RESTRICTED
WORLD TRADE GPA/12
11February 1997
ORGANIZATION(97-0512)
Original: English Committee onGovernment Procurement
NOTIFICATION OFNATIONAL IMPLEMENTING LEGISLATION
Communication from theRepublic ofKorea
Theattached communication hasbeenreceived fromtheRepublic ofKorea inaccordance with
theCommittee Decision of4June1996 relating totheprocedures fortheNotification ofNational
Implementing Legislation (GPA/1/Add.1).GPA/12
Page2
THE NOTIFICATION OFNATIONAL IMPLEMENTING LEGISLATION
BASIC REGULATIONS1
1. TheActRelating toContracts towhich theState isaParty (ARCSP)
2. TheEnforcement Decree oftheARCSP
3. TheSpecial Enforcement Decree oftheARCWSP foraSpecific Government Procurement
1Copies (inKorean) areavailable forconsultation intheIntellectual Property andInvestment Division
(office 3057).GPA/12
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1. SUMMARY OFDOMESTIC REGULATIONS
Summary ofActRelating toContracts towhich theState isaParty
1. Basic LawfortheGovernment Procurement
TheActRelating toContracts towhich theState isaParty (ARCSP) isthebasic regulation
forthegovernment procurement. Except special provisions provided byother laws, thegovernment
procurement isgoverned bythisAct.
2. TheScope ofGovernment Procurement Contract
Thescope ofgovernment procurement contracts foraninternational tendering is:
- thecontracts forgoods, construction works andservices concluded bygovernmental
agencies according totheinternational norm andtheGovernment Procurement
Agreement which exceed theamount determined andpublicly announced bythe
Minister ofFinance andEconomy.
Theexception ofaninternational tendering allowed bytheGPA:
- thecontracts forgoods andservices procured withaviewtoresale ortouseinthe
production ofgoods orprovision ofservices forsalefromsmall andmedium enterprises
pursuant totheprovisions oftheSmall andMedium Enterprise Products Promotion
Act,andpurchasinganyagricultural,marineorlivestockproductspursuanttotheGrains
Control Act,theActrelating toDistribution andStability ofAgricultural andMarine
Products, ortheLivestock Industry Act.
Theheadofeachcentral agency mayprocure goods andservices through aninternational
tendering when necessary.
3. ThePrinciple ofContract: Bona Fide
- Contracts shallbeconcluded according totheprinciple ofbonafide.
- Aninternational tendering shall beimplemented according totheprinciples of
reciprocity. Thecontract officials shallnotimpose anyspecial terms orconditions upon
thecitizens ofamember country oftheGovernment Procurement Agreement orupon
theproducts orservices produced from those countries.
4. Decision ontheSelected Tenderer
Inacompetitive tendering, thesuccessful tenderer shallbe:
- aperson whoisdeemed fullycapable offulfilling theterms ofthecontract andoffers
thelowest bid;
- aperson whooffers themost favourable bidfortheState inconformity withthe
evaluation criteria specified inthepublic notice orthetender documentation;GPA/12
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- aperson whose bidconforms closest tothecriteria iftheevaluation criteria are
determined bythePresidential Decree considering thecontract 'snature andscale.
5. Principles ofGeneral Competition inGovernment Procurement
- Thepublic officer incharge ofcontract shallconclude acontract bythemeans ofgeneral
competition. Except, ifdeemed necessary, taking intoconsideration thecontract 's
purpose, nature, scale, etc.,hemaynominate participants orrestrict thequalification
oftheparticipants.
6. Restriction onTendering Participation Eligibility forImproper Business Person
Restriction ontendering participation toanimproper business person maybeimposed fora
specified period:
- aperson whomight bedetrimental toafairexecution ofthecompetition oraproper
fulfilment ofthecontract; or
- aperson whoisdeemed unqualified toparticipate inthetendering.
Procedure forthisrestriction:
- Theheadofacentral agency shallgivetheotherpartyanopportunity tostatehisopinion
inadvance and,ifnecessary, heartheopinion oftheinterested person.
7. TheInternational Contract Dispute Mediation Committee
Challenge procedure
- Those whohavegotadisadvantage bythematter ofthescope ofthegovernment
procurement contract, eligibility forparticipation, public notice, anddecision on
successful tenderer maymake anobjection.
- Anyone whoisdissatisfied withthemeasures bythedemanded institution mayrequest
areview foramediation totheInternational Contract Dispute Mediation Committee
established intheMinistry ofFinance andEconomy.
Effect ofthemediation
- TheCommittee shallmake theinvestigation andmediation. Ifnotanyobjection is
raised within fifteen daysafteranagreement, itshallhavethesame effect asajudicial
conciliation.GPA/12
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Summary ofEnforcement Decree oftheActRelating to
Contracts towhich theState isaParty
1. Principles ofContracts
- Intheconclusion ofcontracts, acontract official shallnotimpose anyspecial condition
which unreasonably restricts thecontractual benefit oftheother party, which is
prescribed bytherelated provisions.
2. Estimated Value ofContract andStandard Price
- Estimated value ofcontract isacriterion opened inapublic notice. Itisabasic tool
fordetermining thevalue ofcontracts forpurposes ofimplementing theGPA. Itis
based upon thebudget amount foraprocurement andcalculated according tothe
provisions oftheGPA.
- Standard Price isameans todetermine abestbidding price. Itisdetermined bythe
illustrative transactional price, thecostprice ortheappraised price. Itshallnotbe
informed.
3. Method ofCompetition &Qualification ofTendering
- Thecompetition isconducted bymeans ofacompetitive tendering inwhich more than
twoeffective bidders participate.
- Thebidder should beowning orleasing thefacilities required formanufacturing or
supplying ofthecontract object.
- When anyapproval orlicence isrequired pursuant totheprovisions ofthelaws, it
should bequalified.
4. Public Notice &SitePresentation
- Apublic notice ondomestic tendering willbegiven tendaysbefore thetendering date
(international tendering isprescribed bytheSpecial Enforcement Decree).
Inthecaseofconstruction work tendering, itwillbegiven seven daysbefore
thesitepresentation date.
Sitepresentation willbecarried outbefore following period:
• When theestimated price islessthan1billion won
10daysormore
• When theestimated price is1billion ormore andlessthannotified
amount
20daysormore
• When theestimated price isthenotified amount ormore
33daysormore
(*Thenotified amount isdetermined bytheGPA.)GPA/12
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Details ofthepublic notice:
• Matters assigned forthetendering
• Place, dateandtimeforthetendering anditsopening
• Qualification ofabidder
• Decision method forthesuccessful tenderer, etc.
5. Decision Method fortheSuccessful Tenderer
- Performance ability testmethod
Inacontract above notified amount, asuccessful tenderer shallbeexamined withrespect
totheperformance ability oftheconcerned contract intheorder ofthelowest tenderer
under thestandard price.
- Decision method operated onlyinadomestic tendering
Asuccessful tenderer isabidder withthelowest price, provided thatthebidding price
isnotlessthantheamount of90/100 ofthestandard priceandunder thestandard price.
Inthetender forpurchasing goods, thesuccessful tenderer isthelowest price bidder.
6. Single Tendering
Following arethecases towhich single tendering canbeapplied:
- incaseofanActofGodornational security,
- incaseofacontract withthecurrent construction company duetodifficulties of
assigningliabilitiesfordefectsthatmighthappeninrelationtofutureconstructionworks,
- incaseofpurchasing goods granted patent orincasewhere thesupplier isonlyone
person,
- incaseofawork whose estimated priceisunder 50million won,orgoods andservices
whose estimated price isunder 20million won,
- goods set-aside forasmall business,
- goods related provisions oftheSocial Welfare Business Act,
- incaseofnobidder evenintherenotification tendering etc.
7. Restriction onTendering Participation foranImproper Business Person
Restriction maybeimposed foraspecific period to:
- aperson whohasconstructed structures defectively ordesigned them inadequately,
- aperson whohasnotbeencareful intaking safety measures, thereby causing danger
ordamage tothepublic, or
- aperson whogives abribe inatendering procedure etc.GPA/12
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Summary ofSpecial Enforcement Decree oftheARCWSP fora
Specific Government Procurement (Special Enforcement Decree)
1. Scope ofSpecial Enforcement Decree
TheSpecial Enforcement Decree willbeapplied to:
- aninternational tendering prescribed bytheGPA andother provisions.
Foraninternational tendering which isnotcovered bytheGPA, there arenoobligations forobserving
theprovisions oftheGPA. However, provisions ofSpecial Enforcement Decree shall beapplied
correspondingly toeventhecases forthestandardization oftheprocurement system.
2. Principles ofContracts foraSpecific Procurement
- Fairselection forasuccessful tenderer andnon-discrimination toanytenderer shall
bedoneinaninternational tendering.
- With theintention ofavoiding theapplication ofGPA, anyprocurement requirement
shallnotbedivided.
- Entities shallnotimpose anyoffsets intendering procedures.
3. Tendering Procedure
Following aretendering procedures foraninternational tendering: opentendering, selective
tendering andlimited tendering (single tendering).
4. Language inanInternational Tendering
- Abasic language isKorean. However, when necessary, foreign languages including
WTO official languages canbeused.
- Inapublic notice, mainitems foratendering shallbewritten inoneoftheWTO official
languages.
5. Qualification ofSuppliers inOpen Tendering andaSupplier 'sList
- Main conditions forsuppliers arelimited tothose which areessential toensure the
supplier 'scapacity tofulfilthecontract inquestion suchascontract performance record,
technical performance ability andfinancial capacity etc.
- Tosimplify thequalification procedures, entities canoperate apermanent supplier 's
list.
6. Public Notice onIntended Procurement andDecision ofSuccessful Tenderer
- Time limits foratendering shallnotbelessthan40daysfromthedateofthepublic
notice.GPA/12
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- Thepublicnoticeshallcontaindetailsrelatedtothetenderingaccordingtotheprovisions
ofGPA.
- Information onthecontract award shallbepublished notlaterthan72daysafterthe
award ofeachcontract.
7. Challenge Procedures &International Contract Dispute Mediation Committee
- Suppliers canchallenge alleged breaches oftheGPA totheprocurement entities or
International Contract Dispute Mediation Committee.
- TheCommittee isestablished intheMinistry ofFinance andEconomy toinvestigate
andmediate therequest forreview byasupplier.
- Thechairman oftheCommittee isVice Minister ofFinance andEconomy. The
Committee has15members whoareprofessors, barristers orofficials, etc.
- TheCommittee canorder theinterim measures which include suspension oftendering
procedures, etc.
- Themediation bytheCommittee canbeprovided forthecorrection ofbreaches
oftheGPA orcompensation forthelossordamages suffered.
- Themediation hasthesame effect asajudicial conciliation when ithasnoobjection.
8. Implementing theInternational Business Practices
When necessary, inlightofnature ofinternational trade, international business practices can
beapplied todetermine currency, deposit ofcontract payment, inspection oradjustment ofinflation,
etc.
2. SUMMARY OFOTHER REGULATIONS RELATED TOTHE GOVERNMENT
PROCUREMENT
1. TheActontheGovernment Procurement Business
Character oftheAct
- TheActcontains theprovisions forthecentral government procurement system
implemented bytheOffice ofSupply (OSROK).
Applied Institution
- TheStateandLocal government entities shallcommit theprocurements forthegoods
more than50million wonandtheconstruction works more than2billion wontothe
OSROK.
- Government invested institutions, ifnecessary, cancommit theprocurement business
totheOSROK.GPA/12
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Centralization ofthegovernment procurement
- Basically, eachgovernment authority isresponsible forprocuring goods, services and
construction services foritsownuse.However, goods andworks exceeding agiven
threshold value, which aspecialized agency canprocure more efficiently, should be
procured andsupplied through theOffice ofSupply oftheRepublic ofKorea tocentral
andlocalgovernment agencies (so-called end-users).
- TheOSROK 'send-users areclassified intotwocategories: obligatory andvoluntary.
Theformer consists ofcentral andlocalgovernment agencies, which arerequired to
purchase theirneeded goods andworks above agiven threshold value through the
OSROK. Thelatterconsists ofgovernment-funded orgovernment-sponsored agencies,
which haveoptions toprocure goods, services andworks forthemselves orthrough
theOSROK.
- Even theobligatory end-users, however, areallowed topurchase goods andconclude
construction contracts forthemselves incases ofurgent procurement needs, small
purchasesbelowagiventhresholdvalueorprocurementfornationaldefenceorsecurity.
System todraw upgovernment procurement
- Each central andlocal government agency willforecast itsneed forsupplies and
construction services during thecourse ofayear, determine thepurchase request plan
withthepreparation ofthebudgeted funds, andsubmit ittotheOSROK before the
beginning ofthenextfiscal year.
- Upon receipt ofthepurchase plans from theend-users, theOSROK shalldraw upa
comprehensive Acquisition Program considering theend-user 'sprocurement planfor
thecoming yearaswellastheprocurement leveloftheprevious year, which willthen
procure andsupply inacost-effective andtimely manner.
2. Local Financing Act
Character
- Thelocalgovernment procurement system isprescribed bytheLocal Financing Act
anditsPresidential Decree, etc.
- Theprovisions oftheActanditsPresidential Decree regulate specialties forthelocal
government procurement. However, maincontents oftheseprovisions arequoted from
theActRelating toContracts towhich theState isaParty.
- Inconclusion, localgovernment entities operate thesame procurement system asthe
central government.
Main different provisions from theARCSP
- Incaseoflocalgovernment procurement, theestimated pricefortheregional restriction
isdifferent from thatofthestate.GPA/12
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AccordingtotheprovisionsbytheLocalFinanceActoritsEnforcementDecree,entities
canrestrict participants 'eligibility toonly theperson doing business within its
jurisdiction when theestimated price islessthan5billion won.
According totheprovisions bytheARCSP anditsEnforcement Decree etc.,the
restriction canbeimposed totheconstruction work onlylessthan3billion won.
3. TheGovernment Invested Enterprise Management Law
- Procurement business ofthegovernment invested institution isprescribed bythe
government invested Enterprise Management LawandAdministrative Regulation by
theMinistry ofFinance &Economy.
- These regulations include some specialties fortheentities applied andexception inthe
single tendering fromtheprovisions oftheARCSP. However, maincontents ofthese
provisions arequoted fromtheActRelating toContracts towhich theStateisaParty.
- Inconclusion, government invested entities operate thesame procurement system as
thecentral government.
3. CONTACT POINTS FOR ANINQUIRY ONTHE GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
TheActRelating totheContracts towhich theState isaParty
Ministry ofFinance andEconomy
Government Accounting Policy Division
Telephone: +8225005391
Telefax: +8225039291
TheLocal Financing Act
Ministry ofHome Affairs
Local Financing andEconomy Division
Telephone: +8225005391
Telefax: +8225039291
TheGovernment Invested Enterprise Management Law
Ministry ofFinance andEconomy
Government Loan andEnterprise Management Division
Telephone: +8225005391
Telefax: +8225039291GPA/12
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TheActontheGovernment Procurement Business
Office ofSupply
Administration andManagement Division
Telephone: +8225335979
Telefax: +8225969548
4. ANSWER TOTHE CHECKLIST OFISSUES
I. GENERAL ELEMENTS
1. Hastheagreement beentransposed intonational law?
Ithasbeentransposed intodomestic lawsandregulations suchastheActRelating toContracts
towhich theState isaParty ("ARCSP"), theLocal Financing ActandtheGovernment Invested
Enterprise Management Law.
TheActRelating toContracts towhich theStateisaParty ("ARCSP") isthebasic regulation
ontheprocurement bythecentral government institution. Itprescribes details concerning contracts
towhich thestateisaparty, including procurement proceedings andcontract administrations. Itcontains
details related togovernment procurement contracts through aninternational competitive bidding.
Itprescribes provisions related toNational Treatment, Non-discrimination, andtheTransparency of
Government Procurement.
TheEnforcement Decree oftheARCSP provides details delegated bytheARCSP andthose
necessary fortheimplementation ofadomestic tendering.
TheSpecialEnforcementDecreeoftheARCSPforaSpecificGovernmentProcurementprovides
detailsdelegatedbytheARCSPandthosenecessaryfortheimplementationofaninternationaltendering.
2. Inthecasethatentities below thefederal orcentral state level arecovered: arethese
categories ofentities autonomous from federal orcentral state level government inthe
implementation oftheAgreement?
Entities below thefederal orcentral statelevel havetheirownprocurement system suchas
Local Financing Act. ButtheActgenerally follows provisions ofARCSP.
3. InthecasethatAnnex 3entities arecovered: arethese categories ofentities autonomous
intheimplementation oftheAgreement ordotheyapply thelegislation provided bythe
federal/central orsub-central level?
OtherentitiessuchasgovernmentinvestedenterprisesarecontrolledbytheGovernmentInvested
Enterprise Management Law. ButtheLawalsogenerally follows provisions ofARCSP.
4. Which main differences (ifany)existbetween theimplementing lawsatthefederal orcentral
level, thesub-central levelandforAnnex 3entities?
There arenosignificant differences except regional restriction andconditions forasingle
tendering.Forexample,alocalgovernmentcanrestrictparticipants'eligibilitytopersonsdoingbusinessGPA/12
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within itsjurisdiction, when theestimated price ofthework islessthan5billion won. However, the
restriction canbeimposed byacentral government onlytotheconstruction workofwhich theestimated
price islessthan3billion won.
5. Towhat extent isinformation technology usedintheprocess ofgovernment procurement?
Wearerunning adatabase system offering information oftendering opportunities.
II. SPECIFIC ELEMENTS
6. Identify thespecific provisions inyourlegislation which reflect thenational treatment and
non-discrimination commitments ofArticle IIIoftheAgreement?
ARCSP Article 5anditsSpecial Enforcement Decree (SED) Article 4
7. Article IX:2oftheAgreement foresees thattheinvitation toparticipate maytaketheform
ofanotice ofproposed procurement. Ifyourimplementing legislation provides forthis
opportunity, givedetails.
Provisions forthepublic notice areprovided reflecting theprovisions oftheGPA. Those are
almost same provisions oftheGPA. Basically public notice foropen orselective tendering should
bedonenotlessthan40daysbefore thetender date. Insome cases foraselective tendering, time
limitforatender willbeextended tomore than65days.
Apublic notice shallcontain every itemprescribed bytheGPA suchasplace, dateandtime
fortendering anditsopening, qualification ofthebidder andcontact points etc.(SED Art.11,12).
8. Article IX:3oftheAgreement foresees thatentities atthesub-central levelaswellasAnnex 3
entities mayuseanotice ofplanned procurement ornotice regarding qualification system
asaninvitation toparticipate. Ifyourimplementing legislation provides forthisopportunity,
givedetails.
Besides apublic notice, other provisions foranotice oftheplanned procurement areprescribed
according totheArticle IX:3oftheGPA (SED Art.13).
9. Inthecaseofselective tendering procedures: towhat extent areentities allowed touse
permanent listsofsuppliers oristhere arequirement forlistsofsuppliers tobeselected
onacontract-by-contract basis?
Ifnecessary,entitiescanusepermanentsupplier'slists.Qualificationsforregistrationatsupplier's
listscanbedetermined byentities, considering experiences, skills orbusiness conditions ofentities
(SED Art.10).
Itisnotnecessary foracontract official tochange therequirements forsupplier 'slistona
contract-by-contract basis. Itissameasthecurrent classification system forsuppliers. Therequirements
forthesupplier 'slistarefixed.GPA/12
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10. Article XIVoftheAgreement allows fornegotiation under certain conditions. Areentities
allowed toproceed tonegotiations? Ifso,which categories andwhat aretheconditions
imposed?
Negotiation canbeallowed during thetendering procedure. Ifitisdeemed necessary, taking
intoconsideration thenature ofcontract, theurgency, national security, theheadofeachcentral agency
orthepublic officials mayenterintothecontract afterreceiving theproposals frombidders suppliers
andnegotiating technical specification orqualities, etc.
11. Article XIcontains thetime-limits fortendering anddelivery. Time-limits shall normally
be"notlessthatXdays". Does thedomestic legislation reflect thevarious minimum time-
limits assetoutintheAgreement? Ifnot,giveinformation onanylonger timelimits which
havebeenestablished.
Thetime-limits fortendering shallbemore than40daysafterapublic notice. Incompliance
withtheprovisions oftheGPA, some exceptions areprescribed asbelow:
Incaseofanemergency notice: more than10daysafterapublic notice.
Incaseofaplanned procurement notice: more than24daysafterapublic notice.
12. Towhatextent doestheimplementing legislation allow entities, inpursuance ofArticle XII:1,
topermit tenders tobesubmitted inseveral languages (oneofwhich hastobealanguage
oftheWTO)? Towhat extent doentities usethisflexibility?
Thebasiclanguage isKorean inthetendering procedure. However, when necessary, aforeign
language including WTO official languages canbeused(SED Art.8).
III. CHALLENGE PROCEDURES -ARTICLE XX
13. Paragraph 3ofArticle XXrequires eachParty toprovide itschallenge procedures inwriting
andmaking them generally available. Please provide thisinformation.
Anyone whohasbeendisadvantaged duetothebreaches oftheGPAoccurred byanentity 's
measure inthecourse ofinternational tendering maymake anobjection forrevocation orcorrection
ofsuchactstotheInternational Contract Dispute Mediation Committee (SED Art.28).
14. Totheextent thatthisinformation doesnotfullyrespond tothefollowing points, please
provide thesupplementary information necessary todoso.
(i) Thetime-limit tolaunch acomplaint contained intheAgreement is"notlessthan
10days". What arethelimits indomestic legislation?
Asupplier orcontractor shallsubmit acomplaint within 15daysaftertheoccurrence ofthe
actwhich isthecause oftheobjection or10daysafteracquiring knowledge ofsuchanact.
Thehead oftherelevant procuring entity shall, within 10daysofthereceipt ofthecomplaint,
examine andtakenecessary measures suchascorrection andgiveaprompt notice ofthedecision to
thesupplier orthecontractor submitting thecomplaint.GPA/12
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(ii) What body isresponsible forthechallenge procedures? Isthisa"court" oran
"impartial andindependent review body"? Ifthelatter:
Inorder toexamine andmediate therequest forareview, acommittee isestablished
intheMinistry ofFinance andEconomy.
- How areitsmembers selected?
Thechairman oftheCommittee isViceMinister ofFinance andEconomy. TheCommittee
has15members whoareprofessors, barristers designated bytheMinister ofFinance andEconomy
orpublic officials designated bytheheads ofmajor procurement entities.
- Areitsdecisions subject tojudicial review?
Themediation hasthesameeffect asajudicial conciliation when thereisnoobjection. Ifthere
areanyobjections, thecasecanbesenttothecourt.
- Ifnot,howaretherequirements ofparagraph 6ofArticle XXtaken into
account?
Wehavetheprovisions forvarious challenge procedures reflecting theprovisions oftheGPA
suchashearing before adecision, openmediation process, decision bywriting, etc.
(iii) What istheapplicable lawbyreference towhich thechallenge bodywillexamine
complaints?
ARCSPhasgeneralprovisionsforthereviewofthechallengeprocedures,reviewing,examining
andinvestigating. Thecasecanbesenttotherelated institutions foraspecial appreciating. During
theprocess, theprovisions fortheprocedures suchasdelivery ornotice etc.shallfollow theprovisions
oftheActfortheCivil Suit.
(iv) Which rapid interim measures areprovided tocorrect breaches oftheAgreement
andtopreserve commercial opportunities?
- Dothese measures include thepossibility tosuspend theprocurement
process? Onwhat conditions?
Suspensionoftenderingproceedingsorawardingofcontractsmaybegranteduntilthearbitration
(mediation) process intheCommittee iscompleted.
(v) Howdochallenge procedures provide forcorrection oftheAgreement? What types
ofcompensation forlossordamages suffered canthechallenge bodyorder?
TheCommittee canmake amediation offerincluding cancelation andcorrection ofthebreaches
andcompensation forlossordamages. There arelimits tothecompensation. Itwillbelimited to
theexpense forapreparation forthetendering andmediation.GPA/12
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(vi) Giveanyavailable information onthetimeperiods forthestages ofthechallenge
process, including toobtain interim measures andafinal decision.
Asupplier orcontractor whohasanobjection tothemeasure bytheentity concerned canrequest
areview oftheCommittee forInternational Dispute Mediation within 15daysofthereceipt ofthe
notice ofdecision.
Interim measures bytheCommittee shallbetaken within seven daysofthereceipt oftheopinion
ofaprocurement entity.
TheCommittee, unless thereareanyotherspecific reasons, shallreview andarbitrate theappeal
filedwithin 50daysofitsreceipt.
Themediation shallbefinalunless theapplicant forappeal ortheheadofaprocuring entity
concerned raises anyobjection toitwithin 15daysofthecompletion ofmediation. Itshallhavethe
same effect asanout-of-court settlement.
Legal channels forcomplaints orappeals areopen toanysuppliers. Appeals canberaised
toacivilsuit.
(vii) What aretheusual costs toconduct achallenge procedure? Arethere possibilities
foreseen todosofreeofcharge?
Translation, stenography, appreciation ortesting costcanbebilled totheappellant.
Ifthere isaprior arrangement between bothparties, thecostofchallenge procedures canbe
imposed bythearrangement. Therefore, there canbenocostinsome cases.