. /.WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONS/CSS/W/96
9 July 2001
(01-3393)
Council for Trade in Services
Special SessionOriginal:  Spanish
COMMUNICATION FROM COLOMBIA1
Financial Services
The following communication has been received from the delegation of Colombia with the
request that it be circulated to Members of the Council for Trade in Services.
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I. INTRODUCTION
1. A healthy and efficient financial system helps to improve the functioning of the economy as a
whole.  Liberalization of financial services can therefore become a catalyst of progress given all the
benefits which can stem from such a policy:  enhanced competition, reduced intermediation margins,technological innovation, better services, increa sed investment, introduction of new financial
products, greater coverage, and so forth.
2. Nevertheless, as the financial system is part of the basic economic infrastructure, prudential
regulations and adequate supervision are required to prevent management errors from  resulting in
losses to depositors and consequently destabilizing the financial system itself.  In other words, a more
liberal financial system should not be confused with a financial system with slacker operational rules.
3. From Colombia's point of view, paragraph 2 of the GATS Annex on Financial Services and
Article VI of the GATS allow Members to take both prudential and non-prudential measures to ensure
the stability and integrity of the financial system.
II. PROPOSALS
4. Although liberalization of the financial sector, coupled with rigorous and efficient regulatory
measures and supervisory mechanisms, is a policy which can greatly contribute to capital marketdevelopment and hence to the financing of the economy, the pace of its implementation must take
Members' institutional development into account.  Given the sensitivity of the economic system to
financial sector imbalances, this sector should be liberalized with greater caution than any other.
National policies and individual Members' level of development should therefore be taken into
consideration in the negotiations on such services.
5. Colombia is particularly sensitive to the pace at which financial services delivered through the
cross-border mode are liberalized.   Liberalization of trade in financial services through the cross-
                                                     
1 Colombia reserves the right to amend this proposal at any time.S/CSS/W/96
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border and consumption abroad modes needs to take into consideration, inter alia , the financial,
monetary and exchange policies of the countries concerned.
6. The nature of the sector also needs to be taken into consideration when liberalizing financial
services.  A surfeit of banking institutions or uncontrolled competition in the financial sector can
bring in their wake, inter alia , systemic risks which can eventually become destabilizing.  Market
access restrictions based on an economic needs test for commercial presence are therefore legitimate
for some Members.
7. Whilst respecting the principle of ensuring that the rate of liberalization is in line with
Members' level of economic development, one of the objectives of this round of negotiations should
be the removal of most-favoured-nation exemptions based on reciprocity.
8. Efforts should be made to clarify the scope of financial services provided in cross-border
mode and to differentiate this from the consumption abroad mode of supply.  The Understanding onCommitments in Financial Services is a good first step in this direction.
9. Colombia has undertaken full commitments in relation to the provision of financial services
through the commercial presence mode, thereby granti ng guarantees to foreign investors and, in turn,
promoting competition and technology transfer.
10. Some Members use the classification from the Annex on Financial Services and others the
Central Product Classification (CPC) in their current specific commitment schedules.  This leads to
uncertainty as to the scope of the commitments scheduled by Members.  It is therefore desirable,
insofar as is possible, for a single classification to be used.  As far as the Secretariat is concerned, the
Annex classification is more disaggregated and therefore more appropriate for the purposes of
scheduling than the provisional CPC.
11. Paragraph 3 of the Annex on Financial Services on the recognition of prudential measures of
any other country is a valuable tool for boosting trade in financial services.  We therefore propose that
Article VII.4(b) of the GATS be implemented to afford enhanced opportunities to Members to
become party to such agreements and arrangements when negotiations commence.
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