APPENDIX TABLESEuropean Union WT/TPR/S/102
Page 109
Table AI.1
Merchandise exports (extra-EU trade) by region and country, 1995 and 1998-00
(€ billion and per cent)
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000
Total exports 572.8 733.3 759.9 937.5
(Per cent)
America 26.9 31.0 33.1 33.5
  United States 18.0 21.7 24.1 24.7
  Canada 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2
  Other America 7.1 7.4 6.8 6.7
     Brazil 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.8
     Mexico 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.5
Europe 28.9 31.8 30.9 30.5
  EFTA 12.1 11.3 11.6 10.5
     Switzerland 9.0 7.8 8.3 7.6
     Norway 3.0 3.3 3.1 2.7
  Eastern Europe 12.0 15.1 14.2 14.4
     Poland 2.7 3.8 3.8 3.6
     Czech Republic 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.6
     Hungary 1.5 2.3 2.4 2.5
     Russian Federation 2.8 2.8 1.9 2.1
Other 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.6
  Turkey 2.3 2.9 2.7 3.2
Asia 31.0 24.4 25.1 25.8
  Middle East 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.6
     Israel 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7
     Saudi Arabia 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3
     United Arab Emirates 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3
  East Asia 21.6 15.9 16.6 17.4
     Japan 5.7 4.2 4.7 4.8
     China 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.7
     Hong Kong, China 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.2
     Korea, Rep. of 2.2 1.2 1.5 1.7
     Chinese Taipei 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7
     Singapore 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6
  South Asia 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.9
     India 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4
Oceania 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.1
  Australia 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7
Africa 9.0 7.9 7.4 7.0
  Sub-Saharan Africa 3.6 2.7 2.5 2.4
  Other Africa 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.6
     South Africa 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2
Other areas n.e.s 1.9 2.7 1.2 1.1
Source: European Commission, Eurostats, External and intra-European Union trade, monthly statistics, various issues 
(data for 1998 and 1999 were revised in the 2000 issue).WT/TPR/S/102 Trade Policy Review
Page 110
Table AI.2
Merchandise imports (extra-EU trade) by region and country, 1995 and 1998-00
(€ billion and per cent)
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000
Total extra-imports 545.1 710.5 779.8 1,026.8
(Per cent)
America 27.3 28.4 27.7 26.3
  United States 19.0 21.1 20.6 19.2
  Canada 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8
  Other America 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.3
     Brazil 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7
Europe 28.0 26.2 27.3 27.5
  EFTA 12.8 10.7 10.8 10.4
     Switzerland 8.0 6.9 6.9 5.8
     Norway 4.7 3.6 3.8 4.4
  Eastern Europe 11.9 12.1 13.2 14.2
     Russian Federation 3.9 2.7 3.3 4.4
     Poland 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3
     Czech Republic 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.1
     Hungary 1.4 2.1 2.3 2.1
Other Europe 3.2 3.4 3.3 2.9
  Turkey 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.7
Asia 33.5 34.1 35.2 35.2
  Middle East 4.5 3.4 4.1 5.0
     Saudi Arabia 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.6
     Israel 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0
  East Asia 26.8 28.6 29.1 28.3
     Japan 10.0 9.2 9.2 8.3
     China 4.8 5.9 6.4 6.8
     Chinese Taipei 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.8
     Korea, Rep. of 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.4
     Malaysia 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
     Singapore 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6
     Thailand 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2
     Hong Kong, China 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1
     Indonesia 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1
  South Asia 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9
     India 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2
Oceania 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2
Africa 8.6 7.2 7.3 8.2
  Sub-Saharan Africa 3.4 2.6 2.4 2.4
  Other Africa 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.8
     Algeria 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.6
     South Africa 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4
     Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.3
Other areas n.e.s 1.3 2.7 1.3 1.6
Source: European Commission, Eurostats, External and intra-European Union trade, monthly statistics, various issues 
(data for 1998 and 1999 were revised in the 2000 issue).European Union WT/TPR/S/102
Page 111
Table AI.3
Leading merchandise exports (extra-EU trade) by SITC Rev.3 category, 1997-00
(€ million and per cent)
Value Share of total
(€ million) (per cent)
SITC Description 1997 1998 1999 2000 2000
Total exports 720,446 731,577 759,798 937,471 100.0
78 Road vehicles 65,578 68,107 69,516 87,515 9.3
77 Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances,
n.e.s51,527 53,903 56,747 74,771 8.0
74 General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s. 45,949 47,269 45,677 52,138 5.6
79 Other transport equipment 36,424 39,309 41,568 50,374 5.4
72 Machinery specialised for particular industries 46,325 44,175 40,631 48,297 5.2
76 Telecommunication and sound recording and
reproducing apparatus27,233 28,045 31,352 43,451 4.6
89 Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. 29,821 29,805 31,582 38,014 4.1
71 Power-generating machinery and equipment 29,081 32,776 31,850 38,455 4.1
54 Medical and pharmaceutical products 23,165 26,794 30,410 35,043 3.7
51 Organic chemicals 20,259 20,270 24,610 31,612 3.4
75 Office machines and automatic data processing
machines19,474 21,418 24,039 31,138 3.3
66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. 24,035 22,572 25,064 30,881 3.3
33 Petroleum, petroleum products and related
materials14,870 12,141 14,591 27,302 2.9
87 Professional, scientific and controlling instruments 17,664 18,490 19,912 24,294 2.6
65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s. 20,143 20,256 20,092 23,331 2.5
69 Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. 18,231 19,369 19,278 21,960 2.3
67 Iron and steel 19,050 17,699 14,962 19,410 2.1
64 Paper, paperboard and articles of paper 13,580 13,445 13,810 16,988 1.8
84 Clothing and accessories 13,881 14,103 13,690 15,854 1.7
57 Plastic in primary forms 9,896    9,150 9,730 12,384 1.3
0+1 Food, beverages and tobacco    45,863    43,498 43,498 49,681 5.3
2+4 Crude materials, animal and vegetable oils and fats    15,573    14,317 15,244 18,475 2.0
3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials    16,993    13,888 16,460 30,160 3.2
5 Chemicals    92,934    95,261 106,464 127,932 13.6
7 Machinery and transport equipment  330,342  343,725 352,034 436,625 46.6
6+8 Paper, textile, iron and steel, clothing accessories,
etc. 203,481  202,019 205,988 250,977 26.8
Source:  European Commission, Eurostats, External and intra-European Union trade,  monthly statistics, various issues 
(data for 1998 and 1999 do not take into account revisions in 2000 issue).WT/TPR/S/102 Trade Policy Review
Page 112
Table AI.4
Leading merchandise imports (extra-EU trade) by SITC Rev.3 category, 1997-00
(€ million and per cent)
Value Share of total
(€ million) (per cent)
SITC Description 1997 1998 1999 2000 2000
Total imports 670,529 712,370 776,707 1,026,792 100.0
33 Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials 65,383 47,208 61,211 121,261 11.8
77 Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s. 49,803 54,418 61,201 92,124 9.0
75 Office machines and automatic data processing
machines45,393 53,990 59,993 71,175 6.9
84 Clothing and accessories 38,645 40,925 43,619 50,915 5.0
76 Telecommunication and sound recording and
reproducing apparatus22,792 26,357 32,130 48,326 4.7
78 Road vehicles 29,953 36,827 42,913 48,220 4.7
79 Other transport equipment 25,412 30,598 37,539 43,371 4.2
89 Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. 27,869 29,693 32,256 39,004 3.8
71 Power generating machinery and equipment 19,441 23,350 27,141 34,735 3.4
74 General industrial machinery and equipment 18,201 20,790 22,875 28,538 2.8
66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. 16,752 16,362 19,947 25,877 2.5
68 Non-ferrous metals 16,826 17,801 17,257 25,357 2.5
87 Professional, scientific and controlling instruments 14,490 16,011 17,695 22,838 2.2
51 Organic chemicals 15,073 15,551 16,471 19,861 1.9
65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s. 15,480 16,370 16,012 18,799 1.8
69 Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. 12,330 14,036 14,941 18,175 1.8
34 Gas, natural and manufactured 12,461 10,797 10,189 17714 1.7
54 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products 10,747 12,614 14,907 17,558 1.7
72 Special industry machinery 11,925 13,253 14,348 17,394 1.7
67 Iron and steel 9,289 12,302 10,159 14,475 1.4
28 Metalliferous ores and metal scrap 11,993 11,384 10,575 14066 1.4
05 Vegetables and fruit 12,291 12,617 13,511 13,896 1.4
0+1 Food, beverages and tobacco    48,161    49,637 50,082 54,472 5.3
2+4 Crude materials, animal and vegetable oils and fats    42,621    42,293 40,201 49,894 4.9
3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials    84,795    64,854 77,925 147,612 14.4
5 Chemicals    51,220    55,186 58,590 70,672 6.9
7 Machinery and transport equipment  227,827  265,511 303,995 391,125 38.1
6+8 Paper, textile, iron and steel, clothing accessories, etc  195,841  210,626 223,586 278,033 27.1
Source:  European Commission, Eurostats, External and intra-European Union trade,  monthly statistics, various issues 
(data for 1998 and 1999 do not take into account revisions in 2000 issue).European Union WT/TPR/S/102
Page 113
Table AII.1
Selected most recent WTO notifications of the European Communities, 1995 to 9 April 2002
Agreement WTO Document Content
Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods
GATT 1994aSchedule CXLbTariff concessions for EU-15
G/STR/N/4/EEC and Add.1 Article XVII (state-trading)
Agriculture G/AG/N/EEC/36 Export subsidy commitments for
2000/01
G/AG/N/EEC/35 Actions taken in 1999-2000 under the
Decision on Measures Concerning thePossible Negative Effects of the
Reform Programme on Least-
Developed and Net Food-ImportingDeveloping Countries
G/AG/N/EEC/34 Tariff quotas for marketing year 2000-
2001
G/AG/N/EEC/1/Add.2, G/AG/N/EEC/14/Add.1,G/AG/N/EEC/15/Add.1, G/AG/N/EEC/3/Add.1Administration of tariff quotas for
marketing year 2000-2001
G/AG/N/EEC/2 Special safeguard provisions/trigger
prices
G/AG/N/EEC/33 Special safeguard provisions/use in
marketing year 1999-2000
G/AG/N/EEC/30 and Corr.1 Domestic support commitments for
2001
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures G/SPS/N/EEC/1-164 Measures
Textiles and Clothing G/TMB/N/60 series (most recent Add 5 and
6/Suppl.1)Notification of quantitative restrictions
G/TMB/N/1, Corr.2 and Corr.2/Suppl.1 Products integrated into GATT 1994 as
of 1 January 1995
G/TMB/N/207, Add.1 and Corr.1 Products integrated into GATT 1994 as
of 1 January 1998
G/TMB/N/363 and Add.1 Products integrated into GATT 1994 as
of 1 January 2002
G/TMB/N/424 Agreement between EU and Egypt
Technical Barriers to Trade G/TBT/Add.12, Rev.1 and Rev.2 Implementation and administrative
arrangements
G/TBT/CS/N/32 Acceptance of Code of Good Practice
G/TBT/N96/; G/TBT/N97/; G/TBT/N98/;G/TBT/N99/;  G/TBT/Notif.00/;  G/TBT/Notif.01/Measures
Anti-dumping G/ADP/N/1/EEC/2, Corr.1, Suppl.1 and Suppl.2 Laws and regulations
G/ADP/N/85/EEC Semi-annual report on anti-dumping
measures for July-Dec 2001
CustomsValuation G/VAL/N/1/EEC/1 and Rev.1 Principles of customs valuation
Rules of Origin G/RO/N/1 Non-preferential rules of origin
Import Licensing Procedures G/LIC/N/1/EEC/1, Rev.1 and Rev.2, Add.1 and Add.2 Laws and regulations
G/LIC/N/3/EEC/4 and Adds.1-27 Replies to questionnaire on import
licensing procedures
G/LIC/N/1/EEC/2/Add.3 Introduction of import surveillance
(iron and steel products)
Preshipment Inspection G/PSI/N/1 Laws and regulations for exports from
the EU
Subsidies and CountervailingMeasuresG/SCM/N/1/EEC/1 Laws and regulations
G/SCM/N/1/EEC/2, Suppl.1, Suppl.1/Corr.1 and
Suppl.2Change in laws and regulations
G/SCM/N/71/EEC and Add.1-15 Measures in 2000
Table AII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/102 Trade Policy Review
Page 114
Agreement WTO Document Content
G/SCM/N/81/EEC Semi-annual report on countervailing
measures for July-Dec 2001
Safeguards G/SG/N/1/EEC/1 Laws, regulations and administrative
procedures
G/SG/N/1/EEC/2 and G/SG/N/1/EEC/3 Pre-existing Article XIX measures
G/SG/N/1/EEC/5 and Suppl.1 Phase-out timetables
G/SG/N/6,7 and 11/EEC/1 Initiation of investigation
State trading G/STR/N/5-7/EEC New and full notification of state
trading enterprises
General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATS/SC/31, Suppl.1 and Rev.1, and Suppl.2 (EC-12); GATS/SC/7 (Austria); GATS/SC/33 (Finland);GATS/SC/82 (Sweden)Schedule of specific commitments on
services of the EC and Member States
GATS/EL/31 (EC-12); GATS/EL/7 (Austria);GATS/EL/33 (Finland);  GATS/EL/82 (Sweden)List of Article II (MFN) Exemptions
GATS/SC/31/Suppl.3 (EC-15) Specific commitments on basic
telecommunications
GATS/SC/31/Suppl.4 and Rev.1 (EC-15) Specific commitments on financial
services
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
IP/N/1/EEC/1 and Rev.1 Implementation of TRIPS Agreement
IP/N/1/EEC/C/1 and IP/N/1/EEC/C/2 Laws and regulations on copyright and
neighbouring rights
IP/N/1/EEC/E/1 Enforcement at the border
IP/N/1/EEC/G/1 and IP/N/1/EEC/G/2 Protection of geographical indications
and designations of origin for
agricultural products and foodstuffs
IP/N/1/EEC/L/1 IP/N/1/EEC/L/2 Legal protection of topographies of
semiconductor products
IP/N/1/EEC/O/1 and IP/N/1/EEC/O/2 Council Directives on labelling,
presentation and advertising offoodstuffs, as well as misleading
advertising
IP/N/1/EEC/P/1, IP/N/1/EEC/P/2, IP/N/1/EEC/P/3
and IP/N/1/EEC/P/4Community patents
IP/N/1/EEC/T/1, IP/N/1/EEC/T/2 and
IP/N/1/EEC/T/3Community trade marks
a Except for Article XVI, reported under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, and Article XXIV, reported in
Table AII.2.
b Circulated under cover of G/L/65/Rev.1 of 19 March 1996, and subsequent rectifications and modifications:  G/MA/TAR/RS/16,
2 April 1997;  G/MA/TAR/RS/30, 13 May 1997;  G/L/65/Rev.1/Add.2, 21 October 1997;  G/L/65/Rev.1/Add.2/Corr.1,10 February 1998;  G/MA/TAR/RS/47, 10 February 1998;  G/L/65/Rev.1/Add.3, 23 November 1998;  and G/L/65/Rev.1/Add.4,
1 July 1999.
Source: WTO Secretariat.European Union WT/TPR/S/102
Page 115
Table AII.2
Regional trade agreements of the European Union, 2002
Goods Services Party
Entry into force Examination
referenceEntry into force Examination reference
I. CUSTOMS UNIONS
Andorra 1 July 1991 WT/REG53/ n.a. n.a.
Maltaa1 April 1971 L/3665, 19S/90 n.a. n.a.
San Marino 1 December
1992n.a. n.a. n.a.
Turkeya31 December
1995WT/REG22/ n.a. n.a.
II. FREE TRADE AREAS
Bulgariab31 December
1993WT/REG1/ 1 February 1995 Pending
Croatia 1 March 2002 notification pending n.a. n.a.
Cyprusa1 June 1973 L/4009, 21S/94 n.a. n.a.
Czech Republicb1 March 1992 WT/REG18/ 1 February 1995 Pending
Denmark (Faroe Islands) 1 January 1997 WT/REG21/ n.a. n.a.
Estoniab1 January 1995 WT/REG8/ 12 June 1995 Notification  submitted
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia9 April 2001  WT/REG129/ n.a. n.a.
Hungaryb1 March 1992 WT/REG18/ 1 February 1994 WT/REG50
Icelandc1 April 1973 L/3902, 20S/158 1 January 1994 Pending
Israeld1 June 2000 WT/REG124/ n.a. n.a.
Latviab1 January 1995 WT/REG7/ 12 June 1995 Notification  submitted
Lithuaniab1 January 1995 WT/REG9/ 12 June 1995 Notification  submitted
Liechtensteinc1 January 1973 L/3893, 20S/196 1 January 1994 Pending
Mexico 1 July 2000 WT/REG109/ 1 July 2000 Pending
Moroccod1 March 2000 WT/REG112/ n.a. n.a.
Norwayc1 July 1973 L/3996, 21S/83 n.a. n.a.
Palestinian Authorityd1 July 1997 WT/REG43/ n.a. n.a.
Polandb1 March 1992 WT/REG18/ 1 February 1994 WT/REG51/
Romaniab1 May 1993 WT/REG2/ 1 February 1995 Pending
Slovak Republicb1 March 1992 WT/REG18/ 1 February 1995 WT/REG52/
Sloveniab1 January 1997 WT/REG32/ 10 June 1996 Notification  submitted
South Africa 1 January 2000 WT/REG113/ n.a. n.a.
Switzerlande1 January 1973 L/3893, 20S/196 1 January 1994 Pending
Tunisiad1 March 1998 WT/REG69/ n.a. n.a.
III. NON-RECIPROCAL ACCESS TO THE EU MARKET
Algeriaf1 July 1976 L/4559, 24S/80 n.a. n.a.
Egyptg1 July 1977 L/4660, 25S/114 n.a. n.a.
Jordang1 July 1977 L/4559, 24S/80 n.a. n.a.
Lebanonf1 July 1977 L/4663, 25S/142 n.a. n.a.
Syriaf1 July 1977 L/4661, 25S/123 n.a. n.a.
a Association agreement, forerunner to possible accession.
b Europe Agreement, forerunner to possible accession.
c European Economic Area (EEA).d Euro-Mediterranean association agreement.
e Seven bilateral agreements of EEA type.
f Euro-Mediterranean association agreement under negotiation.g Euro-Mediterranean association agreement signed but not entered into force.
n.a. Not applicable.
Source : WTO Secretariat;  DG Trade (2001a), "EC Regional Trade Agreements" [Online].  Available at:  
http://europa.eu.int/comm/trade/pdf/ecrtagr.pdf  [1 November 2001]WT/TPR/S/102 Trade Policy Review
Page 116
Table AIII.1
Applied MFN tariffs by HS Chapter, 2002
(Per cent and US$ billion)
MFN 2002
Simple
averageMin. Max.Standard
deviationImports
2000HS codeNumb
er of8-
digit
HSlinesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (%)(US$
billion)
Total 10,400 6.4 0.0 209.9 11.3 807.4
2,354 HS Chapters 01-24 15.9 0.0 209.9 20.5 56.9
8,046 HS Chapters 25-97 3.8 0.0 39.8 3.7 750.5
01 55 Live animals 20.6 0.0 107.8 30.2 0.8
02 236 Meat and edible meat offal 28.3 0.0 192.2 31.1 2.7
03 324 Fish & crustacean, mollusc & other
aquatic invertebrate9.8 0.0 23.0 5.7 8.6
04 175 Dairy prod., birds' eggs, natural
honey, edible prod. n.e.s.38.4 0.0 209.9 36.8 1.0
05 21 Products of animal origin, n.e.s or
included0.2 0.0 5.1 1.1 0.8
06 42 Live trees & other plant, bulb, root,
cut flowers, etc.6.0 0.0 10.9 3.4 1.0
07 108 Edible vegetables and certain roots
and tubers12.7 0.0 150.1 21.3 2.4
08 128 Edible fruit and nuts, peel of citrus
fruit or melons9.0 0.0 118.1 11.5 7.3
09 42 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 3.1 0.0 12.5 4.3 4.7
10 55 Cereals 39.2 0.0 101.1 27.7 1.4
11 83 Prod. mill. indust., malt, starches,
inulin, wheat gluten22.2 1.2 84.4 16.8 0.1
12 79 Oilseeds, oleaginous. fruit, misc.
grain, seed, fruit, etc.1.8 0.0 52.3 6.2 4.9
13 18 Lac, gums, resins & other vegetable
saps & extracts2.2 0.0 19.2 5.1 0.4
14 8 Vegetable plaiting materials,
vegetable products0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
15 128 Animal/vegetable fats & oils & their
cleavage products8.9 0.0 75.8 13.2 1.7
16 92 Prep. of meat, fish or crustaceans,
molluscs, etc.18.5 0.0 97.2 11.5 2.5
17 47 Sugars and sugar confectionery 21.4 2.1 114.4 24.0 1.3
18 27 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 11.8 0.0 68.9 13.0 1.6
19 51 Prep. of cereal, flour, starch/milk,
pastrycooks' products16.4 7.6 49.6 10.5 0.5
20 321 Prep. of vegetables, fruit, nuts or
other parts of plants20.6 0.0 146.9 13.2 2.7
21 42 Miscellaneous edible preparations 9.6 0.0 21.1 5.1 1.0
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)European Union WT/TPR/S/102
Page 117
MFN 2002
Simple
averageMin. Max.Standard
deviationImports
2000HS codeNumb
er of8-
digit
HSlinesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (%)(US$
billion)
22 175 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 5.5 0.0 58.6 9.0 2.8
23 67 Residues/waste from the food ind.,
prep. animal fodder7.0 0.0 76.0 13.6 5.0
24 30 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco
substitutes18.3 2.2 74.9 21.2 1.6
25 92 Salt, sulphur, earth/stone, plastering
mat., lime & cement0.4 0.0 5.9 1.0 3.2
26 53 Ores, slag and ash 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3
27 111 Mineral fuels, oils & products of
their distillation1.4 0.0 8.0 1.9 122.1
28 266 Inorg. chem., compounds of precious
metals, radioactive elements4.5 0.0 7.2 2.0 4.8
29 550 Organic chemicals 3.7 0.0 39.8 3.9 17.8
30 59 Pharmaceutical products 0.1 0.0 6.5 0.8 10.9
31 37 Fertilizers 4.2 0.0 7.4 3.0 1.9
32 67 Tanning/dyeing extract, tannins &
derivs., pigment5.1 0.0 6.5 2.2 3.1
33 59 Essential oils/resinoids, perf.,
cosmetic/toilet prep.2.9 0.0 17.3 3.6 2.5
34 35 Soap, organic surface-active agents,
washing prep., etc.1.9 0.0 6.5 2.2 1.2
35 32 Albuminoidal subs., modified
starches, glues, enzymes7.0 0.0 23.2 5.9 0.8
36 10 Explosives, pyrotech. prod., matches,
pyrop. alloy6.3 5.7 6.5 0.3 0.3
37 60 Photographic or cinematographic
goods5.6 0.0 23.3 3.3 1.8
38 136 Miscellaneous chemical products 5.5 0.0 22.2 3.1 5.4
39 263 Plastics and articles thereof 5.7 0.0 8.4 2.7 15.8
40 112 Rubber and articles thereof 2.4 0.0 6.5 2.2 7.2
41 79 Raw hides and skins (not furskins)
and leather2.6 0.0 6.5 2.7 3.3
42 38 Articles of leather, saddlery/harness,
travel goods5.0 1.7 9.7 2.7 5.5
43 41 Furskins and artificial fur,
manufactures thereof1.4 0.0 3.7 1.3 0.4
44 165 Wood and articles of wood,  wood
charcoal2.6 0.0 10.0 3.1 12.9
45 13 Cork and articles of cork 3.3 0.0 4.7 2.3 0.1
46 12 Manufactures of straw, esparto/other
plaiting mat., etc.2.9 0.0 4.7 1.4 0.4
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/102 Trade Policy Review
Page 118
MFN 2002
Simple
averageMin. Max.Standard
deviationImports
2000HS codeNumb
er of8-
digit
HSlinesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (%)(US$
billion)
47 23 Pulp of wood/fibrous cellulosic
material, waste, etc.0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6
48 208 Paper and paperboard, articles of
pulp thereof1.7 0.0 3.2 0.8 6.9
49 26 Printed books, newspapers, pictures
& other products0.5 0.0 1.6 0.6 2.8
50 26 Silk 5.0 0.0 7.5 2.7 0.4
51 80 Wool, fine/coarse animal hair,
horsehair yarn/fabric5.1 0.0 9.8 3.8 1.8
52 162 Cotton 6.8 0.0 8.4 2.3 3.7
53 43 Other vegetable textile fibres, paper
yarn/woven fabric3.1 0.0 9.2 3.4 0.4
54 88 Man-made filaments 6.7 3.8 8.6 1.8 3.0
55 168 Man-made staple fibres 7.1 4.6 8.6 1.8 2.2
56 66 Wadding, felt & non-woven, yarns,
twine, cordage6.4 3.2 12.0 2.3 0.9
57 39 Carpets and other textile floor
coverings7.8 3.7 9.2 1.5 1.3
58 56 Special woven fabric, tufted tex.
fabric, lace, tapestries7.9 5.0 9.4 1.4 0.6
59 42 Impregnated, coated, cover/laminated
textile fabric6.5 4.0 9.2 1.6 0.7
60 65 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 8.7 6.5 8.8 0.4 0.8
61 171 Apparel & clothing accessories,
knitted or crocheted11.9 8.0 12.4 1.1 17.2
62 204 Apparel & clothing accessories, not
knitted/crocheted11.9 6.3 12.4 1.5 21.1
63 91 Other made-up textile articles, sets,
worn clothing10.1 0.0 12.4 3.3 3.8
64 82 Footwear, gaiters and the like, parts
thereof10.0 3.0 17.0 5.4 7.8
65 15 Headgear and parts thereof 2.5 0.0 5.7 1.3 0.6
66 9 Umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-
sticks, whips, etc.4.3 2.7 5.2 0.9 0.3
67 8 Prepared feathers/down, artificial
flowers, articles of human hair2.8 1.7 4.7 1.2 0.5
68 74 Art. of stone, plaster, cement,
asbestos, mica/sim. mat.1.2 0.0 3.7 1.0 1.6
69 53 Ceramic products 4.8 0.0 12.0 2.4 2.2
70 131 Glass and glassware 4.8 0.0 11.0 3.0 3.1
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)European Union WT/TPR/S/102
Page 119
MFN 2002
Simple
averageMin. Max.Standard
deviationImports
2000HS codeNumb
er of8-
digit
HSlinesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (%)(US$
billion)
71 63 Natural/cultured pearls, precious
stones/metals, coins0.7 0.0 4.0 1.4 31.6
72 432 Iron and steel 1.1 0.0 7.0 0.8 12.1
73 273 Articles of iron or steel 2.2 0.0 3.7 1.1 9.6
74 69 Copper and articles thereof 3.3 0.0 5.2 2.1 6.4
75 18 Nickel and articles thereof 0.6 0.0 3.3 1.2 2.4
76 64 Aluminium and articles thereof 6.3 0.0 10.0 2.0 9.6
78 13 Lead and articles thereof 2.7 0.0 5.0 2.2 0.2
79 12 Zinc and articles thereof 3.1 0.0 5.0 1.6 0.7
80 8 Tin and articles thereof 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
81 73 Other base metals, cermets, articles
thereof3.2 0.0 9.0 2.8 1.3
82 105 Tools, implements and cutlery of
base metal3.1 1.7 8.5 1.8 4.0
83 50 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 2.1 0.0 3.7 1.1 2.2
84 1,028 Nuclear reactors, boilers, mch./mech.
appliance, parts1.7 0.0 9.7 1.4 118.4
85 655 Electrical mch. equip. parts thereof,
sound recorders2.8 0.0 14.0 3.4 116.8
86 40 Railway/tramway locom., rolling-
stock & parts thereof, etc.1.8 0.0 3.7 0.6 1.1
87 180 Vehicles, other than railway/tramway
parts/accessories6.4 0.0 22.0 5.4 39.6
88 34 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 1.8 0.0 7.7 2.0 12.2
89 39 Ships, boats and floating structures 1.1 0.0 2.7 1.0 3.5
90 300 Optical, photo., cinemas, checking,
precision1.7 0.0 6.7 1.8 29.8
91 63 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 3.8 0.0 11.2 1.9 3.8
92 33 Musical instruments, parts and
accessories thereof3.2 1.7 4.0 0.5 0.7
93 30 Arms and ammunition, parts and
accessories thereof2.3 0.0 3.2 1.1 0.2
94 86 Furniture, bedding, mattress, mattress
support, cushions2.1 0.0 5.7 1.9 12.3
95 79 Toys, games & sports requisites,
parts & accessories thereof2.5 0.0 4.7 1.3 9.4
96 72 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 3.3 0.0 7.7 1.5 2.1
97 7 Works of art, collectors' pieces and
antiques0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, based on Europa online information.  Available at: http://europa.eu.int/eur-
lex/en/index.html official journal L279);  and information provided by Commission officials.WT/TPR/S/102 Trade Policy Review
Page 120
Table AIII.2
Quantitative restrictions on imports of textile and clothing products after Stage III of liberalization, 2002-04a
Category Description Countries subject to restrictions
Group I A
1 Cotton yarn, not for retail sale Argentina; Brazil; India; Indonesia; Pakistan;
Peru; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
2 Woven fabrics of cotton, other than gauze, terry fabrics, narrow woven fabrics, pile fabrics,
chenille fabrics, tulle and other net fabricsArgentina; Brazil; Hong Kong, China; India;
Indonesia; Malaysia; Pakistan; Peru;
Singapore; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
2(a) Of which:  Other than unbleached or bleached Argentina; Brazil; Hong Kong, China; India;
Indonesia; Malaysia; Pakistan; Singapore;
Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
3 Woven fabrics of synthetic fibres (discontinuous or waste) other than narrow woven fabrics, pile
fabrics (including terry fabrics) and chenille fabricsBrazil; Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Pakistan; Singapore; Korea, Rep.of; Thailand
3(a) Of which: Other than unbleached or bleached Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
4 Shirts, T-shirts, lightweight fine knit roll, polo or turtle necked jumpers and pullovers (other than
wool or fine animal hair), undervests and the like, knitted or crochetedBrazil; Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia;
Macau; Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines;Singapore; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
5 Jerseys, pullovers, slip-overs, waistcoats, twinsets, cardigans, bed-jackets and jumpers (other than
jackets and blazers), anoraks, windcheaters, waister jackets and the like, knitted or crochetedHong Kong, China; India; Indonesia; Macau;
Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore;
Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
6 Men's or boys' woven breeches, shorts other than swimwear and trousers (including slacks);
women's or girls' woven trousers and slacks, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres; lower parts
of tracksuits with lining other than category 16 or 29, of cotton or of man-made fibresBrazil; Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia;
Macau; Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines;
Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand
7 Women's or girls' blouses, shirts and shirt-blouses whether or not knitted or crocheted, of wool, of
cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; India; Indonesia; Macau;
Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore;Korea, Rep. of; Sri Lanka; Thailand
8 Men's or boys' shirts, other than knitted or crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres Hong Kong, China; India; Indon esia; Macau;
Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore;Korea, Rep. of; Sri Lanka; Thailand
9 Terry towelling and similar woven terry fabrics of cotton; toilet linen and kitchen linen, other than
knitted or crocheted of terry towelling and woven terry fabrics, of cottonBrazil; India; Pakistan; Korea, Rep. of
20 Bed-linen, other than knitted or crocheted Brazil; India; Macau; Pakistan; Thailand
22 Yarn of staple or waste synthetic fibres, not put up for retail sale Brazil; Malaysia; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
23 Yarn of staple or waste artificial fibres, not put up for retail sale India; Indonesia
39 Table linen, toilet and kitchen linen, other than knitted or crocheted, other than of terry towelling
or similar terry fabrics of cottonBrazil; Hong Kong, China; India; Macau
Group II B
12 Panty-hose and tights, stockings, under-stockings, ankle-socks, sockettes and the like, knitted or
crocheted, other than for babies, including stockings for varicose veins, other than products of
category 70Hong Kong, China; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
13 Men's or boys' underpants and briefs, women's or girls' knickers and briefs, knitted or crocheted,
of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; Macau; Philippines;
Korea, Rep. of
14 Men's or boys' woven overcoats, raincoats, and ot her coats, cloaks and capes of wool, of cotton or
of man-made fibres (other than parkas of category 21)Korea, Rep. of
15 Women's or girl's woven overcoats, raincoats and other coats, cloaks and capes; jackets and
blazers, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres (other than parkas of category 21)India; Macau; Philippines; Korea, Rep. of
16 Men's or boys' suits and ensembles, other than knitted or crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of man-
made fibres, excluding ski-suits, men's or boys' tracksuits with lining with an outer shell of asingle identical fabric, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; Macau; Korea, Rep. of
17 Men's or boys' jackets and blazers, other than knitted or crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of man-
made fibresKorea, Rep. of
ex21 Parkas; anoraks, windcheaters, waister jackets a nd the like, other than knitted or crocheted, of
wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres.  Upper parts of tracksuits with lining other than
category 16 and 29, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; Indonesia; Macau;
Philippines; Korea, Rep. of; Sri Lanka;
Thailand
26 Women's or girls' dresses, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres Hong Kong, China; India; Macau; Pakistan;
Philippines; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
28 Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches, and shorts (other than swimwear), knitted or
crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibresPakistan; Korea, Rep. of
29 Women's or girls' suits and ensembles, other than knitted or crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of
man-made fibres, excluding ski suits;  women's or girls tracksuits with lining with an outer shell
of an identical fabric, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; India; Korea, Rep. of
31 Brassières, woven, knitted or crocheted
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)European Union WT/TPR/S/102
Page 121
Category Description Countries subject to restrictions
78 Garments, other than knitted or crocheted, excluding garments of categories 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 21, 26, 27, 29, 72, 76, and 77Macau; Korea, Rep. of
83 Overcoats, jackets, blazers and other garments, including ski suits, knitted or crocheted, excluding
garments of categories 4, 5, 7, 13, 24, 26, 27, 28, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, and 75Hong Kong, China; Macau; Korea, Rep. of
Group III A
35 Woven fabrics of synthetic fibres (continuous), other than those for tyres of category 114 Indonesia; Korea, Rep. of
ex36 Woven fabrics of continuous artificial fibres, other than those for tyres of category 114 Korea, Rep. of
ex37 Woven fabrics of artificial staple fibres Korea, Rep. of
50 Woven fabrics of sheep's or lambs' wool or of other fine animal hair Korea, Rep. of
Group III B
ex67 Knitted or crocheted clothing accessories other than for babies; household linen of all kinds,
knitted or crocheted; curtains (including drapes) and interior blinds, curtain or bed valances andother furnishing articles knitted or crocheted; knitted or crocheted blankets and travelling-rugs,other knitted or crocheted articles including parts of garments or of clothing accessoriesKorea, Rep. of
97 Nets and netting made of twine, cordage or rope and made-up fishing nets of yarn, twine, cordage
or ropeKorea, Rep. of; Thailand
Group V
135 Woven fabrics of coarse animal hair or of horsehair Hong Kong, China
a Excluding quantitative restrictions affecting China (WTO documents G/TMB/N/60/Add.5 and G/TMB/N/64/Add.2), which acceded to
the WTO in late 2001, or quan titative restrictions affecting Chinese Taipei, which also  acceded to the WT O in late 2001.
Note: Direct exports;  trade under outward processing arrangements.
Source: WTO documents G/TMB/N/60, 19 April 1995;  G/TMB/N/1/Corr.2/Suppl.1, 20 February 1998;  and 
G/TMB/N/363 and Add.1.WT/TPR/S/102 Trade Policy Review
Page 122
Table AIV.1
Main indicators of support by commodity, 1986-2000
1986-88 1998-2000 1998 1999 2000a
Wheat PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE7,874
529,496
499,685
4810,234
548,570
43
Maize PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE2,862
522,308
382,121
372,448
402,355
36
Other grains PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE5,186
566,392
587,311
656,670
615,196
46
Rice PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE391
57147
17224
26146
1771
8
Oilseeds PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE2,828
591,188
271,090
221,212
281,261
30
Sugar PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE2,877
602,799
532,699
523,318
582,559
49
Milk PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE18,054
5717,165
4819,310
5416,704
4815,481
43
Beef and veal PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE13,676
5920,588
7620,543
7721,364
7719,856
75
Sheepmeat PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE3,647
703,614
563,548
573,912
593,383
52
Pigmeat PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE1,170
75,064
252,267
117,175
395,749
25
Poultry PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE1,040
142,782
33954
102,697
324,695
57
Eggs PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE660
14506
12493
11627
15398
9
Other commodities PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE25,566
4029,301
2828,352
2831,217
3028,334
28
All commodities PSE (Euro mn)
Percentage PSE85,829
44101,350
4098,596
39107,546
4397,907
38
a Provisional
Note: The Producer Support Estimate (PSE) for "other commodities" is the residual of the PSE for all commodities minus the PSE f or 
the commodities listed above.
Source : OECD (2001), Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries:  Monitoring and Evaluation 2001 , Paris:  OECD 
Secretariat.European Union WT/TPR/S/102
Page 123
Table AIV.2
Share of telecoms incumbents in call segments, 2001
Share of telecoms incumbents (or subsidiaries) in retail revenue
Country NameInternet calls Local calls Long-distance International
AustriaaPost und Telekom Austria
AG85 85 85 85
BelgiumaB e l g a c o m 9 99 99 58 9
Denmark Tele Danmark 74 74 74 74
Finland Sonera Limited 95 95 32 54
France France Telecom 77 98 74 79
Germany Deutsche Telekom AG 70 70 70 61
Greece OTE 100 100 100 100
Ireland Eircom 95 95 64 76
Italy Telecom Italia 88 93 76 60
LuxembourgaP&T Luxembourg 100 100 89 89
Netherlands KPN Telecom BV 98 99 79 69
PortugalaTelecom Portugal 100 100 100 100
Spain Telefónica 87 94 86 86
Sweden Telia 82 82 82 59
BT 62 70 59 48 United
KingdomKingston Communications 62 70 59 48
a 1999 data.
Source: COM(2001)706, Annex I;  and information provided by Commission officials.
__________