APPENDIX TABLESVenezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 131
Table AI.1
Exports (f.o.b.) by product, 1996-2001
(Per cent)
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total (US$ million) 23,072.3 22,889.9 17,054.1 20,076.2 30,948.1 25,304.6
 Total primary products 87.9 86.7 80.5 88.5 91.1 89.0
Agriculture   2.7 3.0 4.1 2.9 1.7 2.0
Food 2.5 2.8 3.8 2.6 1.5 1.7
0361 Crustaceans, frozen 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4
Agricultural raw materials 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mining 85.3 83.7 76.5 85.7 89.4 87.0
Ores and other minerals 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.0
Non-ferrous metals 3.4 3.4 4.1 3.3 2.5 1.03.0
6841 Aluminium and aluminium alloys,
unwrought2.5 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.0 2.4
6842 Aluminium and aluminium alloys, worked 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.5
Fuels 80.8 78.9 70.6 81.4 86.1 83.0
333 Crude petroleum 54.7 53.2 45.7 53.7 58.9 58.3
334 Products of petroleum except crude
petroleum25.7 25.2 24.1 27.1 26.6 23.5
Manufactures 11.9 13.3 17.9 11.4 8.8 10.7
Iron and steel 3.1 3.5 3.9 3.2 2.6 3.1
6713 Pig iron ingots, balls and similar forms 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9
6734 Flat products of iron or unwrought steel 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5
Chemicals 3.5 3.7 5.9 3.6 2.8 3.7
5161 Ether, alcohol peroxide, etc. 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.7
Other semi-manufactures 2.5 3.0 3.8 2.6 1.8 1.9
Machinery and transport equipment 2.1 2.3 3.5 1.5 1.1 1.5
Other non-electric machinery 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3
Other electric machinery 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.3
Automotive products 1.7 1.7 2.3 0.9 0.7 0.8
7843 Other motor vehicle parts 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6
Other consumer goods 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other 0.2 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.3
Gold 0.2 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.3
Source: UNSTAT, Comtrade database (SITC, Rev.1).WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 132
Table AI.2
Imports (f.o.b.) by  product, 1996-2000
(Per cent)
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total (US$ million) 8,902.2 13,158.8 14,250.4 13,554.0 14,584.2 16,435.6
Total primary products 23.3 18.8 18.0 18.6 18.9 18.6
Agriculture 18.7 13.1 13.7 14.3 13.5 12.8
Food 15.6 10.9 12.2 12.7 11.7 11.5
0449 Maize (corn) 2.5 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.6
Agricultural raw materials 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.3
Mining 4.6 5.7 4.2 4.3 5.4 5.8
Ores and other minerals 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4
Non-ferrous metals 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2
Fuels 1.4 3.3 2.0 2.5 3.6 4.2
3341 Gasoline, light oil 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.4
Manufactures 76.6 81.1 82.0 81.3 81.0 81.3
Iron and steel 5.4 4.9 4.7 3.9 3.4 3.6
6791 Iron and steel tubes and pipes, etc. 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.0 1.2 1.3
Chemicals 15.2 12.9 11.6 12.1 14.1 14.4
5429 Medicines 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.6 2.0
Other semi-manufactures 7.4 7.2 7.6 8.8 8.7 8.2
Machinery and transport equipment 38.1 45.7 47.7 43.2 41.7 41.8
Power-generating machines 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.2 1.6
Other non-electric machinery 14.8 15.7 17.3 17.6 13.4 11.8
7431 Compressors, air pumps, etc. 1.2 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.1 0.8
Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5
Office machines and telecommunications equipment 6.6 7.4 7.8 8.4 8.2 7.3
7643 Radio and television transmitters, etc. 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.7 2.6 1.8
Other electric machinery 4.3 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.3 4.6
Automotive products 9.1 13.9 13.2 8.2 9.9 13.9
7812 Passenger transport vehicles 5.0 7.9 6.9 4.2 6.1 9.3
7821 Distribution vehicles 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.2 1.4 1.9
7843 Other motor vehicle parts 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3
Other transport equipment 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6
Textiles 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8
Clothing and accessories 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.5 2.7 2.6
Other consumer goods 6.6 6.8 7.1 8.9 8.4 8.8
Other 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Source: UNSTAT, Comtrade database (SITC, Rev.1).Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 133
Table AI.3
Exports (f.o.b.) by country, 1996-2001
(Per cent)
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total  (US$ million) 23,072.3 22,889.9 17,054.1 20,076.2 30,948.1 25,304.6
America 88.1 88.3 87.4 86.3 87.2 83.9
USA 60.5 57.0 51.5 56.0 59.6 56.4
Canada 1.3 2.3 2.2 2.9 1.5 1.9
Other America 26.3 29.1 33.8 27.5 26.2 25.6
Netherlands Antilles 5.5 4.8 6.1 7.1 5.6 6.1
Brazil 3.2 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.6 2.7
Dominican Republic 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.8 2.8 2.8
Colombia 5.4 5.9 8.4 3.9 2.8 2.9
Trinidad and Tobago 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.7
Peru 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.2
Costa Rica 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0
Mexico 0.7 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.4
Europe 8.6 6.5 8.8 5.9 6.1 7.9
EU (15) 8.4 6.1 8.3 5.6 5.7 7.4
Spain 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.7
EFTA 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2
Other Europe 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Asia 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.9 3.1
Other 2.3 3.7 2.4 6.4 4.7 5.1
Source :  UNSTAT, Comtrade database.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 134
Table AI.4
Imports (f.o.b.) by country, 1996-2001
(Per cent)
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total  (US$ million) 8,902.2 13,158.8 14,250.4 13,554.0 14,584.2 16,435.6
America 73.3 72.4 68.7 62.5 67.8 68.1
USA 45.0 45.5 43.5 38.5 37.8 33.9
Canada 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9
Other America 25.1 23.8 22.6 21.2 27.3 31.3
Colombia 7.7 6.6 5.6 5.4 7.4 8.7
Brazil 4.1 4.8 4.4 3.4 5.0 5.9
Mexico 4.0 4.0 4.3 3.7 4.3 4.7
Panama 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.9 2.3
Netherlands Antilles 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.2 2.2 2.2
Europe 19.1 18.4 20.9 27.0 20.4 18.6
EU (15) 17.9 17.2 19.4 25.8 19.1 17.0
Italy 3.7 3.6 3.9 11.2 4.4 3.3
Germany 4.5 4.1 4.8 4.5 3.6 3.5
Spain 2.1 1.9 2.2 3.2 2.5 2.7
United Kingdom 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.1
France 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.8
EFTA 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0
Eastern Europe 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.4
Former Soviet Union 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2
Other Europe 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asia 6.5 8.1 9.3 9.5 10.3 11.7
Middle East 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
East Asia 6.2 7.8 8.9 8.9 9.9 11.1
Japan 3.4 4.5 4.6 3.4 3.4 4.6
China 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.3 2.0
Korea, Republic of 0.7 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.1
South Asia 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3
Other 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3
Source : UNSTAT, Comtrade database.Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 135
Table AII.1
Status of notification requirements to the WTO, 1996-2002
Instrument imposing
obligationDescription of requirement Periodicity WTO document - date
Agreement on Agriculture
Article 5.7 and Article
18.2Special safeguard provisions Once for all products,
or the first time each
safeguard is usedG/AG/N/VEN/2 - 13.6.97
G/AG/N/VEN/7 - 14.10.97
G/AG/N/VEN/13 - 19.5.99G/AG/N/VEN/18 - 14.3.01
Article 10 and Article18.2Export subsidies Annual G/AG/N/VEN/21 - 22.6.01a
G/AG/N/VEN/21/Corr.1 - 5.12.01
Article 18.2 Tariff and other quota commitments Annual G/AG/N/VEN/22 - 22.2.02a
Article 18.2 Domestic support Annual G/AG/N/VEN/19 - 14.3.01a
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 (Anti-dumping Agreement)
Article 16.4 Anti-dumping actions taken Every six months G/ADP/N/78/VEN - 10.9.01a
G/ADP/N/78/VEN/Corr.1, - 18.10.01
Article 18.5 Laws and regulations Once by March 1995,
then changesG/ADP/N/1/VEN/1 - 6.4.95
G/ADP/N/1/VEN/1/Supl.1 - 13.9.95G/ADP/N/1/VEN/1/Supl.2 - 4.7.96
Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the GATT 1994
Article 22.2 Notification of changes in national
legislationOnce, and when
changesG/VAL/N/1/VEN/1 - 22.1.02
G/VAL/N/2 - 21.1.02
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures
Article 1.4(a) andArticle 8.2(b)Laws and regulations on import licensing Once, and when
changesG/LIC/N/2/VEN/1 - 07.3.00
G/LIC/N/2/VEN/2 - 27.2.01
G/LIC/N/2/VEN/3 - 12.3.02
G/LIC/N/2/VEN/4 - 15.4.02G/LIC/N/3/VEN/1 - 27.5.02
Article 7.3 Questionnaire; rules and information
concerning procedures for the submissionof applicationsAnnual for
questionnaire; once for
rules and information,
then changesG/LIC/Q/VEN/1 - 10.11.00
G/LIC/Q/VEN/2 - 19.6.01G/LIC/Q/VEN/3 - 22.5.02
Preshipment inspection
(Article 5)Laws and regulations that put the
Agreement into forceOnce, then only
changesNo notifications submitted.
Agreement on Preshipment Inspection
Article 5 Laws and regulations that put the
Agreement into forceOnce, then only
changesNo notifications submitted.
Quantitative Restrictions
WTO document G/L/59 Notifications of quantitative restrictions Biennial G/MA/NTM/QR/1/Add.1 – 1.6.96
Agreement on Rules of Origin
  Annex II, paragraph 4 Preferential and non-preferential rules of
originNon-preferential in
April 1995; preferential
as soon as entry into
forceG/RO/N/1 - 9.5.95
G/RO/N/1/Add. 1 - 22.6.95
G/RO/N/10 - 16.8.96
G/RO/N/12 - 1.10.96G/RO/N/14 - 2.12.96WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 136
Instrument imposing
obligationDescription of requirement Periodicity WTO document - date
Agreement on Safeguards
Article 12 Notification of laws, regulations and
administrative procedures relating to
safeguard measuresOnce by March 1995,
then only changes and
actions.G/SG/N/1/VEN/1 - 3.4.95
G/SG/N/1/VEN/1/Corr.1 - 28.4.95
G/SG/N/1/VEN/2 - 19.10.99
G/SG/N/2/VEN - 20.3.95G/SG/N/3/VEN - 23.3.95
G/SG/N/6/VEN/1 - 17.2.00
G/SG/N/6/VEN/2 - 10.3.00G/SG/N/6/VEN/3 - 27.3.00
G/SG/N/6/VEN/4 - 30.10.01
G/SG/N/6/VEN/5 - 20.11.01G/SG/N/8/VEN/1 - 2.4.01
G/SG/N/8/VEN/2 - 14.9.01
G/SG/N/9/VEN/1 - 6.6.00G/SG/N/9/VEN/2 - 21.7.00
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Annex B, paragraph 7 Transparency in sanitary and
phytosanitary regulationsAd hoc No notifications submitted
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
Article III.4 or Article
IV.2Enquiry points Once, and when
changesS/ENQ/34 - 17.12.96
S/ENQ/78 - 23.3.01
Article III.3 Notification of new laws and regulations
and changes theretoAnnual and when
changesS/C/N/44 - 29.4.97
S/C/N/45 - 29.4.97
S/C/N/46 - 29.4.97
S/C/N/47 - 29.4.97
Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994 (State Trading)
Paragraph 4(a) State trading enterprises; notification of
products traded by state enterprisesOnce, and when
changesG/STR/N/1/VEN - 13.8.96
G/STR/N/1/VEN/Supl.1 - 3.3.97
G/STR/N/2/VEN - 27.11.98G/STR/N/3/VEN - 27.11.98
G/STR/N/4/VEN - 17.2.99
G/STR/N/5/VEN - 18.7.00
G/STR/N/6/VEN - 18.7.00
G/STR/N/7/VEN - 6.12.01
Article XXVIII of the GATT
Paragraph 5 Venezuela reserved its right, under the
provisions of Art XXVIII.5 of the GATT,to modify its ScheduleAd hocG/MA/25 - 13.1.97
G/MA/103 - 28.1.00
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
Article 25.1 and ArticleXVI.1 of the GATT
1994Notification of subsidies Annual G/SCM/N/3/VEN - 7.7.95
G/SCM/N/3/VEN/Supl.1 - 20.11.96
Article 25.11 Countervailing duty actions taken Every six months when
measure is takenG/SCM/N/75/VEN - 27.9.01a
Article 25.12 Notification of competent authorities and
procedures governing the initiation andconduct of investigations on subsidiesOnce, and when
changesG/SCM/N/18/Add.1 – 5.8.96
G/SCM/N/18/Add.9 - 30.9.99
Article 32.6 Notification of changes in laws and
regulationsOnce by March 1995,
then only changesG/SCM/N/1/VEN/1 - 6.4.95
G/SCM/N/1/VEN/1/Supl.1 - 13.9.95G/SCM/N/1/VEN/1/Supl.2 - 4.7.96
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
Annex 3, paragraph C Acceptance of Code of Good Practice Once. G/TBT/CS/N/41 - 3.7.96Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 137
Instrument imposing
obligationDescription of requirement Periodicity WTO document - date
Articles 10.1 and 10.3 Notification of enquiry point Once, then only
changesProvisional registration - 16.7.97
G/TBT/ENQ/18 - 19.3.01G/TBT/ENQ/19 - 26.9.01
G/TBT/ENQ/20 - 13.3.02
Article 2.10 Technical regulations Once, and when
changes
Article 2.9 Technical regulations Ad hoc G/TBT/N/VEN/1 - 17.9.01
G/TBT/N/VEN/2 - 7.5.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/3 - 7.5.02G/TBT/N/VEN/4 - 7.5.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/5 - 7.5.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/6 - 7.5.02G/TBT/N/VEN/7 - 7.5.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/8 - 7.5.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/9 - 7.5.02G/TBT/N/VEN/10 - 7.5.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/11 - 7.5.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/12 - 8.5.02G/TBT/N/VEN/13 – 8.5.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/14 - 31.7.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/15 - 31.7.02G/TBT/N/VEN/16 - 16.8.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/17, - 16.8.02
G/TBT/N/VEN/18 - 16.8.02
Various Articles Technical regulations Ad hoc No notifications submitted
Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures
Article 6.2 Notifications under Article 6.2 of the
TRIMs Agreement of publications in
which TRIMs may be foundOnce, and when
changesG/TRIMS/N/1/VEN1 - 12.4.95
G/TRIMS/N/2 - 24.2.97
G/TRIMS/N/2/Rev.1-9 - 28.9.01 (Rev.9)
Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
Article 2.7 Notification of first integration under
Articles 2.6 and 2.7 of the Agreement on
Textiles and ClothingAd hoc G/TMB/N/54 - 28.4.95
Article 2.11 Notification of programmes of integration
under Articles 2.8 and 2.11Once G/TMB/N/431 - 6.3.02
G/TMB/N/431/Add. 1 - 24.7.02
G/TMB/N/54 - 28.4.95G/TMB/N/233/Rev.1 - 30.4.97
Article 3.1 Continued ban on imports Once and when changes G/TMB/N/85 - 24.5.95
G/TMB/N/85/Add.1 - 18.12.95
Article 6 Right to apply a safeguard mechanism Once G/TMB/N/29 - 6.3.95
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Article 4(d) Notification of international agreements
related to the protection of intellectual
property and under which exemptions toMFN treatment are allowed under Article
4(d) of the TRIPS AgreementOnce and when changes IP/N/4/VEN/1 - 8.5.96
IP/N/4/VEN/2 - 19.8.97
Article 63.2 Laws and regulations Once, then only
changesIP/N/1/VEN/1 - 2.2.01
IP/N/1/VEN/C/1 - 6.2.01
IP/N/1/VEN/C/2 - 3.11.00
IP/N/1/VEN/C/3 - 3.11.00
IP/N/1/VEN/C/4 - 3.11.00
IP/N/1/VEN/P/1 - 3.11.00IP/N/1/VEN/P/2 - 3.11.00
Checklist of issues of enforcement Once IP/N/6/VEN/1 - 9.4.01
a Regular notifications. Only includes most recent notification.
Source: WTO Secretariat.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 138
Table AII. 2
Terms of participation of Venezuela in regional agreements in 2002
Signatories/Agreement (date signed) Treatment of imports by
VenezuelaTreatment of Venezuelan
exportsCoverage
A.  LAIA
a) Regional Scope Agreements
Regional Tariff Preference Agreement
(Acuerdo de  Preferencia Arancelaria
Regional , PAR) and its three protocols
(27.04.84)Origin-based tariff cuts of  34 per
cent (Bolivia, Ecuador and
Paraguay), 20 per cent (Chile and
Uruguay) and 12 per cent
(Argentina, Brazil and Mexico)Destination-based tariff cuts
of 12 per cent (Bolivia,
Ecuador and Paraguay), 20
per cent (Chile, Colombia,Peru and Uruguay) and 28
per cent (Argentina, Brazil
and Mexico)960 seven-digit NALADI items
are excluded
Regional Market-Opening AgreementsNos.1, 2 and 3 (30.04.83)Duty-free treatment (imports from
Bolivia, Ecuador and Paraguay)Unilateral agreements. No
preference for Venezuelan
exportsCertain items
b) Partial Scope Agreements
Argentina:  Economic Complementarity
Agreement ( Acuerdo de
Complementación Económica ) No. 48
(Venezuela with Colombia, Ecuador
and Peru) (29.6.00); Second AdditionalProtocol ( Segundo Protocolo
Adicional ) (30.12.01)Tariff cuts of between 30 and 100
per centTariff cuts of between 20 and
100 per cent990 (import) and 1,524 (export)
eight-digit NALADIagricultural and industrial
items.  The Agreement covers
dispute settlement, Customsvaluation, sanitary and
phytosanitary measures, non-
tariff restrictions, safeguards,rules of origin, technical
barriers to trade, anti-dumping
and countervailing measures
Brazil: Partial Scope EconomicComplementarity Agreement ( Acuerdo
de Alcance Parcial de
Complementación Económica ) No. 39
(12.06.99)Tariff cuts of between 10 and 100
per centTariff cuts of between 10 and
100 per cent1,380 (imports) and 1,640
(exports) eight-digit NALADI
agricultural and industrial items
Cuba: Partial Scope Agreement(Acuerdo de Alcance Parcial ) No. 40,
First Amending Protocol ( Primer
Protocolo Modificatorio ) (27.08.99)Tariff cuts of between 50 and 100
per centTariff cuts of between 20 and
100 per cent497 (imports) and 301 (exports)
eight-digit NANDINAagricultural and industrial items
Chile: Economic Complementarity
Agreement ( Acuerdo de
Complementación Económica ) No. 23
(02.04.93)Tariff cuts initiated in July 1993.
Full duty-free treatment achievedin 1999, except for 222 eight- or
ten-digit NANDINA itemsSame as for imports Entire Customs tariff
Paraguay: Partial Scope Agreement No.
21 (30.04.83); 13th Additional Protocol
(15.08.03)Tariff cuts of between 10 and 100
per centTariff preferences of between
30 and 100 per cent240 (imports) and 192 (exports)
eight-digit NALADI
agricultural and industrial items
Uruguay: Partial Scope Agreement No.25 (31.12.81); 18
th Additional Protocol
(31.12.01)Tariff cuts of between 13 and 85
per centTariff cuts of between 33 and
100 per cent35 (imports) and 57 (exports-)
eight-digit NALADI
agricultural and industrial items
B.  Andean Group
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador (26.05.69) Since 1992:  i) Common External
Tariff (CET) for imports from
third countries; ii) duty-freetreatment for imports from other
membersDuty-free treatment. Entire Customs tariff. A total of
231 items are exempt from the
CET and/or enjoy duty-free
treatment.
Peru: Trade Agreement ( Acuerdo
Comercial ) (26.11.92 -)Duty-free treatment Same as for imports 188 (imports) and 177 (exports)
eight-digit NANDINA
agricultural and industrial itemsVenezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 139
Signatories/Agreement (date signed) Treatment of imports by
VenezuelaTreatment of Venezuelan
exportsCoverage
C.  Group of Three
Colombia, Mexico:  Free-Trade
Agreement ( Tratado de Libre
Comercio ) (13.06.94)Tariff reduction plan initiated in
1995; duty-free treatment by July
2004.  Reductions for some
sensitive products (sugar, cereals)will be fully implemented by
2009.Same as for imports Entire Customs tariff, with
exceptions (automotive
products, textiles and clothing,
sugar and cereals)
D. Central America
Colombia and Central Americancountries: Trade and InvestmentAgreement ( Acuerdo sobre Comercio e
Inversiones ) (10.02.93 – indefinite
duration)
Costa Rica: a) Partial Scope Agreement(21.09.85-88); b) First Amending
Protocol ( Primer Protocolo
Modificatorio ) (20.09.92)a) Tariff preferences ranging from
50 to 100 per cent; b) duty-free
treatmentNo preferences granted a) 16 eight-digit NANDINA
items; b) 311 eight-digit
NANDINA (agricultural and
industrial) items
El Salvador:  First Amending Protocolof Partial Scope Agreement ( Primer
Protocolo Modificatorio del Acuerdo de
Alcance Parcial ) (13.01.91)Tariff preferences ranging from
20 to 100 per centNo preferences granted 57 eight-digit NANDINA
items.
Guatemala: a) Partial Scope Agreement
(29.1.85-88); b) First Amending
Protocol (20.09.92); c) Second
Amending Protocol (29.01.93)a) Tariff preferences ranging from
50 to 100 per cent; b) and c) duty-
free treatmentNo preferences granted a) 16 eight-digit NANDINA
items; b) 311 eight- or ten-digit
NANDINA (agricultural and
industrial) items; c) one eight-
digit NANDINA item.
Honduras:  a) Partial Scope Agreement(20.02.86-89); b) First Amending
Protocol (20.02.92)a) Tariff preferences ranging from
50 to 100 per cent; b) duty-free
treatmentNo preferences granted a) 20 eight-digit NANDINA
items; b) 311 eight- or ten-digit
NANDINA (agricultural and
industrial) items
Nicaragua: a) Partial Scope Agreement(15.8.85-88); b) First Amending
Protocol (20.02.92)a) Tariff preferences ranging from
50 to 100 per cent; b) duty-free
treatmentNo preferences granted a) 20 eight-digit NANDINA
items; b) 311 eight- or ten-digit
NANDINA (agricultural and
industrial) items
E.  CARICOM
Trade and Investment Agreement(13/10/92 - indefinite duration)i) Duty-free treatment for
157 items (22 per cent of imports
from CARICOM); ii) Tariffpreferences initiated in
January 1993 for 947 items (67
per cent of imports from
CARICOM)No preferences granted at
present89 per cent of total imports
from CARICOM
Guyana:  Partial Scope Agreement(27.10.90)Tariff cuts of between 20 and 100
per cent on m.f.n. ratesNo preferences granted 61 eight-digit NANDINA
(agricultural and industrial)
items
Trinidad and Tobago: Partial Scope
Agreement (04.08.89)Tariff cuts of 25 per cent on
m.f.n. ratesSame as for imports 21 (imports) and 18 (exports)
eight-digit NANDINA
(agricultural and industrial)
items
Source: Government of Venezuela, LAIA.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 140
Table AIII.1
Preferential tariff by trading partner and HS chapter
HS Chapter/Description No. MFN Peru Chile Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Cuba CARICOM
of lines Average tariff (per cent)
Total 6,692 12.9 0.1 0.4 10.4 10.3 8.5 10.0 9.9 9.3
 01 Live animals 25 8.2 0.0 0.0 6.4 6.4 5.5 6.6 4.8 7.8
 02 Meat and edible meat offal 55 37.4 0.0 0.0 18.9 18.6 14.7 18.5 18.4 20.0
 03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other
aquatic invertebrates99 18.8 0.4 0.0 16.1 16.2 12.4 15.0 15.0 8.4
 04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural
honey;  edible products of animal origin,
not elsewhere specified or included43 20.5 5.1 11.2 18.6 18.5 17.1 17.2 17.6 19.0
 05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere
specified or included26 8.7 0.0 0.0 7.4 7.4 5.6 6.9 6.7 8.7
 06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots
and the like;  cut flowers and ornamental
foliage15 7.7 0.0 0.0 6.7 6.5 5.1 6.1 5.9 0.7
 07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and
tubers70 13.4 0.0 0.0 11.1 11.5 9.2 11.7 11.8 11.1
 08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel of citrus fruit
or melons72 15.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 12.6 10.0 12.3 12.2 9.0
 09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 33 12.9 0.0 0.0 10.8 10.7 9.0 10.9 10.9 7.1
 10 Cereals 29 28.0 1.6 2.8 11.4 11.4 9.5 11.7 11.7 12.4
 11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;
starches;  insulin;  wheat gluten35 23.7 0.5 0.6 16.9 17.2 14.2 16.3 16.7 18.6
 12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;
miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit;
industrial or medicinal plants;  straw and
fodder68 12.6 0.0 0.5 7.8 7.8 6.7 7.8 7.8 8.6
 13 Lac;  gums, resins and other vegetable
saps and extracts14 10.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 7.6 7.7 8.6 8.5 10.0
 14 Vegetable plaiting materials;  vegetable
products not elsewhere specified or
included12 10.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 8.7 6.5 8.2 8.2 10.0
 15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and
their cleavage products;  prepared edible
fats;  animal or vegetable waxes62 57.5 1.4 7.8 14.4 14.0 10.3 15.4 15.7 16.0
 16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of
crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic
invertebrates27 30.7 0.0 0.0 16.9 16.6 12.7 16.0 16.0 17.0
 17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 28 34.7 2.4 10.5 17.3 16.8 16.5 17.3 17.3 14.5
 18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 12 16.7 0.0 0.0 14.6 14.9 12.1 14.0 13.5 9.2
 19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or
milk;  pastrycooks' products19 20.1 0.0 0.0 18.7 18.6 16.9 17.4 18.1 12.4
 20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or
other parts of plants63 19.8 0.0 0.0 15.9 16.3 12.6 17.1 16.7 18.3
 21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 27 17.0 0.0 0.7 15.2 14.9 13.3 15.1 15.1 11.5
 22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 31 19.2 0.0 0.0 15.7 16.4 13.2 15.8 14.8 17.3
 23 Residues and waste from the food
industries;  prepared animal fodder30 32.1 0.0 0.0 13.4 13.2 11.7 13.3 13.3 15.0
 24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco
substitutes12 16.7 2.0 11.7 16.7 15.9 12.7 16.7 13.5 15.0
 25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;
plastering materials, lime and cement81 5.2 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.2 3.5 4.2 4.1 5.2
 26 Ores, slag and ash 35 5.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 4.2 3.3 4.0 3.9 5.0Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 141
HS Chapter/Description No. MFN Peru Chile Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Cuba CARICOM
of lines Average tariff (per cent)
 27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products
of their distillation;  bituminous
substances;  mineral waxes75 7.5 0.8 1.9 5.0 5.3 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.3
 28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or
inorganic compounds of precious metals,of rare-earth metals, of radioactive
elements or of isotopes255 7.0 0.0 0.1 5.8 5.8 4.6 5.6 5.6 7.0
 29 Organic chemicals 593 5.8 0.0 0.1 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.7 4.7 5.8
 30 Pharmaceutical products 64 8.3 0.0 0.0 6.9 6.9 5.3 6.6 3.2 8.2
 31 Fertilisers 29 5.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 4.2 3.3 4.0 4.0 5.0
 32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and
their derivatives;  dyes, pigments andother colouring matter;  paints and
varnishes;  putty and other mastics;  inks68 9.6 0.0 0.5 7.9 7.5 6.3 7.7 7.7 9.6
 33 Essential oils and resinoids;  perfumery,
cosmetic or toilet preparations41 13.3 0.0 0.0 11.1 11.0 8.1 10.6 9.5 6.6
 34 Soap, organic surface-active agents,
washing preparations, lubricating
preparations, artificial waxes, prepared
waxes, polishing or scouringpreparations, candles and similar articles,
modelling pastes, ‘dental waxes’ anddental preparations with a basis of plaster33 15.2 0.0 0.7 13.1 12.9 9.7 12.1 12.1 12.1
 35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified
starches;  glues;  enzymes28 12.6 1.0 1.3 7.9 7.6 6.4 7.6 7.3 8.9
 36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;
matches;  pyrophoric alloys;  certain
combustible preparations17 11.2 0.0 1.2 9.7 9.8 7.8 9.2 9.2 11.2
 37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 38 5.8 0.0 0.0 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.6 4.6 5.8
 38 Miscellaneous chemical products 113 10.6 0.2 0.9 7.1 7.0 5.6 6.8 6.6 8.4
 39 Plastics and articles thereof 160 14.6 0.5 0.9 12.9 12.7 9.7 11.9 11.9 14.6
 40 Rubber and articles thereof 111 10.9 0.0 0.0 9.5 9.3 8.0 9.2 9.2 10.9
 41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins)
and leather34 7.5 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.6 4.9 5.9 6.0 5.4
 42 Articles of leather; saddlery and harness;
travel goods, handbags and similarcontainers; articles of animal gut (other
than silk-worm gut)28 18.8 0.0 0.0 15.6 15.1 10.8 14.1 14.6 17.3
 43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures
thereof18 9.2 0.3 0.0 8.1 8.1 6.1 7.3 7.3 9.2
 44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood
charcoal81 12.4 0.1 3.6 11.7 11.7 8.9 11.5 11.4 0.0
 45 Cork and articles of cork 10 8.5 0.0 0.0 7.6 7.6 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.5
 46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of
other plaiting materials;  basketware and
wickerwork6 19.2 0.0 0.0 16.9 16.9 12.7 15.3 15.3 12.5
 47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous
cellulosic material;  recovered (waste and
scrap) paper or paperboard20 6.3 0.0 0.0 4.9 5.0 4.1 5.0 5.0 6.0
 48 Paper and paperboard;  articles of paper
pulp, of paper or of paperboard153 14.4 0.0 0.0 12.5 12.4 9.5 11.5 11.5 0.0
 49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and
other products of the printing industry;
manuscripts, typescripts and plans23 10.4 0.0 0.0 9.0 8.8 6.9 8.3 8.1 10.4
 50 Silk 10 13.0 0.0 0.0 11.4 11.4 8.6 10.4 10.4 13.0WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 142
HS Chapter/Description No. MFN Peru Chile Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Cuba CARICOM
of lines Average tariff (per cent)
 51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair;
horsehair yarn and woven fabric69 16.5 0.0 0.0 14.3 14.2 11.9 13.8 13.8 16.5
 52 Cotton 133 17.7 0.0 0.0 16.1 16.1 13.2 15.1 15.1 17.7
 53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn
and woven fabrics of paper yarn36 13.1 0.0 0.0 11.5 11.5 8.6 10.4 10.4 13.1
 54 Man-made filaments 71 16.8 0.0 0.0 14.7 13.9 11.1 13.4 13.4 16.8
 55 Man-made staple fibres 117 17.7 0.0 0.1 16.5 16.4 14.3 15.7 15.7 17.7
 56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special
yarns;  twine, cordage, ropes and cables
and articles thereof38 15.0 0.0 0.0 13.6 13.6 10.9 12.6 12.5 14.6
 57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 23 20.0 0.0 0.0 17.6 17.6 13.2 16.0 16.0 0.0
 58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile
fabrics;  lace;  tapestries;  trimmings;
embroidery41 19.6 0.0 0.0 17.3 17.3 13.0 15.6 15.7 19.6
 59 Impregnated, coated, covered or
laminated textile fabrics;  textile articles
of a kind suitable for industrial use31 15.5 0.0 0.0 13.4 13.3 10.2 12.4 12.4 14.8
 60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 18 20.0 0.0 0.0 17.6 16.6 13.2 16.0 16.0 20.0
 61 Articles of apparel and clothing
accessories, knitted or crocheted122 20.0 0.0 0.0 19.7 19.7 19.1 19.4 19.4 0.0
 62 Articles of apparel and clothing
accessories, not knitted or crocheted119 20.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 20.0 19.3 20.0 20.0 0.0
 63 Other made-up textile articles;  sets;
worn clothing and worn textile articles;
rags69 20.0 0.3 0.0 18.9 18.9 16.7 18.0 18.1 0.0
 64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of
such articles30 19.2 0.0 0.0 16.9 16.9 12.7 15.3 15.3 0.0
 65 Headgear and parts thereof 12 18.3 0.0 0.0 15.4 15.5 11.8 14.5 14.7 0.0
 66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-
sticks, seat-sticks, whips, riding crops
and parts thereof7 17.9 0.0 0.0 15.7 15.7 11.8 14.3 14.3 17.9
 67 Prepared feathers and down and articles
made of feathers or of down;  artificial
flowers;  articles of human hair8 18.8 0.0 0.0 16.5 16.5 12.4 15.0 15.0 18.8
 68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement,
asbestos, mica or similar materials53 14.6 0.0 0.0 12.7 12.6 9.8 11.8 11.8 14.6
 69 Ceramic products 33 14.8 0.8 1.9 13.2 12.7 10.7 12.2 12.4 12.3
 70 Glass and glassware 75 13.5 0.0 2.3 10.8 10.8 9.6 11.2 10.9 13.5
 71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or
semi-precious stones, precious metals,
metals clad with precious metal, andarticles thereof;  imitation jewellery;
coins56 12.4 0.0 0.0 10.7 10.8 7.8 9.8 9.9 11.7
 72 Iron and steel 190 7.5 0.0 0.0 6.5 6.6 5.0 6.0 5.9 4.3
 73 Articles of iron or steel 129 14.9 0.0 0.0 13.1 12.9 9.9 12.0 11.9 12.1
 74 Copper and articles thereof 61 11.2 0.0 0.0 9.6 9.5 7.4 9.0 9.0 10.3
 75 Nickel and articles thereof 18 5.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.4 3.3 4.0 4.0 5.0
 76 Aluminium and articles thereof 48 12.6 0.4 0.0 10.0 10.4 8.3 10.1 10.1 12.2
 78 Lead and articles thereof 11 9.1 0.0 0.0 7.4 7.6 6.0 7.3 7.3 9.1
 79 Zinc and articles thereof 11 6.4 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 4.2 5.1 5.1 6.4
 80 Tin and articles thereof 9 8.3 0.0 0.0 7.3 7.3 5.5 6.7 6.7 8.3
 81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles
thereof57 5.1 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.4 3.4 4.1 4.1 5.1Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 143
HS Chapter/Description No. MFN Peru Chile Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Cuba CARICOM
of lines Average tariff (per cent)
 82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and
forks, of base metal;  parts thereof of
base metal92 13.9 0.1 0.0 11.2 11.2 9.1 11.1 11.1 13.9
 83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 40 15.6 0.0 0.0 13.9 13.6 10.7 12.7 11.9 14.5
 84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and
mechanical appliances;  parts thereof719 9.3 0.0 0.0 7.8 7.6 6.4 7.6 7.4 7.6
 85 Electrical machinery and equipment and
parts thereof;  sound recorders and
reproducers, television image and sound
recorders and reproducers, and parts and
accessories of such articles434 11.8 0.0 0.0 10.1 9.6 8.0 9.6 9.3 9.4
 86 Railway or tramway locomotives,
rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway
or tramway track fixtures and fittings andparts thereof; mechanical (including
electromechanical) traffic signalling
equipment of all kinds25 8.8 0.0 0.0 7.7 7.6 5.8 7.0 6.8 8.8
 87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway
rolling-stock, and parts and accessories
thereof118 16.4 0.1 0.5 15.1 15.3 14.7 15.4 15.1 16.3
 88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 17 5.6 0.0 0.0 4.8 4.8 3.7 4.5 4.5 4.4
 89 Ships, boats and floating structures 25 7.8 0.0 0.0 6.9 6.9 5.1 6.2 6.0 7.8
 90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic,
measuring, checking, precision, medical
or surgical instruments and apparatus;
parts and accessories thereof228 7.3 0.0 0.0 6.0 5.7 4.9 5.9 5.3 7.3
 91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 59 8.6 0.0 0.0 7.5 7.4 5.6 6.8 6.8 8.6
 92 Musical instruments;  parts and
accessories of such articles23 5.9 0.0 0.0 5.2 5.1 3.7 4.7 4.4 5.4
 93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and
accessories thereof25 17.0 0.0 0.0 14.7 14.7 11.2 13.6 13.6 17.0
 94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress
supports, cushions and similar stuffedfurnishings;  lamps and lighting fittings,
not elsewhere specified or included;
illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like; prefabricated
buildings47 18.1 0.0 0.0 15.7 15.6 11.2 14.7 14.2 13.9
 95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts
and accessories thereof49 18.6 0.0 0.4 16.4 8.5 11.7 14.8 14.2 16.9
 96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 57 17.1 0.0 0.0 14.8 14.7 11.2 13.7 13.7 16.1
 97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and
antiques8 10.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 8.8 6.6 8.0 7.3 10.0
Source: Venezuelan Integrated Tariff.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 144
Table AIII.2
Imports of products to which Venezuela has the right to apply tariff quotas
Quota Bound tariff aImports Product description/Tariff item number
Initial
(MT)Final
(MT)In-
quotaOut-of-
quota1995
(MT)1996
(MT)1997
(MT)1998 Coverageb
Meat of swine c 0203 877 877 40 53 281 199 1,242 2.138 110.0
Edible offal 0206 3,937 3,937 40 1,617 1,118 1,248 3,055 44.7
Meat of poultry not cut in pieces c 0207 3,426 3,426 40 150 268 0 201 113 4.2
Meat and meat offal c 0210 9,154 9,154 40 90 0.02 9 125 288 1.2
Milk and cream, not concentrated c 0401 11,005 18,342 40 130 908 1,111 1,293 2,927 6.9
Milk in powder, not exceeding 1.5% fat c87 145 40 111 1,014 69 4,509 4,195 1,687.4
Whole milk 26%c 0402.21 73,822 76,037 40 111 58,271 66,328 50,053 82,220 84.5
Whey c 0404 1,745 1,745 30 100 2,460 59 1,915 2,269 96.0
Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk 0405 2,015 2,015 30 78 601 111 784 1,128 32.6
Cheese c 0406 2,212 3,686 40 109 4,187 2,969 494 10,895 25.8
Seed wheat 1001.10.10 2 3 40 0 0 5,003 0 41,691
Containing 10% or more of damaged  grains c43,467 43,467 30 130 729,166 309,233 1,194.5
Other c 1001.10.9090 1,271,1 1,271,176 30 130 305,651 1,026 987,612 1,190,579 48.9
Barley c 1003 779 779 15 150 8 13,386 42 47 432.7
Seed maize 1005.10.00 376 626 40 2,356 666 1,016 2,699 269.0
Maize hybrids for delicacies 1005.90.0010 1,914 1,914 20 4,276 6,042 4,940 0 199.3
Yellow maize c 1005.90.0020 583,45 583,459 20 135 947,870 763,331 870,283 1,136,981 129.9
Other c 1005.90.0090 29,826 49,711 40 135 102,259 334 54 78,000 90.8
Rice c 1006 30,197 30,197 40 135 104,626 20,310 144 150.33 227.7
Sorghum c 1007 1,114,2 1,114,290 40 98 386 75,031 4 426 1.7
Millet 1008 719 719 40 4,434 204 5,001 40,067 1,728.3
Wheat flour c 1101 23,888 39,813 40 125 96 45 63 54,001 34.0
Cereal flours c 1102 17,816 29,694 40 135 3,044 285 578 3,534 6.3
Cereal groats and meal c 1103 1,818 3,030 40 130 149 40 244 3,428 31.9
Hulled grains 1104 3,083 3,083 40 12,079 10,450 441 13,561 307.2
Malt c 1107 203,52 203,526 20 143 146,169 185,415 186,465 259,800 95.4
Starches c 1108 25 25 40 135 3,543 2,840 4,998 4,032 15,413
Wheat gluten 1109 0 0 20 21 127:01 150 272 n.a.
Soya beans c 1201 168,96 168,963 40 135 230,827 145,331 207,862 149,644 108.6
Groundnuts c 1202 453 755 40 133 1,742 968 3,334 3,430 313.7
Linseed 1204 69 69 40 477 227 244 302 452.9
Rape or colza seeds c 1205 44 44 20 137 100 2 70 649 466.5
Sunflower seeds c 1206 622 622 40 137 1,425 460 1,155 1,422 179.3
Palm nuts and kernels c 1207 2,771 4,619 40 133 480 0 2 433 5.0
Lard c 1501 180 180 40 90 185 0 1 46 32.2
Animal fats c 1502 77,226 77,226 40 75 79,404 59,509 56,431 72,973 86.9
Lard stearin c 1503 19 19 40 85 2 47 0.06 0 257.9
Wool grease 1505 40 40 40 113 12 41 79,000 49,479
Other fats and oils c 1506 1 1 40 80 11 0 16 15,001 375,700
Soya bean oil c 1507 130,04 130,040 40 83 155,089 94,642 143,239 174,395 109.8
Groundnut oil c 1508 3 3 40 140 0 16 17 40 2,433.3
Olive oil 1509 778 778 40 1,360 634 2,032 1,918 191.0
Other oils 1510 55 55 40 2 0 0.40 169 77.7
Palm oil c 1511 134 224 40 97 8,096 10,199 8,739 4,923 3,566.6
Sunflowerseed or safflower oil c 1512 151,61 151,612 40 105 58,550 30,160 29,593 30,066 24.5
Coconut (copra) oil c 1513 322 536 40 31 2,905 0 61 97 142.9
Other vegetable fats and oils c 1515 1,795 1,795 40 90 5,942 28 7,292 9,213 313.0
Margarine c 1517 1,474 2,457 40 107 4,948 3,784 4,500 5,461 190.2Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 145
Quota Bound tariff aImports Product description/Tariff item number
Initial
(MT)Final
(MT)In-
quotaOut-of-
quota1995
(MT)1996
(MT)1997
(MT)1998 Coverageb
Animal and ve getable fats and oils c 1518 50 ,595 84 ,326 40 90 348 0 1 ,786 428 0.8
Stearic acid 1519 43 43 40 733 0 0 0 426.2
Cane sugar c 1701 132,01 132,013 40 117 413,226 239,976 294,027 330,267 241.9
Other sugars c 1702 1,062 1,062 40 11 2,343 5,045 4,149 2,011 318.9
Molasses c 1703 10,525 17,541 40 139 26,860 4 2 0 38.3
Pasta c 1902 7,585 12,641 40 129 889 4,108 2,198 3,325 20.8
Preparations for sauces 2103 111 111 40 2,280 2,432 4,195 8,582 3,939.0
Bran, sharps, etc. c 2302 818 1,363 40 132 1,112 12,280 1,771 8,462,82 433.3
Soya bean cake c 2304 696,88 696,880 40 108 485,782 408,310 371,675 524,448 64.2
Groundnut cake 2305 135 224 40 4 6,009 0 0 671.1
Oilcake of other oilseeds c 2306 12,853 21,421 40 133 4 11 4,970 9 23.3
Vegetable materials and other waste c 2308 37 37 40 135 23 4 342 152 352.0
Animal feed preparations c 2309 2,254 2,254 40 131 3,966 8,744 5,374 11,863 332.2
Dextrins and other starches c 3505 1,396 1,396 40 133 661 0 1,113 946 48.7
a Until 31.12.2004.
b Average per cent of imports for the period 1995-98 corresponding to the quotas to which Venezuela is entitled under the
Agreement on Agriculture. In practice, no quotas were administered until 1997 (yellow maize and sorghum) and 2000 (further 15
products).
c Products subject to variable duties.
Source: Directorate-General of Agricultural Marketing; Ministry of Production and Trade; Venezuelan Central Information and Statistics
Agency (OCEI); Yearbook of Foreign Trade and WTO Secretariat.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 146
Table AIII.3
Anti-dumping and countervailing duty actions, 1993-2001
Country Product Initiation Provisional measures Final measures
Anti-dumping duties
Argentina Oil pipelines 15.06.95 No duties applied. 12.12.95: No duties imposed
Korea Syringes, with or without needle 04.12.97 11.08.98: Provisional duty of 3.58
per cent23.04.99: No duties applied.
Chile Wine 22.04.99 No duties applied 30.10.00: No duties imposed
China Blue jeans 10.12.93 22.07.94: Provisional duty of US$
3.95/unit +100 per cent (men's) and
US $2.93/unit +100 per cent
(women's)09.03.95: Definitive duty of 297 per
cent (women's) and 369 per cent
(men's)
Padlocks 15.05.96 04.12.96: Provisional duty of 118.41
per cent28.08.97: Definitive duty of 116.83
per cent
Locks and bolts 15.05.96 04.12.96: Provisional duty of 49.82
per cent28.08.97: Definitive duty of 11.88 per
cent
Other footwear with outer soles
and uppers of rubber or plastics12.11.98 10.05.99: Provisional duty of 307.48
per cent24.04.00: Definitive duty of 316.50
per cent
Footwear with uppers of leather 12.11.98 10.05.99: Provisional duty of 88.06
per cent24.04.00: Definitive duty of 48.27 per
cent
Footwear with uppers of textilematerials12.11.98 10.05.99: Provisional duty of 139.36
per cent24.04.00: Definitive duty of 146.45
per cent
Other footwear 12.11.98 10.05.99: Provisional duty of 332.80
per cent24.04.00: Definitive duty of 358.82
per cent
United
StatesCrystal and high-impact
polystyrene07.05.93 19.07.93: Provisional duty of 25 per
cent09.03.94: Definitive duty of 9 per
cent
Self-copy paper 02.12.97 No duties applied 19.02.99: No duties applied.
Polyvinyl chloride (insuspension)03.02.99 07.10.99: Provisional duty of 11.7 per
cent07.04.00: Definitive duty of 11.7 per
cent
Polyvinyl chloride (in emulsion) 03.02.99 07.10.99: Provisional duty of 127.9
per cent07.04.00: Definitive duty of 127.9 per
cent
Italy Syringes, with or without needle 04.12.97 11.08.98: Provisional duty of 23.93
per cent23.04.99: Definitive duty of 8.60 per
cent
Japan Seamed steel tubes 23.04.99 06.12.99: Provisional duty of 86.6 per
cent19.06.00: Definitive duty of 86.6 per
cent
Seamless steel tubes 23.04.99 06.12.99: Provisional duty of 87 per
cent19.06.00: Definitive duty of 87 per
cent
Bars and rods of non-alloy steelor iron, forged, hot-rolled or hot-
drawn11.05.99 06.12.99: Provisional duty of 63.03
per cent18.05.00: Definitive duty of 63.03 per
cent
Kazakhstan Hot-rolled flat products of iron or
steel18.05.98 21.08.98: Provisional duty of 72.47
per cent07.05.99: Definitive duty of 57.65 per
cent
Cold-rolled flat products of ironor steel05.10.98 27.01.99: Provisional duty of 59.52
per cent12.08.99: Definitive duty of 58.47 per
cent
Mexico Grey Portland cement, Type 1 02.11.92 07.03.93: No duties imposed 02.03.94: No duties imposed
Oil pipelines 15.06.95 12.12.95: No duties imposed
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
polymer02.10.00 Provisional duty of 11.72 per cent,
9.01 per cent
Peru Iron or steel balls for mills 23.02.96 23.04.96: Dumping margin under de
minimis  (1.11 per cent). No duties
imposed
Poland Steel profiles, Type I 26.05.93 11.10.93: No duties imposed 2.07.94: No duties imposed
Romania Steel profiles, Type I 26.05.93 11.10.93: No duties imposed 2.07.94: No duties imposed
Seamless steel tubes for use in
the petroleum sector19.02.99 24.04.00: No measures applied.Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 147
Country Product Initiation Provisional measures Final measures
Hot-rolled flat products of iron or
steel12.03.01
Russian
FederationHot-rolled flat products of iron or
steel18.05.98 21.08.98: Provisional duty of 64.28
per cent07.05.99: Definitive duty of 45.03 per
cent
Cold-rolled flat products of iron
or steel05.10.98 27.01.99: Provisional duty of 44.48
per cent12.08.99: Definitive duty of 45.41 per
cent
Thailand Syringes, with or without needle 04.12.97 01.08.98: Provisional duty of 10.34
per cent23.04.99: Definitive duty of 24.70 per
cent
Ukraine Hot-rolled flat products of iron or
steel18.05.98 21.08.98: Provisional duty of 80.50
per cent07.05.99: Definitive duty of 62.92 per
cent
Cold-rolled flat products of iron
or steel05.10.98 27.01.99: Provisional duty of 52.90
per cent12.08.99: Definitive duty of 55.01 per
cent
Countervailing duties
Chile Wine 22.04.99 30.10.00: No duties imposed
European
UnionBlue-veined cheese 04.05.94 23.07.93: Provisional duty of 54 per
cent; 26.10.93: 38 per cent; 20.12.93:
33 per centReview 19.12.96: Countervailing
duty of US$ 0.95/kg.
Semi-hard cheese 04.05.94 23.07.93: Provisional duty of 54 per
cent; 26.10.93: 38 per cent; 20.12.93:
33 per centReview 19.12.96: Countervailing
duty of US$ 0.95/kg.
Gruyère-type cheese 04.05.94 23.07.93: Provisional duty of 54 per
cent; 26.10.93: 38 per cent; 20.12.93:
33 per centReview 19.12.96:  Countervailing
duty of US$ 0.50/kg.
Note: The dates in columns 4 and 5 refer to the dates on which provisional and final measures, respectively, were adopted or to the
dates on which decisions not to impose duties were taken.
Source: WTO Secretariat and Venezuelan Anti-Dumping and Subsidies Commission (CASS).WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 148
Table AIII.4
Main Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, 2001
Resolution No. / Responsible
body / Date of adoptionMeasure
Resolution No.559, 31/08/01 Phytosanitary measures to prevent the spread of the Pink hibiscus mealy bug.
60, 22/05/01 (MARNR) Ban on the import of fungus of the species Fusarium oxysporum .
DM/ 206, 26/04/01 (SASA) Ban on the import of bovine, ovine and caprine animals and buffaloes and on the products and by-
products thereof from Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, the United Kingdom and Switzerland.  Ban on the importfrom these countries of animal feedstuffs containing mammal protein. Establishes the requirement
for an international veterinary certificate (except for the Andean Community).
DM/274, 05/05/00 (SASA) Animal biologics and medicine and feedstuffs for animals are required to be registered with the
SASA.
DM/274, 05/05/00 (SASA) Labelling requirements for animal biologics and medicine, feedstuffs and cosmetics for animals.
DM/179, 8/03/00 (MPC) Restriction on the import of marine shrimps.  Health certificate.
No. 114, 22/02/00 (SASA) Abrogation of Resolution AG-379 on the ban on the import of all citrus plants.
0048, 9/11/99 (MSDS) Fluoride content requirements for domestic and imported dentifrices.  Labelling requirement.
571, 22/10/99 (MPC) Establishes an MPC register for importers of animal products and agricultural inputs. Register
abolished in 2000.
SG-001, 8/I0/99 (MSAS) Prior import authorization and certificate of free sale required for homeopathic drugs.
DM-0010, 21/09/99 (MSDS) Importers of instruments, appliances and devices for medical or dental use are required to be
entered in the MSDS National Health Register.
DM/428, 16/08/99 (SASA) Ban on the import from countries affected by certain pests of entire garlic plants and parts thereof,
including bulbs for seed or consumption.
Decree No. 3269, 29/I/99
(MARNR)Wildlife Protection Act Regulations.  Establishes the requirement for a prior import licence granted
by the Ministry of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (MARNR).
702, 29/12/98 (SASA) Import regulation for forage seed species. Minimum quality standards for imported seeds.
Importers must be registered with the National Seed Service.
DM-688, 14/12/98 (SASA) Restriction on the import of entire potato plants and parts thereof.
DM No. 654, 26/11/98 (SASA) Disinfection and packaging requirements for roasted coffee beans from countries affected by the
Coffee berry borer.
No. 631, 29/10/98 (SASA) Restriction on the import of entire onion plants and parts thereof.
No. 162, 3/I0/98 (MAC) Health certificate for and inspection of bivalve molluscs imported for human consumption.
226, 15/06/98 (MARNR) A prior import licence issued by the MARNR is required for ostriches.
111, 28/04/97 (MAC) Standards and requirements for the import and export of live swine and the semen, products and
by-products thereof.
074, 12/03/97 (MAC) Prior authorization from the SASA is required for the import of poultry and the products and by-
products thereof from countries affected by Avian influenza. Ban on the import and use of specific
biologics against Avian influenza.
081, 11/03/96 (MSAS) Domestic and imported food and beverages are required to be registered with the MSDS. Imports
require a certificate authorizing human consumption and a certificate of free sale issued by the
country of origin.
Decree No. 989 of 28/12/95 and
amendments thereto- A prior import licence issued by the MSDS and MAT is required for agrotoxins (NANDINA
2903, 2932 and 3824.90.9).
- Import of beverages:  registration requirement and health certificate.
- A prior import licence issued by the MSDS is required for certain medicines (0510.00.10,
2933.90.10, 2934.90, 2939, and 3002, 3003, 3004, 3006).
- Disinfectants (3808.40.10 and 3808.40.90): registration with the MSDS.- A health certificate issued by the country of origin and a sanitary permit are required for certain
products:  Chapters 02 and 03 (except 0301, 0306.23.11, 0306.23.91), 04 (except 04.07), 16, 19,20, 21, headings 0504, 1701, 1806 and 2501 and a group of sub-headings in Chapters 09, 15, 28
and 29.
- A health certificate issued by the country of origin is required for headings 1507, 1508, 1509,
1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1517, 1703 and certain sub-headings in 1516 and 1702.
196, 4/10/95 (MAC) A health certificate is required for the import of poultry and eggs.Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 149
Resolution No. / Responsible
body / Date of adoptionMeasure
1245, 25/08/95 (MSAS) Prior import authorization is required for natural products for therapeutic purposes. Labelling
requirements.
Joint Resolution No. 152 and 66,
10/06/92 (AC and MARNR)Registration, quarantine and health certificate requirements for certain aquatic species.
Decree No. 2223, 23/04/92. A prior import licence issued by the MARNR is required for exotic wild and aquatic species of
flora and fauna.
No. 122, 17/04/91 (MAC) A sanitary permit is required for the import of live animals.
No. 157, 30/05/90 (SASA) Ban on the import of the seeds, plants and parts of the plantain varieties plátanos , cambures  and
topochos .
No. 48, 23/03/90 (MARNR) A prior import licence issued by the National Autonomous Service for the Protection, Restoration,
Promotion and Rational Use of Terrestrial and Aquatic Fauna (PROFAUNA) of the MARNR is
required for wild animals and products thereof.
Joint Resolution No. 379 and122, 6/10/89 (MAC and
MARNR)A prior import licence issued by the MAT is required for aquatic species.
Resolution No. 869, 30/07/87
(MSAS)Analytical requirement as regards the tolerance levels for radionuclides in imported food.
No. 391, 20/11/84 (MAC) A health certificate and a prior import licence issued by the MAT are required for crustacea and
shrimps of the genus Penaeus  for cultivation and research purposes.
No. 432, 23/11/82 (MARNR) Ban on the import of capybaras and products thereof, except tanned skins and manufactured fur
products.
No. 467, 23/11/81 (SASA) Ban on the import of manioc (cassava) seeds, plants and parts thereof.
No. 459, 11/11/81 (SASA) A sanitary permit issued by the SASA and an official phytosanitary certificate issued by the
competent authority in the country of origin are required for the import of plants and the products
and by-products thereof.
No. 457, 10/11/81 (SASA) Import requirements for potato seeds.
No. 362, 26/11/80 (MAC) Ban on the import of queen bees from countries affected by Varroasis.  Prior authorization from the
MAT and an International Animal Health Certificate are required for the import of queen bees from
the United States.
No. 178, 24/04/80 (MAC) Ban on the import of swine and the by-products thereof from countries affected by African swine
fever.
No. 479, 13/12/79 (MAC) Health certificate for the import of animal semen.
No. 260, 28/07/78 (SASA) Ban on the import of cacao seeds, plants and parts thereof.
No. 378, 12/12/64 (SASA) Pre-import inspection for plants and the parts, products and residues thereof.
No. 429, 4/11/64 (MAC) A sanitary import permit issued by the MAT is required for meat and meat products; lard and fats;
organs, glands and secretions; unprocessed milk and the unprocessed products thereof; semen;
meat-meal, blood, bone, hooves, horns and tripe and offal; untanned skins; wool, horsehair,
bristles, hair, feathers, animal glue; and animal feedstuffs of animal origin. Establishes a health
certificate requirement and sanitary specifications for the import of these products.
No. 29, 10/02/60 (SASA) Rules for the import of live plants and live parts thereof for breeding, seeding or ornamental
purposes.
General Food Regulation of
9/01/59Registration requirement for domestic production and imports of food and beverages. Imports
require a health certificate and authorization for human consumption.
No.AG-89, 23/04/58 (SASA) Ban on the import of cotton seeds.
No. 2, 07/08/48 (SASA) Ban on the import of sugar cane.
Note: Ministry of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (MARNR), Ministry of Production and Trade (MPC),
Agricultural Health Agency (SASA), Ministry of Health and Social Development (MSDS), Ministry of Agriculture and
Livestock. (MAC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land (MAT)
Source: LAIA database, available at http://www.aladi.org/NSFALADI/SITIO.NSF/INICIO.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 150
Table AIII.5
Intellectual property rights enforcement regime in Venezuela
Civil and administrative procedures and remedies
Jurisdiction With regard to civil procedures and remedies, first instance civil courts have competence in copyright
cases, irrespective of the amount involved. Recourse may also be had to municipal courts in relationto preconstituted evidence and the application of precautionary measures. In industrial property cases,
first instance civil courts or municipal courts are competent, depending on the amount involved.
Administrative procedures are conducted by the Venezuelan Autonomous Intellectual Property
Service ( Servicio Autónomo de la Propiedad Intelectual - SAPI).
Persons with standing to assert
intellectual property rightsIn civil and criminal proceedings: the right holders or their heirs or representatives, through an
attorney. In an administrative procedure: the right holders or their heirs, licensees and/or any person
with a legitimate interest in the case.
Means of proof There is a range of options as regards evidential means in Venezuela; when control of evidence is in
the hands of the other party, judicial authorities may require a party to the proceedings to present or
hand over a document in its possession. In an administrative procedure, judicial authorities may order
a party to furnish evidence by means of the presentation of documents.
Identification and protection of
confidential informationAll records of civil proceedings are public unless the Court determines otherwise for reasons of
public morality. In an administrative procedure, subject to substantiation, some or all of the
documents in the file may be declared confidential.
Information on third parties Venezuela’s legal regime states that any person who has knowledge of the facts of the alleged
commission of a punishable offence is under an obligation to inform the judicial authorities, the only
exceptions being in relation to him or herself, his/her spouse and persons related within the seconddegree of affinity and fourth degree of consanguinity. An infringer who fails to report an offence
committed by a third party may be found guilty of abetting the said offence.
Compensation of defendants
who win a caseAs a general principle, in civil proceedings the Court will order the losing party to pay the court
costs, as well as damages when this has been requested.
Remedies that may be ordered
by the authoritiesCivil procedures:
Copyright: cessation of acts that constitute the infringement; destruction of the product or its
withdrawal from commercial channels; judicial inspections or expert studies; compensation for
damages; payment of court costs.
Industrial Property: cancellation of a patent or the registration of a trademark; transfer of the right
granted under a patent or design: ban on the import or export of the product; adjudication of theownership of the products; destruction of the product or its withdrawal from commercial channels or
closure of the defendant’s business; compensation for damages; payment of court costs.
Administrative procedures: measures such as the destruction of the goods or closure of the business
may not be ordered.
Criminal Procedures
Jurisdiction First instance criminal courts - the supervisory court ( tribunal de control ), the law court ( tribunal de
juicio ) and the enforcement court ( tribunal de ejecución ) - and courts of appeal.
Infringements for which
procedures are availableInfringements of industrial property rights and copyright.
Public authorities responsible
for initiating criminal
proceedingsPublic Prosecutor’s Office, ex officio  or at the request of the injured party.
Private persons with standing
to initiate criminal proceedingsIndustrial property: owners of rights, licensees and their attorneys.
Copyright: owners of exploitation rights (original owner, associated owner or owner by operation of the
law).
Penalties and other remedies
that may be imposedIndustrial property: (a) term of imprisonment ranging from one to 12 months for infringement of
patents, trademarks or designs or trademark alteration, and from 15 days to three months for violationof industrial secrets; (b) monetary fines in addition to the term of imprisonment; (c) for all
convictions, destruction of the elements used to commit the offence.
Copyright: (a) term of imprisonment ranging from one to four years for violation of copyright; (b)monetary fines; (c) seizure and destruction or withdrawal of the unlawful copies. As a general
principle, publication of the ruling and seizure of the revenue accruing to the owner of the right.
Provisional Measures
Prior to the action or lawsuit Judicial and administrative and even provisional measures may be requested prior to the initiatio n of
the lawsuit or action.
Process for adopting
provisional measuresVenezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 151
Civil and administrative procedures and remedies
Industrial property: the requesting party must accredit its lawful right to act, as well as existence of the
infringed right, and provide evidence allowing for presumption of infringement or that infringement isimminent. Action for infringement must be initiated within 10 days of the adoption of the provisional
measure.
Copyright: provisional measures may be ordered provided that proof constituting a seriouspresumption of the right claimed is furnished. Legal action must be initiated within 30 days of the
adoption of the measure. The defendant may in all cases request suspension of the measure against
establishment of a guarantee.
Remedies that may be ordered
by the authoritiesCopyright: sequestration of everything that constitutes infringement of the exploitation right and
seizure of the revenue accruing to the right holder.
Industrial property: immediate cessation of all acts constituting the infringement; withdrawal fromcommercial channels of all products resulting from the infringement; suspension of the importation or
exportation of the goods; temporary closure of the defendant’s business; establishment of a
guarantee; suspension of the registration of a patent or trademark.
Administrative measures: suspension of the infringing act.
Border Measures
Suspension of release Legal authority of Customs to prevent the clearance of goods which infringe intellectual property
rights, at the request of the right holder or any person with a legitimate interest.
Procedures for suspension of
releaseThe owner of a trademark must submit to the competent judicial authority (civil or criminal and
municipal court) a request for the suspension of Customs clearance (such a measure is of aprovisional nature), the order agreeing to which shall be given by Customs authorities; this request
shall include detailed information on the infringing goods. The plaintiff must initiate action for
infringement (main proceedings) within 10 days of suspension of release being ordered, otherwise the
agreed measure shall be lifted.
Ex officio  action May be enforced if requested by the Public Prosecutor’s Office.
Remedies that may be ordered
by the authoritiesCessation of acts that constitute the infringement; compensation for damages; withdrawal from
commercial channels; prohibition of import or export; adjudication of the ownership of the products;
destruction of the products; closure of the defendant’s business; publication of the ruling;sequestration of anything that constitutes infringement of the exploitation right; seizure of revenue;
immediate cessation of the activities; confiscation of the apparatus used for the commission of the
offence.
Source: WTO Secretariat, based on WTO document IP/N6/VEN/1 of 9 April 2001.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 152
Table AIII.6
Overview of the protection of intellectual property rights in Venezuela, 2001a
Subject Coverage Duration Limitations and exclusions
Copyright andrelated rightsOriginal intellectual works,
including: books, pamphlets andother literary, artistic and scientific
works and computer programs;
lectures; dramatic works; musicalcompositions; cinematographic and
other audiovisual works; all literary,
scientific and artistic productionlikely to be disclosed or published
by any means or process.
Related rights include moral rights
and the rights of performers and
broadcasting organisations.
Registration is not a condition of
protection.The lifetime of the author
and 60 years after his/herdeath for copyright, and 60
years for related rights.
Works of joint authorship: 60years as of 1 January of the
year following the death of
the last surviving author.
The right of exploitation of
an audiovisual work,
broadcast or computer
program lapses 60 years as of1 January of the year after its
first publication.The use of works without gainful intent or for
educational or research purposes shall not be
considered a violation.
Ideas, ideological content and the industrial or
commercial exploitation of literary, artistic
and scientific works are not protected.
Patents Any invention of a product or
procedure which is novel, involves
an inventive step and is capable of
industrial application.20 years from the filing dateThe following shall not be considered
inventions: a) discoveries, scientific  theories
and mathematical methods; b) any living thing,
either complete or partial, as found in nature,natural biological processes and biological
material as existing in nature or able to be
separated, including the genome or germplasmof any living thing; c) literary and artistic
works or any other aesthetic creation protected
by copyright; d) plans, rules and methods forthe pursuit of intellectual activities, playing of
games or economic and business activities;  e)
computer programs and software, as such; and,
f) methods for presenting information.
The following shall not be patentable: a)
inventions the commercial exploitation of
which must be prevented in order to protect
public order or morality or in order to protect
human or animal health or life or to conserveplants or the environment;  b) plants, animals
and essentially biological processes for the
production of plants or animals other than non-biological or microbiological processes; c)
therapeutic or surgical methods for the
treatment of humans or animals, as well asdiagnostic methods applied to human beings or
animals.
Compulsory licences may be granted if a
patent has not been exploited (production, use,
distribution, marketing or import) within threeyears of being granted, or within four years of
the application being filed. Compulsory
licences may also be granted for reasons ofpublic interest, an emergency, or national
security considerations.
IndustrialdesignsUpon registration, new designs (not
available to the public before the
filing date).10 years from the filing date. Industrial designs may not be registered if
their appearance is dictated entirely by
technical considerations, or if they onlyconsist of a shape the exact reproduction of
which is necessary to allow the product
embodying the design to be mechanicallyassembled or connected to another product of
which it constitutes an integral part or
component.Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 153
Subject Coverage Duration Limitations and exclusions
Utility models Any new form, configuration or
arrangement of elements of anyobject or any part thereof enabling
it to function better or differently
and which confers upon it a utilityor advantage that it did not
previously possess. Protection is
conferred by a utility model patent.10 years from the filing date. The following shall not be considered utility
models: three-dimensional works, works ofarchitecture or any other subject matter of
purely aesthetic character. Utility model
protection may not be granted to procedures
or materials
 excluded from patent protection.
Layout-designs(topographies)
of integrated
circuitsIntegrated circuit: a product, in final
or intermediate form, of which at
least one element is an activeelement and some or all of the
interconnections are an integral part
of the body or surface of a piece ofmaterial that is intended to be used
electronically.
Layout-design: the three-
dimensional arrangement of theelements, regardless of form, of
which at least one is an active
element, and their interconnectionin an integrated circuit, as well as
that three-dimensional arrangement
prepared for use in an integrated
circuit to be manufactured.10 years from the earliest of
the following dates: a) the
last day of the year in whichthe layout-design was first
commercially exploited
anywhere in the world, or, b)the filing date of an
application for registration
with the competent nationaloffice in the Member country
concerned. Protection of a
layout-design shall in anyevent lapse 15 years as of the
last day of the year in which
it was created.Layout-designs in commercial use for over
two years anywhere in the world may not be
registered. Rights may only be assertedagainst acts carried out for industrial or
commercial purposes.
Trademarks Upon registration, any sign serving
to distinguish products or services
in the market. Prior use is not a
condition for trademark registration.
Includes commercial names and
slogans and certification and
collective marks. Includesprotection against the use and
registration of well-knowndistinctive signs.10 years from the date of
registration, renewable
indefinitely for further ten-
year periods.
In general, trademark
registration is cancelled if not
used during three consecutive
years.Signs may not be registered as trademarks if
they reproduce, imitate or contain an
appellation of origin that is protected for thesame products or for different products or
when its use could create a risk of confusion
or of association with the appellation, or thatmight imply an unfair appropriation of its
reputation; which contain a protected
appellation of origin for wines or spirits; or
which consist of a national or foreign
geographical indication likely to lead toconfusion regarding the products or services
to which they apply, inter alia .
Geographical
indicationsProtects the name of a particular
country, region or locality.  A namerefers to a specific geographical
area which is used to identify a
product originating therein, thequality, reputation, or
characteristics of which are
exclusively or essentiallyattributable to the geographical
environment in which it is
produced.  The Venezuelan State isthe owner of Venezuelan
appellations of origin and may
authorize their use.As long as the initial
conditions for protectionprevail. Authorization for use
an appellation of origin: 10
years, renewable.The following may not be declared
appellations of origin: common or genericterms that distinguish the product concerned
or are liable to mislead the public as to the
geographical origin, nature, manufacturingprocess or quality, reputation or other
characteristics of the respective products.
UndisclosedinformationInformation that is applicable to
industry or trade and which confers
a competitive advantage. The test
data submitted to governmentauthorities to obtain marketing
approval for agricultural chemicals
and pharmaceutical products areprotected against unfair commercial
use.Indefinitely, for as long as
the initial conditions for
protection prevail.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 154
Subject Coverage Duration Limitations and exclusions
New plant
varietiesProtection by way of breeders'
certificates shall be granted topersons who have created plant
varieties, insofar as the varieties are
new, uniform, distinct and stable,and if they have been given a
denomination that constitutes their
generic designation.20 to 25 years for vines and
forest and fruit trees,including rootstocks, and 15
to 20 years for other species.Plant breeders' rights do not confer on the
holder the right to prevent third parties fromusing the protected variety, when such use is
made: privately for non-commercial purposes,
for experimental purposes or to obtain andexploit a new variety, unless it is essentially
derived from the protected variety.
Source : WTO Secretariat, on the basis of notifications by VenezuelaVenezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 155
Table AIV.1
Manufacturing sector:   tariff protection and trade
(four-digit ISIC, per cent and US$ million)
Tariff aTrade bISIC Code Description No. of
lines Average Range Imports Exports
1110 Agricultural and livestock production 282 11,0 5-20 578.0 71.3
1210 Forestry 23 9,1 5-15 8.5 1.9
1220 Logging 8 5,0 5 0.1 0.2
1301 Ocean and coastal fishing 45 16,7 5-20 5.2 2.8
1302 Fishing not elsewhere classified 13 16,5 5-20 0.9 0.6
2100 Coal mining 4 5,0 5 6.4 154.5
2200 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 3 6,7 5-10 115.7 18,238.1
2301 Iron ore mining 2 5,0 5 0.0 101.6
2302 Non-ferrous metal ore mining 22 5,0 5 10.8 4.5
2901 Stone quarrying, clay and sand pits 38 5,0 5 28.2 4.0
2902 Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining 12 5,0 5 15.3 0.6
2903 Salt mining 4 5,0 5 3.8 0.2
2909 Mining and quarrying not elsewhere classified 29 6,7 5-15 9.0 2.5
3111 Slaughtering, preparing and preserving meat 86 17,6 5-20 14.5 17.1
3112 Manufacture of dairy products 36 19,2 5-20 175.7 1.8
3113 Canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables 122 16,9 5-20 140.1 43.8
3114 Canning, preserving and processing of fish, crustacea and similar foods 66 19,3 5-20 33.7 150.5
3115 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 66 16,9 5-20 319.3 21.7
3116 Grain mill products 39 19,4 15-20 20.2 35.2
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 9 20,0 20 19.2 19.0
3118 Sugar factories and refineries 9 18,3 15-20 43.1 2.3
3119 Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery 15 18,3 10-20 59.2 6.4
3121 Manufacture of food products not elsewhere classified 68 16,5 5-20 91.6 16.8
3122 Manufacture of prepared animal feeds 14 12,1 5-25 24.5 14.8
3131 Distilling, rectifying and blending spirits 17 19,1 15-20 139.0 20.7
3132 Wine industries 9 18,3 15-20 27.5 0.3
3133 Malt liquors and malt 3 16,7 15-20 59.0 9.0
3134 Soft drink and carbonated water industries 4 20,0 20 3.5 6.6
3140 Tobacco manufacture 7 20,0 20 1.7 41.4
3211 Spinning, weaving and finishing textiles 451 17,4 5-20 147.7 14.1
3212 Manufacture of made-up textile goods except wearing apparel 75 19,8 5-20 54.8 2.3
3213 Knitting mills 140 20,0 20 193.5 3.5
3214 Manufacture of carpets and rugs 23 20,0 20 9.1 0.4
3215 Cordage, rope and twine industries 15 15,0 15 5.8 0.6
3219 Manufacture of textiles not elsewhere classified 50 15,5 5-20 53.4 10.1
3220 Manufacture of wearing apparel except footwear 136 19,9 15-20 212.3 2.3
3231 Tanneries and leather finishing 22 8,9 5-15 14.3 16.3
3232 Fur dressing and dying industries 9 13,3 10-20 0.7 0.0
3233 Manufacture of products of leather and leather substitutes and fur, except
footwear and wearing apparel23 18,5 15-20 34.4 1.3
3240 Manufacture of footwear, except vulcanised or moulded rubber or plastic
footwear18 18,6 15-20 67.2 2.1
3311 Sawmills, planing and other wood mills 48 12,2 5-15 37.7 0.7
3312 Manufacture of wooden and cane containers and small cane ware 8 18,1 15-20 2.8 1.7
3319 Manufacture of wood and cork products not elsewhere classified 24 12,9 5-20 8.6 0.2
3320 Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, except primarily of metal 26 18,7 15-20 76.7 2.9WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 156
Tariff aTrade bISIC Code Description No. of
lines Average Range Imports Exports
3411 Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard 95 11.5 0-20 255.0 46.1
3412 Manufacture of containers and boxes of paper and paperboard 9 15.0 15 23.8 5.7
3419 Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard articles not elsewhere
classified (stationery)54 14.5 5-20 114.4 21.9
3420 Printing, publishing and allied industries 35 13.6 0-20 160.0 17.6
3511 Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals except fertilizer 834 6.6 5-15 808.2 555.4
3512 Manufacture of fertilisers and pesticides 43 6.6 5-10 82.4 56.1
3513 Manufacture of synthetic resins, plastic materials and man-made fibres
except glass176 12.0 5-20 330.2 269.2
3521 Manufacture of paints, varnishes and lacquers 22 13.2 5-15 39.7 6.1
3522 Manufacture of drugs and medicines 191 5.8 0-15 493.7 54.3
3523 Manufacture of soap and cleaning preparations, perfumes, cosmetics and
other toilet preparations38 18.3 15-20 170.2 25.7
3529 Manufacture of chemical products not elsewhere classified 161 9.7 5-20 276.1 31.6
3530 Petroleum refineries 38 9.1 5-15 61.1 2.1
3540 Manufacture of miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal 19 9.2 5-15 26.2 5.9
3551 Tyre and tube industries 17 11.8 5-15 138.5 80.4
3559 Manufacture of rubber products not elsewhere classified 65 14.8 0-20 87.0 5.9
3560 Manufacture of plastic products not elsewhere classified 31 19.0 5-20 125.2 42.2
3610 Manufacture of pottery, china and earthenware 16 16.6 15-20 28.5 17.0
3620 Manufacture of glass and glass products 74 13.3 5-20 53.1 31.7
3691 Manufacture of structural clay products 21 13.3 5-15 81.2 23.8
3692 Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster 8 7.5 5-10 4.1 122.9
3699 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products not elsewhere classified 60 13.8 5-15 53.6 6.7
3710 Iron and steel basic industries 224 8.2 0-15 453.8 819.2
3720 Non-ferrous metal basic industries 195 7.5 5-15 182.4 851.9
3811 Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware 90 14.6 5-20 99.1 15.8
3812 Manufacture of furniture and fixtures primarily of metal 12 17.1 15-20 21.6 11.6
3813 Manufacture of structural metal products 23 15.0 15 111.1 26.7
3819 Manufacture of fabricated metal products except machinery and equipment
not elsewhere classified132 15.6 5-20 224.2 98.7
3821 Manufacture of engines and turbines 13 7.7 5-15 97.4 6.0
3822 Manufacture of agricultural machinery and equipment 18 8.9 0-20 26.9 0.7
3823 Manufacture of metal and wood-working machinery 165 8.8 5-15 152.1 10.3
3824 Manufacture of special industrial machinery and equipment except metal
and wood-working machinery180 7.2 0-15 412.0 19.0
3825 Manufacture of office, computing and accounting machinery 51 7.5 5-15 378.8 1.3
3829 Machinery and equipment except electrical not elsewhere classified 281 11.9 0-20 1.511.8 23.9
3831 Manufacture of electrical industrial machinery and apparatus 124 11.6 5-15 454.6 14.0
3832 Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and
apparatus168 10.1 5-20 920.9 7.9
3833 Manufacture of electrical appliances and housewares 31 19.2 10-20 52.8 6.6
3839 Manufacture of electrical apparatus and supplies not elsewhere classified 109 12.7 5-20 313.9 37.4
3841 Shipbuilding and repairing 27 8.0 0-20 65.7 3.2
3842 Manufacture of railroad equipment 25 8.8 5-20 22.7 0.4
3843 Manufacture of motor vehicles 113 14.5 5-35 1.503.6 225.9
3844 Manufacture of motorcycles and bicycles 19 17.1 10-20 48.1 0.4
3845 Manufacture of aircraft 22 5.5 5-10 154.9 0.3
3849 Manufacture of transport equipment not elsewhere classified 7 15.7 5-20 8.7 0.0Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
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Tariff aTrade bISIC Code Description No. of
lines Average Range Imports Exports
3851 Manufacture of professional and scientific and measuring and controlling
equipment not elsewhere classified175 7.9 5-20 343.7 14.6
3852 Manufacture of photographic and optical goods 71 7.8 5-20 51.2 5.7
3853 Manufacture of watches and clocks 59 8.6 5-20 27.2 1.6
3901 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles 19 16.1 5-20 6.5 1.0
3902 Manufacture of musical instruments 23 5.9 5-20 4.7 0.0
3903 Manufacture of sporting and athletic goods 31 18.1 5-20 34.8 0.3
3909 Manufacturing industries not elsewhere classified 154 16.0 0-20 291.7 30.2
4000 Electricity 1 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
a Applied in 2001.
b In 2000 and in US$ million
Source: Applied tariff: Data from Venezuelan authorities; UNSTAT Comtrade database SA1.WT/TPR/S/108 Trade Policy Review
Page 158
Table AIV.2
Summary of Venezuela's commitments under the GATS a
Market access National treatment
Modes of supply:
Cross-border supply 1 1
Consumption abroad 2 2
Commercial presence 3 3
Commitments (■ full; ◨ partial;  □ no commitments;  − not included in the Schedule)
Sector-specific commitments
1. Business Services
A. Professional Services:
a. Legal services □■□□■□
b. Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services □■□□■□
c. Taxation services ––––--
d. Architectural services □■□□■□
e. Engineering services □■□□■□
f. Integrated engineering services □■□□■□
g. Urban planning and landscape architectural services □■□□■□
h. Medical and dental services ––––––
i. Veterinary services ––––––
j. Services provided by midwives, nurses, physiotherapists
and para-medical personnel ––––––
B. Computer and Related Services ■■■■■■
C. Research and Development Services ––––––
D. Real-Estate Services ––––––
E. Rental/Leasing Services without Operators ––––––
F. Other Business Services:
a, b. Advertising services; Market research and public opinion
polling services ■■■■■■
c. Management consulting service □■□□■□
h. Services incidental to mining □■■□■■
t. Interpretation and translation services ■■■■■■
o. Other business services (categories d, e, f, g, i, j, k, l, m,
n, o, p, r, s) ––––––
2. Communication Services
A. Postal Services ––––––
B. Courier Services □■■□■■
C. Telecommunication Services:
a. Voice telephone services ■■■■■■
b. Packet-switched data transmission services □■■□■■
c. Circuit-switched data transmission services □■■□■■
d. Telex services ––––––
e. Telegraph services ––––––
f. Facsimile services ––––––
g. Private leased circuit services ■■■□■■
o. Other:  - mobile and personal communications services
and systems ■■■□■■
p. Value-added services other than above ––––––
D. Audiovisual Services ––––––
3. Construction and Related Engineering Services □■■□■■
4. Distribution Services ––––––Venezuela WT/TPR/S/108
Page 159
Market access National treatment
Modes of supply:
Cross-border supply 1 1
Consumption abroad 2 2
Commercial presence 3 3
Commitments (■ full; ◨ partial;  □ no commitments;  − not included in the Schedule)
5. Educational Services ––––––
6. Environmental Services ––––––
7. Financial Services
A. All insurance and insurance-related services
A1 Insurance □□◨□□◨
A2 Reinsurance ◨◨◨◨◨◨
A3 Insurance brokerage □□◨□□◨
A4 Reinsurance brokerage ◨◨◨◨◨◨
B. Banking and other financial services
B1 Banks and other financial institutions (a) acceptance of
deposits; b) lending; c) financial leasing services; d)payment services; e) guarantees; h) exchangetransactions. □□◨□□◨
B2 Foreign exchange houses □□◨□□◨
B3 Capital markets □□◨□□◨
8. Health-Related and Social Services ––––––
9. Tourism and Travel-Related Services
A. Hotels and Restaurants ■■■■■■
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operator Services ■■■■■■
C. Tourist Guide Services ■■■■■■
10. Recreational, Cultural and Sporting Services ––––––
11. Transport Services
A. Maritime Transport Services (freight) □■■□■■
B. Internal Waterways Transport ––––––
C. Air Transport Services ––––––
D. Space Transport ––––––
E. Rail Transport Services ––––––
F. Road Transport Services ––––––
G. Pipeline Transport ––––––
H. Services Auxiliary to All Modes of Transport □■■□■■
I. Other Transport Services ––––––
12. Other Services Not Included Elsewhere ––––––
a The sole authentic source of information on these commitments is Venezuela's Schedule of Specific Commitments, reproduced
in WTO documents GATS/SC/92 (15 April 1994), GATS/SC/92/Suppl.2 (11 April 1997) and GATS/SC/92/Suppl.3(26 February 1998).
Source: WTO Secretariat.
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