WT/REG453/1  
12 April 2022  
(22-2514) Page: 1/35 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements    
 
FACTUAL PRESENTATION  
ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN  THE UNITED KINGDOM AND JORDAN  
(GOODS)  
Report by the Secretariat  
This report, prepared for the consideration of the  Agreement establishing an Association 
between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Hashemite 
Kingdom of Jordan , has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility 
and in full consultation with the Parties. The factual presentation reproduces as closely 
as possible the terminology  used in the Agreement and in the comments provided and 
does not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the Secretariat of such 
terminology. The report has been drawn up in accordance with the rules and procedures 
contained in the Decision for a Trans parency Mechanism for Regional Trade Agreements 
(WT/L/671) and thus does not imply any value judgement by the Secretariat regarding 
the contents of the Agreement.  
Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Jean -Daniel Rey 
(tel: +4 1 22 739 5264). Any statistical questions arising from this report may be 
addressed to Rowena Cabos (tel: +41 22 739 51 85)  and Thakur Parajuli (tel: +41 22 
739 5473) . 
  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  Table o f Contents  
Page 
1   TRADE ENVIRONMENT  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
1.1   Merchandise trade  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 4 
2   CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ ......................  6 
2.1   Background information  ................................ ................................ .............................  6 
3   PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  ................................ ................................ ...........  10 
3.1   Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  ................................ ................  10 
3.1.1   General provisions  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 10 
3.1.2   Liberalization of trade and tariff  lines ................................ ................................ ........  10 
3.1.3   Liberalization schedule ................................ ................................ ............................  10 
3.1.3.1    The United Kingdom  ................................ ................................ ............................  11 
3.1.3.2   Jordan  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  14 
3.1.4   Tariff rate quotas  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 16 
3.2   Rules of origin  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  17 
3.3   Export duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  ................................ .................  20 
3.4   Regulatory provisions of the agreement  ................................ ................................ ....... 20 
3.4.1   Standards  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  20 
3.4.1.1    Sanitary and phytosanitary measures  ................................ ................................ .... 20 
3.4.1.2    Technical barriers to trade  ................................ ................................ ....................  20 
3.4.2   Safeguard mechanisms  ................................ ................................ ...........................  20 
3.4.2.1   Global safeguards  ................................ ................................ ...............................  20 
3.4.2.2    Bilateral safeguards  ................................ ................................ .............................  20 
3.4.2.3    Specific safeguards for agriculture  ................................ ................................ .........  21 
3.4.2.4    Other Safeguard measures  ................................ ................................ ...................  21 
3.4.3   Anti-dumping and countervailing measures  ................................ ...............................  21 
3.4.4   Subsidies and state -aid ................................ ................................ ...........................  21 
3.4.5   Customs -related procedur es ................................ ................................ ....................  21 
3.4.6   Trade in services  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 22 
4   GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  ................................ .............................  23 
4.1   Transparency  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  23 
4.2   Current payments and capital movements  ................................ ................................ .... 23 
4.3   Exceptions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  23 
4.3.1   General exceptions and Security exceptions  ................................ ...............................  23 
4.3.2   Taxation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  24 
4.4   Accession and withdrawal  ................................ ................................ ..........................  24 
4.5   Institutional framework  ................................ ................................ .............................  24 
4.6   Dispute settlement  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 24 
4.7   Relationship with other agreements concluded by the Parties  ................................ ..........  25 
4.8   Government procurement  ................................ ................................ ..........................  27 
4.9   Intellectual property rights  ................................ ................................ .........................  27 WT/REG453/1  
 
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  4.10   Competition  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  28 
4.11   Environment  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  28 
4.12   Labour  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  28 
4.13   Electronic commerce  ................................ ................................ ...............................  28 
4.14   Small and medium -sized enterprises  ................................ ................................ .........  29 
4.15   Other  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................  29 
4.15.1    Economic Cooperation  ................................ ................................ ..........................  29 
4.15.2    Cooperation in social and cultural matters  ................................ ...............................  29 
4.15.3    Cooperation for the prevention and cont rol of illegal immigration  ................................  29 
4.15.4    Protection of data  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 30 
4.15.5    Financial cooperation  ................................ ................................ ............................  30 
4.16   Investment  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  30 
ANNEX 1  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  31 
 
  WT/REG453/1  
 
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Key Facts  
 
Parties to the Agreement:  United Kingdom and Jordan  
 
Date of Signature:    5 November 2019  
 
Date of Entry into Force:  1 May 2021  
 
Date of Notification:   3 May 2021  
 
Full implementation:   1 May 2021  
 
 
The Factual Presentation describes the  Agreement establishing an Association between the United 
Kingdom and Jordan (hereinafter referred  to as "the Agreement")  which  was concluded by the Parties 
and entered into force on 1 May 2021. Nevertheless , as the Agreement preserves most of the links 
between the Parties under the 1997 Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association 
between the EU and Jordan , the factual presentation also refers, like the Agreement, to the 
EU-Jordan Agreements.1 
 
1  TRADE ENVIRONMENT  
1.1  Merchandise  trade  
1.1.  In 2020, the UK's merchandise exports amounted to USD 403.9 billion and its merchandise 
imports to USD 632.6 billion. In the same year, Jordan's merchandise exports amounted to USD 7.9 
billion and its merchandise imports to USD 17 billion.2 Both countries recorded a d rop in their 
merchandise trade in 2020 related , in part , to the COVID -19 pandemic. According to the same data 
sources, the UK was Jordan's 16th largest source of imports (2.4% of Jordan's total imports) and 
29th largest destination for exports (0.35% of Jordan's total exports)3, while Jordan was the UK's 
65th largest source of imports (0.02%) and 54th largest export destination (0.07%) .4 
1.2.  Globally , and based on 2019 trade data5, the UK was the 10th largest expo rter and the 5th 
largest importer of merchandise in the world (respectively 2.48% of total exports and 3.60% of total 
imports). In comparison, Jordan was the 93rd largest global exporter and the 79th largest global 
importer of merchandise (respectively 0.0 4% of total exports and 0.1% of total imports).6 Both 
Parties' trade is dominated by manufactured products which made up 69.3% and 69.8% of the UK's 
merchandise exports and imports respectively, and 75.4% and 54.7% of exports and imports 
respectively for Jordan.  
1.3.  Chart 1.1 summarizes the trends in global merchandise  trade of t he Parties as well as their 
bilateral trade relations for the period 2018 -2020. From 2018 to 2020, the UK's global goods trade 
deficit deepened (from USD 185.8 billion in 2018 and USD 227 billion in 2019 to USD 228.7 billion 
in 2020).7 During the same per iod, Jordan's global trade deficit narrowed from USD 12 billion in 
 
1 In this report, the terms "EU -Jordan Agreements" refer to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement 
establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States , of the one part, and 
Jordan, of the other part , done at Brussels on 24 Novembe r 1997, as amended later  (hereinafter referred to as 
the "EU -Jordan Association Agreement") including associated agreements and protocols notably the Protocol 
Establishing a Dispute Settlement Mechanism applicable to disputes under the trade provisions of the EU -
Jordan Association Agreement , done at Brussels on 11 February 2011.  
2 Based on data from the Parties (for the UK) and from UNSD Comtrade database (for Jordan).  
3 Data from UNSD Comtrade database  excluding intra -EU trade . 
4 Data provided by the UK excluding intra -EU trade . 
5 Data extracted from the WTO Trade Profiles 2020, as of September 2021, using 2019 reported data.  
6 Ranks in world trade and shares in world trade are based on WTO Trade Profiles (2020).  
7 Based on data from the UK.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  2018 to USD 11 billion in 2019 and to USD 9 billion in 2020. At the bilateral level, data show a 
positive balance in favour of the UK for the entire period.  
Chart 1.1 United Kingdom - Jordan: Merchandise bilateral trade and with world (2018 -
2020)  
 
Source:  Based on data provided by the Parties and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
1.4.  The commodity structure of trade between the UK and Jordan, as well as both  Parties' global 
trade in the period 2018 -2021, are shown in Chart 1.2 on the basis of Harmonized System (HS) 
sections, using the same statistics as in the previous Chart.8 Machinery and mechanical appliances 
account for almost half of the UK's  goods  imports from Jordan (corresponding to 43.1% of the UK's 
goods imports from Jordan), while fruits and vegetables products constitute the second largest 
category of UK's goods imports from Jordan (corresponding to 19% of the U K's total goods import 
from Jordan). In contrast Jordan's largest exports were chemicals and textiles (accounting together 
for 53% of its exports) . The four commodities most imported by Jordan from the UK were products 
of chemical or allied industries; vehicles, including  aircrafts and vessels; prepared foodstuffs and 
beverages; and machinery and mechanical appliances, representing respectively 21.7%, 15.7%, 
and 15.4% (for the last two categories of commodities) of Jordan's imports from its partner. The 
same commodities co rresponded to, respectively, 13.8%, 14.8%, 4.3%, and 21.3% of the UK's 
global exports, and to, respectively, 9%, 8.3%, 7.2%, and 14% of Jordan's total imports from the 
world.  
 
8 The national statistics of the Parties may slightly differ from the, also official, sources systematically 
used in the preparation of fac tual presentations.  
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
0510152025
2018 2019 2020B. Jordan
(USD B illions)
Imports from United Kingdom (Right Axis)
Exports to United Kingdom (Right Axis)
Total Imports
Total Exports
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
0100200300400500600700800
2018 2019 2020A. United Kingdom
(USD Billions)
Imports from Jordan (Right Axis)
Exports to Jordan (Right Axis)
Total Imports
Total ExportsWT/REG453/1  
 
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  Chart 1.2 United Kingdom - Jordan: product composition of merchandise trade, by H S 
Section, annual average (2018 -2020)  
 
Source:  Based on data provided by the Parties and UNSD, Comtrade database.  
 
2  CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT  
2.1  Background  information  
2.1.  UK-Jordan trade relations were previously governed by the  EU-Jordan Agreemen ts, which 
ceased to apply to the UK as of 1 January 2021.9 
2.2.  The Agreement is one of the UK's 37, and Jordan's 8 RTAs  notified to the WTO .10 It was signed 
on 5 November 2019 and entered into force on 1 May 2021. It was notified to the WTO on 3 May 
2021 unde r Article XXIV:7(a) of the GATT 1994 and its Understanding .11 
2.3.  The text of the Agreement, together with its annexes, is available on the Parties' official 
websites:  
 
9 For more information on the EU -Jordan Association Agreement, readers may refer to the WTO 
documents series WT/REG141 . 
10 RTAs in goods and services counted as one and only agreements in force, notified to the WTO as of 
23 August 2021.  
11 See document WT/REG453/N/1.  
43
19157511UK's imports from Jordan (%)
21
12
12
9855522UK's Global Imports (%)
30
23766522Jordan's Global Exports (%)
22
16
15158618Jordan's imports from UK (%)
17
14
9
88776518Jordan's Global Imports (%)21
15
14109527UK's Global Exports (%)
Total: USD 75 million Total: USD 667 billion
Total: USD 19 billionTotal: USD 453 billion
Total:  USD 8.0 billionTotal: USD 230 million
Prepared foodsVegetablesLive animals
TextilesChemicalsMinerals
MachineryBase metalsPrecious 
stones
OpticalVehicles
OtherWT/REG453/1  
 
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  The UK : https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ukjordan -agreement -establishing -an-
association -cs-jordan -no12019  
 
Jordan :  NA.  
 
2.4.  The Agreement itself contains only eleven Articles. It, nevertheless, incorporates by reference , 
in Article 3 of the Agreement,  most of the provisions of the EU -Jordan Agreements (sometimes also 
referred to, in this report, as "the incorporated Agreements"12). Modifications to the content of the 
incorporated EU-Jordan Agreement s are contained in Annexes I through III to the Agreement. Annex 
I to the Agreement contains modifications with respect to the EU -Jordan Association Agreement. 
Annex II to the Agreeme nt contains modifications with respect to Protocol 3 (on rules of origin) and 
EU-Jordan Joint Declarations concerning Andorra and San Marino. Annex III to the Agreement 
contains modifications with respect to the Protocol Establishing a Dispute Settlement M echanism 
applicable to disputes under the trade provisions of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement .13 The 
Agreement is also complemented by a Joint Declaration concerning a trilateral approach to rules of 
origin. Box es 2.1 and 2.2  below summarize the struct ure of the Agreement  and of the incorporated 
Agreements ( EU-Jordan Association Agreement and related Protocols ).  
Box 2.1 Structure of the Agreement  
Articles of the UK -Jordan 
Agreement  Title/description  
Preamble   
Article 1  Objective s 
Article 2  Definitions and interpretation  
Article 3  Incorporation of the EU -Jordan Agreements  
Article 4  References to European Union Law  
Article 5  References to the euro  
Article 6  Territorial application  
Article 7  Continuation of time periods  
Article 8  Further provision in relation to the Association Council and the Association 
Committee  
Article 9  Integral parts of [this] Agreement  
Article 10  Amendments  
Article 11  Entry into force  
  
Annex I  Modifications to the incorporated Agreement (part 1)  
Annex  II Modifications to the incorporated Protocol 3 ( definition of the concept of 
"originating products" and methods of administrative cooperation ) 
Annex III  Modifications to the provisions of the incorporated EU -Jordan Dispute 
Settlement Mechanism Protocol  
  
Joint Declaration  Concerning a trilateral approach to rules of origin  
Source:  WTO Secretariat based on the Agreement.  
Box 2.2 Structure of the Incorporated Agreement s 
Chapters of the EU -
Jordan Association 
Agreement and other 
related instruments  Title/description  Modifications through Annexes to 
the Agreement  
Preamble    
Title I  Political Dialogue  Annex I: modification to Article 5(2)  
Title II  Free Movement of Goods  Annex I: modifications to Articles 
17(1), 20, and 22(2)  
Title III  Right of Establishment and Services  Annex I: modification to Article 40(3)  
Title IV  Payments, Capital Movements and 
Other Economic Matters  Annex I: modification to Article 53  
Title V  Economic Cooperation  Annex I: modifications to Articles 
64(a), 66, 68(a), 69, 70, 72, 74, 
78(2) and 79(3).  
 
12 The term "incorporated" may be used with reference to an Article of the EU -Jordan Association 
Agreement. For instance, "the incorporated Article 92" refers to Article 92 of the EU -Jordan Association 
Agreement, which has been  incorporated into the Agreement under Article 3 of the Agreement.  
13 Also referred to as " the EU -Jordan Dispute Settlement Mechanism Protocol " in this report.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  Chapters of the EU -
Jordan Association 
Agreement and other 
related instruments  Title/description  Modifications through Annexes to 
the Agreement  
Title VI  Cooperation in Social and Cultural 
Matters   
Title VII  Financial Cooperation  Annex I: modification to Article 87  
Title VIII  Institutional, General and Final 
Provisions  Annex I: modifica tions to Article 
97(4), 103, 104, and 106  
   
Annex I  List of products referred to in Article 
10(1) (retention of an agricultural 
component in respect of goods 
originating in Jordan)   
Annex II  List of products referred to in 
Articles 10(2) (retention of an 
agricultural component in respect of 
goods originating in [the EU]) and 
11(2) (customs duties and charges 
having equivalent effect applicable 
on imports into Jordan of processed 
agricultural products originating in 
[the EU] that shall be p rogressively 
eliminated)   
Annex III  List of industrial products to which 
is applicable, on importation into 
Jordan, the schedule for tariff 
dismantling referred to in Articles 
11(3) (customs duties and charges 
having equivalent effect applicable 
on import s into Jordan of processed 
agricultural products originating in 
[the EU] that shall be progressively 
eliminated)   
Annex IV  List of industrial products 
originating in [the EU] referred to in 
Article 11(5) (tariff dismantling 
schedule to have been re-examined 
by the Association Council)   
Annex V  [EU] reservations list referred to in 
Article 30(1)(b) (national treatment 
granted to Jordanian companies 
established in [the EU])   
Annex VI  Jordanian reservations to national 
treatment referred to in Arti cle 
30(2)(a) (national treatment 
granted to [EU] companies 
established in Jordan)   
Annex VII  Intellectual, Industrial and 
Commercial Property referred to in 
Article 56 (level of protection and 
periodic reviews)  Annex I: modification to Article 56  
   
Protocol 1  Concerning the arrangement 
applicable to the importation in to 
[the EU] of agricultural products 
originating in Jordan  Annex I: modifications to paragraph 
8, and in the Annex (table of tariff 
quotas)  
Protocol 2  Concerning the arrangements 
applicable to the importation into 
Jordan of agricultural products 
originating in [the EU]   
Protocol 3  Concerning the definition of the 
concept of "originating products" 
and methods of administrative 
cooperation  Annex II replaces Protocol 3  
Protocol 4  On mutual assistance between 
administrative authorities in 
customs matters  Annex I: modifications to Articles 
10(1), 13(1), and 14  
   WT/REG453/1  
 
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  Chapters of the EU -
Jordan Association 
Agreement and other 
related instruments  Title/description  Modifications through Annexes to 
the Agreement  
Joint Declarations  • On Article 28 (concept of 
"originating product")  Annex I: Joint Declaration not 
incorporated  
 • Relating to Articles 51 and 52 
(balance of payment)   
 • On intellectual, industrial, and 
commercial property (Articles 
56 and Annex VII)   
 • On Article 62 (regional 
cooperation)   
 • On decentralised cooperation   
 • Relating to Title VII (Financial 
cooperation)  Annex I: modification  
 • Relating to Article 101 
(fulfilment of obligations)   
 • On workers   
 • On cooperation for the 
prevention and control of illegal 
immigration  Annex I: modification  
 • On the protection of data   
 • Concerning the Principality of 
Andorra  Annex I: Joint Declaration not 
incorporated  
 • Concerning the Republic of San 
Marino  Annex I: Joint Declaration not 
incorporated  
   
EU-Jordan Dispute 
Settlement Mechanism 
Protocol   Annex III: clarification related to 
Article  19(1)  
Source:  WTO Secretariat based on the EU-Jordan Agreement s. 
2.5.  In the Preamble to the Agreement, the Parties reaffirms their desire to continue to apply 
between them the rights and obligations provided for by the EU -Jordan Association Agreement and 
by the EU -Jordan Dispute Settlement Mechanism Protocol. The Parties also agree, in Artic le 1 of the 
Agreement, to preserve the preferential conditions relating to trade between them, which resulted 
from the EU -Jordan Association Agreement and to provide a platform for further trade liberali zation 
between the Parties. They confirm that they es tablish an association as well as a free trade area in 
goods and associated rules and affirm the objectives contained in the EU -Jordan Agreements.14 
2.6.  In its Article 4, the Agreement defines which EU law, as incorporated or implemented in UK 
law, remains app licable under the Agreement. Article 5 of the Agreement confirms that references 
to the euro in the incorporated EU -Jordan Agreements shall continue to be read as such in the 
Agreement.  
2.7.  With respect to territorial application, the Agreement applies, in res pect of the UK, to the U K, 
Gibraltar, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man .15 Moreover, the Agreement applies also to 
territories for whose international relations the UK is responsible from the date of written notification 
by the UK to Jordan of applic ation of th e Agreement to those territories (Article  6).  
2.8.  If an implementation period in the EU -Jordan Agreements has not yet ended, the remainder 
shall be incorporated  into the Agreement. If a period mentioned in the EU -Jordan Agreements has 
ended, any re sulting rights and obligations shall continue to apply between the Parties (Article 7).  
 
14 In Article 1 of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement and in Article 1 of the EU -Jordan Dispute 
Settlement Protocol.  
15 The UK authorities clarify that, in keeping with precedent for the extension of international 
instruments, Crown Dependencies and Gibraltar were notified upon the extension of the agreement to their 
jurisdictions. The Agreement has ho wever not been extended to UK Overseas Territories, excluding Gibraltar. 
As such, no notifications were made to those territories.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  3  PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  
3.1  Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  
3.1.  The Agreement incorporates Title II (Free Movement of Goods) of the EU-Jordan Association 
Agreement with few modifications. Chapter 1 contains rules governing trade in industrial products, 
while Chapter 2 cover trade in agricultural products. Chapter 3 contains common provisions.  
3.2.  Other incorporated Titles, such as Title VI  (Cooperation in Social and Cultural Matters), also 
govern aspects of trade in goods.  
3.1.1   General provisions  
3.3.  General provisions on trade in goods are contained in Chapter 3 of the incorporated Title II.  
3.4.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement on import 
duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions. The incorporated Article 18 stipulates that no new 
quantitative restriction on imports and measures having equivalent effect shall be introduced in 
trade between the Part ies. Moreover, quantitative restrictions on imports and measures having 
equivalent effect on trade between the Parties shall be abolished.  
3.5.  With respect to trade in agriculture, the incorporated Article 19 foresees that in the event of 
specific rules being introduced as a result of the implementation by a Party of its agricultural policy 
(new rule, alteration, or extension of a previous rule), the Party concerned may amend the 
arrangements resulting from the Agreement in respect of the products concerned. Sh ould this 
happen, the Party concerned should  inform the Association Committee, which could meet upon 
request by the other Party.  In any case, the advantage granted by the Party amending its rules to 
the other Party shall continue to be comparable to that p rovided for in the Agreement. Consultations 
on the matter shall always be possible between the Parties.  
3.6.  The incorporated Article 21 contains a best endeavour commitment by the Parties to avoid 
taking internal fiscal measures, which may create discriminatio n between the products of one Party 
and like products of the other Party.  
3.1.2   Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  
3.7.  The Agreement incorporates the relevant provisions of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement 
concerning liberalization of trade and tariff line s.  
3.1.3   Liberalization schedule  
3.8.  The incorporated provisions governing the liberalization schedule agreed by the Parties in the 
context of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement distinguish between industrial products, processed 
agricultural products, and agricult ural products .  
3.9.  The respective schedules governing the tariff liberalization programme applicable to Jordan 
and the UK as well as the implementation modalities are defined in the incorporated Articles 9, 10, 
and 11.  
3.10.  With respect to industrial products , the incorporated Article 8 initially provided for a stand -
still on import duties and other charges having equivalent effect .  
3.11.  While the incorporated Annexes I, II, and IV allowed the Parties to maintain certain elements 
of customs duties under ce rtain conditions, the incorporated Article 11 foresaw the abolition of 
customs duties and other charges applied by one Party to the industrial products imported from the 
other Party, in accordance with a schedule of elimination. Among the incorporated Anne xes, Annex  I 
contains the list of products for which the UK may impose import duties which may contain an 
"agricultural component"; Annex II contains the list of products for which Jordan may impose import 
duties which may contain an "agricultural componen t" as well as customs duties on processed 
agricultural products; and Annex IV contains a list of industrial products originating in the UK  for WT/REG453/1  
 
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  which Jordan confirms having completed the tariff dismantling, according to the incorporated 
Article  11.5. 
3.12.  With r espect to agricultural products, under t he incorporated Agreement the objective  is to 
gradually increase  liberali zation of the Parties' reciprocal trade in agricultural products (incorporated 
Article 15). The incorporated Protocols 1 and 2, which have been  revised several times16, contain 
the Parties' respective commitments. The incorporated Protocol 1 contains the EU commitments, 
which are incorporated into the Agreement and are deemed to be considered as the UK 
commitments, and the incorporated Protocol 2  contains Jordan's commitments. It is worth noting 
that under the EU -Jordan Association Agreement, trade in agricultural products between Jordan and 
the EU had been largely liberalised, since 2010. These results are incorporated into the (UK -Jordan) 
Agreem ent. 
3.13.  According to the incorporated Article 17 (as modified), the UK and Jordan shall in 2024, assess 
the situation with a view to determining the liberali zation measures to be applied by the Parties in 
accordance with the objective set out in the incorpora ted Article 15.   
3.1.3.1   The United  Kingdom  
3.14.  The Agreement incorporates the tariff commitments made by the EU in the context of the EU -
Jordan Association Agreement. These commitments foresaw the abolition of customs duties and 
other charges applied by the UK to imp orted products originating in Jordan, in accordance with the 
corresponding schedule of elimination. At the entry into force of the Agreement, the UK's tariff 
elimination under the EU -Jordan Association Agreement had been fully implemented. Thus, with 
regar d to tariff elimination commitments, the Agreement makes no changes with regard to 
commitments made and implemented under the EU -Jordan Association Agreement.  
3.15.  With respect to industrial products, specific provisions of the EU -Jordan Association 
Agreement govern the levy of an "agricultural component" of customs duties imposed on certain 
products. The incorporated Article 9  establishes that imports into the UK of products originating in 
Jordan had to be allowed duty free and quota free. For several products17 however, the UK retains  
the possibility of an "agricultural component". The "agricultural component" may take the form of a 
flat-rate amount o r an ad valorem  duty18 (incorporated Article 10).  
3.16.  With respect to agricultural products, under the incorporated Protocol 1, the UK committed to 
eliminate customs duties on imports originating in Jordan except for a few products listed in the 
incorporated Annex to Protocol 1 and for which a tariff rate quota commitment is made .19 As a result 
of the liber alization resulting from the implementation of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement, all 
agricultural products originating in Jordan can, since the entry into force of the Agreement (1 May 
2021), enter the UK duty -free and quota -free except for cut flowers and virgin olive oil, which are 
subject to TRQ commitments. Moreover, products subject to the EU entry price system20 continue 
to be exempted from the ad valorem  component of the duty  and preferential entry price levels that 
had been set (between the EU an d Jordan) for tomatoes, cucumbers, globe artichokes, courgettes, 
oranges and clementines remain applicable.21  
 
16 It is worth noting that an agreement on further liberalization of agricultural products and processed 
agricultural products , between the EU and Jordan, had entered into force on 1 January 2006. The result of this 
agreement is incorporated into the UK -Jordan Agreement.  
17 This list covers some sugar confectionery; some chocolate and other food preparations containing 
cocoa; and some bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares.  
18 Incorporated Chapter 2 of Title II applicable to agricultural products applies mutatis mutandis  to the 
"agricultural component". At the date the factual presentation was drafted, the UK authori ties had indicated 
that the UK was not applying an agricultural component.  
19 See Section 3.1.4 below.  
20 Initial reference was made to the Commission Regulation (EC) No 3223/94. Regulation as amended 
by Regulation (EC) No 386/2005 (OJ L 62, 9.3.2005, p.3) a nd possible subsequent amendment.  
21 At the date the factual presentation was drafted, the UK authorities had indicated that the UK was not 
applying the entry price system, which meant that any entry price component that previously applied to 
imports from J ordan under the EU -Jordan Agreement was not being applied by the UK and such products could 
enter duty -free. WT/REG453/1  
 
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  3.17.  The UK 's applied MFN tariff in 2021 consisted of 9,494 lines at the eight -digit level (HS 2017). 
90.72% of the tariff rates were ad valorem  and 8 81 lines had non -ad valorem  tariffs.22 
3.18.  Table 3.1 shows tariff elimination commitments by the UK under the Agreement. A 
comparison is made between these tariffs  resulting from the implementation of the Agreement  and 
the corresponding MFN tariffs that are ap plicable to these products.  
3.19.  In 2021, 4,46 2 lines were duty free on an MFN basis, representing 47% of the UK's tariff, 
corresponding to 67.6% of its imports from Jordan during 2018 -2020. By virtue of the EU -Jordan 
Agreement, the UK liberalized  an additiona l 4,53 7lines (47.8% of the UK's tariff) which  became 
duty-free for imports from Jordan . This resulted in 94.8% of the UK's tariff becoming duty free, 
corresponding to almost all its imports from Jordan during the period 2018 -2020.23 495 tariff lines 
remain  dutiable, representing 5.2% of the UK's tariff and corresponding to a negligeable share  of 
imports from Jordan during 2018 -2020.  
Table 3.1: United Kingdom: Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and 
corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out p eriod  Tariff lines in UK's tariff schedule  UK's imports from Jordan  (2018 -20)a  
Number  % Value (USD 
million)b % 
2021 (MFN)  4,462 47.0 48.8 67.6 
2021 4,537 47.8 23.4 32.4 
Remain dutiable  495 5.2 0.0 0.0 
TOTAL  9,494  100.0  72.2 100.0  
a Import coverage is for HS chapters 1 -97. Totals exclude values that are suppressed at the product 
line level due to being potentially disclosive.  
b The import values were reported in GBP and converted into USD using the exchange rates of 
0.749531540259847(2018), 0.783445110011929 (2019) and 0.779999576697153 (2020).  
Note:  Certain products in the UK schedule are classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level. In cases where the 
8-digit contains both dutiable and duty -free sub -lines the entire 8 -digit line is recorded as d utiable.  
 Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by UK.  
 
3.20.  Table 3.2 shows the UK's tariff elimination, by HS section. The 495 lines excluded from tariff 
elimination are found in HS Sections I (live animals), II (vegetable products), III (animal or 
vegetable fats and oils), and IV (prepared food). These Sections c orrespond to HS Chapters 3, 6, 15 
(tariff lines subject to specific duties only), 16, and 19. Average tariffs on the lines remaining subject 
to duties range from 3.2% for products classified in HS Chapter 6 (live trees and other plants, as 
well as  cut flow ers) to 18.7% for products classified in HS Chapter 16 (preparations of meat, of fish 
or of crustaceans) and are equivalent to their corresponding MFN average, except for Chapter 6 as 
depicted in Chart 3.1.  
Table 3.1 The United Kingdom: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 202 1 
Duty Free Lines  under  
the Agreement (2021)  Remain 
Dutiable  Avg. Dutiable 
Tariff  Avg. 
Tariff 
(%) No. of 
lines  Duty 
free 
lines  
I 8.9 956 109 426 421 10.8 
II 4.4 554 213 333 8 3.2 
III 4.8 129 30 96 3 * 
IV 12.9 869 119 687 63 18.5 
V 0.4 231 202 29   
VI 2.7 1,226  550 676   
VII 3.7 301 86 215   
 
22 647 lines with specific duties, 230 with compound duties, and 4 with mixed duties.  
23 In comparison around 8.4% of the EU tariff remains dutiable for imports from Jordan in 2021, the 
difference due to the larger share of MFN duty free lines in the UK tariff.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  HS 
Section  MFN 202 1 
Duty Free Lines  under  
the Agreement (2021)  Remain 
Dutiable  Avg. Dutiable 
Tariff  Avg. 
Tariff 
(%) No. of 
lines  Duty 
free 
lines  
VIII 1.4 130 73 57   
IX 1.1 235 189 46   
X 0.0 195 195    
XI 7.0 1,149  243 906   
XII 7.3 106 17 89   
XIII 2.0 234 162 72   
XIV 0.5 58 47 11   
XV 0.6 955 804 151   
XVI 0.7 1,338  981 357   
XVII 3.7 286 121 165   
XVIII 0.6 299 218 81   
XIX 1.4 22 7 15   
XX 1.4 214 89 125   
XXI 0.0 7 7    
Total  3.8 9,494  4,462 4,537 495 11.7 
* Remain dutiable tariffs lines subject to specific rates only.  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation. For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are inclu ded. 
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, the average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. The products classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level are counted once and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digit level.  
 Based o n the HS 201 7 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by UK.  
Chart 3.1 The United Kingdom: Average of dutiable rates on excluded lines, by HS 
Chapter  
 
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation. For the calculation of averages, 
specific rates are excluded, and the ad valorem  part of altern ate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, the average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. The products classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level are counted once and their tariff rates 
are averaged to the 8 -digit level.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the UK.  
0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%18%20%
03 06 15 16 19
HS ChapterPreferential MFNAverage Duty Rate
*Tariff lines subject to specific duties only.*WT/REG453/1  
 
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  3.1.3.2   Jordan  
3.21.  The Agreement incorporates the tariff commitments made by Jordan under the EU -Jordan 
Association Agreement. These commitments foresaw the abolition of customs duties and other 
charges applied by Jordan to imports from the UK, in accordance with the corresponding schedule 
of elimination, with a number of exceptions and restrictions. At the entry into force of the Agreement, 
Jordan's tariff elimination under the EU -Jordan Associat ion Agreement had been fully implemented . 
Thus, with regard to tariff elimination commitments, the Agreement makes no changes with regard 
to commitments made and implemented under the EU -Jordan Association Agreement .  
3.22.  With respect to industrial products, t he possibility for Jordan to retain an "agricultural 
component" in its customs duties is also governed by the incorporated Article 10 (point 2). A list of 
such products is in incorporated Annex II .24 Some limitations and modalities of application for the 
levy of the "agricultural component" by Jordan are indicated in incorporated Article 10.  For a limited 
number of processed agricultural products, the incorporated Agreement also fores ees that Jordan 
could maintain customs duties, at a reduced level25, instead of being  eliminated  for a limited number 
of products .26 
3.23.  With respect to agricultural products, under the incorporated Protocol 2, Jordan commits to 
eliminate customs duties on import s of certain agricultural products originating in the UK .27 For a 
limited number of agricultural products, the incorporated Agreement foresees that Jordan could 
reduce customs duties,28, rather than eliminating them for a limited number of products .29 Based on 
the liberalization resulting from the implementation of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement, while 
some agricultural products originating in the UK can, since the entry into force of the Agreement (1 
May 2021), continue to enter the territory of Jorda n duty -free and quota -free some products have 
not been fully liberalized but benefit from a 40% reduction over Jordan's base rate (e.g. wines, grape 
must and other fermented beverages), while some other categories of products are excluded from 
tariff liber alization or reduction (e.g. frozen poultry meat, olive oil, sausages, preserved meat, white 
sugar, unmanufactured tobacco and tobacco refuse).  
3.24.  Jordan 's applied MFN tariff in 2021 consisted of 6,952 lines at the eight -digit level (HS 2017). 
99.42% of the tariff rates were ad valorem  and 40 lines had non -ad valorem  tariffs.30 
3.25.  Table 3.3 shows tariff elimination commitments by Jordan under the Agreement. Like in the 
case of the United Kingdom, a  comparison is made between tariffs  liberalized under the Agreeme nt 
and the corresponding MFN tariffs . 
3.26.  In 2021, 3,684 lines were duty free on an MFN basis, representing 53% of Jordan's total tariff, 
corresponding to 56.5% of its imports from the UK during 2018 -2020. By virtue of the EU -Jordan 
Agreement, i mmediately foll owing the entry into force of the Agreement, an additional 3,069 lines 
(44.1% of Jordan's tariff) also became duty -free for imports from the UK. This resulted in 97.1% of 
Jordan's tariff becoming duty free, corresponding to 98.9% of its total imports from the UK during 
the period 2018 -2020. 199 tariff lines remain dutiable, representing 2.9% of Jordan's tariff and 
corresponding to 1.1% of imports from the UK during 2018 -2020.  
 
 
24 This list covers some dairy products (part of HS 0403), as well as some sweetcorn (HS 0711 90 30); 
and some ethyl alcohol; spirits; liqueurs and other spirituous beverages (part of HS 2208).  
25 This is particularly the case for products such as bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers wares 
in list F of the incorporated Annex III. Jordan confirms that c ustoms duties are still levied for i mports from UK 
on products listed in List F and List G of EU -Jordan Annex III.  
26 This is particularly the case for certain alcoholic beverages and tobacco products in list G of the 
incorporated Annex III.  
27 The products and the conditions applicable to the abolition of customs duties are listed in an Annex to 
the incorporated Protocol  2.  
28 This is particularly the case for products contained in Category F of the list in the Annex to the 
incorporated Protocol 2.  
29 This is particularly the case for products contained in Category G of the list in the Annex to the 
incorporated Protocol 2.  Jordan confirms that, f or agricultural products, customs duties are still levied on 
products listed under Category F and Category G of Protocol 2.  
30 Thirty -six lines with specific duties, and 4 with compound duties.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  Table 3.3 Jordan: Tariff elimination commitments under the Ag reement and 
corresponding average trade  
Duty phase -out 
period  Number 
of lines  % of total lines 
in Jordan 's tariff 
schedule  Value of Jordan 's 
imports from the UK  a 
(2018 -2020)  
USD million  % of Jordan 's 
total imports 
from  
the UK  
(2018 -2020)  
2021 (MFN)  3,684  53.0 118.2  56.5 
2021 3,069  44.1 88.7 42.4 
Remain dutiable  199 2.9 2.4 1.1 
TOTAL  6,952  100.0  209.3  100.0  
a Covers HS chapters 1 -97. 
Note:  Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Jordanian authorities.  
 
3.27.  Table 3.4 shows Jordan's tariff elimination, by HS section. The 199 lines excluded from tariff 
elimination once implementation is completed are found in HS Sections I (live animals), and IV 
(prepared food). These correspond to HS Chapters 2, 3, 16, 19, 22, and 24 with final average 
preferential and MFN tariffs at the same level except for Chapter 19 where the average preferential 
rate is lower than the MFN rate, as depicted in Chart  3.2. Tariff lines in HS Chapter 22 are subject 
to entry price s and therefore only take the form of specific duties.  
Table 3.4 Jordan: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS Section  
HS 
Section  MFN 
Average  
% No. of 
lines  Duty -free 
lines 
under 
MFN 20 21 Number of duty -free 
lines under the 
Agreement  Remaining 
dutiable 
lines  Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  2021  
I 10.5 404 159 125 120 20.3 
II 15.9 380 106 274   
III 11.7 70 38 32   
IV 20.3 319 97 143 79 47.1 
V 7.9 176 112 64   
VI 1.9 1,034  829 205   
VII 5.0 307 186 121   
VIII 13.2 75 36 39   
IX 8.2 177 110 67   
X 12.0 227 105 122   
XI 8.2 834 476 358   
XII 25.5 49 6 43   
XIII 16.6 205 63 142   
XIV 13.9 62 9 53   
XV 11.7 803 369 434   
XVI 8.9 1,093  684 409   
XVII 8.1 264 164 100   
XVIII 13.8 293 106 187   
XIX 25.5 22  22   
XX 22.9 149 28 121   
XXI 23.9 9 1 8   
Total  9.9 6,952  3,684  3,069  199 29.0 
Note:  For tariff lines with non -ad valorem  components, only the ad valorem  part of the rate was included 
in the calculation of the tariff averages . 
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Jordanian authorities.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  Chart 3.2 Jordan: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Ch apter  
 
Note:  * HS chapter 22 contains specific duties only.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature . 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Jordanian authorities.  
 
3.1.4   Tariff rate quotas  
3.28.  From the tariff rate quotas that were in place under the EU -Jordan Association Agreement, 
and which are modified by the Agreement, TRQ commitments are made by the UK with respect to 
fresh cut flowers and for virgin olive oil , as indicated in Table 3.5 below . With respect to the two 
covered products Jordan 's exports benefit from a duty -free in -quota rate for a yearly volume of 
1,634 tonnes net weight for products under each tariff line ; the volume is fixed and does not increase 
over time . Moreover, out -of-quota duties are reduced by 60% of the MFN rate for fresh cut flowers.  
The administration period for the tariff quota is 1 January to 31  December.  
Table 3.5 Tariff rate quotas applied by the UK  (adjustment31 to the original Annex to 
Protocol 1 of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement)32 
Tariff lines  Description  In quota rate 
(%) Yearly tariff quota 
volume (tonnes net 
weight)  Reduction of MFN 
customs duty for out of 
quota imports (%)  
0603.11.00, 
0603.12.00, 
0603.13.00, 
0603.14.00, 
0603.15.00, 
0603.19.10, 
0603.19.20, 
and 
0603.19.70  Cut flowers, fresh  zero From 2010 on: 1,634  60 
1509.10.10, 
1509.10.20, 
and 
1509.10.80  Virgin olive oil  zero From 2010 on: 1,634  zero 
Source:  Annex 1 to the Agreement (Modifications to Protocol 1)  and the data provided by the UK.  
 
31 As a result of the UK leaving the EU, TRQs administered by the UK and partner countries have been 
resized to reflect the fact that the UK is a smaller import and export market than the E U. According to the 
Parties, solutions were agreed with partner countries to set quotas to a level that would allow for continuity of 
historical trade flows, in most circumstances, for importers and exporters from both sides. The TRQs provided 
in the UK -Jordan Agreement have been calculated using historic trade flow data.  
32 This explains why references are made to the CN codes corresponding to Commission Regulation (for 
Tariff lines code classification, indicated in first column), and why yearly tariff quot a volume refers to 2010 (a 
date predating the conclusion of the UK -Jordan Association Agreement).  
020406080100120
2 3 16 19 22* 24Average Duty Rate (%)
HS ChapterPreferential MFNWT/REG453/1  
 
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  3.29.  Jordan does not make any commitment in the form of preferential TRQs  and has no MFN TRQs 
either .  
3.2  Rules of origin  
3.30.  Under the EU -Jordan Association Agreement, the concept of "originating products" for the 
application of the provision on trade in goods, and the methods of administrative cooperation relating 
to them are set out in Article 28 and Protocol 3 of the EU -Jorda n Association Agreement. While the 
Agreement incorporates these provisions, a specific Annex to the Agreement (Annex II) sets out text 
which  replaces the text in  Protocol 3 of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement as well as the EU -
Jordan Joint Declarations concerning the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino. The 
text in Annex II to the Agreement is built on, and largely replicates Protocol 3 of the EU -Jordan 
Association Agreement, though with some adjustments, in particular with respect to cumulation of 
origin.  
3.31.  A joint declaration completes the set of provisions on rules of origin to be applied in the 
implementation of the Agreement.  
3.32.  The structure of the text in Annex II is almost identical to the structure of the text in 
incorporated Proto col 3, which it replaces.  Title I of Protocol 3 contains general provisions, essentially 
definitions, while Title  II of Protocol 3 contains the disciplines applicable for the definition of the 
concept of "originating products" .33 Title III of Protocol 3 covers territorial requirements, while Title 
IV of Protocol 3 contains disciplines on drawback of, or exemption from, customs duties. Title V of 
Protocol 3 establishes procedural rules and applicable modalities with respect to proof of origin , and 
Title VI of Protocol 3 defines arrangements for administrative cooperation. The final provisions are 
contained in Title VIII  of Protocol 3 . 
3.33.  A product qualifies as originating  when it :  
a. is wholly obtained in a Party as defined in Article 5  of Protocol 3; or 
b. is obtained in a Party, incorporating materials which have not been wholly obtained 
there, provide d that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing in 
a Party, within the meaning of Article 6  of Protocol 3.  
3.34.  Article 6 of Protocol 3  defines what confers the quality of being sufficiently worked or 
processed . Complemented with the list in incorporated Annex II to Protocol 3, which contains product 
specific rules of origin, Article 6 of Protocol 3 describes how products acquire the qual ity of 
"sufficiently worked or processed product". It outlines the conditions that need to be fulfilled for 
products that are not wholly obtained to be considered to have undergone sufficient production and 
to qualify as originating. In a limited number of  cases, however, the only condition to be met in the 
context of the determination of the origin is to be wholly obtained in a Party.34 A change in tariff 
classification resulting from manufacturing in one of the Party constitutes the main criterion for a 
product to qualify as originating. Used alone or combined, usually with a change in tariff heading, 
the value of non -originating material used in the production of a product is often used as an 
alternative criterion as is the case for products classified in  a large number  of HS Chapters. The 
added -value criteria is used either as a single condition, as a cumulative condition, or as an 
alternative condition. The level of non-originating content permitted varies from  20% to 50%. For 
some products a specific ma nufacturing or processing operation can confer origin, either as a unique 
criterion or combined with an alternative criterion.35 A de minimis  tolerance rule of 10% of the 
ex-works price of the product is applicable to non -originating materials used in the production of a 
product. As an exception to the general tolerance rule, tolerance for textiles and apparel products36 
shall be determined in accordance with the special rules set out in Annex II to Protocol 3.  
 
33 Title VII of Protocol 3 clarifies on the status of products originating in Ceuta and Melilla.  
34 This is particularly the case for goods classified under HS  Chapters 1 -8, sometimes, for a limited number 
of specific items, with additional criteria (value added content or required processing operation).  
35 This is the case particularly for chemical and textiles products.  
36 Applicable to textile and apparel produ cts of HS Chapters 50 through 63.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  3.35.  Regardless of whether the above -mentioned req uirements are satisfied, a number of 
operations are considered as insufficient working or processing to confer the status of originating 
products as listed in Article 7 of Protocol 3.  
3.36.  Articles 8 through 14  of Protocol 3  contain disciplines on the unit of qualification; accessories, 
spare parts and tools; sets; neutral elements; principle of territoriality; direct transport, and 
exhibitions .  
3.37.  Prohibition on drawback of, or exemption from, customs duties are governed by Ar ticle 15 of 
Protocol 3. The prohibition does not preclude the application of an export refund system for 
agricultural products, applicable upon export in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement. 
Moreover, the prohibition on drawback of, or exemptio n from, customs duties shall not apply if the 
products are considered as originating in the UK or Jordan without application of cumulation with 
materials originating in Switzerland (including Liechtenstein), Turkey or one of the countries referred 
to in Ar ticles 3(2) and 4(2).37 
3.38.  The provisions on proof of origin are u nchanged as compared with the EU -Jordan Association 
Agreement and are provided under Title V  of Protocol 3 . In particular, Articles 16 through 31 cover 
aspects such as: general requirements for  proof of origin, procedure s for issu ing a movement 
certificate EUR.1 or EUR -MED; accounting segregation; approved exporter; validity of proof or origin; 
submission of proof of origin; importation by instalments; exemptions from proof or origin; and 
suppor ting documents. References to EU customs documents, as well as the reference to euros, 
whenever appropriate, is retained in the Agreement.  
3.39.  Cumulation of origin is governed by Article 3 of Protocol 3 for products to be deemed 
originating in the UK and by Ar ticle 4 of Protocol 3 for products to be deemed originating in Jordan. 
Bilateral cumulation as well as cumulation of content from other third parties are foreseen under 
certain conditions.  
3.40.  With respect to cumulation in the UK, products shall be considered  as originating in the UK if 
they are obtained there, incorporating materials originating in Switzerland (including Liechtenstein), 
Iceland, Norway, Turkey, or the EU38, provided that more than insufficient working or processing is 
performed. With respect to cumulation in Jordan, products shall be considered as originating in 
Jordan if they are obtained there, incorporating materials originating in the UK, Switzerland 
(including Liechtenstein), Iceland, Norway, Turkey, or the EU, provided that more than ins ufficient 
working or processing is performed. For both Parties, cumulation is also possible when 
transformation takes place in the following countries: Algeria; Egypt; Israel; Lebanon; Morocco; the 
Palestinian authority; Syria; Tunisia; Albania; Bosnia and  Herzegovina; North Macedonia; 
Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; the Faroe Islands39; Moldova; Georgia; and Ukraine. Where the 
working or processing carried out in a Party does not go beyond "minimal operations", the product 
obtained shall be considered as origi nating in that Party only if the value added there is greater than 
the value of the materials used that originate in any one of the above -mentioned countries. If this 
is not so, the product obtained shall be considered as originating in the country which a ccounts for 
the highest value of originating materials used for manufacture in the concerned Party.40 
3.41.  The cumulation of EU content will be applied if the UK, Jordan and the EU have an 
arrangement on administrative cooperation which ensures the correct impl ementation of cumulation 
rules. Moreover, materials and products must have acquired originating status by the application of 
rules of origin identical to those in Protocol 3, as modified; and notices indicating the fulfilment of 
the necessary requirements to apply cumulation have been published by the Parties. The UK 
 
37 Algeria; Egypt; Israel; Lebanon; Morocco; the Palestinian authority; Syria; Tunisia; Albania; Bosnia 
and Herzegovina; North Macedonia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; the Faroe Islands (represented by 
Denmark); Moldova; Geor gia; and Ukraine  
38 Working or processing carried out in Iceland, Norway or the EU shall be considered as having been 
carried out in the UK also when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in the UK 
that goes beyond "minimal operatio ns". 
39 Represented by Denmark.  
40 With respect to the UK, for cumulation provided when working or processing is carried out in Iceland, 
Norway or the EU, and the products obtained undergo subsequent insufficient working or processing in the UK, 
the product obtained shall still be considered as originating in the UK where the value added there is greater 
than the value added in any of the other countries.  WT/REG453/1  
 
- 19 - 
 
  authorities have confirmed that the relevant conditions have been fulfilled and that cumulation is 
therefore in effect in bilateral trade between Jordan and the UK.  
3.42.  With regard to the other co untries cumulation may be applied if a regional trade agreement 
consistent with Article XXIV of the GATT 1994 is applicable between the countries involved in the 
acquisition of the originating status and the country of destination41. This is subject to the  same 
above -mentioned transparency procedures.  
3.43.  The Parties shall provide each other, with details of the arrangements, including their dates 
of entry into force, and their corresponding rules of origin, which are applied with the other above -
mentioned cou ntries.42  
3.44.  Arrangements for administrative cooperation agreed by the Parties under Title VI of 
Protocol  343 include the provision to each other with specimen impressions of stamps used in their 
customs offices and addresses of the customs authorities responsible for verifying certificates and 
invoice declarations. The Parties also agree to assist each other and  provide mutual assistance for 
checking the authenticity of the required documents. Cooperation and assistance is also to be 
provided with regards to verification of proofs or origin. Disputes which may arise in relation to the 
verification procedures (con tained in Article 33 of Protocol 3) which cannot be settled between the 
customs authorities or questions which may be raised as to the interpretation of the incorporated 
Protocol 3 on rules of origin, shall be submitted to the Association Committee. The se ttlement of 
disputes between an importer and the customs authorities of the importing country shall however 
take place under the legislation of that country. The Agreement foresees that the Parties enforce 
penalties in cases of presentation of fraudulent d ocuments or the submission of incorrect 
information.  
3.45.  With respect to free zones, the Parties commit to take all necessary steps to ensure that 
products trade under cover of a proof of origin which in the course of transport use a free zone 
situated in thei r territory, are not substituted by other goods and do not undergo handling other 
than normal operations designed to prevent their deterioration. In case a product undergoes 
treatment or processing, while imported into a free zone, a new movement certifica te shall be issued 
by the authorities.  
3.46.  In the context of their commitments to increase economic cooperation, the Parties have 
identified the simplification of controls and procedures concerning the customs clearance of goods, 
and the use of the single admi nistrative document and a system to link up the Parties' transit 
arrangements.  
3.47.  Two Joint Declarations complement Annex II to the Agreement. A Joint Declaration concerning 
the Principality of Andorra (contained as Annex B to Annex II to the Agreement) conf irms that 
industrial products (under Chapters 25 -97 of the Harmonized System) originating in the Principality 
of Andorra meeting the conditions of Articles 3(7)(b)(ii) or 4(5)(b)(ii) of the incorporated Protocol 3 
shall be accepted by the Parties as origin ating in the EU within the meaning of the incorporated 
Agreement. A similar Joint Declaration concerning the Republic of San Marino, is also attached to 
Annex II to the Agreement (contained as Annex C to Annex II to the Agreement) which applies to 
both agr icultural and industrial goods.  
3.48.  A Joint Declaration concerning a trilateral approach to the rules of origin was adopted in 
relation to the incorporated Protocol 3 (as modified by Annex II to the Agreement). It states that, 
in advance of trade negotiations  between the EU and the UK, the UK and Jordan recognise that a 
trilateral approach to rules of origin, involving the EU, is the preferred outcome in trading 
arrangements between the UK and Jordan and the EU. The Parties affirm that this approach would 
replicate coverage of trade flows at the time the Agreement was negotiated and allow for continued 
recognition of originating content from either the UK or Jordan and from the EU in exports to each 
other, as per the intention of the EU-Jordan Association Agree ment. In this regard, the UK and 
Jordan understand that any bilateral arrangement between them represents a first step towards this 
 
41 The UK authorities have confirmed that the UK has trade agreements with Switzerland, Iceland, 
Norway an d Turkey as well as with all countries listed in Annex A with the exception of Montenegro, the Syrian 
Arab Republic, the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria and Bosnia and Herzegovina.  
42 The UK authorities have confirmed that the UK has fulfilled this obligation.  
43 In particular in Articles 32 through 36 . WT/REG453/1  
 
- 20 - 
 
  outcome. In the event of an agreement between the UK and the EU, the UK and Jordan approve 
taking urgent necessary steps, to  update the incorporated Protocol 3 to reflect a trilateral approach 
to the rules of origin involving the EU. The necessary steps will be taken in accordance with the 
procedures of the Association Council contained in the incorporated Protocol 3.  
3.3  Export d uties and charges, and quantitative restrictions  
3.49.  The Agreement incorporates the provisions of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement on export 
duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions , which under  Article 18 stipulates that the Parties 
shall not appl y to exports between themselves either customs duties or charges having equivalent 
effect, or quantitative restrictions or measures having equivalent effect.  
3.4  Regulatory provisions of the agreement  
3.4.1   Standards  
3.50.  The incorporated Agreement does not contain any specific provision on standards. However, 
the incorporated Article 57 confirms the Parties' aim to reduce differences in standardi zation and 
conformity assessment. To this end, the Parties shall conclude where appropriate agreements on 
mutual r ecognition in the field of conformity assessment.  Moreover, standardi zation and conformity 
assessment44; is among the issues  identified for increased economic cooperation between the 
Parties. Cooperation in this field shall be aimed in particular at upgrad ing the level of Jordanian 
conformity assessment bodies, with a view to the establishment, in due time and to the extent 
feasible, of agreements of mutual recognition of conformity assessment. The development of the 
structure and bodies for the protection of intellectual, industrial and commercial property, for 
standardi zation and for setting quality standards is also identified as a particular aim of inter -Party 
cooperation.  
3.4.1.1   Sanitary and phytosanitary measures  
3.51.  There is no specific provision on sanitary and  phytosanitary measures in the Agreement. 
Nevertheless, the right for the UK and Jordan to apply prohibitions or restrictions on trade in goods 
under the UK -Jordan Association Agreement on the basis of various public policy reasons, including 
the protectio n of health and life of humans, animals or plants, is preserved through the incorporation 
of Articles 27 and 71 of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement.   
3.4.1.2   Technical barriers to trade  
3.52.  There is no specific chapter on technical barriers to trade in the Agreemen t. The Parties 
however agree to cooperate on standardization and conformity assessment in the incorporated 
Articles 57 and 68.  
3.4.2   Safeguard mechanisms  
3.53.  The Agreement incorporates the relevant provisions of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement 
which provide for  the application of certain types of safeguard measures.   
3.4.2.1   Global safeguards  
3.54.  The Agreement does not make any specific references to global safeguard measures as 
provided for under the WTO framework.  
3.4.2.2   Bilateral safeguards  
3.55.  The incorporated Article 24 addresses the situation when any product originating in a Party is 
being imported in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to cause or threaten to 
cause, in the other Party, serious injury to domestic producers of like or directly competitive 
products, or serious disturbances in any sector of the economy of the other Party. In such cases, 
and under the conditions and in accordance with the procedures laid down in the incorporated 
 
44 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 68.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  Article  26, a Party may take appr opriate measures. Priority must nevertheless be given to measures 
which least disturb the functioning of the Agreement. Notification of safeguard measures and 
requirements to conduct consultations under the auspices of the Association Committee are also 
foreseen under the incorporated provisions. Where exceptional circumstances requiring immediate 
action make prior information or examination impossible, the Party concerned may, apply 
precautionary measures as are strictly necessary to remedy the situation, and shall inform the other 
Party immediately. Measures taken to remedy the problem must not exceed the scope of what is 
necessary to remedy the difficulties which have arisen.  
3.4.2.3   Specific safeguards for agriculture  
3.56.  The Agreement does not make any reference t o a specific safeguard mechanism for 
agricultural products and does not specifically refer to WTO disciplines in that regard.  
3.4.2.4   Other Safeguard measures  
3.57.  The possibility of imposing restrictive measures to trade in goods in order to safeguard a 
Party's balanc e-of-payments or external financial position is addressed in incorporated Article 52. 
Such measures shall be in accordance with the GATT 1994 .45 An incorporated Joint Declaration 
provides that, if, during the progressive implementation of the Association A greement, Jordan 
experiences serious balance -of-payments difficulties, consultations may be held during the Parties 
to work out the best ways and means of helping Jordan cope with these difficulties.  
3.4.3   Anti-dumping and countervailing measures  
3.58.  The Agreement incorporates the relevant provisions of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement 
governing the possibility for Parties to take antidumping measures. The incorporated Article 23 
allows a Party to take appropriate measures against a dumping practice  that takes place in trade of 
products originating in the other Party. S uch measures shall be taken in accordance with the WTO 
Agreement on implementation of Article VI of the GATT (the antidumping agreement). The conditions 
that need to be fulfilled and t he procedures that need to be followed are laid down in the incorporated 
Article  26, which are modelled on the WTO disciplines and procedures.  
3.59.  The Agreement does not contain any specific provisions related to countervailing measures. 
However, a reference t o WTO disciplines is made in the incorporated Title IV, in particular through 
the incorporated Article 53 (paragraph  3).46  
3.4.4   Subsidies and state -aid 
3.60.  The Agreement does not contain any specific rules related to subsidies and state -aid but a 
reference to thes e matters is made in the incorporated Title IV, in particular through the incorporated 
Article 53 (paragraphs 3 and 4) .47  
3.4.5   Customs -related procedures  
3.61.  Most provisions on customs procedures are essentially contained in Annex II to the 
Agreement, which replac es Protocol 3 of the incorporated Association Agreement, concerning the 
definition of the concept of "originating products" and methods of administrative cooperation .48 
Additionally, customs49; is among the sectors identified for increased cooperation betw een the 
Parties. The Parties commit to developing customs cooperation to ensure that the provisions on 
trade are observed. Cooperation shall focus on the simplification of controls and procedures 
concerning the customs clearance of goods, and the use of th e single administrative document and 
a system to link up the Parties' transit arrangements.  
 
45 Also see below section 4.2 on current payment and capital movements.  
46 See below section 4.10.  
47 See below section 4.10.  
48 See above section 3. 2 on rules of origin.  
49 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 76.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  3.4.6   Trade in services  
3.62.  The incorporated Title III (Right of establishment and services) of the EU -Jordan Association 
Agreement covers right of establishment.  
3.63.  The rules  on establishment contained in Chapter 1 also apply to companies, including 
subsidiaries and branches, which are involved in trade in goods.  
3.64.  The Incorporated Article 30 addresses the treatment which each Party commits to provide to 
companies of the other Party with respect to establishment and operation in its territory. The UK 
grants Most Favoured Nation (MFN) treatment to Jordanian companies as regards the right to 
establish in the UK. The UK also grants MFN to branches of Jordanian companies and, subject to the 
reservations listed in Annex V to the Incorporated Association Agreement, National Treatment (NT) 
to subsidiaries of Jordanian companies – in either case in respect of their operations in the UK.  
Jordan grants the better of NT and MFN treatm ent to UK companies as regards their right to establish 
in Jordan, subject to the reservations listed in Annex VI. The better of NT and MFN treatment is also 
granted by Jordan to subsidiaries and branches of UK companies in respect to their operations in 
Jordan. The provisions of Incorporated Article 30 are, however, not applicable to the air transport, 
inland waterways transport and, with the exception of certain activities carried out by shipping 
agencies, the maritime transport sectors.  
3.65.  The incorporated Article 34 govern s temporary entry and stay of natural persons for business 
purposes employed in subsidiaries and/or branches of companies established in the other Party. 
While requirements and procedures are defined by the legislation in force in the host  country, some 
rules are established regarding the granting of temporary entry and stay in their territories of key 
personnel, including persons working in senior positions, persons possessing uncommon and 
essential knowledge, as well as "intra -corporate t ransferee".  
3.66.  The incorporated Article 35 foresees the possibility for the Parties to provide for the mutual 
recognition of qualifications.  
3.67.  Chapter 2 of the incorporated Title III specifically addresses cross -border supply of services50, 
though the Parties have not exchanged specific commitments with respect to trade in services. The 
Parties, nevertheless, undertake to consider the development of the incorporated Title III with a 
view to the establishment of an "economic integration agre ement" as defined in Article V of the GATS 
(The incorporated Article 40). The incorporated Article 44 sets a "GATS cap " with respect to 
treatment that may be granted by either Party to the other in respect of sectors or measures covered 
by the GATS.  
3.68.  Under  the incorporated Article 37, the Parties commit to use their best endeavours to allow 
progressively the supply of services by UK or Jordanian companies established in the territory of a 
Party other than that of the person for whom the services are intende d, taking into account the 
development of the services sectors in the Parties.  
3.69.  Incorporated Articles 38 and 39 contain several provisions with respect to transport services. 
For example, with a view to assuring the coordinated development of transport bet ween the Parties, 
adapted to their commercial needs, the conditions of mutual market access and provision of serves 
in transport by road, rail, and inland waterways and, if applicable, in air transport may be dealt with 
by specific agreements where appropr iate. Moreover, with respect to maritime transport, the Parties 
undertake to apply effectively the principle of unrestricted access to the international market and 
traffic on a commercial basis .51  
3.70.  With respect to financial services, the incorporated Artic le 46 reserves the possibility for the 
Parties to take any measures for prudential reasons.  Financial services52 is among the sectors 
identified for increased economic cooperation between the Parties, in particular with respect to the 
strengthening and res tructuring of the sector in Jordan, and the improvement of accounting and 
 
50 The provisions of the incorporated Title III shall not be applied to activities which in the territory of 
either Party are connected, even occasionally, with the exercise of of ficial authority.  
51 The incorporated Article 39 provides for specific provisions with respect to cargo -sharing 
arrangements, or access to ports, use of infrastructure and auxiliary maritime services of ports, inter alia . 
52 Details are contained in the inco rporated Article 70.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  supervisory and regulatory systems of banking, insurance and other financial sectors in Jordan. An 
incorporated Joint Declaration provides that the UK and Jordan will take appropriat e action to 
encourage and assist Jordanian business, through technical and financial support.   
3.71.  Among other services sectors, education and training53; transport54, in particular with respect 
to the restructuring and modernization of road, port and airport infrastructures, the gradual easing 
of transit requirements, and the improvement of management of airports, railways and air traffic 
control; energy55; and tourism56, are also among the sectors identified for increased economic 
cooperation between the Part ies. Cooperation shall also focus on information infrastructures and 
telecommunications .57  
4  GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  
4.1  Transparency  
4.1.  There is no specific section o n transparency. There are however a number of transparency 
disciplines  in various parts of the Agreement requiring information and/or notifications to be provided 
by the Parties.  
4.2  Current payments and capital movements  
4.2.  In the incorporated Title IV (Payments,  capital movements and other economic matters) of the 
EU-Jordan Association Agreement Chapter I covers payments and capital movements.  
4.3.  The Parties agree that current payments connected with the movement of goods, persons, 
services and capital within the f ramework of the Agreement shall be free of restrictions (incorporated 
Article 48) and that there shall be no restrictions on the movement of capital from the UK to Jordan 
and on the movement of capital involving direct investment from Jordan58 to the UK (i ncorporated 
Article 49). The Agreement is nevertheless without prejudice to the application of any restrictions 
which exist between the Parties on the date of entry into force of the Agreement, in respect of the 
movement of capital between them involving d irect investment, including real estate, and 
establishment. However, the transfer abroad of investments made in Jordan by UK residents or in 
the UK by Jordanian residents and of any profits stemming therefrom shall not be affected 
(incorporated Article 50) .  
4.4.  The Agreement foresees that the Parties hold consultations with a view to achieving complete 
liberalization of capital movements as soon as conditions are met.  
4.5.  The Parties may take safeguard measures with regards to movements of capital between them 
for a period not exceeding six months if measures are strictly necessary to cope with the exceptional 
circumstances occurring when movements of capital between the Parties cause, or threaten to cause, 
serious difficulties for the operation of exchange -rate p olicy or monetary policy in either of the Party. 
Such measures shall be in conformity with the relevant provisions of the GATS (incorporated 
Article  51). Similarly, and with respect to trade in goods, where a Party faces or risks facing serious 
difficultie s concerning balance of payments, it may, in conformity with the conditions laid down under 
the GATT, take restrictive measures with regard to current payments if such measures are strictly 
necessary (incorporated Article 52).  
4.3  Exceptions  
4.3.1   General exceptions and Security exceptions  
4.6.  The Agreement incorporates the relevant provisions of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement 
governing the possibility for Parties to take safeguard measures. It does not make specific  reference 
 
53 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 63.  
54 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 72.  
55 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 74.  
56 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 75.  
57 Details a re contained in the incorporated Article 73.  
58 The Agreement clarifies that the outflow of Jordanian capital to the UK, other than direct investment, 
shall be subject to the prevailing laws in Jordan.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  to WTO disciplines governing general and/or security exceptions . It however contains language 
which, to a large extent, is similar. Nothing in the Agreement shall preclude prohibitions or 
restrictions on imports, exports or goods in transit justified on ground of public morality, publ ic 
policy, or public security; the protection of health and life of humans, animals, or plants; the 
protection national treasures possessing artistic, historic or archaeological value; or the protection 
of intellectual, industrial and commercial property o r regulations concerning gold and silver. Such 
prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a 
disguised restriction on trade between the Parties (incorporated Article 27).  
4.7.  The incorporated Article 41 a lso establishes that the provisions of the incorporated Title III 
(right of establishment and services) shall be applied to cross border trade in services subject to 
limitations justified on grounds of public policy, public security or public health.  
4.3.2   Taxa tion 
4.8.  As a principle, nothing in the Agreement shall have the effect of extending the fiscal advantages 
granted by either Party in an international agreement or arrangement by which it is bound; 
preventing the adoption or application by either Party of any measure aimed at preventing the 
avoidance or evasion of taxes; and/or opposing the right of either Party to apply the relevant 
provisions of its tax legislation to taxpayers who are not in identical situations, in particular as 
regards their place of resid ence (incorporated Article 100) . 
4.4  Accession and withdrawal  
4.9.  There is no specific provision concerning accession to the Agreement. However, the 
incorporated Article 104 provides that a Party may denounce the Agreement in writing by notifying 
the other Party. The Agreement shall cease to apply six months after the date of such notification .  
4.5  Institutional framework  
4.10.  The Agreement incorporates, and therefore replicates, the institutional framework of the EU -
Jordan Agreements. Article 8 of the Agreement clarifies certain elements with respect to the 
operation of the Association Council and the Association Committee.  
4.11.  The incorporated Article 89 establishes an Association Council, at ministerial level.  
4.12.  The Parties establish an Association Committee under the incorpor ated Article 92 which shall 
ensure that the Agreement operates properly. The Association Committee essentially oversees the 
operational functions related to the implementation of the Agreement, including the Council 's 
decisions and recommendations. The Ass ociation Committee reports to the Association Council and 
is intended to operate at a government official level.  
4.13.  Any decision adopted by the Association Council or the Association Committee established 
under the EU -Jordan Association Agreement before the EU-Jordan Association Agreement cease d to 
apply to the United Kingdom, shall, to the extent the decision relates to the Parties, be deemed to 
have been adopted, mutatis mutandis,  by the Association Council or the Association Committee 
under the Agreement. Nothing prevents however the Association Council or the Association 
Committee from taking decisions which modify, are different to, revoke or supersede the decisions 
taken under the previous EU -Jordan context.  
4.6  Dispute settlement  
4.14.  The Agreement incorporates the Protocol between the EU and Jordan establishing a dispute 
settlement mechanism applicable to disputes under the trade provisions of the EU -Jordan Association 
Agreement, done at Brussels on 11 February 201159, except for Article 23 of the incorporated D S 
Protocol .60 The incorporated DS Protocol applies with respect to any difference concerning the 
 
59 Hereinafter referred to as "the incorporated DS Protocol".  
60 The original document is available at https://eur -lex.europa.eu/legal -
content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AJOL_2011_177_R_0001_01 . It is referred in this section of the factual 
presentation as "the incorporated DS Protocol".  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  interpretation and application of the provisions of the incorporated Title II (free movement of goods), 
except for the incorporated Article 23 (antidumping)  and except as otherwise expressly provided .61  
4.15.  It provides for the establishment of a consultation mechanism (Article 3 of the incorporated 
DS Protocol); mediation (Article 4 of the incorporated DS Protocol); and arbitration procedures 
(Articles 5 through 8 of the incorporated DS Protocol). The procedures do not foresee the possibility 
for an appeal after the arbitration panel has made a ruling. However, a compliance mechanism is 
established to assess compliance with the arbitration panel ruling and temporary  remedies are 
available in case of non -compliance (Articles 9 through 13 of the incorporated DS Protocol). Annex  I 
to the incorporated DS Protocol contains rules of procedure for arbitration, while Annex II to the 
incorporated DS Protocol contains a code o f conduct for members of arbitration panels and 
mediators.  
4.16.  Recourse to the dispute settlement provisions of the incorporated DS Protocol is without 
prejudice to any action in the WTO framework, including dispute settlement action. However, once 
a forum has  been chosen for settling a dispute, a Party may not institute a dispute settlement 
proceeding regarding the same measure in the other forum until the first proceeding has ended. 
Moreover, a Party shall not seek redress in both fora for breach of an identi cal obligation under the 
Agreement and the WTO Agreement, unless the forum selected fails for procedural or jurisdictional 
reasons to make findings on the claim seeking redress of that obligation.  
4.17.  For settling dispute on all aspects of the Agreement other  than those covered by the 
incorporated Title II (free movement of goods), the Parties may have recourse to the provisions in 
the incorporated Article 97. In that case, each Party may refer any concerned dispute to the 
Association Council, which may settle  the dispute by means of a decision. Such decision is binding 
for the Parties. In the event it is not possible to settle the dispute by means of Association Council 
decision, either Party may notify the other of the appointment of an arbitrator. The other Party must 
then appoint a second arbitrator. The Association Council shall appoint a third arbitrator. The 
arbitrators ' decisions shall be taken by majority vote and each Party must take the steps required 
to implement the decision of the arbitrators.  
4.18.  The incorporated Article 101 permits a Party to take appropriate measures if it considers that 
the other Party has failed to fulfil an obligation under the Agreement. Before doing so, except in 
cases of special urgency, it shall provide the Association Council  with all relevant information 
required for a thorough examination of the situation with a view to seeking a solution acceptable to 
the Parties. The incorporated Joint Declaration Relating to Article 101 clarifies the meaning of cases 
of special urgency. I t also clarifies that if one Party takes a measure in a case of special urgency (in 
application of the incorporated Article 101), the other Party may invoke the dispute settlement 
procedure.  
4.7  Relationship with other agreements concluded by the Parties  
4.19.  As indicated at the beginning of the factual presentation, the Agreement is based on the EU -
Jordan Association Agreements and incorporates most of their provisions and modifies certain 
others. In the preamble of the incorporated EU -Jordan Association Agreement,  the Parties refer to 
their commitment to free trade, and in particular to compliance with the rights and obligations arising 
out of the GATT 1994.  
4.20.  Under the incorporated Article 22, the Parties agree that the Agreement shall not preclude 
the maintenance o r establishment of customs unions, free trade areas or arrangements for frontier 
trade, except in so far as they alter the trade arrangements provided for in the Agreement. 
Consultations between the Parties shall take place concerning agreements establishi ng customs 
unions or free trade areas and, where appropriate, on other major issues relate to their respective 
trade policy with third parties.  
4.21.  Table 4.1 below shows the Parties' RTAs in force, notified and non -notified, other than the 
Agreement.  
 
61 For disputes relating to the application and interpretations of other provisions of the Association 
Agreement, the incorporated Article 97 applies.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  Table 4.1 United Kingdom and Jordan: participation in other RTAs (notified and non -
notified in force), as of 1 March 2022  
RTA Name  Entry into 
force/provisional 
applicationa Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year  WTO Provision  
UNITED KINGDOM  
United Kingdom – Iceland, 
Liechtenstein and Norway  01-Dec-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom – Mexico  01-Jun-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Serbia  20-May-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Albania  03-May-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Ghana  05-Mar-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - United Kingdom  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2021 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Cameroon  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Canada  01-Jan-21 
01-Apr-21 Goods  
Services  2020 
2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - CARIFORUM 
States  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Central 
America  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Chile 01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Colombia  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Côte d'Ivoire  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Eastern and 
Southern Africa States  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Ecuador and 
Peru 01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Egypt  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Faroe Islands  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Georgia  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Israel  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Japan  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Kenya  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Kosovob 01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Lebanon  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Morocco  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - North 
Macedonia  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Norway and 
Iceland  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Pacific States  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
• United Kingdom - Pacific 
States - Accession of Samoa  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
• United Kingdom - Pacific 
States - Accession of 
Solomon Islands  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Palestine  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Republic of 
Korea  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Republic of 
Moldova  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - SACU and 
Mozambique  01-Jan-21 Goods  2021 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Singapore  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Switzerland - 
Liechtenstein  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Tunisia  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  RTA Name  Entry into 
force/provisional 
applicationa Coverage  GATT/WTO Notification  
Year  WTO Provision  
United Kingdom - Turkey  01-Jan-21 Goods  2020 GATT Art. XXIV  
United Kingdom - Ukraine  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
United Kingdom - Viet Nam  01-Jan-21 Goods & 
Services  2020 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
JORDAN  
Canada - Jordan  01-Oct-12 Goods  2013 GATT Art. XXIV  
Agadir Agreement  27-Mar-07 Goods  2016 Enabling Clause  
Jordan - Singapore  22-Aug-05 Goods & 
Services  2006 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
EFTA - Jordan  01-Sep-02 Goods  2002 GATT Art. XXIV  
EU - Jordan  01-May-02 Goods  2002 GATT Art. XXIV 
United States - Jordan  17-Dec-01 Goods & 
Services  2002 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V  
Pan-Arab Free Trade Area 
(PAFTA)c 01-Jan-98 Goods  2006 GATT Art. XXIV  
• PAFTA  - Accession of Algeria  01-Jan-09 Goods  Not notified  
• PAFTA  - Accession of 
Palestine  01-Jan-98 Goods  Not notified  
Jordan - Israel  19-Apr-96 Goods  Not notified  
a Dates of the first entry into force/provisional application for at least one of the Parties. Where dates of 
provisional application have been provided by the Parties, further notifications to confirm the dates of entry into 
force are awaited.  
b Reference to Kosovo in this table shall be understood to be in the context of the United Nations Security 
Council resolution 1244 (1999).  
c The notification made in 2006  (WT/REG223/N/1) indicated that the Parties to the PAFTA were as follows: 
Bahrain; Egypt; Iraq; Jordan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Libya; Morocco; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Sudan; Syria; 
Tunisia; the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. The Treaties of Accessions of Alg eria and Palestine are yet to be 
notified.  
Source:  WTO Secretariat. Further information on these Agreements and on specific dates of entry into 
force/provisional applications may be found in the WTO Database on RTAs: http://rtais.wto.org . 
 
4.8  Government procurement  
4.22.  The Agreement does not contain any specific commitments with respect to government 
procurement. However, in the incorporated Article 58 the Parties agree to a gradual liberal ization of 
public procurement. The Association Council is mandated to hold consultations on the 
implementation of this objective. To date, n o consultations on procurement have taken place as 
Parties are prioritising the setting up of governance structures.  The Association Council is aiming to 
meet in March 2022, and government procurement could be on the agenda if both Parties agree .  
4.23.  The United Kingdom has been (as a then -member state of the EU) a party to the WTO 
Agreement on Government Procurement ("GPA)  1994" since 1 January 1996 and is a party to the 
GPA 2012 since 1 January 2021. Jordan has been negotiating its accession since 8 March 2000.  
4.9  Intellectual property rights  
4.24.  The Parties shall grant and ensure adequate and effective protection of intellectual , industrial, 
and commercial property rights in accordance with the highest international standards, including 
effective means of enforcing such rights (incorporated Article 56). In addition, and in the 
incorporated Annex VII, Jordan makes  specific commitm ents to accede to several multilateral 
conventions on property rights. Jordan also undertakes to provide for adequate and effective 
protection of patents for chemicals and pharmaceuticals in line with Articles 27 to 34 of the WTO 
TRIPS Agreement.  
4.25.  An incorporated Joint Declaration provides that, for the purpose of the Agreement, 
intellectual, industrial and commercial property includes in particular copyright, including copyright 
in computer programs, and neighbouring rights; patents; industrial des igns; geographical WT/REG453/1  
 
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  indications, including appellations of origin; trademarks and service marks; topographies of 
integrated circuits; as well as protection against unfair competition as referred to in Article 10a of 
the Paris Convention for the Protection o f Industrial Property (Stockholm Act, 1967) and protection 
of undisclosed information on "know -how".  
4.10  Competition  
4.26.  In the incorporated Title IV (Payments, capital movements and other economic matters) of 
the EU -Jordan Association Agreement , Chapter 2 covers competition and other economic matters.  
4.27.  The incorporated Article 53 defines a number of practices which are incompatible with the 
proper functioning of the Association Agreement, such as agreements between undertakings, 
decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices between undertakings which have 
as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition. Abuse of a dominant 
position, as well as any public aid which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring 
certain undertakings or the production of certain goods are also listed. The Association Council was 
to adopt by decision the necessary rules for the implementation of the above -mentioned provisions.  
In the meantime, the pr ovisions contained in Article VI, XVI and XXIII of the GATT are to be applied.  
4.28.  Building on Articles VI, XVI and XXIII of the GATT, the incorporated Article 53 also contains 
clarifications with respect to the developmental dimension of certain public aid g ranted by Jordan, 
the necessity to ensure transparency in the area of public aid, as well as procedures applicable to 
countervailing measures.  
4.29.  The incorporated Article 54 contains the Parties' commitments to progressively adjust, without 
prejudice to thei r commitments respectively taken or to be taken under the GATT, any State 
monopolies of a commercial character to ensure that no discrimination regarding the conditions 
under which goods are procured and marketed exists between UK and Jordanian nationals.  
4.30.  Trade distorting measures with regard to public enterprises and enterprises to which special 
or exclusive rights had been granted shall neither be enacted nor maintained (incorporated 
Article  55). 
4.11  Environment  
4.31.  In the context of their commitment to strength en economic cooperation62, particular emphasis 
is placed on the conservation of the environment and ecological balance. Moreover, environment63; 
is among the sectors identified for increased economic cooperation between the Parties. Cooperation 
is aimed at  preventing deterioration of the environment, controlling pollution and ensuring the 
rational use of natural resources, with a view to ensuring sustainable development and promoting 
regional environmental projects .  
4.12  Labour  
4.32.  There is no specific provision co ncerning labour in the Agreement, though, through an 
incorporated Joint Declaration, the Parties reaffirm the importance they attach to fair treatment of 
foreign workers legally resident and employed on their territory. The UK agrees that, if Jordan 
reques ts, it is prepared to consider negotiating a bilateral reciprocal agreement relating to working 
conditions and social security rights of Jordanian and UK workers that are legally resident and 
employed in their respective territories.   
4.13  Electronic commerce  
4.33.  There is no specific provision on e -commerce in the Agreement.  
 
62 See sec tion 4.15.1 below.  
63 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 65.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  4.14  Small and medium -sized enterprises  
4.34.  There are no specific provisions on SMEs in the Agreement. However, industrial cooperation64; 
is among the sectors identified for increased economic cooperatio n between the Parties. In that 
framework, cooperation shall promote and encourage in particular cooperation between small and 
medium -sized enterprises in the UK and in Jordan. A particular focus is also placed on the 
establishment and promotion of an envir onment favourable to the development of private 
enterprises, in order to stimulate the growth and the diversification of industrial production; 
technology transfer, innovation and research and development; improvement of access to 
investment finance, stimu lation of innovation, and improvement of information support services, 
inter alia . Cooperation with respect to investments and promotion of investments is also intended to 
benefit small and medium -sized enterprises in particular through the development of a 
co-investment machinery.   
4.15  Other  
4.15.1   Economic Cooperation  
 
4.35.  In the incorporated Title V (Economic cooperation) of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement  
covering economic cooperation, the Parties undertake to intensify economic cooperation in their 
mutual interest and in accordance with the overall objectives of the Association Agreement. The 
scope of the cooperation is large, while a particular focus is placed on sectors suffering from internal 
difficulties or affected by the overall process of liberalization of the Jordanian economy. Emphasis is 
also placed on conservation of the environment and ecological balance, which shall be taken into 
account in th e implementation of the various sectors of economic cooperation to which it is relevant.  
 
4.36.  Methods of cooperation include economic dialogue between the Parties; regular exchange of 
information and ideas; transfer of advice, expertise and training; implement ation of joint actions 
such as seminars and workshops; technical administrative and regulatory assistance; and 
encouragement of joint ventures (incorporated Article 61).  
4.37.  The Parties agree to encourage operations having a regional impact or associating oth er 
countries of the region, with a view to promoting regional cooperation (incorporated Article 62). 
Through an incorporated Joint Declaration, the Parties reaffirm their commitment to the Middle East 
peace process and their belief that peace should be con solidated through regional cooperation. 
Another incorporated Joint Declaration reaffirms the importance of decentralised cooperation 
programs as a means of encouraging exchanges of experience and transfer of knowledge in the 
Mediterranean region.  
4.38.  The sect ors of cooperation identified in the incorporated Articles 63 through 79 are: education 
and training; scientific and technological cooperation; environment; industrial cooperation; 
investments and promotion of investments; standardization and conformity as sessment; financial 
services; agriculture; transports; information infrastructure and telecommunications; energy; 
tourism; customs; cooperation on statistics; money laundering; and fight against drugs.  
4.15.2   Cooperation in social and cultural matters  
4.39.  In the inco rporated Title VI (Cooperation in social and cultural matters) of the EU -Jordan 
Association Agreement, Chapter 1 covers social dialogue; Chapter 2 covers social cooperation 
actions; and Chapter 3 covers cultural cooperation and exchange of information.  
4.15.3   Cooperation for the prevention and control of illegal immigration  
4.40.  Through an  incorporated Joint Declaration, the Parties agree to cooperate to prevent and 
control illegal immigration. To this end, either Party agrees to permit the return of its nationals 
illegally present in the territory of the other Party upon request by the latter and without further 
formalities. The Parties will also provide their nationals with appropriate identity documents for such 
purposes. In respect of the UK, this obligation applie s only in respect of a) British citizens; b) British 
subjects with the right of abo de in the UK; and c) British Overseas Territories citizens who acquire 
their citizenship from a connection with Gibraltar.  
 
64 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 66.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  4.41.  Moreover, each Party agrees to conclude, upon requ est of the other Party, bilateral 
agreements regulating specific obligations concerning cooperation for the prevention and control of 
illegal immigration, including and obligations for permitting the return of nationals of other countries 
and stateless per sons who have arrived on the territory of one Party from the other Party.  
4.15.4   Protection of data  
4.42.  Through an  incorporated Joint Declaration, the Parties agree that the protection of data will 
be guaranteed in all areas where the exchange of personal data is en visaged   
4.15.5   Financial cooperation  
4.43.  the incorporated Title VII (Financial cooperation) of the EU -Jordan Association Agreement, 
refers to a financial cooperation package which shall be made available to Jordan in accordance with 
the appropriate procedures and th e financial resources required.  
4.44.  In close cooperation with the Jordanian authorities and other donors, particularly with other 
international financial institutions, the UK will examine suitable ways of supporting structural policies 
carried out by Jordan t o restore financial equilibrium in the main financial aggregates and encourage 
the creation of an economic environment conducive to increased growth, while at the same time 
improving the social well -being of the population. In order to ensure that a coordi nated approach is 
adopted to any exceptional macroeconomic and financial problems that might arise as a result of 
the improvement of the Agreement, the Parties shall use the regular economic dialogue provided for 
in the incorporated Title V to give particu lar attention to monitoring trade and financial trends in 
relation between the Parties.  
4.16  Investment  
4.45.  In addition to Title VI (see above) , increased cooperation between the Parties is to take place 
on investments and promotion of investments65, in particular , to create a favourable and stable 
environment for investment in Jordan. The cooperation entails the development of harmonised and 
simplified administrative procedures; co -investment machinery, especially for small and medium -
sized enterprises of both Par ties, and information channels and means of identifying investment 
opportunities.  The development of a legal environment conducive to investment between the two 
Parties, through the conclusion of investment protection agreements and agreements to prevent 
double taxation is also identified as a specific goal of cooperation66. Access to the capital market for 
the financing of productive investments, as well as joint ventures between Jordanian and UK 
business are also identified as particular vehicles for coop eration . 
 
 
65 Details are contained in the incorporated Article 67.  
66 The UK and Jordan concluded a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) on 10 October 1979, which entered 
into force on 24 April 1980. This BIT remains in force.  Moreover, the 2001 UK and Jordan Double Taxation 
Convention entered into force in March 2002 and continues to apply. The convention is effective in Jordan from 
1 January  2003 and in the UK from 1 April 2003, for Corporation Tax, and from 6 April 2003, for Income Tax 
and Capital Gains Tax.  WT/REG453/1  
 
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  ANNEX 1  
INDICATORS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNDER THE AGREEMENT  
1. The following tables present the tariffs that are appli ed by a Party, as the result of the 
Agreement, to products imported from the other Party. A comparison is made between these tariffs 
and the MFN tariffs that are applicable to these products. It should be emphasized that the tariff -
related market access cond itions for trade between the UK and Jordan applicable at the entry into 
force of the Agreement remained unchanged as compared with the situation which was prevailing 
after the completion of tariff elimination under the  EU-Jordan Agreement1, which applied to the UK 
when it was still an EU Member State.  Moreover, the UK authorities have underlined that the UK 
applies preferential rates which are in some cases lower than the ones previously applied by the UK 
whilst being an EU member. They have clarified that this is due to the removal of the entry price, 
removal of complex tariffs (i.e., "agricultural component") and MFN reductions that led in some 
cases to lower MFN rates. The tariff data provided by the UK reflects these applied preferences, 
rather than the legal commitments under the FTA.  The following tables should therefore be read 
bearing this in mind.  
The United Kingdom  
2. Table A1.1 shows tariff liberalization by the UK in relation to imports from Jordan (by total, 
agricultural and industri al products). In 2021, the UK's average applied MFN rate was 3.8% overall 
(2.5% for industrial  products and 8.9% for agricultural products). 47% of the UK's tariff was duty 
free on an MFN basis; 57.1% of industrial  products and 18.8% of agricultural produc ts were duty 
free. At the time of entry into force of the Agreement (2021), Jordan's exporters enjoyed an absolute 
margin of preference of 3.2% vis-à-vis the prevailing MFN tariff; 2.5% for industrial  goods and 6.5% 
for agricultural products. The share of duty-free lines applicable to imports from Jordan immediately 
at the entry into force of the Agreement was 94.8% (80.3% for agricultural products and 100% for 
industrial  products).   
Table A1. 1 United Kingdom : Indicators of MFN and preferential rates for im ports from 
Jordan  
Origin of 
goods  Year  ALL PRODUCTS  HS Chapters 01 -24 HS Chapters 25 -97 
Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied 
tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  
Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%)  Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
Overall (%)  
On dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2021 3.8 7.8 47.0 8.9 12.0 18.8 2.5 5.8 57.1 
Jordan  2021  0.6 11.7 94.8 2.3 11.7 80.3 0.0 0.0 100.0  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation . For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded , and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, the average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. The products classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level are counted once and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digit level.  
 Based on the HS 201 7 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by UK . 
 
1 Tariff elimination between Jordan and the EU was completed according to the agreed timetable over 
12 years by 2014. In addition, an agreement on further liberalization of agricultural products, and processed 
agricultural products entered into force on 1 January 2006, which increased the level of liberalization than 
initially intended.  WT/REG453/1  
 
- 32 - 
 
  3. Table A1.2 gives an indication of additional market access in the UK (as compared with access 
under MFN conditions) resulting from the full implementation of the Agreement for Jordan's top 25 
global exports, which accounted for 64.9% of its global exports in 2018 -2020 (these corresponded 
to 68 lines in the UK's tariff at the six -digit level (using the HS  2017)). 25 of these tariff lines already 
had (MFN) duty free access to the UK's market. By 2021, all the remaining 43 tariff lines, which 
were dutiable, were duty free for exports from Jordan, leaving none of Jordan's top 25 global exports 
dutiable  in the UK .  
Table A1. 1 The United Kingdom: Market access opportunities under the Agreement for 
Jordan's top 25 exports to the world.  
Jordan's top export products  
in 2018 -20 Access Conditions to UK's markets  
HS number and description  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) MFN 2021  No. of 
duty free 
lines 
under the 
agreement  
Remain 
Dutiable  
Avg. Tariff 
(%) 
No. of 
duty-free 
lines  
No. of 
dutiable 
lines  
2021  
611420  Special garments for professional  13.0 12  1 1  
310490  Carnallite, sylvite and other crude natural 
potassium salts, potassium magnesium 
sulphate and mixtures of potassic 
fertilisers  6.9 0 1    
611490  Special garments for professional  6.5 12  1 1  
300490  Medicaments  5.2 0 1    
251010  Natural calcium phosphates and natural 
aluminium calcium phosphates, natural 
and phosphatic chalk  4.5 0 1    
280920  Phosphoric acid; polyphosphoric acids  2.8 0 1    
710812  Gold 2.8 0 1    
310290  Mineral or chemical nitrogen fertilisers  2.8 6.25  1 1  
282759  Bromides and bromide oxides  2.4 4  1 1  
300390  Medicaments  2.3 0 1    
880330  Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters  2.0 0 1    
010410  Live sheep  1.7 * 1 2 2  
070200  Tomatoes, fresh or chilled  1.6 11  1 1  
271019  Medium oils and preparations  1.5 1.16 12 13 13  
851712  Telephones for cellular networks  1.0 0 1    
610610  Women's or girls' blouses, shirts and 
shirt-blouses of cotton  1.0 12  1 1  
340290  Surface -active preparations, washing 
preparations  0.9 4  2 2  
621143  Women's or girls' tracksuits and other 
garments  0.9 12  5 5  
711319  Articles of jewellery and parts thereof  0.9 2  1 1  
340220  Surface -active preparations, washing 
preparations, auxiliary washing 
preparations and cleaning preparations  0.8 4  2 2  
761290  Casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar 
containers  0.8 6  3 3  
210690  Food preparations  0.8 12  7 7  
080930  Fresh peaches, incl. nectarines  0.7 16  2 2  
252329  Portland cement  0.6 0 1    
481820  Handkerchiefs, cleansing or facial tissues 
and towels, of paper pulp, paper, 
cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose 
fibres  0.6 0 3    
Total of Above  64.9 4.8 25 43 43 - 
* dutiable tariff lines are subject to specific rates only.  
Note:  Tariff lines subject to in -quota rates are excluded in the computation . For the calculation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded , and the ad valorem  part of alternate rates are included.  
 For the tariff lines subject to seasonal duties, the average rate for the entire year is used for the 
calculation. The products classified beyond the HS 8 -digit level are counted once and their tariff 
rates are averaged to the 8 -digit level.  
 Based on th e HS 201 7 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by UK, Jordan and UNSD Comtrade Database . WT/REG453/1  
 
- 33 - 
 
  Jordan  
4. Table A1.3 shows tariff liberalization by Jordan in relation to imports from the UK (by total, 
agricultural and industrial  products). In 2021, Jordan's average applied MFN rate was 9.9% overall 
(9% for industrial  products and 14.8% for agricultural product s). 53% of Jordan's tariff was duty 
free on an MFN basis; 56.8% of industrial  products and 34.1% of agricultural products were duty 
free. At the time of entry into force of the Agreement (2021), The UK's exporters enjoyed an absolute 
margin of preference o f 9.2% vis-à-vis the prevailing MFN tariff; 9% for industrial  goods and 10.3% 
for agricultural products. The share of duty -free lines applicable to imports from the UK immediately 
at the entry into force of the Agreement was 97.1% (83% for agricultural pro ducts and 100% for 
industrial products).  
Table A1. 2 Jordan: Indicators of MFN tariff rates and preferential rates for imports from 
the United Kingdom  
Origin 
of goods  Year  ALL PRODUCTS  HS Chapters 1 -24 HS Chapters 25 -97 
Average 
applied tariff  Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average 
applied tariff  Share 
of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Overall 
(%) 
On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2021 9.9 21.3 53.0 14.8 22.8 34.1 9.0 20.8 56.8 
UK 2021 0.7 29.0 97.1 4.5 29.0 83.0 0.0 0.0 100.0  
Note:  For tariff lines with non -ad valorem  components, only the ad valorem  part of the rate was included 
in the calculation of the tariff averages . 
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by the Jordanian authorities.  
 
5. Table A1.4 gives an indication of additional market access in Jordan (as compared with access 
under MFN conditions) resulting from the full implementation of the Agreement for the UK's top 25 
global exports, which accounted for 38.4% of its global exports in 2018 -2020 (these corresponded 
to 84 lines in Jordan's tariff at the six -digit level (using the HS  2017)). 54 of these tariff lines already 
had (MFN) duty free access to Jordan's market. By 2021, all the remaining 30 tariff lines, which 
were dutiable, were duty free for exports from the UK, leaving none of the UK's  top 25 global exports 
dutiable.   
Table A1 .4 Jordan: Market access opportunities under the Agreement for the United 
Kingdom's top 25 exports to the world  
United Kingdom's top export products  
in 2018 - 2020  Access Conditions to Jordan's import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global  
exports 
(%) MFN 2021  Duty free 
lines 
under the 
agree -
ment  
Remain 
dutiable  
Average  
Tariff  
(%) Number of 
lines  
duty-
free  duti-
able 2021  
710813  Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, 
in semi -manufactured forms, for 
non-monetary purposes  5.6 0.0 1    
270900  Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals, crude  4.9 5.0  1 1  
300490  Medicaments consisting of mixed or 
unmixed products for therapeutic or 
prophylactic purposes,  3.2 0.0 1    
880330  Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters, 
n.e.s.  2.9 10.0  1 1  
841112  Turbojets of a thrust > 25 kn  2.6 0.0 1    WT/REG453/1  
 
- 34 - 
 
  United Kingdom's top export products  
in 2018 - 2020  Access Conditions to Jordan's import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global  
exports 
(%) MFN 2021  Duty free 
lines 
under the 
agree -
ment  
Remain 
dutiable  
Average  
Tariff  
(%) Number of 
lines  
duty-
free  duti-
able 2021  
870323  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport 
of <10 persons, of a cylinder 
capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <= 3.000 
cm³ 2.4 6.4 11 3 3  
841191  Parts of turbojets or turbopropellers, 
n.e.s.  2.1 5.0  1 1  
870324  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport 
of<10 persons, of a cylinder 
capacity>3.000 cm³  1.7 7.5 3 1 1  
220830  Whiskies  1.3 -  3 3  
271012  Light oils and preparations  1.3 11.0 2 3 3  
970110  Paintings, e.g. oil paintings, 
watercolours and pastels, and 
drawings executed entirely by hand  1.3 25.0  1 1  
870322  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport 
of <10 persons, of a cylinder 
capacity > 1.000 cm³ but <= 1.500 
cm³ 1.2 6.0 4 1 1  
711319  Articles of jewellery and parts 
thereof, of precious metal other than 
silver  1.0 13.3  3 3  
271019  Medium oils and preparations, of 
petroleum or bituminous minerals, 
not containing biodiesel, n.e.s.  1.0 10.0 2 3 3  
870332  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport 
of <10 persons, of a cylinder 
capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <= 2.500 
cm³ 0.7 7.5 6 2 2  
300220  Vaccines for human medicine  0.6 0.0 1    
870340  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport 
of <10 persons, of a cylinder 
capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <= 2.500 
cm³ 0.6 0.0 6    
711021  Palladium, unwrought or in powder 
form 0.6 12.5  2 2  
300215  Immunological products, for retail 
sale 0.6 0.0 1    
851762  Machines for the reception, 
conversion and transmission or 
regeneration of voice, images or 
other data  0.6 0.0 1    
382200  Diagnostic or laboratory reagents on 
a backing, prepared diagnostic or 
laboratory reagents  0.5 0.0 3    
490199  Printed books, brochures and similar 
printed matter  0.5 0.0 1    
870333  Motor cars and other motor vehicles 
principally designed for the transport 
of <10 persons, incl. station wagons 
and racing cars, with only diesel 
engine of a cylinder capacity > 2.500 
cm³  0.5 7.5 6 2 2  WT/REG453/1  
 
- 35 - 
 
  United Kingdom's top export products  
in 2018 - 2020  Access Conditions to Jordan's import 
markets  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global  
exports 
(%) MFN 2021  Duty free 
lines 
under the 
agree -
ment  
Remain 
dutiable  
Average  
Tariff  
(%) Number of 
lines  
duty-
free  duti-
able 2021  
840890  Compression -ignition internal 
combustion piston engine "diesel or 
semi-diesel engine"  0.4 15.0 1 1 1  
870899  Parts and accessories, for tractors, 
motor vehicles for the transport of 
ten or more persons  0.4 8.0 3 2 2  
 Total of above  38.4  54 30 30 - 
- contains specific duties only.  
Notes:  For tariff lines with non -ad valorem  components, only the ad valorem  part of the rate was included 
in the calculation of the tariff averages.  
 Based on the HS 2017 nomenclature.  
Source:  WTO estimates based on the data provided by the Jordanian and the UK authorities.  
 
__________