APPENDIX TABLES European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 145 
 
 
Table AI.1 
Destination of EC exportsa, 1998-02 
(US$ billion and per cent) 
Description 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total exports 822.2 810.1 870.1 882.5 938.1 
  (Per cent) 
  America 31.0 32.7 33.2 32.8 31.8 
    United States 21.7 23.8 24.4 24.1 23.9 
    Canada 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 
    Other America 7.3 6.7 6.6 6.5 5.7 
      Brazil 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 
      Mexico 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 
            
  Europe 31.8 30.3 30.0 30.4 31.5 
    EFTA 11.3 11.4 10.3 10.3 9.8 
      Switzerland 7.8 8.2 7.5 7.5 7.1 
      Norway 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 
    Eastern Europe 15.2 14.0 14.2 15.7 16.7 
      Poland 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 
      Czech Republic 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 
      Hungary 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 
      Former USSR 4.8 3.5 3.7 4.7 5.1 
         Russian Federation 2.8 1.9 2.1 2.8 3.0 
    Other Europe 5.4 5.0 5.5 4.4 5.0 
      Turkey 2.9 2.6 3.1 2.0 2.4 
            
  Asia 24.4 24.5 25.2 25.2 24.9 
    Middle East 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.9 
      Saudi Arabia 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 
      United Arab Emirates 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 
      Israel 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 
    East Asia 15.8 16.1 16.9 16.8 16.4 
      Japan 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.2 
      China (P.R.) 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.4 
      Hong Kong, China 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 
      Korea, Rep. of 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 
      Singapore 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 
    South Asia 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.7 
      India 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 
            
  Oceania 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 
      Australia 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 
            
  Africa 7.8 7.3 6.8 6.9 6.8 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 
    Other Africa 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.5 
            
  Other 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 
a The data are on extra-EC exports. 
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations, based on Eurostat data. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 146 
 
 
Table AI.2 
Origin of EC importsa, 1998-02 
(US$ billion and per cent) 
Description 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total imports 796.6 831.1 954.5 920.7 933.3 
  (Per cent) 
  America 28.4 27.4 26.0 25.9 24.5 
    United States 21.1 20.4 19.0 18.9 17.5 
    Canada 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 
    Other America 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 
      Brazil 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 
            
  Europe 26.2 26.4 26.4 28.2 30.3 
    EFTA 10.7 10.5 10.1 10.0 10.1 
      Norway 3.6 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.9 
      Switzerland 6.9 6.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 
    Eastern Europe 12.2 12.7 13.4 14.9 16.5 
      Poland 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.8 
      Czech Republic 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.8 
      Hungary 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.6 
      Former USSR 4.0 4.2 5.2 5.4 5.9 
         Russian Federation 2.7 2.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 
    Other Europe 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.6 
      Turkey 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.2 
            
  Asia 34.1 34.7 34.6 32.6 33.0 
    Middle East 3.4 4.0 5.0 4.4 4.1 
      Saudi Arabia 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.2 
    East Asia 28.5 28.6 27.6 26.2 26.9 
      China (P.R.) 5.9 6.3 6.8 7.3 8.3 
      Japan 9.2 9.2 8.4 7.4 6.9 
      Korea, Rep. of 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.3 
      Chinese Taipei 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.1 
      Malaysia 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5 
      Singapore 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.3 
      Thailand 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 
    South Asia 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 
      India 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 
            
  Oceania 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 
            
  Africa 7.2 7.0 7.7 8.0 7.7 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 
    Other Africa 4.6 4.7 5.4 5.5 5.3 
      South Africa 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 
      Algeria 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.1 
            
  Other 2.7 3.3 4.2 4.1 3.3 
a The data are on extra-EC imports. 
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations, based on Eurostat data. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 147 
 
 
Table AI.3 
Structure of EC exportsa, 1998-02a 
(US$ billion and per cent) 
Description 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total exports 822.2 810.1 870.1 882.5 938.1 
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 11.0 11.0 11.8 10.9 11.1 
   Agriculture 7.5 7.3 6.8 6.6 6.8 
      Food 6.4 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.6 
      Agricultural raw material 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 
   Mining 3.5 3.7 5.0 4.3 4.3 
      Ores and other minerals 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 
      Non-ferrous metals 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 
      Fuels 1.9 2.2 3.2 2.6 2.7 
         3330 Crude petroleum 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 
            
Manufactures 86.6 86.2 85.8 86.8 86.6 
   Iron and steel 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 
   Chemicals 13.1 14.0 13.8 14.5 15.4 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.6 3.1 
         5157 Oth.heterocycl.comp.nucl 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 
   Other semi-manufactures 9.1 9.2 9.0 8.9 9.2 
         6672 Diamonds.excl.industrial 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 
   Machinery and transport equipmentb 47.1 46.3 46.6 46.8 45.5 
      Power generating machines 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.3 2.9 
         7149 Parts,jet,gasturbine eng 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 
         7144 Reaction engines 0.7 0. 8 0.8 0.9 0.7 
      Other non-electrical machinery 13.7 12.4 11.6 12.0 12.2 
         7284 Mach.appl.spcl indus nes 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 
      Office machines & telecommun ication equipment 8.7 9.4 10.7 9.8 8.4 
         7764 Electronic microcircuits 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.5 
         7599 Parts,data proc. etc.mch 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 
         7643 TV,radio tr ansmittrs etc 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 
         7649 Parts,telecommun. equipt 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.0 
         7641 Line telephone  etc.equip 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 
      Other electrical machines 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 
         7725 Switch.apparatus,<1000v 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 
      Automotive products 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.9 10.8 
         7812 Pass.transport vehicles 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.7 6.4 
         7843 Other parts,motor vehicl 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 
         7132 Intrnl comb.engine vehcl 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 
      Other transport equipment 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.4 5.9 
         7924 Aircrft etc.ULW >15000kg 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 
         7932 Ships,boats,othr.vessels 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 
   Textiles 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 
   Clothing 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 
   Other consumer goods 10.2 10.3 10.1 10.3 10.3 
         8722 Othr.medical instruments 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 
            
Other 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.3 
         9310 Special trans not classd 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 
   Gold 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 
a Data are on extra-EC exports. 
b The share of machinery and transport equipment is higher than the sum of the share of its components due to discrepencies in the 
 data. 
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations, base d on Eurostat data (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 148 
 
 
Table AI.4 
Structure of EC importsa, 1998-02a 
(US$ billion and per cent) 
Description 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total imports 796.6 831.1 954.5 920.7 933.3 
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 24.2 23.8 27.1 26.8 26.5 
   Agriculture 10.9 9.8 8.4 8.7 9.0 
      Food 8.1 7.4 6.0 6.5 6.8 
      Agricultural raw material 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 
   Mining 13.2 14.0 18.6 18.1 17.6 
      Ores and other minerals 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 
      Non-ferrous metals 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.0 
      Fuels 8.7 10.0 14.4 14.1 13.9 
         3432 Natural gas, gaseous 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.6 
         3212 Other coal, not agglomerated 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 
         3330 Crude petroleum 5.1 6.6 10.0 8.9 8.8 
            
Manufactures 72.6 73.3 69.6 70.0 70.3 
   Iron and steel 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 
   Chemicals 7.8 7.6 6.9 7.5 8.2 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.3 
   Other semi-manufactures 6.8 6.9 6.4 6.7 6.7 
         6672 Diamonds.excl.industrial 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 
   Machinery and transport equipment 37.6 39.2 38.2 37.0 36.1 
      Power generating machines 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 
         7149 Parts,jet,gasturbine eng 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 
      Other non-electrical machinery 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.0 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
      Office machines & telecommun ication equipment 14.2 14.7 15.6 14.3 13.2 
         7599 Parts,data proc. etc. mch 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.2 
         7526 Input or output units 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 
         7527 Storage units,data proc. 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 
         7649 Parts,telecommun. equipt 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 
         7638 Sound,video recordng etc 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 
         7643 TV,radio tran smitters etc 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 
         7764 Electronic microcircuits 2.2 2.3 3.2 2.6 2.1 
      Other electrical machines 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.6 4.5 
         7731 Insultd wire,etc.condctr 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 
      Automotive products 5.1 5.5 4.7 4.9 5.5 
         7812 Pass.transport vehicles 3.0 3.3 2.5 2.5 2.8 
         7843 Other parts,motor vehicl 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 
         7132 Intrnl comb.engine vehcl 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 
      Other transport equipment 5.7 6.1 5.4 5.5 5.7 
         7924 Aircrft etc.ULW >15000kg 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.3 
   Textiles 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 
   Clothing 5.8 5.6 5.0 5.2 5.5 
   Other consumer goods 10.6 10.6 9.9 10.3 10.6 
            
Other 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.2 
         9310 Special trans not classd 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.0 
   Gold 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 
         9710 Gold,nonmontry excl ores 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 
a Data are on extra-EC imports. 
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations, base d on Eurostat data (SITC Rev.3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 149 
 
 
Table AII.1 
The EC's regional trade agreements no tified to the WTO, as of May 2004 
GATT/WTO notification 
Agreement  Date of entry 
into force  Date Related provisions Type of  agreement Document series 
EC – Chile 1-Feb-03 18-Feb-04 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG164 
EC – Lebanon 1-Mar-03 4-Jun-03 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG153 
EC – Croatia 1-Mar-02 20-Dec-02 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement 
(interim Agreement) WT/REG142 
EC – Jordan 1-May-02 20-Dec-02 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG141 
EC – Mexico 1-Mar-01 21-Jun-02 GATS Art. V Services agreement WT/REG109 
S/C/N192 
EC – FYROM  1-Jun-01 21-Nov-01 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement 
(interim Agreement) WT/REG129 
EC – South Africa 1-Jan-00 14-Nov-00 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG113 
EC – Morocco 1-Mar-00 8-Nov-00 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG112 
EC – Israel 1-Jun-00 7-Nov-00 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG110 
EC – Mexico 1-Jul-00 1-Aug-00 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG109 
EC – Tunisia 1-Mar-98 23-Mar-99 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG69 
EC – Andorra 1-Jul-91 25-Feb-98 Article XXIV Customs union WT/REG53 
EC – Palestinian 
Authority 1-Jul-97 30-Jun-97 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG43 
EC – Bulgaria 1-Feb-95 25-Apr-97 GATS Art. V Services agreement WT/REG1  
S/C/N/55 
EC – Faroe Islands 1-Jan-97 19-Feb-97 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG21 
EC – Turkey 1-Jan-96 22-Dec-95 Article XXIV Customs union WT/REG22 
EC (Treaty of Rome) 1-Jan-58 10-Nov-95 GATS Art. V Services agreement WT/REG39 
S/C/N/6 
EC accession of 
Austria, Finland and 
Sweden 1-Jan-95 20-Jan-95 Article XXIV Accession to 
customs union WT/REG3 
L/7614/Add.1 
EC accession of Austria, Finland and 
Sweden 1-Jan-95 20-Jan-95 GATS Art. V Accession to 
services agreement WT/REG3 
S/C/N/6 
EC – Bulgaria 31-Dec-93 23-D ec-94 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG1 
EC – Romania 1-May-93 23-Dec-94 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG2 
EC accession of 
Portugal and Spain 1-Jan-86 11-Dec-85 Article XXIV Accession to 
customs union L/5936 
EC accession of 
Greece 1-Jan-81 24-Oct-79 GATT Art. XXIV Accession to 
customs union L/4845 
    Table AII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 150 
 
 
GATT/WTO notification 
Agreement  Date of entry 
into force  Date Related provisions Type of  agreement Document series 
EC – Egypt 1-Jul-77 15-Jul-77 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG98 
EC – Syria 1-Jul-77 15-Jul-77 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG104 
EC – Algeria 1-Jul-76 28-Jul-76 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG105 
EC – Norway 1-Jul-73 13-Jul-73 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG137 
EC – Iceland 1-Apr-73 24-Nov-72 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG95  
EC – Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein 1-Jan-73 27-Oct-72 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG94 
EC accession of 
Denmark, Ireland and 
United Kingdom 1-Jan-73 7-Mar-72 Article XXIV Accession to 
customs union L/3677 
EC – OCTs 1-Jan-71 14-Dec-70 Article XXIV Free trade 
agreement WT/REG106 
EC (Treaty of Rome) 1-Jan-58 24-Apr-57 Article XXIV Customs union L/626 
Source: WTO Secretariat. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 151 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS2, 2004 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of 
linesused Avera
ge 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
 Total/Average 10,174 10,045 6.5 0-209.9 11.5 813,399.9 
01 Live animals 55 52 20.6 0-107.8 30.2 741.2 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 232 205 28.9 0-192.2 31.1 3,084.2 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 322 322 12.2 0-23 5.7 9,284 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  edible 
products of animal origin , not elsewhere specified 
or included 175 123 38.4 0-209.9 36.8 1,102.8 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified 
or included 21 21 0.2 0-5.1 1.1 772.2 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots and the 
like;  cut flowers a nd ornamental foliage 42 42 6.0 0-10.9 3.4 1,126.5 
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 107 107 13.2 0-150.1 21.4 2,592.5 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel  of citrus fruit or melons 128 128 10.4 0-118.1 12.2 8,202.5 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 42 42 3.1 0-12.5 4.3 3,314.5 
10 Cereals 55 55 39.6 0-101.1 27.7 2,745.7 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  starches;  
insulin;  wheat gluten 83 72 22.2 1.2-84.5 16.8 62.2 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  misc grains, seeds 
and fruit;  industrial or medicinal plants;  straw 
and fodder 77 76 2.0 0-52.3 6.3 5,655.6 
13 Lac;  gums, resins and other vegetable saps and 
extracts 18 18 2.2 0-19.2 5.1 404.9 
14 Vegetable plaiting materials;  vegetable products 
not elsewhere specified or included 8 8 0.0 0-0 0.0 110.9 
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their 
cleavage products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or vegetable waxes 125 122 8.9 0-75.8 13.4 2,151.5 
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 92 90 18.5 0-97.2 11.5 2,758.5 
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 47 36 23.6 2.1-114.4 23.2 1,517.3 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 27 27 17.9 0-68.9 12.3 2,653.1 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;  
pastry cooks' products 51 51 20.3 7.6-49.6 9.6 568.6 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other 
parts of plants 311 311 20.9 0-146.9 13.5 2,837.6 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 42 40 9.6 0-21.1 5.1 1,132.2 
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 177 167 5.7 0-58.6 10.2 3,433.3 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries;  
prepared animal fodder 66 59 7.0 0-76 13.7 5,708.0 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 30 30 18.3 2.2-74.9 21.2 1,232.9 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering 
materials, lime and cement 90 90 0.4 0-5.9 1.0 3,246.8 
26 Ores, slag and ash 47 47 0.0 0-0 0.0 7,390.1 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation;  bituminous substances;  mineral waxes 111 111 1.9 0-8 1.9 117,827.7 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or inorganic 
compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes 266 266 4.4 0-6 1.9 4,302.1 
29 Organic chemicals 528 528 4.3 0-39.8 3.9 22,494.9 
30 Pharmaceutical products 59 59 0.1 0-6.5 0.8 17,986.3 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 152 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of 
lines
used Avera
ge 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
31 Fertilizers 37 37 4.2 0-6.5 2.9 1,708.5 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and their 
derivatives;  dyes, pigmen ts and other colouring 
matter;  paints and varnishes;  putty and other 
mastics;  inks 65 65 5.4 0-6.5 2.1 3,095.9 
33 Essential oils and resinoids;  perfumery, cosmetic 
or toilet preparations so ap, organic surface-active 
agents, washing preparations, lubricating 
preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and 
similar article 59 59 2.9 0-17.3 3.6 3,114.1 
34 Soap, organic surface-ac tive agents, washing 
preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial 
waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring 
preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, dental  waxes and dental 
preparations with a basis 35 35 2.0 0-6.5 2.3 1,278.3 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified starches;  
glues;  enzymes 32 32 7.1 0-23.2 5.9 825.8 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  matches;  
pyrophoric alloys;  certain combustible 
preparations 10 10 6.3 5.7-6.5 0.3 293.7 
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 58 58 5.6 0-23.3 3.3 1,576.0 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 135 135 5.6 0-22.2 3.1 5,848.9 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 257 257 5.4 0-6.5 2.4 16,075.9 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 111 111 2.4 0-6.5 2.2 7,938.7 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and 
leather 79 79 2.6 0-6.5 2.7 3,540.9 
42 Articles of animal gut (o ther than silk-worm gut) 38 38 5.0 1.7-9.7 2.7 5,646.8 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 38 38 1.4 0-3.7 1.3 422.8 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 164 164 2.6 0-10 3.1 12,309.8 
45 Cork and articles of cork 13 13 3.3 0-4.7 2.3 65.5 
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other 
plaiting materials;  basketware and wickerwork 12 12 2.9 0-4.7 1.4 381.1 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic 
material;  recovered (was te and scrap) paper and 
paperboard 23 23 0.0 0-0 0.0 4,142.2 
48 Paper and paperboard;  ar ticles of paper pulp, of 
paper or of paperboard 177 177 0.0 0-0 0.0 7,455.0 
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other 
products of the printing industry;  manuscripts, 
typescripts and plans 25 25 0.0 0-0 0.0 2,894.4 
50 Silk 26 26 5.0 0-7.5 2.7 286.7 
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair;  horsehair yarn 
and woven fabric 70 70 4.0 0-8 3.1 1,786.5 
52 Cotton 162 162 6.4 0-8 2.2 3,470.1 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn and 
woven fabrics of paper yarn 43 43 2.9 0-8 3.0 392.6 
54 Man-made filaments 86 86 6.0 3.8-8 2.0 2,872.3 
55 Man-made staple fibres 167 167 6.4 4-8 1.9 1,991.7 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special yarns;  
twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles 
thereof 66 66 6.1 3.2-12 2.1 827.0 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 39 39 7.4 3-8 1.4 1,124.6 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 153 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of 
lines
used Avera
ge 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  lace;  
tapestries;  trimmings;  embroidery 56 56 7.3 5-8 0.9 611.0 
59 Impregnated, coated, cove red or laminated textile 
fabrics;  textile articles of a kind suitable for 
industrial use 42 42 6.3 4-8 1.3 748.0 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 65 65 8.0 6.5-8 0.3 684.3 
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, 
knitted or crocheted 171 171 11.7 8-12 1.0 18,912.9 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not 
knitted or crocheted 204 204 11.6 6.3-12 1.4 24,306.8 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn clothing 
and worn textile articles;  rags 91 91 10.0 0-12 3.3 4,379.2 
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such 
articles 79 79 9.9 3-17 5.3 9,320.1 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 15 15 2.5 0-5.7 1.3 651.6 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-
sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 9 9 4.3 2.7-5.2 0.9 312.9 
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down;  artificial flowers;  articles of human hair 8 8 2.8 1.7-4.7 1.2 440.0 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica 
or similar materials 73 73 1.2 0-3.7 1.1 1,756.0 
69 Ceramic products 51 51 4.8 0-12 2.4 2,140.4 
70 Glass and glassware 131 131 4.8 0-11 3.0 3,404.5 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-
precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with 
precious metal, and articles thereof;  imitation 
jewellery;  coin 63 63 0.7 0-4 1.4 28,321.8 
72 Iron and steel 335 335 0.2 0-7 1.0 10,9989 
73 Articles of iron or steel 274 274 1.6 0-3.7 1.6 10,501.7 
74 Copper and articles thereof 69 69 3.3 0-5.2 2.1 4,911.8 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 18 18 0.6 0-3.3 1.2 2,104.1 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 64 64 6.3 0-10 2.0 9,082.8 
78 Lead and articles thereof 13 13 2.7 0-5 2.2 305 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 12 12 3.1 0-5 1.6 427.1 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8 8 0.0 0-0 0.0 276.4 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles thereof 72 72 3.2 0-9 2.8 1,167.8 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of 
base metal;  parts thereof of base metal 105 105 3.1 1.7-8.5 1.8 3,930.3 
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 50 50 2.1 0-3.7 1.1 2,555.2 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and 
mechanical appliances;  parts thereof 1,025 1,025 1.7 0-9.7 1.4 113,314.7 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts 
thereof;  sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and 
reproducers, and parts and accessories of such 
articles 654 654 2.8 0-14 3.4 103,496.5 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock 
and parts thereof;  railway or tramway track 
fixtures and fittings and parts thereof;  mechanical (including electro-mecha nical) traffic signalling 
equipment of all kinds 40 40 1.8 0-3.7 0.6 1,201.4 
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-
stock, and parts and accessories thereof 180 180 6.4 0-22 5.4 42,639.2 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 154 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of 
lines
used Avera
ge 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 34 34 2.1 0-7.7 2.0 11,140.8 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 38 38 1.1 0-2.7 1.0 5,312.7 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, 
measuring, checking, precision, medical or 
surgical instruments and apparatus;  parts and 
accessories thereof 300 300 1.8 0-6.7 1.8 31,435.0 
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 61 61 3.8 0-11.2 1.9 3,879.9 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories of such 
articles 31 31 3.2 1.7-4 0.5 735.5 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories 
thereof 28 28 2.2 0-3.2 1.1 288.2 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, 
cushions and similar stuffed furnishings;  lamps 
and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or 
included;  illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates 87 87 2.2 0-5.7 1.9 14,315.4 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and 
accessories thereof 79 79 1.9 0-4.7 1.8 10,746.6 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 71 71 3.3 0-7.7 1.5 2,051.1 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques 7 7 0.0 0-0 0.0 2,785.7 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by the EC authorities. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 155 
 
 
Table AIII.2 
Some recent TBT-related EC Directives and Decisions 
Reference Subject Date 
Commission Directive 2002/41/EC Adapting to technical  progress Directive 95/1/ EC of the European 
Parliament and of the Council on the maximum design speed, maximum 
torque and maximum net engine power of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles. 17 May 2002 
EP and Council Directive 
2002/45/EC  Amending for the twentieth time C ouncil Directive 76/769/EEC relating to 
restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and 
preparations (short-chain chlorinated paraffins). 25 June 2002 
Commission Directive 2002/62/EC Adapting to technical  progress for the ninth time Annex I to Council 
Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximati on of the laws, regulations and 
administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on 
the marketing and use of certain dange rous substances and preparations 
(organostannic compounds). 9 July 2002 
EP and Council Directive 
2002/51/EC On the reduction of the level of pollutant emissions from two-and three-
wheel motor vehicles and amending Directive 97/24/EC. 19 July 2002 
EP and Council Directive 
2002/61/EC Amending for the nineteenth time Co uncil Directive 76/769/EEC relating to 
restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and 
preparations (azocolourants). 19 July 2002 
Commission Directive 2002/78/EC Adapting to techni cal progress Council Directive 71/320/EEC on the 
approximation of the laws of the Memb er States relating to the braking 
devices of certain categories of mo tor vehicles and their trailers. 1 October 2002 
Commission Directive 2002/80/EC Adapting to technical  progress Council Directive 70/220/EEC relating to 
measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles. 3 October 2002 
EP and Council Decision 
No. 2045/2002/EC Amending Decision No. 1720/1999/EC a dopting a series of actions and 
measures in order to ensure interope rability of and access to trans-European 
networks for the electronic interchang e of data between administrations 
(IDA). 21 October 2002 
EP and Council Decision 
No. 2046/2002/EC Amending Decision No. 1719/1999/EC on a series of guidelines, including 
the identification of projects of co mmon interest, for trans-European 
networks for the electronic interchang e of data between administrations 
(IDA). 21 October 2002 
Commission Directive 2003/1/EC Adapting to technical  progress Annex II to Council Directive 76/768/EEC 
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic 
products. 6 January 2003 
Commission Directive 2003/2/EC Restrictions on the ma rketing and use of arsenic (tenth adaptation to 
technical progress to Council Directive 76/769/EEC). 6 January 2003 
Commission Directive 2003/3/EC Restrictions on the ma rketing and use of "blue colourant" (twelfth 
adaptation to technical progress of Council Directive 76/769/EEC). 6 January 2003 
Commission Decision Establishing the classes of  reaction-to-fire performance for certain 
construction products. 17 January 2003 
Commission Directive 2003/12/EC Reclassification of breast implants in the framework of Directive 
93/42/EEC concerning medical devices. 3 February 2003 
EP and Council Directive 
2003/11/EC  Amending for the 24th time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to 
restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and 
preparations (pentabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether). 6 February 2003 
Commission Directive 2003/16/EC Adapting to technical  progress Annex III to Council Directive 76/768/EEC 
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic 
products. 19 February 2003 
EP and Council Directive 
2003/15/EC Amending Council Directive 76/768/EEC on the approximation of the laws 
of the Member States relating to cosmetic products. 27 February 2003 
Commission Directive 2003/19/EC Amending for the purposes  of adapting to technical progress, Directive 
97/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the 
masses and dimensions of certain cate gories of motor vehicles and their 
trailers. 21 March 2003 
Commission Decision 
Document C (2003) 831 On the publication of the reference of standard EN 1495:1997 "Lifting 
platforms – mast climbing work platforms" in accordance with Directive 
98/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. 21 March 2003 
 Table AIII.2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 156 
 
 
Reference Subject Date 
Commission Decision 
Document C (2003) 808 On the application of  Article 3( 3)(e) of Directive 1999/5/EC of the 
European Parliament and of the Council to radio equipment intended to be 
used on non-SOLAS vessels and which is intended to participate in the 
Automatic Identification System (AIS). 25 March 2003 
Commission Decision 
Document C (2003) 1161 On the publication of th e reference of standards relating to thermal 
insulation products, geotex tiles, fixed fire-fighti ng equipment and gypsum 
blocks in accordance with Council Directive 89/106/EEC. 9 April 2003 
Commission Directive 2003/32/EC Introducing detailed speci fication as regards the requirements laid down in 
Council Directive 93/42/EEC with respect  to medical devices manufactured 
utilizing tissues of animal origin. 23 April 2003 
EP and Council Directive 
2003/34/EC Amending for the 23rd time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to 
restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and 
preparations (substances classified as carcinogens, mutagens or substances 
toxic to reproduction – c/m/r). 26 May 2003 
EP and Council Directive 
2003/36/EC Amending, for the 25th time, Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the 
approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the 
Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain 
dangerous substances and preparations (substances classified as carcinogens, mutagens or substances toxic to reproduction – c/m/r). 26 May 2003 
EP and Council Directive 
2003/37/EC On type-approval of agricultural or fo restry tractors, their trailers and 
interchangeable towed machinery, together with their systems, components 
and separate technical units a nd repealing Directive 74/150/EEC. 26 May 2003 
Commission Decision 
Document C (2003) 1673 Amending Decision 96/603/EC establis hing the list of products belonging 
to Classes A "No contribution to fire " provided for in Decision 94/611/EC 
implementing Article 20 of Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction 
products. 6 June 2003 
EP and Council Directive 
2003/44/EC Amending Directive 94/25/EC on th e approximation of the laws, 
regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to 
recreational craft. 16 June 2003 
EP and Council Directive 
2003/53/EC Amending for the 26th time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to 
restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and 
preparations (nonylphenol, nonyl phenol ethoxylate and cement). 18 June 2003 
Commission Directive 2003/63/EC Amending Directive 2001/ 83/EC of the European Parliament and of the 
Council on the Community code relati ng to medicinal products for human 
use. 25 June 2003 
Source: WTO Secretariat, based on information available online at: http://europa.eu.int/. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 157 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 1 
Main economic indicators, 1998-02 
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Miscellaneous     
GDP (kroons, million) 73,538 76,327 87,379 97,895 108,024
GDP (US$ million) 5, 225 5,200 5,149 5,574 6,503
Real GDP (annual percentage change) 4.6 -0.6 7.3 6.5 6.0
Unemployment rate (ILO; per cent) 9.9 12.3 13.7 12.5 10.1
Average consumer price index (end of period;   percentage change) 8.2 3.3 4.0 5.8 3.6
Real effective exchange rate index (1995=100)a 123.8 137.6 131.1 132.0 134.0
Exchange rate (kroons per US$; period average) 14.1 14.7 17.0 17.6 16.6
Money market interest rate (per cent) 11.66 5.39 5.68 5.31 3.88
Monetary sector  (percentage change, end of year) 
Broad money  4.2 23.7 25.7 23.0 11.2
Share of real GDP  (per cent) 
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 6.4 6.1 5.5 5.0 4.7
Industry (including mi ning and construction) 36.5 34.0 36.0 36.2 37.1
Services 57.1 59.9 58.5 58.8 58.2
Government finance   (percentage of GDP) 
Fiscal balance -0.3 -4.6 -0.7 0.4 1.2
National accounts  (percentage of GDP) 
Private consumption 58.9 58.2 56.3 55.6 57.3
Public consumption 22.6 23.4 21.0 20.0 19.7
Gross fixed capital formation 29.6 24.9 25.4 26.5 28.5
Exports of goods and non-factor services 79.7 77.2 93.7 89.4 84.2
Imports of goods and non-factor services 90.1 82.2 97.7 93.1 93.6
Memorandum     
Current account balance (percentage of GDP) -9.2 -4.7 -5.8 -6.0 -12.3
Gross external debt (percentage of GDP) 53.3 58.7 58.1 59.4 65.1
Gross international reserves (US$ million) 810.6 853.5 920.6 820.4 1,000.4
Gross international reserves (months of total imports) 2.4 3.3 2.7 2.4 2.4
Import cover (goods; ratio of exports to imports) 70.7 73.7 81.2 81.0 76.1
Trade in goods and non-factor services (percentage of GDP) 169.8 159.4 191.4 182.5 177.8
a The real effective exchange rate index is based on Estonia's 15 major trading partners. An increase in the index indicates re al 
 appreciation of the kroon.  
Source:  IMF, International Financial Statistics,  various issues, Washington, D.C.  WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 158 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 2 
Balance-of-payments, 1998-02 
(US$ million) 
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Current account -478.43 - 294.64 -294.02 - 338.82 -800.10 
Trade balance -1,115.24 -877.50 -768.08 -788.67 -1,103.54 
Goods exports 2,690.13 2,453.06 3,311.42 3,359.73 3,517.47 
Goods imports -3,805.37 -3,330.56 -4,079.50 -4,148.40 -4,621.01 
Services balance 569.49 572.07 562.67 580.11 490.10 
Credit 1,479.63 1,489.68 1,498.99 1,649.28 1,712.74 
Debit -910.14 -917.61 -936.32 -1,069.17 -1,222.64 
Income (net) -80.99 -101.70 -204.18 -282.25 -330.83 
Credit 133.55 133.84 117.56 171.29 199.34 
Debit -214.53 -235.53 -321.74 -453.54 -530.17 
Current transfers (net) 148.30 112.48 115. 58 151.99 144.17 
Credit 172.94 153.73 144.70 181.40 205.50 
Debit -24.64 -41.25 -29.12 -29.41 -61.33 
Capital account 1.77 1.23 16.55 5.11 19.04 
Credit 2.11 1.43 16.78 5.55 20.08 
Debit -0.34 -0.20 -0.23 -0.43 -1.04 
Financial account 508.08 418.16 392.87 269.44 805.02 
Direct investment (net ) 574.23 222.27 323. 88 342.43 152.58 
Direct investment (inflows) -6.29 -82.91 -63.43 -200.06 -131.95 
Direct investment (outfl ows) 580.52 305.18 387.31 542.49 284.52 
Portfolio investment (net) -9.76 21.01 91.16 -34.18 205.06 
Portfolio investment assets -10.86 -132.26 15.55 -118.83 -139.87 
Portfolio investment liab ilities 1.09 153.27 75.61 84.66 344.92 
Other investment (net) -56.39 174.88 -22.84 -36.66 451.38 
Other investment assets -168.47 -110.32 -166.66 -220.27 51.93 
Other investment liabilitie s 112.08 285.20 143. 82 183.61 399.45 
Net errors and omissions 5.89 -5.45 12.18 22.33 45.30 
Overall balance 37.30 119.30 127.59 -41.95 69.26 
Source : IMF, International Financial Statistics , various issues, Washington, D.C. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 159 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 3 
Structure of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total exports (US$ million)  1, 840.4    3,244.8   3,017.2    3,830.0    4,014. 6    4,336.4  
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 35.9 32.5 32.7 27.6 25.3 27.9 
   Agriculture 25.7 25.5 23.2 17.6 18.6 20.5 
      Food 16.1 15.6 11.0 8.0 10.1 11.8 
         0721 Cocoa beans 0.2 3.2 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.8 
         0371 Fish,prepard,presrvd,nes 3.5 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.5 1.3 
         0222 Milk concentd.,sweetened 2.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 
      Agricultural raw material 9.6 9.9 12.2 9.6 8.5 8.7 
         2482 Wood,conifer, sawn 2.4 3.2 4.8 3.3 3.0 3.5 
         2474 Wood,conif,rough,untrted 2.1 2.3 3.1 2.3 1.6 1.3 
         2475 Wood,non-conif,rough,unt 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 
   Mining 10.2 7.0 9.5 10.1 6.7 7.4 
      Ores and other minerals 2.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.3 1.6 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.8 0.3 2.0 2.5 0.5 0.6 
      Fuels 7.1 3.7 4.5 4.5 3.9 5.3 
              
Manufactures 64.1 67.5 67.3 72.3 74.7 72.1 
   Iron and steel 1.2 2.3 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 
   Chemicals 8.3 7.9 6.9 5.6 5.6 5.6 
         5334 Paints,varnishes etc. 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 
   Other semi-manufactures 11.0 11.3 11.9 10.1 12.6 15.1 
         6911 Metal structures,parts 0.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.2 
         6912 Aluminium structure,prts 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.0 1.7 
         6353 Buildrs.joinery,wood etc 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.4 
         6414 Kraft paper,brd,uncoated 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 
   Machinery and transport equipment 19.9 24.5 24.3 36.0 34.2 27.6 
      Power generating machines 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 
      Other non-electrical machinery 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.4 3.7 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
      Office machines & telecommuni cation equipment 7.5 13.2 13.5 25.1 21.4 13.3 
         7649 Parts,telecommun. equipt 2.0 7.2 7.5 6.6 8.8 6.6 
         7643 TV,radio tran smittrs etc 0.1 4.6 5.1 17.5 11.6 5.7 
      Other electrical machines 2.0 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.6 4.1 
         7731 Insultd wire,etc.condctr 0.7 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.2 
      Automotive products 5.9 3.8 2.9 3.4 4.2 4.5 
         7812 Pass.transport vehicles 3.2 2.1 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.0 
         7843 Other parts,motor vehicl 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.8 
      Other transport equipment 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 
   Textiles 5.7 5. 2 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.3 
   Clothing 7.9 6.5 6.9 5.3 5.4 5.7 
   Other consumer goods 10.1 9.7 10.9 10.0 11.3 12.5 
         8215 Furniture,nes,of wood 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.0 1.9 
         8212 Mattresses, etc. 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.6 
         8211 Convertible seats,parts 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.2 
         8110 Prefabricated buildings 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 160 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 4 
Structure of imports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total imports (US$ million) 2,546.3  4, 786.8  4,109.5  5,052.3  5,230. 0  5,863.3  
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 29.1 26.8 26.2 23.9 22.2 23.5 
   Agriculture 16.7 19.0 15.8 13.1 13.6 14.4 
      Food 13.8 16.5 12.9 9.9 10.6 11.5 
         0721 Cocoa beans 0.1 2.2 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.6 
      Agricultural raw material 2.9 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.9 
   Mining 12.3 7.8 10.4 10.8 8.5 9.1 
      Ores and other minerals 0.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 0.9 0.9 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.6 0.6 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.0 
      Fuels 10.9 5.7 6.9 7.2 6.7 7.2 
         3432 Natural gas, gaseous 1.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 
              
Manufactures 70.8 73.1 73.6 76.0 77.7 76.4 
   Iron and steel 3.0 4.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.4 
   Chemicals 9.6 9.7 11.1 9.2 9.8 9.9 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 
         5532 Cosmetics,make-up etc. 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 
         5334 Paints,varnishes etc. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 
   Other semi-manufactures 10.4 9.7 9.6 9.3 10.3 11.2 
         6912 Aluminium structure,prts 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.3 
         6911 Metal structures,parts 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 
   Machinery and transport equipment 29.8 34.8 34.3 41.3 40.1 38.1 
      Power generating machines 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.1 
      Other non-electrical machinery 6.1 7.1 5.9 6.0 7.9 8.6 
         7359 Parts,nes,mch-tool w.mtl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 
      Office machines & telecommuni cation equipment 10.4 10.0 10.9 12.3 14.2 9.8 
         7764 Electronic microcircuits 0.1 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 2.1 
         7649 Parts,telecommun. equipt 2.1 3.5 3.2 5.4 7.8 1.8 
         7643 TV,radio tran smittrs etc 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.8 
         7599 Parts,data proc. etc.mch 4.1 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 
         7763 Diodes,transistors etc. 0.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.7 
      Other electrical machines 4.7 8.1 9.6 14.9 8.4 8.1 
         7725 Switch.apparatus,<1000v 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 
         7722 Printed circuits 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.6 
         7731 Insultd wire,etc.condctr 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.1 
         7788 Elect machnery,equip,nes 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.1 2.0 2.1 
      Automotive products 7.0 7.6 5.6 6.3 7.6 8.4 
         7812 Pass.transport vehicles 3.8 4.3 3.3 4.1 4.9 5.2 
         7821 Goods vehicles 1.2 1.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 
         7843 Other parts,motor vehicl 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.0 
      Other transport equipment 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.5 2.1 
   Textiles 6.1 4. 1 4.4 3.8 4.0 4.2 
   Clothing 2.6 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.0 2.0 
   Other consumer goods 9.4 7.9 8.5 7.5 8.2 7.6 
              
Other 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 
   Gold 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 161 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 5 
Destination of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total exports (US$ million) 1,840.4  3, 244.8  3,017.2  3,830.0  4,014. 6  4,336.4  
  (Per cent) 
  America 2.7 2.6 3.6 2.8 3.6 3.5 
    United States 2.4 1.9 2.5 1.8 2.2 2.2 
    Canada 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 
    Other America 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.0 
              
  Europe 95.9 95.3 93.4 93.8 88.9 89.5 
    EC(15) 54.1 55.1 62.8 68.5 59.9 57.2 
      Finland 21.5 18.9 19.1 27.0 28.5 20.4 
      Sweden 10.9 16.7 18.6 17.3 11.9 12.4 
      Germany 7.2 5.5 7.4 7.7 6.2 8.3 
      United Kingdom 3.3 4.3 5.2 3.9 3.7 4.3 
      Denmark 3.3 3.6 3.9 2.9 3.0 3.8 
      Netherlands 4.7 2.2 3.3 4.4 2.6 3.0 
      France 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 
      Italy 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.9 
      Spain 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.8 
    EFTA 2.4 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.8 
      Norway 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.6 3.0 
      Switzerland 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 
    Eastern Europe 38.9 35.7 27.2 21.5 25.2 27.8 
      Hungary 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.0 
      Poland 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 
      Former USSR 37.2 34.7 26.0 19.9 23.4 25.6 
         Russian Federation 17.7 13.3 9.2 6.8 8.6 10.0 
         Latvia 7.5 9.4 8.7 7.2 7.4 7.7 
         Lithuania 4.7 4.7 3.8 3.1 3.6 4.1 
         Ukraine 3.7 4.9 2.9 1.8 3.0 3.0 
    Other Europe 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 
              
  Asia 1.0 1.6 2.3 2.6 3.2 3.6 
    Middle East 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 
    East Asia 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.5 2.6 
      Korea, Rep. of 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 
    South Asia 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 
              
  Oceania 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 
              
  Africa 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 
    Other Africa 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 
              
  Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 2.5 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 162 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 6 
Origin of imports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total imports (US$ million) 2,546.3  4,786. 8  4,109.5  5,052.3  5,230.0   5,863.3  
  (Per cent) 
  America 3.4 5.6 5.1 3.0 3.1 3.6 
    United States 2.5 4.6 4.4 2.4 2.3 2.8 
    Canada 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
    Other America 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 
              
  Europe 92.2 83.2 84.6 83.6 79.6 81.0 
    EC(15) 66.0 60.1 57.8 56.1 51.8 53.6 
      Italy 2.6 3.3 3.2 2.6 3.2 4.1 
      Austria 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.0 
      Denmark 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.3 
      United Kingdom 2.2 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.3 
      France 1.5 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 
      Sweden 8.5 9.1 9.3 8.7 8.3 8.4 
      Germany 9.6 10.8 9.3 8.8 10.2 11.1 
      Finland 32.6 22.6 22.8 23.8 16.0 15.6 
      Netherlands 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.5 
    EFTA 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 
      Norway 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 
    Eastern Europe 24.3 20.4 24.2 25.0 25.1 24.7 
      Poland 0.6 1.4 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.4 
      Czech Rep. 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.9 
      Former USSR 22.4 17.8 20.8 21.7 20.4 20.4 
         Latvia 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 
         Ukraine 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.3 
         Lithuania 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.8 
         Russian Federation 16.1 11.1 13.5 14.1 12.5 12.0 
    Other Europe 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 
              
  Asia 4.2 8.3 8.3 11.9 15.6 13.2 
    Middle East 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
    East Asia 3.9 7.8 7.9 11.4 15.1 12.6 
      China 0.4 0.8 1.2 3.1 7.3 4.6 
      Japan 1.9 5.0 4.7 5.6 4.4 3.8 
    South Asia 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 
              
  Oceania 0.0 0. 5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 
              
  Africa 0.1 2.6 1.9 1.4 1.5 2.1 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.9 
      Côte d'Ivoire 0.1 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.4 
    Other Africa 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 163 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 7 
Structure of customs tariffs, 2002 and 2003 
(Per cent) 
  MFN 2002 MFN 2003 2003 bound rate 
1.   Bound tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) 100.0 100.0 100.0 
2.   Duty free tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) 88.0 88.0 16.0 
3.   Non- ad valorem  tariffs (% of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 0.0 
4.   Tariff quotas (% of all tariff lines) .. .. .. 
5.   Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no AVEs (% of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 0.0 
6.   Simple average tariff rate 3.3 3.3 10.2 
 Agricultural products (HS01-24) 14.4 14.4 21.9 
 Non-agricultural products (HS25-97) 0.0 0.0 6.8 
 Agricultural products (WTO definition)a 15.5 15.5 21.9 
 Non-agricultural products (WTO definition)b 0.1 0.1 7.2 
7   Domestic tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)c 11.0 10.9 4.6 
8.   International tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)d 9.1 9.0 12.4 
9.   Overall standard deviati on of applied rates 10.0 10.0 9.8 
10.   "Nuisance" applied rates (% of all tariff lines)e 0.0 0.0 3.1 
.. Not available. 
a WTO Agreement on Agriculture. 
b Excludes petroleum. c Domestic tariff spikes are defined as those exceeding three times the overall simple average applied rate (indicator 6). 
d International tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15%. 
e Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2%. 
Note Indicator 1 is calculated taking into  account all tariff lines (i.e. in-quota and out-of-quota lines) while others exclude  in-quota 
 lines. 
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations , based on data provided by Estonia's authorities. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 164 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 8 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS2, 2003 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of 
lines used Average 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002 
(US$ million) 
 Total/Average 10,559 10,559 3.3 0-59 10.0 4,810.6 
01 Live animals 56 56 15.8 0-39 16.7 1.1 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 236 236 31.8 0-59 17.6 35.1 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 327 327 0.0 0 0.0 31.6 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  edible 
products of animal origin , not elsewhere specified 
or included 179 179 33.8 0-49 7.2 21.0 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified 
or included 21 21 1.0 0-20 4.4 2.1 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots and the 
like;  cut flowers a nd ornamental foliage 42 42 0.0 0 0.0 7.4 
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 108 108 22.8 0-40 8.9 16.1 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel  of citrus fruit or melons 128 128 8.6 0-30 12.0 30.7 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 42 42 0.0 0 0.0 21.8 
10 Cereals 61 61 6.6 0-59 15.0 16.0 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  starches;  
insulin;  wheat gluten 82 82 45.9 20-50 8.8 12.5 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  misc grains, seeds 
and fruit;  industrial or medicinal plants;  straw and 
fodder 80 80 0.0 0 0.0 10.3 
13 Lac;  gums, resins and other vegetable saps and 
extracts 18 18 11.7 0-15 6.4 0.6 
14 Vegetable plaiting materials;  vegetable products 
not elsewhere specified or included 8 8 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their 
cleavage products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or 
vegetable waxes 128 128 2.7 0-48 8.1 31.4 
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 92 92 28.4 0-39 7.6 8.6 
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 47 47 0.0 0 0.0 25.2 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 27 27 0.0 0 0.0 15.2 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;  
pastry cooks' products 51 51 19.3 0-30 6.4 21.6 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts 
of plants 322 322 20.0 5-30 11.2 21.9 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 42 42 13.9 0-30 10.7 31.2 
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 218 218 1.3 0-30 5.4 52.4 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries;  
prepared animal fodder 66 66 14.7 0-35 12.8 26.7 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 31 31 0.0 0 0.0 23.6 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering 
materials, lime and cement 92 92 0.0 0 0.0 14.3 
26 Ores, slag and ash 53 53 0.0 0 0.0 11.3 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation;  bituminous substances;  mineral waxes 119 119 0.0 0 0.0 268.9 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or inorganic 
compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth 
metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes 267 267 0.0 0 0.0 16.4 
29 Organic chemicals 550 550 0.0 0 0.0 21.3 
30 Pharmaceutical products 59 59 0.0 0 0.0 100.7 
31 Fertilizers 37 37 0.0 0 0.0 21.1 
Table AI.Estonia 8 (cont'd)  European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 165 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of 
lines 
used Average 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002 
(US$ million) 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and their 
derivatives;  dyes, pigmen ts and other colouring 
matter;  paints and varnishes;  putty and other 
mastics;  inks 67 67 0.0 0 0.0 57.9 
33 Essential oils and resinoids;  perfumery, cosmetic 
or toilet preparations so ap, organic surface-active 
agents, washing preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, 
polishing or scouring preparations, candles and 
similar article 59 59 0.0 0 0.0 43.8 
34 Soap, organic surface-ac tive agents, washing 
preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial 
waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and similar articles, 
modelling pastes, dental  waxes and dental 
preparations with a basis 35 35 0.0 0 0.0 28.1 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified starches;  
glues;  enzymes 32 32 0.0 0 0.0 8.7 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  matches;  
pyrophoric alloys;  certain combustible preparations 10 10 0.0 0 0.0 2.6 
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 60 60 0.0 0 0.0 8.9 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 136 136 0.0 0 0.0 41.8 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 263 263 0.0 0 0.0 198.0 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 112 112 0.0 0 0.0 45.6 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and 
leather 79 79 0.0 0 0.0 19.2 
42 Articles of animal gut (o ther than silk-worm gut) 38 38 0.0 0 0.0 13.8 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 41 41 0.0 0 0.0 25.8 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 165 165 0.0 0 0.0 115.3 
45 Cork and articles of cork 13 13 0.0 0 0.0 0.5 
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other 
plaiting materials;  basketware and wickerwork 12 12 0.0 0 0.0 0.4 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic 
material;  recovered (was te and scrap) paper and 
paperboard 23 23 0.0 0 0.0 0.6 
48 Paper and paperboard;  ar ticles of paper pulp, of 
paper or of paperboard 209 209 0.0 0 0.0 112.5 
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other 
products of the printing industry;  manuscripts, 
typescripts and plans 33 33 0.0 0 0.0 18.3 
50 Silk 26 26 0.0 0 0.0 0.3 
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair;  horsehair yarn 
and woven fabric 80 80 0.0 0 0.0 12.9 
52 Cotton 162 162 0.0 0 0.0 75.1 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn and 
woven fabrics of paper yarn 43 43 0.0 0 0.0 15.1 
54 Man-made filaments 86 86 0.0 0 0.0 33.6 
55 Man-made staple fibres 167 167 0.0 0 0.0 48.8 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special yarns;  
twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof 66 66 0.0 0 0.0 15.1 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 39 39 0.0 0 0.0 4.7 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  lace;  
tapestries;  trimmings;  embroidery 56 56 0.0 0 0.0 18.3 
Table AI.Estonia 8 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 166 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of 
lines 
used Average 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002 
(US$ million) 
59 Impregnated, coated, cove red or laminated textile 
fabrics;  textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial use 42 42 0.0 0 0.0 24.2 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 65 65 0.0 0 0.0 22.1 
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted 
or crocheted 171 171 0.0 0 0.0 40.6 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not 
knitted or crocheted 204 204 0.0 0 0.0 60.8 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn clothing 
and worn textile articles;  rags 91 91 0.0 0 0.0 21.2 
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such 
articles 82 82 0.0 0 0.0 48.9 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 15 15 0.0 0 0.0 2.7 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-
sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 9 9 0.0 0 0.0 0.6 
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down;  artificial flowers;  articles of 
human hair 8 8 0.0 0 0.0 0.6 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or 
similar materials 74 74 0.0 0 0.0 33.3 
69 Ceramic products 53 53 0.0 0 0.0 20.6 
70 Glass and glassware 131 131 0.0 0 0.0 37.8 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-
precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with 
precious metal, and articles thereof;  imitation 
jewellery;  coin 63 63 0.0 0 0.0 8.9 
72 Iron and steel 432 432 0.0 0 0.0 142.7 
73 Articles of iron or steel 273 273 0.0 0 0.0 146.6 
74 Copper and articles thereof 69 69 0.0 0 0.0 15.3 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 18 18 0.0 0 0.0 7.0 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 64 64 0.0 0 0.0 50.2 
78 Lead and articles thereof 13 13 0.0 0 0.0 0.3 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 12 12 0.0 0 0.0 4.1 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8 8 0.0 0 0.0 0.3 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles thereof 73 73 0.0 0 0.0 0.9 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of 
base metal;  parts thereof of base metal 105 105 0.0 0 0.0 22.5 
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 50 50 0.0 0 0.0 43.4 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and 
mechanical appliances;  parts thereof 1,075 1,075 0.0 0 0.0 564.6 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts 
thereof;  sound recorders and reproducers, 
television image and sound recorders and 
reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 673 673 0.0 0 0.0 865.5 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and 
parts thereof;  railway or tramway track fixtures 
and fittings and parts thereof;  mechanical (including electro-mecha nical) traffic signalling 
equipment of all kinds 40 40 0.0 0 0.0 47.2 
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-
stock, and parts and accessories thereof 192 192 0.0 0 0.0 444.4 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 34 34 0.0 0 0.0 9.1 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 49 49 0.0 0 0.0 19.2 
Table AI.Estonia 8 (cont'd)  European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 167 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of 
lines 
used Average 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002 
(US$ million) 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, 
measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus;  parts and accessories 
thereof 300 300 0.0 0 0.0 91.8 
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 63 63 0.0 0 0.0 2.9 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories of such 
articles 33 33 0.0 0 0.0 1.8 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories 
thereof 30 30 0.0 0 0.0 2.5 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, 
cushions and similar stuffed furnishings;  lamps 
and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or 
included;  illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates 86 86 0.0 0 0.0 80.2 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and 
accessories thereof 79 79 0.0 0 0.0 23.8 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 72 72 0.0 0 0.0 17.8 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques 7 7 0.0 0 0.0 0.3 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Estonia's authorities. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 168 
 
 
Table AI.Estonia 9 
Applied MFN tariff statistics, by ISIC Rev.2 category, 2003  
ISIC 
code  Description  Number
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
 (Per cent) US$ million 
 Total 10,559 3.3 0-59 10.0 4,810.6 
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 618 5.7 0-59 11.8 167.2 
11 Agriculture and hunting 444 7.7 0-59 13.3 132.0 
12 Forestry and logging 43 2.8 0-15 5.9 27.3 
121 Forestry 21 5.7 0-15 7.5 0.4 
122 Logging 22 0.0 0-0 0.0 26.9 
13 Fishing 131 0.2 0-20 1.7 7.9 
1301 Ocean and coastal fish ing 112 0.2 0-20 1.9 5.4 
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 19 0.0 0-0 0.0 2.5 
2 Mining and quarrying 134 0.0 0-0 0.0 26.9 
21 Coal mining 6 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.9 
22 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 10 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.2 
23 Metal ore mining 27 0.0 0-0 0.0 10.5 
2301 Mining of iron ores 2 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.1 
2302 Non-ferrous ore mining 25 0.0 0-0 0.0 10.5 
29 Other mining 91 0.0 0-0 0.0 13.3 
2901 Mining of feldspar 44 0.0 0-0 0.0 8.7 
2902 Mining of fertilizer and chemi cal minerals 13 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.2 
2903 Salt mining 5 0.0 0-0 0.0 2.8 
2909 Mining and quarrying n.e.s. 29 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.6 
           
3 Manufacturing 9,806 3.2 0-59 9.9 4,608.4 
3 - 31 - - Manufacturing (excluding food processing) 7,960 0.0 0-15 0.3 4,232.4 
31 Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco 1,846 16.8 0-59 17.1 376.0 
311 Food products 1,467 19.4 0-59 17.1 226.6 
3111 Meat products 306 30.0 0-59 17.7 39.6 
3112 Dairy products 158 33.1 0-38 7.4 21.7 
3113 Fruit and vegetable canning 417 19.6 0-30 10.7 34.2 
3114 Fish products 251 4.5 0-25 9.6 29.1 
3115 Manufacture of oil and fats (veg. and animal) 129 1.4 0-20 4.0 41.0 
3116 Grain mill products 116 32.7 0-50 20.4 10.6 
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 32 17.0 15-22 3.2 14.0 
3118 Sugar products 12 7.5 0-30 13.6 17.3 
3119 Cocoa and chocolate confec tionery 46 3.9 0-30 10.2 19.1 
312 Other food products and animal feeds 147 14.9 0-50 16.4 68.2 
3121 Other food products 109 14.3 0-50 17.9 50.8 
3122 Manufacture of animal feeds 38 16.6 0-35 11.1 17.4 
313 Beverages 222 1.5 0-35 6.3 57.7 
3131 Distillation of spirits and alc ohol production 58 0.0 0-0 0.0 15.5 
3132 Manufacture of wines 147 0.0 0-0 0.0 20.0 
3133 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 8 21.9 0-35 18.1 10.5 
3134 Soft drinks and mineral waters 9 17.2 10-25 7.5 11.7 
314 Tobacco manufacturi ng 10 0.0 0-0 0.0 23.5 
3140 Tobacco products 10 0.0 0-0 0.0 23.5 
32 Textile, wearing apparel and leat her industries 1,472 0.0 0-0 0.0 436.6 
321 Textiles 1,067 0. 0 0-0 0.0 295.1 
3211 Textile spinning, weaving a nd finishing 591 0. 0 0-0 0.0 165.8 
3212 Made-up textile goods except wear ing apparel 98 0. 0 0-0 0.0 22.9 
3213 Knitted and crocheted fa brics 236 0.0 0-0 0.0 62.7 
3214 Carpets and rugs 39 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.7 
3215 Cordage, rope, etc 24 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.6 
3219 Textiles n.e.c. 79 0.0 0-0 0.0 35.3 
322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, ex cept footwear 225 0.0 0-0 0.0 70.4 
323 Leather products, except footwear and wearing 
apparel 122 0.0 0-0 0.0 29.7 
3231 Tanning and dressing of l eather 60 0.0 0-0 0.0 19.2 
3232 Fur dressing and dying 31 0.0 0-0 0.0 2.6 
3233 Leather products except footwear 31 0.0 0-0 0.0 7.9 
324 Footwear, except vulcanized rubber or plastic 
footwear 58 0.0 0-0 0.0 41.4 
33 Wood and wood products, including furniture 190 0.0 0-0 0.0 123.7 
    Table AI.Estonia 9 (cont'd)European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 169 
 
 
ISIC 
code  Description  Number
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
331 Wood and wood products, except furniture 153 0.0 0-0 0.0 80.7 
3311 Sawmills and wood mills  110 0.0 0-0 0.0 71.1 
3312 Wooden case containers and cane ware 16 0.0 0-0 0.0 6.0 
3319 Wood and cork products 27 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.7 
332 Manuf. of furniture & fixtures, except primarily of 
metal 37 0.0 0-0 0.0 43.0 
           
34 Paper, paper products, printing and publishing 267 0.0 0-0 0.0 124.5 
341 Paper products 219 0.0 0-0 0.0 95.5 
3411 Pulp, paper and paperboard 139 0.0 0-0 0.0 39.6 
3412 Containers, paper boxes, pa perboard 9 0.0 0-0 0.0 11.0 
3419 Articles n.e.s.(stationery) 71 0.0 0-0 0.0 44.9 
342 Printing and publishing and allied industries 48 0.0 0-0 0.0 29.0 
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, r ubber, plastics 1,829 0.0 0-15 0.7 871.3 
351 Industrial chemicals 1,151 0.0 0-0 0.0 229.6 
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 822 0.0 0-0 0.0 66.0 
3512 Fertilizers and pesticid es 63 0.0 0-0 0.0 30.6 
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic material s except glass 266 0.0 0-0 0.0 133.0 
352 Other chemicals, incl. pharm. 443 0.1 0-15 1.4 251.7 
3521 Paints, varnishes and l acquers 32 0.0 0-0 0.0 45.8 
3522 Drugs and medicines 156 0.1 0-15 1.2 96.8 
3523 Soaps 38 0.0 0-0 0.0 58.7 
3529 Other chemicals n.e.s. 217 0.2 0-15 1.8 50.5 
353 Petroleum refineries 70 0.0 0-0 0.0 250.2 
354 Manuf. of miscellaneous petroleum & coal products 18 0.0 0-0 0.0 14.2 
355 Rubber products 112 0.0 0-0 0.0 50.0 
3551 Tyre and tube industries 32 0.0 0-0 0.0 23.3 
3559 Rubber products n.e.s. 80 0.0 0-0 0.0 26.7 
356 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.s. 35 0.0 0-0 0.0 75.7 
36 Non-metallic mineral produc ts except of petrol. & 
coal 283 0.0 0-0 0.0 89.5 
361 Pottery and china 25 0.0 0-0 0.0 8.8 
362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 130 0.0 0-0 0.0 30.2 
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 128 0.0 0-0 0.0 50.5 
3691 Structural clay products 34 0.0 0-0 0.0 13.0 
3692 Ciment, lime and plaster 10 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.2 
3699 Non-metallic mineral pr oducts 84 0.0 0-0 0.0 36.2 
           
37 Basic metal industries 772 0.0 0-0 0.0 232.5 
371 Iron and steel basic industries 520 0.0 0-0 0.0 173.9 
372 Non-ferrous metal basic i ndustries 252 0.0 0-0 0.0 58.6 
           
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 2,840 0.0 0-0 0.0 2,271.3 
381 Fabricated metal products, except machinery & 
equip. 353 0.0 0-0 0.0 211.0 
3811 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 92 0.0 0-0 0.0 44.0 
3812 Metal furniture and fixtures 18 0.0 0-0 0.0 9.1 
3813 Structural metal products 37 0.0 0-0 0.0 79.2 
3819 Fabricated metal prod. excpt mach. & equip. n.e.c. 206 0.0 0-0 0.0 78.7 
382 Non-electrical machinery incl. computers 1,053 0.0 0-0 0.0 555.1 
3821 Engines and turbines 37 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.7 
3822 Agricultural machinery 27 0.0 0-0 0.0 27.1 
3823 Metal and woodworking machinery 218 0.0 0-0 0.0 100.2 
3824 Special industrial machinery 226 0.0 0-0 0.0 125.7 
3825 Office machinery 73 0.0 0-0 0.0 108.2 
3829 Non-electrical machinery and equipment, n.e.s. 472 0.0 0-0 0.0 192.3 
383 Electrical machinery apparatus, appliances & 
supplies 684 0.0 0-0 0.0 883.4 
3831 Electrical motors and apparatus 157 0.0 0-0 0.0 134.4 
3832 Radio, telivision and communica tion equipment 315 0.0 0-0 0.0 593.9 
3833 Electrical appliances and houseware 48 0.0 0-0 0.0 24.7 
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 164 0.0 0-0 0.0 130.4 
384 Transport equipment 374 0.0 0-0 0.0 512.7 
3841 Ship building and repairing 72 0.0 0-0 0.0 20.2 
3842 Raiway and tramway 40 0.0 0-0 0.0 47.2 
    Table AI.Estonia 9 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 170 
 
 
ISIC 
code  Description  Number
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
3843 Motor vehicles 166 0.0 0-0 0.0 423.2 
3844 Motorcycles et bicycles 42 0.0 0-0 0.0 8.2 
3845 Aircraft manufacture 48 0.0 0-0 0.0 10.5 
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 6 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.4 
385 Professional and scientific equipment 376 0.0 0-0 0.0 109.1 
3851 Prof., scientif., measuring equipment 219 0.0 0-0 0.0 89.6 
3852 Photographic and optical goods 94 0.0 0-0 0.0 16.7 
3853 Watches and clocks 63 0.0 0-0 0.0 2.9 
39 Other manufacturing industries 307 0.0 0-0 0.0 83.0 
3901 Jewellery and related ar ticles 21 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.6 
3902 Musical instruments 33 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.8 
3903 Sporting goods 40 0.0 0-0 0.0 13.4 
3909 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 213 0.0 0-0 0.0 63.2 
4 Electrical energy 1 0.0 0-0 0.0 8.0 
Source:  WTO Secretariat calculati ons, based on data provided by Estonia's authorities. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 171 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 1 
Main economic indicators, 1998-02 
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Miscellaneous     
GDP (lats, million) 3,592 3,890 4, 348 4,813 5,195
GDP (US$ million) 6, 088 6,649 7,175 7,661 8,412
Real GDP (annual percentage change) 4.8 2.8 6.8 7.9 6.1
Unemployment rate (ILO; per cent) 13.7 14.5 14.6 12.8 11.6
Average consumer price index (end of period;   percentage change) 4.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 1.9
Real effective exchange rate index (2000=100)a 84 95 100 97 94
Exchange rate (lats per US$; pe riod average) 0.590 0.585 0.607 0.628 0.618
Discount rate (per cent) 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0
Monetary sector  (percentage change, end of year) 
Broad money  0.2 5.2 6.0 5.4 7.4
Share of real GDP  (per cent) 
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.6
Industry (including mi ning and construction) 30.2 27.0 25.3 24.9 24.8
Services 65.4 68.6 69.8 70.3 70.6
Government finance   (percentage of GDP) 
Fiscal balance -0.7 -3.8 -3.2 -2.3 -3.0
National accounts  (percentage of GDP) 
Private consumption 64.5 62.9 61.9 62.1 62.7
Public consumption 21.4 20.5 19.7 19.3 19.4
Gross fixed capital formation 27.3 25.2 26.5 27.0 26.4
Exports of goods and non-factor services 51.2 43.9 45.6 44.4 45.5
Imports of goods and non-factor services 64.8 54.2 54.3 55.6 56.1
Memorandum     
Current account balance (percentage of GDP) -10.6 -9.7 -6.9 -9.6 -7.8
Gross external debt (percentage of GDP) 49.1 57.5 65.7 72.7 78.5
Gross international reserves (US$ million) 801.2 872.0 850.9 1,148.7 1,241.2
Gross international reserves (months of total imports) 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.9
Import cover (goods; ratio of exports to imports) 64.0 64.8 66.0 62.1 64.1
Trade in goods and non-factor services (percentage of GDP) 116.0 98.1 99.9 100.2 101.6
a The real effective exchange rate index is based on Latvia's 15 major trading partners. An increase in the index indicates rea l 
 appreciation of the lats.  
Source:  IMF, International Financial Statistics,  various issues, Washington, D.C. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 172 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 2 
Balance-of-payments, 1998-2002 
(US$ million) 
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Current account -649.50 - 654.30 -494.50 - 731.60 -647.26 
Trade balance -1,130.20 -1,027.00 -1,058.20 -1,350.50 -1,444.23 
Goods exports 2,011.20 1,889.10 2,058.10 2,215.90 2,575.73 
Goods imports -3,141.40 -2,916.10 -3,116.30 -3,566.40 -4,019.96 
Services balance 302.80 335.70 442.00 496.10 544.52 
Credit 1,108.40 1,024.20 1,212.10 1,188.80 1,252.34 
Debit -805.60 -688.50 -770.10 -692.70 -707.82 
Income (net) 53.40 -55.80 24.30 44.30 -7.30 
Credit 207.40 157.80 215.20 278.20 288.66 
Debit -154.00 -213.60 -190.90 -233.90 -295.96 
Current transfers (net) 124.50 92.80 97. 40 78.50 259.75 
Credit 137.30 113.80 202.80 221.40 537.40 
Debit -12.80 -21.00 -105.40 -142.90 -277.66 
Capital account 14.10 12.60 29.60 44.60 17.72 
Credit 14.10 12.60 38.50 55.90 24.59 
Debit .. .. -8.90 -11.30 -6.87 
Financial account 601.10 768.40 494.00 953.89 698.57 
Direct investment (net ) 302.90 330.60 400. 60 151.50 374.25 
Direct investment (outflows) -54.00 -17.00 -9.40 -12.40 -8.08 
Direct investment (inflows) 356.90 347.60 410.00 163.90 382.33 
Portfolio investment (net) -6.40 273.30 -321.30 127.00 -229.26 
Portfolio investment assets -33.00 57.90 -346.40 -57.10 -219.71 
Portfolio investment liabilitie s  26.60 215.40 25. 10 184.10 -9.55 
Other investment (net) 304.60 164.50 412.80 674.59 540.61 
Other investment assets 75.40 -214.10 -360.50 -66.80 -475.91 
Other investment liabilitie s 229.20 378.60 773. 30 741.39 1016.52 
Net errors and omissions 96.94 38.29 -26.23 47.45 -56.97 
Overall balance 62.64 164.99 2.87 314.34 12.07 
.. Not available. 
Source : IMF, International Financial Statistics , various issues, Washington, D.C. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 173 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 3 
Structure of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total exports (US$ million)    1,305.0    1,811.1    1,723.8    1,869.3    2,000.7    2,284.4 
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 40.1 41.5 43.6 44.2 41.1 42.3 
   Agriculture 37.4 37.2 36.4 35.7 34.4 35.2 
      Food 14.4 10.1 6.2 5.7 8.7 10.1 
         0371 Fish, prepard, presrvd, nes 5.3 2.0 1.1 1.0 2.4 2.4 
         1222 Cigarettes cont g.tobacco 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.4 
         1124 Spirits 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.1 
      Agricultural raw material 23.0 27.1 30.3 30.0 25.7 25.1 
         2482 Wood, conifer, sawn 9.7 15.6 19.3 18.8 15.5 14.0 
         2484 Wood, non-conifer, sawn 0.8 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 
         2475 Wood, non-conif,rough,unt 4.6 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.2 2.6 
         2474 Wood, conif,rough,untrted 5.5 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.5 
         2461 Wood in chips, particles 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.2 
   Mining 2.7 4.3 7.1 8.5 6.7 7.1 
      Ores and other minerals 0.7 1.9 2.3 3.4 1.9 1.4 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.2 0.7 1.9 2.6 3.4 4.2 
         6841 Alum., alum.alloy, unwrght 0.0 0.5 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.6 
      Fuels 1.7 1.7 2.9 2.5 1.4 1.5 
         3223 Peat 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 
              
Manufactures 58.1 57.8 56.2 55.4 58.6 57.5 
   Iron and steel 4.9 5.7 6.3 6.2 5.8 5.6 
         6762 Bar, rod iron, stl.hot-fd 0.2 4.4 5.5 5.6 5.1 4.8 
   Chemicals 6.9 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.4 5.9 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.5 
   Other semi-manufactures 8.7 11.2 11.5 11.8 13.0 13.8 
         6343 Plywood,solely of wood 1.6 2.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0 
         6353 Buildrs.joinery,wood etc 0.1 0.4 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.7 
         6351 Packings, pallets etc. 0.1 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 
   Machinery and transport equipment 16.3 9.0 6.6 7.1 8.3 8.3 
      Power generating machines 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 
      Other non-electrical machinery 3.4 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.7 2.5 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 
      Office machines & telecommuni cation equipment 1.8 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 
      Other electrical machines 4.3 3.0 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.4 
      Automotive products 3.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 
      Other transport equipment 3.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 
   Textiles 9.1 7. 6 6.2 5.6 5.9 5.7 
         6516 Oth.synth.filament yarn 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.9 1.0 
   Clothing 5.6 9.5 10.2 9.3 9.3 8.3 
         8453 Jersys, pullovrs, etc.knit 0.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.9 
   Other consumer goods 6.6 8.6 9.3 9.1 9.9 9.7 
         8215 Furniture, nes, of wood 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.8 
         8218 Parts, mtl, wood furniture 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 
         8928 Printed matter, nes 0.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 
              
Other 1.8 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 174 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 4 
Structure of imports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total imports (US$ million)    1,818.0    3,191.4    2,946.8    3,190.8    3,504.4    4,053.7 
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 34.4 26.2 26.7 28.6 26.5 26.0 
   Agriculture 12.2 14.8 14.4 14.3 14.2 14.9 
      Food 10.5 12.8 12.4 12.3 12.4 12.9 
         0989 Food preparations, nes 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 
         1222 Cigarettes contg.  tobacco 0.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.6 
      Agricultural raw material 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 
   Mining 22.2 11.5 12.2 14.3 12.3 11.0 
      Ores and other minerals 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 
      Fuels 21.2 9.9 10.7 12.3 10.7 9.3 
         3432 Natural gas, gaseous 5.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.4 
         3510 Electric energy 2.8 0.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4 
              
Manufactures 65.4 73.7 73.3 71.3 73.4 73.9 
   Iron and steel 2.9 4.0 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 
   Chemicals 12.7 12.5 13.4 12.5 12.4 12.7 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 2.0 3.1 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.6 
   Other semi-manufactures 10.1 10.7 10.5 10.4 10.7 10.9 
         6911 Metal structures, parts 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 
   Machinery and transport equipment 25.4 30.7 29.9 28.2 30.0 30.7 
      Power generating machines 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.4 1.0 
         7165 Generating sets 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 
      Other non-electrical machinery 7.4 8.6 9.3 8.6 8.8 8.9 
         7281 Mch-tools, special. indust 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.6 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.3 
      Office machines & telecommuni cation equipment 4.8 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.4 
         7643 TV, radio tran smittrs etc 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 
         7599 Parts, data proc. etc. mch 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 
         7649 Parts, telecommun. equipt 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 
         7526 Input or output units 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 
      Other electrical machines 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.9 
         7731 Insultd wire, etc.condctr 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 
      Automotive products 6.3 8.1 6.7 6.5 7.8 8.0 
         7821 Goods vehicles 1.1 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 
         7831 Pub-transport pass vehcl 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 
         7843 Other parts, motor vehicl 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 
         7812 Pass. transport vehicles 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.7 3.8 
         7832 Road tractor, semitrailer 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.7 
      Other transport equipment 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 
   Textiles 3.4 3. 9 3.8 4.1 4.2 3.9 
   Clothing 3.7 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.6 
         8461 Accessories, notknitted 2.4 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 
   Other consumer goods 7.3 8.9 9.7 9.5 9.7 9.5 
         8931 Plastic containers etc. 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 
              
Other 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 175 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 5 
Destination of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total exports (US$ million)    1,305.0    1,811. 1    1,723.8    1,869. 3    2,000.7    2,2844 
  (Per cent) 
  America 1.4 4.1 6.6 5.1 4.1 5.4 
    United States 1.3 2.9 5.7 3.8 2.9 4.3 
    Canada 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.4 
    Other America 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.6 
              
  Europe 96.9 91.8 91.2 90.9 91.2 90.3 
    EC(15) 44.0 56.6 62.6 64.6 61.2 60.4 
      Germany 13.6 15.6 16.9 17.2 16.7 15.5 
      United Kingdom 9.1 13.5 16.4 17.4 15.6 14.6 
      Sweden 9.3 10.3 10.7 10.8 9.6 10.5 
      Denmark 2.0 5.1 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.7 
      Netherlands 2.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 
      Finland 3.2 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 
      Italy 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.2 
      France 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 
      Ireland 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.6 1.1 0.9 
      Spain 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 
    EFTA 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.1 2.4 
      Norway 1.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.7 
    Eastern Europe 50.5 33.3 26.9 24.4 27.5 27.1 
      Poland 2.5 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.6 
      Former USSR 46.9 30.9 24.2 21.6 24.2 24.3 
         Lithuania 5.5 7.4 7.5 7.6 8.1 8.4 
         Estonia 3.1 4.5 4.7 5.3 5.7 6.0 
         Russian Federation 25.3 12.1 6.6 4.2 5.8 5.9 
         Ukraine 5.5 2.9 2.9 2.4 1.7 1.8 
         Belarus 4.3 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.5 
    Other Europe 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 
              
  Asia 1.1 3.1 1.4 1.3 2.3 2.2 
    Middle East 0.5 1.3 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.6 
    East Asia 0.6 1.7 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.5 
      Japan 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 
    South Asia 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
              
  Oceania 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 
              
  Africa 0.6 1.0 0.6 2.3 2.0 1.6 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.1 
    Other Africa 0.2 0.9 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.5 
      Algeria 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5 1.0 1.0 
              
  Other 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 176 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 6 
Origin of imports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total imports (US$ million)    1,818.0    3,191.4    2,946.8    3,190.8    3,504.4    4,053.7 
  (Per cent) 
  America 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.0 
    United States 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 
    Canada 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
    Other America 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 
              
  Europe 94.4 94.1 95.1 94.7 94.5 94.5 
    EC(15) 49.9 55.3 54.5 52.5 52.6 52.9 
      Italy 2.3 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.1 4.2 
      Spain 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 
      Austria 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 1.4 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 
      United Kingdom 2.7 3.1 3.3 2.7 2.4 2.3 
      France 1.6 2.6 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.6 
      Denmark 2.9 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.4 
      Sweden 8.0 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.4 
      Finland 10.4 9.5 9.1 8.6 8.0 8.0 
      Germany 15.4 16.8 15.1 15.7 17.0 17.2 
      Netherlands 3.0 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.4 
    EFTA 1.7 3.1 3.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 
      Switzerland 0.9 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.9 
      Norway 0.8 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 
    Eastern Europe 42.6 35.3 36.0 38.6 38.0 37.4 
      Czech Rep. 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 
      Poland 1.9 3.5 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.0 
      Former USSR 38.8 28.9 28.7 30.7 29.5 29.1 
         Russian Federation 21.7 11.8 10.5 11.6 9.2 8.8 
         Estonia 5.1 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.2 
         Belarus 3.2 1.7 2.9 3.4 3.9 2.7 
         Ukraine 2.3 1.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 
         Lithuania 5.5 6.3 7.3 7.6 8.5 9.8 
    Other Europe 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 
              
  Asia 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.5 
    Middle East 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 
    East Asia 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.0 
    South Asia 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
              
  Oceania 0.9 0. 2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 
              
  Africa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 
    Other Africa 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
              
  Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 177 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 7 
Structure of customs tariffs, 2002 
(Per cent) 
  MFN  
1.   Bound tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) .. 
2.   Duty free tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) 70.3 
3.   Non- ad valorem  tariffs (% of all tariff lines) 0.1 
4.   Tariff quotas (% of all tariff lines) .. 
5.   Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no AVEs (% of all tariff lines) 0.1 
6.   Simple average tariff rate 4.3 
 Agricultural products (HS01-24) 13.0 
 Non-agricultural products (HS25-97) 1.7 
 Agricultural products (WTO definition)a 13.1 
 Non-agricultural products (WTO definition)b 2.0 
7   Domestic tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)c 19.5 
8.   International tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)d 4.4 
9.   Overall standard devi ation of applied rates 8.8 
10.   "Nuisance" applied rates (% of all tariff lines)e 0.6 
.. Not available. 
a WTO Agreement on Agriculture. 
b Excludes petroleum. c Domestic tariff spikes are defined as those exceeding three times the overall simple average applied rate (Indicator 6). 
d International tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15%. 
e Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2%. 
Note Indicator 1 is calculated taking into  account all tariff lines (i.e. in-quota and out-of-quota lines) while others exclude  in-quota 
 lines. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculati ons, based on data provided by Latvia's authorities. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 178 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 8 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS2, 2002 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
 Total/Average 10,562 10,555 4.3 0-75.6 8.8 4,052.8 
01 Live animals 55 55 14.7 0-45 14.9 16.9 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 236 236 23.5 0-36 8.0 43.6 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 325 325 7.0 0-15 7.2 23.1 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  
edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere 
specified or included 175 175 25.0 0-36 10.2 18.6 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere 
specified or included 21 21 11.2 0-15 5.7 2.8 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots and the 
like;  cut flowers a nd ornamental foliage 42 42 11.9 0-15 5.4 8.1 
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 123 123 15.6 0-30 5.8 24.2 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel of citrus fruit or 
melons 149 149 1.1 0-15 3.8 50.4 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 42 42 0.0 0-0 0.0 26.2 
10 Cereals 64 64 5.9 0-50 14.6 4.6 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  starches;  
insulin;  wheat gluten 83 83 36.1 0-55 21.8 10.3 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  misc grains, 
seeds and fruit;  industrial or medicinal plants;  
straw and fodder 88 88 6.3 0-50 16.6 8.1 
13 Lac;  gums, resins and other vegetable saps and 
extracts 18 18 13.3 0-15 4.9 0.9 
14 Vegetable plaiting materials;  vegetable products 
not elsewhere specified or included 8 8 15.0 15-15 0.0 0.0 
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their 
cleavage products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or vegetable waxes 128 128 1.6 0-15 4.7 36.8 
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 92 92 28.6 15-45 14.2 11.8 
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 51 44 3.6 0-15 5.3 14.0 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 27 27 16.7 0-30 15.2 20.6 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;  
pastry cooks' products 52 52 22.6 0-35 11.5 18.5 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other 
parts of plants 330 330 13.7 0-15 3.5 24.9 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 44 44 8.7 0-15 7.4 47.4 
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 176 176 4.5 0-75.6 10.2 69.6 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries;  
prepared animal fodder 71 71 14.2 0-50 13.2 25.0 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 30 30 2.5 0-12 4.6 36.2 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering 
materials, lime and cement 92 92 0.8 0-15 3.4 19.3 
26 Ores, slag and ash 53 53 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.7 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation;  bituminous substances;  mineral waxes 111 111 0.0 0-0 0.0 375.6 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or inorganic 
compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes 266 266 0.0 0-0 0.0 12.6 
29 Organic chemicals 550 550 0.0 0-13 0.6 22.7 
     Table AI.Latvia 8 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 179 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
30 Pharmaceutical products 59 59 0.0 0-0 0.0 183.9 
31 Fertilizers 37 37 0.0 0-0 0.0 18.0 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and their 
derivatives;  dyes, pigmen ts and other colouring 
matter;  paints and varnishes;  putty and other 
mastics;  inks 67 67 0.0 0-0 0.0 48.0 
33 Essential oils and resinoids;  perfumery, 
cosmetic or toilet preparations soap, organic 
surface-active agents, washing preparations, 
lubricating preparati ons, artificial waxes, 
prepared waxes, polishing or scouring 
preparations, candles and similar article 59 59 0.9 0-3 1.4 42.5 
34 Soap, organic surface-ac tive agents, washing 
preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial 
waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring 
preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, dental  waxes and dental 
preparations with a basis 35 35 0.7 0-3 1.3 28.6 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified starches;  
glues;  enzymes 32 32 0.0 0-0 0.0 17.9 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  matches;  
pyrophoric alloys;  certain combustible 
preparations 10 10 8.7 0-20 6.6 0.5 
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 60 60 1.1 0-5 1.1 11.4 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 136 136 0.0 0-0 0.0 36.8 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 265 265 0.7 0-11.2 2.2 165.8 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 112 112 0.0 0-0 0.0 35.6 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and 
leather 79 79 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.7 
42 Articles of animal gut (o ther than silk-worm gut) 38 38 2.6 0-15 2.4 9.5 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 41 41 3.0 0-15 5.6 1.5 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 234 234 0.0 0-0 0.0 66.4 
45 Cork and articles of cork 13 13 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.9 
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other 
plaiting materials;  basketware and wickerwork 12 12 15.0 15-15 0.0 0.3 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic 
material;  recovered (was te and scrap) paper and 
paperboard 23 23 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.5 
48 Paper and paperboard;  ar ticles of paper pulp, of 
paper or of paperboard 208 208 0.0 0-3.4 0.2 145.9 
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other 
products of the printing industry;  manuscripts, 
typescripts and plans 26 26 4.9 0-6.7 3.0 28.2 
50 Silk 26 26 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.4 
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair;  horsehair yarn 
and woven fabric 80 80 0.0 0-0 0.0 11.0 
52 Cotton 162 162 0.6 0-5 1.6 36.4 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn and 
woven fabrics of paper yarn 43 43 9.4 0-15 4.7 3.2 
54 Man-made filaments 88 88 0.0 0-0 0.0 35.3 
55 Man-made staple fibres 168 168 3.0 0-3 0.3 24.2 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special yarns;  
twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles 
thereof 66 66 1.1 0-3 1.5 11.9 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 39 39 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.7 
     Table AI.Latvia 8 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 180 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  
lace;  tapestries;  trimmings;  embroidery 56 56 4.6 0-15 7.0 12.0 
59 Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated 
textile fabrics;  textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial use 42 42 1.8 0-3 1.5 7.5 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 65 65 12.6 0-15 5.5 20.6 
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, 
knitted or crocheted 173 173 14.0 0-15 3.8 35.8 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not 
knitted or crocheted 204 204 14.6 0-15 2.0 60.9 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn 
clothing and worn textile articles;  rags 91 91 2.8 0-3 0.8 14.4 
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such 
articles 82 82 1.7 0-3 1.5 28.2 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 15 15 2.6 0-3 1.1 1.4 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-
sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 9 9 3.0 3-3 0.0 1.2 
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down;  artificial flowers;  articles of human hair 8 8 3.0 3-3 0.0 0.3 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica 
or similar materials 74 
 74 11.3 0-15 5.9 42.7 
69 Ceramic products 53 53 10.7 3-15 5.8 24.7 
70 Glass and glassware 131 131 8.8 0-15 7.1 37.9 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-
precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof;  
imitation jewellery;  coin 63 63 1.0 0-3 1.4 8.7 
72 Iron and steel 432 432 0.0 0-0 0.0 120.1 
73 Articles of iron or steel 273 273 0.5 0-15 2.2 120.0 
74 Copper and articles thereof 69 69 0.0 0-0 0.0 7.4 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 18 18 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.2 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 64 64 0.0 0-0 0.0 45.1 
78 Lead and articles thereof 13 13 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.2 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 12 12 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.2 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8 8 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.1 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles thereof 73 73 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.6 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of 
base metal;  parts thereof of base metal 105 105 0.5 0-3 1.1 19.6 
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 50 50 2.4 0-3 1.2 28.5 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and 
mechanical appliances;  parts thereof 1,027 1,027 0.0 0-3 0.2 496.9 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts 
thereof;  sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such 
articles 655 655 0.0 0-0 0.0 365.1 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock 
and parts thereof;  railway or tramway track 
fixtures and fittings and parts thereof;  
mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds 40 40 5.8 0-15 7.3 13.4 
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-
stock, and parts and accessories thereof 180 180 0.3 0-15 1.9 369.0 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 34 34 0.0 0-0 0.0 9.7 
     Table AI.Latvia 8 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 181 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 40 40 6.4 0-15 7.5 4.9 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, 
measuring, checking, precision, medical or 
surgical instruments and apparatus;  parts and accessories thereof 300 300 0.1 0-3 0.4 78.6 
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 63 63 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.0 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories of 
such articles 34 34 0.4 0-15 2.6 1.0 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories 
thereof 30 30 12.0 0-15 6.1 3.3 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress 
supports, cushions and similar stuffed 
furnishings;  lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included;  illuminated 
signs, illuminated name-plates 98 98 0.9 0-3 1.4 81.9 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and 
accessories thereof 79 79 1.6 0-5.6 2.0 26.7 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 72 72 2.5 0-3 1.1 13.5 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques 7 7 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.1 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on da ta provided by Latvia's authorities. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 182 
 
 
Table AI.Latvia 9 
Applied MFN tariff statistics, by ISIC Rev.2 category, 2002  
ISIC 
code  Description  Number 
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
  (Per cent) US$ million 
 Total 10,562 4.3 0-75.6 8.8 4,052.8 
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 686 7.1 0-50 11.4 149.1 
11 Agriculture and hunting 490 8.1 0-50 12.7 126.6 
12 Forestry and logging 64 4.5 0-15 6.9 16.9 
121 Forestry 21 13.6 0-15 4.5 0.3 
122 Logging 43 0.0 0-0 0.0 16.7 
13 Fishing 132 4.6 0-15 6.3 5.6 
1301 Ocean and coastal fish ing 114 4.0 0-15 5.9 1.9 
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 18 8.5 0-15 7.5 3.7 
2 Mining and quarrying 133 0.0 0-0 0.0 24.3 
21 Coal mining 6 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.7 
22 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 9 0.0 0-0 0.0 5.2 
23 Metal ore mining 27 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
2301 Mining of iron ores 2 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
2302 Non-ferrous ore mining 25 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
29 Other mining 91 0.0 0-0 0.0 15.3 
2901 Mining of feldspar 44 0.0 0-0 0.0 10.4 
2902 Mining of fertilizer and chemi cal minerals 13 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.3 
2903 Salt mining 5 0.0 0-0 0.0 2.9 
2909 Mining and quarrying n.e.s. 29 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.8 
            
3 Manufacturing 9,742 4.1 0-75.6 8.6 3,822.8 
3 - 31 - - Manufacturing (excluding food processing) 7,925 1.7 0-20 4.3 3,398.4 
            
31 Manufacture of food, beverages a nd tobacco 1,817 14. 7 0-75.6 13.4 424.3 
311 Food products 1,477 16.7 0-55 13.4 236.0 
3111 Meat products 306 24.7 0-45 11.8 54.5 
3112 Dairy products 156 24.7 0-36 10.9 29.2 
3113 Fruit and vegetable canning 426 12.6 0-15 5.0 36.1 
3114 Fish products 248 9.9 0-15 7.0 22.8 
3115 Manufacture of oil and fats (veg. and animal) 129 2.1 0-15 5.2 45.9 
3116 Grain mill products 117 29.5 0-55 23.6 9.3 
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 33 27.7 0-35 11.5 9.2 
3118 Sugar products 16 8.3 0-15 7.9 2.0 
3119 Cocoa and chocolate confec tionery 46 14.5 0-30 12.0 27.0 
312 Other food products and animal feeds 151 7.4 0-30 7.6 84.6 
3121 Other food products 108 6.3 0-30 8.0 69.1 
3122 Manufacture of animal feeds 43 10.4 0-15 5.5 15.5 
313 Beverages 180 4.4 0-75.6 10.1 76.3 
3131 Distillation of spirits and alcohol  production 55 8. 5 0-75.6 15.8 26.6 
3132 Manufacture of wines 108 2.5 0-15 5.2 21.0 
3133 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 8 0.0 0-0 0.0 15.3 
3134 Soft drinks and mineral waters 9 6.1 0-15 5.5 13.4 
314 Tobacco manufacturi ng 9 7.1 0-12 5.4 27.4 
3140 Tobacco products 9 7.1 0-12 5.4 27.4 
32 Textile, wearing apparel and leat her industries 1,476 5.5 0-15 6.5 316.8 
321 Textiles 1,071 4. 5 0-15 6.0 216.8 
3211 Textile spinning, weaving a nd finishing 593 2. 0 0-15 3.6 121.9 
3212 Made-up textile goods except wear ing apparel 98 2. 4 0-3 1.2 15.3 
3213 Knitted and crocheted fa brics 238 13.6 0-15 4.4 56.4 
3214 Carpets and rugs 39 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.7 
3215 Cordage, rope, etc 24 3.0 3-3 0.0 1.9 
3219 Textiles n.e.c. 79 0.9 0-3 1.4 16.7 
322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, ex cept footwear 225 13.5 0-15 4.0 66.6 
323 Leather products, except footwear and wearing 
apparel 122 1.4 0-15 3.3 9.9 
3231 Tanning and dressing of l eather 60 0.0 0-0 0.0 2.1 
3232 Fur dressing and dying 31 2.9 0-15 5.4 1.5 
3233 Leather products except footwear 31 2.7 0-15 2.6 6.4 
324 Footwear, except vulcanized rubber or plastic 
footwear 58 1.7 0-3 1.5 23.4 
33 Wood and wood products, including furniture 240 0.9 0-15 3.3 89.0 
Table AI.Latvia 9 (cont'd)European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 183 
 
 
ISIC 
code  Description  Number 
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
331 Wood and wood products, except furniture 193 0.9 0-15 3.6 44.1 
3311 Sawmills and wood mills  150 0.0 0-0 0.0 38.7 
3312 Wooden case containers and cane ware 16 11.3 0-15 6.7 2.4 
3319 Wood and cork products 27 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.0 
332 Manuf. of furniture & fixtures, except primarily of 
metal 47 0.5 0-3 1.1 44.9 
            
34 Paper, paper products, printing a nd publishing 267 0.5 0-6.7 1.7 167.0 
341 Paper products 226 0.0 0-3.4 0.2 127.6 
3411 Pulp, paper and paperboard 146 0.0 0-3.4 0.3 49.5 
3412 Containers, paper boxes, pa perboard 9 0.0 0-0 0.0 23.9 
3419 Articles n.e.s.(stationery) 71 0.0 0-0 0.0 54.1 
342 Printing and publishing and allied industries 41 3. 1 0-6.7 3.4 39.5 
            
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, r ubber, plastics 1,824 0.4 0-20 1.9 930.5 
351 Industrial chemicals 1,152 0.2 0-13 1.1 189.5 
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 821 0.0 0-13 0.5 48.8 
3512 Fertilizers and pesticid es 63 0.0 0-0 0.0 34.6 
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic material s except glass 268 0.6 0-11.2 2.1 106.0 
352 Other chemicals, incl. pharm. 443 0.9 0-20 3.0 327.2 
3521 Paints, varnishes and l acquers 32 0.0 0-0 0.0 37.5 
3522 Drugs and medicines 156 0.0 0-0 0.0 184.6 
3523 Soaps 38 1.8 0-3 1.5 60.9 
3529 Other chemicals n.e.s. 217 1.6 0-20 4.0 44.2 
353 Petroleum refineries 64 0.0 0-0 0.0 306.1 
354 Manuf. of miscellaneous petroleum & coal products 17 2.6 0-15 5.9 14.5 
355 Rubber products 112 0.4 0-3 1.1 35.9 
3551 Tyre and tube industries 32 0.0 0-0 0.0 20.1 
3559 Rubber products n.e.s. 80 0.6 0-3 1.2 15.8 
356 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.s. 36 2.8 0-3 0.7 57.3 
36 Non-metallic mineral products except of petrol. & 
coal 283 9.2 0-15 6.8 104.0 
361 Pottery and china 25 8.2 0-15 6.8 8.7 
362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 130 8.9 0-15 7.0 33.8 
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 128 9.6 0-15 6.7 61.5 
3691 Structural clay products 34 10.7 0-15 6.0 17.7 
3692 Ciment, lime and plaster 10 7.5 0-15 7.9 4.4 
3699 Non-metallic mineral pr oducts 84 9.4 0-15 6.9 39.4 
            
37 Basic metal industries 772 0.0 0-0 0.0 194.8 
371 Iron and steel basic industries 520 0.0 0-0 0.0 151.3 
372 Non-ferrous metal basic i ndustries 252 0.0 0-0 0.0 43.5 
            
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 2,755 0.4 0-15 2.2 1,523.9 
381 Fabricated metal products, except machinery & 
equip. 355 0.9 0-15 2.2 157.2 
3811 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 92 1.2 0-3 1.5 33.7 
3812 Metal furniture and fixtures 20 0.6 0-3 1.2 10.5 
3813 Structural metal products 37 0.3 0-3 0.9 49.8 
3819 Fabricated metal prod. excpt mach. & equip. n.e.c. 206 0.8 0-15 2.6 63.1 
382 Non-electrical machinery incl. computers 1,005 0.2 0-15 1.8 507.0 
3821 Engines and turbines 37 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.6 
3822 Agricultural machinery 24 0.0 0-0 0.0 26.7 
3823 Metal and woodworking machinery 218 0.1 0-3 0.5 63.8 
3824 Special industrial machinery 224 0.0 0-0 0.0 109.2 
3825 Office machinery 66 0.0 0-0 0.0 113.0 
3829 Non-electrical machinery and equipment, n.e.s. 436 0.5 0-15 2.7 189.7 
383 Electrical machinery apparatus, appl iances & supplies 666 0.1 0-3 0.4 386.5 
3831 Electrical motors and apparatus 157 0.0 0-0 0.0 89.2 
3832 Radio, telivision and communica tion equipment 308 0.0 0-0 0.0 187.3 
3833 Electrical appliances and houseware 44 0.1 0-3 0.5 23.2 
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 157 0.2 0-3 0.8 86.7 
384 Transport equipment 353 1.5 0-15 4.5 383.4 
3841 Ship building and repairing 63 4.0 0-15 6.7 5.8 
3842 Raiway and tramway 40 5.8 0-15 7.3 13.4 
3843 Motor vehicles 162 0.2 0-15 1.7 343.1 
Table AI.Latvia 9 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 184 
 
 
ISIC 
code  Description  Number 
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
3844 Motorcycles et bicycles 34 0.0 0-0 0.0 7.6 
3845 Aircraft manufacture 48 0.0 0-0 0.0 9.8 
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 6 2.5 0-15 6.1 3.7 
385 Professional and scientific equipment 376 0.0 0-3 0.4 89.8 
3851 Prof., scientif., measuring equipment 219 0.0 0-0 0.0 74.4 
3852 Photographic and optical goods 94 0.2 0-3 0.7 12.3 
3853 Watches and clocks 63 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.0 
39 Other manufacturing industries 308 1.9 0-15 2.8 72.4 
3901 Jewellery and related ar ticles 21 2.4 0-3 1.2 7.9 
3902 Musical instruments 34 0.4 0-15 2.6 1.0 
3903 Sporting goods 40 1.9 0-5.6 1.7 13.2 
3909 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 213 2.1 0-15 3.1 50.2 
            
4 Electrical energy 1 0.0 0-0 0.0 56.5 
Source:  WTO Secretariat calculati ons, based on data provided by Latvia's authorities. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 185 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 1 
Main economic indicators, 1998-02 
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Miscellaneous      
GDP (litai, million) 43,555 42,608 44, 698 47,498 50,679 
GDP (US$ million) 10, 889 10,652 11,174 11,874 13,927 
Real GDP (annual percentage change) 7.3 -1.8 4.0 6.5 6.7 
Unemployment rate (per cent) 6.4 8.4 11.5 12.5 11.3 
Average consumer price index (end of period;  percentage change) 2.4 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.3 
Real effective exchange rate index (1995=100)a .. 159.8 168.4 165.6 169.8 
Exchange rate (litai per US$; e nd of period) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.3 
Money market interest rate (per cent) 6.12 6.26 3.60 3.37 2.21 
Monetary sector (percentage change, end of year) 
Broad money 14.5 7.7 16.5 21.4 16.9 
Share of real GDP (per cent) 
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 10.0 8.5 8.0 7.2 7.1 
Industry (including mining and cons truction) 32.3 31.1 30.3 31.5 30.7 
Services 57.7 60.4 61.7 61.3 62.2 
Government finance (percentage of GDP) 
Fiscal balance -5.9 -8.5 -2.8 -2.0 -1.2 
National accounts (percentage of GDP) 
Private consumption 60.7 64.6 64.2 64.2 63.4 
Public consumption 24.7 22.6 22.1 20.2 20.0 
Gross fixed capital formation 24.6 22.5 19.2 20.6 20.7 
Exports of goods and non-factor services 46.6 39.8 45.7 50.9 54.0 
Imports of goods and non-factor services 58.8 50.1 52.2 56.4 59.7 
Memorandum      
Current account balance (percentage of GDP) -11.9 -11.2 -6.0 -4.8 -5.3 
Gross external debt (percentage of GDP) 34.4 42.5 43.5 44.4 44.7 
Gross international reserves (US$ million) 1,409 1,195 1,311 1,617 2,349 
Gross international reserves (months of total imports) 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.8 
Import cover (goods; ratio of exports to imports) 72.3 69.1 78.6 81.5 82.1 
Trade in goods and non-factor services (percentage of GDP) 104.9 89.9 97.9 107.0 113.7 
.. Not available. 
a The real effective exchange rate index is based on Lithuania' s 21 major trading partners.  An increase in the index indicates  real 
 appreciation of the litai. 
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistis , various issues, Washington, D.C. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 186 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 2 
Balance-of-payments, 1998-02 
(US$ million) 
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Current account -1298.21 - 1193.98 -674.90 - 573.58 -720.70 
Trade balance -1518.32 -1404.56 -1103.77 -1108.02 -1314.87 
Goods exports 3961.57 3146.68 4050.37 4888.95 6028.41 
Goods imports -5479.90 -4551.25 -5154.14 -5996.97 -7343.27 
Services balance 240.51 305.48 380.08 456.68 548.74 
Credit 1108.97 1091.54 1058.75 1157.00 1463.71 
Debit -868.46 -786.06 -678.67 -700.33 -914.97 
Income (net) -255.40 -257.74 -193.78 -179.75 -183.34 
Credit 124.58 114.82 185.51 205.70 191.61 
Debit -379.98 -372.56 -379.29 -385.45 -374.95 
Current transfers (net) 235.00 162.84 242. 57 257.53 228.77 
Credit 240.38 167.40 246.85 262.00 231.72 
Debit -5.38 -4.55 -4.28 -4.48 -2.95 
Capital account -1.65 -3.29 2.15 1.40 56.48 
Credit 0.93 2.67 2.59 1.50 56.85 
Debit -2.58 -5.96 -0.45 -0.10 -0.36 
Financial account 1443.85 1060.70 702.40 777.60 1048.39 
Direct investment (net ) 921.33 477.84 375. 18 438.73 694.78 
Direct investment (outflows) -4.20 -8.62 -3.70 -7.10 -17.67 
Direct investment (inflows) 925.53 486.46 378.88 445.83 712.45 
Portfolio investment (net) -52.75 505.59 264.55 264.25 24.30 
Portfolio investment assets -10.05 -1.95 -141.38 26.23 -124.51 
Portfolio investment liab ilities -42.70 507.54 405.93 238.03 148.81 
Other investment (net) 575.28 77.27 62.68 75.95 332.35 
Other investment assets -24.03 -182.47 39.91 -224.98 154.70 
Other investment liabilitie s 599.30 259.74 22. 77 300.93 177.66 
Net errors and omissions 282.86 -42.15 128.35 153.62 78.50 
Overall balance 426.85 -178.72 157.99 359.05 462.68 
Source : IMF, International Financial Statistics , various issues, Washington, D.C. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 187 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 3 
Structure of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total exports (US$ million)   2, 705.7    3,710.7    3,003.8    3,809.2    4,583. 0    5,475.3  
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 42.3 38.5 34.5 39.8 41.6 35.6 
   Agriculture 25.9 18.1 18.5 16.8 16.6 15.1 
      Food 18.1 13.8 12.4 11.6 12.3 10.7 
         0249 Other cheese; curd 0.6 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.9 
         0819 Food waste, animal feeds 0.2 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 
      Agricultural raw material 7.8 4.3 6.1 5.2 4.3 4.5 
         2482 Wood, conifer, sawn 2.8 1.7 2.4 2.1 1.5 1.6 
         2484 Wood, non-conifer, sawn 0.2 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 
   Mining 16.4 20.4 16.0 22.9 24.9 20.5 
      Ores and other minerals 4.5 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.6 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 
      Fuels 11.4 18.6 14.4 20.9 23.1 18.6 
         3510 Electric energy 1.9 3.2 2.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 
              
Manufactures 57.7 61.4 65.3 60.0 58.2 64.2 
   Iron and steel 2.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.9 
         6715 Other ferro-alloys 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 
   Chemicals 14.3 10.9 11.0 9.5 7.5 7.4 
         5621 Nitrogenous chem.fertlzr 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.0 
         5629 Fertilizers,  nes 1.6 2.5 3. 8 2.6 1.4 2.0 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 
   Other semi-manufactures 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.6 6.3 5.9 
   Machinery and transport equipment 15.7 18.8 16.6 17.3 19.9 26.0 
      Power generating machines 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 
      Other non-electrical machinery 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.1 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 
      Office machines & telecommuni cation equipment 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.3 
         7761 TV picture tubes, CRT, etc 2.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.2 1.9 
      Other electrical machines 2.9 3.9 4.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 
         7731 Insultd wire, etc.condctr 0.8 2.0 2.5 1.9 1.5 1.4 
         7752 Dom.refrigeratrs, freezrs 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 
      Automotive products 3.4 6.2 2.6 3.3 6.2 7.2 
         7812 Pass.transport vehicles 2.6 5.2 1.8 2.7 5.3 6.3 
      Other transport equipment 1.9 2.2 2.9 3.6 3.2 8.9 
         7932 Ships, boats, othr.vessels 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.7 6.2 
   Textiles 6.0 6. 9 7.4 5.6 4.5 4.2 
   Clothing 7.6 11.4 15.1 12.7 11.4 10.4 
         8426 Trousers, breech es etc. 0.6 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 
         8414 Trousers, breech es,etc. 0.6 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 
         8427 Blouses, shirt-blouse,etc 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 
   Other consumer goods 5.0 5.8 7.3 7.4 7.7 8.4 
         8215 Furniture, nes, of wood 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.1 
         8931 Plastic containers etc. 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.3 
         8211 Convertible seats, parts 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 
              
Other 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 188 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 4 
Structure of imports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total imports (US$ million)  3,648.6   5,793. 8   4,834.5   5,456.0   6,352.8   7,708.6  
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 40.3 29.5 30.9 36.7 33.9 29.0 
   Agriculture 17.0 13.2 13.8 12.7 12.1 10.6 
      Food 13.1 10.6 10.8 9.7 9.2 7.9 
      Agricultural raw material 3.9 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 
   Mining 23.3 16.2 17.1 24.0 21.8 18.4 
      Ores and other minerals 2.9 1.4 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.2 
         2723 Natural calc.phosphates 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.7 
      Non-ferrous metals 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 
      Fuels 19.4 14.3 14.7 21.7 20.3 16.4 
         3330 Crude petroleum 8.1 8.8 9.9 16.7 15.7 13.0 
         3432 Natural gas, gaseous 5.1 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.1 2.6 
              
Manufactures 57.8 68.8 66.8 60.7 64.0 68.9 
   Iron and steel 4.0 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.8 
         6715 Other ferro-alloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 
   Chemicals 12.5 11.9 12.8 12.3 12.2 11.5 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 1.5 2.3 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.6 
         5743 Polycarbonates, etc. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 
   Other semi-manufactures 7.3 8.4 8.6 7.5 7.6 7.6 
   Machinery and transport equipment 21.7 30.7 26.0 24.3 28.2 33.5 
      Power generating machines 0.2 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 
         7187 Nuclear reactor s,pts nes 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.7 
      Other non-electrical machinery 6.1 7.8 7.6 6.0 6.1 6.4 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.8 
      Office machines & telecommuni cation equipment 4.1 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.6 5.7 
         7643 TV,radio tran smittrs etc 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 
         7649 Parts, telecommun. equipt 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 
         7611 Colour televisn  receiver 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 
         7526 Input or output units 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 
      Other electrical machines 2.9 4.4 4.2 3.7 3.8 4.1 
         7731 Insultd wire, etc.condctr 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 
         7725 Switch.apparatus, <1000v 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 
      Automotive products 6.2 10.1 5.7 6.2 9.1 9.7 
         7821 Goods vehicles 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 
         7832 Road tractor, semitrailer 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.8 1.2 0.8 
         7812 Pass.transport vehicles 3.9 6.8 3.4 4.0 6.1 7.1 
         7843 Other parts, motor vehicl 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 
      Other transport equipment 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.6 2.5 6.6 
         7932 Ships, boats, othr.vessels 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.5 4.4 
         7862 Trailers, transport goods 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.6 
   Textiles 5.2 6. 3 7.5 6.6 6.1 5.6 
   Clothing 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.2 
   Other consumer goods 5.7 7.2 8.0 6.0 6.1 5.8 
              
Other 1.8 1.7 2.2 2.7 2.1 2.1 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev. 3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 189 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 5 
Destination of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total exports (US$ million)    2, 705.7    3,710.7    3,003.8    3,809.2     4,583.0    5,475.3 
  (Per cent) 
  America 1.2 3.7 5.3 5.7 4.4 4.5 
    United States 0.7 2.8 4.4 4.9 3.8 3.5 
    Canada 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 
    Other America 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 
              
  Europe 97.5 94.6 93.2 92.6 94.1 91.8 
    EC(15) 36.3 38.0 50.1 47.9 47.8 48.3 
      United Kingdom 3.1 3.5 5.1 7.8 13.8 13.3 
      Germany 14.4 13.1 16.0 14.3 12.6 10.4 
      Denmark 2.7 4.1 6.2 4.9 4.5 5.1 
      Sweden 2.5 2.6 4.2 4.4 3.7 4.2 
      France 1.7 3.5 4.7 4.4 3.3 4.1 
      Netherlands 4.9 2.5 3.5 4.8 2.9 3.2 
      Italy 1.9 4.1 4.2 2.3 2.0 2.8 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 
      Finland 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.2 
      Spain 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.1 
    EFTA 3.2 2.2 2.7 2.5 1.9 4.2 
      Norway 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.4 
      Switzerland 2.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 0.6 1.8 
    Eastern Europe 56.9 53.4 39.3 40.5 42.9 37.4 
      Poland 3.9 3.0 4.5 5.5 6.3 3.5 
      Former USSR 51.6 49.4 33.3 33.5 35.6 32.6 
         Russian Federation 20.4 16.5 7.0 7.1 11.0 12.1 
         Latvia 7.1 11.1 12.8 15.0 12.6 9.7 
         Estonia 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.3 3.2 3.8 
         Belarus 10.8 8.9 5.9 2.9 3.9 3.2 
         Ukraine 7.5 7.8 3.7 4.4 3.4 2.6 
    Other Europe 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.9 
      Turkey 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.7 
              
  Asia 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 3.4 
    Middle East 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.4 
    East Asia 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.8 
    South Asia 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 
              
  Oceania 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
              
  Africa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 
    Other Africa 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
              
  Other 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 190 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 6 
Origin of imports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Total imports (US$ million)    3,648.6    5,793.8    4,834.5    5,456.0    6,352.8    7,708.6 
  (Per cent) 
  America 3.4 2.9 3.3 1.9 2.2 3.9 
    United States 1.9 2.6 2.9 1.5 1.9 2.8 
    Canada 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 
    Other America 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.9 
              
  Europe 93.2 94.7 93.9 95.4 94.7 84.5 
    EC(15) 37.1 50.2 49.7 46.5 48.0 44.5 
      United Kingdom 3.1 3.2 3.8 4.3 3.1 3.3 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 1.5 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.0 
      Netherlands 2.6 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.8 2.2 
      Finland 3.3 4.2 4.3 3.5 3.3 2.3 
      Sweden 2.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.3 
      France 1.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.9 
      Italy 2.4 3.4 3.4 2.8 3.1 4.9 
      Germany 14.3 20.0 18.0 17.0 19.3 17.0 
      Denmark 3.5 4.6 4.9 4.2 4.1 2.9 
    EFTA 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.5 
      Norway 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.5 
    Eastern Europe 53.2 41.2 41.3 45.9 43.9 36.1 
      Poland 4.2 6.6 7.0 6.3 6.4 4.8 
      Czech Rep. 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 
      Former USSR 45.3 31.4 30.8 36.9 35.0 28.7 
         Belarus 3.6 2.3 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.5 
         Russian Federation 29.5 20.2 19.4 26.7 24.5 21.2 
         Kazakhstan 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.5 
         Latvia 3.1 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.3 1.6 
         Ukraine 3.7 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 
    Other Europe 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.4 
              
  Asia 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.0 9.2 
    Middle East 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.1 
    East Asia 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 7.7 
      China 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.4 
      Japan 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.1 
    South Asia 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 
              
  Oceania 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 
              
  Africa 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 
    Other Africa 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 
              
  Other 1.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.6 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 191 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 7 
Structure of customs tariffs, 2002 
(Per cent) 
  MFN  Bound rate  
1.   Bound tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) 100.0 100.0 
2.   Duty free tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) 69.6 24.3 
3.   Non- ad valorem  tariffs (% of all tariff lines) 2.3 2.4 
4.   Tariff quotas (% of all tariff lines) .. .. 
5.   Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no AVEs (% of all tariff lines) 2.3 2.4 
6.   Simple average tariff rate 4.7 10.5 
 Agricultural products (HS01-24) 13.0 18.6 
 Non-agricultural products (HS25-97) 2.3 8.1 
 Agricultural products (WTO definition)a 14.0 19.1 
 Non-agricultural products (WTO definition)b 2.3 8.3 
7   Domestic tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)c 12.7 3.5 
8.   International tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)d 8.7 14.1 
9.   Overall standard devia tion of applied rates 10.2 10.2 
10.   "Nuisance" applied rates (% of all tariff lines)e 0.0 0.2 
.. Not available. 
a WTO Agreement on Agriculture. 
b Excludes petroleum. c Domestic tariff spikes are defined as those exceeding three times the overall simple average applied rate (indicator 6). 
d International tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15%. 
e Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2%. 
Note Indicator 1 is calculated taking into  account all tariff lines (i.e. in-quota and out-of-quota lines) while others exclude  in-quota 
 lines. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculati ons, based on data provided by Lithuania's authorities. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 192 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 8 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS2, 2002 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
 Total/Average 11,071 10,813 4.7 0-87 10.2 7,557.2 
01 Live animals 60 60 18.3 0-20 5.6 2.4 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 251 251 32.1 0-50 12.5 24.9 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 361 361 1.1 0-30 5.7 71.4 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  
edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere 
specified or included 179 179 32.9 0-54 10.3 14.9 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere 
specified or included 26 26 3.7 0-5 2.3 12.2 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots and the 
like;  cut flowers a nd ornamental foliage 47 47 11.0 5-50 11.9 5.2 
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 123 123 8.9 0-50 11.9 24.3 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel of citrus fruit or 
melons 143 143 2.4 0-20 4.8 72.4 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 42 42 2.1 0-5 2.5 33.7 
10 Cereals 55 55 5.3 0-50 14.0 19.1 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  starches;  
insulin;  wheat gluten 91 91 20.0 0-50 15.3 17.4 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  misc grains, 
seeds and fruit;  industrial or medicinal plants;  
straw and fodder 79 79 0.8 0-30 4.7 18.0 
13 Lac;  gums, resins and other vegetable saps and 
extracts 19 19 3.2 0-5 2.5 1.9 
14 Vegetable plaiting materials;  vegetable products 
not elsewhere specified or included 8 8 5.0 5-5 0.0 0.1 
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their 
cleavage products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or vegetable waxes 146 146 4.4 0-50 9.1 49.9 
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 94 94 33.5 5-50 15.6 15.4 
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 54 46 42.3 0-87 35.3 13.2 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 69 69 27.0 0-35 8.8 18.8 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;  
pastry cooks' products 66 66 18.0 0-35 14.7 17.7 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other 
parts of plants 359 359 6.5 0-40 7.3 29.3 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 88 86 5.4 0-30 5.6 56.3 
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 277 33 16.3 0-40 15.7 45.6 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries;  
prepared animal fodder 68 68 2.9 0-20 5.2 48.3 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 33 29 1.0 0-30 5.6 25.9 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering 
materials, lime and cement 92 92 1.3 0-25 5.0 87.4 
26 Ores, slag and ash 53 53 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.0 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation;  bituminous substances;  mineral waxes 143 143 1.8 0-15 4.9 1,268.1 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or inorganic 
compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes 267 267 0.3 0-30 2.4 38.5 
29 Organic chemicals 596 596 0.1 0-15 0.9 25.5 
     Table AI.Lithuania 8 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 193 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
30 Pharmaceutical products 59 59 0.0 0-0 0.0 254.6 
31 Fertilizers 37 37 0.4 0-6.5 1.5 35.3 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and their 
derivatives;  dyes, pigmen ts and other colouring 
matter;  paints and varnishes;  putty and other 
mastics;  inks 67 67 0.0 0-0 0.0 84.6 
33 Essential oils and resinoids;  perfumery, cosmetic 
or toilet preparations so ap, organic surface-active 
agents, washing preparations, lubricating 
preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and 
similar article 78 78 0.0 0-0 0.0 72.3 
34 Soap, organic surface-ac tive agents, washing 
preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial 
waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring 
preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, dental  waxes and dental 
preparations with a basis 44 44 3.1 0-6.5 3.3 47.9 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified starches;  
glues;  enzymes 33 33 0.0 0-0 0.0 15.3 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  matches;  
pyrophoric alloys;  certain combustible 
preparations 10 10 2.5 0-25 7.9 2.1 
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 60 60 0.0 0-0 0.0 14.9 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 151 151 0.2 0-5 1.1 67.5 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 275 275 1.5 0-6.5 2.7 323.3 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 112 112 0.0 0-0 0.0 75.8 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and 
leather 79 79 0.0 0-0 0.0 39.0 
42 Articles of animal gut (o ther than silk-worm gut) 38 38 9.7 0-10 1.6 9.0 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 41 41 0.5 0-5 1.5 11.5 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 177 177 2.8 0-15 4.6 105.5 
45 Cork and articles of cork 13 13 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.8 
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other 
plaiting materials;  basketware and wickerwork 12 12 9.2 0-10 2.9 0.4 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic 
material;  recovered (was te and scrap) paper and 
paperboard 23 23 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.5 
48 Paper and paperboard;  ar ticles of paper pulp, of 
paper or of paperboard 210 210 0.4 0-20 2.3 157.6 
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other 
products of the printing industry;  manuscripts, 
typescripts and plans 43 43 0.0 0-0 0.0 31.2 
50 Silk 26 26 7.0 0-13 6.6 2.2 
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair;  horsehair yarn 
and woven fabric 80 80 5.3 0-13 6.4 67.0 
52 Cotton 170 170 5.8 0-13 6.3 79.8 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn and 
woven fabrics of paper yarn 43 43 5.3 0-30 10.1 31.6 
54 Man-made filaments 88 88 5.9 0-13 6.3 74.7 
55 Man-made staple fibres 168 168 6.0 0-13 6.5 126.7 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special yarns;  
twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles 
thereof 66 66 0.0 0-0 0.0 20.2 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 39 39 18.6 16.6-
22.2 2.5 5.8 
     Table AI.Lithuania 8 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 194 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  
lace;  tapestries;  trimmings;  embroidery 57 57 8.1 0-10 4.0 25.6 
59 Impregnated, coated, cove red or laminated textile 
fabrics;  textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial use 42 42 0.5 0-10 2.2 16.2 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 65 65 11.7 0-13 1.6 44.1 
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, 
knitted or crocheted 171 171 14.9 0-15 1.1 43.4 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not 
knitted or crocheted 204 204 14.9 0-15 1.1 41.0 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn 
clothing and worn textile articles;  rags 91 91 7.9 0-13.4 6.3 25.3 
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such 
articles 82 82 8.7 0-10 3.4 40.3 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 15 15 10.0 10-10 0.0 1.4 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-
sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 9 9 7.2 5-15 4.4 0.9 
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down;  artificial flowers;  articles of human hair 8 8 10.0 10-10 0.0 0.5 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica 
or similar materials 82 82 1.8 0-30 6.0 34.5 
69 Ceramic products 53 53 4.0 0-15 2.7 32.8 
70 Glass and glassware 139 139 4.0 0-30 5.6 48.0 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-
precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof;  
imitation jewellery;  coin 63 63 0.0 0-0 0.0 23.6 
72 Iron and steel 432 432 0.0 0-0 0.0 256.3 
73 Articles of iron or steel 279 279 0.1 0-15 1.3 139.5 
74 Copper and articles thereof 69 69 0.0 0-0 0.0 14.4 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 18 18 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.2 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 64 64 0.0 0-0 0.0 39.0 
78 Lead and articles thereof 13 13 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.4 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 12 12 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.9 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8 8 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.1 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles thereof 73 73 0.0 0-0 0.0 7.0 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of 
base metal;  parts thereof of base metal 105 105 0.0 0-0 0.0 23.4 
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 51 51 1.5 0-20 4.6 44.1 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and 
mechanical appliances;  parts thereof 1,029 1,029 0.3 0-20 2.2 767.4 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts 
thereof;  sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such 
articles 655 655 0.8 0-20 2.9 567.9 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock 
and parts thereof;  railway or tramway track 
fixtures and fittings and parts thereof;  
mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds 40 40 0.0 0-0 0.0 14.0 
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-
stock, and parts and accessories thereof 229 229 0.9 0-10 2.6 832.6 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 34 34 0.0 0-0 0.0 55.7 
     Table AI.Lithuania 8 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 195 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2002
(US$ million) 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 39 39 0.0 0-0 0.0 344.3 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, 
measuring, checking, precision, medical or 
surgical instruments and apparatus;  parts and accessories thereof 300 300 0.0 0-10 0.6 122.7 
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 63 63 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.4 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories of 
such articles 33 33 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.0 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories 
thereof 30 30 0.0 0-0 0.0 10.6 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress 
supports, cushions and similar stuffed 
furnishings;  lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included;  illuminated 
signs, illuminated name-plates 124 124 14.5 0-25 10.3 67.7 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and 
accessories thereof 80 80 0.0 0-0 0.0 21.2 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 72 72 1.8 0-10 2.8 25.9 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques 7 7 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.2 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data  provided by Lithuania's authorities. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 196 
 
 
Table AI.Lithuania 9 
Applied MFN tariff statistics, by ISIC Rev.2 category, 2002  
ISIC 
code  Description  Number
of lines  Simple
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
 (Per cent) US$ million 
 Total 11,071 4.7 0-87 10.2 7,557.2 
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 693 5.2 0-50 10.1 175.6 
11 Agriculture and hunting 474 7.4 0-50 11.5 164.2 
12 Forestry and logging 48 1.6 0-5 2.3 5.5 
121 Forestry 22 3.4 0-5 2.4 0.6 
122 Logging 26 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.9 
13 Fishing 171 0.1 0-5 0.7 5.9 
1301 Ocean and coastal fish ing 144 0.1 0-5 0.7 3.4 
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 27 0.0 0-0 0.0 2.5 
           
2 Mining and quarrying 136 0.0 0-0 0.0 1,099.4 
21 Coal mining 6 0.0 0-0 0.0 8.2 
22 Crude petroleum and natural ga s production 12 0.0 0-0 0.0 1,009.1 
23 Metal ore mining 27 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.4 
2301 Mining of iron ores 2 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
2302 Non-ferrous ore mining 25 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.4 
29 Other mining 91 0.0 0-0 0.0 81.8 
2901 Mining of feldspar 44 0.0 0-0 0.0 13.1 
2902 Mining of fertilizer and chemi cal minerals 13 0.0 0-0 0.0 61.6 
2903 Salt mining 5 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.5 
2909 Mining and quarrying n.e.s. 29 0.0 0-0 0.0 2.6 
           
3 Manufacturing 10,240 4.7 0-87 10.2 6,278.0 
3 - 31 - - Manufacturing (excluding food processing) 8,139 2.3 0-30 5.2 5,764.8 
31 Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco 2,101 15.5 0-87 17.5 513.3 
311 Food products 1,610 15.7 0-54 16.4 321.6 
3111 Meat products 325 31.2 0-50 15.3 57.9 
3112 Dairy products 160 31.7 0-54 11.1 15.1 
3113 Fruit and vegetable canning 458 5.9 0-40 6.6 50.1 
3114 Fish products 248 6.2 0-32.5 12.2 75.7 
3115 Manufacture of oil and fats (veg. and animal) 146 3.9 0-50 9.2 81.3 
3116 Grain mill products 124 13.6 0-50 15.0 9.7 
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 42 25.6 0-35 13.5 9.7 
3118 Sugar products 13 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.8 
3119 Cocoa and chocolate confec tionery 94 26.0 0-35 10.0 18.2 
312 Other food products and animal feeds 197 13.3 0-87 24.8 120.7 
3121 Other food products 156 15.5 0-87 27.3 95.4 
3122 Manufacture of animal feeds 41 5.1 0-20 5.9 25.3 
313 Beverages 282 17.6 0-40 15.9 57.8 
3131 Distillation of spirits and alc ohol production 74 0.0 0-0 0.0 7.0 
3132 Manufacture of wines 187 20.0 0-40 20.7 18.0 
3133 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 10 24.3 0-30 9.2 16.9 
3134 Soft drinks and mineral waters 11 9.5 0-15 7.6 15.9 
314 Tobacco manufacturi ng 12 3.8 0-30 10.6 13.2 
3140 Tobacco products 12 3.8 0-30 10.6 13.2 
           
32 Textile, wearing apparel and leat her industries 1,483 8.5 0-30 6.8 627.9 
321 Textiles 1,078 8. 0 0-30 6.9 529.2 
3211 Textile spinning, weaving a nd finishing 602 6. 3 0-30 6.5 384.3 
3212 Made-up textile goods except wear ing apparel 98 7. 4 0-13.4 6.3 16.4 
3213 Knitted and crocheted fa brics 236 14.0 0-15 1.9 87.5 
3214 Carpets and rugs 39 18.6 16.6-22.2 2.5 5.8 
3215 Cordage, rope, etc 24 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.6 
3219 Textiles n.e.c. 79 0.5 0-10 2.2 31.5 
322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, ex cept footwear 225 14.4 0-15 2.0 47.2 
323 Leather products, except footwear and wearing 
apparel 122 2.7 0-10 4.4 23.6 
3231 Tanning and dressing of l eather 60 0.0 0-0 0.0 14.7 
3232 Fur dressing and dying 31 0.6 0-5 1.7 2.9 
3233 Leather products except footwear 31 10.0 10-10 0.0 6.0 
324 Footwear, except vulcanized ru bber or plastic 
footwear 58 8.1 0-10 4.0 28.0 
    Table AI.Lithuania 9 (cont'd)European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 197 
 
 
ISIC 
code  Description  Number
of lines  Simple
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
33 Wood and wood products, including furniture 221 7.8 0-25 9.5 128.2 
331 Wood and wood products, except furniture 155 2.9 0-10 4.6 91.9 
3311 Sawmills and wood mills  111 1.7 0-10 3.8 83.0 
3312 Wooden case containers and cane ware 16 9.4 0-10 2.5 5.1 
 
3319 Wood and cork products 28 3.9 0-10 5.0 3.8 
332 Manuf. of furniture & fixtures, except primarily of 
metal 66 19.2 0-25 8.3 36.3 
34 Paper, paper products, printing and publishing 283 0.7 0-15 2.8 168.4 
341 Paper products 225 0.9 0-15 3.2 126.8 
3411 Pulp, paper and paperboard 144 1.4 0-15 3.8 51.7 
3412 Containers, paper boxes, pa perboard 10 1.0 0-10 3.2 20.0 
3419 Articles n.e.s.(stationery) 71 0.0 0-0 0.0 55.1 
342 Printing and publishing and allied industries 58 0.0 0-0 0.0 41.5 
           
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubbe r, plastics 1,953 0.7 0-30 2.5 1,339.7 
351 Industrial chemicals 1,220 0.3 0-30 1.8 443.0 
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 882 0.2 0-30 1.6 108.6 
3512 Fertilizers and pesticid es 64 0.2 0- 6.5 1.1 58.4 
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic material s except glass 274 0.9 0-6.5 2.3 276.0 
352 Other chemicals, incl. pharm. 474 0.5 0-25 1.9 487.0 
3521 Paints, varnishes and l acquers 32 0.0 0-0 0.0 60.6 
3522 Drugs and medicines 156 0.0 0-5 0.4 250.9 
3523 Soaps 60 1.3 0-6.5 2.6 104.8 
3529 Other chemicals n.e.s. 226 0.7 0-25 2.4 70.7 
353 Petroleum refineries 89 2.9 0-15 5.9 243.2 
354 Manuf. of miscellaneous petroleum & coal products 18 2.5 0-15 5.8 11.5 
355 Rubber products 112 1.8 0-10 3.8 85.0 
3551 Tyre and tube industries 32 0.0 0-0 0.0 47.5 
3559 Rubber products n.e.s. 80 2.5 0-10 4.4 37.5 
356 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.s. 40 3.6 0-10 3.4 70.0 
           
36 Non-metallic mineral products except of petrol. & 
coal 299 3.4 0-30 5.6 118.2 
361 Pottery and china 25 4.0 0-5 2.0 10.1 
362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 137 4.2 0-30 5.7 45.6 
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 137 2.6 0-30 5.9 62.5 
3691 Structural clay products 34 3.2 0-15 3.2 24.3 
3692 Ciment, lime and plaster 10 12.0 0-25 10.6 5.8 
3699 Non-metallic mineral pr oducts 93 1.3 0-30 5.1 32.4 
           
37 Basic metal industries 776 0.0 0-0 0.0 353.0 
371 Iron and steel basic industries 524 0.0 0-0 0.0 291.3 
372 Non-ferrous metal basic i ndustries 252 0.0 0-0 0.0 61.8 
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 2,816 0.6 0-25 2.9 2,941.1 
381 Fabricated metal products, except machinery & 
equip. 365 1.2 0-25 5.1 183.8 
3811 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 92 0.2 0-15 1.6 52.4 
3812 Metal furniture and fixtures 27 12.0 0-25 12.7 7.9 
3813 Structural metal products 37 0.5 0-10 2.3 49.5 
3819 Fabricated metal prod. excpt mach. & equip. n.e.c. 209 0.4 0-20 2.6 74.0 
382 Non-electrical machinery incl. computers 1,008 0.3 0-20 2.3 708.5 
3821 Engines and turbines 37 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.0 
3822 Agricultural machinery 24 0.0 0-0 0.0 29.3 
3823 Metal and woodworking machinery 218 0.0 0-0 0.0 65.9 
3824 Special industrial machinery 226 0.1 0-20 1.3 170.3 
3825 Office machinery 66 0.0 0-0 0.0 162.3 
3829 Non-electrical machinery and equipment, n.e.s. 437 0.6 0-20 3.3 277.8 
383 Electrical machinery apparatus, appliances & 
supplies 666 1.0 0-20 3.2 591.3 
3831 Electrical motors and apparatus 157 0.1 0-15 1.2 112.1 
3832 Radio, telivision and communica tion equipment 308 1.1 0-10 3.1 323.3 
3833 Electrical appliances and houseware 44 2.1 0-13.4 4.3 33.6 
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 157 1.5 0-20 4.3 122.2 
384 Transport equipment 401 0.5 0-10 2.0 1,257.6 
3841 Ship building and repairing 62 0.0 0-0 0.0 344.9 
   Table AI.Lithuania 9 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 198 
 
 
ISIC 
code  Description  Number
of lines  Simple
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
3842 Raiway and tramway 40 0.0 0-0 0.0 14.0 
3843 Motor vehicles 211 1.0 0-10 2.7 811.1 
3844 Motorcycles et bicycles 34 0.0 0-0 0.0 21.1 
3845 Aircraft manufacture 48 0.0 0-0 0.0 64.6 
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 6 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.9 
385 Professional and scientific equipment 376 0.0 0-10 0.5 199.8 
3851 Prof., scientif., measuring equipment 219 0.0 0-10 0.7 175.1 
3852 Photographic and optical goods 94 0.0 0-0 0.0 21.3 
3853 Watches and clocks 63 0.0 0-0 0.0 3.4 
39 Other manufacturing industries 308 1.3 0-15 2.9 88.3 
3901 Jewellery and related ar ticles 21 0.0 0-0 0.0 10.3 
3902 Musical instruments 33 0.0 0-0 0.0 1.0 
3903 Sporting goods 40 1.3 0-10 3.3 9.6 
3909 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 214 1.6 0-15 3.1 67.3 
4 Electrical energy 2 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.1 
Source:  WTO Secretariat calculati ons, based on data provided by Lithuania's authorities. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 199 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 1 
Main economic indicators, 1998-02 
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Miscellaneous     
GDP (Maltese lira, milli on) 1,362 1,456 1,562 1,634 1,675
GDP (US$ million) 3, 508 3,665 3,570 3,633 3,872
Real GDP (annual percentage change) 3.4 4.1 6.4 -1.2 1.0
Unemployment rate (per cent) 5.6 5.8 5.0 5.1 5.2
Average consumer price index (end of period;   percentage change) 1.3 3.3 1.1 4.6 0.3
Real effective exchange rate index (1990=100)a 95.9 96.7 98.3 99.7 99.7
Exchange rate (Maltese lira per US$;  end of period) 0.38 0.40 0.44 0.45 0.40
Discount rate (per cent) 5.50 4.75 4.75 4.25 3.75
Monetary sector  (percentage change, end of year) 
Broad money  8.6 9.9 4.0 8.4 10.4
Share of gross value added  (per cent) 
Agriculture 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.8
Industry (including construction) 27.8 27.3 29.2 27.2 28.0
Services 69.5 70.2 68.5 70.2 69.2
Government finance   (percentage of GDP) 
Fiscal balance -10.8 -8.2 -7.0 -6.8 -6.2
National accounts  (percentage of GDP) 
Private consumption 62.1 62.8 63.8 64.0 64.7
Public consumption 19.8 18.7 18.6 20.1 20.4
Gross fixed capital formation 24.5 23.4 26.2 23.2 23.2
Exports of goods and non-factor services 87.7 90.7 102.7 87.4 85.5
Imports of goods and non-factor services 93.2 96.3 113.5 92.2 89.2
Memorandum     
Current account balance (percentage of GDP) -6.2 -3.4 -13.4 -4.7 -4.6
Gross external debt (percentage of GDP) 92.3 107.5 160.2 135.4 ..
Gross international reserves (US$ million) 1,696 1,794 1,463 1,682 2,191
Gross international reserves (months of total imports) 6.2 6.5 4.4 6.2 7.1
Import cover (goods; ratio of exports to imports) 68.8 69.7 71.9 71.9 74.1
Trade in goods and non-factor services (percentage of GDP) 180.9 187.0 216.2 179.6 174.7
.. Not available. 
a The real effective exchange rate index is based on Malta's ma jor trading partners. An increase in the index indicates real 
 appreciation of the Maltese lira. 
Source:  IMF, International Financial Statistics,  various issues, Washington, D.C. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 200 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 2 
Balance-of-payments, 1998-02 
(US$ million) 
 1998 
 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Current account -221.42 - 121.83 -469.57 - 165.12 -83.92 
Trade balance -673.00 -662.90 -753.49 -566.04 -424.47 
Goods exports 1,824.45 2,017.27 2,478.49 2,002.15 2,243.36 
Goods imports -2,497.45 -2,680.17 -3,231.97 -2,568.19 -2,667.83 
Services balance 460.92 464.86 371.87 367.69 359.12 
Credit 1,181.19 1,219.84 1,105.02 1,105.83 1,096.63 
Debit -720.27 -754.98 -733.15 -738.14 -737.51 
Income (net) -67.10 33.72 -113.41 24.99 -4.89 
Credit 511.00 1,234.90 895.21 824.07 836.42 
Debit -578.10 -1,201.18 -1,008.62 -799.08 -841.31 
Current transfers (net) 57.76 42.50 25.45 8.24 -13.69 
Credit 114.99 120.38 101.81 190.50 238.09 
Debit -57.23 -77.88 -76.36 -182.26 -251.78 
Capital account 28.64 25.74 18.56 1.48 6.29 
Credit 33.34 31.09 24.07 4.35 8.02 
Debit -4.70 -5.36 -5.51 -2.87 -1.73 
Financial account 293.49 402.61 156.22 267.37 217.04 
Direct investment (net) 258.41 769.50 578.65 246.27 -425.29 
Direct investment (outflows) -14.51 -44.70 -25.72 -23.81 -0.05 
Direct investment (inflows) 272.92 814.20 604.37 270.08 -425.24 
Portfolio investment (net) -82.78 -503.65 -753.65 -444.86 -415.97 
Portfolio investment assets -141.51 -470.70 -745.11 -445.19 -414.27 
Portfolio investment liabilitie s 58.73 -32.95 -8 .54 0.32 -1.70 
Other investment (net) 117.85 136.76 331.22 465.96 1058.30 
Other investment assets -2052.27 -1593.00 -928.55 1844.66 -520.93 
Other investment liabilities 2170. 12 1729.76 1259.77  -1378.70 1579.23 
Net errors and omissions 90.23 -68.22 72.97 151.27 148.45 
Overall balance 190.93 238.30 -221.83 255.00 287.87 
Source : IMF, International Financial Statistics , various issues, Washington, D.C. European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 201 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 3 
Structure of exports, 1995-01 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 
Total exports (US$ million - Including re- exports)    1,913.2     1,832.8     1,979.6     2,437.9     1,958.8  
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 4.3 5.5 6.6 7.4 9.7 
   Agriculture 2.2 3.2 3.2 2.7 4.0 
      Food 2.1 3.1 3.1 2.6 3.9 
         0989 Food preparations, nes 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 
         1222 Cigarettes c ontg.tobacco 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 
      Agricultural raw material 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 
   Mining 2.1 2.3 3.4 4.7 5.8 
      Ores and other minerals 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 
      Fuels 1.5 1.8 2.9 4.4 5.5 
         3341 Motor gasolene,light oil 0.0 0.6 0.0 2.8 3.7 
         3343 Gas oils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.2 
            
Manufactures 95.6 94.4 93.2 92.5 90.1 
   Iron and steel 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
   Chemicals 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.6 2.3 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.1 
   Other semi-manufactures 3.1 4.1 4.2 3.3 3.6 
         6299 Hard rubber etc.,nes 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.1 
   Machinery and transport equipment 66.3 65.0 63.5 70.9 63.2 
      Power generating machines 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 
      Other non-electrical machinery 1.2 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.2 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 
      Office machines & telecommun ication equipment 55.6 54.1 53.5 63.8 54.0 
         7764 Electronic microcircuits 21.3 52.1 51.3 62.1 51.2 
         7529 Data proc equipment,nes 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.0 
      Other electrical machines 4.5 4.8 4.7 3.3 5.5 
         7725 Switch.apparatus,<1000v 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.9 2.7 
         7724 Switch.apparatus,1000v+ 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.2 
      Automotive products 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.7 
      Other transport equipment 3.6 3.0 1.8 0.7 0.2 
   Textiles 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.3 
         6552 Oth.knit.crochet.fabrics 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.8 
   Clothing 8.4 8.3 8.5 5.9 7.3 
         8414 Trousers,br eeches,etc. 4.3 4.9 4.9 3.7 4.8 
         8413 Jackets a nd blazers 1.1 1. 0 1.0 0.6 1.0 
         8412 Suits and ensembles 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 
   Other consumer goods 14.4 13.3 13.5 9.9 12.5 
         8942 Children+s toys 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.3 
         8928 Printed matter, nes 2.5 1.9 2.5 1.5 1.9 
         8973 Gold,silver jewelry,ware 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.7 
         8722 Othr.medical instruments 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.7 
         8519 Parts footwear,etc. 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.5 
         8931 Plastic containers etc. 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 
            
Other 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 
   Gold 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 202 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 4 
Structure of imports, 1995-01 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 
Total imports (US$ million)    2,941.8     2, 666.5     2,840.2     3,398.7     2,726.8  
  (Per cent) 
Total primary products 15.9 16.8 17.2 16.8 20.7 
   Agriculture 10.9 12.0 11.3 9.0 11.6 
      Food 10.1 11.2 10.6 8.4 10.9 
         1223 Oth.manufactur ed tobacco 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 
      Agricultural raw material 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 
   Mining 5.0 4.8 6.0 7.8 9.2 
      Ores and other minerals 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 
      Fuels 3.9 3.8 5.2 7.1 8.3 
         3341 Motor gasolene,light oil 0.0 2.4 0.0 4.4 5.2 
         3343 Gas oils 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.8 
         3342 Kerosene, medium oils 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.9 
            
Manufactures 83.2 82.2 82.0 82.5 78.3 
   Iron and steel 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.0 
   Chemicals 6.9 7.8 7.3 6.2 7.3 
         5429 Medicaments, nes 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 
   Other semi-manufactures 7.8 7.5 7.1 5.8 7.0 
         6412 Paper,paperbrd.uncoated 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 
         6114 Oth.bovine,equi ne leathr 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 
   Machinery and transport equipment 51.9 50.5 52.5 57.1 49.4 
      Power generating machines 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 
      Other non-electrical machinery 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.7 
         7373 Welding,brazing etc.mach 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.6 0.9 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
      Office machines & telecommun ication equipment 32.8 32.9 35.0 41.8 31.8 
         7764 Electronic microcircuits 27.5 28.0 30.2 37.3 26.5 
         7768 Elctrn comp pts,crystals 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 
         7599 Parts,data proc. etc.mch 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 
      Other electrical machines 3.4 3.9 3.2 2.9 4.8 
         7722 Printed circuits 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.0 
         7728 Parts,electrc.panels etc 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 
      Automotive products 5.7 4.6 5.1 3.9 4.7 
         7843 Other parts,motor vehicl 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 
         7812 Pass.transport vehicles 3.7 3.1 3.8 3.0 3.6 
      Other transport equipment 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.4 1.7 
         7929 Parts,nes,aircraft,equip 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.1 
   Textiles 4.2 4.3 3.8 2.7 3.5 
         6524 Oth85%+cottn.fabric200g+ 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.5 
   Clothing 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.8 2.1 
   Other consumer goods 9.2 8.7 8.3 8.1 8.1 
         8973 Gold,silver jewelry,ware 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 
         8939 Plastic articles nes 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 
            
Other 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 
   Gold 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 203 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 5 
Destination of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 
Total exports (US$ million - Including re- exports)    1,913.2     1,832.8     1,979.6     2,437.9     1,958.8  
  (Per cent) 
  America 10.4 18.5 21.8 28.6 20.2 
    United States 9.6 18.2 21.3 27.4 19.8 
    Canada 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.2 
    Other America 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 
            
  Europe 73.4 53.9 49.9 40.7 49.7 
    EC(15) 71.4 52.8 48.7 33.4 41.3 
      Germany 15.0 12.6 12.6 9.6 13.1 
      France 12.2 20.7 15.2 8.0 9.3 
      United Kingdom 7.5 7.7 9.3 7.3 8.7 
      Italy 30.4 4.7 4.9 3.4 3.4 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 3.5 3.9 3.4 2.0 3.1 
      Netherlands 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.4 
      Finland 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.8 
      Spain 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 
      Denmark 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
    EFTA 1.4 0.7 0.7 6.6 6.9 
      Switzerland 0.5 0.2 0.6 6.4 6.8 
    Eastern Europe 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.4 
      Hungary 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9 
      Former USSR 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
    Other Europe 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 
            
  Asia 10.9 21.1 20.8 22.9 19.7 
    Middle East 0.9 3.3 1.3 1.0 1.4 
      United Arab Emirates 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 
      Saudi Arabia 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 
    East Asia 9.8 17.6 19.4 21.9 18.3 
      Singapore 7.5 14.5 15.9 15.5 11.8 
      Japan 0.9 2.3 2.6 3.8 3.0 
      Hong Kong 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.8 
      Korea, Rep. of 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 1.4 
    South Asia 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 
            
  Oceania 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
            
  Africa 3.0 3.7 3.4 2.3 3.7 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 
      Ghana 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 
    Other Africa 2.4 3.4 3.1 1.8 3.2 
      Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 2.1 2.7 2.5 1.5 2.5 
            
  Other 2.3 2.8 3.9 5.4 6.5 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 204 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 6 
Origin of imports, 1995-01 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 
Total imports (US$ million)      2,941.8       2,666. 5       2,840.2       3,398.7       2,726.8  
  (Per cent) 
  America 7.0 9.6 9.2 11.5 12.8 
    United States 6.0 8.9 8.4 10.6 11.6 
    Canada 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 
    Other America 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 
            
  Europe 75.8 72.9 69.4 63.5 68.2 
    EC(15) 72.7 69.3 65.4 60.0 63.6 
      United Kingdom 15.6 12.4 10.9 8.0 10.0 
      Denmark 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 
      Austria 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 
      Netherlands 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.3 
      Germany 12.2 10.5 10.0 8.2 8.8 
      France 8.3 17.8 19.1 18.9 15.0 
      Italy 27.4 19.3 16.7 16.7 19.9 
      Spain 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.5 
    EFTA 1.1 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.5 
      Switzerland 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.4 
    Eastern Europe 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9 2.0 
      Former USSR 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.2 
         Russian Federation 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 
    Other Europe 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.1 
      Turkey 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 
            
  Asia 13.4 14.8 18.0 23.0 16.1 
    Middle East 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 
      Israel 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 
    East Asia 12.6 13.9 17.0 21.5 14.5 
      Singapore 5.7 6.6 9.5 14.8 6.7 
      Japan 2.5 3.5 2.7 2.0 2.1 
      China 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 2.0 
      Chinese Taipei 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 
      Malaysia 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 
      Korea, Rep. of 1.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 
    South Asia 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 
            
  Oceania 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 
            
  Africa 3.6 2.1 2.8 1.6 2.3 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 
    Other Africa 3.5 2.0 2.7 1.4 2.1 
      Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 3.0 1.6 2.3 1.1 1.6 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 205 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 7 
Structure of customs tariffs, 2002 
(Per cent) 
  MFN 
1.   Bound tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) .. 
2.   Duty free tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) 23.9 
3.   Non- ad valorem  tariffs (% of all tariff lines) 0.3 
4.   Tariff quotas (% of all tariff lines) .. 
5.   Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no AVEs (% of all tariff lines) 0.3 
6.   Simple average tariff rate 6.2 
 Agricultural products (HS01-24) 7.0 
 Non-agricultural products (HS25-97) 5.9 
 Agricultural products (WTO definition)a 7.3 
 Non-agricultural products (WTO definition)b 5.9 
7   Domestic tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)c 5.2 
8.   International tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)d 6.3 
9.   Overall standard devi ation of applied rates 6.1 
10.   "Nuisance" applied rates (% of all tariff lines)e 6.4 
.. Not available. 
a WTO Agreement on Agriculture. 
b Excludes petroleum. c Domestic tariff spikes are defined as those exceeding three times the overall simple average applied rate (indicator 6). 
d International tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15%. 
e Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2%. 
Note Indicator 1 is calculated taking into  account all tariff lines (i.e. in-quota and out-of-quota lines) while others exclude  in-quota 
 lines. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, based on data provided by Malta's authorities. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 206 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 8 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS2, 2002 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2001 
(US$ million) 
 Total/Average 11,181 11,143 6.2 0-80 6.1 2,507.9 
01 Live animals 72 72 3.9 0-10 4.8 1.0 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 246 246 0.8 0-3 1.0 19.3 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 324 324 2.1 0-20 4.8 13.2 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  
edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere 
specified or included 197 197 1.2 0-13 3.2 26.9 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere 
specified or included 26 26 0.2 0-4 0.8 0.2 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots and the 
like;  cut flowers a nd ornamental foliage 48 48 11.0 0-20 6.2 3.5 
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 116 116 2.7 0-19 6.1 5.9 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel of citrus fruit or 
melons 151 151 4.2 0-25 6.7 19.9 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 46 46 3.4 0-12 4.7 4.0 
10 Cereals 55 55 0.1 0-1 0.3 21.6 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  starches;  
insulin;  wheat gluten 91 91 5.0 0-30 7.9 3.4 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  misc grains, 
seeds and fruit;  industrial or medicinal plants;  
straw and fodder 79 79 0.6 0-9 2.0 4.2 
13 Lac;  gums, resins and other vegetable saps and 
extracts 18 18 0.0 0 0.0 0.4 
14 Vegetable plaiting materials;  vegetable products 
not elsewhere specified or included 8 8 0.0 0 0.0 0.1 
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their 
cleavage products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or vegetable waxes 133 133 1.9 0-15 3.0 7.6 
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 120 120 11.1 0-26 9.2 19.1 
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 77 77 12.4 0-80 13.4 12.0 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 29 29 9.6 0-22 5.4 15.7 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;  
pastry cooks' products 62 62 10.4 0-25 4.6 25.8 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other 
parts of plants 550 550 20.8 0-50 9.3 14.7 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 77 77 10.6 0-25 7.2 18.8 
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 215 211 1.8 0-24 5.2 22.3 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries;  
prepared animal fodder 69 69 3.6 0-15 6.4 16.6 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 46 46 0.0 0 0.0 26.9 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering 
materials, lime and cement 93 93 1.0 0-20 3.2 15.6 
26 Ores, slag and ash 53 53 0.0 0 0.0 0.2 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation;  bituminous substances;  mineral waxes 122 122 2.0 0-8 2.3 11.7 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or inorganic 
compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes 271 241 5.8 0-13 2.9 5.0 
29 Organic chemicals 562 562 6.9 0-20 3.5 17.8 
     Table AI.Malta 8 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 207 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2001 
(US$ million) 
30 Pharmaceutical products 59 59 1.8 0-8 3.1 45.1 
31 Fertilizers 37 37 5.0 0-11 3.6 0.9 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and their 
derivatives;  dyes, pigmen ts and other colouring 
matter;  paints and varnishes;  putty and other 
mastics;  inks 87 87 7.4 0-
10 3.1 17.1 
33 Essential oils and resinoids;  perfumery, cosmetic 
or toilet preparations so ap, organic surface-active 
agents, washing preparations, lubricating 
preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and 
similar article 66 66 6.1 0-20 4.1 28.5 
34 Soap, organic surface-ac tive agents, washing 
preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial 
waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring 
preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, dental  waxes and dental 
preparations with a basis 39 39 5.8 0-8 1.9 11.3 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified starches;  
glues;  enzymes 32 32 7.9 0-14 5.0 2.5 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  matches;  
pyrophoric alloys;  certain combustible 
preparations 10 10 7.4 6-10 1.3 0.3 
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 60 56 5.7 0-8 2.2 4.2 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 147 147 6.2 0-12 1.8 12.2 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 311 311 7.0 0-13 3.9 96.9 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 114 114 3.5 0-10 2.8 11.7 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and 
leather 93 93 1.7 0-5 1.5 17.0 
42 Articles of animal gut (o ther than silk-worm gut) 38 38 7.1 4-12 2.9 5.6 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 41 41 3.2 0-6 2.0 0.0 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 172 172 4.3 0-10 3.8 22.1 
45 Cork and articles of cork 13 13 6.1 0-8 3.2 0.5 
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other 
plaiting materials;  basketware and wickerwork 14 14 3.6 0-6 1.5 0.3 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic 
material;  recovered (was te and scrap) paper and 
paperboard 23 23 0.0 0 0.0 0.1 
48 Paper and paperboard;  ar ticles of paper pulp, of 
paper or of paperboard 226 226 5.0 0-12 4.2 54.0 
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other 
products of the printing industry;  manuscripts, 
typescripts and plans 29 29 2.3 0-6 2.7 19.2 
50 Silk 26 26 5.0 0-8 2.7 0.1 
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair;  horsehair yarn 
and woven fabric 80 80 6.3 0-17 7.0 13.3 
52 Cotton 162 162 7.8 0-10 3.2 43.2 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn and 
woven fabrics of paper yarn 43 43 4.0 0-14 5.0 0.1 
54 Man-made filaments 88 88 7.8 2-11 3.2 8.9 
55 Man-made staple fibres 168 168 8.6 2-11 3.0 5.0 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special yarns;  
twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles 
thereof 70 70 7.6 3-12 2.6 8.3 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 39 39 10.3 4-14 2.8 2.2 
     Table AI.Malta 8 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 208 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2001 
(US$ million) 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  
lace;  tapestries;  trimmings;  embroidery 57 57 10.2 5-15 3.7 2.5 
59 Impregnated, coated, cove red or laminated textile 
fabrics;  textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial use 42 42 7.3 4-14 2.8 2.5 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 65 65 11.8 6-12 1.0 2.0 
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, 
knitted or crocheted 187 187 13.2 8-14 1.5 27.7 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not 
knitted or crocheted 212 212 13.0 6-14 2.2 26.3 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn 
clothing and worn textile articles;  rags 96 96 10.5 0-14 3.8 6.8 
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such 
articles 82 82 11.5 3-20 6.3 15.9 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 15 15 5.3 0-10 2.4 0.8 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-
sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 9 9 7.2 5-8 1.3 0.3 
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down;  artificial flowers;  articles of human hair 8 8 5.8 4-8 1.5 0.4 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica 
or similar materials 86 86 3.2 0-10 2.0 5.2 
69 Ceramic products 53 53 7.2 3-14 2.5 20.1 
70 Glass and glassware 138 138 7.0 0-12 3.1 12.6 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-
precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof;  
imitation jewellery;  coin 64 64 2.2 0-8 2.5 53.7 
72 Iron and steel 432 432 4.2 0-8 1.9 21.1 
73 Articles of iron or steel 276 276 5.9 0-10 2.5 31.1 
74 Copper and articles thereof 69 69 4.1 0-6 2.5 5.9 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 18 18 2.5 0-5 2.3 0.3 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 64 64 7.4 0-10 3.1 15.3 
78 Lead and articles thereof 13 13 5.0 0-9 3.1 0.1 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 12 12 4.8 0-8 2.5 0.4 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8 8 2.3 0-5 2.1 0.4 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles thereof 73 73 4.8 0-10 2.6 0.3 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of 
base metal;  parts thereof of base metal 106 106 5.9 2-17 3.5 9.1 
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 51 51 4.0 0-6 2.3 12.4 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and 
mechanical appliances;  parts thereof 1,036 1,036 3.9 0-12 1.8 218.1 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts 
thereof;  sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such 
articles 671 671 6.2 0-25 4.9 962.0 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock 
and parts thereof;  railway or tramway track 
fixtures and fittings and parts thereof;  
mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds 40 40 4.6 4-8 1.0 0.0 
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-
stock, and parts and accessories thereof 184 184 8.7 0-20 3.6 132.0 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 34 34 3.0 0-15 3.6 30.9 
     Table AI.Malta 8 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 209 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. o f
lines
usedAverage 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Std-
dev 
(%) Imports 2001 
(US$ million) 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 39 39 1.6 0-5 1.6 6.5 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, 
measuring, checking, precision, medical or 
surgical instruments and apparatus;  parts and accessories thereof 308 308 3.7 0-11 3.1 53.0 
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 63 63 5.3 0-8 1.4 3.0 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories of 
such articles 33 33 5.5 3-8 0.9 0.9 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories 
thereof 30 30 4.4 0-7 2.3 1.2 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress 
supports, cushions and similar stuffed 
furnishings;  lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included;  illuminated 
signs, illuminated name-plates 106 106 5.8 0-10 1.9 20.6 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and 
accessories thereof 79 79 6.5 0-10 1.8 13.5 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 72 72 6.5 0-14 2.7 6.9 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques 7 7 0.0 0 0.0 2.2 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Malta's authorities. WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 210 
 
 
Table AI.Malta 9 
Applied MFN tariff statistics, by ISIC Rev.2 category, 2002  
ISIC 
code  Description  Number 
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
  (Per cent) US$ million 
 Total 11,181 6.2 0-80 6.1 2,507.9 
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 670 2.5 0-20 4.6 53.5 
11 Agriculture and hunting 494 2.4 0-20 4.4 49.8 
12 Forestry and logging 43 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.4 
121 Forestry 21 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.3 
122 Logging 22 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
13 Fishing 133 3.5 0-20 5.4 3.4 
1301 Ocean and coastal fish ing 115 3.2 0-20 5.3 3.2 
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 18 5.4 0-15 5.9 0.2 
            
2 Mining and quarrying 134 0.6 0-20 2.6 6.6 
21 Coal mining 6 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
22 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 9 1.3 0-8 2.6 0.6 
23 Metal ore mining 27 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
2301 Mining of iron ores 2 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
2302 Non-ferrous ore mining 25 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
29 Other mining 92 0.7 0-20 3.0 5.9 
2901 Mining of feldspar 44 0.3 0-4 1.0 4.1 
2902 Mining of fertilizer and chemi cal minerals 14 0.4 0-3 0.9 0.2 
2903 Salt mining 5 8.0 0-20 11.0 0.3 
2909 Mining and quarrying n.e.s. 29 0.2 0-3 0.8 1.3 
3 Manufacturing 10,376 6.5 0-80 6.2 2,447.8 
3 - 31 - - Manufacturing (excluding food processing) 8,141 6.0 0-25 4.0 2,198.2 
31 Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco 2,235 8.2 0-80 10.6 249.7 
311 Food products 1,791 9.0 0-80 11.0 166.7 
3111 Meat products 337 2.1 0-26 5.5 30.0 
3112 Dairy products 185 2.2 0-24 4.7 27.0 
3113 Fruit and vegetable canning 653 18.7 0-50 10.4 23.1 
3114 Fish products 256 4.0 0-25 7.1 18.5 
3115 Manufacture of oil and fats (veg. and animal) 134 1.5 0-15 2.5 16.6 
3116 Grain mill products 123 3.2 0-15 4.8 8.3 
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 37 11.9 0-25 4.4 15.9 
3118 Sugar products 18 11.7 0-80 20.1 7.2 
3119 Cocoa and chocolate confec tionery 48 11.9 0-25 6.5 20.1 
312 Other food products and animal feeds 201 8.2 0-30 9.6 33.3 
3121 Other food products 162 8.7 0-30 10.0 24.2 
3122 Manufacture of animal feeds 39 6.3 0-15 7.4 9.1 
313 Beverages 219 1.7 0-24 5.1 22.9 
3131 Distillation of spirits and alc ohol production 56 0.0 0-0 0.0 7.8 
3132 Manufacture of wines 123 0.0 0-0 0.0 4.1 
3133 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 11 13.1 0-24 12.5 4.9 
3134 Soft drinks and mineral waters 29 8.2 0-15 5.8 6.1 
314 Tobacco manufacturi ng 24 0.0 0-0 0.0 26.8 
3140 Tobacco products 24 0.0 0-0 0.0 26.8 
32 Textile, wearing apparel and leat her industries 1,528 9.2 0-20 4.4 184.3 
321 Textiles 1,101 9. 3 0-17 4.1 122.1 
3211 Textile spinning, weaving a nd finishing 594 7. 8 0-17 4.3 72.3 
3212 Made-up textile goods except wear ing apparel 109 10. 7 2-14 3.2 7.0 
3213 Knitted and crocheted fa brics 252 12.8 6-14 1.5 29.7 
3214 Carpets and rugs 39 10.3 4-14 2.8 2.2 
3215 Cordage, rope, etc 24 10.2 6-12 2.0 0.8 
3219 Textiles n.e.c. 83 6.7 3-14 2.3 10.1 
322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, ex cept footwear 233 12.4 0-14 3.0 28.0 
323 Leather products, except footwear and wearing 
apparel 136 3.6 0-12 2.6 22.0 
3231 Tanning and dressing of l eather 74 2.1 0-5 1.4 17.0 
3232 Fur dressing and dying 31 4.2 0-6 1.1 0.0 
3233 Leather products except footwear 31 6.7 4-12 3.0 5.0 
324 Footwear, except vulcanized rubber or plastic 
footwear 58 8.3 3-20 4.3 12.2 
33 Wood and wood products, including furniture 215 4.8 0-10 3.0 29.5 
Table AI.Malta 9 (cont'd)European Communities WT/TPR/S/136 
 Page 211 
 
 
ISIC 
code  Description  Number 
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
331 Wood and wood products, except furniture 162 4.5 0-10 3.3 20.8 
3311 Sawmills and wood mills  113 4.4 0-10 3.5 17.6 
3312 Wooden case containers and cane ware 19 4.3 0-8 1.9 0.8 
3319 Wood and cork products 30 4.9 0-10 3.0 2.3 
332 Manuf. of furniture & fixtures, except primarily of 
metal 53 5.9 0-7 1.3 8.7 
            
34 Paper, paper products, printing and publishing 279 4.4 0-12 4.2 69.3 
341 Paper products 235 4.2 0-12 4.0 46.4 
3411 Pulp, paper and paperboard 141 3.0 0-10 3.3 28.9 
3412 Containers, paper boxes, pa perboard 13 11.0 2-12 2.7 6.7 
3419 Articles n.e.s.(stationery) 81 5.3 0-12 3.8 10.8 
342 Printing and publishing and allied industries 44 5. 5 0-12 5.0 22.9 
            
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, r ubber, plastics 1,935 6.1 0-20 3.8 269.1 
351 Industrial chemicals 1,221 6.5 0-20 3.5 94.4 
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 843 6.6 0-20 3.3 28.1 
3512 Fertilizers and pesticid es 73 5.5 0-11 2.6 3.8 
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic material s except glass 305 6.3 0-13 4.1 62.5 
352 Other chemicals, incl. pharm. 469 5.6 0-18 3.6 112.8 
3521 Paints, varnishes and l acquers 51 8.3 0-10 2.7 8.0 
3522 Drugs and medicines 158 4.0 0-18 4.0 50.6 
3523 Soaps 42 6.5 0-9 1.7 34.1 
3529 Other chemicals n.e.s. 218 6.0 0-13 3.1 20.1 
353 Petroleum refineries 75 2.6 0-7 2.4 8.2 
354 Manuf. of miscellaneous petroleum & coal products 17 1.1 0-9 2.2 4.0 
355 Rubber products 114 6.8 0-20 6.4 12.7 
3551 Tyre and tube industries 32 5.3 0-6 1.9 3.2 
3559 Rubber products n.e.s. 82 7.5 0-20 7.3 9.5 
356 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.s. 39 7.5 0-9 1.9 36.9 
            
36 Non-metallic mineral products except of petrol. & 
coal 302 5.9 0-14 3.2 47.9 
361 Pottery and china 25 8.3 5-14 2.7 7.5 
362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 137 6.9 0-12 3.1 12.3 
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 140 4.4 0-10 2.7 28.0 
3691 Structural clay products 34 6.6 3-9 2.2 13.0 
3692 Ciment, lime and plaster 10 3.5 2-8 1.8 10.4 
3699 Non-metallic mineral pr oducts 96 3.7 0-10 2.5 4.5 
37 Basic metal industries 772 4.5 0-10 2.9 64.2 
371 Iron and steel basic industries 520 4.7 0-10 2.6 25.1 
372 Non-ferrous metal basic i ndustries 252 4.2 0-10 3.4 39.1 
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 2,800 5.0 0-25 3.5 1,469.7 
381 Fabricated metal products, except machinery & 
equip. 362 5.4 0-17 2.5 49.7 
3811 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 93 6.1 0-17 4.1 12.0 
3812 Metal furniture and fixtures 20 5.0 0-6 1.8 4.4 
3813 Structural metal products 38 5.2 2-7 1.2 6.6 
3819 Fabricated metal prod. excpt mach. & equip. n.e.c. 211 5.2 0-9 1.6 26.7 
382 Non-electrical machinery incl. computers 1,014 3.9 0-12 1.8 204.4 
3821 Engines and turbines 37 4.9 0-7 2.3 3.8 
3822 Agricultural machinery 24 5.4 2-11 2.3 0.8 
3823 Metal and woodworking machinery 219 4.1 0-8 1.3 25.8 
3824 Special industrial machinery 229 3.7 0-11 1.4 37.6 
3825 Office machinery 67 4.3 0-12 2.2 58.4 
3829 Non-electrical machinery and equipment, n.e.s. 438 3.7 0-9 1.9 77.8 
383 Electrical machinery apparatus, appl iances & supplies 683 6.2 0-25 4.9 965.4 
3831 Electrical motors and apparatus 157 3.9 0-8 2.2 67.2 
3832 Radio, telivision and communica tion equipment 316 7.8 0-25 6.4 851.0 
3833 Electrical appliances and houseware 45 5.1 0-7 1.0 8.9 
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 165 5.6 0-9 2.3 38.2 
384 Transport equipment 356 6.1 0-20 4.1 188.4 
3841 Ship building and repairing 62 3.3 0-10 2.4 7.9 
3842 Raiway and tramway 40 4.6 4-8 1.0 0.0 
3843 Motor vehicles 166 8.0 0-20 3.8 130.7 
Table AI.Malta 9 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/136 Trade Policy Review 
Page 212 
 
 
ISIC 
code  Description  Number 
of lines  Simple 
average Range Standard  
deviation Imports 2002 
3844 Motorcycles et bicycles 34 9.9 6-17 3.0 3.3 
3845 Aircraft manufacture 48 2.0 0-15 3.2 45.8 
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 6 3.8 0-5 1.9 0.6 
385 Professional and scientific equipment 385 4.2 0-11 3.0 61.7 
3851 Prof., scientif., measuring equipment 224 3.3 0-11 3.2 47.8 
3852 Photographic and optical  goods 98 5.4 0-10 2.3 11.0 
3853 Watches and clocks 63 5.3 0-8 1.4 3.0 
39 Other manufacturing industries 310 5.7 0-20 3.1 64.3 
3901 Jewellery and related ar ticles 22 2.8 0-8 2.5 29.3 
3902 Musical instruments 33 5.5 3-8 0.9 0.9 
3903 Sporting goods 40 6.8 0-20 4.1 3.9 
3909 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 215 5.8 0-20 3.0 30.2 
       
4 Electrical energy 1 0.0 0-0 0.0 0.0 
Source:  WTO Secretariat calculations, based on data provided by Malta's authorities. 
 
  
__________