RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/REG90/3
20 June 2000
(00-2464)
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements Original:  English
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN BULGARIA AND
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Communication from Bulgaria
I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE AGREEMENT
1. Membership, Dates of Signature, Ratification and Entry into Force
Parties to the Free Trade Agreement are the Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of
Macedonia.
The Agreement was signed on 13 October 1999 in Sofia and entered into force after the
completion of the ratification procedures in both Parties.
With a law adopted on 15 December 1999 the XXXVIII National Assembly of the Republic
of Bulgaria ratified the Agreement.  The Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia ratified the
Agreement on 17 December 1999.
The Agreement entered into force on 1 January 2000.  It applies in respect of the territory to
which the customs laws of Bulgaria and Macedonia are applicable.
The Agreement was notified to the Council for Trade in Goods on 21 January 2000, in
accordance with Article XXIV:7(a) of the GATT 1994.
2. Type of Agreement
The Agreement provides for the gradual establishment of a free-trade area between the
Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia, in conformity with Article XXIV of the
GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV of GATT 1994, over a
transitional period lasting a maximum of five years.  By the end of the transitional period, all duties
and other restrictive regulations of commerce shall be eliminated on substantially all the trade
between the signatories.
3. Scope
The free-trade area established by the Agreement provides the framework for future trade
relations between Bulgaria and Macedonia.
The Agreement covers trade in industrial products (Chapters 25-97 of the Harmonized
System, HS), agricultural, processed agricultural and fishery products (HS Chapters 1-24), originating
in the Republic of Bulgaria or in the Republic of Macedonia according to the rules of origin laid out in
the Agreement.WT/REG90/3
Page 2
Annex I to the Agreement (reproduced in Anne x I to this document) defines the exclusions
from the scope of industrial products.  For the purpose of the Agreement, the products contained in
that Annex are considered to be agricultural products.
With the entry into force of the Agreement, customs duties and other restrictive regulations of
commerce on all industrial and certain agricultural  products are being abolished or decreased, thus
meeting the requirement of Article XXIV with respec t to the free-trade area to cover substantially all
the trade between the constituent territories in products originating in those territories.
In order to ensure the proper functioning of the free-trade area, the Agreement contains
provisions, inter alia , on state monopolies, competition, public procurement and protection of
intellectual property rights.
An Evolutionary Clause enables the Parties to develop and deepen the relations established by
this Agreement by extending them to fields not covered thereby .
Annex II contains a summary of the structure of the Agreement.
4. Trade Data
See Annex 3 for detailed information.
II. TRADE PROVISIONS
1. Import Restrictions
Customs duties on imports of all industrial products, except for those considered as sensitive,
were abolished on 1 January 2000.  For the most sensitive of them, customs duties shall be gradually
eliminated until 1 January 2005, while for less sensitive products the progressive reduction of customs
duties shall end with their abolition on 1 January 2002.
As of 1 January 2000 all charges having an effect equivalent to customs duties on imports
were abolished.  No new customs duties or charges having equivalent effect shall be introduced in
trade between the Parties from the date of entry into force of the Agreement.
The Parties abolished quantitative restrictions on imports and measures having equivalent
effect in trade between them as of the date of entry into force of the Agreement and also agreed not to
introduce such new measures.  The Republic of Macedonia has however retained the right to continue
to implement, for a transitional period of five years, the existing protective measures on imports andlevy a customs administration fee.
2. Export Restrictions
The Agreement stipulates that all customs duties and charges having equivalent effect on
exports, as well as all quantitative restrictions and measures having equivalent effect shall be
abolished on the date of entry into force and that no new measures of that kind shall be introduced in
trade between the Parties.
However, the Republic of Macedonia has the right to continue to implement, for a transitional
period of five years, the existing protective measures on exports and levy a customs administration
fee.WT/REG90/3
Page 3
With respect to the Republic of Bulgaria, all export taxes were abolished before the entry into
force of the Agreement and therefore the provisions  allowing for the maintenance of export taxes on
two categories of products, listed in the Record of Understanding to the Agreement, do not apply.
3. Rules of Origin
The rules of origin on trade between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia,
defined in Protocol B of the Agreement, are based on the sufficient working or processing criteria.
Origin is conferred when:
(a) The good is wholly obtained or produced in the territory of a Party;
(b) each of the non-originating materials used in the production of the good undergoes
and applicable change in tariff classification set out in the specific rule for that good,
and the good satisfies any other applicable requirement set out in that rule, as a result
of production occurring entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties;
(c) the good is produced entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties exclusively
from originating materials; or,
(d) other particular circumstances as set out in Protocol B.The rules of origin enable only bilateral cumulation of products between the Parties to the
Agreement.
4. Standards
4.1. Technical barriers to trade
The rights and obligations of the Parties relatin g to standards or technical regulations and the
respective measures are defined by the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
The Parties shall cooperate and exchange information in the field of standardization,
metrology, conformity assessment and accreditation with the aim of reducing technical barriers to
trade.  The Parties may enter into negotiations for the conclusion of an agreement for mutualrecognition in the field of conformity assessment.
4.2. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures
 
The Parties shall apply their national regulations in the field of veterinary, sanitary and
phytosanitary control in a way corresponding to the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures and shall not introduce discriminatory measures or other measures which lead to unduly
restricting the flow of information about the level of sanitary and phytosanitary protection, animals,
plants and products.
5. Safeguards
The Agreement permits the application of safeguard measures in cases of increased imports
(Article 20), re-export and serious shortage (Article  21), incompatible practices concerning rules of
competition and state-aid (Article 27).  The procedure for the application of these measures is laiddown in Article 23 of the Agreement.WT/REG90/3
Page 4
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 20 on General Safeguards, the Parties can take
specific safeguard measures on imports of agricultural products, subject to concessions.
In accordance with Article 18 of Chapter III on Structural Adjustment a Party may, as an
exceptional measure, increase customs duties on imports of products originating in the other Partywhen serious difficulties concerning infant industries or certain sectors undergoing restructuring
produce important social problems.
In cases of serious balance of payments difficulties, Article 28 allows the Parties to adopt
restrictive measures, including measures related to imports, of limited duration, in accordance with
the conditions  established under the GATT 1994 and Article VIII of the Articles of Agreement of the
International Monetary Fund.
6. Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
When a Party finds that dumping, in the meaning of Article VI of the GATT 1994 is taking
place in the trade relations between the Parties, it may to take appropriate measures pursuant toArticle 19 in accordance with Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Implementation of
Article VI of the GATT 1994.  The respective procedures are laid down in Article 23.
7. Subsidies and  State-aid
According to Article 27, any incompatible State-aid practice which distorts or threatens to
distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods, may be
subject to measures taken in conformity with the procedures and under the conditions laid down by
the GATT 1994 and the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO and by any other relevant
instruments negotiated under the auspices of the WTO.  Such measures should be taken pursuant tothe provisions laid down in Article 23 of the Agreement .
Criteria for compatibility assessment of State-aid practices as well as rules for their
implementation shall be adopted within three years from the entry into force of the Agreement.
8. Sector-Specific Provisions
8.1. Agriculture
In Article 12 of the Agreement, the Parties declar e their readiness to foster, in so far as their
agricultural policies allow, the harmonious development of trade in agricultural products and to
discuss this issue periodically in the Joint Committee.  In pursuance of this objective and in order tofacilitate trade in agricultural products, the Parties grant each other concessions as specified in
Protocol A.
The same Article also provides for examination of the possibilities of granting further
concessions on trade in agricultural, processed agricultural and fishery products.
8.2. ServicesThere is no provision in the Agreement concerning the right of establishment and supply of
services.WT/REG90/3
Page 5
9. Other
9.1 Cooperation in customs administration
Article 25 and Protocol B to the Agreement concerning the definition of the concept of
"originating products" and methods of administrative cooperation between the Parties create a
framework for cooperation in customs administration.
9.2 State monopoliesArticle 22 of the Agreement obliges the Parties to progressively adjust any state monopoly of
a commercial character so as to ensure that by the end of the year following the entry into force of theAgreement no discrimination regarding the conditio ns under which goods are procured and marketed
exists between the nationals of the Parties.
9.3 Internal taxation
Any measure or practice of an internal fiscal nature establishing discrimination against
products originating in the Parties is being prohibited by Article 16 of the Agreement.  The Article
also prohibits repayment of internal taxes in excess of the amount of indirect or direct taxes imposed
on exports .
9.4 Protection of intellectual property
The protection of intellectual property rights is addressed in Article 29.  The Parties agree to
respect obligations arising from the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights, as well as other conventions on intellectual property protection, which are signed by
them and are listed in Annex IV to the Agreement.
9.5 Payments
 Article 26 stipulates that Parties, in accordance with their respective legislation, shall allow all
payments on the current account of the balance of payments in freely convertible currencies, as far as
the transactions related to the payments affect trade.
 
 9.6 Public procurement
 The two Parties consider the liberalization of their respective public procurement markets as
an objective of the Agreement and, to this end, their aim is at opening up of the award of publiccontracts on the basis of non-discrimination and reciprocity.
 
 Article 30 envisages a progressive development of respective rules, conditions and practices
on public procurement and granting to suppliers of the other Party access to contract award
procedures on public procurement markets not less favourable than that accorded to companies of anythird country.
 
Endeavours shall be made by both Parties to accede to the relevant Agreements negotiated
under the auspices of the GATT 1994 and the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO.
 WT/REG90/3
Page 6
III. GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT
1. Exceptions and Reservations
All customs duties and charges having equivalent effect on imports applied to industrial
products, except for those classified as sensitive, are abolished with the entry into force of theAgreement.  As for the sensitive products, customs duties and charges having equivalent effect shall
be gradually eliminated by the year 2005.  This, however, shall not preclude prohibitions or
restrictions on imports, exports or goods in transit, justified on grounds of public morality, public
policy or public security, the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants and
environment; the protection of national treasures possessing artistic, historic or archaeological value;
the protection of intellectual property or rules, relating to gold or silver or the conservation of
exhaustible natural resources, if such measures are made effective in conjunction with restrictions ondomestic production or consumption.  Such prohibitions or restrictions under Article 24 shall not,
however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between the
Parties.
The Agreement also allows the Parties to take measures, with concerns of security, in the
cases specified in Article 33.
2. Accession
There is no provision allowing other countries to accede to the Free Trade Agreement.
3. Dispute Settlement Procedures
The Agreement does not contain special provisions regarding dispute settlement.  The Joint
Committee, established under Article 31, has the authority to take decisions in the cases provided forin the Agreement.
4. Relation with Other Trade Agreements
The Agreement does not contain any provisions that establish any specific relation with other
bilateral, plurilateral and/or multilateral trade agreements.  However, in the Preamble a reference is
made to other trade agreements, concluded by each of the Parties.
The progressive elimination of obstacles to trade between the Parties is to be undertaken in
accordance with the provisions of the GATT 1994 and the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the
WTO.  Rights and obligations relating to certain matters, among which standards or technical
regulations and related matters, anti-dumping measures, balance-of-payments difficulties, etc. are tobe governed by the relevant WTO Agreements.  The obligations in the area of protection of
intellectual property rights also arise from certain international conventions on intellectual property
protection.
5. Institutional Framework
The Agreement establishes a Joint Committee with responsibilities for the administration of
the Agreement (Article 31).  Consultations to en sure its proper implementation shall be held within
the Joint Committee, which shall also keep under re view the possibility of further removal of the
obstacles to trade between the Parties.  The Joint Committee may decide to set up suchsub-committees and working parties as it deems necessary to assist it in accomplishing its tasks.WT/REG90/3
Page 7
ANNEX I
Referred to in Articles 2 and 11 of the Agreement
CN Code 1998 Product Description
2905 43 00 - Mannitol
2905 44 - D-glucitol (sorbitol)
ex 3502 Albumins, albuminates and other albumin derivatives:
- Egg albumin:
ex 3502 11 - Dried:
3502 11 90 - Other
ex 3502 19 - Other:
3502 19 90 - Other
ex 3502 20 - Milk albumin, including concentrates of two or more
whey proteins:
- Other:
3502 20 91 - Dried (for example, in sheets, scales, flakes, powder)
3502 20 99 - Other
ex 3505 10 Dextrines and other modified starches, excluding starches,
esterified or etherified of subheading 3505 10 50
3505 20 Glues based on starches, dextrins or other modified
starches
3809 10 Dressings and finishing agents with a basis of amylaceous
substances
3824 60 Sorbitol other than that of subheading 2905 45
4501 Natural cork, raw or simply prepared; waste cork; crushed,
granulated or ground cork
5201 00 Cotton, not carded or combed
5301 Flax, raw or processed but not spun; flax tow and waste
(including yarn waste and garnetted stock)
5302 True hemp ( Cannabis sativa L. ), raw or processed but not
spun; tow and waste of true hemp (including yarn waste
and garnetted stock)WT/REG90/3
Page 8
ANNEX II
Structure of the Agreement
Preamble
Objectives Article 1
Scope Articles 2,11 and Annex I
Basic Duties Article 3 and Protocol A
Customs Duties on Imports Article 4, Annexes II and III
and Protocol A
Charges Equivalent to Duties Article 5
Fiscal Duties Article 6
Customs Duties on Exports and Charges Having Equivalent Effect Article 7Quantitative Restrictions (QRs) on Exports and Measures Having
Equivalent EffectArticle 8
QRs on Imports and Measures Having Equivalent Effect Article 9
Technical Barriers to Trade Article 10
Exchange of Agricultural Concessions Article 12 and Protocol A
Concessions and Agricultural Policies Article 13
Specific Safeguards Article 14
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Article 15
Internal Taxation Article 16
Customs Unions, Free Trade Areas and Frontier Trade Article 17
Structural Adjustment Article 18
Anti-Dumping Measures Article 19
General Safeguards Article 20
Re-export and Serious Shortage Article 21
State Monopolies Article 22
Procedure for the Application of Safeguard Measures Article 23
General Exceptions Article 24
Rules of Origin and Co-operation in Customs Administration Article 25 and Protocol B
Payments Article 26
Rules of Competition Between Undertakings, State Aid Article 27
Balance of Payments Difficulties Article 28
Intellectual Property Rights Article 29
Public Procurement Article 30
The Joint Committee Article 31Procedures of the Joint Committee Article 32
Security Exceptions Article 33
Fulfillment of Obligations Article 34
Evolutionary Clause Article 35
Amendments Article 36
Protocols and Annexes Article 37
Validity and Withdrawal Article 38
Entry into Force Article 39
Provisional Application Article 40WT/REG90/3
Page 9
ANNEX III
Imports from Macedonia into Bulgaria
(Thousand US$)
HS
ChapterDescription of Products 1996 1997 1998 1999
1 Live animals 0,114 0 0,393 0,19
2 Meat and meat offal 0 326,02 393,325 0
3 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs 61,278 24,298 40,828 0
4 Dairy produce, eggs, honey, animal products 0 0 385,246 0
5 Animal products, not elsewhere included 0 0 13,995 0
6 Live trees and other plants, bulbs, roots, cut flowers 13,274 3,808 36,953 8,448
7 Edible vegetables 247,922 1,319,454 798,497 310,615
8 Edible fruit and nuts 494,774 671,513 432,924 750,49
9 Coffee, tea, spices 0 5.84 2,79 0
10 Cereals 0 0,478 0 1,986
11 Products of the milling industry 21,156 9,657 0 0
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, miscellaneous grains
etc.24,002 29,482 15,72 6,321
13 Lac, gums, resines, vegetable saps and extracts 0 0 0 0
14 Vegetable products not elsewhere included 0 0 0 0
15 Animal or  vegetable fats and oils 10,428 2,191 0,216 0
16 Preparations of meat, fish etc. 0 8,829 0 0
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 24,109 4,608 59,725 1,444
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 0 1,429 2,888 0,287
19 Preparation of  cereals, flour, starch, milk 1,453 1,235 8,79 0,382
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts 19,548 942,355 159,611 28,369
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 0 50,551 5,2 0
22 Beverages, spirits, vinegar 238,319 472,445 11,206,45 3,513,626
23 Residues and waste from the food industries 16,418 19,845 22,963 1,569
24 Tobacco 1,066,906 532,876 100,708 0
25 Salt, sulphur,  earths, stone, cement, etc. 307,61 333,83 622,119 849,046
26 Ores, slag and ash 7,187,519 1,252,542 8,316,065 10,687,95
27 Mineral fuels, oils etc. 61,332 31,165 10,393 33,65
28 Inorganic chemicals 271,443 464,175 512,692 486,318
29 Organic chemicals 503,215 473,713 278,675 216,995
30 Pharmaceutical products 70,426 75,712 112,338 45,932
31 Fertilisers 16,284 225,027 344,862 77,85
32 Dyes, pigments, paints, varnishes, putty, inks, etc. 29,245 210,069 154,317 105,759
33 Essential oils, perfumery etc. 8,139 0 36,661 29,177
34 Soap, washing preparations , lubricating preparations
etc.76,939 0,73 17,757 13,799
35 Albuminoidal substances, starches, glues, enzymes 90,762 11,261 0,88 1,748
36 Explosives, pirotechnic products, matches 22,523 2,125 87,5 92,464
37 Photographic of cinematographic goods 0 2,932 1,949 0,551
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 51,268 105,56 118,685 167,003
39 Plastics and articles thereof 1,182,843 788,525 466,056 478,406
40 Rubber and articles thereof 345,226 109,579 47,41 42,156
41 Raw hides and skins, leather 345,032 373,851 60,548 124,751WT/REG90/3
Page 10
HS
ChapterDescription of Products 1996 1997 1998 1999
42 Articles of leather, saddlery, travel goods, handbags,
etc.0,72 1,463 0,373 0
43 Furskins and artificial fur 84,68 0 0 0
44 Wood and articles of wood 344,954 1,821,594 1,188,911 14,46
45 Cork and articles of cork 0 0 15,196 11,2
46 Manufactures of straw, basketware and wickerwork 0 0 0 0
47 Pulp of wood, waste and scrap of paper 58,894 126,669 28,048 0
48 Paper and paperboard, articles thereof 484,91 209,677 298,404 222,155
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures etc. 7,691 2,536 0,132 0,21
50 Silk 0 0 0 0
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair etc. 156,235 1,932,913 1,001,12 513,448
52 Cotton 80,24 8,099 21,848 111,857
53 Other vegetable textile fibres, paper yarn etc. 7,259 0 2,102 0
54 Man-made filaments 157,309 99,701 17,043 90,119
55 Man-made staple fibres 2,859,874 3,022,857 970,512 606,888
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens, special yarns, twine etc. 8,775 0 4,926 0
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 0 10,039 0 0
58 Special woven fabrics, lace tapestri es, trimmings etc. 8,292 36,648 15,975 4,142
59 Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated textile
fabrics194,632 72,254 62,753 14,764
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 2,099 4,283 14,516 3,804
61 Articles of apparel, accessories, knitted or crocheted 29,345 66,111 4,687 247,858
62 Articles of apparel, accessories, not knitted or
crocheted64,298 44,006 52,022 1,582
63 Other made-up textile articles, worn clothing etc. 26,406 44,13 20,759 0
64 Footwear, gaiters, parts thereof 81,316 124,182 185,606 46,454
65 Headgear, parts thereof 0 0 0 0
66 Umbrellas, sun, umbrellas, walking sticks etc. 0 0 0 0
67 Prepared feathers and down, articles thereof etc. 0,165 0,106 0 0
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, etc. 229,811 2,404,627 765,615 259,383
69 Ceramic products 265,841 136,544 188,802 33,599
70 Glass and glassware 244,202 581,165 388,02 61,907
71 Pearls, precious stones, metals, articles thereof etc. 0 0 0
72 Iron and steel 3,873,864 3,236,642 3,996,886 1,949,282
73 Articles of iron or steel 153,137 120,016 233,741 113,737
74 Copper and articles thereof 3,960,663 1,370,517 1,273,013 586,949
75 Nickel and articles thereof 2,981 0 6,337 0
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 2,929,207 1,154,898 837,324 185,682
78 Lead and articles thereof 98,598 3,96 101,267 0
79 Zinc and articles thereof 365,279 161,851 584,765 18,04
80 Tin and articles thereof 0 0 0 0
81 Other base metals, cermets, articles thereof 279,153 0 0 2,246
82 Tools, implements, cutlery of base metal, parts thereof 0,2 1,02 14,184 1,393
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 46,744 20,287 17,508 18,792
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, appliances etc. 567,435 197,901 352,27 744,558
85 Electrical machinery and equipment, parts thereof 447,102 479,493 193,707 118,174
86 Railway of tramway locomotives, rolling-stock, parts
thereof3,353 0 122,794 89,639WT/REG90/3
Page 11
HS
ChapterDescription of Products 1996 1997 1998 1999
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock 332,007 160,239 332,361 63,183
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, parts thereof 8,566 0 0 0
89 Ships, boats, floating structures 0 0 17,778 0
90 Optical, photographic etc., instruments and apparatus 18,701 11,737 38,558 24,361
91 Clocks and watches, parts thereof 0 0 0 0
92 Musical instruments, parts and accessories thereof 0 0 0 0
93 Arms and ammunition, parts and accessories thereof 0 4 4,109 0
94 Furniture, bedding, mattresses, lamps etc. 267,806 40,131 39,011 14,683
95 Toys, games, sports requisites, parts thereof 27 5,173 99,882 6,905
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 27,117 2,103 21,466 0,086
97 Works of art, collectors pieces and antiques 0 0 0 1,039
TOTAL 31,616.37 26,607.28 38,410.46 24,259.87
Imports from Bulgaria into Macedonia
(Thousand US$)
HS
ChapterDescription of Products 1996 1997 1998 1999
1 Live animals 15 1 7 73
2 Meat and meat offal 1,238 112 18 22
3 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs 816 668 336 115
4 Dairy produce, eggs, honey, animal products 697 564 243 259
5 Animal products, not elsewhere included 1 13 24 24
6 Live trees and other plants, bulbs, roots, cut flowers 50 24 8 10
7 Edible vegetables 272 164 65 266
8 Edible fruit and nuts 312 61 22 48
9 Coffee, tea, spices 17 121 14 57
10 Cereals 0 0 168 962
11 Products of the milling industry 161 151 90 246
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, miscellaneous grains
etc.724 341 118 104
13 Lac, gums, resines, vegetable saps and extracts 0 2 1 0
14 Vegetable products not elsewhere included 3 1 0 0
15 Animal or  vegetable fats and oils 594 1,684 356 4,837
16 Preparations of meat, fish etc. 39 10 0 346
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 6,347 591 519 3,190
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 90 166 31 23
19 Preparation of  cereals, flour, starch, milk 181 442 255 395
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts 853 654 489 135
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 11 134 156 168
22 Beverages, spirits, vinegar 629 250 289 542
23 Residues and waste from the food industries 507 417 268 475
24 Tobacco 0 39 0 0
25 Salt, sulphur,  earths, stone, cement, etc. 1,502 1,910 1,547 1,724
26 Ores, slag and ash 341 167 849 8WT/REG90/3
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HS
ChapterDescription of Products 1996 1997 1998 1999
27 Mineral fuels, oils etc. 8,956 10,630 4,071 3,280
28 Inorganic chemicals 2,688 2,548 1,925 2,743
29 Organic chemicals 7,759 12,265 3,816 3,086
30 Pharmaceutical products 466 356 119 137
31 Fertilisers 9,038 6,214 8,347 5,526
32 Dyes, pigments, paints, varnishes, putty, inks, etc. 224 152 205 143
33 Essential oils, perfumery etc. 45 49 67 162
34 Soap, washing preparations , lubricating preparations
etc.303 61 281 53
35 Albuminoidal substances, starches, glues, enzymes 22 36 109 60
36 Explosives, pirotechnic products, matches 283 59 76 57
37 Photographic of cinematographic goods 94 48 73 211
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 438 372 447 403
39 Plastics and articles thereof 5,844 4,799 6,174 7,309
40 Rubber and articles thereof 1,535 840 550 717
41 Raw hides and skins, leather 218 59 133 127
42 Articles of leather, saddlery, travel goods, handbags,
etc.19 4 14 10
43 Furskins and artificial fur 0 0 0 0
44 Wood and articles of wood 6,680 5,553 6,548 10,521
45 Cork and articles of cork 6 8 38 172
46 Manufactures of straw, basketware and wickerwork 0 0 0 0
47 Pulp of wood, waste and scrap of paper 184 14 506 494
48 Paper and paperboard, artic les thereof 5,339 2,986 3,403 2,914
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures etc. 375 175 60 19
50 Silk 0 0 0 0
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair etc. 45 68 6 0
52 Cotton 3,040 4,667 2,306 1,320
53 Other vegetable textile fibres, paper yarn etc. 10 13 1 8
54 Man-made filaments 477 578 571 333
55 Man-made staple fibres 1,941 1,194 527 628
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens, special yarns, twine etc. 231 259 316 451
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 341 49 38 30
58 Special woven fabrics, lace ta pestries, trimmings etc. 103 63 37 125
59 Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated textile
fabrics318 268 179 146
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 1 6 1 0
61 Articles of apparel, accessories, knitted or crocheted 6 279 5 67
62 Articles of apparel, accessories, not knitted or
crocheted180 270 115 104
63 Other made-up textile articles, worn clothing etc. 216 156 47 188
64 Footwear, gaiters, parts thereof 112 221 206 87
65 Headgear, parts thereof 0 0 0 11
66 Umbrellas, sun, umbrellas, walking sticks etc. 2 0 0 0
67 Prepared feathers and down, articles thereof etc. 0 0 0 0
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, etc. 833 958 858 960WT/REG90/3
Page 13
HS
ChapterDescription of Products 1996 1997 1998 1999
69 Ceramic products 120 83 53 94
70 Glass and glassware 1,785 1,773 2,243 2,839
71 Pearls, precious stones, metals, articles thereof etc. 6 0 2 0
72 Iron and steel 14,743 19,684 18,408 14,630
73 Articles of iron or steel 3,789 3,121 2,259 2,476
74 Copper and articles thereof 2,990 38 849 397
75 Nickel and articles thereof 0 0 0 0
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 1,592 1,451 2,113 1,509
78 Lead and articles thereof 6 158 0 0
79 Zinc and articles thereof 147 44 0 29
80 Tin and articles thereof 4 0 0 0
81 Other base metals, cermets, articles thereof 0 0 61 2
82 Tools, implements, cutlery of base metal, parts thereof 82 91 77 54
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 309 227 239 137
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, appliances etc. 3,219 2,565 2,185 3,436
85 Electrical machinery and equipment, parts thereof 2,058 2,650 851 1,138
86 Railway of tramway locomotives, rolling-stock, parts
thereof151 142 85 33
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock 548 275 364 393
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, parts thereof 0 2 0 0
89 Ships, boats, floating structures 9 5 0 0
90 Optical, photographic etc., instruments and apparatus 242 162 70 161
91 Clocks and watches, parts thereof 2 0 0 0
92 Musical instruments, parts and accessories thereof 1 0 4 0
93 Arms and ammunition, parts and accessories thereof 0 0 19 0
94 Furniture, bedding, mattresses, lamps etc. 421 348 382 919
95 Toys, games, sports requisites, parts thereof 78 39 15 97
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 194 42 38 38
97 Works of art, collectors pieces and antiques 1,184 1,152 7,904 6,306
TOTAL 107,545 99,018 86,284 91,319
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