DRAFT AFRICAN 
STANDARD  DARS  
1465  
First Edition 2019  
 
 Reference No. ARS 1465: 2019 (E) 
ICS 71.100.40  
 
 
© ARSO 2019  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquid detergents — Hand dishwashing and light duty — 
Specification  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DARS 1465: 2019  
ii © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved   
Table of contents  
 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  1 
3 Definitions and abbreviations  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
4.1 General ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  1 
4.2 Consistency  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  2 
4.3 Insoluble matter  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  2 
4.4 pH value ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
4.5 Rinsing properties  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  2 
4.6 Cleaning efficiency  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  2 
4.7 Stabilit y ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  2 
5 Packaging and labelling ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  2 
5.1 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  2 
5.2 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
6 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 3 
6.1 Purpose  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  3 
6.2 Sample preparation ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  3 
Annex A (normative)  Determination of insoluble matter  ................................ ................................ ..... 4 
Annex B (normative)  Determination of pH  ................................ ................................ .........................  5 
Annex C (normative)  Testing for rinsing properties  ................................ ................................ ............  6 
Annex D (normative)  Determination of cleaning efficiency  ................................ ................................ . 7 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 11 
 DARS 1465: 2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  iii  
Foreword  
 
The African Organization for Standardization (ARS O) is an African intergovernmental organization 
established by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the Organization of 
African Unity (AU) in 1977 . One of the fundamental mandates of ARSO is to develop and harmoniz e 
African Standards (ARS) for the purpose of enhancing Africa’s internal trading capacity, increase 
Africa’s product and service competitiveness globally and uplift the welfare  of African communities. 
The work of preparing African  Standards is normally carried out through ARSO  technical committees. 
Each Member State  interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has 
the right to be represented on th at committee. International organizations, Regional Economic 
Communities (RECs), governmental and non -governmental  organizations , in liaison with ARSO , also 
take part in the work.  
 
ARSO  Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/I EC Directives, Part 2.  
 
The main task of technical committees is to prepare ARSO  Standards. Draft ARSO  Standards 
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an 
ARSO  Standard requires approval by at le ast 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.  
 
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of 
patent rights. ARSO  shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
 
This Afr ican Standard was prepared by the ARSO Technical Harmonization Committee Number 5 on 
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (ARSO/THC 05).  
 
 
 
 
 
© African Organisation for Standardisation  2019 — All rights reserved* 
 
ARSO Central Secretariat  
International House  3rd Floor  
P. O. Box 57363 — 00200 City Square  
NAIROBI, KENYA  
 
Tel. +254 -20-2224561, +254 -20-3311641, +254 -20-3311608  
 
E-mail: arso@arso -oran.org  
Web: www.arso -oran.org  
                                                
* © 2019 ARSO — All rights of exploitation reserved worldwide for African Member States’ NSBs.  DARS 1465: 2019  
iv © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved   
 
Copyright notice  
 
This ARSO document is copyright -protected by ARSO. While the reproduction of this document 
by participants in the ARSO standards development process is permitted without prior 
permission from ARSO, neither thi s document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored 
or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior written permission from ARSO.  
 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be 
addressed as shown below or to ARSO’s member body in the country of the requester:  
 
 
© African Organisation for Standardisation 2019 — All rights reserved  
 
ARSO Central Secretariat  
International House 3rd Floor  
P.O. Box 57363 — 00200 City Square  
NAIROBI, KENYA  
 
Tel: +254 -20-2224561, +254 -20-3311641, +254 -20-3311608  
 
 
E-mail: arso@arso -oran.org  
Web: www.arso -oran.org  
 
Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement. 
Violators may be p rosecuted.  
 
 
 
 
 DARS 1465: 2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  1  
Liquid detergents — Hand dishwashing and light duty — 
Specification  
 
 
1 Scope  
 
This African Standard specifies the requirements for hand dishwashing  and light duty liquid 
detergents  used for cleaning of dishes, hard surfaces such as painted surfaces, floors, ceilings, 
ceramic and plastics tiles, and the surfaces of equipment.  This standard does not cover products with 
speckles  
 
2 Normative references  
 
The following r eferenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
 
ISO 2271 , Surface a ctive agents — Detergents — Determination of anionic -active matter by manual 
or mechanical direct two -phase titration procedure  
 
ARS 1466, General purpose detergent (beads, granules and powders)  
 
ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH  
 
EN 1676, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Alloyed ingots for remelting — Specifications  
 
3 Definitions  and abbreviations  
 
For the purpose of this standard the following definitions apply.  
 
3.1 
acceptable  
acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to t he parties concluding the purchase 
contract, as relevant  
 
3.2 
batch  
material from a single mix or, in the case of a continuous production process, the material from a 
single day's production  
 
3.3 
defective  
detergent or a container that fails in one or more  respects to comply with the relevant requirements of 
this standard  
 
3.4 
lot 
quantity of detergent bearing the same batch identification, from one manufacturer, and submitted at 
any one time for inspection and testing  
 
4 Requirements  
 
4.1 General  
 
4.1.1  The detergent shall be a uniform aqueous solution, which  may be coloured. It shall be free 
from abrasives and organic solvents, and shall remain homogeneous during storage at  ambient 
temperature.  
 AFRICAN STANDARD  DARS 1465: 2019  
2 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  4.1.2  It shall not be irritating to the skin  
 
4.1.3  It shall  not contain any materials prohibited by applicable regulations . 
 
4.2 Consistency  
 
On being cooled to 4.5 °C ± 0.5 °C for 24 h, the detergent shall show no separation and shall remain 
liquid.  
 
4.3 Insoluble matter  
 
When determined in accordance with Annex A, the insoluble matter content shall not exceed a mass 
fraction of 0.50 % . 
 
4.4 pH value 
 
The pH value of a volume fraction of 1.00 % solution of the detergent, when determined in 
accordance with Annex B , shall be not less than 6.0 and not more than 9.0.  
 
4.5 Rinsing properties  
 
When tested in accordance with Annex C , the detergent shall be free -rinsing.  
 
4.6 Cleaning efficiency  
 
When tested in accordance with Annex D , the cleaning efficiency of liquid hand dishwashing and light 
duty detergent shall be at least 80 % of that of the standard detergent.  
 
4.7 Stability  
 
The detergent shall remain stable up to its best before date in the original container under storage 
conditions, still comply with all the requirements of this standard.  
 
5 Packaging  and labelli ng 
 
5.1 Packaging  
 
5.1.1  The packaging shall ensure integrity of the product during handling, storage and 
transportation  
 
5.1.2  Bulk packaging  
 
Only liquid detergents  of the same type and the same batch shall be packed together in one bulk 
package  
 
5.2 Labelling  
 
Each container and each bulk package shall bear in prominent, legible and indelible marking with the 
following information:  
 
a) manufacturer’s name and physical address   
 
NOTE  The name, physical address of the distributor/supplier may be added as required.  
 
b) trade mark if applicable  
 
c) words indicating that the product is a hand dishwashing or liquid light duty detergent;  
 
d) general instructions for use that are suitable for the purposes specified;  
 DARS 1465: 2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  3 e) the batch identification  
 
f) Net content  
 
g) in the case of bulk packages, the quantity of containers;  
 
h) Date of manufacture  
 
i) Best before date or expiry date  
 
6 Sampling  
 
6.1 Purpose  
 
The following sampling procedure shall be applied in determining whether a lot that was submitted for  
inspection and testing, complies with the relevant requirements of this standard. The sample so  drawn 
shall be deemed to represent the lot.  
 
6.2 Sample preparation  
 
6.2.1  Carry out determinations of the consistency, odour, insoluble matter, pH value, rinsing 
properties and cleaning efficiency on the composite test sample taken in accordance with 5.1.2.  
 
6.2.2 Standard hard water  
 
Dissolve 3.520 g of chemically pure calcium chloride (CaCl 2.2H 2O) and 3.947 g of chemically pure 
magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4.7H 2O) in di stilled water and dilute to 20 L with distilled water. (This 
standard hard water has a hardness of approximately 200 mg/L calculated as calcium carbonate).  
 
6.2.3 Sample for inspection  
 
Draw at random from the lot  
 
a) five containers, if the lot is packed in containers of net volume not exceeding 5 L, or  
 
b) three containers, if the lot is packed in containers of net volume exceeding 5 L.  
 
6.2.4 Sample for testing  
 
6.2.4.1 From the containers taken in accordance with 6.2.3 draw enough detergent to provide a  
composite test sample of total volume at least 1 L, taking equal quantities of detergent from all  
containers.  
 
6.2.4.2 Before drawing a sample thoroughly mix the contents of the relevant container.  
 
6.2.4.3 Pour the samples into a clean, dry, air -tight gl ass or plastics bottle clearly marked with the  
manufacturer's name or trademark, the batch identification and the date of sampling.  DARS 1465: 2019  
4 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  Annex A 
(normative)  
 
Determination of insoluble matter  
 
 
 
A.1 Procedure  
 
A.1.1 Accurately weigh (to ± 0 .001 g) approximatel y 5 g of the test sample into a beaker  and add 
250 mL of the standard hard water.  
 
A.1.2 Heat on a steam bath, with frequent stirring, until the sample is completely dispersed.  
 
A.1.3 Filter the solution immediately, under suction, through a dried and tare d Whatman GF/A  
glass -fibre filter paper or equivalent and ensure that the insoluble matter is quantitatively transferred 
to the filter.  
 
A.1.4 Wash the beaker and the residue five times with 20 mL portions of hot standard hard water.  
 
A.1.5 Allow the solut ion to drain completely and dry the residue at 105 °C until a constant mass is  
attained.  
 
A.2 Calculation  
 
Calculate the insoluble matter content S as a percentage by mass, as follows:  
 
100
12mmS
 
 
where  
S is the insoluble matter content as a percentage by mass;  
 
m1 is the mass of the test sample taken, expressed in grams (g); and  
 
m2 is the mass of the insoluble matter after it has been dried, expressed in grams (g).  
 
 DARS 1465: 2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  5 Annex B 
(normative)  
 
Determination of pH 
 
 
 
 
Dissolve 1 .0 mL of the test s ample in 100 mL of carbon -dioxide -free distilled or deionized water and  
determine its pH value, using  ISO 10523.   
 DARS 1465: 2019  
6 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  Annex C 
(normative)  
 
Testing for rinsing properties  
 
 
 
C.1 Accurately weigh (to ± 0 .001 g) approximately 0 .4 g of the test sample into a  thoroughly 
cleaned 500 mL conical flask and add 200 mL of the standard hard water.  
 
C.2 Stopper the flask and shake it vigorously for 1 min.  
 
C.3 Pour out the solution and rinse the flask by adding 200 mL of the standard hard water,  
shaking vigorously for 1 m in and pouring off the water.  
 
C.4 Invert the flask and allow to dry.  
 
C.5 Carry out a blank by repeating the above procedure but omitting the test sample.  
 
C.6 Compare the two flasks.  
 
C.7 Consider the detergent to comply if the streaks and marks on the f lask used for the  test do not 
exceed those on the flask used for the blank.  
 
 DARS 1465: 2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  7 Annex D 
(normative)  
 
Determination of cleaning efficiency  
 
 
D.1 Apparatus  
 
D.1.1 Six test panels of anodized aluminium, machined from aluminium that complies with  EN 
1676 (alloy  designation Al -99,5A: alloy code number SA2). The panels are of the dimensions  given in 
figure 1 and have indentations as shown in figure 1.  
 
D.1.2 Six suitable clamps, so fitted to the stirrers (see D.1.3) as to allow the panels to be gripped  
and rotated  about a vertical axis.  
 
D.1.3 Six mechanical stirrers, capable, when supporting the test panels, of operating smoothly  
and continuously at 60 r/min to 62 r/min.  
 
D.1.4 Water -bath, that is thermostatically controlled, is capable of maintaining a temperatur e of 21 
°C ± 2 °C, and is fitted with a cover that has a row of six holes to accommodate the test beakers  (see 
D.1.5).  
 
D.1.5 Six beakers, of capacity 800 mL, of internal diameter approximately 90 mm and of height  
approximately 135 mm.  
 
D.1.6 Six flat -bottom glass crystallizing basins, of capacity 175 mL, of diameter approximately  
80 mm and of height approximately 40 mm, to hold the six test panels.  
 
D.1.7 Six tall -form beakers, of capacity 150 mL.  
 
D.1.8 Spatula, fitted with a flexible straight -edge steel blade.  
 
D.1.9 Watch glasses  
 
D.2 Materials  
 
D.2.1 Standard hard water (see Annex A ) 
 
D.2.2 Standard detergent, a solution containing a mass fraction of 4 .0 % sodium lauryl ether  
sulphate (SLES) and a mass fraction of 16,0 % sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonat e (SDBS) at a  pH 
of 7.5 ± 1 that is prepared as follows:  
 
a) Determine the anionic content of the sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) in accordance with  
ISO 2271, using 442 g for 3 moles ethylene oxide or 384 g for 2 moles ethylene oxide as the  
molecular m ass in the calculation;  
 
b) Determine the anionic content of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) in 
accordance  with ISO 2271, using 340 g as the molecular mass or the molecular mass as 
supplied by the  manufacturer;  
 
c) Measure a calculated amount of the SLES (see D.2.2 (a)) to give a mass fraction of an active  
content of 4,0 % and a calculated amount of SDBS (see D.2.2 (b)) to give a mass fraction of 
an active content of 16 .0%; 
 
d) Add water to give a combined mass of 100 .0 g; 
 
e) Mix the solution thoroughly and adjust it if necessary to a pH of 7 .5 ± 1, using 4g/L of sodium  
hydroxide or 10 g/L citric acid.  
 DARS 1465: 2019  
8 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  D.2.3 Artificial soil, comprising an intimate mixture of the following ingredients:  
 
a) 85.0 % margarine;  
 
b) 10.0 % egg -powder; and  
 
c) 5.0 % cornflour.  
 
D.3 Procedure  
 
D.3.1 Accurately weigh 15 .0 g of the standard detergent into each of three beakers, and 15 .0 g of  
the test sample into each of the other three beakers.  
 
D.3.2 Add 750 mL of the standard hard water to each beaker and so place the beakers in the  water -
bath, maintained at 21 °C ± 2 °C, that the three beakers containing the standard detergent are  in the 
first, third and fifth holes and the three beakers containing the test sample are in the  remaining holes. 
Cover the beakers with watc h glasses.  
 
D.3.3 Thoroughly clean the test panels with a suitable detergent (e.g. 1 % solution of detergent  that 
complies with  ARS 1466, dissolved in hot water), and allow to air dry.  
 
D.3.4 Place each panel in its glass crystallizing basin, clearly ident ify the panel -and-basin  
combination, and place the basins and panels into an oven at 105 °C ± 3 °C for 1 h. Remove the  
basins and panels from the oven and, after allowing them to cool in a desiccator, determine the mass  
of each glass basin together with it s panel.  
 
D.3.5 Homogenize the artificial soil by mixing it with the spatula.  
 
D.3.6 Use the spatula to pack each panel with approximately 1 .3 g of the homogenized soil,  
ensuring that the mass of each panel does not differ by more than 0 .1 g from the mass of any of the  
other panels and that the exposed surfaces of the soil are smooth and flat. When the packed panels  
are inspected, no pin holes, air bubbles or other inclusions shall be visible.  
 
D.3.7 When each panel has been packed with soil, place it in it s glass crystallizing basin and  
determine the mass of each glass basin together with its panel. To condition the soil, refrigerate it at  
4.5 °C ± 5 °C for 15 min.  
 
NOTE  The portion of the panel containing the soil should not be touched during the procedure . 
 
D.3.8 Remove the glass basins containing the soiled panels from the refrigerator and so fit the  
panel into the clamp of the stirrer (see D.1.2) that the jaws of the clamp are positioned at the end of  
the panel above the soiled areas. So adjust the panel  that it is vertical.  
 
D.3.9 Lower a panel assembly carefully into the centre of each of the six beakers containing 750 mL  
of detergent solution maintained at 21 °C ± 2 °C, until the solution level just reaches the marked line  
above the soiled area (see Figure D.1). 
 
D.3.10  Allow the refrigerated soiled panels to stand for 15 min in the test solution before stirring  the 
solution for 60 min at 60 to 62 r/min. Remove each panel in turn from the detergent solution, and  
temporarily place the panel in a vertical  position in an empty 150 mL tall -form beaker.  
 
D.3.11 Remove any traces of emulsified soil on the flat surfaces of the panels by using absorbent  
paper e.g. toilet paper taking care that the soil in the indentations of the panels is not touched.  
Remove any  traces of emulsified soil on the flat surfaces between the indentations of the panels, by  
scraping the flat surfaces with a straight -edge spatula.  
 
D.3.12 Place each panel in its glass crystallizing basin, clearly identify the panel -and-basin  
combination,  and place the basins and panels into an oven at 105 °C ± 3 °C for 3 h. Remove the  
basins and panels from the oven and, after allowing the basins and panels to cool in a desiccator,  
determine the mass of each glass basin together with its panel.  DARS 1465: 2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  9  
D.4 Calcu lation  
 
D.4.1 Calculate the cleaning efficiency C (as a percentage by mass) of each test sample and of 
each portion of standard detergent, as follows:  
 
100
1 23 2m mm mC
 
 
where  
m1 is the mass of the panel and glass basin, expressed in grams (g);  
 
m2 is the initial mass of the panel, soil and glass basin, expressed in grams (g); and  
 
m3 is the final mass of the panel, soil and glass basin, expressed in grams (g).  
 
D.4.2 Calculate the mean cleaning efficiency of the test samples and of the standard dete rgent 
samples, subject to the following conditions:  
 
a) use all three results (calculated as in D.4.1) to calculate a mean if no two results exceed three 
percentage points difference, or  
 
b) use any two results (calculated as in D.4.1) that do not exceed t hree percentage points 
difference to calculate the mean, or  
 
c) if the individual results (calculated as in D.4.1) do not conform to (a) or (b) above, discard all 
the results and repeat the test.  
 
 
 
 
 DARS 1465: 2019  
10 © ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  
 
 
Figure D.1 — Aluminium test panel  
 DARS 1465: 2019  
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved  11  
Bibliography  
 
 
Working Group to identify and acknowledge useful literature used in the preparation of this standard.  
 
SANS 825:2012, Hand dishwashing and light duty detergent (liquid)  
 
EAS 296:2002, Liquid household hand dishwashing and light duty detergents — Specificat ion 
 
MS 791:2014, Specification for liquid detergent for household hand dish washing  
 
 FDARS 1465: 2019 
© ARSO 2019 — All rights reserved