WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  GATS/SC/138 
30 April 2004 
 (04-1925) 
Trade in Services   
 
 
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
Schedule of Specific Commitments in Services  
  
(This is authentic in English only) 
  
_______________ 
 
    
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 3
 THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS  
Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
 
All sectors  
CPC codes inscribed in this schedule are those contained in doc ument: Statistical Papers Series M No. 77,  Provisional Central Product Classification, Department of 
International Economic and Social Affairs, Statis tical Office of the United Nations, New York, 1991. 
 
 Commercial Presence  
In order to supply services, foreign service 
provider is required to be registered in 
FYROM as a sole proprietor, a trading 
company1, or as a branch. A representative 
office registered in FYROM cannot conduct 
business operations.  
   
 Temporary Entry and Stay of Natural 
Persons  
 
Unbound, except:   For the entry and temporary stay of natural 
persons who  fall into one of the following 
categories:   
 
 
Unbound except for th e categories in the 
Market Access column.  
                                                      
1 Pursuant to Article 16 from the Law on Trading Companies: 
A trading company is an association of two or more natural or legal persons that make monetary  or non-monetary contributions or  contribute rights in property which are used for joint operations 
and who share the profit or losses from such operations.     
A trading company shall be an independent and permanent legal person which undertakes activities for the purpose of realizing p rofit.    
A trading company may be incorporated by one person (company in corporated by a single person) as provided by this Law.   
The Law on Trading Companies, Article 18, offers the following form s of trading companies: 1) Gene ral Partnership; 2) Limited P artnership; 3) Limited Liability Company; 4) Joint-Stock 
Company; or 5) Limited Stock Partnership.   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 4 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (i) Intracorporate transferees  
 
 Natural persons being temporarily 
transferred to supply services 
through commercial presence in the territory of FYROM.  Intracorporate 
transferees are persons occupying 
senior managerial or executive positions.  This category also 
includes specialists - natural persons 
possessing high or uncommon qualifications or knowledge essential 
for the functioning of the company, 
which are important to the services that the company supplies, and who 
posses knowledge of the 
organization's services, research equipment, techniques or 
management. 
   
  For temporary stay of 
intracorporate transferees a 
temporary residence clearance is valid up to three years and is 
renewable upon request up to two 
years. 
    
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 5
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (ii) Business visitors  
 
 Natural persons who stay 
temporarily in FYROM in order to 
conclude the contract for the sale of a service on behalf of the enterprise 
they are employed or mandated for 
or participate in business meetings, fairs and other similar activities. 
Business visitors are persons not 
based in FYROM and receiving no remuneration from a source located 
in FYROM, who are engaged in 
activities related to representing a services supplier for the purpose of 
negotiating for the sale of the 
services of that supplier.  Those representatives cannot be engaged in 
making direct sales to the general 
public or in supplying services 
themselves. 
 
 The duration of temporary stay for 
business visitors is limited to 90 
days with the possibility of renewal upon request.     
  Real Estate and Land Rights  
1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) None for ownership of buildings of 
foreign providers registered in 
FYROM as sole prop rietor or trade 
company.  
4)  Unbound  
  Subsidies  
1) 2) 3) 4) Eligibility for subsidies 
reserved for national services and service 
suppliers.     
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 6 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
II. COMMITMENTS IN SPECIFIC SECTORS  
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
 
A. Professional Services  
 
(a)  Legal services 
 - Consultancy on home country, foreign and 
international law  
 (part of CPC 861)  
 
  
1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
 
  
1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Accounting and bookkeeping services   
 (CPC 86212, 86213, 86219 and 8622)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Auditing services 
 (CPC 86211)   
 1) 2) Concluding a contract with a domestic 
audit company is required. Foreign 
company must be registered in its own 
country for providing auditing services.  
 
  1) 2) A foreign audit company not 
registered in FYROM, but 
registered to conduct audit in the 
country where its main office is located, may perform audit in 
FYROM only on a contract basis in 
cooperation with a domestic audit company. 
   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 7
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 3) A foreign auditing company can 
establish only one auditing company in FYROM.     
 If the foreign company is not registered 
in its own country for providing auditing services, its participation in 
the total capital of the new established 
auditing company in FYROM cannot exceed 25%.   
 Auditing report must be officially 
produced by an auditing company, not by an employee or a contracted auditor 
as a natural person.  
 3) An auditing company must employ 
at least two auditors licensed in FYROM.  
  
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
(c) Taxation services 
 (CPC 863) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Architectural services  
 (CPC 8671) 
(e) Engineering services  
 (CPC 8672) (f) Integrated engineering services 
 (CPC 8673) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Urban planning and landscape  architectural 
services  
 (CPC 8674) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound  
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound   
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Medical and dental services  
 (CPC 9312)  1) 2) 3) 4) Unbound  1) 2) 3) 4) Unbound  The reform process is 
ongoing.  FYROM will 
negotiate taking commitments 
after 1 January 2004.   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 8 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(i) Veterinary services  
 (CPC 932)  1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4)  Unbound 1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound  
(j) Services provided by midwives, nurses, 
 physiotherapists and para-medical personnel   (CPC 93191)        1) 2) 3) 4) Unbound  1) 2) 3) 4) Unbound  The reform process is 
ongoing.  FYROM will negotiate taking commitments 
after 1 January 2004. 
B. Computer and Related Services  
 
(a) Consultancy services related to the  
installation of computer hardware  
 (CPC 841)   
(b) Software implementation services   (CPC 842)          
(c) Data processing services  
 (CPC 843)          (d) Data base services  
 (CPC 844) 
(e) Other  (CPC 845+849)  
 
1) None 
2) None 
3)  None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
1) None 
2) None 
3)  None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
C. Research and Development Services  
 (except research in the field of historical and 
cultural identity of Macedonian people and nationalities who live in FYROM)  
 
1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal section.   
  
 
1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Real Estate and Land Services  
 (b) On a fee or contract basis 
 (CPC 822) 
  
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 9
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
E. Rental/Leasing Services Without Operators 
and With Operators  
 
(a) Relating to ships  
 (CPC 83103)            
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Relating to aircraft 
 (CPC 83104)    
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Relating to other transport equipment 
 (CPC 83101+ 83102+ 83105)   
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Relating to other machinery and  
equipment 
 (CPC 83106-83109)   
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e)  Rental services relating to pre-recorded  video 
cassettes and optical discs for use  
 in home entertainment equipment    (CPC 83202) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Other Business Services  
 
(a) Advertising services   (CPC 871) 
  
 
1) None 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
 
1) None 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 10 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(b) Market research and public opinion polling 
services 
 (CPC 864)   
 1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Management consulting services  
 (CPC 865) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Services related to management consulting; 
 (CPC 866) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Technical testing and analysis  services  
 (CPC 8676) 1) Institutions should be registered in the 
international accreditation system. 
2) None 
3) Unbound 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Advisory and Consulting Services Relating to 
Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry  
 (part of CPC 881) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Services incidental to fishing  
 (CPC 882) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 11
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(h) Advisory and consulting services relating to 
mining  
 (part of CPC 883) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Placement and supply services of Personnel 
 (CPC 872) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Investigation and security 
 (CPC 873) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound  
(m) Scientific and technical consulting services  
 (CPC 8675)  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) Maintenance and repair of equipment (not 
including maritime vessels, aircraft or other 
transport equipment) 
 (CPC 633, 8861-8866)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(o) Building-cleaning services 
 (CPC 874)           1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 12 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(p) Photographic services 
 (CPC 875)           1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(q) Packaging services 
 (CPC 876) 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(r) Printing, publishing  
 (CPC 88442) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None. For publishing: None, except for 
access to subsidies: Unbound   
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
 
A. Postal Services  
 (CPC 7511) 
  
 
1) Universal postal services are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise 
Macedonian Post Office. 
2) None 3) Universal postal services are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise 
Macedonian Post Office. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
1) None 
 
 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Courier Services   
 (CPC 7512)  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 13
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
C. Telecommunication Services:  
 The commitments in this sector has been scheduled 
in accordance with the "N otes for Scheduling Basic 
Telecom Services Commitments (S/GBT/W/2/Rev.1)" and "Market Access 
Limitations on Spectrum Availability 
(S/GBT/W/3)"   See the Reference Paper 
attached 
 1) 3) 4) Macedonian Telecommunications 
has an exclusive right until 31 December 
2004  to build, posses and work with fixed 
public telecommunication networks.    If FYROM should issue 
additional licenses for fixed 
public telecommunications 
networks before  1 January 2005, foreign firms 
will be permitted to compete 
for the licenses on an equal and transparent basis with 
domestic firms, the 
exclusivity period will be 
terminated, and the 
commitments scheduled from 1 January 2005 will be 
immediately effective. 
Basic Telecommunication Services    
(a) Voice telephone services  
 1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2004.  None, as of 
1 January 2005  
2) None 3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004.  None, as of 1 January 2005 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
  
 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 14 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(b) Packet-switched data transmission services 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Circuit-switched data transmission services 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Telex services  
 1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004. None, as of 
1 January 2005 
2) None 
3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2004. None, as of 
1 January 2005 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
 
 
 2) None 
3) None 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Telegraph services  1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004.  None, as of 
1 January 2005 
2) None 
3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2004.  None, as of 
1 January  2005 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
 
 
 2) None 
3) None 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 15
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(f) Facsimile services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Private leased circuit services: 
  1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2004.  None, as of 1 January 2005 
2) None 
3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2004.  None, as of 
1 January  2005 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
 
  
2) None 
3) None  
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(o) Other services: 
 -  Mobile telecommunications 1) None 
2) None 3) Unbound until 31  December  2004. 
Beginning 1 January 2005,  None. 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section If FYROM should issue 
additional licenses for mobile telephone services before 
1 January 2005, foreign firms 
will be permitted to compete for the licenses on an equal 
and transparent basis with 
domestic firms. 
Value-added Telecommunication Services    
(h) Electronic mail     1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Voice mail  
  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 16 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(j) On-line information and data base retrieval  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Electronic data interchange (EDI)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile services, 
incl. store and forward, store and retrieve  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(m) Code and protocol conversion 
  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) On-line information and/or data processing 
(incl. transaction processing)  
  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 17
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED 
ENGINEERING SERVICES 
 
A. General construction work for buildings  
 (CPC 512)   B. General construction 
work for civil engineering  
 (CPC 513) C. Installation and assembly work
 
 (CPC 514+516)  
D. Building completion and finishing work . 
 (CPC 517) 
E. Other  
 (CPC 511+515+518)  
  
1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
  
1) Unbound  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
 Subsectors below exclude trade in arms, 
chemical products, explosives and precious 
metals 
 
A. Commission Agents’ Services   
 (CPC 6111, 6113, 6121, 621) 
B. Wholesale Trade  
 (CPC 61111, 6113, 6121, 622)  C. Retailing Services
  
 (CPC 6111, 6113, 6121, 631, 632,  
 including audio and video records, tapes and 
optical discs (CPC 63234)) 
D. Franchising   
 (CPC 8929)  
 
1) None  
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
5. EDUCATION SERVICES 
 
All education services included in this section:  
Subsectors listed below only cover privately funded education services. 
Educational services in investigation, security and 
defense areas and in history and culture of people and nationalities in FYROM are excluded.  1) 2) 3) 4) Unbound for grants and 
scholarships   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 18 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Secondary Education Services    
 (CPC 922)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Higher Education Services  
 (CPC 923)   1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Adult Education   
 (CPC 924)  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
 
A. Sewage Services   
 (CPC 9401) 
B. Refuse Disposal Services   
 (CPC 9402) 
C. Sanitation and Similar Services   
 (CPC 9403) D. Other
 
 - Cleaning services of exhaust gases  
 (CPC 94040)  - Noise abatement services   
 (CPC 94050) 
 - Nature and landscape protection services  (CPC 94060)  
 
1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 19
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
 
All sectors:  A single legal person (insurance company or a bank) cannot provide both insurance and banking services.  FYROM wi ll conduct a review of the situation in 
the light of developments in the regulation of financial servi ces sectors and will report whether this limitation can be abolis hed.  Such a review will take place by 31 
December 2008.  Domestic and foreign bank or  insurance company op erating in FYROM may set up or acquire another legal person pr oviding the other line of business 
subject to the following commitments. 
 
 
A. Insurance and Insurance Related Services as 
defined in the "Annex on Financial services"  
 
  
1) None for reinsurance and retrocession, 
maritime and aviation insurance, 
insurance sold for transportation 
vehicles licensed for commercial purposes, services auxiliary to 
insurance, and brokerage for such 
services. Unbound for other insurance services. 
2) None for reinsurance and retrocession, 
maritime and aviation insurance, 
insurance sold for transportation 
vehicles licensed for commercial purposes, services auxiliary to 
insurance, and brokerage for such 
services. Unbound for other insurance services.  
1) None  
 
  
 
  
2) None 
  
 3) Establishment of an insurance joint-
stock company in FYROM is required.  
Branching will be allowed from 1 January 2008, or until such earlier 
date that FYROM allows it.  No other 
forms of establishment are allowed until FYROM allows them. 
 A foreign or domestic legal or natural 
person, other than an insurance company or a bank, may not hold more 
than 25% of stocks management rights 
in an insurance company.  This requirement is valid until  
1 January 2008 or until such earlier 
date that FYROM allows higher levels 
of stocks management rights.  
Thereafter, none. 3) None 
   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 20 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Banking and Other Financial Services  
(excluding insurance) (Definitions based  
on the Annex on Financial services)  3) Only a legal person established in 
FYROM may provide banking and 
other financial services.  A foreign bank can provide banking services by 
establishing a bank or subsidiary in 
FYROM.  
 Starting no later than 1 January 2008, 
or such earlier date that FYROM 
allows it, banking services may be provided through branches of foreign 
banks. 
 A bank must be established as joint-
stock company.  
 An individual natural or legal person 
other than a bank may not hold more 
than one third of the stocks with 
management rights of the bank established in FYROM.  This 
requirement is in force until 
1 January 2003.   
  Brokerage houses, closed investment 
funds, fund management companies 
and the Central Depository of Securities are to be established as 
joint-stock companies.   
  Brokerage houses must be established 
by at least two domestic or foreign 
legal or natural persons.  This 
limitation does not apply if the brokerage houses are established by a 
bank, saving house or an insurance 
company.    
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 21
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
  Only brokerage houses, banks, 
insurance companies and fund management companies can be 
founders of the Central Depository of 
Securities.  A single founder cannot hold more than 15% of shares. 
 Foreign legal and natural persons are 
not allowed to establish saving houses and exchange offices. 
   
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other  
repayable funds from the public  1) Unbound 
2) Unbound at present.   None after Phase 
II of the implementation of the 
Agreement on Stabilization and 
Association of FYROM with the EU. 
3) May be provided by banks and saving 
houses only.  Saving houses are 
authorized to provide deposit services 
for natural persons only.   
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None  
 
 3) None 
 
 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Lending of all types, consumer credit, 
mortgage credit, factoring and financing of 
commercial transaction  
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) For banks: None 
 For saving houses:  Granting credits to 
legal persons exceed ing 150% of the 
guaranteed capital of the saving houses 
must be provided only through a bank.   
 For other legal persons: They can grant 
loans to other legal persons only. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 22 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(c) Financial leasing  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) All payment and money transmission services  
  
 1) Unbound 
2) None for current transactions and direct 
investments2. 
3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks only.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Guarantees and commitments  
   1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Trading for own acc ount or for account of 
customers, whether on an exchange, in an 
over-the-counter market or otherwise, the 
following:    
                                                      
2 Direct investments shall denote investments by an investor inte nding to establish lasting economic  relations and/or to exercis e right to run the trading company or any other legal person in which he 
had invested.  The following shall be deemed as direct investments:  
(i) incorporating a trading company or extending the basic capital of a trading company in full ownership of the investor, esta blishing subsidiary, or acquiri ng full ownership of the existing 
company;    
(ii) participation in a new or already existing trading company if  the investor holds or acquires more than 10% share in the ba sic capital of the trading company, exceeding 10% of the voting 
rights;    
(iii) long-term loan with five or more years of maturity, when it is a matter of a loan from the investor intended for the trad ing company which is in his full ownership; and 
(iv) long-term loan with five or more years of maturity, when  it is a matter of a loan intended for establishing lasting econom ic relations if granted among pe rsons associated in mutual 
economic venture.  
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 23
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
- money market instruments (cheques, 
bills, certificate of  deposits, etc.)  
  
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound at present.  None for banks. 
None after Phase I of the 
implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of FYROM with the EU.  None for 
trading with cheques and bills of 
exchange. 
3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and saving houses only. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None  
 
  
 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- foreign exchange3  
   1) Unbound 
2) Unbound. None up to the level 
determined by the Government   
3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and exchange offices only. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
- derivative products (including 
futures and options)  
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound at present. None for banks.  
None after Phase I of the implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of 
FYROM with the EU. 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
  
 
 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                      
3 Covers foreign exchange services supplied by exchange offices to natural persons.  
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 24 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
- exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, such as swaps and forward rate agreements  
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound at present. None for banks. 
None after Phase II of the 
implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of FYROM with the EU. 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None  
 
  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- transferable securities  
 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound at present.  None for direct 
investments.  None for banks, for securities issued by OECD member 
countries and international institutions, 
and for securities with investment rating.  None after Phase I of the 
implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of FYROM with the EU. 
3) Only brokerage houses and banks are 
permitted to offer these types of services.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 
  
 
  
 
  
3) None 
  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- other negotiable instruments and 
financial assets, such as bullion  
 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound at present. None for banks. 
None after Phase I of the 
implementation of the Agreement on Stabilization and Association of 
FYROM with the EU. 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
 
  
 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 25
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(g) Participation in issues of all kinds of securities, 
under-writing and placement  as agent (whether 
publicly or privately) and provision of service 
related to such issues  
 1) Unbound 
2) None, except for placement with 
residents of FYROM. 
3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and brokerage houses only.   
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Money broking4  
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound.  None for banks. 
3) None for banks.  None for legal 
persons for payments in and from a 
foreign country. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Asset management, such as cash or portfolio 
management, all forms of collective investment 
management, custodial depositary and trust services  1) Unbound 
2) Unbound at present.  None for banks 
after 1 January 2008.  None for portfolio management after  
1 January 2008. 
3) None for banks.  None for brokerage 
houses for portfolio management  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) None 
2) None 
  
 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(j) Settlement and cleari ng services for financial 
assets: securities, deriva tive products, and other 
negotiable instruments  
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound at present.  None for banks. 
None after Phase I of the 
implementation of the Agreement on Stabilization and Association of 
FYROM with the EU. 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
 
  
 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                      
4 Covers selling and buying of foreign currency betw een legal persons on the foreign exchange market.  
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 26 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(k) Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary 
financial services: credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and 
advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate 
restructuring and strategy 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Only trading companies, banks, saving 
houses and brokerage houses may 
provide these types of services.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Provision and transfer of financial information, 
and financial data pr ocessing and related 
software  by providers of other financial services  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL 
SERVICES (other than those listed under 
1.A.h-j.) 
 A. Hospital services
  
 (CPC 9311) 
B. Other Human Health Services   
 (CPC 9319 (other than 93191))  
 
1) 2) 3) 4) Unbound   
 
1) 2) 3) 4) Unbound   
 
The reform process is 
ongoing.  FYROM will negotiate taking commitments 
after 1 January 2004. 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED 
SERVICES 
 
A. Hotels and Restaurants (incl. catering)   
 (CPC 641-643) 
  
 
 
1) Unbound 2) None 
3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
 
1) Unbound 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators' Services   
 (CPC 7471) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 27
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
C. Tourist Guides Services    
 (CPC 7472)  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound  
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND 
SPORTING SERVICES (Other than audiovisual services) 
 
A.    Other entertainment and cultural services
 
 - Cinema Theatre Operation Services 
 (part of CPC 96199)  
  
 
1) Unbound 2) None 
3) None, except for access to subsidies: 
Unbound 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
Horizontal section  
  
 
1) Unbound 2) Unbound 
3) None 
 
4) None  
B. News agency services  
 (CPC 962) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Sporting and other recreational services  
(CPC 964) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
 
C. Air Transport Services   
(d) Aircraft repair and maintenance services  
  
 
 
1) Unbound  2) None 
3) None 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
 
1) Unbound 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 28 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(e) Supporting services for air transport 
 - Selling and marketing of air transport services 
only 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None  
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 Computer Reservation System (CRS) services 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
E. Rail Transport Services  
(d) Maintenance and repair of rail transport  
equipment  
 (CPC 8868)  
1)  Unbound 
2) None 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Road Transport Services   
(a) Passenger transportation  
 (CPC 71213, 7122) 
(b)  Freight transportation  (CPC 7123) 
(c) Rental of commercial vehicles with  
operator (CPC 7124) 
(d) Maintenance and repair of road transport  
equipment 
 (CPC 6112)  
1) Unbound  
2) None 
3) None  4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
G. Pipeline Transport  
(a) Transportation of fuels  
 (CPC 7131)        
(b)  Transportation of other goods  
(CPC 7139)  
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the  
Horizontal Section  
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in  
the Horizontal Section   
  GATS/SC/138
 Page 29
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
H. Services Auxiliary to all Modes of Transport  
Air Transport   (b) Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services  (CPC 748)  
  
1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
  
1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Road Transport  
(b)  Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) (c) Freight transport agency services 
 (CPC 748)  
1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None  
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Rail Transport Services 
(b)  Storage and warehouse services  
  (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services  (CPC 748) 
  
1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  GATS/SC/138 
Page 30  
 
  REFERENCE PAPER
 
 Scope
 
  The following are definitions and principl es on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services.   
 Definitions
 
 Users
 mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
 
Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunica tions transport network or service that 
  (a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;  
and 
 
 (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technica lly substituted in order to provide a service. 
 A major supplier
 is a supplier which has the ability to materia lly affect the terms of participation (having 
regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a result of: 
 
 (a) control over essential facilities;  or 
  (b) use of its position in the market.  1. Competitive safeguards
 
 
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications  
 
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of pr eventing suppliers who, alone or 
together, are a major supplier  from engaging in or continui ng anti-competitive practices. 
 
1.2 Safeguards  
  The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:   (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;   
 
 (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and   (c) not making available to other services s uppliers on a timely basis technical information 
about essential faciliti es and commercially relevant info rmation which are necessary for 
them to provide services.  
 
2. Interconnection
 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public teleco mmunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and  to access services  provided by another supplier, where specific commitments are 
undertaken.   GATS/SC/138 
 Page 31 
 
 
  2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
  Interconnection with a major suppl ier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interc onnection is provided. 
 
 (a) under non-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including tec hnical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, co nditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and suffi ciently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for 
network components or fa cilities that it does not require for the service to be provided;  
and 
 
 (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
 2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnec tion to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available.  2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly availa ble either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.  2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
 
 
 A service supplier requesting in terconnection with a major supplie r will have recourse, either: 
  (a) at any time or   (b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, whic h may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 
5 below, to resolve disputes regarding a ppropriate terms, condi tions and rates for 
interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not been established previously. 
 3. Universal service
 
 
 Any Member has the right to define the kind  of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are 
administered in a tr ansparent, non-discriminatory and compet itively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.      
 GATS/SC/138 
Page 32  
 
  4. Public availability of licensing criteria
 
  Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:   (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally requi red to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence  and 
  (b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.   The reasons for the denial of a licence w ill be made known to the applicant upon request. 
 
5. Independent regulators
 
  The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regul ators shall be impartial 
with respect to all market participants. 
  6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
  Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carr ied out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner. The current st ate of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly availa ble, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government us es is not required. 
  
__________