WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONS/DCS/W/JPN
24 January 2003
(03-0472)
Trade in Services Original:  English
JAPAN
Draft consolidated Schedule of Specific Commitments1
Attached is a draft consolidated version of the Schedule of Specific Commitments of Japan in
word format.  This document  does not substitute for the legally binding commitments undertaken by
Japan in its Schedule of Specific Commitments (GATS/SC/46; GATS/SC/46/Suppl.2;
GATS/SC/46/Suppl.3)
The draft consolidated version of the Schedule wa s prepared by the Secretariat, at the request
of Members, to facilitate the process of negotiations, including the presentation of initial offers.
_______________
                                                     
1 This document has been prepared, in English only, under the Secretariat's own responsibility and without
prejudice to the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 2
Note for transparency
(i) Alphabets and numbers indicated in each sector-spe cific commitments are reference to Services Sectoral
Classification List (GATT Secretariat's Documents MTN.GNS/W/120, dated 10 July 1991) and
Provisional Central Product Classification (Statistical Papers Series M No. 77, Department of
International Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office of the United Nations, New York, 1991).These alphabetical and numerical divisions are indicated to enhance the clarity in the description ofspecific commitments, but shall not be construed as being a part of the specific commitments.
(ii) The modes of supply 1), 2), 3) and 4) indicated in this schedule of specific commitments correspond
respectively to the supply of services defined under paragraph 2.a), b), c) and d) of Article I of this
Agreement.
_______________S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 3JAPAN – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED
IN THIS SCHEDULE
4) Unbound except for measures concerning the
entry and temporary stay of a natural personwho falls in one of the following categories:3) Unbound for research and development
subsidies
4) Unbound except for measures concerning the
categories of natural persons referred to in themarket access column
(a) A natural person who has been employed 
by a juridical person of a Member other than Japan for a period of not less than one year immediately preceding the date of his application for the entry and 
temporary stay in Japan, and who is being
transferred, for a period not exceeding 5 years, to a branch office or a juridical person constituted or registered in Japan owned or controlled by the aforementioned juridical person of a 
Member other than Japan, provided that 
he will be engaged in one of the followingactivities:Unbound for research and development
subsidies
(i) Activities to direct a branch office as its 
head;
(ii) Activities to direct a juridical person as its
board member or auditor;
(iii) Activities to direct one or more 
departments or a juridical person;S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 4Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(iv) Activities which require technology 
and/or knowledge at an advanced level pertinent to physical sciences, engineeringor other natural sciences;  and
(v) Activities which require knowledge at an 
advanced level pertinent to jurisprudence, economics, business management, 
accounting or other humanities sciences.
(b) A natural person who has been employed 
by a juridical person of a Member other than Japan or has been a partner in it for a
period not less than one year immediately 
preceding the date of his application for the entry and temporary stay in Japan, andwho is being transferred to Japan, for a period not exceeding 5 years and who willreturn to the aforementioned juridical 
person of a Member other than Japan 
upon the expiration of the said period, provided that he will be engaged in one ofthe following activities of professional services which may be engaged only as a natural person and not as an employee:
(i) Legal services supplied by a lawyer 
qualified as "Bengoshi" under Japanese law;
(ii) Consultancy on law of jurisdiction where 
the service supplier is a qualified lawyer;S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 5Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(iii) Legal services supplied by a patent 
attorney qualified as "Benrishi" under Japanese law;
(iv) Legal services supplied by a maritime 
procedure agent qualified as 
"Kaijidairishi" under Japanese law;
(v) Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping  
services supplied by  an accountant qualified as "Koninkaikeishi" under 
Japanese law;  and
(vi) Taxation services supplied by a tax 
accountant qualified as "Zeirishi" under Japanese law.
(c) A natural person who stays in Japan for a 
time period not exceeding 90 days 
without acquiring remuneration from 
within Japan and without engaging in making direct sales to the general public or in supplying services himself, for the purposes of participating in business contacts including negotiations for the 
sale of services and/or other similar 
activities including those to prepare for establishing commercial presence in Japan.
Activities which require technology orknowledge at an advanced level pertinent tonatural or humanities sciences referred to in(a) (iv) and (v) mean: activities in which thenatural person may not be able to engagewithout the application of specialized
technology or knowledge of natural or
humanities sciences acquired by him, inprinciple, by completing college education(i.e. bachelor's degree) or higher education.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 6Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional Services
(a) Legal services supplied by
a lawyer qualified as
"Bengoshi" under Japanese
law (861)1) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
Commercial presence is required.
2) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
Commercial presence is required.
3) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
Commercial presence is  required.1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(a) Consultancy on law of
jurisdiction where theservice supplier is a
qualified lawyer
(i) Consultancy on law 
does not include
:1) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
Commercial presence is required.
2) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
Commercial presence is required.
3) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSCommercial presence is  required.1) A service supplier is required to stay in Japan
not less than 180 days in a year.
2) A service supplier is required to stay in Japan
not less than 180 days in a year.
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSA service supplier is required to stay in Japan
not less than 180 days in a year.3) (i) Practice of 
international law is permitted, 
provided that the 
international law is or was in force in the jurisdiction.Practice of third country law and 
Japanese law is 
not permitted.
(a) legal representation for
juridical procedures in courts and other gove
rnment agencies as 
well as preparation of legal documents for such procedures;(ii) Association with 
Bengoshi is 
permitted.  
Employment of Bengoshi is not permitted.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 7Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) expression of legal 
opinions concerning laws other than laws ofthe jurisdiction where the service supplier is qualified as a lawyer 
(hereinafter referred to 
as the "jurisdiction" in this sector);
(c) legal representation for
the entrustment of the 
preparation of notarial 
deeds;  and
(d) those activities 
concerning a legal casewhose primary objective is the 
acquisition or loss or 
change of rights concerning real property in Japan or of industrial property rights, mining rights or 
other rights arising 
upon registration thereof with government agencies in Japan,(iii) Use of firm name 
is unrestricted, provided that it is followed with reference to “Gaikoku-Ho-
Jimu-Bengoshi 
Jimusho”.
(iv) Representation in 
arbitration is 
permitted, 
provided that the applicable law in the arbitration is the law which the service supplier is
qualified to 
practice in Japan.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 8Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(ii) A service supplier shall
be required to cooperate with Bengoshi or to ask for his advice in a legal case concerning family
relations or inheritance,
in which a Japanese national is involved as a party, or in a legal case whose objective is
the acquisition or loss 
or change of rights concerning real property in Japan or of industrial property rights, mining rights or 
other rights arising 
upon registration thereof with government agencies in Japan, as long as the above objective is not 
the primary one.
Note for transparency
A service supplier must be recognized as "Gaikoku-Ho-Jimu-Bengoshi" by the Minister of Justice and register with the Japan Fede ration of Bar Associations.
The conditions for granting recognition by the Minister of Justice are as follows:
(i) The service supplier is qualified as a lawyer in the jurisdiction.
(ii) The service supplier has engaged himself as a lawyer for at least 5 years in the jurisdiction.(iii) The service supplier is not subject to such conditions of disqualification in the jurisdiction which, if applied to Bengos hi, would disqualify the Bengoshi.
(iv) The service supplier possesses the intention to undertake the profession in good faith.
(v) The service supplier possesses plans, residence and financial basis to perform his functions properly and steadily.
(vi) The service supplier possesses capability to compensate for damages caused to the client, if any.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 9Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(a) Legal services supplied by
a patent attorney qualifiedas "Benrishi" underJapanese law (86119, 8612,8613, 8619)1) Services must be supplied by a natural person
Commercial presence is required
2) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
Commercial presence is required.
3) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSCommercial presence is required1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(a) Legal services supplied by
a maritime procedure agent
qualified as "Kaijidairishi"
under Japanese law1) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
2) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
3) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(b) Accounting, auditing and
bookkeeping services
supplied by an accountantqualified as"Koninkaikeishi" underJapanese law(CPC 862)1) Services must be supplied by a natural person
or by an Audit Corporation
1.
Commercial presence is required for an AuditCorporation.
2) Services must be supplied by a natural person
or by an Audit Corporation.Commercial presence is required for an Audit
Corporation1) None
2) None
3) Services must be supplied by a natural person
or by an Audit Corporation.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
1Audit Corporation under Japanese law is composed of five or more partners who are accountants qualified as "Koninkaikeishi" und er Japanese law and have the right
and obligation to execute activities of the Audit Corporation.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 10Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(c) Taxation services supplied
by a tax accountantqualified as "Zeirishi"under Japanese law(CPC 863)1) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
Commercial presence is required
2) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
Commercial presence is required.
3) Services must be supplied by a natural person.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTSCommercial presence is required.1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL 
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(d),(e) Architectural services 
A supplied by a service
supplier qualified as 
"Kenchikushi" under Japanese law, or by a service supplier using "Kenchikushi"1) Commercial presence is required.
2) Commercial presence is required.
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
Architectural services Acovers services which mustbe supplied by a servicesupplier qualified as"Kenchikushi" underJapanese law, or by a
service supplier using
"Kenchikushi".(CPC 86712, 86713,86714
2) (CPC 86722,
86723, 867242, 867252,
867272)
                                                     
2 Limited to services necessary for building construction excluding post construction services.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 11Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(d),(e) Architectural services 
B supplied by a servicesupplier qualified as "Kenchikushi" under Japanese law, or by a service supplier using 
"Kenchikushi1) Commercial presence is required
3.
2) Commercial presence is required3.
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
Architectural services Bcovers services which maybe supplied by a servicesupplier unqualified as
"Kenchikushi" under
Japanese law, or by aservice supplier not using"Kenchikushi" (includingbusiness related to contractsof construction works for
buildings, supervising
construction works forbuildings, inspection andevaluation of buildings, andrepresentation ofprocedures based on laws,
regulations or ordinances
concerning constructionworks for buildings).
(d),(e), Architectural services
(g) other than architectural
services A and B(CPC 86711
4, 867144, 
867194) (CPC 867214) 
(CPC 867424)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
3 In case Architectural services B is supplied by a service supplier unqualified as "Kenchikushi" under Japanese law, or by a se rvice supplier not using "Kenchikushi",
commercial presence is not required.
4  Limited to services necessary for building construction.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 12Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(e),(f) Engineering services 
and integrated engineering services (excluding services related to petroleum, petroleum products, 
gas and mineral)
(CPC 8672
5)
(CPC 86735)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(e), (g), F.(e), F.(m)
Civil engineering
consulting services
(CPC 867216, 867246,
867276, 867296)
(CPC 86741, 867426)
(CPC 867616)
(867516,  867526)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
B. Computer and Related
Services
(excluding services of airtransport computer
reservation system)
(CPC 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 849)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
5 Excluding architectural services and civil engineering consulting services.
6 Limited to services necessary for civil engineering excluding engineering design services for buildings.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 13Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
C. Research and Development
Services
(b) Research and development
services on social sciencesand humanities(CPC 852)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
D. Real Estate Services
(a) Real estate services
involving own or leased
property (for the property
in Japan)(CPC 821)1) Commercial presence is required.
2) Commercial presence is required.
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(a) Real estate services
involving own or leased
property (for the propertyoutside Japan)(CPC 821)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(b) Real estate services on a fee
or contract basis (for theproperty in Japan)(CPC 822)1) Commercial presence is required.
2) Commercial presence is required.3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 14Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) Real estate services on a fee
or contract basis (for theproperty outside Japan)(CPC 822)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
E. Rental and Leasing
Services without
Operators
(c) Rental and leasing services,
without operators, relatedto transport equipment
other than vessels and
aircrafts(CPC 83101, 83102,83105)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(d),(e) Rental and leasing
services, without 
operators, related to 
machineries and equipment other than transport equipment(CPC 83106-83109)(CPC 832)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 15Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
F. Other Business Services
(a) Advertising services
(CPC 871)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(b) Market research and public
opinion polling services(CPC 864)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(c) Management consulting
services(CPC 865)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 16Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(d) Services related to
management consulting(CPC 86601, 86609)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(k) Placement services of
personnel within Japan inthe following twenty nineoccupations (limited to
services to establish
employment relationshipbetween a job applicant andan employer seekingpersonnel on the basis ofjob applications and offers):1) Unbound
2) Unbound
∗
3) The number of licences conferred to service
suppliers may be limited.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound
2) Unbound*3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 17Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(i) fine artist,
(ii) entertainer,(iii) scientific 
technician,
(iv) physician,(v) dentist,
(vi) pharmacist,
(vii) midwife,(viii) nurse,(ix) medical 
technician,
(x) dental 
technician,
(xi) dress 
designer,
(xii) audiovisual 
and theatrical technician,
(xiii) lawyer,
(xiv) certified 
public accountant,
(xv) patent 
attorney,
(xvi) business 
manager,S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 18Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(xvii) fresh cake 
making technician,
(xviii) house-keeper,(xix) barber,(xx) hairdresser,
(xxi) Japanese-
kimono dresser,
(xxii) attendant for 
services at 
table,
(xxiii) model,
(xxiv) cook,(xxv) bartender,(xxvi) laundry 
technician,
(xxvii) interpreter,
(xxviii) floor sales 
person, and
(xxix) sightseeing 
bus tour conductor
(CPC 87201, 87202)S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 19Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(k) Supply services of
personnel within Japan7 in
the following sixteencategories of business(limited to services todispatch workers employed
by the service supplier to
work under the direction ofanother person whileemployment relationshipwith the service supplier is
maintained):1) Unbound
2) Unbound
∗
3) The number of licences conferred to service
suppliers may be limited.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound
2) Unbound*3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(i) Designing or 
maintenance of a system run by computer, or designing, developing or maintenance of a 
computer program;
(ii) Designing or drafting 
of machinery, devices or instruments (hereinafter referred to as "machineries") or 
equipment consisting 
of machineries;
(iii) Operating machinery 
for picture recording, sound recording, etc., 
used in the production 
of broadcasting programs;
(iv) Directing production of
broadcasting programs;
                                                     
7  (Note for transparency) The dispatched worker may not be supplied from outside of Japan through intra-corporate transfer.
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 20Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(v) Operating computers, 
typewriters, telex or other similar office machinery;
vi) Interpretation, 
translation or 
shorthand;
(vii)Secretarial work for a 
representative or other person in similar managerial position of a juridical person;
(viii) Classifying or filing 
documents, magnetic tapes, etc., which requires advanced expertise, technique or experience;
(ix) Research of market, 
etc. or arrangement or analysis of the result ofsuch research in order to obtain basic data necessary for the 
development of new 
products, or the preparation of sales plans, etc.;
(x) Preparation of balance 
sheets, statements of 
profits and loss, and other financial documents, or other work handling financial affairs;S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 21Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(xi) Preparation of 
documents concerning international trade or other external transactions, or of written contracts, 
receipt notes, bills of 
lading or other similar documents concerning domestic transactions;
(xii)Introduction and 
explanation of the 
capacity and operation,
etc., of computers, carsand other machinery which require advanced expertise, technique or 
experience in order to 
operate appropriately;S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 22Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(xiii) Administering 
itineraries for tourists, by accompanying them, offering services incidental to such administering work for 
the convenience of 
tourists (excluding attendant services provided inside vehicles, vessels or 
aircrafts), or 
welcoming and sending off tourists in the buildings which areused for boarding and alighting or waiting by 
passengers and are 
installed at the stations or platforms of vehicles, vessels and aircrafts;
(xiv)Cleaning of 
buildings;S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 23Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(xv)Operation, inspection, 
or maintenance of the facilities for electricity,gas, water supply, drainage, ventilation, heating, air 
conditioning, fire 
extinguishing, discharge of smoke or sanitation, and chimneys, elevators or 
lightning rods, installed
in the building (hereinafter referred to as "building facilities");  and
(xvi) Reception of visitors 
or providing guidance 
to them in buildings or 
exposition sites, or attending a parking lot attached to those buildings, and maintenance and 
management of the 
facilities (excluding building facilities) installed in buildings for the purpose of 
offering convenience 
for visitors, workers or residents of the buildings, in order to facilitate efficient utilization of the 
buildings.
(CPC 87203, 87209)S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 24Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(m) Related scientific and
technical consultingservices (excluding servicesrelated to petroleum,petroleum products, gas,mineral, and surveying)
(CPC 86751, 86752)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(m) Surveying services for the
land in Japan(CPC 86753, 86754)1) Commercial presence is required except for
the surveying conducted by not using BasicSurvey
8 data or Public Survey9 data, and the
surveying for small areas or the surveying notrequiring high accuracy.1) None
2) Commercial presence is required except for
the surveying conducted by not using BasicSurvey data or Public Survey data, and thesurveying for small areas or the surveying notrequiring high accuracy.2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(m) Surveying services for the
land outside Japan
(CPC 86753, 86754)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
8  Basic Survey is a primary or fundamental survey, conducted by the Geographical Survey Institute of the Ministry of Constructi on, for all surveys.
9  Public Survey is a survey, other than Basic Survey, which does not include the surveying for small areas and the surveying no t requiring high accuracy, conducted
under the expenses partially or in full of, or under the subsidization of the Government or other public entities.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 25Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(n) Maintenance and repair
services of equipment(excluding vessels, aircraftsand other transportequipment)(CPC 633, 8861-8866)1) Unbound
∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(o) Building-cleaning services
(CPC 87401, 87402, 87403,
87409)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(p) Photographic services
(CPC 875)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(q) Packaging services
(CPC 876)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 26Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(r) Printing and publishing
services(CPC 88442)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(s) Convention services
(CPC 87909)1) Unbound∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(t) Translation and
interpretation services
(CPC 87905)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(t) Speciality design services
(CPC 87907)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 27Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
C. Telecommunications
Services
The following basic
telecommunications
services supplied by Type Ior Type IITelecommunicationsBusiness :1) None
2) None1) None
2) NoneJapan undertakes the
obligations contained 
in the reference paperattached hereto.
(a) Voice telephone services
(CPC 7521)
(b) Packet-switched data
transmission services
(CPC 7523)3) Foreign capital participation, direct and/or
indirect, in NTT and KDD must be less thanone-fifth.3) Board members and auditors in NTT and KDD
are required to have Japanese nationality.As indicated in HORIZONTALCOMMITMENTS
(c) Circuit-switched data
transmission services(CPC 7523)
(d) Telex services
(CPC 7523)
(f) Facsimile services
(CPC 7521, 7529)
(g) Private leased circuit
services (CPC 7522, 7523)
(o) Other4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 28Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Type I
TelecommunicationsBusiness is the businesswhich providestelecommunicationsservices by establishing
telecommunications circuit
facilities.
Type II
Telecommunications
Business is any
telecommunicationsbusiness other than Type ITelecommunicationsBusiness
Telecommunications circuit
facilities are transmission
line facilities connectingtransmitting points withreceiving points, switchingfacilities installed asinseparable units therefrom,
and other facilities
accessory to such facilities.
Value-added servicessupplied by Type IItelecommunications
business including:
(h) Electronic mail services;
(CPC 7523)
(i) Voice mail services; (CPC
7521)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 29Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(j) n-line information and data
base retrieval services;(CPC 7523)
(k) Electronic data interchange
(EDI) services;
(CPC 7523)
(l) Enhanced facsimile
services;(CPC 7529)
(m) Code and protocol
conversion services;  and(CPC 7523)
(n) On-line information and/or
data processing services.
(CPC 843)
Specific commitments in
the sectors ofTelecommunicationsServices do not include
voice transmission services
supplied through the use ofdomestic leased circuitsinterconnected with publicswitched networks.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 30Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Type II
Telecommunicationsbusiness is anytelecommunicationsbusiness other than Type Itelecommunications
business. Type I
telecommunicationsbusiness is any businesswhich suppliestelecommunications
services by establishing
telecommunications circuitfacilities.Telecommunications circuitfacilities are transmissionline facilities connecting
transmitting points with
receiving points, switchingfacilities installed asinseparable units therefrom,and other facilitiesaccessory to such facilities.
D. Audiovisual Services
(a) Motion picture and video
tape production anddistribution services
(CPC 9611)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 31Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) Motion picture projection
services(CPC 9612)1) Unbound
∗
2) None
3) None1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(e) Sound recording services 1)  None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
OMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
3. CONSTRUCTION AND
RELATED
ENGINEERINGSERVICES(excluding services relatedto mining)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
A. General Construction
Services for Buildings
(CPC 512)
B. General Construction
Services for Civil
Engineering
(CPC 513)
C. Installation and Assembly
Services
(CPC 514, 516)
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 32Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
D. Building Completion and
Finishing Services
(CPC 517)
E. Other
(CPC 511, 515, 518)
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES
A. Commission Agents'
Services
(CPC 621, 61111, 61130,61210)
B. Wholesale Trade Services
(CPC 622, 61111, 
61130, 61210)
C. Retailing Services
(CPC 631, 632, 61112,
61130, 61210)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 33Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
D. Franchising Services
(CPC 8929)
Specific commitments in
the sectors of DistributionServices do not include
services related to
petroleum, petroleumproducts, rice, tobacco, salt,alcoholic beverages, andthose supplied at Public
Wholesale Market.  Public
Wholesale Market is amarket established undernational or localgovernment approval forcommission agents'
services and wholesale
trade services of fresh foods including vegetables, fruits, marine products, meats and other daily foods, and flowers, with 
auction or bidding hall, 
parking lot and other facilities necessary for tradeand disposal of above goods, which is operated ona permanent basis.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 34Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
5. EDUCATIONAL
SERVICES
The following EducationalServices supplied byFormal EducationInstitutions established in
Japan (Formal Education
Institutions are elementaryschools, lower secondaryschools, upper secondaryschools, universities,
technical colleges, schools
for the blind, schools forthe deaf, schools for thehandicapped andkindergartens.):1) Unbound
∗
2) Unbound*
3) Formal Education Institutions must be
established by school juridical persons.10
4) Unbound1) Unbound*
2) Unbound*3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound
A. Primary Educational
Services;
(CPC 9211, 9219)
B. Secondary Educational
Services;  and
(CPC 9221, 9222, 
9223)
C. Higher Educational
Services.
(CPC 9231, 9239)
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.
10 A school juridical person is a non-profit juridical person established for the purpose of supplying educational services under  Japanese law.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 35Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
D. Adult Educational Services
Foreign language tuition
services for adults(excluding servicessupplied by Formal
Education Institutions
established in Japan.Formal EducationInstitutions are elementaryschools, lower secondary
schools, upper secondary
schools, universities,technical colleges, schoolsfor the blind, schools forthe deaf, schools for thehandicapped, kindergartens,
special training colleges
and miscellaneous schools.)(92400)1) None
2) None
3) None
3) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 36Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
A. Sewage Services
(CPC 9401)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
B. Refuse Disposal Services
(CPC 9402)1) Unbound∗
2) None
3) The number of licences conferred to service
suppliers of waste oil disposal at sea from
vessels may be limited.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
C. Sanitation and Similar
Services
(CPC 9403)1) Unbound∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
*Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.
*Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 37Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
D. Other
Cleaning services of
exhaust gases(CPC 9404)
Noise abatement services
(CPC 9405)
Nature and landscape
protection services
(CPC 9406)
Other environmental
protection services(CPC 9409)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
In addition to Part III of this Agreement and the Annex on Fina ncial Services, Japan undertakes its specific commitments with r espect to Financial Services under this
Agreement in accordance with the Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services (hereinafter referred to as the "Understand ing", attached to this schedule,
which forms an integral part of this schedule).  Thus, the obligations under the Understanding are incurred in the sectors of F inancial Services additionally to those
covered by the provisions of Part III of this Agreement and the Annex on Financial Services.
For prudential reasons within the context of paragraph 2(a) of the Annex on Financial Services, Japan shall not be prevented fr om taking measures such as non-
discriminatory limitations on juridical forms of a commercial presence.  For the same reasons, Japan shall not be prevented fro m applying non-discriminatory
limitations concerning admission to the market of new financial services which shall be consistent with regulatory framework ai med at achieving such prudential
objectives.  In this context, securities firms are allowed to deal  in securities defined in the relevant Japanese law, and bank s are not allowed to deal in those securities
unless allowed in accordance with the said law.
With respect to specific commitments in the sectors of Financial Services, services supplied in the territory of a Member other  than Japan to the service consumer in
Japan without any active marketing from the service supplier are co nsidered as services supplied under paragraph 2(b) of Articl e I of this Agreement.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 38Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
A. Insurance and Insurance-
Related ServicesSpecific commitments in the market access
column with respect to the supply of a serviceas prescribed in paragraphs 2(a) and (b) ofArticle I of this Agreement are unboundexcept for obligations under paragraphs 3 and
4 of the Understanding respectively which are
incurred in this sector additionally to thosecovered by the provisions of Part III of thisAgreement and the Annex on FinancialServices, subject to conditions and
qualifications set out below.Japan undertakes the
ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS attached hereto
1) Commercial presence is in principle required
for insurance contracts on the following itemsand any liability arising therefrom:
(a) goods being transported within Japan;
(b) ships of Japanese registration which are 
not used for international maritime transport.
60 per cent of amounts of reinsurance on the
compulsory automobile third party liability
insurance is subject to the compulsory
coverage by the Government.
Insurance services are not allowed to be
supplied through an intermediary in Japan.1) NoneS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 39Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
2) Commercial presence is in principle required
for insurance contracts on the following itemsand any liability arising therefrom:
(a) goods being transported within Japan;
(b) ships of Japanese registration which are 
not used for international maritime transport.
60 per cent of amounts of reinsurance on the
compulsory automobile third party liability
insurance is subject to the compulsorycoverage by the Government.
Insurance services are not allowed to be
supplied through an intermediary in Japan.2) None
3) 60 per cent of amounts of reinsurance on the
compulsory automobile third party liability
insurance is subject to the compulsorycoverage by the Government.
Insurance intermediation services are not
allowed to be supplied for insurance contracts
made by an insurance service supplier who is
not licensed in Japan.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 40Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
B. Banking and Other
Financial Services
(excluding Insurance and
Insurance-Related Services)Specific commitments in the market access
column with respect to the supply of a serviceas prescribed in paragraphs 2(a) and (b) ofArticle I of this Agreement are unboundexcept for obligations under paragraphs 3 and4 of the Understanding respectively which are
incurred in this sector additionally to those
covered by the provisions of Part III of thisAgreement and the Annex on FinancialServices subject to conditions andqualifications set out below.Japan undertakes the
ADDITIONALCOMMITMENTSattached hereto
1) Commercial presence is required for
discretionary investment managementservices.
2) "None" after April 1998.
Before April 1998, supply of services issubject to all the following limitations:1) None
2) None
Overseas deposits and trust contracts
denominated in foreign currencies, the sum ofwhich are over 200 million yen value, andthose denominated in yen are subject toapproval.  Business corporations which satisfythe standards of in-house systems relating to
legal affairs, risk management and financial
management set out by the Ministry ofFinance may be given an approval effectivefor an indefinite period of time with respect tooverseas deposits denominated in foreign
currencies over 200 million yen value for the
purpose of portfolio investment subject onlyto ex post  reporting.
The following capital transaction services may
be supplied through authorized foreignexchange banks in Japan, or otherwise are in
principle subject to approval:S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 41Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(a) Trade in:
(i) payment instruments such as cheques and 
bills;
(ii) foreign exchange; and
(iii) derivative products which involve 
outright foreign exchange transactions such as currency spot options.
Business corporations are exempted from
obtaining approval and may invest in all
securities derivative products listed onoverseas exchanges for their own accountsubject only to ex post  reporting.
Business corporations which satisfy the
standards of in-house systems relating to legal
affairs, risk management and financial
management set out by the Ministry ofFinance are exempted from obtaining approvaland may invest in financial futures and optionslisted on overseas exchanges for their ownaccount subject only to ex post  reporting.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 42Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) Special methods of settlement such as 
offsetting and any method whereby a resident either makes payment for the non-resident concerned to another resident or receives payment made by another resident for the non-resident 
concerned.
(c) Swaps
3) Commercial presence for investment trust
management services must be juridical personestablished in Japan.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS3) The desposit insurance system does not cover
deposits taken by branches of foreign banksAs indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS3) With respect to the
assets of Employees’Pension Funds
qualified by the
Minister of Health andWelfare to bemanaged bydiscretionaryinvestment
management service
suppliers, Japan nolonger employs theclassification of New
Money
∗ and assets
other than NewMoney.
                                                     
∗ New Money is an asset mainly consisting of accumulation of premiums collected by Employees’ Pension Funds after the day when su ch Funds are qualified by the Minister of Health
and Welfare as appropriate for expanding their means of asset management to include discretionary investment management service s.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 43Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
8. HEALTH RELATED AND
SOCIAL SERVICES
A. Hospital Services
(CPC 9311)1) Unbound∗
2) None
3) Unbound except that there is no limitation on
the participation of foreign capital
4) Unbound1) Unbound*
2) None3) Unbound except that there is no limitation on
the participation of foreign capital
As indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL
RELATED SERVICES
A. Hotels and Restaurants
Services
(excluding cateringservices)(CPC 6411, 6412, 64194,6421, 6422, 6431, 6432)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
Catering services(CPC 6423)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
B. Travel Agencies and Tour
Operators Services
(CPC 7471)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 44Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
C. Tourist Guides Services
(CPC 7472)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
10 RECREATIONAL,
CULTURAL ANDSPORTING SERVICES
A. Entertainment Services
(including theatre, livebands and circus services)(CPC 9619)1) Unbound
∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
B. News Agency Services
(CPC 962)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
C. Libraries and Archives
Services
(CPC 96311, 
96312)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 45Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
D. Sporting and other
Recreational Services
Sporting services
(CPC 9641)
Recreation parks and beach
services
(CPC 96491)1) Unbound∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound∗
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES
A. Maritime Transport
Services
(a),(b) International maritime 
transport services (including services of passenger transportation and 
freight transportation)
(CPC 7211, 7212)1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) Unbound4) Unbound1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) Unbound4) UnboundThe following services will
be made available tointernational maritimetransport suppliers onreasonable and non-
discriminatory terms and
conditions:
(i) pilotage services;
(ii) pushing and towing
services;
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibilityS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 46Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Specific commitments in
the sector of MaritimeTransport Services do notinclude "cabotageservices",  which covertransportation of passengers
or goods between a port
located in Japan andanother port located inJapan and traffic withpassengers aboard
originating and terminating
in the same port located inJapan.(iii) provisioning, fuelling
and watering services;
(iv) garbage collecting and
refuse disposalservices;
(v) port captain's services;
(vi) navigation aids
services;
(vii) shore based
operational servicesessential to ship
operations, including
communications,water and electricalsupplies;
(viii) emergency repair
services;  and
(ix) anchorage, berths and
berthing services.
A. Maritime Auxiliary
Transport Services
(e) Pushing and towing
services
(CPC 7214)1) Unbound∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(f) Maritime agency services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 47Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(f) Salvaging and refloating
services, watering services,fuelling services, garbagecollecting services(CPC 7454, 7459)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
Specific commitments inthe sectors of MaritimeAuxiliary TransportServices do not include"cabotage services", which
cover transportation of
passengers or goodsbetween a port located inJapan and another portlocated in Japan and trafficwith passengers aboard
originating and terminating
in the same port located inJapan.
B. Internal Waterways
Transport ServicesS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 48Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(e) Pushing and towing
services(CPC 7224)1) Unbound
∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(f) Salvaging and refloating
services, watering services,
fuelling services, garbagecollecting services(CPC 7454, 7459)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
Specific commitments in
the sectors of Internal
Waterways TransportServices do not include"cabotage services", whichcover transportation ofpassengers or goods
between a port located in
Japan and another portlocated in Japan and trafficwith passengers aboardoriginating and terminating
in the same port located in
Japan.
C. Air Transport Services
(d) Aircraft repair and
maintenance services
defined in paragraph 6.a) of
Annex on Air TransportServices1) Unbound
∗
2) None
3) The number of licences conferred to service
suppliers may be limited.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 49Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(e) Selling and marketing of air
transport services definedin  paragraph 6.b) of Annexon Air Transport Services1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(e) Computer reservation
system (CRS) servicesdefined in paragraph 6.c) ofAnnex on Air TransportServices1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
E. Rail Transport Services
(d) Maintenance and repair
services of rail transportequipment
(CPC 8868)1) Unbound
∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
Rental services of railwaytransport equipment withoperators1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
________________________
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 50Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
F. Road Transport Services
(b) Freight transport services
(CPC 7123)1) Unbound*
2) None3) Emergency safeguard measures concerning
the limitations on the number of servicesuppliers and on the number of service
operations or on the quantity of service output
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(d) Maintenance and repair
services of road transport
equipment(CPC 6112, 8867)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTSS/DCS/W/JPN
Page 51Mode of Supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
G. Pipeline Transport Services
(b) Transport services of goods
other than fuels(CPC 7139)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) None
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
H. Services Auxiliary to All
Modes of Transport
(b) Storage and warehouse
services (excluding servicesrelated to petroleum andpetroleum products)(CPC 742)1) Unbound
∗
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) None3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
(d) Customs clearance agent
services in Japan1) Unbound*
2) Unbound*3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in
HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1) Unbound*
2) Unbound*3) None except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
4) Unbound except as indicated in HORIZONTAL
COMMITMENTS
                                                     
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 52
REFERENCE PAPER
Scope
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic
telecommunications services.
Definitions
Users mean service consumers and service suppliers.
Essential facilities mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service that
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;
and
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a 
service.
A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation
(having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a
result of:
(a) control over essential facilities;  or(b) use of its position in the market.
1. Competitive safeguards
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone
or together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.
1.2 Safeguards
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;
(b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical
information about essential facilities and commercially relevant information which
are necessary for them to provide services.
2. Interconnection
2.1 This section applies to linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications transport
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another
supplier and  to access services provided by another supplier, where specific commitments are
undertaken.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 53
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured∗
Interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the
network.  Such interconnection is provided:
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its
subsidiaries or other affiliates;
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard
to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to beprovided;  and
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary
additional facilities.
2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
The procedures applicable for interconnection to a major supplier will be made publicly
available.
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly available either its interconnection
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
A service supplier requesting interconnection with a major supplier will have recourse, either:(a) at any time or
(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known
to an independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 5
below, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate terms, conditions and rates for interconnection within
a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not been established previously.
3. Universal service
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and competitively neutral manner and are not more
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.
                                                     
∗ The section 2.2 is applied only to a major supplier which has control over essential facilities.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 54
4. Public availability of licensing criteria
Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision
concerning an application for a licence and
(b) the terms and conditions of individual licences.The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request.
5. Independent regulators
The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be
impartial with respect to all market participants.
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory
manner.  The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required.
_______________S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 55
JAPAN:  ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS
A. Insurance and Insurance-Related Services
Whenever specific commitments in the additiona l commitments column state that appropriate
authorities will approve an application or will not reject a notification, the application or notification
must meet the applicable legal criteria.  The appropriate authorities will apply the legal criteria in a
fair and transparent manner, and will interpret them  with a view toward allowing insurance service
suppliers to differentiate, on the basis of the risk insured, the rates, forms and distribution of products.
1. Appropriate authorities will approve applications for a direct response system for automobile
insurance, and will approve payment of premiums through the use of credit cards with the policy
effective from the date when the insurance service supplier accepts credit card payment.
A direct response system ("Tsushin-Hanbai") for automobile insurance is defined as a
distribution method whereby insurance service suppliers offer their products to consumers throughadvertising media, such as newspapers and magazines, and through direct mail or telephone calls;
accept applications of consumers delivered via mail or telephone calls;  and enter into contracts with
consumers through an exchange via mail or telephone calls, without meeting the consumers.
2. Effective 1 April 1998, appropriate authorities will expand the scope of the advisory rate
system for loading rates of commercial fire insurance, by lowering the minimum amount per contract
to seven billion yen.
3. Appropriate authorities include the following sixteen products on the list of products to which
the notification system applies with respect to the rates and riders for such products and will allow,within the standard processing period of ninety days, marketing of the products notified to the
appropriate authorities (i.e., will not reject the notifications):  medical malpractice liability insurance
("Ishi Baisho Sekinin Hoken"), advanced loss of machinery profit insurance ("Sogyo Kaishi Chien
Hoken"), delayed start of construction insurance ("Kaigyo Chien Hoken"), civil engineering
completed risks insurance ("Doboku Kozobutsu Hoken"), nuclear energy insurance ("Genshiryoku
Hoken"), umbrella liability insurance ("Kigyo Hokatsu Baisho Sekinin Hoken"), environment liability
insurance ("Kankyo Osen Baisho Sekinin Hoken"), erection insurance ("Kumitate Hoken"), moveablecomprehensive insurance ("Dosan Sogo Hoken"), computer comprehensive insurance ("Kompyuta
Sogo Hoken"), boiler and turbo-set insurance ("Boiler Turbo-set Hoken"), transit insurance ("Unsoh
Hoken"), credit card theft insurance ("Credit Card Tonan Hoken"), general liability insurance
("Baisho Sekinin Hoken"), construction all-risk insurance ("Kensetsu Koji Hoken"), and surety bonds
("Hosho Shoken").
4. (a) By no later than 1 July 1998, appropriate authorities will eliminate obligations for
members of a rating organization to use rates calculated by the rating organization for the
provision of insurance services while allowing members of a rating organization to use, for
the purpose of calculating rates, the statistical data collected by the rating organization.
(b) When the necessary legislative changes are made and their accompanying
administrative measures come into effect to implement subparagraph (a) above, the
appropriate authorities will approve, within the standard processing period of ninety days
after submission, applications allowing all insurance service suppliers to differentiate, on thebasis of the risk insured, the rates, forms and distribution of products, without regard to
whether such applications use statistical rates calculated by the rating organization.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 56
(c) In the interim before the necessary legislative changes are made and their
accompanying administrative measures come into effect, the appropriate authorities will
approve, within the standard processing period of ninety days after submission, applications
for products in major product categories in the life and non-life insurance sectors which
provide for the flexibility to differentiate, on th e basis of the risk insured, the rates, forms and
distribution of products.
(d) Appropriate authorities will approve applications for voluntary automobile insurance
with the flexibility to differentiate, on the ba sis of the risk insured, the rates, forms and
distribution of products, including a direct response system for automobile insurance with
differentiated rates (collectively referred to as "differentiated auto insurance") effective 1
September 1997.  Differentiation on the basis of risk insured includes differentiation of rates
outside the banded rates based on the following risk factors:  age, sex, driving history, usage
(e.g., commerical, personal) and pattern of use (e.g., mileage per year), geography (by region,
i.e., Hokkaido, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Honshu, which will be divided into Tohoku, Kanto-
Koshinetsu, Hokuriku-Tokai, and Kinki-Chugoku),  vehicle type, vehicle safety features, and
multi-car ownership.
5. (a) Appropriate authorities will not permit non-life insurance subsidiaries of life
insurance service suppliers to sell the following personal accident insurance:
(i) personal accident insurance based on a single policy written for and/or
endorsed1 by non-profit inter-industry associations or foundations for
managers of corporations2;
(ii) domestic and overseas travel accident insurance through travel agents;
(iii) personal accident insurance for students marketed through or endorsed1 by
schools (including all levels of schools, and including public and private
schools), or scholastic, student or parent organizations or associations (i.e.,
"Gakusei-Dantai", "Dosokai" and PTA);
(iv) personal accident insurance through direct response methods ("Tsushin-
Hanbai");
(v) group personal accident insurance except when the insurance subsidiaries are
acting as lead managers among co-insurers or solo underwriter, and when the
insurance is sold to a group that has not held in the preceding six months a
policy for the same or a substitutable group personal accident insuranceproduct by small to medium and/or foreign insurance service suppliers;  and
(vi) maturity refund personal accident insurance.
(b) Appropriate authorities will not permit life insurance subsidiaries of non-life
insurance service suppliers to sell stand-alone cancer insurance and stand-alone medical
insurance, and the appropriate authorities will maintain the limit regarding the ratio of rider
benefits to base policy benefits that had existed before the new Insurance Business Law came
into force on 1 April 1996.
                                                     
1 "Endorse" means to recommend ("suisho") and/or back-up ("koen").
2 "Non-profit inter-industry associations or foundations for managers of corporations" means the
"Zenkoku Hojinkai Sorengo", "Kyokuren Hojinkai", "Kenhojinkai Rengokai", "Tan-i Hojinkai", "NozeikyokaiRengokai", "Burokku-kai" and "Nozeikyokai".S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 57
(c) Appropriate authorities will terminate the measures3 to avoid radical change in the
third sector as described in subparagraphs (a) and (b) two and one-half years after the date
when the necessary legislative changes are made and their accompanying administrative
measures come into effect as described in paragraph 4, on condition that all the followingmeasures will have been implemented by that date.  Isolated instances of minor divergence
with respect to the standard processing period of the measures set out in subparagraphs (i),
(iii)(B), or (v) below do not constitute a failure to implement these measures for the purpose
of this paragraph.
(i) the appropriate authorities approve, within the standard processing period of
ninety days, applications for differentiated auto insurance as described insubparagraph 4(d);
(ii) the appropriate authorities have lowered the minimum insured amount per
contract required for application of the advisory rate system for commercial
fire insurance as described in paragraph 2;
(iii) with respect to the notification system, the appropriate authorities:
(A) have put into effect the notification system with respect to the last six
products set out in paragraph 3;  and
(B) allow, within the standard period of ninety days, marketing of the
sixteen products set out in paragraph 3 notified to the appropriate
authorities (i.e., will not reject the notifications);
(iv) the necessary legislative changes are made and their accompanying
administrative measures come into effect to eliminate obligations for
members of a rating organization to use rates calculated by the rating
organization as described in paragraph 4;  and
(v) with respect to applications for differentiated products or rates, the
appropriate authorities approve, within the standard period of ninety days,applications submitted.
In the event that no applications or notifications have been submitted by ninety days before
the above-mentioned date, the measures in subparagraphs (iii)(B) and (v) will be considered to have
been implemented.
6. If an insurance service supplier has submitted documents to appropriate authorities related to
insurance products or rates, which the insurance service supplier considers to be an application, the
insurance service supplier may make a request to the appropriate authorities to determine its status.
The appropriate authorities will respond without undue delay to such a request and indicate whetherthey consider the documents to constitute a formal application.
                                                     
3 The "measures" do not apply to group long-term disability insurance ("Dantai Choki Shogai Shotoku
Hosho Hoken") and income indemnity insurance ("Shotoku Hosho Hoken"), including individual long term
disability insurance ("Choki Shogai Tokuyaku").S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 58
B. Banking and Other Financial Services
(excluding Insurance and Insurance-Related Services)
1. With respect  to the assets of Employees' Pension Funds (hereinafter referred to as "Funds")
qualified by appropriate authorities to be managed by discretionary investment management servicesuppliers, the eight-year qualification requirement with respect to the required duration of the Funds
following their establishment is reduced to three years.
2. There is a ceiling of 1/2 of total assets with respect to the assets of Funds which can be
managed by discretionary investment management se rvice suppliers.  The ceiling will be eliminated
by March 1999.
3. No asset allocation guidelines are applied to individual pension fund management service
suppliers with respect to the management of fund assets of the Pension Welfare Service Public
Corporation (excluding the commingled fund management of insurance companies) or of the assets of
Funds (excluding the commingled fund management of insurance companies) which can be managed
by discretionary investment management service suppliers.
4. Investment trust management services and discretionary investment management services
may be supplied by one entity if that entity satisfies the relevant prudential provisions of Japanese
Laws and the prudential standards set out by appropriate authorities.
5. Appropriate authorities permit the Pension Welfare Service Public Corporation to allow
investment advisory companies to participate in the management of its fund assets through a variation
on the "Shiteitan" framework.  At the time of the ne xt comprehensive review of the Japanese pension
system in 1999, this scheme would be reviewed.
"Shiteitan" is a designated money trust for separate investment management provided by trust
banks.  Under "Shiteitan", beneficial owners do not specify individual objects of stocks, bonds or
other financial instruments to be purchased.  Trust banks are permitted to guarantee the principal of
"Shiteitan" under domestic laws and regulations.
6. Appropriate authorities will fully utilize the existing mechanisms available to them to respond
expeditiously to accommodate innovations in securities products, while ensuring the most appropriatesupervision of markets from prudential viewpoints.
_______________S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 59
UNDERSTANDING ON COMMITMENTS IN FINANCIAL SERVICES
Participants in the Uruguay Round have been enabled to take on specific commitments with
respect to financial services under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (hereinafter referred
to as the "Agreement") on the basis of an alternativ e approach to that covered by the provisions of
Part III of the Agreement.  It was agreed that this  approach could be applied subject to the following
understanding:
(i) it does not conflict with the provisions of the Agreement;(ii) it does not prejudice the right of any Member to schedule its specific commitments in
accordance with the approach u nder Part III of the Agreement;
(iii) resulting specific commitments shall apply on a most-favoured-nation basis;(iv) no presumption has been created as to the degree of liberalization to which a Member
is committing itself under the Agreement.
Interested Members, on the basis of negotiations, and subject to conditions and qualifications
where specified, have inscribed in their schedule specific commitments conforming to the approach
set out below.
A. Standstill
Any conditions, limitations and qualifications to the commitments noted below shall be
limited to existing non-conforming measures.
B. Market Access
Monopoly Rights
1. In addition to Article VIII of the Agreement, the following shall apply:
Each Member shall list in its schedule pertaining to financial services existing monopoly
rights and shall endeavour to eliminate them or reduce their scope.  Notwithstanding
subparagraph 1(b) of the Annex on Financial Services, this paragraph applies to the activities
referred to in subparagraph 1(b)(iii) of the Annex.
Financial Services purchased by Public Entities
2. Notwithstanding Article XIII of the Agreement, each Member shall ensure that financial
service suppliers of any other Member established in its territory are accorded most-favoured-nation
treatment and national treatment as regards the purchase or acquisition of financial services by public
entities of the Member in its territory.
Cross-border Trade
3. Each Member shall permit non-resident suppliers of financial services to supply, as a
principal, through an intermediary or as an intermediary, and under terms and conditions that accordnational treatment, the following services:S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 60
(a) insurance of risks relating to:
(i) maritime shipping and commercial aviation and space launching and freight
(including satellites), with such insura nce to cover any or all of the following:
the goods being transported, the vehicle transporting the goods and anyliability arising therefrom;  and
(ii) goods in international transit;
(b) reinsurance and retrocession and the services auxiliary to insurance as referred to in
subparagraph 5(a)(iv) of the Annex;
(c) provision and transfer of financial information and financial data processing as
referred to in subparagraph 5(a)(xv) of the Annex and advisory and other auxiliary
services, excluding intermediation, relating to banking and other financial services as
referred to in subparagraph 5(a)(xvi) of the Annex.
4. Each Member shall permit its residents to purchase in the territory of any other Member the
financial services indicated in:
(a) subparagraph 3(a);
(b) subparagraph 3(b);  and
(c) subparagraphs 5(a)(v) to (xvi) of the Annex.Commercial Presence
5. Each Member shall grant financial service suppliers of any other Member the right to
establish or expand within its territory, including through the acquisition of existing enterprises, a
commercial presence.
6. A Member may impose terms, conditions and procedures for authorization of the
establishment and expansion of a commercial presence in so far as they do not circumvent theMember's obligation under paragraph 5 and they are consistent with the other obligations of this
Agreement.
New Financial Services
7. A Member shall permit financial service suppliers of any other Member established in its
territory to offer in its territory any new financial service.
Transfers of Information and Processing of Information
8. No Member shall take measures that prevent transfers of information or the processing of
financial information, including transfers of data by electronic means, or that, subject to importation
rules consistent with international agreements, prevent transfers of equipment, where such transfers of
information, processing of financial information or transfers of equipment are necessary for the
conduct of the ordinary business of a financial service supplier.  Nothing in this paragraph restricts theright of a Member to protect personal data, personal privacy and the confidentiality of individual
records and accounts so long as such right is not used to circumvent the provisions of the Agreement.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 61
Temporary Entry of Personnel
9. (a) Each Member shall permit temporary entry into its territory of the following
personnel of a financial service supplier of any other Member that is establishing or
has established a commercial presence in the territory of the Member:
(i) senior managerial personnel possessing proprietary information essential to
the establishment, control and operation of the services of the financial
service supplier;  and
(ii) specialists in the operation of the financial service supplier.
(b) Each Member shall permit, subject to the availability of qualified personnel in its
territory, temporary entry into its territory of the following personnel associated with
a commercial presence of a financial service supplier of any other Member:
(i) specialists in computer services, telecommunication services and accounts of 
the financial service supplier;  and
(ii) actuarial and legal specialists.
Non-discriminatory Measures
10. Each Member shall endeavour to remove or to limit any significant adverse effects on
financial service suppliers of any other Member of:
(a) non-discriminatory measures that prevent financial service suppliers from offering in
the Member's territory, in the form dete rmined by the Member, all the financial
services permitted by the Member;
(b) non-discriminatory measures that limit the expansion of the activities of financial
service suppliers into the entire territory of the Member;
(c) measures of a Member, when such a Member applies the same measures to the supply
of both banking and securities services, and a financial service supplier of any other
Member concentrates its activities in the provision of securities services;  and
(d) other measures that, although respecting the provisions of the Agreement, affect
adversely the ability of financial service suppliers of any other Member to operate,compete or enter the Member's market;
provided that any action taken under this paragraph would not unfairly discriminate against financial
service suppliers of the Member taking such action.
11. With respect to the non-discriminatory measures referred to in subparagraphs 10(a) and (b), a
Member shall endeavour not to limit or restrict the present degree of market opportunities nor the
benefits already enjoyed by financial service suppliers of all other Members as a class in the territory
of the Member, provided that this commitment does not result in unfair discrimination against
financial service suppliers of the Member applying such measures.S/DCS/W/JPN
Page 62
C. National treatment
1. Under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, each Member shall grant to
financial service suppliers of any other Member established in its territory access to payment and
clearing systems operated by public entities, and to official funding and refinancing facilities availablein the normal course of ordinary business.  This paragraph is not intended to confer access to the
Member's lender of last resort facilities.
2. When membership or participation in, or a ccess to, any self-regulatory body, securities or
futures exchange or market, clearing agency, or an y other organization or association, is required by a
Member in order for financial service suppliers of any other Member to supply financial services on
an equal basis with financial service suppliers of the Member, or when the Member provides directlyor indirectly such entities, privileges or advantages in supplying financial services, the Member shall
ensure that such entities accord national treatment to financial service suppliers of any other Member
resident in the territory of the Member.
D. Definitions
For the purposes of this approach:
1. A non-resident supplier of financial services is a financial service supplier of a Member
which supplies a financial service into the territory of another Member from an establishment locatedin the territory of another Member, regardless of whether such a financial service supplier has or has
not a commercial presence in the territory of the Member in which the financial service is supplied.
2. "Commercial presence" means an enterprise within a Member's territory for the supply of
financial services and includes wholly- or partly-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, partnerships, soleproprietorships, franchising operations, branches, agencies, representative offices or other
organizations.
3. A new financial service is a service of a financial nature, including services related to existing
and new products or the manner in which a product is  delivered, that is not supplied by any financial
service supplier in the territory of a particular Member but which is supplied in the territory of another
Member.
__________