ORGANIZACI ÓNMUNDIAL WT/COMTD/IF/9*
24denoviembre de1997
DEL COMERCIO(97-5154)
Comité deComercio yDesarrollo
Marco Integrado para laAsistencia Técnica
relacionada conelComercio
NECESIDADES DEASISTENCIA TÉCNICA RELACIONADA CON EL
COMERCIO: EVALUACI ÓNYRESPUESTAS INTEGRADAS DEL
BANCO MUNDIAL, ELCCI, ELFMI, LAOMC, ELPNUD
YLAUNCTAD1
TANZAN ÍA
*Unaversión anterior delpresente documento sedistribuyó conlasignatura WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.9.
1Laprimera parte deestedocumento, queincluye laevaluación delasnecesidades deasistencia técnica
relacionada conelcomercio, preparado porTanzanía, figura eneldocumento WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.9 ynose
reproduce enelpresente documento.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 2
RESPUESTA INTEGRADA DEL BANCO MUNDIAL, ELCCI, ELFMI, LAOMC, ELPNUD
YLAUNCTAD ALAEVALUACI ÓNDELAS NECESIDADES DETANZAN ÍA
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Enrespuesta alaSección A:
Necesidades deasistencia técnica enla
esfera delaformulación yaplicación de
lapolítica comercial
Consolidación delasinstituciones del
sector privado ydepartamentos
ministeriales conobjeto depermitirles
participar activamente enlaformulación
delapolítica comercial.CCI/
UNCTAD/
OMCElPrograma Integrado CCI-UNCTAD-
OMC paralosPaíses Menos
Desarrollados yOtros Países Africanos
[enadelante "PI"], asícomo los
proyectos nacionales, consolidarán la
capacidad nacional parareajustar el
marco* reglamentario. (Véase PI,
adjunto.)
PNUD Envirtud delproyecto paralagestión
delapromoción comercial, elPNUD
consolidará lacapacidad institucional de
laJunta deComercio Exterior ydelas
Asociaciones deExportadores de
Tanzanía (TANEXA) paraconvertirlos
encentros decoordinación dela
promoción comercial.
Banco Mundial Elprograma paralaprivatización y
desregulación delasactividades
bancarias contempla esterequisito.
Potenciación delacoordinación entre la
asistencia técnica ylasinstituciones
donantes ensusintervenciones anivel
nacional.PNUD Aunque Tanzanía noesunpaísdela
Mesa Redonda delPNUD, ésteestaría
dispuesto aconsiderar unasolicitud del
Gobierno dequeseutilice el
mecanismo delaMesa Redonda para
coordinar laasistencia técnica enla
esfera comercial.
Banco Mundial ElBanco Mundial estáorganizando
grupos consultivos, reuniones locales de
agrupaciones dedonantes, JEM y,enel
contexto delapreparación coordinada
paralaevaluación delapobreza,
revisiones delgasto público.
*Sesolicita financiación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 3
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección A(Cont.):
Examen yreforma delsistema normativo,
conobjeto deajustarlo alasnormas
multilaterales, incluidas lasdelaOMC.OMC Seprestará asistencia aTanzanía (1998-
2000) paraelexamen yreforma desu
sistema normativo conforme alas
normas delaOMC. (Véase PI
adjunto.)
FMI 1)Examinar yactualizar lasleyes y
disposiciones aduaneras, y
2)racionalizar elarancel de
importación ycoordinarlo conel
sistema interno deimpuestos
indirectos afindegarantizar una
eficaz recaudación delosingresos
fiscales.
(Compromiso enprincipio
para1998.)
Mejora delacoordinación aescala
nacional paralograr unamejor interacción
entre elGobierno, losorganismos
técnicos ylasorganizaciones delsector
privado enmateria deobligaciones
multilaterales.CCI/
UNCTADVéase PI,adjunto.*
Banco Mundial Seminario deIntercambio deDatos
Electrónicos (IDE) sobre política
comercial ennoviembre de1997.
Resulta sumamente necesario mejorar el
grado deconocimiento delosAcuerdos
delaOMC, tanto delaspersonas quese
ocupan desuaplicación como losdel
público engeneral.UNCTAD/
CCI/
OMCEstácontemplado enelPI(adjunto).*
PNUD/
UNCTAD/
(OMPI )Cursillo práctico deámbito regional en
laesfera delMercado Común del
África Oriental yMeridional
(COMESA) paralaformación de
funcionarios públicos, representantes
delsector privado yOrganizaciones No
Gubernamentales (ONG) sobre política
yreglamentación enelmarco de
laOMC.
*Sesolicita financiación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 4
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección A(Cont.):
OMC LaOMC participará enseminarios
nacionales específicos yseorganizarán
cursillos prácticos (1998-2000) enel
marco delPI(adjunto).
Seorganizarán seminarios regionales
especializados y/ocursillos prácticos
sobre lasdisposiciones delaOMC en
1998 y1999 paraelÁfrica anglófona.
Secelebrarán cursos detressemanas
sobre política comercial parapaíses
menos desarrollados dehabla inglesa
(incluida Tanzanía) (1998/1999).
Deacuerdo conelPI(adjunto), la
OMC sufragará losgastos dedos
participantes tanzanianos enelcurso de
capacitación deinstructores quese
realice paraformadores anglófonos
(1997/1998).
Potenciación delacapacidad negociadora
delosfuncionarios deTanzanía que
participen enlasnegociaciones
comerciales multilaterales delaOMC.UNCTAD Estanecesidad secontempla enelpunto
1.5delPI(adjunto).*
PNUD/
(Consorcio de
Estudios
Económicos de
África, o
AERC)Teniendo encuenta unasíntesis de
estudios sectoriales, elPNUD
organizará en1998 y1999, en
cooperación conlaUNCTAD,
seminarios subregionales ytalleres de
bombardeo deideas paraayudar alos
funcionarios públicos enlapreparación
delastécnicas denegociación parala
siguiente ronda denegociaciones de
laOMC.
Banco
Mundial/
FMIFormará parte delosestudios encurso
respecto alaIniciativa Transfronteriza
(CBI) yalCOMESA.
OMC Durante uncurso detressemanas de
duración sobre política comercial, seles
daráalosparticipantes unaformación
general paramejorar sucapacidad
negociadora
*Sesolicita financiación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 5
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección A(Cont.):
Evaluación delarepercusión delos
acuerdos multilaterales sobre laeconomía.UNCTAD Seestápreparando actualmente un
estudio enelcontexto delaasistencia
técnica alospaíses delaComunidad
paraelDesarrollo delÁfrica
Meridional (SADC).
PNUD/
UNCTAD/
(AERC)ElPNUD emprenderá unaserie de
estudios sectoriales (agricultura, textil,
prendas devestir yrecursos naturales),
nacionales ysubregionales, conobjeto
demejorar lacapacidad gubernamental
paraelanálisis ylaformulación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 6
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Enrespuesta alaSección B-1:
Necesidad deasistencia técnica enla
esfera delaslimitaciones delacapacidad
deofertaFMI Unaparte importante delosprogramas
costeados porelServicio Financiero
Reforzado deAjuste Estructural (ESAF)
paraTanzanía haconsistido enlas
mejoras estructurales delsistema de
comercio depagos exteriores. En
aplicación delreciente programa
financiado porelESAF, eltipo
arancelario máximo sehavisto reducido
del40al30porciento desde julio de
1997, yhadisminuido elnúmero de
tramos arancelarios.
Lafutura asistencia técnica porparte
delFondo debería enfocarse másbien
enelapoyo deldiseño ylaaplicación
deunanueva estructura delarancel
aduanero, según unestudio quese
espera queestédisponible paramarzo
de1998; esteestudio analizará la
capacidad competitiva ylaprotección
deTanzanía enrelación consus
interlocutores comerciales, ytratará de
identificar víasdeprotección delos
ingresos públicos mediante la
ampliación delabaseimpositiva en
áreas diferentes aladelimpuesto de
actividades económicas, distorsionador.
Seespera quelareforma arancelaria
incorpore mayores reducciones deltipo
máximo arancelario ydelnúmero de
tramos. Lafutura asistencia técnica
podría ayudar aperfeccionar losdatos
delcomercio exterior –basados másen
losregistros aduaneros queenlas
fuentes financieras utilizadas hasta
ahora- sobre todoalahora de
garantizar supublicación regular y
puntual.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 7
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección B-1(Cont.):
Ajuste delmarco normativo eincentivos
reales concedidos ainversores y
exportadores.UNCTAD LaUNCTAD pretende:
1)emprender unExamen dePolíticas
deInversión paraevaluar la
capacidad delpaísparaatraer
inversiones extranjeras directas
(FDI)*;
2)cooperar conelGobierno yconel
sector privado paraabordar los
problemas detodotipoquese
planteen enlasnegociaciones con
inversores extranjeros
(TRANSACT)*; y
3)colaborar enladinamización yla
modernización delasinstituciones
depromoción deinversiones
(STAMP).*
Banco
Mundial/
FMILanueva LeydeInversiones acaba de
publicarse; lareforma arancelaria está
enmarcha; ysehanrevisado las
políticas sectoriales paralaindustria y
laagricultura.
OMC Véase larespuesta sobre el
cumplimiento deobligaciones porparte
deTanzanía paraajustarse alos
Acuerdos delaOMC.
Promoción delasactividades defomento
delainvestigación enámbitos como el
desarrollo deproductos detecnología
alimentaria.Banco Mundial Seestán acometiendo varios servicios
deinvestigación yformación dentro de
laagricultura.
Desarrollo delainfraestructura rural,
incluida lapromoción delcrédito rural.UNCTAD Serealizará unexamen delas
instituciones financieras especializadas
enlaconcesión decréditos a
microempresas conelfinde
incrementar lacantidad decrédito
disponible yreducir sucosto paralas
personas queviven enlapobreza.*
Banco Mundial Seestáaplicando elProyecto de
Desarrollo Integrado decarreteras. El
Banco deCrédito Rural estáenproceso
dedesarrollo. (Proyecto sectorial de
donantes múltiples.)
*Sesolicita financiación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 8
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección B-1(Cont.):
Creación decapacidades parapotenciar la
productividad.Banco Mundial Sehaacometido unproyecto para
mejorar laeducación entodos los
niveles; unprograma especial para
niñas estáenfasepiloto.
Mejora delastelecomunicaciones yel
transporte.Banco Mundial Elproceso paralaprivatización delos
transportes ylastelecomunicaciones
estáenmarcha.
Mejora deldesarrollo ydiversificación de
losproductos.Lasagencias están dispuestas a
cooperar conelGobierno enla
identificación denecesidades
especificadas entérminos operativos y
enelestablecimiento deprioridades.
Seránecesario entablar otras consultas
conelGobierno paradesarrollar
programas yproyectos específicos, y
parabuscar sufinanciación.
CCI Seprestará asistencia paraeldesarrollo
delaproducción yladiversificación de
lasexportaciones mediante estudios de
mercado ydelegaciones comerciales,
sobre alimentos ybebidas, productos de
baseagropecuaria yartículos depiel.
Elloincluye laparticipación delas
empresas enreuniones decompradores
yvendedores, lapreparación delos
estudios demercado ylaorganización
deseminarios dedivulgación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 9
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Enrespuesta alaSección B-2:
Necesidades deasistencia técnica enel
ámbito delapromoción comercial, la
expansión yeldesarrollo dela
competitividad
Creación deunsistema deinformación
eficiente, enparticular acerca delos
aranceles, losobstáculos noarancelarios y
otras concesiones deacceso almercado en
losmercados exteriores.CCI ElCentro deComercio Internacional
(CCI) estáprestando asistencia parala
creación deunsistema deinformación
eficiente quecontenga, entre otros
parámetros, datos sobre acceso alos
mercados ysobre lasoportunidades
paraposibles mercados destinatarios.
Véase también PI(adjunto).
UNCTAD Seseguirá proporcionando ayuda a
través delCD-ROM TRAINS.
Seprestará asistencia sobre la
utilización delCD-ROM TRAINS.*
Véase también elpunto 3.6* delPI
(adjunto).
PNUD Envirtud delproyecto paralagestión
delapromoción comercial, elPNUD
consolidará lacapacidad delaJunta de
Comercio Exterior afinde
proporcionar unservicio deinformación
comercial alosexportadores sobre
mercados yproductos, convistas a
mejorar elrendimiento desus
exportaciones.
Banco Mundial Elestudio delBanco Mundial sobre
Desarrollo delaExportación contiene
unapropuesta deproyecto quedebe
todavía sernegociada.
OMC LaOMC facilitará ladocumentación
relativa alacceso alosmercados enlas
concesiones particulares efectuadas en
elmarco delaRonda Uruguay. Esta
documentación estará disponible en
formato CD-ROM (1998).
*Sesolicita financiación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 10
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección B-2(Cont.): Seproporcionarán equipos informáticos,
incluidos losCD-ROM ylaconexión a
laredInternet, yasimismo elCentro de
coordinación tendrá asudisposición la
documentación sobre elsistema
comercial multilateral yeltrabajo en
curso delaOMC (1998). Estoestá
contemplado enelPI(adjunto).
Mejora delosservicios financieros con
objeto dequeincluyan planes de
financiación delcomercio.CCI Lamejora delosservicios yfacilidades
financieras paralaexportación continúa
siendo objeto deconsultas conel
Gobierno. En1998 seorganizará un
seminario sobre asesoramiento y
financiación delaexportación parala
armonización delasgarantías bancarias.
Acceso alcrédito porparte delas
empresas, coninclusión decréditos
previos yposteriores alaexportación.CCI Véase loinmediatamente anterior.
Elaboración debases dedatos estadísticos
enlasaduanas, centros depromoción
comercial yorganizaciones delmundo de
losnegocios (como porejemplo las
cámaras decomercio).PNUD Envirtud delproyecto ASYCUDA
URT/93/009 (ejecutado porla
UNCTAD), elPNUD prestará
asistencia alGobierno, aloscentros de
promoción comercial yalas
organizaciones delmundo delos
negocios paralaelaboración y
recopilación deestadísticas comerciales.
Banco
Mundial/
PNUDSeencuentra encurso la
informatización delasaduanas yla
consolidación desucapacidad.
Mejora delanormalización ydelcontrol
decalidad.CCI Lamejora delosservicios relacionados
conlanormalización yelcontrol de
calidad esunadelasactividades
prioritarias delPIydelproyecto
nacional actualmente encurso, en
particular suadaptación alasnormas de
laOMC.
Simplificación ymejora delaeficacia de
lasaduanas ydeotros procedimientos
comerciales, mediante lasupresión delas
trabas alcomercio yalainversión.FMI 1)Examinar yactualizar lasleyes y
disposiciones sobre aduanas y
2)racionalizar elarancel de
importación ycoordinarlo conel
sistema interno deimpuestos
indirectos afindegarantizar una
eficaz recaudación delosingresos
fiscales.
(Compromiso enprincipio
para1998)WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 11
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección B-2(Cont.): PNUD/
UNCTADEnvirtud delproyecto ASYCUDA
URT/93/009, elPNUD prestará
asistencia alGobierno parasimplificar y
armonizar losactuales procedimientos
aduaneros.
Banco
Mundial/
FMILaLeydeInversiones fueaprobada por
elGobierno en1997. Sehaconcluido
uninforme sobre laadministración de
aduanas. Lasautoridades fiscales de
Tanzanía están preparando unplanpara
suaplicación.
Insistir alospaíses queofrecen un
Sistema Generalizado dePreferencias
(SGP) paraqueamplíen susprogramas y
compensen larepercusión deldeterioro de
laspreferencias.UNCTAD Véase sección A("capacidad
negociadora").
Desarrollo delmercado yadaptación de
losproductos;
Tecnología delembalaje ynormas de
calidad.CCI Véase elapartado anterior.
Estudios sobre eldiseño deproductos, la
gestión delacalidad, lacomercialización
ylafijación decostos yprecios, todoello
dentro deunenfoque conjunto.CCI Véase B-1.
Losservicios deasesoramiento técnico
sobre eldiseño deproductos, lagestión
delacalidad, lacomercialización yla
fijación decostos yprecios son
elementos habituales eimportantes de
lasactividades previstas oyaenmarcha
delCCIconelGobierno.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 12
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Enrespuesta alaSección B-3:
Asistencia técnica enelámbito delas
instituciones yservicios auxiliares
Creación ypotenciación delas
capacidades técnicas delasinstituciones
nacionales paragestionar ycumplir los
Acuerdos delaOMC.UNCTAD Véase respuestas enlasección A.
Estácontemplado enelPI(adjunto).
PNUD Cursillo regional enelámbito del
COMESA paralaformación de
funcionarios públicos, representantes
delsector privado yorganizaciones no
gubernamentales sobre política y
reglamentación enelmarco delaOMC.
Banco Mundial Seestátrabajando enlareforma dela
legislación yenlaconsolidación del
sistema judicial.
OMC Véanse respuestas enlasección A.
Racionalización ymejora delaeficacia de
lasinstituciones auxiliares delcomercio.CCI Elproyecto nacional ejecutado porel
CCIfacilita laconsolidación delos
servicios auxiliares comerciales
mediante instituciones depromoción
comercial. Estoestátambién
contemplado enelPI(adjunto).
UNCTAD ElCentro paraelComercio (punto 3.6
delPI,adjunto) contribuirá aeste
respecto.*
Banco Mundial Sehaelaborado unaserie depropuestas
paracrear nuevas instituciones y
suprimir paulatinamente lasantiguas.
Apoyo infraestructural, incluida lamejora
delosservicios detransporte y
telecomunicaciones.Banco Mundial Enelmarco delproyecto Telecom III,
sehaabolido elmonopolio estatal de
lastelecomunicaciones; seha
elaborado unsistema normativo; yse
estápreparando ladesinversión delos
TTCL.
Creación delConsejo Comercial ydeuna
organización "única" paralapromoción
delcomercio ylainversión.Banco
Mundial/
FMILacreación deunaorganización
"única" debe serrealizada porelCentro
dePromoción deInversiones con
asesoramiento normativo delBanco
Mundial.
*Sesolicita financiación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 13
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección B-3(Cont.):
Creación deunarepresentación comercial
enlasembajadas conmedios paradar
información comercial yconredes que
unan entre síalosgrupos deinterés.CCI Sepersigue firmemente lapotenciación
delainformación comercial enel
marco delosproyectos existentes y
planificados. Véase laSección B-2.
Conrespecto alosproyectos nacionales
encurso, seestáconsiderando
complementar esteesfuerzo conun
programa deconsolidación delservicio
derepresentación comercial yaexistente
enTanzanía.
Creación deprogramas einstituciones de
crédito ygarantía.CCI Véase laSección B-2.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 14
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Enrespuesta alaSección B-4:
Necesidades deasistencia técnica sobre el
desarrollo delosrecursos humanos
Capacitación deformadores enasuntos
relacionados conlaOMC.UNCTAD En1998 sellevará acabo uncursillo
práctico sobre diplomacia comercial
internacional paraformadores enpaíses
anglófonos. Serequieren fondos
adicionales. Estosecontempla también
enelpunto 1.4delPI(adjunto).
PNUD Enelmarco delprograma regional
RAF/96/001 secelebrará en1988 un
curso práctico sobre diplomacia
comercial internacional, destinado a
formadores depaíses anglófonos.
OMC Enelmarco delPI,laOMC correrá
conlosgastos contraídos pordos
funcionarios tanzanianos enelcurso de
formación deinstructores queserá
impartido enGinebra (1997/1998) para
formadores anglófonos.
Formación depersonal público yprivado
especializado enestudios demercado yen
técnicas comerciales extranjeras.CCI Enelperíodo comprendido entre
octubre de1997 yoctubre del2000, el
CCIdeterminará lascapacidades de
asesoramiento yformación necesarias
paraapoyar laexpansión de
exportaciones notradicionales ypara
fomentar elincremento deefectividad
decostos decompras internacionales y
degestión deofertas, encolaboración
conelColegio deEducación
Empresarial, laJunta deComercio
Exterior ylaJunta Nacional parala
Gestión deMateriales.
PNUD Véase laSección B-2.
Cursillo deformación sobre la
utilización delaredInternet para
recabar información sobre elmercado.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 15
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección B-4(Cont.):
Capacitación deformadores enla
utilización delainformación comercial.CCI Véase elapartado anterior.
Laformación deusuarios enla
aplicación efectiva delainformación
comercial esunelemento esencial del
servicio deconsolidación de
información comercial enelproyecto
existente delCOMESA. Estoestá
también contemplado enelPI(adjunto).
PNUD/CCI Véase laSección B-1.
PNUD/CCI Enelámbito delproyecto URT/97/004,
elPNUD consolidará lacapacidad dela
Junta deComercio Exterior para
formular yentregar demanera efectiva
programas defomento delaexportación
(porejemplo, mediante sondeos dela
oferta ylademanda, delegaciones de
promoción deexportaciones y
participación enferias comerciales ).
Formación depersonal jurídico,
aduanero, etc., entécnicas devaloración
aduanera, enlaaplicación delAcuerdo
sobre losADPIC yenlosaspectos
medioambientales relacionados conel
comercio.CCI Véase elapartado anterior.
Sepersigue laformación depersonal
apropiado paralagestión delcontrol de
calidad ylanormalización enel
contexto delosproyectos existentes y
ensectores específicos deproducción.
Estosecomplementa conotros
proyectos delCCIrelacionados con
servicios técnicos enelcomercio ycon
elPI(adjunto).
UNCTAD 1)Enelmarco delproyecto
ASYCUDA seimpartirá formación
delpersonal deaduanas.
2)También seprocederá aadaptar e
impartir elcurso
TRAINFORTRADE sobre comercio
ymedio ambiente.*
PNUD/
UNCTAD/
(OMPI )Cursillo regional enelámbito del
COMESA paralaformación de
funcionarios públicos, representantes
delsector privado yorganizaciones no
gubernamentales sobre política y
reglamentación enelmarco delaOMC.
*Sesolicita financiación.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 16
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección B-4(Cont.): Banco Mundial Apoyo alasautoridades fiscales de
Tanzanía.
Véase también lasección B-2.
OMC -Seproporcionará asistencia parala
revisión yadaptación dela
legislación alosAcuerdos dela
OMC (1998-2000).
-También seconcederá asistencia
paraelcumplimiento delAcuerdo
sobre losADPIC deconformidad
conelAcuerdo deCooperación
entre laOMC ylaOMPI,
proporcionando asistencia
tecnicolegal relacionada conlos
ADPIC.
-Además, enelmarco delPrograma
Integrado, serealizarán acuerdos
encaminados alaformación de
funcionarios enmateria deaduanas
(1998-2000).
Formación depersonal deproducción y
comercialización encontrol decalidad,
gestión ynormalización.CCI Elcomponente dedesarrollo delos
recursos humanos (HRD) delproyecto
anteriormente mencionado seorienta
hacia unamayor eficacia enlas
operaciones delasPYME, paraque
seancapaces deafrontar elauge
previsto delacompetencia yparticipen
deforma másefectiva enelcomercio
exterior y,porconsiguiente, enel
proceso deliberalización iniciado con
losproyectos nacionales actualmente en
marcha.
Banco
Mundial/
(CFI)LaCFIproporciona servicios de
asesoramiento enelmarco delFondo
Empresarial Africano delaCFI.
Formación deexportadores einstituciones
delsector privado, enparticular las
pequeñas ymedianas empresas, con
objeto depotenciar suparticipación enla
economía enelmarco delproceso de
liberalización.PNUD/
CCIEnelmarco delproyecto parala
gestión delapromoción comercial, el
PNUD cubrirá loscostos dealgunas
actividades formativas paralos
exportadores ydeloscursillos
divulgativos afindefamiliarizar alos
exportadores conlosestudios realizados
porlosasesores ensusáreas respectivas
deservicios/productos.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 17
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Sección B-4(Cont.): CCI/
UNCTAD/
OMCEstoestáparcialmente contemplado en
lospuntos 1.6y2.3delPI(adjunto).
PNUD (Junto conlaUNCTAD) Cursillo
regional enelámbito delCOMESA
paralaformación defuncionarios
públicos, representantes delsector
privado yorganizaciones no
gubernamentales sobre política y
reglamentación enelmarco delaOMC.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 18
Necesidades deasistencia técnica
identificadas enelcuestionarioOrganización Respuesta
Enrespuesta alapregunta Cb):WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 19
WTO, UNCTAD AND ITCINTEGRATED PROGRAMME FOR AFRICA (IP)
TANZANIA
I. CONTEXT
Ajoint"IntegratedTechnicalAssistanceProgramme"wasdevelopedin1996byITC,UNCTAD
andWTO tohelpselected leastdeveloped andother countries inAfrica, tobecome more effective
participants inthenewworld trading system andtoimplement theUruguay Round Agreements. The
programme provided forinformation andtraining activities aimed atbuilding localcapacities forthe
understanding andmanagement ofmultilateral trading system (MTS)-related issues. Tanzania was
among theeight selected African countries, covered bytheProgramme1,onapilot basis. A
programming exercise, wasundertaken in1996, toallow thethreeinternational organizations todesign
acountry-specific technical assistance project.
Tothisend,ajointfactfinding mission ofITC,UNCTAD andWTO visited Dar-Es-Salaam
from15to16July1996,andthiswasimmediatelyfollowedbyaneedsassessmentintechnicalassistance
fortradepromotion, carried outbyITC,from17to26July1996. Thefactfinding mission coincided
withthefinalization ofaformulation oftheproposed Export Development Strategy andAction Plan
forTanzania prepared byataskforce composed ofrepresentatives from thepublic andtheprivate
sectors, withexperts fromtheWorld Bank andtheEconomic Development Institute (EDI). Thejoint
needs identification mission andthesubsequent ITCneeds-assessment mission carried outtheirduties
against thisbackground, focusing onelements related tohuman resources andinstitutional capacity
building. TheITCneeds-assessment mission envisaged thewaystostrengthen Tanzania export supply
capacities andtopromote exports. Itproposed elements ofatechnical assistance project.
Onanother hand, ITChasbeenselected astheexecuting agency ofanimportant technical
assistance "subprogramme", composed ofasetofseven modules, pertaining tothevarious topics of
export promotion inTanzania. Thedetails ofthissubprogramme, jointly financed byUNDP, and
theGovernments oftheNetherlands andSwitzerland, aredescribed under thesection onOngoing
Technical Assistance (p.39). Toensure fullcomplementarity andcoordination between these ITC
implemented projects andthepresent jointITC/UNCTAD/WTO proposal, anadditional programming
andcoordination mission wasfielded toTanzania, from 19Julyto3August 1997.
Thepresent project proposal isthecombined result ofthese three investigation missions and
ofvarious meetings heldwiththeTanzanian authorities, institutions andenterprises. Itcontains details
ofactivities tobeimplemented byITC, UNCTAD andWTO respectively, intheframework ofthe
above-mentioned Integrated Technical Assistance Programme, infullcomplementarity with the
"subprogramme oftechnical cooperation ontheexternal trade ofTanzania".
II. DESCRIPTION OFTHE SUBSECTOR
A. Economic Background
1. Macroeconomic setting
TheUnited Republic ofTanzania isaunion statecomposed offormer Tanganyika andof
Zanzibar, which keeps some internal autonomy andhasitsowngovernment. In1994, Tanzania had
apopulation of28.8million people spread overanareaof945,200 sq.km. Itisoneofthethree
countries oftheEastAfrican Cooperation (EAC) arenewed formofthe"East African Community",
1Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Tunisia.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 20
which wasdissolved in1977. Tanzania isalsomember oftheCommon Market forEastern andSouthern
Africa (COMESA).
Average income percapita inTanzania remains among thelowest intheworld, atUS$120
perannum. About halfthepopulation stilllivesataverylowlevelofwelfare, which haveledtothe
adoption ofpoverty alleviation asthemain objective ofallTanzania ’sreforms andcooperation
programmes, notably oftheUNDP andtheWorld Bank. Land andclimatic resources arefavourable
torapid anddiversified growth intheagricultural andtourism sectors, aswellasinmining,
manufacturing andtransportation, Tanzania being situated atastrategic connecting position onthe
Indian Ocean withsecular ports atDar-Es-Salaam andZanzibar. However, inadequate infrastructure,
bothofphysical andsupport services, remain themain constraints tosignificant economic andsocial
development.
Agriculture produces about halfthenational GDP(57percentofadded value in1994), while
industry andservices produce 16.7and26.2percent, respectively. Overall merchandise exports of
Tanzania reached US$519 million in1994. Imports werevalued atUS$1.6 billion inthisyear, leaving
adeficit ofmore than$1billion, aheavy burden onthisfragile economy, representing animportant
factor inthedeficit onthecurrent account balance, thatreached US$900 million.
According tothe1995 UNDP Development Cooperation Report forTanzania, theeconomy
ofTanzania hasevolved through fourdistinct phases overthelast35years:
- Post-independenceperiod(1961tothemid-seventies),aperiodcharacterizedbygrowth;
- mid-1970s toendof1980, aperiod characterized byadecline;
- thedecade of1981-1990, aperiod characterized bythedeepening ofeconomic decline
andcrisis management through structural adjustment programmes; and
- 1990todate,aperiod ofaccelerated adjustment, recovery anddeepening ofreforms.
Themany structural handicaps which continue tofacetheeconomy andwhich arereflected
inbudget andtrade deficits, ahuge investment-saving gap,ahighrateofinflation, ahighrateof
unemployment andalowlevelofproductivity tendtoholdbackoverall economic performance. Real
GDP growth reached 3.5percentcompared to3.1percentachieved in1994. RealGDP percapita
stood atUS$120 in1994. However, theprojected rateofinflation shows adeclining trendfrom36.7per
centto15percentbytheendof1997.
Three macroeconomic objectives havebeensetinthecurrent medium-term strategy forfinancial
years (fy)1996/97 and1998/99 toaccelerate thegrowth ofeconomic activity andachieve higher per
capita incomes andreduce poverty: (i)arealGDP growth rateof6percent; (ii)anaverage rateof
inflation of5percent;and(iii)anexternal current account deficit of13.3percentofGDP (excluding
grants).
2. External trade sector
Tanzania ’seconomy isessentially agricultural. Theagriculture sector accounts for47percent
ofGDP. Iffishing andforestry areadded these threeactivities account for57percentofGDP(1994).
Incontrast, themanufacturing sector contributes amere 7.6percenttotheGDP (1994). Tanzania ’s
export performance overthepastseveral years hastherefore mainly beeninfluenced bythiseconomic
structure. Exports arechiefly composed ofagricultural commodities, accounting forapproximatelyWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 21
62percentoftotalexports ascompared to18percentrepresenting manufacturing exports in1994.2
Themain exports are:coffee, cotton, sisal, tea,tobacco, cashew nuts, manufactures andminerals.
Themainimportsare:machineryandtransportequipment,textileandclothing,petroleumandpetroleum
products, foodanddrink. Themajor trading partners are:theEuropean Union (EU), Japan andIndia.
Inrecent years, however, tradewithKenya andother partners inCOMESA hasincreased. Therevived
EastAfrican Cooperation (EAC) which includes Kenya, Tanzania andUganda, provides further scope
fortrade among these three countries.
Theshare ofservices intotalGDP stands ataround 40percentofGDP. Thesector hasa
greatpotential forbetter performance compared toprevious years, duetomarket-friendly policies which
havebeenputinplace torevive andstrengthen theeconomy. However, theservice sector remains
severely undeveloped andgreater efforts would berequired inthissector toincrease itscontribution
tothedevelopment ofthenational economy. In1995, thedeficit ontrade inservices was15percent
ofthetotaldeficit onmerchandise trade, further worsening theoverall current account deficit inthat
year. Tourism activities andtransport andportservices fortransit trade represent amain source of
non-factorserviceincome.Asregardstourism,thesectorcurrentlycontributeshalfoftheexportrevenue
from merchandise trade, equivalent toUS$322 million in1996.
Overall external trade sector performance hasbeenconstrained bythehighdependence on
primary products, which formthebulkofthecountry ’sexports. Theweak manufacturing baselimits
possibilities fortheexpansion anddiversification ofexports thepotential ofwhich remains significant.
Thedebtservice ratio(asapercentage ofthevalue ofexports ofgoods andservices) was62percent,
while thedebtoutstanding represented some 1,283 percentofmerchandise exports infy1994. This
considerably reduces thecapacity ofthecountry tomobilize resources forsaving andinvestment.
Tanzania accepted theobligations ofArticle VIIIoftheIMFArticles ofAgreement witheffect
from 15July1996. Thisimplies thatTanzania hasundertaken torefrain from imposing restrictions
onthemaking ofexternal payments andtransfers forcurrent international transactions, thuscontributing
toamultilateral payments system freeofrestrictions.
3. Regional Trade Agreements
Thepaceofeconomic integration ismoving fastagain inEastAfrica. Besides being afounding
andactive member ofCOMESA, Tanzania participates intherevival oftheEAC. Themain aimof
EAC isthestrengthening ofeconomic cooperation among itsmembers onaselective andpragmatic
basis, including thefacilitation oftrade through harmonization oftariffs, payments, transport andthe
movement ofpeople. Early achievements ofthiscooperation include thefullconvertibility ofthethree
currencies ofKenya, Uganda andTanzania, aswellasthecreation ofcommon internal passports.
Telephone communication hasbeenintegrated andmade cheaper thanother"trunk calls". Apreferential
tariff isintended toprevail within EAC. Other areas given priority arethefreemovement ofpeople
andcapital. TheNairobi stock exchange isalready opentoinvestment fromtheother twocountries
where businessmen canbuyshares inKenyan companies. TheDar-Es-Salaam stock exchange isto
opensoon, andwillalsobeaccessible toinvestors fromthetwoother countries ofEAC. InMay1997,
theHeads ofStateofthethreecountries adopted astrategy formoving theircountries tocloser economic
integration bytheyear2000.
Tanzania, however, remains theleastindustrialized among thethreeStates cooperating under
thenewcharter ofEAC, anditcanhardly compete withneighbouring country industries. Tanzania
views itsmembership insubregional andregional economic integration groupings asameans andnot
2Source: Tanzania Export Development Strategy, 1June 1996.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 22
asanalternative forintegrating itseconomy intotheglobal economy. Itiswiththisconviction that
Tanzania isparticipating intheexisting subregional andregional groupings.
Tanzania isamong the20countries thataremembers ofCOMESA, which hastheobjective
ofestablishing asubregional free-trade areabytheyear2000. Theothercountry members ofCOMESA
are:Angola, Burundi, theComoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Namibia, Rwanda, Seychelles, Swaziland, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda andZambia. In
April 1977, themember States agreed tocomplete theprocess forestablishing acustoms union by
theyear2004. They agreed toachieve acommon external tariff atthelevelof0,5,15,and30per
centforcapital goods, rawmaterials, intermediate goods andfinalgoods, respectively, bythatyear.
Member States havealready reduced internal tariffs byasmuch as80percent.Theyhavealsoeliminated
themajor non-tariff barriers andliberalized andstreamlined theirrules oforigin.
Tanzania alsobelongs totheSouthern African Development Community (SADC), asubregional
trading arrangement comprising 12States ofSouthern Africa namely: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho,
Malawi,Mauritius,Mozambique,Namibia,SouthAfrica,Swaziland,Tanzania,ZambiaandZimbabwe.
TheSADC member States haverecently adopted aTrade Protocol aimed atestablishing afree-trade
areafortheliberalization ofintra-SADC trade ingoods andservices andadoption ofrelevant trade
laws(SPS, TBT, anti-dumping, subsidies, countervailing duties andsafeguards). Inaccordance with
theProtocol provisions, theSADC FreeTrade Areawillbeestablished within eight years following
theentry intoforce ofthisProtocol.
4. TheTanzanian export base
AccordingtotheBankofTanzania,totalexportsarebelievedtohavereached,morethanUS$760
million in1996, asagainst 1.2billion ofimports (down from1.34bnin1995), leaving atradebalance
deficit ofUS$580 million. Tanzania relies onafewrawmaterial exports, sixofwhich make upabout
twothirds ofthecountry 'sforeign earnings: coffee, cotton, cashew nuts,tobacco, teaandsisal, whose
exportsincreasedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Thesecommoditiesarehighlydependentonthevariability
ofweather conditions anddeclining terms oftrade oninternational markets.
Tanzanian exports 1991-1995
(US$ million and%)
Years 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 %95
Total 319 370 378 506 699100.00
Coffee 71 52 82 112 145 20.74
Cotton 58 85 66 102 124 17.74
Manufactured products 53 55 45 75 113 16.17
Cashew nuts 15 19 19 51 65 9.30
Minerals 36 39 59 29 46 6.58
Petroleum products 6 7 12 5 11 1.57
Sisal 2 1 3 5 60.86
Cloves 3 5 4 0 00.00
Other products 75 107 88 127 189 27.04
Source: Bank ofTanzania, Economic bulletin. (Figures inTShhave been converted toUS$, ataverage rates,
andindicated bythesame source).WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 23
Over theperiod 1991 to1995, Tanzania exports haveincreased atanaverage annual growth
rateof13.6percent. Thisisduetogood prices forcoffee andcotton, butalsototheincreasing
participation ofprivate enterprises inexport business, since theliberalization offoreign trade with
theabolition ofexport andimport licences. Unrecorded exports arebelieved torepresent almost double
theabove figures. These consist virtually ofallgoldexports andalarge partofthegemstones, and
partofthecoffee andcotton trade, duetoprice differentials. Unregistered imports range from food
products toother consumer goods smuggled infromvarious origins, especially fromSouth-East Asia
andtheGulfregion. There isaneedfortheGovernment totakestrategic measures todiversify Tanzania
exports, towards more manufactured goods, services andnon-traditional exports.
B. Institutional Framework
Among theinstitutions involved inforeign tradebusiness development, thatcould berelevant
tothecurrent programme proposal, thefollowing should bementioned.
1. Focal point fortheimplementation oftheMTS
TheDirectorate ofTrade attheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade isthefocalpointforoverseeing
internal andexternal tradematters, andtheimplementation oftradeagreements, including theUruguay
Round Agreements (URAs). Asregards thefollow-up oftheUruguay Round, anInter-Ministerial
Technical Committee onWTO Agreements (IMTC) hasbeenestablished. Itisentrusted withthetask
ofimplementation andcoordination among various interested parties. TheCommittee hasheldaseries
ofmeetings, butdoesnotyethaveprecise terms ofreference, noramedium-term work plan. Ithas
nomode ofoperation, anditscomposition hasnotbeenmade official. Itconsists of18members under
thechairmanship oftheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade. Fourofthemembers represent theenterprise
andprivate sector. TheBoard ofExternal Trade isnotrepresented ontheCommittee. IMTC has
sponsored afewworkshops organized byITC,UNCTAD andWTO toexplain theURAs. Ithasalso
worked onsome notifications made toWTO. Ingeneral theIMTC handles issues astheyarise.
2. Public andprivate sector institutions active intrade promotion
TheBoard ofInternal Trade (BIT) wasformerly incharge ofsupervising theoperations of
regional trading companies. These trading companies andtheBIThavesincebeendissolved, although
BIThasnotyetbeenfullydissolved, butithasremained idleduring thepastyears. TheBank of
Tanzania (BOT) usedtohave anExport Promotion Department, withtwodivisions, incharge of
(i)monitoringthesituationandevolutionofTanzanianexportsoftraditionalandnon-traditionalproducts,
and(ii)studying export policy withregard toexport finance andinternational organizations. The
activities ofthisdepartment havebeenmoulded inthetrade policy department, butwithnoparticular
focus onexport promotion.
Thefollowing aretheprincipal parastatal institutions andlocalnon-governmental organizations
(NGOs) helping private sector andforeign trade enterprises:
(a) TheBoard ofExternal Trade (BET)
BETwasestablished in1978, through anActofParliament, withthemandate toformulate
atradedevelopment strategy, todevelop anexport infrastructure, spearhead thecountry 'sexport drive
andadvise theGovernment oninternational traderelations, tradepolicy andinternational andregional
trade organizations. BEThasimplemented onlypartofthismandate, duetodifficulties linked tothe
scarcity ofresources andasresult ofafire(atitspremises) in1995which hascontinuously handicapped
itbydepriving itofitstrade information facilities, andbyblocking, among other projects, theWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 24
implementation ofaNational Trade Point. Since thistime, BEThasalsobeenconfined tooperations
ininadequate temporary andnarrow office premises.
However, BETfeelsthatithasdemonstrated itseffectiveness asafocal point forreceiving
external technical assistance intheforeign trade sector, andincarrying outthefollowing duties:
- Organizing trade fairsandexhibitions, aswellastrade missions andbuyers-sellers
meetings;
- providing trade information toexporters, despite itslimited infrastructure;
- conducting supply anddemand surveys.
Until recently, BEThasalsoperformed aregulatory role,ingranting export licences, andin
designing andadministering export incentive schemes. Thisrolehasdisappeared withtheadvent of
theliberalization policy oftheGovernment.
Many proposals forrestructuring BEThavebeensubmitted totheGovernment, noneofwhich
haveyetbeenimplemented. TheTaskForce fortheRestructuring ofIndustrial Support Organizations
(ISOs), functioning under thesponsorship oftheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade hassubmitted areport
totheGovernment, which proposes anewroleandarenewed structure forBET, toincrease itsefficiency
andselfsustainability, aswellasdeveloping thecommercialization ofitsservices totheTanzanian
export community. Ontheother hand, thecreation ofaTanzania Export andInvestment Promotion
Agency (TEIPA), asproposed bythePlanning Commission initsreport ontheExport Development
Strategy for1997-2001, hasbeen practically dropped. BothIPCandBET, which weretobereplaced
byTEIPA, arecurrently undergoing restructuring.
(b) TheTanzania Chamber ofCommerce Industries andAgriculture (TCCIA)
TCCIAwasestablishedin1988asanapexbody,representingtheTanzanianbusinesscommunity.
Todayithas18branchesinmainlandTanzania.InZanzibarasimilarorganizationisactive,theZanzibar
Chamber ofCommerce, Industries andAgriculture. TCCIA hasthreecategories ofmembers, namely,
promoters, associations, andordinary membership. Itisdedicated toassist business people tostart
anddeveloptheiroperations,throughimproveddesignandqualityoftheirproducts.Amongtheservices
offered byTCCIA thefollowing canbementioned:
- Participation intrade fairs;
- business information;
- secretarial services;
- counselling services;
- client identification;
(c) Training inbusiness management. TheConfederation ofTanzanian Industries (CTI)
CTIwasofficially established in1991. Originally, itwasregarded asabodytorepresent the
private sector initssearch forrecognition inthechanging economic climate ofTanzania. Itsbroad
mandate callsforitto:
- Promote, develop andencourage manufacturing business inTanzania;
- provide aforum fordialogue between members oftheConfederation andthe
Government, onmatters ofpublic policy, pertaining tothemanufacturing business;WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 25
- recommend totheGovernment newlegislation andamendments affecting the
manufacturing industries (investment act,tradeliberalization, industrial policy, etc.);
- collect, disseminate andmake available tothebusiness community dataandinformation
pertaining toindustrial production anddevelopment.
CTI, with thehelpofUNIDO, hasformulated itsvision forthefuture ofTanzanian
manufacturing enterprises andprivate sector development. Thisvision iscontained inadocument
published inJanuary 1996.
Among themeasures tostrengthen CTI, the"Way forward" suggests several avenues:
- Meetings among members;
- publication ofaquarterly newsletter;
- establishment ofalibrary andelectronic datasystem;
- initiating ideas andproposals;
- addressing theneeds oftheinformal sector;
- networking withcounterpart organizations;
- preparation ofabusiness codeofethics;
- education andtraining ofmembers, onquality standards, productivity and
human resource development;
- recruitment ofmembers other thanindustrialists; and
- strengthening theCTIsecretariat; attracting donor support.
(d) TheTanzania Bureau ofStandards (TBS)
Thisisapublic sector institution incharge ofstandardization andquality control, which was
formed in1975. Among theaspects offoreign trademanagement anddevelopment, where TBSextends
specific services, thefollowing could benoted:
- Quality management (certification, inspection, andquality control);
- technical assistance toimporters andexporters, including advisory services andtraining
ofexporters inquality assurance andmanagement aspects, including ISO9000;
- export andimport inspection testsoncommercial consignments todeliver certificates
ofconformity;
- technical information covering, inparticular, standards andquality management issues.
TBShasbenefited, asapilotinstitution, from anITCimplemented project toassist quality
promotion organizations intheSADC countries. Capacity building didprove tobesustainable, but
stillneeds further strengthening. TBSholds thePackdata andQualidata databases, which havenot
beenupdated since theproject wasterminated three orfouryears ago. Theinstitution iswellstaffed
andhasresource people whoarerelatively aware ofthetechnical barriers totrade andother quality
relevant issues contained intheURAs.
(e) TheTanzanian Exporters Association (TANEXA)
TANEXA isanon-profit organization grouping about 65exporters, ofsome 120to400
Tanzanian exporters, whocould become members oftheAssociation. Almost allsectors ofTanzanian
exports arerepresented inTANEXA, namely, agriculture, horticulture, natural resources, tourism,WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 26
manufactured goods, minerals andgemstones, andtrade inservices. TANEXA, however, seems to
berather weak. Ithasnoindependent headquarters anditsoffices arelocated atitspresident 'sbusiness
premises, which doesnotcontribute tothepromotion ofitsimage asanorganization thatcaneffectively
lookafterthepublic interest ofitsmembers.
TANEXA triestointeract withtheGovernment, anditsleadership meets occasionally with
Government representatives todeliver memoranda andexpress opinion ontrade policy issues. Italso
participatedinthePlanningCommissionTaskForce,whichformulatedtheExportDevelopmentStrategy
for1997-2001 forTanzania.
TANEXA hasbenefited fromUNDP assistance intheformofcomputer andoffice equipment.
Itneeds training onhowtousetheequipment andtodisseminate information toitsmembers. Atechnical
assistance project financed bytheSpanish Government isunder negotiation, andwillprovide long-term
financing tohorticulture producers andexporters. Italsofacilitates therealization ofstorage facilities
forexport.
(f) TheTanzania Business Centre (TBC)
Originally theBusiness Centre wasafive-year USAID project, started in1993, designed to
boost private initiative inTanzania, andtoincrease theability oftheprivate sector tocontribute to
thecountry 'seconomic growth. Atthemid-term evaluation oftheProject, itwasadvised tosplitthe
Centre intothree parts, two"private companies" andanon-governmental organization, allchartered
under Tanzanian law. They arestillfullyfinanced byUSAID, untiltheendof1998. TBC actsas
aholding company thatmonitors thethree arms thusformed tocater forthedifferent functions
presumably needed bytheprivate sector. Although there hasbeennoassessment oftheTanzanian
market forsuchservices, thepromoters feelthatenough demand exists fortheirservices. Ithasto
benoted, however, thatnoinvestment isplanned inthetrade information sector. These facilities are
nowfunctioning asprivate firms, thatbenefit fromUSAID support, andtheyarenotdesigned tofunction
withanyparticular attention toexport activities. They aremore generally focused onbusiness
development ofsmall andmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs). AtTBCheadquarters, anumber ofbooks
andlocally produced guides (apparently using prototypes) areoffered forsale.
(l) Theprivate sector initiative (PSI)
Thisisanon-profit organization, incorporated under theCompany Ordinance ofTanzania,
toassist andsupport theemergence andstrengthening ofprivate sector approaches toTanzania 's
economic development. ThePSIaims:
- Towork withallstakeholders toarticulate theprinciples upon which private sector
development isbased;
- toassist private sector entities todefine andputintooperation programmes thatadhere
totheprinciples ofdemocratic organization;
- tooperate asanindependent voice oftheprivate sector; and
- toassistincatalyzingprivatesectorawarenessaroundissuesofpolicyandorganizational
reforms.
Toachieve these broad goals, basically political innature, PSIactsattheideas, institutions,
andpolicy levels. Itiscurrently starting atechnical assistance project withTCCIA, which alsoreceivesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 27
assistance fromSIDA. Thecontent ofthisproject isdescribed inthesection below oncurrent technical
assistance (p.22).
(2) TheFinance andEnterprise Development Associates Ltd.(FEDA)
FEDA isa"professional firm", thatemerged from TBC'sreorganization toprovide quality
business consulting services totheTanzanian market trough anetwork ofconsulting firms andateam
oftrainedstaff.TherangeofservicesofferedbyFEDAisverywide:marketresearch,businessplanning,
market development, market-oriented feasibility studies, venture partner location, postfinancing
oversight, portfolio development andmanagement, programme design andimplementation. FEDA
actsonafeebasis, setinlinewithprevailing market rates.
AUS$3 million grant willsoonbeentrusted toFEDA formanagement, toextend credits to
small business enterprises inTanzania.
(3) Enterprise Development Centre (EDC)
Thisisanon-profit company, registered inMay1997, under theCompany Ordinance, todeliver
basically training services toTanzanian business enterprises. EDC ismeant tocarry overtheactivities
oftheBusiness centre training unit. Since 1994, theprogramme hasorganized 134five-day business
management skillsworkshops in17regions ofTanzania, aswellasproviding customer designed training
services.
C. Strategy oftheGovernment withregard toExternal Trade Development
1. TheExport Development Strategy andAction Plan(1997-2001)
Ataskforce acted under theleadership ofthePlanning Commission, attached totheOffice
ofthePresident during 1995 andthefirsthalfof1996, todesign aTanzania Export Development
Strategy andAction Planfortheperiod of1997-2001. Thetaskforcewascomposed ofrepresentatives
ofthePlanning Commission, BankofTanzania, theMinistries ofFinance, Agriculture, Tourism, Trade
andIndustry, aswellastheBoard ofExternal Trade, theTanzania Chamber ofCommerce, Industry
andAgriculture, theConfederation ofTanzanian Industries andtheTanzanian Exporters Association.
Adocument wassubmitted totheGovernment, containing aproposal aiming atexpanding and
diversifying Tanzania 'sexports. Thedocument contains asetofrecommendations, including studies
covering policy-related constraints toexport development, institutional reform measures, aswellas
proposals forthestrengthening oftheTanzanian export infrastructure. Therecommendations arebased
onareview oftheneeds forexport support services, training forexporters, training inexport-related
strategic planning, creation ofmarket linkages through better access totrade dataandcommercial
information. Thecapacity ofprivate andpublic sector institutions totrainhuman resources involved
inmanaging Tanzania 'sexternal trade isalsoproposed tobedeveloped.
Toachieve thequantified objective ithassetforTanzania, namely anexport volume of
US$1.7 billion bytheyear2001, thestrategy isarticulated around fourpillars:
- Policy alignment, covering:
- themodernization andupgrading ofthelegalsystem;
- thestreamlining oftheregulatory system andrevision ofexport incentives/
customs procedures.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 28
- institutional alignment:
- establishment ofanExport Development Council;
- establishmentofaTanzaniaExportandInvestmentPromotionAgency(TEIPA);
- establishment ofExport Advisory Committees (EACs);
- formulation ofanExport Development budget.
- infrastructural development:
- financial infrastructure;
- physical infrastructure
- capacity development:
- education
- export skills andproductivity development
- product development andadaptation
- subsector studies
- information network andmarket linkages
- public sector institutional capacity
- civilservice personnel capacity
2. TheISOThink Tank ontheindustry support organizations 'reform programme
TheThink Tank onthereform ofindustrial support organization isaconsultative body set
upin1996bytheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade, withfinancial andtechnical assistance fromSweden.
Itswork wascarried outsimultaneously withthatofthePlanning Commission, related tothedefinition
ofanexport development strategy. Several members oftheThink Tank werealsomembers ofthetask
force working under thePlanning Commission. Itsmission wastomake proposals totheGovernment
onreorganizing sixISOs, namely theBoard ofExternal Trade, theTanzania Bureau ofStandards,
theTanzanianIndustrialStudiesandConsultingOrganizations(TISCO),theSmallIndustriesDevelopment
Organization (SIDO), theTanzanian Industrial Research Development Organization (TIRDO), the
TanzaniaEngineeringandManufacturingDesignOrganization(TEMDO),andtheCentreforAgricultural
Mechanization andRural Technology (CAMARTEC). Theoverall framework ofthereform consists
ofdefining newmissions fortheabove-mentioned organizations tobring them intolinewiththe
liberalization option andtomake them selfsustainable. TheThink Tank hadtoformulate forthese
organizations avision andmission, toensure ownership andconsequently toreview theirestablishment
acts.
With regard toBET, theThink Tank which drafted itsfinalreport towards theendof1996,
hasindicated twocategories ofservices tobedelivered bytheorganization: corecommercial andcore
public functions. Itsuggested some organizational retouching andarestructuring ofitsboard of
directors.
III. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
A. Problems andConstraints oftheForeign Trade Sector
Tanzania ismoving from aState-controlled economy toafullyliberal andprivatized one.
Controls onagricultural inputs andmarket prices wereabolished. Quantitative import controls were
removed onmostgoods, except forselected items inrelation tosecurity andpublic health. Impediments
toexports werecarefully removed including abolishing surrender requirements onforeign exchangeWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 29
earnings onnon-traditional exports, elimination oflicensing andregistration requirements forexports
andthereduction ofexport permits. Export licensing hasalsobeenremoved, although some products
arestillprohibited forsaleabroad, suchasstaple foodmaize andrice.
Fiscal regimes havebeensimplified andinvestment incentives adopted. However, theseremain
difficult toimplement, since theInvestment Promotion Centre doesnotyetfunction asaone-stop
window. Exchange rateandtradepolicy reforms areincluded intheefforts tofoster investment from
theprivate sector inexport-oriented industries. Adutydrawback system wasintroduced tenyears
ago,butremains non-operational duetoshortage ofliquidity.
1. Limited export base
Asinmany other developing countries, lackofexport diversification isthemost important
constraint toexport development. Adding more value toexported goods isthekeytoemployment
creation andtoeconomic andsocial growth. Export diversification ispicking uprelatively fast,but
theexport baseremains limited asitnowstands. Considering Tanzania ’sgreat potential, itcould be
broadened overthemedium term, ifthecountry wastoexploit thecomparative advantages itmayhave
forsome non-traditional products, such assemi-precious stones (that could form abasefora
semi-industrial jewellery industry), andoff-season agricultural products, which could beexported to
neighbouring Gulfcountries andtoEurope.
Technical assistance programmes should address thisissuebyidentifying those product groups,
which display good potential. They should alsohelptoboost export-oriented investments inthe
subsectorsidentified,thankstowelldefinedsectoralstrategiesandappropriatespottingofmarketniches.
2. Lack ofreadily available andup-to-date marketing information
Trade information isnotaccessible tothemajority ofinvestors andexporters inTanzania.
There isnoadequate tradeinformation system toprovide updated information toexporters anddecision
makers intheadministration. TheBoard ofExternal Trade didoperate inthepastatrade information
facility butthiswasdestroyed byfire. Itcurrently hasatrade information department which tries
torespond toexporters/importers needs, using adhocfacilities andmethods. TheTanzania Chamber
ofCommerce, Industries andAgriculture alsohasatrade information library which contains afew
reference books anddocumentation fromITCandother sources. Itisfrequently visited bybusiness
people andstudents whoseekinformation ontrading opportunities andforeign markets. Thefacility
israther weak andhasnotrade information manager.
3. Weak quality management inproducing andexporting enterprises
Quality management isbeginning tobecome anissue forenterprises engaged inexport
production, aswellasinimports fromneighbouring anddistant countries. Thisisemphasized bythe
privatization andliberalization ofmost sectors oftheTanzania economy. TheTanzania Bureau of
Standards (TBS) stillseems tolacktherequired technical capacities.
4. Expensive andscarce export financing
Export credit andfinancing facilities areinefficient inTanzania, aswellasexport guarantee
schemes. Thisdeepens thecompetitiveness gapwithcompeting countries. Thefragility ofthefinancial
sector isaserious impediment toheavy investment forexport.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 30
5. Lack ofappropriate knowledge ofthemultilateral trading system
Human resources areavailable, buttheydonothavesufficient skills tomeetthedynamic nature
ofthemultilateral trading system. Institutional capacity islowandthere islittleknowledge ofthe
URAs. Thisapplies topublic sector officials andmore specifically toprivate sector executives, at
bothinstitutional andenterprise levels, mainly because businesses arerunmore ona"traditional" basis
rather thanbytheuseofappropriate professional skills.
Smuggling ofgoods fromvarious origins seems tobeabigproblem forcustoms revenues and
forcompetition onthelocalmarket. Infact,thehighcostofinputs reduces thecompetitiveness of
national industries. Many agricultural andindustrial products could become more competitive iftheir
costs were better assessed andtheirprices fixed according torealistic market strategies.
B. Needs forTechnical Assistance
Tanzania isaco-founder oftheWTO. Itwasaveryactive country during theUruguay Round
negotiations, onbehalf ofLDCs. Nevertheless, awareness andunderstanding oftheURAs inTanzania
remain veryweak, within boththepublic andprivate sectors, despite thepresentation ofseveral
workshops andanumber ofmissions inDar-Es-Salaam undertaken byITC,WTO, UNCTAD, FAO
andUNIDO.
Thefollowing needs havebeenexpressed byrepresentatives ofvarious institutions metwith
during theneeds assessment andProject design missions.
1. Understanding theAgreements
Understanding theimplications oftheUruguay Round Agreements forTanzania 'seconomy
isconsidered asapriority needbymany public sector officials andprivate sector executives. Activities
aimed atenhancing theunderstanding oftheAgreements should target policy makers andpublic
executives, andespecially those persons involved inthedesign oftrade strategies atthePlanning
Commission andinthevarious ministries. Asabeginning, emphasis should beplaced ontheMinistry
ofIndustries andTrade. Business Guide seminars should beofgreat benefit totheheads ofprivate
sector institutions andenterprises, while suchevents targeted onparliamentarians, media professionals
andjournalists, would enable them topassonrelevant information tothegeneral public.
2. Institutional support
Athorough review ofthetradeandbusiness legislation isenvisaged bytheMinistry ofJustice,
which needs tobeassisted inthisreview exercise andinthedrafting ofappropriate legislation that
complies withtheAgreements. TheCustoms Department, which asked foratransitional period for
theimplementation oftheWTO valuation methods, alsoneeds support intheoperation ofASYCUDA
tobuild upacustoms database onprices, thatwould beusedintheimplementation oftheAgreements
oncustoms valuation, anti-dumping andsubsidies. TheCustoms Department alsoneeds totrainits
officials andoperational personnel ontheprovisions oftheUruguay Round Agreements, aswellas
onissues oftheCommon External Tariff tobesetupintheframework ofregional cooperation schemes,
suchastheEAC ortheCOMESA.
3. Capacity building
Asalreadystated,theawarenessandunderstandingoftheAgreementsareveryweakinTanzania,
within boththepublic andprivate sectors, which explains whynoaction hasyetbeentaken withregardWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 31
totheimplementationoftheURAs(notifications,designationofinquirypoints,implementinglegislation,
etc.).
(a) Government
Asthefocalpoint fortheimplementation oftheURAs atthisstageistheMinistry ofIndustries
andTrade,anInter-MinisterialTechnicalCommitteeonWTOAgreements(IMTC)hasbeenestablished,
chargedwiththetaskofimplementationandcoordinationamongvariousinterestedparties.TheMinistry
ofIndustries andTrade should beassisted inorganizing thiscoordinating body, including thedesign
ofitsrules andprocedures ofoperation, theelaboration ofashort andmedium-term work plan, the
establishment ofworking groups and"task forces" andtheadoption oftheirterms ofreference. The
IMTC could enhance interlinkage andthesharing ofinformation between private sector andpublic
administration, bothintheTanzania mainland andintheStateofZanzibar, where specific needs were
expressed. ItisclearthatTanzanian representatives atinternational trade meetings needtobebetter
trained innegotiating techniques andtobebetter informed about theissues andchallenges ofthese
negotiations.
(b) Private sector institutions andenterprises
TheTanzania private sector re-emerged intheearly 1990s following decades ofacentrally
planned andstatist economy. Butindigenous private enterprises inthiscountry remain small insize
andlackdeep-rootedexperienceinmodernindustrialandcommercialmanagement.Theinformalsector,
however, isasource ofpotential entrepreneurs andinvestors.
Withliberalization andpublic divestment, theroleofGovernment isbasically turned towards
policy formulation andeconomic arbitration. Inthefieldofexport, theTanzania Export Development
Strategy andAction Planprovides forsome priority measures tobeimplemented onthepolicy and
institutional side. Some action from theGovernment toconcretize these measures would constitute
aclearsigntotheprivate sector confirming theliberal options. Thestrategic proposals formulated
bythetaskforce ought tobepublicly debated, andsome follow-up given bytheGovernment andby
private sector institutions.
Tostrengthen theefficiency ofprivate sector organizations inrelation totheirroleinTanzania
integration intheworld economy, representatives ofprivate sector institutions alsoneedtobebetter
accustomed tointernational trade negotiating techniques andtothechallenges thatthese international
negotiations imply. Furthermore, theirtechnical capacity toassist enterprises within theirrespective
constituencies should bereinforced intheidentification andexploitation ofmedium- andlong-term
trading opportunities.
Many technical assistance projects arefocused onthisstrengthening task, asshown under
Section DonOngoing Technical Assistance. When itcomes toimplementation ofthemultilateral
system rules andtaking advantage ofmarket access opportunities, seminars arerequired tomake
individual firms aware oflawsandregulations governing international business practices, andtoenable
business andindustrial communities toknow theirrights under theAgreements. Enterprises needto
besensitized ontheimpact ofMTS intheirrespective areas ofinterest. Thebenefits under current
trade arrangements should behighlighted. Inthisrespect, enterprises needtoidentify competitors
andbusiness opportunities.
4. Product andmarket development
Among theactions thatwould contribute tothediversification oftheTanzanian export base
andexport outlets, twosetsofactivities would berecommended:WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 32
- Attheproduction level:
- Sensitization activities should bedirected tofarmers atfarm-root level, to
encourage product diversification through provision ofadequate information
onalternative market outlets andtrading experiences ofother countries.
- There isalsoaneedtoreinforce extension services inthisparticular field, to
build upalocalcapacity ofproviding farmers andsmallholders withadvisory
services inproduct diversification.
- Atthemarketing level:
- Market diversification efforts should becoordinated withactions tofoster the
newly established EAC andCOMESA.
- Prospecting ofnewmarkets andthestaging ofbuyers-sellers meetings, aswell
asorganizing trade missions toneighbouring countries andidentification of
"market niches".
5. Market andinvestment information
Market information isamajor needinTanzania, where noefficient trade information system
isoperating toprovide readily usable dataoninternational demand forTanzanian goods andservices,
onthequality requirements ofthese markets, onprices andother datathatwould facilitate market
penetration, aswellasonschedules ofconcessions, under Uruguay Round Agreements. TheCOMESA
TINET isoperated attheChamber ofCommerce, witharather lowprofile (since almost noinputs
havebeenadded tothedatabase) bylocaloperators limiting theirsharing withother TINET outlets.
TheBEThasbeendeprived ofitsmarket information facilities sinceAugust 1995asalready indicated.
Furthermore, thelevelandquality ofresources allocated totradeinformation sofar,areunlikely
toallow foranimprovement ofthissituation. But,theongoing technical assistance projects mentioned
inSection D(p.22)areexpected tostrengthen thecapacity ofseveral institutions toassist private
sector enterprises anddecision makers. However, most technical assistance projects docontain a
component devoted todevelop tradeinformation capacities ortoprovide suchinformation totheprivate
sector. Presently, sucharrangements canbefound inthefollowing projects (further details listed under
Ongoing Technical Assistance inSection Dbelow).
Thefollowing institutions arecurrently receiving ortargeted byforeign technical assistance
provision inthefieldofinformation:
Ministry ofIndustries andTrade (MIT) UNIDO/UNDP,
Tanzania Chamber ofCommerce, Industries andTrade (TCCIA) UNIDO/UNDP/SIDA
Confederation ofTanzania Industries (CTI) UNIDO/UNDP/DANIDA
Investment Promotion Centre (IPC) UNIDO/UNDP
Chamber ofMines UNIDO/UNDP
Board ofExternal Trade (BET) - Trade information facility
- Trade point initiativeITC/UNDP/JICA
UNCTAD
Tanzania Exporters Association (TANEXA) ITC/UNDP
Tanzania Board ofStandards (TBS) SIDA
Customs Department UNCTADWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 33
There isastrong needtointegrate these initiatives, inorder tohelptheconcerned institutions
tosetupaneffective Tanzania Economic andTrade Information System (TETIS). Thiscoordination
effort would ensure increased efficiency andavoid overlapping thatcould bedetrimental toallofthese
organizations.
Since theoverall population ofexporters inTanzania, whowould constitute themain target
oftrade information inthecountry, isestimated torange between 120and300active firms ofatotal
of400registered exporters, thetradeinformation providers will,inevitably, address alimited number
ofcustomers, trimming eachother'ssupposed profitability. Nottomention theinability ofeachof
these totackle alltechnical aspects oftrade andmarket information atonce, because ofinsufficient
internal capacity andlackofresources.
TETISwouldorganizecollection,disseminationandexchangeofdata,amongalllocalproducers,
intermediaries, distributors andusers ofeconomic andtradeinformation. Eachmember organization,
capitalizing onitscomparative advantage, would specialize intheproduction anddistribution ofagiven
typeofinformation. Instead ofevery organization -especially thegeneralists among them -trying to
establish databases oneachandeverything, withlittlesuccess, theywould share roles, according to
theirexpertiseandavailableresources.Inthisrespect,informationonqualityspecifications,forexample,
would bebesthandled bytheTanzania Bureau ofStandards, while trading opportunities inTanzania
andlocaltenders andbids,would betheresponsibility ofTCCIA, thanks toitsnetwork ofbranches.
BETwould specialize intrading opportunities inthesubregion andabroad, andinternational callsfor
tender. TheBank ofTanzania would provide information onfinancial services, andtheCustoms
Department would provide tariffinformation andforeign tradestatistics. TheMinistry ofAgriculture
would usethesystem todisseminate relevant information onagricultural production, livestock,
commodity prices, etc.Training opportunities might bebestcollected anddisseminated byCBE.
Thesystem would alsobeopen toprivate information providers. Assetforth, TETIS isexpected
toembrace complementary modules, relating to:
- Themultilateral trading system (Reference Centres);
- marketing opportunities;
- market research;
- market news andprice trends;
- physical distribution (including transit, transport andpackaging);
- technology information;
- opportunities forinvestment andpartnerships;
- financing andcredit opportunities;
- production andforeign trade statistics, etc;
- training opportunities;
- quality requirements inTanzania andinthetarget countries.
Information users willbeabletoaccess totherequested information wherever itwould be
available, either online orthrough enquiries tothevarious nodes. Whenever possible, thesystem is
expected tofunction onacommercial basis. TETIS would belinked toTINET, theITCsupported
subregional tradeinformation system ofCOMESA. Theestablishment oftheTanzania Economic and
Trade Information System willbeoperated aspartoftheTanzania Trade Point facility, tobeestablished.
Theestablishment ofTETIS fallsinlinewithrecommendations formulated byITCin1991.
However, studies carried outatthattimeneedtobeupdated totakeintoconsideration thelatest
developments inconnectivity andInternet technologies, currently inplace inTanzania. Theupdating
ofthesestudies would beanopportunity tocarry outathorough assessment oftheneeds ofthebusiness
community inTanzania foreconomic, trade andtechnological information. Inthisrespect, ithasto
bepointed outthatthecurrent sizeofthetradeinformation market inTanzania isunknown. Therefore,WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 34
amarket survey ontrade information inTanzania needs tobeundertaken. Itwould categorize the
needs ofusers andpropose priorities. Itshould alsohighlight thecapacity andcomparative advantages
oflocal information producers anddistributors, matching their competitiveness withinternational
information providers. Thissurvey willcapitalize onrelevant information available, suchasthestudy
undertaken byCTIontheassessment oftheinformation needs ofinvestors, foritsownuse.Thesurvey
willbeconducted according totheITCmethodology recently developed toassess theneeds intrade
information.
Onthebasisofthemarket survey, afeasibility study should thenbeundertaken, todetermine
theconfiguration andmodes ofoperation ofTETIS. Itwillprospect allitspotential members, to
ascertain theirparticipation, andevaluate theirneeds interms ofequipment, human resources and
connectivity inTanzania andabroad. Thesetting upofTETIS should helptorealize economies of
scale andavoid waste oflocalanddonor resources, asbefore stated.
Thefeasibility study willtakeintoconsideration theexisting connectivity facilities inTanzania,
where nineInternet Service Providers (ISPs), using thelatest satellite technology, arenowcompeting.
BETalsoplanstobecome anISP.Furthermore, thefeasibility study willenvisage establishing databases
onTanzania, offering thatinformation toalltypes ofsubscribers, betheynational orforeign users,
through Websites. Information oninvestment, business regulations, tourism aswellasexport and
import opportunities, would certainly beveryuseful toexternal partners ofthecountry. Inaddition,
possibilities forthesystem members tousethee-mail facilities ofthenetwork todisseminate business
opportunities through GTPNetandtheInternet, willbeassessed.
Themarket survey andfeasibility study willhelptoshape outTETIS andindicate theways
andmeans tobring itintoeffective operation.
6. Quality management issues
Information about theprovisions oftheUruguay Round Agreements should bepassed to
enterprises through theirumbrella organizations andtheTanzanian Bureau ofStandards. Inthisrespect
technical assistance should:
- Strengthen capacities inquality auditing andmanagement;
- Provide forthetraining ofsanitary andphytosanitary inspectors inquality inspection
atentry points ofimports, toavoid rejection ofgoods atreceiving ends, andprevent
dangerous goods from entering thecountry;
- Help Tanzania insetting upitsEnquiry Points asrequired bytheAgreements on
technical barriers totrade, sanitary andphytosanitary measures. Develop testing
capacities andquality control atentry points;
- Draw advantage fromtheEnquiry Points ofother countries andfromtheWTO system
ofmanagement oftechnical barriers totrade, thatallows fordiscussion ofquality
standards andlegislation inpartner countries.
Quality systems within export enterprises should alsobedeveloped andtesting equipment and
techniques should bemade available, forbetter performance byTanzanian traders oninternational
markets.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 35
C. Export Development Potentials
1. Traditional exports
Despite animportant riseinexport volumes overthefiveyears, theimpact onthetradebalance
remained limited duetothedeterioration oftheterms oftrade, thedepreciation oftheexchange rate
andtheoverall decrease inworld prices forthose products, thathavebeenonlymodestly improving
since 1993.
Thetraditional crops cover mainly cashcrops: coffee, tea,cotton, tobacco, cashew nuts,and
pyrethrum. These traditional products, which havebeenhandled untilrecent times bystatemarketing
boards, areusually considered asselfpromoted anddonotrequire anyadditional promotional activities.
BEThasopted recently, despite theprogressive privatization ofmostmarketing channels oftraditional
goods, todevote itsresources andefforts towhatitcallsthenon-traditional products.
2. Non-traditional exports
Thirteen non-traditional products (NTPs) have been identified byBET, forwhich supply
capability studies havebeenundertaken withtheassistance ofUNDP andtheInternational Trade Centre
UNCTAD/WTO.
These include:
- Horticultural products, timber andtimber products,
- minerals,
- gemstones anddecorative stones,
- gold,
- handicrafts,
- honey andbeeswax,
- oilseeds andpulses,
- coconut,
- activated carbon,
- spices,
- seaweed, andmarine products (edible andaquarium fish),
- livestock andmeatproducts might alsobeadded tothelistofnon-traditional products.
Several other similar studies havebeencarried outincollaboration withother agencies or
independently byBET, tohighlight theexport potential for:
- Pyrethrum,
- cereals,
- lentils andpulses,
- spices andseasonings,
- planting seeds,
- essential oils,
- textiles andgarments,
- instant coffee,
- blended tea,
- pulpandpaper,
- meatandmeatproducts,
- juices andfruitconcentrates,WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 36
- trade inservices (including tourism, banking, insurance, transit trade, consultancy
services,computersoftware,telecommunications,transport-relatedservices,Professional
services).
Technical assistance should helpinidentifying newmarkets andtointroduce better technological
processes andprocessing methods thatwould improve productivity andhelpincomplying withmarket
requirements andstandards.
3. Services
Services thatmight become competitive forexport aremainly transit services inthedirection
ofnorthern andsouthern land-locked EastAfrican countries, tourism, construction andbuilding, as
wellasconsultancy services. Transit facilitation isalsoamajor issue, where theportofDar-Es-Salaam
isplaying anincreasing roleinthehandling ofimports inthedirection ofland-locked countries such
asUganda, Burundi andRwanda.
Airfreight space islimited bythenumber ofinbound flights. Chartering should befacilitated
toincrease transport capacity forhighvalue exports, notably fromZanzibar (flowers, decorative plants,
freshspices, etc.). Thebuilding upofcoldstorage capacities inconnection withtheexport ofperishable
goods, should alsobeconsidered. Thisisoneofthepriority projects ofTANEXA, which might be
abletoachieve it,ifaprospective loanfrom overseas iscleared.
D. Ongoing Technical Assistance
Among theprojects thatareunder implementation orformulation inrespect ofdifferent public
andprivate sector institutions concerned withthedevelopment ofexports inTanzania, thefollowing
could bementioned:
(a) Ministry ofIndustries andTrade
MITischairing theThink Tank ontheISOs reform, under Swedish financing. Thisbody
isreviewing thesituation ofsixparastatals, supportive oftheindustrial sector, toreform theirstructure
andmission. AThink Tank report wasproduced inmid-1996, butitisstillwaiting forGovernment
approval (cf.p.14).
(b) Board ofExternal Trade
BET isthefocal point fortheimplementation oftheUNDP supported Export Promotion
Development Subprogramme, which iscomposed ofseven modules asfollows :
- Module I:Export Development andPromotion ofNon-traditional Products;
- Module II:Export Development andPromotion forZanzibar;
- Module III:Institutional Strengthening oftheBoard ofExternal Trade (BET);
- Module IV:Organization ofComputerized Trade Information Units andEstablishment
ofTanzania 'sTrade Information Network (TANZANET)3;
- Module V:Women-in-Trade Development (WITD);
- Module VI:Development ofTrade-Related Human Resources;
- Module VII:Consultancy Services.
3Thename ofTANZANET wasappropriated byaprivate company.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 37
Four oftheseven modules areunder implementation, asfollows:
Module I:Export development andpromotion ofnon-traditional products isco-financed by
UNDP andtheGovernment oftheNetherlands (US$1.4 million). Itaims topromote 13selected
non-traditional product groups forwhich supply studies havebeenmade under previous technical
assistance projects. Thepromotion willbeachieved through conducting market surveys, recommending
product adaptation totheexporters, establishing business contacts andorganizing marketing andsales
missions.
Module III:Institutional strengthening oftheBoard ofExternal Trade (BET). Thismodule
isalsoco-financed byUNDP andtheGovernment oftheNetherlands (US$768,000) andaimsatreviving
BETandtoestablish foritaclose partnership andworking relations withtheexport-oriented business
community inthecountry. Itwillalsoprovide training toBETpersonnel andseektoestablish anational
Export Promotion Council.
ModulesVIandVII:DevelopmentofTrade-RelatedHumanResourcesandConsultancyServices
(US$1.6 million) supported bytheSwiss Government. These modules aremeant tocreate managerial
andtechnical capacity inmajor commercial centres inTanzania toprovide practical training andbasic
consultancy services inexport marketing andmanagement, andininternational purchasing andsupply
management. Implementation oftheabove-mentioned modules willstartinSeptember 1997 andlast
untilmid-year 2000.
BET alsobenefits from technical cooperation withJapan through theJapan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA), which hasprovided aSenior Institutional, Infrastructure andExport Policy
Advisor forthepastthree years. JICA’sassistance hasprovided BETwithnewcomputer equipment
toreplace itslostTrade Information Facility. Theoperation ofthisequipment willbemade possible
through ITC’sassistance. TheJICA project willcome toanendinOctober 1997.
(c) Tanzania Chamber ofCommerce, Industry andAgriculture
SIDA cooperation isstarting asecond phase ofatechnical assistance project through which
itishelping theChamber tostrengthen theinfrastructure ofprivate sector representation andtooffer
support andservices tothebusiness community inTanzania. Components ofPhase Iincluded supplying
office equipment totenregional chambers, followed byamanagement training course fortheexecutive
officers ofthetenChambers. SIDA hasalsoprovided aone-year salary tothesame managers and
totheirtensecretaries.
Thesecond phase runsfrom 1May 1997 to30April 2000 withabudget ofSkr10.5
(US$1.35 million). Thedevelopment ofstrategic business planning fortheregional chambers, tobe
strengthenedthroughtheprojectisconsideredasanimportantareaforcooperation.Theoverallobjective
oftheSIDA project istocreate asustainable andmember-driven chamber network, abletoprovide
appropriate services totheTanzanian business community. More specifically TCCIA willusethe
project ’sresources tofurther strengthen andoperate the18provincial branches ithasalready setup.
Acomplement tothisassistance willcome fromtheTanzania Business Centre, aUSAID support
project, which intends todevelop TCCIA intoadynamic andmore broad-based provider ofservices
andsustainable member-led apexorganization, sothatitcanbeaneffective point forpublic impact,
aswellasforarticulation ofprivate sector perspectives andimprovement ofthebusiness environment.
ThroughEnterpriseDevelopment(EDCandFEDA),TBCwilloffertrainingcoursesandadvisory
services through theChamber ’snetwork, granting partoftheproceeds totheChambers. ThePrivateWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 38
Sector Initiative might beselected asthelocalExecutive agency fortheSIDA ’sproject toassist TCCIA.
Inaddition TCCIA willbegranted UNIDO ’stechnical assistance asshown below (p.25).
(d) Confederation ofTanzania Industries
CTIwillsoonbenefit from aDANIDA financed project thatwillcover theperiod 1998 to
2000. Itsobjective issimilar totheoneimplemented atTCCIA withSIDA support. Itaimsto:
- Strengthen CTI’scapacity tosupport member enterprises withinformation, consultancy
andtraining;
- strengthen CTI’spolitical analytical capacity toinfluence thepublic tothebenefit of
private sector industries, bydrawing uppolicy papers andspecial studies (quotation);
and
- enlargeCTI’smembershipinallsubsectors,regionsandenterprise-sizestrata,strengthen
thedialogue between members andsecretariat, andinvolve members inCTI’swork
tomake itmore representative.
TheDANIDA project tobeimplemented bytheConfederation ofDanish Industries (CDI)
willpaythesalaries fortheprofessionals toberecruited forthree years, dispense training tothem
andperform “special activities ”.These willencompass:
- Information strategy andpublications;
- building alibrary anddatabase forinformation services;
- aStudy onSMEs andCTI’srelations withthem;
- CTI’sregional outreach;
- attracting members anddialogue withthem;
- aStudy onbusiness legislation; and
- management training seminar andpolicy seminars.
Inaddition CTIwillbenefit fromUNIDO ’sproject (seeUNIDO 'songoing technical assistance
reviewed below (p.25)).
(e) Tanzania Board ofStandards
Until 1994, TBSwasreceiving financial andtechnical assistance fromSIDA, which permitted
thebuild-up oftesting capacities, including constructions andtraining oftechnical personnel, aswell
asoffice equipment anddocumentation. Aproject document hasbeenprepared torequest continuation
ofthisassistance.
TBSwasalsothenational focal point forasubregional project tohelpSADC, thatwas
implemented byITCandcame toanendin1993. Itallowed fortheinstallation ofQualidata and
Packdata, which havenotbeenupdated since then. Thecomputer equipment (80386) isstillworking
buthasnotbeenupgraded, duetolackofownresources.
(f) Tanzania Exporters Association
TANEXA hasbenefited fromUNDP assistance intheformofoffice andcomputer equipment.
Itisintheprocess offinalizing negotiations ofafunding project tosupport horticultural exporters
through theprovision oflong-term credit atconcessional interest rates. Theproject willbefinanced
bytheGovernment ofSpain intheformofalong-standing credit backed bytheTanzanian Government.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 39
(g) Tanzania Business Centre (TBC)
TBCisagroupingofnon-governmentorganizationsandprivatecompaniessupportedbyUSAID,
through afinancing thatrunsuntilendof1998. Itactsthrough thePSI,which iscarrying outin1997
aTCCIA development programme, articulated infouractivity areas:
- Business strategic planning forseven selected regional chambers;
- setting upaccounting andmonitoring systems;
- development ofaregional policy agenda; and
- training.
TBCalsosupportstheFinanceandEnterpriseDevelopmentAssociates(FEDA)andtheEnterprise
Development Centre (EDC), bothorganizations created under TBC'ssponsorship andoffering their
services toenterprises onmarket conditions.
(h) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Aproject proposal hasbeenformulated byUNIDO seeking UNDP financing. Theproject
ismainly designed tofollow-up aninvestment forum heldinNovember 1996, which resulted inthe
identification ofabout 90investment opportunities intheformofjointventures between Tanzania and
foreign promoters. Theproject proposal alsointends tostrengthen thecapacity ofselected private
sector entities, suchasTCCIA, CTI, IPC,theChamber ofMines aswellasthatoftheMinistry of
IndustriesandTrade.Thetechnicalassistanceproposedwillconsistofinstallingmanagementinformation
systems aswellasinformation points. Inthecontext oftheproject ’sdraftdocument aninformation
point willbe“aWeb-site toaccess databases tobemade available byITC,UNIDO, UNCTAD, WTO
andothers ”.
Discussions heldwithUNDP andtheUNIDO country director haveledtotheconfining of
UNIDO ’ssupport totheabove-mentioned institutions tosetupinside information facilities (computers
andindustrial libraries). Itwillalsosecure theconnectivity ofthese facilities totheInternet. This
technical assistance project willsecure thetraining ofthemanagers ofthese information sitesandtake
careofthenetworking inside thecountry intheframework oftheTanzania Economic andTrade
Information System.
IV. OBJECTIVES AND OUTPUTS OFTHE PROJECT
Themainthrust ofthisproject istohelpTanzania better tointegrate thechanging multilateral
trading systems ontheonehandandtodraw maximum advantage fromitsmarket access conditions
ontheother hand, including thetransitional provisions ofLDCs. Theaforementioned enumeration
oftechnical assistance needs ofTanzanian public andprivate sectors illustrates thewide scope of
interventions needed tofoster thecountry ’sexports andtosupport efforts toenlarge anddiversify the
export base. Since thisproject could bynomeans taketheresponsibility ofsolving alltheissues
hampering export development inthiscountry, itwillactonselected leverage points, which could
havepositive effect onthedevelopment ofprivate initiative andwillbesupportive ofmarket andproduct
development.
Inthiscontext, andbesides building anational capacity tounderstand andhandle issues related
tothemultilateral trading system, theproject willsupport efforts tobetter define theexport supply
capability ofTanzanian enterprises. Therefore, itwillhelptheGovernment andtheprivate sector
tofixoverallstrategiesrelatedtoexportdevelopmentofpriorityproducts,andselectthemostappropriate
institutional setting, according tothebestpractices inthose countries withexport success stories. ItWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 40
willalsohelpenterprises togainaccess totheminimal competitiveness toolsforfacing international
markets, namely, trade information andquality management.
Itwillimplement activities infullsynergy withother ITCimplemented projects, inparticular
Project URT/97/004, supported byUNDP, theGovernments oftheNetherlands andSwitzerland.
Itwillcarry outitsactivities incoordination withthose implemented bydifferent donors atTCCIA,
CTI, IPC,TBS, andtheMIT.
Inthisrespect, rapidimplementation ofModule IVoftheExport Development Subprogramme,
becomes necessary, tocapitalize ontheoperation ofthetrade information facilities atBET, which
arebeing strengthened through Japanese technical assistance. Other ISO'sinformation capacities will
alsobestrengthened, thanks toUNIDO, Danish, Swedish andUnited States support, respectively at
CTI, TCCIA andother organizations.
Thus interventions ofthisProject inthefieldofeconomic andtrade information, willbe
fourfold:
Firststep: Establishing therelevant partoftheTanzanian Trade Point, thatisrelevant tothe
topics ofthisproject, namely tradeinformation andconnectivity, holding tradefacilitation for
alaterstage. Thiswillatleastfacilitate abetter integration intheglobal market, andoptimal
exploitation ofexport opportunities. Thepartial realization ofthetrade Point intheform of
aTanzanian Economic andTrade Information System, willallow thenetworking ofallorpart
ofthetradeandeconomic information providers inTanzania: BET, MIT, TBS, TCCIA, CTI,
TANEXA, theNational Bureau ofStatistics, theCustoms Department, theMarket Development
Bureau (Ministry ofAgriculture), andothers. Members ofthenetwork willjoinastheybecome
technically prepared. This"mini" Trade Point willbeestablished atBET, using thenew
equipment which thisorganization isacquiring through Japanese financing andwhich willbe
operated withtoITC'stechnical assistance, intheframework ofModule IIIoftheExport
Development subprogramme. Thissubprogramme isfinanced bytheNetherlands andUNDP.
Therealization ofthetwoReference Centres onMTS, willalsobepartofTETIS.
Second step: Extending TETIS toprovincial outlets inselected secondary business cities in
Tanzania.
Third step: Linking theTanzania Trade Centre inLondon toTETIS, andtoother relevant
nodes abroad.
Fourth step: Establishing afull-fledged Trade Point inDar-Es-Salaam andtwoother selected
locations within thecountry, atalaterstage (cf.Output 3.6).
A. Project Broad Objectives
AsindicatedbytheIntegratedProgrammetoassistAfricanLDCsandothercountriestofollow-up
theUruguay Round Agreements, thisProject willfacilitate Tanzania ’sfullintegration intheMTSbased
ontheUruguayRoundAgreements,andtotakeadvantageofitsprovisionsandmarketaccessconditions.
B. Project Direct Objectives
Thebroad objective stated above willbebroken down intothree major direct objectives:WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 41
1. Building anational capacity forunderstanding thechanging multilateral trading system
anditsimplications forTanzania ’strade, andfortheawareness ofrelated tradepolicy
issues.
2. Conforming to,andseeking maximum advantage from, themultilateral trading system.
3. Enhancing Tanzania ’sexport readiness.
C. Project Outputs andActivities Related totheFirstObjective
Building anational capacity forunderstanding thechanging multilateral trading system and
itsimplications forTanzania ’sexternal trade
Thefirstpurpose ofthisspecific Project forTanzania istohelpthecountry inbuilding anational
capacity fortheunderstanding andmanagement ofTanzania ’smembership inWTO.
Capacity andinstitutional building should cover thefollowing main points:
- Provision ofinformation andpublications onthemultilateral trading system, through
theReference Centres;
- Training oftrainers inMTS matters;
- Dissemination seminars andtechnical workshops; and
- Institutional backstopping oftheInter-Ministerial Technical Committee andsupport
toitswork groups.
1. Output 1.1TheInter-Ministerial Technical Committee tofollow-up theUruguay Round
Agreements, strengthened
TheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade hasformally setupanInter-Ministerial Technical
Committee (IMTC) onWTO Agreements. ThisCommittee willmonitor tasks tobring Tanzania ’s
lawsandregulations inlinewiththeUruguay Round Agreements andimprove themanagement of
Tanzania ’smembership ofWTO. Itisalsoincharge ofmonitoring allactivities relating tothe
negotiations andissues pertaining toTanzania 'sparticipation intheWTO.
TheProject willprovide assistance totheIMTC forthefulfilment ofitsmissions. TheIMTC
should beendowed withayearly work programme, aswellasamode ofoperation, including drafting
procedures ofpieces oflegislation tobeproposed. Aconsultation mechanism withtheenterprise sector
should alsobeprovided for.TohelptheIMTC insome ofthese tasks, theWTO willprovide the
following activities:
(a) Supply basic documentation ontheWTO Agreements;
thisdocumentation willserve asthereference framework fortheIMTC incarrying
outitsfuture work.
(b) Supply therelevant documents ofthevarious WTO Committees andWorking Groups;
thisdocumentation willbedirectly related tothework oftheIMTC onWTO.
(c) Include theMinistry ofIndustries andTrade inWTO 'smailing listofperiodical
publications.WT/COMTD/IF/9
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(d) Provide technical advice onanyissue faced bytheIMTC onlegal andinstitutional
issues within theWTO ’ssphere ofcompetence, aswellasonitsongoing activities.
Thistaskwillbefacilitated bytheestablishment atMITofaReference Centre, withpossibilities
ofexchanginge-mailandaccessingtheWTOserverinGeneva,toretrieveinformation.Thepublications
willberegularly provided intheframework oftheReference Centre tobesetupunder Output 1.3
andcontribute totherealization ofOutput 1.6below.
Tofurther strengthen theIMTC, UNCTAD willhelptodesign itswork plans andassist in
operating itsworking groups andtaskforces. Inthisrespect itwill:
(e) Helptodrafttheterms ofreference oftheIMTC anddesign theappropriate strategies
totakeadvantageofthetransitionalperiodsallowedbytheUruguayRoundAgreements.
(f) Foster andsupport participation, insubregional meetings, ofmembers oftheIMTC.
Periodic subregional meetings willbeorganized byUNCTAD, inwhich institutions incharge
ofthefollow-up andcoordination oftheimplementation oftheUruguay Round Agreements inthe
EACwillmeettoexchange experiences anddiscuss matters ofcommon interest. Members oftheIMTC
willhavethepossibility toparticipate insuchmeetings.
2. Output 1.2Customs administration strengthened incustoms matters related totheUruguay
Round Agreements
Intheframework ofthisProject, WTO willcarry outtheactivities indicated in(a),(b)and
(d)below. Itwillbealsosupported byUNCTAD foractivities indicated in(c)and(e).
(a) Provide relevant information regarding thework oftheWTO Committees dealing with
Customs matters.
Ofparticular relevance toTanzania, willbetheinformation onRules ofOrigin, Preshipment
Inspection andCustoms Valuation.
(b) Provide information totheCustoms administration ontheimplementation ofthe
Agreement.
Thisinformationconcernsinparticularthenotificationsandalltheissuesdiscussedinthecontext
oftheAgreement onImplementation ofArticle VIIofGATT 1994.
(c) Provide assistance totheCustoms administration onalltechnical matters relating to
customs tariffs.
Thisrelatesinparticulartotheschedulesofconcessions,therenegotiationsunderArticleXXVIII,
andtheexemptions andissues linked totheUnderstanding ontheInterpretation ofArticle II:1(b) of
GATT 1994.
(d) Provide information relating tothework oftheCommittee onRegional Trade
Agreements.
(e) Provide assistance onanylegalmatters relating toregional integration orfree-trade
areas.WT/COMTD/IF/9
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3. Output 1.3TwoReference Centres onthemultilateral trading system, established
AReference Centre willbeadedicated place, located inanexisting documentation facility
ortrade information library, where allrelevant documentation onthemultilateral trading system will
bereadily available andaccessible toprofessional users andtothegeneral public. Professional users
arecivilservants, staffofbusiness organizations, journalists, andacademicians andstudents, with
specific taskstowork onthefollow-up totheURAs, suchaspreparation oftechnical papers, drafting
oflegislation, writing ofarticles orlectures, etc.Theparticularity ofaReference Centre onthe
multilateral trading system, isthatitprovides written andelectronic information tousers, andalso
connects them withknowledgeable resource persons, whocanhelpthem tounderstand orinterpret
therules, oreventually solve issues andrespond toquestions concerning implementation. Theresource
persons, willbeattached totheReference Centres, either onpermanent basisoroncall,tohelpusers
findtheirwayinthetechnical andlegal documentation. They areselected among theofficials and
trainers whohavebenefited fromtraining programmes byWTO, UNCTAD andITC,intheframework
oftheIntegrated Programme.
Dependingonthetargetusers,oneormoreReferenceCentreswillbeestablishedineachcountry
covered bytheIntegrated Programme, torespond tovarious needs. They willallhavethesame core,
thatisthefulltextoftheURAs andtheirannexes, buttheCentres willdiffer withrespect tothe
additional information specially needed bythetypeofusers onwhich theywillbetargeted towards.
Theneedtoestablish more thanoneCentre isjustified bythevariety ofadditional information required
bydifferent users, aswellasbydifferences inthenature ofthetechnical andpolicy issues handled
byofficials, business people andacademicians.
While theofficial Reference Centre willbasically focus, asindicated earlier, onlegal rules
andgiveaccess toofficial WTO documents, suchastheschedules ofconcession, thetextofthe
Agreements, andother official papers released during negotiations, theCentre geared tothebusiness
community willspecialize inthemore practical aspects ofMTS anddeliver, inaddition toofficial
material, information pertaining totheimplications forbusiness andproduct specific data.
Enabling conditions willberequired from hostorganizations fortheestablishment ofthe
Reference Centres. These conditions willrelate totheeaseofaccess andopenness toother cooperating
institutions. Taking thisintoconsideration, theProject willprovide relevant documentation produced
byWTO, UNCTAD andITC, suchastheFinal Act,itsannexes, notes andreports, documents of
thenegotiating committees, working groups andpanels, CD-ROMs, etc.Documents ofother relevant
organizations willalsobemade available asnecessary.
InTanzania, afirstReference Centre willbeestablished attheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade,
primarily forusebyofficials andadministration representatives. Relevant documentation willbereadily
accessible under thisProject. Another Reference Centre forusebythebusiness community willbe
situated atBET, which willbethefocalpointoftheTanzanian Economic andTrade Information System
andthefuture Trade Point site. Oneresource person willbeassociated witheachoftheReference
Centres.
Thethree organizations willendeavour toprovide theReference Centres/contact points in
Dar-Es-Salaam, withanInternet facility, through which theTanzanian contact points could easily access
world trade information and,atthesame time, facilitate quick exchange ofinformation withITC,
UNCTAD andWTO inGeneva. Aspartofthelink-up, theReference Centres 'e-mail addresses would
beestablished tofacilitate aquick dissemination oftradeinformation toalargecross-section oftechnical
assistance beneficiaries (e.g.government agencies, andthebusiness andacademic communities).WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 44
Accordingly, WTO willpurchase acomputer configuration fortheofficial Reference Centre
inTanzania, attheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade, andpayforthenecessary link-up totheInternet.
WTO 'sparticipation willbeconfined toassisting theofficial focalpoint, withrespect todocumentation,
Internet facilities, etc.TheReference Centre forthebusiness community willbeestablished byITC,
intheframework oftheTanzania Economic andTrade Information System, described below. The
computer equipment expected atBET, onJapanese financing, isassumed tobeappropriate forthe
Reference Centre ’spurposes. ITCwillsecure thenecessary connections andprovide theneeded
documentation. ThisReference Centre forthebusiness community atBETwillalsobehooked tothe
ITCandUNCTAD databases, asneeded, suchasTrains, Juris, Qualidata, Packdata, MNS, MAST,
etc.
Specific training willbegiven tothemanagers oftheReference Centres.
(a) Establishment ofaReference Centre onMTS atthefocal point forWTO matters.
Under theleadership ofWTO, theReference Centre willbeestablished attheInformation
Centre oftheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade, andcapacity builtuptomanage it.ThisReference
Centre willbeusedbypublic officials forlegaladjustment, preparation ofnegotiations, position papers,
etc.TheMinistry 'slibrary should berefurbished forthispurpose.
(b) Establishment ofaReference Centre forusebythebusiness community.
Under theleadership ofITC,thesecond Reference Centre willfocus ontheimpact ofWTO
agreements onbusiness. Thisunitwould besetupatBET. Togrant equal access forallrelevant
institutions tothisReference Centre, anagreement should beprepared thatwillindicate theconditions
under which information willbemade available tousers.
(c) Training ofthemanagers oftheReference Centres.
Atraining course willbeorganized ondocumentation management tohelpthedesignated
Reference Centres 'managers inarranging andusing thedocuments andmultimedia material. The
training module willbedesigned andimplemented byITC.
4. Output 1.4National training capacity inMTS issues, reinforced
(a) Training oftrainers ingeneral MTS matters: theGeneva course.
Animportant partoftheintegrated programme relates tothetraining oftrainers. Themain
objective ofthetraining programme istoenhance knowledge oftherules ofthemultilateral trading
system, andhelptostrengthen national training capacities, geared toassist public andprivate sectors
tomanage suchmatters.
From eachoftheeightselected countries under theIntegrated Programme, sixcandidates will
beselected forparticipation inthetraining courses, representing public andprivate sector, aswell
asqualified persons fromtraining institutes. ITC,UNCTAD andWTO willaccommodate twotrainees
each. Thecourses willbeconducted inGeneva, andstarted inthesecond semester of1997forEnglish-
speaking trainers, followed byacourse forFrench-speaking trainers early 1998.
Participants arerequired tohaverelevant background ininternational trade andtheWTO
multilateral trading system, aconfirmed pedagogical background, relevant contacts andavailability
inhome country toensure dissemination ofknowledge. Themaintasksoftrainers aretodesign trainingWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 45
events, according tospecific needs oftarget audiences, andsubsequently contribute totraining courses
anddissemination seminars inhome country.
Participants willberequired tocarry outpre-seminar assignments, including preparing
programmes andpresentations onhowthetraining willeffectively beconducted in-country, discuss
constraints indomestic policy-making andissues relating totheURAs ofinterest tothatcountry.
Common objectives willneedtobeestablished fordelivery oftheinformation in-country andtime
willbereserved during thetraining course forparticipants toprepare programmes foreachoftheir
respective countries upon theirreturn. Following completion oftheprogramme, thetrainers willbe
abletoorganize training activities jointly andtodivide tasksfortraining tobedelivered intheirhome
country.
Theseminars willbeheldoverthreeweeks, withprogrammes ofoneweekineachorganization.
Acomprehensive programme willbeprepared, including amodule withpedagogical material, i.e.
toteach theparticipants howtotrainothers. Documentation andtraining material arecurrently under
preparation. Participants inthetraining course willassist indetermining thepremises fortraining
(ministries, training institutes). Trainers willberequired toorganize several training events peryear.
Refresher training courses andafeed-back system (quality control) willbeforeseen.
During thecourse oftheProject, thetrainers should beavailable, asresource persons, tomake
contributions totheworkshops andactivities sponsored byITC, UNCTAD andWTO. They would
alsoconduct their owntraining programmes, suchasthose provided bytheCollege ofBusiness
Education, ortheUniversity ofDar-Es-Salaam. Anappropriate framework forthefuture availability
ofthese trainers willneedtobeagreed.
(b) Specialized trainers inselected issues important forTanzania.
Anumber ofspecialized trainees willbeselected fromamong public sector officials andprivate
sector executives whowillusetheAgreements fortheirregular business andtasks. These professional
trainers willreceive specialized teaching, based ontheirexisting proficiency inselected subsectors,
relevant totheimplementation ofspecific agreements inTanzania. Training willbeprovided inthe
framework ofsubregional programmes, tobestaged inthecountries covered bytheIntegrated
programme intheEastAfrica Region. Thisformula, beside theeconomies ofscale thatcould be
achieved,shouldfavourexchangeofexperiencesamongprofessionalsofneighbouringcountries,namely,
intheframework oftheEAC organization.
Thespecialized training willbestaged, asneeded, bytheexecuting organizations, through
theirregular workshop programmes orinspecific subregional training events, insectors relevant to
Tanzanian interests andpriorities, suchas:
- WTO rules;
- Market access;
- Agriculture;
- Textiles;
- Services;
- TBT, SPS, quality control andcertification;
- Customs valuation andPSI; and
- Intellectual property, andtrade marksWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 46
(c) Providing academic andtraining institutions withteaching material.
Teaching materials willbeprovided byWTO ,ITCandUNCTAD, fromexisting publications
andfrom training material, suchasTrainfortrade, theBusiness Guide totheUruguay Round, ITC
Trade Secrets Guide, andrelated training material currently being developed byITC,UNCTAD and
WTO. Fourcomplete packages (including trainers ’manuals andexercise books, transparencies, etc.)
willbedelivered to:
- TheUniversity ofDar-Es-Salaam; and
- TheCollege ofBusiness Education.
5. Output1.5Strengthenednegotiatingcapacitytohandlethebuilt-inagendainthevariousUruguay
Round Agreements
Onthebasis ofaclear identification ofissues andsectors ofinterest inthebuilt-in agenda,
theProject willhelpprepare thecountry forparticipation tointernational negotiations, including:
(a) Forum forpolicy anddecision makers, onMTS.
Ahigh-levelone-dayWorkshopwillbetargetedtohighrankingofficials,involvedintheshaping
ofeconomic decisions inTanzania, attherelevant ministries, theBank ofTanzania, andto
parliamentarians andthechief executives ofprivate sector institutions. TheWorkshop willinclude
brief andwell-targeted presentations byWTO, UNCTAD andITC, according toasequence tobe
synchronized. Only major issues oftheMTS willbetackled withsome examples andcases relevant
totheTanzanian economy.
(b) Setting negotiating objectives andpreparing proposals.
Onthebasis oftherecommendations stemming fromtheabove-mentioned Workshop, issues
andsectors ofinterest toTanzania intheURAs willbeidentified, andthecountry representatives in
international forawillbebetter prepared foramore effective participation innegotiations, related to
structural reforms andtothemultilateral trading system. Usewillbemade oftheUNCTAD CAPAS
programme inrespect ofpreparations fornegotiations ontrade inservices, aswellasother relevant
material.
6. Output 1.6Enhanced knowledge andunderstanding ofUruguay Round Agreements, bypublic
sector officials, private sector institutions, foreign trade enterprises, andthegeneral public
Inaddition tothehigh-level Workshop, described under Output 1.5,asecond series ofthree-day
general seminars forusers oftheMTS willbeorganized during thelifetime oftheproject. Other
specialized workshops willbelocally initiated bytraining orprivate sector institutions ofTanzania,
asdeemed necessary. Inaddition tolocalresource persons, theinputs fromITC,UNCTAD andWTO
willbelimited toselected elements thatarenotavailable inthecountry. They would bedetermined
onacasebycasebasis. Ifapplicable, WTO would beabletosendlecturers toattend thespecialized
workshops, bearing allexpenses incurred bytwoprofessionals oftheWTO staff. Thelocalinstitutions
initiating theevents willbeartheorganization costs andprobably arrange attendance onafeebasis.
(a) Organization oftwogeneral seminars
Twoworkshopswillbetargetedtobusinessexecutives,privatesectorinstitutions,publicofficials
andtechnocrats, media professionals andjournalists. They willbemore detailed andmainly cover
matters ofgeneral andshared interest. Through theircoverage oftheworkshop, media representativesWT/COMTD/IF/9
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willbeablebetter toinform thegeneral public about theimplications andadvantages ofTanzania ’s
participation inthemultilateral trading system. Inthisframework, press briefings could bemade at
theTanzania Information Service.
(b) Technical andspecialized workshops
Specialized workshops willbeorganized ontheinitiative oflocalspecialized institutions (TBS,
Tanzania Revenue Authority orCustoms Department, Ministry ofJustice, Confederation ofTanzanian
Industries, Board ofExternal Trade, Tanzania Chamber ofCommerce, Industries andAgriculture,
etc.). These technical workshops would bestaged according totheinterest ofthetargeted participants.
Their subjects could beselected from thefollowing:
- Customs valuation, rules oforigin;
- TBT, SPSandquality management, preshipment inspection andquality certification;
- Agriculture;
- Textiles;
- Services;
- Anti-dumping andsafeguards;
- Tariffs, market development, Product andmarket diversification;
- Intellectual property, trade marks andproduct development forexport;
- Regional integration.
Inaddition tothethree executing organizations ofthisProject, other interested institutions
could becalled upon, asnecessary (World Customs Organization, Common Fund forCommodities,
UNIDO, WIPO, ISO,etc.). Thenational trainers trained under output 1.4aretobeclosely associated
withthese activities.
D. Project Outputs andActivities Related totheSecond Objective
Conforming toandseeking maximum advantage from themultilateral trading system
Fortheattainment ofthisimportant objective, theProject would provide different types of
technical inputs tobeimplemented byUNCTAD, incollaboration withITCandWTO. These activities
willhelptheTanzania Government andthebusiness community indefining concrete policy measures
andstrategies thatarenecessary todraw maximum advantage from thenewbusiness opportunities.
1. Output 2.1Improved awareness oftrade policy issues, inrelation tothevarious adjustments
totheUruguay Round Agreements
Asalreadystated,,theProjectfocuses,interaliathroughtraining,onbuildinganationalcapacity
fortheknowledge andunderstanding ofUruguay Round Agreements andrulesofthemultilateral trading
system. Thefollowing activities willreinforce other capacity building activities, namely instrategy
formulationforthepromotionofexportsandaninvestmentfriendlyclimate.UNCTAD,incollaboration
withITCandWTO, willassist national institutions toconduct theindicated activities.
(a) Assessment ofthepotential impact oftheUruguay Round Agreements ontheTanzanian
economy andexternal trade
Aprospective survey willbeundertaken ontheMTS impact ontheTanzanian economy. Data
related tomarket access conditions forselected products andmarkets willbeanalysed using Comtrade
andnational statistics. UNCTAD andITCwilljointly carry outthissurvey, using theITCmethodology
toassess product/market potential, andtheUNCTAD approach toassess theimpact andtradingWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 48
opportunities ofthenewmultilateral trading system, experimented inSADC. Areview ofimport
conditions inselected target markets willalsobecarried out.
Theproducts onwhich thissurvey willparticularly focus, arethose forwhich supply studies
havebeenaccomplished inrecent years, under ITCtechnical assistance toBET, orintheframework
ofother donor supported projects focused ondifferent Tanzanian organizations. Inaddition to
commodities exported byTanzania, 13non-traditional export product groups willparticularly capture
theattention, namely:
- Timber andtimber products;
- marine andmarine products;
- minerals (including gold);
- gemstones;
- handicrafts;
- honey andbeeswax;
- oilseeds andpulses;
- leather andleather products;
- coconut, activated carbon;
- spices;
- horticulture;
- instant coffee andblended tea;
- textiles andgarments.
Thesurvey tobecarried outbyresource persons selected from those whowould havebeen
trained under thecapacity building legoftheProject, should helpTanzanian authorities, managers
andofficials inassessing therealeffects ofthenewmultilateral trading system onthenational economy.
Itwillalsoallow theITC/UNCTAD/WTO seminars onURAs toacquire amore practical and
country-specific orientation.
Furthermore, thesurvey willassess theimplications oftheAgreements forsectoral policies
inexport-oriented sectors andidentify newtradeopportunities tobeexploited. Itshould identify trade
policy issues related totheadaptation ofTanzanian legislation toselected Agreements, critical tothe
development efforts ofthecountry. Itwillreview thepresent trade policy framework, following the
SWOT approach, tohighlight thestrengths, weaknesses, opportunities andthreats intheability of
Tanzanian enterprises tocompete. Thesurvey willalsooutline proposals fortheadoption ofliberal
andcompetition-friendly policies.
(b) National symposium ontrade policy measures toimprove thebusiness environment
inTanzania
Theresults ofthesurvey tobeundertaken under theprevious activity willbereviewed ina
national Symposium, together with asummary ofthedatagathered through activities thusfar
accomplished under Objective 3,relating totheimprovement ofTanzania 'sexport readiness. The
survey onthedemand forexport support services, tobecarried outunder theUNDP/ITC export
development subprogramme (URT/97/004), willalsobesubmitted tothissymposium.
Thesymposium willreview theresults oftheaforementioned studies andformulate
recommendations totheGovernment andprivate sector, onhowtoadapt andbestdrawadvantage from
globalization. Itwillbeattended byadministration officials, parliamentarians, academicians and
economists, aswellasprivate sector entrepreneurs. Itwillfocus, inaddition, onpolicy andinstitutional
matters, andonthespecific sectors offering goodpotential forthedevelopment ofthecountry 'sexports.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 49
Thesymposium willbeheldwiththefullparticipation ofthenational resource persons who
would havebeeninvolved inthesurvey, anditwillmake recommendations fortheimprovement of
thebusiness climate inTanzania. Thesymposium ’srecommendations willalsoconstitute thebasis
forthedesign ofanagenda forfuture activities oftheIMTC.
2. Output 2.2Contribution totheAdjustment oflawsandregulations
Inordertobringthenationallegislationintolinewiththerulesofthemultilateraltradingsystem,
thefollowing activities willbecarried out,basically withtheassistance ofWTO andUNCTAD and,
ifneedbe,oftheITC.
(a) Assistance inthedrawing upofnotifications which thecountry mustmake inconnection
withitsparticipation totheWTO.
Thisassistance could takevarious forms, inparticular theprovision ofaspecial handbook
prepared withaviewtothedrawing upofthenotifications required under thevarious Agreements;
andthesending ofaninformation mission tothevarious ministries involved inorder toprovide
explanations andtechnical information concerning therequired notifications.
(b) Provision oftechnical advice ontheimplementation oftheAgreements, based on
examples from countries withsimilar profiles.
(c) Evaluation missions concerning anyproblem relating tothereview orintroduction of
national legislation aiming atconsistency withWTO rules.
(d) Field missions designed toenable theauthorities tointroduce national legislation, inter
aliabyproposing model lawsthatcould beadapted tothespecific situation ofTanzania.
3. Output 2.3Improved awareness ofthebusiness community ofhowtomaximize trade
opportunitiesprovidedbyspecialanddifferentialtreatment,includingtransitionalarrangements,
built-in totherelevant Uruguay Round Agreements
Thisoutput willberelated toseminars/workshops andthesymposium. Inthisrespect, the
following activities willbecarried outmainly byUNCTAD, withspecific inputs byITC. Concrete
measures willberecommended totheGovernment, toexpand trading opportunities inselected sectors:
agriculture, textiles, etc.
(a) Identification ofconcrete policy support measures andbusiness strategies, necessary
toachieve maximum exploitation ofthespecial anddifferentiated treatment provisions
forLDCs.
(b) Indication ofways andmeans toimprove access toappropriate technology, through
technology policy, compatible withtheTRIPS Agreement.
(c) Study oftheimpact ofthetariff structure onthecompetitiveness ofexports andfor
possible harmonization attheEAC level.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 50
E. Project Outputs andActivities Related totheThird Objective
Enhancing Tanzania ’sexport readiness
TheProject willassist Tanzania inbetter exploiting itscomparative advantages inthesubregion
andintheglobal market. Itwillinteract withandcomplement activities undertaken intheframework
oftheUNDP/ITC technical assistance modular project URT/97/004, tohelpenterprises indesigning
andimplementing sectoral andenterprise strategies better totakeadvantage ofmarket niches and
opportunities. Within thescope ofthisthird objective, theProject willsupport abetter access by
Tanzanian exporters toselected systems andtoolsofcompetitiveness, suchastrade information and
quality management systems, thatcould improve performance oninternational markets.
1. Output 3.1Matrix ofexchangeable goods andmarkets ofinterest toTanzania established
Inthecontext ofmarket globalization, Tanzania 'sfuture trade prospects willbeanalysed on
thebasisofthefirstfindings ofthestudy mentioned under Activity D.1.(a) ontheimpact ofthenew
MTS onTanzania ’sforeign trade. Theelements contained inthesupply andmarket surveys already
available ortoberealized under theexport development subprogramme, willhelptoconstruct amatrix
ofnon-traditional exports, bearing acomparative advantage forTanzania. Thismatrix willbeprepared
byateam coordinated bytheBoard ofExternal Trade, incooperation withtheCTI, IPC,TCCIA,
TANEXAandotherrelevantprivatesectorinstitutionsorresearchorganizations.Resultsofanimportant
amount ofdeskandfieldresearch arealready available inthese organizations, thatwillbecapitalized
upon.
Using these dataandthefindings oftheproduct-market matrix, athorough analysis ofcurrent
andfuture production capacities willbeundertaken, toshow thepotential forexport- oriented activities
andevaluate potential supply byproduct group, overthemedium-term. Abroad cost-benefit analysis
forTanzanian goods willbemade available totheproduct-market development consultants tobehired
within theprovisions ofURT/97/004, inviewofacompetitiveness analysis tobeundertaken inthe
framework ofthemarket surveys.
(a) Establishing theproduct-market matrix;
(b) Disseminating theproduct-market matrix topotential investors andexporters.
2. Output 3.2Market potential forTanzanian services assessed
Aswellastheinformation thatwould bemade available asanoutput oftheseries of13market
analysis studies andmarket penetration strategies fortheselected non-traditional products, indicated
under Section V.D. 1(a)above, thisProject willhelptofurther determine Tanzania ’spotential for
export intheservices 'sector. Asurvey wasconducted inDar-Es-Salaam byanUNCTAD teamof
international andlocalconsultants, todetermine thepotential forTanzania inthissector, which should
beupdated.
Based onenterprise interest andthecountry ’sobvious potential intheservices sector, andtaking
account ofTanzania ’sunique geographical position, asagateway tomany African land-locked countries,
aseriesofthreemarketsurveyswillberealizedunderUNCTADadITCimplementation,ontwoselected
service sectors, namely, tourism andtransit services.
Thisworkwillbeundertakenbyateamoftechniciansfromrelevantministriesandorganizations,
including theTCCIA. Itwillbesupervised bytheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade inassociation
withtheMinistries ofTourism andTransport.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 51
(a) Market survey forthetourism sector
Thissurvey willassess theactual potential ofTanzania toattract more tourists andhelpto
define specific products tobepromoted. Theresults ofthesurvey willbedisseminated among tour
operators andhoteltraders andsponsors, todraw attention tothecountry 'sinvestment opportunities.
(b) Market survey forthetransit trade
Thissurvey willreview thecurrent andmedium-term opportunities forTanzania todevelop
itsports anditstransit services toward neighbouring land-locked countries. Itwilluse,among other
elements, thefindings andconclusions ofarecent survey realized fortheBankofTanzania onfree-trade
zones.
3. Output 3.3Sectoral export development strategies, formulated forselected goods andservices
Anational export development strategy hasalready beenformulated. Thisisaframework
foraglobal institutional setting andpolicy measures, supportive ofexport development, asdescribed
under Section II.C.1 above. Onthebasis ofdatacollected intheframework oftheexport potential
andmarket surveys, carried outunder theUNDP/ITC project URT/97/004, thisproject willhelpto
build upcapacity fortrade andexport strategy formulation. Atthesame time, itwillassist sectoral
associationsandBETinshapingoutmedium-termsectoralstrategies,tofosterexport-orientedinvestment
inselected product groups, having comparative advantage forTanzania, according tothefindings of
thestudy described inSection IV.D.1(a) above. Private sector institutions, suchasCTIandTCCI,
should beclosely associated withtheformulation ofsectoral strategies, using deskandfieldresearch
conducted within Project URT/97/004.
When achieved, Output 3.3willalsobedirectly supportive ofactivities planned under
Objective 2,aiming toseekmaximum advantage from themultilateral trading system forTanzania.
Inparticular, theformulation ofsectoral strategies willbenefit fromtheideas developed inthestudy
ontheimpact oftheURAs onthecountry 'sexternal trade (Activity 2.1.(a), p.34)andduring the
national symposium ontradepolicy measures (Activity 2.1.(c), p.35),while themeasures toimprove
thebusiness environment inTanzania willsurely befurther refined when sectoral strategies are
established.
(a) Training workshops onexport strategy design
Thetechnical staffofprofessional associations tobeinvolved inthestrategy design exercise
willattend aworkshop fortraining inthemethodologies ofinformation gathering, screening andusage.
Twoworkshops willbeheldduring theproject totrainandformtwoteams, which willthenaccomplish
thestrategy formulation.
(b) Formulation ofsectoral marketing strategies forselected goods
Based ontheassessment ofexport potential foreachsector, highlighting business development
perspectives, sectoral strategies should beproposed forusebyTanzanian exporters andprofessional
associations inthefollowing subsectors:
- Coffee, tea,andtobacco;
- cotton: yarn, fabrics andtextiles;
- oilseeds, including cotton seeds;
- cereals (maize andbeans);WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 52
- spices (cloves, chilies, etc.);
- fruits andvegetables; and
- fish,edible andaquarium, seaweed, andmarine products.
Thesectoral/product group strategies willbeelaborated bythesponsorship oftherelevant
professional associations, withthesupport oftheProject. Therolefortheexecuting organizations
willbetoprovide information andguidance toenterprises andinstitutions within thisframework.
Thecostwillbeshared withtheassociations concerned.
(c) Design ofsectoral strategies forthedevelopment ofexports ofservices
Sectoral marketing strategies willbeproposed forthetwoservices forwhich market surveys
willbeconducted under IV.E.2, namely tourism andtransit trade. Heretoo,thestrategy todevelop
services willbeformulated withstrong involvement oftherelevant professional associations, the
executing organizations providing advisory services, information andguidance. TheProject willshare
costs withtheprofessional associations concerned.
(d) National strategy forthepromotion ofsubregional trade
Tocomplement thematrix ofexchangeable goods andmarkets ofinterest toTanzania, and
tocontribute totheimprovement ofTanzania 'stradeposition withitsEACandCOMESA neighbours,
theProject willsupport theundertaking ofanoverall assessment ofTanzania ’scomparative advantages
initstrade relations withKenya andUganda intheframework oftheEAC ontheonehand, andwith
other members ofCOMESA ontheother hand. Thisexercise willleadtotheformulation ofastrategy
proposal related tothedevelopment ofsubregional trade relations. Itwill,among other utilizations,
helpBET toestablish anagenda foritsproposed subregional andcross-border fairs, topromote
Tanzanian andsubregional products, tobecarried outwithin theframework ofitsnewfocus onselected
areas. Thissurvey willbeundertaken byateam from theMinistry ofIndustries andTrade, BET,
CTIandTCCIA. Leading enterprises involved insubregional trade should beconsulted. Thecost
ofdefining thestrategy willbesupported bytheProject.
4. Output 3.4Selected components oftheTanzania Economic Trade Information System, setup
Asstated earlier, trade information isoneofthebasic tools ofcompetition oninternational
markets, thatshould bereadily available toTanzanian exporters. Although various initiatives areunder
way,tradeinformation isstillnotwidely accessible toSMEs, asatooltodrawgreater advantage from
opportunities intheglobal andregional markets, andtoimprove management practices.
Intheframework ofitstechnical assistance project URT/97/004, financed bytheGovernment
oftheNetherlands andUNDP, ITCwillundertake during 1997 andearly 1998 studies related tothe
assessment oftheTanzanian market fortrade information, andthefeasibility study oftheTanzanian
Economic andTrade Information System (TETIS), needed todesign thenetworking linkages andmode
ofoperation ofthesystem, asdescribed inparagraph III.B.5.
Assoonasthese studies arecompleted, thisintegrated ITC/UNCTAD/WTO project willtake
overtheactual implementation ofTETIS, through thenetworking oftheinformation facilities atthe
various public andprivate sector institutions, hence promoting theircomplementarity. Thisproject
willalsoassist Tanzanian institutions andenterprises inoperating TETIS, through (i)theprovision
ofdocumentation, (ii)thetraining ofpersonnel atexpert level(toprovide programming andmanagement
skills where needed, andnotonlyoperator training), and(iii)thelinking totheappropriate databases
andsources ofinformation worldwide.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 53
Thefinancial andinfrastructural conditions forthisnetworking willvary, according totheneeds
andcosts. Thisproject willsecure theavailability ofcurrent technical documentation, prepared by
ITC, UNCTAD andWTO, ontheURAs, andsupport thecostofcertain subscriptions toon-line
databases anddocumentation, tobespecified inthefeasibility study. Theaccess toworldwide networks,
including Internet, thatwillbeprovided bytheProject, fortheestablishment ofReference Centres,
willalsobeusedtooperate connections ofTETIS withother regional andworldwide networks and
systems. Inthiscontext, BETcould beusedasagateway, inconnection withitshome pageonTanzania,
which willbeupgraded andcompleted.
TheReference Centres, tobeestablished attheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade andatthe
Board ofExternal Trade, infactwillbepartinfactoftheinformation setting atthose sites. They
willbeofcourse accessible tousers through thedesignated organizations which hostthem. They will
provide specific information about themultilateral trading system, therulesoftheglobal market, and
relevant information oftheinternational trade agenda.
BEThasalreadyestablishedaWeb-sitethroughanaccessproviderinDar-Es-Salaam.Itcontains
information onthe1997Dar-Es-Salaam International Fair,suchasnames andaddresses ofexhibitors,
theirproduct lines, etc.TheWeb-site alsoencompasses aneconomic profile ofTanzania, produced
byBET, aswellassome tradestatistics. Information ontourism willsoonbeincluded. Furthermore,
amirror sitehasbeencreated withaSouth African "info-door site", specialized ininformation on
exhibitions andfairs. BEThasdeveloped some knowledge ontheuseofInternet4,andiswilling to
setupitsownISPcapacity toserve thebusiness community.
Inthisrespect, ithastoberecalled thattheorganization hasbeenselected in1994asthelocation
fortheTrade Point. Toprepare forreceipt oftheequipment, tobeprovided bytheJapanese cooperation
(JICA), BETwasplanning, inAugust 1997, tomove itstradeinformation function toamoreappropriate
location inDar-Es-Salaam. Theaccess totheInternet byBETanditsequipment withafull-fledged
computer network configuration, willoffertheorganization atechnical advantage forhosting thefocal
point ofTETIS.
Theproblem offinancing ofTETIS could alsobedealt withbyaprogressive billing of
information consumers, aswillbeindicated inthefeasibility study. Aspecific common fundmight
becreated tocollect theproceeds andsupport expenses ofcommon interest ofthenetwork members,
thuspreparing TETIS forrelative selfsustainability. Thefundwillbemanaged byanNGO, tobe
created about oneyearafteroperation, tomake surethatonlyinterested institutions areassociated and
toavoid institutional bottlenecks. ThisNGO could become thebackbone oftheTrade Efficiency
Association, planned tobesetupintheframework oftheTrade Point. After completion ofthisProject 's
technical assistance activities, theNGO should takeover theresponsibility forandresults of
subscriptions todatabases, periodicals andother sources ofinformation.
Assoonastheyareaccomplished, theresults ofmarket andfeasibility studies willbeproposed
tothefuture partners ofthesystem through anational seminar ontrade andeconomic information,
duringwhichtheparticipantswilladoptatemporarymodusoperandiofthesystem.Thesethreeactivities
willbeaccomplished under theProject URT/97/004, implemented byITCandsupported byUNDP
andtheGovernment oftheNetherlands.
ThecurrentProjectwillprovidetheexpertiseandtheauxiliaryequipmenttoestablishconnectivity
among theparticipating institutions, aswillbeindicated inthefeasibility study. Itwilldeliver full
4BETHeadquarters arenotconnected totheInternet, noteven through thecomputer ofITC'sproject,
located atthesame premises, duetolackofappropriate equipment andtelephone lines.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 54
computer configurations onlyfortheoperation oftheReference Centres atMITadBET. Asareminder,
theWTO willbedirectly involved onlyinthesetting upoftheofficial Reference Centre.
Inaddition, training willbeorganized totraintheinformation managers andoperators. At
thetimethisProject proposal wasfinalized, MIT, BET, TCCIA, CTI, TANEXA, andIPC, were
preparing fortheconnectivity exercise. TBSmight alsojoin,ifaproject proposal toextend technical
assistance wasaccepted bySIDA. Theinstallation ofcomponents ofTETIS willpartially achieve the
creation oftheTrade Point (cf.Output 3.7below).
Thefollowing activities willbeundertaken toreach theindicated goals:
(a) Provision ofadditional equipment toenable connectivity andmultimedia
operation, where necessary;
(b) establishing connections between participating members ofTETIS;
(c) bridging withtheTanzania Trade Centre inLondon;
(d) subscription toselected databases;
(e) connection toGTPNet;
(f) training trade information managers;
(g) provision ofselected documentation, written andelectronic; and
(h) improvement/creation ofa"Tanzania Business" Web-site
Asstated before, BEThasestablished aWeb-site through anaccess provider inDar-Es-Salaam.
Itbasically contains information onthe1997Dar-Es-Salaam International Fair,aswellasaneconomic
profile ofTanzania. TheProject willhelptoevaluate thesiteandimprove itsservices, presentation
andoperation, bothtechnically andcommercially. Information fromthesupply andmarket surveys
achieved intheframework oftheURT/97/004 project willbefedin,aswellasinformation ontourism.
Other members ofTETIS willbehosted andtheirinformation made available onthesite.
(i) Organization anddesign/improvement ofa"Tanzania Business" home page.
Ahome pagewillbeestablished accordingly, which would include information provided by
other members ofTETIS.
(j) Advisory services totheTETIS member organizations
Technical assistance should remain available foranextended period oftime(twotothreeyears
aftertheestablishment ofthesystem), toassist themember organizations intaking theappropriate
decisions, andintrouble shooting inrelation tothesystem 'soperation, toavoid thecollapse ofthe
whole setting because ofanyeventual mismanagement. Theinputs inthisrespect willtaketheform
ofadvisory missions, byspecialized consultants onaroving basis.
(k) Formation ofanon-profit association tomanage theTanzanian Economic andTrade
Information System.
After theestablishment andbeginning offulloperation oftheEconomic andTrade Information
System, anon-profit association willbeformed bythedifferent participants totheSystem, tomanage
itandmaintain itscoherence. Thisassociation willbefinanced byitsmembers without anyfinancial
inputs fromtheProject budget, except fortechnical advice onitsorganization andmethods. TheProject
willcontribute tothisactivity bythedrafting ofthecharter andrulesofoperation oftheassociation.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 55
(l) Establishing coordination linkswithcounterpart information systems inneighbouring
countries.
Inaddition toinformation flows tobesecured through theparticipation oftheTETIS tothe
GTPNet,formal tieswillbeinstitutionalized atEAC level, toexchange information among foreign
trade enterprises andpublic sector entities, through theconnection ofthetrade information facilities
andsystems, inorder toexchange whatever information isnotregularly offered ontheWeb-sites.
Thiswillnotonlyfacilitate communication ofdataontrading opportunities inthenewly established
economic community, italsowillallow theexchange ofideas andexperiences among private sector
institutions andbusiness people, through discussion groups. Furthermore, theTanzanian Economic
andTrade Information System tobesetupwillbehooked totheCOMESA TINET, where information
ontrading opportunities andother market datawillbeexchanged. Theactivities inthisrespect will
befullycoordinated withthose activities oftheITC-implemented regional project attheCOMESA
inLusaka.
5. Output 3.5.Provincial trade information outlets established
TCCIA isstrengthening itsregional branches intenselected provincial capitals, thanks to
assistance fromtheSwedish Government. Anarrangement tofurther strengthen thesebranches, which
havebeenequipped withthelatest technology computers, would havetobediscussed between BET
andtheChamber.Aselectednumberofbranches,namelyMwanza,Arusha,MbeyaandTanga,together
withZanzibar, which hasaparticular status, would beconnected toTETIS, inorder tobethelocal
information collectors andproviders totraders, producers andregional authorities alike. Theapproach
willconsist offorming regional tradeinformation associations, andestablishing connectivity. Training
willalsoneedtobeextended tothemanagers ofthebranches ortheiroperating personnel.
(a) Establishing TETIS inMwanza,
(b) establishing TETIS inArusha,
(c) establishing TETIS inMbeya,
(d) establishing TETIS inZanzibar,
(e) establishing TETIS inTanga.
6. Output 3.6Trade efficiency enhanced, through thesetting upofafull-fledged Trade Point
ATrade Point isaunique combination ofpractical tools available tolocal enterprises and
government agencies tolower thecostoftheirimport andexport transactions. Itcombines threemain
functions: trade facilitation, trade information andglobal networking. Thefacility offers toSMEs
accesstobusinessopportunitiesworldwide,waystocollectandtransmitinformation,theuseofadvanced
communication techniques, market research, andfacilitation ofcustoms andfinancing procedures,
banking, transport, andinsurance services.
Theestablishment oftheTanzanian Trade Point (TTP) willbeoperated progressively. TETIS
withthetwoReference Centres willconstitute thefirstphase ofimplementation ofTTP. Theidea
ofestablishingaTradePointinDar-Es-Salaamwasfirstadoptedin1994,atthesuggestionofUNCTAD.
BETwasdesignated asatemporary focal point, while TCCIA wasentrusted withtheformation of
aTanzanian trade efficiency association. Neither onehasyetundertaken anyinitiative toadvance the
scheme. TheTTP, which should havebeenestablished intheframework oftheUNCTAD/ITC executed
programme initiated in1991 aiming atestablishing theGlobal Trade Point Network (GTP Net), is
therefore dormant. Anyinitiative toestablish itshould berestarted fromthebeginning, including the
institutional aspect.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 56
Infact,theapproach proposed inthisProject willhelpinsetting upTTPprogressively.
Activities indicated under Output 3.5above, takeapragmatic avenue tosetupTTP, since current
conditions would notallow fortheselection ofaphysical siteforit,norpermit theformation ofthe
Tanzania Trade Efficiency Association. Forthetimebeing, private sector representatives doassert
thattheirinstitutions arelacking capacity torunsuchafacility, toensure itssustainability, oreven
todefine itsmission, untilaclearvision forTanzanian private sector development hasbeenadopted.
Itisbelieved thattheoperating ofTETIS willgiveanopportunity tothevarious stakeholders ofprivate
sector development inTanzania toappreciate theusefulness ofcoordination andofeasyaccess totrade
support services.
Following additional reforms inthefieldoftrade facilitation andinvestment promotion, the
Project willdefine thecontours oftheTanzania Trade Point andestablish itataselected location, well
accessible toprivate sector enterprises, including thepossibility ofestablishing provincial antennas.
(a) Feasibility study ofafull-fledged Trade Point
Thestudy should envisage establishing provincial Trade Points, inselected sites, notably where
TETIS would havebeenputinoperation, assetoutunder Output 3.5above, inZanzibar, Mwanza,
Arusha, Mbeya andTanga. Duplication oftheDar-Es-Salaam setting inZanzibar andMwanza will
beenvisaged.
(b) Formation ofaTrade Efficiency Association
There willbeapossibility toupgrade theTETIS managing body inaTrade Efficiency
Association, although keeping themseparate would bepreferable. Thefeasibility study willdetermine
thebestoptions.
(c) Establishing theTrade Facilitation component oftheTrade Point inDar-Es-Salaam.
(d) Establishing theTrade Facilitation component ofaTrade Point inZanzibar.
(e) Establishing theTrade Facilitation component ofaTrade Point inMwanza.
7. Output 3.7Guide to"Trade Secrets -theExport Answerbook "adapted totheTanzanian context
ITChasdeveloped thegeneric version ofaGuide entitled “Trade Secrets -theExport
Answerbook ”,together withguidelines foritsadaptation tothenational context indeveloping countries.
TheGuide, customized tolocalsituations, willbeabusiness improvement toolandreference source
forexport management bySMEs andbusiness support organizations. Itwillcontain acomplete package
ofreadily accessible information, thatmanagers would finduseful forday-to-day operation oftheir
export businesses. Onehundred frequently asked questions (FAQ) areanswered inclear, concise and
user-friendly terms. Theanswers aresupplemented byappropriate references toadditional information
resources. Technical assistance willsecure thecustomization ofthegeneric version of“Trade Secrets -
theExport Answerbook ”,through theproduction ofacountry-specific Guide forTanzania. Thiswill
bedone inpartnership withinterested local orsubregional counterparts, whowillco-sponsor the
production oftheadapted version.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 57
(a) Advice onthepreparation oftheGuide toTrade Secrets
AnITCconsultant willundertake amission totrainalocalteamofthecounterpart organizations
andthose responsible fortheadaptation process, onhowtoprepare thedraftofthecustomized version
oftheGuide.
(b) Realization oftheGuide toTrade Secrets inTanzania
Thecustomization willbecarried out,under ITC’stechnical guidance, byanational/subregional
subcontractor. Thecounterpart organization willbedirectly involved intheimplementation ofthe
process, inaccordance witha“jointpublication arrangement ”withITC, andwillbenefit from the
proceeds ofsales. Thesubcontractor willelaborate thedraftforeachcountry covered, onthebasis
oftheprocess manual. ITCwillperform aquality check before publication. TheGuide willbeprinted
using localorsubregional facilities.
(c) Distribution oftheGuide toTrade Secrets
TheGuide willbedistributed onacommercial basis, inaccordance withthe“jointpublication
arrangement ”bythecounterpart organization, which could beoneofthefollowing: BET, TCCIA,
CBE, oraconsortium ofthem. Theproceeds ofsaleswillberetained bythecounterpart organization
orconsortium, torecover theirexpenses andtofinance thepreparation ofsubsequent updated versions.
8. Output 3.8Capacity oftheTanzanian Bureau ofStandards, strengthened inquality management
Quality isbecoming themainplatform ofcompetition ininternational trade, withsophisticated
notions suchaseco-labelling, organic products, environment-friendly technologies andprocesses. These
issues aremore andmore discussed andtaken asacriteria ofproduct marketability. TheProject will
helptheTanzania Bureau ofStandards tobuild upandstrengthen capacity inquality management in
lightofthegrowing demand forquality products. TBSwillusethatcapacity toassist Tanzanian
enterprises andauthorities toimprove theirability tounderstand andimplement these concepts. TBS
presently hastrainers andquality officers, incharge ofquality management issues, whoarerelatively
well-acquainted withtheURAs onTBTs, SPSandthelike. They arelimited innumber (only one
resource person isconsidered tobefullyknowledgeable inthisfield) andneedamore comprehensive
knowledge andmore professional training.
(a) Advisory missions inquality control issues
Apart fromthespecific training tobeprovided toselected resource persons fromtheTanzania
Bureau ofStandards (TBS) inmatters ofquality control andsanitary andphytosanitary inspection (under
training ofspecialized trainers (Output 1.3)), aconsultant mission willadvise theBank ofTanzania
andtheCustomsDepartmentonhowtoimprovequalityinspectionatentrypointsandonthemanagement
ofPSI.
(b) OperatingtheEnquiryPointontechnicalbarrierstotradeandsanitaryandphytosanitary
measures
TBSistheTanzanian Enquiry Point onTBTs andotherstandardization issues. Itlacksexpertise
onhowtomanage afocalpoint, howtodraw advantage fromother countries ’focalpoints, andhow
tosafeguard Tanzanian exporters interest inthetarget markets. TheProject willassist intheoperation
oftheTanzania Enquiry Point onTBTs andsanitary andphytosanitary measures (SPS). Anational
capacity tomonitor other Enquiry Points inselected markets should alsobebuilt. Anorientation tourWT/COMTD/IF/9
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fortheperson incharge oftheTanzania Enquiry Point ontechnical barriers totradewillbesupported
bythisProject toobserve thebestpractices adopted byselected countries.
(c) Database oninternational quality requirements intarget markets forTanzanian products
ITC’sQualidata andPackdata databases areavailable atTBS, since theyhavebeeninstalled
intheframework ofanITCimplemented regional project withSADC. They havenotbeenupdated
since 1993.
TheProject willprovide fortheupdating ofthese databases. Progressively, TBSshould build
upaninformation basetorespond toTanzania exporters ’enquiries onthetechnical andlegal
specifications required intheirdifferent target markets. Information hastoberetrieved fromthevarious
sources available intheTBSlibrary.
(d) Database onquality requirements andregulations inTanzania
Presently, there isnocomputer database onTanzanian standards andquality requirements.
Such adatabase isnecessary tobeaccessible intheframework ofTETIS andhastobeavailable for
thefullimplementation oftheEnquiry Point onTBTs. Theproject willsupport thesubcontracting
oftherealization ofsuchadatabase, ifTBScommits itselftoitsregular updating. AnITCconsultant
willadvise onitssetting andmanagement.
(e) National seminar onquality management forexport
Anational seminar onquality management andpractices inexport enterprises willbeheldin
Dar-Es-Salaam, inconjunction withTBS, CTIandBET.
(f) Local seminars onquality management andcontrol forexport
Aseries oflocal seminars willbeheldatproduction sitesinthecountryside tosensitize
smallholders andtraders tointernational standards andquality requirements ininternational markets.
They willaddress products relevant toTanzania, suchascoffee, tea,tobacco, hides andskins, spices,
fruits andvegetables.
These seminars willbeheldunder theleadership ofTBSwiththeparticipation ofBETand
theprofessional associations intheirrespective subsectors. TheProject willsupport suchaneffort.
V. INPUTS, AND MANAGEMENT
A. Project Strategy
1. Priorities
TheProject takes intoaccount thefollowing priorities:
Itwillfirstfocus oncapacity building atnational levelfortheunderstanding oftherules of
themultilateraltradingsystemandthemanagementofTanzania’smembershipoftheWTO.Thispriority
ismanifested through:
- Thetraining ofanimportant number oftrainers inMTS matters (four generalists and
nineinspecialized matters) whowillbetrained tointerpret andexplain MTS rules
andregulations.WT/COMTD/IF/9
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- Theintroduction toathorough information ontherulesofinternational trade, andthe
opportunities created through improved market access. Thiswillbeachieved through
thesetting upofReference Centres anddirect institutional support toprivate sector
institutions andenterprises, aswellasthrough dissemination seminars andworkshops.
- Theprovision ofassistance inpolicy andexport strategy formulation andinconforming
locallawsandregulations toTanzania ’sundertakings asaWTO Member.
TheProject willfacilitate access ofexport enterprises toaminimum number ofcompetitiveness
tools, suchas:
- Theknowledge oftheirpotentials, strength andweaknesses;
- anefficient Economic andTrade Information System thatprovides readily available
information asaninput togood management;
- aquality management proficiency, through training ofresource persons incharge of
quality control andstandardization.
TheProject willimmediately achieve concrete actions needed byenterprises andpublic and
private sector institutions. Thiswillbemanifested in:
- Theidentification ofproduct linesbearing export potential inthelongrun;
- thedefinition ofsectoral development strategies;
- on-the-job training inenterprises andinstitutions.
Allactivities ofthisProject willbeintegrated intheongoing technical assistance endeavours,
taking theconcerns ofprivate sector andTanzanian authorities intotheheart oftheProject 'sfocus.
Itwillinteract, benefit andcomplete other initiatives being implemented andhelptoimprove their
efficiency.
2. Management
(a) Monitoring oftheProject activities byITC, UNCTAD andWTO
Fortheeightcountries covered bytheIntegrated Programme, WTO, UNCTAD andITCwill
havetworesident experts, onaregional basis, tomanage projects intwogroups ofcountries. These
twoexperts willbeposted, respectively, in:
- West Africa (forBenin, Burkina Faso, Côted'Ivoire andGhana), and
- EastAfrica (forKenya, Tanzania andUganda).
Inaddition, junior assistants could beposted atITCandUNCTAD, andwillhelptomanage
theimplementation oftheIntegrated Programme.
Specifically, WTO, UNCTAD andITCwilldesignate aregional coordinator ineachsubregion
whowillmonitorandcoordinatetherespectiveinputsoftheGeneva-basedorganizations,incoordination
withthelocal UNDP fieldoffice andtheITCChief Technical Adviser, incharge ofmanaging the
UNDP/ITC export development subprogramme. Boththeregional coordinator andtheITCCTA will
bemembers oftheSteering Committee mentioned hereafter. Subcontracts fornational facilitatorsWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 60
reporting totheregional coordinator, through theITCCTA, willbeeffected. Resources areincluded
intheProject budget (under ITCcomponent BL11.01) topartly support thecostoftheregional
coordinator andother coordination expenses, which areshared byother projects andprogrammes,
under theregional coordinator 'sauthority andresponsibility.
Atheadquarters, thethreeorganizations willusetheirregular coordination meetings toensure
cohesion, complementarity andsynergy oftheir respective technical activities, asforeseen inthe
Integrated Programme document.
(b) Local monitoring andnational implementation ofactivities
InTanzania, theProject activities willbecoordinated byaSteering Committee which willbe
formed byconcerned institutions, assoonastheProject isadopted andsigned. TheSteering Committee
willbesetunder theauthority ofaSenior Official attheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade (tobe
designated, withasubstitute) whowillcoordinate allWTO related activities. TheSteering Committee
willbecomposed asfollows:
- Onbehalf oftheGovernment ofTanzania, representatives of:
- theMinistry ofIndustries andTrade;
- theBoard ofExternal Trade.
- Onbehalf oftheprivate sector, representatives of:
- theTanzania Chamber ofCommerce Industries andAgriculture;
- theConfederation ofTanzanian Industries.
- Onbehalf oftheexecuting organizations: WTO, ITCandUNCTAD, theregional
coordinator,inchargeoftheimplementationoftheProject,andtheITCChiefTechnical
Adviser ofURT/97/004.
Asaninterface between thelocal counterparts (Government services andprivate sector
institutions, enterprises) ontheonehand, andtheexecuting organizations (ITC/UNCTAD/WTO and
theirRegional andlocalChief Technical Advisers) ontheother hand, aprivate company willbehired
tohandle alladministrative matters. Detailed terms ofreference willbeelaborated todetermine the
tasksofthelocalsubcontractor, intheframework ofthefollow-up andimplementation oftheproject.
- Onbehalf ofdonors anddevelopment partners, representatives of(...donor
countries ...),UNDP, theWorld Bank andother interested parties, asdeemed useful
forafullintegration ofcooperation activities.
(c) Technical implementation
Fortheday-to-day implementation ofactivities, thefollowing organizations willbearthe
responsibility forexecution, including thecoordination ofinputs andresources tobemade available
bythecounterparts.
- Forobjectives 1and2(National capacity andadjustment ofbusiness regulations, laws
andprocedures): thefocal point, setupanddulyempowered, attheMinistry of
Industries andTrade willcoordinate fieldactivities.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 61
- Forobjective number 3(Enhancing Tanzania ’sexport readiness): theBoard ofExternal
Trade, together with TCCIA andCTI, will coordinate thepreparation and
implementation ofactivities, inconjunction with other relevant professional
organizations. Aliaison unitwillbeformed byBET, TCCIA andCTI,toimplement
andcoordinate theactivities under thisobjective.
- More specifically, forthemanagement oftradeinformation, anon-profit association,
willbeformed, assetintheProject activities andoutputs, tomonitor thesystem and
setuptheadequatemanagementprotocolsandmethodologies,asindicatedintheProject
activities andoutputs.
Theprivatesubcontractorwillliaisebetweentheseorganizationsandtheregionaladviser,through
theITCChief Technical Adviser (URT/97/004).
3. Activities directed toexport enterprises
Trainers from theprivate sector willbeenrolled inthetraining activities onacostsharing
basis. Enterprise participation intrademissions andmarket surveys willalsobehandled onasimilar
basis. Atalaterstage, trade information willbehandled onacostbasis, tobepaidbytheusers.
4. Coordination
Projectimplementationwillbecoordinatedwithactivitiesofongoingtechnicalassistanceprojects
beingcarriedoutbyITC,UNCTADandWTO,aswellasbyotherdonorsorinternationalorganizations,
inparticular, those mentioned under thesection pertaining totheongoing technical assistance. Details
aredescribed inthedocument. Adaptations andadjustments willbemade asneedarises.
B. Inputs byProject Partners
Resources needed fortheimplementation ofthisProject willbemade available bydonors.
TheTanzanian Government willcontribute inkindtothesupport oftheProject activities.
Enterprises willcontribute onacost-sharing basis, andwillshare expenses involving theminmarket
surveys andmissions abroad.
Anestimation ofinputs necessary fortheimplementation oftheProject isgiven below:WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 62Inputs byProject Partners
Project elements WTO UNCTAD ITC Government Institutions and
enterprises
Objective 1.Building anational capacity forunderstanding thechanging multilateral trading system anditsimplications forTanzania ’strade.
1.Output 1.1TheInter-Ministerial Technical Committee tofollow-up theUruguay Round Agreements, strengthened
(a)Supply basic documentation ontheWTO
Agreements;Documentation Documentation Documentation
(b)Supply therelevant documents ofthevarious
WTO Committees andWorking GroupsDocumentation
(c)Include theMinistry ofIndustries andTrade in
WTO 'smailing listofperiodical publicationsDocumentation
(d)Provide technical advice onanyissue faced by
theInter-Ministerial Committee onlegal and
institutional issues within theWTO ’ssphere of
competence, aswellasonitsongoing activities.Official missions Official missions Recurrent charges
(e)Help drafttheterms ofreference oftheInter-
ministerial Technical Committee anddesign the
appropriate strategies totakeadvantage ofthe
transitional periods allowed bytheUruguay Round
Agreements.Official missions Recurrent charges
(f)Foster andsupport participation, tosubregional
meetings, ofmembers oftheInter-Ministerial
Technical Committee.Documentation Recurrent charges
2.Output 1.2Customs administration strengthened incustoms matters related totheUruguay Round Agreements
(a)Provide relevant information regarding thework
oftheWTO Committees dealing withCustoms
mattersDocumentation
(b)Provide information totheCustoms
administration ontheimplementation ofthe
Agreement.Documentation
(c)Provide assistance totheCustoms administration
onalltechnical matters relating tocustoms tariffs.Official missions Official missions Recurrent charges
(d)Provide information relating tothework ofthe
Committee onRegional trade Agreements;Documentation
Official missionsRecurrent chargesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Págima 63Project elements WTO UNCTAD ITC Government Institutions and
enterprises
(e)Provide assistance onanylegal matters relating
toregional integration orfree-trade areas.Official missions Official missions Recurrent charges
3.Output 1.3TwoReference Centres onthemultilateral trading system, established
(a)Establishment ofaReference centre onMTS at
thefocal point forWTO matters.Documentation
equipmentDocumentation Documentation Recurrent charges
(b)Establishment ofaReference Centre foruseby
thebusiness community.Documentation Documentation Documentation Recurrent charges
(c)Training ofthemanagers oftheReference
CentresGroup training
International consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
4.Output 1.4National training capacity inMTS issues, reinforced
(a)Training oftrainers ingeneral MTS matters: the
Geneva course.Documentation
Group trainingDocumentation
Group trainingDocumentation
Group trainingRecurrent charges
(b)Specialized trainers inselected issues important
forTanzaniaOfficial missions Group training
official missionsGroup training
international consultant
(0.75 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(c)Providing academic andtraining institutions with
teaching materialDocumentation Documentation Documentation
5.Output 1.5Strengthened negotiating capacity tohandle thebuilt-in agenda inthevarious Uruguay Round Agreements
(a)Forum forpolicy anddecision makers, onMTS Official missions Official missions National consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges
(b)Setting negotiating objectives andpreparing
proposalsInternational consultant Recurrent charges
6.Output 1.6Enhanced knowledge andunderstanding ofUruguay Round Agreements, bypublic sector officials, private sector institutions, foreign trade enterprises, andthegeneral public
(a)Organization oftwogeneral seminars Official missions Official missions National consultant
(0.5w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(b)Technical andspecialized workshops Official missions Official missions Official travel
Documentation
National Consultant
(1.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent chargesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 64Project elements WTO UNCTAD ITC Government Institutions and
enterprises
Objective 2.Conforming to,andseeking maximum advantage from themultilateral trading system.
1.Output 2.1Improved awareness oftrade policy issues, inrelation tothevarious adjustments totheUruguay Round Agreements
(a)Assessment ofpotential impact ontheTanzanian
economy andforeign trade oftheUruguay Round
AgreementsInternational consultant
National consultantInternational consultant
(0.75 w/m)
National consultant
(1.0w/m)Recurrent charges
(b)National Symposium ontrade policy measures
toimprove thebusiness environment inTanzania.Official missions Official missions National symposium.
International consultant
(0.25 w/m)
National Consultant
(1.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
2.Output 2.2Contribution totheAdjustment oflawsandregulations
(a)Assistance inthedrawing upofnotifications
which thecountry must make inconnection withits
accession totheWTO.Official missions Recurrent charges
(b)Provision oftechnical advice onthe
implementation oftheAgreements, based on
examples from countries withsimilar profilesOfficial missions International consultant
(0.5)Recurrent charges
(c)Evaluation missions concerning anyproblem
relating tothereview orintroduction ofnational
legislation aiming atconsistency withWTO rulesOfficial missions Official missions Recurrent charges
(d)Field missions designed toenable theauthorities
tointroduce national legislation, interaliaby
proposing model lawsthatcould beadapted tothe
specific situation ofTanzaniaOfficial missions International consultant (1) Recurrent charges
3.Output 2.3Improved awareness ofthebusiness community ofhowtomaximize trade opportunities, provided byspecial anddifferential treatment, including transitional arrangements built-in tothe
relevant Uruguay Round Agreements
(a)Identification ofconcrete policy support
measures andbusiness strategies, necessary to
achieve maximum exploitation ofthespecial and
differentiated treatment provisions forLDCs.International consultant International consultant
(0.25 w/m)
National consultant
(0.5w/m)Recurrent charges
(b)Indication ofways andmeans toimprove access
toappropriate technology, through technology
policy, compatible withtheTRIPs Agreement.International consultant Recurrent chargesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Págima 65Project elements WTO UNCTAD ITC Government Institutions and
enterprises
(c)Study oftheimpact ofthetariff structure onthe
competitiveness ofexports andforpossible
harmonization attheEAC level.International consultant Recurrent charges
Objective 3.Enhancing Tanzania ’sexport readiness.
1.Output 3.1Matrix ofexchangeable goods andmarkets ofinterest toTanzania, established
(a)Establishing theproduct-market matrix Documentation Recurrent charges
(b)Disseminating theproduct-market matrix among
potential investors andexportersMemo item
2.Output 3.2Market potentials forTanzanian services, assessed
(a)Market survey forthetourism sector International consultant (1)
National consultant (2)International consultant
(1w/m)
National consultant
(0.5w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(b)Market survey forthetransit trade International consultant (1)
National consultant (2)National consultant
(1w/m)
International consultant
(0.5w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
3.Output 3.3Sectoral export development strategies, formulated forselected goods andservices
(a)Training workshops onexport strategy design Group training
Int.Consultant (0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges
(b)Formulation ofsectoral marketing strategies for
selected goodsOfficial missions
International consultant
(0.5)
National consultant
(1w/m)Group training
International consultant
(4x0.25 w/m)
National consultant
(4x0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges
(c)Design ofsectoral strategies forthedevelopment
ofexports ofservicesInternational consultant (2)
National consultant (2)Group training
International consultant
(2x0.5 w/m)
National consultant
(2x0.5 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(d)National strategy forthepromotion of
subregional tradeInternational Consultant (1) International consultant
(0.75 w/m)
National consultant
(1w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent chargesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 66Project elements WTO UNCTAD ITC Government Institutions and
enterprises
4.Output 3.4Selected components oftheTanzania Economic andTrade Information System, setup
(a)Provision ofadditional equipment toenable
connectivity andmultimedia operationEquipment Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(b)Establishing connections between participating
members ofTETISInternational consultant
(0.25 w/m)
National consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(c)Bridging withtheTanzania Trade Centre in
LondonMemo item Recurrent charges
(d)Subscription toselected databases Documentation Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(e)Connection toGTPNet Documentation Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(f)Training trade information managers International consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(g)Provision ofselected documentation written and
electronicDocumentation Documentation
(h)Improvement/creation ofa"Tanzania Business"
Web-siteInternational consultant
(0.25 w/m)
Official travel
SubcontractingRecurrent charges Recurrent charges
(i)Organization anddesign/improvement ofa
"Tanzania Business" home pageSubcontracting
International consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(j)Advisory services totheTETIS member
organizationsInternational consultant
(2x0.2.5 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(k)Formation ofanon-profit association tomanage
theTanzanian Economic andTrade Information
SystemMemo item Recurrent charges
(l)Establishing coordination links withcounterpart
information systems inneighbouring countriesMemo item Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
5.Output 3.5Provincial trade information outlets, established
(a)Establishing TETIS inMwanza Documentation National consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent chargesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Págima 67Project elements WTO UNCTAD ITC Government Institutions and
enterprises
(b)Establishing TETIS inArusha Documentation National consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(c)Establishing TETIS inMbeya Documentation National consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(d)Establishing TETIS inZanzibar Documentation National consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(e)Establishing TETIS inTanga Documentation National consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
6.Output 3.6Trade efficiency enhanced, through thesetting upofafull-fledged Trade Point
(a)Feasibility study ofafull-fledged Trade Point International consultant National consultant
(0.25 w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(b)Formation ofaTrade Efficiency Association International consultant Official travel Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(c)Establishing theTrade Facilitation component of
(Trade Point inDar-Es-SalaamGroup training
International consultantRecurrent charges Recurrent charges
(d)Establishing Trade Facilitation component of
Trade Point inZanzibarEquipment
Group training
International consultantRecurrent charges Recurrent charges
(e)Establishing Trade Facilitation component of
Trade Point inMwanzaEquipment
Group training
International consultantRecurrent charges Recurrent charges
7.Output 3.7Guide to"Trade secrets -TheExport Answerbook" adapted totheTanzanian context
(a)Advice onthepreparation oftheGuide toTrade
SecretsInternational consultant
(1.0w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(b)Realization oftheGuide toTrade Secrets in
TanzaniaSubcontracting Recurrent charges Participation inprinting
andpublishing
(c)Distribution oftheGuide toTrade Secrets Memo item Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
8.Output 3.8Capacity oftheTanzanian Bureau ofStandards, strengthened inquality management
(a)Advisory missions inquality control issues International consultant
(0.5w/m)Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(b)Operating theEnquiry point ontechnical
barriers totradeMemo item Recurrent charges Recurrent chargesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 68Project elements WTO UNCTAD ITC Government Institutions and
enterprises
(c)Databaseoninternational quality requirements
intarget markets forTanzanian productsDocumentation
Equipment
SubcontractingRecurrent charges
(d)Database onquality requirements and
regulations inTanzaniaNational consultant
(1.0w/m)
Equipment
SubcontractingRecurrent charges
(e)National Seminar onquality management for
exportNational consultant
(0.5w/m)
SubcontractingRecurrent charges Recurrent charges
(f)Local seminars onquality management and
control forexportSubcontracting Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
MANAGEMENT
(a)Monitoring oftheProject activities, byITC,
UNCTAD andWTOOfficial missions Senior adviser Recurrent charges Recurrent charges
(b)Local monitoring andnational implementation of
activitiesOfficial missions Subcontracting
Documentation
EquipmentRecurrent charges Recurrent charges
(c)Technical implementation Official missions Subcontracting Recurrent charges Recurrent chargesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 69
VI. PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND RISKS
Thefollowing performance criteria aresettomeasure success orfailure ofthisProject
A. Success Criteria
1. Objective 1:National capacity tounderstand MTS anditsimplications
Theexistence andefficiency ofanational capacity tofollow-up andimplement thevarious
provisions oftheUruguay Round Agreements willbeverified bythedegree ofself-reliance ofTanzanian
institutions onlocalresources andinputs toseekadvice onWTO-related matters, andtomanage the
country'sparticipationinWTO.ThedegreeofsophisticationofquestionsandissuesraisedbyTanzanian
users oftheAgreements oftheWTO willindicate thelevel reached inmastering theprovisions of
theAgreements. Animproving quality ofTanzanian inputs tointernational negotiations should also
demonstrate astronger mastery ofthemultilateral trading system issues atstake, especially when the
official positions alsoreflect substantive inputs bytheconcerned private sector institutions, based on
theinterests oftheirconstituencies.
Theregular provision andtransmission ofinformation andpublications topublic andprivate
sector institutions bythefocal unitattheMinistry ofIndustries andTrade, which istheDirectorate
ofExternal Trade, willalsobeanindicator ofsuccess, especially asthese institutions areexpected
toforward theinformation toexport enterprises, andtoundertake thenecessary debate withthesefirms,
toreflect theirinterests inofficial negotiating positions attheWTO.
2. Objective 2:Seeking maximum advantage from theMTS
Theregular consultations between theGovernment andprivate sector institutions onissues
related tothemultilateral trading system, followed byasubstantial improvement ofthebusiness
conditions inthecountry, willbeanindirect result ofthisProject 'sactivities. Better articulated and
more coherent global trade policies andexport development strategies willbeaconcrete verifier of
thesuccess ofactivities planned under thesecond direct objective ofthisProject. Thisshould constitute
thecoreofamore conducive business environment, thatwould favour export-oriented investment and
trading transactions.
Theenactment oflawsandregulations inlinewiththeprovisions ofWTO Agreements and
which areconducive toanimproved business environment isacriteria tomeasure thesuccess ofthis
project ’sactivities infacilitating trade procedures andregulations, which should result inattracting
more foreign direct investment, inparticular inthefieldofexport-oriented activities.
3. Objective 3:Enhancing Tanzania 'sexport readiness
Theimpact ofactivities planned under thisProject 'sthirddirect objective willconcretize in
clearer options ofhowTanzanian exporters could draw benefits fromexisting resources andtapnew
market opportunities andwhich goods andservices display themostfavourable commercial advantages,
ascompared withother international suppliers ofthesame products. Tothisend,theavailability of
appropriate facilities toprovide trade information asamanagement tooltoexporters willdefinitely
mark thedifference from thecurrent situation.
Furthermore, theappropriate utilization oftheoperational trade, legalandtechnical information
tobeprovided through theReference Centres, theTanzanian Economic andTrade Information System
andtheEnquiryPointonTBTsandSPS,willbethemeasuringinstrumentofperformanceofthisproject,
inthefieldofbetter export management ofTanzanian firms, involved intheProject activities. PrivateWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 70
sector organizations, associated withtheProject, should become more capable inusing theoutputs
oftheeconomic, trade andtechnical information setting, tobetter formulate theirwork plans and
medium/long-term strategies.
Thenature andquality ofinformation provided within thesystem would beanadditional
performance criteria ofTETIS, inthesense thatitshould relate notonlytothesupply capabilities
ofTanzania, butalsotothedemand trends ofimporting countries. Itshould alsoimprove dissemination
ofinformation towards themarketplace oftheexport offers ofthecountry, especially inthesubregion,
butalsoelsewhere. Anindicator ofperformance ofthetrade andtechnical information system, to
bestrengthened bytheproject activities willbethestronger linkage ofimporters andexporters in
Tanzania withpotential partners andbuyers abroad. Theeaseofaccess tomarket andtechnical
information, needed forthesuccessful conduct ofexport business, willalsoshow theexpected greater
efficiency ofthese export firms ininternational markets. Thesetting oftrade information facilities
inthecountryside willallow forthespreading ofbenefits oftheproject activities todecentralized SMEs;
thenumber ofwhich willbecome further involved ininternational trade willindicate thesuccess of
thisendeavour.
Thanks totheinformation availed bythedifferent facilities putattheirdisposal, andtotheir
ownassessment ofthemarket trends, aswellastheirstrengths, weaknesses andopportunities, Tanzanian
exporters, private sector institutions andprofessional associations would havebetter capacity todefine
sectoral strategies, showing howspecific product groups, withcomparative advantages forthecountry,
could attract investment andgenerate export business.
Thematrix ofexportable goods andservices ofinterest tothecountry, together withthesectoral
strategies tobedefined, would beusedfortheestablishment byTanzanian export firms ofmedium
andlong-term marketing plans. These plans would leadtoanadequate definition oradaptation ofactual
goods tobemanufactured orservices tobeoffered, themarkets tobetargeted fortheir
commercialization, andthepromotional actions tobeundertaken. Inaddition, thesectoral andproduct
group strategies, together withthestrategy topromote subregional trade, would indicate tothe
Governmentandtheorganizationsinvolvedthemeasuresfortheenhancementofthebusinessenvironment
ingeneral andthespecific sectors inparticular. Thedegree ofimplementation oftherecommendations
formulated inthiscontext would beanindicator ofthesuccessful realization ofthese outputs ofthe
Project.
Better management ofthequality ofexport products willalsoindirectly result fromthethird
objective oftheProject. Thiscould beverified atTBSandwithin selected partner enterprises,
particularly those benefiting from theITCimplemented URT/97/004 Project, financed byUNDP.
These enterprises would become better acquainted withstandards andquality requirements ofthetarget
markets. Theefficiency oftheirquality management skills willbereflected through thevalue added
totheirexport proceeds, andthekindofproducts exported, which inthelongrunwould become more
andmore elaborated.
Fullcomplementarity ofactivities between thisProject andother ongoing technical assistance
projects, implemented bythethreeexecuting organizations, willalsoshow theextent towhich activities
todevelop Tanzania ’sexternal trade havebeenintegrated.
B. Risks
Theexpected performance ofthisProject would bemarkedly reduced byaneventual insufficient
commitment ofTanzanian partners toprovide human resources andthenecessary recurrent expenses,
tosecure thefunctioning offacilities setupintheframework oftheProject (Reference Centres,
Economic andTrade Information System, etc.). Theimprovement ofthebusiness environment couldWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 71
beseriously hampered bytheunavailability oftrainers andresource persons (tocarry outlocal
sensitization workshops andlegislation adjustment, etc.). Such anenhanced environment would be
conducive tothedevelopment ofexports andtobetter exploitation ofnewmarket access opportunities,
resulting from themultilateral trading system.
Incasedifficulties intheaccess ofexport firms tofinancial resources andexport credit had
tocontinue, ortheriseincostofexport financing persisted, theresults ofthisProject could alsobe
adversely affected. Thus, export-oriented investment would notbestrengthened andpromotional
activities would notbefirmly based onavailability ofcompetitive export supplies.
Within thescope ofthethirdobjective, aninsufficient acknowledgement byprivate enterprises
oftheopportunities resulting fromtheimproved market access conditions, could extinguish orreduce
theirneedtoformulate andadopt sectoral strategies. These strategies areneeded foreachmajor product
group, displaying comparative advantages forthecountry.
VII. EVALUATION AND REPORTING, PROJECT REVIEW
TheProject implementation andresults willbeassessed twice during thelifetime oftheProject,
bythethree parties concerned initsimplementation, namely theTanzanian Government, theDonor,
orCommunity ofdonors, supporting theProject, andthethreeexecuting organizations (ITC, UNCTAD
andWTO). Thecommon evaluation procedures ofWTO, ITCandUNCTAD willbeapplied. Contacts
willbeestablished withTanzanian authorities toconduct these evaluation missions atmid-term and
attheendoftheProject. Evaluation reports should highlight theresults achieved andrecommend
further action, where necessary. TheProject budget contains financial provision forthesetwoevaluation
missions.
Incasemodifications arerequired tothepresent Project document, subsequent toachange
ofthecontext ornewfindings orforanyother reason, asdeemed necessary, tripartite reviews will
beorganized, todiscuss andintroduce suchmodifications, including theirpossible implications for
thebudget ofthisProject. Thetripartite review willbeperformed by(i)theTanzanian Government
ortheSteering Committee incharge offollowing uptheexecution ofthisProject; (ii)thedonor, or
community ofdonors, supporting theProject; andthethree executing organizations, namely, ITC,
UNCTAD andWTO.WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 72VIII. RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND PROJECT BUDGET
A.Budgetary Allocation ofResources byWTO
(InUS$, 1997-1999)
Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total
Missions andspecialized workshops 15,000 15,000 5,00
035,0
00
Training oftrainers 20,000 20,0
00
Training materials, incl.documentation 4,000 1,000 5,0
00
Technical missions inrelation tothefollow-up oftraining of
trainers programme5,000 5,00
010,0
00
Contingency 3,000 4,000 3,00
010,0
00
Total 42,000 25,000 13,00
00 80,0
00WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 73B.Budgetary Allocation ofResources byUNCTAD
(InUS$, 1997-2000)
B/L Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total
m/m US$ m/m US$ m/m US$ m/m US$ m/m US$
11.01 Management andcoordination
13.01 Administrative support
15.01 Travel ofregional adviser
16.01 Official travel 2,500 10,000 10,000 2,500 25,000
16.02 Evaluation 10,000 10,000 20,000
17.01 National consultants 0 4.00 14,000 8.00 32,000 4.00 18,000 16.00 64,000
18.01 International consultants 0 4.50 63,000 4.00 56,000 0 8.50 119,000
21.01 Subcontracting 0
32.01 Group training 11,800 11,800
33.01 National symposium 3,500 3,500
41.01 Expendable. incl.
documentation2,400 3,600 800 700 7,500
42.01 Equipment andnonexpendable 15,000 15,000
51.01 Operation andmaintenance 3,500 3,500 7,000
52.01 Reporting 1,000 1,000 1,000 3,000
53.01 Miscellaneous andreserves 579 3,177 3,641 1,339 8,736
56.13 Operating cost 2,171 13,533 15,249 4,511 35,464
Total 0.00 19,450 8.50 121,810 12.00 137,190 4.00 41,550 24.50 320,000WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 74C.Budgetary Allocation ofResources byITC
(InUS$, 1997-2000)
B/L Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total
m/m US$ m/m US$ m/m US$ m/m US$ m/m US$
11.01 Management andcoordination 1.00 14,300 4.00 58,400 4.00 59,600 1.00 15,000 10.00 147,300
13.01 Administrative support 1.00 1,500 4.00 7,000 4.00 8,000 1.00 2,250 10.00 18,750
15.01 Project travel (incl. regional adviser) 6,500 32,780 29,980 6,500 75,760
16.01 Official travel 2,500 7,000 6,000 2,000 17,500
16.02 Evaluation 6,700 6,800 13,500
17.01 National consultants 1.50 4,500 7.75 27,125 2.25 9,000 2.00 9,000 13.50 49,625
18.01 International consultants 1.00 18,500 8.00 152,000 1.50 29,250 1.50 30,000 12.00 229,750
21.01 Subcontracting 26,500 7,500 3,000 37,000
32.01 Group training 15,400 5,000 7,500 4,000 31,900
33.01 National symposium 6,000 6,000
41.01 Expendable, incl. documentation 1,500 8,500 8,000 1,500 19,500
42.01 Equipment andnon-expendable 9,500 0 10,000 19,500
51.01 Operation andmaintenance 1,000 2,750 3,000 3,000 9,750
52.01 Reporting 930 1,900 1,900 990 5,720
53.01 Miscellaneous andreserves 3,016 16,013 7,615 4,190 30,834
Subtotal 69,646 367,168 177,345 98,230 712,389
56.13 Operating cost 9,054 47,732 23,055 12,770 92,611
Total 4.50 78,700 23.75 414,900 11.75 200,400 5.50 111,000 45.50 805,000WT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 75IX.WORK PLAN AND SCHEDULE OFACTIVITIES
1997 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2000
Project elements /activities IV I II III IV I II III IV I
Objective 1.Building anational capacity forunderstanding thechanging multilateral trading system anditsimplications forTanzania ’strade.
Output 1.1TheInter-Ministerial Technical Committee tofollow-up theUruguay Round Agreements, strengthened
(a)Supply basic documentation ontheWTO
Agreements
(b)Supply therelevant documents ofthe
various WTO Committees andWorking
Groups
(c)Include theMinistry ofIndustries and
Trade inWTO 'smailing listofperiodical
publications
(d)Provide technical advice onanyissue faced
bytheInter-Ministerial Committee onlegal
andinstitutional issues within theWTO ’s
sphere ofcompetence, aswellasonits
ongoing activities.
(e)Help draft theterms ofreference ofthe
Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee and
design theappropriate strategies totake
advantage ofthetransitional periods allowed
bytheUruguay Round Agreements.
(f)Foster andsupport participation, to
subregional meetings, ofmembers oftheInter-
Ministerial Technical Committee.
Output 1.2Customs administration strengthened incustoms matters related totheUruguay round Agreements
(a)Provide relevant information regarding the
work oftheWTO Committees dealing with
Customs mattersWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 761997 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2000
Project elements /activities IV I II III IV I II III IV I
(b)Provide information totheCustoms
administration ontheimplementation ofthe
Agreement.
(c)Provide assistance totheCustoms
administration onalltechnical matters relating
tocustoms tariffs.
(d)Provide information relating tothework of
theCommittee onRegional Trade Agreements;
(e)Provide assistance onanylegal matters
relating toregional integration orfree-trade
areas.
Output 1.3Two Reference Centres onthemultilateral trading system, established
(a)Establishment ofaReference Centre on
MTS atthefocal point forWTO matters.
(b)Establishment ofaReference Centre for
usebythebusiness community.
(c)Training ofthemanagers oftheReference
Centres
Output 1.4National training capacity inMTS issues, reinforced
(a)Training oftrainers ingeneral MTS
matters: theGeneva course.
(b)Specialized trainers inselected issues
important forTanzania
(c)Providing academic andtraining institutions
withteaching materialWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 771997 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2000
Project elements /activities IV I II III IV I II III IV I
Output 1.5Strengthened negotiating capacity tohandle thebuilt-in agenda inthevarious Uruguay Round Agreements
(a)Forum forpolicy anddecision makers, on
MTS
(b)Setting negotiating objectives andpreparing
proposals
Output 1.6Enhanced knowledge andunderstanding ofUruguay Round Agreements, bypublic sector officials, private sector institutions, foreign trade enterprises,
andthegeneral public
(a)Organization oftwogeneral seminars
(b)Technical andspecialized workshops
Objective 2.Conforming to,andseeking maximum advantage from themultilateral trading system.
Output 2.1Improved awareness oftrade policy issues, inrelation tothevarious adjustments totheUruguay Round Agreements
(a)Assessment ofpotential impact onthe
Tanzanian economy andforeign trade ofthe
Uruguay Round Agreements
(b)Preparation ofpresentations ontrade
strategy alternatives
(c)National symposium ontrade policy
measures toimprove thebusiness environment
inTanzania.
Output 2.2Contribution totheadjustment oflaws andregulations
(a)Assistance inthedrawing upof
notifications which thecountry must make in
connection withitsaccession totheWTO.
(b)Provision oftechnical advice onthe
implementation oftheAgreements, based on
examples from countries withsimilar profilesWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 781997 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2000
Project elements /activities IV I II III IV I II III IV I
(c)Evaluation missions concerning any
problem relating tothereview orintroduction
ofnational legislation aiming atconsistency
withWTO rules
(d)Field missions designed toenable the
authorities tointroduce national legislation,
inter alia byproposing model laws thatcould
beadapted tothespecific situation ofTanzania
Output 2.3Business community made aware ofhowtomaximize trade opportunities, provided byspecial anddifferential treatment, including transitional
arrangements built-in totherelevant Uruguay Round Agreement
(a)Identification ofconcrete policy support
measures andbusiness strategies, necessary to
achieve maximum exploitation ofthespecial
anddifferentiated treatment provisions for
LDCs.
(b)Indication ofways andmeans toimprove
access toappropriate technology, through
technology policy, compatible withtheTRIPS
Agreement.
(c)Study oftheimpact ofthetariff structure
onthecompetitiveness ofexports andfor
possible harmonization attheEAC level.
Objective 3.Enhancing Tanzania ’sexport readiness.
Output 3.1Matrix ofexchangeable goods andmarkets ofinterest toTanzania, established
(a)Establishing theproduct-market matrix
(b)Disseminating theproduct-market matrix
among potential investors andexporters
Output 3.2Market potentials forTanzanian services, assessed
(a)Market survey forthetourism sector
(b)Market survey forthetransit tradeWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 791997 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2000
Project elements /activities IV I II III IV I II III IV I
Output 3.3Sectoral export development strategies, formulated forselected goods andservices
(a)Training workshops onexport strategy
design
(b)Formulation ofsectoral marketing
strategies forselected goods
(c)Design ofsectoral strategies forthe
development ofexports ofservices
(d)National strategy forthepromotion of
subregional trade
Output 3.4Selected components oftheTanzania Economic andTrade Information System, setup
(a)Provision ofadditional equipment toenable
connectivity andmultimedia operation
(b)Establishing connections between
participating members ofTETIS
(c)Bridging withtheTanzania Trade Centre in
London
(d)Subscription toselected databases
(e)Connection toGTP Net
(f)Training trade information managers
(g)Provision ofselected documentation written
andelectronic
(h)Improvement/creation ofa"Tanzania
Business" Web-site
(i)Organization anddesign/improvement ofa
"Tanzania Business" homepage
(j)Advisory services totheTETIS member
organizationsWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 801997 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2000
Project elements /activities IV I II III IV I II III IV I
(k)Formation ofanon-profit association to
manage theTanzanian Economic andTrade
Information System
(l)Establishing coordination links with
counterpart information systems in
neighbouring countries
Output 3.5.Provincial trade information outlets, established
(a)Establishing TETIS inMwanza
(b)Establishing TETIS inArusha
(c)Establishing TETIS inMbeya
(d)Establishing TETIS inZanzibar
(e)Establishing TETIS inTanga
Output 3.6Trade efficiency enhanced, through thesetting upofafull-fledged Trade Point
(a)Feasibility study ofafull-fledged Trade
Point
(b)Formation ofaTrade Efficiency
Association
(c)Establishing theTrade Facilitation
component ofTrade Point inDar-Es-Salaam
(d)Establishing Trade Facilitation component
ofTrade Point inZanzibar
(e)Establishing Trade Facilitation component
ofTrade Point inMwanza
Output 3.7Guide toTrade Secrets adapted totheTanzanian context
(a)Advice onthepreparation oftheGuide to
Trade SecretsWT/COMTD/IF/9
Página 811997 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2000
Project elements /activities IV I II III IV I II III IV I
(b)Realization oftheGuide toTrade Secrets
inTanzania
(c)Distribution oftheGuide toTrade Secrets
Output 3.8Capacity oftheTanzanian Bureau ofStandards, strengthened inquality management
(a)Advisory missions inquality control issues
(b)Operating theEnquiry Point ontechnical
barriers totrade
(c)Database oninternational quality
requirements intarget markets forTanzanian
products
(d)Database onquality requirements and
regulations inTanzania
(e)National seminar onquality management
forexport
(f)Local seminars onquality management and
control forexport