WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/AG/W/57/Add.1
29 November 2002
(02-6588)
Committee on Agriculture Original:  English
MARRAKESH NET FOOD-IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ("NFIDC")
DECISION − TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF AID
PROGRAMMES TO IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
Responses from the African Development Bank and the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations
Addendum
The attached responses from the African Development Bank and the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have been received in response to letters by the Chairman
of the General Council in connection with the Committee's recommendations on implementation-
related issues that were approved at the Doha Ministerial Conference.  The relevant recommendation
in the area of technical and financial assistance in the context of aid programmes to improveagricultural productivity and infrastructure provides:
"(b) that, in support of the priority accorded by least-developed and net food-importing
developing countries to the development of their agricultural productivity and
infrastructure, the WTO General Council call upon relevant internationaldevelopment organisations, including the World Bank, the FAO, IFAD, the UNDP
and the Regional Development Banks to enhance their provision of, and access to,
technical and financial assistance to least-developed and net food-importing
developing countries, on terms and conditions conducive to the better use of such
facilities and resources, in order to improve agricultural productivity andinfrastructure in these countries under existing facilities and programmes, as well as
under such facilities and programmes as may be introduced."  (G/AG/11, Section B-II
refers.)
In his letters to the respective heads of the international organizations concerned, the
Chairman of the General Council requested information about the outcome of any deliberations and
actions in this regard within the framework of their programmes and policies.
_______________G/AG/W/57/Add.1
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Response by the African Development Bank Group
I would like to thank you for your letter draw ing the attention of President O. Kabbaj to the
recommendations approved during the WTO Minister ial Conference in Doha, concerning technical
and financial assistance to improve agricultural productivity and infrastructure in least developed and
net food-importing developing countries.
The African Development Bank is convinced of the topical contribution of agricultural
development to poverty reduction in Africa.  Our Institution through its concessional window, the
African Development Fund, is a major provider of development assistance in this sector with
cumulative soft loans and grants approved for agriculture since 1974 amounting to 3.12 billion UA(SDR), corresponding to 27.3 per cent of all ADB loan and grant approvals.
Please find attached a brief describing the commitment of our Institution to improve
agricultural productivity and infrastructure in Africa.
Signed by Henock Kifle,
Director, Development Research DepartmentG/AG/W/57/Add.1
Page 3
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP
ADB Financial and Technical Assistance to Agricultural Productivity and
Infrastructure of Least Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries
1. Given the central goal of poverty reduction, and given that the bulk of the poor live in rural
areas and are engaged directly and/or indirectly in the sector, the Bank Group considers promotion of
agriculture and rural development as the primary channel through which poverty can be attacked,
inequalities in incomes, assets and gender reduced, and barriers to people's abilities to benefit from
the development process removed.
2. Therefore the ADB Group contributes through its concessional window, the African
Development Fund (ADF), to the improvement of ag ricultural productivity and infrastructure of least
developed African countries.
3. Instruments for ADF interventions for agricu ltural productivity and infrastructure are:
• Loans and grants to finance projects in:  (1) agricultural sector including irrigation;
(2) transport sector when aiming at the creation and improvement of roads to provide
permanent access to agricultural areas;  and (3) education sector when focusing onvocational training for agricultural techniques;
• Technical Assistance grants for project cycle studies and for institutional capacity
building in the above-mentioned areas;  and
• AMTA programme.
Loans and grants
4. In 2001 the ADF Board of Directors approved 31 direct support operations to the agriculture
and rural development sector in 16 countries, amounting to UA (SDR) 229 million (24.3 per cent of
ADF 2001 loan and grant approvals).  Furthermore, 58 milion UA were lent to the transportation
sector, improving market access to farmers in Cameroon, Ethiopia and Niger;  and 8.3 million UA for
technical training in agriculture (Mauritania).
5. As at end 2001, cumulative ADF loan and grant approvals for the agricultural sector since
1974 amounted to 3.12 billion UA (SDR), corresponding to 27.3 per cent of all loan and grant
approvals.
6. Beyond the agriculture sector, investments in public utility infrastructure (feeder roads,
storage facilities, water and sanitation, etc.), further support agriculture and rural development.  Tocite one example, in Ethiopia, the Butajira-Hossaina-Sodo Road Upgrading Project aimed at
improving transportation services between Addis Ab aba and Sodo, reducing transportation costs, and
promoting market integration between rural and urban areas.  Also, the Rural Electrification Project in
Mozambique, as part of rural infrastructure development, is expected to extend the national grid to
19 rural towns to support economic growth, improve living standards of the rural population, and
reduce poverty.
7. Improvement in food security for the vulnerable poor is at the heart of the Bank's strategic
interventions to combat growing poverty in Africa.  Thus pilot programmes on food security are well
underway with Cameroon, Cape Verde, Mauritania , Mozambique, Malawi, and Tanzania receiving
assistance under the Special Program for Food Security (SPFS) jointly financed with the FAO and
other multilateral development banks.G/AG/W/57/Add.1
Page 4
8. Poor financial services continue to pose a major impediment to the support of agriculture in
rural Africa.  The Bank contributes to strengthening the capacity of micro-finance institutions in ADF
countries.  This includes grants for the provision of essential equipment, training, exchange visits,
technical assistance and sponsorships at seminars and conferences.  Furthermore, the ADB promotes
the creation of an enabling environment for MFIs.
9. With the view of increasing the productivity of various agricultural systems, the Bank has
given grants to 24 agricultural research centres since 1998, for a total amount of 5.6 million UA.
10. Agro industries also contribute to agricultural productivity and infrastructure.  The Bank has
decided to channel its support for highly profitable agro-industrial projects through the private sector
arm (ADB non-concessional wi ndows) of its operations.
Agricultural Management Training for Africa (AMTA)
11. The major objective of the AMTA programme is to improve the performance of agricultural
and rural development projects and increase the availability of trained project managers in Africa.
This will be accomplished by offering training in the management of projects.
12. The programme is being implemented in nine Sub-Sahara African countries (Burkina Faso,
Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Chad, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Namibia, Tanzania and Uganda) and three North
African countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) where it is referred to as NAMTA:  North Africa
Management Training in Agriculture.  The project will be extended to seven additional countries in
Sub-Sahara Africa (to be selected) and two countries in North Africa (Egypt and Sudan).
13. The programme is co-financed by ADB and IFAD.  ADB's share to the financing of AMTA
Sub-Sahara Africa is USD 1.8 million while IFAD contributes an amount of USD 2.5 million.  Underthe NAMTA sub-component, ADB contributes US$ 1.2 million while IFAD contributes $3.6 million.
New approaches
14. The Bank is preparing policy guidelines for rural finance and agricultural research.
• The Bank is preparing the Rural Finance Policy Guidelines  to assist its staff and
RMCs in the design of more financially sustainable services through improved rural
financial intermediation.  This includes institutional support to rural and community
banks through human capital development, improvements in internal controls and
procedures, communication linkages, and management information and reporting
systems.
• Also the Agricultural Research Policy Guidelines  are being prepared to help
streamline research protocol and delivery services in order to improve the take-uprate by RMCs of improved planting materials and methods.
15. The Bank Group is designing additional new projects to respond to the priorities spelt out in
its Vision.  These include:
• Income-enhancing projects that promote increased production and sale of high-
quality horticultural products;
• Community-based poverty reduction projects targeted at activities of the vulnerable
poor;G/AG/W/57/Add.1
Page 5
• Expansion of irrigable land via farm-managed irrigation schemes such as Ethiopia's
Koga irrigation and Watershed Management Project;  and
• Projects to increase farmers' income and employment opportunities, and enhance food
security within the area (e.g. Egypt's Buhiyyah Canal Irrigation Improvement
Project).
16. These projects contribute to poverty reduct ion and promotion of sustainable development,
particularly in the rural areas in the RMCs.G/AG/W/57/Add.1
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Response by the FAO
I wish to refer to your letter of 29 August 2002, requesting information on the outcome of
deliberations and actions within the framework of FAO's programmes and policies of relevance to oneof the recommendations contained in the report of 28 September 2001 of the Committee on
Agriculture to the WTO General Council, which was endorsed by the WTO Doha Ministerial
Conference.  The recommendation called upon relevant international development organizations,
including FAO, to enhance technical and financial as sistance to least-developed countries (LDCs) and
net food-importing developing countries (NFIDCs), in order to improve agricultural productivity and
infrastructure in these countries.
I should like to inform you that, in the context of FAO's programmes and policies, the bulk of
FAO's technical assistance to improve agricultural productivity and infrastructure is provided to the
FAO analytical category of low-income food-de ficit countries (LIFDCs), which includes all LDCs
and most of the NFIDCs (see attached note).  I am also attaching for your information a note which
summarizes the nature and direction of that assistance.
I would like to assure the WTO Committee on Agriculture that FAO's technical assistance
will continue to give very high priority to the needs and goals of LDCs and NFIDCs.
Signed by Jacques Diouf,
Director-General
FAOG/AG/W/57/Add.1
Page 7
FAO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE OF RELEVANCE TO IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTIVITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MARRAKESH DECISION
Introduction
1. FAO's technical assistance to member countries aims to help them both to overcome
emergencies and to build a modern food and agricultural system by exploiting more fully their human
and natural resources potentials.  The assistance is guided by three global goals, which have been
shaped by the Constitution of FAO and by international conferences, particularly the 1996 World
Food Summit.
(a) Access of all people at all times to sufficient, nutritionally adequate and safe food,
with the aim of ensuring that the number of undernourished people is reduced by half
by no later than 2015;
(b) The continued contribution of sustainable agriculture and rural development,
including fisheries and forestry, to economic and social progress and the well-being
of all;
(c) The conservation, improvement and sustainable utilization of natural resources,
including land, water, forest, fisheries and genetic resources for food and agriculture.1
2. The assistance includes normative as well as operational field activities with a direct impact
on supply-side capacities.  The following is a brief review of FAO technical assistance focusing on
operational field activities in developing countries, including an illustrative description of ongoingFAO field projects in Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
Normative assistance
3. FAO's normative assistance includes policy analysis and policy advice on a variety of
agricultural policy issues. FAO has assisted many developing countries, including LDCs and NetFood-Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs), in  preparing "national agricultural development
strategies towards 2010".  Also, substantial assistance is provided in relation to agricultural trade and
negotiations. Activities include analytical and normative work to improve understanding of
underlying trends and to assess the impact of commodity and trade policies on the trade and food
security situation of LDCs and NIFDCs.  In this  connection, FAO has promoted a number of expert
consultations and research to improve the understanding of the particular situation of LDCs and
NIFDCs as well as of their needs in international tr ade negotiations in agriculture.  In addition, FAO
is giving technical support to countries to enhance their capacity to participate effectively in the WTO
negotiations on agriculture.  In this specific area, FAO completed a first "Umbrella" programme and
is in the process of mobilizing resources to implement a new US$5 million programme to provide
technical assistance, mainly to LDCs and NIFDCs, in the field of agricultural trade negotiations.
FAO Field Programme
4. FAO provides technical cooperation  and emergency assistance , funded from its regular
programme and extra-budgetary resources, to member countries, particularly developing countries at
their request, and in partnership with bilateral donors, multilateral institutions, other organizations of
the United Nations system, as well as with the private sector and civil society.
                                                     
1 See The Strategic Framework for FAO 2000-2015 , Rome, FAO, 1999.G/AG/W/57/Add.1
Page 8
5. In the period 1996-2001, the value of FAO field programme activities totalled some
US$1.85 billion in delivery.  In the year 2001 alone, more than 1,600 field projects, with a total
delivery value of US$370 million, were ongoing.  As shown in the chart below, they cover a wide
range of technical fields in agriculture, natural resources, forestry and fisheries.
FAO Field Programme Delivery by Technical Sector in 2001
Note: Includes field projects in all countries, including those in transition.  "Other" includes inter alia, Policy
assistance (2% of the total delivery value);  rural development (2%);  nutrition (1%);  agricultural
support systems (2%); food and agricultural information (3%);  and agriculture, food security and trade
policy (1%).
Source: FAO Field Programme Management Information System.
6. In the particular case of LDCs, in the period 1992-2000, the value of FAO field projects
totalled some US$849 million, or 31 per cent of its total Field Programme.  These projects met a wide
range of needs, from emergency relief and agricultural rehabilitation to practical assistance to
government programmes for food security, sustainable agriculture and rural development.  In the year2000 alone, more than 700 field projects, with a total budget value of  US$423 million, were ongoing
in 46 of the then 48 LDCs .  As shown in the figure below, they cover a wide range of technical fields
in agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
7. In addition to the direct assistance described above, FAO assists member countries by
identifying and preparing agricultural investment projects and programmes for funding byinternational financial institutions.  Over the period 1996-2001, the FAO Investment Centre  helped
generate total investment in agriculture for developing countries valued at almost US$14 billion.  In
the particular case of LDCs, over the period 1992-2000, the FAO Investment Centre  helped generate
total investment in agriculture of more than US$3 billion.FAO Field Programme Delivery, by Technical Sector in 2001
Crops
45%
Natural Resources
11%Forestry
8%Emergency Response Operations
7%Food Production in Support of Food
Security in LFIDCs
4%Fisheries
4%Livestock
4%Others
17%G/AG/W/57/Add.1
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Note: * Comprises, inter alia, fisheries (3 per cent of the total budget value);  rural development (3 per cent);
food and agricultural policy (2 per cent);  agricult ural support systems (2 per cent);  nutrition (1 per
cent);  and agricultural applications of isotopes and biotechnology (<1 per cent).
Source :FAO Field Programme Management Information System.
FAO Field Programme Delivery in LDCs by Technical Sector, 2000
Technical cooperation – some illustrations
8. In the crops  sector, for example, an FAO project in Nepal  helped strengthen the country's
capacity for introducing and testing improved vegetable varieties, stimulated private sector
involvement in production of improved seeds, and contributed to an 85 per cent increase in domestic
vegetable production.  Other FAO projects helped institute an Integrated Pest Management (IPM)system for various crops in China, developed hybr id rice technology and provided support to maize
development in India.
9. Forestry  projects have assisted in rehabilitation of tree cover in Mauritania , capacity-
building in forestry research in Bhutan , creation of a forestry crime monitoring programme in
Cambodia,  and strengthening of the Brazilian Public Forest Administration and National Forest
Programme.
10. In the natural resources  sector, FAO has assisted sustainable agriculture and soil conservation
in environmentally fragile mountainous areas of Haiti  and helped improve irrigation and water
conservation in Djibouti . Livestock  projects have increased veterinary vaccine production in
Ethiopia , and helped Angola  detect and control transboundary livestock diseases.
11. Fisheries projects are developing in the Lao People's Democratic Republic,  a provincial
aquaculture programme, designed to be replicated in other areas, and provide advice to Cape Verde
on new policies for its fisheries sector.
12. In the food and nutrition area, Field Programme activities include expansion of the national
food information system in Eritrea , assistance to  fruit and vegetable marketing in Nepal , and support
to national food quality control, including effec tive participation in Codex Alimentarius and the
strengthening of the National Codex Committee, in Lesotho , Bhutan,  Cambodia, Cuba, India, and
Lithuania - among many others.  There are also many projects aimed at strengthening national
phytosanitary services and capabilities, both on a national level (as in Estonia, Kenya, Sudan,  andNatural resources    
8%   Livestock    
6%   Research,    
technology    
5%   Food & agricultural    
inform ation    
4%   Crops   
29%   Other*    
23%   
Forestry    
10%   Food security    
15%   G/AG/W/57/Add.1
Page 10
Tanzania , to name a few) as well as on a regional basis (with regional projects in Eastern and
Southern Africa , and in the CARICOM countries ).
13. In all of the above sectors, FAO provides also policy advice and assistance  to developing
countries - for example, through projects for household food security in Gambia , diversification of
food production in Malawi , and a review of sugar sub-sector policy in Mozambique .  In addition,
through TCP projects, FAO carried out a household food consumption and anthropometric survey in
Poland , and helped Kazakhstan  prepare for an agricultural census in 2001.
14. Extension training and capacity building is also carried out in all of the areas of FAO's work.
Such activities include the strengthening of the national agricultural extension systems in
Bangladesh, Dominica, Philippines, Cook Islands, Cameroon, and Nepal , among others.  Certain
extension activities are geared to specific groups (e.g. women in development in Ethiopia , female
extension workers in Egypt , smallholders in the Gambia  and Laos ) or specific sectors (e.g. olive
production in Jordan , communal tree planting in Mozambique, wheatless bread development in
Nigeria).
Emergency assistance
15. FAO meets requests for emergency assistance in the agricultural, livestock and fisheries
sectors from LDCs affected by exceptional natural or man-made calamities.  It also assists them in the
establishment of programmes of disaster preparedness and in post-emergency measures, and in the
formulation and implementation of relief and rehabilitation programmes that speed the return to
sustainable agricultural development.  In Oc tober 2000, FAO was operating 42 emergency projects in
16 LDCs, including provision of food storage facilities, livestock feed and animal health inputs inAfghanistan , assistance to farmers in drought-affected areas of Rwanda , and support to programmes
for the war-affected population in Sierra Leone .  Delivery of emergency assistance in the year 2000
was over US$18 million, or 31 per cent of all technical cooperation provided to LDCs.
SPECIAL DIMENSIONSThe World Food Summit and the World Food Summit: five years later (WFS fyl)
16. The World Food Summit: five years later (WFS fyl) , held at FAO Headquarters in Rome,
Italy, in June 2002, renewed the global commitments made in the Rome Declaration at the World
Food Summit in 1996 in particular to halve the number of hungry in the world no later than 2015, as
reaffirmed in the United Nations Millennium Declaration.  The WFS:fyl  also renewed the
commitment of governments to the Plan of Action adopted by the Summit in 1996.  The plan focuses
on the following: assuring enabling political, social and economic conditions; food productionthrough sustainable agricultural development po licies and practices; improving access to food;
fostering a fair and market-oriented world trading system;  dealing adequately with natural disasters
and man-made emergencies; and encouraging investment in agricultural and rural development to
promote food security.
Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS)
17. The SPFS constitutes FAO's major thrust toward achieving the World Food Summit's goals.
It aims at helping developing countries, in pa rticular the 78 low-income food-deficit countries
(LIFDCs), to improve food security at both household and national levels by promoting rapid
increases in productivity by small farmers in food production and other rural activities, reducingannual fluctuations in production and improving people's access to food.G/AG/W/57/Add.1
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18. The central concept of the SPFS is to improve productivity and broaden access to food by
working directly with farmers and other stakehol ders in identifying and resolving constraints to
agricultural development (whether of a technical, economic, social, institutional or policy nature) and
demonstrating practical ways of increasing production and productivity.
19. By February 2002, the SPFS was in operation in 67 developing countries (38 in Africa, 18 in
Asia and the Pacific, 9 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and two in Eastern Europe), while
projects had been formulated or were in formul ation for 17 others.  The Programme has had notable
success in identifying constraints to enhanced agricultural production, introducing improved
technologies on a pilot scale or more generally.  For example, in the United Republic of Tanzania ,
the Government has adopted the SPFS as a national programme following the successful completion
of activities that promoted improved water control, participatory transfer of improved technologies for
crop and small livestock production, and income generation based on formation of participatoryfarmer groups.  Egypt is providing technical advi ce on irrigation through a South-South Cooperation
agreement (see below) within the SPFS.  In Cambodia , the Programme has helped to achieve a 30 per
cent increase in rice yields and increases in farm  incomes, using the Farmers' Field School extension
approach in introducing new production and post-production technologies.  In Nepal , more than
3,000 farmers have been trained in crop husbandry and irrigation, in particular under a WorldBank/FAO-assisted irrigation project using the SPFS approach, while in Haiti , 2,500 farmers have
participated in farm demonstrations with the assistance of experts from Bolivia and Morocco.
20. Initially, SPFS projects were funded from FAO's own resources, but have attracted increasing
levels of support from the FAO bilateral Trust Fund Programme, UNDP, other United Nations
agencies, international financial institutions, development banks, non-governmental organizations(NGOs) and the private sector.  To date, funds mobilized in support of SPFS activities total more than
US$240 million.
South-South Cooperation
21. Launched in 1996 within the framework of the Special Programme for Food Security, FAO's
South-South Cooperation (SSC) init iative provides an opportunity for more advanced developing
countries to share with LDCs their experience an d expertise in agriculture and rural development.
The more advanced developing countries provide t echnicians and experts who work for two to three
years with farmers, livestock owners and fish ing communities to increase their productivity and
production and to improve access to food.  Funding is arranged on a case-by-case basis but involves
contributions from the co-operating country, FAO's regular budget and the host country, in some
cases in conjunction with Trust Fund projects.
22. By February 2002, a total of 25 SSC agreements had been signed, providing up to
1,400 experts and technicians, of which 340 had already been fielded;  a further 15 agreements were
expected to be signed soon.
Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries and Countries in Transition
(TCDC/TCCT)
23. FAO's TCDC/TCCT Programme provides another source of technical expertise available to
LDCs.  So far 128 countries have signed agreements under the Programme, providing more than
2,300 experts for wide-ranging FAO priority programmes and projects in member countries.  Experts
from the private sector and NGOs have al so undertaken a number of assignments.G/AG/W/57/Add.1
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OUTLOOK
24. FAO's technical cooperation with developing countries largely relies on extra-budgetary
resources.  Consequently, the volume and effectiveness of its direct support to LDCs depends on the
extent of such funding.  As regards official development assistance (ODA), annual commitments toLDCs rose from an annual average of US$12,922 million in 1981-1990 to US$15,564 million in
1991-1999, but the share of agriculture in the total fell by 20 per cent.  This trend is a matter of
concern, as food security in LDCs will remain a major priority in the foreseeable future, as was noted
by the World Food Summit.
25. A major thrust of FAO's Medium Term Plan (2002-2007) is accordingly to create the
conditions and enabling mechanisms for a substantial flow of extra-budgetary resources, primarily to
meet requests for technical assistance.  It fore sees continuous assessment of country needs, and
creation of partnership agreements with multilateral and bilateral donors and private institutions to
ensure coherent, longer-term cooperation.  It stresses early involvement of prospective donors in
project formulation and close monitoring of Field Programme performance.G/AG/W/57/Add.1
Page 13
Low-Income Food-Deficit Countries
The classification of a country as low-income food-deficit (LIFDC) used for analytical
purposes by FAO is traditionally determined by three criteria.  First, a country should have a per
capita income below the "historical" ceiling used by  the World Bank to determine eligibility for IDA
assistance and for 20-year IBRD terms, applied to countries included in World Bank categories I and
II.  The historical ceiling of per capita GNP for 2000, based on the World Bank Atlas method, is
US$1,445, the same level as in 1999.  The second criterion is based on the net (i.e. gross imports less
gross exports) food trade position of a country averaged over the preceding three years, i.e. from 1997
to 1999.  Trade volumes for a broad basket of basic foodstuffs (cereals, roots and tubers, pulses,
oilseeds and oils other than tree crop oils, meat and dairy products) are converted and aggregated by
the calorie content of individual commodities.  Thirdly the self-exclusion criterion is applied whencountries that meet the above two criteria specifically request to be excluded from the LIFDC
category.  In order to avoid countries changing thei r LIFDC status too frequently - typically reflecting
short-term, exogenous shocks - an additional factor is taken into consideration from this year.  This
consideration, called "persistence of position", would postpone the "exit" of a LIFDC from the list,
despite the country not meeting the LIFDC income criterion or the food-deficit criterion, until the
change in its status is verified for three consecutive years.  In other words, a country is taken off the
list in the fourth year, after confirming a sustained improvement in its position for three consecutive
years.  During these three years, the country in question would be considered to be in a "transitional"
phase.  Currently, the countries belonging to this transitional phase are India, Nepal and Bolivia (net
food exporter for the second consecutive year), Cuba and Macedonia, FYR (exceed the World Bankincome threshold for the first year) and Guatemala (exceeds the World Bank income threshold for the
second consecutive year).
List of Countries
Afghanistan
AlbaniaAngola
Armenia
Azerbaijan, Republic ofBangladeshBeninBhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroon
Cape Verde
Central African RepublicChadChinaComorosCongo, Dem Republic of
Congo, Republic of
Côte d'IvoireCubaDjiboutiEcuadorEgypt
Equatorial Guinea
EritreaEthiopia
GambiaGeorgia
Ghana
GuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauHaiti
Honduras
IndiaIndonesiaKenyaKiribatiKorea, Dem. People's Rep.
Kyrgyzstan
LaosLesothoLiberiaMacedonia, The Fmr. Yug. Rp.Madagascar
Malawi
MaldivesMaliMauritaniaMongoliaMorocco
Mozambique
NepalNicaragua
NigerNigeria
Pakistan
Papua New GuineaPhilippinesRwandaSamoa
Sao Tome and Principe
SenegalSierra LeoneSolomon IslandsSomaliaSri Lanka
Sudan
SwazilandSyrian Arab RepublicTajikistanTanzania, United Rep. ofTogo
Turkmenistan
TuvaluUgandaUzbekistanVanuatuYemen
Zambia
__________