ORGANISATION MONDIALE
DU COMMERCES/DCS/W/EGY
24 janvier 2003
(03-0501)
Commerce des services Original:  anglais
ÉGYPTE
Projet de version codifiée de la Liste d'engagements spécifiques1
On trouvera ci-joint un projet de version codi fiée de la Liste d'engagements spécifiques de
l'Égypte en format Word.  Ce document ne remplace pas les engagements juridiquement contraignants
souscrits par l'Égypte dans sa Liste d'engagements spécifiques (GATS/SC/30; GATS/SC/30/Suppl.2;GATS/SC/30/Suppl.3).
Est joint au projet de liste codifiée la Liste d'exemptions de l'article II (NPF) de l'Égypte
(GATS/EL/30) en format Word.
Le projet de version codifiée de la Liste et la Liste d'exemptions de l'obligation NPF ont été
établis par le Secrétariat, à la demande des Membres, pour faciliter le processus de négociation, y
compris la présentation des offres initiales.
_______________
                                                          
1 Le présent document a été établi, en anglais seulement, par le Secrétariat sous sa propre responsabilité et sans
préjudice des positions des Membres ni de leurs droits et obligations dans le cadre de l'OMC.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 2 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS 
INCLUDED IN THIS SCHEDULE
3) None 3) Acquisition of land:
Authorization is required for the acquisition ofland and/or real estate property.  Applications inthis respect are considered on the basis of the
evaluation of the specific projects for which the
acquisition is requested and in accordance withthe national policy objectives.
- Acquisition of land and/or real estate  property
in free zone areas is unbound.
4) The entry and temporary stay of natural
persons
According to the labour code (Law No.137/1981) and its executive regulations, the
number of foreign personnel necessary to the
supply of services in any entity, regardless ofnumber of its branches, shall not exceed 10per cent of the total number of personnelemployed therein, unless otherwise specifiedin a sectoral entry of this schedule.4) NoneS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 3Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
II: SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
2.C. Telecommunications
Services
This schedule does not
include telecommunication
services supplied fordistribution of radio ortelevision programming fordirect reception by service
consumer.(3) a) Licenses for the provision of all
telecommunication services in Egypt areto be granted by the TelecommunicationsRegulatory Authority.  A transparent and
non-discriminatory Economic Needs Test
shall be the main basis for grantinglicenses until 31/12/2005.
1
b) Licenses are to be provided only to
companies registered in Egypt.
c) Telecom Egypt has exclusive rights to
provide cross-border transmission into orout of Egypt using any means oftechnology for an exclusivity period that
terminates no later than 31/12/2005.
Licenses providing international datacommunication services nave to leaseinternational private lines from TelecomEgypt throughout the period ofexclusivity.
d) Companies working in the
telecommunications sector must trainlocal human resources.The government of 
Egypt undertakes additional commitments as set 
out in the attached 
reference paper hereto.Egypt is currently in the process of 
presenting a new 
Telecommunications Act to the People 's Assembly (Egyptian Parliament)
                                                          
1 Continuation of ENT  beyond 31/12/2005 shall be subject to consultations between Egypt and WTO Members taking into considerati on progress of the CTS discussions on ENT.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 4Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
International and domestic
services using any means oftechnology:
2.C.a Voice telephone
services
2.C.d Telex services2.C.e Telegraph services2.C.f Facsimile services
2.C.g Private leased lines
(International Only)1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date,
none
2
2) None.3) a) Telecom Egypt has an exclusivity for the
provision of the services that terminates
no later than 31/12/2005.  After that date,none.
b) Resale of services is allowed based on
agreements with Telecom Egypt.
c) Telecom Egypt is currently privatizing
part of its shares through an initial publicoffering or sale to a strategic investor.Telecom Egypt may continue theprivatization up to 49% of its shares insubsequent stages.
d) Public payphones, none.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.
International services usingany means of technology:
2.C.b&c Data services
2.C.o Internet services1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date,
none
2.
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.
Domestic services using
any means of technology:
2.C.b&c Data services
2.C.g Private leased lines2.C.o Internet services1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date,
none
2.
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section
                                                          
2 A license is required.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 5Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Other services:
2.C.o Mobile services
(Digital Only)1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date
none2.
2) None3) Two private GSM900 operators have licenses
to provide the services in Egypt with exclusive
right until 30/11/2002.After that date, none.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.
Other services using anymeans of technology:
2.C.o Paging services2.C.o VSAT2.C.h.-n.-Value Added Services1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date,
none
2.
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.
3. CONSTRUCTION AND
RELATEDENGINEERINGSERVICES
B. Construction Work for 
Civil Engineering
- Bridges, elevated
highways, tunnels andsubways
- Waterways, harbours, dams
and other water work
- Long distance pipelines,
communication and powerlines (cables)
- Construction for mining
and manufacturing1) Unbound
*
2) Unbound*
3) - Commercial presence is only allowed for
joint-venture companies
- Foreign capital equity shall not exceed 49
per cent of the total capital required forthe project
4) None1) Unbound
*
2) Unbound*
3) None
4) None
                                                          
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibilityS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 6Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Special Trade Construction
Work:
- Steel bending and erection
(including welding)
- Other special trade
construction work
Installation Work:
- Gas fitting construction
- work
Electrical Work:
- Fire alarm construction
work
- Other electrical
construction work
- Other installation work
- Lift and escalator
construction work
- Renting services related to
equipment forconstruction or demolitionof buildings or civil
engineering works, with
operatorS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 7Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL
RELATED SERVICES
A. Hotels and Restaurants
1. Hotels and Other
Commercial
Accommodations
(a) Hotels and motels(b) Resort hotels and
accommodation facilities
(c) Casino hotels
2. Restaurants, Bars and
Canteens
(a) Full service restaurants
(b) Fast food restaurants and
cafeteria1) Unbound*
2) None
3) A licence will be given according to the
requirement of economic needs test (maincriteria:  market needs and locating differentcategories of hotels).
- Casino services can be provided only through
5 stars hotels (gambling allowed only forforeigners)
- Limitations on the total number of services
operations depend on the requirement ofeconomic needs test (geographical location,
increase in the number and categories of
tourists)
- Foreign capital equity should not exceed 49
per cent in projects to be established in Sinai
4) None1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Training of Egyptian employees should be
performed by the foreign natural persons withinthe terms of the contract
4) None
B. Travel Agencies and Tour
Operators Services
(a) Tour operators, packagers
and wholesalers
(b) Travel agencies1) Unbound
2) None3) Limitations on the total number of services
operations depend on the requirement of
economic needs test
4) None1) Unbound
2) None3) Training of Egyptian employees should be
performed by the foreign natural persons within
the terms of the contract
4) None
D. Other Tourism Services
1. Tourism Management
ServicesS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 8Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
a) Tourism property
management
b) Rental lease tourism
property1) None
2) None3) Bound only for representative offices.
Limitations on the total number of services
operations depend on the requirement of
economic needs test.
4) None1) None
2) None3) Training of Egyptian employees should be
performed by the foreign natural persons within
the terms of the contract
4) None
2. Tourism Transport Services
(a) Land transport services
1. Long distance tour buses
2. Short Distance tour buses1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
(b) Inland Water Ways
1. Inland Water Passenger
transport
2. Inland Water local tours3. Cruise ships1) Unbound
2) None
3) The addition to the inland water passenger
and/or local tours is subject to the physicalcapacity of the Nile river.
4) None1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) None
3. Tourism Training
Institutions1) None
2) None
3) None4) None1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
4. Tourism Related
Conventions1) None2) None
3) None
4) None1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
5. Institutional Food Service
Caterers (with the
exception of AirportCatering Facilities whichare confined only to thenational air carriers)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 9Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
Measures of specific application:
A.  Insurance Services, the main criteria which the economic needs tests apply are as follows:
1. Surplus demand to traditional classes of insurance gives new companies an opportunity of working without harmful competition to the market or financial positions 
of existing companies and consequently policy holders.
2. Exhausting of 50 per cent of the capacity of the existing companies, which is calculated on the bases of solvency margin, and  there is a surplus demand in excess 
of the capacity which enables a new company to achieve its purposes.
3. Setting up of a new company leads to an increase of total retention in the market;  taking into account the technical conside rations.
4. The new companies shall introduce new insurance covers.
B. Other Financial Services:
Commercial presence for conducting the activities of other Financial Services (Capital Market Services excluding trading in sec urities) should be incorporated in Egypt
to take the form of a joint-stock company or a partnership limited by shares.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 10Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
A. All Insurance and
Insurance-related Services
1. Life, health, personal
accident1) None
2) None
3) Foreign and joint venture companies are
allowed only to carry on business in freezones, provided that their activities shall beconfined to the transactions carried out inconvertible currencies.1) None
2) None
3) None
- No maximum limits required on the foreign
shareholding in free zones.
-  Economic needs test shall apply to the inland
commercial presence (other than in freezones) according to the cr iteria as stipulated in
the horizontal section.
Relaxation of economic needs test shall be in
2000 for life, health & personal accidentbusiness.
- Foreign insurance companies' branches and
agencies are not allowed.
- Foreign capital equity shall not exceed 49 per
cent of the total capital required for thecompany (other than in free zones) up to 31
December 1999.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 11Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
- As of 1 January 2000, foreign capital equity
shall be up to 51 per cent of the totalcapital required for the company (other than infree zones).
- Legal cessions of the total transactions must
be ceded to Egyptian Reinsurance Co.according to the percentages to be decided bythe supervisory authority and 5 per cent of theCompany's treaties to African Reinsurance
Co.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 12Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
4) Qualified non-Egyptian directors are allowed
for a five-year term and may be renewed.Their appointment and renewal is subject tothe approval of the Supervisory Authority.4) A non-Egyptian director must have at least two
Egyptian understudies.
2. Non-life insurance 1) Unbound2) None3) Foreign and joint venture companies are
allowed only to carry on business in freezones, provided that their activities shall be
confined to the transactions carried out in
convertible currencies.
- No maximum limits required on the foreign
shareholding in free zones.1) Unbound
2) None3) None
- Economic needs test shall apply to the inland
commercial presence (other than in free
zones) according to the cr iteria as stipulated in
the horizontal section.
- Relaxation of economic needs test shall be in
2002 for non-life business.
- Foreign capital equity shall not exceed 49 per
cent of the total capital required for thecompany (other than in free zones) up to 31December 2002.
- As of 1 January 2003, foreign capital equity
shall be up to 51 per cent of the total capital
required for the company (other than in free
zones).
- Foreign insurance companies' branches and
agencies are not allowed.
- Legal cessions of the total transactions must
be ceded to Egyptian Reinsurance Co.
according to the percentages to be decided bythe supervisory authority and 5 per cent of theCompany's treaties to African ReinsuranceCo.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 13Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
4) Qualified non-Egyptian directors are allowed
for a five year term and may be renewed.Their appointment and renewal is subject tothe approval of the Supervisory Authority.4) A non-Egyptian director must have at least two
Egyptian understudies.
3. Reinsurance and
retrocession1) None2) None3) Foreign and joint venture companies are
allowed only to carry on business in freezones and inland, and in the case of carrying
on their activities in free zones, their
transactions shall be confined to be carried outin convertible currencies.
- No maximum limits required on the foreign
shareholding in free zones or inland.1) None
2) None3) None
- Foreign reinsurance companies' branches and
agencies are not allowed.
- Insurance and reinsurance companies are not
allowed to deal with reinsurers not listed in
the supervisory authority list.
- Five per cent of the company's treaties must
be ceded to African Reinsurance Co.
4) None 4) NoneS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 14Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
4. Auxiliary services other 
than intermediation:
a. Actuarial services 1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to
perform this profession from a competentauthority in his home country and registered atthe Egyptian register for that purpose.
4) None1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None
4) None
b. Consultancy (risk
assessment and riskmanagement only)1) None
2) None3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to
perform this profession from a competentauthority in his home country and registered at
the Egyptian register for that purpose.
4) None1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
c. Loss assessment 1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to
perform this profession from a competent
authority in his home country and registered atthe Egyptian register for that purpose.
4) None1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) None
4) None
d. Liaison offices 1) None
2) None
3) Commercial presence is bound only for public
relations and market research.
4) None1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
e. Intermediation 1) Bound only for life insurance and reinsurance
services.
2) Bound only for life insurance and reinsurance
services.
3) Unbound4) Unbound1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) UnboundS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 15Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
B. Banking Services
1. Joint-Venture Banks
(JVBs):
a. Acceptance of deposits and
other forms of repayable 
funds
b. All types of lending,
including consumer credit, and financing of 
commercial transactions
c. All payment and
money transmission services, including credit, charge and debit cards, traveller's cheques and 
bankers draft1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) The share of non-Egyptians in the capital of
JVBs and private banks may exceed  49 per
cent of the issued capital of any bank, withoutceiling.  On a non-discriminatory basis,ownership of more than 10 per cent of theissued capital of any bank, except through
inheritance, requires the approval of the CBE
Board of Directors.1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) Foreign service suppliers, in the context of
JVBs are required to offer on-the-job training
for national employees.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 16Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
d. Guarantees and
Commitments
e. Trading for own account or
for account of customers in:
- Money market 
instruments(cheques, bills andcertificates ofdeposits);
- foreign exchange;
- securities.
f. Participation in share issues
and the provision ofservices related to suchissues through subsidiaries
g. Money broking
h. Safekeeping of securitiesi. Credit reference servicesJ. Safe custody services4) The General Manager should have banking
experience in Egypt of no less than ten yearsfor banks established in Egypt other thanbranches of foreign banks.4) None
2. Foreign Bank Branches
Same activities specified
under 1. above1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Economic needs test shall be applied.
4) None1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Branches of foreign banks existing on 5 June
1992 (the date of enforcement of Law No. 37 of1992) may be licensed to deal in local currencyin addition to foreign currency subject to thesatisfaction of minimum capital requirement,adequacy of provisions and other prudential
measures (Art. 13 of the executive regulations
of the said Law).
4) NoneS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 17Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
3. Representative Offices of
Foreign Banks (R.O.'s)1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) Foreign banks which desire to set up
representative offices should not have
branches in Egypt.
- Activities of R.O.'s should be confined to
conducting studies on potential investments,acting as liaison with their head offices and
contributing to solving problems and
difficulties that may confront their headoffices' correspondents in Egypt.
4) None1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) Unbound
4) None
C. Other Financial Services
1. Securities
a. Underwriting 1) None
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None3) None4) None
b. Brokerage 1) None
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None3) None4) None
c. Trading in securities
(Buy and Sell by individual
or institution on the stockexchange)1) None
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None3) None4) None
d. Clearing and settlement 1) None
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None3) None4) NoneS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 18Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
e. Marketing and market
promotion1) None
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None3) None4) None
f. Portfolio and investment
management1) None
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None3) None4) None
g. Establishment of collective
investment funds1) None
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None3) None4) None
h. Venture capital 1) None
2) None
3) None4) None1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
2. Financial Leasing 1) None2) None
3) None
4) None1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 19Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES
A. International Maritime 
Transport
(a) Passenger Transportation
(b) Freight Transportation1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Commercial Presence is only allowed for
joint-venture companies.Foreign capital equity should not exceed 49per cent;
All ships owned by the established companies
should be registered at the Egyptian shipregister as a pre-requisite to fly the Egyptianflag
4) 95 per cent of the crew should be national and
their wages and salaries should not be less
than 90 per cent of the total paid up wages and
salariesThe Chairman and majority of the Board ofDirectors must be Nationals1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) None
(f) Supporting services for
Maritime Transport:  Port
dredging1) Unbound*
2) Unbound
3) Commercial Presence is only allowed for
joint-venture companies.Foreign capital equity should not exceed 75per cent
4) At least 25 per cent of both the personnel and
members of the Board of Directors must be
Nationals1) Unbound*
2) Unbound
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/EGY
Page 20
Reference Paper
Scope
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic
telecommunications services.
Definitions
Users mean service consumers and service suppliers.
Essential facilities mean facilities of a public telecommunication transport network or service that
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;
and
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a 
service.
A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation
(having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a
result of:
(a) control over essential facilities; or
(b) use of its position in the market
1. Competitive safeguards
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
Appropriate measures shall be maintained fo r the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone
or together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.
1.2 Safeguards
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;
(b) using information obtained from compe titors with anti-competitive results; and
(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical
information about essential facilities and co mmercially relevant information which are
necessary for them to provide services.
2. Interconnection
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another
supplier and to access services provided by a nother supplier, where specific commitments are
undertaken.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 21
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured
Interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the
network. Such interconnection is provided
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditi ons (including technical standards and
specifications) and rates and of a quality no le ss favourable than that provided for its
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for itssubsidiaries or other affiliates;
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions  (including technical standards and
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard to
economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay fornetwork components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be provided;
and
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessaryadditional facilities.
2.3 Public availability of the proced ures for interconnection negotiations
The procedures applicable for interconnection to a major supplier will be made publicly
available.
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
It is ensured that any supplier with a dominan t position will make publicly available either its
interconnection agreements or a reference interconnection offer.
2.5  Interconnection: dispute settlement
A service supplier requesting interconnection with a major supplier will have recourse, either:
(a) at any time or(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known
to an independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 5 below,
to resolve disputes regarding appropriate terms,  conditions and rates for interconnection within a
reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not been established previously.
3. Universal service
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to
maintain. Such obligations will not be regarded  as anti-competitive per se, provided they are
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory  and competitively neutral manner and are not more
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 22
4. Public availability of licensing criteria
Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision
concerning an application for a licence and
(b) the terms and conditions of individual licences.
The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request.
5. Independent regulators
The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be impartial
with respect to all market participants.
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers
and rights of way, will be carried out in an ob jective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory
manner. The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required.
_______________S/DCS/W/EGY
Page 23EGYPT – FINAL LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS
Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
ALL SECTORS Full national treatment is
extended to foreign personnel of
the countries indicated in
column 3Greece
Iraq
Jordan
LibyaQatarSudanUnited Arab Emirates
Yemen and possibly:
other countriesThis measure shall be
maintained as long as the
agreements referred to in
column 2 remain in forceor are extendedTo ensure opening of the markets in
the countries referred to in column 3,
as the major trading partners do not
accord the Egyptian nationalssatisfactory opportunities.
ROAD  TRANSPORT(PASSENGER ANDFREIGHT)The supply of road transport
services by foreign suppliersinto and across the territory ofEgypt is limited to vehicles
registered in the countries
indicated in column 3, withwhich Egypt is a party inbilateral or multilateralagreementsThe Arab-League countries, and
possibly:  other countriesThis measure shall be
maintained as long as theagreements referred to incolumn 2 remain in force
or are extendedTo promote intra-Arab trade and
facilitate movement of Arab citizensinto Egypt as stipulated in the Arab-League AgreementS/DCS/W/EGY
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Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
AUDIOVISUALSERVICES(Co-productionAgreements)Full national treatment is
extended to audiovisual works(Co-production Agreements)originating only in countriesindicated in column 3, withwhich Egypt is a party to
bilateral or multilateral
agreementsAlgeria
CyprusIraqJordanKuwaitLebanon
Libya
MauritaniaMoroccoOmanSudanSyria
Tunisia
United Arab Emiratesand possibly:other countriesThis measure shall be
maintained as long as theagreements referred to incolumn 2 remain in forceor are extendedTo maintain the Arab culture and
identity
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