WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
27 November 2003
(03-6302)
Working Group on the Interaction
between Trade and Competition Policy
OVERVIEW OF MEMBERS' NATIONAL COMPETITION LEGISLATION
Note by the Secretariat
Revision
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
1. This document is a revision of document WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.2, dated 4 July 2001.  It
has been prepared at the request of the Working Group at its meeting on 20-21 February 2003
(WT/WGTCP/M/21, paragraph 136), re-affirmed at the Working Group's meeting of 26-27 May 2003
(WT/WGTCP/M/22, paragraph 132).  Like the previous version, the document aims to summarize, in
tabular form, basic information regarding the cont ent of the national competition laws and the
enforcement regimes of the Members and observers that are included in the attached table.  The
current version takes account of additional information provided by a number of delegations
subsequent to the issuance of the previous version.  In total, the document now includes information
on the competition laws and enforcement regimes of 55 WTO Members and observers.
2. The attached table uses the same set of categories to classify the various Members' and
observers' competition laws and enforcement regimes as was used in the previous versions.  With
regard to the content of national laws, it indicates whether the law includes provisions on horizontal
restraints (cartels), vertical market restraints, abuse of a dominant position or monopolization, and
mergers.  Regarding national enforcement regime s, the table specifies the agency or agencies
responsible for administering the law and indicates whether the agency also engages in competition
advocacy activities, whether a right of action to enforce the law is available to private parties at least
in particular circumstances, and whether criminal penalties are potentially available under the relevant
law.  One new feature is that the attached table also lists the websites of the relevant national
authorities where this information is available.  Additional information on the relevant Members' and
observers' laws is available from the websites.
3. As was done in the previous versions of the document, a number of limitations relating to the
approach used in preparing the current version shou ld be noted.  First, it has been prepared on the
basis of information provided by Members and observers in their written and oral submissions to the
Working Group and other information provided directly to the Secretariat.  As a result, the documentThis document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own
responsibility and without prejudice to the positions of Members
and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 2
does not incorporate information on the competition regimes of Members and observers that have not
provided the relevant information concerning their national regimes.  It should not, therefore, be
regarded as a comprehensive compilation of all WTO Members and observers having competition
regimes.
4. Second, as was noted by delegations at the Working Group's meeting of 19-20 April 1999
(WT/WGTCP/M/8, paragraphs 106 and 107), the coverage of the document is limited to a stocktaking
of national competition legislation, as such.  It does not, therefore, cover national competition policy
regimes that do not embody such legislation.  The view has been expressed in the Working Group that
a national competition policy can exist without a competition law,1 and two examples of such policies
that rely on instruments other than competition legislation (e.g., a high degree of market openness
supplemented by sectoral rules and other instruments, where necessary) have been presented in the
Group.2
5. Third, the attached overview clearly represents a "broad-brush" approach to the description of
national legislation.  Consistent with the direction given by Members, it simply notes whether
particular types of conduct (e.g., horizontal or vertical restraints) are addressed under the respective
national laws, and provides related information on the title of the law, the agency responsible for
administering it, the availability of criminal penalties and private actions to enforce the law, etc.  Infact, each of the categories included in the table could, in principle, be the subject of a series of
sub-categories relating to issues such as whether a per se  or rule-of-reason approach is employed in
respect of a particular type of conduct, what factor s are considered in applying the relevant statutory
provisions, whether private actions or criminal penalties are available in respect of some types of
competition law offences but not others, etc.
6. Fourth, the attached overview does not delve into the matter of exceptions and exemptions
from national competition laws.  Information on exceptions and exemptions from national
competition laws is available in a separate note prepared for the Working Group
(WT/WGTCP/W/172).
7. With regard to notation, the attached table simply notes, with a check-mark ( /g252), if, according
to the information provided, a particular matter is addressed in a Member's competition law.  It does
not distinguish between situations where the element in question is generally applicable or only
partially so (i.e., in a subset of situations).
                                                     
1 WT/WGTCP/2, paragraph 46.
2 See WT/WGTCP/W/53 and WT/WGTCP/W/141 (overview of national competition policy of Hong Kong,
China), WT/WGTCP/M/3, paragraph 42 (presentation of natio nal competition policy of Hong Kong, China in the Working
Group) and WT/WGTCP/M/3, paragraph 48 (presentation of national competition policy of Singapore).WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 3ATTACHMENT
OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL COMPETITION LEGISLATION
Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Argentina Law 25.156 (1999)
modified by Decrees
No. 89/2001 and No.
396/2001/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Comisión
Nacional de la
Defesa de la
Competenciawww.mecon.gov.ar/
cndc/home.htm
Australia Trade Practices Act
(1974)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Australian
Competition and
Consumer
Commission(ACCC)/g252/g252 www.accc.gov.au
Austria Austrian Cartel Act
(Kartellgesetz,
BGB1 600/1988);most recent revisionBGB1 I Nr 33/2003
Competition Act
(Wettbewerbsgesetz,
BGB1 I Nr 62/2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Cartel Court
Federal
Competition
Authority/g252
/g252/g252/g252
www.bwb.gv.at/BWB/
default.htm
                                                     
3 Competition advocacy refers to activities undertaken by staff of a competition agency or related authority to influence the de sign and/or implementation of government policies,
legislation or administrative actions that affect competition.
4 It is assumed that all national competition laws provide for th e application of civil or administrative remedies;  therefore, these are not specifically noted.
5 Some national laws address vertical restraints through broad provisions dealing with "restr aints on free competition", "agreem ents in restraint of trade" or related conduct.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 4Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Belgium Competition Law
(1993, major
amendments in
1999)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Price and
Competition
Division of the
CompetitionCouncil at theFederal Public
Service for
Economy, SME'sand Energy/g252 www.mineco.fgov.be/
organization_market/
competition/home_en.
htm
Bolivia Law on Competition
and Consumer
Protection (proposedlegislation not yetapproved byCongress)
6/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Vice-Ministry of
Industry,
Commerce andExport
Brazil Law 8.884 (1962,
amended in 1990,revised in 1994)
Law 8.137 (1990)Law 9.021 (1995)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 CADE
(AdministrativeCouncil forEconomic
Defense)
SDE (Secretariat
for EconomicLaw at theMinistry of
Justice )
SEAE
(Secretariat forEconomicMonitoring at theMinistry of
Finance)/g252 www.cade.gov.br/
http://www.mj.gov.br/
www.fazenda.gov.br/
seae/
                                                     
6 Various sectoral regulations are in place.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 5Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Canada Competition Act
(1986, last amended
in 2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Commissioner of
Competition
(supported by the
staff of theCompetitionBureau)/g252/g252 /g252 www.competition.ic.gc.
ca
Chile Decree Law No. 211
(1973, last amendedin 2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 National
EconomicProsecutor'sOffice
Resolutory
Commission
Central and
Regional
PreventativeCommissions
Fiscalía Nacional
Económica/g252 /g252
7/g252 www.minecon.cl
www.fne.cl
China Law for Countering
Unfair Competition
(1993)/g252/g252 State
Administration
for  Industry and
Commerce(SAIC)
8www.saic.gov.cn
Chinese
TaipeiFair Trade Law
(1992, last amended
in 2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Fair Trade
Commission/g252/g252 /g252 www.ftc.gov.tw
                                                     
7 Private parties may appeal the resolutions of the Resolutory Commission before the Supreme Court.
8 Supported by regional bodies.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 6Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Colombia Decree 2153 (1992,
last amended in
2003)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Office for the
Promotion of
Competition/g252 www.sic.gov.co
Costa Rica Law No. 7472 on
the Promotion ofCompetition and
Effective Consumer
Protection (1994)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Comisión para la
Promoción de laCompetencia
(Ministerio de
Economía,Industria yComercio)/g252/g252 /g252
9www.meic.go.cr/esp/
promocion/index.html
Croatia Law on the
Protection of MarketCompetition (1995)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Agency for the
Protection ofMarketCompetition
Council for the
Protection of
Market
Competition/g252
10www.crocompet.hr
Czech
RepublicAct on the Protection
of Competition
(Act No. 143/2001)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Office for the
Protection of
Competition/g252/g252 www.compet.cz
                                                     
9 Pursuant to Article 65 of Law No 7472, failure to observe, or comply with, decisions or orders issued by the Commission for Pr omotion of Competition in its areas of competence, within
the time limits determined by it, shall be deemed a criminal offence under Article 305 of the Criminal Code.
10 Especially through the Council for the Protection of Competition.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 7Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Cyprus Protection of
Competition Law
No. 207/89 and its 4
subsequentmodifications basedon Articles 81, 82
and 86 of the EC
Treaty
12 block exemptions
as in the EuropeanUnion
Merger Control Law
No. 22(I)/99 and its
3 subsequent
modifications basedon EC RegulationsNos 4064/89 and
1310/97/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition and
Consumer
Protection
Division of theMinistry ofCommerce,
Industry and
Tourism
Commission for
the Protection ofCompetition/g252/g252 /g252 www.competition.gov.
cy
Denmark Competition Act No.
384 (June 1997)amended by Act No.
416 (May 2000) and
Act No. 426(June 2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Council
Competition
Authority/g252 /g252
11www.ks.dk
                                                     
11 Only vis-à-vis  the abuse of dominant position.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 8Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
EuropeanCommunitiesRelevant provisions
of the Treaty of
Rome (especially
Articles 81 and 82)
12
Council Regulation1/2003
13
the MergerRegulation 4064/89(amended by
Regulation
1310/97)
14
CommissionRegulation 447/98/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Directorate-
General of the
EuropeanCommission/g252/g252 europa.eu.int/comm/
competition/
index_en.html
Finland Act on Competition
Restrictions
(480/1992), amended
by 447 and448/1994, 600 and908/1995, 303 and
576/1998, 91 and
623/1999, and 1512and 1529/2001/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Finnish
Competition
Authority/g252/g252 /g252 www.kilpailuvirasto.fi/
cgi-bin/english.cgi
                                                     
12  In parallel to the provisions of the Treaty of Rome, each EC Member state has its own national competition legislation.
13 To be applied as of 1.5.2004.
14 The competition law of the European Community also includes prov isions on state aids  granted by national governments (Articles  87-89 of the Treaty of Rome).WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 9Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
France Code de Commerce,
titles II-IV/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Conseil de la
Concurrence
Direction
Générale de la
Concurrence, de
la Consommationet de laRépression des
Fraudes
(DGCCRF)/g252/g252 /g252 www.conseil-
concurrence.fr
www.finances.gouv.fr/
DGCCRF
Georgia Law on
Monopolistic
Activity and
Competition (1996)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 State
Antimonopoly
Service
(under the
Ministry ofEconomy,Industry and
Trade)/g252/g252
Germany German Act against
Restraints ofCompetition (ARC),
last amended 1999./g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Bundeskartellamt /g252/g252 /g252
15www.bundeskartellamt.
de
Greece Law 703/77 on the
Control ofMonopolies and
Oligopolies and
Protection of FreeCompetition (lastamended in 2000)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Hellenic
CompetitionCommission/g252/g252 www.epant.gr
                                                     
15 Only for collusive tendering.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 10Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Hungary Act LVII of 1996 on
the Prohibition of
Unfair and
Restrictive MarketPractices (lastamended in 2003)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Gazdasági
Versenyhivatal
(Office of
EconomicCompetition)/g252/g252 www.gvh.hu
India Competition Act
2002/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Commission ofIndia/g252
16
Indonesia Act No. 5/1999 on
Prohibition ofMonopoly Practice
and Unhealthy
BusinessCompetition./g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Commission for
the Supervisionof Business
Competition
(KPPU)/g252 /g252
17www.kppu.or.id
Ireland Competition Act
(2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Irish Competition
Authority/g252/g252 /g252 www.tca.ie
Italy Competition and Fair
Trading Act (No.287, 1990)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Autorità Garante
dellaConcorrenza e del
Mercato/g252/g252 www.agcm.it
                                                     
16 There are no criminal penalties for competition law violations, but these are provided for contempt of court for not implement ing decisions of the Competition Commission.
17 Private parties, must, as a first step submit the case to the Commission.  After the decision from the Commission, private par ties can submit objection to that decision to the district court
within a certain period of time.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 11Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Japan Anti-monopoly Act
(Act No. 54 of 1947,
as amended by
subsequent acts)
Act against
UnjustifiablePremiums andMisleading
Representations (Act
No. 134 of May 15,1962, last amendedin 2003)
Act against Delay in
Payment of
SubcontractProceeds, etc. toSubcontractors (Act
No. 120 of June 1,
1956, last amendedin 2003)
Act concerning the
elimination andprevention of
involvement in bid
rigging (Act No. 101of 2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Japanese Fair
Trade
Commission
(JFTC)/g252/g252 /g252 www.jftc.go.jp
(Japanese)
www2.jftc.go.jp/
e-page/
(English)
Kenya Restrictive Trade
Practices,
Monopolies andPrice Control Act(1989)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Monopoly and
Prices
Commission/g252/g252 www.treasury.go.ke/
monopolies.html
Korea Monopoly
Regulation and FairTrade Act (1980, lastamended in 2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Fair Trade
Commission(KFTC)/g252/g252 /g252 www.ftc.go.krWT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 12Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Luxembourg Competition Law
(1970)
Harmonisation with
EC Articles 81 and
82, (ex 85 and 86),
(1972, modified in1993 and 2003)
Law regulating
Concentrations
between enterprises,
4064/89 (1989)/g252/g252 /g252 Direction de la
Concurrence et de
Protection des
Consommateursdu Ministère del'Economie
Commission des
Pratiques
Commerciales
Restrictives/g252/g252 www.eco.public.lu/
activites/direction_
concurrence/index.html
Mexico Federal Law on
Economic
Competition (1993)
Code of Regulations
to the Federal Law
on EconomicCompetition(1998)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Federal
Competition
Commission/g252 /g252
18www.cfc.gob.mx
Morocco The Law on the
Freedom of Prices
and Competition(1999)/g252/g252 /g252 Conseil de la
Concurrence/g252
Netherlands Dutch Competition
Act (1998)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Netherlands
Competition
Authority/g25219www.nmanet.nl/en/
default.asp
New Zealand Commerce Act 1986
(amended in 2001)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Commerce
Commission20/g252 www.comcom.govt.nz
                                                     
18 The Federal Competition Commission (FCC) may refer certain violations of the Federal Law on Economic Competition to the Public Prosecutor for consideration of criminal charges
against the responsible individuals.  This option applies in cases involving (i) monopolistic practices that severely affect th e market for necessary goods;  (ii) the provision of false information to the
FCC;  and (iii) failure to comply with an FCC final resolutio n regarding which all appellate procedures have been exhausted.
19 The national competition legislation does not provide for indivi dual right of action but individuals can bring a case to a cou rt, using other civil law in combination with the Competition
Act.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 13Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Norway Competition Act
(1993)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Authority/g252/g252 /g252 www.konkurransetil
synet.no
Pakistan Monopolies and
Restrictive TradePractices (Controland Prevention)
Ordinance (1970,
last amended in2002)
Islamabad Consumer
Protection Act(1995)
Consumer Protection
Act (1997) –
promulgated inNorthwest FrontierProvince
21/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Monopoly
Control Authority
Consumer
Protection
Council,Islamabad (to beconstituted)/g252
Peru Legislative Decree
No. 701 (1991)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 INDECOPI
(NationalInstitute for theDefense of
Competition and
the Protection ofIntellectualProperty)
The Commission
on Free
Competition/g252/g252 www.indecopi.gob.pe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20 Other government agencies in New Zealand are responsible for competition advo cacy.
21 Pakistan legislation also includes a number of sector-specifi c acts to address competition issues, each establishing a relevan t authority for regulatory enforcement.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 14Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Poland Act of 15 December
2000 on Competition
and Consumer
Protection/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Office for
Competition and
Consumer
Protection/g252/g252 www.uokik.gov.pl
Portugal Law No. 18 of 2003
and Decree-Law No.
10/2003/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Autoridade da
Concorrência
(Competition
Authority)/g252/g252 www.autoridadeda
concorrencia.pt
Romania Law on Competition
21/1996/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Council
Competition
Office/g252/g252 /g252 www.competition.ro
www.oficiul
concurentei.roWT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 15Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
RussianFederationLaw No 948-1 of
22.03.1991 on
Competition and
Restriction ofMonopoly Activityon Commodity
Markets
Federal Law No
147-FZ of
17.08.1995 onNatural Monopolies
Federal Law No
117-FZ of
23.06.1999 on
Protection ofCompetition in theFinancial Services
Market
Federal Law No 88-
FZ if 14.06.1995 on
State Support forSmall Business inthe Russian
Federation/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Ministry of the
Russian
Federation for
AntimonopolyPolicy andSupport of
Entrepreneurship
Office of Public
Prosecutor
Federal Energetic
Commission/g252/g252 /g252 www.maprf.ru
Slovak
RepublicAct No.136 of 2001
on Protection ofCompetition/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Antimonopoly
office/g252/g252 /g252 www.antimon.gov.sk
Slovenia Prevention of the
Restriction ofCompetition Act(1999)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Office for
Protection ofCompetition/g252/g252 www.sigov.si/uvkWT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 16Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
South Africa Competition Act 89
of 1998 (last
amended in 2000)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Commission
Competition
Tribunal
Competition
Appeal Court/g252/g252 /g252 www.compcom.co.za
www.comptrib.co.za
www.comptrib.co.za/
CAC/appeal_court.htm
Spain Law 16/1989 on the
Defence ofCompetition Act
(last amended in
2003)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Servicio de
Defensa de laCompetencia
(SDC)
Tribunal de
Defensa de laCompetencia(TDC)
Council of
Ministers
22/g252/g252 www.mineco.es/dgdc/
sdc/
www.tdcompetencia.
org
Sweden Competition Act
(1993, last amendedin 2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Authority/g252/g252 www.kkv.se
Switzerland Federal Act on
Cartels and Other
Restraints ofCompetition (1995)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Commission
Competition
AppealsCommission
Federal Council
23/g252/g252 /g252 www.weko.ch
www.reko.admin.ch
www.admin.ch
Tanzania Fair Competition Act
(2001)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Fair Competition
Commission
                                                     
22 Decision-making in merger-control
23 The Federal Council has the competence to allow under exceptional circumstances agreements, unlawful behaviour of enterprises having a dominant position as well as forbidden
mergers.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 17Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
Thailand Business
Competition Act
(1999)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Commission/g252/g252 /g252 www.dit.go.th
Turkey Law No. 4054
(1994)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Competition
Authority/g252/g252 www.rekabet.gov.tr
Ukraine Law on the
Protection of
Economic
Competition (2001)
Law on the
Protection AgainstUnfair Competition
(1996)
Law on
Antimonopoly
Committee ofUkraine (1993)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Antimonopoly
Committee/g252/g252 /g252
24www.amc.gov.ua
United
KingdomFair Trading Act
(1973),
Competition Act
(1998)
Enterprise Act
(2002)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Office of Fair
Trading
Competition
Commission
Competition
Appeals Tribunal/g252/g252 /g252 www.oft.gov.uk
www.competition-
commission.org.uk
www.catribunal.org.uk
                                                     
24 Criminal penalties for forcing into anticompetitive agreed actions, which are forbidden according to the Law on Protection of E conomic Competition, are envisaged in the Criminal code
of Ukraine.WT/WGTCP/W/128/Rev.3
Page 18Competition law includes provisions on: Member /
observerNational
competition lawHorizontal
restraints
(cartels)Vertical
restraints5Abuse of
dominant
position or
monopolizationMergersAgency
responsible for
administering
the lawAgency
engages in
competition
advocacy
activities?3Right of
action
before a
court
available to
private
parties?Criminal
penalties?4National website
United Statesof AmericaSherman Act (1890)
Clayton Act (1914)FTC Act (1914)Robinson-Patman
Act (1936)
Hart-Scott-Rodino
Act (1976)
National
Cooperative
Research and
Production Act(1984, 1992)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Antitrust Division
of the Department
of Justice
Federal Trade
Commission/g252/g252 /g252 www.usdoj.gov/atr
www.ftc.gov
Venezuela Law on the
Promotion and
Protection of FreeCompetition (Pro-Competition Law,
1992)/g252/g252 /g252 /g252 Superintendency
for the Promotion
and Protection ofFree Competition(Pro-
Competencia)/g252 www.procompetencia.
gov.ve
__________