tajikistan commends Trinidad and To bago for all that it has since achieved. Important 
steps have been taken by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago to integrate its economy into the 
global trading system.  
4.132.   We welcome the efforts of Trinidad and Tobago, particularly the development of the ma in 
plan guiding Trinidad and Tobago's overall social and economic development - Vision 2030 - the 
National Development Strategy of Trinidad and Tobago for 2016 -2030, Aid for Trade Strategy, new 
Trade Policy and Strategy for the period 2019 -2023, National e -Commerce Strategy and National 
Quality Policy for the period 2018 -2030.  
4.133.   My delegation acknowledges the measures taken for business reforms, especially improving 
the domestic business and enhancing investment climate which are the key objectives of the 
Government, as well as the diversification of the Agriculture sector that remains a high priority for 
the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.  
4.134.   As it's noted in the reports, increase in economic growth for 2018 (estimated at 1.9%) shows 
that the  economic outlook for Trinidad and Tobago remains positive, despite the influence of external 
factors on its economy.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  4.135.   The Republic of Tajikistan highly appreciates the hard work and strong commitment of the 
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and wishes the Tr inidad and Tobago a very successful and 
productive Trade Policy Review.  
PANAMÁ  
4.136.   Resaltamos los pasos que ha tomado Trinidad y Tobago con relación a intensificar y mejorar 
la competitividad de su economía que, a pesar de la contracción económica que atravies a, realiza 
esfuerzos a través de sus principales estrategias de gobierno como la Estrategia Nacional de Ayuda 
para el Comercio de Trinidad y Tobago que abarca el período 2016 -2019, que se centra en superar 
los obstáculos que afronta el país para aprovechar  las oportunidades comerciales a escala mundial.  
4.137.   No obstante, hay algunas áreas en el periodo objeto de examen en las que no se han 
producido cambios como por ejemplo la principal ley que rige las inversiones extranjeras, los 
procedimientos de valoración en aduana, ni en la legislación relativa a los derechos antidumping y 
compensatorios.  
4.138.   Queremos señalar que durante el período objeto de examen también entro en vigencia el 
Acuerdo Comercial de Alcance Parcial entre la República de Panamá y la República de Trinidad y 
Tobago, el 4 de julio de 2016, el cual ha permitido el fortalecimiento de la relación económica 
bilateral, convirtiendo a Trinidad y Tobago en un socio comercial significativo y estratégico en el 
Caribe, el cual representa por destino y origen, más de la mitad de las exportaciones y un cuarto de 
las importaciones de la región respectivamente.  
4.139.   Entre las oportunidades que se han identificado en este Acuerdo para el sector productivo 
se destacan, las hortalizas, algunos productos lácteos, como los quesos; el pescado fresco y 
congelado; jugos de frutas tropicales; refrigeradores y congeladores para uso industrial y comercial.  
4.140.   Es importante destacar que, en el sector de prestación de servicios de transporte aéreo, 
hubo cambios importantes durante el periodo objeto de examen como la adopción, en 2018, de una 
política de liberalización del tráfico aéreo. Como resultado Panamá fortaleció el comercio con Trinidad 
y Tobago y el Caribe gracias al papel de COPA Airlines, la principal aerolínea panameña que o pera 
vuelos directos a Puerto España.  
4.141.   La mayor parte las líneas arancelarias quedaron libres en el momento de la entrada en vigor 
del Acuerdo o pasarán a estarlo después de un período de transición de 10 años. Las líneas restantes 
fueron objeto de reducciones arancelarias del 50% en el momento  de la entrada en vigor del Acuerdo 
o pasarán a quedar exentas de derechos después de un período de transición de 5 años.  
4.142.   En cuanto, a la relación comercial entre Panamá y Trinidad y Tobago podemos destacar que 
a través de la Zona Libre de Colón, Panamá e n el último quinquenio reexportó anualmente entre 
190 y 196 millones de dólares aproximante e importó desde ese país alrededor de un millón de 
dólares.  
4.143.   Igualmente, queremos reiterar la especial importancia que Panamá imprime a su relación 
comercial con CAR ICOM, comunidad con la que Panamá recientemente formalizo sus lazos 
diplomáticos, y donde permanentemente está en busca de reforzar la relación económica y política.   
4.144.   Igualmente, en el marco de la VIII Cumbre de la AEC, Panamá fue elegida como 
Vicepreside nte del Consejo de Ministros de Relaciones Exteriores y además la elección de un 
panameño como Director de Comercio y Desarrollo de la Secretaría General de este organismo 
regional. Con estas designaciones continuamos sellando el compromiso de Panamá de se guir 
contribuyendo en la implementación de políticas que permitan vigorizar la relación con los países del 
Caribe.  
4.145.   Resalto la disposición de Panamá en reforzar los lazos de cooperación con Trinidad y Tobago, 
con miras a promover el comercio y las inversio nes entre ambos países. Y les deseamos éxito a 
Trinidad y Tobago en este examen.  
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  HAÏTI  
4.146.   La délégation d'Haïti salue le dynamisme des autorités de Trinité et Tobago dans le secteur 
des services, en particulier le tourisme qui constitue un élément clé dans l'économie de la région, 
malgré les défis auxquels le pays doit faire face par les temps des catastrophes naturelles.  
4.147.   La délégation d'Haïti salue également le programme visant à exploiter les zones franches en 
vue de créer des emplois, attirer les investis sements et accéder aux nouveaux marchés étrangers 
pour stabiliser l'économie du pays.  
4.148.   La délégation d'Haïti encourage l'effort consenti par le Gouvernement de Trinité et Tobago 
dans la lutte contre la corruption qui est un sérieux obstacle au progrès écono mique et à 
l'avancement du pays.  
4.149.   Par ailleurs, elle applaudit les efforts d'harmonisation du cadre légal, englobant notamment 
le strict respect des normes qui gouvernent le commerce international en vue de porter le pays à un 
niveau de développement socioéconomique remarquable.  
4.150.   La délégation d'Haïti a noté que les exportations de Trinité et Tobago sont concentrées sur 
très peu de produits empêchant ainsi la diversification. En conséquence, elle encourage toute mesure 
de la part des autorités de Trinit é et Tobago visant à diversifier leurs productions.  
4.151.   En ce qui a trait au Tarif Extérieur Commun (TEC), la moyenne des taux de droits appliqués 
est restée longtemps supérieure aux taux consolidés. La délégation d'Haïti salue l'engagement des 
autorités en vu e de remédier à cette situation.  
4.152.   La délégation d'Haïti appuie les déclarations faites par le Groupe des États d'Afrique, des 
Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP) et le Groupe des États de la Communauté des Caraïbes (CARICOM) 
dans le cadre de cet Examen de politi que commerciale.  
4.153.   Enfin, la délégation d'Haïti saisit l'occasion pour souhaiter à la délégation de Trinité et Tobago 
plein succès dans cet Exercice.  
JAMAICA  ON BEHALF  OF THE ACP GROUP  
4.154.   We are delighted to take the floor on behalf of the ACP Group to congratu late Trinidad and 
Tobago on its fourth Trade Policy Review. We also wish to thank His Excellency Ambassador Michael 
Gaffey of Ireland, for his introductory remarks and assessment as a discussant, as well as the WTO 
Secretariat for its report.  
4.155.   At the outset , we would like to highlight that we applaud a number of elements undertaken 
by Trinidad and Tobago during review period. The ACP Group is encouraged by Trinidad and Tobago's 
continuous endeavours to remain open to international trade and its firm commitme nt to the 
rules-based multilateral trading system.  
4.156.   Trinidad and Tobago clearly sees trade as an engine for growth and prosperity, while seizing 
every opportunity at home, in the Caribbean region and globally, for progress.  
4.157.   Trinidad and Tobago is indeed a n important trading partner in the WTO and a key enabler 
for regional and multilateral cooperation. In this regard, the ACP Group welcomes Trinidad and 
Tobago's leading work towards the Caribbean regional integration process as exemplified by its 
participa tion within the CARICOM Single Market and Economy.  
4.158.   Like many countries within the ACP Group, Trinidad and Tobago has undergone significant 
challenges over the review period 2012 -2018. However, we note that the Government has swiftly 
adopted measures to ov ercome a three -year recession period, marked by slow economic activities 
in key sectors such as energy, manufacturing and services. Fuelled by a renewed objective to 
strengthen its economy through industry reorientation and diversification, Trinidad and To bago has 
made strides in its efforts to mitigate external shocks, promote economic growth, and successfully 
reduce unemployment and inflation rates during the review period.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  4.159.   Indeed, government initiatives and reforms are continuously reshaping Trinidad an d 
Tobago's trade policy objectives to achieve "Prosperity for All" in keeping with the country's 
Medium -term Policy Framework 2011 -2014 (MTPF), the Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development 
and the National Development Strategy 2016 -2030 (NDS).  
4.160.   The ACP Group  notes that among the other important initiatives and reforms being pursued 
by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago include, inter alia, the New Investment Framework for 
the Approval and Facilitation of Investments in the Non -Energy Sector, the 2017 Natio nal 
e-Commerce Strategy that aims to boost exports by increasing the use of e -Commerce by 
businesses, and the ambitious 2011 Single Electronic Window (TTBizLink) initiative to facilitate 
individual and businesses online operations by 2021.  
4.161.   Trinidad and Tob ago's resilience is paving the way forward for the government's initiatives, 
and has contributed to the positive economic outlook as indicated by the IMF, which foresees a 
positive growth rate of 1.6% from 2019 to 2023.  
4.162.   Notwithstanding these milestones, w e take this opportunity to draw Members' attention to 
the unique supply -side capacity constraints that Trinidad and Tobago faces as a small and vulnerable 
economy and urge Members to support work within the WTO that promotes the further inclusion of 
small vulnerable developing countries.  
4.163.   The ACP Group reiterates its long -term support to our Member States and we wish Trinidad 
and Tobago a successful trade policy review.  
4.164.   Just a few words from a national perspective.  
4.165.   Jamaica joins in congratulating Trinidad and Tobago for its very positive report, as well as 
on the considerable progress made since its last review in 2012. This is even more so, as Jamaica 
and Trinidad and Tobago have historically shared strong fraternal  bonds of friendship and 
cooperation, including at the bilateral and regional levels, especially in the context of our regional 
integration movement - CARICOM and the CSME.  
4.166.   In the area of trade, Trinidad and Tobago continues to be an important bilateral p artner for 
Jamaica with a range of initiatives being pursued to further strengthen commercial and other ties in 
the coming years. In 2018 alone, Jamaica's total imports from that country rose to just over 
USD 351 million, with the main products being miner al fuels, food, beverages and tobacco. The 
balance of trade has for some time been in favour of Trinidad and Tobago.  
4.167.   In addition, there are substantial trade in services and investment flows between Jamaica 
and Trinidad and Tobago. As an outgrowth of the business and investment relationship between 
Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, a number of Jamaican firms have established operations in 
Trinidad and Tobago. Similarly, Jamaica has received investments from private sector entities from 
that country in a ran ge of sectors including manufacturing and distribution, and in services.  
4.168.   We further commend the ongoing measures which are being undertaken by the Government 
of Trinidad and Tobago in keeping with its strategic roadmap, Vision 2030, to implement fiscal 
consolidation measures, stimulate economic growth, encourage foreign direct investment and 
promote increased trade diversification in its energy and non -energy sectors. We are confident that 
these will augur well for Trinidad and Tobago's participation and co mpetitiveness within the global 
trading system.  
4.169.   We wish to once more congratulate the delegation of Trinidad and Tobago and extend best 
wishes for a successful Review.  
BARBADOS  ON BEHALF  OF THE CARICOM  GROUP  
4.170.   The CARICOM Group believes that this is indeed a  momentous occasion, not only because 
of our primary focus of examining the trade policies of Trinidad and Tobago, but also because the 
context under which this Review is being undertaken is one which continues to suggest that the 
multilateral trading syst em and multilateralism itself, are under severe threat. Unfortunately, the 
continued relevance of the WTO has not been spared from this rhetoric. The rise in protectionism, WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  the WTO's inability to appoint members to the Appellate Body and its inability to r each the requisite 
consensus which would allow us to move the trade agenda forward, threatens to paralyse the critical 
negotiating function of, and our ability to sustain a rules -based multilateral trading system. We 
therefore believe that if this context is prolonged, there is a distinct possibility that this Organization 
could become synonymous with paralysis.  
4.171.   The CARICOM Group is pleased to see that despite this context, Trinidad and Tobago has 
maintained its commitment to a fair and equitable rules -based multilateral trading system and that 
in keeping with its WTO commitments and principles, has advanced its trade and economic 
development agenda since its last Trade Policy Review.  
4.172.   During the review period, Trinidad and Tobago has undergone 3 years of rec ession and 
experienced fluctuations in its economic growth. These were largely due to contractions in prices 
and output in the energy sector and by extension to a reduction in the Government's export and tax 
revenues. The CARICOM Group is pleased to see th at despite the sharp, drop in the price of crude 
oil in February 2019, the implementation of energy and non -energy capital -projects is set to propel 
Trinidad and Tobago's economy onto a positive growth path of 1.6% over the period 2019 -2023.  
4.173.   As CARICOM exa mines Trinidad and Tobago's growth and development ambitions we take 
note that the small, vulnerable economy places great store on economic diversification in terms of 
production, volume of exports and number of export markets as well as enhancing the 
comp etitiveness of its businesses and overall economy. Its small size and high vulnerability, narrow 
production base and high geographical concentration of its export market, necessitates Trinidad and 
Tobago and countries like it, to plan for such uncertaintie s. In this regard, we commend the 
Government of Trinidad and Tobago on the development and implementation of their 
inter-dependent system of strategies aimed at achieving developed country status by 2030. We are 
particularly pleased to hear that since its last review, the country has strengthened its strategic 
orientation through the development and implementation of Vision 2030: the National Development 
Strategy of Trinidad and Tobago 2016 -30 and its Trade Policy and Strategy 2012 -18. We wish them 
well in the full implementation of Vision 2030 and in the development and roll out of their new Trade 
Policy and Strategy. We look forward to hearing about the positive impact that these will have at 
the country's next Trade Policy Review.  
4.174.   As CARICOM, we aim to ac hieve a high level of economic and political integration, 
harmonisation and interdependence through the CARICOM Single Market and Economy. We are 
therefore heartened by Trinidad and Tobago's commitment to regional integration. This is evidenced 
not only th rough the country's active participation in the region and in our work in Geneva but even 
more so through the prominence of its strategic trade policy objective aimed at deepening regional 
and hemispheric integration. As we seek to fulfil our shared object ives we look forward our continued 
work with Trinidad and Tobago in CARICOM.  
4.175.   In closing this CARICOM statement, Barbados wishes Trinidad and Tobago a successful 
conclusion to its fourth Trade Policy Review.  
GUYANA   
4.176.   Trinidad and Tobago is the home of the Tr eaty of Chaguaramas. It is an important and 
strategic member of the Caribbean Community, and a valued economic partner in the Caribbean 
Single Market and Economy.  
4.177.   We applaud Trinidad and Tobago which, like the rest of CARICOM, is a solid advocate for the 
multilateral trading system and the WTO. As we are all aware, this support for an inclusive fair 
rules-based multilateral trading system is very crucial at this time.  
4.178.   Guyana notes the period of recession which Trinidad and Tobago experienced shortly after 
its Review in 2012, and we commend the sister CARICOM member State and small vulnerable 
economy for responding with some bold initiatives to diversify and enhance the competitiveness of 
its economy.  
4.179.   These initiatives are articulated in various strategy doc uments, such as the country's Vision 
2030 National Development Strategy, the National e -Commerce Strategy developed in 2017, the WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  creation of a modern Special Economic Zone's regime, and the development of a National Quality 
Policy for Trinidad and Tobago, among several other strategies.  
4.180.   Most importantly is the fact that these reform initiatives have yielded valuable results in 
terms of low inflation and unemployment.  
4.181.   Noteworthy also is the fact that Trinidad and Tobago, in the face of serious economic 
challenges, has remained open to international trade and has not resorted to protectionist measures, 
quite the opposite. It has actively increased its promotion of trade, linked to investment through 
organizations such as the National Export Facilitation Organi zation of Trinidad and Tobago and the 
National Investment Promotion Agency.  
4.182.   As small CARICOM States, we have our vulnerabilities. Prominent among these are the 
impacts of climate change, which threaten our production systems, our trading capacity and the 
health of our most important asset: our people. Trade and environment policies and trade policy 
space that provides flexibilities to countries like Trinidad and Tobago are essential in promoting 
increased resilience and stability in our economies.  
4.183.   As is th e case with other CARICOM countries, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago share close 
bilateral and cultural relations, and our economic futures are deeply and closely integrated and 
intertwined.  
4.184.   Guyana looks forward to continuing our collaboration with Trinidad  and Tobago, here in 
Geneva and in the Caribbean, to work together for a stronger and fairer multilateral trading system 
that contributes to the development of our countries and our region.  
4.185.   Guyana wishes Trinidad and Tobago a successful fourth Trade Policy  Review.  
URUGUAY  
4.186.   Uruguay desea brindar la más cordial bienvenida a la delegación de Trinidad y Tobago en 
oportunidad de su cuarto examen de sus políticas comerciales.  
4.187.   Notamos que Trinidad y Tobago ha experimentado tres años de contracción económica en 
el sector de la energía desde su último examen de sus políticas comerciales. En efecto, su PIB per 
cápita disminuyó a alrededor de USD 16.000 en 2017, frente a unos USD 19.000 en 2012. Sin 
embargo, el desempleo se mantuvo estático y la inflación disminuyó.  
4.188.   Destacamos los esfuerzos realizados para diversificar y mejorar la competitividad de su 
economía, así como la elaboración de la Estrategia Nacional de Ayuda para el Comercio, así como 
políticas sectoriales específicas encaminadas a desarrollar el comercio el ectrónico, crear un régimen 
moderno de zonas económicas especiales, alentar el desarrollo de las TIC y crear un sólido sistema 
nacional de calidad. Asimismo, notamos que en 2018 se publicó la Política Nacional de Calidad y su 
plan de aplicación, con el fin  de ayudar a las empresas a aprovechar mejor las oportunidades 
comerciales.  
4.189.   A nivel multilateral, notamos que Trinidad y Tobago otorga como mínimo trato NMF a todos 
sus interlocutores comerciales. Durante el período examinado, aceptó el Protocolo de 2005 p or el 
que se enmienda el Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC y el Protocolo de 2014 relativo al Acuerdo sobre 
Facilitación del Comercio. Trinidad y Tobago no ha intervenido en ninguna diferencia como 
reclamante ni como demandado, pero sí ha participado como tercero. S i bien se destaca que se han 
presentado varias notificaciones a la OMC en diversas esferas, de acuerdo al Informe de la Secretaría 
algunas notificaciones no están actualizadas o están pendientes.  
4.190.   Por último, en la esfera de las inversiones, se destaca que su reglamentación en materia de 
inversiones extranjeras directas no ha cambiado durante el período examinado no habiéndose 
planteado ninguna diferencia entre inversores y el Estado. Tampoco se han registrado cambios a las 
leyes que rigen el régimen MSF y d urante el período examinado, en el Comité MSF de la OMC no se 
planteó ninguna preocupación comercial específica de Trinidad y Tobago, ni se presentó ninguna 
notificación a la OMC  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  4.191.   Uruguay le desea a Trinidad y Tobago el mayor de los éxitos en su cuarto exam en de sus 
políticas comerciales.  
REPUBLIC  OF KOREA  
4.192.   Korea is encouraged by the consistent and unwavering commitment of the Government of 
Trinidad and Tobago to integrate into the multilateral trading system and maintain an open trading 
regime. We welcome th e various initiatives taken by the Government in this regard while striving to 
enhance its productivity and competitiveness through innovation and diversifying the economy.  
4.193.   Regarding the overall economic performance of Trinidad and Tobago, despite its vuln erability 
to external shocks such as the fluctuation of energy prices, Trinidad and Tobago managed to steadily 
overcome the recessions over the past years, along with maintaining low inflation and low 
unemployment. In this regard, we commend these efforts undertaken by the Government of Trinidad 
and Tobago.  
4.194.   On the other hand, as mentioned in the Secretariat report, despite the Government's 
emphasis on diversifying its economy from the oil and gas sector to non -energy sectors, the energy 
sector remains the l argest share of the economy, accounting for approximately 45% of the GDP. 
Also, the energy sector occupies the majority of foreign investment whereas the non -energy sector 
is falling behind.  
4.195.   We look forward to Trinidad and Tobago's continued pursuit of str uctural reforms that are 
accompanied by a series of policy measures to stimulate potential areas of economic development 
as well as to further diversify its economic structure into non -energy, manufacturing sectors.  
4.196.   Korea and Trinidad and Tobago have devel oped a strong bilateral economic relationship since 
the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1985. We are pleased to note that the two countries 
have maintained close economic ties and that bilateral trade volume reached record USD 1 billion in 
2011. K orea's share of Trinidad and Tobago's exports has increased from 0.3% in 2012 to 2% in 
2017.  
4.197.   We would also like to note that the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of 
Korea and the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago for the Pro motion and Protection 
of Investments, which came into effect in 2003, has helped further deepen the already close 
economic ties between the two countries.  
4.198.   Korea and Trinidad and Tobago are also strengthening bilateral cooperation at various 
international f ora such as the United Nations.  
4.199.   Currently, our two countries are engaging in the Double Taxation Agreement having 
completed its first round of negotiations in December 2016. We look forward to holding the second 
round of negotiations soon.  
4.200.   Taking into acc ount the complementary economic relations between the two countries, Korea 
hopes that its economic partnership with Trinidad and Tobago will continue to expand and develop 
in the future.  
4.201.   In this respect, Korea has submitted written questions on some import ant policies and 
institutions of Trinidad and Tobago. We look forward to receiving a reply which we will carefully 
review.  
4.202.   In our modern global economy, trade is a crucial instrument for economic development. 
Trade is the bridge connecting the world econo my and it can be the bridge to development as well.  
4.203.   In this context, Korea hopes that Trinidad and Tobago reinforces its commitments for global 
trade and continues to contribute to the WTO multilateral trading system.  
4.204.   I would like to conclude by expressin g my deep appreciation to the delegation of Trinidad 
and Tobago for its hard work and wishing the delegation every success in this TPR.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  ST. VINCENT  AND  THE GRENADINES  ON BEHALF  OF THE OECS  
4.205.   We note the difficult macroeconomic climate in which Trinidad and T obago operates and we 
commend the Authorities for their stewardship of an economy that has had its fair share of fiscal 
challenges during the period under review. The economies of Trinidad and Tobago and those of the 
OECS Member States are linked through t he CARICOM Community and the Revised Treaty of 
Chaguaramas which aims to create a Single Market and Economy. In this view, the economic well -
being of our Member States is inextricably tied to the economic fortunes of Trinidad and Tobago. In 
this vein, we w elcome guidance on the improved macroeconomic prospects of Trinidad and Tobago 
which projects an average growth rate of 1.5% for Trinidad and Tobago by the International 
Monetary Fund (IMF) over the next five years.  
4.206.   The OECS wishes to underscore the point  made by Trinidad and Tobago with regard to its 
firm commitment to a fair and equitable rules -based multilateral trading system that is supportive 
of the development pursuits of Members and which it considers to be the foundation of its 
relationship with i ts trading partners. Like Trinidad and Tobago, the OECS also places a high priority 
on the centrality of the rules based multilateral trading system and welcomes continued efforts 
aimed at securing positive outcomes on Fisheries Subsidies, an area in which  the OECS is dedicated 
to finding a favourable outcome. Similarly, on the question of reform and strengthening of the WTO 
and advancing the Work Programme on Small Economies, we fully align ourselves with the similar 
sentiments expressed.  
4.207.   We commend Trini dad and Tobago for its National E -Commerce Strategy. Of course, we are 
mindful of the economic benefits likely to accrue from the digital economy and e -commerce, 
especially for small developing states and MSMEs. There is a growing body of literature which speaks 
to the potential of e -commerce to reduce trade costs and further integrate small developing 
economies and MSMEs into the global economy. Indeed, while reflecting the positives, we also 
appreciate the need for a calibrated approach that takes account  of the developmental imperatives 
and limits of Small States.  
4.208.   The Trinidad and Tobago Report also highlights efforts geared toward economic 
diversification in sectors such as maritime, yachting, creative industries, agriculture, tourism and 
services. We ar e confident in the ability of Trinidad and Tobago to realise the economic and trade 
benefits of diversification. As small vulnerable economies, we also recognise the importance of 
economic diversification to mitigate against the ravages of exogenous shocks  and we look forward 
to the identification and sharing of best practices with Trinidad and Tobago.   
4.209.   My delegation would like to once again applaud Trinidad and Tobago for its sterling effort 
and congratulate the delegation on a successful review, and to r enew to Trinidad and Tobago, the 
support of all the OECS Member States.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRE SENTATIVE OF TRINIDA D AND TOBAGO AND ADD ITIONAL 
COMMENTS  
5.1.  Mr. Chairman, we thank you and also  express sincere appreciation for the thorough and 
insightful presentation made by our discussant, Ambassador Gaffey on Wednesday. The Trinidad 
and Tobago delegation is particularly grateful for the balanced approach in assessing Trinidad and 
Tobago's prog ress since the last review in 2012 and, of course, our current standing.  
5.2.  My delegation also wishes to thank all delegations for their participation in the meeting on 
Wednesday, which reflects an acknowledgement of Trinidad and Tobago's role in and contribu tion to 
a rules -based multilateral trading system. The Trinidad and Tobago delegation is grateful for the 
notes of commendation on our country's implementation of its National Development Strategy 
(Vision 2030), particularly as it relates to our economic a nd international trade agenda.  
5.3.  We have taken note of the concerns expressed in particular areas of our trade policy and 
practices and will consider the recommendations advanced by delegations.  
5.4.  I wish to however take this opportunity to respond to some of the specific issues raised by 
Members during the Opening Session on Wednesday.  
Tariff anomaly  
5.5.  We note that this is perhaps the greatest area of concern raised by Members. As a matter of 
clarification, this problem was recognized at our last Trade Policy Re view where 50 tariff lines were 
in excess of the bound rate. Due to the implementation of the 2012 Harmonized System, the number 
of tariff lines increased to 59.  
5.6.  This anomaly resulted from Trinidad and Tobago's application of the CARICOM Common 
External Ta riff (CET).  
5.7.  As stated in our written responses, this matter is being addressed at the level of CARICOM 
through a review of the CET regime which has substantially progressed. We are optimistic that this 
issue will be attended to in the near future.  
Notifica tions  
5.8.  Trinidad and Tobago has been up to date in its notifications commitments in several areas, 
such as anti -dumping and some aspects of Technical Barriers to Trade. Only this week, we notified 
import and tariff data for the years 2011 -2017 to the Integra ted Data Base.  
5.9.  As stated in our written responses, Trinidad and Tobago undertakes to submit all outstanding 
notifications in the shortest possible period.  
5.10.   Yesterday, our team met with Mr. Yonov F. Agha, Deputy Director General at the WTO, where 
my delegati on made a formal request for technical assistance in this area. Once again, we are 
optimistic that this area could be improved in the not too distant future.  
Import surcharges  
5.11.   Trinidad and Tobago had given a commitment to the gradual reduction of the use o f 
surcharges in keeping with multilateral trade rules. However, as indicated in my Opening Statement, 
the revenue of Trinidad and Tobago declined by over 38% during the review period largely because 
of the fall in global energy prices.  
5.12.   In respect of poult ry, the Government took measures to reduce the vulnerability of the local 
poultry industry and to promote its continued sustainability, growth and viability. This is also in 
keeping with Government's economic diversification policy as it relates to the non -energy sector, 
specifically with regard to improving national food security, rural development and employment.  
5.13.   It should be noted that the current rate of 15% on these items is far below the pre -2007 level 
of 40%. In addition, the agriculture sector contr ibutes a very small percentage to our GDP.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  5.14.   Trinidad and Tobago's imposition of import surcharges was also done in accordance with our 
commitments as per Article II (1) (b) of the GATT and in accordance with our WTO obligations and 
strategic national develo pment priorities.  
5.15.   With regard to the surcharge on sugar, Trinidad and Tobago recognizes that this is a long 
outstanding issue and we must address it soon.  
Government procurement  
5.16.   We note the interest of Members in the procurement regime of Trinidad and Toba go. 
5.17.   As noted in the Secretariat's report, the public procurement regime is undergoing significant 
change. The Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Property Act, 2015 (amended by the Public 
Procurement and Disposal of Public Property (Amendment) Act, 2 016) will replace the Central 
Tenders Board Act (Chapter 72:19). The Act will govern procurement by all state agencies using 
public money under a single regulatory framework. The Act was partially proclaimed by the President 
of the Republic of Trinidad and  Tobago in 2015, to allow for the establishment of the Office of the 
Procurement Regulator (OPR), including the appointment of members of the OPR, the definition of 
its functions, staffing, and the drafting of regulations. The Act will also establish a Pub lic Procurement 
Review Board as the body responsible for reviewing decisions made by the OPR.  
5.18.   The Office of Procurement Regulation (OPR) has now reached 95% of its required staffing. 
Further, the OPR has reported that its software application is being installed to facilitate the 
establishment of a comprehensive database on public procurement, including information of tenders 
received, the award and value of contracts. Additionally, the Procurement Depository, required in 
accordance with the Act, is expe cted to be accessible within the next three months.  
5.19.   Barring unforeseen circumstances, further proclamation of important Sections of the Act is 
expected to be achieved by August 2019.  
5.20.   We believe that this new regime will be far more transparent and open to  all local and 
international bidding firms.  
Intellectual property rights  
5.21.   Trinidad and Tobago has made fairly significant progress in the area of protection of 
Intellectual Property Rights. Since the previous Review, Trinidad and Tobago has enacted a new 
Trademarks Act, 2015. The Regulations for this Act are intended to be promulgated by 
September  2019.  
5.22.   The Cabinet of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago has also given approval for the 
accession of Trinidad and Tobago to the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances in 2018. To give 
full effect to the provisions of the Beijing Treaty, amendments to the Copyright Act, Chapter 82:80 
are being drafted now.  
5.23.   Steps undertaken by the local authorities regarding enforcement of Intellectual Property 
Rights during the review period include:  
• Replacing piracy with partnership initiatives such as communicating with stakeholders such as 
Netflix and Spotify to provide increased licensing opportunities;  
• Enhanced Co -operation between the local Intellectual Property Office and the United States 
Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) IP Attaché;  
• Judicial colloquium (workshop) on IPR for the Judiciary was held in December 2016;  
• Anti-counterfeit Training for Customs, Police and other Enforcement Agencies in Trinidad and 
Tobago was  held on 15 January 2018;  
• Anti-counterfeit/Enforcement Training for Municipal Police was held during 2 -3 July 2018;  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  • Regular Round table discussions with stakeholders including Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of 
Standards, Customs and Excise Division, Police, Cr ime Stoppers International and the IPO 
were held;  
• Enforcement activities by Regional Corporations and Municipal Police have increased; and  
• The Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT) has made strides since the 
last TPR to ensure that cab le broadcasters license channels or remove them. Specifically, in 
2015 and in 2018, the Authority took enforcement action against cable operators for 
transmitting channels that did not have the authorization to broadcast. The Authority also 
conducts routin e audits of all cable and satellite operators to ensure that they are broadcasting 
content that they are authorized to broadcast.  
5.24.   In addition, during the review period, the Cabinet of Trinidad and Tobago also approved the 
accession of Trinidad and Tobago t o the following WIPO treaties and conventions:  
• Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks;  
• Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting 
Organizations; and  
• Patent Law Treaty (PLT) and Madrid Protocol.  
Taxation re form and special economic zones  
5.25.   The Secretariat's report has noted that the Government of Trinidad and Tobago approved a 
new Special Economic Zones Regime Policy in 2018. This Policy provides recommendations for 
developing a new and modern SEZ Regime, with  a view to: expanding the country's revenue base; 
increasing and diversifying exports and investment; and increasing and enhancing private -sector 
participation in the economy. A new SEZ Act is currently being drafted which would replace the Free 
Zones Act and this is to be done by September 2019.  
5.26.   More importantly, this new regime is intended to improve compliance of SEZ entities with 
local, regional and international standards and laws.  
5.27.   Specific legislation (namely the Anti -Terrorism Amendment Act, No. 13 of 2018 and the 
Miscellaneous Provisions, Proceeds of Crime, Anti -Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Unit of 
Trinidad and Tobago Act, No. 20 of 2018) aimed at addressing Financial Acti on Task Force and Global 
Forum requirements have recently been enacted. These pieces of legislation allow for Trinidad and 
Tobago to further its efforts regarding compliance with international standards in respect of 
corruption, money laundering, and the e xchange of information. This is part of the process of 
ensuring that Trinidad and Tobago becomes compliant with the International Standard on Exchange 
of Information on request, as required by the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of 
Information fo r Tax Purposes.  
Gender quality  
5.28.   Members have also made reference to the important gender dimension of trade policy.  
5.29.   To promote the participation of women in the domestic economy, the Government of Trinidad 
and Tobago developed a National Policy on Gender a nd Development – A Green Paper (2018). This 
policy provides a framework for including gender perspectives in all activities of the Government and 
civil society, thereby promoting the full and equal participation of men and women in the 
development process.   
5.30.   The overall goal of this National Policy is to promote gender equality and equity, social justice 
and sustainable development in Trinidad and Tobago. With respect to the macro economy and trade, 
the policy objective identified is "To promote the equitabl e sustainable socio -economic development 
of men and women, forging links between economic policy and gender planning so as to transform 
the goals of macro -economic policy to include dimensions of equality and social justice".  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  5.31.   Yesterday, my delegation took the opportunity being on the ground here in Geneva to meet 
with the International Trade Centre to learn more about its She Trade Initiative. We are very excited 
about this Project and intend to work with the ITC on implementing it in our country.  
Special characteristics of small and vulnerable economies  
5.32.   All countries are not the same. Some countries face significant inherent disadvantages. By 
example, Trinidad and Tobago along with its CARICOM neighbours are Small and Vulnerable 
Economies (SVEs). Notwithst anding the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita level, it only takes 
one significant natural disaster to negatively affect the country's trade and economic development. 
I thank Ambassador Gaffey for reminding all Members on Wednesday of the high degree of 
vulnerability in climate terms, and by extension in economic terms, of economies such as ours on 
account of geographical location.  
5.33.   In addition, like other Small and Vulnerable Economies, Trinidad and Tobago has unique 
supply -side capacity constraints. S mall populations and small productive sectors face constraints to 
scaling up production and are vulnerable to global price shocks and other externalities.  
Recommendations by Members  
5.34.   My delegation notes the recommendations of several Members in respect of T rinidad and 
Tobago participating in various Committees and Working Groups (as an Observer) such as the:  
• Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA);  
• Information Technology Agreement (ITA); and  
• Negotiations on e -Commerce.  
5.35.   We intend to give serio us consideration to these recommendations.  
5.36.   Several countries also recommended that Trinidad and Tobago take advantage of the 
significant opportunities arising from the Digital Trade Agenda. The Government of Trinidad and 
Tobago believes that e -commerce, if  properly developed and harnessed, can be a key driver for 
economic growth in Trinidad and Tobago and as such, is committed to the implementation of our 
new e -Commerce Strategy.  
5.37.   Finally, Trinidad and Tobago is truly humbled for the constructive engagement of Members 
during this week and we are grateful for the role of the Secretariat, the Chair, and our discussant in 
shepherding us through this process. We have tried our best to respond to the questions and 
comments which Members have raised during this exe rcise and commit our country's responses for 
your consideration. I thank you.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.38.   Let me begin by reflecting that the first day of Trinidad and Tobago's Trade Policy Review 
seemed to me to be very encouraging for the delegation but also encouraging for the wider room in 
emphasising the usefulness of the TPR exercise for us all, and for the WTO itself. The TPR provides 
an invaluable opportunity to scrutinise the party's obligations and endeavours in the context of wider 
economic and political challeng es. 
Theme A  
5.39.   One of the dominant themes in Wednesday's discussion was the level of commitment Trinidad 
and Tobago has demonstrated to the multilateral trading system, despite the trade and non -trade -
related challenges that it has faced and is facing.  
5.40.   Fellow  Members, large and small, showed appreciation for their "unwavering commitment" to 
the multilateral trading system, and their "very active and positive contribution" to the WTO, and 
their leadership role within the CARICOM Group.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  5.41.   As a "small but dynamic" country, and a vulnerable economy, fellow Caribbean members also 
praised highly their leadership role and commitment to regional integration processes.  
5.42.   That leadership and commitment by smaller Members has to be encouraged and fostered by 
the WTO.  
5.43.   I say this in the context of the comments made by the Ambassador of Guyana on behalf of 
CARICOM regarding the worrying rise of unilateralism and by extension the threat to the multilateral 
system and the very concept of multilateralism.  
5.44.   Trade integration bilater ally, regionally, plurilaterally and multilaterally can be a daunting 
exercise for smaller economies and, in order to succeed, needs the encouragement of, and 
participation by, larger economies, facilitated by the WTO. We need to underline that unilateral 
approaches serve to encourage protectionist instincts which, we know from experience, can have 
longlasting negative effects, which are complex and difficult to revers.  
5.45.   In fact, I would argue to smaller open economies that engaging in regional and other fre e 
trade arrangements can, longer -term, serve as a bulwark against the negative effects of unilateral 
trade policies.  
5.46.   Of course, membership of multilateral agreements confers rights and benefits, but also brings 
obligations, and many Members have pointed o ut areas where Trinidad and Tobago "could do better", 
so to speak, in areas such as tariff bindings, notifications, procurement, SPS, etc.  
5.47.   To my mind, this only serves to underline the critical monitoring role and the solution -oriented 
approach behind the WTO rules system, in that each item raised can be discussed, defended and 
resolved within the appropriate forum of the Organization.  
Theme B  
5.48.   In another dominant theme, Members clearly supported Trinidad and Tobago in their efforts 
to drive more diversified  and sustainable economic development. Delivery of the comprehensive 
strategy that is "Vision 2030" was seen as critical in this regard. Enhancing their foreign investment 
offering, attracting and growing new sectors like the creative sectors and digital e conomy, appear 
already to be paying dividends for Trinidad and Tobago.  
5.49.   To support that strategy, Members encouraged Trinidad and Tobago to engage with other 
parts of the WTO negotiating framework – in particular, the so -called "Joint Statement Initiatives"  - 
covering E -Commerce, Domestic Regulation of Services and Investment Facilitation, as well as the 
existing Government Procurement Agreement.  
5.50.   Members also encouraged Trinidad and Tobago to continue to comply with the appropriate 
WTO obligations as the str ategy is rolled out.  
5.51.   An underlying aspect, in this regard is the status of Trinidad and Tobago as a developing 
country, in WTO terms, while at the same time being one of the most developed countries in the 
Caribbean region. One Member pointed out that Trin idad and Tobago hopes to graduate to developed 
country status by 2030.  
5.52.   I know this is a very hot topic in the WTO at present, and I don't want to express a particular 
point of view, but perhaps Trinidad and Tobago might be an interesting case study as to w hether a 
fixed, or a case -by-case approach, is more appropriate to determining the ability of individual 
countries to take on WTO commitments.  
Theme C  
5.53.   Finally, I would revert to my introductory remarks on Wednesday. Several Members praised 
Trinidad and To bago for its commitment to regional economic development, to the multilateral 
trading system and, as a consequence, to sustainable economic development. In this case, the 
concept of sustainability refers both to long -term economic sustainability and to env ironmental 
sustainability.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  5.54.   It is important, I think, to note that our work here, in trade, economic and development terms 
will benefit from being situated in the wider context of the obligations and commitments our 
countries have entered into. In September  2015, we adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable 
Development and its comprehensive, integrated set of Sustainable Development Goals and targets. 
These place trade, economic growth, poverty eradication, decent work, a sustainable environment 
and peace and security in a transformative context which challenges us to work together, across 
national and multilateral systems in a more integrated way. Trade Policy Reviews provide us with an 
excellent opportunity in this regard.  
5.55.   International trade, exports, import s, investment, supply chains, are essential drivers of 
economic growth and wellbeing, but they are also critical for the progress of humanity and our 
planet.  
5.56.   I wish Trinidad and Tobago well in pursuit of its vision, which is centred on the achievement 
of the SDGs. And I wish the WTO success in its contribution also. Once again, thank you for affording 
me this opportunity to comment.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.57.   Let me first thank the delegation of Trinidad and Tobago for the comprehensive overview 
presented on Wednesday and this morning of the main developments occurred during the review 
period.  
5.58.   This review has been useful for better understanding the trade policy measures of Trinidad 
and Tobago and we hope that Trinidad and Tobago will duly take into account some of the challenges 
highlighted by Members.  
5.59.   In this regard, the EU considers that improving the business climate will be a key issue to 
contribute to the country's objectives of diversification of its economy. We hope that in this respect 
Trinidad and Tobago will c onsider the EU's concern regarding the fact that in certain circumstances 
detailed in Trinidad and Tobago's replies to EU questions, the authorities have confirmed that foreign 
operators would not be consulted on draft legislations. The EU would like to us e this opportunity to 
call for maximum cooperation with stakeholders in order to improve and facilitate the business 
climate, be it on standards setting or other issues and we are encouraged by the statement we heard 
this morning.  
5.60.   The EU has submitted two follow -up questions on the country's use of special and differential 
treatment allowed by certain WTO agreements and on consultation of the private sector in the area 
of standards and, more particularly, of foreign operators on Trinidad and Tobago's market .  
5.61.   We look forward to receiving the replies in due time.  
5.62.   In conclusion, we would like to thank the delegation of Trinidad and Tobago for such 
constructive participation in this exercise.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.63.   The United States would like to sincerely thank members of the delegation of Trinidad and 
Tobago for their diligent preparation for and constructive participation in their fourth Trade Policy 
Review. We also especially thank Ambassador Gaffey for his clear  and informative insights – and, as 
always, the Secretariat for excellent work.  
5.64.   The United States would like to express appreciation for our valued trade relationship with 
Trinidad and Tobago. We were pleased to see comprehensive plans to address challenge s faced 
during this review period and we look forward to observing their full implementation. We encourage 
continued reform efforts to diversify, improve the business and regulatory environment, and 
promote competitiveness.  
5.65.   We thank the delegation of Trini dad and Tobago for answers provided to our previously 
submitted written questions and wish to highlight a few follow up questions. We appreciate plans by WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  Trinidad and Tobago to address the tariff lines that exceed bound rates in a short term, but query 
further clarification regarding timing beyond in the "short term".  
5.66.   The United States looks forward to continued active cooperation with Trinidad and Tobago as 
a friendly and energetic partner in Geneva and elsewhere. Please accept our best regards, and our 
wish for safe travels to those returning to capital.  
H.E.  SENATOR  PAULA  GOPEE -SCOON  (HEAD  OF DELEGATION)   
5.67.   Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I have no further comments to make but I wish to thank all the 
delegations who participated, their kind comments, especially th ose this morning with the further 
remarks of the European Union and the United States. I thank you and, again, we commit to 
providing answers and also to addressing all the challenges that we have identified, and you have 
identified as well.  
5.68.   We look forwar d to being a significant partner to this multilateral trading system and which 
we are all committed to. Thank you.  
  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  The fourth Trade Policy Review of Trinidad and Tobago has indeed offered us a better 
understanding of  trade and economic developments in the country over the past seven years. I 
would like to thank the Trinidad and Tobago delegation, led by H.E. Senator Paula Gopee -Scoon, 
Minister of Trade and Industry, for her constructive engagement throughout this Revi ew. I would 
also like to thank the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Michael Gaffey of Ireland, for his insightful 
remarks, and all the delegations that took the floor for their valuable contributions. The more than 
200 questions submitted by 15 Members, and the  interventions by 23 delegations underline the 
importance attached by WTO Members to Trinidad and Tobago's trade and investment policies and 
practices.  
6.2.  Members noted that during the period under review the economy of Trinidad and Tobago was 
negatively imp acted by fluctuations in oil and gas prices. The economy remains driven by natural 
gas and petrochemical exports, even if the industrial and financial sectors are being developed to 
diversify the economy. To address its declining and volatile revenue from the energy sector, the 
Government launched various reform plans including "Vision 2030", the National Aid for Trade 
Strategy, the National E -Commerce Strategy, as well as its sector policies for e -commerce, special 
economic zones, ICT development, the yach ting industry and the national quality system.  
6.3.  Members were pleased that the recession seems now to belong to the past, and that economic 
growth has resumed. It was noted that GDP growth was expected to average 1.5% for the next five 
years. Members also c ommended Trinidad and Tobago for positive developments in economic 
indicators, such as declining inflation, and low unemployment.  
6.4.  On the multilateral front, Members appreciated the active role played by Trinidad and Tobago 
in the WTO, including in the neg otiating groups. They were pleased to see that Trinidad and Tobago 
accepted the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement in 2013 and ratified the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement in 2015. Some Members encouraged Trinidad and Tobago to join the ITA, so as to 
contribute to the development of its ICT infrastructure. Members were encouraged by the steps 
taken by Trinidad and Tobago to improve its government procurement regime through the new 
Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Property Act. Trinidad and Tobago w as encouraged to 
consider taking part as an observer to the Agreement on Government Procurement.  
6.5.  Members commended Trinidad and Tobago for the ongoing modernization of its customs 
infrastructure. The introduction of a single electronic window in 2012 had a lready contributed 
significantly to trade and business facilitation, and Members were pleased to note that Trinidad and 
Tobago is making efforts to further improve this tool. Members also welcomed the introduction in 
2019 of a new online payment system for  import tariffs, other taxes, and user fees. Members 
encouraged Trinidad and Tobago to facilitate access to visas and foreign exchange, with a view to 
establishing a more conducive environment for business and investment.  
6.6.  Some Members suggested areas for i mprovement in the SPS regime, including reducing 
approval process times for foreign meat -exporting establishments, and increasing predictability and 
clarity of the SPS requirements, particularly regarding the importation of animals. Concerns were 
also expr essed over Trinidad and Tobago's announcement of an import prohibition on plastics from 
2019. Some Members urged Trinidad and Tobago to notify the measure to the Committee on 
Technical Barriers to Trade, so as to allow comments from Members.  
6.7.  Many Members v iewed intellectual property rights as an important tool to foster creative 
industries, entrepreneurship and fuel economic growth; they expressed interest in knowing more 
about enforcement actions, particularly those intended to address piracy of televised programming 
and infringement on the Internet through streaming devices.  
6.8.  There were other areas of particular concern to Members, including:  
a. Tariff breaching: Members noted that the applied MFN rate exceeded the corresponding bound 
rate on 59 tariff lines in 2018, up from 50 in 2011. Members urged Trinidad and Tobago to 
bring its applied tariffs into conformity, and we have heard from the Minister today that these 
are priority actions for Trinidad and Tobago.  WT/TPR/W/ 167 • Trinidad and Tobago  
 
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  b. Import surcharges: Members noted that while imp ort surcharges imposed in 1990 were 
supposed to be temporary, Trinidad and Tobago continued to apply new import surcharges. 
Many Members were interested to know the reasons for applying and maintaining these 
surcharges, and asked Trinidad and Tobago to ela borate on its plans to abolish them. Similarly, 
we have heard some actions and resolution on this item.  
c. Outstanding notifications: Members noted that Trinidad and Tobago's notifications to the WTO 
are not up to date or outstanding in several areas, includi ng domestic support and export 
subsidies in agriculture, quantitative restrictions, customs valuation, and state trading 
enterprises. Noting that transparency is essential to the functioning of the WTO, many 
Members encouraged Trinidad and Tobago to comply  with notification requirements. We were 
pleased to hear today that Trinidad and Tobago had made a formal request for technical 
assistance and capacity on notifications.  
6.9.  The above are some of the key issues that had emerged in our discussion. I am certain that 
Trinidad and Tobago's delegation will take into account, and further reflect on, the many constructive 
comments, both broad and detailed, that they have received during this Review. Trinidad and Tobago 
has provided answers to all the advance written q uestions submitted prior to the meeting, and this 
has been highly appreciated by Members. This TPR will be successfully concluded once Trinidad and 
Tobago has replied to any follow up questions that emerged during the meeting in a month's time.  
__________