APPENDIX TABLESTurkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 123 
 
 
Table AI.1 
Structure of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
      
Total exports (US$ million) 21,637.0 26,974.0 26,587.2 27,774.9 31,334.2 35,753.1 
      
(Per cent) 
      
Total primary products 25.7 22.1 20.8 17.6  17.5  15.2 
Agriculture 21.0 18.7 16.7 13.9  13.9  11.1 
Food 19.6 17.4 15.4 12.8  12.8  10.1 
0577 Edible nuts fresh, dried  2.8  2.3  1.7  1.4   1.7   1.2 
Agricultural raw material  1.5  1.4  1.3  1.1   1.1   1.0 
Mining  4.6  3.4  4.1  3.7   3.6   4.1 
Ores and other minerals  2.0  1.1  1.6  1.2   1.0   1.2 
Non-ferrous metals  1.3  1.4  1.2  1.4   1.2   1.0 
Fuels  1.3  1.0  1.3  1.1   1.4   1.9 
      
Manufactures 74.3 76.9 79.1 81.2  81.6  84.1 
Iron and steel  9.1  6.8  6.5  6.7   8.0   7.8 
6762 Bars and rods of iron or steel, hot-drawn or hot-extruded   3.7  3.0  3.1  2.5   2.8   2.5 
Chemicals  4.1  3.8  4.2  3.9   4.1   4.3 
Other semi-manufactures  6.7  7.5  7.7  8.2   8.4   8.7 
Machinery and transport equipment 11.1 15.1 18.9 20.6  22.8  24.0 
Power generating machines  0.3  0.6  0.5  0.5   0.6   0.5 
Other non-electrical machinery  1.9  2.5  2.8  3.0   3.1   3.1 
Agricultural machinery and tractors  0.0  0.1  0.2  0.2   0.2   0.2 
Office machines & telecommunication equipment  1.2  3.3  3.1  3.7   3.3   4.5 
7611 Colour television receivers  0.9  2.7  2.5  3.0   2.8   4.1 
Other electrical machines  3.4  3.7  3.6  3.9   4.3   4.6 
7731 Insulated wire, etc., electric conductors  1.5  1.4  1.3  1.5   1.7   1.4 
Automotive products  3.0  3.0  5.4  5.5   7.5   8.8 
7812 Passager transport vehicles  1.2  0.5  2.6  2.3   3.1   3.6 
7843 Other parts, motor vehicles  0.8  1.3  1.5  1.6   1.7   1.9 
7821 Goods vehicles  0.2  0.1  0.1  0.3   1.2   2.0 
7831 Public transport passenger vehicle  0.7  0.8  1.0  1.0   1.0   1.0 
Other transport equipment  1.4  2.0  3.5  4.0   4.0   2.6 
7139 Parts, n.e.s, for internal combustion piston engine  0.5  0.6  0.7  0.8   1.1   1.2 
Textiles 11.7 13.2 13.1 13.4  12.6  11.9 
6584 Household linens  1.2 1.8  1.8  2.0   1.8   1.8 
6585 Curtains, other furnishings  0.7  0.8  0.9  0.9   0.8   1.0 
Clothing 28.3 26.3 24.5 23.8  21.3  22.5 
8454 T-shirts, other vests knit 3.2  4.2  4.2  4.6   3.8   4.1 
8453 Jerseys, pullovers, etc. knit  4.0 4.1  3.8  3.2   3.0   3.0 
8426 Trousers, breeches etc.  1.3  1.9  2.2  2.6   2.8   3.0 
8414 Trousers, breeches, etc.  1.2  1.6  1.7  1.8   1.6   1.7 
8442 Suits, dresses skirts etc  2.7  2.0  1.7  1.6   1.2   1.2 
8462 Hosiery, etc. knitted  0.9  0.9  0.9  1.0   1.0   1.1 
8448 Underwear, nightwear etc  1.8  1.7  1.4  1.2   1.0   1.0 
Other consumer goods  3.2  4.2  4.1  4.6   4.5   5.0 
8973 Gold and silver jewellery and wares  0.3  0.8  1.1  1.4   1.4   1.6 
      
Other  0.1  1.0  0.2  1.2   0.9   0.7 
9310 Special transactions not classified  0.0  1.0  0.0  1.2   0.7   0.5 
Gold  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0   0.1   0.1 
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database;  and information provided by the Turkish authorities. WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 124 
 
 
Table AI.2 
Destinations of exports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent)  
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
      
Total exports 21,637.0 26,974.0 26,587.2 27,774.9 31,334.2 35,753.1
      
 (Per cent) 
      
America  8.1  9.9 10.8 12.9  11.8  10.9 
United States  7.0  8.3  9.2 11.2  10.0   9.3 
Canada  0.4  0.6  0.6  0.6   0.5   0.7 
Other America  0.7  1.0  1.1  1.0   1.2   0.9 
      
Europe 68.2 67.0 66.2 64.9  64.3  65.9 
EU(15) 51.3 50.0 54.0 52.5  51.4  51.3 
Germany 23.3 20.3 20.6 18.8  17.1  16.3 
United Kingdom  5.3  6.4  6.9  7.4   6.9   8.4 
Italy  6.7  5.8  6.3  6.4   7.5   6.6 
France  4.8  4.8  5.9  6.0   6.0   5.9 
Spain  1.7  1.9  2.9  2.6   3.0   3.1 
Netherlands  3.4  3.3  3.5  3.2   2.8   2.9 
Belgium-Luxembourg  2.1  2.5  2.3  2.3   2.2   2.0 
Greece  1.0  1.4  1.5  1.6   1.5   1.6 
Austria  1.3  1.1  1.2  1.1   1.1   1.0 
Denmark  0.6  0.7  0.7  0.8   0.9   1.0 
EFTA  1.4  1.3  1.4  1.2   1.0   1.1 
Eastern Europe 14.6 14.6  9.7  9.9  10.7  11.5 
Romania  1.4  1.7  1.0  1.2   1.3   1.6 
Bulgaria  0.8  0.8  0.9  0.9   1.0   1.1 
Poland  1.3  1.1  0.8  0.6   0.8   1.0 
Former USSR  9.7 10.1  5.9  6.1   6.5   6.7 
Russian Federation  5.7  5.0  2.2  2.3   2.9   3.3 
Other Europe  0.9  1.0  1.2  1.4   1.2   1.5 
      
Asia 16.5 12.0 12.7 12.2  13.0  12.4 
Middle East 10.7  9.1  9.2  8.8   9.9   9.1 
Israel  1.1  1.8  2.2  2.3   2.6   2.4 
Saudi Arabia  2.2  1.8  1.4  1.4   1.6   1.5 
United Arab Emirates  0.9  0.9  1.5  1.1   1.2   1.3 
East Asia  5.1  2.2  2.4  2.9   2.7   3.2 
South Asia  0.7  0.7  1.1  0.6   0.5   0.5 
      
Oceania  0.2  0.3  0. 3  0.5   0.3   0.4 
      
Africa  4.9  6.8  6.2  4.9   4.9   4.7 
Sub-Saharan Africa  0.5  0.9  0.9  0.8   0.9   0.9 
Other Africa  4.5  5.9  5.3  4.2   3.9   3.8 
Algeria  1.2  1.8  1.5  1.4   1.3   1.4 
Egypt  1.1  1.8  1.8  1.3   1.3   0.9 
      
Other  2.0  4.2  3.7  4.6   5.7   5.7 
Free zones  0.0  3.1 2.9  3.3   3.0   4.0 
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database;  and information provided by the Turkish authorities. Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 125 
 
 
Table AI.3 
Structure of imports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
      
Total imports (US$ million) 35,709.0 45,921.4 40,671.3 54,502.8  41,399.1  51,203.3 
      
(Per cent) 
      
Total primary products 31.4 21.8 25.9 25.5  25.9  30.1 
Agriculture 12.6  9.4  8.4  7.6   7.4   7.8 
Food  7.0  5.0  5.0  3.9   3.6   3.7 
Agricultural raw material  5.6  4.4  3.3  3.7   3.8   4.1 
2631 Cotton, not carded, combed  1.1  1.3  0.9  1.2   1.2   1.0 
Mining 18.8 12.4 17.5 17.8  18.5  22.4 
Ores and other minerals  3.7  2.6  2.3  1.9   1.7   2.7 
2823 Other ferrous waste, scrap  3.0  1.8  1.6  1.3   1.1   2.0 
Non-ferrous metals  2.1  2.0  2.0  2.0   2.0   2.1 
Fuels 12.9  7.9 13.2 13.9  14.8  17.6 
3330 Crude petroleum  8.2  4.5  6.8 7.7  9.4   8.0 
3442 Gaseous hydrocarbon, liquefied., n.e.s  1.0  0.9  1.2  1.9   2.2   1.3 
3212 Other coal, not agglomerated  0.7  1.0  0.7  1.1   0.7   1.3 
      
Manufactures 68.4 75.4 73.6 70.5  65.4  66.2 
Iron and steel  5.9  4.9  3.8  4.4   4.4   4.2 
6732 Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel  1.3 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 
Chemicals 15.0 14.3 15.5 13.6  15.1  15.4 
5429 Medicaments, n.e.s  0.4  0.7  1.1  1.0   1.5   1.7 
5751 Propylene polymers etc.  0.7  0.6  0.7  0.7   0.7   0.8 
Other semi-manufactures  5.6  5.5  5.5  5.1   5.1   5.2 
Machinery and transport equipment 32.2 39.5 37.8 37.6  30.5  30.4 
Power generating machines  0.6  2.4  1.7  1.2   3.4   2.5 
Other non-electrical machinery 12.8 13.7 10.2  9.0   9.1  10.7 
7245 Weaving, knitting machines, etc.  1.4  1.0  0.3  0.6   0.5   1.2 
7244 Spinning, extruding  machines, etc.  1.7  1.1  0.4  0.5   0.5   1.0 
7284 Machinery and appliances, specialized, n.e.s  1.2  1.5  1.2  0.8   1.0   1.0 
Agricultural machinery and tractors  0.1  0.2  0.2  0.1   0.1  0.1 
Office machines & telecommunication equipment  4.7  7.3 10.6 10.2   6.7   6.2 
7761 TV picture tubes, cathode ray  0.5  0.8  0.9  0.8   1.1   1.5 
7643 TV, radio transmitters, etc.  0.7  1.5  3.1  2.9   1.2   1.0 
Other electrical machines  2.9  4.2  4.1  3.4   3.1   3.2 
Automotive products  4.8  8.8  8.1 10.8   5.1   5.4 
7843 Other parts of motor vehicles  2.1  2.5  2.5  2.8   2.0   2.0 
7812 Pass. transport vehicles  0.9  3.0  3.3  4.8   1.4   1.6 
7132 Internal combustion engine vehicles  0.5  0.7  0.7  0.7   0.7   0.9 
Other transport equipment  6.3  3.1  3.0  3.1   3.1   2.3 
7932 Ships, boats, other vessels  1.4  0.6  0.6  0.2  1.3  0.8 
Textiles  5.1  5.0  4.7  3.9   4.6   5.5 
6524 Other woven fabrics, containing 85% or more by 
weight of cotton, weighing more than 200 g/m2  0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3   0.6   0.8 
Clothing  0.1  0.5  0.5  0.5   0.6   0.6 
Other consumer goods  4.5  5.6  5.7  5.4   5.2   4.9 
      
Other  0.3  2.7  0.5  4.1   8.6   3.7 
9310 Special transactions not classified  0.0  2.1  0.0  3.8   5.9   1.0 
Gold  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0   2.4   2.7 
9710 Gold, non-monetary excl. ores  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0   2.4   2.7 
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database;  and information provided by the Turkish authorities. WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 126 
 
 
Table AI.4 
Sources of imports, 1995-02 
(US$ million and per cent)  
Description 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
      
Total imports 35,709.0 45,921.4 40,671.3 54,502.8  41,399.1  51,203.3
      
 (Per cent) 
      
America 13.2 10.9  9.3  8.8   9.3   7.9 
United States 10.4  8.8  7.6  7.2   7.9   6.0 
Canada  0.8  0.4  0.4  0.5   0.3   0.6 
Other America  2.0  1.7  1.3  1.2   1.1   1.3 
      
Europe 62.4 65.9 67.0 65.2  62.7  65.6
EU(15) 47.2 52.4 52.6 48.9  44.2  45.3 
Germany 15.5 15.9 14.5 13.2  12.9  13.7 
Italy  8.9  9.2  7.8  8.0   8.4   8.0 
France  5.6  6.6  7.7  6.5   5.5   5.9 
United Kingdom  5.1  5.8  5.4  5.0   4.6   4.7 
Spain  1.7  2.8  3.1  3.1   2.6   2.7 
Netherlands  3.0  3.1  3.2  2.9   2.5   2.6 
Belgium-Luxembourg  2.6  2.6  2.8  3.0   2.4   2.5 
Austria  0.8  1.3  1.2  1.0   1.0   1.1 
EFTA  2.5  2.5  2.3  2.1   3.6   4.5 
Switzerland  2.3  2.2  1.8  1.6   3.0   4.2 
Eastern Europe 12.4 10.6 11.8 13.9  14.8  15.2 
Romania  1.0  0.7  1.0  1.2   1.2   1.3 
Former USSR  9.4  8.3  9.3 10.7  11.4  11.0 
Russian Federation  5.8  4.7  5.8  7.2   8.3   7.5 
Ukraine  2.4  2.2  1.9  1.8   1.8   1.9 
Other Europe  0.3  0.2  0.3  0.3   0.2   0.3 
      
Asia 18.6 16.9 16.3 17.3  18.1  17.7 
Middle East  7.6  4.3  4.9  5.7   6.8   5.8 
Iran Islamic Rep.  1.9  0.9  1.6  1.5   2.0   1.8 
Saudi Arabia  3.9  1.5  1.4  1.8   1.8   1.6 
East Asia  9.9 11.8 10.7 10.6  10.1  10.5 
Japan  3.9  4.5  3.4  2.9   3.2   2.8 
China  1.5  1.8  2.2  2.4   2.2   2.7 
Korea, Rep. of  1.6  2.4  2.1  2.2   1.8   1.7 
South Asia  1.1  0.8  0.7  1.0   1.2   1.4 
      
Oceania  1.0  1.0  0. 4  0.6   0.6   0.6 
      
Africa  3.9  3.8  4.1  5.0   6.8   5.2 
Sub-Saharan Africa  0.3  0.2  0.4  0.5   0.9   0.7 
Other Africa  3.6  3.6  3.8  4.5   5.9   4.5 
Algeria  1.3  1.4  1.7  2.2   2.6   2.1 
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya  1.1  0.7  1.2  1.5   2.0   1.5 
      
Other  0.9  1.5  2.8  3.1   2.5   3.0 
Free zones  0.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.1
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database;  and information provided by the Turkish authorities. Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 127 
 
 
Table AII.1 
Legislation enacted by Turkey as a result of the CUD, 2003 
Area EU legislation Corresponding legislation  enacted by Turkey 
Common rules for 
imports Council reg. (EC) 
No. 3285/94 Decree No. 95/6814 on Safeguard Measures and Surveillance for Imports and the 
Administration of Quotas and Tariff Quotas ( Official Gazette  No. 22300 of 
1 June 1995) and Implementing Regulation on Safeguard Measures and Surveillance 
for Imports ( Official Gazette  No. 22300 of 1 June 1995) 
Decree No. 95/7432 of 24 October 1995 Amending Decree No. 95/6814 ( Official 
Gazette  No. 22450 of 1 November 1995);  and Implementing Regulation Amending 
Regulation on Safeguard Measures and Surveillance for Imports ( Official Gazette  
No. 22450 of 1 November 1995) 
Common rules for imports from certain 
third countries Council reg. (EC) 
No. 519/94 Decree No. 95/7348 on Safeguard Measures and Surveillance for Imports of Products 
Originating in Certain Countries ( Official Gazette  No. 22438 of 19 Oct. 1995) and 
Implementing Regulation on Safeguard Measures and Surveillance for Imports of 
Products Originating in Certain Countries ( Official Gazette  No. 22450 of 
1 Nov. 1995) Decree No. 95/7433 of 24 Oct. 1995 Amending Decree No. 95/7348 ( Official Gazette  
No. 22450 of 1 Nov. 1995) 
Administration of quotas Council reg. (EC) 
No. 520/94 and Commission 
reg. (EC) No. 738/94 Decree No. 95/6814 on Safeguard Measures and Surveillance for Imports and the 
Administration of Quotas and Tariff Quotas ( Official Gazette  No. 22300 of 1 June 
1995), and Implementing Regulation on Quotas and Tariff Quotas ( Official Gazette  
No. 22300 of 1 June 1995) Decree No. 95/7432 of Oct. 1995 Amending Decree No. 95/6814 ( Official Gazette  
No. 22450 of 1 Nov. 1995), and Implementing Regulation Amending Regulation on 
Quotas and Tariff Quotas ( Official Gazette  No. 22450 of 1 Nov. 1995) 
Protection against 
dumped and subsidized 
imports Council reg. (EC) 
No. 384/96 and Council reg. 
(EC) No. 3284/94] Law No. 3577 on Prevention of Unfair Competition in Importation will be amended 
in accordance with new EU legislation and the Uruguay Round Final Act 
Draft legislation has been presented to the Parliament 
New commercial policy instrument Council reg. (EC) 
No. 3286/94 (amended by 
Council reg. No. 356/95 (EC)) Decree No. 95/7608 on the Protection of Turkey's Commercial Rights ( Official 
Gazette  No. 22510 of 31 Dec. 1995) and Implementing Regulation on Protection of 
Turkey's Commercial Rights ( Official Gazette  No. 22510 of 31 Dec. 1995) 
Common rules for 
exports Council reg. (EEC) 
No. 2603/69 Export Regime Decree and Regulation ( Official Gazette  No. 22515 of 6 Jan. 1996) 
Officially supported 
export credits Council dec. (EEC) 
No. 112/93 Communication (Export 96/12) ( Official Gazette  No. 22532 of 23 Jan. 1996) 
Common rules on 
textiles imports Council reg. (EEC) 
No. 3030/93 Decree No. 95/6815 on Surveillance and Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain 
Textile Products, and Implementing Regulation on Surveillance and Safeguard 
Measures on Imports of Certain Textile Products ( Official Gazette  No. 22300 of 
1 June 1995) repealed by Official Gazette  No. 23212 of 26 Dec. 1997 
Textile imports from 
Chinese Taipei Council reg. (EC) 
No. 3951/92 Although Council reg. (EC) No. 3957/92 has not been adopted, textile imports from 
Chinese Taipei are subject to safeguard measures according to Decree No. 95/6815 
which also includes relevant provisions of Council reg. (EC) No. 3951/92  
Autonomous 
arrangements on textile 
imports Council reg. (EC) 
No. 517/94 Decree No. 95/6816 Regulation on Surveillance and Safeguard Measures for the 
Imports of Textile Products Originating in Certain Countries Not Covered by 
Bilateral Agreements, Protocols or Other Arrangements, and Other Arrangements (Official Gazette  No. 22300 of 1 June 1995) repealed by Official Gazette  No. 23212 
of 26 Dec. 1997 
Standardization for 
foreign trade  The Standardization Regime was renewed by Decree No. 96/7794 on the Regime for 
Technical Regulations and Standardization for Foreign Trade ( Official Gazette  
No. 22451(bis)  of 1 Feb. 1996) 
General Product Safety 
 Council Directive (EEC) 
No. 92/59 
Council Directive (EEC) No. 93/465 Council Directive (EEC) 
No. 98/34 Law No. 4703 Law Relating to the Preparation and Implementation of the Technical 
Legislation on the Products ( Official Gazette  No. 24459 of 11 July 2001) 
Decree No. 2001/3529 Regulation Relating to the Market Surveillance and Inspection of the Products. ( Official Gazette  No. 24643 of 17 Jan. 2002)  
Decree No. 2001/3530 Regulation on the Affixing and Use of the CE  
Conformity Marking on the Products ( Official Gazette  No. 24643 of 17 Jan. 2002) 
Regulation on the Notification of the Technical Legislation and Standards between Turkey and the European Union ( Official Gazette  No. 24715 of 3 April 2002)  
Preferential regime of 
the community  FTAs have been signed with EFTA States (1991), Israel (1996), Hungary (1997), 
Romania (1997), Czech and Slovak Republics (1997), Lithuania (1997), Estonia 
(1997), Latvia (1998), Slovenia (1998), and Bulgaria (1998);  negotiations are 
continuing with Poland;  preliminary talks continue with Morocco, Tunisia, and 
Egypt. Turkey has started the preparatory works to adopt the autonomous preferential regimes (Lomé Convention, GSP) of the EU.  
Inward processing regime Council reg. (EEC) 
No. 2913/92 and Commission reg. (EEC) 
No. 2454/93 Decree No. 95/7615 on Inward Processing Regime ( Official Gazette  No. 22510 of 
31 Dec. 1995) Communication ( Official Gazette  No. 22514 of 5 Jan. 1996) 
  Table AII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 128 
 
 
Area EU legislation Corresponding legislation  enacted by Turkey 
Outward processing 
regime Council reg. (EEC) 
No. 2913/92 and 
Commission reg. (EEC) No. 2454/93 Decree No. 95/7617 on Outward Processing Regime ( Official Gazette  No. 22510 of 
31 Dec. 1995) 
Communication ( Official Gazette  No. 22533 of 24 Jan. 1996) 
Outward processing 
regime for textile and 
clothing products (economic OPT regime) Council reg. (EC) 
No. 3036/94 and 
Commission reg. (EC) No. 3017/95 Decree No. 96/8703 on Economic Outward Processing Arrangements Applicable to 
Certain Textiles and Clothing Products Reimported into Turkey After Processing in 
Certain Third Countries ( Official Gazette  of 29 Dec. 1996) 
Implementation Regulation ( Official Gazette  of 3 Jan. 1997) 
Prohibition of release 
for free circulation of 
counterfeit goods Council reg. (EC) 
No. 3842/86 and 
Commission reg. (EC) 
No. 3077/87 Decree Law 564 on the Amendment of Customs Code ( Official Gazette  No. 2355, 
26.7.1995, Article 21) 
Implementing Regulation ( Official Gazette  No. 22508 of 29 Dec. 1995, Articles 36;  
36a), b), c);  37;  37a)) in the Implementing Regulation Turkey has taken into 
consideration the Council Regulations (EC) No. 3298/94 and No. 1367/95, since the reference Regulations No. 3842/86 and No. 3077/87 had been repealed by the recent ones 
Competition (the protection of 
competition) Rome Treaty Articles 81-82 
Council reg. (EEC) 
No. 4064/89 The Act on the Protection of Competition No. 4054 
Communiqué No: 1997/1 on the Mergers and Acquisitions Calling for the 
Authorisation of the Competition Board, amended by Communiqués No: 1998/2, 
1998/6 and 2000/2 Communiqué No. 1997/2 on the Procedures and Principles for Notification of Agreements, Concerted Practices and Decisions of Associations of Undertakings 
Pursuant to the Article 10 of the Act No. 4054, amended by Communiqué 
No. 2000/2. Communiqué No. 1997/5 on the Conclusion of the Organisation of the Competition Authority 
Communiqué No. 1997/6 on the Rights and Obligations of the Undertakings and 
Associations of Undertakings Arising from the Act No: 4054 after the Conclusion of the Organisation of the Competition Authority Communiqué No. 1998/3 on Group Exemption Regarding Distribution and Servicing 
Agreements in Relation to Motor Vehicles, amended by Communiqué No. 2000/3. 
Communiqué No. 1998/4 on the Procedures and Principles to be Followed in the Pre-Notifications and Authorisation Applications to be Submitted to the Competition Authority in order for the Acquisitions via Privatisation to gain Validity, amended by 
Communiqué No. 1998/5 
Communiqué No. 2002/2 on Group Exemption Regarding Vertical Agreements 
State aid Rome Treaty Articles 92-94 The Association Council Decision No. 1/95 establishing the Customs Union between 
Turkey and EU has foreseen adaptation of legislation concerning state aids with the 
EU guidelines and framework. By the confirmation of Turkey’s candidacy status in the Helsinki Summit in 1999, a new stage requiring adoption of the acquis 
communitaire  in the field of state aids has begun   
Protection of 
intellectual, industrial 
and commercial 
property rights Several agreements and 
Council regulations and 
directives Decree No. 95/544 on the Establishment of the Turkish Patent Institute 
Law No. 4117 on adoption to Paris Act (1971) 
Law No. 4116 on adoption to Rome Convention (1961) 
Decree No. 95/7094 on adoption to Nice Agreement Law No. 4115 on adoption to Patent Cooperation Treaty (1970) 
Decree No. 95/7094 on adoption to Vienna Agreement  
Decree No. 95/7094 on adoption to Strasbourg Agreement Decree No. 5903 on adoption of Stockholm Text of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property Law No. 4128 on the Arrangement of the Penalty 
Provisions (Accepted on Nove mber 7, 1995 a nd amended by the Decrees No. 551, 
556, 564 and 565 on the Patents, Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications respectively, regarding to penal sanctions) Decree No. 97/9731 on adoption to Budapest Agreement, Locarno Agreement and 
Madrid Protocol 
Law No. 4504 on adoption to European Patent Convention.Law No. 4110 amending Several Provisions of the Law No. 5846 on the Intellectual and Artistic Works Act (1995) 
Decree No. 95/551 on the Protection of Patent Rights 
Decree No. 556 on the Protection of Trademarks Decree No. 554 on the Protection of Industrial Designs Decree No. 555 on the Protection of Geographical Indicators 
Protection of consumers  Law No. 4077 on the Protection of Consumers 
Implementation Regulations 
 
 
Source:  Information provided by the Turkish authorities. Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 129 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Products subject to non- ad valorem  tariffs, September 2003 
HS code Description Duty Ad valorem 
equivalent 
Compound duties:    
040310 Yoghurt   
040310511000  8.3 + 142.31€/100kg/net .. 
040310519000  8.3 + 142.31€/100kg/net 27.1 
040310531000  8.3 + 142.31€/100kg/net .. 
040310539000  8.3 + 142.31€/100kg/net 122.2 
040310591000  8.3 + 176.24€/100kg/net .. 
040310599000  8.3 + 176.24€/100kg/net .. 
040310911000  8.3 + 21.05€/100kg/net .. 
040310919000  8.3 + 21.05€/100kg/net 25.4 
040310931000  8.3 + 26.21€/100kg/net 13.7 
040310939000  8.3 + 26.21€/100kg/net 16.8 
040310991000  8.3 + 34.82€/100kg/net .. 
040310999000  8.3 + 34.82€/100kg/net 31.2 
040390 Buttermilk, curdled milk and cream, kephir and other 
fermented or acidified milk and cream, whether or not 
concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening 
matter or flavoured or containing added fruit, nuts or cocoa.  .. 
040390711000  8.3 + 140.9€/100kg/net .. 
040390719000  8.3 + 140.9€/100kg/net 135.7 
040390731000  8.3 + 142.31€/100kg/net .. 
040390739000  8.3 + 142.31€/100kg/net .. 
040390791000  8.3 + 176.24€/100kg/net .. 
040390799000  8.3 + 176.24€/100kg/net .. 
040390911000  8.3 + 21.05€/100kg/net 16.1 
040390919000  8.3 + 21.05€/100kg/net 21.4 
040390931000  8.3 + 26.21€/100kg/net .. 
040390939000  8.3 + 26.21€/100kg/net .. 
040390991000  8.3 + 34.82€/100kg/net .. 
040390999000  8.3 + 34.82€/100kg/net 40.3 
071040000000 Sweet corn 5.1 + 2.91€/100kg/net 9.8 
071190 Other vegetables; mixtures of vegetables  .. 
071190300000  5.1 + 2.91€/100kg/net 8.1 
151710 Margarine, excluding liquid margarine  .. 
151710100000  8.3 + 25.82€/100kg/net 20.4 
151790 Other  .. 
151790100000  8.3 + 25.82€/100kg/net 22.2 
170250000000 Chemically pure fructose 16.0 + 6.96€/100kg/net 19.5 
170410 Chewing gum, whether or not sugar-coated  .. 
170410110000  6.2 + 72.74€/100kg/net 23.5 
170410190000  6.2 + 94.3€/100kg/net 45.3 
170410910000  6.3 + 79.814€/100kg/net 25.4 
170410990000  6.3 + 72.99€/100kg/net 20.4 
170490 Other  .. 
170490300000  9.1 + 89.67€/100kg/net 42.7 
180610 Cocoa powder, containing added sugar or other sweetening 
matter  .. 
180610200000  8.0 + 68.4€/100kg/net 44.8 
180610300000  8.0 + 71.71€/100kg/net 64.87 
180610900000  8.0 + 106.68€/100kg/net 39.13 
190190 Other  .. 
190190110000  5.1 + 35.45€/100kg/net 29.5 
190190190000  5.1 + 21.85€/100kg/net 19.3 
190211 Containing eggs  .. 
190211000011  7.7 + 10.67€/100kg/net 15.1 
190211000019  7.7 + 10.67€/100kg/net 15.1 
190219 Other  .. 
190219100000  7.7 + 10.67€/100kg/net 16.9 
190219900011  7.7 + 11.37€/100kg/net 16.9 
190219900012  7.7 + 11.37€/100kg/net 20.9 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 130 
 
 
HS code Description Duty Ad valorem 
equivalent 
190219900019  7.7 + 11.37€/100kg/net 22.5 
190220 Stuffed pasta, whether or not cooked or otherwise prepared  .. 
190220910000  8.3 + 50.89€/100kg/net 31.9 
190220990000  8.3 + 48.89€/100kg/net 22.2 
190230 Other pasta  .. 
190230100000  6.4 + 40.27€/100kg/net 13.3 
190230900000  6.4 + 39.01€/100kg/net 22.9 
190240 Couscous  .. 
190240100000  7.7 + 10.67€/100kg/net 21.6 
190240900000  6.4 + 30.21€/100kg/net 15.9 
190300000000 Tapioca and substitutes therefore prepared from starch, in the 
form of flakes, grains, pearls, siftings or in similar forms. 6.4 + 18.88€/100kg/net 10.7 
190410 Prepared foods obtained by the swelling or roasting of cereals 
or cereal products 3.8 + 55.63€/100kg/net 23.3 
190410109000  3.8 + 55.63€/100kg/net 32.3 
190410301000  5.1 + 44.21€/100kg/net 17.7 
190410309000  5.1 + 44.21€/100kg/net 18.7 
190410901000  5.1 + 62.62€/100kg/net 19.1 
190410909000  5.1 + 62.62€/100kg/net 25.2 
190420 Prepared foods obtained from unroasted cereal flakes or from 
mixtures of unroasted cereal flakes and roasted cereal flakes 
or swelled cereals  .. 
190420911000  3.8 + 55.63€/100kg/net 27.2 
190420919000  3.8 + 55.63€/100kg/net 24.8 
190420951000  5.1 + 44.21€/100kg/net .. 
190420959000  5.1 + 44.21€/100kg/net 13.1 
190420991000  5.1 + 62.62€/100kg/net 27.8 
190420999000  5.1 + 62.62€/100kg/net 43.3 
190430000000 Bulgur wheat 8.3 + 22.33€/100kg/net .. 
190490 Other  .. 
190490101000  8.3 + 59.0€/100kg/net 46.9 
190490109000  8.3 + 53.3€/100kg/net 27.9 
190490801000  8.3 + 22.33€/100kg/net 27.4 
190490809000  8.3 + 22.33€/100kg/net 19.4 
190510000000 Crispbread 5.8 + 37.91€/100kg/net 20.8 
190520 Gingerbread and the like  .. 
190520100000  9.4 + 85.45€/100kg/net 33.6 
190520300000  9.8 + 79.82€/100kg/net 23.7 
190520900000  10.1 + 93.89€/100kg/net 29.7 
190590 Other  .. 
190590100000  3.8 + 62.17€/100kg/net 23.2 
190590200011  4.5 + 49.1€/100kg/net .. 
190590200012  4.5 + 49.1€/100kg/net .. 
190590200013  4.5 + 49.1€/100kg/net .. 
190590200014  4.5 + 49.1€/100kg/net .. 
190590200019  4.5 + 49.1€/100kg/net 22.9 
200190 Other  .. 
200190300000  5.1 + 28.43€/100kg/net 32.6 
200190400000  8.3 + 16.46€/100kg/net 26.6 
200490 Other vegetables and mixtures of vegetables  .. 
200490100000  5.1 + 24.69€/100kg/net 28.2 
2005800000 00 Sweet corn (zea mays var. sa ccharata) 5.1 + 22.9€/100kg/net 24.1 
200899 Other  .. 
200899850000  5.1 + 49.77€/100kg/net 55.5 
200899910000  8.3 + 37.37€/100kg/net 16.1 
210130 Roasted chicory and other roasted coffee substitutes, and 
extracts, essences and concentrates thereof  .. 
210130190000  5.1 + 108.32€/100kg/net 12.1 
210130990000  10.8 + 92.5€/100kg/net 27.6 
210210 Active yeasts  .. 
210210310000  12.0 + 59.4€/100kg/net 31.8 
210210390000  12.0 + 12.47€/100kg/net 31.8 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 131 
 
 
HS code Description Duty Ad valorem 
equivalent 
210500 Ice cream and other edible ice, whether or not containing 
cocoa  .. 
210500101000  8.6 + 64.3€/100kg/net 49.9 
210500109000  8.6 + 64.3€/100kg/net 30.6 
210500911000  8.0 + 90.46€/100kg/net 44.4 
210500919000  8.0 + 90.46€/100kg/net 47.7 
210500991000  7.9 + 57.13€/100kg/net 17.2 
210500999000  7.9 + 57.13€/100kg/net 29.4 
210690 Other  .. 
210690100000  8.3 + 85.38€/100kg/net 28.8 
220290 Other  .. 
220290910000  6.4 + 51.23€/100kg/net 39.0 
220290950000  5.5 + 40.79€/100kg/net 32.9 
220290990000  5.4 + 47.44€/100kg/net 16.8 
380910 With a basis of amylaceous substances  .. 
380910100000  8.3 + 2.76€/100kg/net 9.8 
380910300000  8.3 + 3.84€/100kg/net 9.9 
380910500000  8.3 + 4.68€/100kg/net 11.0 
380910900000  8.3 + 3.67€/100kg/net 15.5 
350510 Dextrins and other modified starches  .. 
350510100000  9.0 + 1.76€/100kg/net 12.2 
350510900011  9.0 + 4.3€/100kg/net 12.4 
350510900019  9.0 + 3.0€/100kg/net 13.7 
350520 Glues  .. 
350520101000  8.3 +1.39€/100kg/net 9.0 
350520109000  8.3 +1.39€/100kg/net 9.1 
350520301000  8.3 +2.76€/100kg/net 9.3 
350520309000  8.3 +2.76€/100kg/net 9.9 
350520501000  8.3 + 4.39€/100kg/net 11.0 
350520509000  8.3 + 4.39€/100kg/net 11.7 
350520901000  8.3 + 5.49€/100kg/net 12.2 
350520909000  8.3 +5.49€/100kg/net 14.3 
Mixed duties:    
210690 Other  .. 
210690200000  17.3 M İN 1.0 €/ %vol/hl .. 
330210 Of a kind used in the food or drink industries  .. 
330210100000  17.3 MIN 1.0 €/ %vol/hl 17.3 
570110 Of wool or fine animal hair  .. 
570110910011  8.2 Max 2.8 €/m2 8.2 
570110910012  8.2 Max 2.8 €/m2 8.2 
570110930011  8.2 Max 2.8 €/m2 8.2 
570110930012  8.2 Max 2.8 €/m2 8.2 
570110990000  8.2 Max 2.8 €/m2 8.2 
700312 Coloured throughout the mass (body tinted), opacified, 
flashed or having an absorbent, reflecting or non-reflecting 
layer  .. 
700312990000  3.8 MIN 0.6 €/100 Kg/br 3.8 
700319 Other  … 
700319901011  3.8 MIN 0.6 €/100 Kg/br 3.8 
700319901012  3.8 MIN 0.6 €/100 Kg/br 3.8 
700319901019  3.8 MIN 0.6 €/100 Kg/br 3.8 
700319909000  3.8 MIN 0.6 €/100 Kg/br 3.8 
700320 Wired sheets  .. 
700320001000  3.8 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 3.8 
700320009000  3.8 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 3.8 
700420 Glass, coloured throughout the mass (body tinted), opacified, 
flashed or having an absorbent, reflecting or non-reflecting layer  .. 
700420991000  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
700420999011  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
700420999012  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
700420999013  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 132 
 
 
HS code Description Duty Ad valorem 
equivalent 
700420999014  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
700490 Other glass  .. 
700490700000  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
700490921000  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
700490929000  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
700490981000  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
700490989000  4.4 MIN 0.4 €/100 Kg/br 4.4 
701690 Other  .. 
701690800011  3 MIN 1.2 €/100 Kg/br 3.0 
701690800012  3 MIN 1.2 €/100 Kg/br 3.0 
701690800013  3 MIN 1.2 €/100 Kg/br 3.0 
701690800019  3 MIN 1.2 €/100 Kg/br 3.0 
910111000000 With mechanical display only 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910112000000 With opto-electronic display only 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910119000000 Other 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910121000000 With automatic winding 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910129000000 Other 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910191 Electrically operated  .. 
910191000011  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910191000012  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910191000019  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910199 Other  .. 
910199000011  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910199000012  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910199000019  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910211000000 With mechanical display only 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910212000000 With opto-electronic display only 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910219000000 Other 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910221000000 With automatic winding 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910229000000 Other 4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910291 Electrically operated  .. 
910291000011  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910291000012  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910291000019  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910299 Other  .. 
910299000011  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910299000012  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910299000019  4.5 MIN 0.3 € Adet MAX 0.8 € Adet 4.5 
910820000000 With automatic winding 5.0 MIN 0.17 € Adet 5.0 
910890000000 Other 5.0 MIN 0.17 € Adet 5.0 
911011 Complete movements, unassembled or partly assembled 
(movement sets)  .. 
911011100000  5.0 MIN 0.17 € Adet 5.0 
911110000000 Cases of precious metal or of metal clad  with precious metal 0.5 € Adet MIN 2.7 MAX 4.6 4.6 
911120 Cases of base metal, whether or not gold- or silver-plated  .. 
911120100000  0.5 € Adet MIN 2.7 MAX 4.6 4.6 
911120900000  0.5 € Adet MIN 2.7 MAX 4.6 4.6 
911180000000 Other cases 0.5 € Adet MIN 2.7 MAX 4.6 4.6 
911190000000 Parts 0.5 € Adet MIN 2.7 MAX 4.6 4.6 
Formula duties:    
040520 Dairy spreads  .. 
040520100000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
040520300000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490 Other  .. 
170490510000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490550000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490610011  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490610019  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490650011  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490650012  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490650019  9.0 + T 1 … 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 133 
 
 
HS code Description Duty Ad valorem 
equivalent 
170490710000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490750000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490810000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490991011  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490991019  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490992000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490993000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490994000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490999011  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490999012  9.0 + T 1 .. 
170490999019  9.0 + T 1 .. 
180620 Other preparations in blocks, slabs or bars weighing more 
than 2 kg or in liquid, paste, powder, granular or other bulk 
form in containers or immediate packings, of a content 
exceeding 2 kg  .. 
180620100000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180620300000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180620500000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180620700000  15.4 + T 1 .. 
180620800000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180620950000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180631 Filled  .. 
180631000011  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180631000019  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180632 Not filled  .. 
180632100000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180632900000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180690 Other  .. 
180690110000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180690190000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180690310000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180690390000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180690500000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180690600000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180690700000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
180690900000  8.3 + T 1 .. 
190110 Preparations for infant use, put up for retail sale  .. 
190110001900  7.6 + T 1 .. 
190110002000  7.6 + T 1 .. 
190110009000  7.6 + T 1 .. 
190120 Mixes and doughs for the preparation of bakers wares of 
heading no. 19.05  .. 
190120001000  7.6 + T 1 .. 
190120002000  7.6 + T 1 .. 
190120009000  7.6 + T 1 .. 
190190 Other  .. 
190190991000  7.6 + T 2 .. 
190190992000  7.6 + T 2 .. 
190190999019  7.6 + T 2 .. 
190420 Prepared foods obtained from unroasted cereal flakes or from 
mixtures of unroasted cereal flakes and roasted cereal flakes 
or swelled cereals  .. 
190420100000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190531   .. 
190531110000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190531190000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190531300000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190531910000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190531990019  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190532 Waffles and wafers  .. 
190532110000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190532190000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 134 
 
 
HS code Description Duty Ad valorem 
equivalent 
190532910000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190532990019  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190540 Rusks, toasted bread and similar toasted products  .. 
190540100000  9.7 + T 1 .. 
190540900000  9.7 + T 1 .. 
190590 Other  .. 
190590300000  9.7 + T 1 .. 
190590400000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590450000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590550000  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590600011  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590600012  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590600013  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590600014  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590600019  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590900011  9.0 + T 1 .. 
190590900019  9.0 + T 1 .. 
200410 Potatoes  .. 
200410911000  7.6 + T 1 .. 
200410912000  7.6 + T 1 .. 
200520 Potatoes  .. 
200520101000  8.8 + T 1 .. 
200520102000  8.8 + T 1 .. 
210112 Preparations with a basis of extracts, essences or concentrates 
or with a basis of coffee  .. 
210112981000  9.0 + T 2 .. 
210112989000  9.0 + T 2 .. 
210120 Extracts, essences and concentrates, of tea or mat, and 
preparations with a basis of these extracts, essences or 
concentrates or with a basis of tea or mat  .. 
210120980000  6.5 + T 2 .. 
210610 Protein concentrates and textured protein substances  .. 
210610800019  9.0 + T 2 .. 
210690 Other  .. 
210690980012  9.0 + T 1 .. 
210690980013  9.0 + T 1 .. 
210690980014  9.0 + T 1 .. 
210690980015  9.0 + T 1 .. 
210690980019  9.0 + T 1 .. 
330210 Of a kind used in the food or drink industries  .. 
330210290000  9.0 + T 2 .. 
   … 
Specific duties:    
220510 In containers holding 2 litres or less  .. 
220510100000  10.9 €/hl .. 
220510900011  0.9 €/%vol/hl + 6.4 €/hla .. 
220510900012  0.9 €/%vol/hl + 6.4 €/hla .. 
220590 Other  .. 
220590100000  9.0 €/hl .. 
220590900011  0.9 €/%vol/hl .. 
220590900012  0.9 €/%vol/hl .. 
220710 Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume 
of 80 % vol. or higher  .. 
220710009000  19.2 €/hl .. 
220720 Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength  .. 
220720009011  10.2 €/hl .. 
220720009012  10.2 €/hl .. 
220840 Rum and tafia  .. 
220840110000  0.6 €/%vol/hl + 3.2 €/hla .. 
220840390011  0.6 €/%vol/hl + 3.2 €/hla .. 
220840390012  0.6 €/%vol/hl + 3.2 €/hla .. 
220840510000  0.6 €/%vol/hl .. 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 135 
 
 
HS code Description Duty Ad valorem 
equivalent 
220840990000  0.6 €/%vol/hl .. 
220890 Other  .. 
220890919000  1.0 €/%vol/hl + 6.4 €/hla .. 
220890999000  1.0 €/%vol/hl .. 
250100 Salt (including table salt and denatured salt) and pure sodium 
chloride, whether or not in aqueous solution or containing 
added anti-caking or free-fl owing agents; sea water.  .. 
250100510000  1.7 €/1000 kg/net 4.7 
250100910011  2.6 €/1000 kg/net 0.3 
250100910012  2.6 €/1000 kg/net 0.2 
250100910019  2.6 €/1000 kg/net 0.1 
250100991000  2.6 €/1000 kg/net 0.7 
250100999011  2.6 €/1000 kg/net 20.9 
250100999012  2.6 €/1000 kg/net 0.0 
250100999013  2.6 €/1000 kg/net 0.6 
370610 Of a width of 35 mm or more  .. 
370610991000  5.0 Є/100 M 19.2 
370610992000  5.0 Є/100 M 25.0 
370690 Other  n.a 
370690991000  3.5 Є/100 M 6.4 
370690992000  3.5 Є/100 M 1.9 
 
.. Not available.  
 
a The first component refers to the alcohol content of th e beverage;  the second refers to its absolute volume. 
 
Note: T1 and T2 refer to formula duties that  depend on the product's content of milk fa t, milk proteins, and starch/glucose.  F ormula T1 
 is used to calculate the MFN duty on products covere d by the CUD.  T2 is used for other products.   
 
Source:  Information provided by the Turkish authorities. WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 136 
 
 
Table AIII.2 
MFN tariffs, by HS 2-digit, 2003 
(Per cent and US$ million) 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation 2002 
Imports 
 (Per cent)   (US$ million)
       
 Total 19,478  11.8  0-227.5 25.8  48,613.5  
       
01 Live animals 120  54.7  0-136.5 58.1  15.9  
02 Meat and edible meat offal 243  140.0  24-227.5 75.4  0.1  
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 484  31.7  0-37.5 6.0  18.3  
04 Dairy produce; birds' eggs; natural honey; edible 
products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or 
included 229  91.3  0-170 52.6  37.2  
05 Products of animal origin not elsewhere specified or 
included 47  3.7  0-20 5.9  26.6  
06 Live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; 
cut flowers and ornamental foliage 52  19.5  4-47.3 19.8  12.3  
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 168  21.3  0-50 10.0  52.1  
08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruits or melons 201  43.0  15.8-
147.4 20.5  64.5  
09 Coffee, tea, mate and spices 54  35.7  0-145 32.1  22.8  
10 Cereals 64  35.3  0-85 21.0  357.8  
11 Products of the milling industry; malt; starches; 
inulin; wheat gluten 120  40.5  4-82 13.7  9.4  
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, 
seeds and fruit; industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder 134  16.9  0-35 9.7  256.7  
13 Lacs; gums, resins and other vegetable saps and 
extracts 47  2.1  0-25 5.9  25.3  
14 Vegetable plaiting material s; vegetable products not 
elsewhere specified or included 27  - 0-0 - 1.8  
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage 
products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 240  20.0  0-50 11.5  401.6  
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 146  102.0  54.6-
122.8 24.7  0.5  
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery  68  36.5  0-136.5 43.4  19.5  
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 29  12.7  0-64.87 13.7  103.2  
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; 
pastrycooks' products 88  15.4  4.5-46.9 9.9  32.3  
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of 
plants 390  56.6  0-137.4 16.3  17.2  
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 71  14.6  0-50 13.4  133.1  
22 Beverages, spirits and vine gar 197  41.0  0-70 33.1  10.4  
23 Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared 
animal fodder 84  7.6  0-13.6 4.5  142.2  
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco s ubstitutes 204  26.9  10-74.9 9.4  207.9  
25 Salt; sulphur; earths and stone; plastering material, 
lime and cement 199  0.3  0-20.9 1.6  128.7  
26 Ores, slag and ash 95  0.2  0-12.5 1.3  183.9  
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 171  1.3  0-8 1.8   7,109.8  
28 Inorganic chemicals: orga nic or inorganic compounds 
of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes 557  4.4  0-7.2 1.9  430.4  
29 Organic chemicals 1,674  3.4  0-9.6 2.7   1,786.5  
30 Pharmaceutical products 246  - 0-0 -  1,435.5  
31 Fertilizers 61  4.4  0-7 2.8  262.3  
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their 
derivatives; dyes,pigments and others colouring 
matter; paints and varnishes; putty and other mastics; inks 111  5.0  0-6.5 2.1  678.2  
33 Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or 
toilet preparations 83  2.6  0-17.3 3.3  289.4  
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 137 
 
 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation 2002 
Imports 
 (Per cent)   (US$ million)
34 Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing 
preparations, lubricant prep arations, artificial waxes, 
prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, 
candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, dental waxes' and dental prepar ations with a basis of 66  1.9  0-6.5 2.2  183.7  
35 Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; 
enzymes 52  4.2  0-7.8 2.4  119.4  
36 Explosives; pyrotechnic products; matches; 
pyrophoric alloys; certain combustible preparations 25  6.3  5.7-6.5 0.3  7.4  
37 Photographic or cinematographi c goods 83  5.1  0-25 3.6  133.0  
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 211  4.7  0-15.5 2.2  579.0  
39 Plastics and articles thereof 358  4.7  0-7.5 2.6   2,375.1  
40 Rubber and articles thereof 212  2.2  0-6.5 1.9  522.3  
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins ) and leather 163  1.4  0-6.5 2.4  616.3  
42 Articles of leather; saddler y and harness; travel goods, 
handbags and similar containe rs; articles of animal 
gut (other than silk-worm gut) 81  4.4  1.7-9.7 2.1  69.7  
43 Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof 51  1.6  0-3.7 1.4  120.0  
44 Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 295  1.8  0-10 2.8  229.1  
45 Cork and articles of cork 16  3.4  0-4.7 2.0  2.8  
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other plaiting 
materials; basketware and wickerwork 19  2.8  0-4.7 1.2  4.0  
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; 
waste and scrap of pa per or paperboard 39  - 0-0 - 191.1  
48 Paper and paperboard; article s of paper pulp, of paper 
or of paperboard 343  0.7  0-1.6 0.4  854.3  
49 Printed books, newspapers , pictures and other 
products of the printing industry; manuscripts, 
typescripts and plans 85  0.2  0-0.8 0.3  81.5  
50 Silk 56  4.6  0-7.5 2.9  9.3  
51 Wool, fine or coarse anim al hair; horsehair yarn and 
woven fabric 239  3.1  0-8.9 3.7  259.9  
52 Cotton 891  7.1  0-8.2 2.1   1,288.5  
53 Other vegetable textile fibres; paper yarn and woven 
fabrics of paperyarn 71  4.0  0-8.6 3.4  83.1  
54 Man-made filaments 335  6.3  1.05-8.3 2.2  749.6  
55 Man-made staple fibres 276  7.1  1.68-8.3 1.8  855.1  
56 Wadding, felt and non-wovens; special yarns; twine, 
cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof 120  5.8  0.7-12 2.9  115.6  
57 Carpets and other textile floor cove rings 79  7.5  3. 3-8.6 1.5  57.5  
58 Special woven fabrics; tufted textile fabrics; lace; 
tapestries; trimmings; embroidery 136  7.8  5-8.7 1.1  195.5  
59 Impregnated, coated, cove red or laminated textile 
fabrics; textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial 
use 88  6.2  2-8.6 1.7  101.2  
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 74  8.3  6.5-8. 4 0.3  104.5  
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or 
crocheted 447  11.9  8-12.2 0.9  90.7  
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not 
knitted or crochet 543  11.7  6.3-12.2 1.4  147.3  
63 Other made up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and 
worn textile articles; rags 199  10.2  0-12.2 3.2  25.3  
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of  such articles 159  8.9  3-17 5.5  116.2  
65 Headgear and parts thereof 27  2.6  0-5.7 1.2  4.6  
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-sticks, 
whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 11  4.3  2.7-5.2 1.0  4.8  
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down; artificial flowers; articles of human hair 17  3.1  1.7-4.7 1.2  8.2  
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or 
similar materials 116  1.3  0-3.7 1.1  101.9  
69 Ceramic products 138  4.2  0-12 2.6  99.3  
70 Glass and glassware 213  4.2  0-11 2.7  168.4  
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious 
stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious 
metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 104  1.0  0-4 1.6   1,473.0  
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 138 
 
 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation 2002 
Imports 
 (Per cent)   (US$ million)
72 Iron and steel 763  8.2  0-30 8.9   2,878.9  
73 Articles of iron or steel 370  2.2  0-15 1.7  677.2  
74 Copper and articles thereof 128  3.6  0-5.2 1.9  437.5  
75 Nickel and articles thereof 35  0.8  0-3.3 1.4  26.1  
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 111  6.2  0-10 2.3  525.3  
78 Lead and articles thereof 16  3.1  0-5 2.1  36.9  
79 Zinc and articles thereof 25  3.3  0-5 1.4  88.4  
80 Tin and articles thereof 23  - 0-0 - 8.3  
81 Other base metals; cermets; article s thereof 138  2.5  0-9 2.5  11.8  
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base 
metal; parts thereof of base metal 181  3.0  1.7-8.5 1.6  132.6  
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 80  2.1  0-3.7 1.1  156.5  
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical 
appliances; parts thereof 1,597  1.8  0-9.7 1.4   8,049.7  
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts 
thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television 
image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 1,152  2.5  0-14 3.0   4,356.8  
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and 
parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including 
electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of 
all kinds 64  1.9  0-3.7 0.6  39.5  
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-
stock, and parts and accessories thereof 327  6.4  0-22 4.9   2,325.1  
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts th ereof 70  1.4  0- 7.7 1.8  227.2  
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 65  0.7  0-2.7 1.0  498.1  
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, 
checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 620  1.7  0-6.7 1.7   1,080.7  
91 Clocks and watches and parts th ereof 81  4.3  0-6 1.2  76.2  
92 Musical instruments; parts and accessories of such 
articles 48  3.2  1.7-4 0.4  10.6  
93 Arms and ammunition; parts and accessories thereof 37  2.3  0-3.2 1.0  129.9  
94 Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, 
cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or 
included; illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates 
and the like; prefabricated buildings 183  2.3  0-5.7 1.6  175.9  
95 Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and 
accessories thereof 85  2.2  0-4.7 1.5  78.2  
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 124  3.1  0-7.7 1.5  161.9  
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces  and antiques 13  - 0-0 - 2.4  
 
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by the Turkish authorities;  and UNSD, Comtrade database. Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 139 
 
 
Table AIII.3  
Key features of the export credit and guarantee programmes, September 2003 
Scheme Eligibility Conditions Amount of credit 
(US$ million) 
1997: 732.0 
1998: 855.0 
1999: 958.5 
2000: 736.0 
2001: 595.8 
2002: 576.3 1. Pre-Shipment Turkish Lira 
Export Credit Programme  
(PSEC TL) Exporters, 
manufacturer-exporters Interest rate:  determined by Turk Eximbank in 
accordance with developmen ts in money markets 
and varies according to repayment period plus 
intermediation chargesa 
Maturity maximum  360 days 
Maximum 100% of f.o.b. export commitments and 
TL 6 trillion per company 
2003h: 489.3 
1997: 214.0 
1998: 311.5 
1999: 424.0 
2000: 358.4 
2001: 292.0 
2002: 315.2 1.a Pre-Shipment Small and 
Medium-Scale Enterprises 
Export Credit Programmeb Small and medium-
scale manufacturer-
exporters of up to 
200 employees  whose 
fixed asset capital is 
less than US$2 million Same as PSEC TL 
2003h: 243.8 
1997: 39.0 
1998: 67.4 
1999: 85.4 
2000: 88.9 
2001: 69.7 
2002: 57.1 1.b PSEC-Priority 
Development Areas Export Credit Programme
b Priority development 
areas (mainly eastern 
and south-eastern 
provinces) Interest rate slightly lowe r than PSEC TL for credit 
demands up to US$500,000. For credit demands over that amount, it is the same as PSEC TL 
2003
h: 49.8 
1997: 1,126.0 
1998: 1,196.8 
1999: 1,154.1 
2000: 1,443.5 
2001: 1,166.8 
2002: 797.9 2. Pre-Shipment Foreign 
Currency Export Credit 
Programme  (PSEC FX) Exporters, 
manufacturer-exporters Interest rate:  varies in  accordance with repayment 
period and is linked to LIBOR/  EURIBOR/STG 
LIBOR/TIBOR 
c 
Maturity maximum 360  days Maximum 100% of f.o.b. export commitments 
Maximum US$10 million per company 
2003
h: 597.0 
1997: 126.0 
1998: 188.3 
1999: 209.7 
2000: 194.8 
2001: 151.5 
2002: 279.2 3. Foreign Trade  Companies 
(FTC) Short-Term Turkish 
Lira Export Credit 
Programme All companies that 
qualify as foreign trade 
corporate companies (FTCC) or have been 
granted sectoral foreign 
trade companies (SFTC)
d status by 
Treasury Interest rate:  determined by Turk Eximbank in 
accordance with developmen ts in money markets 
and varies according to repayment period Maturity maximum 180  days Maximum 100% of f.o.b. export commitments 
2003
h: 249.2 
1997: 415.0 
1998: 436.2 
1999: 335.3 
2000: 500.5 
2001: 289.8 
2002: 257.5 4. Foreign Trade Companies 
Short-Term Foreign 
Currency Export Credit Programme All companies that 
qualify for FTCC or 
SFTC
d status by 
Treasury Interest rate:  varies in  accordance with repayment 
period and is linked to LIBOR/  EURIBOR/STG 
LIBOR/TIBOR  
Maturity maximum 180 days 
Maximum 100% of f.o.b. export commitments 
2003h: 156.5 
1997: 85.0 
1998: 212.0 
1999: 313.7 
2000: 130.3 
2001: 166.8 
2002: 112.7 5. Pre-export Turkish Lira 
Credit Programmee Export-oriented 
manufacturers, 
manufacturer-exporters and exporters, except 
FTCC and SFTC, that 
have exported more than US$200,000 worth 
of goods in the previous 
year or new exporters Interest rate:  determined by Turk Eximbank in 
accordance with developmen ts in money markets 
and varies according to repayment period  Maximum 
TL 6 trillion per company 
For new exporters: Maxi mum TL equivalent of 
US$100,000 per company Maturity maximum 360 days Maximum 100% of f.o.b. export commitments 2003
h: 65.4 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 140 
 
 
Scheme Eligibility Conditions Amount of credit 
(US$ million) 
1997: 395.0 
1998: 343.2 
1999: 326.3 
2000:: 322.1 
2001: 278.5 
2002: 94.4 6. Pre-export Foreign 
Currency  Credit 
Programme Export-oriented 
manufacturers, 
manufacturer-exporters and exporters, except 
FTCC and SFTC, that 
have exported more than US$200,000  worth 
of goods in the previous 
year or new exporters Interest rate:  varies in  accordance with repayment 
period and is linked to LIBOR/EURIBOR/STG 
LIBOR/TIBOR Maturity maximum 360 days 
Maximum 100% of f.o.b. export commitments  
Maximum US$10 million per company  including 
the Pre-export Turkish Lira Credit Programme limit 
2003
h: 90.7 
1997: 12.0 
1998: 13.0 
1999: 31.7 
2000: 23.6 
2001: 18.5 
2002: 19.2 7. Short-Term Export Credit 
Discount Programme Exporters, 
manufacturer-exporters Discount rate:  LIBOR + spread 
Maturity maximum 180 days 
2003h: 11.1 
1997: 15.0 
1998: 26.1 
1999: 36.0 
2000: 5.1 
2001: 7.5 
2002: 2.0 8. Tourism Marketing Credit 
Programme Tourism  agencies 
selected by Ministry of Tourism and those 
attracting more than US$500,000 worth of 
currency to Turkey 
annually Interest rate  for TL credits:   determined by Turk 
Eximbank in accordance w ith developments in 
money markets and varies according to repayment 
period Interest rate for Foreign Currency credits:  varies in 
accordance with repayment period and is linked to 
LIBOR/EURIBOR/STG LIBOR/TIBOR Maturity maximum 12 months 
Maximum 10%of the foreign currency attracted by 
companies, but cannot exceed 80%  of total 
expenditures of the project 2003
h: 1.9 
  Tour operators and 
airlines Maximum 15% of the foreign currency attracted by 
companies, but cannot exceed 80% of total expenditures of the project. 
Interest rates up to 360 days are same as given above. 
For the maturities exceeding 360 days (up to 3 
years) is as follows: For TL credits: The current  Turk Eximbank interest 
rate for 360 days (as of the beginning of each 
interest period) plus 3% spread (calculated for each interest period) For Foreign Currency credits :  varies in accordance 
with repayment period and is linked to 
LIBOR/EURIBOR/STG LIBOR/TIBOR  
1997: 3.4 
1998: 3.1 
1999: - 
2000: - 
2001: 5.6 
2002: 2.3 9. Islamic Development Bank 
(IDB) Export Financing 
Scheme-Line Exports  particularly to 
OICe members and/or 
non-OIC members, 
min. 50% domestic 
content Interest rate: LIBOR + spread  
Maturity 12 to 60 months 
With financing rate as maximum 85% of export value   
2003
h: - 
1997: 13.0 
1998: 9.7 
1999: 7.2 
2000: 3.8 
2001: 1.2 
2002: - 10. IDB Import Trade 
Financing Operations 
(ITFO Line) Imports of raw 
materials, semi-capital 
and capital goods that are used in the 
production of export 
goods;  export 
commitment is requiredMark-up rate is EURIBOR + 3.5% for imports from 
OIC members and EURIBOR + 4.5% from non-
member countries Maturity maximum 30 months for capital goods and  
9-24 months for other goods 
Maximum 80% of import amount  
2003
h: - 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 141 
 
 
Scheme Eligibility Conditions Amount of credit 
(US$ million) 
1997: 8.0 
1998: 1.8 
1999: 10.4 
2000: 11.5 
2001: 4.2 
2002: 0.3 11. Overseas Chain Stores 
Investment Credit 
Programme Turkish entrepreneurs' 
overseas investments 
for the establishment of shopping malls and chain stores Interest rates:  determined by Turk Eximbank 
specifically for each project 
Maturity maximum 7 years 
Maximum 85%of investment amount  
2003
 h: - 
1997: 7.0 
1998: 18.6 
1999: 4.5 
2000: - 
2001: 13.8 
2002: 7.1 12. Specific Export Credit 
Programme Exporters, 
manufacturer-exporters for their foreign 
currency generating projects in Turkey or 
abroad at preshipment 
stage Terms (interest rate and maturity) are determined on 
project basis 
Average maturity 2 years 
2003
h: 7.8 
1997: 5.1 
1998: 20.8 
1999: 4.4 
2000: - 
2001: 3.2 
2002: 0.5 13. Letter of Guarantee 
Programme for 
Shipbuilding and 
Exporting Turkish firms involved 
in shipbuilding and/or 
the export of ships Maximum maturity 2 years  
The amount of letter of guarantee is determined by 
Turk Eximbank The amount of counter guarantee is determined on a project basis 
2003
h: 4.2 
1997: 113.0 
1998: 139.5 
1999: 196.5 
2000: 52.0 
2001: 22.0 
2002: 21.3 14. Buyers' Credit & 
Guarantee   Programmegg Foreign buyers of 
Turkish goods and services, min. 50% of 
Turkish content Interest rate:  depends on the recipient countries' 
relative credit risk standing Maturity 2 years or more 
Deferred payments 
Maximum 85% of the goods and services provided 
from Turkey 
2003
h: 30.5 
1997: - 
1998: - 
1999: 1.9 
2000: 20.6 
2001: 39.4 
2002: 16.3 15. Short-Term Pre-Shipment 
Rediscount Programme Exporters, 
manufacturer-exporters Discount rate:  LIBOR + spread 
Maturity maximum 180 days 
2003h: 10.5 
1997: - 
1998: - 
1999: - 
2000: - 
2001: - 
2002: 3.3 16. International 
Transportation Marketing Credit Programme International 
transportation 
companies with freight 
revenue of more than $500,000 in the 
previous year, and $1 
million in the case of international shipping companies 100% of the freight but cannot exceed TL500,000 
(road transportation), or TL 1 million (shipping) 
 Interest rate based on money market, loan 
repayment periods and cost of funding 
Maturity maximum 360 days 
2003
h 0.7 
1997: - 
1998: - 
1999: - 
2000: - 
2001: - 
2002: - 17. Credit Programme for 
Foreign Currency Earning 
Services Earning services and 
the export of services 
such as software projects, and consultancy services Terms and conditions determined on transaction 
basis 
110% of the credit including interest has to be 
collateralized 
2003
h: - 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 142 
 
 
Scheme Eligibility Conditions Amount of credit 
(US$ million) 
1997 - 
1998: - 
1999: - 
2000: - 
2001: - 
2002:: - 18. Letter of Guarantee 
Programme for Overseas 
Contractors' Services Contractors in 
international markets Guarantees and bonds are issued on behalf of 
Turkish contractors who participate in tenders 
abroad,  under the counter-guarantee of Turkish 
commercial banks 
2003h: 0.9 
1997: - 
1998: - 
1999: - 
2000: 55.4 
2001: 67.6 
2002: 97.4 19. Export Finance 
Intermediation Loan 
(EFIL) Exporters, 
manufacturer-exporters Finance with a World Bank credit line of 
US$246 million Interest rate is LIBOR+spread 
Maturity maximum 5 years 
2003: 19.3 
20. Pre-Export Small and 
Medium Scale Enterprises 
(SMSEs) Credit 
Programme Small and medium-
scale manufacturer-
exporters of up to 200 employees whose 
fixed asset capital is 
less than US$2 million Interest rate for TL credits :  determined by Turk 
Eximbank in accordance w ith developments in 
money markets and varies according to repayment period  
Interest rate for foreign currency credits:  varies in 
accordance with repayment period and is linked to LIBOR/ EURIBOR/STG LIBOR/TIBOR 
Maturity 360 days 
Maximum 100% of f.o.b. export commitments 
Maximum US$ 100,000 per company 2003 
h:  TL 
credits: 
2.7;  Foreign 
Currency 
credits: 
2.9 
 
- Zero. 
 
a Intermediation charges by commercial banks usually bring an a dditional four points to the intere st charged, while commercial 
banks are permitted to add a maximum of  two points to  the interest rates determined by Turk Eximbank. 
b These programmes are sub-programmes of PSEC TL.  A minimum of 30% of the general limit that is allocated to commercial 
banks has to be extended to small- and medium-scale enterprise s, while intermediary banks are required to extend between 5% 
and 15% of their general limit to credit dema nds for firms in priority development areas. 
c Commercial banks are permitted to add a maximum of 0.75 points per annum for foreign currency credits and 2 points per  
annum for TL credit  to the interest rates dete rmined by Turk Eximbank. 
d Foreign trade companies established by export-or iented manufacturing firms in the same sector. 
e Performance Related Export Credit Programme was renamed as Pre-export Credit Programme in April 2003. f OIC = Organization of Islamic Conference. 
g Project Credits Programme was renamed as  Buyers’ Credit and Guarantee Programme.  Projects undertaken by Turkish 
contractors abroad are mainly financed under this programme. 
h End-July 2003. 
Note: Export credit insurance has been voluntary since 17 February  1997.  However, if beneficiaries of the Pre-Shipment Export 
Credit Programmes, Foreign Trade Companies Export Credit Programmes and Performance Related Export Credit Programmes are also short-term export credit insuran ce policy holders, they receive discount on in terest rates (4 points discount on TL cr edits 
and 0.5 point discount on foreign currency credits). 
Source : Information provided by the Turkish authorities.  Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 143 
 
 
Table AIV.1 
Applied MFN tariffs, by ISIC Rev.2 category, 2003 
(Per cent and US$ million) 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation 2002 
Imports 
 (Per cent)   (US$ million)
 Total 19,478 11.8  0-227.5 25.8  48,613.5  
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 1,195 25.0  0-147.4 27.7  1,613.6  
11 Agriculture and hunting 915 28.0  0-147.4 29.7  1,507.7  
12 Forestry and logging 129 0.2  0-3.2 0.7  104.6  
121 Forestry 56 0.4  0-3.2 1.0  20.1  
122 Logging 73 0.0  0 0.0  84.5  
13 Fishing 151 28.2  5-37.5 10.7  1.3  
1301 Ocean and coastal fishing 139 28.1  5-37.5 10.8  1.0  
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 12 29.4  5-37.5 9.8  0.3  
      
2 Mining and quarrying 271 0.2  0-20.9 1.4  5,360.6  
21 Coal mining 6 0.0  0 0.0  673.4  
22 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 12 0.8  5-8 2.3  4,376.2  
23 Metal ore mining 63 0.2  0-1.5 0.4  182.0  
2301 Mining of iron ores 5 1.0  1 0.0  156.0  
2302 Non-ferrous ore mining 58 0.1  0-1.5 0.3  26.0  
29 Other mining 190 0.2  0-20.9 1.6  129.1  
2901 Mining of feldspar 95 0.0  0-1.7 0.2  56.1  
2902 Mining of fertilizer and chemical minerals 44 0.1  0-1.7 0.4  54.4  
2903 Salt mining 10 2.8  0-20.9 6.5  2.8  
2909 Mining and quarrying n.e.s. 41 0.0  0 0.0  15.7  
      
3 Manufacturing 18,011 11.1  0-227.5 25.6  41,511.1  
3 - 31 - - Manufacturing (excluding food pro cessing) 15,434 4.4  0-47.3 4.3  40,019.3  
      
31 Manufacture of food, beve rages and tobacco 2,577 51. 6  0-227.5 50. 7  1,491.9  
311 Food products 2,155 55.6  0-227.5 52.8  1,200.5  
3111 Meat products 446 101.4  0-227.5 80.4  516.4  
3112 Dairy products 214 94.4  0-170 52.5  26.4  
3113 Fruit and vegetable canning 546 46.0  0-137.4 22.5  69.6  
3114 Fish products 408 36.6  0-82.8 16.2  17.7  
3115 Manufacture of oil and fats (veg. and animal) 239 20.8  0-50 10.8  439.5  
3116 Grain mill products 174 35.7  0-82 17.2  77.7  
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 54 14.0  4.5-37 9.0  7.2  
3118 Sugar products 17 84.7  0-136.5 64.4  8.8  
3119 Cocoa and chocolate confectione ry 57 18.6  7-64.9 18.4  37.1  
312 Other food products and animal feeds 203 20.3  0-145 21.8  235.1  
3121 Other food products 150 25.3  0-145 23.3  191.6  
3122 Manufacture of animal feeds 53 6.3  0-20 4.1  43.5  
313 Beverages 205 39.8  0-70 32.8  10.5  
3131 Distillation of spirits and alcohol production 67 2.6  0-70 13.0  7.5  
3132 Manufacture of wines 112 66.1  13-70 13.7  0.3  
3133 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 12 17.8  0-23.7 10.7  0.4  
3134 Soft drinks and mineral waters 14 10.4  0-39 12.1  2.3  
314 Tobacco manufacturing 14 52.4  10-74.9 25.3  45.8  
3140 Tobacco products 14 52. 4  10-74.9 25.3  45.8  
      
32 Textile, wearing apparel and leather industries 3,787 8.1  0-17 3.4  3,597.0  
321 Textiles 2,901 7.7  0-12.2 3.1  3,009.3  
3211 Textile spinning, weaving and fini shing 1,889 6.6  0- 8.9 2.5  2,450.8  
3212 Made-up textile goods except wearing apparel 228 9.9  2- 12.2 2.9  106.0  
    Table AIV.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 144 
 
 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation 2002 
Imports 
 (Per cent)   (US$ million)
3213 Knitted and crochete d fabrics 521 11.4  6. 5-12.2 1.5  195.2  
3214 Carpets and rugs 79 7.5  3.3-8.6 1.5  57.5  
3215 Cordage, rope, etc 54 8.3  4.2-12 1.8  6.8  
3219 Textiles n.e.c. 130 5.3  0.7-8.6 2. 2  193.0  
322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except  footwear 593 11.1  0-12.2 2.6  181.9  
323 Leather products, except footwear and wearing 
apparel 163 3.3  0-9.7 2.3  332.2  
3231 Tanning and dressing of leathe r 68 3.3  0-6.5 2.7  167.9  
3232 Fur dressing and dying 35 1.9  0-3.7 1.1  118.4  
3233 Leather products except footwear 60 4.1  2-9.7 2.0  45.9  
324 Footwear, except vulcanized rubber or plastic 
footwear 130 7.7  3-17 4.8  73.7  
      
33 Wood and wood products, including furniture 288 2.2  0-10 2.6  203.5  
331 Wood and wood products, except furniture 240 2.3  0-10 2.7  96.7  
3311 Sawmills and woodmills 170 2.3  0-10 2.9  81.8  
3312 Wooden case containers and cane ware 26 2.8  0-4.7 1.4  5.3  
3319 Wood and cork products 44 1.7  0-4.7 2.1  9.6  
332 Manuf.of furniture & fixtures, except primarily of 
metal 48 1.8  0-5.6 1.8  106.8  
      
34 Paper, paper products, printing and publishing 468 0.8  0-7 1.3  1,150.0  
341 Paper products 370 1.0  0-7 1.4  1,035.2  
3411 Pulp, paper and paperboard 258 1.0  0-7 1.7  629.0  
3412 Containers, paperboxe s, paperboard 16 1.0  0.8-1.2 0.2  32.2  
3419 Articles n.e.s.(stationery) 96 0.8  0-1.5 0.5  374.0  
342 Printing and publishing and allied indu stries 98 0.3  0- 1.6 0.5  114.9  
      
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber,  plastics 3,910 3.5  0-25 2.8  11,114.7  
351 Industrial chemicals 2,510 4.1  0-17.3 2.4  5,553.9  
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 2,055 4.0  0-17.3 2.4  2,612.9  
3512 Fertilizers and pesticides  88 4.7  0-7 2.5  347.9  
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic materials ex cept glass 367 4.2  0-7.5 2.7  2,593.1  
352 Other chemicals, incl. pharm. 1,007 2.1  0-25 2.9  2,903.4  
3521 Paints, varnishes and lacque rs 52 5.3  0-6.5 2.0  183.5  
3522 Drugs and medicines 563 0.7  0-7.6 1.9  1,831.5  
3523 Soaps 65 2.2  0-6.5 2.6  278.2  
3529 Other chemicals n.e.s. 327 4.1  0-25 3.0  610.2  
353 Petroleum refineries 109 2.2  0-6.5 2.0  1,885.5  
354 Manuf. of miscellaneous petroleum & coal products 29 0.5  0-4.6 1.4  100.9  
355 Rubber products 203 4.1  0-17 4.5  371.5  
3551 Tyre and tube industries 50 3.6  0-4.5 1.5  159.5  
3559 Rubber products n.e.s. 153 4.2  0-17 5.1  212.0  
356 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.s. 52 5.6  0-7.1 2.0  299.4  
      
36 Non-metallic mineral products except of petrol. & 
coal 532 3.4  0-12 2.6  402.2  
361 Pottery and china 49 5.9  1.7-12 2.7  39.5  
362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 218 4.1  0-11 2.6  166.9  
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 265 2.4  0-7 2.0  195.9  
3691 Structural clay products 110 3.5  0-7 1.9  86.3  
3692 Ciment, lime and plaster 16 1.7  1.7 0.0  4.1  
3699 Non-metallic mineral products  139 1.7  0-7 1.8  105.5  
    Table AIV.1 (cont'd)Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 145 
 
 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation 2002 
Imports 
 (Per cent)   (US$ million)
37 Basic metal industries 1,352 5.8  0-30 7.4  5,661.0  
371 Iron and steel basic industries 899 7.3  0-30 8.5  3,203.5  
372 Non-ferrous metal basic industr ies 453 3.0  0-10 2.8  2,457.5  
      
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 4,671 2.4  0-22 2.6  17,435.8  
381 Fabricated metal products, except machinery & 
equip. 545 2.8  0-8.5 1.7  1,031.3  
3811 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 155 3.1  0-8.5 1.9  187.8  
3812 Metal furniture and fixtures 25 1.3  0-3.7 1.4  18.6  
3813 Structural metal products 67 2.7  .4-7 1.6  500.2  
3819 Fabricated metal prod. excpt mach. & equip. n.e.c. 298 2.7  0-7 1.6  324.9  
382 Non-electrical machinery incl. computers 1,573 1.7  0-9.7 1.4  6,951.8  
3821 Engines and turbines 55 3.8  0-4.5 1.2  529.4  
3822 Agricultural machinery 114 0.5  0-7 1.1  46.3  
3823 Metal and woodworking machinery 320 2.4  0-4.5 0.7  715.9  
3824 Special industrial machinery 400 1.2  0-2.7 0.8  2,495.1  
3825 Office machinery 109 0.7  0-3 1.0  952.9  
3829 Non-electrical machinery and equipment, n.e.s. 575 2.0  0-9.7 1.6  2,212.2  
383 Electrical machinery apparatus, appliances & 
supplies 1,220 2.5  0-14 2.9  4,395.0  
3831 Electrical motors and apparatus 275 2.1  0-4.7 1.2  1,048.2  
3832 Radio, telivision and communication equipment 531 2.5  0-14 4.1  2,614.1  
3833 Electrical appliances and houseware 63 2.6  0-6.9 0.7  106.7  
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 351 2.7  0-5.7 1.3  625.9  
384 Transport equipment 607 4.2  0-22 4.4  3,908.7  
3841 Ship building and repairing 92 1.1  0-6.2 1.4  543.1  
3842 Raiway and tramway 64 1.9  0-3.7 0.6  39.6  
3843 Motor vehicles 321 6.2  0-22 4.8  2,922.3  
3844 Motorcycles et bicycles 35 6.1  0-15 3.2  29.7  
3845 Aircraft manufacture 85 1.2  0-7.7 1.6  342.2  
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 10 1.6  0-2.7 0.9  31.8  
385 Professional and scientific equi pment 726 1.9  0-6.7 1.9  1,149.0  
3851 Prof., scientif., measuring equipment 509 1.2  0-4.2 1.5  906.3  
3852 Photographic and optical goods  138 3.1  0-6.7 2.0  166.6  
3853 Watches and clocks 79 4.3  0-6 1.3  76.1  
      
39 Other manufacturing industries 426 2.9  0-47.3 4.3  455.0  
3901 Jewellery and related article s 39 1.4  0-4.7 1.6  85.7  
3902 Musical instruments 49 3.2  1.7-4 0.5  10.9  
3903 Sporting goods 43 3.9  0-17 3.9  48.2  
3909 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 295 2.9  0-47.3 4.8  310.1  
      
4 Electrical energy 1 0.0  0 0.0  128.2  
Note: Calculations include the ad valorem  component of alternate rates. 
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations , based on data provided by  the Turkish authorities. WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 146 
 
 
Table AIV.2  
Summary of Article II (MFN) exemptions listed by Turkeya 
I.  All sectors 
Turkey extends full national treatment to investments by 44 countriesb ; executes investment transf ers of Belgium-Luxembourg and 
Kuwait in Turkey; grants foreign exchange risk guarantees for the 44 countries  defaulting as a result of balance-of-payments 
difficulties; covers "trade risks" in Japan; and extends the MFN Articles to five countries (Bangl adesh, Germany, Japan, Korea,  and 
Poland), relating to the privileges accorded to the investors of third countries resulti ng from its membership in or associated  with a free-
trade zone, an economic cooperation, a customs union, or a common market.  
Libya is granted a waiver (but it is not applied) on the restri ction to transfer premiums for long-term insurance schemes and 
employment of Libyan workers by Libyan companies. 
On the basis of reciprocity, foreigners may own real estate in Turkey by acquisition or by inheritance. 
If the amount of consulate duties collected  from Turkey is higher than the amount written in the tariff lists, similar duties c ollected from 
that country will be increased reciprocally. 
II.  Sector-specific commitments (by major service area)c 
1.  BUSINESS SERVICES 
A.  Professional services  If any country restricts Turkish citizens for performing arts and supplying services, similar activities of 
that country could be prohibited in Turkey.  
Accounting, auditing 
and book-keeping 
services Under reciprocal conditions, professi onals from countries that have codified the principles for the 
profession of financial advisory services may be  authorized to perform the service in Turkey. 
2.  COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
Postal services  On the basis of reciprocity, Turk ey may reduce the price of mail to  Iraq, Greece, Iran, and Pakistan. 
C.  Telecommunications 
services  On the basis of reciprocity, Turkey may reduce fees for Iran and Syria for the transit of land connections 
and the use of satellite ground stations.  
 Turkey may apply different accounting rates for diffe rent operators/countries c overed by International 
Telecommunication Services Agreements between the Government of Turkey or Telecommunications 
Company and other governments or  various foreign operators. 
7.  FINANCIAL SERVICES 
Banking  If Turkish national banks wishing to  open branches abroad ar e faced with stricter conditions than those in 
the Turkish Banks Act, foreign banks will be  faced with the same strict conditions. 
11.  TRANSPORT SERVICES 
 On the basis of reciprocity, Turkey  may lower income and corporate tax rates for foreign road, maritime, 
and air transport companies.  Transit and bilate ral services can also be exempted from VAT. 
 Turkey may, on the basis of reciprocity, apply rest rictions, prohibitions, different treatment, and different 
tariffs to the goods and transportation vehicles of the countries that apply the aforementioned measures to 
Turkish road, air, and maritime transportation vehicles.  
Road transport services  In accordance with the Road Transport Agreement, 35 member countriesd grant, on the basis of 
reciprocity, privileges concerning quotas and fees, and exemptions from th e permission procedures. 
Rail transport services  Turkey may bilaterally reduce the rental fees for ra ilway wagons for Syria, Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon;  and 
apply national treatment to the transportation tariff rates for goods for members of the Commonwealth of 
Independent States and the Baltic Republics. 
a This summary of Turkey's Article II (most-favoured-nation) ex emptions does not contain the same level of detail as the Schedu le 
and is not a substitute for it.  All measures are intended to have an  indefinite duration. 
b Countries are:  Albania, Algeria, Arge ntina, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Be lgium, Bulgaria, China (P.R.), Denmark, 
Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhsta n, Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, 
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia , Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, 
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Unite d States, and Uzbekistan. 
c Sectors numbered according to the WTO Secretariat classification. 
d Members are: Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgar ia, former Czechoslovakia, Denm ark, Egypt, Finland, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, It aly, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lithuani a, Luxembourg, Mace donia, Moldova, the 
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia,  Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and 
former Yugoslavia. 
Source:  WTO documents GATS EL/88, 15 April 1994; GATS/EL/88/ Suppl.2, 11 April 1997;  and GATS/EL/88/Suppl.3, 
26 February 1998.  Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 147 
 
 
Table AIV.3 
Summary of Turkey's specific commitments in services 
(Explanation of symbols at end of table) 
Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector  Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons 
 Market Access/National Treatment 
1.  BUSINESS SERVICES     
A.  Professionals services      
Legal services (advisory services on foreign and 
international law only) NL/NL NL/NL NL/OP NL/NL 
Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services U/U NL/NL OP/OP U/OP 
Engineering and architectural servic es NLsp/NL NLsp/NL NLsp/NL NLsp/NL 
B.  Computer and related services      
Consultancy services relate d to the installation of 
computer hardware NLsp/NL NL/NL NLsp/NL NLsp/NL 
Software implementation services NLsp/NL NL/NL NLsp/NL NLsp/NL 
Data processing services NLsp/NL NL/NL NLsp/NL NLsp/NL 
F.  Other business services      
Advertising services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Market research services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Management consulting NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Packaging services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Services incidental to hunting OP/NL NL/OP OP/NL NL/NL 
Services incidental to mining OP/OP NL/NL NLsp/NL NL/NL 
2.  COMMUNICATION SERVICES     
A.  Postal services  OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP U/U 
B.  Courier services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
C.  Telecommunication services      
Voice telephone services OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP Uex/Uex 
Packet-switched data transmission services OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP Uex/Uex 
Circuit-switched data transmission services OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP Uex/Uex 
Telegraph services OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP Uex/Uex 
Facsimile services OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP Uex/Uex 
Private leased circuit services OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP Uex/Uex 
Telegraph services OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP Uex/Uex 
Electronic mail OP/OP NL/NL OP/NL OP/NL 
Voice mail OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP U/U 
On-line information and data-base retrieval OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP U/U 
Electronic data interchange OP/NL NL/NL OP/NL OP/NL 
Enhanced/value-added facsimile services, incl. store and 
forward, store and retrieve OP/NL NL/NL OP/NL OP/NL 
Code and protocol OP/NL NL/NL OP/NL OP/NL 
On-line information and/or data processing OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP U/U 
Mobile analog/digital cellular; paging; cable TV OP/OP NL/NL OP/OP Uex/Uex 
3.  CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING 
SERVICES NLsp/OP NL/NL OP/NL NLsp/NL 
5.  EDUCATION SERVICES     
A., B., E. Primary, seconda ry and other educational 
services  OP/NL NL/NL OP/OP OP/NL 
C.  Higher education services  NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
   Table AIV.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/125 Trade Policy Review 
Page 148 
 
 
Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector  Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons 
 Market Access/National Treatment 
6.  ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES     
A.  Sewage services  U/U NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
B.  Refuse disposal services  U/U NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
C.  Sanitation and similar services  U/U NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
7.  FINANCIAL SERVICES     
A.  Insurance and insurance related services      
Direct insurance: non-life OP/NL OP/NL NL/OP NL/NL 
Direct insurance: life U/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Reinsurance and retrocession OP/NL OP/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Insurance intermediation OP/NL OP/NL OP/NL OP/NL 
Services auxiliary to insuran ce NLsp/NL NLsp/NL NL/NL NLsp/NL 
B.  Banking and othe r financial services      
Acceptance of deposits NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Lending of all types: consumer credit NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Lending of all types: factoring NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
 Lending of all types: mortage credit and financing of 
commercial transactions NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Financial leasing OP/OP OP/OP OP/NL NL/NL 
All payment and money transmission services NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Guarantees and commitments NLsp/NL NLsp/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Trading for own account or for account of customer: 
money market instruments. NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Trading for own account or for account of customer: 
foreign exchange NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Trading for own account or for account of customer: 
derivitative products NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Trading for own account or for account of customer: 
exchange rate and interest rate instruments NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Trading for own account or for account of customer: 
transferable securities NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Trading for own account or for account of customer: other 
negotiable instruments including bullion NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Underwriting and placement NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Money broking OP/OP OP/OP OP/OP OP/OP 
Asset management portfolio management NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Collective investment management NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL OP/NL 
Pension fund management OP/OP OP/OP OP/OP OP/OP 
Custodial, depository and trust services NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Settlement and clearing services NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Provision and transfer of financial information NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Advisory, intermediation and other auxilia ry services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
8.  HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES     
A.  Hospital services  Utf/NL NL/NL OP/NL U/U 
9.  TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES     
A.  Hotels and restaurants  Utf/NL NLsp/NL NL/NL OP/NL 
B.  Travel agencies and tour operators services  OP/OP NL/NL NL/OP NL/NL 
   Table AIV.3 (cont'd)Turkey  WT/TPR/S/125 
 Page 149 
 
 
Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector  Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons 
 Market Access/National Treatment 
11.  TRANSPORT SERVICES     
A.  Maritime transport services      
Passenger transportation OP/OP NL/NL OP/NL OP/OP 
Freight transportation OP/OP NL/NL OP/NL OP/NL 
Rental of vessels with crew NL/OP NL/OP NL/NL NL/NL 
Maintenance of repair of vessels NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
C.  Air transport services      
Selling of air transport services OP/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Computer reservation systems NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL 
Maintenance and repair of aircraft NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
E.  Rail transport services  OP/NL NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
F.  Road transport services      
Passenger transportation U/U NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
Freight transportation U/U NL/NL OP/NL NL/NL 
NL: No limitations, i.e. Turk ey agreed to place no constraints on the item in question. 
NLsp No limitations, but special provisions applied. U Unbound, i.e Turkey made no engagements with respect to the item in question. 
Uex Unbound, except as provided by Turkey's horizontal commitments. 
Utf Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility. OP Other provisions apply. 
Source:  WTO documents GATS/SC/88, 15 Apr il 1994;  GATS/SC/88/Suppl.2, 11 Apr il 1997;  and GATS/SC/88/Suppl.3, 
26 February 1998. 
 
__________