RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
21 September 2000 
 (00-3775) 
Working Party on the  
Accession of Kazakstan Original:   English 
 
 
 
ACCESSION OF KAZAKSTAN 
 
Services Offer for the Republic of Kazakstan  
 
Addendum  
 
 The Ministry of the Economy of the Republic  of Kazakstan has submitted the services offer 
reproduced hereunder.  An Explanatory note an d Comments to the revised offer of Specific 
Commitments on Services are also reproduced hereunder. 
 
_______________ 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1
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Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
Commitments include all sectors 
 
The rights and commitments of the Republic of Kazakstan resultant  from GATS, the Protocol on th e Accession to the WTO, includin g this Schedule, do not result in any rights 
and commitments arising directly with natural persons, legal persons, associations of legal persons and organizations that are not legal persons. 
 
The terms used in this Schedule should be understood in the sense they are defined by the Legislation of the Republic of Kazaks tan, unless directly indicated otherwise in the 
text of this Schedule, and as they defined in GATS. 
 
The Legislation of the Republic of Kazakstan in the text of th is Schedule means the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakstan, Decrees of the Presiden t of the Republic of 
Kazakstan, laws and other legal acts of the legislative and execu tive bodies, the National Bank of  the Republic of Kazakstan, a s well as other bodies that perform state 
functions. 
 (1), (2), (3) Unbound for: 
-  measures designed to protect the cultural 
legacy, including objects of cultural heritage 
(tangible and intangible historical and 
cultural monuments) and of national uniqueness; 
-  measures related to rendering of services 
connected with the us e of prohibited or 
restricted for free circulation materials and 
g o o d s ,  a s  w e l l  a s  h azardous technological 
processes; and 
-  assignment of special rights and preferences 
to groups of persons and regions that are 
socially and economi cally disadvantaged. 
 
(1), (3) Unbound for: 
- measures related to the parties of 
agreements on product sharing; and 
- access to and use of subsoil.  
 
 
  
 
 (1), (3) A special regime of activity may be 
established in border frontier territories, special 
economic zones or analogous territories, for (1), (2), (3) Unbound for: 
-  measures designed to protect the cultural 
legacy, including objects of cultural 
heritage (tangible and intangible historical 
and cultural monuments) and of national uniqueness; 
-  measures related to rendering of services 
connected with the us e of prohibited or 
restricted for free circ ulation materials and 
goods, as well as hazardous technological 
processes; and 
-  assignment of special rights and 
preferences to groups of persons and 
regions that are socially and economically disadvantaged. 
(1), (3) Unbound for: 
- measures related to the parties of 
agreements on product sharing; 
- access to and use of subsoil; and -  measures in respect of natural reserves, 
including specially protected natural 
territories, natural reserve museums, as well as resorts and medical and sanitary 
areas within the designated territories. 
 (1), (3) A special regime of activity may be 
established in border frontier territories, 
special economic zones or analogous   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 2 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
which the Legislation of the Republic of 
Kazakstan lays down a special procedure for 
carrying out economic activities. territories, for which the Legislation of the 
Republic of Kazakstan lays down a special 
procedure for carrying out economic activities. 
Real Estate (1), (3), (4) The following types of land plots 
cannot be in private ownership: 
- agricultural lands; 
- defense industry lands; - specially protected territories; 
- lands of forest and water funds; and 
- lands of general use on lands of inhabited 
areas. 
 
Granting, ceding and transfer of the right for temporary land use shall be provided to non-
governmental legal persons and natural persons, 
upon payment, for a tim e period not exceeding 
99 years. 
 
Transactions in regard to the right of land use 
shall not be allowed, including its alienation, on: 
- lands of general use; - lands provided for defense industry needs; 
- specially protected territories; and 
- official plots of lands  
Changing the purpose-oriented function of a plot 
of land shall be made upon the decision of a local executive body. (1), (3), (4) The right for permanent land use 
cannot be granted to foreign land users. 
 
Land plots provided for private utility farms and households, gardening and constructions 
of dachas cannot be in private ownership of 
foreign citizens.   
Subsidies and other forms of 
state support (f inancial and 
other material resources of the state)  (3), (4) Unbound  
  
Entry and temporary stay of 
natural persons (4)  Unbound, except measures of entry and 
temporary stay of: 
- Natural persons, arriving for business trips; 
and 
- Inter-corporate transfers of the following 
natural persons: 
 - leaders; and 
 - managers. (4) Unbound, except  those specified in the 
column “Restrictions on Market Access.”   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1
 Page 3Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
Natural persons, arriving for business trips shall 
mean persons, who are not domiciled within the 
territory of Kazakstan and are representatives of a service provider of a WTO member country 
and arrive in order to: 
-  introduce a service provider, conduct 
negotiations on sales of services of this 
provider, enter into agreement on sales of 
services, participate in business meetings; 
and 
-  establish commercial presence of a service 
provider in case when  such representatives 
are not directly involved in sales or 
provision of services directly to the public, do not receive moneta ry remuneration from 
legal persons from Kazakstan. 
 The period of temporary stay shall not exceed 90 
days. 
 Inter-corporate transfer of persons shall mean 
persons, who are transferred within their 
companies for the period of less than one year to stay temporarily in order to provide services 
either for this company or its affiliate. The 
number of such transferred persons, who have been hired outside the Republic of Kazakstan 
shall not exceed 5 per cent of the annual number 
of Kazakstani citizens, hired by a Kazakstani 
legal person (in case when the number of 
employees is less than 100, the number of persons subject to transfer shall not exceed 3 per 
cent). See more specific definitions below:  
- Leaders  shall mean persons within an 
organization (but not numbering  more than 
5 per cent of total number in this category), 
who are directly involved in management and determination  of objectives and policy 
of the organization or the main methods of 
functioning of the organization, and enjoy   
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Page 4 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
wide freedom in adoption of decisions and 
are supervised or directed by leaders of 
higher level, as well as the  board of directors or  by  stockholders of the 
enterprise.  
- Managers shall mean persons within an 
organization (but not more than 5 per cent 
of total number in this category), who are 
the main managers of that organization, 
department or subdivision,  managing and 
controlling  the work of other managers, professionals or administrative staff, and 
who enjoy the  right to hire and dismiss 
employees  or recommend hiring, dismissal  as well as other actions of  personnel, and 
manage  the routine operations at their own 
discretion.   
Commercial presence (3) Enterprises with foreign participation can be 
established in the form of a business 
partnership and in other forms, not 
contradicting the legislation of the Republic of Kazakstan 
 
All legal persons, involved in activities in the sphere of services subj ect to licensing, shall 
obtain a license. 
 When two or more persons, providing services, 
act on behalf of a legal person with foreign 
participation, it is required , that, at least, half of 
them be citizens of the Republic of Kazakstan.  
It is required, that enterprises, which have public 
(state or municipal) share in assets, shall obtain special permission from the authorized body in 
case of sales of such sh ares to third parties. (3) Legislative acts of the Republic of 
Kazakstan may identify territories, in 
which investment activities of foreign 
investors or enterprises with foreign participation may be limited or prohibited 
based on the needs of national security.  
 (3) In order to register an enterprise with 
foreign participation, it shall be 
required to provide the following in 
addition to the documents envisaged by the general statutory procedure: 
 a) for a foreign legal person - an 
 excerpt from a trade register or  other documents certifying that 
 the given subject is a legal person 
 under the legislation of its own  country, with a notary certified 
 translation to K azak or Russian; 
 and 
 b) for a foreign natural person - a 
 photocopy of his passport or 
 another identification document  with a notary certified translation 
 to Kazak or Russian Languages. 
 On certain types of activity, specified by 
legislative acts of the Republic of 
Kazakstan, enterprises with foreign 
participation shall obtain a special license  
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Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
to the right to conduct entrepreneurial 
activity. 
 In order to receive a license for any legal 
or natural person, it shall be required to 
provide documents of the statutory format as established by the Government of the 
Republic of Kazakstan that attest the 
presence of a qualifica tion level that meets 
the requirements to be met to engage in a 
given entrepreneurial activity. 
Capital payments (1), (2), (3), (4) Capital payments from non-
residents in favor of residents in the amount of more than US$100,000, which are related to 
attraction of investments to Kazakstan, shall be 
subject to registration in the National Bank (NB) of the RK. 
 
When residents make capital payments abroad, it 
is required to obtain a license from the NB of the 
RK.  
The National Bank of RK establishes the limits 
restricting exports of currency by natural and legal persons outside of the republic. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 6 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
II.  SPECIFIC SECTOR COMMITMENTS 
1.  COMMERCIAL SERVICES 
1.  Professional services 
a) legal services  
Services  on Legal 
consulting  and representation  in different 
areas of Law (CPC 8611) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3)  Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
 
Representation in criminal cases is carried out only by barristers.   
 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
 
A barrister may be only a citizen of the Republic of Kazakstan who has obtained an 
appropriate license. 
 A foreign natural person shell provide legal 
services in only respect of the legislation of his 
own state. While licensing fee-paying legal services 
that are not related to barrister’s activities, diplomas of educational institutions of 
foreign states attesting higher legal 
education must be recognizable in the 
Republic of Kazakstan. 
Services on compilation of 
legal documents and 
attesting of documents 
(CPC86 130) (1) Unbound 
(2) None  
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
 
  
 (1)  Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
 
A notary may be only a citizen of the Republic of Kazakstan who has obtained an appropriate 
license. 
 A foreign natural person shall provide legal 
services only in respect of the legislation of his 
country. For documents compiled by foreign legal 
persons to take legal force in the territory 
of the Republic of Kazakstan, such 
documents are subject to certification by a notary or by persons engaged in 
counselling.  If the Republic of Kazakstan 
joins the Hague Conv ention that repeals 
the requirement of legalization of foreign 
official documents of October 5, 1961, the 
procedure for legalization of foreign documents may be simplified.  
b)  Accounting, auditing 
and bookkeeping 
services  
 Accounting services (CPC 
8621, except for auditing) 
  
 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3)  None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; and 
 b) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the  Republic of Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3)  None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments  
 
 
  
(4) Unbound, except as sp ecified in horizontal 
commitments.   
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 Page 7Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
Services in the area of 
accounting , except for tax 
declarations (CPC 8622)  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except:  a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; and 
 b) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the 
 Republic of Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3)  None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
e) Comprehensive engineering services (CPC 
8673) on projects for transport infrastructure, 
water supply and sewerage, 
as well as “turn key construction” projects for 
processing industry 
enterprises  
 (CPC 86731, 86732, 
86733) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except:  a) restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
  b) access is possible for natural 
 persons  who render services on 
 behalf of a legal person after their
 qualifications and accreditation are 
 recognized by th e appropriate trade 
 union of the Republic of Kazakstan;  and 
 c) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the  Republic of Kazakstan. 
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) Unbound 
(2)   None 
(3)  None, except:  a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) access is possible for natural persons 
 who render services on behalf of a 
 legal person after their qualifications 
 and accreditation are recognized by 
 the appropriate tr ade union of the 
 Republic of Kazakstan; and 
 c) specialists in th e area of engineering 
 survey (namely, land-surveyors, 
 geophysicists, hydrologists,  construction engineers) must 
 additionally have proofs  to attest 
 that they have experience  working in  their professional capacity in the field 
 within five years or internship in 
 the field in Kazakstan for two years  under supervision of a Kazakstani 
 specialist. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
 
(3) Accreditation requirements are as 
follows: recognition of technical 
qualification in Kazakstan, work 
experience in the field of construction; submission of successful 
projects within two r ecent years; high 
quality of management and technical 
skills; references from foreign first-
class banks. 
2.  Computer and computer maintenance services 
a) Consulting services related to the installation of 
computer hardware (CPC 
841) (1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; (1)  None 
(2)  None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 8 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
 b) the share of foreign participation in 
 charter capitals of legal persons 
 must not exceed 60 per cent; and 
 c) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the 
 Republic of Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
b)  Software distribution services 
 Consulting services related 
to computer software (CPC 84210) (1) Unbound  
(2) None (3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) the share of foreign participation  in 
 charter capitals of legal persons 
 must not exceed 60 per cent; and 
 c) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the 
 Republic of Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) None  
(2) None (3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
System analysis services 
(CPC 84220) (1) Unbound  
(2) None (3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) the share of foreign participation in 
 charter capitals of legal persons 
 must not exceed 60 per cent; and 
 c) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the 
 Republic of Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) None 
(2) None (3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments; 
  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.   
Maintenance services (CPC 
84250) (1) Unbound  
(2) Unbound (3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; (1) None 
(2) Unbound (3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
   
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 Page 9Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
 b) the share of foreign participation in 
 charter capital of legal persons must 
 not exceed 60 per cent; and 
 c) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the 
 Republic of Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except  the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
c) Data processing services 
(CPC 84320) (1) Unbound  
(2) None (3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) the share of foreign participation in 
 charter capital of legal persons must 
 not exceed 60 per cent; and 
 c) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the 
 Republic of Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) None 
(2) None (3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments; 
  
 
  
 
 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
d) Data base related services 
(CPC 84400) (1) Unbound  
(2) None (3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) the share of foreign participation in 
 charter capital of legal persons must 
 not exceed 60 per cent; and 
 c) services to be rendered by a legal 
 person of the Republic of  Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) None 
(2) None (3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
  
 
 
 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
Services of Maintenance 
and Use of Computers and 
Office Equipment (CPC 84500) (1) Unbound  
(2) Unbound 
(3) None, except:  a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) the share of foreign participation in 
 charter capitals of legal persons (1) None 
(2) Unbound 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
 
 
   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 10 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
 must not exceed 60 per cent; and 
 c) services to be rendered by a legal 
 person of the Republic of  Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
Input Data preparation 
services (CPC 84310) (1) Unbound  
(2) None (3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) the share of foreign participation in 
 charter capital of legal persons must 
 not exceed 60 per cent; and 
 c) services to be rendered only 
 through a legal person of the 
 Republic of Kazakstan. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) None 
(2) None (3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
3. Research and development services 
b) research and 
experimental development in sphere of social sciences 
and humanities (CPC 8520) (1) Unbound  
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
5. Rental \ leasing services without operators 
a) Ships (CPC 83103) (1) None 
(2) None (3)  None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
b) Aircraft (CPC 83104) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
c) Other types of transport 
equipment (CPC 83105) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.   
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 Page 11Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
d) Other machinery and 
equipment (CPC 83109) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
6. Other commercial services  
b) management related to 
consulting services (CPC 
8650) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the rest rictions specified under 
horizontal commitments , test for economic 
needs. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
d) services related to 
management consulting 
(CPC 8660), except labor arbitrage (CPC 86602) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the rest rictions specified under 
horizontal commitments , test for economic 
needs. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
 
(4) Unbound  
p) Photographing services 
(CPC 87501, 87503, 87505, 
87506)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the rest rictions specified under 
horizontal commitments 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
q) Packaging services (CPC 
87600), except bottling of 
spirits containing and 
alcoholic products (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the rest rictions specified under 
horizontal commitments  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
II. POSTAL SERVICES 
c) Courier services (CPC 
7512), except services 
rendered by state institutions (1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3) None, except:  a) services to be re ndered only through a 
 legal person of the Republic of 
 Kazakstan; and 
 b) use of state postal networks to provide (1) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
(2)  None (3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
 
   
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Page 12 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
 commercial services is possible only 
 under specifically concluded 
 agreements.  The aggregate share of  foreign participation in charter capital 
 must not exceed 50 per cent. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
3.  Telecommunications services 
 
Measures applicable to all sectors of telecommunications 
 
1.  Rendering of telecommunications services and use of radio frequency wave spectrum to render telecommunications services shall b e subject to licensing.  Rendering of 
inter-city and international telecommunications services must be effectuated only through inter-city and international shared t elecommunications centers .  Licenses for the 
right to provide telecommunications services and to use radio frequency wave spectrum shall be issued by the state authorized b ody in the area of telecommunications 
exclusively to the applicant and may not be transferred to any third party.  Restrictions on a quantity of licenses may be conn ected with insufficiency  of radio frequency 
resources and telephone numeration shared telecommunications networks. 
2.  Connecting to shared networks shall be allowed only in compliance with technical conditions for shared networks to be issued by  the National Operator of communications 
and shall depend on technical capacities of such shared telecommunications network.  Telecommunication equipment and terminals for rendering telecommunication’s 
services shall be subject to mandatory certification in the stat e system of certification of th e Republic of Kazakstan. Connect ion of telecommunication network to shared 
telecommunication networks shall be allowed only at the levels an d in the points, specified in the license issued to an operato r of the network to be connected to upon 
agreement. 
3. International and inter city traffic of communication operators, connected to a shared telecommun ication network, shall be used  only through international and long-
distance channels of the National Communication operator.  
4. Satellite telecommunications networks must have management centers  and billing centers in the territory of the Republic of Kaza kstan. 
5. Tariffs of monopolistic operators shall be regulated by the state authorized body for competition protection. 
6. Call-back and re-file se rvices are prohibited. 
These terms relate to sub-sectors from (a ) to (n) below in respect of market access and national treatment in all four modes of  supply: 
a) Telephone data 
transmission services (CPC 
7521) 
 b) Packed-switched data transmission services (CPC 
7523) 
c) Circuit-switched data transmission services (CPC 
7523) 
d) Telex services  (CPC 7523) 
e) Telegraph services (CPC 
7522) (1) None, except the restri ctions specified under 
 horizontal commitments 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the rest rictions specified under 
horizontal commitments 
(4) Unbound, except  those specified in 
horizontal commitments 
 
 
 (1) Unbound  
 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified  under horizontal commitments 
(4) Unbound, except  the restrictions specified 
 in horizontal commitments  
 
   
 
  
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 Page 13Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
f) Facsimile services (CPC 
7521+7529) 
g) Private leased circuit services (CPC 7522+7523) 
h) E-mail services (CPC 
7523) i) Voice mail services (CPC 
7523) 
j) Database data exchange 
and data retrieval 
k) Electronic data interchange services 
l) Facsimile services with 
added value, including storage and sending, as well 
as data storage and retrieval 
m) Code and protocol conversion 
n) Data exchange services in 
real time scale and/or database processing 
(including exchange) 
III. CONSTRUCTION SERVICES 
1. Construction works to build hotels, restaurants and 
similar buildings (CPC 5126) 
2. Constructions works to 
build bridges, ground 
automobile roads, tunnels 
and structures of underground roads (CPC 
5132) 
3. Leasing services related to equipment for 
construction and demolition 
of buildings and objects of civil construction with an 
operator (CPC 518) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except:  a) the restrictions specified under  
  horizontal commitments; and  
 b) services to be rendered through a legal 
  person of the Republic of Kazakstan 
  only.  
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified (1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3) None, except:  a) the restrictions specified under  
  horizontal commitments; 
 b) 80 per cent of economic activity of a 
  foreign legal person must include  
  certain types of construction works;   and 
 c) licenses for the right to construction 
  and installation works are issued to    foreign legal and natural persons in  
  respect of a specific construction  
  object provided a contract is    presented which is signed as a result 
  of an open tender. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 14 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
 under horizontal commitments.  under horizontal commitments. 
IV.  TRADE SERVICES 
No commitments shall be made in respect of the distribution of the following products: 
 
-  explosive materials, equipment and devices for blasting and pyrotechnic items; 
-  measurements devices used in the area of state metrological control and supervision; 
-  ethyl spirits, alcoholic and spirits containing products; 
-  narcotics and psychotropic substances; 
-  agricultural raw materials and live animals (62111, 6221) 
These conditions relate to the sub-sectors from the first to the third items below in  respect to market access and national tre atment by (1), (2), and (3) modes of supply: 
1.  Services of commission 
agents  (CPC 62113, 62114, 
62115, 62116) (1) Unbound 
(2) None  
(3) Authorization of local authorities is 
required.  Test for economic needs.1 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None  
(3) None.  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.   
2.  Whole sale services 
(CPC 6111, 61130, 61210) (1) Unbound 
(2) None  
(3) Authorization of local authorities is 
required.  Test for economic needs. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None  
(3) None 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.   
3.  Retailing services (CPC 
6323, 6324) (1) Unbound 
(2) None  (3) Authorization of local authorities is 
required.  Test for economic needs 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None  (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.   
4. Franchising Services 
(CPC 8929) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the rest rictions specified under 
horizontal commitments in Part I 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
                                                      
1 The criteria of this test are based the density of the populatio n, the impact produced on existing shops and the necessity to create new jobs.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1
 Page 15Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
V. SERVICES IN EDUCATION  
3. Services in higher private 
education (CPC 923) (1) Unbound  
(2) None  
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) Unbound  
(2) None  
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
4. Services in private 
education for adults (CPC 
92400) (1) Unbound  
(2) None  
(3) None, except for restrictions specified under 
horizontal commitments 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) Unbound  
(2) None  
(3) None, except for restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
VII.  FINANCIAL SERVICES 
Under paragraph 2 (a) of the Annex on Financial Services of th e General Agreement on Trade in Services, Kazakstan will not proh ibit application of  precautionary measures 
by the authorized supervising bodies, including  protection of  investors, depositors, insurance policy holders or authorized r epresentatives of financial service providers or 
measures to ensure the integrity a nd stability of the financial system. 
All insurance and insurance related services 
 
1. Only legal persons established within th e territory of the Republic of Kazakstan and who have obt ained rights in such operat ions (licenses) shall carry out insurance 
 activity.  Operations of foreign insurance organizations in the ca pacity of insurers in the terr itory of the Republic of Kazak stan shall be prohibited. Citizens, including 
 foreign persons, stateless persons and all legal persons who carry out their operations in the territory of the Republic of Ka zakstan shall insure themselves against risks 
 related to such operations with insurance organizations of the Republic of Kazakstan.  
2. An insurance organization that has obtained a license to engage  in life insurance, shall not have the right to engage in any  other types of insurance and vice versa.  
3. Insurance companies   can be  solely established only in the form of Joint Stock Companies. 4. Foreign participants of an insurance (re-insurance) organization may be only insurance (re-insurance) organizations of a cer tain rating (the minimal rating and list of rating 
 agencies is established by th e insurance supervising body). 
5. Total registered Charter Fund of insu rance (re-insurance) organizations  with fo reign participation shell not exceed 25 per cent  of the total registered charter fund of all 
 insurance (re-insurance) or ganizations of Kazakstan.  
6. A legal person which has a status of a company, registered in an offshore zone, can not be a participant  of a  resident ins urance organization  of the Republic of Kazakstan. 
7. The share of natural persons - residents of the Republic of Kazakstan must be at least 50 per cent in the Managing Bodies (B oards of Directors, Managing Panels) of 
 insurance organizations with foreign participation, and their st aff must include at least 75 per cent of residents of the Repu blic of Kazakstan.  
8. No person may directly or indirectly own over 25 per cent of the shares of an insurance organization (except, its subsidiary  companies). 
9. Activities of foreign insurance (re-insurance) organizations to re-insure risks assumed by insu rers of Kazakstan shall be ca rried out through branches and representative 
 offices registered in the Republic  of Kazakstan with a permission of  the insurance supervising body.  
10. Foreign legal persons may engage in the territory of the Repu blic of Kazakstan in insurance broker’s operations only to pro vide services to insurers of the Republic of 
 Kazakstan to re-insure their ri sks abroad.  In this case, foreign legal pers ons shall carry out thei r activities through their  branches and representative office in the territory of 
 the Republic of Kazakstan registered pursuant to the statutory procedure. 
11.  An insurance broker shell operate in the territory of the Republic of Kazakstan only under a license issued to the broker by the insurance supervising body.  
These terms relate to sub-sectors from a) to d) be low in respect to market access and national treatment.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 16 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
a) Life  insurance services 
(CPC 81291) (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
b) Insurance services, other 
than life insurance (CPC 8129, except for 81291, 
81299) (1) Unbound 
(2) All legal persons, conducting activity on the 
territory of Kazakstan , shall enter into 
contracts only with local insurance 
companies 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound  
 
 (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.   
(c ) Services on reinsurance 
and retrocession (CPC 
81299) (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
(d) Auxiliary insurance 
services (including 
brokering and agency services) (CPC 81401) (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound  
(3) Foreign legal persons may operate in the 
territory of the Republic  of Kazakstan in the 
capacity of insurance brokers only to 
provide services to insurers of the Republic of Kazakstan to re-insure their risks abroad.  
Insurance broker’s operations shall be 
subject to licensing 
(4) Unbound, except as specified horizontally. (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) None  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
2.  BANKING AND OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES 
1. Only banks are authorized to engage in  banking under licenses of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakstan to conduct b anking transactions.  Organizations other 
 than banks are legally able to conduct certain banking transac tions provided they are licensed by the National Bank of the Rep ublic of Kazakstan.  In order to obtain a 
 license to engage in banking transactions, a bank is required to within one year from the day of state registration meet all a pplicable requirements of organizational and 
 technical nature, hire personnel of appropriate qualifica tion as well as pay for the announced charter capital.  
2. Banks may be established only in the form of Joint Stock Companies of Closed Type (JSCCT). 
3. State registration of a bank is carried out based on a permission of the National Bank and provided there are founding docum ents approved by the National Bank. 
4. It shall be prohibited for foreign banks to open up affiliates in th e Republic of Kazakstan. 
5. Representative offices of non-resident banks shall be opened in  the territory of the Republic of Kazakstan with permissions of the National Bank of Kazakstan.  
6.  It shall be possible for a non-resident bank to set up a subs idiary non-resident bank of the Republic of Kazakstan and to a cquire over 50 per cent of shares of a resident 
 bank of the Republic of Kazaks tan only after one year of operations in the terr itory of the Republic of Kazakstan of its repre sentative office.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1
 Page 17Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
7. A father bank in respect of a subsidiary bank may be non-resident banks of the Republic of Kazakstan that have a certain rat ing standing with one of the main rating 
 agencies which is not to be lower then the one held by the Republic of Kazakstan (this requirement shall cover acquisition of over 50 per cent of shares of resident banks of 
 the Republic of Kazakstan by non-resident banks as well).  
8. The aggregate amount of registered charter capitals of banks with foreign participation may not exceed 10 per cent of the to tal registered charter capital of all banks of 
 Kazakstan. 
9. The share of persons – resident of the Republic of Kazakstan in  the managing bodies (Boards of Directors, Managing Panels) o f banks with foreign participation must be at 
 least 50 per cent and their personnel - at least 75 per cent.  
10. A legal person who has a status of a company registered in an offshore zone or natural persons who are founders (shareholde rs) of a legal person registered in an offshore 
 zone, the list of which is established by the National Bank of Kazakstan, may not be founders or shareholders of resident bank s of the Republic of Kazakstan.  
11. The National Bank of the Republic of Kazakstan shall have a right to establish a special procedure for opening affiliates o f banks with foreign participation in the Republic 
 of Kazakstan, in part related to the management of a maximu m number of affiliates and required level of rating of a bank with foreign participation.  
12. A non-resident bank of the Republic of Kazakstan who is a f ounder or a participant of a bank in addition to other required documents shall be required to provide a written 
 confirmation from the banking supervision body of the concerned state to attest that this bank has a valid license to engage i n banking transactions and that this bank is 
 subject to supervision on a consolidated basis. 13. A natural or legal non-resident  of the Republic of Kazakstan who is a founder or a participant of a bank, in addition to t he required documents, shall be required to attach 
 to its application for a permission to open a bank a written notice of the authorized body (for non-resident banks - banking s upervision bodies) of a concerned state 
 confirming that this person is allowed to participate in the ch arter capital of a resident bank of the Republic of Kazakstan o r an statement from the authorized body (for 
 non-resident banks - banking supervision body) of a concerned state confirming that such a permission is not required under it s legislation.  
 
The National Bank of the Republic of Kazakstan shall have a right to request information on the financial positions of banks or  organizations, founding a bank, in the charter 
capital of which a legal or natural non-resid ent person participates.  If the financial position of such banks or financial org anizations is not satisfactory, the National Bank of the 
Republic of Kazakstan shall have a right to refuse a given legal or natural non-resident person in the charter capital of a res ident bank. 
 14. Non-resident legal persons of the Repub lic of Kazakstan, including banks, may have five and over percent of shares of resid ent banks of the Repu blic of Kazakstan 
 provided they hold a minimum required rating of one of rating agencies from the list establis hed by the National Bank of Kazak stan.  
15. The National Bank of the Republic of Kazakstan shall have a right to impose additional requirements on banks with foreign p articipation in respect of their bodies, list of 
 available banking transactions, prudential standards and reporting procedures. 
16. Banks with foreign participation shall be required to accomm odate funds into domestic (internal) assets in the amount and p ursuant to the procedure established by the 
 National Bank of Kazakstan. 
17. The National Bank of the Republic of Kazakstan shall have a right to establish a minimum required rating for father non-res ident banks to open up subsidiary banks in 
 Kazakstan. 18. Currency transactions, related to the flow of capital, which results in the transfer  of funds from non-residents in favor of non-residents for the amount more than 100 
 thousands of US$ or in appropriate equivalent in other currency shall be subject to mandatory registration with the National B ank of Kazakstan for accounting. 
 purposes.  19. Currency transactions related to the flow of capital that co nsist in transfer of currency funds from residents to non-resid ents shall be subject to licensing by the National 
 Bank of Kazakstan (except broker’s, d ealer’s operations of auth orized banks with state se curities of non-residents). 
b. Financial consulting 
services, provided by 
financial consultants on 
issues of mortgage, (1) None  
(2) None  
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified (1) None  
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as specified horizontally   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 18 Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
exchange bureau, etc.. as 
well as to clients on 
financial issues with respect to stock exchange 
investments, and the issues 
on individual financial planning  (CPC 81132)  under horizontal commitments.  
IX. TOURISM RELATED SERVICES 
1. Services of hotels and 
restaurants (including 
supply of food-stuff products, except services to 
supply alcohol beverages 
for consumption indoors, and for supplies of food-
stuffs by air, land and 
maritime transport (CPC 641, part 642, part 643) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except:  a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) presence of a tourism license issued by 
 the Committee for Tourism; and 
 c) services to be rendered through a legal 
 person of the Republic of Kazakstan  only. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except:  a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; and 
 b) presence of a to urism license issued 
 by the Committee for Tourism. 
 
  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
2. Travel agencies and tour 
operators services (CPC 
74710) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; 
 b) presence of a tourism license issued by 
 the Committee for Tourism; and 
 c) services to be rendered through a legal 
 person of the Republic of Kazakstan 
 only. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except: 
 a) the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; and 
 b) presence of a to urism license issued 
 by the Committee for Tourism. 
 
 
 (4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
X.  RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERV ICES (OTHER THAN AUDIO-VISUAL SERVICES) 
1. Entertainment services 
(including services on 
organization of performances, music shows 
and circuses) (CPC 96194, 
96199) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except:  a)  the restrictions specified under 
 horizontal commitments; and 
 b) services to be rendered through a legal 
 person of the Republic of Kazakstan (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments  
 
 
   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1
 Page 19Mode(s) of Supply:  1.  Cross-border supply  2.  Consumption abroad  3.  Commercial presence  4.  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Restrictions on  market access Restrictions on natio nal treatment Additional commitments 
 only. 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
horizontal commitments.  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments. 
XI.  TRANSPORT SERVICES  
1. Maritime transport services    
d) Maintenance and repair 
of vessels (CPC 8868) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the rest rictions specified under 
horizontal commitments  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.  
2.  Internal waterways services 
d) Maintenance and repair 
of vessels (CPC 8868) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I.  
6.  Road transport services 
d) Maintenance and repair 
of road transport equipment 
(CPC 6112, 8867) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments 
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments in Part I. (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments  
(4) Unbound, except the restrictions specified 
under horizontal commitments.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 20 I.  Republic Kazakhstan:  List of Exemptions from Article II (MFN) GATS  
 
Sector or Sub-
Sector of Services  Measure Description, demonstrating its  
discrepancy to article II GATS Countries, in respect of which given 
measure is used Period of validity 
 Conditions, creating the needs  for 
given exemptions 
All Sectors  
 
 
 
  
 
 Establishment of the Common Economic 
Union for the purposes of forming the 
conditions for free supply of services and 
assistance to growth of  economic integration 
of countries-participants 
 Establishment of the Common Economic 
Area for purposes of improving mutual trade 
of services and economic integration of countries-participants 
 
  
 
Reinforcement of integrated relationships between the Central Asia Countries, 
fortification of their Economic Union and 
creation of an effectively functioning economic area of region All C.I.S. countr ies, with which 
Agreement takes effect 
 
 
 
 Republic of Kazakhstan, Russia 
Federation, Belarus Republic, Kyrgyz 
Republic, Tadjikistan  
 
  
 
Republic of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tadjikistan 
 
  Indefinite 
 
 
 
 
 Indefinite  
 
  
 
  
 
Indefinite Agreement on Establishment a Free 
Trade Zone within the Territory of 
C.I.S. Countries of 15 April 1994. 
 
 
 Agreement on Establishment of the 
Customs Union (CU) of 
20 January 1995.   
Agreement on Customs Union and 
United Economic Space of 26 February 1999 
 
Agreement on Establishment a United Economic Space of 30 March 
1994. 
 
 Establishment of a common market services, 
provision of mutual liberalisation of 
functioning of priority sectors of economy and social spheres  Republic of  Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, 
Kyrgyz Republic, Tadjikistan, 
Turkmenistan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Iran Indefinite  Updated  Charter of  UEU -Izmir 
Agreement, 14 September 1996. 
Izmir, Turkey. This Agreement has been ratified by Kazakhstan on 
29 June 1998  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
 Page 21 
 
 
  Explanatory Note  
to the Offer of Specific Commitments on Services of the Republic of Kazakstan  
 
 This Offer of Specific Commitments (hereinafter: the Schedule) contains the codes of the UN Universal Classification of Central Products in brackets in respect of sectors/sub-sectors (Statistical 
Papers Series M No. 77, Provisional Central Produc t Classification, Department of International 
Economics and Social Affairs, Statistical O ffice of the United Nations, New York, 1991). 
  All commitments listed in this Schedule are unde rtaken, provided that only measures set forth 
in paragraph 2 of Article XVI of GATS are understood as market access restrictions. WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 22  
 
  Comments to the revised Offer of Specific Commitments
 
on Services of the Republic of Kazakstan  
 
 
1. General Description of the revised Offe r of Specific Commitments on Services of the 
 Republic of  Kazakstan.  
  The Schedule of Specific Service Commitments  has been revised within the last two years 
and approved by the Interministerial Committee of  the Republic of Kazakstan for WTO  Matters. 
 
 Practically, all ministries, agencies and a numbe r of independent institu tions and experts of 
Kazakstan participated in comp iling these Kazakstani commitments.  To this end, a significant 
support was rendered by several WTO members and in ternational organizations within the framework 
of technical assistance.  The draft was coordinated with diverse business and legislative circles of Kazakstan and due consideration given to the regulat ory experience of many WTO members that also 
used to be transition economies which was refl ected in their commitments related to GATS. 
 
 The measures included in the draft Schedule ar e based on the existing legislation and on draft 
legislative acts that are being developed within the Government and the Parliament of the Republic of  
Kazakstan.  In cases where there is no legislation or drafts of future legislation, the draft Schedule reflects the major strategic policies pursued by K azakstan to develop its service sector, including the 
concept of creating a competitive market of services , depending on the priority attached to certain 
sectors of services for the stable development of th e economy of Kazakstan on the whole, interests of 
major service providers and consumer s, as well as employment issues. 
  It is also very important to note that the service market dynamics is not reflected in full in the 
legislative base of Kazakstan, wh ich, on one hand, depends on the macroeconomic situation and, on 
the other hand, laws necessary for the development in  trade in such service sectors, i.e. professional 
services, banking services, have been adopted or are being developed.    The list of Specific Commitments is reviewed  to take into account, to a maximum extent 
possible, the economic capacity of Kazakstan, th e comments received from the following partner-
countries: the EU, Switzerland and Canada provided in respect of the initial offer.  Changes have to 
do with some modifications of the commitments in respect of courier, telecommunication, constructions, insurance and banking services as well as relate to changes of explanatory nature in 
certain services sectors (legal services, trading servi ces, services in the area of education, tourism and 
transportation) in terms of restrictive measures and commitments relating to them. 
 
 General horizontal commitments were supplemente d by the sectors of real estate, subsidies, 
entry procedure and temporary stay for natural persons, commercial presence and capital payments. A 
number of restrictive measures are also provided in or der to protect the cultura l legacy and domain, to 
limit use of materials and goods that are prohibited for free circulation, to protect socially and economically disadvantaged communities and regions, participants of agreements on product sharing, 
access and use of natural resources, nature reserves and special economic zones. 
  The absence of any commitments in the areas of  environmental protection, health and social 
sphere is attributed to the fact that they have  been placed among the “sensitive” areas which require 
application of measures of state regulation in or der to form and ensure economic and ecological 
safety.  The reason for narrowing commitments in r espect of some other service sectors is that such 
services are not available currently here, for example,  certain banking and financial services.  This, in 
turn, explains the absence of appropriate le gislative base and institutional structures. 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
 Page 23 
 
 
   A List of Exemptions from Article II of GATS is attached to the draft Schedule to indicate the 
intention of the Republic of Kazakstan to provide certain exemptions from MFN in favor of certain 
member countries of the Customs Union, Cent ral Asian Economic Uni on, Commonwealth of 
Independent States and Organizati ons of Economic Cooperation as agre ed  within the agreements 
concluded in the frameworks of these integration unions. 
 
2.  Main Indicators of the Development of the Domestic Services Sector of the Republic of 
Kazakstan  
  The services sector is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy, the 
significance of which will be growing in the fu ture, although the on-going economic crisis is also 
affecting this sector.  For example, the growth of production of services by 0.5 per cent in 1995, as 
compared with the year of 1994, declined in real terms in 1997 to reach 0.4 per cent.  In 1998, the 
situation in this sector deteriorated because of th e global financial crisis leading the total volume of 
production of services in Kazakstan to a 1.4  per cent fall.  This negatively influences the whole 
economy of the republic in a very significant manner,  since the share of services in the national GDP 
is sufficiently large and continues to grow.  For the period from 1990 to 1998, this share grew from 
33 per cent to 60 per cent of the total GDP (see Table 1).   For the period from January to June 1999 as co mpared with the analogous period of the last 
year, the share of services in the total GDP grew from 60 per cent to 65 per cent, while the share of 
industrial production was reduced.  The growth of th e share of services in the total GDP is explained 
by a slower fall of production of services for the sa me period in real terms in comparison with the 
production of goods.  At the same time, this is also  explained by a overriding growth of prices for 
services as opposed to prices for goods as well as by the ongoing development of a market infrastructure of Kazakstan and appearance of new typ es of services - consulting, auditing, advertising  
services and suchlike. 
 
Table 1:  Service Production in present prices, million Tenge
 
 
 1995 1996 1997 1998 
GDP 1014190.0 1415749.7 1672142.5 1747720.0 
Real Change ( per cent) 91.8 100.5 101.7 97.5 
Deflation Indicator ( per cent) 260.9 139 116.2 107.2 
Service Production 532,551.8 798,219.0 961,254.3 103,9051.8 
Real Change ( per cent) 100.5 103.3 100.4 98.6 
Deflation Indicator  ( per cent) 292.2 145.1 120 110.4 
Structure of Services in GDP in  per cent 
 1995 1996 1997 1998 
GDP 100 100 100 100 
Of which:  Service Production 53 57 59 60 
Transport 10 10 10 10 
Communications 1 2 2 2 
Trade 17 17 16 17 
Other Services 25 28 31 31 
  Financial services, wholesale services, commissi on agent trade, services in the area of higher 
education, services in the area of education for adults, touring services and advertising services 
accounted for a larger share in the structure of services in the Republic of Kazakstan by all types of 
economic activity as reported for 1998.  It does not appear possible to provide any precise data on production of services in accordan ce with the UN Classification of Se rvices in Kazakstan, because 
statistical data on production of services in this country is collected only by the types of economic 
activity (in accordance with the OCEA, edition 2,  based on the NACE standard).  Therefore and WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
Page 24  
 
  further, our comments on certain services sectors will contain data in totals closer (as data permits) to 
the UN Classification of Services or OCEA. 
 
International Services of the Republic of Kazakstan
 
 
 Under the condition of the remaining 12 per cen t volume of turnover of international services 
(non-factoring) in the total turnover of goods a nd services during 1995-1998, th e deficit in balance of 
international (non-factoring) services remained significant within US$230-280 million or 0.9-1.4 per cent of the GDP (Table 2).  
Table 2:  Dynamics of Balance of Interna tional Services in the Republic of Kazakstan
 
million US$ 
 1995 1996 1997 1998 
Balance of (Non-Factor) Services (Net) -241 -254 -284 -230 
In Percent to GDP -0.9 -1.05 -!.4 -1.3 
Services Rendered by Kazakstan to Non-
residents 535 674 842 896 
A. Transportation Services 352 432 495 380 
B. Tourism Services 122 199 289 407 
C. Other Services 62 43 58 109 
Of which:  Communication Services 35 18 38 45 
Services Received by Kazakstan from 
Non-residents -776 -928 -1,126 -1,126 
A. Transportation Services -298 -357 -392 -410 
B. Tourism Services -283 -319 -445 -494 
C. Other Services -196 -252 -289 -223 
Of which: Communication Services -54 -11 13 -17 
Source:  The Republic of  Kazakstan  National  Bank 
 
 In 1998, though the deficit in the balance of  services contracted by 19 per cent as compared 
with the year of 1997, the negative balance was still seen in all components of the balance of 
international services of Kazakstan.  The nega tive balance under group titles “Tourism Services” and 
“Other Services” has  not changed, whereas th e negative balance under gr oup title “Transportation 
Services” was formed for the first time in 1998, wh ich was caused by a significant contraction in trade 
in goods with the other CIS countries accompanied by a fall in exports to other countries.  The 
increase in the number of non-residents from far ab road, who arrived in Kazakstan for business 
purposes, caused almost 40 per cent growth in export ation of services provided to such non-residents. 
On the other hand, foreign air carriers kept increasing  their operations in the Kazakstani market of the 
passenger transportation services, overturning the positiv e balance in this area in 1997 into negative in 
1998.   The devaluation of the Russian currency a nd subsequent relative decrease in prices for 
consumer goods in the CIS countries became a reas on for intensification of trade and increased 
imports of goods for personal use by residents domicile d in areas bordering with Russia.  As a result 
of more frequent visits to the areas on the bor der with Russia and reduc tion in number of those 
traveling for personal and business reasons far abro ad, the number of trips by Kazakstani citizens 
traveling to the CIS countries increased almost by 60 per cent, whereas the number of trips in other 
countries fell by 35 per cent.  On the whole, the importation of services under group title "Tourism 
Services" increased by 11 per cent.  The negative ba lance in services that ca me about in 1998 may be 
attributed to a larger extent to the deficit in tourism services in the amount of US$76.6 million. 
  The twofold increase in the volume of other (business-related) services provided by residents allowed to slack the deficit under this title more th an in double terms. An increase in exportation of  WT/ACC/SPEC/KAZ/5/Add.1 
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  business services mostly may be related to services provided in the area of raw material processing 
and construction.  A significant contraction - by 43 per cent of the amount of services rendered by CIS non-residents led to an overall contraction in importation of business services by 23 per cent.  Services related to construction, finance, consulti ng and engineering and technical services prevail in 
the structure of other services provided by non-residents. 
 
 The balance of income (factoring services) that  is traditionally in favor of non-residents in 
1998 exceeded US$298 million or 1.3 per cent of th e GDP slightly falling from the level of the 
previous year (US$310 million).  The contraction of the negative balance was also caused by the considerable growth of the amounts of short-term cr edits (loans) issued by the second level banks.  On 
the whole, receipts from the external assets of resi dents exceeded the amount of income received in 
1997 almost 1.4 times.   The amount of payments to non-residents fo r the use of external financial and labour 
resources was US$390 million practically remaining at the same level as in 1997.  Some changes took 
place in the expenditure structure on honouring financ ial obligations.  The growth in payments to 
honour loaned obligations of the state and bank  sectors was accompanied by a decrease in payments 
on credits and loans taken by enterprises of th e republic (including credits attracted under the 
governmental guarantees and loans from direct investments).  Because of a contraction in the volume of new crediting and pay-back of debts on current  loans and credits, the total amount of payments 
decreased on debt obligations of the enterprises of  the republic. 
 
 With hindsight to the aforesaid and given that the formation of many services sectors in Kazakstan is still underway, clear criteria of their fu rther liberalization have not been defined yet and 
no appropriate regulatory base has been created in respect of many of them, it appears that to undertake commitments in accordance  with the proposed reviewed offer on services is the most 
acceptable way at present. 
 
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