اﻟﻌ اﻟ ﻟ اﻟ ﻣ ﻟ اﻟ  ﻫ  
GCC Standardization Organization (GSO)  
 
 
 
 
  ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ 
 ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ
 
GSO 07/SC1/  FDS -1785-1: 2022  
 
 
 
 
 
TC07/SC 01  
  
  Prepared by GSO Technical Sub-Committee No.TC07/SC 01  
   
 
 
  
ﻣﺣﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﻭﺕ  ﺍﻟﺟﺯء ﺍﻷﻭﻝ: -ﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﺗﺯﻳﻳﺕ ﻣﺣﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ 
ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ ﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺗﺭﻭﻝ ﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ   ﻁﺑﻘﺎً ﺍﻟﺟﺎﺯﻭﻟﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻳﺯﻝ  )API(  
Lubricating Oils for Internal Combustion Engines – Part 1: API 
Classifications of Lubricating O ils for Gasoline and Diesel Eng ines  
  
 
 
  
ICS: 75.100  
  
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ، ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ
ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ   ،ﻹﺑﺪﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﻬﺎ 
ﻭﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ  ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ  
T h i s  d o c u m e n t  i s  a  D r a f t  G S O  S t a n d a r d  
circulated for comment . It is, therefore 
subjected to alternation and may not be referred to as GSO standard until approved by GSO. 
   
   
Page 1 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
  
ﺗﻘ 
ɸ اﻟﺘﻘﻴ  ﻟﺪول ﻣﺠﻠﺲ  اﻟﺘﻌﺎون  ﻟﺪول اݍݵﻠﻴﺞ  اﻟﻌﺮ ɸ  إﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﻢ ࢭ أﺟ  ﻋﻀﻮ    اﻟﺘﻘﻴ
اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ  اﻟﺪول  ࢭ  اﻷﻋﻀﺎء، وﻣﻦ ﻣ اﻟ اﳌﻮاﺻﻔﺎت  إﻋﺪاد  اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ  واﻟﻠﻮاﺋﺢ   ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ  اݍݵﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ  
ݍݨﺎن  ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔﻓﻨﻴﺔ.  
  اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﮫ  ࢭ اﻟﻌﺮ  اݍݵﻠﻴﺞ  ﻟﺪول اﻟﺘﻌﺎون  ﻣﺠﻠﺲ  ﻟﺪول اﻟﺘﻘﻴ  ﻟ  اﻹدارة  ﻣﺠﻠﺲ  ﻗﺮرت/ﻗﺮر   رﻗـــــــــﻢ.....     اﻟﺬي
، ɸ ......./......./.......ﺑﺘﺎر ﻋﻘﺪ     ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ  اﻋﺘﻤﺎد  م ......./...../....... اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔاﳌﻮاﻓﻖ  اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ      رﻗﻢ اݍݵﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔGSO 
1785-1: 2022  "   اﻟﺪاﺧڴ  اﻻﺣ؅فاق  ﻣﺤﺮ  ﺗﺰ:  - اﻷول اݍݨﺰء    ﻃﺒﻘﺎً  واﻟﺪﻳﺰل  اݍݨﺎزوﻟ؈ن  ﻣﺤﺮ  ز  
 ﻟﺘﺼ  اﻟﺒ؅فول  ﻣﻌ  اﻷﻣﺮAPI( "  اﻟݏݨﻨﺔ  ﻋﻤﻞ  ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ  ﺿﻤﻦ  و  دراﺳْڈﺎ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔاﻟۘܣ   اݍݵﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ
  رﻗﻢTC07/SC1    اﻟݏݨﻨﺔ"  اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ    ﳌﻮاﺻﻔﺎت  اﻟﺒ؅فوﻟﻴﺔاݍݵﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ  اﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎت  "   ﺧﻄﺔ  ࢭ اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ      اﻻﻣﺎرات  دوﻟﺔ
.اﳌﺘﺤﺪة  اﻟﻌﺮ   
 )   رﻗﻢ اݍݵﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ  اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ  اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ  ﺗﻠڧ  أن ﻋڴGSO 1785 -1: 2013 .ﻣﺤﻠ  وَﺗﺤﻞ ( 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Lubricating Oils for Internal Combustion Engines – Part 1: API 
Classifications of Lubricating Oils for Gasoline and Diesel Eng ines 
 
1. Scope and Field of Application  
The GSO standard is concerned with lubricating oils for interna l 
combustion engines suitable for gasoline and diesel engine serv ices 
(excluding marine application) according to API performance 
classifications. 
 
2. Complementary References   
The following reference documents  are essential for the applica tion of 
this document, for dated references, only the existing version applies. For 
undated references, the latest version of the reference documen t 
(including any ame ndments) applies. 
2.1 GSO 1785-2 "Lubricating Oils for Internal Combustion Engines - Part 2: 
ACEA European Oil Sequences for Gasoline Engines and Diesel Engines. 
2.2 GSO 126 “Methods of Sampling lubricating Oils”.  
2.3 GSO ISO 3987 “Petroleum products  - Lubricating oils and additiv es - 
Determination of  sulfated ash”  
2.4 GSO 873 “Determination of Aentppar Viscosity for Engine Oils at  Low 
Temperature Using the Cold Crank Simulator”. 
2.5 GSO 896 “Determination of Phosphorous Content in Lubricating Oi ls 
and Additives”. 
2.6 GSO 1078 “Determination of Kinem atic Viscosity and Dynamic 
Viscosity for Petroleum Products”
. 
2.7 GSO ISO 2909 “Calculation of Vis cosity Index from Kinematic 
Viscosity”. 
2.8 GSO ISO 3771  “Determination of Base Number-Perchloric Acid 
Potentiometric Titration Method”. 
2.9 GSO ISO 6247 “Determination of  Foaming Characteristics of 
Lubricating Oils”. 
2.10 ASTM Test Method Standards Referred to in the tables of this do cument.  
Page 3 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
3. Definition  
3.1 Mineral Base oil: Petroleum produc t produced after refining, (s eparating 
fuel distillates) by extracting asphalt, aromatics, resins, uns table materials, 
wax and moisture to impr ove its characteristics. 
Also, it can be separate mineral oil base types according to wh ether they are 
Conventional or hydro-processed.  Conventional base oils are ref ined using 
traditional methods (applying che micals) and tend to leave unde sirables 
behind, such as sulfur, oxygen,  nitrogen and carbon compounds, and trace 
metals. These can affect the performance of the oil. Mineral ba se oils that 
have been hydro-processed have undergone additional, more advan ced 
refining processes than their  conventional counterparts.  
Note1 : The name "hydro-processed" is derived  from the fact that refineries use 
hydrogen reactions (in a process know n as hydro-cracking) to remove 
impurities. When base  oils are subjected to even more hydroprocessing, they 
attain the status of “severe” hydroproc essed oils, which means they contain 
minimal amounts of impurities .  
Note2 : Hydro-isomerized mineral oils reconstruct cracked waxes into 
branched paraffin’s. This technology is growing gl obally to meet global 
standards of lubricants. 
3.2 Base stock: Mineral or synthe tic oil or mixture of both. 
3.3 Additives: Chemical mat erials designed to be mixed with base st ocks to 
enhance its perform ance properties. 
3.4 Lubrication: The act of adding l ubricating oil to reduce fricti on and wear 
between the moving parts, to cont rol the increase in temperatur e rise caused 
by the friction, to minimize corrosion and to remove residues r esulting from 
internal combustion. 
 
4. Classification  
Lubricating oils are classified a ccording to their viscosity an d performance 
as follows:   
Note:  Product can be suitable for more than one viscosity or performance grades 
according to API or SAE classification.  
 
4.1 Classification according to viscosity 
 Lubricating oils are classified according to viscosity based o n SAE 
classification (see Table 1). 
 Multi-grade oils are the combi nation of winter (W) and summer grades. 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
4.2 Classification according to performance  
Lubricating oils are classified a ccording to performance based on API 
classification (see Table 2 & Table 3). 
 
4.2.1 Service categories for passenger car oils:  
        The lubricants covered by these categories are for gaso line passenger    
cars, some trucks and off-highway equipment. (Service category “S”). 
Note:  The letter following service category “S” indicates the performance 
category of the oils. 
  
4.2.1.1.  2020 Gasoline Engine Wa rranty Maintenance Service  
API Service Category SP was adopt ed for use in describing engin e oils 
available in 2020. These oils are for use in service typical of  gasoline 
engines in current and earlier passenger cars, sport utility ve hicles, vans, 
and light-duty trucks operating under vehicle manufacturers’ 
recommended maintenance procedur es. Vehicle owners and operator s 
should follow their vehicle ma nufacturer’s recommendations on e ngine 
oil viscosity and performance standard. 
 
Engine oils that meet the API Service Category SP designation ( see Table 
2-5) may be used where API Service Category SN and earlier S ca tegories 
have been recommended. 
 
Engine oils that meet these requi rements may display API Servic e 
Category SP in the upper portion of  the API Service Symbol as o f May 1, 
2020. 
 
4.2.1.2.  SN Plus - 2018 Gasoline Engine W arranty Maintenance Service 
 
API Service Category SN Plus wa s adopted for use in describing engine 
oils available in 2018. API Serv ice Category SN engine oils tha t also carry 
the classification SN PLUS are formulated to provide API SN 
performance and additional protec tion against low-speed pre-ign ition for 
turbocharged direct injection gasoline-powered vehicles . 
 
Oils that meet the requirements for API SN with SN PLUS or API SN 
with SN PLUS and “Resource Conserving” at the limit shown in Ta ble 2-
4, and are properly licensed may display “SN PLUS” or ““Resourc e 
Conserving SN PLUS” in the lower portion of the API Service Sym bol in 
conjunction with API S N in the upper portion. 
Oils that satisfy SN PLUS can effectively lubricate engines cal ling for API 
SN. Oils that satisfy SN PLUS and “Resource Conserving” can als o  
Page 5 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
effectively lubricate engines calling for API SN with “Resource  
Conserving” or ILSAC GF-5. API SN with SN PLUS and “Resource 
Conserving” and API SN with SN PLUS are also backward compatibl e to 
API Service Categor ies before API SN. 
 
4.2.1.3.  2011 Gasoline Engine Wa rranty Maintenance Service  
 API Service Category SN was adopt ed for use in describing engi ne oils 
available in 2011. These oils are for use in service typical of  gasoline 
engines in current and earlier passenger cars, sport utility ve hicles, vans, 
and light-duty trucks operating under vehicle manufacturers’ 
recommended maintenance procedur es. Vehicle owners and operator s 
should follow their vehicle ma nufacturer’s recommendations on e ngine 
oil viscosity and performance standard. 
Engine oils that meet the API Se rvice Category SN designation ( see Table 
2-4) may be used where API Service Category SM and earlier S ca tegories 
have been recommended.  
Engine oils that meet these requi rements may display API Servic e 
Category SN in the upper portion of the API Service Symbol. 
4.2.1.4.  2005 Gasoline Engine Wa rranty Maintenance Service  
API Service Category SM was adopt ed for use in describing engin e oils 
available in 2004. These oils are  for use in service typical of  gasoline 
engines in current and earlier passenger cars, sport utility ve hicles, vans, 
and light-duty trucks operati ng under vehicle manufacturers’ 
recommended maintenance procedures. 
Engine oils that meet the API Se rvice Category SM designation ( see Table 
2-3) may be used where API Service Category SL and earlier S Ca tegories 
have been recommended. 
Engine oils that meet these requi rements may display API Servic e 
Category SM in the upper portion of the API Service Symbol. 
4.2.1.5.  2001 Gasoline Engine Wa rranty Maintenance Service  
API Service Category S L was adopted for use in describing engin e oils 
available in 2001. These oils are  for use in service typical of  gasoline 
engines in current and earlier passenger cars, sport utility ve hicles, vans,  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
and light-duty trucks operati ng under vehicle manufacturers’ 
recommended maintenance procedures. 
Engine oils that meet the API Se rvice Category SL  designation ( see Table 
2-2) may be used where API Serv ice Category SJ and earlier S Ca tegories 
have been recommended.  
Engine oils that meet these requi rements may display API Servic e 
Category SL in the upper portion of the API Service Symbol. 
4.2.1.6.  SJ-1997 Gasoline Engine Service  
API Service Category SJ was adopt ed for use in describing engin e oils 
available in 1996. These oils are  for use in service typical of  gasoline 
engines in passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, and li ght-duty trucks 
operating under vehicle manufactur ers’ recommended maintenance 
procedures. 
 
Engine oils that meet the API Se rvice Category SJ designation ( see Table 
2-1) may be used where API Service Category SH and earlier S Ca tegories 
have been recommended.  Engine oils that meet these requi rements may display API Servic e 
Category SJ in the upper portion of the API Service Symbol. 
 
4.2.2  “Resource Conserving” Oil Classification for Gasoline-Powered 
Passenger Cars, Sport Utility Vehicles, Vans, and Light-Duty Tr ucks 
General   
 
4.2.2.1 General 
 
The “Resource Conserving” oil classification for gasoline-power ed 
passenger cars, sport utility vehi cles, vans, and light-duty tr ucks is a 
supplementary classification for engine oils that have resource  conserving 
properties and is displayed—whe n used—in the lower portion of t he API 
Service Symbol. The performance requirements for this supplemen tary 
classification are described tec hnically in Table 2-3 and Table  2-4.  
 
4.2.2.2 “Resource Conserving” i n Conjunction with API Service  
Category SP  
 
API Service SP engine oils desi gnated as “Resource Conserving” are 
formulated to help improve fuel economy and protect vehicle emi ssion 
system components in passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, va ns, and 
light-duty trucks powered by gasoline engines. These oils have  
Page 7 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
demonstrated a fuel economy improvement (FEI) in a specific seq uence 
test at the percentages listed in Table 2-4 when compared with a baseline 
oil (BL). Additionally, these oil s have demonstrated in other t ests listed in 
Table 2-4 that they provide greater emission system and turboch arger 
protection and help protect engi nes when operating on ethanol-c ontaining 
fuels up to E85. 
 
Many previous S Categories made r eference to “Energy Conserving ,” but 
this reflected an emphasis on fuel-economy performance alone. “ Resource 
Conserving” in conjunction with API SP focuses on fuel economy,  
emission system and turbocharger  protection, and compatibility with 
ethanol-containing fuel up to E85. 
 
Since May 1, 2020, oils that have  passed the tests at the limit s shown in 
Table 2-4 and are properly licensed by API may display “Resourc e 
Conserving” in the lower portion of the API Service Symbol in c onjunction 
with API Service SP in the upper portion. The fuel economy and other 
“Resource Conserving” benefits obtained by individual vehicle o perators 
using engine oils labeled “Resource Conserving” may differ beca use of 
many factors, including the type o f vehicle and engine, engine 
manufacturing variables, the mec hanical condition and maintenan ce of the 
engine, oil that has been previ ously used, operating conditions , and driving 
habits. Viscosity grades are limited to 0 W, 5W and 10W multigrade oils.  
 
4.2.2.3 “Resource Conserving” i n Conjunction with API Service  
Category SN 
 
API Service SN engine oils desi gnated as “Resource Conserving” are 
formulated to help improve fue l economy and protect vehicle emi ssion 
system components in passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, va ns, and 
light-duty trucks powered by gasoline engines. These oils have 
demonstrated a fuel economy impr ovement (FEI) in a specific seq uence 
test at the percentages listed in Table 2-3 when compared with a baseline 
oil (BL). Additionally, these oils  have demonstrated in other t ests listed in 
Table 2-3 that they provide greater emission system and turboch arger 
protection and help protect engines when operating on ethanol-c ontaining 
fuels up to E85.  
Many previous S Categories made reference to “Energy Conserving ”, but 
this reflected an emphasis on fuel-economy performance alone. “ Resource  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Conserving” in conjunction with API SN focuses on fuel economy,  
emission system and turbocharger protection, and compatibility with 
ethanol-containing fuel up to E85. 
 Starting October 1, 2010, oils tha t have passed the tests at th e limits shown 
in Table 2-3 and are properly licensed by API may display “Reso urce 
Conserving” in the lower portion of the API Service Symbol in c onjunction 
with API Service SN in the uppe r portion. The fuel economy and other 
“Resource Conserving” benefits obtained by individual vehicle o perators 
using engine oils labeled “Resource Conserving” may differ beca use of 
many factors, including the type o f vehicle and engine, engine 
manufacturing variables, the mec hanical condition and maintenan ce of the 
engine, oil that has been previ ously used, operating conditions , and driving 
habits. Viscosity grades are limited to 0 W, 5W and 10W multigrade oils.  
 
4.2.3 Ilsac GF-6A and GF-6b Sta ndards for Passenger Car Engine Oils 
(Effective May 1, 2020) 
 The Japan Automobile Manufacturer s Association, Inc (JAMA), and  
representatives from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Motor   Co mpany,   
and   General   Motors   LLC,   thr ough   an   organization   called   the   
International   Lubricants Standardization Advisory Comm ittee (ILSAC), 
jointly developed and approved th e ILSAC GF-6A and GF-6B minimu m 
performance standards for engine oils for spark-ignited interna l 
combustion engines (see Table 2-6). 
 
This standard specifies the minim um performance requirements (b oth 
engine sequence and  bench  tests)  and chemical and physical p roperties 
for engine oils for spark-ignite d internal combustion engines. It is expected 
that many engine manufacturers will recommend ILSAC GF-6A and/o r 
GF-6B oils. However, performance parameters other than those co vered 
by the tests included or more stringent limits on those tests i ncluded in 
these standards may be re quired by individual OEMs. 
 
In addition to meeting the requirements of the standards, it is  t h e  o i l  
marketer’s responsibility to be aware of and comply with all ap plicable 
legal and regulatory requirement s on substance use restrictions , labeling, 
and health and safety informati on when marketing products meeti ng the 
ILSAC GF-6A and GF-6B standard s. It is also the marketer’s 
responsibility to conduct its bus iness in a manner that represe nts minimum 
risk to consumers and the environment.  
Page 9 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
4.2.4 Categories for Diesel Engines Oils  
The lubricants covered by this category commercial (category “C ”) cover 
diesel engine trucks and diesel powered off-highway equipment ( fleets, 
contractors, farmers, etc.). 
Note:  The letter following commercial category “C” indicates the 
performance  category of the oil. 
 
4.2.4.1 CK-4  for 2017 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Service  
API Service Category CK-4, see Table 3-4 describes oils for use  in high-
speed four-stroke cycle diesel engines designed to meet 2017 mo del year 
on-highway and Tier 4 non-road exhaust emission standards as we ll as for 
previous model year diesel engine s. These oils are formulated f or use in all 
applications with diesel fuels ranging in sulfur content up to 500 ppm 
(0.05% by weight). However, the use of these oils with greater than 15 ppm 
(0.0015% by weight) sulfur fuel may impact exhaust aftertreatme nt system 
durability and/or oil drain inter val. These oils are especially  effective at 
sustaining emission control system durability where particulate  filters and 
other advanced aftertreatment s y s t e m s  a r e  u s e d .  A P I  C K - 4  o i l s  a re 
designed to provide enhanced protection against oil oxidation, viscosity 
loss due to shear, and oil aeration as well as protection again st catalyst 
poisoning, particulate filter bl ocking, engine wear, piston dep osits, 
degradation of low- and high-tem perature properties, and soot-r elated 
viscosity increase.  API CK-4 oils exceed the performan ce criteria of API CJ-4, CI-4  with CI-
4 PLUS, and CH-4 and can effectively lubricate engines calling for those 
API Service Categories. When using CK-4 oil with higher than 15  ppm 
sulfur fuel, consult the engine  manufacturer for service interv al 
recommendations.
 
Marketers may license products m eeting API CK-4 requirements as  API 
CJ-4, CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, and CH-4. 
 
4.2.4.2 FA-4 —For 2017 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Service 
API Service Category FA-4, see Ta ble 3-4 describes certain XW-3 0 oils 
specifically formulated for use in select high-speed four-strok e cycle diesel 
engines designed to meet 2017 m odel year on-highway greenhouse gas 
(GHG) emission standards. These o ils are formulated for use in on-
highway applications with diesel fuel sulfur content up to 15 p pm  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
(0.0015% by weight). Refer to individual engine manufacturer 
recommendations regarding comp atibility with API FA-4 oils. 
These oils are blended to a high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity 
range of 2.9cP‒3.2cP to assist i n reducing GHG emissions. These  oils are 
especially effective at sustaining emission control system dura bility where 
particulate filters and other advanced aftertreatment systems a re used. API 
FA-4 oils are designed to provide enhanced protection against o il 
oxidation, viscosity loss due to shear, and oil aeration as wel l as protection 
against catalyst poisoning, particulate filter blocking, engine  wear, piston 
deposits, degradation of low- and high-temperature properties, and soot-
related viscosity increase. 
API FA-4 oils are not interchang eable or backward compatible wi th API 
CK-4, CJ-4, CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, and CH-4 oils. Refer to engine man ufacturer 
recommendations to determine if API FA-4 oils are suitable for use. API 
FA-4 oils are not recommended for use with fuels having greater  than 15 
ppm sulfur. For fuels with sulfur contents greater the 15 ppm, refer to 
engine manufacturer recommendations. 
4.2.4.3  CJ-4-2007  Severe Duty Diesel Engine Service 
 
API Service Category CJ-4, see Ta ble 3-3 describes oils for use  in high-
speed four-stroke cycle diesel engines designed to meet 2010 mo del year 
on-highway and Tier 4 nonroad exhaust emission standards as wel l as for 
previous model year diesel engine s. These oils are formulated f or use in all 
applications with diesel fuels ranging in sulfur content up to 500 ppm 
(0.05% by weight). However, the use of these oils with greater than 15 ppm 
(0.0015% by weight) sulfur fuel may impact exhaust aftertreatme nt system 
durability and/or oil drain interval. 
These oils are especially effective at sustaining emission cont rol system 
durability where particulate filters and other advanced aftertr eatment 
systems are used. Optimum protection is provided for control of  catalyst 
poisoning, particulate filter blocking, engine wear, piston dep osits, low- 
and high-temperature stability, soot handling properties, oxida tive 
thickening, foaming, and visc osity loss due to shear . 
API CJ-4 oils exceed the performance criteria of API CI-4 with CI-4 
PLUS, CI-4, and CH-4 and can effe ctively lubricate engines call ing for 
those API Service Categories. Whe n using CJ-4 oil with higher t han 15  
Page 11 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
ppm sulfur fuel, consult the engine manufacturer for service in terval 
recommendations . 
Marketers may license products meeting API CJ-4 requirements as  API 
CI-4 with CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, and CH-4. 
4.2.4.4 CI-4 PLUS - 2004 Severe Duty Diesel Engine Service in 
Conjunction with API Service Ca tegory C CI-4, CJ-4, and CK-4  
 
API Service Category CI-4, CJ-4 , and CK-4 engine oils that also  carry the 
classification CI-4 PLUS are formulated to provide a higher lev el of 
protection against soot-related viscosity increase and viscosit y loss due to 
shear in vehicles powered by diesel engines.  Oils that satisfy CI-4 PLUS are superior in performance to thos e meeting 
API CI-4 and CH-4 and can effectively lubricate engines calling  for those 
API Service Categories.  
4.2.4.5   CI-4-2002 Severe D uty Diesel Engine Service  
             
API Service Category CI-4 describes oils for use in high-speed four-stroke 
cycle diesel engines designed to meet 2004 exhaust emission sta ndards 
implemented in 2002. These oils a re intended for use in all app lications 
with diesel fuels ranging in sul fur content up to 0.5% weight.   
 
These oils are specifically formulated to sustain engine durabi lity where 
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is used and the impact of these  oils on 
other supplemental exhaust emission devices has not been determ ined. 
Optimum protection is provided against corrosive and soot-relat ed wear 
tendencies, piston deposits, degr adation of low- and high-tempe rature 
viscometric properties due to so ot accumulation, oxidative thic kening, loss 
of oil consumption control, foaming, degradation of seal materi als, and 
viscosity loss due to shear.  
API CI-4 oils are superior in pe rformance to those meeting API CH-4 and 
may be used in engines calling fo r that API Service Category. M arketers 
may license products meeting API CI-4 requirements as API CH-4.  
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
4.2.4.6   CH-4- 1998 Severe – Duty Diesel Engine Service                
API Service Category CH-4, see Table 3-1 describes oils for use  in high-
speed four-stroke cycle diesel e ngines designed to meet 1998 ex haust 
emissions standards as well as for previous model years. CH-4 o ils are 
specifically compounded for use with diesel fuels ranging in su lfur content 
up to 0.5% weight. 
These oils are especially effective to sustain engine durabilit y even under 
adverse applications that may stress wear control, high-tempera ture 
stability, and soot handling prop erties. In addition, optimum p rotection is 
provided against non-ferrous corrosion, oxidative and insoluble  
thickening, foaming, and vi scosity loss due to shear. 
These oils also have the performance capability to afford a mor e flexible 
approach to oil drain intervals in accordance with the recommen dations of 
the individual engine builders for their specific engines. 
CH-4 oils are superior in performance to those meeting API CF-4  and API 
CG-4 and can effectively lubricate engines calling for those AP I Service 
Categories. 
Note: API Service Category  CH-4  represents the minimum cate gory used in this UAE 
Standard. 
 
5. Characteristics  
        The lubricating oils shall fu lfill the following characteristic s: 
5. 1 they shall be homogeneously mixed, stable, bright and clea r and have 
acceptable odor. 
5. 2 they shall be free from water, sediments, dusts, abrasive matter and 
impurities 
5. 3 To contain some additives, which are added in specific per centage that was 
determined during the developmen t and research process to achie ve the 
performance requirements.  
Page 13 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
5. 4 the additives (item 5.3), to be used shall be completely s oluble in the base 
oil. They shall neither partly pr ecipitate nor separate if the temperature 
raised to 125oC. 
5. 5 the mineral base oils to be used with the additives (item 5.4) shall be 
paraffinic base oils with viscosity index V.I > 90 and conforms  to API 
classification of base oils given in Table 5.   
Recycled base oils can be used i n formulating these lubricants provided 
these base oils are produced by internationally recognized lice nsed 
processes and the base oil products have the  same quality of v irgin Base 
Oils and conform to the API cla ssification of Base oil given in  Table 5.  
5. 6 they shall fulfill the pour p oint and flash point requirem ents of  Table  4. 
5. 7 Quality of lubricants will be   related to certificate of quality from the 
manufacturers and / or suppliers . 
5. 8 The following elements shall be tested (calcium, phosphoro us, zinc, 
Magnesium, Molybdenum) as per t he GSO ASTM D4951 or GSO ASTM 
D5185 test method. Which the concentration of the elements can be used 
to verify the addition of all amounts of additives. Moreover, T otal base 
Number as per GSO ASTM D974 and Sulphated Ash as per GSO ASTM D874 shall be teste d and reported. 
 6 Sampling  
 Samples shall be drawn accordi ng to Standard mentioned in item (2.2). 
 
7     Methods of Testing *  
The following tests shall be carried out according to the perfo rmance and 
application requirement and the representative sample shall be taken in 
accordance with item (6).  
7. 1  Physical & Chemical Tests  
7.1.1  Visual inspection. 7.1.2  Determination of flash point. 7.1.3  Determination of kinema tic viscosity and dynamic viscosi ty. 
7.1.4 Calculation of viscosity index. 7.1.5  Determination of pour point.  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
7.1.6  Determination of phosphorus content. 
7.1.7  Determination of zinc content. 
7.1.8  Determination of calcium content. 7.1.9  Determination of  magnesium content. 
7.1.10  Determination of sulphated ash. 
7.1.11  Determination of nitrogen content. 
7.1.12  Determination of total base number  and total acid number. 
7.1.13   Determination of foami ng characteristics of lubricatin g oils  
7.1.14   Determination of s tability and compatibility. 
7.1.15   Determination of homogenously solubility. 7.1.16   Determination of apparent viscosity. 7.1.17   Determination of pumping viscosity.  
7.1.18    Determination of  Conradson carbon residue. 
7.1.19   Determination of sulfur content. 7.1.20    Determination of High Temp and High Shear Viscosity @  150°C. 
7.1.21   Determination of Evapor ation Loss by the Noack Method.  
*Note: The tests shall be carried out according to the Gulf Standards 
given in item 2 or equivalents and according to international 
standards test methods (ISO or ASTM or IP)  
 
7.2 Engine and Performance Bench Tests: 
 These tests are carried out by the additive manufacturer durin g their 
development process and carried out as per table 2, 3, 6 and 7 in order 
for them to obtain API A pproval/performance level.  
8 Packing 
 Lubricating oils shall be packed in tightly closed and sealed containers 
preventing possibilities of oil leakage or oil contamination wi th any 
impurities; such containers neith er shall affect nor be affecte d by the oil. 
 
9 Labelling  
           The following informati on shall be legibly and indel ibly marked in both 
Arabic and English languages on each container of lubricating o ils. 
9.1    Net volume, in liters. 9.2    Producer’s name or h is registered trade mark. 
9.3    Name of the country of origin.  
Page 15 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
9.4 The classification of oils according to SAE viscosity, and API performance 
(as in item 4 ), and its intended use. 
9.5    Date of production and the batch number 
9.6    Precaution: “Avoid Environmental Pollution. 
 9.7    Base Oil origin: virgin  base oil or recycled. 
 10 Rules for Acceptance and Rejection 10.1 Each consignment of lubricating oils shall be accompanied with an 
acceptable conformity certificate stating its compliance with t his 
Technical Regulation in accordan ce with national assessment of 
conformity scheme of ESMA. 
 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
REFERENCES  
 
 
Main Reference  
 
 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): 
SAE J 300 revised JAN.2015 “Engine  Oil Viscosity Classification ”  
 
 Standard of American Petro leum Institute (API): 
API 1509, “Engine Oil Licensing and certification System” 21th Edition, 
Edition, February 2022   
 
Other References  
 
 American Society for Testi ng and Materials (ASTM), 
ASTM D4485 “Standard Specificati on for Performance of Engine Oi ls” 
 
 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): 
SAE J 304/2016 “Eng ine Oil Tests” 
SAE J 183/2017 “Engine  Oil Performance and Engine Service Oils”  
SAE J 357/2016 “Physical and Chem ical Properties of Engine Oils ” 
 
 
 
   
Page 17 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
 
Annexes 
 
 
Attached Tables 
 
Table (1) SAE Viscosity Gr ades for Engine Oils 
Tables (2) Performance Characteristics of Lubricating Oil for Gasoline Engine 
Tables (3) Performance Characteristics of Lubricating Oil for Diesel Engine 
Table (4) Pour Point and Fl ash Point of Engine Oils 
Table (5) API Classificatio ns of Base Oil Groups 
Table (6) 
 Gasoline Engine oils Classification, Engine Test Requirements and 
ASTM Methods  
Table (7) 
 Diesel Engine oils Classification , Engine Test Requirements and 
ASTM Methods 
Table (8) API “S” (GASOLINE) Service Categories  
Table (9) ILSAC Performance Standards Fo r Passenger Car Engine Oils 
Table (10)  API “C” (DIESEL) Service Categories   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
 
Table 1 
SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils *  
 
SAE 
Viscosity 
Grade 
 Low –temperature (oC) 
Cranking Viscosity (3) 
(mPa.s)  
 C) o Low temperature ( 
 (4) Pumping Viscosity 
(mPa.s)  
with no yield stress  Low-Shear-Rate  
)/s2mm( (5) Viscosity  Kinematic 
Co at 100  High-shear-Rate  
C  o at 150  )s.mPa( )(6 Viscosity    
  
Max. Max.                 Min. Max. Min. 
0 W¨** 6200 at -35  60 000 at -40  3.8  - - 
5 W 6600 at -30  60 000 at -35  3.8  - - 
10 W 7000 at -25  60 000 at -30  4.1  - - 
15 W 7000 at -20  60 000 at -25  5.6  -  -  
20 W 9500 at -15  60 000 at -20  5.6  - - 
25 W 13000 at -10  60 000 at -15  9.3  - -- 
8   4.0 < 6.1 1.7 
12   5.0  < 7.1   2.0 
16   6.1 < 8.2 2.3 
20 -  -  6.9 < 9.3 2.6 
30 -  -  9.3 < 12.5 2.9 
40 -  -  12.5  < 16.3  3.5  
(0W-40, 5W-40 and 10W-40 grades) 
40 -  -  12.5  < 16.3  3.7  
(15W-40,20W-40, 25W-40,40 
monograde) 
50 -  -  16.3  < 21.9  3.7  
60 -  -  21.9 < 26.1 3.7 
(1)    Notes: 1 mPa.s =1 cP;  1 mm2/s = 1 cS 
(2)    All values, with the exception of the low- temperatur e cranking viscosity are critical specification as defined by ASTM D3244  
(3)    ASTM D5293: Cranking viscosity- The non-critical specification protocol in  ASTM D3244 shall be applied with a P value of  0.95.  
(4)    ASTM D4684 : Note   that the presence of any yield stress detectable by  this method constitutes a failure regardless of viscosity. 
(5)    ASTM D445. (6)    ASTM D4683, CEC L-36-A-90 (ASTM D4741), or ASTM D5481.  
*    This document – SAE J300 revision of January 2015;  
* * W: Is symbol for winter 
   
Page 19 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
 
Table 2-0 
API “S” (Gasoline) Service Categories 
Engine and Bench Test Requirement Summary  
 
Test Name ASTM SJ SL SM SN SP Resource 
Conserving  SN PLUS GF-6A GF-6B 
Sequence IIIE D5533 X         
Sequence IIIF D6984 X X        
Sequence IIIG/IIIGA/IIIGB D7320 X X X X  X    
Sequence IIIH/IIIHA/IIIHB D8111   X X X X  X X 
Sequence IVA D6891 X X X X      
Sequence IVB D8350     X X  X X 
Sequence VE D5302 X X        
Sequence VG D6593 X X X X      
Sequence VH D8256 X X X X X   X X 
Sequence VID D7589      X    
Sequence VIE D8114 X X X X X X  X  
Sequence VIF D8226    X X X   X 
CRC L-38 D5119 X         
Sequence VIII D6709 X X X X X   X  
Sequence IX D8291     X  X X X 
Sequence X D8279     X   X X 
Ball Rust Test D6557 X X X X X   X X 
EOFT D6795 X X X X X   X X 
Filterability – EOWTT D6794 X X X X X   X X 
Homogeneity & Miscibility D6922 X X X X X   X X 
TEOST 33/33C D6335 X   X X X  X  
TEOST MHT D7097  X X X 
     
Aged Oil Low Temp.  Vis. 
ROBO  D7528    X X   X X 
Elastomer Compatibility 
Std. Ref. Elastomers  D7216    X X X  X X 
 
 
    GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 2-1 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SJ Engine Test Requirementsa—All Viscosity Grades 
ASTM D5844 (Sequence IID) Limits 
Average engine rust rating  8.5 (min) 
Number stuck lifters None 
Or   
ASTM D6557b (Ball Rust Test) Limits 
Average gray value 100 (min) 
ASTM D5533 (Sequence IIIE) Limits 
Hours to 375% kinematic viscosity increase at 40°C 64 (min) 
Average engine sludge rating 9.2 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish rating 8.9 (min) 
Average oil ring land deposit rating 3.5 (min) 
Lifter sticking None 
Scuffing and wear   
Cam or lifter scuffing None 
Cam plus lifter wear, mm   
Average 30 (max) 
Maximum 64 (max) 
Ring sticking (oil-related) None 
Or   
ASTM D6984 (Sequence IIIF) Limits 
Kinematic viscosity, % increase at 40°C 325 (max) 
Average piston skirt varnish rating 8.5 (min) 
Weighted piston deposit rating 3.2 (min) 
Screened average cam-plus-lifter wear, mm 20 (max) 
Hot stuck rings None 
Or   
ASTM D7320 (Sequence IIIG) Limits 
Kinematic viscosity, % increase at 40°C 150 (max) 
Weighted piston deposit rating 3.5 (min) 
Cam-plus-lifter wear average, µm 60 (max) 
Hot stuck rings None 
Or   
ASTM D8111 (Sequence IIIH 60/70-Hour Guideline) Limits 
60 kinematic viscosity, % increase at 40°C 307 (max) 
70 average weighted piston deposits, merits 2.5 (min) 
70 average piston skirt varnish, merits 7.5 (min) 
 
   
Page 21 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 2-1 (Continues) 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SJ Engine Test Requirementsa—All Viscosity Grades 
ASTM D5302 (Sequence VE) Limits 
Average engine sludge rating 9.0 (min) 
Rocker arm cover sludge rating 7.0 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish rating 6.5 (min) 
Average engine varnish rating 5.0 (min) 
Oil ring clogging, % Report 
Oil screen clogging, % 20.0 (max) 
Compression ring sticking (hot stuck) None 
Cam wear, mm   
Average 127 (max) 
Maximum 380 (max 
ASTM D6891 (Sequence IVA) plus ASTM D6593 (Sequence VGb)  Limits 
Average cam wear, µm 120 
Average engine sludge rating 7.8 (min) 
Rocker arm cover sludge rating 8.0 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish rating 7.5 (min) 
Average engine varnish rating 8.9 (min) 
Oil screen clogging, % 20 (max) 
Hot stuck compression rings None 
Or   
ASTM D6891 (Sequence IVA) plus ASTM D8256 (Sequence VH) Limits 
Average engine sludge, merits 7.4 (min) 
Average rocker cover sludge, merits 7.4 (min) 
Average engine varnish, merits 8.6 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish, merits 7.4 (min) 
Oil screen clogging, % area Rate & report 
Hot stuck compression rings None 
ASTM D5119 (L-38) Limits 
Bearing weight loss, mg 40 (max) 
Shear stability c 
Or   
ASTM D6709 (Sequence VIII) Limits 
Bearing weight loss, mg 26.4 (max) 
Shear stability c  
 
  
 
 
    GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
 
Table 2-1 (Continues)  
API SERVICE CATEGORY SJ Bench Test and 
Measured Parametera
 Viscosity Grade Performance Criteria 
SAE 0W-20, 5W-
20, 5W-30, 10W-30 All Othersd 
ASTM D5800 volatility loss, % maxe 22 20f 
ASTM D6417 volatility loss at 371°C (700°F),% 
maxe
 17 25e
 
ASTM D5480 volatility loss at 371°C (700°F), % 
maxe
 17 15f
 
ASTM D6795, % flow reduction, max 50 50 
ASTM D6794, % flow reduction, max Report 
with 0.6% H 2O Report 
with 1.0% H 2O Report 
with 2.0% H 2O Report 
with 3.0% H 2O Report 
ASTM D4951 or D5185 phosphorus % mass, max 0.10g NR 
ASTM D92 flash point, °C minh 200 NR 
ASTM D93 flash point, °C minh
 185 NR 
ASTM D892 foaming tendency (Option A)     
Sequence I, max, foaming/settlingi 10/0 
Sequence II, max, foaming/settlingi
 50/0 
Sequence III, max, foaming/settlingi
 10/0 
ASTM D6082 (optional blending  required), static  
foam max, tendency/stability 200/50j
 
ASTM D6922, homogeneity and miscibility k 
L-38 or Sequence VIII shear stability l  
ASTM D6335 high temperature deposits (TEOST), 
deposit wt, mg, max 60 
ASTM D5133 gelation index, maxb
 12 NR 
ASTM D4683, D4741, or D5481, High Temp/High 
Shear Viscosity @ 150°C, mPa·s, min NR 2.6 
 
Note: All oils must meet the requirements of the mo st recent edition of SAE J300; NR = Not required. 
a  Tests and limits are per ASTM D4485 
b   If CI-4, CJ-4, CK-4 and/or FA-4 categories precede the “S” category and there is no API Certification Mark, the Sequence 
VG (ASTM D6593), Ball Rust (ASTM D6557), and Gela tion Index (ASTM D5133) tests are not required 
c  Ten-hour stripped kinematic visco sity (oil shall remain in  original viscosity grade). 
d  Does not include SAE 0W-16 and 5W-16. 
e  Volatility requirement shall be met in either Test Method D5800, Test Method D 5480, or Test  Method D6417. A passing 
result in only one of these procedures is required. 
f  Passing volatility loss performance onl y required for SAE 15W-40 oils. 
g  This is a non-critical specification as described in ASTM D3244. 
h  Either Test Method D92 or Test Method D93 flash point requirement shall be met. 
i  Settling volume determined at 10 min. 
j  Settling volume determined at 1 min. 
k  Homogeneous with SAE Reference Oils. 
l  Ten-hour stripped kinematic viscosity must remain in original SAE visco sity grade except XW-20 which must remain ≥5.6 
mm²/s. 
  
Page 23 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 2-2 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SL Engine Test Requirementsa—All Viscosity Grades 
ASTM D6984 (Sequence IIIF) Limits 
Kinematic viscosity, % increase at 40°C 275 (max) 
Average piston skirt varnish rating 9.0 (min) 
Weighted piston deposit rating 4.0 (min) 
Screened average cam-plus-lifter wear, mm 20 (max) 
Hot stuck rings None 
Low temperature viscosity performance Report 
Or 
ASTM D7320 (Sequence IIIG) Limits 
Kinematic viscosity, % increase at 40°C 150 (max) 
Weighted piston deposit rating 3.5 (min) 
Cam-plus-lifter wear average, µm 60 (max) 
Hot stuck rings None 
Low temperature viscosity performance Report 
Or 
ASTM D8111 (Sequence IIIH 70-Hour Guideline) Limits 
70h kinematic viscosity, % increase at 40°C 181 (max) 
70h average weighted piston deposits, merits 3.3 (min) 
70h average piston skirt varnish, merits 7.9 (min) 
ASTM D6891 (Sequence IVA) Limits 
Average cam wear (7 position avg.), μm 120 (max) 
ASTM D5302 (Sequence VE)b Limits 
Average cam wear, μm 127 (max) 
Cam wear, μm 380 (max) 
ASTM D6593 (Sequence VGc) Limits 
Average engine sludge rating 7.8 (min) 
Rocker arm cover sludge rating 8.0 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish rating 7.5 (min) 
Average engine varnish rating 8.9 (min) 
Oil screen clogging, % 20 (max) 
Hot stuck compression rings None 
Cold stuck rings Report 
Oil screen debris, % Report 
Oil ring clogging, % Report 
Or 
ASTM D8256 (Sequence VH) Limits 
Average engine sludge, merits 7.4 (min) 
Average rocker cover sludge, merits 7.4 (min) 
Average engine varnish, merits 8.6 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish, merits 7.4 (min) 
Oil screen clogging, % area Rate & report 
Hot stuck compression rings None 
ASTM D6709 (Sequence VIII) Limits 
Bearing weight loss, mg 26.4 (max) 
Shear stability e 
 
  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 2-2 (Continues)  
API SERVICE CATEGORY SL Bench Test and Measured 
Parametera
 Viscosity Grade Performance Criteria 
SAE 0W-20, 5W-
20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 
10W-30 All Otherse
 
ASTM D6557 (Ball Rust Test), avg. gray value, mine
 100 
ASTM D5800 volatility loss, % max 15 
ASTM D6417 volatility loss at 371°C (700°F), % max 10 
ASTM D6795, % flow reduction, max 50 
ASTM D6794, % flow reduction, max   
with 0.6% H 2O 50 
with 1.0% H 2O 50 
with 2.0% H 2O 50 
with 3.0% H 2O 50 
ASTM D4951 or D5185 phosphorus % mass, maxf 10g NR 
ASTM D892 foaming tendency (Option A)     
Sequence I, max, foaming/settlingh 10/0 
Sequence II, max, foaming/settlingh
 50/0 
Sequence III, max, foaming/settlingh
 10/0 
ASTM  D6082  (optional  blending  required),  static  foam  max, 
tendency/stabilityi 100/0 
ASTM D6922, homogeneity and miscibility j 
ASTM D6709, (Sequence VIII) shear stability k  
ASTM D7097, high temperature deposits (TEOST MHT), deposit 
wt, mg, max 45 
ASTM D5133 gelation index, maxb
 12l
 NR 
ASTM D4683, D4741 or D5481, High Temp./High  Shear Viscosity 
@ 150°C, mPa·s, min NR 2.6 
a  Tests and limits are per ASTM D4485 
b  Not required for oils containi ng a minimum of 0.08 % mass phosphorus in the form of ZDDP. 
c  If CI-4, CJ-4, CK-4 and/or FA-4 categories precede the “S” cat egory and there is no API Certification Mark, the Sequence VG (AS TM D6593), 
Ball Rust (ASTM D6557), and Gelation Index (ASTM D5133) tests are not required. 
d  Tests and limits are per ASTM D4485 
e  Does not include SAE 0W-16 and 5W-16. 
f For all viscosity grades: If CH-4, CI-4, and CJ-4 categories pr ecede the “S” category and there is no API Certification Mark, t he limit for 
phosphorus does not apply.   However, the CJ-4 limits for phosphor us and sulfur do apply for CJ-4 oils.   This footnote cannot be applied if CK-
4 or FA-4 is also claimed. Note that these oils have been fo rmulated primarily for diesel engi nes and may not provide all of th e performance 
requirements consistent with vehicle manufact urers' recommendations fo r gasoline-fueled engines. 
g  This is a non-critical specification as described in ASTM D3244. 
h  Settling volume determined at 10 min. 
i  Settling volume determined at 1 min. 
j Homogeneous with SAE Reference Oils. 
k Ten-hour stripped kinematic viscosity must remain in original SAE visco sity grade except XW-20 which must remain ≥5.6 mm²/s. 
l  For gelation temperatures at or  above the W-grade pumpability temper atures as defined in SAE J300.  
Page 25 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 2-3 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SM Engine Test 
Requirementsa Viscosity Grade Performance 
Requirements 
SAE 0W-20, 5W-
20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 
10W-30 All Othersb 
ASTM D7320 (Sequence IIIG) Limit 
Kinematic viscosity increase @ 40°C, % 150 (max) 
Average weighted piston deposits, merits 3.5 (min) 
Hot stuck rings None 
Average cam plus lifter wear, μm 60 (max) 
Or 
ASTM D8111 (Sequence IIIH) Limit 
Kinematic viscosity increase @ 40°C, % 150 (max) 
Average weighted piston deposits, merits 3.2 (min) 
Hot stuck rings None 
ASTM D4684 (Sequence  IIIGA), ASTM D8111 (Sequence 
IIIHA) or ASTM D7528 (ROBO) Limit 
Evaluate  EOT  oil  from  ASTM  Sequence  IIIGA,  
Sequence IIIHA, or ROBO test with ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) ASTM D4684 
viscosity of EOT 
sample must meet 
requirements of 
original grade or 
next higher grade NR 
ASTM D6891 (Sequence IVA) Limit 
Average cam wear (7 position avg.), μm 90 (max) 
ASTM D6593 (Sequence VG)c Limit 
Average engine sludge, merits 7.8 (min) 
 NR Average rocker cover sludge, merits 8.0 (min) 
Average engine varnish, merits 8.9 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish, merits 7.5 (min) 
Oil screen sludge, % area 20 (max) 
Oil screen debris, % area Rate & report 
Hot-stuck compression rings None 
Cold stuck rings Rate & report 
Oil ring clogging, % area Rate & report 
Follower pin wear, cyl #8, avg, μm Rate & reportd 
Ring gap increase, cyl #1 and #8, avg, μm Rate & reportd
 
Or 
ASTM D8256 (Sequence VH) Limit 
Average engine sludge, merits 7.4 
Average rocker cover sludge, merits 7.4 
Average engine varnish, merits 8.6 
Average piston skirt varnish, merits 7.6 
Oil screen clogging, % area Rate & report 
Hot stuck compression rings None 
ASTM D6709 (Sequence VIII) Limit 
Bearing weight loss, mg 26 (max) 
 
  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 2-3 (Continues) 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SM Bench Test and Measured Parametera
 Viscosity Grade Performance Requirements 
SAE 0W-20, 5W-20, 
0W-30, 5W-30, 10W-30 All Othersb
 
ASTM D6557 (Ball Rust Test), avg. gray value, minc
 100 
ASTM D5800, evaporation loss, 1 hour at 250°C, % maxe 15 
ASTM D6417, simulated distillation at 371°C, % max 10 
ASTM D6795, EOFT, % flow reduction, max 50 
ASTM D6794, EOWTT, % flow reduction, max   
with 0.6% H 2O 50 
with 1.0% H 2O 50 
with 2.0% H 2O 50 
with 3.0% H 2O 50 
ASTM D4951 or D5185, phosphorus % mass, max f 0.08f
 NR 
ASTM D4951 or D5185, phosphorus % mass, min f
 0.06g 
ASTM D4951, D5185, or D2622, sulfur % mass, max f
     
SAE 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20 and 5W-30 0.5g
 NR 
SAE 10W-30 0.7g
 NR 
ASTM D892 (Option A), foaming tendency     
Sequence I, mL, max, tendency/stability h 10/0 
Sequence II, mL, max, tendency/stability h
 50/0 
Sequence III, mL, max, tendency/stability h
 10/0 
ASTM D6082 (Option A), high-temperature foaming, mL, max, 
tendency/stability i 100/0 
ASTM D6922, homogeneity and miscibility j 
ASTM D6709, (Sequence VIII) shear stability k  
ASTM D7097, TEOST MHT, high temperature deposits, deposit wt, 
mg, max f
 35 45 
ASTM D5133, gelation index, max c
 12l
 NR 
ASTM D4683, D4741 or D5481, High Temp./High Shear Viscosity @ 
150°C, mPa·s, min. NR 2.6 
 
a  Tests and limits are per ASTM D4485. 
b  Does not include SAE 0W-16 and 5W-16. 
c  If CI-4, CJ-4, CK-4 and/or FA-4 categories precede the “S” cat egory and there is no API Certification Mark, the Sequence VG (AS TM D6593), Ball Rust 
(ASTM D6557), and Gelation Index (AST M D5133) tests are not required. 
d ASTM Surveillance Panel will review statistics annually. 
e  Calculated conversions specified in ASTM D5800 are allowed. 
f  For all viscosity grades: If CH-4, CI-4 and/or CJ-4 categorie s precede the "S" category and there is no API Certification Mark,  the “S” category limits for 
phosphorus, sulfur, and the TEOST MHT do not apply. However, t he CJ-4 limits for phosphorus and sulfur do apply for CJ-4 oils. This footnote cannot be 
applied if CK-4 or FA-4 is also claimed. Note that these “C ” category oils have been formulat ed primarily for diesel engines an d may not provide all of the 
performance requirements consistent with vehicle manufacturers' recomm endations for gasoline-fueled engines. 
g  This is a non-critical specification as described in ASTM D3244. 
h  After 10-minute settling period. 
i  After 1-minute settling period. 
j  Shall remain homogenous and, when mixed with AST M reference oils, shall remain miscible. 
k  Ten-hour stripped kinematic viscosity must remain in original SAE visco sity grade except XW-20 which must remain ≥5.6 mm²/s. 
l  To be evaluated from –5 ˚C to temperature at which 40,000 cP is attained or –40 ˚C, or 2 Celsius degrees below the appropriate MRV TP-1 temperature 
(defined by SAE J300), whic hever occurs first. 
  
Page 27 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 2-4 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SN/SN-RC/SN 
Plus/SN Plus-RC Engine Test Requirementsa
 API SN API SN API SN with 
“Resource 
Conserving” 
SAE 0W-16, 5W-16, 0W-20, 
5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 
10W-30 Other 
Viscosity 
Grades All Viscosity Grades 
ASTM D7320 (Sequence IIIG) Limits 
Kinematic viscosity increase @ 40°C, % 150 (max) 
Average weighted piston deposits, merits 4.0 (min) 
Hot stuck rings None 
Average cam plus lifter wear, μm 60 (max) 
Or 
ASTM D8111 (Sequence IIIH) Limits 
Kinematic viscosity increase @ 40°C, % 150 (max) 
Average weighted piston deposits, merits 3.7 (min) 
Hot stuck rings None 
ASTM D6891 (Sequence IVA) Limits 
Average cam wear (7 position avg), μm 90 (max) 
ASTM D6593 (Sequence VG)b
 Limits 
Average engine sludge, merits 8.0 (min) 
Average rocker cover sludge, merits 8.3 (min) 
Average engine varnish, merits 8.9 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish, merits 7.5 (min) 
Oil screen sludge, % area 15 (max) 
Oil screen debris, % area Rate & report 
Hot-stuck compression rings None 
Cold stuck rings Rate & report 
Oil ring clogging, % area Rate & report 
Or 
ASTM D8256 (Sequence VH) Limits 
Average engine sludge, merits 7.6 (min) 
Average rocker cover sludge, merits 7.7 (min) 
Average engine varnish, merits 8.6 (min) 
Average piston skirt varnish, merits 7.6 (min) 
Oil screen clogging, % area Rate & report 
Hot stuck compression rings None 
 
 
 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 2-4 (Continues) 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SN/SN-RC/SN 
Plus/SN Plus-RC Engine Test Requirementsa
 API SN API SN API SN with 
“Resource 
Conserving” 
SAE 0W-16, 5W-16, 0W-20, 
5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 
10W-30 Other 
Viscosity 
Grades All Viscosity Grades 
ASTM D7589 (Sequence VID)c
 Limits 
SAE XW-16 viscosity grade 
NR   
FEI SUM, %min 2.80 
FEI 2, % min after 100 hours aging 1.30 
SAE XW-20 viscosity grade   
FEI SUM, %min 2.6 
FEI 2, % min after 100 hours aging 1.2 
SAE XW-30 viscosity grade   
FEI SUM, %min 1.9 
FEI 2, % min after 100 hours aging 0.9 
SAE 10W-30 and all other viscosity 
grades not listed above   
FEI SUM, %min 1.5 
FEI 2, % min after 100 hours aging 0.6 
Or 
ASTM D8114 (Sequence VIE)c
 Limits 
SAE XW-20 viscosity grade 
NR   
FEI SUM, %min 3.2 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging 1.5 
SAE XW-30 viscosity grade   
FEI SUM, %min 2.5 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging 1.2 
SAE 10W-30 and all other viscosity 
grades not listed above   
FEI SUM, %min 2.2 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging 1.0 
ASTM D8226 (Sequence VIF) Limits 
SAE XW-16 viscosity grade 
NR   
FEI SUM, %min 3.7 
FEI 2, % min after 100 hours aging 1.8 
ASTM D6709 (Sequence VIII) Limits 
Bearing weight loss, mg 26 (max) 
ASTM D8291 (Sequence IX)d - SN Plus  Limits 
Average number of events 5 (max)d
 
 
   
Page 29 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 2-4 (Continues) 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SN/SN-RC/SN 
Plus/SN Plus-RC Bench Test and Measured 
Parametera
 API SN API SN API SN with “Resource 
Conserving” 
SAE 0W-16, 5W-16, 0W-20, 
5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 10W-30 Other Viscosity 
Grades All Viscosity Grades 
Aged oil low-temperature viscosity a)      If CCS vi scosity measured is less than or equal to maximum CCS 
viscosity specified for original viscos ity grade, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) at 
MRV temperature specified in SAE J 300 for original viscosity grade. 
b)  If CCS viscosity measured is higher  than maximum viscosity specified for 
original viscosity grade in J300, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) at 5°C higher 
temperature (i.e., at MRV temperatur e specified in SAE J300 for next higher 
viscosity grade). 
c)  EOT IIIGA sample must show no yield stress in D4684 test and its D4684 
viscosity must be below maximum specif ied in SAE J300 for original viscosity 
grade or next higher viscosity grade, depending on CCS viscosity grade, as outlined in a) or b) above. 
d)  If CCS viscosity measured is less than or equal to maximum CCS viscosity 
specified for original viscosity gra de, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) at the 
MRV temperature specified in SAE J 300 for original viscosity grade. 
e)   If CCS viscosity measured is higher  than maximum viscosity specified for 
original viscosity grade in J300, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) at 5°C higher 
temperature (i.e., at MRV temperatur e specified in SAE J300 for next higher 
viscosity grade). f)  EOT ROBO sample must show no yield stress in D4684 test and its D4684 
viscosity must be below maximum specif ied in SAE J300 for original viscosity 
grade or next higher viscosity grade, depending on CCS viscosity grade, as outlined in a) or b) above. ASTM D7320, (Sequence IIIGA), aged oil low- temperature viscosity
e
 
Or 
ASTM D7528, (ROBO Test), aged oil low-temperature viscosity
e
 
ASTM D7320, (Sequen ce IIIGB) phosphorus 
retention, % min NR 
Or 
ASTM D8111, (Sequen ce IIIHB) phosphorus 
retention, % min NR 81 
ASTM D4683, D4741 or D5481, High 
Temp./High Shear Viscosity @ 150°C, mPa·s, min 2.3 2.6 2.3 
ASTM D6557 (Ball Rust Test), avg. gray 
value, minb
 100 
ASTM D5800, evaporation loss, 1 hour at 250°C, % max
f
 15 
ASTM D6417, simulated distillation at 371°C, % max 10 
ASTM D6795, EOFT, % flow reduction, max 50 
ASTM D6794, EOWTT, % flow reduction, max   
with 0.6% H 2O 50 
with 1.0% H 2O 50 
with 2.0% H 2O 50 
with 3.0% H 2O 50 
 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 2-4 (Continues) 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SN/SN-RC/SN 
Plus/SN Plus-RC Bench Test and Measured 
Parametera
 API SN API SN API SN with 
“Resource 
Conserving” 
SAE 0W-16, 5W-16, 0W-20, 
5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 10W-30 Other Viscosity 
Grades All Viscosity Grades 
ASTM D4951 or D5185, phosphorus % 
mass, maxg 0.08g
 NR 0.08h
 
ASTM D4951 or D5185, phosphorus % 
mass, ming
 0.06h
 
ASTM D4951, D5185 or D2622, sulfur % mass, max
g
  
SAE 0W-16, 5W-16, 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20 and 5W-30 0.5
g
 NR 0.5g
 
SAE 10W-30 0.6g
 NR 0.6g
 
All other viscosity grades NR 0.6g
 
ASTM D892 (Option A), foaming tendency       
Sequence I, mL, max, 
tendency/stability 10/0i
 
Sequence II, mL, max, 
tendency/stability 50/0i
 
Sequence III, mL, max, 
tendency/stability 10/0i
 
ASTM D6082 (Option A), high-temperature 
foaming mL, max, tendency/stabilityi
 100/0 
ASTM D6922, homogeneity and miscibility k 
ASTM D6709, (Sequence VIII) shear stability l  
ASTM D7097, TEOST  MHT, high-
temperature  deposits, deposit wt, mg, maxg
 35 45 35 
ASTM D5133, gelation index, maxb
 12m NR 12m
 
ASTM D6335, TEOST 33C, high-temperature deposits, total deposit weight, mg, max       
SAE XW-16 NR 
SAE 0W-20 NR 
All other viscosity grades NR 
ASTM D7563, emulsion retention NR No water 
separation 
a  Tests are per ASTM requirements. 
b  If CI-4, CJ-4, CK-4 and/or FA-4 categories precede the “S” cat egory and there is no API Certification Mark, the Sequence VG (AS TM D6593) or Sequence VH 
(ASTM D8256), Ball Rust (ASTM D6557), and Gelation Index (ASTM D5133) test s are not required. 
c  Viscosity grades are limited to 0W, 5W and 10W multigrade oils. 
d Required only for oils claiming to meet API SN with SN PLUS or API SN  with SN PLUS and “Resource Conserving”. 
e  Not required for monograde and 15W, 20W, and 25W multigrade oils. 
f  Calculated conversions specified in ASTM D5800 are allowed. 
g  For all viscosity grades: If CH-4, CI-4 and/or CJ-4 categorie s precede the "S" category and there is no API Certification Mark,  the “S” category limits for 
phosphorus, sulfur, and the TEOST MHT do not apply. However, t he CJ-4 limits for phosphorus and sulfur do apply for CJ-4 oils. This footnote cannot be 
applied if CK-4 or FA-4 is also claimed. Note that these “C ” category oils have been formulat ed primarily for diesel engines an d may not provide all of the 
performance requirements consistent with vehicle manufacturers' recomm endations for gasoline-fueled engines. 
h  This is a non-critical specification as described in ASTM D3244. 
i  After 1-minute settling period. 
j  After 10-minute settling period. 
k  Shall remain homogenous and, when mixed with AST M reference oils, shall remain miscible. 
l  Ten-hour stripped kinemat ic viscosity must remain in  original SAE viscosity grade. 
m  To be evaluated from –5 ˚C to temperature at which 40,000 cP is attained or –40 ˚C, or 2 Celsius degrees below the appropriate MRV TP-1 temperature 
(defined by SAE J300), whic hever occurs first. 
  
Page 31 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 2-4 (Continues) 
ASTM D7216, elastomer compatibility 
Candidate oil testing for elastomer compatibility shall be perfo rmed using the five Standard Reference Elastomers (SREs) 
referenced herein and defined in SAE J2643.  Candidate  oil  te sting  shall  be performed according to ASTM D7216 Annex 
A2, The post-candidate-oil-immersion el astomers shall conform to the s pecification limits detailed herein 
Elastomer Material (SAE J2643) Test Proc edure Material Property Units Limits 
Polyacrylate Rubber (ACM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 9 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -10, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -40, 40 
Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 10 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -10, 5 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -20, 15 
Silicone Rubber (VMQ-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 40 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -30, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -50, 5 
Fluorocarbon Rubber (FKM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -2, 3 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -6, 6 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -65, 10 
Ethylene Acrylic Rubber (AEM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 30 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -20, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -30, 30 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 2-5 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SP/SP-RC Engine Test Requirementsa
 API SP API SP API SP with 
“Resource 
Conserving” 
SAE 0W-16, 5W-
16, 0W-20, 5W-20, 
0W-30, 5W-30, 
10W-30 Other Viscosity 
Grades All Viscosity 
Grades 
ASTM D8111 (Sequence IIIH) Limits 
Kinematic viscosity increase @ 40°C, %, max  100 
Average weighted piston deposits, merits, min  4.2 
Hot stuck rings  None 
ASTM D8350 (Sequence IVB) Limits 
Average intake lifter volume loss (8 position avg), mm3, max  2.7 
End of test iron, ppm, max  400 
ASTM D8256 (Sequence VH)b Limits 
Average engine sludge, merits, min  7.6 
Average rocker cover sludge, merits, min  7.7 
Average engine varnish, merits, min  8.6 
Average piston skirt varnish, merits, min  7.6 
Oil screen sludge, % area  Rate & report 
Oil screen debris, % area  Rate & report 
Hot-stuck compression rings  None 
Cold stuck rings  Rate & report 
Oil screen clogging, % area  Rate & report 
ASTM D8114 (Sequence VIE)c Limits 
SAE XW-20 viscosity grade        
FEI SUM, % min NR 3.8 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging 1.8 
SAE XW-30 viscosity grade        
FEI SUM, % min - - 3.1 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging - - 1.5 
SAE 10W-30 and all other viscosi ty grades not listed above       
FEI SUM, % min - - 2.8 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging - - 1.3 
ASTM D8226 (Sequence VIF) Limits 
SAE XW-16 viscosity grade        
FEI SUM, % min - - 4.1 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging - - 1.9 
ASTM D6709 (Sequence VIII) Limits 
Bearing weight loss, mg, max       
SAE XW-16 NR 
All other viscosity grades 26 
ASTM D8291 (Sequence IX) Limits 
Average number of events for four iterations, max 5 
Number of events per iteration, max 8 
ASTM D8279 (Sequence X) Limits 
% increase, max 0.085 
 
   
Page 33 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 2-5 (Continues) 
API SERVICE CATEGORY  SP/SP-RC Bench Test 
and Measured Parametera
 API SP API SP API SP with “Resource 
Conserving” 
SAE 0W-16, 5W-16, 0W-20, 
5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 10W-30 Other Viscosity 
Grades All Viscosity Grades 
Aged oil low-temperature viscosit y a)If CCS viscosity measured is less than or equal to maximum CCS 
viscosity specified for original vi scosity grade, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-
1) at MRV temperature specified in SAE J300 for original viscosity grade. 
b)If CCS viscosity measured is higher than maximum viscosity specified  
for  the  original  viscosity  grade  in  J300,  run  ASTM D4684  (MRV  TP-1)  at  5°C  higher  temperature  (i.e .,  at  MRV temperature  specified  in  
SAE  J300  for  next  higher  viscosity grade). 
c)EOT ROBO sample must show no yield stress in D4684 test and its D4684 viscosity must be below maximum specified in SAE J300 for original viscosity grade or next higher viscos ity grade, depending on CCS viscosity 
grade, as outlined in a) or b) above. 
d)If CCS viscosity measured is less than or equal to maximum CCS viscosity specified for original vi scosity grade, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-
1) at MRV temperature specified in SAE J300 for original viscosity grade. 
e)If CCS viscosity measured is higher than maximum viscosity specified for 
original viscosity grade in J300, run ASTM D4684 (MRV   TP-1)   at   5°C   
higher   temperature   (i.e.,   at   MR V temperature  specified  in  SAE  J300  
for  next  higher  viscosity grade). 
f)EOT ROBO sample must show no yield stress in D4684 test and its 
D4684 viscosity must be below maximum specified in SAE J300 for original viscosity grade or next higher viscos ity grade, depending on CCS viscosity 
grade, as outlined in d) or e) above. ASTM    D8111,    (Sequence    IIIHA ),    aged    oil   
low- temperature viscosityd 
Measure aged oil low temperature viscosity on 
final formulation   (pursuant   to   existing   read   across described  in  Annex  F)—this  includes  base  oil and additive   combination   being   
licensed—for   each viscosity grade by either IIIHA 
or ROBO  Measure  CCS  viscosity  of  EOT  IIIHA  or  ROBO 
sample   at   CCS   temperature   corresponding   to 
original viscosity grade 
  
Or 
  
ASTM D7528, (ROBO Test), aged oil low-temperature viscosity
d
 
Measure aged oil low temperature viscosity on 
final formulation   (pursuant   to   existing   read   
across described  in  Annex  F)—this  includes  
base  oil and additive   combination   being   licensed—for   each viscosity grade by either IIIHA or ROBO 
Measure  CCS  viscosity  of  EOT  IIIHA  or  
ROBO sample   at   CCS   temperature   corresponding   to original viscosity grade 
ASTM D8111, (Sequen ce IIIHB) phosphorus 
retention, % min NR 
ASTM  D4683,  D4741,  or  D5481,  High  
Temp./High  Shear Viscosity @ 150°C, mPa·s, min 2.3 
ASTM D6557 (Ball Rust Test), avg. gray value, 
minb
 100.0 
ASTM D5800, evaporation loss, 1 hour at 250°C,% max
e 15.0 
 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
 
 
Table 2-5 (Continues) 
API SERVICE CATEGORY SP/SP-RC Bench Test and Measured Parameter
a
 API SP API SP API SP with “Resource 
Conserving” 
SAE 0W-16, 5W-16, 0W-20, 
5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 10W-
30 Other Viscosity 
Grades All Viscosity Grades 
ASTM D6795, EOFT, % flow reduction, max 50.0 
ASTM D6794, EOWTT, % flow reduction, 
max   
with 0.6% H 2O 50.0 
with 1.0% H 2O 50.0 
with 2.0% H 2O 50.0 
with 3.0% H 2O 50.0 
ASTM D4951 or D5185, phosphorus %mass, 
maxf 0.08g
 NR 0.08g
 
ASTM D4951 or D5185, phosphorus %mass, 
minf
 0.06g
 
ASTM D4951, D5185, or D2622, sulfur %mass, 
maxf
       
SAE 0W-16, 5W-16, 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20 and 5W-30 0.5
f
 NR 0.5f
 
SAE 10W-30 0.6f
 NR 0.6f
 
All other viscosity grades NR NR 0.6f
 
ASTM D892 (Option A and excluding 
paragraph 11), foaming tendency       
Sequence I, mL, max, tendency/stability 10/0h 10/0i 10/0h
 
Sequence II, mL, max, tendency/stability 50/0h
 50/0i
 50/0h
 
Sequence III, mL, max, tendency/stability 10/0h
 10/0i
 10/0h
 
ASTM D6082 (Option A), high-temperature 
foaming mL, max, tendency/stabilityh
 100/0 100/0 100/0 
ASTM D6922, homogeneity and miscibility j  j  j  
ASTM D6709, (Sequence VIII) shear stability       
XW-16 NR NR NR 
All other viscosity grades Stay in gradek
 Stay in gradek
 Stay in gradek
 
ASTM D6278, (Diesel Injector) shear 
stability, KV@100°C after 30 passes, min       
XW-16 5.8 5.8 5.8 
All other viscosity grades NR NR NR 
ASTM D5133, gelation index, maxb
 12l
 NR 12l
 
ASTM D6335, TEOST 33C, high-temperature 
deposits, total deposit weight, mg, max       
SAE XW-16 NR NR NR 
SAE 0W-20 NR NR NR 
All other viscosity grades NR NR 30 
ASTM D7563, emulsion retention NR NR No water separation 
 
  
Page 35 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
 
 
Table 2-5 (Continues) 
a  Tests are per ASTM requirements. 
b  If CI-4, CJ-4, CK-4 and/or FA-4 categories precede the “S” category and there is no API Certification 
Mark, the Sequence VH (ASTM D8256), Ball Rust ( ASTM D6557), and Gelation Index (ASTM D5133) tests 
are not required. 
c  Viscosity grades are limited to 0W, 5W and 10W multigrade oils. 
d  Not required for monograde and 15W, 20W, and 25W multigrade oils. 
e  Calculated conversions specifie d in ASTM D5800 are allowed. 
f  For all viscosity grades: If CH-4, CI-4 and/or CJ-4 categories precede the "S" category and there is no API 
Certification Mark, the “S” category limits for phosphorus and sulfur do not apply. However, the CJ-4 limits for phosphorus and sulfur do apply for CJ-4 oils, and the phosphorus limit in the “SP with “Resource 
Conserving”” column (0.08% mass maximum) applies when CK-4 with SP or FA-4 with SP is claimed. Note 
that these “C” category oils have been formulated primar ily for diesel engines and may not provide all of the 
performance requirements consistent with vehicl e manufacturers' recommendations for gasoline-fueled 
engines. 
g  This is a non-critical specific ation as described in ASTM D3244. 
h  After 1-minute settling period. 
i  After 10-minute settling period. 
j  Shall remain homogenous and, when mixed with ASTM reference oils, shall remain miscible. 
k  Ten-hour stripped kinematic viscosity must re main in original SAE viscosity grade. 
l  To be evaluated from –5 ˚C to temperature at which 40,000 cP is attained or –40 ˚C, or 2 Celsius degrees 
below the appropriate MRV TP-1 temperature (d efined by SAE J300), whichever occurs first. 
ASTM D7216, elastomer compatibility 
Candidate oil testing for elastomer compatibility shall be perfo rmed using the five Standard Reference Elastomers (SREs) 
referenced herein and defined in SAE J2643. Candidate oil test ing shall be performed according to ASTM D7216 Annex A2, 
The post-candidate-oil-immersion elas tomers shall conform to the s pecification limits detailed herein 
Elastomer Material (SAE J2643) Test Proc edure Material Property Units Limits 
Polyacrylate Rubber (ACM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 9 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -10, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -40, 40 
Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 10 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -10, 5 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -20, 15 
Silicone Rubber (VMQ-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 40 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -30, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -50, 5 
Fluorocarbon Rubber (FKM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -2, 3 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -6, 6 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -65, 10 
Ethylene Acrylic Rubber (AEM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 30 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -20, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -30, 30 
 
 
  
 
  
  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 2-6 
 
ILSAC GF-6A/B Passenger Car Engine Oil Standard - Engine 
Test Requirements ILSAC GF-6A ILSAC GF-6B 
Oils shall meet all requirements 
of SAE J300. Viscosity grades 
are limited to SAE 0W, 5W, and 
10W multigrade oils. Oils shall meet all requirements 
of SAE J300. Viscosity grades 
are limited to SAE 0W-16 oils. 
ASTM D8111 (Sequence IIIH) 
Kinematic viscosity increase @ 40°C, %, max  100 
Average weighted piston deposits, merits, min  4.2 
Hot stuck rings  None 
ASTM D8350 (Sequence IVB) 
Average intake lifter volume loss (8 position avg), mm3, max  2.7 
End of test iron, ppm, max  400 
ASTM D8256 (Sequence VH) 
Average engine sludge, merits, min  7.6 
Average rocker cover sludge, merits, min  7.7 
Average engine varnish, merits, min  8.6 
Average piston skirt varnish, merits, min  7.6 
Oil screen sludge, % area  Rate & report 
Oil screen debris, % area  Rate & report 
Hot-stuck compression rings  None 
Cold stuck rings  Rate & report 
Oil screen clogging, % area  Rate & report 
ASTM D8114 (Sequence VIE) 
SAE XW-20 viscosity grade      
FEI SUM, % min 3.8 Not applicable 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging 1.8 Not applicable 
SAE XW-30 viscosity grade      
FEI SUM, % min 3.1 Not applicable 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging 1.5 Not applicable 
SAE 10W-30 and all other viscosi ty grades not  listed above     
FEI SUM, % min 2.8 Not applicable 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging 1.3 Not applicable 
ASTM D8226 (Sequence VIF) 
SAE XW-16 viscosity grade      
FEI SUM, % min Not applicable 4.1 
FEI 2, % min after 125 hours aging Not applicable 1.9 
ASTM D6709 (Sequence VIII) 
Bearing weight loss, mg, max 26 NR 
ASTM D8291 (Sequence IX) 
Average number of events for four iterations, max 5 
Number of events per iteration, max 8 
ASTM D8279 (Sequence X) 
% increase, max 0.085 
  
Page 37 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 2-6 (Continues) 
 
ILSAC GF-6A/B Passenger Car Engine Oil Standard - 
Bench Test Requirements ILSAC GF-6A ILSAC GF-6B 
Oils shall meet all requirements of 
SAE J300. Viscosity grades are 
limited to SAE 0W, 5W, and 10W 
multigrade oils.  Oils shall meet all requirements of 
SAE J300. Viscosity grades are 
limited to SAE 0W-16 oils. 
Catalyst compatibility   
ASTM D4951 or D5185, phosphorus % mass, max 0.08 
ASTM D8111, (Sequence IIIHB) phosphorus 
retention, % min 81 
ASTM D4951, D5185, or D2622, sulfur % mass, max    
SAE 0W and 5W multigrades 0.5 Not applicable 
SAE 10W-30 0.6 Not applicable 
SAE 0W-16   0.5 
Wear   
ASTM D4951 or D5185, phosphorus % mass, min  0.06 
Volatility   
ASTM D5800, evaporation loss, 1 hour at 250°C,% 
max 15.0 
ASTM D6335, TEOST 33C, high-temperature deposits, 
total 
deposit weight, mg, max Note: No TEOST 33C limit for SAE 0W-20. 30 NR 
Filterability   
ASTM D6794, EOWTT, % flow reduction, max 
 Note: Test formulation with highest additive (DI/VI) concentration.  Read across results to all other base oil/viscosity grade formulations 
using same or lower concentration of identical additive (DI/VI) combination.  Each different DI/VI combination must be tested. 
with 0.6% H 2O 50 
with 1.0% H 2O 50 
with 2.0% H 2O 50 
with 3.0% H 2O 50 
ASTM D6795, EOFT, % flow reduction, max 50 
Fresh oil foaming characteristics   
ASTM D892 (Option A and excluding paragraph 11),   
foaming tendency     
Sequence I, mL, max, tendency/stability 10/0 
Sequence II, mL, max, tendency/stability 50/0 
Sequence III, mL, max, tendency/stability 10/0 
ASTM D6082 (Option A), Fresh oil high temperature 
foaming characteristics foaming mL, max 100/0 
Tendency 100 
Stability after 1-minute settling 0 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
 
 
Table 2-6 (Continues)   
ILSAC GF-6A/B Passenger Car Engine Oil 
Standard - Bench Test Requirements ILSAC GF-6A ILSAC GF-6B 
Oils shall meet all requirements of SAE J300. 
Viscosity grades are limited to SAE 0W, 5W, 
and 10W multigrade oils. Oils shall meet all requirements 
of SAE J300. Viscosity grades 
are limited to SAE 0W-16 oils. 
Aged oil low temperature viscosity ASTM D7528, (ROBO Test), aged oil low-temperature viscosity 
Measure aged oil low temperature viscosity on final 
formulation (pursuant to existing read across described in Annex F) - this includes base oil and 
additive combination being licensed for each viscosity 
grade by either ROBO or IIIHA.  Measure CCS viscosity of EOT ROBO or IIIHA sample at CCS temperature corresponding to original viscosity grade. a)    If CCS viscosity measured is less than or equal to the maximum CCS 
viscosity specified for the original viscosity grade, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) at the MRV temperature specified in SAE J300 for the original viscosity grade. 
b)    If CCS viscosity measured is higher than the maximum viscosity specified for 
the original viscosity grade in J300, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) at 5°C higher 
temperature (i.e., at MRV temperature specified in SAE J300 for the next higher 
viscosity grade).  
c)    EOT ROBO sample must show no yield stress in the D4684 test and its D4684 viscosity must be below the maximum specified in SAE J300 for the original viscosity grade or the next higher viscosity grade, depending on the CCS viscosity grade, as outlined in a) or b) 
above.
 
Or ASTM D8111, (Sequence IIIHA), aged oil low- temperature viscosity 
d)    If CCS viscosity measured is less than or equal to the maximum CCS 
viscosity specified for the original viscosity grade, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) at the MRV temperature specified in SAE J300 for the original viscosity grade. 
e)    If CCS viscosity measured is higher than the maximum viscosity specified for 
the original viscosity grade in J300, run ASTM D4684 (MRV TP-1) at 5°C higher 
temperature (i.e., at MRV temperature specified in SAE J300 for the next higher 
viscosity grade).  
f)     EOT IIIHA sample must show no yield stress in the D4684 test and its D4684 viscosity must be below the maximum specified in SAE J300 for the original viscosity grade or the next higher viscosity grade, depending on the CCS 
viscosity grade, as outlined in a) or b) above.
 
ASTM D6709 (Sequence VIII, 10-hour stripped KV 
@ 100°C) Shear stability   
XW-20 Stay in grade - 
XW-30 Stay in grade - 
ASTM D6278, (Diesel Injector) shear stability, 
KV@100°C after 30 passes, min - 5.8 
ASTM D6922, homogeneity and miscibility Shall remain homogeneous and, when mixed with ASTM Test Monitoring Center 
(TMC) reference oils, shall remain miscible. 
ASTM D6557 (Ball Rust Test), avg. gray value, min  100 
ASTM D7563, emulsion retention   
0°C, 24 hours No water separation 
25°C, 24 hours No water separation 
ASTM  D4683,  D4741,  or  D5481,  High 
Temperature/High Shear Viscosity @ 150°C, 
mPa·s, min 2.6 2.3 
ASTM D5133, gelation index, max 
To be evaluated from -5 ˚C to temperature at 
which 40,000 cP is attained or -40 ˚C, or 2 Celsius 
degrees below the appropriate MRV TP-1 
temperature (defined by SAE J300), whichever 
occurs first. 12 
  
Page 39 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
 
Table 2-6 (Continues) 
 
ASTM D7216 Elastomer Compatibility 
Candidate oil testing for elastomer compatibility shall be performed using the five Standard Reference Elastomers (SREs) refere nced 
herein and defined in SAE J2643.  Candidate oil testing shall be performed according to ASTM D7216 Annex A2, The post-candidate -oil-
immersion elastomers shall conform to the specification limits detailed herein.  
Elastomer Material (SAE J2643) Test Proc edure Material Property Units Limits 
Polyacrylate Ru bber (ACM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 9 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -10, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -40, 40 
Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber 
(HNBR-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 10 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -10, 5 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -20, 15 
Silicone Rubber (VMQ-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 40 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -30, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -50, 5 
Fluorocarbon Rubber (FKM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -2, 3 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -6, 6 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -65, 10 
Ethylene Acrylic Rubber (AEM-1) ASTM D471 Volume % ∆ -5, 30 
ASTM D2240 Hardness pts. -20, 10 
ASTM D412 Tensile Strength % ∆ -30, 30  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table (3-0) 
API “C” (DIESEL) SERVICE CATEGORIES 
ENGINE AND BENCH TEST REQUIREMENT SUMMARY 
 
Test Name ASTM CH-4 CI-4 CI-4 
w/CI-4 PLUS CJ-4 CK-4/ FA-4 
Sequence IIIF/IIIFHD D6984 X X X X  
Sequence IIIG D7320 X X X X  
Caterpillar 1K D6750 (1K) X X X   
Caterpillar 1N D6750 (1N)  X X X X 
Caterpillar 1P D6681 X X X   
Caterpillar 1R D6923  X X   
Caterpillar Oil Aeration Test D8047     X 
Engine Oil Aeration Test D6894 X X X X  
Cummins ISM D7468  X X X X 
Cummins ISB D7484    X X 
Cummins M11 D6838 X     
Cummins M11 EGR D6975  X X   
Mack T-8 D5967      
Mack T-8E D5967 X X X   
Mack T-9 D6483 X     
Mack T-10 D6987/ D6987M X X X   
Mack T-10A 75 hr. used oil in D4684  X X   
Mack T-11 D7156   X X X 
Mack T-11A D6896   X X X 
Mack T-12 D7422  X X X X 
Volvo T-13 D8048     X 
Roller Follower Wear Test D5966 X X X X X 
Cummins HTCBT D6594 X X X X X 
Elastomer Compatibility (HD) D7216  X X   
 
  
 
  
Page 41 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 3-1 
Requirements Test Method Properties Unit Limits 
LABORATORY/BENCH TESTS - API CH-4 
Viscosity Grades   SAE J300   Manufacturer specifies 
viscosity target 
within SAE J300 
specification 
Shear Stability ASTM D6278 Kinematic Viscosity after 30 pass, shearing, @ 100 ˚C 
xW-30 mm2/s 9.3 min 
xW-40 12.5 min 
Noack Volatility ASTM D5800 Evaporative loss @ 250 ˚C, 
10W-30 % max 20 
Evaporative loss @ 250 ˚C, 
15W-40 18 
Foaming ASTM D892 Sequence I (20) tendency/stability 
mL 10/0 max 
Sequence II (20) 20/0 max 
Sequence III (20) 10/0 max 
High 
Temperature 
Corrosion Bench 
Test, 135 ˚ C. ASTM D6594 Copper, used oil increase mg/kg 20 max 
Lead, used oil increase mg/kg 120 max 
Copper Strip Rating (ASTM 
D130) - 3 max 
Tin increase mg/kg Report 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 3-1 (Continues) 
ENGINE TESTS - API CH-4 Rated or Measured 
Parameter Unit Primary Performance 
Criteria 
1 
Test 2 
Tests 3 
Tests 
Mack T-8E ASTM D5967 Relative Viscosity at 4.8% 
Soot by TGA max 2.1 2.2 2.3 
Viscosity increase at 3.8 
% Soot by TGA mm2/s, max 11.5 12.5 13.0 
Mack T-9 (F) ASTM D6483 Average Liner Wear, 
norm. to 1.75% soot µm, max 25.4 26.6 27.1 
Average Top Ring Mass Loss mg, max 120 136 144 
EOT Used Oil Lead 
Content Increase mg/kg, max 25 32 36 
Cummins M-11 (G) ASTM D6838 Rocker pad average mass 
loss normalized to 4.5% 
soot mg, max 6.5 7.5 8.0 
Oil Filter Differential 
Pressure at EOT kPa, max 79 93 100 
Average Engine Sludge, 
CRC Merits at EOT Merits, min 8.7 8.6 8.5 
Caterpillar 1P ASTM D6681 Weighted Demerits (WDP) max 350 378 390 
Top Groove Carbon 
(TGC) Demerits, max 36 39 41 
Top Land Carbon (TLC) Demerits, max 40 46 49 
Average Oil Consumption 
(0 h - 360 h), avg g/h 12.4 max 
Final Oil Consumption 
(312 h - 360 h), avg g/h 14.6 max 
Piston ring and liner 
scuffing - None 
Caterpillar 1K ASTM D6750 Weighted demerits (WDK) % max 332 347 353 
Top Groove Fill (TGF) % max 24 27 29 
Top Land Heavy Carbon 
(TLHC) % max 4 5 
Average Oil Consumption 
(0 h – 252 h) g/kWh, max 0.54 
g/MJ, max 0.15 
Piston, ring, and liner 
scuffing - None 
Engine Oil Aeration ASTM D6894 Oil Aeration Volume % 8.0 
max 8.0 max (MTAC) 
(H) 
Roller Follower Wear 
Test ASTM D5966 Average pin wear mils, max 0.30 0.33 0.36 
μm, max 7.6 8.4 9.1 
Sequence IIIF/IIIG/IIIH ASTM D6984/ D7320/ D8111 Kinematic viscosity 
increase @ 40 ˚C %, max 295/1
50/24
9 295/150/249 
(MTAC) (H) 
 
 
 
 
   
Page 43 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 3-2 
Requirements Test Method Properties Unit Limits 
LABORATORY/BENCH TESTS - API CI-4/CI-4 PLUS 
Viscosity Grades   SAE J300   Manufacturer specifies 
viscosity target 
within SAE J300 
specification 
High Temperature/ High Shear ASTM D4683 or 
ASTM D4171 or 
ASTM D5481 Viscosity @ 
150 ˚C   mPa·s 3.5 min 
Shear Stability (A) ASTM D7109 Kinematic Viscosity after 90 pass, shearing, @ 100 ˚C 
xW-30 mm2/s 9.3 min 
xW-40 12.5 min 
Noack Volatility ASTM D5800 Evaporative loss @ 250 ˚ C % 15 max 
Foaming ASTM D892 Sequence I tendency/stability 
mL 10/0 max 
Sequence II 20/0 max 
Sequence III 10/0 max 
High 
Temperature 
Corrosion Bench 
Test, 135 ˚ C. ASTM D6594 Copper, used oil increase mg/kg 20 max 
Lead, used oil increase mg/kg 120 max 
Copper Strip Rating (ASTM 
D130) - 3 max 
Tin increase mg/kg Report 
Seal 
Compatibility ASTM D7216   Volume 
Change, % Hardness, pts Tensile 
strength, % Elongation, 
% 
Nitrile (NBR) +5/-3 +7/-5 +10/-TMC 1006 
Silicone (VMQ) +TMC 
1006/-3 +5/-TMC 1006 +10/-45 +20/-30 
Polyacrylate 
(ACM) +5/-3 +8/-5 +18/-15 +10/-35 
Fluoroelastomer 
(FKM) +5/-2 +7/-5 +10/-TMC 1006 
  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 3-2 (Continues) 
ENGINE TESTS - API CI-4 Rated or Measured 
Parameter Unit Primary Performance Criteria 
1 Test 2 Tests 3 Tests 
Mack T-8E (I) ASTM D5967 Relative viscosity at 4.8% 
soot by TGA % 1.8 min 1.9 min 2.0 min 
Mack T-10 (B) ASTM D6987/D6987M Merit rating Merits 1000 min 
  -Sooted Oil MRV ASTM D4684 75h sample from Mack T-10 or T-10A 
Viscosity @-20 ˚ C mPa·s 25,000 max 
Yield Stress Pa ≤ 35 
Cummins M11-EGR 
(C) ASTM D6975 Average Crosshead 
mass loss mg, max 20.0 21.8 22.6 
Average Top ring mass 
loss mg, max Report 
Oil filter differential 
pressure at 250 h kPa, max 275 320 341 
Average engine sludge, 
CRC merits at EOT Merits, 
min 7.8 7.6 7.5 
Caterpillar 1R (D) ASTM D6923 Weighted Demerits 
(WDR) Demerits, 
max 382 396 402 
Top Groove Carbon 
(TGC) Demerits, 
max 52 57 59 
Top Land Carbon (TLC) Demerits, 
max 31 35 36 
Initial Oil Consumption (0 
h - 252 h), avg g/h 13.1 max 
Final Oil Consumption 
(432 h - 504 h), avg g/h IOC+1.8 max 
Piston ring and liner 
distress - None 
Piston ring sticking - 
Caterpillar 1K (E) ASTM D6750 Weighted demerits 
(WDN) Demerits, 
max 332 347 353 
Top groove fill (TGF) % max 24 27 29 
Top land heavy carbon 
(TLHC) % max 4 5 
Oil consumption, (0 h – 
252 h) g/kWh 
max 0.54 
Piston, ring, and liner 
scuffing - None 
Engine Oil Aeration ASTM D6894 Oil Aeration, Volume % 8.0 max 8.0 max (MTAC) (H) 
Roller Follower Wear 
Test ASTM D5966 Average pin wear mils, max 0.30 0.33 0.36 
μm, max 7.6 8.4 9.1 
Sequence IIIF/IIIG/IIIH ASTM D6984/ D7320/ D8111 Kinematic viscosity 
increase @ 40 ˚C %, max 275/150/370 275/150/370 
(MTAC) (H) 
ENGINE TESTS - API CI-4 PLUS (same as API CI-4 Engine Tests above in addition to following) Rated or Measured 
Parameter Unit Primary Performance Criteria 
1 Test 2 Tests 3 Tests 
Mack T-11 ASTM D7156 Relative viscosity at 
12.0% soot by TGA %, min 6.00 5.89 5.85 
 
  
Page 45 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 3-3 
Requirements Test Method Properties Unit Limits 
LABORATORY/BENCH TESTS - API CJ-4 
Viscosity Grades   SAE J300   Manufacturer specifies 
viscosity target 
within SAE J300 
specification 
High Temperature/ High Shear ASTM D4683 or 
ASTM D4171 or 
ASTM D5481 Viscosity @ 
150 ˚C   mPa·s 3.5 min 
Shear Stability ASTM D7109 Kinematic Viscosity after 90 pass, shearing, @ 100 ˚C 
xW-30 mm2/s 9.3 min 
xW-40 12.5 min 
Chemical Limits 
(10) ASTM D4951 or 
ASTM D5185 Mass fraction phosphorous (26) 
% 0.12 max 
Mass fraction sulfur 0.4 max 
ASTM D874 Mass fraction sulfated ash 1.0 max 
Noack Volatility ASTM D5800 Evaporative loss @ 250 ˚ C 
% 13 max 
Evaporative loss @ 250 ˚ C, 10W-
30 15 max 
Foaming ASTM D892 Sequence I tendency/stability 
mL 10/0 max 
Sequence II 20/0 max 
Sequence III 10/0 max 
High 
Temperature 
Corrosion Bench Test, 135 ˚ C. ASTM D6594 Copper, used oil increase mg/kg 20 max 
Lead, used oil increase mg/kg 120 max 
Copper Strip Rating (ASTM D130) - 3 max 
Seal 
Compatibility ASTM D7216   Volume 
Change, % Hardness, pts Tensile 
strength, % Elongation, 
% 
Nitrile (NBR) +5/-3 +7/-5 +10/-TMC 1006 
Silicone (VMQ) +TMC 1006/-3 +5/-TMC 1006 +10/-45 +20/-30 
Polyacrylate (ACM) +5/-3 +8/-5 +18/-15 +10/-35 
Fluoroelastomer 
(FKM) +5/-2 +7/-5 +10/-TMC 1006 
Vamac G +TMC 1006/-3 +5/-TMC 1006 
  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 3-3 (Continues) 
ENGINE TESTS - API CJ-4 Rated or Measured 
Parameter Unit Primary Performance Criteria 
1 Test 2 Tests 3 Tests 
Mack T-11 ASTM D7156 TGA % soot at 4.0 
mm2/s increase, at 
100°C 
% 3.5 min 3.4 min 3.3 min 
TGA % soot at 12.0 
mm2/s increase, at 
100°C 6.0 min 5.9 min 5.9 min 
TGA % soot at 15.0 
mm2/s increase, at 
100°C 6.7 min 6.6 min 6.5 min 
  -Sooted Oil MRV ASTM D6896 180h sample from Mack T-11 
Viscosity @-20 ˚ C mPa·s 25,000 max 
Yield Stress Pa ≤ 35 
Mack T-12 ASTM D7422 Merits   1000 min (27) 
Cummins ISB ASTM D7484 Slider tappet mass loss, 
average mg 100 max 108 max 112 max 
Cam lobe wear, average μm 55 max 59 max 61 max 
Crosshead mass loss, 
average mg  Report 
Cummins ISM ASTM D7468 Merit rating Merits 1000 min (27) 
Top Ring Mass Loss mg 100 max 
Caterpillar 1N ASTM D6750 Weighted demerits 
(WDN) max 286.2 311.7 323.0 
Top groove fill (TGF) 
% max 20 23 25 
Top land heavy carbon 
(TLHC) 3 4 5 
Average Oil 
Consumption (0 h – 252 h) g/kWh, 
max 0.54 
g/MJ, 
max 0.15 
Piston, ring, and liner 
scuffing - None 
Piston ring sticking - 
Caterpillar C13 ASTM D7549 Merit rating Merit 1000 min (27) 
Hot stuck piston rings - None 
Engine Oil Aeration ASTM D6894 Oil Aeration, Volume % 8.0 max 8.0 max (MTAC) (H) 
Roller Follower Wear 
Test ASTM D5966 Average pin wear mils, 
max 0.30 0.33 0.36 
μm, 
max 7.6 8.4 9.1 
Sequence IIIF/IIIG/IIIH ASTM D6984/ D7320/ D8111 Kinematic viscosity 
increase @ 40 ˚C %, 
max 275/150/370 275/150/370 (MTAC) 
(H) 
  
Page 47 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table 3-4 
Requirements Test Method Properties Unit Limits 
CK-4 FA-4 
LABORATORY/BENCH TESTS - API CK-4/FA-4 
Viscosity Grades   SAE J300   xW-30, xW-
40 xW-30 
High 
Temperature/ High Shear ASTM D4683 or 
ASTM D4171 or 
ASTM D5481 Viscosity @ 150 ˚C 
xW-30 Grades 
mPa·s 3.5 min 2.9 min 
n/a 3.2 max 
xW-40 Grades Meets SAE 
J300 n/a 
Shear Stability ASTM D7109 Kinematic Viscosity after 90 pass, shearing, @ 100 ˚C 
xW-30 
mm2/s 9.3 min 
0W-40 12.5 min n/a Other xW-40 12.8 min 
HTHS Viscosity @150 ˚C, xW-30 
grades mPa·s 3.4 min 2.8 min 
Chemical Limits 
(10) ASTM D4951 or 
ASTM D5185 Mass fraction phosphorous (26) 
% 0.12 max 
Mass fraction sulfur 0.4 max 
ASTM D874 Mass fraction sulfated ash 1.0 max 
Noack Volatility ASTM D5800 Evaporative loss @ 250 ˚ C % 13 max 
Foaming ASTM D892 Sequence I tendency/stability 
mL 10/0 max 
Sequence II 20/0 max 
Sequence III 10/0 max 
High 
Temperature Corrosion Bench Test, 135 ˚ C. ASTM D6594 Copper, used oil increase mg/kg 20 max 
Lead, used oil increase mg/kg 120 max 
Copper Strip Rating - 3 max 
Seal 
Compatibility ASTM D7216   Volume 
Change, % Hardness, pts Tensile 
strength, % Elongation, 
% 
Nitrile (NBR) +5/-3 +7/-5 +10/-TMC 1006 
Silicone (VMQ) +TMC 1006/-3 +5/-TMC 1006 +10/-45 +20/-30 
Polyacrylate 
(ACM) +5/-3 +8/-5 +18/-15 +10/-35 
Fluoroelastomer 
(FKM) +5/-2 +7/-5 +10/-TMC 1006 
Vamac G +TMC 1006/-3 +5/-TMC 1006 
  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table 3-4 (Continues) 
Requirements Test Method Properties Unit Limits 
CK-4 FA-4 
ENGINE TESTS - API CK-4/FA-4 Ra ted or Measured Parameter Unit Primary Performance Criteria 
1 Test 2 Tests 3 Tests 
Mack T-11 ASTM D7156 TGA % soot at 4.0 mm2/s increase, 
at 100°C 
% 3.5 
min 3.4 min 3.3 min 
TGA % soot at 12.0 mm2/s 
increase, at 100°C 6.0 
min 5.9 min 5.9 min 
TGA % soot at 15.0 mm2/s 
increase, at 100°C 6.7 
min 6.6 min 6.5 min 
  -Sooted Oil 
MRV ASTM D6896 180h sample from Mack T-11 or T-11A 
Viscosity @-20 ˚ C mPa·s 25,000 max 
Yield Stress Pa ≤ 35 
Mack T-12 ASTM D7422 Top Ring Mass Loss mg 105 max 
Cylinder Liner Wear μm 24.0 max 
Cummins ISB ASTM D7484 Slider tappet mass loss, average mg, max 100 108 112 
Cam lobe wear, average μm, max 55 59 61 
Crosshead mass loss, average mg  Report 
Cummins ISM ASTM D7468 Merit rating Merits 1000 min (27) 
Top Ring Mass Loss mg, max 100 
Caterpillar 1N ASTM D6750 Weighted demerits (WDN) Demerits, 
max 286.2 311.7 323.0 
Top groove fill (TGF) % max 20 23 25 
Top land heavy carbon (TLHC) % max 3 4 5 
Oil consumption, (0 h – 252 h) g/kWh, max 0.54 
g/MJ, max 0.15 
Piston, ring, and liner scuffing - None Piston ring sticking - 
Caterpillar C13 ASTM D7549 Merit rating Merit, min 1000 min (27) 
COAT ASTM D8047 Average Aeration, 40 h to 50 h % 11.8 max 
Roller Follower 
Wear Test ASTM D5966 Average pin wear mils, max 0.30 0.33 0.36 
μm, max 7.6 8.4 9.1 
Volvo T-13 ASTM D8048 T-13 FTIR Peak Height Oxidation 
at EOT, Abs. cm-1 125 130 133 
Kinematic Viscosity Increase at 40 ˚ 
C (300 h-360 h) max % 75 85 90 
Avg. Oil Consumption, 48 h to 192 
h, max g/h Report 
 
(A) Limit after 30 cycles for API CI-4, 90 cycles for API CI-4 PLUS. 
(B) ASTM D7422 (T-12) is an acceptable alternative. (C) ASTM D7468 (ISM) is an acceptable alternative. (D) ASTM D6681 (1P) is an acceptable alternative. (E) ASTM D6750 (1N) is an acceptable alternative. (F) ASTM D6987/6987M (T-10) or ASTM D7422 (T-12) are accept able alternatives. 
(G) ASTM D7468 (ISM) is an acceptable alternative (H) MTAC is a statistical method for treating engine test results. (I) T-11 is an acceptable alternative at CI-4 Plus limits. 
  
Page 49 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table (4) 
Pour Point and Flash Point of Engine Oils – ( 
 
Oil Grades Pour Point Flash Point 
oC (Max.) oC (Min.) 
0W* -39 185 
5W -36 195 
10W -33 205 
15W -27 210 
20W -24 215 
25W -24 220 
**8 -30 185 
**12 -30 190 
**16 -27 200 
20 -21 215 
30 -18 220 
40 -15 230 
50 -9 235 
60 -9 240 
 
* W: Is Symbol for winter  
**Being new grades and are not yet produced by the ma nufacturers so the values  for pour point and 
flash point are proposed only and will be finalized later.  
For the multi-grades, the selected pour point  shall be in line with the “W” oil grades 
For the multi-grades, the selected flash point shal l be in line with the hi ghest oil grades (summer)  GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table (5) 
 
API Base Oil Classification  
 
  
 Companies also use their own marketi ng phrases: “Group 1-1/2” and “Group 2+” 
 “Group III” can be legally labeled “Synthetic” 
 The word “Synthetic” is not part of the API Classify 
 “Synthetic” is a marketing term, not a technical term Group  Saturates (%)               Sulfur (%) Vis. Index Other 
 
I       < 90        and/or           > 0.03 ≥80 - < 120 - 
II       ≥ 90         and             ≤ 0.03 ≥80 - < 120 - 
III       ≥ 90         and            ≤ 0.03 ≥ 120 - 
IV  PAO (poly Alpha Olefins) 
V           All other  Base Oils not included 
in I, II, III or IV  
Page 51 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table (6) 
 
Service Classification for Gasoline Engine  oils, Engine Test Requirements  
& ASTM Methods 
 
API Engine Test Requirement ASTM Test Method 
SJ CRC L-38 ASTM D5119 
Sequence IIIE ASTM D5533 
Sequence IVA ASTM D6891 
Sequence VG ASTM D6953 
SL BRT ASTM D6557 
Sequence IIIF ASTM D6984 
Sequence IVA ASTM D6891 
Sequence VG ASTM D6593 
Sequence VIII ASTM D6709 
SM BRT ASTM D6557 
Sequence IIIG ASTM D7320 
Sequence IVA ASTM D6891 
Sequence VG ASTM D6593 
Sequence VIII ASTM D6709 
SN BRT ASTM D6557 
Sequence IIIG ASTM D7320 
Sequence IVA ASTM D6891 
Sequence VG ASTM D6593 
Sequence VIII ASTM D6709 
Sequence VID (1) ASTM D7589 
Sequence IX (2) ASTM D8291 
SP Sequence IIIH ASTM D8111 
Sequence IVB ASTM D8350 
Sequence VH ASTM D8256 
Sequence VIE (1) ASTM D8114 
Sequence VIF (3) ASTM D8226 
Sequence VIII ASTM D6709 
Sequence IX ASTM D8291 
Sequence X ASTM D8279 
(1) Not required for Non-ILSAC viscosity grades. 
(2) API SN-RC PLUS/SN PLUS only 
(3) SAE XW-16 only 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
ILSAC 
GF-6A/B Sequence IIIH ASTM D8111 
Sequence IVB ASTM D8350 
Sequence VH ASTM D8256 
Sequence VIE ASTM D8114 
Sequence VIF (1) ASTM D8226 
Sequence VIII ASTM D6709 
Sequence IX ASTM D8291 
Sequence X ASTM D8279 
 
(1) ILSAC GF-6B only.  
Page 53 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table (7) 
 
Commercial Classification for Dies el Engine Oils, Engine Test R equirements  
& ASTM Test Methods 
 
API Engine Test Requirement ASTM Test Method 
CH-4 Sequence IIIF ASTM D6984 
Roller Follower Wear Test (RFWT) ASTM D5966  
Mack T-8E ASTM D5967 
Mack T-9 ASTM D6483 
Cummins M11 ASTM D6838 
Caterpillar 1P ASTM D6681 
Caterpillar 1K ASTM D6750 
CI-4 Caterpillar 1R ASTM D6923 
Cummins M11 EGR ASTM D6975 
Mack T-8E ASTM D5967 
Mack T-10 ASTM D6987 
Roller Follower Wear Test (RFWT) ASTM D5966 
Caterpillar 1K ASTM D6750 
Sequence IIIF ASTM D6984 
CJ-4 Mack T-11 ASTM D7156 
Mack T-12 ASTM D7422  
Cummins ISB ASTM D7484  
Cummins ISM ASTM D7468  
Caterpillar 1N ASTM D6750  
Caterpillar C13 ASTM D7549  
Engine Oil Aeration ASTM D6894  
Roller Follower Wear Test (RFWT) ASTM D5966  
Sequence IIIG or IIIF ASTM D7320 / D6984 
CK-4  & FA-4 Mack T-11 ASTM D7156 
Mack T-12 ASTM D7422  
Cummins ISB ASTM D7484  
Cummins ISM ASTM D7468  
Caterpillar 1N ASTM D6750  
Caterpillar C13 ASTM D7549  
COAT ASTM D8047  
Roller Follower Wear Test (RFWT) ASTM D5966
Volvo T-13 ASTM D8048 
 
   GSO STANDARD                                   UAE.S  1785-1   /2022
Table (8)  
API “S….” (GASOLINE) S ERVICE CATEGORIES FO R GASOLINE ENGINES  
(FOLLOW YOUR VEHICLE MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS ON OIL PERF ORMANCE LEVEL)  
 
CATEGORY STATUS 
*SP CURRENT 
SN Plus CURRENT 
SN CURRENT 
SM CURRENT 
SL CURRENT 
SJ CURRENT 
SH OBSOLETE
SG OBSOLETE 
SF OBSOLETE 
SE OBSOLETE 
SD OBSOLETE 
SC OBSOLETE 
SB OBSOLETE 
SA OBSOLETE 
*API licensing against the SP sta ndard started on May 1, 2020. 
 
 
Table (9) 
ILSAC PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FO R PASSENGER CAR ENGINE OILS 
(FOLLOW YOUR VEHICLE MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS ON OIL PERF ORMANCE LEVEL)  
 
CATEGORY STATUS 
GF-6A/B* CURRENT 
GF-5 OBSOLETE 
GF-4 OBSOLETE 
GF-3 OBSOLETE 
GF-2 OBSOLETE 
GF-1 OBSOLETE 
*API licensing against the ILSAC GF -6A/B standard started on May  1, 2020. 
  
Page 55 of 56  
 GSO STANDARD                               GSO  1785-1  /2022
Table (10) 
API “C”…. (DIESEL) SERVICE CAT EGORIES FOR DIESEL ENGINES  
(FOLLOW YOUR VEHICLE MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS ON OIL PERF ORMANCE LEVEL) 
 
Category Status 
*FA-4 CURRENT 
*CK-4 CURRENT 
CJ-4 CURRENT
CI-4 Plus CURRENT
CI-4 CURRENT 
CH-4 CURRENT 
CG-4 OBSOLETE
CF-4 OBSOLETE 
CF-2 OBSOLETE 
CF OBSOLETE 
CE OBSOLETE 
CD-II OBSOLETE 
CD OBSOLETE 
CC OBSOLETE 
CB OBSOLETE 
CA OBSOLETE 
 
 API licensing against the CK-4 & FA-4 standard started on Decem ber 1, 2016. 
 After December 30, 2 010 API ceased licensi ng new oils against C F Specification. 
 After February 1, 2010 API ceased licensing new oils against th e CF-2 Specification. 
 After August 31, 2009 API ceased licensing new oils against the  CG-4 Specification.