RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
9 July 1999 
 (99-2844) 
Working Party on the 
Accession of Chinese Taipei Original:   English 
 
 
 
ACCESSION OF CHINESE TAIPEI 
 
Specific Commitments on Services  
 
Revision  
  The following draft has been received from the Representation of the Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (h ereinafter referred to as "Chinese Taipei") for 
consideration by Members. 
 
 
_______________ 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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Sector or sub-sector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatment Additional commitments 
I.  HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
 Investment  
(3) 
(a) Foreign business and individuals may 
directly invest in Chinese Taipei , 
unless otherwise falling into the 
measures of limitations specified in the specific sectors. 
(b) Until 31 December 2000, with respect 
to portfolio investment in companies whose shares are list ed in the securities 
markets of Chinese Taipei.   
 i. Any non-Chinese Taipei natural or 
juridical person may hold 50% of 
the total issued stocks of a listed 
company; 
ii. All non-Chinese Taipei natural or 
juridical persons, in the aggregate, 
may hold 50% of the total issued stocks of a listed company.   
     On January 1, 2001 and thereafter, no 
limitations shall exist, except as otherwise specified in this schedule for 
specific sectors. 
 Before 1 January 2001 the investment 
ceilings will be reviewed every six 
months.  
   
 
      WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Sector or sub-sector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatment Additional commitments 
         Acquiring the Rights and Interests in the 
Land  
(3) Land in agriculture, forestry, 
fishing, pasture, hunting, salt 
production, mines, and sources of 
water may not be transferred, encumbered or leased to foreigners.  
   Entry and Temporary Stay  of Natural 
Persons  
(4) Unbound, except for measures 
concerning the entry and temporary stay of natural persons in the following 
categories:    
 
(4) Unbound except for measures 
concerning the categories of natural persons referred to in the market 
access column.  
 (a) Business visitors  may enter and stay for 
an initial period of no more than 90 
days.  
Business visitor  being a natural person 
who stays in Chinese Taipei without 
receiving remuneration from within 
Chinese Taipei and is not engaged in making direct sales to the general 
public, for the purpose of participating 
in business meetings, business negotiations, the preparation for 
establishing a commercial presence or 
other similar activities.   
 
  
(b) Intra-corporate Transferees  may enter 
and stay in Chinese Taipei for three-year initial period that may be renewed 
for one-year periods indefinitely.   
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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Sector or sub-sector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 Intra-corporate transferee  being a 
natural person who has been employed 
by a juridical person of another member for a period of not less than 1 year and 
who seeks temporary entry to provide 
services as a responsible person, a senior manager or a specialist through a 
branch, subsidiary or affiliate 
established in Chinese Taipei.     
 A responsible person means a board 
director, the general manager, a branch 
manager or a department head 
appointed by the board with the authority to sign for the employing 
entity. 
   A senior manager means a head or a 
supervisor who has the authority to 
appoint or remove the personnel or to make such recommendation, and has 
the power to make decisions over the 
day-to-day operation. 
   
 
 A specialist means a natural person 
within an organisation who possesses knowledge at an advanced level of 
expertise and who possesses proprietary 
knowledge of the organisation's services, research equipment, 
techniques, or management. (Specialists 
may include, but are not limited to, members of licensed professions.)  
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Sector or sub-sector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 
  
(c) A natural person employed by business 
entities in Chinese Taipei, may enter and stay for a period of no more than 3 
years.            
  
 
 
  
(d) Persons who are employees of an  
enterprise outside Chinese Taipei not 
having commercial presence in Chinese 
Taipei may enter and stay in Chinese Taipei with the following requirements: 
 
i. The enterprise outside Chinese 
Taipei has concluded a service 
contract with an enterprise engaged 
in business operation in Chinese Taipei;  
  
 
   
ii. These persons should have been 
employed by the enterprise outside 
Chinese Taipei for a period of no less than one year and have met the 
requirements prescribed for 
"specialist" above; 
 
iii. The persons may not engage in 
other employment while in Chinese 
Taipei;  
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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 iv. The commitment relates only to the 
service activity which is the subject 
of the contract.  It does not confer entitlement to practice generally as 
a licensed professional in Chinese 
Taipei. 
 
Each temporary stay may be for a  
period of no more than 90 days or for the duration of the contract, whichever 
is less.  
  
 
 
  
Such entry permit may be valid for a twelve month period.  
 
Such persons may be permitted multiple entries within the twelve month period. 
 
The contract has to be obtained for providing services mentioned below: 
  
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Sector or sub-sector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatment Additional commitments 
    architectural services (8671), 
engineering services (8672), integrated 
engineering services (8673), urban planning and landscape architectural 
services (8674), computer and related  
services (841, 842, 843, 844, 845,849), research and development services 
(851, 852, 853), market research and 
public opinion polling services (864), management consulting services (865), 
services related to management 
consulting (866), engineering related scientific and technical consulting 
services (8675), maintenance and repair 
of equipment (633, 8861-8866) (excluding maritime vessels and land 
transport equipment), and travel 
agencies and tour operators services (7471).    WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 8 
 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption ab road 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons 
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
A. Professional Services 
a) Legal Services(861**)  
i.  Legal services provided by 
"Attorney of foreign legal affairs (AFLA)"
3  
- AFLA  practicing the law of 
his/her home  jurisdiction(s) or international law independently. 
- AFLA cooperating with the 
licensed lawyer in Chinese Taipei or acquiring the latter's 
written opinions in the matters 
concerning marriage, parental or inheritance cases in which the 
national of Chinese Taipei  is a 
party or the estates is located in Chinese Taipei. 
ii. Foreign legal assistant or 
consultant: - assisting Chinese Taipei 
lawyers or AFLAs but not 
conducting litigation or providing other legal services 
under the assistant/consultant's 
own name.  
 
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None, except that  
i.  access is restricted to natural persons
1 
having established a law office in the form of sole proprietorship or  
ii.   partnership
2 in a law office is limited to 
persons registered as attorneys of foreign legal affairs.   
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
  
 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Access is restricted to natural persons. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) The firm name must indicate the 
title of "AFLA"
3 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
  
 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 
 (3) Chinese Taipei will 
grant recognition of AFLA 
to the following: i. the service provider 
is qualified as a lawyer in 
his/her home jurisdiction(s), and 
 
  
 
  
ii. the service provider  
has practiced as a qualified lawyer for at least 5 years in 
his/her home jurisdiction(s).  
However, should a foreign lawyer be employed by a 
lawyer of Chinese Taipei as 
an assistant or consultant or   
                                                      
 
1 The AFLA is required to indicate the jurisdicti on(s) where he/she is qualified as a lawyer. 
 
2 Note For transparency: According to the law of Chin ese Taipei, a partnership is not a juridical person.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Additional commitments 
    have practiced his/her home 
jurisdiction laws elsewhere, the term, up to a maximum 
of two years, of employment 
or practice may be accredited to the said five 
year term. 
iii. Any foreign lawyer who is already employed by 
a Chinese Taipei lawyer by 
the date of Chinese Taipei's accession to the WTO in 
accordance with the 
Regulation Concerning Chinese Taipei's Lawyers' 
Employment of Foreigners 
and Administration Thereof, may apply to become an 
AFLA after the completion 
of the two years' employment period. 
   (b) Chinese Taipei will 
allow AFLAs to establish 
partnership with or employ 
licensed lawyer  of Chinese Taipei upon the the 
accession to the WTO. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3 Registration shall be made with the Bar Association in the lo cality in Chinese Taipei where the law office is located after th e person is recognized by Chinese Taipei as 
"AFLA".  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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Additional commitments 
    (c) Foreigners who are 
college graduates majoring in law-related subject or  
have law-related working  
experience for at  least two  years, or who have passed 
the lawyer's 
   examination in any foreign 
country and may be 
employed by Chinese Taipei lawyers or "AFLAs" to work 
as assistants or consultants. 
b) Accounting, Auditing 
and Bookkeeping  Services  
(862) 
 i.  Certified Public 
Accountant (862**)  
 
 
 (1)  None, except for services related to 
accountant attestation practice in Chinese 
Taipei, which can be provided only by the certified public accountants of Chinese 
Taipei.  
 
 
 (1)  None.    WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Sector or sub-sector  
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Additional commitments 
   
 
  
 
  
 
  
ii. Other (excluding   
certified public accountant) (862**)  
(2)  None, except for services related to accountant attestation practice in Chinese 
Taipei, which can be     provided only by the 
certified public accountants of Chinese   Taipei. 
(3)   None, except that access is restricted 
to natural persons having established an office other than in a form of a company 
(4)   Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(2)  None.  
 
  
(3)  None. 
  
(4)  Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
 
 c) Taxation Services (863) 
i. Income Tax    Certification 
Services    (863**)   
(1) None, except for services related to 
Chinese Taipei's income tax certifications, 
which can only be provided by the tax attorneys of Chinese Taipei. 
(2) None, except for services related to 
Chinese Taipei's income tax certifications, which can only be provided by the tax 
attorneys  of Chinese Taipei. 
(3) None, except that access is restricted to natural persons having established an 
office other than in a form of a company.  
(1) None. 
 
  
(2) None. 
  
 
(3) None.  
 
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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Sector or sub-sector  
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Additional commitments 
 ii. Taxation Services (excluding income tax 
certification services supplied by 
a tax attorney) (863**)  
d), e), f), g)  
Architectural Services(8671), Engineering Services (8672), 
Integrated Engineering  Services 
(8673), Urban Planning and Landscape 
Architectural Services (8674) 
  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
i.  Architect  (1) None, except for services related  to the 
architect  certification practice in Chinese Taipei, which can only be provided by the 
licensed architects of Chinese Taipei. 
(2) None, except for services related to architect certification practice in Chinese 
Taipei, which can only be provided by the 
licensed architects of Chinese Taipei.  (3) None, except that access is restricted to 
natural persons having established an office 
other than in a form of a company.  (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. In addition: 
Architecture firms established in Chinese Taipei may employ foreign technicians 
specialized in architecture, construction and 
related engineering technology. (1) None. 
  
 
(2) None.  
 
 (3) None. 
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Sector or sub-sector  
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Additional commitments 
ii.  Professional Engineer (1) None, except for services related to 
professional engineer certification practice in Chinese Taipei, which can only be provided 
by the licensed professional engineers of 
Chinese Taipei. (2) None, except for services related to 
professional engineer certification practice in 
Chinese Taipei, which can only be provided by the licensed professional engineers of 
Chinese Taipei. (1) None. 
  
 
 (2) None.  
 (3) None, except that access is restricted to 
natural persons having established an office 
other than in a form of a company. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
iii. Other (excluding the architect 
and professional engineer 
certification services)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in  the 
horizontal section.  
 
 
I) Veterinary Services (932) 
   
(1) None, except for services related  
to the prescription, diagnosis and examination which shall be provided by the licensed 
veterinarian of Chinese Taipei with practice 
permit from Chinese Taipei. (2) None. 
  
(1) None. 
  
 
 (2)  None.  
 
 (3)  None, except that 
(a)  access is restricted to natural 
persons having established an office other 
than in a form of a company. (3)  None.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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Sector or sub-sector  
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Additional commitments 
   
(b) Veterinary assistant shall also meet one of the following requirements with 
verification documents: 
i. practicing as a veterinarian assistant for at least 4 years; or 
ii.  undertaking veterinary-related work for 
at least 5 years.  
  
   
  (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
B.  Computer and Related Services (excluding the 
computer airline reservation 
system services) (841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 849) 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
C. Research and  Development 
Services (851, 852, 853) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Sector or sub-sector  
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Additional commitments 
 D. Real Estate Services - Services Incidental to 
Residential and Non-residential 
Buildings and Land Sales Agents (82203**, 82205**) 
 
  
 
E. Rental/leasing Services without Operators   
b)  Concerning  Aircraft 
(excluding cabotage)(83104**)  
 
 c) Concerning financial leasing 
of private cars (83101 **)  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
  
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 
 
  
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 d)  Concerning Other Machinery and Equipment (83106 -83109)  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
 e) Other (832) 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in  the 
horizontal section. 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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Additional commitments 
 F. Other Business Services   
a) Advertising Services 
    i. TV and Radio Advertising Services (the 
businesses producing or 
broadcasting/ screening advertisements for TV or radio.) 
(871**)  
  
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
  
  
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 
  
 
 ii. Other Advertising         Services (871**)  
  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section.  
 
 b) Market Research and Public 
Opinion Polling Services (864)  
  
 
 c) Management Consulting 
Services (865)       
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section. 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated 
   in the horizontal section.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Sector or sub-sector  
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Additional commitments 
 d) Services Related to Management Consulting (866) 
(includes management and 
operation by contract of health care facilities on a "for fee" 
basis but does not include 
practice of the medical profession)  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section.  
 
 
e) Technical Testing and 
Analysis Services (8676)   
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 
f)  Consulting services Incidental to Agriculture, 
Animal Husbandry and Forestry 
(88110**, 88120**, 88140**)  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
  
 
 
h) Services Incidental to 
Mining (883,5115)  
 
  
i) Services Incidental to 
Manufacturing (excluding CPC 88442 publishing and printing) 
(884**, 885)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the 
horizontal section.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 k) Placement and Supply Services of Personnel (872)  
(1) Unbound. (2) None. 
(3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) Unbound. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section.  
 
 
m) Engineering Related 
Scientific and Technical Consulting Services (8675) 
 
  
n) Maintenance and Repair of 
Equipment (633, 8861-8866) (excluding maritime vessels, 
aircraft and other transport 
equipment)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the 
horizontal section.  
 
 
o) Building-cleaning Services (874) 
  
(1) Unbound*. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) Unbound*. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
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Additional commitments 
 p)  Photographic Services (875)  
 
  
 
q) Packaging Services(876)  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
  
 
 r) Publishing Services (88442**)  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.   
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and residence in 
Chinese  Taipei is required for a 
publisher  and an editor.  
 
 s) Convention Services (87909*) 
 
* Activities of establishments engaged in provision of 
planning, 
organising, managing and  marketing services for 
conventions and similar events 
(including catering and beverage service) 
  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
 .  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
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Sector or sub-sector  
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Additional commitments 
 t) Other          i. Telephone Answering   
      Services (87903)  
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in  the 
horizontal section.  
 
ii.  Duplicating Services    (87904) 
 
  
 
iii. Translation and 
Interpretation  
 Services (87905) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 
  
iv.  Mailing List Compilation 
 and Mailing Services 
  (87906) 
  
 
v. Specialty Design Services  (87907) 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 21 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
 
B. Land-based International 
Courier Services: All 
ground services arising as part of an international 
shipment being handled by 
an air express carrier, for delivery to a consignee, 
except for those currently 
specifically reserved to the Chinese Taipei postal 
authorities by law.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
C.  Telecommunication services 
- This draft schedule is in accordance wi th the Chairman's notes of 16 January 1997 (S/GBT/W/2/Rev.1) on Scheduling Basic Telec ommunication 
Services Commitments, and of 3 February 1997 (S/GBT/W/3 ) on Market Access Limitations on Spectrum Availability. 
(A) BASIC TELECOMMUNI-
CATION SERVICES  
 
Facilities-based and public switched telecom service
4 
 
    
                                                      
4 According to the Telecommunication Act of Chinese Taipei, this sector's services shall be prov ided by Type I telecommunication s enterprises. 
A Type I Telecommunications enterprise refe rs to an enterprise that installs telecommunications machinery and line facilities t o provide telecommunications 
services. 
The above facilities refer to network tr ansmission facilities connecting the sending and receiving terminals, switching facilit ies installed as part of the network 
transmission facilities and the auxiliary facilities thereof.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 22 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
(a) Voice telephone services 
(7521) 
 
(b) Packet-switched data 
transmission services  
(7523**) 
(c)  Circuit-switched data 
      transmission services  
( 7523**)     
(d) Telex services  
(7523**)  (1) None except :For voice telephone 
services, the use of leased circuits connected to PSTN is not allowed until 1 
July 2001. 
(2) None. (1) None. 
  
 
(2) None. Chinese Taipei undertakes 
the obligations contained in the reference paper attached 
hereto. 
 
(e) Telegraph services  
 (7522) 
(f) Facsimile services  
(7521**, 7529**) 
(g) Private leased circuit 
services (7522**, 7523**) 
  
(3) As of 31 December 19995 for sub-sector 
(g) only through satellite technology and 
as of 1 July 20016 for all other, , none 
except: 
  - A service supplier shall be a  Company 
Limited by Shares incorporated in 
Chinese Taipei. 
 - Direct investment by non-Chinese Taipei 
persons in a service supplier cannot 
exceed 20 %, but the aggregate of direct and indirect investment by non-Chinese  
(3) The chairman and a majority of the 
board of directors shall be Chinese 
Taipei  nationals.  
 
    
                                                      
5 Licence application has been started on 20 June 1998. 
6 Licence application will be started on 1 January 1999.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 23Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
  
 Taipei persons in a service supplier other 
than  Chunghwa Telecom,  is permitted to 60 %
7. 
 - The aggregate percentage of shares held 
by non-Chinese Taipei persons in  Chunghwa Telecom, including direct and 
indirect investment, cannot exceed 20 %. 
78  
  
  
 
  
 
 
     
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
                                                      
7 Note for Transparency: 
Direct investment refers to equity held directly by non-Chinese Taipei persons.  Indirect investment refers to equity held by n on-Chinese Taipei persons through a 
Chinese -Taipei company. 
 
For the purpose of determ ining whether the ceiling limitation on  the aggregate investment has be en exceeded, the percentage of indirect investment in a services 
supplier held through a Chinese Taipei company is calculated as follows: 
 
Indirect investment = the percentage of direct investment in the service provider held by the company formed between a non-Chin ese Taipei person and a Chinese 
Taipei person multiplied by the percentage of direct investment held by the non-Chinese Taipei person in this company. 
 
As noted, the aggregate of direct investment by non-Chinese Taipei persons and indirect investment as determined through the ab ove formula  is permitted  to 60%.  
 
 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 24 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 (o) Others: - Land-based mobile 
communications services: 
Cellular mobile phone services (75213*),  
Radio paging services  
(75291*) Trunked radio services 
 (7523**, 75213*)   
Mobile data services  (7523**)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None except: 
- A service supplier shall be a Company 
Limited by Shares incorporated in 
Chinese Taipei. 
Direct investment by non-Chinese Taipei persons in a service supplier cannot exceed 
20%, but the aggregate of direct and indirect 
investment by non-Chinese Taipei persons in a service supplier other than  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) The chairman and a majority of 
the board of directors shall be Chinese Taipei nationals.  
 
 
 
 Chunghwa Telecom, is permitted to 60 %8. 
- The aggregate percentage of shares held 
by non-Chinese Taipei persons in Chunghwa Telecom, including direct and indirect 
investment, cannot exceed 20 %.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
 
- Satellite-based  mobile 
communications services 
(75213*)   
(1) Subject to commercial arrangements with 
Chinese Taipei licensed operators. 
(2) None. (3) As of 31 December 19999, none except: 
- A service supplier shall be a Company 
Limited by Shares incorporated in Chinese Taipei.  
(1) None. 
 
 (2) None. 
(3) The chairman and a majority of 
the board of directors shall be Chinese Taipei nationals.  
 
                                                      
8 The same as Footnote 8. 
9 Licence application has been started on 20 June 1998.     WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 25Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
   
- Direct investment by non-Chinese Taipei 
persons in a service supplier cannot 
exceed 20 %, but the aggregate of direct 
and indirect investment by non-Chinese Taipei persons in a service supplier other 
than Chunghwa Telecom, is permitted to 
60 %
10. 
- The aggregate percentage of shares held 
by non-Chinese Taipei persons in 
Chunghwa Telecom, including direct and indirect investment, cannot exceed 20 %. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
 
                                                      
10 The same as Footnote 8.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 26 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
Resale-Based Services11 
 (a) Voice telephone service 
(7521)  
 (1) Until 1 July 2001: 
- No provision over leased circuits  
 for public use - No provision for closed  user groups over 
leased circuits with two-end breakout 
  -  No callback service 
None as of 1 July 2001. 
(2) None. 
(3) Until 1 July 2001:   - No provision over leased circuits for 
public use. 
  - No provision for closed  user groups  over 
leased circuits with two-end breakout 
 None as of 1 July 2001. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section 
  
 (1) None 
 
  
 
  
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
                                                      
11 According to the Telecommunication Act of Chinese Taipei, this sector's services are provided by Type II telecommunications en terprises. 
A Type II telecommunications enterprise refers to an ente rprise other than a Type I telecommunications enterprise.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 27Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 
(b) Packet-switched data 
transmission services     
(7523**)  
(c) Circuit-switched data 
transmission services  
(7523**)      
(d) Telex services  
(7523**) 
(e) Telegraph services  
 (7522) 
(f) Facsimile services  
(7521**, 7529**) 
(g) Private leased circuit 
services  
(7522**, 7523**) 
(o) Others: 
Cellular mobile phone 
services (75213*), 
 Radio paging services (75291*)  
Trunked radio services 
(7523**, 75213*), Mobile data services (7523**)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 
  
  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
     WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 28 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 (B) VALUE-ADDED 
TELECOMMUNICATION 
SERVICES
12 
 (h) Electronic mail  (7523**) 
(i) Voice mail  (7523**) 
(j) On-line information and 
data base retrieval  
(7523**) 
(k) Electronic data interchange  
(7523**) 
(l) Enhanced/value-added 
facsimile services, incl. 
store and forward, store and 
retrieve (7523**)  
  
 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
 
(m) Code and protocol 
conversion  (CPC n.a.) 
(n)  On-line information and/or 
data processing  
(843**)  
(o)  Others 
- Remote transactions - Electronic Bulletin 
Board 
- Word Processing and 
Editing   
  
  
 
 
  
                                                      
12           A c c o r d i n g  t o  t h e  T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n  A c t  o f  C h i n e s e  Taipei, this sector's services are provided by Type II telecommuni cations enterprises.  A Type II 
telecommunications enterprise refers to an enterprise other than a Type I telecommunications enterprise.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 29Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
D. Audiovisual Services (a) Video Tape / Motion 
Picture Production and 
Distribution Services 
(9611**) 
  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Motion Picture Projection 
Services (96121) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
(c) Radio and Television   
 Services (96131, 96132) (1) None, except that: 
- Wireless Radio and Television :  70% of 
the wireless radio and television programs are required to be domestically produced. 
 - Cable Television: 20 % of cable 
television programs are required to be domestically produced.  The (1)  None.  
 above-mentioned percentages shall be 
calculated on the basis of the total number of hours of program transmission on the 
activated channels of a system operator. 
(2)  None.     
  
 
(2) None.
  
 (3)  None, except that 
- Wireless Radio and Television:  70% of 
the wireless radio and television programs are required to be domestically produced.  (3) None.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 30 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
     - Cable Television: 20 % of cable 
television programs are required to be domestically produced.  The above 
mentioned percentages shall be 
calculated on the basis of the total number of hours of program 
transmission on the activated channels 
of a system operator.    
 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the  
horizontal section.  
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  
the horizontal section. In  addition, 
a transferee in the stock transaction 
of radio and television business is required to be a national residing 
in Chinese Taipei.  
 
 
Sound Recording Services  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
3. Construction and related 
engineering services 
 (511-518) 
(including dredging) 
 (1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the  
horizontal section.  (1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  
the horizontal section.  
 
 
 
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 31Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
 A. Commission Agents'  
Services (621) 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
  B. Wholesale Trade Services 
(excluding firearms and 
military equipment) (622) 
 
 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the  
horizontal section. 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the  
horizontal section.  
 
C. Retailing Services (631, 
632, 6111, 6113, 6121) (excluding firearms and 
military equipment)  (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 D. Franchising (8929)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in  
the horizontal section. 
  
 
 
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 32 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
5. EDUCATION SERVICES 
Student Placement Services for Overseas Studies
13 related to 
education services as  described 
in CPC 9222,9223, 9224, 
923,924, and 929 (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the  
horizontal section.  
 (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the  
horizontal section.   
Education Services (9222, 9223, 
9224, 923, 924, 929) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except that:  (a) The principal / president and chairman of 
the board should be national of Chinese 
Taipei. (b)The number of foreigners as director may 
not exceed one third of the board and may not 
exceed five directors. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.   
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the  
horizontal section 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
                                                      
13          Excluding acting as an agent for collecting tuition fees and for holding classes   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 33Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
 A. Sewage Services (9401); 
Refuse Disposal Services 
(9402); Sanitation and Similar Services (9403); Others (9404, 
9405, 9409)  
  
B. Consulting Services 
Incidental to Nature and Landscape Protection  (9406**)  
(1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in  the 
horizontal section. 
  
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Un
bound except as indicated in   
the horizontal section.  
 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 34 
 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
 
All sectors listed in financial services 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
Applications for new products will be reviewed 
and responded to within 
three months of receipt of the completed 
documentation; and 
applications for products that have already been approved 
for other financial 
institutions will be reviewed and responded to within 15 
days of receipt of completed 
documentation. It is the ongoing intention of Chinese 
Taipei to further expedite 
and streamline the general approval procedures for new 
and existing products.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 35Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 A. Insurance and Insurance  Related Services 
a) Direct Insurance: 
i. Life, accident and health insurance (excluding 
compulsory social security 
services and pension insurance currently reserved to the 
government under Chinese 
Taipei law) ii. Non-life Insurance    
  
 
(1) Unbound, except: (a) maritime shipping and commercial 
aviation, with such insurance to cover any or 
all of the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle transporting the goods 
and any liability arising therefrom; and  
(b) goods in international transit.  (2) Unbound except for  individual life 
insurance.  In addition, the solicitation and 
marketing activities in the territory of Chinese Taipei by non-resident financial service 
suppliers are not allowed. 
(3) Commercial presence should be limited to the form of branch, subsidiary, joint venture, 
or representative office; when the presence of 
a foreign mutual insurance company takes the form of a branch, the parent company of such 
branch must have net worth of at least NT$2 
billion.  
  
 
(1) None.    
 
  
 
 (2) Unbound. 
 
  
 
(3) None.  
  
 
1. All rate formulas, policy clauses, insurance 
application forms and other 
relevant materials prescribed by the Ministry of Finance 
(MOF) and amendments to 
such items may be filed with MOF for recordation prior to 
their use and may be used 
thereafter unless MOF disapproves within 15 days 
after receipt in the case of 
products that have already been approved for other 
financial institutions; and 
within 90 days after receipt in the case of new products. 
   
 
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the  
horizontal section.  
  
 
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
2. The official version of 
insurance policies may be 
issued in English language, but a translation of the policy 
into the Chinese language 
must be attached.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 36 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 b) Reinsurance and Retrocession Service  
(1) None. (2) None.   
(3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
  
(1) None.   (2) None.  
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
 c) Insurance  Intermediation (including agent, broker, 
adjuster and insurance  solicitor 
services)  
(1) Unbound, except insurance broker services for: 
(a) maritime shipping and commercial 
aviation, with such insurance to cover any or all of the following: the goods being 
transported, the vehicle transporting the goods 
and any liability arising therefrom; and (b) goods in international transit. 
(2) Unbound. 
(3) Except marine adjusters, all foreign agents, brokers, and adjusters who have set up branch 
offices in Chinese Taipei must employ at least 
one individual who has secured a Chinese Taipei's agent, broker, or adjuster licence.  
(1) Unbound.  
 
  
 
  
(2) Unbound. 
(3) None.  
 
  (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. In addition, one who has 
obtained an agent, broker, and adjuster 
qualification certificate may not practice business in the name of individual. 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 
d) Insurance Auxiliary 
Services (including claim settlement, actuarial services 
and consultancy services)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 37Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 B. Banking and Other Financial Services  
(excluding insurance, securities 
and futures)  
All services listed in this sub-
sector  
  
 
  
(1) Unbound. 
(2) None, except:1- that solicitation and marketing activities in the territory of Chinese 
Taipei by non-resident financial services 
providers is prohibited ; 2-financial services consumed abroad have to be permitted in the 
jurisdiction where they are consumed.  
  
 
  
(1) Unbound. 
(2) None.  
As of 1 January 2000, Chinese Taipei will permit 
the opening, at customer 
request, of foreign currency deposit accounts abroad and 
the transfer of funds to these 
accounts pursuant to the prudential regulations of 
competent authorities of 
Chinese Taipei. Specifically, this means that 
Chinese Taipei residents will 
be 
 (3)  None, except that 
(a) Provision of banking services, listed  in this sub-sector, through the commercial presence 
in Chinese Taipei shall be limited to the 
establishment of the following institutions: commercial banks,  branches of foreign banks, 
offshore banking branches of  banks, foreign 
exchange  brokerage firms, credit card institutions and bills finance companies. (3) None. permitted to seek 
information from the local branch of foreign banks on 
opening accounts abroad.  
The local branch of the foreign banks will be 
allowed to provide 
information upon request, including application forms 
and to provide information 
on filling out such forms.   
 (b) The following financial institutions 
incorporated in Chinese Taipei shall be 
Companies Limited by Shares: banks, bills finance companies and foreign exchange 
brokerage firms.  The application forms have 
to be sent directly by the 
customer to the parent bank outside Chinese Taipei for 
processing and approval.  
The foreign bank will not be  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 38 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
  (c) Commercial Banks:  
  any single person shall not hold shares in a bank in excess of 5% of the total issued 
shares of the bank, nor shall persons related to 
the shareholder hold shares in excess of 15% in the aggregate, unless the approval of the 
MOF has been obtained.  
  
permitted to solicit such business through any 
channels, including 
advertising, promotion or the posting of information in 
Chinese Taipei. 
 
  
(d) Branches of Foreign Banks: A foreign bank may apply to establish its first 
branch in Chinese Taipei when it meets the 
prior-business-activity test, or rank among the top five hundre d banks in the world by assets 
or capital.  The prior-business-activity test 
requires that a foreign bank should have a total business volume of at least US$1 billion with 
the banks and major enterprises of Chinese 
Taipei in the previous three calendar years, of  which there shall have been a total amount of 
not less than US$180 million granted as 
medium- or long-term credits.    
  
 
  (e)  Offshore Banking Branches of Banks: 
i. An offshore banking branch may not conduct transaction or exchange business 
between foreign currencies and New Taiwan 
dollars, and also may not engage in direct investment in company stocks or real estate. 
ii. Customers of offshore banking  branches 
are limited to non-  residents and  foreign exchange banks.  
  
 
 (f) Trust Investment Companies:   
New entry is prohibited. 
(g) Foreign exchange brokerage firms: 
Investment in a foreign exchange brokerage firm is subject to the following restrictions:     WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 39Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
i. investment by each domestic or foreign 
financial institution is limited to 10% of the ownership share. 
  
ii. investment by each domestic  or foreign 
party other than  financial institutions is limited to 20% of the ownership share. 
The investment by money brokerage firms is 
exempt from the above-mentioned restrictions. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 
a)  Acceptance of deposits 
     and other repayable funds  
(3) Acceptance of foreign exchange checking 
account deposits and issuance of foreign exchange negotiable certificates of time 
deposit are not allowed. 
Offshore banking branches accepting foreign exchange deposits may not:  
(3)  None.  
 
 
  
(a) accept foreign currency cash 
deposits; 
(b) permit the withdrawal of foreign exchange deposits in New Taiwan dollars. 
  
   
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 40 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 b) Lending of all types  
(3)  (a) Foreign banks are subject to per client 
foreign currency credit extension limit of 25% 
of the net worth of their head office; and per client New Taiwan dollar credit extension 
limit of 10% of the total balance of New 
Taiwan dollars credit extension or one billion New Taiwan dollars, whichever is higher. 
(b) Foreign currency financing is only 
available  when there are underlying transactions .   
(3) None.  
 
 
  
(c)The borrowers of foreign currency loans are 
limited to domestic enterprises and individuals.  Foreign currency loans, except 
for post -export loans,  are not allowed to be 
converted into New Taiwan dollars.   
  
 
 
c) Financial leasing  
 
 d) Payment and money       
transmission services 
 e) Guarantees and     
commitments  
(3) None. 
 
 (3) None. 
 
 (3) Foreign banks are subject to per client 
foreign currency credit  extension limit of 25% 
of the net worth of their head office; and per client New Taiwan dollar credit extension 
limit of 10% of the total balance of New 
Taiwan dollars credit extension or one billion New Taiwan dollars, whichever is higher.  
(3) None. 
 
 (3) None. 
 
 (3) None. 
 
  
 
  
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 41Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 Guarantees of foreign currency guarantee 
business are limited to domestic enterprises and individuals.   
f) Trading for own account or 
for account of customers in the 
following instruments: 
      - Money market instruments       - Foreign exchange 
      - Bullion 
 - Derivative products not traded on the exchange  and 
exempted from the Futures 
Trading Law by the Ministry of Finance or the Central Bank,  
such as currency  options, 
interest rate options, FX swaps, cross currency swaps, interest 
rate swaps, forward rate 
agreements and margin trading   (3) Forward exchange business  is available  
when there are underlying transactions. 
Branches of  banks are not allowed to trade for 
own account  in corporate stocks.  
 (3) None.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 42 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 g)  Participation in the issue of short-term bills 
 
h)  Money broking  
 
  
i)  Trust service 
  
 
k)  Provision and transfer   of financial information,  and 
financial data  processing and 
related software by suppliers of other financial services  
(3) None.  
 
(3) Foreign exchange brokerage firms are not allowed to engage in broking business of New 
Taiwan dollar money market. 
  
(3) Banks are not allowed to receive trust fund 
of which the principal or interest is guaranteed. 
 
(3) None.  
 
   
(3) None.  
 
(3) None.  
 
  
(3) None. 
  
 
(3) None.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 43Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 C. Securities and Futures  
 f) Trading for own account or 
for account of customers, whether on an exchange, in an 
over-the-counter market or 
otherwise, in the  following instruments: 
 
- derivative products subject 
to the Futures Trading Law,  
including, but not limited to, 
futures and options14 
 
- transferable securities  
  
 
  
 
  
 
(1) Unbound. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 
 
 (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
 
  
 
  
 
(1) Unbound. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal section. 
 
 (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
                                                      
14 Note for transparency: All the derivative pr oducts are subject to the Futures Trading Law except otherwise exempted by the rele vant competent 
authorities, i.e. the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank, as provided for in the said Law.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 44 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 g) Participation in issues of all kinds of securities (excluding 
short-term bills), including 
underwriting and placement as agent (whether publicly or 
privately) and provision of 
services related to such issues  
(1) Unbound. (2) None. 
 
  
 
 (3) Securities business only include brokerage, 
underwriting, and dealership. 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
(1) Unbound. (2)  None. 
(3) None.  
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 i) Asset management, such as 
cash or portfolio management, 
all forms of collective investment management, 
pension fund management, 
custodial, depository and trust services  
(1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) Securities investment trust enterprises: 
(a) Equity interest in a company held by a 
single share holder and its related parties is subject to a ceiling limitation of 25% except 
for  
(1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
 
 those who meet  the  qualifications as stated in  
(b) i. ii. and iii.. 
(b) At least 20% of the equity holding should come from promoters who meet  the following 
qualifications : 
   
i. fund management institutions  :  at least 
NTD 65 billion of mutual fund, unit trust, 
or investment trust under management (assets managed by  their 50%, or more 
than 50%, holding subsidiaries included)    WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 45Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
ii. banks  :  ranked among top 1000 of world 
banks in terms of assets or net worth 
iii. insurance companies  :  holding at least 
NTD 8 billion securities assets. 
 Securities depository enterprises: Only one 
securities depository can be established for 
one stock market (exchange).15 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal sections.  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal sections.  
 
j) Settlement and clearing 
services for financial assets, 
including securities, derivative products, and other negotiable 
instruments  
(1) Unbound except that domestic securities 
issuers may make settlement and clearance 
through Euroclear,   CEDEL or DTC (Depository Trust Company). 
(2) None.  
(3) None except that: i.  Only securities exchanges 
and the securities depository enterprises 
entrusted by the securities exchanges can provide securities settlement and clearing 
services.  
ii. Securities depository enterprises: Only one securities depository can be established in one 
exchange. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
  
(1) Unbound. 
 
  
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
 
  
 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
     
                                                      
15 Banks permitted by the Bureau of Monetary Affairs to engage in the custodial business are allowed to provide such service for collective investment funds.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 46 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 k) Provision and transfer of financial information, and 
financial data processing and 
related software by providers of other financial services  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
l) (i.e. services  provided by 
the securities consulting 
enterprises in the following categories: a. accepting 
assignment of providing for 
researches, analyses and advices relating to securities 
investments; b. issuing 
publications relating to securities investments;  
(1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 c. hosting seminars relating to 
securities investments, and d. 
providing other services relating to securities investments which 
have been approved by the 
SFC), intermediation and other auxiliary financial services  
  
  
 
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 47 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES 
 
 Human Health Services (931) 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Other - Leasing or rental services 
concerning medical devices 
without operator                           
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) A hospital should be established only by a non-profit institution
16.  In addition: 
(a) the number of foreigners as directors 
should not exceed one third of total directors; 
(b) more than one third of total directors 
should be medical professionals. (4) Medical services should be provided by 
persons with medical licenses issued by 
Chinese Taipei.  
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
 
  
 
 (4) Medical services should be 
provided by persons  with medical 
licenses issued by Chinese Taipei.               
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.                               
 
 
 
  
 
 
                                                      
16 Note for Transparency: Non-profit institutions are permitte d to purchase and consume services from for-profit entities .  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 48 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES 
 A. Hotels and Restaurants 
(including catering)  
a) Hotel (limited to tourist hotel) (excluding food 
and beverage serving services) 
(64110**)  
 
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 
  
 
 
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
 b) Hotels (limited to regular 
hotel) (64110**) 
  
 
 c) Food  serving services 
(642) (including related 
beverage serving services)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the       
 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated 
 in horizontal section.  
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated 
 in horizontal section.  
 
 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour 
Operators Services (7471)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated 
 in the horizontal section.   
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 49Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 C. Tourist Guides Services 
(7472)  
(1) Unbound. (2) None. 
(3) Unbound except such services can only 
be provided by a travel agency or a tour operator.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
  
(1) Unbound. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section. In 
addition, a foreigner can apply for the travel-guide examination only if 
he has obtained the alien resident 
certificate and has resided in Chinese Taipei for more than six 
months.  
 
 10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES (OTHER THAN AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES) 
 
B. News Agency Services 
(962)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
 the horizontal section. 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. In addition, residence in Chinese Taipei is 
required for a publisher and an 
editor. 
 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 50 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 D. Sporting and Other 
Recreational Services 
(limited to 96411, 96412, 
96419)   
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
 
C. Air Transport Services17 
  a) Maintenance and repair of 
aircraft  
 
 (1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
 
 (1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  (4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section.   
 
 
 b) Selling and marketing of 
air transport services  
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.   
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated 
in horizontal section.  
 
 
c) Computer reservation 
system  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
 
                                                      
17 As defined in the Annex on Air Transport Services.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 51Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 E. Rail Transport Services  
  
  
 
 a) Passenger transportation 
(7111 )  
(1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 
  
(1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section.  
 
 
b) Freight transportation 
(7112)    
(1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 
  
(1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section.  
 
 
d) Maintenance and repair of 
rail transport equipment 
(8868**) 
 
  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section.  
 
 F. Road Transport Services  
a) Passenger transportation 
(limited to car rental services)  
  
(1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
  
(1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section. 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 52 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 b) Import and export of 
freight that has an origin or 
destination outside of 
Chinese Taipei (7123**, excluding regular route 
freight transportation as 
currently defined in the Highway Law and those 
services currently 
specifically reserved to the Chinese Taipei's postal 
authorities by law) 
  
(1) Unbound*. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
(1) Unbound*. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section.  
 
 d) Maintenance and 
repair of road transport 
equipment (6112, 8867)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated 
in the horizontal section.  
 
 
H.  Services Auxiliary to All 
Modes of Transport 
a) Cargo Handling Services 
(excluding ramping 
services provided in airports) (741**)  
 
 (1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 (1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3
 Page 53Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Limitations on market access  
Limitations on national treatment  
Additional commitments 
 b) Storage and Warehousing services (742)  
(1) Unbound*. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except that services provided in 
airports are not allowed until 31 December 1999.  None as of 1 January 2000. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) Unbound*. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.  
 
 
c) Freight Transport 
Agency Services (7480)   
(4) None. 
(5) None. 
(6) None. 
(7) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
 
 
d) Other Supporting and Auxiliary Transport Services 
(excluding local pick-up and 
delivery) (7490**)  
(1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
(1) None. (2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.   
 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 54 
 MFN EXEMPTIONS LIST OF 
THE SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU 
 
 
Sector or sub-sector  
Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II  
Countries to which the 
measure applies  
Intended  
duration  
Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
  ALL SECTORS  
Acquiring the Rights and Interests in Lands
 
 
Non-Chinese Taipei natural and juridical 
persons are permitted to lease or purchase land for offices, residences, shops and 
factories, churches, schools of the 
expatriates, chancellery, facilities of non-profit organisations and graveyard on a 
reciprocal basis.                                                 
  
All countries.  
  
Indefinite.  
  
Reciprocity.
 
  
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
Supporting and Auxiliary Air Transport Services 
 
- ramping services 
provided in airports 
(741**) 
 
- other supporting 
services for air 
transport (7469**)  
 
 
Foreign air carriers granted under bilateral air services agreement may self-handle their 
own cargo-handling services. 
 Foreign air carriers granted under bilateral 
air services agreement may self- handle their 
aircraft cleaning, disinfecting and towing services.  
 
 
 All countries. 
 
 All countries.  
 
 
 Indefinite. 
 
 Indefinite.  
 
 
 Bilateral air services 
agreement. 
 Bilateral air services 
agreement.
 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
 Page 55 
 
 
ANNEX  
REFERENCE PAPER  
Scope  
  The following are definitions and principl es on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
 Definitions
 
 Users
 mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
 
Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service that 
 
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers; 
and 
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a service. 
 
A major supplier  is a supplier which has the ability to mate rially affect the terms of participation 
(having regard to price and supply) in the releva nt market for basic telecommunications services as a 
result of:  
(a) control over essential facilities; or 
(b) use of its position in the market. 
 1. Competitive safeguards
 
 1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
 
 
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
 1.2 Safeguards
 
 
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:   (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;  (b) using information obtained from comp etitors with anti-competitive results; and 
  (c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical 
information about essential facilities and commercially relevant information which are necessary for 
them to provide services.  2. Interconnection
 
 
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of  one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and to access services provided by anot her supplier, where specific commitments are 
undertaken.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
Page 56  
 
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured
 
  Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interconnection is provided. 
 
 (a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditi ons (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favorable than that provided for its own like services or for like services of non-affiliate d service suppliers or for its subsidiaries 
or other affiliates; 
 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, c onditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to 
economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled  so that the supplier need not pay for 
network components or facilities that it does not  require for the service to be provided; 
and 
 
 (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
 
2.3 Public availability of the pro cedures for interconnection negotiations
 
  The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available.  2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.  2.5 Interconnection: dispute settlement
 
 
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either; 
  (a) at any time or  (b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known  
to an independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 5 
below, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate te rms, conditions and rates for interconnection within 
a reasonable period of time, to the extent th at these have not been established previously. 
 3. Universal service
 
 
 Any Member has the right to define the ki nd of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitively  per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminator y and competitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
 
4. Public availability of licensing criteria  
  Where a license is required, the following will be made publicly available:   (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a license and 
 (b) the terms and conditio ns of individual licenses.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TPKM/3/Rev.3 
 Page 57 
 
 
 
 The reasons for the denial of a license will be  made known to the applicant upon request. 
 5. Independent regulators
 
 
 The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be impartial with respect to all market participants.  6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
 
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner.  The current state of allocated frequency ba nds will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required. 
__________