G/STR/N/19/JPN  
1 July 2022 
(22-5127) Page: 1/20 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original:  English  
 
  
STATE TRADING  
NEW AND FULL NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XVII:4(A) OF THE  
GATT 1994 AND PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE UNDERSTANDING ON  
THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XVII  
JAPAN 
The following communication, dated and received on 30 June 2022, is being circulated at the request 
of the Delegation of Japan , in response to the call for notifications set forth in document G/STR/N/19 . 
 
_______________  
 
 
1. LEAF TOBACCO  
I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
A. Identification of state trading enterp rises 
Japan Tobacco Inc. (JT).  
B. Description of products affected ( including tariff item number(s) encompassed in 
product description ) 
Leaf tobacco (HS No. 2401.10, 2401.20, 2401.30, 2403.91).  
II. Reason and Purpose  
A. Reason and purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The tobacco production is monopolized by JT for promoting sound development of the tobacco 
industry under the provisions of the Tobacco Business Law. Although private traders can import leaf 
tobacco,  this monopoly in effect renders all the importation of leaf tobacco for the manufacture of 
tobacco in Japan dependent upon subsequent purchase by JT.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
The monopoly of production of manufactured tobacco is stipulated in Article 8 of the Tobacco 
Business Law.  
III. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
JT is engaged predominantly in the manufacture and sale of tobacco products. JT is also diversifying 
its business activities into pharmaceuticals, food and real estate.  G/STR/ N/19/JPN  
 
- 2 - 
 
  B. Specificat ion of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
The importation of leaf tobacco and manufactured tobacco has been liberalized since 1  April 1985. 
However, as a consequence of the continuing monopoly of manufacturing  tobacco by the 
Japan  Tobacco Inc. (JT), the importation of leaf tobacco for the manufacture of tobacco in Japan is 
in effect dependent upon the purchase by JT.  
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
impor tation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Any entity can engage in importation without any allowance.  
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
JT imports leaf tobacco on the basis of commercial consideration, taking into account supply and 
demand situations of manufactured tobacco, as well as quality, market price and other relevant 
characteristics of leaf tobacco.  
E. How export prices are deter mined  
JT exports leaf tobacco on the basis of commercial consideration.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
JT does not resell imported leaf tobacco.  
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
No long -term contracts are negotiated by JT.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
JT is obligated to acquire all the leaf tobacco produced by domestic tobacco cultivators who enter 
into contracted purchase agreements with JT.  
IV. Statistical Information  
(See attached Tables I – III on Tobacco).  
   
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 3 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: JAPAN TOBACCO INC.  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of product 
(including HS numbers)  Fiscal year  Total quantity 
imported  
(tons)  Quantity imported 
by state  trading 
enterprise  
(tons)  Average import 
price  
(JPY/kg.)  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  Mark -up National 
production  
(tons)  
Leaf tobacco  
(HS No. 2401.10, 2401.20, 
2401.30, 2403.91)  2019 35,208  35,208  732 - - 16,798  
2020 29,204  29,204  716 - - 13,748  
2021 29,437  29,437  720 - - 14,237  
Source:  Ministry of Finance "Japan's Trade Statistics" – JT Data.  
 
TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: JAPAN TOBACCO INC.  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of product 
(including HS numbers)  Fiscal year  Total quantity 
exported  
(tons)  Quantity exported 
by state  trading 
enterprise  
(tons)  Average 
procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  Average export 
price  
(JPY/kg.)  National 
production  
(tons)  
Leaf tobacco  
(HS No. 2401.10, 2401.20, 
2401.30, 2403.91)  2019 2,262  2,262  - - 122 16,798  
2020 4,443  4,443  - - 609 13,748  
2021 2,269  2,269  - - 424 14,237  
Source:  Ministry of Finance "Japan's Trade Statistics" – JT Data.  
   
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 4 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: JAPAN TOBACCO INC.  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
Description of product 
(including HS numbers)  Fiscal Year  Domestic purchases by 
state trading  enterprise  
(tons)  National production  
(tons)  Domestic sales by state 
trading enterprise  National consumption  
(tons)  
Leaf tobacco  
(HS No. 2401.10, 2401.20, 
2401.30, 2403.91)  2019 16,798  16,798  - 48,446  
2020 13,748  13,748  - 39,322  
2021 14,237  14,237  - 36,900  
Source:  JT Data.  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 5 - 
 
  2. OPIUM  
I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
The Government of Japan (The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare).  
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in 
product description)  
Opium (HS No. 13.02.11).  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason and purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The purpose of maintai ning the state trading enterprise is to achieve the rational supply of opium 
for medical and scientific purposes, as well as to conduct the necessary control over the cultivation 
of opium poppy, and the transfer, receipt and possession and other relevant a ctivities concerning 
opium and poppy straw.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
Under the provisions of the Opium Law, only the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare is authorized 
as a state trading entity  that can conduct import and export of opium, purchase opium from the 
opium poppy cultivators and from research cultivators, and sell opium to narcotics manufacturers 
and narcotics research institution.  
The monopoly of import and export of opium is stipulated in Article 2 of the Opium Law.  
The above mentioned regulations are based on the provision of the Single Convention of Narcotic 
Drugs, 1961.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading ent erprise  
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare determines the quantity of opium which is to be imported 
to Japan, on the basis of factors such as demand for opium in Japan and supply of opium in exporting 
country.  
The Ministry of Health, Labour and We lfare has not imported opium since 2018.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
The rights to import and to export opium belong exclusively to the Ministry of Health, Labour and 
Welfare.  
The Mi nistry of Health, Labour and Welfare purchases all the opium which opium poppy cultivators 
or research cultivators have gathered.  
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare determines the price for purchase of the opium from 
opium poppy cultivators, after  consulting with the Ministry of Finance, on the basis of factors such 
as the condition of production by opium poppy cultivators and other economic conditions.  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 6 - 
 
  C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
impor tation/exportation and conditions for participation  
There are no entities allowed to engage in import and export other than the Ministry of Health, 
Labour and Welfare.  
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
The Ministry  of Health, Labour and Welfare determines the quantity of opium which is to be imported 
to Japan on the basis of factors such as demand for opium in Japan and supply of opium in exporting 
country.  
E. How export prices are determined  
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare does not export opium.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare determines the resale price on the basis of factors such 
as import price and other expenses.  
G. Whethe r long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
No long -term contracts are negotiated by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare purchases all the opium gathered by opium poppy 
cultivators or research cultivators. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare sells opium to 
narcotics manufactu rers.  
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
(See attached Tables I – III on Opium).  
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE (AS APPROPRIATE)  
All opium imported by 2017 has been used for medical and scientific purposes.  
All of the amount is for domestic consumption, not for export .  
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 7 - TABLE I  
THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN (THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, LABOUR AND WELFARE)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
Description of 
product  Fiscal Year  Total quantity 
imported  
(kg.)  Quantity 
imported by state 
trading 
enterprise  
(kg.)  Average import 
price  
(JPY/kg.)  Average 
representative 
domestic price 
(JPY/kg.)  Mark -up National 
production  
(kg.)  
Opium  
(HS No. 13.02.11)  2019 0 
(J.F.Y. 2019)  - - - - 1.1 
(J.F.Y. 2019)  
2020 0 
(J.F.Y. 2020)  - - - - 0.8 
(J.F.Y. 2020)  
2021 0 
(J.F.Y. 2021)  - - - - 0.6 
(J.F.Y. 2021)  
Japan Fiscal Year (J.F.Y.) is from April to March.  
    
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 8 - TABLE II  
THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN (THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, LABOUR AND WELFARE)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
Description of 
product  Fiscal Year  Total quantity 
exported  
(kg.)  Quantity 
exported by 
state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement price  Average 
representative 
domestic 
sales price  Average 
export 
price  National production  
Opium  
(HS No. 13.02.11)  2019 0 
(J.F.Y. 2019)  - - - - 1.1 
(J.F.Y. 2019)  
2020 0 
(J.F.Y.2020)  - - - - 0.8 
(J.F.Y. 2020)  
2021 0 
(J.F.Y. 2021)  - - - - 0.7 
(J.F.Y. 2021)  
Japan Fiscal Year (J.F.Y.) is from April to March.  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 9 - 
 
  3. RICE, WHEAT AND BARLEY  
I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
The Government of Japan (The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (hereinafter referred to 
as "MAFF")).  
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in 
product description)  
Rice and its worked and/or prepared p roducts (hereinafter referred to as "rice").  
Wheat, meslin, triticale and their processed products (hereinafter referred to as "wheat").  
Barley and its processed products (hereinafter referred to as "barley"). (As for the tariff item 
numbers of specific products, see attached).  
II. Reason and Purpose  
A. Reason and purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
MAFF is authorized to take measures to stabilize supply and demand situations as well as prices for 
such staple foods as ric e, wheat and barley, for promoting stability of people 's lives and national 
economy, according to the Law for Stabilization of Supply -Demand and Price of Staple Food.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privi leges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
MAFF is authorized to import rice, wheat and barley, and is authorized to export rice when particular 
necessity exist s, based on the Law for Stabilization of Supply -Demand and Price of Staple Food.  
Legal provisions – Articles 30, 31, 32, 42, 43 and 44 of the Law for Stabilization of Supply -Demand 
and Price of Staple Food.  
This law does not restrict the exportation of rice, wheat and barley by the private sectors.  
III. Desc ription of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
MAFF mainly conducts the import of rice under the minimum access opportunities and wheat and 
barley under the c urrent access opportunities, based on the Schedule XXXVIII -JAPAN in the WTO 
Agreement.  
MAFF is not involved, in the marketing or distribution of over -quota imports of rice, wheat and barley, 
except for the collection of a part of over -quota tariffs of suc h imports.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
MAFF is authorized to import rice, wheat and barley, and is authorized to export rice when particular 
necessity exists, based on the Law for S tabilization of Supply -Demand and Price of Staple Food.  
MAFF collects mark -ups on imported rice, wheat and barley which are bound in the 
Schedule  XXXVIII -JAPAN in the WTO Agreement.   G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 10 - 
 
  This law does not restrict the exportation of rice, wheat and barley by the private sectors.  
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private traders are allowed to freely import rice, wheat and barley subject to over-quota tariffs 
established in the Schedule XXXVIII -JAPAN in the WTO Agreement.  
Private traders are allowed to freely export rice, wheat and barley.  
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
MAFF imports rice under the minimum access opportunities and wheat and barley under the current 
access opportunities, both of which are established in the Schedule XXXVIII -JAPAN in the WTO 
Agreement.  
Taking into account the requests from recipient countries, the Government of Japan provides 
assistance which recipient countries use for purchasing food, based on the Food Assistance 
Convention. Using the aforementioned assistance, the recipient countries may purchase rice from 
MAFF.  
E. How export prices determined  
MAFF conducts no comme rcial export of rice, wheat and barley.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The sales prices for imported rice, wheat and barley are determined on the basis of such factors as 
import prices, management costs and other economic con ditions.  
The sales prices for imported rice, wheat and barley are not above the sum of the respective 
purchase prices and the respective mark -ups bound in the WTO Agreement.  
Mark-ups on imported rice, wheat and barley are used for their management costs such as storage, 
buying and selling costs and so on.  
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
MAFF has no l ong-term contracts on the import and export of rice, wheat and barley.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
Private marketing whose prices are freely decided is predominant in the Japanese rice market, and 
the government purchase from domestic market is limited only to the minimum amount necessary 
for official stockpile under the Law for Stabilization of Supply -Demand and Price of Staple Food.  
Most of wheat and barley consumed in Japan are imported.  
IV. Statistical Information  
(See attached Tables I  – III).  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 11 - 
 
  V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
None.  
VI. Additional Information  
None.  
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 12 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
(Unit: 1,000 tons (Mark -up: JPY/kg)) 
Description of 
products  Total quantity imported  Quantity imported by 
state trading 
enterprise  Average import 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  Mark -up National production  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
Rice FY2019  686 FY2019  685 - - - - FY2019  107 FY2019  8,154  
FY2020  649 FY2020  647 - - - - FY2020  103 FY2020  8,145*1 
FY2021  691 FY2021  689 - - - - FY2021  n.a. FY2021  n.a. 
Wheat  FY2019  5,328  FY2019  5,172  - - - - FY2019  15.3 FY2019  1,037  
FY2020  5,353  FY2020  5,055  - - - - FY2020  14.5 FY2020  949*1 
FY2021  5,317  FY2021  4,933  - - - - FY2021  13.6 FY2021  n.a. 
Barley  FY2019  1,165  FY2019  258 - - - - FY2019  7.2 FY2019  222 
FY2020  1,179  FY2020  225 - - - - FY2020  6.8 FY2020  221*1 
FY2021  1,164  FY2021  145 - - - - FY2021  6.4 FY2021  n.a. 
Note:  1. As for the HS numbers, see attached.   
 2. The figures of columns 6 (for "Rice") and 7 in FY2021 are not yet available.  
 3. The figures  with *1 in column 7 are tentative data.  
 4. Data source : Ministry of Finance "Japan's Trade Statistics".  
  Ministry  of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries "Food Balance Sheet" and related data.  
 5.  The figures  of columns 6 for "Wheat " and "Barley " are Mark -ups bound in the Comprehensive Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership and the Trade 
Agreement betwee n Japan and the United States of America.  
    
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 13 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING:  THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
(Unit: 1,000 tons, JPY/ton))  
Description of 
product  Total quantity 
exported  Quantity exported 
by state trading 
enterprise  Average procurement 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  Average export 
price  National production  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
Rice FY2019  99 FY2019  81 FY2019  145,156  FY2019  194,777  - - FY2019  8,154  
FY2020  84 FY2020  63 FY2020  127,987  FY2020  192,182  - - FY2020  8,145*1 
FY2021  64 FY2021  41 FY2021  148,167  FY2021  n.a. - - FY2021  n.a. 
Note:   1.  As for the HS numbers, see attached.   
 2.  The quantity in columns 3 is for food aid.   
 3.  The figures of columns 5 and 7 in FY2021 are not yet available.   
 4. The figures with *1 in column 7 is tentative data.  
 5.  Data source:  Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries "Food Balance Sheet" and related data.   
   
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 14 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
(Unit: 1,000 tons)  
Description of product  Domestic purchases by 
state trading enterprise  National production  Domestic sales by state  trading 
enterprise  National consumption  
1 2 3 4 5 
Rice FY2019  185 FY2019  8,154  FY2019  733 FY2019  8,300  
FY2020  207 FY2020  8,145*1 FY2020  844 FY2020  7,857*1 
FY2021  207 FY2021  n.a. FY2021  n.a. FY2021  n.a. 
Wheat  FY2019  0 FY2019  1,037  FY2019  4,876  FY2019  6,473  
FY2020  0 FY2020  949*1 FY2020  4,750  FY2020  6,412*1 
FY2021  0 FY2021  n.a. FY2021  n.a. FY2021  n.a. 
Barley  FY2019  0 FY2019  222 FY2019  254 FY2019  1,904  
FY2020  0 FY2020  221*1 FY2020  207 FY2020  1,846*1 
FY2021  0 FY2021  n.a. FY2021  n.a. FY2021  n.a. 
Note:  1. As for the HS numbers, see attached.  
 2. The figures of columns 3, 4 and 5 in FY2021 are not yet available.  
 3. The figures with *1 in columns 3 and 5 are tentative data.  
 4. The figures of columns 2 for rice are the quantity of rice of successful bids in tenders which MAFF conducted to purchase from the respective year's crop.  
 5. Data source: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries "Food Balance Sheet" and related data .G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 15 - 
 
  HS numbers  
 
1. Rice and its worked and/or prepared products  
 
1006.10.010  
1006.20.010  
1006.30.010  
1006.40.010  
1102.90.310  
1103.19.510  
1103.20.350  
1104.19.250  
1104.29.250  1901.20.122  
1901.20.162  
1901.90.142  
1901.90.587  
1904.10.211  
1904.20.211  
1904.90.120  
2106.90.517
 
2. Wheat, meslin, triticale and their processed products  
 
1001.11.010  
1001.19.010  
1001.91.011  
1001.91.019  
1001.99.011  
1001.99.016  
1001.99.019  
1008.60.210  
1101.00.011  
1101.00.091  
1102.90.210  
1103.11.010  
1103.19.210  
1103.20.110  
1103.20.510  1104.19.111  
1104.19.121  
1104.29.111  
1104.29.121  
1108.11.010  
1901.20.131  
1901.20.151  
1901.90.151  
1901.90.171  
1904.10.221  
1904.20.221  
1904.30.010  
1904.90.210  
2106.90.21 4
 
3. Barley and its processed products  
 
1003.10.010  
1003.90.011  
1003.90.019  
1102.90.110  
1103.19.110  
1103.20.410  
1104.19.410  
1104.29.410  
1901.20.141  
1901.90.161  
1904.10.231  
1904.20.231  
1904.90.310  
2106.90.216  
 G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 16 - 
 
  4. MILK PRODUCTS  
I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises  
Agriculture and Livestock Industries Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "ALIC").  
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in 
product description)  
Designated dairy products for general use (skimmed milk powder, skimmed milk solids, whole milk 
powder and solids, condensed milk, butter milk powder and other solids, whey and modified whey, 
butter and butter oil), hereinafter referred to as "designated dairy products". As for the tariff item 
numbers of the specific p roducts, see the notification on the administration of tariff quotas 
(G/AG/N/JPN/1).  
II. REASON AND PURPOSE  
A. Reason and purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
ALIC is authorized to take measures to stabilize supply/demand situations and price for milk 
products, to promote sound development of dairy and related industries and to improve national 
diet under Act on Stabilization of Livestock Management and the Agri culture and Livestock Industries 
Corporation Law.  
As a part of such measures, ALIC, as a state trading enterprise, imports designated dairy products 
to ensure proper and smooth operation of the system to stabilize supply/demand and price of the 
designated  milk products.  
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers  
Article 17 of Act on Stabilization of Livestock Management.  
Article 10 of the Agriculture and Livestock Industries Corporation Law.  
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE  
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
ALIC deals with in -quota imports of  designated dairy products established in Schedule XXXVIII -Japan 
in the WTO  Agreement.  
ALIC is not involved, in the marketing or distribution of over -quota imports of designated dairy 
products, except for the collection of a part of over -quota tariffs of such imports.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
ALIC collects mark -ups on imported designated dairy products which are bound in Schedule 
XXXVIII -Japan in the WTO Agreement.  
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private traders can freely import designated dairy products subject to over -quota tariffs established 
in Schedule  XXXVIII -Japan in the WTO Agreement.  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 17 - 
 
  D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
ALIC imports designated dairy products under the current access opportunities established in 
Schedule  XXXVIII -Japan in the WTO Agreement.  
E. How expor t prices are determined  
This item is not applicable for ALIC.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The resale prices are determined by a tender.  
The prices, however, are not to be above the sum of the ALIC purchase prices and the mark-ups 
bound in Schedule XXXVIII -Japan in the WTO Agreement.  
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
ALIC has no long term contracts on the import of designated dairy products.  
H. Brief description of market structure  
Total national demand for milk and milk products in FY 2020 was 12.22 million tons milk equivalent.  
7.43 million tons of raw milk were pr oduced in FY 2020 , of which 3.35 million tons were processed 
for milk products. Annual production of butter, skimmed milk powder and cheese in FY 2020 were 
71 thousand tons, 140 thousand tons and 48 thousand tons, respectively.  
4.84 million tons milk equiv alent of milk products were imported to meet the demand in FY 2020. 
Annual imports of butter, skimmed milk powder and cheese in FY 2020 were 17 thousand tons, 
2.5 thousand tons (excluding skimmed milk powder for animal feed) and 292 thousand tons, 
respecti vely. 
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION  
(See attached Tables I – III).  
V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
None.  
VI. Additional Information  
None.    
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 18 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL IN FORMATION, IMPORTS  
(Unit: Metric tons, JPY/Kg) 
Description of products 
(including HS numbers)  Total quantity imported  Quantity imported  
by state trading  
enterprise  Average import 
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price  Mark -ups National 
production  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
Skimmed milk powder and 
skimmed milk solids  
(HS No. 0402.10, 
0402.21,0402.29)  9,362 (FY2019) 
2,464 (FY2020)  
2,111 (FY2021) *1 7,300  
1,759  
496*1 287 
313 
293*1 662 
655 
652 - 
- 
- 130,497  
140,440  
159,710*1 
Whole milk powder and other 
solids  
(HS No. 0402.21, 0402.29)  1,641 (FY2019)  
1,546 (FY2020)  
2,280 (FY2021)*1 0 
0 
0 - 
- 
- 907 
903 
889 - 
- 
- 10,297  
7,893  
9,655*1 
Condensed milk  
(HS No. 0402.99)  271 (FY2019)  
117 (FY2020)  
22 (FY2021)*1 0 
0 
0 - 
- 
- 395 
395 
395 - 
- 
- 33,265  
29,848  
29,882*1 
Buttermilk powder and other 
solids  
(HS No. 0403.90)  13 (FY2019)  
13 (FY2020)  
15 (FY2021)*1 0 
0 
0 - 
- 
- n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 - 
- 
- n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
Whey and modified whey  
(HS No. 0404.10)  10,394 (FY2019)  
10,418 (FY2020)  
8,957 (FY2021)*1 2,765  
2,065  
2,333*1 177 
148 
173*1 n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 - 
- 
- 19,190  
18,720  
19,120*1 
Butter and butter oil  
(HS No. 0405.10, 0405.20, 
0405.90)  24,057 (FY2019)  
17,151 (FY2020)  
10,385 (FY2021)*1 21,876  
12,840  
8,527*1 566 
498 
601*1 1,282  
1,303  
1,285  - 
- 
- 65,495  
70,959  
75,085*1 
Note:  (*1) The figures with *1 in column s 2, 3, 4 and 7 are tentative data.  
 (*2) No official data available.  
   
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 19 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  
(Unit: Metric tons, JPY) 
Description of products 
(including HS numbers)  Total quantity 
exported  Quantity exported 
by state trading 
enterprise  Average 
procurement  
price  Average 
representative 
domestic sales price  Average export 
price  National production  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
Skimmed milk powder and 
skimmed milk solids  
(HS No. 0402.10)  6 (FY2019)  
27 (FY2020)  
3,435 (FY2021)*1 - 
- 
- - 
- 
- 662 
655 
652 - 
- 
- 130,497  
140,440  
159,710*1 
Whole milk powder and 
other solids  
(HS No. 0402.21, 0402.29)  38 (FY2019)  
22 (FY2020)  
32 (FY2021)*1 - 
- 
- - 
- 
- 907 
903 
889 - 
- 
- 10,297  
7,893  
9,655*1 
Condensed milk  
(HS No. 0402.99)  96 (FY2019)  
118 (FY2020)  
149 (FY2021)*1 - 
- 
- - 
- 
- 395 
395 
395 - 
- 
- 33,265  
29,848  
29,882*1 
Buttermilk powder and 
other solids  
(HS No. 0403.90)  15 (FY2019)  
40 (FY2020)  
47 (FY2021)*1 - 
- 
- - 
- 
- n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 - 
- 
- n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
Whey and modified whey 
(HS No. 0404.10)  600 (FY2019)  
0.02 (FY2020)  
796 (FY2021)* - 
- 
- - 
- 
- n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 - 
- 
- 19,190  
18,720  
19,120*1 
Butter and butter oil  
(HS No. 0405.10, 0405.20, 
0405.90)  3 (FY2019)  
13 (FY2020)  
18 (FY2021)*1 - 
- 
- - 
- 
- 1,282  
1,303  
1,285  - 
- 
- 65,495  
70,959  
75,085*1 
Note:  (*1) The figures with *1 in column s 2 and 7 are tentative data.  
 (*2) No official data available.  
    
  G/STR/N/19/JPN  
 
- 20 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES CORPORATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
(Unit: Metric tons, JPY/Kg.) 
Description of products  
(including HS numbers)  Domestic purchases by 
state trading enterprise  National production  Domestic sales by state 
trading enterprise  National consumption  
1 2 3 4 5 
Skimmed milk powder and skimmed milk solids  
(HS No. 0402.10, 0402.21,0402.29)  - (FY2019)  
- (FY2020)  
- (FY2021)  130,497  
140,440  
159,710*1 - 
- 
- 131,000  
142,000*1 
n.a.*3 
Whole milk powder and other solids  
(HS No. 0402.21, 0402.29)  - (FY2019)  
- (FY2020)  
- (FY2021)  10,297  
7,893  
9,655*1 - 
- 
- 11,000  
10,000*1 
n.a.*3 
Condensed milk  
(HS No. 0402.99)  - (FY2019)  
- (FY2020)  
- (FY2021)  33,265  
29,848  
29,882*1 - 
- 
- 33,000  
31,000*1 
n.a.*3 
Buttermilk powder and other solids  
(HS No. 0403.90)  - (FY2019)  
- (FY2020)  
- (FY2021)  n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 - 
- 
- n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
Whey and modified whey  
(HS No. 0404.10)  - (FY2019)  
- (FY2020)  
- (FY2021)  19,190  
18,720  
19,120*1 - 
- 
- n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
n.a.*2 
Butter and butter oil  
(HS No. 0405.10, 0405.20, 0405.90)  - (FY2019)  
- (FY2020)  
- (FY2021)  65,495  
70,959  
75,085*1 - 
- 
- 84,000  
78,000*1 
n.a.*3 
Note:  (*1) The figures with *1 in column s 3 and 5 are tentative data.  
 (*2) No official data available.  
 (*3) The figures with *3 in column 5 in FY2021 are not yet available.  
 
__________