RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
16 February 1999 
 (99-0609) 
Working Party on the Accession  
of the Republic of Moldova Original:   English 
 
 
  
ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA  
 
Initial Offer in Services
 
 
Revision  
   For the purposes of the accession of the Republic of Moldova to the WTO, the Ministry of 
Economy and Reforms of the Republic of Moldova ha s presented the following revised offer of initial 
commitments on trade in services, with the request that it be circulated to members of the Working 
Party.   
_______________ 
 
    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 2 THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 
 
Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
Commitments include all  3)  Privatization  
The capital that belongs to foreign investors and persons without citizenship may be used to purchase state goods, including the establishment on the 
territory of the Republic of Moldova of 
some foreign enterprises and joint ventures in accordance with the current Moldova’s legislation.  
 
 Land      
The land under public ownership can be sold to legal and natural persons from Republic of Moldova, as well as to 
foreign investors, except the agricultural 
land and the land that belongs to the forestry fund that can  b e  s o l d  o n l y  t o  
legal and natural persons from Moldova Land     
 
The land under public ownership can be sold to legal and natural persons from Republic of Moldova, as well as to 
foreign investors, except the agricultural 
land and the land that belongs to the forestry fund that can  b e  s o l d  o n l y  t o  
legal and natural persons from Moldova  
 Real estate purchase  
Unbound in relation to acquisition of 
land. Land lease not exceeding 99 years 
permitted.  Services, which are subject to licensing, can only be supplied through legal persons registered in Moldova. 3) Real estate purchase 
 
Unbound in relation to acquisition of 
land. Land lease not exceeding 99 years 
permitted.   
 4) Movement of natural persons  
Unbound except for measures concerning temporary entry and stay of nationals of another member who fall into the categories listed below: 4) Unbound, except for measures 
concerning the categories of natural persons referred to in the market access column. 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 Services salespersons – persons not 
based in the territory of Republic of 
Moldova and receiving no remuneration from a source located within Republic of Moldova, who are engaged in activities related no representing a services supplier for the purpose of negotiating 
for sale of the services of that supplier: 
(a) such sales are not directly made to the general public and (b) the salesperson is not engaged in supplying the service. Entry for persons named in 
this section is limited to a 90 days 
period. Promulgation is allowed only once a year after two months from the date of expiration of this period  
 
 Persons responsible for the setting 
up of a commercial presence: Persons who are employees of an enterprise not having presence in Republic of Moldova 
and who have been beforehand 
employees of that enterprise outside Republic of Moldova for a time period not less than one year immediately preceding their application for admission, and who are entering 
Republic of Moldova for the purpose of 
setting up a commercial presence of that enterprise in Republic of Moldova. Persons responsible for the setting-up of a commercial presence may not engage 
in market direct sales to the general 
public or supply services them.   
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 4 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 Persons who are employees of an 
enterprise outside Moldova not having 
commercial presence in Moldova, which has concluded a services contract with an enterprise engaged in substantive business in Moldova, and who have been beforehand employees of the enterprise 
outside Moldova for a time-period of not 
less than one year immediately preceding their application for admission. Per contract, temporary entry for a limited number of services 
suppliers will be granted for a single 
period of three month, the number of service suppliers depending on the size of the task to be performed under the contract. Individual service providers not 
employed by such enterprise outside 
Moldova are considered as persons seeking access to the Moldovan employment market.   
 
 - managers, executives and 
specialists, as defined below, who are employees of firms that provide services within Moldova through a branch, subsidiary, or affiliate established in 
Moldova and who have been prior 
employees of their firm outside Moldova for a period of not less than one year, immediately preceding the date of their application for admission and who are 
not of the following:  
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 - Intra-corporate transferees –  
managers – persons within an 
organization who primarily direct the organization, or a department or sub-division of the organization, supervise and control the work of other supervisory, professional or managerial 
employees, have the authority to tire and 
fire or remand the decision on hiring, firing, or other personal action (such as promotion or leave authorization), and exercise discretionary authority over 
day-to-day operations. Do not include 
first line supervisors, unless the employees supervised are professional, not does it include employees who primarily perform tasks necessary for the 
prevision of the service.   
 
 Executives – persons within the 
organization who primarily direct the 
management of the organization, 
exercise wide latitude in decision-making, and receive only general supervision on direction from higher-lever executives, board of directors, or stockholders of the business. Executives 
would not directly perform tasks related 
to the actual provision of a service or services of the organization.  
 
  Specialists – persons within an 
organization who possess knowledge at 
an advanced level of continued expertise 
and who possess priority knowledge of the organization’s services, research equipment, techniques, or management.   
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 Entry for persons named in this section 
is limited to a three years period that 
may be extended.   
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
A. Professional Services 
(a) Legal services: 
- Except consultancy on home country and international law (CPC 861)
 1) Unbound for drafting of legal documents. 2) None. 
3), 4) License issued by the Ministry of 
Justice is required.  Licensed lawyer can provide all legal services, except representation in criminal proceedings. Representation in criminal proceedings permitted only to sworn solicitors.  
Nationality requirement for sworn 
solicitors and sworn notaries.  Sworn solicitors have to pass examination in accordance with rules set up by Council of Sworn Solicitors. 
Sworn notaries have to pass examination 
in accordance with order set up by the Minister of Justice in cooperation with the Council of Sworn Notaries.  4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
render such services. 1) Unbound for drafting of legal 
 documents 2) None 
3) None 
     
 
    
 
   4) None
  
- Consultancy on home country 
and international law 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
(b) Accounting, auditing and 
bookkeeping services 
 (CPC 862) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(c) Taxation service 
 (CPC 863) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(d) Architectural services 1) None 1) None  
 (CPC 8671) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(e) Engineering services 
 (CPC 8672) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(f) Integrated engineering services  (CPC 8673) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(g) Urban planning and landscape  architectural services  
 (CPC 8674) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.  
(h)  Private medical and dental  services (CPC 9312)  (CPC 9312 excluding services  provided by the public sector) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(i)  Veterinary services.  (CPC 932) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(j)  Services provided by midwives, 
 nurses in private establishments 
 (CPC 93191 excluding services  provided within the public  sector) 1)  Unbound. 
2)  Public insurance programs do 
 not cover the cost of foreign  medical services supplied  abroad.  3)  None. 
4)  Unbound except as indicated in 
 the horizontal section. Nationality requirements. Access restricted to natural persons only. Economic needs determined by the total number of nurses and midwives in the 
given region authorized by local health 
authorities. 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound. 
 
(k)  Other 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
B. Computer and Related Services  
(a) Constancy services related to the 
installation of computer hardware 
 (CPC 841) (b) Software implementation 
services 
 (CPC 842) (c) Data processing services  (CPC 843) (d) Data base services  (CPC 844) 
(e) Maintenance and repair services 
of office machinery and equipment including computers 
 (CPC 845+849)) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
  
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
C. Research and Development Services  
(a) Research and development 
 services on natural sciences  (CPC 851) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None.  
(b) Research and development  services on natural sciences 
 (CPC 851) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(c) Interdisciplinary research and  development services 1) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments 2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
 2) None 3) None 
4) None. 
 
D. Real Estate Services  
(a) Involving own or leased 
property  
 (CPC 821) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound, except as indicated in 
 the horizontal commitments. 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound, except as indicated in 
 the horizontal commitments. 4) None.  
(b) On a fee or contract basis  (CPC 822) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
E. Rental/Leasing Services Without Operators  
(a) Relating to ships  (CPC 83103) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(b) On a fee or contract basis  
 (CPC 82") 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(c)  Relating to other  transport  equipment   (CPC 83101+83102+ 83105) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(d) Relating to other machinery and  equipment  
 (CPC 83106-83109) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.  
(e)  Other  (CPC 832) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
F. Other Business Services  
(a) Advertising Services   (CPC 871) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(b)  Market Research and Opinion  Polling  
 (CPC 864) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.  
(c)  Management Consulting  Services   (CPC 865) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
  
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(d) Services Related to Management 
 Consulting  
 (CPC 866) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(e)  Technical Testing and Analysis  Services   (CPC 8676) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(f) Services incidental to  agriculture, hunting and forestry 
 (CPC 881) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.  
(g) Services incidental to fishing  (CPC 882) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(h) Services incidental to mining  (CPC 883 + 5115) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None.  
(i)  Consulting Services Relating to  Manufacturing (part of CPC 884 
 + part of  885 except for 88442) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(j) Services incidental to energy  distribution   (CPC 887) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(k) Placement and supply services 
 of personnel  
 (CPC 872); 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(l) Investigation and security   (CPC 873); 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(m) Related scientific and technical  consulting services 
 (CPC 8675) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.  
(n)  Maintenance and Repair of  Equipment   (not including maritime vessels,  aircraft, or other transport  equipment)  
 (CPC 633 + 8861-8866) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(o) Building-clearing services  (CPC 874) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.  
(p)  Photographic Services (CPC 876) (except aerial photography of the territory of the Republic of Estonia) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(q) Packaging services  (CPC 876) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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(r) Printing, Publishing 
 (CPC 88442) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(s) Convention Services   (CPC 87909*)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(t) Other  (CPC 8790) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
A. Postal Services  
(a) International postal services, as  well as internal postal services 
 related to letters up to 350 
 grams  (CPC 7511) 1), 3)  Monopoly of the “Posta 
 Moldova” State Company.  
2)  None. 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 1)  None 
2)  None 
3)  None 
4)  None.  
(b)  Postal services related to parcels  (CPC 75112.1); 1), 3)  None, as of 31 December 1999. 
 Monopoly of the “Posta  Moldova” State Company.  2)  None. 4)  Unbound except as indicated in t
 he horizontal section. 1)  None 
2)  None 3)  None 4)  None. 
 
(c) Express postal services related  to parcels 
 (CPC 75112.2); 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
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(c) Financial postal services  
 (CPC 75113); 1), 3)  None, as of 31 December 2004. 
 Monopoly of the “Posta 
 Moldova” State Company.  2)  None. 4)  Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None. 
 
B.  Courier Services  (CPC 7512) 1), 3)  None, as of 31 December 1999. 
 Monopoly of the “Posta  Moldova” State Company.  
2)  None. 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None. 
 
C. Telecommunication Services  
(a) Public telephone services; 
 (CPC 7521) 1), 3)  None, as of 31 December 2003. 
 Monopoly of the “Moldtelecom” 
 State Company.  
2)  None. 4)  Unbound, except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None. 
(b) Analogical  mobile telephone  services (NMT 450 standard’s)  (CPC 75213.1) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
(c) Digital mobile telephone 
 services  
 (CPC 75213.2) 1), (3) “VOXTEL” Company has the 
 exclusive right to operate on the 
 territory of the Republic of  Moldova. None as of 31 August  2002. 2)  None. 4)  Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None. The telecommunications’ 
authority will reexamine and 
publish the rules and 
regulatory policy regarding further competition in the field of basic telecommunication services 
towards the year 2003.  
The attached reference paper on regulatory principles in incorporated as additional commitments by 
the Republic of Moldova.
  
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(d) Business network services  
 (CPC 7522) 
 1), 3) None as of 31 December 2003. 
 Monopoly of the “Moldtelecom” 
 State Company.  2)  None. 4)  Unbound, except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None. 
 
(e) Packet-switched data  transmission services;   (CPC 75232*) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None. 
 
(f)  Telegraph and telex services;  (CPC 7522 and  7523**) 1), 3) None as of 31 December 2003. 
 Monopoly of the “Moldtelecom” 
 State Company.  2)  None. 4)  Unbound, except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None. 
 
(g)    Facsimile services;  (CPC 7521**+7529** ) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None.  
(h)  Private leased circuit services;  (CPC 7522**+7523**) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(i)  Electronic mail   (CPC 7523**); 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
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(j)   Voice mail  
 (CPC 7523**); 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None.  
(k)  On-line information and  database retrieval   (CPC 7523**); 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(l)  Electronic data interchange  (EDI)  
 (CPC 7523**) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None.  
(m)  Enhance/value-added facsimile  services incl. Store and forward,  store and retrieve 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
 
(n)  Code and protocol  conversion 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None.  
(o)  On-line information and/ or data  processing (incl. Transaction 
 processing)   (CPC 843**) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None. 
 
(p)  Other telecommunications  services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal commitments. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None. 
  
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D. Audio-Visual Services 
 (CPC 9611, 9612, 9613, 7524) 1) None 
2) None. 
3) Foreign natural and legal 
persons have the right to perform audio-visual services only within a joint venture. Majority ownership is allowed. 
For the foreign natural and legal 
persons holding the majority ownership in audiovisual company, participation in other audiovisual companies is limited 
to 20 per cent. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None    
 
     
 
4) None  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
A. General Construction Work For 
Buildings 
 (CPC 512) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
B. General Construction Work For 
Civil Engineering 
 (CPC 513) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
C. Installation and Assembly Work 
 (CPC 514+516) 1) Unbound 
2) None  3) Foreign persons are to provide 
services only in partnership with, or as subcontractors of, 
local service suppliers. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None   
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
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D. Building Completion and 
Finishing Work 
 (CPC 517) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
E. Other  (CPC 511+515+518) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
(a) Commission agents’ services  (CPC 621) 1) None  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 3) None 
4) None  
(b) Wholesale trade services  
 (CPC 622) 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
(c) Retailing services  (CPC 631+632; 
6111+6113+6121) 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
(d) Franchising 
 (CPC 8929) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
(e) Other distribution services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) None 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
5. EDUCATION SERVICES 
(a) Primary education services 
 (CPC 921) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
(b) Secondary education services  (CPC 922) 1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound except for privately 
funded primary schools constituted as juridical persons 
and subject to compliance with 
Government educational and health requirements.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
(c) Higher education services  (part of CPC 923) 1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound except for privately 
funded primary schools 
constituted as juridical persons and subject to compliance with Government educational and health requirements. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None  
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 
(d) Adult education  (Part of the CPC 924) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
(e) Other educational services  (CPC 929) 1) None 
2) None 3) None  4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 20 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
(a) Sewage services 
 (CPC 9401) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
(b) Refuse disposal services  (CPC 9402) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
(c) Sanitation and similar services  (CPC 9403) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) None  
(d) Other environmental services 
 (CPC 9404, CPC 9405, CPC  9406, CPC 9409) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
Additional information for transparency and clarification purposes:  Normal prudential measures are applied to financial  (insur ance, reinsurance, banking and 
securities) institutions, with a view to protecting the investors,  depositors and to ensure th e stability of the financial syst em. The establishment and the activities 
of insurance and reinsurance companies are subject to the authorization from the insura nce Activity Surveillance Body with Mini stry of Finance.  
A. Insurance and Insurance-Related Services  
(a) Life, accident and health 
 insurance services   (CPC 8121) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
(b) Non-life insurance services 
(CPC 8129) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) None   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(c) Reinsurance and retrocession 
 (CPC 81299*) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
(d) Services auxiliary to insurance 
 (incl. broking and agency  services)  
  (CPC 8140 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
BANKING SECTOR  
All the commitments in this Schedule are subject of the laws of the Republic of Moldova, as well as regulations, norms and inst ructions of the National Bank 
of Moldova. In particular, these commitments are subject of the Law on the National Bank of Moldova (no.548-XIII from July 21, 1995), Law on Financial 
Institutions (nr.550-XIII from July 21, 1995) and all normative acts issued pursuant to these laws. 
The National Bank of Moldova has the right to impose additionally to financial institutions other than bank provisions of the L aw on Financial Institutions that 
refer to banks. 
Local banks or subsidiaries of foreign ba nks (thereafter – “bank”) can  be engaged into financial activities on the territory of  the Republic of Moldova after 
getting the respective license from the National Bank of Moldova. The number of types of financial activities, which a bank can  perform, depends on the 
bank’s capital amount. There are certain typ es of financial activities which may be pe rformed by banks with a capital from the minimum quantum to double 
quantum of the minimum amount of required capital (MRC), by banks with a capital bigger than double quantum and lower than trip le quantum of the MRC 
and by banks with a capital bigger than triple quantum of MRC. 
The National Bank of the Republic of Moldova has the exclusive right to establish and change the minimum amount of required cap ital for establishing banks 
and the maximum quota of each shareholder. The National Bank may set  different levels of the minimum capital for banks to be es tablished in areas with 
different demographics. The requirements should be th e same for all banks established in the same area. 
The representative offices of foreign banks may not be engaged in fina ncial activity on the territory of the Republic of Moldov a and cannot be licensed by the 
National Bank of Moldova. 
Residents shall be obligated to register at the National Bank of Moldova all transactions associated with the receiving of loan s and guarantees from non-
residents, as well as the receiving of foreign capital. Resident s must obtain the authorization of the National Bank of Moldova  for each transaction of granting 
loans and guarantees to non-residents, as well as fo r other transfers of capital to non-residents 
B. Banking and Other Financial 
Services (excluding insurance) 
 (CPC 81115-81119, 8113, 8112, 
81339**, 81199**, 81333, 81321*, 8132, 8119+**, 
81323*, 81319**, 8131, 8133) 1) Unbound 
 It is necessary the authorization of the National Bank of Moldova (NBM) for the export of capital concerning the access of a certain quantity of securities 
of non-resident issuers for their 
circulation on the territory of the Republic of Moldova.  1) Unbound 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 22 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(a) Acceptance of deposits and 
other repayable funds from the 
public 
 (CPC 81115-81119)   One investor – resident or non-
resident – is permitted to own not more 
than 50% of the volume of State securities with the same ISIN (International Standard Identification number), offered for sale on the primary market or being in circulation. 
2) Unbound 
 Residents need the authorization of the National Bank of Moldova to export the capital abroad. 2) Unbound 
 
(b) Lending of all types, including 
consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring and financing of commercial transactions 
 (CPC 8113) 1),3) Unbound 
 No one shall perform financial activities without the licence issued by the National Bank of Moldova 3) None if the banks have the 
licence issued by the NB M. 
 
(c) Financial leasing 
 (8112)  In accordance with the 
provisions of the Law on Financial 
Institution, banks, including those with participation of foreign capital, shall be organized as joint stock companies.  
 
(d) All payment and money 
transmission services 
 (CPC 81339**)  On the territory of the Republic 
of Moldova a foreign bank can perform 
financial activity through its subsidiary∗, 
for which the National Bank of Moldova issues the relevant licence.  
 
(e) Guarantees and commitments 
 (CPC 81199**)  The subsidiary of a foreign bank 
shall be organized in the Republic of 
Moldova as legal entity in form of joint stock company. Later, on the base of the subsidiary, the creation of branches** is admitted.  
 
                                                      
∗ Subsidiary – means any legal entity in which another entity or group of entities acting in concert holds:  the equivalent of 5 0% or more of the voting shares;  a 
significant interest that permits such other entity or group of  entities to exercise effective c ontrol over the management and activity of subsidiary  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(f) Trading for own account or for 
account of customers, whether 
on an exchange, in an over-the-counter market or otherwise, the following:  The licence to a non-resident 
bank to be engaged in the activity on the 
territory of the Republic of Moldova though it subsidiary (branch) is granted only if:  
 
 
- money market instruments 
(cheques, bills, certificates of deposits, etc.) (81339**) 
 
- foreign exchange (81333) (a) the non-resident bank is 
authorized to be engaged in the business of receiving money deposits or other repayable funds in th e country where its 
head office is located;  
 
- derivative products including, 
but not limited to, futures and options (81339*) (b) the competent foreign 
authorities that supervise the financial activities at the head office of the non-resident bank 
have given their written consent 
to the granting of such licence;  
 
- exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, including products such as swaps, forward rate 
agreements, etc. (81339**) (c) the National Bank determines 
that the non-resident bank is adequately supervised, in a 
consolidated basis, by the above 
mentioned foreign authorities.  
 
- transferable securities 
 (CPC 81321*) - other negotiable instruments and 
financial assets, including 
bullion (81339*)  The payment for the shares of 
the bank should be made only in cash from own funds. Non-cash assets may not be used to 
purchase the bank shares.  
 
(g) Participation in issues of all 
kinds of securities, including underwriting and placement as agent (whether publicly or 
privately) and provision of 
service related to such issues  
 (8132) (h) Money broking (81339**)  The transfer by transactions of 
an equity interest of a bank shall require the prior written authorization of the National Bank of Moldova if, as a result 
of such transfer, any one person or a 
number of persons acting in concert would, directly or indirectly, hold a significant interest* in the capital of this bank.  
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 24 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(i) Asset management, such as cash 
or portfolio management, all 
forms of collective investment management, pension fund management, custodial, depository and trust services 
 (8119+**, 81323*)  Without prior written 
authorization of the National Bank of 
Moldova, no one bank shall, individually or in common with one or more other persons acting in concert, directly or indirectly:  
 
(j) Settlement and clearing services 
for financial assets, including 
securities, derivative products, 
and other negotiable instruments (81339** or 81319**) (a) hold in a legal entity, that is 
 engaged in other activities than 
 financial ones, an equity interest 
 which either represents a  significant interest or exceeds,  as to its current value, the  equivalent of 15% of the bank’s  regulatory capital;  
 
(b) hold total current value of such 
equity interests  that exceed the equivalent of 50% of the bank’s regulatory capital.  
 (k) Advisory and other auxiliary 
financial services on all the activities listed in Article 1B of MNT.TNC/W/50, including credit reference and analysis, 
investment and portfolio 
research and advice, and advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy 
 (8131 or 8133)  No one person other than banks 
shall accept personal (household) 
deposits or their equivalents.   Acceptance of deposits from the State treasury or from other State bodies requires the authorization of the National 
Bank of Moldova.  
 
(l) Provisions and transfer of 
financial information, financial data processing and related software by providers of other financial services 
 (8131)  Granting of credits in foreign 
currency, including granting through credit cards is subject to limitations.   The transfers in Moldovan Lei from one bank of Moldova to another 
bank in Moldova are made through 
correspondent accounts, which should be opened, with the National Bank of Moldova.  
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
  Institutions, other than banks, 
are required to have the authorization of 
the National bank of Moldova for buying and selling foreign currency and traveller’s checks in foreign currency.   
 
 Such institutions should be established 
as exchange office – legal entity and have no right to be engaged in other operations.  
 
  Professional activity with 
securities can be realized only after the State Commission for Securities Market issues the respective licence. Banks, which are engaged in professional activity with securities, obtain respective 
licences from the State Commission for 
Securities Market following the recommendation of National Bank of Moldova.  
 
  Banks can perform commercial 
transactions with securities only with 
own resources. The banks may not be engaged in commercial activity with securities of issuers to which banks render services.  
 
 4) Unbound. 
 Impossibility for natural persons 
to practice financial activities. 4) Unbound  
Note :  
*Significant interest - means a direct or indirect holding of an  interest in a legal entity, th at represents the equivalent of 10 percent or more of the equity or of 
the voting rights, or that makes it possible to exercise a signi ficant influence over the management or policies of that entity . 
**Subsidiary – means any legal entity in which another entity or group of entities acting in concert holds: 
 - the equivalent of 50 percent or more of the voting shares;  - a significant interest that permits such other entity or group of entities to exercise effective control over the management  and activity of  
  subsidiary. ***Branch – means a separate entity, that is a legally dependent pa rt of a bank and that conducts all or some financial activit ies 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 26 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
8. HEALTH-RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES 
(a) Hospital services 
 Private hospital and sanatorium 
 services (CPC 9311 excluding 
 services provided by the public  sector) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
(b) Social services  CPC part of  933 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL-RELATED SERVICES 
(a) Hotels and restaurants 
(including catering) 
 (CPC 641-643 ) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
(b) Travel agencies and tour 
operators’ services 
 (CPC 7471) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
(c) Tourist guides' services  (CPC 7472) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
(d) Other 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
 
  
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES 
A. Entertainment services 
(including theatre, live bands and circus services)  (CPC 9619) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None  
B.  News Agency Services   (CPC 962) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
C.  Libraries, archives, museums  and other cultural services   (CPC 963) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
D.  Sporting and other recreational 
 services  
 (CPC 964) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
E.  Other 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
A. Maritime Transport Services  (CPC 7211, 7212, 7213, 8868**, 
7214, 745**) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 28 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Internal Waterways Transport 
 (CPC 7221, 7222, 7223, 8868**, 
7224, 745**) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
C.  Air Transport Services  
(a) (b)  Passenger and freight 
 transportation (CPC 731, 732) 
(c)  Rental of vessels with crew   (CPC 734) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
(d)  Maintenance and repair of  aircraft   (CPC 8868**) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) An authorization from the 
Administration of Civil Aviation 
is required. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound, subject to MFN 
exemption 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
(e)  Supporting services for air  transport (CPC 746)  Sales and marketing services for  air transport;  Computer reservation systems 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
D. Space Transport (CPC 733) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
E. Rail Transport Services (CPC 7111, 7112, 7113) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
F. Road Transport Services 
(a) (b)  Passenger and freight  
 transportation   (CPC 7121, 7122, 7123, less  cabotage services) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 
G. Pipeline Transport  (CPC 7131, 7139) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
H.  Services Auxiliary To All  Modes Of Transport 
 (CPC 741, 742, 748, 749) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
I.  Other Transport Services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) None 
 
12. Other Services Not Included  Elsewhere  (95+97+98+99) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 30 LIST OF MFN EXEMPTIONS FOR REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 
 
 
 
Sector or sub-sector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
exemption 
Road Transport Passenger and Freight Measures applied under existing or 
future agreements and which reserve or limit the provision of transport services and specify operating conditions, 
including transit permits and/or 
preferential road taxes of transport services into, in, across and out of the Republic of Moldova to the parties concerned. Road cabotage is reserved to domestic registered vehicles. All countries with which 
agreements are or will be in force. Indefinite. To protect the integrity of road 
transport infrastructure and the environment and to regulate traffic rights in the territory of 
the Republic of Moldova and 
between the countries concerned. 
Sale and marketing of air transport services and 
computer reservation 
systems
 The right for sales and marketing of air transport services is granted on a 
reciprocity basis.
 All countries  Indefinite  The reciprocity requirement is 
the reason for the exemption.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
 Page 31 
 
 
 ATTACHMENT TO SCHEDULE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 
 
(Reference Paper) 
 
1. Transparency of Regulations  
1.1 The laws and regulations on services in th e telecommunication sector shall be published. 
1.2 Advises and explanations in regard with the regulations concerning the basic 
telecommunication services will be offered to th e public if any of its rights are affected. 
1.3 The Ministry of Transports and Communica tions, as Administration of telecommunications, 
regulates the activity of the transpor tation sector through the following: 
- issuance of licenses in the telecommunication sector; 
- establishment of rules regarding the in terconnection among networks and their 
numbering; 
- certification and authorization of the equipment and cables; 
- elaboration and promotion of the pricing policy, 
- administering the radio frequency spectrum. 
1.4 The telecommunication' administration informs the public on the development strategy in the 
telecommunication sector, as well as it supervises how telecommunication operators fulfil their duties. 
1.5 The telecommunication administration will be ascertained that: 
- the rights stipulated in the li cense are ensured and protected; 
- the decisions and resolutions are made in an  open, fair, non-discriminating, coherent and 
transparent way; 
- individuals affected by the adopted decisions  and resolutions can express their point of 
view. 
1.6 Individuals affected by the decision or  resolution adopted by the telecommunication 
administration can appeal during a period of 30 days e ither to the Supreme Court of Justice or, if there 
is the case, to the arbitration that will settle all the disputes within 90 days. 
1.7 Individuals, affected by the decision or resolution adopted by the employees of 
telecommunication administration, have the right to  appeal during a period of 30 days, starting with 
the day when the decision was taken, to the tele communication administration that will clear up the 
dispute within 30 days from the day when the appeal was received.     WT/ACC/SPEC/MOL/2/Rev.2 
Page 32  
 
 2. Interconnection and Numbering
 
2.1.  In the event a service supplier is unable to  reach agreement with any or dominant service 
supplier or interconnection, following a reasonable am ount of time, either party may refer the dispute 
to the Administration of telecommunications in Republic of Moldova. 
2.2.  Service supplier shall be required to  disclose information concerning technical 
measures/parameters that will affect use of such facilities for other service suppliers.   
2.3.  The Administration of telecommunications sha ll exercise all power to enable it to effectively 
provide guidelines for, and determine, the terms of interconnection arrangements between licensees 
where the parties are unable to agree. 
2.4.  The Administration of telecommunications shall develop/assign non-discriminatory national 
telecommunication numbering plans. 
3.  Competitions Safeguards and Standards  
3.1. When facilities-based service supplier with dominant market position is found engaged in 
unfair or anti-competitive practices, re medial measures will be available 
3.2. When dominant service supplier provides a competitive service he shall establish separate 
accounting procedure for the competitive service. Cross subsidy is not permitted. 
3.3. The Administration of telecommunicati ons shall notify and publish regulations for 
establishing national standards for telecom e quipment and services. The Administration of 
telecommunications can specify different standards for different classes of telecom equipment/services and establish procedure for testing. 
3.4. The type of telecom equipment that may be used for the establishment, maintenance or 
operation of telecom systems or services will be accepted only through auction.  
4.  Tariff Regime
 
 The Administration of telecommunications in accordance with the regulations including 
following principles shall regulate the level of ta riffs for telecom services including basic telephone 
service: 
4.1.  The regulations shall apply equally to co mparable provider/users of any regulated telecom 
service; 
4.2.  The criteria used for the establishment of tariff shall regularly be published 1-1,5 months 
before the criteria are adopted; 
4.3.  Tariffs shall be at a level which provides a reasonable rate of return on investments taking 
into account the cost of operation; and 
4.4.  The cross-subsidization in telecom services shall be permitted only with except in strictly 
determinate conditions. 
__________